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MEMOIBS OF AN EX-MINISTEE

VOL. n.

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MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER

AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY

BY THE RIGHT HON. THE

EAEL OF MALMESBUEY, G.C.B.

IN TWO VOLUMES

VOL. II.

3o(»

LONDON V
LONGMANS, GEEEN, AND CO.
1884

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MEMOIES OF AN EX-MINI8TEE,

1855
Mr. Disraeli to Lord M.
Carlton : January 6, 1855.
My dear M., — I found your note on our arrival in town to-day
from Hnghenden en route for Wynyard. I do not think, however,
that I shall be able to depart for that latter place before Wednesday
morning ; so if you have anything to say, I shall have a London post
Monday and Tuesday ; after that, Wynyard, Stockton-on-Tees,
Notwithstanding all that has happened, and the no longer mis-
takable disgust and indignation of the country with the present
Ministry, I think it will last. The House of Commons is deter
mined not to turn them out until their successors are indicated.
Waiting for a strong Government, the weak one will proceed.
I fear that Seymour will be going to the House of Lords, which
I regret, as I always looked to the possibility of his taking a leading
part in the reconstruction of parties.
The Duke of Bucks has just told me that Glengall is dying at
Bretby. This is sad ; and that poor, dear Lord Ponsonby is in a
hopeless state.
The Court will not break up the Government in order that a
pure Whig Ministry may be formed. — Tours ever, D.
January ^th. — Lord Hardinge tells me that the Duke
of Newcastle had never consulted him on any subject con-
aected with the war ; and that he had never seen a single
despatch except those that had been published in the news-
VOL. II. B

2 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
papers. As he is Commander-in-Chief and a great soldier,
this appears incredible ; but no one can doubt his word for
a moment, and his uncontrolled anger confirms his account.
Lord Derby to Lord M.
St. James's Square : January 23, 1855.
My dear Malmesbury, —
Great rumours of the Government breaking up, great indigna
tion at their conduct, and great and reasonable alarm for the fate of
our army. Disraeli agrees with me as to the patience policy —
indeed he wishes to carry it even further than I do. Our people,
however, will be very hard to hold.
Ever yours sincerely, Deebt.
January 26th. — A letter this morning from Lord Lonsdale,'
telling me that Lord John Russell had resigned, as he would
not oppose Mr. Eoebuek's motion for an inquiry into the
way in which the war had been conducted. Lord Aberdeen
went to Windsor immediately after the Cabinet Council,
and yesterday Lord John's resignation was announced in
both Houses.
January 27th. — Lord Lonsdale again writes that Lord
John has resigned on account of the mismanagement of the
war. He gave this explanation himself last night in the
Commons, and Lord Aberdeen read a letter to the same
effect in the Lords and seemed very angry, but announced
that the Government would await the result of Mr. Roebuck's
motion before deciding what course they would pursue.
Damaging as Lord John's speech explaining his conduct is
^ Lord LoDsdale had held the office of Postmaster-General under Sir R,
Peel. He had a very large fortune and great Parliamentary influence in
Cumberland and Westmoreland, returning five members in these districts
and he owed it as much to his natural shrewdness and sagacity as to his
wealth. He died in 1874, aged eighty-four.

1855 RESIGNATION OF LORD JOHN RUSSELL. 3
to the Government, it is much more so to himself, for his
reasons appear quite insufficient to justify his deserting his
colleagues and risking to throw the whole country into con
fusion at such a crisis as this. He says that on Novem
ber 17 he suggested to Lord Aberdeen that it would be
advisable that the office of Secretary for the War Depart
ment and that of Secretary at War should be held by the
same person, and that it should be given to Palmerston.
Lord Aberdeen objected, on the ground of its being unfair
and unjust to the Duke of Newcastle to remove him from
his post without strong grounds for doing so. Lord John,
upon this refusal of Lord Aberdeen, threatened to resign.
Being, however, urged by Lord Palmerston and others of his
friends not to press the matter further, he consented to give
it up, and the subject was not again named by him till Satur
day, January 20, when, a proposal being made in the Cabinet
which he thought incomplete and insufficient, he gave Lord
Aberdeen a paper containing his own views on the subject.
To this it appears he received no answer, and, thinking it
unlikely that his views would be adopted, he determined on
Tuesday night, January 23, to read his resignation to Lord
Aberdeen, to whom he wrote the following letter : —
Chesham Place : January 23, 1855.
My dear Lord Aberdeen, — Mr. Roebnck has given notice of a
motion to inquire into the conduct of the War. I do not. see how
this motion is to be resisted, as it involves a censure upon the War
Department, with which some of my colleagues are connected. My
only course is to tender my resignation. I therefore have to
request you will lay my humble resignation of the office which I
have the honour to hold, before the Queen, with the expression of
my gratitude for Her Majesty's kindness for many years.
I remain, &c. &o. John Russell.
Lord John at the beginning of his speech explained the
B 2

4 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
reason he could not resist. Mr. Roebuck's motion was such
as could only be opposed on two grounds : —
1st. That no evils existed of sufficient magnitude to call
for inquiry.
2nd. That if such did exist they would be best cured by
other means, and that, being unable to say ' It is true evils
do exist, but such arrangements have been made that all
deficiencies and abuses will be immediately remedied,' he
could only come to one conclusion, that as he was unable
to give the only answer that would stop inquiry, it was his
duty not to remain a member of the Government.
Lord Palmerston, in reply to this speech, said 'he ad
mitted Lord John might have a difficulty in meeting Mr.
Roebuck's motion, but it was evident he thought that there
were in his mind sufficient constitutional objections to that
motion, and if he was decidedly of opinion that a different
person ought to be at the head of the War Department, he
should have given the Government an opportunity before
Parliament met of saying whether the proposal should be
adopted. The course he had taken was not in accordance
with the usual practice of public men, and was calculated
to place the Government in a position of embarrassment.'
After these explanations, Mr. Roebuck brought on his
motion for a Select Committee ' to inquire into the condition
of our army before Sebastopol, and into the conduct of those
departments of the Government whose duty it has been to
minister to the wants of that army.'
Mr. Sidney Herbert, Sir George Grey, Mr. Monclfton
Milnes, and Mr. Vernon Smith spoke against the motion
Mr. Layard, Mr. Walpole, &c., for it. Lord Palmerston ao-reed
to the adjournment, upon the distinct understanding that
there should be no further one upon this question.

1855 LORD DERBY SENT FOR. h
January 30th. — It is expected that Government will go
out whether they are beaten on Mr. Roebuck's motion or
not, and that they will re-form under Lord Palmerston,
Gladstone and Sidney Herbert to stay in. The general
opinion about Lord John is that he resigned in the hopes
of being called upon to form a new Government, but he has
lost himself by this move. The accounts from the Crimea are
dreadful. Only 18,000 effective men ; 14,000 are dead and
22,000 sick. The same neglect which has hitherto prevailed
continues, and is shown in everything. No precaution is
taken at Balaclava about the ammunition, of which there are
three or four thousand tons. Officers and soldiers are allowed
to smoke pipes and cigars in the midst of these stores.
Febrimry 2nd, Heron Court. — Lord Aberdeen has resigned.
I came down here yesterday, but before I left London Lord
Derby sent for me, to tell me that he had been summoned
by the Queen, and entrusted with the formation of a new
Government, the present one having resigned. He added
that Her Majesty, of her own accord, has expressed a wish
that I should return to the Foreign Office, to which I agreed.
He then stated he had afterwards seen Lord Palmerston,
who seemed inclined to join us, and that Lord Ellenborough
would be War Minister. Lord Derby appeared in high
spirits and confident of success, and when I told him I
should like to go to Heron Court for forty-eight hours to
settle my private affairs, he consented, saying, ' Make haste
back, you will find everything settled by that time.'
Mr. George Bentinck aroused us at four in the morning,
arriving from London, to say that Lord Derby had failed
in forming a Government, Lord Palmerston having thrown
him over, and giving as a reason the immense majority

6 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1555
against him and his colleagues; that Lord Derby went
immediately to Windsor and told the Queen he was unable
under present circumstances to undertake the Government,
and that he advised Her Majesty to form one in the best
way she could. If it failed, he would then try with his own
friends. Nothing could be more marked than Her Majesty's
cordiality. Disraeli told all this to Mr. Bentinck, in order
that he should repeat it to me.
February Uh. — Lord John Russell is trying to form a
Government, but the Peelites ' will not join him, and no
wonder, after his conduct to his late colleagues. His own
party is too weak to stand alone, so that if Her Majesty will
¦not have Lord Palmerston, it is probable that she will send
again for Lord Derby, who has promised then to undertake
the task. I put no faith in this speculation, as, however
much she may dislike a Minister, she will always do .what
she believes to be her duty to the country, and sacrifice
her private feelings to her patriotism.
I returned to London with Mr. Bentinck.
February 5th. — Lord John having failed, Lord Palmerston
is entrusted by the Queen to form a Government.
February 6th. — Lord Derby tells me that he had hopes of
Lord Palmerston at one time, and if he had joined, Lord
Clarendon would have taken the Foreign Office, in which
case he would have asked me to give it up to him ; to which
I replied with perfect truth, that I should have been de
lighted to do so, as my health had suffered the last time I
' Gladstone, Graham, and Sidney Herbert.

1855 REFUSES TO UNDERTAKE THE GOVERNMENT. 7
was at the Foreign Office from the anxiety and fatigue of
such a laborious place.
Palmerston has succeeded, and his Government will be
composed of all the ' old lot,' except Lord Aberdeen, the
Duke of Newcastle, and Lord John Russell.
Lord Derby's refusal to undertake the Government has
been a great disappointment and great offence to his party.
When I left him on the 1st, I never saw him more deter
mined, and I do not know what suddenly discouraged him
and made him throw up the game. The declaration of the
new Government and Lord Derby's explanation come on to
morrow, so I cannot leave London.
February 8th. — Lord Panmure is War Minister. Snow
continues, with a north-east wind and hard frost.
February 9th. — Lord Derby in his explanation last night
repeated what he said four years ago as an excuse for
refusing to take the Government — namely, ' that he could
not govern with his own party without extraneous aid.' He
praised the Peelites, talked disparagingly of his own friends,
and of course his speech this time is much more damaging
to them than the former one in 1852, for then they were
untried, and the worst that could be said was that they were
inexperienced ; but now he says (at least his words may be
so interpreted) that they have been tried and have failed.
Disraeli went the morning of his explanation, and begged
of him to say nothing against his party. In spite of this
warning he makes a long speech praising his opponents and
disparaging his friends. There is no doubt in my mind
that his bad health during the last two years, and his
physical sufferings from gout, which have been excessive.

8 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTEE. 1855
have shaken his nerve and robbed him of much of his former
courage and energy. Disraeli is in a state of disgust beyond
all control; he told me he had spoken his mind to Lord
Derby, and told him some very disagreeable truths. He
charges me, most absurdly, with being to blame for this
fiasco by leaving Lord Derby at the critical moment when
he required support and encouragement. There can be no
doubt, if the Russian War ends successfully and we take
Sebastopol, that Lord Derby wiU have missed a great oppor
tunity, and lost the glory and prestige of the Minister
(whoever he may be) who brings the war to a successful
end. That is what I would certainly have told him, had I been
present, and no more.
It seems that Lord Ellenborough was quite ready to join
us, and would have been a great addition as a colleague.
When Lord Aberdeen resigned Lord Ellenborough came up
to Lord Derby in the House of Lords and said the Queen
was sure to send for him. Lord Derby replied, ' Well, if so,
I hope you will help me.' ' Help you ! ' said Lord Ellen
borough, ' I will carry a musket for you ! ' and then added,
' But mind one thing. When you go to the Queen, do not
leave the room without kissing hands.' His master-mind
saw the necessity for firmness ; I think it was more error of
judgment than timidity, for he thought that no one but him
self could form a Government after Lord John and Lord
Palmerston had failed, and that he would come in on his
own terms. He said to me, ' I shall then be a most powerful
Minister.' February Wth, Heron Court. — The thermometer went
down to 12° last night, twenty degrees of frost. We cannot

1865 HIS REASONS FOR SO DOING. 9
help thinking of our poor soldiers in the Crimea in this
desperate weather.
February 12th. — Lord Derby and Mr. Bentinck arrived
from London. The former said that if the Conservatives
would only be patient, we should certainly be in office before
long. I forgot to mention that he had invited Gladstone to
join him, who had refused.
February Wth. — Lord Derby, Mr. Bentinck, and I went
out shooting wild-fowl. No boy of sixteen could have enjoyed
it more than Lord Derby. Eager as everybody is for this
peculiar sport, I never saw any one so keen. We killed six or
seven varieties, among which were three white-fronted geese.
February 18th. — It appears, from Lord Palmerston's
speech on the 16th, that when Lord Derby asked him to join
in forming a Government and proposed to admit Messrs.
Gladstone and Herbert into his Cabinet, that he also insisted
upon having Lord Clarendon as Foreign Secretary. If he
had agreed to this. Lord Palmerston, with these three men
and the leadership in the House of Commons, would have
been the real Premier and omnipotent in the Cabinet. Last
Friday, when Palmerston tried to persuade the House to
allow the inquiry into the state of the army to be conducted
by the Government instead of a committee of the Commons,
it laughed in his face, and men of all parties, some his own
friends, declared they would vote for the committee. The
navvies have arrived at Balaclava and have begun the rail
road. February 21st. — Lord Derby had a meeting of his party.

10 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
which, after passing a vote of confidence in him, went away
quite satisfied.
February 22nd. — Another heavy fall of snow. When is
this terrible winter coming to an end ? The papers to-day
announce the resignation of Sir James Graham, Gladstone,
and Herbert. The motives are supposed to be their un
willingness to face the committee of inquiry into the state
of the army. This conduct will, I should think, lower them
in the opinion of the country. They first refused to join
Lord Derby, and stopped Lord Palmerston, who was ready to
do so, by promising to take office under him. They thus
prevented a strong Government from being formed, and,
having induced Lord Palmerston to accept the Premiership,
on the understanding that he would have their assistance,
they now leave him in the lurch at a moment of great danger
and difficulty. Bad as Lord John's conduct was, this is a
thousand times worse.
February 25th. — The three Peelite ex-Ministers — Glad
stone, Graham, and Herbert- — have made their explanation
in the House of Commons. Lord Palmerston slept through
Gladstone's speech, and nearly broke down in his own. He
appears to be failing under the fatigue and difficulty of his
position. There is no doubt that Louis Napoleon is going to the
Crimea, in spite of the entreaties of all his Ministers and
of Lord John Russell, who is passing through Paris on
his way to Berlin and Vienna. The Russians have attacked
Eupatoria, and been repulsed by Omar Pasha and his Turks,
The Russians, commanded by Liprandi, lost 600 killed and
wounded.

1865 CANROBERT'S OPINION OF THE ENGLISH TROOPS. 1 1
Februai-y 27th. — Lord Palmerston has patched up his
Cabinet, by admitting Lord John to the Colonies and Sir
Charles Wood to the Admiralty.
March 8rd. — The Emperor Nicholas died yesterday be
tween twelve and one o'clock, at St. Petersburg, of pulmo
nary apoplexy — (query, a broken heart P) ; it was announced
in both Houses, and received with solemn silence. This
event may be of immense advantage to us, if our rulers have
the talent to profit by it, otherwise it may only serve for a
dishonourable peace.
Lord Stanley writes that Louis Napoleon objects strongly
to the committee of inquiry into the war ; and says, if it
takes place, though his army will still act on the same side
as ours, it can no longer do so along with it. He is evidently
alarmed at the laches of his own Ministers and Generals
being shown up to Europe, and endangering his position.
Palmerston is much perplexed, and will probably dissolve
Parliament as the only means of getting himself out of the
scrape of the committee of inquiry, to which he has been
forced to consent.
March 11th. — I saw Walewski yesterday, who had re
ceived a letter from General Canrobert, saying that the
English had 20,000 effective bayonets in the Crimea,
and that they were men whose equals did not exist on
the face of the earth ; men whose iron frames had resisted
every fatigue and privation, and whose courage was such
that they were invincible. He added that if those
20,000 men were his, he would not exchange them for
double the number of any troops of any nation, not even
excepting his own. He also said that our newspapers did

12 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. ^855
a great deal of harm by all the accounts given of the misery
of our troops, which are translated and read to the Rus
sian army, and, of course, encourage them to persevere m
resisting us. Prince Albert told me yesterday that it was
quite true that, when the French came to our assistance at
Inkerman, they were staggered by the Russian fire, and their
officers asked to have the remnant of the Guards brought up
for them to form upon, as they could not otherwise get their
men to advance. The Prince praised our officers in the most
enthusiastic manner.
The Queen most kindly sent Lady Canning this morning
to inquire afte;r Lady Malmesbury, who had been taken ill
during dinner at the Palace yesterday.
March 23rd.^-l have positive proof that the French
Ambassador, Walewski, throughout the late events, has
been most active in the intrigue which placed and kept Lord
Palmerston in office, both as against Lord John and Lord
Derby. The Emperor has a great admiration for him, and told me
once, ' Avec Palmerston, on peut faire des grandes choses.'
March 25th. — We went to Lady Palmerston's party ;
there was a great crowd. The Walewskis were there ; both
very reserved and awkward in their manner, which makes
me think that they are aware we know of their intrigues
against us.
March 31st. — Left London. The English and French
Governments have prevailed upon Louis Napoleon to pay a
visit to England, the main object being to prevent his going
to the Crimea, which he was bent upon. The Queen has in

1855 GOVERNMENT AND THE 'ROUGE' LEADERS. 13
consequence given them an invitation, which has been ac
cepted. Lady Tankerville called and told me she asked Lady
Palmerston yesterday whether it was true that M. Drouyn
de I'Huys's mission here was to get Lord John recalled from
Vienna. She denied it positively, saying he had come to
discuss the third point of the treaty with Austria with the
English Government, about which there are some difficulties.
Lady Palmerston complains of Count Walewski's pom
posity; she says that the airs he gives himself are quite
ridiculous, and that he was much displeased at the arrival
of M. Drouyn de I'Huys,' being also extremely hurt when
Prince Albert went to Boulogne to meet the Emperor.
April 13th, London. — I arrived from Paris, where I had
been for a week with Lord Hardwicke. Lord Lansdowne
called and told rae that the members of the Conference at
Vienna smoked a good deal, and one day M. de Bourqueney,
the French Minister, proposed to adjourn for an hour for
that purpose, upon which the Turkish Ambassador, who
had not yet opened his mouth, jumped up and supported
M. de Bourqueney's proposal. Everybody was extremely
civil to me at Paris. The Emperor as friendly as ever.
Madame Walewska called on Lady Malmesbury, and said she
should not have a moment's peace till the Emperor left
England, as she fears some attempt on his life from the
' Rouges ;' but she told her that the Government had sent
word to the principal leaders that, in the event of any
attempt being made, they would all be expelled from England.
This has frightened them so much that Ledru RoUin and
others have left London for Edinburgh, to be out of the way.
1 Drouyn de I'Huys was recalled by the Emperor, who was dissatisfied
with the result of his mission to Vienna.

14 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
When at Paris, I dined with Persigny, and had a long
conversation with him to the following effect : —
He said : ' The Emperor consults no one ; that he is inca
pable of seeing different sides of a question ; that his judg
ment is good when he does hear them. The war began
without any plan ; everything done by himself. His Cabinet
was astonished at his first announcement of an army going
to Gallipoli.' Persigny pressed a coup de main, but the Emperor went
to Varna and Adrianople instead.
'The Emperor is surrounded by flatterers. Fould, &c.,
rogues, and robbers. Present negotiations ill-conducted.
Second point (Danube) should have been discussed the last,
to keep Austria, favourable. Persigny strongly for peace,
and says France is all for it. Proposes we should return to
first objects, the safety of the Provinces and Turkey, and
fortify Constantinople. He says that, according to his sug
gestion, Kamiesh is to be fortified and a garrison left
there ; the army withdrawn either to Eupatoria or Con
stantinople. Orders have been sent for this. He says
that if the Emperor is to go to the Crimea, there must
be peace at any price to prevent it. If not, the war might
go on, but if the French army is lost, then there will be a
revolution.' ' Canrobert a very undecided man.'
' Refused to act on December 2, but obeyed orders.
Could not make up his mind which party to join.'
Persigny said that they should threaten Austria and
Prussia on the west, to push them on in a crusade against
Russia. Raise Poland and Hungary ; nothing but a crusade
could stop the destiny of Russia. If we cannot have one,
we must patch it up as he proposes for the present.

1865 FRENCH IGNORANCE AND CARELESSNESS. 15
'The Empress objects to vulgar people, and prevents
access to the Emperor.'
At the Council last year, announced attack on the Baltic.
Persigny asked if he meant Cronstadt. 'No, of course
not; it would require 100,000 men, cavalry included.' 'But
Cronstadt is an island.' ' No, it is not,' &c., and the Em
peror went for a map. Everything done with same ignorance
and carelessness. The Emperor does not work two hours
a day, and yet will order everything. Occupied with such
things as his journey to England and his Exhibition.
This conversation is characteristic of the reckless way in
which Persigny formed his opinions, and the blunt honesty
with which he expresses them.
Madame Walewska especially dreads the Emperor's visits
to the City, the Crystal Palace, and the Opera. The Em
peror and Empress arrive at Windsor next Monday.
Lord Malmesbury to Lord Derby.London: April li, 1855.
My dear Derby, — I returned yesterday from Paris, where I saw
the three ^ persons moat interested and most actively employed in the
events of the day. I had long conversations with them ; their
information was spontaneous ; and as I heard them separately and
they did not differ, I believe it to be correct and worth relating.
First, then, for Vienna.
The Allies signed a note last year pledging themselves to the
permanent dismantling of Sebastopol.
The campaign has not been such as to justify this demand.
Other alternatives, with the aamfe objects, were to be found.
Lord John Russell was sent to Vienna to discover what these
might be.
On the 12th inst. he wrote to Her Majesty's Government, stating
that the Allies must make great modifications in their demands
if they desired to meet the ' prejudices of Austria ' (' preconcerted
' The Emperor, Persigny, and Fould.

16 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
opinions '). Russia positively refused to pledge herself even to limit
the number of her ships in the Buxine, stating that Turkey might
build ships and fortresses on her coast ad Uhitum, both claiming the
right of independent nations. She admitted the general Protecto
rate of the Five Powers and the freedom of the Danube. She denied
that we had gained any advantages for the redemption of which she
should make any sacrifice of power or dignity.
Austria so far snpported this statement that she advised the
Allies to make a peace, provided Russia would agree to limit her
fleet to its present number, Turkey doing the same in the Black
Sea ; Turkey to fortify Constantinople or other places, Russia to
admit Consuls at Sebastopol and elsewhere.
Lord John heard all this without at once replying that to allow
Turkey to fortify her own coast was no favour, seeing she had a
natural right to do so, and that, although we had failed to take
Sebastopol, the Black Sea was cZe /acfo absolutely in the power of
the Allies so long as they chose to keep it, and that this was prac
tically the total annihilation of Russian supremacy in that Sea.
We had, therefore, a material advantage, which must be paid for.
The Allied Governments were much dissatisfied with Lord
John's silence, and Drouyn de I'Huys was sent to England to
settle an ultimatum. All this time the French Ministers, alarmed
at the failures of the siege, were completely panic-struck by the
idea of the Emperor's journey to the Crimea. They openly stated,
and now state, that the great Russian Question is a trifle to this
catastrophe, and that anything is preferable to it. To prevent it
any peace must be made. When Drouyn came over, Palmerston
remained firm, and was, I have no doubt, supported by the
Emperor. What the exact ultimatum is, I do not know, but it is certainly
one which Russia will not accept, and which Austria will not openly
support. I believe another campaign is inevitable. The Emperor's argu
ment is that, even should it be unsuccessful, we can retire upon a
plan of warfare which would have been, perhaps, the best at first —
namely, to withdraw our armies, have an allied force of 20,000 or
30,000 men at Constantinople, and close the Baltic and the Buxine
hermetically with our fleets. The cost would be comparatively
small, the pressure, physical and moral, upon Russia immense, and
we could hold on at this for any time.

185.-> PREPAUINC; TO WITHDRAW TIIIO A If. MY. 17
I told tho Emperor that while wo wore lu-gotiaUiiy at Viciiiiii
our Admirals ought to bo slirlling O.U's.mm, ; but ho .'^iild the war must
be carried on aci^ording to tlio ' civilised ideas of 1856.' 1 observed
that if that system was to bo followed, at least wo ought to resort
most implacably to real and universal blockade, for we had now
followed iieitlier principle. Ho moans to urg-e tlio ostabliahmont of
a Council of War at Paris, without which no cnsoiiUe eau bo
obtained in any plans which the Allies are to carry out. Henco, he
said, our misfortunes.
Now as to the theatre of war in the East. The impression is
that Sebastopol is stronger than ever on the south side, and that
our bombardment will be like the first ; but we must fire off the
material we have brought up, as it cannot be left there or carried
off. Canrobert has been ready to begin for some time, but Raglan
refuses, and will give no reason, at which both Governments are
much incensed. They suppose that he wishes to avoid a great
slaughter until he sees that the Vienna negotiations are fruit
less. Preparations are made to withdraw the army and re-embark it
so as to throw it upon another point, either of Asia or Europe, if
desirable. To effect this it has been found fea.sible to so entrench
Kamiesh as to render it impregnable. Through it the armies may
defile to the ships and re-embark safely, and leave 10,000 men to
hold it as a key to Sebastopol. This may or may not be done
under the thunder of the general bombardment.
The Emperor told me he should certainly go out to see with his
own eyes. He will have 45,000 men and the Sardinians there in
May. The Sebastopol armies are now 20,000 effective English and
70,000 French. The latter have lost 50,000 since the war.
The Emperor stays till this day week, and is very anxious that
he may be seen as much as possible in public. He is very angry
at Walewski's fright about attempts on his person.
Your reply to his paper and Ellenborongh's plan have never
reached him, and he begged me to obtain a duplicate for him. Will
you ask Ellenborough to draw up another ? As I don't know what
you sent, and how it went, I cannot act.
Pray keep this letter confidentially to yourself, Stanley excepted.
Yours, dfcc.
Malmbsbuey.
VOL. 11. 0

18 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
Api-il I6th. — Lady Ossulston, Lady Manners, my wife and
I, went to Lord Carrington's house in Whitehall to see the
Emperor of the French pass. The weather was beautiful
and bright, the streets were choked with people. The
cortege made its appearance at 6.15 p.m.; there were six
open carriages, four of them escorted by a squadron of Life
Guards, and a good many outriders in scarlet liveries. They
passed very slowly at a walk, and were enthusiastically
cheered the whole way from the South-Eastern to the
Great Western terminus. They went along Parliament
Street, Pall Mall, St. James's Street, Piccadilly, into Hyde
Park, round by the Serpentine and out by the Bayswater
Gate, thousands of people lining the road for the whole
distance. On going up St. James's Street, the Emperor was
seen to point out to the Empress the house where he formerly
lived in King Street. This was at once understood by the
crowd, who cheered louder than ever. On passing the Horse
Guards, which were exactly opposite our window, the Em
peror stood up in his carriage and saluted the colours, and
was of course immensel}' cheered. His reception was cer
tainly a triumphant one.
April 1 7th. — The Emperor's passage across the Channel
yesterday, though very smooth, was not a safe one, owing to
the dense fog, and they were near running on shore on
the South Foreland. Captain Smithett fortunately piloted the
' Pelican,' which conveyed them, and got her safe alongside
the new pier ; but the French man-of-war, the ' Austerlitz,'
went ashore three miles east of Dover.
It is reported that Russia refuses our propositions.
April 18th.— We are invited to Windsor, and, after dining

1855 QUEEN, EMPEROR, AND I'LMrUESS. 19
at my brother's, started for the Castle at nine. The special
train with the London party had not yet arrived. We all
waited in the Waterloo Oluunber, which was prepared for
music. The Queen, Emperor, and Empress, with the royal
family, their suites, and those invited to the banquet, en
tered soon after ten, and seated themselves without speaking
to anyone. As soon as the music was over, the company
pass'ed before the Queen and Emperor. Lady Malmesbury
was afterwards presented by Madame Walewska to the
Empress, who spoke to her very kindly. The fatigue of the
journey, and all she had gone through since, made her look
very delicate, and yesterday she was unable to appear at
dinner in St. George's Hall.
We left at twelve ; found the special train ready at the
station, and reached home at half -past one. The Queen had
arranged everything herself — made out the lists of invita
tions for both parties at Windsor and the concert for to
morrow at Buckingham Palace. Very few, except Cabinet
Ministers, are asked twice. Even Lady Breadalbane, who is
one of the Court, was invited only for the evening party last
night, and had to sleep at a pastrycook's, there being no
room at the Castle.
April 19th. — We went at five o'clock to the French
Embassy, where Lady Malmesbury was presented to the
Emperor ; the whole Corps Diplomatique were there, and in
the state of fuss they always exhibit whenever any function
is going on, each one being apparently afraid of his prece
dence being usurped. The Emperor and Empress received
us very cordially. Both looked tired with their day's work,
having come in the morning from Windsor, gone to the
C 2

20 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
Mansion House, then to this reception ; and to-night a great
dinner at the Palace, and the Opera to go through.
April 21st. — We gave a dinner to Lady Ailesbury, Lady
Glengall, Lord and Lady Lyndhurst, the Ossulstons, Lord
Bath, Lord Somerton, Lord A. FitzClarence, and Colonel
Macdonald. I suppose they were amused, as they stayed till
twelve o'clock. Lord Adolphus told me that the leave-taking
this morning, when the Emperor and Empress left, was most
touching. Everybody cried, even the suite. The Queen's
children began, as the Empress had been very kind to them
and they were sorry to lose her, and this set off the Empress
and maids of honour.
April 2ith. — The Conferences at Vienna are broken ofi',
and Lord John Russell and M. Drouyn de I'Huys have left
on their return home. It is surprising that the Russians
should have refused the last proposition, which was to
exclude all ships of war from the Black Sea ; as they might
have built any number of ships and collected a force there
without anyone knowing it.
April 2oth. — Lord Palmerston announced last night that
Lord John had left Vienna, and that M. Drouyn de I'Huys
remained there only for another day. I spoke in the House
of Lords, disapproving the terms offered to Russia, and
saying that I could not believe the first alternative offered,
that the ' Russian naval force in the Black Sea should
henceforth be limited by treaty,' had proceeded from Lord
Clarendon or Palmerston, but that I imagined it to be an
Austrian proposition. Lord Clarendon did not deny this in
his reply, or attempt in any way to vindicate the proposals.

1S55 'ONE THING AT A TIME.' 2\
but declined a discussion, as the only iiiformati(m tho Go
vernment possessed had come by telegraph ; but he added
that negotiations were adjourned s/oe (//V, which sounds like a
complete failure.
April 27th. — Lord Derby returned to-day from New
market, so full of his racing that he could think and talk of
nothing else, and knew nothing of the last week's events ;
and when I alluded to our propositions at the Vienna Con
ference having been rejected by Russia, asked, ' What pro
positions ? ' — evidently not having looked at a newspaper for
the whole week. Such is the character of this remarkable
man, who has the habit and power of concentrating his
whole mind upon the subject which occupies him at the
moment, and dismissing it totally, with equal facility. He
is very fond of using the expression, ' One thing at a time.'
April 29th. — The Emperor Louis Napoleon has been shot
at whilst walking in the Champs Elysees. The assassin
approached quite close to him, but missed, and was imme
diately arrested.
May 1st. — I never recollect such a bitter 1st of May;
even the sweeps could not stand it.
May 6th. — Lord Seymour, who is on the Sebastopol Com
mittee, says it will last another fortnight. They are to
examine Lord Hardinge and Mr. Sidney Herbert, and the
Duke of Newcastle is going to the Crimea. I should have
thought it the last place he would have chosen for a tour of
pleasure, considering the obloquy with which his name is
mentioned there. I went this morning to Lord Derby's to

22 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
meet Lord Ellenborough, and we settled to make an attack
upon the Government to-morrow week, in the form of an
Address to the Queen, praying Her Majesty to dismiss her
Ministers in consequence of our want of confidence in their
policy. I did not myself approve of it, for I think Lord Derby
ought either to have taken the Government last February, or,
having refused to do so, he ought not to try to turn out the
present one, which, under great dif&culties, has not held
office long enough to justify a judgment being passed upon
their conduct of the war.
May 8th. — Count Walewski is made Minister for Foreign
Affairs, and M. de Persigny comes to England as Ambas
sador. May 11th. — It has been decided to give Madame Wa
lewska a bracelet, and the four following ladies are to choose
it: Shelburne,Mandeville, Sydney, and Malmesbury. Norman
Macdonald is to manage the whole thing. He was rather
offended at my saying that he was to be ' foreman of a jury
of matrons.' May 12th. — Lord Palmerston has tried to parry Lord
Ellenborough's motion in the House of Lords by promising
reforms in the Ordnance, Commissariat, and Medical depart
ments of the army. A sham attack on the Government by
Major Reed was made, to enable him to do so ; but Disraeli's
clever reply showed them both up. At the same time, I
think that the result of his speech will be to induce all
connected with the army to vote against Lord Ellenborough,
as they will be pleased at Lord Palmerston's statement, that

18.-).j SPEECIIl'S IN THE HOUSE OF LORDS. 2.3
for the patronngo of the army to be dispeiisod by a member
of the Government of the day would bean arrangement, open
to serious objections.
A subscription to Madame Walewska.'s bracelet has raised
a sum of 130Z., which is sufficient to get a tolerably hand
some one ; and the committee meets to-morrow at Lans
downe House to choose one from Ema-uuers.
I went to the House of Lords. The Peeresses' Gallery
was quite full. Before the debate began every seat was
taken by ladies. Lord Ellenborough's speech was below the
expectation, and fell fiat. Lord Panmure spoke well, but
did not answer a single point of Lord Ellenborough's speech.
Lord Granville's contained little worthy of notice, except the
assertion that the Howards had such wonderful faculties of
increase that they were as numerous as the Smiths. Lord
Elgin's was remarkable for its spitefulness, and Lord Win-
chilsea's for its injudiciousness. Lord Derby's was excellent.
But throughout the whole debate it struck me that we had
no case, and that the attack was not on the present Govern
ment, but on the last. We were beaten by a majority of
110. The Government had 115 present and 66 proxies; we
71 present and no proxies, our men not having understood
that the Government meant to call them. The number of
ladies who attended the debate created great displeasure
among the Peers. Lord Ellenborough said it had made him
nervous; and Lord Lyndhurst positively refused to speak,
saying that the House looked like a casino and not like a
place where business is tra,nsacted. Lord Redesdale was
also very angry, as the ladies overflowed from the gallery into
the House ; this invasion will, I fear, lead to more strin
gent and less agreeable arrangements in future. We went
to Madame Walewska's farewell party.

24 MRMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
May 18th. — We went to see the presentation of the medals
to the officers and men who have served in the Crimea and
are invalided or wounded. Lord Panmure sent us tickets
for the Ministers' stand. The weather was beautiful. It
was really a most glorious and touching sight. The Queen
arrived exactly at eleven, and took her place on a platform
raised three steps, in the centre of the Parade; and the
officers and soldiers, headed by the Duke of Cambridge,
Lords Lucan and Cardigan, passed in single file, each re
ceiving a medal from her own hands as he went by. I never
saw finer-looking men, which was the more remarkable as
they were not picked men. Many had lost an arm, and some
were still lame from their wounds. I now understand how
seven or eight thousand of these men could resist the whole
Russian army at Inkerman. Sir Thomas Troubridge was
drawn past the Queen in a Bath-chair, having lost both his
feet ; and I hear that she appointed him her aide-de-camp
herself, as she gave him the medal.
After the ceremony. Lady Seymour, whom I met, told me
that Mrs. Norton, talking about it to Lord Panmure, asked
' Was the Queen touched ? ' ' Bless my soul, no ! ' was the
reply. ' She had a brass railing before her, and no one
could touch her.' Mrs. Norton then said, ' I mean, was she
moved ? ' ' Moved ! ' answered Lord Panmure, ' she had no
occasion to move ! ' Mrs. Norton then gave it up in de
spair. May 26th. — The Emperor Napoleon has superseded
General Canrobert, and appointed General Pelissier as
Commander-in-Chief. He has begun well by storming
the entrenched Russian camp near the Quarantine Bas
tion.

1S55 CONFERENCES OF VIENNA CLOSED. 25
May 27//(.— Went to Heron Court, Parliament having
adjourned to June t.
May 29th, Heron Court.— Kevtch was taken on May 24,
by General Sir George Brown. The Russians destroyed
three steamers, thirty transports, and 620,000 sacks of grain.
We took thirty transports with their cargoes, and the whole
loss of the Russians is calculated at a million sacks of corn,
which is almost irreparable to them, as we possess the undis
puted command of the Sea of Azof and of the mouths of the
Don, down which the greatest part of the produce of the
interior is carried.
June 6th. — Lords Clarendon and Palmerston have an
nounced that the Conferences of Vienna are closed.
June 8th. — I went to the annual Eton dinner, being
chairman. June 9th. — Sir Francis Baring's motion, assuring the
Queen of the support of Parliament during the war, was
carried unanimously. In the debate. Lord Palmerston did
not spare Gladstone, Sidney Herbert, and Sir James Graham,
and said that when in the Cabinet they had approved of the
very conditions of peace which they now denounced — namely,
the ' limitation of the Russian fleet in the Black Sea.' To
this they made no answer.
June 12th. — The London bank of Paul and Co. has failed,
and many people in society have lost large sums.
June 13th. — Our losses in the attack upon the Gravel Pits

26 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
at Sebastopol, June 7, are very severe— eleven officers killed
and forty wounded, 730 men killed and wounded.
June 15th.~We dined with the Elys. Young Lady Ely
was sent for unexpectedly by the Queen, so the Dowager did
the honours. The party consisted of the Derbys, Claren
dons, Londesboroughs, Lyndhursts, Persigny, and Colonel
Forester. Lord Clarendon and Lord Derby chaffed each
other all through dinner, which made it very lively for
everybody except poor Persigny, who does not understand
English. June I6th. — A most atrocious act has been committed by
the Russians at Hango, in the Baltic. A boat from her
Majesty's ship ' Cossack,' with three officers and twelve men,
landed under a flag of truce with some Russian prisoners.
The Russians fired upon them, killing all except one man,
their own countrymen included. This is of a piece with
their shooting their wounded enemies, which many did at
Inkerman. June I9th. — Mr. Layard's motion on administrative re
form was rejected last night by a majority of 313. Lord
Palmerston adopted Sir Edward Lytton's amendment, by
which he probably saved the Government from defeat. Sir
Charles Wood gave an account in the House of Commons of
the massacre of the ' Cossack's ' boat's crew by the Russians.
Two officers and fourteen men landed at Hango with seven
Finnish prisoners ; the flag of truce was hoisted and must
have been visible long before the boat reached shore, but the
Russians allowed her to approach without any warning, and
the officers landed with the flag and the prisoners. The

1S5.5 MASSACRE OF THE 'COSSACK'S' BOAT'S CREW, 27
Russians, who were concealed behind rocks, suddenly came
out, to the number of three or four hundred, and surrounded
our men. The officer who commanded them spoke in English,
and, in reply to Lieutenant Geneste, said he did not care for
the flag of truce, and immediately gave orders for his nion
to fire, which they did, killing with the first volley our two
officers and the seven prisoners. They then fired into the
boat, killing everybody except two men, one of Avliom
shammed dead and by that means escaped to tell the tale.
The other, who was slightly wounded, they dragged out and
bayonetted on the pier. The commander of the ' Cossack,'
finding the cutter did not return, sent the gig in search of
her, and found her moored close to the jetty with some dead
bodies in her, and some people on shore making signs to
them to land. Had they done so they would have shared
the same fate as their comrades.
June 20th.- -The report of the Sebastopol Committee was
brought up and read in the House of Commons. It is in
some respects very fair, though evidently making the best of
the case for the late Government. Severe censure is passed
upon Lord Raglan for continuing Mr. Ward in his office of
purveyor for the hospitals at Scutari after he had been
pronounced unfit for his post. This is very unfair, when
many others in responsible situations have been left in the
exercise of their duties without any such censure being
passed upon those who ought to have dismissed them and
did not do so.
June 22nd. — Very bad news from the Crimea. The
Fi-ench and English attacked the Malakoff Tower and the
Redan on the 18th, and were repulsed with great loss. No

28 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 185
particulars are yet known. The Russian account of th(
Hango massacre confirms ours in some degree, saying tha
the officers are alive, though wounded and prisoners.
June 25th.^A list is published of the officers killed oi
June 18, or who died of their wounds. It amounts to nine.
teen names. The principal officers killed are — General Sir
John Campbell ; Colonel Yeo, 7th Regiment ; Colonel Shad
forth, 57th. Among the captains is Lord Somerton's bro.
ther. Captain Agar. It appears that Strahan and Paul's
bank has been insolvent for the last six years, that they have
been trading upon the capital of their customers, and kepi
up appearances so well that no suspicion was entertained ol
the state of their affairs, and when the crash came it tool
everybody by surprise and has ruined hundreds. I heai
that Mrs. Gore has lost 20,OOOL, but I hope the rumour is
untrue, for she is a very generous woman.
June 26th. — It was almost decided at a meeting lasl
Saturday at Disraeli's to support Mr. Roebuck's motior
censuring the late Government. Disraeli, of course, takes
this view ; and Sir John Pakington, though not for it him
self, says that the great majority of the party are so. It was
decided to consult Lord Derby.
June 29th. — Sickness in the army is increasing. Generals
Pennefather, Codrington, and Brown are all ill ; and Lore
Raglan himself has been attacked by cholera.
June 30th. — The evening papers announce the sad newi
of the death of Lord Raglan, which took place on the 28th
the failure of the attack on the Malakoff had such an effec

1855 DE.U'II OF LORD RAULAN— HIS CHARACTER. 29
upon him that it incieasod his malady, and certainly con
tributed to its fatal issue. He was unconscious for the last
four hours. I knew him well, and cannot recollect a finer
character. He was the Duke's right-hand man through
the Peninsular war, and was greatly esteemed by him.
Handsome and high-bred in person, and charming in
society, he was one of the most popular of its members.
He was remarkable for his coolness under fire, and St.
Ariiaud, in his famous despatch after the battle of the Alma,
says of him : ' II avait toujours ce meme calme qui ne le
quitte jamais.' I never saw anything like the grief and
consternation amongst military men.
July 1st. — General Simpson is appointed in Lord Raglan's
place. He served in the Peninsula and in India; but he
inspires no confidence, as he is old and broken.
July 7th, Heron Court. — Lord John Russell made a curious
statement in the House of Commons, saying plainly that
his opinions were quite at variance with those of the rest of
the Cabinet respecting the war, and yet he keeps his place.
He seems to be conducting himself in the same manner he
did last Christmas ; for now that he has returned from
Vienna, and found the Government would not support his
views, he evidently gave way, as he said nothing in Parlia
ment to induce anyone to believe that his opinions respecting
the war were not in accordance with theirs, and apparently
acted in pe-rfect harmony with his colleagues. At that time
our prospects in the Crimea were favourable, and the Govern-
meut and the war popular. Now, we have had a reverse ;
the Government is in some degree shaken by it, and he
chooses this moment to make an explanation respecting the

30 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
Vienna Conference, and the part he took in favour of peace
— a statement which must damage the Government in public
opinion, by showing that upon such an important question
as peace or war the Ca.binet is not united. His object is of
course perfectly clear — namel}^ to turn them out and come
in himself as a peace Minister. All parties are abusing him
at the clubs for his speech, the object of which is evident to
everybody. July \2th. — Lord Derby, before he left London, settled
with Disraeli, without any communication with the rest of
his party, to turn out the Government. Many of them would
have disapproved of it under present circumstances. Sir
Edward Lytton's motion is to be against Lord John Eussell,
and is fixed for next Monday.
After the way in which he has shown himself up, declar
ing first for war, then for peace, then again for war, our
party is forced to bring forward a motion of censure on him
and want of confidence in him, or else they must abdicate
their position. If the Government chooses to sacrifice Lord
John, they may retain office, but if they take the high line
and support him, and Sir Edward Lytton carries his motion,
they must of course resign ; and then there is no one left
but Lord Derby for Prime Minister. There is, however,
little doubt that Lord Palmerston has secured the Irish
Brigade by promising to vote for the fourteenth clause of
the Tenants' Rights Bill (which was rejected by the House
of Commons) if anyone proposes its reinsertion. A de
putation waited upon him to ask him to do so. Mr.
Malins introduced the subject on Friday in the House. Lord
Palmerston could not deny the fact of a deputation having
waited upon him, and of his having promised them his vote.

lSo5 A MOST RUDE AND ABUSIVE LETTER. 31
but he of course denied having received any promise from
them in return, and refused even to mention their names.
The feeling of the House was strongly against his explana
tion. Lord Hardinge told me that Lord Panmure, soon after
he took office as War Minister, wrote the most rude and
abusive letter to Lord Raglan. He showed a copy of it to
the Cabinet and to Lord Hardinge, who told him he had
never seen such a letter written to an officer of Lord Raglan's
rank ; indeed, that it was quite unfit to be sent to any officer
in Her Majesty's service. Lord Panmure wanted him to
keep a copy at the Horse Guards, but Lord Hardinge
refused, and added, that he would not even have it said that
he had ever put such a letter in his pocket. Lord Raglan
never sent any reply. The Duke of Newcastle had also
written him a very sharp reprimand ; and Avhen the Duke
left office and was preparing to go to the Crimea, he wrote
Lord Raglan an apology, saying he hoped he would forgive
the letter which he had previously written, as it had not
been dictated by any hostile feeling, but entirely from a
sense of the duties of his position. Lord Raglan returned
no answer, but it is well known that he felt deeply the way
in which he was treated by the Government and the Press,
and nothing but the highest possible sense of duty could
have induced him to submit to all these insults and injuries,
remain in command of the army, share their sufferings, and
finally die at his post without a word of complaint or a
murmur ever having escaped his lips.
July 14th. — Lord John Russell sent his resignation to
the Queen yesterday, several members of the Government
(though not in the Cabinet) having announced that they
could not vote against Sir Edward Lytton's motion. Lord

32 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
Palmerston probably got them to make this declaration to
force Lord John to resign, and also to show how determined
the Government is on the war question.
July 17th. — Sir E. Lytton, after making a long and
clever speech, withdrew his motion in consequence of Lord
John's resignation. Lord Palmerston was weaker than usual.
Disraeli spoke well, and cut him up unmercifully, but in
a gentlemanlike manner. Roebuck made a violent speech
against the Government, but, of course, as the motion was
withdrawn, all this is mere talk without any result for the
present. It will probably have one in the future and upset
the Government, unless they have the good fortune to obtain
some great military success. This debate has shown the
country that some members of the Government were ready
to accept the Austrian proposition for peace, brought back
from Vienna by Lord John Russell, had not the French
Emperor objected. And this opposition of Louis Napoleon's
is the ' unforeseen circumstance ' so often alluded to in the
course of the debate. Disraeli taxed them openly with the
intention of making peace, and asserted that their not doing
so was in consequence of the Emperor's disagreement, which
was clearly proved by his recall of his Ambassador, M.
Drouyn de I'Huys, from Vienna. Neither Lord Palmerston
nor any of his colleagues said one word in contradiction
of this statement.
Juli/ 20th. — Mr. Roebuck's motion of censure has been
negatived by 289 to 182.
July 22nd. — Government have only carried the Turkish
loan by a majority of three, and six Derbyites voted with

1855 RUSSIANS DEFEATED ON THE TCHERNAYA. 33
them. It appears to me a great mistake to entrust five
millions to the disposal of a Pasha for the payment of the
Turkish troops, as it is pretty certain that the soldiers will
see little of it.
Aiigust 9th. — Left London, via Glasgow, for Achuacarry.
From Glasgow we took the ' lona ' steamer, the largest I
have yet seen on this line, to Corpac. It was such a dark
night that the servant was obliged to hold up the lantern
the whole way before the horses. Just after we had passed
Gierlochy, we were stopped by my keeper, who made us all
get out, as a bridge had fallen in ; without him we should
infallibly have gone over into a very deep burn. My servants,
too, had a very dangerous journey by sea, their steamer
having run aground between Aberdeen and Inverness ; they
saved their lives, but lost all their luggage and some of ours.
August 21st, Achnacarry. — News has arrived of a battle
having been fought on the 16th, on the Tchernaya, between
the Russians and the French and Sardinians, which ended
in the total defeat of the former. The party here consists of
Lord Hardwicke and his daughters, Mr. Barrington, Lord
Ranelagh, and Colonel Knox.
Lady Mary Yorke is in the height of her beauty.
September 14<th. — News has arrived, with a list of the
officers killed and wounded in the assault on Sebastopol on
September 8, amounting to near 150, but without any par
ticulars. September 17th. — We had an extraordinary day's sport
at Achnacarry, by driving Gerraran Wood, killing six stags.
Mr. Barrington shot three, I two, and Colonel Knox one.
VOL. II. D

34 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
Two of them took to the loch, and were chased by the boat.
A most exciting day's sport, which the ladies witnessed.
September 24th. — General Simpson's despatch of the 9th
is published, and though he evidently does his best to soften
the truth, there is no concealing the fact that our troops
made a signal failure in storming the Redan on the 8th. It
is evident that our bombardment was very weak, whilst that
of the French was tremendous. Our arrangements were
defective, and great confusion prevailed. Pelissier's and
Niel's despatches do full justice to the bravery of our troops,
who kept the Redan for nearly two hours, and were only
forced to retreat from its being quite open at the back, which
enabled the Russians to bring large bodies of men up in
succession. A long list of our killed and wounded, which
exceeds that of Inkerman, shows that they behaved most
gallantly. The French themselves admit that our task was
the most difficult one, as we had 200 yards of open ground
to cross before we could reach the Redan. The Malakoff,
which Pelissier took, was within twenty yards of the assault
ing party, composed of 10,000 men with 8,000 in reserve,
whilst ours were less than half that number.
October 17th. — The Russians have had a severe defeat at
Kars. They attempted to storm the town, but were repulsed,
with the loss of 4,000 men, by General Williams and the
Hungarian Klapka and Captain Teesdale.
Lord Malmesbury to Lord Stanley.
Achnacarry : October 21, 1855.
My dear Stanley, — As the question of making peace or going
on with the war is agitating the public mind, I venture to give
you mine on the subject.

1855 WHO SHOULD HOLD THE CRIMEA. 35
Having all my life been told and felt that Russia intended to
conquer Turkey and tho Baltic kingdoms some day or other, I was
not surprised at Menschikoff 's mission and the subsequent invasion
of Turkey on a frivolous pretext. Having the help of France, I
thought the time come when we could successfully save Turkey
from this invasion, and perhaps prevent Russia from attempting, for
many years to come, these attacks, which she has made periodically,
and invariably to her benefit, four or five times during this century.
We have of course succeeded in m.j first object, but not yet in my
second. This latter security cannot, 1 think, be really obtained,
unless you divest Russia of the Crimea and Bessarabia, and make
the Black Sea a peaceful lake Uke our North American ones. I don't
think the Sardinian idea ' absurd.' Whoever has the Crimea must
be assisted in holding it by a guarantee of the other Powers, just as
Belgium is now protected from France and Holland ; and there is
this advantage, that the Sardinians would more than any people
civilise and make the Crimea a commercial land. They would
excite less hatred in Russia than the Turks, and less jealousy among
us than Austria, which, by the way, I consider out of the question.
The Genoese once held a good part of the Crimea. The objection
I see to this is that the Straits might be closed to Sardinia by the
Turk himself. On the whole, therefore, it might be better to give
it to the Sultan nnder guarantee, and when he had this Tartar pro
vince proclaim the independence of the Principalities. It is, how
ever, rather absurd disposing of the Crimea, which we have not yet
conquered ; and it is for this reason that I cannot think of a peace
at this moment. With half Sebastopol in our hands, but which we
dare neither leave nor live in, with a large army in our frojit un
defeated, I do not understand how a country like England (leave
alone France) could be the first to propose a peace to Russia.
I give you my worthless opinion as if I were the independent
Minister of an absolute sovereign, untrammelled by Parliaments or
parties ; and this makes a great difference, because in England there
is always a party ready to get into oflSce upon the inevitable un
popularity which war, however just and right, must bring at last.
This unavoidable weariness will come some day. I doubt, however,
if it be arrived yet. Doubtless, Disraeli and Walpole, both men
averse by their physical bias to aught like war, are against pro
ceeding with this one. Then you have pseudo-Russians, like
Granby and Claud Hamilton— but I can't see any reaction. The
d2

36 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
Conservative party in the country are for it, and all the press, except
' The Press.' But ' The Press ' only carps and asks questions,
and proposes no solution. Nor do I think yon can have one such
as I have described, ensuring us from Russo-Turkish expeditions,
until you have taken from her the Crimea and Bessarabia.
Depend upon it Napoleon had projects about Poland, but I
think they have faded away. What I fear is that, the war over,
he cannot withdraw his armies without having something material
to show his countrymen. Whether he might take Candia or
Cyprus, as a reward for having restored the Crimea to the Turk
and set him on his legs, 1 don't know, but I can't see who would
or could prevent him. Perhaps it would not much signify to us,
as we hold our own at sea. When the time arrives at which we
may reasonably think that Russia's lower limbs are completely
crippled, it may require a great deal of courage to persuade
Napoleon that enough has been done ; but my belief is that he
would not like to reduce Russia too low.
If we had had a really wise Minister at the beginning of the war,
he would have gladly taken advantage of Napoleon's wish to take all
the land work himself and give us all the water work. We should
then have strengthened our fleets, and employed thousands of
sailors, who must always be ourmiUbary counterpoise to the system
of Continental Conscript hosts. Russia's navy would have been half
destroyed as now, and France's not so materially increased and
improved ; and whilst we were following an effective policy against
Russian aggression, we should have been establishing for future
days our maritime supremacy over every one. As it is, we have
shown the world that what Napier says is true — ' We are a war
like, but not a military people.'
I do not think the time come for peace, or that we could obtain
a solid one.
I do not think that this country believes that the time has
arrived. I am convinced that our party would make a most false
and unpopular move if, in a November Parliament, they followed
Gladstone's line. Tours, &c. Malmesbury.
October 24th. — Left Achnacarry for Chillingham.
November lOth.—The Duke of Newcastle has been tele-

1855 A VULGAR AND COARSE KING. 37
graphed for from the Crimea, to offer him the Colonial De
partment, Lord Stanley having refused it. This has placed
the Government in difficulties, as they did not expect it.
November 13th.— 1 went to Paris with George Harris. I
find the French are getting heartily sick of the war ; their
finances are in a very bad state. Madame Walewska is
enceinte. November 23rd, Paris. — I dined at the Tuileries. The
Emperor was very friendly, and talked to me full an hour ;
the Empress looking very handsome, and all appearances
concealed by the large dresses now worn.
November 29th. — The King of Sardinia, who is here, is as
vulgar and coarse as possible. He said to the Empress :
' On me dit que les danseuses fran9aises ne portent pas de
cale9ons. Si c'est comme cela, ce sera pour moi le paradis
terrestre.' Mr. Disraeli to Lord M.
Hughenden : November 30, 1855.
My dear M., — It is very provoking to have missed you, and only
by an hour !
It seems to me that a party that has shrunk from the respon
sibility of conducting a war would never be able to carryon ah
opposition against a Minister for having concluded an unsatis
factory peace, however bad the terms.
We are off the rail of politics, and must continue so as long as
the war lasts ; and the only thing that can ever give us a chance is
that the war should finish, and on the terms which may be now prac
ticable. Then we shall, at least, revert to the position we occupied
before the fatal refusal to take the reins last February, which lost
us the heart and respect of all classes.
As a general rule, silence and inactivity should be our tactics ;
but anything which indicates a desire to conclude the war on

38 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
honourable terms in this country assists the Emperor and distracts
and enfeebles Palmerston, who cares for nothing but his immediate
career. I should like very much to know, whether the opinion you have
formed as to the probable result of the negotiations is shared by
WalewsJci and Co. Send me a line if you can. Tours ever, D.
December 5th. — I returned to London. I was presented
to the King of Sardinia by Prince Albert, who told him that
I was an ' ancien Ministre des Affaires Etrangeres.' ' A
quelle epoque ? ' answered the King. I said, ' In 1 852, under
Lord Derby's Government.'
The King replied : ' Que faites-vous a present ? ' To
which the Prince said : ' II fait de I'Opposition, car il faut
toujours faire quelque chose dans ce pays.' ' Ah,' replied the
King, ' done, vous etes oppose a mon voyage en Angleterre,
et a mon alliance ? ' To Lord Clarendon, whom the Prince
presented as the present Minister for Foreign Affairs, his
Majesty said, ' J'ai entendu parler de vous ; ' adding, ' C'est
fini ' — which, in plain English, means ' Be off, I've nothing
more to say.' Mr. Sidney Herbert to Lord M.
Wilton : December 8, 1855.
My dear Fitz, — A thousand thanks for your letter. I have no
doubt you are right as to the facts of the case of the French line-of-
battle ships passing the Castles ; indeed you are sure to be so as
having been cognisant of them, which I was not. I alluded to it
only as, if true (which you show it is not), being one of the many
evidences of the disposition of France to make political capital in
the East by establishing French influence, and possibly acquiring
rights if not territory. What with the campaigns of Napoleon in
Egypt, the capitulations of Francis I., and even old St. Louis
and Tunis, the French have a traditional field for ambition in the
East. But they have not the same interests in the East that Russia

1855 AUSTRO-TURCO BARBARISM. 39
has, and wo have, therefore, far less to apprehend in that quarter
from her than from Russia.
Every country situated as Russia is will encroach on its neigh
bours if not prcuenfcd. Her relations with Circassia, Georgia,
Persia, are the samo as ours with Rangoon, Scinde, the Sikhs, and
Oude. The stronger and more civilised necessarily absorb the
weaker and more barbarous ; but Russia, as compared with us, has
this to her disadvantage, that one of those provinces, though bar
barous and Asiatic in religion and habits, is partly European in
geography, and we in Europe won't allow the process of absorption
to go on. The public here are right in thinking of Russian aggres
sion, but wrong in attributing it to a wonderful foresight, skill, and
design. The Russians are just as great fools as other people ; but
they encroach as we encroach in India, Africa, and everywhere 
because we can't help it. We, however, have an interest in pre
venting her, and by a combination of circumstances we have the
power. We have rightly and justly availed ourselves of it, and we
may flatter ourselves that we have, for a generation at least, put a
check upon it ; more than that we can't say.
Now, as you say, we must not form our opinions from an incorrect
view of facts. So I must correct one opinion of yours — namely
that I hold that a Russian is better for us than a French alliance •
and that it arises from my having a natural bias in favour of
Russia. Now I have no bias in favour of Russia, but the contrary,
arising from the natural bias of my mind in favour of a liberal
policy. I don't mean I am in favour of intervention to set up
Brummagem constitutions, such as Palmerston and John Russell
talk about but are too wise to act upon ; but I mean that the Rus
sian system and politics are the opposite of ours, and do by their
intervention arrest the progress of good government in Europe.
Russia is not in these days a possible ally for us, in the sense in
which you use the word when talking of a French alliance.
I, from my Russian connection, have heard and known more of
their interior and exterior policy than the generality of people here.
I recollect your grandfather's letters well, and I believe the old
Duke and Aberdeen were right in 1827-8 (I am not sure of the
date), when they would have resisted the march on Adrianople,
but Palmerston and the Whigs, who were then still full of Phil-
Hellenism, and were intriguing with the Princess Lieven to turn
the Duke out, succeeded in preventing any move in that direction.
Palmerston, 1 think, called it Austro-Turco barbarism.

40 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1855
Had I held their views I could not have been a member of Lord
Aberdeen's Government, nor advocated in the Cabinet the cement
ing in every way the French alliance and striking the blow at
Russia. I felt that it must come sooner or later, and that no such oppor
tunity would probably ever again recur.
France is the obvious ally for England, for many reasons. I do
not know that I can select a better one from among them than that
she is the only country who, if on bad terms, can injure us. There
is no other nation we need fear. But there are other and less selfish
reasons, which I need not enumerate to yon.
My only fear is lest the too long continuance of a state of
things bringing us into daily communication, and requiring neces
sarily great mutual forbearance and much give-and-take, should
end in jealousy or coolness. I think it of paramount importance
to England, with a view to the future, to end the war before any
one of the Allies is tired of it, and before France begins to ask
whether she is making sacrifices for her own honour or at our
instance. I want to secure all that we have got, and all we have
gained, and to lose none of the ulterior advantages if possible.
Now, with this full explanation, I do not think there is much
difference between us. I feel some remorse at the length of the
letter, but console myself by reflecting that you brought it on your
own head. Believe me, &c.
Sidney Hekbeet.
December 17th. — The news of the fall of Kars is confirmed.
General Williams, his staff, nine pashas, and the whole
garrison are prisoners of war. They were obliged to sur
render from starvation, but not until they had eaten their
horses and even the cats and dogs in the town.
January 18th, 1856. — The Russians have accepted the
Austrian ultimatum without reservation, which Lord
Palmerston announced at Lady E. Hay's wedding.
December 28th. — A triumphal reception was given at
Christchurch to Admiral Sir Edmund Lyons, who, it appears,
was born there.

185C ARE LIFE PEERAGES LEGAL? 41

1856
From Lord Derby to Lord M. {on the Life Peerages Question).
Knowsley: January 19, 1856.
The Peerage is a very grave constitutional question ; and I am
not at all surprised to learn from what quarter the coup has pro
ceeded. I am engaged in examining the case. In spite of Lord
Coke's dictum, the legality is very doubtful ; and the exercise of a
prerogative which has been dormant for 300 years, and that with
out the slightest necessity, cannot be passed over without notice.
My present idea is that, even before the Speech is read, we should
give notice of moving for the Letters Patent ; that in moving for
them we should challenge the Government to justify their excuse,
and then be guided by their tone and the feeling of the House as
to a subsequent address to the Crown. We must discuss this
matter when we meet ; and I propose to have a small meeting of
members of both Houses at my house at 2 p.m. on the Wednesday,
which I hope you will be able to attend. Ever yours sincerely,
Deebt.
The Earl of Malmesbury.
From Lord St. Leonards to Lord M. {on the Life Peerages
Question) .
Carlton Club: January 21, 1856.
My dear Lord, — I was unluckily obliged to come to town this
wet day.
Tou might be sure that the Government have a good deal to
say upon the question of legality, and Parke himself is no doubt
satisfied on that head. But I agree with you, the policy of this
step, if legal, is one that must be discussed — in what shape Lord
Derby will, I suppose, decide. Probably a committee might be
appointed, in the first instance, although we all know pretty well
what they are.
I hope to be at Lord Derby's dinner.

42 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1856
Our friends the French will get into a scrape if this finessing
should lead to any real difficulty. I always thought that they
would look to indemnity ' in some shape. Ever yours sincerely, St. Leonards.
February 12th. — The Government have not given way on
the question of the Life Peerage, and Lord Lyndhurst has
announced that he will move to-day, ' That the House resolve
itself into a Committee of Privilege.'
February 16th. — Lord and Lady Clarendon leave London
to-day for the Paris Conference. Briinnow affects the
greatest ignorance of the Czar's intentions, saying that
Orloff ^ is the only man who knows what they are.
February Wth. — The further consideration of the Wensley-
dale Life Peerage is put off until the 22nd, to give Lords
Lyndhurst, Brougham, and Campbell time for further inves
tigations as to precedents ; but the result at present is
that Lord Wensleydale has no right to his seat in the House
of Lords. February 23rd. — Yesterday, in the House of Lords, Lord
Glenelg moved, ' That the following questions be referred to
the Judges : — " Is it in the power of the Crown to create by
patent the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom for
life ? and what privileges does such a grant confer ? " ' The
House divided. Majority against the motion, 31. The
House then resolved itself into a Committee of Privileges,
and Lord Lyndhurst moved his resolution embodying the
report of the Committee, which denies the validity of the
' Savoy. ^ The Russian plenipotentiary at the Conference.

1856 ABOLITION OF CHURCH RATES. 43
patent of Lord Wensleydale, so far as it gives him the right
to sit and vote in Parliament.
Febrimry 24th. — The Comtesse de la Force has been
murdered in her house in the Champs Elysees by her groom,
a German, February 27th. — Lord Derby dined with the Queen on
Saturday, and both Her Majesty and the Prince told him
they had no idea the Peerage question would have been
taken up as it has been, or they would not have granted
it. March 5th. — The Conference is proceeding at Paris.
Louis Napoleon's speech in opening the Legislative Assembly
was most cordial towards England, and does not leave the
slightest hope to Austria and Russia of their succeeding in
sowing dissension between us and France. He only professed
himself quite ready to continue the war if the negotiations
failed. March 7th. — Sir William Clay's bill for the abolition of
Church rates passed the House of Commons by a majority
of 44, Lord Palmerston and the whole Government voting
for it.
March 8th. — The Opera House at Covent Garden has
been burnt down by the chandelier being over-heated during
the monster benefit of the conjurer Anderson, to whom the
theatre had been let for two months. This imitation of
American vulgarity ended by a masked ball of the lowest
kind, tickets being one shilling. Mr. Gye, the manager.

44 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1856
who was at Paris, had refused to allow the masquerade.
The loss will not be covered by 300,000Z.
March 10th. — I got a letter from M. de Persigny, an
nouncing that the Empress of the French was safely con
fined of a son. The Emperor, who never left the room, was
worked up into such a nervous state that for fifteen hours he
cried and sobbed without ceasing ; and when the child was
born he was so overpowered with joy that he rushed into the
next room and embraced the five first persons he met. Then
recollecting that his behaviour was not dignified, he said,
' Je ne peux pas vous embrasser tons.'
March 29th. — Madame de Persigny called to wish us
good-bye, and told us the following riddle : ' Pourquoi
I'Empereur est-il change pour le mieux depuis la naissance
de son fils ? ' — ' Parce qu'il a un nouveau-ne (nez).'
March 30th. — The signing of the Treaty of Peace with
Russia was announced by the firing of cannon from the
Tower and the Horse Guards. Numbers collected in the
streets, but no enthusiasm was shown.
April 5th. — Dined with the Palmerstons. He says the
French call the medal we have given them ' La m^daille de
sauvetage.' They want another lesson from us.
There is a new play come out in Paris, the principal
characters being Adam, Eve, and the serpent. It is quite a
new version — the serpent succeeds in making himself agree
able to Eve, and poor Adam is made to look very foolish.
April 10th. — I got a letter from Lord Clarendon, saying

1856 DISCUSSION ON THE FALL OF KARS. 45
that he could not be present ' for my amiable invitation to
Kars ' (I had given notice of a motion with respect to the
fate of that fortress), but went on to say that he would be
back by the end of next week, and that the Treaty would
give our party weapons against him, but that he was, on the
whole, satisfied, as things looked very bad two months ago ;
and the difficulties he had had to contend with were very
great and would probably never be known, by which I con
clude the French threw us over and are now toadying the
Russians. April 11th. — I spoke in the House of Lords on the subject
of the sale of the cavalry horses in the Crimea to the
Russians, and this morning I got a letter from the Duke of
Cambridge, praising my speech, and thanking me for it.
Also another from General Lord de Ros to the same effect.
^ April 20th. — Cavour and the Chevalier Massimo d'Azeglio
called on me. The former spoke very openly on Italian
politics, and I, not being in office, had no reason for not
being equally frank.
April 26th. — I saw Lord Derby to-day ; he wants to get
out of the discussion on the fall of Kars, and is much dis
gusted with his party for not being willing to support Mr.
Whiteside's motion upon it. I can see that many believe
Disraeli would like to place himself at the head of the
Conservative party, to the exclusion of Lord Derby. These
suspicions are strengthened by the tone of his paper, ' The
Press,' which avoids ever mentioning the name of Lord
Derby, or of anyone except Disraeli himself, whom it
praises in the most fulsome manner. I have also myself

46 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1856
been sounded upon the subject of making Disraeli or Lord
Stanley our leader, but I do not think that the person to
whom I allude will ever do so again.
April 28th. — I went to the House of Commons to hear
Mr. Whiteside's speech upon Kars. It was a very fine one,
and I think Mr. Whiteside decidedly a greater orator than
Disraeli, although his Irish accent, which is very strong,
when he gets animated, spoils the effect to English ears. He
was immensely cheered. Lord Derby's meeting this morn
ing was not a very full one ; Lord Granby was present, and,
as usual, made difficulties, as did also Mr. Bentinck, without
anything leading to it.
April 30th. — The Treaty of Paris is to be discussed next
Monday, and is open to great objections. I shall withdraw
my motion upon Kars.
May 1st. — I saw Lord Derby to-day ; he wishes me to
begin the debate upon the Treaty next Monday. We shall
be beaten to-night in the House of Commons by more than
a hundred, fifty of our men voting against us or staying
away. Lord Derby has certainly lost a great deal of his
influence by refusing office last year.
May 2nd. — The Government had a majority of 399
against Mr. Whiteside upon Kars.
May 3rd. — I went with some of my colleagues to Lord
Derby this morning, when he and Disraeli decided that I
am to begin the debate on Monday in condemnation of the
Treaty.

1856 A DINNER OF RECONCILIATION. 47
May 5th. — I spoke for an hour against the Treaty of
Paris, and received many compliments upon it both from my
friends and the cross benches. Lord Clarendon spoke in
answer, and Lord Derby followed, winding up with these
words : ' So much for the capitulation of Paris.'
May 7th. — There was a dinner at the Palace for Baron
Briinnow — a dinner of reconciliation, consisting entirely of
Ministers and ex-Ministers. Lord John Eussell was there,
and very civil to me, as, when I arrived, he crossed the room
to come and speak to me — a thing he never did before. He
began the conversation by saying : ' You gave it them well
last night,' and seemed quite delighted at the Government
being bullied. He added that the debate in the Lords was
very superior to that in the Commons. I had to take Lady
Clarendon to dinner. She was at first very cross, but I
ended by laughing her out of her bad humour.
May 23rd. — A discussion on the Maritime Law was
brought on last night by Lord Colchester. Lords Derby and
Carnarvon spoke beautifully, but the Government had a
majority of 54.
May 28th. — I went to the Derby with the Persigny s.
June 5th. — The American Government iave dismissed
Mr. Crampton, United States Minister, who is gone to
Toronto, which is rather alarming. I dined with the
Clarendons. June 24th. — The Alteration of Oaths Bill was rejected by
the Lords by a majority of 32.

48 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1856
June 26th. — We dined with the Hardwickes to meet the
celebrated tragic actress Ristori. She arrived very late,
just as we were sitting down to dinner, and made an entree
quite in the theatrical style — violent exclamations, gesticu
lations, and grimaces, giving a long history of how her
coachman had lost his way, and her feelings on the subject,
all in the loudest tone of voice. She calls herself thirty, but
looks fifty. I went to Lady Westminster's ball to meet the
Queen. Everybody is talking of a scene that occurred
yesterday at the Levee. A vulgar American having gone
in a frock coat with a yellow waistcoat and a black neckcloth.
Sir E. Oust told him he could not pass the Queen in that
costume. He insisted, and Mr. Dallas, the American
Minister, took his part, and finding, after an angry alter
cation, that Sir E. Cust would not give way, he left the
Palace with all his suite.
June 28th. — We gave a dinner to a large party, among
whom were the Clarendons. He told me that he had gone
to Lady Westminster's ball in full dress by mistake, and was
the only man not in frock-dress. Some one observed in the
hearing of Mrs. Dallas, ' Why is Lord Clarendon in full
dress ? ' ' Oh,' answered the person addressed, ' I suppose
he has been dining with Mr. Dallas.'
June 30th. — I hear that Mrs. Anson has written home a
very bad account of Lady Canning, whose health seems to be
seriously affected by the climate of India.
July 8th. — The Queen reviewed the troops at Aldershot,
and made them a speech. Lord Hardinge was seized with a
fit at Aldershot in her presence. He was talking to her at

1856 ISLE OF SERPENTS SEIZED BY RUSSIANS. 49
the time, and was brought to London very ill.' We went to
Lord Carrington's house to see the entry of the Guards into
London. There were three battalions of above a thousand
men each. They marched past in fours, preceded by their
colonels on horseback and their bands, in heavy marching
order. Certainly they looked as if they had done work ; their
uniforms were shabby, many having almost lost all colour,
their bearskins quite brown, and they themselves, poor
fellows, though they seemed happy, and were laughing as
they marched along, were very thin and worn.
August 10th. — The Russians are at their old tricks again,
and have seized the Isle of Serpents, at the mouth of the
Danube, which by some oversight has not been mentioned in
the treaty, and, as they possessed it before the war, they
naturally concluded it belonged to them, no stipulations to
the contrary having been made ; but it turns out to be of
great importance, as it commands the mouths of the river,
and admits of being fortified. This, coupled with their delay
in restoring Kars and their blowing up Ismail and Reni,
is contrary to the spirit of the treaty. The English fleet
has received orders to re- enter the Black Sea, and to remain
there until the Island of Serpents and Kars are given up.
August Wth. — I travelled from London to Southampton
in the same carriage with Lord and Lady Palmerston.
Lord Palmerston talked the whole way in the most open
manner of foreign affairs. He says nothing can be worse
than the way the Russians have behaved in carrying out the
treaty. They have tried to evade almost every point, and
taken advantage of every loophole and oversight. They
' Lord Hardinge died the following September.
VOL. II. E

50 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1856
have blown up the old castle of Kars, though it never could
be of any use, and was merely a curious remnant of antiquity.
They are making great difficulties about the settlement of
the boundary in Bessarabia, saying that Belgrad, an old
village of that name, is not the one they meant, but another
village of the same name, quite out of the intended line.
Chreptovitch, the new Russian Ambassador, took a high tone,
and talked of leaving England if these complaints were
pressed, to which Lord Palmerston replied that the sooner he
did so the better, if he did not give way upon them.
Lord Derby to Lord M.
Knowsley : August 25, 1856.
My dear Malmesbury, — I found your letter of the 25th on my
return from Tork, whither I had ventured upon going to see my
horse run ; but my rashness was punished by a slight return of my
enemy, which compelled me to return, re infecta. I hope, however,
that I may now report myself all right again, though my hand and
wrist still continue rather weak, and I have not ventured, or
indeed been able, to hold a gun. There is plenty of employment
for one. We have a good deal of oats cut, but no wheat in this
neighbourhood yet. The corn crops look very well, but the extent
of disease in the potatoes is fearful. It has not been so bad for years.
I hear from Ossulston that you are to be with him at Chillingham
towards the middle or end of October ; so I suppose we may look
forward to seeing you here on your way back, early in November.
Palmerston seems to have been in a very communicative mood with
you the other day ; and his report fully confirms what I had sus
pected to be the case, not only that Russia is playing us false as far
as she dares, but that ' our august ally ' is less to be depended upon
than might be desirable. It is quite evident to me that there is a
great desire on both sides for a rapprochement between the two
Emperors, at our expense. Morny is evidently playing first fiddle
at St. Petersburg, and Granville's position will not be made
the more agreeable by the coldness of Chreptovitch's reception
here. Peace may be maintained, but even of this I do not feel
confident ; but of this I am very sure, that it will not be long

1856 CIVlh WAR IN THE UNITED STATES. 51
before our Government will have cause to be heartily ashamed of
the terms and results of the peace they have ' patched up.' The
election of Fremont I should look upon as satisfactory, and as
affording the best prospect of a solution of our difficulties in that
quarter. What is Palmerston doing with all the Church patronage
which is pouring in upon him ? Ever yours sincerely, Derby.
September Qth. — CivU war has broken out in the United
States between the Abolitionists and the Pro- Slavery Party,
and a great deal of blood has been already shed. The
Government refused to take part with either side, upon
which the Slave party in Congress would not vote the
supplies for the army, which accordinglj' must be disbanded.
September 17th. — Left Heron Court for Paris, where I
expect to meet George Harris. I hear that Lady Stafford
and Lady Emily Peel are much admired at Petersburg, where
they are gone for the coronation of the Emperor, and that
M. de Morny's fetes are quite surpassed by those of Lord
Granville ; but the person who has had the most success is
Lord Stafford's piper, who, whenever he shows himself in the
streets, is followed by crowds, who fancy he is the Ambas
sador. October Wth. — I left Venice after a pleasant visit with
George Harris. Made acquaintance with Countess Persico,
who has a palazzo at Castelfranco, near Treviso, and received
much hospitality from her.
October 20th. — Arrived at Turin. Dined with our Minis
ter, Sir James Hudson. He says the French do not go with
us on the Belgrad question. There is to be a Congress at
E 2

52 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1856
Paris to decide that, and that of Serpent Island, which the
Russians wish to swindle out of the treaty. Palmerston
says he would prefer Petersburg, as being less Russian than
Walewski's house.
October 22nd. — Called on my cousin, the Due de Gramont,
who is French Minister here.
October 24th. — Started for London. Yesterday I dined
with Cavour. The dinner was very agreeable, there being
no other guests than Hudson and myself. We talked openly
on politics, and in the evening General La Marmora came on
purpose to be introduced to me. Nothing could be more
amiable than Gramont during my stay at Turin ; but he is
evidently little thought of, whilst our Minister, Hudson, is
lord of the place and has the most unbounded influence over
the King and his Ministers ; but he lives openly with the
Revolutionary party, and does not disguise his Italian pro
clivities. The French seem to me completely at variance
with us as to the dishonest frauds of the Russians respecting
the meaning of our treaty, and, if Palmerston is not firm,
they will get what they want.
November 12th. — Louis Napoleon is said to have given
up his intended parties at Fontainebleau in consequence of
the discontent expressed at the extravagance of the Court
whilst the people are suffering great distress from the high
prices. The English and French Ministers have left Naples,
and the English and French fleets are blustering in the bay,
pretending to be ready to bombard the town. Everyone
feels that such an atrocity could not be committed, and that
a gentleman might as well strike a woman as fire upon

1856 LORD DERBY ON THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY. 53
Naples. At the Lord Mayor's dinner on the 9th, given as
usual to the Prime Minister and his colleagues, the Corps
Diplomatique was represented by the Mexican Minister and
the one from the Republic of Hayti, a black man. Such is
the result, for the second time, of Palmerston's aggressive
policy and offensive communication with foreign Powers.
There is no man so pleasant in his manner in private life,
and it is extraordinary that he should not be able to exercise
the same courtesy in public affairs.
November 21st. — Persigny told me Walewski is in dis
grace. The difficulty about Belgrad and the Isle of
Serpents arises from the Emperor having been entrapped
into a promise by the Russians; but Persigny has suggested
a solution, which has been accepted by the Emperor and our
Government — viz. a Congress which is to assemble, into
which Sardinia is to be admitted, on condition of voting
against Russia. Austria goes with England, and Prussia
is of course excluded. This gives England a majority, and
the Emperor an excuse for giving way.
From Lord Derby to Lord M. {on the Causes of the Dis
organisation of the Conservative Party, &c.)
Knowsley : December 15, 1856.
My dear Malmesbury, — I return you Jolliffe's letters, enclosed
in your desponding one of the 7th. I ought to have done so
earlier, but I have had Lichfield with me all the week, alone ; and
we have been so busy shooting, that I have had no time to give to
politics. Yesterday I was threatened with a fit of gout, but it has,
I hope, quite passed off; and I expect to go to Hatfield to-morrow,
and look forward to being with you on Friday afternoon. I shall
be very glad to meet ' Jolliffe there, and to talk over quietly with
him and you the position and prospects of the Conservative party.
' Whip of the Conservative party, afterwards created Lord Hylton.

54 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1856
That it is in a certain state of disorganisation is not to be denied,
nor, I think, to be wondered at ; indeed, I am disposed to be rather
surprised to find how mere fidelity to party ties, and some personal
feeling, has for so long a time kept together so large a body of men,
under most adverse circumstances, and in the absence of any cry
or leading question, to serve as a broad line of demarcation ber
tween the two sides of the House. The breach which was made in
the Conservative body by Peel, in 1845-6, and which might have
been healed to a great degree if his followers had only given us a
fair support, or even stood neutral in the session of 1862-8, was
widened by the formation of the Coalition Government, on the
avowed principle (or no principle) of discarding all previous party
ties. Public attention has since that time been mainly fixed upon
the war ; and since Palmerston came into office he has adroitly
played his cards, so as to avoid, with one or two exceptions, making
any attacks upon our institutions, or affording much ground for
censure from a Conservative Opposition. In short, he has been a
Conservative Minister working with Radical tools, and keeping up
a show of Liberalism in his foreign policy, which nine in ten of
the House of Commons care nothing about. /That a Conservative
party should have held together at all under such circumstances is
rather to be wondered at, than that there should be apathy and
indifference when there is nothing to be fought for by the bulk of
the partyV As to Disraeli's unpopularity, I see it and regret it ; and
especially regret that he does not see more of the party in private ;
but they could not do without him, even if there were anyone ready
and able to take his place. For myself, I never was ambitious of
office, and am not likely to become more so as I grow older ; but I
am now, as I have been, ready to accept the responsibility of it if I
see a chance not only of taking but of keeping it. Of that I see
no chance with the present House of Commons, unless the Govern
ment commit some very gross blunder, and make their continuance
impossible. But I agree with you that, if there is to be for many
years a chance of power for a Conservative Ministry, it must be
secured by active exertions at the general election, which must
shortly take place. Tours very sincerely,
Deebt.

1857 WAR DECLARED AGAINST PERSIA. 65

1857
Janua)-y 1st. — The Conference opened yesterday on the
questions of Belgrad and the Isle of Serpents, which the
Russians falsely claim as being included in the treaty of
peace. The Swiss are making energetic preparations for
resisting the threatened invasion of Neufchatel by Prussia,
whilst England and France are using their utmost exertions
to prevent a war. England has declared war against Persia,
and Admiral Seymour has bombarded Canton to avenge an
insult offered to our flag. As far as I can understand the
cause of dispute, it does not appear to justify such a severe
punishment. The men arrested were Chinese, and the ship,
though bearing English colours, was not English. The
Chinese Government has been, however, so troublesome and
insolent lately, that probably Lord Palmerston wishes to
seize the first pretext for giving them a lesson.
January 9th. — Madame de Bonneval writes that M. de
Morny is engaged to Mademoiselle Troubetskoi, a natural
daughter of the Emperor Nicholas and a maid-of-honour of
the Empress. She is handsome and has black eyes and auburn
hair. January 25th. — The news last received from China is un
satisfactory, for though we are in possession of all the forts,
the Chinese have succeeded in setting fire to our factories
and banks, and it has been decided, in consequence, to
bombard Canton.

56 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
January 29th. — Princess Lieven has died at Paris. When
I came out in the London world in 1826, she was then
Russian Ambassadress, and one of the most fashionable
ladies in society. She was very clever and agreeable, but
the greatest intrigante possible, having been all her life
employed by the Russian Government as a spy, or rather, I
should say, by the reigning Emperor, with whom she always
corresponded directly. She was a great plague to our Secre
taries for Foreign Affairs. Guizot, towards the end of her
life, kept up political and intimate relations with her. Her
son, Paul, was a charming dandy.
January 31st. — Despatches have been received from
Admiral Sir Henry Leeke, giving an account of the opera
tions of the English fleet and troops in the Persian Gulf.
On December 4th, 1856, the island of Karrak was occupied;
on the 7th the troops disembarked, and advanced upon
Bushire under General Storker, protected by the fire of the
ships. The position of the enemy was strong, but was
carried at the point of the bayonet, with the loss of Colonels
Stopford and Malet, who were leading their men to the
assault. February 3rd. — I do not expect any amendment will be
moved to the Address, but foreign affairs will be discussed,
and I understand that Disraeli will make some terrific
revelations in his speech, as Walewski has told him all he
knows against Lord Palmerston, and if half only is true, it
will damage him extremely. Gladstone and Sidney Herbert
appear anxious to join Lord Derby. We reserve our whole
strength for the income tax, and support Gladstone's

1857 MR. DISRAELI THREATENS REVELATIONS. 57
measure — namely, to pay fivepence now, and nothing in 1860.
If the latter joined our party, he would only benefit us by his
talents, for on the other hand we should lose many of our
supporters. The Duke of Beaufort, one of our staunchest
adherents, told me at Longleat that if we coalesced with the
Peelites he would leave the party, and I remember in 1865,
when Lord Derby attempted to form a Government, and
offered places to Gladstone and Herbert, that no less than
eighty members of the House of Commons threatened to
leave him;
This being the first night of the session, Disraeli
made a long and eloquent speech, in which he brought
forward the following accusation against the Government :
— 'Will it be believed that at the very time when Lord
Clarendon was listening to the passionate representa
tions of Count Cavour, in which he impeaches the very
existence of Austrian rule, a secret treaty was in existence,
guaranteeing to Austria the whole of her Italian dominions
— a guarantee from France to Austria of her Italian posses
sions, given, not merely with the sanction and approval of
the noble lord (Palmerston), but by the advice and at the
special instance of his Government ? ' Lord Palmerston
denied the existence of such a treaty, saying that Disraeli
must have been imposed upon by the gobemouches of Paris ;
and went on to assert that it was the first time he had ever
heard of such a treaty, and, that if he had, he would have
given his advice in an opposite direction. The treaty was
an entire romance, without the slightest foundation, except
that in the early part of the war with Russia communications
passed between the Austrian and French Governments, to
the effect that the latter would take no part hostile to

58 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
Austria. On the 10th Disraeli repeated his accusation,
maintaining that the above agreement between Austria
and France had assumed the shape of a treaty, and that
it was executed on' December 22, 1854. He reasserted that
the English Government had known and approved of this.
Lord Palmerston then again rose and repeated that, to
the best of his belief, there was no treaty between Austria
and France guaranteeing the former's possessions in Italy ;
but he confessed that, in the latter part of 1854, it was hoped
that Austria would join England and France against Russia,
and that an agreement was made, that if she did so, and
Russia instigated insurrections in Italy for the purpose of
distracting Austria, then France would behave as an honour
able ally ought, but that she would not encourage any such
risings, should the Austrian armies join England and France ;
and during the war, should disturbances break out in Italy,
then France would act in concert with whatever force the
Austrians might have to defend their possessions. All this,
he said, was known to the British Government. Thus,
although Disraeli may be accused of finding a mare's nest,
the facts which he stated were correct, but do not bear the
same intentions and consequences which he had put upon
them. His speech altogether was inferior to his usual
power, and was delivered very nervously.
February 4th. — The Queen's Speech told us nothing. It
was all about foreign affairs. No reform, excepting in the
law. Disraeli's revelations, I think, fell rather flat. Lord
Palmerston denied the existence of a secret treaty with
Austria, which he was accused of having made. The
country may probably believe him rather than Disraeli, but
diplomatists will not be so credulous, for what is the use of

1857 THE SECRET TREATT DENIED. 59
a secret treaty if you must confess it to the first person who
asks the question ?
February 6th. — Lord Derby arrived at Heron Court for
the wild-fowl shooting. He seems to think that Lord
Palmerston's Government is becoming very unpopular.
Lord Aberdeen voted for Lord Grey's amendment to the
Address with ten of our men. This is such an invidious
thing for an ex-Prime Minister to do, that his intention
must have been to show his disapprobation of the Govern
ment ; and Gladstone's speech in the House of Commons,
which one cannot disconnect from Lord Aberdeen's vote,
looks as if the Peelites wished to make up their differences
with our party; but Lord Derby says that he does not mean
to make any advances to them, as they would certainly lose
us many of our people. He seems very sanguine about turn
ing out the Government in the course of the session : if we
could do it on the income tax, that would be the best, as
they would not dissolve Parliament on that question. I
made a speech yesterday on moving for returns of the New
Forest Commissioners, the number of days they have sat,
and the list of claims adjusted, &c. I read my corre
spondence to the House and was much cheered ; all sides
agreed that the Commissioners' letter to me was unjustifiable,
and the Chancellor blamed it strongly. I hear that Lord
Palmerston took my part, and said that if anything on the
subject had been said in the House of Commons he would
have got up and defended me.
February 8th. — Left for London to attend Lord Derby's
meeting. February 11th. — Meeting at Lord Derby's postponed to

60 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
Saturday next, as Disraeli has sent to say that he was so
occupied with the secret treaty accusation that he could not
attend to any other business.
February 13th. — Another discussion last night on the
Secret Treaty somewhat alters the complexion of the case.
Lord Palmerston got up and acknowledged he had been
mistaken with regard to what he calls the ' military con
vention' between France and Austria not being signed. He
now admits it was signed. Disraeli repeated again and
again that there was a secret treaty between France and
Austria, that it; had been extensively acted upon, and that
on its surface there was no limitation to the period of its
operation. Lord Palmerston, upon this, completely lost his
temper — a rare occurrence with him, and which makes one
believe that he felt himself in a scrape — but he again said,
with the strongest asseverations, that it was only a temporary
arrangement during the war with Russia, in case Austria
joined against her ; that it was not signed at our instigation,
but only communicated to us as an arrangement already
settled between France and Austria. If this be believed, it,
of course, exculpates him and his Government, but it proves
that when he made his first speech he was either ignorant
of, or had forgotten, the circumstance.
February 14th. — The Chancellor of the Exchequer brought
on his Budget last night. The 9d. war-tax is taken off,
which makes a reduction of nine millions in the year's
income. In spite of this boon, there is much discontent on
account of these two new wars, the Chinese and Persian,
but the Budget is to be cut up by both Disraeli and
Gladstone.

1857 BUDGET CARRIED. 01
February 16th. — I went to Middleton. Disraeli assured
me that the Secret Treaty is a permanent one. He throws
cold water on the China question, which Lord Derby is to
bring forward. Gladstone says this Budget is even worse
than the famous Budgets of Sir Charles Wood, which were
altered half a dozen times.
February 21st. — Disraeli made a long and clever speech
against the Budget. The Chancellor of the Exchequer
replied, and made, I believe, a better speech than Disraeli's,
and still longer.
February 24th. — The Government have carried their
Budget by a majority of 80. Many of our men voted with
the Government, or rather with Big Ben,' the member for
Norfolk, who amuses himself with opposing everything on
both sides.
February 27th. — Lord EUesmere is dead, and has left his
wife 5,000L a year and his yacht. They married without
settlements. The division in the House of Lords on the China ques
tion took place last night, and the Government had a
majority of 36. Lord Ellenborough and the Bishop of
Oxford ^ spoke on our side, both of them very eloquently.
February 28th. — If Lord Palmerston had divided upon
the China question last night in the House of Commons, he
would have been beaten, and he is so nervous about it that
he has a meeting this morning to threaten a dissolution in
1 Mr. George Bentinck, member for Norfolk.
2 Samuel Wilberforce, afterwards Bishop of Winchester.

62 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1867
case he is not supported. It seems to me an unpopular
question for a general election to turn upon. Nobody
knows whether Disraeli will speak. I met him at the Levee,
and he answered very sulkily, even pretending not to under
stand what I meant by asking him if he intended to speak.
' Speak ! upon what ? ' he said. He has always discouraged
a debate on the China question, for some reason best known
to himself. Lord Derby had a meeting of his party in the House of
Commons. One hundred and sixty attended. He began by
alluding to the defection of a few of the members of the
Opposition on the Budget, which he understood had been
occasioned by a report of his having coalesced with Mr.
Gladstone. He denied such being the case, but declared in
the most emphatic manner that should any member of the
Conservative connection attempt to dictate to him the course
he should pursue with regard to any political personages
whatever, he would regard it as an insult, and no longer
recognise that member as attached to his party. This de
claration was received with long-continued cheering, and the
greatest enthusiasm and the most complete confidence in
Lord Derby were expressed.
March 4th. — On the question of the China War, moved
by Mr. Cobden, the Government were beaten by a majority
of sixteen. The principal speakers were Gladstone, Palmer
ston, and Disraeli. The latter was very bitter and personal.
Gladstone statesmanlike, but dry and heavy. Big Ben
tried to say a few words in support of Ministers, but the
House would not listen to him. Lord Derby, in the House
of Lords, denied the correctness of a paragraph in ' The
Press,' giving an account of the meeting of his party on the

1857 INTENDED DISSOLUTION ANNOUNCED. 63
27th, saying it was a gross misrepresentation — that words
were put into his mouth which he had never used, and that
he was even made to say the exact contrary to what he
really said. Disraeli will not like this, for ' The Press '
is conducted by him, and is his organ, always putting him
forward and ignoring Lord Derby.
March 5th. — Lord Granville in the Lords, and Lord
Palmerston in the Commons, announced the intention of
Government to dissolve Parliament in consequence of their
defeat on the China War,
March 6th. — Dr. Fergusson called. He says the China
question is an unfavourable one for our party, and we shall
get a worse Parliament; also that a coalition with the
Peelites is denounced. I fear he is right, for nobody is a
better judge of public feeling than a doctor who is constantly
seeing all kinds of people. I went to Lord Derby by appoint
ment, and he sent me to Sidney Herbert to make some arrange
ments with him in concert with our party for the coming
elections — namely, that we should not take a hostile part
towards each other's candidates, so that, no personal enmities
being made, there should be less difficulty in the two parties
acting together, should circumstances make it advisable.
Sidney Herbert rejected this proposal, saying he thought it
better that we should be quite independent of each other,
and that he would not pledge himself not to support Lord
Palmerston. He was evidently taken by surprise, and did
not know what to say, receiving me in a very unfriendly and
even uncivil manner. After a very short interview, Mrs.
Herbert coming in with her bonnet and shawl on, he got up
and said he must go out with her, almost turning me out of

64 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
his house. I said, as he seemed in a hurry, he had better
write when he had considered Lord Derby's proposal, as he
was so confused that I hardly knew what to report to him.
This he agreed to, so he must in some measure commit him
self March 7th. — I got a letter from Sidney Herbert this
morning respecting what I said yesterday about the elec
tioneering arrangements, evidently fancying I meant more
than I said, for he added that the Peelite party were much
divided, there being hardly a subject on which they agreed,
and that of course their influence was now much weakened ;
that he himself was anxious to disperse them and to keep aloof
from all parties, as he wished to be independent, and that he
would only answer for himself, a^ there were many others
with whom I could communicate.
March 8th. — I met Gladstone last night at the Carlton
Club and had a long conversation with him. He had seen
Sidney Herbert, who told him of our interview, and Glad
stone said he quite disagreed in his views and had told him
so. He was evidently displeased at Sidney Herbert's repre
senting the Peelite party as so weak and divided. His
leanings are apparently towards us, but he was quite of my
opinion that no sort of agreement should be made beyond
the one I had proposed, and that we should remain perfectly
free and independent of each other.
Ma/rch 16th. — I have had very unsatisfactory letters about
the elections. The report of the coalition with the Peelites
has done us irreparable mischief, but Palmerston's personal
popularity is the real cause of his successes.
March 25th. — I wrote a letter to Lord Palmerston in

1857 A VEGET.VRIAN DOCTOR. 05
answer to his address to the electors of Tiverlon, which has
had considerable success. Lord Derby has a terrible fit
of gout, which has attacked both ankles, both knees and
both elbows. It is impossible his constitution can support
these repeated trials.
April 1st. — I went to Heron Court to attend the sitting
of the New Forest Commissioners at Christchurch. I re
ceived many compliments on my letter to Lord Palmerston,
amongst others from Lords Clarendon and Grey, which are
worth having.
April 2nd. — News has been received from China, and it
turns out that the reported peace was an invention for elec
tioneering purposes, and that the war continues the same as
ever. Allum, the baker, and nine others who were tried on
the accusation of poisoning bread, are all acquitted, so there
is an end of Lord Palmerston's assertion and the ridiculous
tirade which he made in the House of Commons about
' poisoning respectable English merchants.'
April 4th. — Most of my claims in the New Forest have
been allowed by the Commissioners. The elections are going
against us. We have lost fifteen seats in the counties.
April 10th. — Dined with Lord Lonsdale, and went with
him to Paris.
One of the guests at this dinner was a doctor who
practised as a vegetarian, and during dinner consistently
confined himself to green meat and grapes. He was the
most singular and repulsive looking man I ever saw, over
seventy years of age, about five feet high, and completely
VOL. II. ^

66 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
shrivelled in body and face, the last being like parchment
and of an orange colour. He held a medical commission in
the army, and had been through the whole Peninsular war.
Being very quarrelsome, he fought more than one duel with
his brother officers. When his death occurred, a few years
ago, he was discovered to be a woman ! What a story of
shame and misery is buried with her in her grave !
Apjril 14th. — The Queen was confined — a princess.
Lord Ossulston says that our tactics are quite unpopular
with the country gentlemen, and that they consider the
China vote factious.
April 19th. — Returned from Paris. I dined at the
Tuileries yesterday. The Emperor had invited me for to
day, but hearing I wished to leave Paris, he very kindly
ordered his chamberlain to send me an invitation for yester
day instead. It was quite a small dinner, and I had the
place of honour next the Empress, who looked lovely. The
Emperor talked to me in the most friendly and confidential
manner. His opinion of Disraeli was that he ' has not the
head of a statesman, but that he is, like all literary men, as
he has found them, from Chateaubriand to Guizot, ignorant
of the world, talking well, but nervous when the moment of
action arises.' The Emperor is evidently only sensible of
Disraeli's peculiarities without doing justice to his genius.
April 21st. — Dashwood, who was my secretary, called this
morning and says that the Government has already paid
Pisani the 18,000L he asks for his picture of the ' Tent of
Darius,' by Paul Veronese, at Venice; but the Austrian
Government not only refuses to allow the picture to leave

1857 THE NEW PARLLVMENT MEETS. 07
Venice, but have fined Pisani for selling it, and it is expected
the English Government will be obliged to pay the fine for
him. April 28th. — Lady Ely called, and talked to us of the
dinner at the Palace last year, where Lords Palmerston,
Clarendon, John Russell, Derby, and Malmesbury met, and
which Lord Derby characterised to Prince Albert as an illus
tration of a happy family, a joke which amused him and the
Queen very much. It looks as if Her Majesty made up the
dinner of these discordant materials for fun, and, from the
same malice, made me take Lady Clarendon to dinner, as it
was only two days after I had attacked Lord Clarendon in
the House of Lords, and Lady Clarendon would not speak
to me at first, but I ended by making her laugh. The
Queen, who was opposite, was highly amused, and could
hardly help laughing when Lady Clarendon at first would
not answer me.
April 30th. — The Duchess of Gloucester died this morn
ing. She was the last of the children of George III.
The new Parliament met at two o'clock, and Mr. Evelyn
Denison was chosen Speaker without opposition. Lady
Palmerston is very anxious about her husband's health, as
he suffers so much from gout and is so weak that he can
no longer take either riding or walking exercise. She
dreads the meeting of Parliament, as she fears the fatigue
and anxiety will be too much for his strength.
Lord Derby to Lord M.
Knowsley: April 30, 1857.
My dear Malmesbury, — I am sorry to say that I am again, very
rnal a propos, confined to my bed by a severe and painful attack of
J? 2

68 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
gout. I have it at present in both elbows and one knee, with every
prospect of its running the round of my limbs before it takes its
departure. I will, if possible, be in town for the opening of Par
liament, but 1 am afraid it is very doubtful whether I shall be able.
At all events, if there is to be any chance of my presiding at the
dinner to be given to Jolliffe, it must not be earlier than the 16th.
Should I not be in my place, you must manage the House for me,
and pray impress upon all our friends in both Houses the necessity,
in my mind, of being very guarded in their language on the
subject of Reform, and of not committing the party hastily to the
adoption of any course. If it is not mentioned in the Speech,
it will be better not to allude to it. If it is, our language
ought to be that of regret that the Government should have
thought it necessary to disturb the existing settlement ; but that, as
they propose to introduce a bill on a subject which requires the
most careful calculation of its probable consequences, we shall be
prepared to give to it a respectful and dispassionate consideration,
and shall hope to find it based upon principles which will enable us
conscientiously to support it. Tou know what are the points to
which I would mainly object, but I doubt the prudence of adverting
to them until John Russell, Locke King, or some other, have shown
their game, and perhaps compelled the Government to some extent
to disclose theirs. Tou may read this letter to Disraeli, in case I
should not see him. I wish you also to give notice for me that I
am entrusted with a petition, which I will present as soon as the
state of my health allows me, from the colony of Newfoundland
against the recent Fishery Convention ; and, as it will require the
assent of Parliament, you may as well find out whether Clarendon
will object to refer the petition to a Select Committee, without
which the House will legislate quite in the dark as to the merits of
the case. Ever yours sincerely, Deeby.
May 1st. — I got a letter to-day from Lady Derby, written
at her husband's dictation, saying that he is again laid up
with gout ill both his elbows and wrists, and expected every
joint would have its turn. It was, therefore, unlikely that
he could be in his place on the 7th, and I must, therefore,
replace him and lead the party during his absence. The

1S57 MR. DISRAELIS ILL LUCK. 09
duty of answering the Queen's Speech will, for this reason,
devolve upon me.
May 2nd. — Disraeli, who called on me yesterday, would
not agree to my proposal to have a meeting of the leaders of
the party to discuss the Queen's Speech. He said we might
call on each other and talk it over, but, for some reason, he
objected to the presence of any other member of the party.
I, however, insisted upon summoning the other leaders and
discussing the question openly with them.
May 4th. — I saw Disraeli last night at the Carlton,
sitting at a table with  . The latter got up in a few
minutes and went away, when Disraeli came up to mo
and said, ' I am the most unlucky man ! I came here to
meet Colonel Taylor, and the waiter told me he was in this
room ; but Providence has cursed me with blindness ; so,
seeing a very big man, whom I took for Colonel Taylor, I
rushed to him and fell into the arms of Robert Macaire, who
insisted upon my dining with him, made me drink a bottle of
champagne, which poisons me, and ended by borrowing fifty
pounds from me.' Disraeli, in spite of all these misfortunes,
was in very good humour, and agreed at once to my proposal
to meet some of his late colleagues next Thursday at Lord
Eglinton's. I had a letter from Lady Derby saying that
Lord D. cannot possibly come up to London, and begging
me to send him some news to amuse him, as they are very
triste. May 6th. — Lord Palmerston sent me the Queen's Speech
this afternoon, as is the custom from the Prime Minister
to the leader of the Opposition. It does not contain any

70 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
allusion to Reform, and is the tamest production, even for a
Queen's Speech, I ever read.
From Lord Derby to Iwrd M. {on the Chinese War).
Knowsley : May 6, 1857.
My dear Malmesbury, — I hardly think that the Government
will call upon Parliament to pronounce its opinion in favour of
the justice of the Chinese War, though I think it probable, or
indeed certain, that they will ask for our support in it. Even if
they should apply to it, though on the part of the Crown, any
laudatory epithet, without asking us to concur in the commenda
tion, it must not be allowed to pass without a frank declaration of
our opinions. We have never denied that we had grounds of com
plaint against China for the incomplete fulfilment of the terms of
the treaty, although we thought, and think the more from what
has occurred since, that the alleged causes were not sufficient to
justify the violent measures taken by the local authorities, that
such steps should not have been taken without express direction
from the Home Govet-nment, and that that Government, as a matter
of policy, ought not to have permitted such steps to be taken with
out the previous provision of an overwhelming naval and military
force to compel submissioii to demands which they might think fit
to make. Remember, this must not be said as apologetically for
our vote, but as repeating the doctrine which we then held, the
soundness of which has boon amply proved by the horrors which
have been the consequence, and not, as Palmerston would fain make
them appear, the provocation to our acts. But as matters now
stand we are engaged, whether we will or no, in a struggle for our
very existence in the Eastern Seas ; and it is no time now to con
sider by whose fault we have been brought into a position in which
we have no alternative but to maintain'to the utmost the safety and
the rights of our countrymen. Such a course of proceeding is
entirely consistent with a deep sense of the reckless impolicy which
has led to this state of affairs, and involved us in a war the more
formidable because it is not with a Government, but with a nation,
and that a nation unchecked by those habits of civilisation which
in most cases mitigate the horrors of modern warfare. Such a
course on our part would be the most dignified answer to the
absurd charges which the Prime Minister of the country, with a

1857 A AlEETING OF EX-:MINISTERS. 71
view to electioneering clap-trap, did not think it beneath himself to
bring against his political opponents. If tho Government should
hint at any project for capitalising the Maynooth grant on fair aod
reasonable terms, I think they ought not to be discouraged. . . .
I am glad your letter did not come yesterday, as I should have
been unable to dictate an answer, having totally lost my voico. It
is better, however, to-day, and 1 am so far on the way to recovery
that I hope in an hour or two to be able to get up to have my bod
made, which has not been done for above a week.
Ever yours very sincerely, Derby.
May 7th.^-We had a meeting of ex-Ministers at Lord
Eglinton's. Disraeli was not quite satisfied with the result,
and he wished the leaders in both Houses to observe perfect
silence, neither to blame nor approve the Speech. He and
some others wanted me not to get up immediately after the
seconder, as is the custom for the leader of the Opposition
in the Lords to do, but to let Lord Grey, who is sure to
speak, and Lord Ellenborough, if inclined, make their
speeches first. I do not know what their motive could be
for giving this advice, but the effect would have been that I
should have abdicated the position which Lord Derby had
assigned to me. So I refused to follow it, and insisted on
conforming to Lord Derby's directions. I therefore got up
immediately after the seconder, and all my friends compli
mented me when I sat down. Lord Campbell came across
the House and said he hoped he was not taking too great a
liberty in praising my speech. The Duke of Somerset and
other supporters of the Government paid me the same
compliments. May 16th. — Lord Derby, having recovered, appeared in
the House. Several of the Whigs came across to ask him
how he was, and to express their pleasure at seeing him

72 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
once more in his place, and I was surprised at the rather
cold manner in which he received them ; but Lord Colville
explained it by telling me that he had called upon Lord
Derby and accompanied him to the House, and that he
had rather tried to dissuade him from going, thinking he
was looking weak and ill, but Lord D. insisted, saying,
' Palmerston says I am dying, but I'll show him I'm
alive.' May 18th. — The marriage of the Princess Royal to the
Prince of Prussia was announced to-day in Parliament.
May 20th. — In the Lords the Divorce Bill passed by a
majority of 29—47 to 18 !
June 25th,- — We are suffering under an extraordinary
heat. People are really getting alarmed, for if it is occasioned
by the comet, which is not yet visible, what must we expect
when it approaches our globe ! Lord Alvanley died yester
day — perhaps the wittiest man of his day. He was remark
able for the manner in which he could tell a story ; and it
amused him sometimes to relate them at dinner with such
fun that he drove the servants out of the room, who could
not remain for laughing.
On one occasion a friend of his came for his advice under
the following circumstances : — ' Mr,  has threatened to
kick me whenever he sees me in society; what am I to
do if he comes into the room ? ' ' Sit down,' replied Lord
Alvanley. He was extremely well-read and full of informa
tion, which he imparted in the most delightful manner, and
it is a pity that an account he wrote of a journey through
Russia, and which he showed me, should not be published.

1857 THE NEW ' ]\rORNING HERALD.' 73
June 27th. — Very alarming news from India. The mutiny
amongst the Sepoys in the Bengal army has spread from
Meerut. Three regiments are in open revolt. After some
bloodshed they had been dispersed by European troops and
fled to Delhi, where they were joined by other native
regiments. Delhi was in possession of the mutineers, who
had massacred almost all the Europeans, without regard to
age or sex, plundered the Bank, and proclaimed the son of
the late Mogul emperor to be king.
June 29th. — Went directly after breakfast to Lord Derby,
to consult him on what we should say to Mr, Hamilton, who
has the management of the 'Morning Herald,' and had
written to me yesterday to arrange as to the line which was
to be taken. The paper appeared for the first time this
morning under the new management. It seems well ar
ranged, with plenty of fashionable news to amuse ladies. I
found Lord Derby very careless and indifferent on the
subject, and unable to suggest anything. The only thing
which seemed to interest him was the subject of the Jew
Bill, and for that he had taken the very unnecessary trouble
to make out lists, a bore that is generally left to the "Whips.
Lord Derby has never been able to realise the sudden growth
and power of the Political Press, for which he has no parti
ality, which feeling is reciprocated by its members. In
these days this is a fatal error in men who wish to obtain
public power and distinction. Lord Derby is too proud a
man to flatter anybody, even his greatest friends and equals,
much less those of whom he knows nothing. His son, with
greater wisdom (for the day), has taken the opposite line,
and with benefit to his popularity and advancement.

74 MEMOIRS OF AN EX MINISTER. 1857
July 6th. — Lord Clarendon told me a good story of Corry
Conellan, Lord Carlisle's secretary at Dublin. The Viceroy,
who has taken up the ticket-of-leave men very warmly, told
him the other day that he had engaged two in his house as
servants. Conellan replied, ' Then you'll be the only spoon
left in it.'
The news from India contiliues bad; General Anson,
Commander-in-Chief, is ill. Mr. Roebuck moved a resolution
last night that the office of Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland
should be abolished, which w^as negatived by 151.
July 8th. — I dined with the Brazilian Minister, M.
Moreira. His wife is very pretty and agreeable, but the
party was eccentric. It consisted of Don Juan of Spain,
Cardinal Wiseman, the Duchess of Inverness, Lady Essex,
Sir Gore Ouseley, Mr., Mrs*, and Miss Roebuck, and a
quantity of Portuguese. We sat down at a quarter past
eight, and the dinner was not over till a quarter past twelve.
July 11th. — Went to the Queen's ball. Madame Casti-
glione was there ; as she is supposed to be Louis Napoleon's
mistress, she was very much stared at and admired. The
House of Lords rejected the Oaths Bill by a majority of
thirty-four. In the House of Commons, in reply to some
question from Sir John Pakington, Sir C. Wood said
' that the latest accounts from China were from Admiral
Seymour, dated May 10, and up to that period no opera
tions had taken place, the Admiral waiting for reinforce
ments. No instructions had been transmitted to the Indian
Government directing that the troops embarked for China
should be employed in India, and the Governor-General
had sent his Orders to Ceylon to direct the forces, on their

1857 SIR COLIN CAMPBELL COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. 7')
arrival there, to proceed to India. He had sent a requisition
to Lord Elgin to despatch troops, but Lord Elgin had no
instructions to comply. Whether he would deem the case
so pressing as to induce him to do so on his own responsi
bility remains to be seen.' '
The news of General Anson's death from cholera on the
march from Umballa to Delhi has arrived. He is succeeded
by General Bernard. The whole of the Northern Provinces
of India are in open insurrection.
July 12th. — Lady Carrington tells me that Mrs. Anson is
in a dreadful state of grief. Lord Panmure sent for Ladj^
Newport, her sister, and she and Lady Forester broke it to
her. Her grief seems to have been very great, and her
having left him is an aggravation to her sorrow. ' The
Observer,' a GovernmeUt paper, says 'that with vigour and
energy we may still keep India.' As Lady Carrington re
marked, ' A fortnight ago, we should as soon have thought
of losing Manchester as India.' Sir Colin Campbell is ap
pointed Commander-in-Chief, and started this morning at
twenty-four hours' notice. In the Crimea he proved himself
a first-rate soldier. Lord Ellenborough made a very eloquent
speech, asking the Government what they meant to do, but
they refused to give any information.
July 16th. — Gave a dinner to the Persignys, Jerseys,
Lady Glengall and daughter. Lord and Lady Raglan, Comte
de Jaucourt, Barrington, and Norman Macdonald. Madame
de Persigny was late, as usual, and M. de Persigny came
without her in a hack cab, which is the way he generally
' Lord Elgin, to his eternal honour, comphed with Lord Canning's
request, and this accidental reinforcement probably saved India.

76 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
goes out to dinner, as he is almost always obliged to leave the
carriage for his wife. He was much put out, and begged us
not to wait, so we went to dinner, and the only place left for
her was near the door, between Norman Macdonald and
Lady Raglan. Poor M. de Persigny looked miserable, could
hardly answer, and kept continually looking towards the
door. Madame de Persigny arrived in the middle of the
first course in a great flurry, her eyes evidently showing
signs of tears. They exchanged a furious look of defiance,
she eating her bread very fast as if to keep down her rage.
At last Lord Loughborough made her laugh by his usual
jokes, and by the time we went upstairs she had recovered
her good humour, though not so poor M, de Persigny; I
could get nothing out of him. When the party broke up
Count de Jaucourt handed Madame de Persigny to her
carriage, and returned to us to say, ' Vous serez bien aises
d'apprendre que I'Ambassadeur et Madame de Persigny se
sont embrasses sur I'escalier.'
Mr. Curzon, General Anson's aide-de-camp, has written
an account of his death, which vindicates him from the
charge, which the Government followers tried to fix upon
him, of slowness and want of energy. It seems he was
perfectly well at Umballa when the insurrection broke out,
and he then exerted himself so much, and so incessantly,
allowing himself no rest by day or night, that he was quite
exhausted when the cholera seized him. He sank under it,
and died at Kurnaul, on the march to Delhi ; but he pre
served his calmness to the last, gave all the necessary orders,
sent for General Bernard, to whom he gave up the command,
sent his love to Mrs. Anson, and a message, saying it was a
great comfort to him to know she was safe in England,
Mr. Roebuck's motion to censure Government for proceeding

1857 PERSIANS REFUSE TO EVACUATE HERAT. 77
with the Persian war without the sanction of Parliament
was negatived by 352 to 38.
Jxdy 21st. — I went to the Duchesse d'Aumale's breakfast
at Twickenham. The Due de Richelieu called. I never saw
him in such good humour ; he is delighted with his life in
London, and with the reception that all societj has given
him. It is said that the mutiny, up to the present moment,
has cost the country seven millions.
August 5th. — Lord EUenborough attacked the Govern
ment of India, and was answered very sharply by Lords
GranvUle and Clanricarde, to whom I replied.
August 6th. — The Persians, knowing of our difiiculties in
India, have refused to evacuate Herat, so that the war in
which our Ministers embarked so rashly, and to prosecute
which they denuded India of its defenders, furnishing the
rebels with the very opportunity which they desired, turns
out to be a mere waste of human life and treasure, without
producing the objects for which it was waged, I dined
yesterday with the Jerseys. Lady Stuart de Rothesay read
an extract from Lady Canning's letters, giving an account
of the horrible barbarities practised by the rebels in India,
who roast the children, ill-use and murder the women.
August 7th. — Left London for Achnacarry. The heat
was quite overpowering.
Achnacarry, August 10th. — The Emperor and Empress of
the French, accompanied by the Walewskis, arrived at
Osborne on the 6th at 9 A.M. They were received by the

78 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
Queen at the pier. The object of their visit is kept very
secret, but I have no doubt it is to discuss the question of
the Principalities,' upon which the English and French
Governments are at variance. Their disagreement is so
serious that M. Thouvenel has struck his flag at Con
stantinople. The Emperor has long been very much dis
satisfied with Lord Palmerston, and I suppose that, finding
Persigny has failed in obtaining any concessions, he has
come to try and settle matters himself with the Queen ; and
certainly his bringing his Foreign Secretary, together with
the fact that Lords Palmerston and Clarendon are summoned
to meet him, looks very like a conference.
August 12th. — Delhi is not taken, as reported, and the
horrors committed there by the mutineers will not bear
description. The heat even here continues to be tropical.
August 13th. — Extraordinary precautions were taken
during the Emperor's visit to Osborne. Eighty detectives
were sent down from London, besides French police. The
strictest guard was kept round the Palace and over the
island. Besides this, a number of men-of-war's boats
guarded the shore, and did not allow a single boat to ap
proach. August 14th. — The troops destined for China are arriving
daily at Calcutta. Lord Palmerston has given way on the
question of the Principalities, so the Emperor has gained his
point by his visit to Osborne. The dispute arose on a
' This was the case, and the Emperor prevailed. The French wished to
place them under one Hospodar. We and the Porte insisted on there being
two.

1857 OBJECT OF LOUIS NAPOLEON'S VISIT. 7'.»
question of the union of the Principalities, which France,
Russia, Prussia, and Sardinia supported. England, Austria,
and Turkey opposed the union, and, the elections in Moldavia
having been in favour of England, the French, Russians, &c.,
accused the English Government of having influenced them
unfairly, and demanded that they should be annulled. The
Porte refused this, upon which the Ambassadors of France,
Russia, Prussia, and Sardinia struck their flags. The
Emperor Napoleon then, instead of wasting time in useless
correspondence, came over himself, and the question was
settled at once. I do not pretend to judge whether Palmer
ston was right or wrong, but his defeat must have cost him
a bitter pang. Louis Napoleon's Ministers have been com
pletely won over by the Russians, especially Walewski.
August 31st. — Count Chreptovitch, who has been here some
days, left us this morning, to the joy of everybody. All felt
that he hated us, which the Due de Richelieu says is the
case, and we therefore took care never to talk politics or
mention India before him. He has not been able to get on
at all with Lord Palmerston. Indian news is very bad, and
confirms the account of the massacre at Cawnpore of all the
garrison, and 240 women and children. General Havelock
has defeated the mutineers wherever he could reach them,
but his forces are very inferior to his task, and his position
at times would appear desperate.
September 9th. — Lord Derby arrived, and appears to me
to be in very low spirits — quite without his usual entrain.
September Wth. — Better news from India. General Have
lock has defeated Nana Sahib in two more engagements.

80 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
taking all his guns; but his army has been attacked by
cholera, which has obliged him to return to Cawnpore with
out relieving Lucknow.

September 29th. — A tremendous gale and rain. The
whole party sat together in the drawing-room, each obliged
to tell a story. Mine was as follows, and was founded on
the fact that Richelieu had refused to shoot with Lough
borough in consequence of his always hunting his pointers
down wind : —
There was once a young Highland shepherd, who was
drinking at a burn, and being in the humour of desiring for
all sorts of things that he had never seen or possessed, he
wished that one of the fairies he had heard of, who haunted
the place, would appear and give him whatever he wanted.
At that moment his dog howled, and a pixie stood before
him. ' I have heard you,' she said, ' as I sat under that
pebble in the burn, and I will give you whatever you wish
for, but it must be one thing only and for ever.' ' Thank
you,' said the lad, not at all alarmed, ' I have only one desire
in the world, and that is to go to sea and become a rich
merchant.' This happened before steamers were invented,
and the fairy answered most graciously, ' Mr. MacGuffog, I
will give you what is the most essential thing for a prosperous
voyage and successful trading — namely, wherever you go
you shall have a fair wind whichever way you turn yourself
or your ship.' The young MacGuffog fell on his knees with
gratitude, and having given the fairy a pull at his whisky-flask,
went forthwith to Fort William, and enlisted as a cabin-boy
on board a merchantman. It was not very long before the
fact became known that whatever ship he was on board
always had the wind astern ; all the trading captains hired

1857 A PIXIE STORY. 81
him at any price, but he soon gained enough to sail on his
own account, and by the time he was thirty, the rapid
voyages he invariably made cut out everybody else, and gave
him such advantages that he realised a large fortune. He
then remembered his native hills, and determined to buy
an estate upon them. This he did, but he felt that he was
not really a Highland gentleman without a deer-forest, and
therefore he extended his domain, took off the sheep, and
hired the best stalker in Scotland. All this being prepared
for his happiness and amusement, he started with him to
stalk in his own forest, but day after day he was disappointed
by the perverseness of the weather, the wind constantly
changing the moment he went out. Whatever circuits he
took he found himself always going down wind, so that,
whether as single deer or herds, no animal allowed him to
approach within a quarter of a mile. He looked upon this
merely as a piece of bad luck, till by chance, crossing the
burn on which he had seen the pixie fifteen years before, he
heard a tiny giggle and then a long low laugh. Turning
round, he saw the little woman, and then the terrible truth
broke upon him that if he lived to a thousand years he never
could possibly kill a stag.
This was my story, and as to that of Lord Loughborough
and the Due de Richelieu, which suggested it to me, it was as
follows : That Lord Loughborough, being obliged to shoot in
spectacles, could not face the rain and wind on a wet day,
which was the case when the Duke went out with him.
October 1st. — General Havelock's force made a second
advance upon Lucknow on August 22, but was again obliged
to fall back. The 6th and 90th Regiments are on their
way up the river to reinforce him. Three Bombay regiments
VOL. II. <*

82 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
have mutinied since the last mail arrived. It is said that
Lucknow has only provisions till the 21st, and is now upon
famine rations. Letters from Calcutta bring several very
serious accusations against Lord Canning, the most im
portant being that Lord Elphinstone having telegraphed
to him at the beginning of the insurrection to offer to
send a fast steamer from Bombay, which could easily be
done, and by which a fortnight would have been saved, Lord
Canning sent a peremptory refusal. When General Anson
died. Lord Canning named Sir Patrick Grant Commander-in-
Chief, but the Government at home superseded this appoint
ment by naming Sir Colin Campbell. Lord Canning is an
intimate friend of mine, and was Under-Secretary at the
Foreign Ofiice, under Lord Aberdeen, He is clever, and
deservedly popular, and when he was offered the Government
of India he came to me to ask my advice as to his accepting
it. Without any hesitation, knowing his character as I did,
I advised him to refuse, and, had he followed my advice, it is
probable that he would have saved his life and distinguished
himself in Parliament and held the highest offices in the
Cabinet, as our political leaders had a good opinion of him
and he had a great name. The offer, however, was tempting,
and he accepted it, little expecting the terrible difficulties
he would encounter almost before his foot was in the stirrup.
October 3rd. — This morning my stalker and his boy gave
me an account of a mysterious creature, which they say exists
in Loch Arkaig, and which they call the Lake-horse. It is
the same animal of which one has occasionally read accounts
in the newspapers as having been seen in the Highland lochs,
and on the existence of which in Loch Assynt the late Lord
EUesmere wrote an interesting article, but hitherto the

1857 THE LAKE-HORSE. 83
story has always been looked upon as fabulous. I am now,
however, nearly persuaded of its truth. My stalker, John
Stuart, at Achnacarry, has seen it twice, and both times at
sunrise in summer on a bright sunny day, when there was not
a ripple on the water. The creature was basking on the
surface ; he only saw the head and hind quarters, proving
that its back was hollow, which is not the shape of any fish
or of a seal. Its head resembled that of a horse. It was also
seen once by his three little children, who were all walking
together along the beach. It was then motionless, about
thirty yards from the shore, and apparently asleep, and they
at first took it for a rock, but when they got near it moved
its head, and they were so frightened that they ran home,
arriving in a state of the greatest terror. There was no
mistaking their manner when they related this story, and
they offered to make an affidavit before a magistrate. The
Highlanders are very superstitious about this creature.
They are convinced that there is never more than one in
existence at the same time, and I believe they think it has
something diabolical in its nature, for when I said I wished I
could get within shot of it my stalker observed very gravely :
' Perhaps your Lordship's gun would miss fire.' It would be
quite possible, though difficult, for a seal to work up the
river Lochy into Loch Arkaig.
October 18th. — General Outram has behaved very gene
rously to Havelock, and has told him he would not deprive
him of the glory he so well deserved of relieving Lucknow,
but would leave him in command of the expedition and
would serve under him. The ' Daily News ' gives the Order
in Council issued by Lord Canning on July 31, the object
of which is noble in its nature — namely, to transfer the
o 2

84 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
power of punishing the mutineers from the military to the
civil authorities ; but it is the act of a doctrinaire. Nothing
could be more iU-timed and injudicious. The time to
show mercy wiU be when we have completely regained our
authority and restored peace, and when our power will be so
undoubted that we may pardon the guilty without our mercy
being attributed to fear. Then, again, if the military autho
rities, instead of judging criminals on the spot, have to send
them to Allahabad, which Lord Canning orders, or keep
them in prison, a great part of our army will be employed
in escorting prisoners and guarding gaols. The only ex
cuse for this proclamation is the impossibility of obeying
it, though it may serve to show that its author is a Christian
and an amiable man.
October 23rd. — Left Achnacarry.
October 24th, Chillingham. — The Ossulstons are going to
Compiegne for the fete there. News has arrived of the fall
of Delhi, which was stormed on September 14. The
resistance was obstinate, and our loss severe, amounting
to 60 English officers and 600 men killed and wounded.

In my diary there was of course a great deal about the
Indian mutiny, but I have quoted only enough of it to save
myself from any accusation of indifference to events which
stirred England, and, indeed, the whole civilised world, at the
time, with all the emotions to which the human mind is
liable. The atrocities of the rebels, who spared neither age
nor sex, were only equalled by the courage of the victims.
Who can measure the heroic resignation of those English
ladies first besieged and then murdered at Cawnpore and
Lucknow ? Who can measure the difficulties and personal

1857 LESSON OF THE SEPOY WAR. 85
labour of Havelock, that great Christian soldier, who died
in the cause ? That terrible Sepoy war (admirably described
by Kaye) is the moral as well as military glory of our race.
The generous Outram resigned his command to Havelock
rather than pluck a leaf from his laurels ; the veteran hero
Clyde, as strong as ever in battle, then the fiery avengers,
Neill and Rose — the former forcing the assassins of Cawn
pore to lick up the blood of their murdered victims ; the
latter traversing Central India with his army, and dealing
retribution with an unsparing sword. I have passed over
the details of these things as they happened at the time, and
as I then noted them, and also the emotions which they
created in our quiet social circle during my autumn visit to
the Highlands. May our Indian rulers profit hereafter by
this terrible lesson !

November 11th. — I was much grieved at receiving news
this morning of the death of my cousin, George Harris, who
had been my private secretary, and was now consul at
Venice. He was a remarkably clever man, and had, by his
social qualities and natural ability, obtained great influence
in the place, and made it almost a legation. Mr, Conyngham
has sent me the telegrams just received from India. Luck
now was relieved on September 25. The enemy's entrench
ments were stormed on the 26th, and on the 29th a large
part of the city was taken ; but General Neill is killed and
450 men. The death of the former is irreparable. He had
commanded the Madras Fusiliers. Our losses at Delhi are
61 officers and 1,178 men. General Nicholson has died of
his wounds ; so we have paid dearly for our victories. The
old King of Delhi was taken by Captain Hodson, fifteen
miles out of Delhi, accompanied by his chief wife, and their

86 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
lives were spared, but two of his sons and a grandson were
shot on the spot, and their bodies brought into the city and
exposed in the police office.
November 12th. — The Duchesse de Nemours died suddenly
at Claremont yesterday. She had been confined a fortnight
ago, and was going on so well, that she got up. Whilst her
maid was dressing her, she exclaimed, ' Je me meurs,' and
fell back in a fainting fit, from which she never recovered.
The Duke had gone out riding, thinking her quite well, and
on his return found her dead.
November- Wth. — The ' Times ' of to-day announces two very
important facts. One, that the Government have suspended
the Bank Charter Act ; the other that Parliament is to be
called together immediately. I have been reading the last
two volumes of Raikes's memoirs, which are very interesting,
almost entirely political, and some parts well written, though
not grammatical in places, the word ' who ' not always refer
ring to the antecedent, which produces a ludicrous effect. I
knew Raikes well,* and read the original in manuscript,
which was much more amusing than the publication. Almost
all the most racy anecdotes have been omitted, and the few
that are left, being given without the names, have no
interest. A great deal has been left out in consequence of
its not agreeing with the political opinions of the editor,
Mr. Charles Greville, who, being a Peelite, would not allow
anything against Sir Robert Peel to be published, so that
the events of 1846 are suppressed or garbled, though the
journal comes down to 1847. That year was not forgotten
by Mr. Raikes, who was an uncompromising old Tory and
Protectionist, and who let everybody know it.

1S57 HAVELOCK ASKS FOR REINFORCEMENTS. 87
November 14th. — Mrs, Augustus Villiers called and told
me the cause of the Duchesse de Nemours' death was ascer
tained to proceed from a simple drop of coagulated blood in
one of the arteries. In all other respects she was perfectly
healthy. The claims that are to be made upon England by the
merchants of various countries for compensation in conse
quence of the bombardment of Canton will, it is said,
amount to several millions.
November Wth. — Havelock has written to Sir Colin
Campbell, asking for reinforcements, as he was hemmed in
at Lucknow and could not return to Cawnpore. Sir Colin
answered that* he had not a man to send, and if he had there
were no means of transport to send them up the country.
Lord Canning is much blamed for not having organised a
transport corps since the beginning of the war. Havelock's
position is thought to be one of imminent danger. He is
now in the same position as the garrison he marched to
relieve. He has lost 500 men and his best officer. General
Neill. The English ladies who went to Compiegne for the
fetes have just returned, and seem to have been greatly
amused. The Emperor as much occupied with Madame
Walewska as ever. They were struck with the freedom in
conversation and manners of the Court, which is most
remarkable in Princess Mathilde. Their forgetfulness of all
convenances ia quite incredible, and in more than one instance
excited the disgust of the Empress as well as that of her
guests. November Wth. — A friend of Lord Canning's told me he
supposed I should speak against him. I said I had no such

88 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
intention ; was deeply sorry to hear him abused, and that I
had written to him three months ago, urging him to adopt a
vigorous line against the rebels, as the feeling in England
was very strong, and no other policy would be approved. I
had always considered Lord Canning one of my most intimate
friends. November 19th. — Poor Augustus Stafford has evidently
been killed by his doctors, judging by the evidence at the
inquest. He had first a tremendous dose of laudanum for
spasms, then was bled to the extent of thirty ounces; the
bandage afterwards coming off, he lost a good deal more
blood, and in this state of exhaustion the doctor and his
servant were obliged to keep him walking about to prevent
his dying from the laudanum. When this failed to keep
him awake, they beat the soles of his feet for several hours
with such violence that they broke the pieces of wood and
took off all the skin from his feet. This saved him for the
moment, and he went to Dublin for further advice, but died
in a few days from utter exhaustion. He told Mr. H. Herbert
that he had been horribly treated, and was dying from the
effects of that treatment. "Mr. Herbert very properly urged
an inquiry, and his father also expressing a wish to that
effect, an inquest was held, but the jury acquitted the
doctor, whose colleagues gave evidence in his favour. I hear
that Lord Strangford married Miss Lennox ten days ago.
The marriage took place at Lord Stamford's place in the
country. Lord Strangford was dying when the ceremony
was performed,
November 25th. — Good news has arrived from India; the
63rd and 93rd Queen's Regiments have joined Havelock at

1857 LAST WORDS OF LORD FITZHARDINGE, 89
Lucknow. Colonel Greathed's flying column will also join
him there from Delhi, when he will have 7,000 men, which
will enable him to remove the gai-rison. Colonel Greathed
has gained two victories over the fugitives between Delhi
and Agra, took forty-three guns and five lakhs of rupees.
Miss Anson's marriage with Mr. Curzon' is announced.
November 27th. — Received a letter from Lord Derby, who
comes to London on the 30th to have a conference with the
leaders of the party. He says he has heard from Disraeli,
who is very pugnacious. Lord Ellenborough also means to
speak his mind openly upon India, but, as usual, does not
seem willing to work with anybody else. People talk of our
victories in India as being proofs of Lord Palmerston's
glorious administration. I cannot myself see that anybody
deserves any credit for them, excepting our splendid soldiers ;
for these successes have been gained by a handful of troops
who were there at the time the mutiny broke out and before
a single man had arrived from England. Moreover, if he
had listened to Lord Ellenborough and our party, who urged
his Government to send out more troops two months sooner,
the massacre at Cawnpore and a great many other atrocities
would have been prevented.
November 30th. — Mr. Bentinck called and announced the
death of Lord Fitzhardinge, whose last words were : ' The
angel of death is hovering over Berkeley Castle, and if you
don't feed those ducks in the lower pond, I'll be d  d if
you don't lose them all.' Old habit strong in death !
December 1st. — Lord Canning is again much blamed for
1 Now Earl Howe, 1883.

90 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1857
his conduct to the talookdars, the great native landowners.
The chief of these is Maun Singh, who is one of the largest
holders of property in Oude, but had been deprived by the
late King of a considerable portion of his estates. He
promised to support us if we reinstated him. Our Govern
ment was pressed to accede to this by some of our ablest
men, but they temporised, and Maun Singh decided to act
against us, and roused all the other talookdars, and our
countrymen had scarcely obtained possession of Lucknow
when they found themselves besieged there. Saw Lord
Derby this afternoon in high spirits and evidently deter
mined to make a slashing speech, but nothing can be
arranged till he has read the Queen's Speech.
December 2nd. — I was greatly shocked on my return home
i:o hear of the death of Norman Macdonald from apoplexy.
We had been great friends since we were at Oriel, He was
Vice-Chamberlain to the Queen. He was calling on Lady
Ely at the moment of his seizure, and died the same day.
He was a very obliging and friendly man, and much liked in
society. December 3rd. — The Queen opened Parliarnent to-day.
The Duchess of Manchester was in the House. She was
full of Compiegne. When Lord Derby got up, people ceased
talking. His speech was very good, some parts extremely
eloquent. He attacked Lord Canning and the Government
in England and quizzed Mr. Vernon Smith unmercifully.
Lord Granville made no defence either for the Government
or for his friend Lord Canning, simply saying that they
must stand or fall by their own acts. Lord Ellenborough
then made a very good, short, and energetic speech, but in
rather too loud and overbearing a tone. The Duke of

1857 RELIEF OF LUCKNOW. 91
Argyll followed; Lord Panmure speaking as usual with his
terrible fluency. Lady Stuart de Rothesay is now a sort of
authority upon India, and if she gave her information in a
less voluble manner would be a great acquisition at this
moment. One amusing anecdote she related was about a
court-martial which assembled to try a prisoner. When it
was over, one of the officers, happening to go into the
verandah, knocked against something which proved to be
the body of the accused, whom the soldiers placed to guard
him had hanged during the deliberations, fearing that he
might be let off.
December Wth. — The news from India continues good.
Our forces, under the splendid leadership of Grant, Outram,
Sir Colin Campbell, and Havelock, are holding their own
against Nana Sahib with 50,000 men.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer moved last night for
the reappointment of the select committee to inquire into
the operation of all the Bank Acts. Disraeli moved an
amendment, which was rejected by a majority of 178.
December 24th. — Great news from India. Lucknow
taken, on November 17, Sir Colin Campbell reached Alum-
bagh on November 12, began fighting the next day, and
took several positions. He crossed the canal on the 16 th,
and, after an obstinate struggle, took Secunderabad. Early
on the 17th communication was opened up with the bar
racks. A long cannonade was commenced, and the place
was carried by assault. The troops pushed on and occupied
Motee Mahal before dark. Generals Outram and Havelock
then met Sir Colin Campbell, and a most affecting scene took
place. At Delhi twenty-four inferior members of the royal
family were executed by sentence of a military commission.

92 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858

1858
January 1st. — A summer's day,
January 7th. — News has arrived of Havelock's death
from dysentery, produced by anxiety and exposure. He has
left an immortal name. General Wyndham has been defeated
at Cawnpore by the Gwalior insurgents. One regiment, the
64th, suffered greatly, and its tents and baggage were taken.
Sir Colin Campbell hearing of this disaster, marched upon
Cawnpore, attacked the Gwalior army, and totally defeated it.
January Wth. — An infamous attempt was made on the
14th to assassinate the Emperor Napoleon. Three grenades
were thrown at his carriage as it stopped at the door of the
Opera-house, and all exploded, shattering the carriage, kill
ing the horses, and wounding a great number of persons, but
the Emperor and Empress were unhurt. The Emperor's hat
was torn and his forehead slightly scratched, as also was the
Empress's cheek. Their reception by the audience at the
Opera was most enthusiastic, and their return to the Tuileries
a perfect ovation. The number of wounded is 102. Twenty-
seven persons are arrested, all of them Italians. Orsini the
chief was himself severely wounded, which prevented his
escaping, and led to his apprehension. His servant foolishly
went about inquiring after his master, and when asked his
name, fainted. On his recovery he was threatened with
arrest if he did not give his address. He did so, and the
gendarme went to his house and found Orsini in bed with
a severe wound in the head. On seeing them he exclaimed

1858 THE PRINCESS ROYAL'S WEDDING. 93
' Je suis perdu,' and then attempted to pass himself off as
an Englishman, but his accent betrayed him.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Heron Court: January 17, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — If you have an opportunity, pray be so kind
as to express to the Emperor my congratulations at his wonderful
escape. In common with all Europe I rejoice at it for public
reasons, but do so also from personal feelings for him. The French
must admire the defence of Lucknow, say what they will. They
may have generals who would have done as well as Inglis in
defending the place, but they have no one who could have written
his simple though eloquent despatch. Tours truly, Malmesbury.
January 20th. — We are asked to the Princess Royal's
wedding. January 21st. — The Queen was exceedingly gracious to
me at the ball yesterday, expressing her regret that Lady
Malmesbury could not attend. I was much amused at over
hearing a conversation between Persigny and Sir George
Lewis on the subject of the attempt on Louis Napoleon. Sir
George affirmed that the cause of the attempt was the
occupation of Rome by the French. Persigny replied, ' If
we were not there, the Austrians would be.' The other
answered: 'In that case, the Emperor of ' Austria would
have been assassinated.' Persigny, at this, got into a tower
ing passion, and said that the cases were quite different.
The Emperor of Austria had two hundred heirs to the Crown,
and the Emperor of France only one. I tried to appease
him, for he was in a perfect fury, and accompanied him into
one of the outer rooms, where we sat talking for half an hour.
January 25th. — The marriage of the Princess Royal with

94 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
Prince Frederick William of Prussia takes place to-day.
Immense crowds assembled to see the carriage go to the
Chapel Royal. The ' Morning Post ' says Lord Palmerston
carried the sword of State ' with an easy grace and dignity ; '
the ' Times ' says ' with a ponderous solemnity.' The
Princess Royal was quite composed.
February 1st. — Persigny is much alarmed at the state of
public feeling with respect to the refugees, and says that if
England does not make some concession we must have war.
The Emperor will do all he can to keep peace, but fears he
will be unable to do so should we remain obstinate. This
will oblige us to make some alteration in our laws respecting
refugees,' for at this moment, when our resources are taxed
to the utmost to reconquer India, we are not in a position to
have war with anyone.
February 9th. — Lord Palmerston introduced his bill for
an amendment of the law respecting refugees yesterday
evening. It was very ill received, and the debate adjourned.
The only alteration proposed, however, is to make conspiracy
to murder felony instead of a misdemeanour, which it has
hitherto been ; but the Emperor has given such offence by
countenancing the insults offered to England by the French
colonels, that John Bull has got his back up, and though the
Emperor declares that he did not know of these addresses of
the colonels in the.' Moniteur,' and regrets them, England is
greatly offended, and not disposed to please France. A vote
^ England is now paying for her long-continued reception and protection
of well-known assassins' who 'have fled from justice to, our shores to teach
our criminals the mysteries of dynamite and other deadly compounds. The
first inventor of these, and of the clocliworli: apparatus for exploding them,
was a German, who had prepared the destruction of a ship during- its passage
to America,

1858 THE REFUGEE BILL. 95
of thaSks to the Government and army of India was also
proposed yesterday. Palmerston had given notice that a
vote of thanks to the army and navy of India would be
moved on February 8. He then, without any notice, added
Lord Canning, Lord Harris, and Lord Elphinstone. This,
of course, gave rise to great discussion, and many things
were said which must be very painful to Lord Canning.
Lord Palmerston was obliged to declare that if the vote
passed it would not prevent any future discussion on Lord
Canning's conduct. Lord Elphinstone's name was loudly
cheered by all parties, who agreed that he had thoroughly
deserved the thanks of Parliament.
Feh-uary 10th. — The discussion on the Refugee Bill was
resumed yesterday. Lord John Russell spoke against it.
Disraeli supported the Government, and the House divided
in favour of the bill by a majority of 299 against 99.
February Wth. — Lord Grey in the House of Lords pre
sented a petition of the East India Company, protesting
against its abolition, and made a very fine speech.
February Wth. — Lord Palmerston introduced his bill for
the abolition of the East India Company, bringing no accusa
tion against it, or giving any intelligible reason for this act
of spoliation. February 17 th, Heron Court. — Lord and Lady Derby arrived
with Lord Ossulston. The former talked very openly upon
politics, and evidently will not refuse office if it is offered him.
February Wth. — Hard black frost. We went out wild
fowl shooting. The Bill for the Abolition of Church-rates

96 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
passed in the House of Commons by a majority of 53. Mr.
Tom Baring's amendment to the India Bill defeated by 145.
February 20th. — Ossulston, who left yesterday, arrived
again at four o'clock, bringing the news of the defeat of the
Government upon Mr. Milner Gibson's amendment to the
Refugee Bill, which was to the following effect : ' That this
House hears with much concern that it is alleged that recent
attempts upon the life of the Emperor of the French have
been devised in England, and expresses its detestation of
such guilty enterprises. That this House is ready at all
times to assist in remedying any defects in the Criminal Law,
which, after due investigation, are proved to exist, yet it
cannot but regret that Her Majesty's Government, previously
to inviting the House to amend the law of conspiracy, at the
present tinie has not felt it to be their duty to make some
reply to the important despatch received from the French
Government, dated Paris, Jan. 20.' The majority of our
party voted for the amendment, which was carried by a
majority of nineteen — 234 against 215. Lord Palmerston
made a very intemperate speech, and actually shook his fist at
the Manchester clique. Disraeli's face was worth anything —
a mixture of triumph and sarcasm that he could not repress.
Ossulston voted with the Government.
February 21st. — I got a letter this morning saying that
Lord Palmerston has resigned, and that Lord Derby would
be sent for. I telegraphed to Lord Lonsdale, ' What news ?
Ought I to come?' and the answer arrived at two o'clock,
simply saying, 'Come up directly,' So it is evident Lord
Derby is sent for.
I go up to London to-morrow.

1858 COMPOSITION OF THE CABINET. 97
February 22nd. — Went to London, and found that Lord
Derby had accepted office. He has requested me to take the
department of the Foreign Office. Lord Ellenborough has
the India Board; Bulwer joins in the Colonial Office; Glad
stone and Lord Grey refuse to join, and Lord St, Leonards is
succeeded by Sir Frederick Thesiger as Lord Chancellor,
The War Office and Admiralty are not yet filled up,
February 24th. — The Cabinet is made up as follows :
Premier, Lord Derby ; Lord Chancellor, Lord Chelmsford ;
President of the Council, Lord Salisbury ; ' Privy Seal,
Lord Hardwicke ; ^ Foreign Office, Lord Malmesbury ;
Home Office, Mr, Walpole; Colonies, Sir E. Bulwer-
Lytton ; ' Admiralty, Sh* John Pakington ; War Office,
General Peel ; Board of Trade, Mr. Henley ; First Com
missioner of Works, Lord John Manners ; Board of
Control, Lord Ellenborough ; ¦* Chancellor of the Exchequer,
Mr. Disraeli. In giving me the Foreign Office, Lord Derby
has imposed a very great responsibility upon me. At this
moment our relations with France are in a state of more
than tension, and it will require the utmost temper both
in this country and there to clear away the clouds that
threaten a storm. I have great confidence, not only in the
good sense of the Emperor, but also in what I consider to be
the undoubted disposition he entertains to do all he can to
keep well with England. In the numberless conversations I
have had with him, I have always observed this feeling to be
uppermost, and that he is quite aware that his uncle owed
» The Marquis of Salisbury died April 1868.
" The Earl of Hardwicke died September 1873.
^ Lord Lytton died in January 1873.
*' The Earl of Ellenborough died September 1871.
VOL. II. H

98 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
his great misfortunes principally to his constant enmity to
this country. I do not feel so much confidence in his
Ministers, Walewski and Persigny, but I hope and believe
that he holds them firmly in hand, and that he will not allow
their prejudices or passions to act upon his policy.
February 25th. — All the arrangements are completed, and
the new Ministers kiss hands to-morrow. Lord Derby is to
make his statement on Monday. Mr. Seymour Fitzgerald is
Under-Secretary to the Foreign Office, and I have appointed
Mr. Bidwell and Mr. Wolff' as my private secretaries.
February 26i/i.— The hard frost continues. Lord Derby's
Government has several times been on the point of breaking
down. The worst hitch happened yesterday. Lytton was
forced to resign the Colonies, finding that he could not be
re-elected for Hertfordshire. I persuaded Lord Stanley to
take the office to serve his father's Government, so all is
right again. From Lord M. to Lord Cowley."^
London : February 27, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — I have only a moment to say that 1 am glad
to find an old friend and one so eminently useful as yourself still
at Paris. I hope you will give me your assistance as willingly as
you did in 1852. Persigny declares, sur la tete de ses enfants, that
the animus is good at the Tuileries. Tours sincerely, MALMESBUEY.
1 Now Sir Henry Wolif, M.P. for Portsmouth.
' Earl Cowley died in 1884, after a most distinguished career in diplo
macy. I never knew a man of business so naturally gifted for that profession.
Straightforward himself, he easily discovered guile in others who sought to
deceive him, and this was well known to such. He remained ambassador at
Paris till 1867, and was not a little assisted by the remarkable intelligence
of his wife, ?i<?e de Ros, and by her knowledge of the world, of society, and
of courts.

1858 LORD STANLEY SECRET.MIY FOR THE COLONII';S. 09
3Iarch 1st. — Lord Derby made his statement this after
noon to an immensely full House, and spoke well. Lady
Malmesbury has come up, which is a great comfort to me, as
I have been here without servants or carriage, obliged to
dine at my club, where I am surrounded by discontented
faces, and worried by those who want places. Lord Stanley
is Secretary for the Colonies in the place of Sir E. Lytton.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office: March ], 18.58.
My dear Cowley, — -There can be no doubt that you will be
rendering a public service at this moment in assisting me to calm
the wayward spirits on both sides the Channel. That is the first
and most important poiat. Then again no one is, or can be, satu
rated (this is Clarendon's word) like you with the questions
emanating from the Treaty of Paris and impending in the approach
ing Conferences. After all this is settled, and if I am still in office,
it will be time to talk over your personal wishes respecting yours.
I therefore, with much pleasure, consider you to have complied with
every request. I will write again to-night if I have anything to
tell you after Lord Derby's statement. Pray mention that we
think of sending some respectable gentleman to Naples to watch the
trial of the Engineers, and give a fair and complete report of their
state. He will merely take a letter to Caraffa, and not stay a day
after the business is settled. The French appear to have acted
loyalement in this bu.siness at Naples, and they need not think that
we have any arriere-pensee. There is now only a Deputy Vice-
Consul to report, of whom I personally know nothing.
Tours sincerely, Malmesbukt.
March 2nd. — Lord Grey said to Lady Tankerville that he
would have joined Lord Derby's Government if it had not
been for Mr. Disraeli, and that Mr. Gladstone would also
have joined him had he been offered the leadership of the
Commons. The Duchess of Manchester is made Mistress of
the Robes, vice the Duchess of Wellington. The Duke of
H 2

100 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
Wellington has given his adherence to Lord Derby, although
he accepted the Garter from Lord Palmerston, and Lord
Derby had given away his place at Court to the Duke of
Beaufort. From Lord M. to Lord Cowley. London : March 2, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — We find it utterly impossible to proceed with
Palmerston's Bill. Lord John Russell has thrown himself into the
arms of the Radicals, by whom he has been gladly taken, and he
and Gladstone have pledged themselves, with 140 men, to interrupt
any bill, in any way, and for any time. If we are beaten now. Lord
John must be the next man. Clarendon agreed with me that all
moderate men must deprecate such an advent accompanied by a
Reform Bill, which would make the House of Commons a revolu
tionary and unmanageable body. . . . Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley. London : March 2, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — I must now inform you ou nous en sommes
with M. de Persigny upon the Refugee question. 1 had two inter.
views yesterday with him, and Lord Derby had another, in which
we laid before him (according to previous agreement) the model of
such a despatch as might satisfy the House of Commons. It was
a suitable protest against the insinuations contained in Count
Walewski's despatch of January 28, and would at the same time
allow the French Government to find a dignified ecJiappatoire
from the present position, so painful to all parties. To the general
tone, Persigny made no objection, but he pressed earnestly that we
should not enter into any argument in defence of our law, but
confine ourselves to vindicating the honour and character of the
English people. . . ,
Prepare, therefore, the way for this course and consummation ;
it is difficult and almost impossible to do so here satisfactorily.
With the best, animus, Persigny is so emjyorte, that we cannot reason
with him ; his vehemence and excitability make interviews anything
bnt agreeable. I wish particularly to avoid any sort of complaint

1858 MT REPLY TO WALEWSKI'S DESPATCH. 101
being made of him to his enemy, Walewski, or even to the Emperor
upon this score ; but there is one point which you must press upon
the Empei-or, and which he must in his turn press upon Persigny —
namely, that it is utterly fatal to tho carrying out of delicate opera.
tions, or even of routine business, if he repeats and relates to the
Opposition all that passes between him and Her Majesty's Ministers.
After my first conversation on the 20th, in which we proposed a
course somewhat similar to the present, he went and related the
whole to Lord Palmerston, and, that you may not doubt tho fact,
he himself told me that he had done so, together with Palmerston's
observations. Tou know well enough tbat, whatever the Govern
ment, and whatever the Opposition, it is impossible to carry on po
litical matters unless the Foreign Ambassadors are tongue-tied with
the Opposition. It always was looked upon as a point of honour,
just as it is with our own, many of whom must be always opposed
to the de facto Government in opinions. Pray, then, let him be
warned by his master, but not by his fellow-servant, whom he hates
with all the bitterness imaginable. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
March 4th. — Sent my despatch in answer to Walewski's
to-day. Sir E. Lytton is offended with Lord Derby, whom
he accuses of having acted with unjustifiable haste in filling
up the Secretaryship of the Colonies. It appears there was
some misunderstanding between the two — that Lytton only
said he was not sure of his re-election, which Lord Derby
understood to be a positive statement that he could not re-
obtain his seat. From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : March i, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — I send you a despatch which is intended by
us to be the reply to Walewski's unfortunate production, and which
you will present at once, unless you see good reason for the contrary,
which you will announce by telegraph. The Cabinet find that to
pass Lord Palmerston's bill is impossible. Even were it not so, it
would be so opposed by J. Russell, Gladstone, and the Radicals,

102 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER, 1858
that with 140 followers they could keep the question open, and
becoming daily a sorer wound, for a month. Do not pledge us
to any reform of the law whatever. The law is itself on its trial in
trying Truelove and Bernard. Three others, including Pyat, are to
be prosecuted for an infamous libel recommending the murder of
the Emperor. Tou will easily understand that the sentence in the
despatch alluding to the law having been unused by our Govern
ment from reasons of discretion means a want of evidence, or a
fear of giving too much notoriety and false importance to the
refugee conspirators. But really you ought to remind the Emperor
of his view of the case of these scoundrels in 1862, when I came
into office. Anstria, Russia, &c., had addressed the strongest
remonstrance to us against the refugees, and invited France to join
them. He treated them with contempt, and no one expressed it
more strongly from him than Walewski, then Ambassador in
London. I think he may be reminded of this. If we fail in our
prosecutions our hands will be strengthened, and the popular feeling
may abate ; but it is now passion and not reason, and our Parlia
mentary opponents are making capital of it. If the Emperor, then,
possesses any of his former sagacity, he will see that he had better
drop so hot a coal. ' I have been utterly misunderstood ; 1 meant to
demand nothing ; but, after showing to England, whom I beUeve
to be a friend and ally, the danger I have been in, and suggesting
by what means she might assist in preventing a repetition of such
a tragedy, I am met with misconstruction, and even hostile lan
guage. Trusting, therefore, to God, <fec., France, &c., I shall say
no more about it.' If done in a dignified manner, I think it would
have a good efi'ect on all here, except those whose profit it is to
work up a row, and he might put in language which, whilst it
made his people angry with us, would consign the quarrel to the
tomb of Pritchard. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
March 6th. — M. de Persigny is furious at our party coming
into office, as he is devoted to Lord Palmerston, and instead
of assisting me to restore the friendly feeling lately subsist
ing between England and France, has done all he can to
prevent my attaining that object; not only by relating to

1858 QIJEAT FIRE AT SIR WATKIN WYNX'S. lO:)
Lord Palmerston all that passes between us, but by writing
letters to the Emperor to increase his irritation. My im
pression is that the Emperor is pretending to be more angry
than he really is to please the French ; but that, if we are firm,
he will give way, and intends to do so. I believe, however, that
the late attempt on his life has greatly shaken his nerves,
that he is spoilt by a life of ease and pleasure, and does not
stand being shot at as well as he used to do. Lord Brougham
says that Bernard, the assassin, would be bailed, as there were
people ready to put down money to any amount, and if he
were, he would leave the country. This would greatly compli
cate our difficulties with France.' There was a great party
last night at Lord Palmerston's, and the language of the
Opposition was very bitter. They look upon office as their
birthright, and upon those who deprive them of it as
brigands who have robbed them of their property.
March 9th. — Sir Watkin Wynn's place in Wales has
been burned down. The company that was in the house
had only time to escape in their night-clothes. They rushed
out by the back door, the ground being covered with snow,
and a tremendous gale blowing, and the poor women stood
long in it without any other covering. The fright and ex
citement probably saved their lives. After the confusion had
somewhat subsided, some coats were found, and they were
taken to a house in the neighbourhood. Lady Wynn's
jewels and plate were saved, and also the title-deeds of the
estate ; but Lady Vane lost everything, clothes and jewels, to
the value of 5,000^, A few pictures were saved, and fortu
nately the most valuable ones by the old masters had been
' Dr. Bernard was concerned in the attempt ou the Emperor's life.

104 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
sent to the Manchester Exhibition, The damage is estimated
at 100,000L March Wth. — Walewski's answer to my despatch arrived
this afternoon. Persigny, who is very unwell, got out of bed
on purpose to bring it to me. He thinks all the annoyance
this business has occasioned him is the cause of his illness.
The tone of Walewski's despatch is very friendly, and must
be considered as giving full satisfaction to England. It is
even better than I expected from Lord Cowley's letters.
Persigny, when he presented it, announced that he had re
signed his post of Ambassador. As soon as he left I went
to Lord Derby at the Treasury, and he was much pleased,
the more so as he feared it would not have arrived in time to
enable Disraeli to announce its receipt to-day to the House
of Commons, which meets for the first time since the ad
journment. He had been with Lord Derby a short time
before I arrived, and was much annoyed at the delay in the
arrival of the despatch, so that when Lord Derby sent a
message to him asking him to come to him, as Lord Malmes
bury was there, he rushed up in such a desperate hurry that
he nearly knocked over the messenger, and entered the room
in a great state of excitement. When the despatch was pro
duced, his delight was indescribable and amazingly demon
strative, considering the usually phlegmatic manner in which
he receives news of all kinds,
March Wth. — The House of Commons showed a hostile
feeling yesterday, Not a word of satisfaction was expressed
by the Opposition at the settlement of the quarrel with
France, whilst a violent attack was made upon the Govern
ment for not taking immediate steps for procuring the re-

1858 THE 'CAGLIARI' AFFAIR. 105
lease of the English engineers who were imprisoned at
Naples, having been captured in the ' Cagliari,' This was
a Sardinian ship, freighted and manned by the Carbonari,
and intended to land a party in Calabria to stir up that part
of Italy, No doubt this object was known to the Sardinian
Government, and was to provoke a war, either through the
seizure of the ship or from the attack thus intended. The
two English engineers. Watt and Park, were made prisoners
in her, and confined at Naples, A bitter contention has been
going on for some time between that Government and ours
as to their release, and also as to the legality of the seizure
of the ' Cagliari,' the Government of Naples positively refus
ing to give way on either subject. The Cabinet to-day
lasted four hours, I shall lay the correspondence with
France on the table of the House of Lords, next Monday,
Walewski's explanation is more satisfactory than we could
expect, considering that we did not give the slightest hope
of any concession ; but, of course, it is far from cordial, and
if unfortunately any more attempts are made on the Em
peror's life by refugees from England, war will inevitably
ensue, March 14th. — Lady Tankerville dined at Lady Palmer
ston's, where she met the Persignys — -Madame in dreadfully
low spirits at having to return to Paris. Count E^man- 0<
segge, the Hanoverian Minister, told her it was perfectly
ridiculous in Persigny to make such scenes because Lord
Palmerston was turned out and Lord Derby come in; that a
foreign ambassador ought to have no politics except those of
his own country, and it ought to make no difference to him
which party was in office, it being his duty to be friends with
all. I hope Persigny is really going over, as I am sure it

106 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
would be both difficult and disagreeable for me to have any
thing to do with him. He is perfectly untrustworthy, re
peats everything to Lord Palmerston, and even appears to
act according to his instructions. The first time I met him
at the Foreign Office he literally raved, laying his hand on
the hilt of his sword (he was in Court dress), and shouting,
' C'est la guerre ! c'est la guerre ! ' during which scene I sat
perfectly silent and unmoved, till he was blown, which is the
best way of meeting such explosions from foreigners.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : March 14, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — Tour letter of the 13th is very important,
and must give rise to the most serious apprehensions, because it
foresees the possibility — nay, the likelihood — of our being, by a mere
change of a Minister here, the victims of one man's views, and that
man not the Emperor. Now I should like to have from you (for no
one else can tell me) what are Walewski's views ? What is his
but ? With regard to Persigny, we are old personal friends, and I
congratulated myself on finding him Ambassador at this timo, but
he has behaved in so extraordinary a manner, not only by repeating
the confidential conversations which Lord Derby and I had with
him to Palmerston, but by going about in the salons and abusing
his successors with the language and manner of an electioneering
agent — in short, with such a total want of dignity and common
discretion, that the whole Corps Diplomatique are in amazement.
I shall consider such to be bygones if his importance here is what
you describe ; but it is absolutely indispensable for the furtherance
of friendly communications between him and me that he should
play his role in the humdrum way — namely, keeping his ears and
eyes open, and his mouth shut, and, above all, not meddling as a
partisan in domestic politics. If it ever were known to the public
that a foreigner did this, the Press and their readers would be
utterly unmanageable on the subject. Pray, then, give me your
opinion of Walewski's political views, and why he wants to quarrel
with a country the hostility of which was the cause of the first
Emperor's fall ? His character is not grand enough to think of

18.)8 THE 'POST' WRITES ME D')WN. 107
revenge ! Wo shall lay the ' Cagliari ' papers before Parliament, and
probably refer the question again to our Crown lawyers. It was a
great indiscretion — if not worse— of Azeglio to publish Phillimore's
opinion. Bernstorff" is trying to obtain the freedom of the engi
neers, and if you have a chance, pray observe to the Neapolitan
Envoy at Paris that their liberty must be the first and indispensable
step to a reconciliation with his Government. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
March Wth. — The House of Commons showed a sulky
feeling yesterday. Not one word of satisfaction was ex
pressed by the Opposition at the settlement of the quarrel
with France, whilst a violent attack was made upon the
Government for not taking immediate steps to procure the
release of the English engineers taken in the ' Cagliari ' at
Naples. I offered the Embassy at Vienna to Lord Stanhope,'
who refused, saying that he was too old.
March Wth. — The remarks of all the papers on the corre
spondence with the French Government are favourable, except
those of the ' Post,' which obeys the orders of the Emperor
to write me down. The 'Times 'is most complimentary,
Disraeli, encouraged by a good attendance of our party, spoke
extremely well on the ' Cagliari ' question.
March Wth. — The Neapolitan Government have released
the engineer Watt, on the representation of Mr. Lyons, who
reached Naples on the 11th. Park is still in confinement
at Palermo, where Mr, Lyons is going to see him. Our
Government has hitherto been fortunate. In the short space
of three weeks we have arranged the misunderstanding with
France, with the exception of the feeling of irritation, which
^ The late Lord Stnnbope, the historiati.

108 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
time only can appease, and which is inevitable, as we have
refused all concessions on the Refugee question and the
claims of the French Government for their extradition. We
have obtained the release of the engineer Watt, and a pro
mise of the immediate trial of Park,
March 20th. — Dined at Lady Molesworth's last night,
where we met the Palmerstons and Madame de Persigny,
who was crying at her husband's having given up the Em
bassy, She still seemed to hope they might stay. At that
moment Persigny arrived, walked straight up to her, without
noticing anybody else, and whispered in her ear. She got
up, and went into another room, he following; and they
walked about the rooms, out of one into another, in a state
of great agitation, Persigny ending by rushing out of the
house, to the amazement of the company, to none of whom
had he said a word ! I had an audience of the Queen this
afternoon at six. Her Majesty kept me for an hour, and
made me sit down — an honour seldom granted. I dined with
the Montroses.
March 22nd. — I presented Baron Brunnow as Minister
Plenipotentiary of Russia. The Queen received him well.
She gave me an audience first, so Brunnow was obliged to
wait, which must have annoyed him, as he said to me yester
day : ' Ne me faites pas attendre au Palais. Lord Palmer
ston me faisait attendre une ou deux heures, et quelquefois
ne venait pas du tout.' This unpunctuality of Lord Palmer
ston's was the grievance and terror of the whole Corps Diplo
matique, and Van de Weyer assured me that during his
mission he had read through the eight volumes of ' Clarissa
Harlowe ' in the ante-room, waiting for audiences of Lord

1858 PERSIGNY RESIGNS 109
Palmerston. A Levee and Cabinet afterwards. Dined at the
Palace. Lord Brougham is trying to bring about a recon
ciliation between Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell,
and is very spiteful in his manner towards our party in the
House of Lords. I believe the Duke of Bedford opposes it.
From Lord M. to Lord Coivley.
Foreign Office : March 23, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — As soon as your telegram arrived I went to
the Queen and informed Her Majesty of the intentions of the Em
peror in respect of his new Ambassador at her Court. I never saw
the Queen more pleased, not only at the choice of so distinguished
a person as the Due de Malakofi", but also at the remarkable
delicacy which prompted his Imperial Majesty to select one whose
name is so familiar and so popular in this country. The Queen
begged me not to lose a moment in replying to you by telegraph
how much she felt the compliment thus paid her. I need not tell
you tbat personally I am rejoiced at the choice. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
March 24th. — I hear the Emperor was unwilling to accept
Persigny's resignation, and kept it some days in his pocket
without telling Walewski, who, hearing of it, went to the
Emperor and insisted on his accepting it, under a threat of
resigning himself. The Emperor, who is supposed to be still
influenced by Madame Walewska, gave in, and Walewski at
once sent a courier to Persigny announcing the fact. The
bag contained only one despatch, and that was in these
words : ' Votre demission est acceptee.' Poor Persigny was
furious at this insult, and I have no doubt on his return to
Paris he will succeed in regaining the Emperor's ear, for
Walewski in his heart is no friend to the English alliance,
and is all for Russia. It is now settled and announced that
Marshal Pelissier is to succeed Persigny. Baron Brunnow

110 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
is much annoyed, as he expected and wished his friend the
Marquis de Moustier to get the place. De Moustier is very
Russian in his policy.
March 25th. — The Jew Bill has passed the House of
Commons by a majority of 153. Mr. Roebuck's motion for
the abolition of the Irish Lord-Lieutenancy was rejected by a
majority of 127. I have nominated Mr, Elliot' as Minister
to Copenhagen, Lord Augustus Loftus to Vienna, and Sir
John Crampton to St, Petersburg. They are all promotions
in the line and by seniority. A subscription is being raised
to give Madame de Persigny a bracelet from the ladies.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : March 25, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — Society was at first startled by a Marshal's
arrival, and the diplomatists, particularly, looked glum, but I
think more at what they knew was a compliment and earnest of
the Emperor's goodwill than because they thought it hostile. Al
most all hate our close alliance with France, and could not conceal
their joy during the late squabble between us. Brunnow is utterly
disgusted. The Queen and Prince have again expressed their satis
faction at the Marshal's appointment. I have submitted to the law
ofiicers your question as to Bernard's surrender. He will be tried
almost immediately on the felonious indictment; but we fear that
at that we may fail, for in neither country could a man be prose.
cnted for being an accessory to a murder committed abroad by one
foreigner upon another. If Orsini had been English, or any English
man had been concerned in the actual murder, there would have been
no difficulty in bringing Bernard under the English statute. If that
fails, the other indictment will stand. Allsopp does not come under
our Extradition Treaty with the United States, but we hear he has
bolted, and will most likely be brought over by some kidnappers
from the Havanas or Panama for the 200?. I think it quite as well
that Pelissier should not come till tho 12th. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
' Son of Lord Minto.

1853 SIMON BERNARD TO BE TRIED. Ill
From the same to the same.
Foreign Office : March 27, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — I think it as well to inform you that I
have taken the opinion of the law officer-s on tho question
whether the French Government can demand the extradition of
Simon Bernard, and whether Her Majesty's Government would be
empowered to surrender him if such demand were made, and I
have been informed by them in reply that Simon Bernard, not
having been accused of the crime of murder committed ' within the
jurisdiction of the requiring party' (the Emperor of the French),
the foreign Government cannot, under the Convention of 1843,
demand his extradition, and that Her Majesty's Government would
not be empowered or authorised to surrender Simon Bernard if
such demand were made. Tou will inform Count Walewski of
this, and that Bernard will be tried by a Special Commission next
month. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
March 30th. — I dined with the Persignys, Lady Shaftes
bury called to show us three bracelets, on which she wished
to have our opinion. We selected two, and proposed giving
Madame de Persigny the choice, to which she assented.
April 5th. — A hurricane from the north-east. M. d'Azeglio
arrived, and I appointed to meet him at the Foreign Office.
I think he is disposed to give us trouble about the ' Cagliari '
question. I believe it to be quite true that Lord John has
refused to join Palmerston, who tried to persuade him to
coalesce with him to turn us out ; but Lord John remembers
the way he was treated by Palmerston, and will not hear
of a coalition with him or his party.
April 6th. — Went to Windsor.
April 7th. — Lady Palmerston has done everything to

112 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
persuade Lord John Russell to coalesce with her husband
and turn us out, but Lord John will not hear of a coalition.
Lucknow was stormed on March 9, and completely in our
possession on the 15th.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : April 10, 1858.
My dear Cowloy, — As I shall see you so soon, it is hardly worth
while troubling you with a letter, but I wish you to ascertain before
you come over whether the French are prepared soon to renew
with us our diplomatic relations with Naples. I cannot do so till
the ' Cagliari ' case is settled, and I can't settle it till I have our
Crown lawyer's opinion, which I shall receive on Monday. I have
little doubt as to what it will be in respect of the long detention of
Watt and Park — namely, against the Neapolitan Government ; and
if so, we shall have to ask for compensation. I hear that the
Neapolitan Government are very anxious to renew their relations,
and this would make my demand go down more easily. What
would the French ask as to their conditions ? I am in a singular
position on this question. 1 am made Minister on purpose to resist
interference on the part of France with our laws, and 1 am also
expected to keep up a quarrel with Naples in support of interference
with their institutions. What a set we are ! Tours sincerely, Malmesbdrt.
From the same to the same.
Foreign Office : April 13, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — I shall be very glad to see you, as I want to
consult you on a great many subjects. The law officers have
unanimously declared the detention of Watt and Park illegal, and
that they have a right to redress for this, and compensation for loss
of reason and health, which in men of that class amounts to starva
tion. The Government will therefore demand it. If we had had a
Minister at Naples, these men would have been out in a week.
Pray tell all this to Walewski frankly, and that I am ready to march
with him at the proper time. If you can get any good advice from
any quarter given to the King on the subject of acceding to our

1858 ACQUITTAL OF SIMON BBRNARD. 113
demand, pray do so. How would you settle the ' Cagliari ' affixir if
(as it will be) there are four great lawyers in favour of the seizure
and three against it ? Is there any precedent for such a doubtful
but important case being submitted to a committee of governments,
or to a mediator, if he can be so called ? How is maritime law to
be settled for all of us ? I wish we had half our China fleet here at
home. I fear nothing will be done. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
April 14th. — I got a letter this morning from Colonel
Phipps, saying that the Queen wished us to put off our pro
posed dinner to the Due de Malakoff, as he is only to arrive
to-morrow, and it is etiquette that he should dine first at
the Palace. I therefore wrote to all our guests to appoint
another day. Two hours after another letter arrived from
Her Majesty saying that we could appoint any other day we
liked, and that if we acquainted the Queen with the date
fixed upon she would not give a dinner on that day, so as
not to interfere with us. We therefore fixed the 24th, and
of course asked the same set as I had invited for the 17th.
What could be more gracious and good-natured than this on
the part of Her Majesty ?
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : April 15, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — . . . . This acquittal of Bernard is a very pain
ful affair. There was cheering and every sort of rascally demonstra
tion disgraceful to our country. Pehssier was very well received ;
and the Queen and he mutually pleased with each other. He dines
at the Palace to-night, where I am to meet him. The Queen is much
disappointed at your not being over here, as she thought you might
be, to join the party. Tours sincerely, Malmbsbuey.
VOL. II, I

114 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
From the same to the same.
Foreign Office : April 15, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — I think you may as well announce to Walew-
ski, officieusement, that our lawyers, being unanimous on the question
of detaining our engineers — that they were so detained unlawfully
and are entitled to compensation — I have demanded the same from
CaraSa in a civil letter ; this is an English case. The other, the
capture of the ship, interests all maritime Powers, and, therefore,
Great Britain the first. But here, out of seven English lawyers
consulted, three say the capture was legal, four illegal. We can-
not, therefore, in this position take a strong line, although Sardinia
is trying, with a somewhat unfriendly zeal, to put the pressure of
popular feeling upon us. It would be very desirable to induce the
King to play the part of a Gtand Roi, to give our men a competent
sum, and to liberate the Sardinian ship and crew. We can't ask
him to own himself in the wrong when the majority of our lawyers
are for him ; but this plan would save his amour-propre, and put an
end to a question which, in the temper of Sardinia de se faire
mousser, might bring on an Italian conflagration — which God for
bid ! Would the French give good advice to their two Italian
Courts ? Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
April Wth. — The Due de Malakoff called upon me, but
did not touch upon business. He talked of the Crimea the
whole time. I presented him to the Queen at three o'clock.
He had never seen Prince Albert, and, as the Queen did not
present him, he evidently took him for some lord-in- waiting,
for he turned his back upon him whilst talking to the Queen,
Suddenly it seemed to occur to him who the Prince was, for he
turned towards him and exclaimed, ' Comment ! c'est vous ! '
and made a low bow. The Queen and Prince were much
amused. I have sent a despatch to Naples asking for com
pensation for the imprisonment of the engineers. Disraeli
announced it this afternoon in the House of Commons, and
it was received with cheers from all parts of the House.

1858 THE DUC DE MALAKOFF'S RECEPTION. 115
April 17th.— Dined at the Palace. The Duchess of Man
chester, the Breadalbanes, the Duke and Duchess of Cam
bridge, the Due de Malakoff, General Sir James Simpson,
Sir William Codrington, &c. Lady Churchill, who was
in waiting, looked charming — such a pretty face and lovely
expression. Went afterwards to Lady Palmerston's party.
April Wth. — To the disgust of everybody. Dr. Bernard
is acquitted. There is but one sentiment — that of abhor
rence at the disgraceful verdict of the jury. I told Madame
Malaret that it was almost always the same on political
questions, April 22nd. — I went to the Drawing Room, where the
Due de Malakoff also attended. He was immensely pleased
at having been cheered all the way from his house in Hyde
Park by a very respectable mob. It made a great impression
on him, and he said to me, ' After such a voluntary demon
stration from the English people, how can I obey my orders,
which are that I am to behave with the strictest reserve to
everybody in this country ? It is impossible for me to do so,
and after this compliment I shall certainly meet the English
with the same cordiality as they have received me, and this
will apply to your Government as well as to private indi
viduals.' He evidently had been prepared for a cold recep
tion, but the people had taken their own line, which was
that of grateful recognition of the hero of the Crimean war.
M. de Jaucourt, attached to the French Embassy, told me
that M. de Persigny resigned from rage at Walewski's set
tling the quarrel between the two Governments without him,
and hoped that the Emperor would not accept it. When
the answer came, accepting his resignation, he was completely
knocked down. I 2

116 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
April 24th. — The Duke of Cambridge, the Due de Mala
koff, the Manchesters, the Northumberlands, the Staffords,
the Derbys, the Rokebys, Sir R. and Lady Airey, Sir James
Simpson, and Jem MacDonald dined with us to-day.
April 28th. — The ex-Ministers actually voted the night
before last against a Minute they had themselves prepared
just before they were turned out on the subject of com
petitive examinations; and last night they supported Mr.
Locke King's bill on the county franchise, though they
voted against it last year, and were saved by us from defeat.
Our party, I am sorry to say, are, or pretend to be, offended
with Disraeli. They, of course, ought to know that we are
in a minority and can neither help it nor disguise the fact.
April 29th. — I spoke on the 'Cagliari' question, and stated
my opinion that it had arisen from a determination of the
Sardinian Government and their supporters in this country
to provoke an Italian war; but our Government were
thwarting this in every way we possibly could, as, when
once a catastrophe of that kind had begun, it would pro
bably become European. I was supported in this view by Lord
Grey, and I was complimented by Lord Granville, Lord Clan
ricarde, Lord Clarendon, and Lord John Russell as I left the
House. I don't think the Opposition wiU give us any further
trouble on this subject at present. Mr. Kinglake, who was
to bring forward a motion on the ' Cagliari' question, expressed
himself perfectly satisfied.
May 7th. — We dined at the Palace — a party of 85 — in
honour of the Queen of Portugal. Duchess of Kent and the
Royal Family, Prince Hohenzollern and his son, father and

1S58 THE QUEEN OF PORTUGAL. 117
brother of the Queen, Terceiras, Manchesters, Exeters, Abor-
corns, Beauforts, Derbys, Hardwickes, Chelmsfords, Claren
dons, Lady Palmerston, and Lady John Russell ; the dinner
magnificent ; all served on gold plate, and did not last long,
but the standing afterwards was dreadful. The Queen of
Portugal is certainly pretty, with an innocent expression, tall,
and graceful in her manner. No one could sit down till eleven
o'clock, when the Queen and her guests retired to one of the
drawing-rooms, where the round table was placed. The rest
of the ladies sat on sofas round the room.
May 8th. — Lord Ellenborough has got us into a scrape by
producing his answer to Lord Canning's proclamation. He
gave only extracts to the House of Lords, but by some blun
der the despatch in full was laid on the table of the House of
Commons, and must be productive of mischief both in India
and at home ; and what makes it worse is that it was given
by Mr. Baillie, the Under-Secretary of the Board of Control,
to Mr. Bright. Nothing can be worse, and it may lead to
the resignation of the Government, or, at all events, to a dis
solution. May 10th. — I think the Government must go out, unless
Lord Ellenborough resigns. The Whigs and Radicals have
united, and a vote of censure is to be brought forward in
both Houses. From Lord M. to Lord Canning. London : May 10, 1858.
My dear Canning, — I am sure you will believe that, as perhaps
your oldest friend, I am much annoyed at the events of the last few
days. I must, by the laws of solidarity, take my share of blame in
acts which, though marked with inexcusable indiscretion, had no

118 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
motive of personal hostility to yourself. T never saw the Procla
mation nor Lord Ellenborough's despatch until I read both in the
' Times ' of the 8tb inst., for neither came before the Cabinet. I
consider that I am justified, although a Minister of the Govern
ment that has committed towards you and the country the blunder
of publishing Lord B.'s secret despatch, in advising you strongly, as
a private friend, not to follow the bent which your mind may probably
take at first, if it be that of resigning your post. Neither Lord Derby
nor any of our party wish it, and the whole country is ready to give
you all the credit you merit for having so well encountered the extra
ordinary difficulties of your position. To resign on a point of party
and political honour at the moment when you have all but consum
mated your work, would be sacrificing your future fame to a temporary
provocation, vhich ought not to weigh an ounce in the balance.
The Oppositioi are to bring on the subject this week in the most
hostile form, and may very likely turn us out ; but if we re
main in office, I repeat that Lord Derby and the Cabinet are friendly
towards you. I told the Queen last night that I should write to
you in this sense, and she seemed very anxious that I should do so.
Tou will, of course, consider this advice as strictly confidential.
Ever yours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
May 11th. — I have appointed Sir Henry Bulwer Ambassa
dor to Constantinople, It has always been the object of his
ambition. Lord Ellenborough has resigned, and has written
a very handsome letter to Lord Derby, promising to give him
every support in his power out of office, I never heard a
more noble and affecting speech than Lord Ellenborough's,
announcing his resignation in the House, It took everybody by
surprise, and the consternation on the front Opposition bench
was great, as it defeated their intentions, and made us safe.
May 12th. — It is expected that the Opposition will move
the vote of censure on Friday, as before arranged, but per
haps the exact terms of it will be changed in consequence of
Lord Ellenborough's resignation.

1858 LORD ELLENBOROUGH RESIGNS. 119
May Wth. — The motion of censure is to be brought for
ward in both Houses on Friday, and I tliink it will be carried
in the Commons.
May 14th. — Went to the House of Lords, where there
were only two seats left in the gallery when I arrived, all
filled with ladies. The steps of the Throne, the Peers' and
Strangers' galleries crammed, and all so attentive to the
debate that every word was heard. Lord Ellenborough's
speech was very fine. The division took place about twelve,
and the Government had a majority of nine. For the resolu
tion — 93 present and 65 proxies, total 158; against — 118
present and 49 proxies, total 167.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : May 14, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — Since writing this morning, we have received
news from Churchill at Ragusa and from Vienna, to the effect that
the Montenegrins, on the night of the 12th, treacherously attacked
the Turks during their voluntary and settled evacuation of Grahova,
and cut them up, killing the Pasha and Delarue, the negotiator.
These are the brigands the French are supporting. It will add to
our complications, inasmuch as the Porte will naturally be more
unwilling to allow things to be settled quietly, and to sit down
quietly under such a defeat. On the other hand, you should induce
the French to understand that it can do them no credit to be
partisans of such fellows, although they are justified in joining with
us and the three other Powers to put a stop to a war which may
spread throughout Turkey. If her other provinces should rise
against her, Her Majesty's Government could not interfere at all,
and if it is a case of Christian sympathy, such a civil war would fall
on our co-religionists most awfully. The first thing Walewski has
to do is to stop his cursed hero Danilo, who is now evidently the
aggressor. Tours sincerely,
Malmesbuet.

120 MEMOIRa OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
May Wth. — A reconciliation has at last been effected be
tween Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell. Mr. EUice
arranged a meeting at his house, where they shook hands.
This was followed by Lord John Russell's speech on Friday
night on Mr. Cardwell's motion of censure on the Govern
ment, Even without this we should be beaten in the Com
mons, but of course now the majority will be larger. The
longer the debate is protracted the better it will be for us,
and the news from India, if unfavourable, would influence
the division. Lord Derby has seen the Queen, and though
he is not at liberty to make use of her name, still he may
announce a dissolution of Parliament on his own responsi
bility. After I got home I received a despatch from Lyons,
announcing that the Sardinian Government would accept
my proposals. D'Azeglio was to have called, but never came,
and I suppose he must have got the same news, and did not
think it necessary to do so. Besides this, he is certainly
annoyed at my having settled matters with the Sardinian
Government, and defeated their plan for a war, and didn't
like to be the bearer of the good news.
May 17th. — Lady Tankerville says that at Lady Palmer
ston's party last Saturday she was seated next to Lady
William Russell, who, talking of the reconciliation between
Lord John and Lord Palmerston, said, ' They have shaken
hands and embraced, and hate each other more than ever.'
Lord Derby has offered a seat in the Cabinet to Sir
James Graham, who has refused, saying he is too old and
broken in health to accept, and that his sympathies were
always with Lord John.
May I8th. — The debate last night in the Commons

1858 DEFENCE OF LORD CANNING. 121
was much in our favour. Whiteside's speech was very
powerful. Lord Hariy Vane proposed to suspend legislation on the
Indian Government Bill until next session ; a motion which
was negatived by a majority of 390. This was the more satis
factory as it was considered in the light of a vote of want
of confidence. Lord Derby had a meeting at the Treasury
yesterday, which was very enthusiastic.
May Wth. — The Opposition had another uncomfortable
night yesterday in the Commons. Mr. Vernon Smith, ex-
Miuister for India, was dreadfully badgered. Disraeli said
that the letters received by Lord Ellenborough from Lord
Canning allude to occurrences which appear to have been
explained in former letters, which have never been seen by
this Government. Lord Palmerston would not allow Mr.
Smith to answer, but got up himself and said that if there
were other letters they must have been lost, as he had never
seen them. Lord Canning's despatches have been received,
and are to be laid on the table of the House of Commons to
morrow, before the division takes place. The whole world
has gone to the Derby. It is now believed that the Proclama
tion was sent to Lord Canning from England by the last
Government, but I can't credit it. Lady Malmesbury informed
me there was a report that Mr. Cardwell would withdraw his
motion of censure ; but I hope that Disraeli will insist upon
dividing, and Lord Derby is also of that opinion, seeming
sure that Disraeli will not give way. I had great misgivings,
and too truly, for at seven p.m. Mr. Bidwell arrived in great
glee, and told us that the resolutions were withdrawn, with
out any objection from Disraeli, and that we should have had
a majority of thirty if he divided. I regret it, as a motion

122 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
of censure is like an attack on a man's honour, that ought
to be met and defeated, not evaded. Disraeli defends the
course he has taken, of allowing the motion to be withdrawn,
by saying the feeling of the House was decidedly in favour
of it, and that none but the immediate partisans of Lord
Palmerston wished to go on with it ; the debate having from
the first day taken a much larger view of the question than
the motion indicated, and turned entirely upon the policy of
the Proclamation and of the Government's disapprobation
of the policy it enunciated. In this temper of the House
the publication of Sir James Outram's remonstrances, even
though coupled with Lord Canning's defence, had a great
effect, and they felt they could not do otherwise than approve
of our policy. Our people also wished to avoid a dissolution.
May 27th, Heron Court. — We came down here for the
holidays ; Lady Jersey, Lady Clementina Villiers, the Baillie-
Cochranes are with us, and also Lord and Lady Raglan.
Ossulston and Mr. Bidwell arrived. The last brought a
telegram announcing the arrival of the ' Monarch ' at St.
Helen's, with my brother and his family on board, returning
from Chili.
May 29th. — Beautiful weather, ' I drove the party to
Avon Cottage, a very pretty fishing lodge on the river, five
miles from Heron Court,
June 5th. — Lord Bath, who took the Garter to the Queen
of Portugal, has received a Portuguese Order of the first
class in diamonds, and has got permission to wear it,
June 8th. — Mr, Gladstone's amendment to the India Bill

1858 TERMINATION OF THE 'CAGLIARI' AFFAIR. 123
for postponing legislation to next session was negatived by
a majority of 149.
June 9</i,.— Bill for the Abolition of Church Rates passed
the Commons, and Mr. Berkeley's motion for ballot was
rejected by 97.
June 11th. — I got a telegram this morning from Mr.
Lyons, announcing that the King of Naples grants the
compensation of 3,000?. asked for the English engineers,
which is to be paid immediately to the Foreign Office, and
that he gives up the ' Cagliari ' and crew to the English
Government. I kept this a secret from everybody, as I
wished to have the satisfaction of announcing it myself in
the House of Lords this evening.
June Wth. — Disraeli's announcement of the termination
of our dispute with Naples by the grant of 8,000/. to the
engineers and giving up the ' Cagliari ' to England was re
ceived with enthusiastic cheers. The ex-Ministers and their
adherents were completely taken by surprise, and would not
even pretend to be pleased that a quarrel which at one
moment threatened a general war should have terminated
in a manner so satisfactory. This news had evidently a great
effect upon the House, for the Government passed a resolu
tion on the India Bill, relating to the number of the Council,
by a large majority. Lord Clarendon to Lord M.
Grosvenor Crescent : June 13, 1858.
My dear Malmesbury, — I was glad to find that you took the
same view I do of the neutral Senate which the French want to
impose on the Principalities, and which is nothing else than a plan

124 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
for establishing and perpetuating anarchy by means of an oligar
chical Republic. The plan is of Imperial, and not Walewskian,
origin, which is the reason why I suggest to you that it might be
easier to render the proposed arrangement harmless than to have it
altogether withdrawn. My notion is that the Central Senate ought
not to be a deliberating and law-passing assembly, but should be
simply a Committee consisting of a small body of equal number of
members, appointed, not by the provincial assemblies, but by the
Hospodars ; and that this Committee should meet solely for the
purpose of framing and suggesting measures to be submitted for
the consideration of the two Governments, who, if they approved of
them, might propose those measures to their respective provincial
assemblies. Modified in this way, the French project would be
comparatively harmless. If Walewski tries to wriggle out of the
agreement come to at Osborne last year, pray do not hesitate to call
me as a witness. Clarendon.
June 21st. — The heat of this last month has been quite
exceptional, the thermometer constantly rising to 84°. Went
to the Palace to present to the Queen my brother, who kissed
hands on his appointment as Minister at Berne.
June 23rd. — The pestilential smell from the Thames is
become intolerable, and there has been a question of chang
ing the locality of Parliament. Nothing can be done during
this heat. Great dinner at the Mansion House. The person
most cheered was Sir Archibald Wilson, who took Delhi.
The Lord Mayor, by mistake, mentioned him as Sir Alex
ander Wilson, the defender of Delhi. There was a general
laugh, which greatly surprised him. Pelissier made a very
good speech, which was loudly cheered, to his evident delight.
I hear he prides himself upon his public speaking,
June 26th. — Our Government had large majorities last
night on the India Bill in the Commons. Lord Palmerston

1858 WITH THE QUEEN TO GERMANT. 125
moved an amendment fixing the number of the Council at
not more than twelve, which Avas rejected by a majority of
62. He then moved that all the members of the Council
should be appointed by the Queen. This was opposed by
Disraeli, and negatived by 93.
June 27th. — I dined at the Palace. The Queen expressed
a wish that I should attend her to Germany, but was quite
aware of the difficulty of my absenting myself from London
whilst the Paris Conferences were going on. Her Majesty
will probably take me to Cherbourg, where she has decided
to go, and also Sir John Pakington.
We have ordered large quantities of lime to be thrown
into the Thames, for no works can be begun until the hot
weather is over. The stench is perfectly intolerable ;
although Madame Ristori, coming back one night from a
dinner at Greenwich given by Lord Hardwicke, sniffed the
air with delight, saying it reminded her of her ' dear Venice.'
July 1st. — Lord Lucan's bill for admitting the Jews to
Parliament passed the House of Lords by a majority of 46.
Almost all our party voted against it, many Peers actually
holding office having done so. An amendment to a clause in
the India BiU by Mr. Vernon Smith was negatived by 146
to 71. The same fate attended two by Sir James Graham
and Mr. Gladstone. The clause disqualifying members of
the Council of India from sitting in Parliament was discussed
at great length and carried. I expect that the bill will pass
the Commons, and be brought to the House of Lords without
opposition. July 2nd. — Dined at the Palace. The King of the Belgians

126 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
and Duke and Duchess of Brabant were present. A few
people were asked in the evening, which made enough
for one large quadrille. The Queen danced every quadrille,
and seemed to enjoy herself thoroughly. The Church Rates
Bill was thrown out by a majority of 151.
July 4th. — I have settled to accompany the Queen to
Coblentz. She wishes me to go, and so does the Govern
ment. July Wth. — The Queen has written to me to say that I
must go to Cherbourg with her on board the royal yacht.
Pelissier and Sir John Pakington go in one of the ships
of the squadron. Sir John is not at all pleased at having
Pelissier put under his charge, as he meant to take Lady
Pakington and a large party of friends and relations on
board the ship, meaning to turn a great national ceremony
into a Worcestershire picnic. Pelissier's presence will inter
fere with this arrangement. From, Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : July 13, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — The flag of the Principalities is entirely in
your hands. I am sorry you have had such a trial of patience and
temper. Stratford is going to Stamboul to take leave of the Sultan.
His visit is strictly complimentary, and his written orders are not
to interfere with Bulwer in any way. He will take the oppor
tunity, if he finds one, to urge on the Sultan the observance of the
Hatti, but his mission is strictly confined to one of compliment'
He goes in August. Pray inform Fuad of this, and the French
Government. There is a nasty article in the ' Times ' to-day about
Cherbourg. I depend upon seeing you there on the 4th, and I
hope Walewski. Tours sincerely,
Malmesbuet.

1858 'THE WOODEN SPOONS OF OLD ENGLAND.' 127
July Wth. — Lady Louisa Hamilton had a bad accident
riding in the Park, her horse running away, leaping the iron
rails and falling with her on the other side. She was picked
up senseless, but is not seriously hurt. Lord Ellenborough
made a violent speech against the India Bill, There was no
division. The unusual heat of the weather continues,
July 24th. — The Ministerial fish-dinner took place to
day at Greenwich. I went down with Lord Hardwicke.
Lord Derby having at the fish-dinner to propose ' Sir .lohn
Pakington and the Navy,' alluding to Sir John having re
ceived the ' wooden spoon ' which is given to the Minister in
the House of Commons who has been in the fewest divisions,
proposed ' Sir John Pakington and the Wooden Spoons of
Old England.' This created much laughter from all but
Pakington himself. Sir John Pakington is, however, no
shirker of work, and has always been ready to direct the
most important departments, such as the Colonies and the
Admiralty. He is a very young man of his age, both in
activity and appearance. A slight figure, he is generally to
be seen on horseback, and always with spurs and dapperly
dressed. I remember once his keeping us all waiting at a
Cabinet Council. When at last he appeared. Lord Derby
said, ' We have been waiting for you. Sir John.' ' I am
sorry, my Lord, but I was at Spithead.' ' Then,' said Lord
Derby, ' I'll be bound there never was such a swell there
before.' July 30th. — I returned from Osborne. The Queen much
pleased at the Lords' amendment to the India Bill relating
to competitive examination having passed the Commons by a
large majority, as it trenched on her prerogative.

128 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
Lord M. to Lord Cowley. Heron Court : July 30, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — I send you back the projet de convention for
the Principalities, and wish you joy of having ended this work. I
have made some observations where I did not think the meaning
clear in the text, and I send an elaborate review by Hammond
Bergne, our clever little treaty clerk, who seems satisfied with the
redaction on the whole. Pray make one more attempt before we
go to Cherbourg to persuade Walewski not to publish the fact that
the Conference was divided as to Union. It is only holding up dis
content for the future and proclaiming that France was beaten, a
quoi hon ? The questions we must treat at Cherbourg are : — 1st.
This, if not agreed to before. 2nd. Naples. 3rd. Plan for settling mode
of verifying flags. If I cannot get through my political conversa
tions by Friday, the Queen has given me leave to stay after she is
gone. I go from here to Csborne to-morrow for a Council.
Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
August 1st. — On the 30th Disraeli stated in the House of
Commons the nature of the Lords' amendment to the India
Bill, and it was agreed to by 98 to 53.
August 4th. — I went to see Mr. Rarey's establishment.
We had ' Cruiser,' the untameable stallion, and a zebra
shown us as being quite tame. The former certainly appeared
to be so completely ; he followed Mr. Rarey wherever he went,
without being led, and gave him his foot like a dog. Mr.
Rarey then put his cap into his mouth ; ' Cruiser ' took it but
let it drop immediately, when Mr. Rarey took it up and offered
it again, upon which ' Cruiser ' gave a shriek of rage, but
took up the cap. The zebra is less tame, but walked, led by
Mr. Rarey, who, however, did not dare let him loose. We
afterwards saw two horses thrown, and it is curious how con
vinced they are that they cannot get up without Mr. Rarey's
help. Went to Osborne. Sailed for Cherbourg.

1858 THE QUEEN AT CHERBOURG. 129
August 5t]i. — It blew hard in the night, but subsided to
wards morning. The Queen not ill. The approach to Cher
bourg very fine. Arrived there at seven p.m. At eight tho
Emperor and Empress came on board the Royal yacht with
out any suite. Nobody was admitted. Marshal Pelissier,
who went in without invitation, was imniedia.tely turned out
by the Emperor. Next morning, the Queen, Prince Albert,
Prince of Wales, Duke of Cambridge, Sir John Pakington,
and myself, breakfasted at the Prefecture. After which, the
Royal personages drove over the town. I took a walk with
Mr. Hammond, the consul. Returned to the Royal yacht,
and accompanied the Queen to dinner on board the ' Bre-
tagne.' Among the officers at dinner was General MacMahon.'
Next morning, the Emperor came to take leave of the Queen.
When the Emperor left the Queen's yacht the previous
evening, all our ships illuminated in the most brilliant man
ner with blue lights. The yacht had red, white, and blue,
and the electric light was thrown on the Emperor's barge,
following it the whole way to the harbour. The effect was
beautiful : the light shining only on the barge, whilst all
around remained in darkness. Nothing could be finer than
the whole display ; and the Emperor was friendly in hia
manner ; but both he and the Empress could not digest some
articles in the ' Times ' which had been offensive, especially
against her, and it was in vain that I tried to make them
understand what freedom the Press had in England, and how
independent it was of all private and most public men.
An absurd occurrence took place when Sir John Paking
ton, as First Lord of the Admiralty, landed Lord Hard
wicke and Admiral Dundas in his barge. As he steered
her, he kept time with the men as he would if he had been
' Afterwards Duke of Magenta and President of the French RepubHc.
VOL. II. K

130 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
rowing on the Thames, bending his body backwards and
forwards, and as he approached the pier, not having given
the order of ' Way enough,' the boat with her whole force
struck the mole, and the two Admirals and the whole crew
fell sprawling on their backs. The rage of the two former
after recovering themselves was vented with uncontrolled
expressions on the unfortunate First Lord, amidst the
laughter of the spectators who were standing on the pier.
From Jjord M. to Count WalewsJci. Londres : ce 8 aout, 1858.
Mon cher Walewski,— ^Avant de partir pour I'Allemagne, je ne
peux me refuser le plaisir de vous exprimer la vive satisfaction aveo
laquelle la Reine a vu sa noble et amicale reception a Cherbourg.
Tons les notres en ont ete enchantes, et rien ne peut etre meilleur
que I'esprit public de ce cote de la Manche. J'ai beaucoup
regrette de ne pas vous avoir revu Vendredi matin ci bord du yacht.
J'ai dit quelques mots a I'Empereur au sujet des Protocoles des
Conferences. Je vous avoue que je trouve leur publication tres-
inutile, si ce n'est pour demontrer et etablir a tout jamais les diffe
rences d'opinion entre les Puissances, et pour qu'un jour nous
puissions avoir le triste privilege de nous faire mutuellement des
reproches inutiles. Ceci est surtout important a I'endroit des
Principalites. Passons en Chine : les dernieres nouvelles promettent
bien, et il est possible que les Chinois admettent des Ambassadeurs
europeens a Pekin. II me semble pourtant que ce serait mieux de
les etablir a quelque autre ville du Nord plus prfes de la c6te. lis
seraient dans une souriciere a Pekin si les Chinois voulaient nous
jouer un tour. Je vous prie de ne pas oublier notre conversation sar
les Consuls de I'Orient et de leur faire comprendre qu'ils ne doivent
pas se regarder en antagonistes, et surtout qu'ils sont assujetiiis
aux ordres des Ambassadeurs a Constantinople. Finalement, ne
prenons jamais de grandes mesnres sans nous entendre et nous
mettre autantque possible d'accord. Voila ma politique. Malmesbuet.
August 10th. — I went down to Basingstoke to meet the
Queen and Prince and their suite, and to embark at Graves-

1858 THE QUEf:X .VT POTSDAM. lol
end for Antwerp ou our way to Berlin. The suite consisted
of Sir Charles Phipps, Lady Macdonald, and Miss Cavendish.
I brought with me ray two secretaries, Bidwell and Dash-
wood. The weather was tremendously hot.

I was relegated with Lord Bloomfield, our Ambassador
at Berlin ; the two ladies and Phipps in the second carriage,
the Prince and Queen travelling alone. After going through
Diisseldorf, Hanover, and Brunswick, we of the suite arrived
at Potsdam on August 14, too late for the supper which
had been prepared.
The Queen came the next morning, which obliged me to
attend a great luncheon at the Palace, My two secretaries
have been invited to everything given here (Potsdam), I
have dined every day at Babelsberg, a beautiful palace a
few miles out of Potsdam, with the Queen and the Prussian
Court. Babelsberg is four miles from Potsdam, I used to
drive there with Lord Bloomfield, our Ambassador, and the
Court ladies. Three of these were handsome, especiallj^
the Countess Hohenthal, a Maid of Honour, a beautiful girl,
and clever.' Two others were Countess Lynaj- and Countess
Oriola, a Portuguese, and a very attractive woman.
One day there was a great review of the Prussian
Guard. I was very well mounted on a quiet charger, and
also on another occasion I rode a perfect mare with the
ladies Hohenthal and Oriola ; but we were reproved by
Count Perponcher, the Master of the Horse, for riding too
fast, as he would have kept us at a walk.
Lord Bloomfield, who was very amiable to me and my
secretaries, received, at my request, the G.C.B. from Her
Majesty. He was a great disciplinarian as to our dress,
' Afterwards Lady Paget, and now Ambassadress at Vienna. K 2

132 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
and much moved at my not having a blue dress coat with
brass buttons to go to church in. He is much and deservedly
liked at Berlin,
I had very little political work here, but heard a great
deal about the Schleswig treaty, which Palmerston drew up,
and which I signed in 1852, It is evident that on the first
opportunity Prussia will seize and annex it either by force
or by some transaction, which will be a high-handed and
unjustifiable act, inasmuch as the Schleswigeis hate the
Prussians, and they do not speak the same tongue. One day
I had the opportunity of a private conversation with the
Neapolitan Minister, and I took the occasion to make a strong
intercession in favour of Poerio, the famous political prisoner,
of whose treatment such horrors were related, and I obtained
a promise that he (the Minister) would do all he could to
obtain his liberty, on the ground that he gave his Govern
ment more trouble in prison than he would out of it, which
fact I had pressed upon him. He afterwards redeemed his
promise, and Poerio was released, and sailed on condition
that he should go to America, and not to Europe ; but he
and his fellow-prisoners bribed the captain to bring them
to England, where I saw him in the House of Lords, a very
sleek and healthy-looking man, just like his statue now in
the Via Toledo at Naples.
Poerio's treatment had been for some years the subject
of angry dispute between the English Liberal Governments
and that of Naples ; but Palmerston and Gladstone made the
mistake of arguing with a despotic Government the right
of the case, as if an absolute regime had not the same
privilege as a Republic, or ourselves, of self-defence against
those who would overturn it. The police at Naples was
corrupt and tyrannical ; but the worst feature of all in their
system was the delay of justice, as we found in all cases

1858 'OPPORTUNISM.' 138
where Englishmen were concerned. The accused party was
often imprisoned for years before he was tried, and this was
the fate of Poerio ; but the physical torture, to which he was
said to be subjected, I believe to be apocryphal. No man
who had suffered such could so far have recovered in three
months and be so fat and sleek as he was when Lord Shaftes
bury introduced him to me in the House of Lords. I took
him, as he stood at the throne, for one of the new Peers,
come up rejoicing from a salubrious county. Some years
after these events, the Marquis d'Azeglio told me that a
subscription had been raised among the principal Whigs to
procure Poerio's evasion through Garibaldi, who was to have a
ship ready to carry him off, but his release anticipated their
plan. Rightly or wrongly, Bomba had such a bad name
that all things were looked upon as fair against him ; but,
minus this feeling, it was a strong measure on the part of a
neutral country and its leading statesmen. The days of
Queen Elizabeth had returned in Italy, which felt justified
in using the sword and the intelligence of the great buc
caneer Garibaldi against her enemies, as England did those
of Drake and Raleigh, whom the Spaniards not unfairly
called pirates. The French have coined a new word for such
unorthodox politics — namely, ' Opportunism.'

August 28iA.— -Arrived at Deutz on our way home. The
weather throughout our journey has been tropical. Fahren
heit 83° at night for a week. The Queen graciously allowed
me to leave here and to go to Achnacarry. Phipps came
to me before I left, much annoyed at having given one
of the best snuff-boxes to  , which was not intended for
him. He went to  to explain this, but found that the
box was already converted into cash, and irrecoverable.

134 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
September 3rd. — Joined Lady Malmesbury at Achnacarrj',
after a very bad passage across the Channel, the sea breaking
heavily over the boat. So ill, I could not have walked to the
hotel without the help of the popular Captain Smithett.
The time passed at Achnacarry as usual, in fishing,
shooting, and receiving a great deal of company, among
whom were Lord Durham, Mr. and Lady Hermione Graham,
George Barrington, the Delameres, the Wiltons, Mr. and
Mrs. Rose, Mr. Bruce (Lord Elgin's brother), who was just
returned from China with a treaty. Lord and Lady Abercorn,
the Duke and beautiful Duchess of Manchester, who was
Mistress of the Robes.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Achnacarry : September i, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — ..... There never was such a hash
as between Bulwer and Stratford about their palaces. Stratford has
taken out six gentlemen as attaches, but not one do I know by name,
and not one has had his appointment signed, so they will have no
status at all ! Lady S. has ordered the house at Therapia to be
prepared for her, and Lord S. the one at Pera, so that Bulwer will
have to go to the Inn. It is his fault, for in the overflowing joy of
his nomination he wrote in May to offer him either palace, a la
disposicion de Vd. ! Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
From the same to the same.
Achnacarry : September 7, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — Pray show Palmerston the Principalities
Reform Bill, and tell him I hope ours next year will be better. All the
good in it is yours — mais, que voulez-vous when a Frenchman who
has trampled down the constitution of his own country begins to
make one for others ? Tou may also show him my despatches on
our Turkish policy and on Montenegro. I have only followed in
his wake. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.

18.o8 MADAMi: DE PKRSIGNVS Tl'^MPER. ];!i")
September Wth. — The largest comot I ever saw became
visible, with a very broad tail spread perpendicularly over the
sky, the weather being very hot. Everyone now believes in
war, September 2'^tli. — Mr. Bruce took his first lesson in deer
stalking, and came back in a very bad humour. Pie says that
the forester wanted him to go up a waterfall, which created
much laughter. The Persignys arrived after midnight.
They had posted from Inverness in dogcarts and various
vehicles. September 26i/i-.'— Madame de Persigny has been horribly
out of humour all day. She never spoke a word at dinner,
and will not answer when spoken to. She is said to be
always so whenever there is a woman in the house hand
somer than herself, which in this case is the Duchess of
Manchester. September 28i/i.^Madame de P. came down in a dreadful
humour to breakfast, and would speak to no one. Persigny
told her to sit by me, when she said, stamping her foot, ' Je
ne veux pas,' loud enough for everyone to hear. Poor Per
signy looked much annoyed, saying to her, ' Je vous ordonne
de parler,' which order was not obeyed. Her temper re
lapsed again at luncheon, and afterwards she had a severe
shock when. Colonel Scarlett having called, she saw his fly
drive up, and — Heaven knows why — fancied that Persigny,
who had gone to the forest, had met with an accident. She
burst into tears. No one could understand what connection
there could be between ' Mon petit Victor ' and a fly, and
how she could imagine, if an accident had happened, that
two men in a carriage, with a pair of post-horses, could be

136 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
sent down from the highest hill in the forest to announce it.
Mr. Bidwell said she evidently thought there was a cab
stand on the top of Corry Dhu. When she came down to
dinner, she appeared with her eyes very red, and before the
fish was taken away rushed out of the room in a flood of
tears. Persigny followed, and neither returned until the
end of the first course, when they resumed their places, she
looking like a sulky child, and he the picture of misery.
These scenes are repeated daily.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Achnacarry : September 28, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — PelLssier has written to ask me my opinion as
to the danger to Mexico of American annexation. I have answered
him that I look upon it as probable, and not at all dangerous to
European interests. Trade would be improved, and the Union
certainly broken up. The Tankees know this fact so well that they
hesitate to touch it. Otway says Mexico is ready to give herself up
to be governed by us or France. The latter would not suit us in
the rear of our West India Islands and commanding the Gulf; as
little would it be to our interest to meddle with such a hornets' nest.
We had better leave it to its fate, taking care of our subjects. What
is of great importance is tbat France should join in securing a
passage for herself over Nicaragua, and thus act in unison with us
on this critical point. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
September 30th. — The Persignys started for Glasgow.
Such a relief to everybody in the house to hear the carriage
drive off.
October 3rd. — Hearing that Sir James Hudson, our Mini
ster at Turin, was at Fort William, we sent a gillie to invite
him. He was in bed when the messenger arrived, but in
such a bad one that he was too glad to get up again, and
arrived at Achnacarry at eleven o'clock.

1858 THE DAXISII QUESTION. 137
From Lord- il/. to Lord Cowlry.
Achnacarry : October 3, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — Pray ascertain the views of the French
Government on the state of the Danish question. Elliot is much
alarmed. The violent German party have taken advantage of my
presence at Berlin to circulate false reports of conversations which
I had with Platen at Hanover, and the Prince of Prussia and
Manteufiel, to the eflect that we should not interfere if the question
were extended to Schleswig. Now, what I said to one and all of
these persons was that Her Majesty's Government considered the
Holstein question as purely German, and amenable to the Diet, the
King being Duke of Holstein, and that our only feeling was an
apprehension that an occupation of Holstein by German troops
would break up European peace. As to Schleswig, that if that
point was ever unfortunately mooted, we and the other Powers who
contracted the treaty must settle it, as the Diet had no business
with Schleswig. Her Majesty's Government think that this last
proposal of the Danes deserves every consideration, and ought to
lead to negotiation. Pray state this to the French Government,
and ask them what their policy is under the contingencies referred
to. Elliot thinks Prussia is joining Hanover in pushing the Diet
to extremities. Paget says, if so, it is in direct contradiction of
Manteufl^el's language. Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
October 4th. — Beautiful bright morning. The whole party
went up Loch Arkaig for a deer-drive in the Forest of Ger
raran. By the time we got there, about ten miles off, the
weather changed, and it blew a hurricane with torrents of
rain, so we were obliged to return in the boat with a favour
able wind. This, however, increased to such violence that
the surface of the loch was torn up by waterspouts and very
heavy seas. The wind suddenly changing, we had to keep
her head to it. The Highlanders were panic-stricken, and
stopped pulling, when Sir James Hudson seized an oar and
encouraged the men to renew their efforts. For some time

138 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
it was impossible to make way against the storm, and all we
could do was to keep her head to the sea. By desperate
efforts we got into a small bay in shelter. The ladies behaved
beautifully, and did not say a word ; but the position was
very critical, as, if the gentlemen and crew had failed, we
must have been swamped. Bidwell, I conclude, was rather
frightened, for at the worst moment he began to sing, which
displeased the Highlanders, who are very superstitious. If
we had gone down, there would have been considera,ble
patronage for Lord Derby — namely, Duchess of Manchester,
Mistress of the Robes ; myself, Foreign Secretary, with two
private secretaries, Bidwell and Dashwood; Sir James
Hudson, Minister at Turin ; and Mr. Hammond, Consul at
Cherbourg. I never saw anything more striking than the
columns of water which, driven up by the wind, crossed
the lake in all directions, and which, if striking the boat,
would have filled her at once.
October 7th. — The Duke and Duchess of Manchester left.
She was very amiable, and is at the climax of her beauty,
and we all regret her much, The mountains are covered
with snow.
October 14th, — We left Achnacarry, and got as far as the
King's House in Glencoe.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Achnacarry : October 14, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — What passed at Berlin with Massone, the
Neapolitan, was this : Manteufiel and Paget told me he wished to be
introduced and speak on our quarrel with Naples. I agreed to do
so in a private character, and met him at Bloomfield's. He said his
Government was anxious to renew. I stated that we could not act
without France, and that I thought that, if Naples would give her

isr,8 INCOXORUOUS POSITION OF ENGLAND. 13!)
the forms she wislied, and us (he substance, which wo must insist
upon, it might be done. Q. AVhat was the substance? A. Tho
basis of tho proposnl niiulo oightccn months ago to Clarendon,
which he would have taken, but the implacable Palmerston refused
— namely, that tho prisoners should bo provided for and sent to
Buenos Ayres or Monte Video. I said that if these people were
deHvered in some analogous manner, without exacting any confes
sion or pledge, provided for temporarily, and exiled, we might come
to some understanding. Massone jumped at the notion, and I sup
pose this will again be the basis on which they will start the
negotiation of which Paget speaks. Now just look at the incon
gruous position of England at this moment and of its Government,
upon this qnestion. England rose as one man last February be
cause France was supposed, notwithstanding her assurances to the
contrary, to interfere with our internal jurisdiction, and here she
is quarrelling with Naples because Naples won't alter her I'aws at
the beck of our Government ! Tours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
October 15th. — Vv^ent on, and arrived at Glasgow. Our
party had killed 30 stags, of which I got but few, as I was
obliged to attend to my official business. Sir James Hudson
shot several, being a first-fate rifle-shot and sportsman.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Knowsley: October 22, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — Massone deceived Paget.' Bernstorfi' arrived
yesterday, and stated that he was instructed to say that the King
of Naples would not reopen the negotiations, which Clarendon
unfortunately refused, for the release of the prisoners ; that he
would have no interference with his affairs ; and that all he would
do would be to send a Minister to London and Paris, if we would
reciprocate. I of course said tbat, this being the case, I preferred
the status quo. Bernstorff added that the King was in reality
delighted at there being nobody at Naples to bother him, as the
French and English Ministers always did. Tours sincerely,
Malmesbuet.
' On the contrary, he kept his word.

140 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
October 23rd. — I went to Knowsley, and found there such
a heap of Foreign Office boxes that I was obliged to stay at
home two days to work instead of shooting. Lord Derby in
great force.
October 24th. — The Duke of Hamilton told me that when
he was at Paris a few days ago the Empress observed that
she thought she had made a mess of the Malakoff marriage,
and that when she saw his white head and her black one at
the altar she feared it would not turn out well. The Due
de Malakoff called upon me to-day, and did not look happy.
Sidney Herbert is very ill, and so is Lady Clementina Villiers,
with intermittent fever. She is reduced to great weakness.
October 25th. — We have received an invitation to Wind
sor, where Lady Malmesbury is to present the Duchesse de
Malakoff. October 26th. — Due and Duchesse de Malakoff called. She
is a Spaniard, pretty, with a very fine figure, and extremely
graceful, with pleasing manners. Looks about twenty-six.
From Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
London: October 26, 1858.
My dear Cowley,' — I send you the report of Saunders to show
what a canard Walewski and the Emperor swallowed in believing
that Bernard advocated openly the murder of the Empress and her
child. It is bad enough without that, but I see there is a party,
and its name is Legion (for it is composed of every party and some
Governments) striving to drive England and France into a war.
This Portuguese business ' proves to me that the Emperor has lost
all his sense of right and prudence, and is acting on passion. I am
not sure even tbat the transaction was not meant to lower ms on the
sore point of the Slave Trade. If Lisbon is like Lavradio, it will
^ The capture of the ' Charles et Georges.'

1858 .\.T WINDSOR WITH THE MAi>.VKOFl'^S. 141
scream loud enough to raise a storm from tho Tagus to tho Nova.
A complete plan for tho invasion of England by Admiral do la
Graviere, made in 18.")?, is in my possession. It is satisfactory to
know that they only meant to stuy a week, and to bo nearly sure
that not a man would have returned. The Emperor dues not wish
for a rt'i-unciUalion with Naples, and is glad to annoy Austria by
this Italian distress. Stratford has upset everything at Stamboul,
but 1 think tbat may be set right. Our Consul McLood h.as, I
hear, come home open-mouthed from Mozambique, glorying in
having, by bis own suggestion, etfected tho capture of tho ' Charles
et Georges,' which but for him, he says, never would have been
touched. He then ran away home from the row he had raised.
Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
October 27th. — Went to Windsor with the Malakoffs, who
came to our room soon after we had arrived, and remained till
six o'clock, the hour fixed for the Duchesse to be presented.
The ladies waited in the gallery whilst I had an audience ;
after which, I came to fetch the Duke, who bad a book to pre
sent to the Queen from the Emperor. Then Lady Malmesbury
went in to present the Duchesse, and left her with the Queen.
October 28th. — Had a long conversation with the Prince,
who came to my room. Prince Arthur' performed on the
drum for the edification of Pelissier, who exhibited his own
talents in that line so well that he must have begun his
career as a drummer. He certainly rose from the ranks.
His Christian name is, as he says himself, most inappro
priate — ' Aimable.' He is a short, fat man, of rough man
ners, but good-hearted withal. He related to me, and I
believe also to the Queen, the following anecdote. After
Waterloo, a great part of the French army was disbanded,
Pelissier among them. He went home on foot, somewhere
' Afterwarde Duke of Connaught.

142 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
in the South of France, at a time when the whole country
was flooded and crossed by narrow plank bridges. In ap
proaching one of these, he saw he must meet a Prussian
soldier, and both got on the bridge, neither giving way,
when Pelissier pushed him into the river, and, as the man
rose, hit him on the head with his stick, saying, with a de
scriptive gesture, ' Je I'ai frappe comme (ja, et il n'a plus re-
paru.' As a contrast to this brutal act, he formed such a
romantic affection for his fellow-soldier, Lord Raglan, that,
after the death of the latter, he used, when Ambassador in
London, to go constantly to see Lord Raglan's little grand
son, and play with him. He once struck one of his soldiers
for some offence, which is not permitted in the French army,
upon which the man aimed at him, but his musket missed
fire. ' Maintenant,' said Pelissier, perfectly unmoved, 'je
vous donne dix jours de salle pour des armes mal-tenues.'
October 29th. — The Malakoffs, who had intended returning
to London, put off their departure to go with us. I went out
shooting with the Prince at 9.30, and returned at half-past
twelve, as I had several presentations to the Queen to make
at one. We returned to London after luncheon.
November 37-d. — First Cabinet Council took place to-day.
All the Ministers attended. Lord Derby in great spirits ;
but I think we shall have a stormy session, and probably be
turned out about May. Intrigues go on apace.
To Lord Cowley. London : November 3, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — Lavradio is holding insane language here,
saying to mo, and afterwards to Hammond during my absence,
that we had deserted Portugal. 1 have telegraphed to Howard to

1858 AT r.LAIR WITH THE PERSIGNYS. 143
ask the Portuguese Govornmcnt if their IMinistor is instructed to
talk in this way. I hope you will urge on Walewski tho expediency
of dropping the demand for indemnity, because, whether pirato or
orthodox, the ' Charles et Georges ' did break the municipal law of
Mozambique. Pray tell the Empress that wo like the Duchesse
de Malakoff cxtremel}'. Lady Malmesbury and she have made
great friends, and really she is to bo pitied, looking so lonely in
that uncomfortable house, gutted as it is of all ornament. Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
November 12th. — Lord De la Warr called. He was at
BUiir with the Persignys, and says she behaved very strangely,
crying and making scenes. She asked to see a deer- drive,
and when she was posted with the Duke of Athole, and the
deer were coming towards them, she was suddenly seized
with a terror of the guns, burst into tears, exclaiming,
' Je serai tuee ! 0 mes pauvres enfants ! ' and insisted upon
going home. The Duke at first thought she was joking ; but
seeing her get pale and cry bitterly, he promised not to fire.
Fortunately, the deer went another way, but she did not
recover, and remained quite sulky the rest of the day. Such
is the grand-daughter of Marshal Ney ! — sent here as an
Ambassadress. I went to Windsor to present Lord Bloom
field and Sir James Hudson.
November Wth.' — Returned from Windsor with the Prince
of Wales, who invited me into his carriage, after a long
audience with the Queen. He was very agreeable.
November 14th. — Went to Kimbolton. The Malakoffs
there. They joined in a paper-chase with great spirit.
November Wth. — Lord Derby has sent Mr. Gladstone to
the Ionian Islands as Commissioner, to report upon the state
of the islands.

144 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
November 20th. — I hear that Lords Palmerston and
Clarendon now think they have done afooKsh thing by going
to Compiegne, and that their doing so is generally disapproved
ill England. November 21st. — Lord Clarendon lunched with us, and
stayed an hour and a half with me talking about the Emperor,
He only returned from Compiegne this morning, and told
us that the whole party went out hunting on a very wet day,
all being muffled up in waterproofs, except Palmerston, who
wore a red coat and nothing over it. The Emperor observed
that he would get wet, when he replied, ' Rien ne perce un
habit rouge,' Lady Mary Craven was immensely admired.
The Empress and Madame Walewska were loud in their
admiration of her, but towards the end of the week they had
very much cooled. Lord Clarendon said they prevented the
Duchess of Manchester from being asked. He also told me
there is an intrigue going on to get rid of Walewski, the
principal conspirators being Prince Napoleon and Persigny.
November 22nd. — '1 got a dreadful account of Lady
Clementina Villiers from Lady Jersey. She is much worse,
and I now despair of her recovery. I fear she is sinking
fast. I am very unhappy, as she is my greatest friend, and
I always spent two or three evenings every week at Lady
Jersey's, and found everybody there whom I know and like.
November 24th. — Lady Clementina continues very ill ; the
fever has lasted three months, and she cannot have strength
to resist it much longer. Poor Lady Jersey is nearly dis
tracted. Lord Ranelagh called, and seems much alarmed at
the state of the defences at Portsmouth. But they are being
strengthened at a vast expense.

1858 CAP.INET COUNCILS EVERT DAY. 145
Dcccmher 2)id. — Wont to Middleton yesterday. Lady
Jersey proposed that I should see Lady Clementina, but,
having heard that she was painfully changed, I would not do
so, and only talked to her through her door. She wished
me good-bye. She is constantly fainting, and kept up by
champagne, December 3rd. — Cabinet Councils almost every day on the
subject of the Reform Bill, but I have little expectation of
the Government producing a measure that will satisfy either
themselves or the public. To-day Lord Derby was beaten
on one point which he considered most important. Lord
John Manners and I being the only Cabinet Ministers
who stood by him, Disraeli, Stanley, Pakington, Lords
Salisbury and Lytton' voted for the most liberal of the three
propositions submitted ; the Chancellor (Chelmsford), Wal
pole, Henley, Hardwicke, and General Peel for the most
Conservative, so nothing was done.
December 6th. — Lady Clementina died yesterday. She
gradually sank, and died so calmly that her mother, who
held her hand, was not aware she was dead until she felt it
grow cold. Lord M. to Lord Coivley.
Foreign Office : December 13, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — We have been to see the infernal machine !
which is openly shown at the shop, not as an ' infernal machine,'
but as a twenty -barrelled gun upon wheels — the most harmless and
useless thing you ever saw. The best of the story is tbat, as the
showman is Palmerston' s bootmaJcer, he has been one of the first to
examine it. It would do for firing into a flock of duck — provided
the ducks, the machine, and the shooter were all d'accord. What
fools the French police here must be !
1 The late Lords Salisbury and Lytton.
VOL. II. L

146 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1858
Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : December 13, 1858.
My dear Cowley, — Apponyi came to me this morning to read a
despatch from Buol to Hiibner about Italy. It began by finding
fault with the French press and lamenting its effects as between
Austria and France, and it stated that the treaties of 1815 were as
sacred as those of 1866 ; that in 1816 the Italian question was
settled and could not be reopened ; that in 1866 the Turkish was
settled ; that Austria would insist on both being respected, and that
no exchange, no cession, and no negotiation would be granted
by her for any part of her Italian dominions. This led to a
conversation, in which I repeated exactly the same views as those
given to you in my private letter on the subject. Apponyi agreed
with me, but thought France would never act fairly, bat looked
to convulsions by which Piedmont would get Lombardy, France
Savoy, and Murat Naples.
December Wth. — I received a grateful letter from Augustus
Paget, whom I have appointed Minister at Dresden.
December 31st. — I left this morning for Windsor from
Heron Court. Mrs. Anson is dead, from taking by mistake
an over-dose of laudanum. They kept her walking about
for several hours, but in vain. One of the handsomest
women of her day.

1859
January 1st. — Yesterday we danced at Windsor, and
when the clock struck twelve all the Royalties embraced.
I had the honour of dancing a country dance with Her
Majesty. January 2nd. — Returned to Heron Court.

1S5!) THE RUSSIANS TRYING FOR MILITARY PORTS. 147

Lord M. to Lord Coivley.
Heron Covirt : January 7, 1869.
My dear Cowley, — I will send you a very important paper in a
few days (the Queen must approve of my reply first), which I have
got from Bloomfield, asking me on the part of the Prussian Govern
ment what we mean to do if Austria and France go to war. I have
answered, neutrality at all events, and as long as possible. We are
ready, if Austria and France choose to join, to improve the Lega
tions, to give our moral support, and even to consider a reconstruc
tion of the Central territory if we see hopes of improving the
condition of the people without weakening the spiritual authority
of the Pope ; but we will not consent beyond this to any alterations
in the territorial arrangements of 1815, which have ensured the
longest peace on record. Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : January 11, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — -Tou will see that we have taken a line, and I
leave you to carry it out with your usual straightforward exactness.
If the Emperor cares for the public opinion of this country, he must
be made to understand that it will be against the aggressor, whoever
he may be, who is the first cause of a European war. Tbat it will
cost him his life or his crown I have not the least doubt. Eventually,
as it spreads, Germany is sure to be found united against the Latin
nations, therefore it is as a friend I wish to warn him before he
decides at his age and in his position on such a coup de des.
Persigny went back yesterday to intrigue against Walewski and
Her Majesty's present Government. I conclude the Buol escapade
is over. Pelissier, as usual, approved of my conduct, and is dis
gusted at being kept in the dark as to everything that is going on
at Paris. The Russians are trying to get ports in Spain, Sicily,
and Egypt, like Villafranca — that is, military ports. Tou should
ask Walewski quietly how that suits France ? It is very well
known Russia is with her, but does she wish to have her a maritime
Power in the Mediterranean ? The Russians boast that we have
overreached ourselves because she was blocked up at both ends
before for nine months, and at one end all the year, while now she
L 2

148 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
can keep a fleet all the year round in the Mediterranean. When the
Emperor pretended to Clarendon that he did not know where Villa
franca was, it was clearly a come'die. Of course you will see the
Emperor himself, and give all the solemnity you can to the advice,
leaving all the consequences and calamities of a European war on
his head if he begins, or allows Sardinia to begin.
January Wth. — The King of Sardinia has made a speech
which can only mean war. Things look bad all over Europe,
and it will be very difficult to avert a general war if Louis
Napoleon wants one. Great panic in Paris, and war very
unpopular. The Emperor is getting alarmed at the feeling
in France and the extraordinary fall in the funds ; also at
the unpopularity of the marriage arranged between Prince
Napoleon and the King of Sardinia's daughter. Lord Cowley
writes that he was much depressed at his ball ; bnt I believe
it is his fear of assassination, which haunts him perpetually,
and has robbed him of all his former courage and coolness.
It is driving him on to war, thinking that by supporting the
cause of Italian nationality he will disarm those men who,
in his earlier days, were his confederates in Carb'onarism,
and to whom he is pledged by former promises, and perhaps
oaths. Cavour, knowing these facts, works upon them to
induce him to take part openly with Sardinia. Austria is
behaving with a folly which is perfectly inconceivable con
sidering her position surrounded by enemies on all the fron
tiers. But what can one expect from Buol ? I care for neither
Austria nor France, but Lord Derby and I are determined to
use every effort to prevent war, which would cost 100,000
lives and desolate the fairest parts of Europe. My whole
mind is occupied by that object.

1S59 WAR INEVITABLE. 149

Lord M. to Lord Coivley.
Foreign Office: January 15, 1859.
ily dear Cowley, — We are extremely obliged to you for keeping
us so well aufait of everything at this critical moment. I hope and
believe that Walewski knows he is not the man for a War Minister,
and this will keep him in his pacific path. I am very glad you
liked my great despatch, and I hope you will approve of the one I
wrote Hudson, which was as strong as I thought it prudent to write
at first. Tour offer to submit your views to Palmerston is a
patriotic one, and, if he receives it as I do, it will be to thank you.
The great duty of every honest man must be to prevent the scourge
which two or three unprincipled men would inflict on mankind for
their personal profit ; though, as to that, I believe a war would
sweep them from their high places. Laffitte was with me on Thurs
day. He is here to borrow 2,000,000Z. for Cavour, and cannot get
2,000Z., ditto Austria. Lafiitte speaks of Cavour as a desperate
adventurer, who has ruined his country by his expenses. He says
he is ready to go anywhere for a sum to cover his financial bungling,
and that if he does not have a war he will be turned out on his
Budget. He works the Orsini gang by saying, ' Don't be such fools
as to kill the only man who can help Italy, but frighten him into it.'
Hence the continual terror agitated around the Emperor, about which
Bernard's publication respecting the great canarduiere at Palmerston's
bootmaker's, and his rhodomontade speech, is a specimen. Tell
Walewski this. It is an abominable trame. We are really forming no
Anti-French League beyond begging the Germans to remain united
and independent of external politics until obliged to take a part.
Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
January Wth. — I fear war cannot be avoided. The
Emperor of the French seems determined, though his country
is strongly against it; but I hope he will be induced to pause,
especially as he finds he cannot draw England into taking
his part. Lord Cowley says the Emperor avoided talking to
him at the last ball. The Queen and Prince are very anxious,
and the latter has written to me. The Emperor threatens

160 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
Belgium if she does not go with France. The Prince de
Chimay is evidently for the French alliance.
Jarmary Wth. — Pelissier called and told me that fears of
war were at an end, as France was against it. It is, however,
quite clear the Emperor has done all he could to stir it up,
notwithstanding his former declaration, ' L'Empire c'est la
paix ! '
January Wth. — Went to Windsor, and returned to-day
with Disraeli.
January 23rd. — Lord Cowley telegraphs that Persigny is
to come here directly as Ambassador. This was arranged at
Compiegne whilst Lord Palmerston was there, and is a most
hostile move on the part of the Emperor, as he knows per
fectly vvell the terms Persigny and I are upon, and the in
excusable behaviour of Madame de Persigny to Lady M.
Sending him back again when Parliament is going to meet
must be done with a view of intriguing against our Govern
ment as he did before.
January 25th. — Lord Cowley writes that he has seen Per
signy, who says that the Emperor wishes him to return to
England as Ambassador. The next day. Lord Cowley saw
Walewski, who told him that Persigny was urging the Em
peror to appoint him against his wishes, and he is unable to
ascertain which of these accounts is true. The preparations
for war continue on all sides. The French Emperor is very
hostile to our Administration, and anxious to upset it.
January 26th. — There was a cordial Cabinet to-day on
the principal clause of the Reform Bill, Lord Derby much
pleased, as he feared dissensions, and even resignations. The

1859 VIOLENT LANGUAGE OF PERSIGNY. 151
' Morning Post ' has received orders from the French Em
peror to attack me on every possible occasion. Mr. Borth-
wick, the editor, saw him at Paris, and got his orders
from himself. This paper is also Lord Palmerston's, so
the connection between them is clear.
The case of the ' Charles et Georges,' which is a French
ship, is that the Portuguese seized her, according to our
treaties, for being fitted as a slaver, and took her into the
Tagus. The French Government screamed very loudly at
this, and, on the other hand, the Portuguese claimed our
assistance, as bound by treaties, to resist the French threats.
After a great deal of noise on both sides, we arranged the
dispute, which, although the Opposition made capital of it,
was never more than a storm in a tea-pot.
Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : January 26, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — I must thank you for the manner in which
you have met without any instructions from me the idea on the
part of the French Government of sending Persigny here again. I
will tell you frankly that when Persigny assured you he only saw
Palmerston once after he left office, it is entirely untrue. When
violently insisting on the necessity and ease of passing the Con
spiracy Bill he came out with this : ' J'ai r6pete a Palmerston plus
d'unef ois tons vos raisonnements, et il me dit qu'il n'y a pas un mot de
vrai dans tout cela.' It was then I told him that I must do all
business at Paris through you, if he saw our opponents and repeated
our conversations to them. Before he left Paris, where he was
when Palmerston was turned out, he said to several people that in
a week he would put him again in his place by forcing us to pass the
same bill. I could add half-a-dozen witnesses to this. For three
weeks after he returned I heard of nothing but his violent language
against Lord Derby and me in every salon, and it was the talk and
astonishment of the whole Gorps Diplomatique to see a French Am
bassador holding forth like an electioneering agent. The fact is
that, as his master has always been and always will be a conspirator,
so he has always been and will always be a partisan of somebody.

152 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
These are their idiosyncrasies. Be that as it may, confidence is not
an act of volition, and if Persigny came, I should carry on the
whole business with you. In doing this I should be still more
justified by what I know now of the Emperor's sentiments towards
our Government. Borthwick, after dinner, told —  that when the
other day in Paris the Emperor sent for him, and he never saw a
man so irritated as he is against Lord Malmesbury. He said :
' Tou must write him down ; he has leagued Germany against me,
and is entirely opposed to my policy. " I have proof of it by his
own hand, in which he says that Austria has the same right to
Lombardy as England has to Ireland and India." ' This quotation
leaves no doubt as to Borth wick's veracity, for it is the very phrase
which I used in my letter to you of December 7, as you will see.
Did you'give, him a copy of it or read it to him ? Since the above
orders, the ' Morning Post ' attacks me every other day. I have
therefore no doubt, and I may say I lenow, that Persigny is meant
to restore our ex-Premier ; but this country is not Spain, and a
Government is not to be upset by a foreign ambassador 
Buol has received our counsels of prudence with nearly equal sulki-
ness, and I think the best attitude for us now is to fold our arms
like men who have advised madmen in vain to refrain from mutual
follies, look on as if they thought them mad, and leave them with
sorrow to their fate. Tours truly,Malmesbuet.
January 27th. — There is a violent and mischievous article
in the ' Morning Post,' accusing me of forming a German
league against France, showing the Emperor's anger at our
opposing his warlike proclivities. The Princess of Prussia
was confined this afternoon of a son. The news reached
Windsor by telegraph in six minutes.
January 28th. — I went to Windsor to present Lord Lyons
and Mr. Paget. Had a long audience. Walpole and Henley
have resigned on the Reform Bill ; the former because
we go too far, the latter because we don't go far enough.
Walpole is a conscientious man, and a Tory. Henley very

1859 QUEEN OPENS PARLIAMENT. 153
shrewd and clever, but crotchety and easily offended ; he is
much looked up to in the House of Commons.
Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : January 28, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — I cannot but think that your apprehensions
will be realised ; Hudson thinks so too. Malaret says the public
feeling in France against a war is tremendous and most openly
expressed. Dare the Emperor face this ? I think you had better
not tell the Emperor that I know of his conversation with Borth
wick. A man never forgives being found out in such a treacherous
action. It appears he showed him the extract you gave him of my
letter. Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
January 31st. — Mr. Henry Greville called and was very
friendly, expressing great interest in our success in keeping
off war. He appeared very favourable to our Government ;
if so, it is an extraordinary change. His brother Charles,'
who is Clerk of the Council, has never attended since Lord
Derby has been in office, and did not conceal his omitting to
do so on purpose. When Lord Derby's attention was called
to this fact, he said ' he had not observed his absence, as he
never knew whether it was John or Thomas who answered
the bell.'
February 1st. — Lady Ely told me that the Malakoffs
expected to be recalled. Pelissier is not in the confidence
of his Court, and knows nothing, not even what concerns
himself personally. He is certainly not fond of the Emperor,
of whom he never says any good. He told me that the
French army was not in a state for a campaign.
February 3rd. — The Queen in person opened Parliament
' Author of the well-known memoirs published after his death.

154 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
to-day. Crowds larger than usual, the weather being
beautiful, and her reception very enthusiastic. Lords Win-
chilsea and Ravensworth were the mover and seconder.
Lord Granville was followed by Lord Derby, who was ner
vous, and forgot to mention India till I reminded him
of it; but when he began on foreign politics, which was
evidently the subject uppermost in his mind, nothing could
be more dignified or more eloquent. He declared for up
holding all the treaties of 1815, spoke very openly against
war, and on the responsibility that would be incurred by
any sovereign who disturbed the peace of Europe for pur
poses of aggrandisement or ambition, and announced the
firm determination of the English Government to observe
perfect neutrality, declaring that we had neither engage
ments, obligations, treaties, nor understandings which bound
us or prevented our following the course we considered best
for the honour and interest of England. He was received
with great cheering on all sides. It was amusing to watch
the faces of Count Corti and Baron Chotek,' who were pre
sent during Lord Derby's speech, the former looking dis
comfited and miserable, whilst the latter had an expression
of the greatest delight.
February 6th. — I went to Windsor. The Queen has
written a letter to Lord Derby insisting upon the Indian
army being under the Horse Guards ; but as he cannot, or
thinks he cannot, get the House of Commons to repeal that
part of the India Bill, he has written to say that if she makes
it a sine qua non he must resign.
February 7th. — Returned from Windsor. The Queen
' Italian and Austrian Secretaries.

1859 FUNDS GOING DOWN. 155
and Prince both very gracious and friendly, but much
alarmed at the clause in the India Bill relating to the army.
February 8th. — Lord Derby has settled not to disfranchise,
and Mr. Walpole objects. It is impossible to please him.
This last is opposed by Lord Stanley, which makes it the
more strange that it should also be opposed by the other.
Napoleon's speech is not so pacific as Lord Cowley informed
us it would be. Not a word is said about treaties, but a
good deal about the interests and honour of France, I
have no confidence in peace being preserved. The French
Ministers had a hard fight with him to make as moderate
a speech as the one he delivered at the opening of the
Chambers, Funds are gone down.
Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office: February 8, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — The speech has not been taken so ill here as
in Paris, and we all feel, I think, that the Emperor must have had
great difficulty in backing out handsomely. That he should back out
is the great point. ' The treaties ' — i.e. of 1815 — are the sentence
of condemnation of his uncle, and no wonder the words are hot
potatoes in his mouth. It is a good thing tbat he does believe
Europe is arrayed against his ambitious dreams. Have you seen
the map of Europe for 1860 ? Here they believe it to be issued by
his permission. Pray assure Walewski how much Her Majesty's
Government appreciate his wise and friendly conduct during the
past crisis (if past it is). If we can get a good agreement about
the Coolies and the Slave Trade Treaty, of which you gave us
hopes, it would do very great good. Tour language throughout
these difficulties has been most judicious and useful. The Emperor
sent me a message by the Duke of Hamilton, expressing his regret
for having shoiun Borthwich my letter to you. The Duke says he
told him plainly his mind on the subject. The Emperor also reit
erated to him assurances of the value he placed on our firm alliance.
Buol promises everything we wish as to the Danube. Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.

156 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
February 9th. — Cabinet this afternoon. Lord Derby an
nounced the resignation of Walpole and Henley. He has
been obliged to have moderate disfranchisement and redis
tribution. But this does not satisfy Lord Stanley, who talks
of resigning if the measure is not more liberal. Lord Hard
wicke and General Peel are dissatisfied because it goes too
far already. It may possibly end in Lord Derby's resigning.
Disraeli has behaved beautifully throughout, trying to smooth
all difficulties and faithful on all points to Lord Derby. So
have the others. Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : February 13, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — Since telegraphing to you, I have seen Lord
Derby, who says with truth that you are the only man who can
carry out our views with respect to France, Austria, and the Italian
qnestion. If, therefore, you have no decided reasons against it, I
would urge you, having first come to an understanding with the
Emperor, to go on a special mission to Vienna, and even to Turin
afterwards, if necessary. The obstacle that rose to my mind was
the Congress on the Principalities,' but it cannot meet before the
27th, as Musurus would scarcely be ready sooner. The next ques
tion is whether you think it desirable to come over here first, and
see Lord Derby and me. He seems to think you should ; but you
have the whole business so completely at your fingers' ends, that,
unless you prefer it yourself, I would not press it. The great
object is to eflect such a reconciliation between France and Austria
that they would agree to withdraw their armies from the Papal
States partly or altogether, and come to an agreement to try an
amelioration of the Papal Government ; to obtain positive declara
tions with respect to peaceful intentions, and a partial disarmament
founded upon them ; to induce, if possible, Austria to amend the
treaties obliging her to enter the Italian Duchies — this I doubt.
Tou could at the same time at Vienna sound Buol as to our admit-
' This Congress was to meet to decide whether there should be a union
of the two Principalities nnder one Hospodar or under two. The Porte and
England were for the latter, France and the other powers for the former.

1859 LOUIS NAPOLEON'S LETTER TO THE QUEEN. 157
ting the double election of Couza, provided we fortified the sicxrainte
of the Porte and the divisions of the provinces by stringent declani-
tions, stating our admissions to bo favours, and contrary to tho
original convention. Tour full powers might be sent over to you
as soon as I hear from you by telegraph as to substance, and by
special messenger as to detail. Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
February Wth. — The Queen sent me a letter she had just
received from Louis Napoleon. It professes friendship for
England, respect for treaties, and evidently reserves for him
self the interpretation he chooses to make as to how the
honour and interests of France are concerned in their obser
vance ; and as he says plainly that those are his first objects,
it is quite clear that he keeps himself free to act as he him
self may judge. The truth is that he is determined to go to
war with Austria to propitiate the Italians and to save his
own life from assassination, since the attentat of January,
1858. Cavour worked upon this at their interview at Plom-
bieres last autumn, and persuaded him that taking up the
cause of Italy will save his life, forfeited according to the
laws of the Carbonari. If this is so, there must be war,
for a personal motive is generally stronger than a public one,
and everybody agrees that his terror of assassination is very
great. No wonder, as he knows what a set of villains Car
bonari are. I have reason to know he is making immense
preparations for war, though he denies it in his letter to the
Queen. February 23rd. — We dined at the Palace. The Queen
was very amiable, and spoke a great deal to Lady Malmes
bury ; and the Princess Alice, who is very charming, talked
to me about music, on which subject she must have found
me sadly ignorant.

158 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
February 24th. — I have sent Lord Cowley to Vienna to
try and settle matters. Count Buol is much pleased.
Lady Tankerville says that Lady Palmerston told her that
the attack upon the foreign policy of our Government, for
which her husband has given notice to-morrow, was made
in compliance with the Emperor's wish !
March 1st. — Two hundred and eleven members of the
House of Commons were present at Lord Derby's meeting this
morning, and expressed themselves perfectly satisfied with
the Reform Bill, and determined to support the Government.
March 3rd. — Lord Henry Lennox has resigned. His
elder brother. Lord March, accepts office, and addresses his
constituents, expressing thorough confidence in Lord Derby.
Bidwell told Lord Henry that he, Walpole, and Henley were
like the three men who deserted their ship at Calais the other
day, thinking she was going down ; they were drowned, but
the ship was saved. The Radicals are furious with us for
bringing in such a moderate measure, and are holding
meetings to get up an agitation against it,
March 4th.— The new Ministers, Mr. Sotheron Estcourt
as Home Secretary, and Lord Donoughmore as President of
the Board of Trade, with Lord Lovaine as Vice-President,
were sworn in by the Queen at a Privy Council.
March 6th. — Louis Napoleon means to command his army
in person in the event of war. He has an idea that he is
a military genius, and used to send plans of operations
to the army in the Crimea ; but Pelissier on one occasion
made some remarks to me rather derogatory of his master's
generalship.

1859 THE 'CHARLES ET GEORGES' CASE. 159
I went to the Palace at six and had an audience of the
Queen, which lasted an hour.
Lord John Russell means to propose resolutions against
the disfranchisement of the forty-shilling freeholders, which
are sure to pass, and if we dissolve we shall have them all
against us, probably getting a worse Parliament than we
have at present. My idea is that the best move would be to
resign at once, before the second reading. The Queen would
then send for Palmerston, and the ' old lot ' would come in ,
to the disgust of the Radicals.
The case of the ' Charles et Georges,' to which I have
before alluded, came on this afternoon in both Houses, Lord
Wodehouse made a violent speech against me, and I replied,
showing that I had done all that could be done without
going to war with France; and as the Portuguese never con
sidered it was a casus belli, and M. de Louie admitted they
had never asked for anything but our good offices (which we
gave), the case was a perfectly clear and simple one. The
Opposition are now using every endeavour to damage us be
fore a general election. After a great clatter. Lord Wode
house withdrew his motion, but the newspapers continue
writing everything that is most false on the subject. I wish
I could settle the affairs of Italy as satisfactorily.
March 9th. — I dined at the Palace and came home very
tired. I should be glad to resign, as I am worn out. The
only people at the Queen's dinner were the Duke of Mont
rose, Lord Derby, and myself. Lord Raglan' is still at Berlin,
where he was sent by the Queen to represent her at the
baptism of the young Prince. To the great joy of his
beautiful wife he returns on the 12th.
' Lord Raglan died in 1884.

160 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
The Conservative members of the House of Commons
have objected en masse to the proposed disfranchisement of
the forty-shilling freeholders, and Disraeli announced a
modification of the clause. I fear, however, that nothing
will give us a majority at the second reading. There is no
doubt that Walpole's and Henley's defection have done
great harm to our Government.
March Wth. — Lord Cowley crossed yesterday in the storm
(which amounted to a hurricane), and called this evening.
We went together to Lord Derby, who does not appear san
guine as to the success of Lord Cowley's mission to Vienna,
though the Austrians have agreed to all we asked, but he
fears Louis Napoleon wants war, and if so he will not be
satisfied with any concession. It is said that the Italians
have again threatened his life if he draws back. If so,
which I believe is the case, such an existence must be misery ;
and no wonder he tries to escape from it. The chances of
death on the field of battle would be nothing compared to
the hourly expectation of the dagger of an assassin, I hear
that one of Rossi's murderers formed part of the deputation
sent to the Emperor in Paris, and he is constantly going to
him with accounts of plots against his life.
Lady Londonderry called. She dined several times at
the Tuileries, and gave us very much the same account of
the Emperor, who was in low spirits. She saw Madame de
Persigny, who complained of being so poor that she could
not afford herself a new gown. This was accompanied with
tears ; so she is just as childish and silly as ever.
A Committee has been formed, with Lord Shaftesbury
at its head, to collect subscriptions for Poerio and other
refugees who have landed at Cork, into which port they had

1859 BIG BEN REBELS. IGl
forced the American captain to enter, and are now coming
to London, en route for Turin, having broken their parole to
the Neapolitan Government. Pelissier called this morning ;
he is annoyed at the papers having announced that he was
at Paris, and considered it as a sort of joke in allusion to
his retired life. So I told him he had better give a dinner,
and send the list to the ' Morning Post.'
I went at three o'clock to accompany Count Lavradio,
who had an audience of the Queen, but he forgot all about
it, and had to apologize to Her Majesty, who took it most
good-humouredly. Big Ben, M.P. for Norfolk, headed a rebellion against the
second reading of the Reform Bill. About forty members
met, and agreed that Lord Derby ought either to withdraw
the bill, or, if beaten, resign without dissolving. They pro
bably mean to effect the last alternative by adding them
selves to the majority.
March Wth. — The Duchesse de Malakoff called on Lady
Malmesbury. Very amiable, but always in the same low
spirits. She makes no effort to amuse herself. Pelissier
now never stirs from home.
To-morrow will be decided whether, in case Lord John
Russell's resolution on the Reform Bill passes, we shall
withdraw the bill and dissolve Parliament, or wait a fortnight
and then dissolve it on our general policy. Lord Cowley
telegraphs that the Emperor, in a conversation, suggests a
Congress of the five Powers to settle the affairs of Italy,
excluding Sardinia. He says that would show the Italians
that he had done all he could for them, and that they could
not expect him to oppose the will of the rest of Europe. It
is evident from this that it is the Italians whom he fears.
VOL. II. M

162 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : March 19, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — ^We have just had a Cabinet upon your
despatch and the proposal it contains for a Congress — a proposal
which was made to me formally by Pelissier yesterday. Also upon
your various telegrams relating to details, and the one from Loftus
announcing the adhesion of Austria and her conditions. We think
Rome too far, and also that to hold a Conference on Italian affairs
anywhere in Italy is to be avoided. I cannot see how either
Prance or Austria, after what they have said, can refuse our
proposal as to Sardinia disarming ; but Austria should make a
declaration besides, and in the most public way, that she will not
attack her. Our guarantee of Sardinia with France ought to please
the Emperor, and it will take off the edge of leaving her out of the
Conference. The further answer to the Liberals, who are sure to
find fault with that exclusion, is, that her admission must involve
that of Naples, Rome, Tuscany, Modena, and Parma, and thus five
votes at the Conference. Tou must make the Emperor understand
tbat we can only address ourselves to the four points — viz. evacua
tion, reform, security for Sardinia, and substitute for treaties of
1847. If we go farther we shall be at sea. . . .
Toinrs truly,
Malmesbuet.
March 21st. — The second reading of the Reform Bill
comes on to-day, and Lord John Russell's amendment is to
move that the forty-shilling freehold franchise, as hitherto
exercised in the counties, shall not be abolished. Russia
declares that she prefers a Congress to a Conference on the
affairs of Italy, to be attended by Secretaries of State, which
will oblige me to go, and Lord Derby told me to-day I was
to do so, also that I should have the G.C.B.
March 22nd. — The Marriage Bill was thrown out in the
Lords, by a majority of ten. Lord Derby is annoyed at my
having to go to the Conference. The Italian Minister com
plains that he is so rude to him that he does not dare to

18.-)9 CAVOUR. 1G3
speak to him for fear of a quarrel. The fact is, as he himself
confessed to me, that he is much too honest and brusque
to make a good diplomatist, and go through the necessary
humbug of the profession.
March 24th. — Azeglio is going to Paris to meet Cavour,
and professes to be quite satisfied with my proposal to admit
envoys from the Italian States, to be heard at the Congress,
though not to sit at the Council. It is Austria that makes
difficulties, and has not as yet agreed to the basis. The
Emperor Louis Napoleon goes on with his preparations for
war. I suspect he agrees to the Congress merely to gain
time, as he is not ready. If this is the case, it would almost
be better to let things take their course. Austria could not
crush Sardinia before France could come to the rescue, and
it would then be a fair fight between the two Great Powers ;
but I feel that it is an imperative duty in me to prevent so
awful a calamity as such a bloody war would be.
March 25th. — The arrangements for the Congress do not
get on well. Louis Napoleon is now making difficulties and
temporising. Cavour is making mischief, and says that he
has letters from the Emperor and minutes of his conversa
tion with him at Plombieres, ' et qu'il le tient.' I fear this
is the case.
The Queen has written a very gracious letter to Lord
Derby, giving him leave to dissolve Parliament and to make
four Peers. Lady Derby called on Lady Malmesbury, and
said that after the Queen's letter it was Lord Derby's duty
to stay in as long as he could.
Austria has agreed to all my propositions, but will not
hear of Sardinia being represented at the Congress in
any way. I had proposed that the small States of Italy,
M 2

164 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
including Naples, should send representatives to the Con
gress, though only with a consultative title without a vote,
and if Austria refuses to consent to this there is an end of the
Congress, and war must ensue, as none of the other Powers
would allow such an act of injustice. Count Apponyi called,
in low spirits, and says that Austria refuses to consent to
our proposals, and that there will be no Congress. The posi
tion of affairs in England complicates matters and adds to
my difficulties, as none of the Great Powers, except Russia,
who agrees to everything, would move an inch till it is de
cided whether Lord Derby's Government can hold on or not.
If we were secure, Austria might make the concession we
require, which she would not if Lord Palmerston and Lord
John were in office ; and Louis Napoleon, seeing a chance
of his friends being in power, and of following a policy in
accordance with his wishes, throws, of course, every kind of
delay in the way of settling the case by negotiation. This
is the consequence of the unpatriotic and factious conduct
of the Opposition, who appear perfectly unconcerned at the
slaughter their policy will occasion. The ' Morning Post,'
which is the organ of the Emperor, Palmerston, and Azeglio,
is more violent every day against our peaceful foreign policy.
Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : March 25, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — ^Tonr letter of yesterday is very alarming,
showing, as it does, that the Emperor is no longer the same strong
man in mind and nerve that he was formerly. Five years ago he
would have put hia cousin and Cavour in their proper places in five
minutes, but now he seems to be their victim. Firmness on our
part may yet save Europe from a war, by giving him courage to do
what is right, and even what is best for himself. It is now quite
clear to me that we could not, with all your ability and energy,
have obtained an immediate disarmament. The sulky slowness of

1859 PROPOSED CONFEREXCE. 105
Austria herself was as great an obstacle as Cavour's frantic
struggles, and, as she is playing just as false as tho rest (Prussia
excepted), no depeudence could be placed on her assertions to us.
Austria would like to stay the war, see Sardinia made sufe, and then
have the status quo in Italy. My object, therefore, has been to
remove all pretexts of excuse, both on the part of France and
of Austria, for preventing a Conference. Sardinia was their mutual
pretext, and my proposal that all the Italian States should be
wivited to attend at but not in the Conference, as Belgium and Hol
land did at that of London, is unanswerable in equity, and supported
by a precedent of the greatest importance, inasmuch as the question
there involved the creation of two new kingdoms. Russia without
hesitation, nay, with eagerness, accepted all we proposed — viz. the
condition restricting the subjects to our four points, and also the
above-mentioned invitation to and admission of the Italian States.
Prussia has done the same, and is urging the whole scheme at
Vienna. If, therefore, the Conferences are to be stopped, it must be
there, or at Paris. We cannot agree to admit the six Italian States
into the body of the Congress, for they would make it a Babel, and
Scarlett has ascertained that Parma and Modena have no wish to be
so admitted. But if they and Rome are not parties to it, no more
can Sardinia (with whose internal relations we do not intend to
interfere) have a right to sit there. I think it desirable that you
should know step by step what course we have followed in this im
portant crisis, as the rapid succession of telegrams crossing one
another from every part of Europe is very trying to the memory.
On Saturday, the I9th, Pelissier brought me a despatch from his
Government, informing me that Prussia had suggested a Congress,
and asking the opinion of Her Majesty's Government. A Cabinet
met at three o'clock, and that evening I wrote a note to the French
Ambassador telling him we should consent on condition that the
subjects discussed should be confined to four — namely, evacuation,
reform, security against war between Austria and Sardinia, substi
tute for Austro- Italian treaties. The next day I sent for Brunnow
and informed him of the answer which I had sent to Pelissier, and,
giving him the four points in writing, begged him to inform his
Government that such would be our conditions if the proposal was
made by it to us. He did so by telegraph, and on the 22nd I
received a telegram from Crampton' to say that all our points were
1 Our Ambassador at St. Petersburg.

166 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
accepted. On the same day Brunnow called to confirm this, and
gave me a memorandum to that effect, but he did not give me the
official proposal for a Congress until the following day, the 23rd.
Subsequently the Russian and Prussian Governments have accepted
our four points, inclnding a distinct declaration that no territorial
rearrangement v/as to be discussed, and that the treaties of 1815
were to be left intact. Immediately after my note of the I9th to
Pelissier, I submitted our conditions to Austria, who, in reply,
insisted on the admission of all the Italian States, except Sardinia,
to the Congress; a proposal perfectly inadmissible, which I rejected,
but upon which, up to this moment, Austria is apparently not pre
pared to alter her intentions. The Russian and Prussian Govern
ments have also entirely adhered to my suggestion that the States
of Italy should be present at the Congress only en titre consultatif.
The only point, therefore, to be settled is this last one, and I hope
you will be able to show the French Government, as Loftus, I trust,
will be able to convince the Austrian Government, that it was the
only alternative desirable. With regard to the question of Conference
or Congress, we agree with you, and have recommended the former,
but as we are not the proposers of either we cannot urge it very
strongly. If the adoption of the latter name involves a general
representation by Cabinet Ministers, I must go, because the Queen
must be placed on the same footing as the other sovereigns, and,
such being the case, I do not see how Walewski can avoid being
present — ergo, you also. Tours truly, Malmesbuet.
April 1st. — The division took place in the House of
Commons on Lord John Russell's resolution, and we were
beaten by 39. A Cabinet Council took place to-day, and
immediately afterwards Lord Derby went to the Queen, but
the result of his interview is to be secret till Monday, when
he and Disraeli are to acquaint the Houses of Parliament
with our decision. Lord Derby will not resign, but dissolve
Parliament. Lord Waterford was killed out hunting, near Curragh-
more, a few days ago. His horse stumbled over a small
fence, and, falling on his head. Lord Waterford dislocated

1859 WAR DETERMINED ON. 167
his neck — a singular death for a man who had had so many
escapes. Lady Stuart de Rothesay started immediately to
go to her daughter, who is said to be quite composed, but is
probably stunned by the shock.
April 4th . — Lord Derby made his explanation this after
noon in the House of Lords. Disraeli spoke in the other
House, and was best, as his speech was shorter.
April 9th. — Bad news from Paris. Lord Cowley had a
long conversation with the Emperor yesterday, and it is
quite clear that he is determined upon war. He will not
induce Sardinia to disarm, and says he thinks war inevitable,
as the Congress will only patch up matters and retard it.
This agrees in every point with a report which I received
from Turin, saying that the Sardinians were determined to
go to war, and were sure of the Emperor's support ; that
they would be satisfied with nothing but the expulsion of
Austria from Italy and the annexation of Lombardy ; and
that France is to get Savoy and Nice in return for her as
sistance. This is very annoying after having done all we
could to prevent hostilities. Lord M. to Lord Cowley. Foreign Office : April 9, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — ^Tonr very interesting and important letter
has just been read to the Cabinet, and they all agreed that you did
not say a word too much to the man who broke his word to you,
and who, it is evident to me, has from the first meant an Italian
war, but has wanted both to gain time and, if possible, to put
Austria in the wrong. It appears now that Austria is reverting to
her first obstinate language about Sardinian disarmament, or that
Loftus misunderstood Buol in thinking that he included her in the
scheme of general disarmament. I have written by telegraph to
say that I will let the point stand as you put it to the Emperor,
who, if he refuses (which apparently he will do), will place himself

168 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
in the wrong. I send you a copy of Buol's telegram to Apponyi,
received this morning. If yon will write a private letter to Buol to
show him how well he will stand if the negotiations break off by
France refusing an ofiier of general disarmament as a principle, the
detail to be carried out in Congress, and the free corps specified as
part of troops to be disbanded, I think you will do good. We are
not prepared to give any guarantee as against France or upon eventu
alities ; but the unanimous sentiment of the Cabinet was, that you
might let it be felt by your manner and by mezze parole, that if
France adopts a course of violence after the language held to you
both before and after your Vienna mission, and after encouraging
Russia to humbug us into these negotiations for a Congress, we
shall look upon the whole proceeding as an affront as well as an un
warranted act of political profligacy. A reserved and cool demeanour
is proper at this juncture, and I believe will be the best and most
useful line to take. I can only add, therefore, that I wish you to
adopt it towards France on the subject of the Congress and Italy,
and at once to write to Count Buol, saying that his proposal, as we
understood it, and as you made it at Paris, is the only one we can
support among those he now suggests. We will not ask Sardinia
to disarm without being able to offer her a guarantee, and that
France, by refusing to join, prevents. I have been so harassed to
day between the Court and the Cabinet, that I must have written
very confusedly.
P.S. — Tou will not entertain at present any other proposal but
the one you submitted to the Emperor. Tours truly, Malmesbuet.
April 10th. — I hear that Massimo d'Azeglio is coming to
England on a special mission, which gives hopes that some
arrangement may be made. He is a very distinguished and
prudent man, and has been Prime Minister at Turin. Lord
Palmerston announces that his Government is ready. It is
the ' old lot,' Sir Charles Wood, Vernon Smith, Lord Gran
ville, &c. This Cabinet would not have the Radicals.
April 11th. — Sir James Hudson arrived this morning
from Turin, having travelled day and night. He breakfasted
with us, and talks confidently of the possibility of prevent-

1859 SIR JAMES HUDSON. 169
ing war. I gave him all the Italian papers to read. He
came in a state of great alarm, fearing he might not be
allowed to return to Turin as Minister, and took leave of
Cavour, saying it was doubtful whether he would see him
again. The fact is that he is more Italian than the Italians
themselves, and he lives almost entirely with the ultras of
that cause, I had reason to complain of his silence, and
quite understand how disagreeable to him it must have been
to aid, however indirectly, in preventing a war which he
thought would bring about his favourite object — namely, the
unification of Italy, France having agreed to a general dis
armament, it remains to be seen what Austria will say ; but
I fear her obstinacy will throw some obstacle in the way of
peace. Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : April 11, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — -I am quite determined to withdraw from
this fool's paradise about a Congress if we cannot settle the matter
on the present basis of a general disarmament. I will agree, of
course, to the detail being before or after the Congress as the
armed Powers may please to arrange, but I cannot think we should
risk the public fiasco of being refused by Cavour en plein Congres.
I send you my proposal as dictated to Pelissier on Monday last,
which Walewski has, of course, received, and in which you will see
that Sardinia is specifically mentioned. I have also telegraphed to
West ' this day, and send you a copy of it. It will be followed,
should he refuse, by a note raisonnee, which I shall send him alone,
should the other Powers decline addressing him in the same sense.
England cannot go on running from one to the other like an old
aunt trying to make up family squabbles, and when I wind up, it
will be to put the saddle on the right horse. The papers will show
that you and I have done our best to prevent a war, and to obtain
a Congress which nobody but Prussia and ourselves ever intended
should take place. Brunnow writes me a long paper to prove
that no disarmament should take place before the Congress. My
1 Lord De la Warr's son, Charge d' Affaires at Turin.

170 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
impression is tbat France, Russia, and Sardinia want to gain time,
because every day costs Austria 60,000Z. for her army, and France
will pay Sardinia.
6 P.M. — I am glad to add that Azeglio has just been here, and
has written a most urgent telegram to Cavour to induce him to
agree to general disarmament. The debate coming on Friday has
done this.
6.30 P.M. — Tour telegram has arrived, and only confirms me in
my determination not to go to a Congress without a positive agree
ment among all parties to disarm. Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
April Wth. — The Emperor Louis Napoleon refuses to ask
Sardinia to disarm, which, of course, makes his offer for
France to disarm perfectly useless. Lord Cowley writes
that he has good information that Louis Napoleon told
Cavour he must wait till July, and not mind in the meantime
what he says or does. If this is true, it is clear that he is
playing a deep game towards England and Austria, as well
as to Italy, by waiting to see if Palmerston comes in.
April 14th. — We went to the Drawing Room, and were
introduced to the new Lady Eglinton, Lord Essex's daughter.
April 15th. — The Emperor will not consent to the disarm
ament of Sardinia, but makes a ridiculous counter-proposi
tion — namely, that ' Austria should disarm under a guarantee
from France and England that she will not be attacked by
Sardinia.' It is clear that all he wants is to gain time. Lord
Clarendon quite approves of my Italian policy. He told me
so himself to-day in the House of Lords, adding that he had
tried to prevent Lord Palmerston and Lord John from making
their intended inflammatory speeches on behalf of Italy next
Monday, in which Mr. Gladstone intends also to join. This
will do immense harm at this moment, for it will encourage
Louis Napoleon.

1859 AUSTRIAN FAIRNESS. 171

Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office: April 15, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — If you wish for more proofs than those you
have personally received, in broken promises, of the falseness of the
Emperor, you will hare them in the paper I send you, written by
the surest informer I ever employed. His knowledge of what lue
have been doing is of itself corroborative security for the truth of
the rest. Now, we cannot stand before England and Europe on a
better base than the last Austrian proposal, which is good in
common sense and common equity. It is better than ours, because
simpler and safer. I would of course go into Congress upon ours ;
but if Austria insists on hers, I cannot oppose her by insisting on
mine against hers. I wish you distinctly to let this be understood
by Walewski and the Emperor, and that if Sardinia refuses to agree
to disarm with Austria and France, we shall withdraw from any
further negotiations, as we do not mean to be dragged into being
accessories before the war, whatever we may be obliged to become
afterwards. Tou may depend upon it that to the common-sense of
Englishmen, of whatever party they may be, the fairness of the
Austrian proposal will be convincing. I expect the French will
try to ride off upon our proposal of a previous agreement to disarm
and a post-Congress execution because Austria has declared she will
not consent. It is necessary, therefore, that you should state at
once we will not insist on ours as against Austria's plan if she
persists in it. If Sardinia refuses disarmament now, and Austria
makes it a casus belli, accompanying it with a note showing her
cruel position in being made to wait and bleed to death, or till her
enemies are ready, I believe public opinion will be with her. I
shall not mention the Emperor personally at all on Monday.
Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
(Paper referred to in foregoing.) Londres, 15 avril 1859.
L'une des raisons principales (peut-etre la cause essentielle) qui
forceront le gouvernement fran^ais a admettre le Congres, c'est
qu'en depit de tout ce que ses journaux semi-offioiels declarent, il
n'est pas encore prepare pour la guerre. Je tiens du  , que la
nouvelle artillerie ne repond pas a I'attente qu'on en avait con9ue.

172 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
que les projectiles fabriques pour les canons rayes n'offrent pas
assez de resistance et eclatent bien avant de toucher au but, que
tons ceux deja fores ont du etre reposes ; que les nouveaux pour
etre prets et eSicaces demandent des essais et des delais de fabrication
qui exigeront deux mois au moins. Deux ouvriers employes dans
le temps a Newcastle par Sir William Armstrong sont en effet em
ployes a Vincennes ; aujourd'hui I'insucces des nouveaux projec.
tiles — on les appelle ' bolt ' a Vincennes — fait dire que ces hommes ont
ete indnits en erreur. D'un autre cote, le desarmement general propose
par I'Autriche et appuye, m'a-t-on assure, par Votre Seigneurie em-
barrassesingulierementle gouvernement fran^ais : ouil doitconseiller
au Piemont de desarmer, et alors il humilie mortellement le Comte
Cavour ; ou il prouve au monde que ses protestations pour la paix
etaient mensongeres. Le General UUoa, refugie venitien, et inter-
mediaire du Prince Napoleon, se retranche derriere ' I'independance
du Piemont ' pour laisser ce pays libre de desarmer ou non. Des
renseignements re9us de diverses sources, toutes dignes de foi,
m'imposent le devoir d' apprendre aVotre Seigneurie qu'a Vienne on ne
fait pas mystere d' accepter des negociations qui font perdre un temps
precieux, et compromettent, en temporisant, I'excellente position
militaire de I'Autriche aux instances du gouvernement britannique.
S'il n'y avait pas de Congres, ou si le Congres n'allait pas aboutir,
il est a craindre que, dans le cas ou les hostilites seraient funestes a
I'Autriche, celle-ci ne reprochat alors a son gouvernement d'avoir
trop ecoute I'Angleterre.
April Wth. — Madame Bernstorff' called. She told us that
great laughter was created at the Drawing Room by Mr.
Under-Sheriff Thomas Jones passing the Queen with his
wife's cloak on his arm. I had an audience at the Palace
afterwards. The Queen did me the honour to say she was
pleased at Lord John Russell praising me in his speech yes
terday in the City. So friendly an interest on the part of
Her Majesty is a great satisfaction to me in the midst of my
labours and anxiety.
April Wth. — Went to the House of Lords to make my
' Wife of the Prussian Minister.

1859 DISARMAxMENT INSISTED ON. 173
statement. Nervous at not having any good news to an
nounce, and the subject being one of such extreme delicacy,
that it was necessary to weigh every word. But I am satis
fied with my speech, which was much cheered. Lord Derby
made a very fine impromptu one, which had a great effect,
and the debate was altogether in our favour. Lord Claren
don made a friendly speech. The French, not being ready,
are in a state of alarm, and willing to do almost anything we
choose, having received news that the Austrians have marched
on the Ticino, and are going to send a summons to Sardinia
to disarm instantly, or they will attack them without further
delay. They have applied for aid to France, which has sent
two divisions to the foot of the Alps, but can render no fur
ther assistance, being still so unprepared for war that General
Renaud has refused to take the command of the army in its
present state. Walewski has telegraphed to Malakoff and
to me imploring me to consent to admit Sardinia at the
Congress, and he will urge her to disarm under a guarantee.
I refused, and sent the following proposition, which, if not
accepted by France and Austria, is the last I will make —
namely, ' A general and simultaneous disarmament previous to
the Congress, under the superintendence of a military com
mission to ensure its being efficiently carried out. Sardinia
to be invited to attend the Congress with the other Italian
States, after the precedent of the Congress of Laybach in
1821 ; but, in accordance with the agreement entered into by
France and Austria, Sardinia is not to sit in the Congress as
one of the Great Powers.' If these propositions are rejected,
I will give up all further negotiation; and if Austria is
aware of her position, she will probably attack Sardinia
at once, and crush her before France or Russia can come to
her assistance.

174 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
April Wth. — Sardinia accepts the general disarmament on
the condition proposed by me, that she and the other Italian
States shall be admitted into the Congress on the same
footing as at Laybach. It remains to be seen whether Aus
tria consents. If she does, all the difficulties preparatory to
the Congress are overcome. If she refuses, our Government
will withdraw from the office of mediator, and leave the three
disputants to settle their affairs as they like. I went to
Windsor with Massimo d'Azeglio. We dined and slept there.
April 20th. — Austria has returned no answer yet to my
last proposal. If she refuses the case becomes very compli
cated, and it is impossible to say what will happen.
Lady Cowley called on Lady Malmesbury, and spoke in
high terms of the agreeable footing established between her
husband and myself in our official capacities. She expressed
herself much pleased also at Lord Clarendon's taking the
same view of Italian politics as I do,
April 21st. — The French, to whom the Sardinians have
applied for advice and assistance, recommend them to disarm,
as they cannot send any troops to help them in sufficient force
under ten days, when they could land a hundred thousand men
at Genoa ; but before that the Sardinians would be crushed,
and Turin taken. This information comes from Pelissier.
The Staffords, Shaftesburys, the Sardinian Minister,
his uncle Massimo d'Azeglio, and Sir James Hudson, dined
with us. The warlike news cast a gloom over the whole
party, and the only laugh created was by my telling them
that when a circular was sent to the foreign Courts an
nouncing the confirmation of the Princess Alice, which took
place to-day, it was discovered that in the Foreign Office

1859 VICTOR EMANUEL DICTATOR. 175
cypher the same figures stood for confirmation and confine
ment, which was awkward.
April 25th. — The Austrian summons to Sardinia to dis
arm was given at Turin on the 23rd. The Queen was very
anxious about the war when we went down to Windsor for a
Council. April 26th. — Due de Malakoff is recalled from London,
and is to command the Army of Observation on the Rhine.
Persigny is said to be appointed Ambassador here in his
place. If true, it is a hostile demonstration on the part of
the Emperor towards our Administration, for he well knows
how Persigny and his wife behaved when last in England ,
and how disagreeable it will be for us to have them here,
and for me to transact business with him almost daily. He
will go and repeat everything I say to Lord Palmerston .
Lord Cowley has begged me not to object to him, and M.
de Malaret told me that the Emperor objected to the Due
de Gramont, about whom there was a question, coming here
as Ambassador, because he married Miss Mackinnon, an
Englishwoman. Several thousand French troops have landed
at Genoa, whilst another division is crossing the Alps.
April 29th. — All Italy is now up; some of the Tuscan
superior officers required the Grand Duke either to abdicate
or declare himself for Sardinia. He refused to do either,
and left Florence. Victor Emanuel has been proclaimed
Dictator. The French have experienced great difficulties in
crossing the Mont Cenis, on account of the snow. Four
thousand workmen were employed in clearing the way.
April 30th. — The elections are going on badly for our

176 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
Government. Count Keilmansegge, the Hanoverian Minister,
says openly that Germany ought to declare war with France
at once, and tells me that the Germans are very anxious to
do so. This summons of the Austrians to Sardinia is a great
disadvantage to us at the elections, but we must try to localize
the war outside the bounds of the Confederation. If the
French enter the Tyrol the German Confederation would be
bound to assist the Austrians, which Prussia is very anxious
to do. It is for this reason, and to minimize the war as
much as possible, that our Government has urged Prussia ' to
remain tranquil, and I have written a strong despatch on the
subject. The French Emperor would naturally be glad to
manoeuvre on his left flank, but would find himself in
a hornet's nest, and all Europe would be in a blaze. The
Duke of Saxe-Coburg, whom I saw at Windsor, is very eager
to command the Prussian army. I went to Windsor this
morning to meet him, but by some mistake he came up to
London to see me. Lord M. to Lord Cowley. Foreign Office : May 2, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — Before the Emperor leaves Paris, make
a great effort to keep us out of the war, by obtaining his consent,
with that of Russia and ourselves, to neutralise the Adriatic and
Baltic. Ask for both, and if he consents, get both. Ask for the
east shore of the Adriatic up to Trieste and the Baltic ; and if you
cannot get that, the Baltic alone. To us the former signifies less,
although attacks on Austrian territory in the north-east corner of
' This despatch to Prussia, which is in my Blue Book, was (unknown at
the time to me) never shown to the Emperor, and when, three years later, I
saw him and he stated that I had encouraged Germany to act against him,
I proved to him the contrary by sending him a copy of it through the Duke
of Hamilton. I conclude that Lord Cowley, to whom I sent it, at the time
showed it to Walewski, and that the latter purposely suppressed it. The
reader will find it given at full length further on.

1859 THE COUNTS IIALLWTL. 177
the Adriatic might bring Turkey into play, and so have us into it.
But the neutrality of the Baltic would be a great security for our
remaining neutral, and I think the Emperor must see it. If
Germany goes to war with France, the blockade of her ports by
France or Russia must eventually drag us into the war, as our
trade would be ruined, and this is the only question besides the
Turkish one tbat would do so. Urge it, therefore, in your best
style. I telegraph to Crampton to moot it at St. Petersburg.
Now for yourself. I am told that if the Emperor goes to Italy,
you ought to be with him — I mean near him, because an Ambassador
is accredited to the sovereign himself. The Queen thinks it would
look too French, but I do not agree. What I am convinced would
be valuable, would be your advice and coup d'oeil at critical
moments, when a gleam of light might break in to give a chance
for pacific counsels and mediation. I have seen the Duke of
Coburg, who is red hot. He says Prussia cannot resist the pressure
of public opinion, and has therefore armed, and his aide-de-camp
goes so far as to hope tbat the Austrians will be beaten this
week, because then all Germany will rise as one man and invade
France. I told his Royal Highness that if they did, and France
attacked them in the Baltic, not one atom of help would they get
from us. He then stated that as long as the fighting was confined
to Piedmont, Germany would look on, but if the Austrians were
repulsed and the French followed over thO Ticino, they would at
once say, ' So far, but no farther, or it is a German war.' If this is
true, you see how useful it would be in such an eventuality to have
a man like you by Louis Napoleon to stop him, and the war too, at
the Rubicon. If you come over with your daughters, I shall see
you, which would be, at all events, desirable, but do not start till
you have done your best for the maritime neutralities. Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
May 5th. — I had visits from the two Counts Hallwyl, both
gentleman -like young men. They are Swiss and of a great
family, being descended from the elder branch of the Haps-
burgs, in consequence of which the late Emperor of Austria
at his Court is said to have given them precedence over the
Archdukes. I went to the Palace at three, to present the
VOL. II. N

178 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
Due de Malakoff, who had an audience to deliver his letters
of recall. He very nearly cried when he left the room, and
when he got to the top of the staircase he embraced me,
and went downstairs crying like a child. He is miserable
at leaving England. The Queen was quite touched, and
when I returned to Her Majesty she desired me to write in
her name to the Duchess to say how much she regretted her
departure. Disraeli says that 315 members are pledged to
him to support the Government, and is in great spirits.
The Austrians have crossed the Po at Cambio, advanc
ing upon Sala, and are entrenching themselves, nobody
knows why, as they are said to have 90,000 infantry,
13,000 cavalry, and 200 guns ; against 70,000 infantry,
4,000 cavalry, and 80 guns. They will, however, lose all by
their slowness; when the snow is melted on the Cenis the
French artillery will be able to cross and their opportunity
will be lost.
May 6th. — The Duchesse de Malakoff, accompanied by
Lady Ely, paid us a parting visit. She looked ill and very
low, and cried so much at taking leave of Lady Malmesbury
that Lady Ely said she would bring her back again to
morrow to wish her good-bye. Lord Cowley told me this
morning that he had remonstrated with Walewski against
M. de Persigny being named as Pelissier's successor, and
had received a promise that he would not send him. If he
does I shall transact business only through Lord Cowley and
the French Foreign Minister at Paris — namely, Walewski.
May 8th. — Lady Palmerston is quite sure of turning us
out, and of her husband being sent for, and will not hear of
Lord John Russell being a more likely man. She says that

1859 SIR JOHN LAWRENCE. 179
Lord Palmerston had already formed his Government, and
was quite ready to accept office. Lady Mary Craven, who is
just returned from Paris, told me that all the English were
rushing home from Italy and France, and that six hundred
English left Paris the day before she did, as there is a
strong feeling that Paris will not be safe after the departure
of the Emperor.
The Emperor has been obliged to leave many more
troops than he at first intended, owing to the excitement
and dissatisfaction known to exist at Paris. All his best
friends have warned him against the course he is pursuing,
but he has been obstinately bent upon war. If he is beaten
he will lose his crown, for his defeat and that of a legitimate
sovereign would not have the same consequences, the relative
positions not being equal.
Sir John Lawrence dined with us. He is, in appearance
as well as intellect, just the man to govern a rebellious India.
He has the most determined expression of countenance I
ever saw, and no one who met him this evening felt a doubt
that he would hesitate for a single moment in doing what
he thought necessary for the safety of the country he go
verned, however arbitrary the measures required might be.
May 10th. — M. de Malaret called at the Foreign Office,
much disturbed because I had not yet returned any answer
to the announcement of Persigny's appointment ; and he was
not satisfied with my message, which was simply that ' the
Queen would receive anyone that was sent by the Emperor
of the French.' M. de Malaret observed that the answer
was ' very short ; ' but I replied that ' it would be the more
easy for him to telegraph.' M. de Malaret then, without
my having made a single remark, began a vindication of
N 2

180 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
Persigny's conduct last year, which I received very coldly, so
they must be perfectly aware at the French Embassy how dis
agreeable the appointment is to us.
May Wth. — Lord Clarendon called upon me this morning,
and stayed for an hour talking politics.
May 14th. — Persigny called upon me at the Foreign
Office, and I received him in a friendly manner, as he
appears anxious to be on good terms with our Government.
He spoke very frankly, and gave the same account as Lord
Cowley of his nomination — ^namely, that the Emperor had
given him the Foreign Office in the place of Walewski,
when, at the last moment, Madame Walewska went to the
Emperor, threw herself at his feet, and persuaded him to
reinstate her husband. The Emperor then desired Walewski
to send Persigny to London as Ambassador, ' et sans raisonne
ments.' His credentials are not signed, and must be sent
to Italy for the Emperor's signature, so in the meantime
he returns to Paris. Quoere, whether this was not done to
prepare an honourable retreat for him if the Queen had
objected to his appointment ?
May Wth. — Prince and Princess Obrenovitch called on
us. He is son of Prince Milosch, Prince of Servia. She is
a Hungarian, and has a great reputation for beauty. They
are very anxious to have children, and have come to consult
the English doctors.

My dear Cowley,

Lord M. to Lord Cowley. Foreign Office : May 17, 1859.

Persigny gave Lord Derby and me three hours of assurances
respecting himself and the entire innocence of the Emperor of all

1859 MRS. MORGAN. 181
previous intention to go to war against Austria before tho 15th of
last month ! ! We received him very civilly, but he said with some
confusion that his letters would have to go all the way to Italy to
be signed. I suspect that he and his master aro waiting to see
what the 7th June may bring about, and perhaps it is as well it
should be so. He told me the Emperor could win a couple of
victories, and, having driven the Austrians into their taniere, leave
a Marshal to enjoy the marshes of Mantua, and return to Paris.
Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
May Wth. — Persigny has returned from Paris, and I
presented him to-day to the Queen to deliver his credentials.
Her Majesty received him civilly, but coldly, and he made
no speech. He did not appear satisfied with his reception,
and did not speak for five minutes after he left Her Majesty.
He is very anxious at the menacing attitude of Germany and
Prussia, and with reason ; but the casus belli depends on the
Emperor and his ally not crossing the boi^nds of the German
Confederation. We are doing all we can to localise the war
in the Lombard provinces.
I dined at the Palace ; as did the Duchess of Manchester.
May Wth. — We went to the Drawing Room, which was
very full. Mrs. Dallas presented a Mrs. Morgan, wife of the
United States Minister at Lisbon. Her appearance was
peculiar, her dress consisting of a green silk train, and a
white petticoat, without a bit of tulle or ribbon — nothing
but a plain hem at the bottom, and, I should think, nothing
but a chemise under. She looked as if she had forgotten
her gown and petticoat altogether and had come in her slip.
I gave my diplomatic dinner this evening. Persigny
looked very melancholy, so I went up to him in a friendly
manner, at which he seemed quite pleased.
Count Vitzthum, the Saxon Minister, called in the most

182 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
excited state about the war, and says that, if the Austrians
are defeated, nothing will prevent Germany from rising, and
if the allies gain a battle, 400,000 men will at once march
upon Paris, The French have no army to oppose them on
the Rhine, and Pelissier would be crushed. Azeglio has sent
a telegram to the Duke of Cambridge announcing a victory
gained by the Sardinians and French at Montebello. The
French admit a loss of 500 killed and wounded.
May 22nd. — A telegram from Sir J. Hudson confirming
the above gives some additional details. The first troops
engaged were the Sardinian cavalry, under General Sonnaz,
who charged six times, and kept the Austrians in check
until the arrival of Forey's division, which took the town of
Montebello, house by house, at the point of the bayonet.
The Austrians then retreated, leaving 200 prisoners. This
happened on the 20th, and the next day Cialdini is said to
have forced the passage of the Sesia. The Austrian version,
which I received this afternoon, was, that General Gyulai
sent Count Stadion to make a forced reconnaissance of the
French position. He fell in with a superior force, and
retired according to orders. He makes no mention of Cial-
dini's victory. General Count de Flahault, who was with
me, seemed to think it an affair of outposts. He is much
pleased with me for having accepted him when it was pro
posed to send him here as Ambassador, and told me that I
had done more for him than his friends the Whigs ever had.
Lord Palmerston having once positively refused to have him.
Lord John Russell is said to be ready to serve under Lord
Palmerston. May 23rd. — The King of Naples, alias Bomba, is dead.

1859 MONTEBELLO. 18.3
I hear the Austrians boast of having resisted, with 15,000
men, 40,000 of the Allies, for four hours, and only retreating
before overwhelming masses without losing a gun ; but the
natural question is. Where was the rest of their army ? and
why was it not present ?
Lord Normanby, who is at Florence, says that Sardinia
now pays taxes to the amount of 55 per cent, for the support
of the army. At this moment the poor peasants are in a
lamentable state, the mulberry trees cut down, which feed
the silkworms — their great article of trade.
May 24th. — The French papers give an account of the
battle of Montebello, making out they were only 4,000, and
the Austrians 18,000. Lord Cowley told Walewski he
wondered he was not ashamed of putting such statements
in the 'Moniteur,' to which he returned no answer. The
account from Turin, dated May 21, says that the Pied-
montese cavalry were driven out of Casteggio by the
Austrians, and followed by them to Montebello. The
French, under Forey, arrived to their support, but after a
severe contest of two hours the Allies were driven out of
Montebello. They were then reinforced, and recaptured the
village after much fighting and slaughter, the Austrians
suffering severely during the retreat. At Casteggio they
rallied and waited for the French, who were repulsed, and
retired in disorder to Montebello, both parties entering the
village pell-mell with fearful slaughter. The French admit
having had between six and seven hundred men hors de combat.
It is said that General Paraguay d'Hilliers sent to wake
Louis Napoleon in the middle of the night of the 19th and
20th, telling him he expected to be attacked before day
break. The Emperor replied, ' Est-ce la tout ? Ce n'etait

184 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
vraiment pas la peine de nous deranger ! ' and went the next
morning to visit the battle-field of Marengo.
May 27th. — The Queen returned to London yesterday,
and we are invited to dinner to-morrow.
Hudson telegraphs that Garibaldi has beaten the Austrians
at Varese. The Dowager Duchess of Hamilton died last night. She
had been one of the handsomest women of her time, and was
the daughter of Mr. Beckford, well known for his love of art
and his collections.
It is said the Emperor is at Alessandria, and following
the dangerous precedent of Marc Antony in Egypt.
May 29th. — The Queen and Prince feel very strongly the
defeat of the Austrians, and are anxious to take their part,
but I told Her Majesty that was quite impossible ; this
country would not go to war even in support of Italian in
dependence, and there would not be ten men in the House of
Commons who would do so on behalf of Austria. Her
Majesty and his Royal Highness are quite aware of this.
Garibaldi is reported to have gained three victories.
The number of French killed at Montebello is now
officially announced as being 1,163.
Very little joy is shown at Paris at the French victory.
It seems well ascertained that the Emperor went off sight
seeing at Marengo instead of joining his troops or sending
reinforcements to the front ! The Piedmontese say they
have crossed the Sesia and defeated the Austrians at
Palestro, and that Garibaldi is at Como. At these last
battles the King of Sardinia showed great intrepidity. He
headed his troops and was in the thick of the melee.

1859 MAGENTA. 185
June 1st. — I hear there is to be no vote of censure on our
Government, but no doubt Lords Palmerston and John
Russell, with those who expect to form j^art of their Govern
ment, are most factious, and determined to turn us out if
they possibly can.
Madame de Persigny was at the Queen's concert last
night, dressed like a little girl, in white, ;vith pink ribbons,
without jewels or flowers.
June 3rd. — The newspapers are beginning to make re
marks on the difference between Victor Emanuel and Louis
Napoleon — the former fighting for three consecutive days at
the head of his soldiers, and bivouacking with them on the
field of battle, whilst the latter picnics with Madame C  ,
However untrue this may be, there is no doubt that the
French are giving the Sardinians the roughest portion of
the business to perfornj.
June 4th. — Lords Palmerston and John Russell and
Sidney Herbert have issued a paper signed by them, to call
a meeting at Willis's Rooms, and to agree upon an amend
ment to the Address,
June 6th. — 1 received this morning from Lord Cowley a
telegram announcing a great victory gained by the French at
Magenta. The Emperor's message to the Empress admits 3,000
French killed and wounded, and 15,000 Austrians hors de com
bat. After the battle of Palestro, in which the French took no
part, the King asked for a French division to assist him and
enable him to get a little rest, as his forces were exhausted
after twelve hours' fighting. The French, though they
had 50,000 men near or in the town, refused, and the
King had to entrench himself, and his men slept with

186 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
their muskets piled before them. The Austrians attacked
them the next day, and drove them back, A French division
came up, but remained some distance behind, and when the
King sent to General Trochu to beg him to advance, he re
fused to engage in the action without orders from the
Emperor, who was not there. The Sardinians would have
been completely crushed if the colonel of the 3rd Regiment
of Zouaves had not rushed to their rescue without orders,
crying, 'Mais, ces malheureux vont etre abimes !' and then
made the famous charge which resulted in taking the Aus
trian battery and saving the Piedmontese army.
June 7th. — The Queen opened Parliament. I acted, as
Lord Willoughby's substitute, as Lord Great Chamberlain.
There are no details of the battle of Magenta, but the
French loss is so great that they do not dare announce it
in Paris. Two generals, Espinasse and Claire, are killed.
At Castelnovello, near Mortara, wounded Austrians were
murdered by the peasants.
June 8th. — Telegram from Lord Augustus Loftus from
Vienna, saying the fighting continued all Sunday, the bridge
of Magenta being taken and re-taken six times, and the
slaughter great on both sides. The Austrians had not re
treated or the French gained an inch.
June 9th. — I received a telegram from Paris, announcing
the entry into Milan of the Emperor and King. I cannot
understand why the French were so long entering Milan, as
the battle of Magenta was fought on June 4, and it was
not till the morning of the 8th that the two sovereigns made
their entry. The distance is only twelve miles. General
Paraguay d'Hilliers and Marshal Vaillant have been super-

1859 GOVERNMENT DEFEAT. 187
seded by Marshal Randon and General Forey. The former
is accused of allowing himself to be surprised at Montebello,
and the latter is too heavy to ride, and is obliged to go about
in a carriage. The retirement of Baraguay d'Hilliers throws
great doubt on whether Montebello was a victory to the
French. If it was, this is the first instance of a general in
command of a victorious army being superseded.
Lady Palmerston told Lady Tankerville that we should
be beaten by twelve on the Address. I am also of that
opinion, and, as far as I am personally concerned, shall be
glad, as I am ill and tired.
June 10th. — I had an audience of the Queen to-day.
Both Her Majesty and the Prince appeared to be anxious
about the position of the Government, and the events of the
war in Italy, which must affect all Germany. They know
Lord Palmerston's sympathies with France and Sardinia
against Austria.
June 11th. — Lord Derby's Government was beaten this
morning by a majority of 13 — 323 for the amendment to the
Address, 310 against. The division took place at half-past
two, and the result was received with tremendous cheers by
the Opposition. Azeglio and some other foreigners were
waiting in the lobby outside, and when Lord Palmerston
appeared redoubled their vociferations. Azeglio is said to
have thrown his hat in the air, and himself in the arms of
Jaucourt, the French Attache, which probably no Ambassador,
or even Italian, ever did before in so public a place. We
held a Cabinet Council at eleven a.m., and at twelve Lord
Derby went to the Queen to tender his resignation and that
of his colleagues. The Queen wrote him a very kind letter
this morning, saying that she was much grieved at his

188 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
Government being defeated, but would not part from him a
second time without a mark of her favour, and gave him the
Garter, making him an extra knight, which is hardly ever
done, except for Royalties, and at the same time she told
him she would give Sir John Pakington and me the Grand
Cross of the Bath, on which I was congratulated in the
kindest manner by all my colleagues. It is much better for
our credit to resign now, than to struggle through another
session with a majority against us, hampering every measure
brought forward, and obliging ^is to make humiliating con
cessions derogatory to the character of the party. We have
now been turned out by a mere trial of strength. Nothing
serious has been brought forward against us, only vague and
general accusatioiis of having mismanaged Reform and not
preventing war ; but, as the Italian papers have not yet been
given to Parliament, they have condemned us without evidence
on the latter point.
June Wth. — It is said that Lord Clarendon refuses posi
tively to join Lord Palmerston. The same authority declares
there is no doubt that Persigny came with orders not to
spare money in getting votes against us at the election ; that
one gentleman received 4801., the cost of his late election, is
well known.

Thus fell the second Administration of Lord Derby. With
a dead majority against him, it is evident that he could not
for long have maintained his ground, but it is equally certain
that he would not have been defeated on the Address if Dis
raeli had previously laid on the table the Blue-book containing
the Italian and French correspondence with the Foreign
Office. Why he chose not to do so I never knew, nor did

1859 LORD DERBY'S INDIFFERENCE. 189
he ever explain it to me ; but I presented it to the House
of Lords at the last moment when I found he would not
give it to the House of Commons, and at least twelve or
fourteen members of Parliament who voted against us in
the fatal division came out of their way at different times
and places to assure me that, had they read that corre
spondence before the debate, they never would have voted
for an amendment which, as far as our conduct respect
ing the War was concerned, was thoroughly undeserved,
we having done everything that was possible to maintain
peace. Mr. Cobden was one of these, and expressed himself
most strongly to me on the subject. It may be asked why
Lord Derby did not himself order this Blue-book to be pro
duced ; but the fact was that he wished to resign, worn out
by repeated attacks of gout and the toil of his office, and was
indifferent to continuing the struggle. When, a few days
after, the Blue-book was read, I received as many congratu
lations upon its contents as during the past year I had
suffered attacks from the Opposition and from the ' Press,'
and many members repeated over and over again that, had
they read it, they would not have supported the amendment.
June 14th. — Everybody is at Ascot. The Queen is gone
to Windsor, but returns to hold a Council, when the new
Ministers will be sworn in if their Government is formed.
At present only Lord John Russell is appointed as Foreign
Secretary. Lord Palmerston wished for Lord Clarendon, but
the former insisted on having it himself. Our party are very
much displeased with Disraeli for not laying the French and
Italian correspondence on the table of the House of Commons
in time, as all agree now that we should have had a majority
if that had been done.

190 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
Lord M. to Lord Cowley.
Foreign Office : June 14, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — It only remains for me to thank you for all
the able and cheerful assistance you have given me. Tou have
been my right-hand man, and I hope the future Government will
continue to avail themselves of your services.
They are squabbling about the Chancellor at this moment, as to
whether he should be Cranworth, Bethell, Cockburn, or Romilly.
I conclude Hudson is dancing about with joy at the development of
his lucubrations. Azeglio was waiting at the House of Commons
door, and when the division was announced, cheered and drummed
on his hat, to the indignation of our defeated M.P.s. Fancy you,
the English Ambassador playing such antics at the gates of the
Tuileries ! What mountebanks Italians are ! He and Jaucourt
embraced and halloed in the most frantic way when Palmerston
walked out of the House. Persigny has not been near me for above
a week. Dizzy would not let me lay the Italian papers the first
night, and Clarendon says this lost us the division ! If I had not
insisted on Friday, they could not have appeared at all. Adieu.
Tours truly,Malmesbuet.
June Wth. — Lord Derby made a short statement about his
resignation of office, and attacked Lord Granville for having
repeated what had passed between the Queen and him. The
substance of their conversation appeared in the ' Times ' next
morning, and must have been either sent by him or repeated
to some one who sent it, the only people present being the
Queen, Prince, and Lord Granville, I hear Her Majesty was
very much displeased when she read the article. Lord Gran
ville confessed he had been indiscreet, and had repeated his
conversation with Her Majesty to his political friends, and
as Mr, Delane dined with him on that day, there is little
doubt how the statement got into the ' Times,'
June Wth. — We all went to Windsor to give up our seals
of office. I had a long audience of the Queen, who was most

1859 THE NEW CABINET. 191
kind and gracious, and went so far as to say she was sorry
to lose my services. All my colleagues, as they were coming
back in the railway carriage, praised the Blue-book on Italy,
except Disraeli, who never said a word.
The new Cabinet is as follows : Prime Minister, Lord Pal
merston; Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr, Gladstone; Foreign
Secretary, Lord John Russell ; Home Secretary, Sir George
Cornewall Lewis; Colonial Secretary, Duke of Newcastle;
War Secretary, Mr, Sidney Herbert ; Indian Secretary, Sir
Charles Wood ; Admiralty, Duke of Somerset ; Lord Chan
cellor, Lord Campbell ; President of the Council, Lord
Granville ; Privy Seal, Duke of Argyll ; Postmaster-General,
Lord Elgin ; President of the Board of Trade, Mr, Cobden ;
Poor Law Board, Mr, Milner Gibson ; Secretary for Ireland,
Mr, Cardwell; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Sir
George Grey.
Lord John Russell came to see me at seven o'clock this
afternoon, as is customary for the new Secretary to do, in
order to get a resume of the state of foreign affairs. He
expressed himself anxious to keep up the navy and defences
of the country, and observe strict neutrality, although we
know that Lord Palmerston wishes the war to proceed at any
cost for the emancipation of Italy. Gladstone announces his
intention of cutting down our expenditure, and has refused
to take our estimates. I foresee in all this the seeds of future
discord ; and the amount of talent in the Cabinet, instead of
facilitating legislation, will impede it.
Lord M. to Lord Cowley. Foreign Office : June 18, 1859.
My dear Cowley, — I am just come from Windsor, where the
last act was consummated, and I am about to have a long hour's
conversation with Lord John. The Cabinet is remarkable for its
personnel of talent, and for having three Dukes in it. The successes

192 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
of the French army give serious cause of reflection. Here is a man
professing to be unprepared, who has in six weeks sent an army of
160,000 men and 400 guns, with pontoons, &c., from France to the
Mincio, driving the finest army possible before him like sheep. To
believe he will stop or be stopped is what I cannot do. The next
year will be one of triumph and debauchery. Then will come the
Rhine quarrel, but he will fight shy if he can of England. It is a
superstition with him to do that. Tou still seem to believe in
Walewski and Louis Napoleon ; I cannot do so. Now our Blue-book
is together, it is evident that he never meant a Congress. The
proofs are the Russian proposal, which floored you, and his refusal
to make Sardinia disarm on our guarantee. Our Blue-book — for it
is yours and mine — has had the most wonderful success, and com
pletely turned the tide which the newspapers had driven against us ;
but Disraeli would not let me lay it the first day. Clarendon, and
all the Whigs, and our men say that it would have saved us if it
had come out. If I had not laid it myself on the Friday, it would
never have appeared at all ! His real reason for this strange line
was that he had not read it, and could not have fought it in debate.
The absence of the document enabled both Palmerston and J. Russell
to make the most unfounded assertions that we ' had threatened
France,' &c. I suppose all this wUl end in a Congress at last.
Tours truly,
Malmesbuet.
Mr. J. F. Delane to Lord M.
16 Serjeants' Inn : June 20, 1859.
Dear Lord Malmesbury, — Allow me to suggest in reply to your
phrase ' posthumous praise,' that it was not my fault that the praise
came too late. I sincerely believe that if you had published your
despatches a fortnight earlier they would have had a very important
infiuence on the division, and I think it has been sufficiently proved
that I should have done you justice irrespective of party interests.
Faithfully yours,
John F. Delane.'
^ I wrote to thank Mr. Delane for his posthumous praise of my Italian
correspondence in the Blue-book. Mr. Delane was the celebrated editor of
the Times, and a man of great intelligence, much appreciated in society by
both political parties.

1859 LORD TANKER \'ILLE. 193
This was an answer to a note which I wrote to Mr.
Delane, the editor of the ' Times,' for praising my Blue-book
on the Italian war, after a long course of abuse.
June 21st. — Ferdinand St. Maur, the Duke of Somerset's
son, called to thank me for the letter of introduction which
Count Apponyi has given him at my request to Count Rech-
berg, the Austrian Prime Minister. Ferdinand wishes to
join the Austrian army and see the campaign.
June 22nd. — Mr. Burrell called. He came from Hamburg,
and travelled in the train with a French colonel who was
going to join the army in Italy, and who said they were
sadly in want of officers, an immense number having been
killed. They were picked off by the Tyrolese riflemen.
June 23rd. — An order has been given by Lord John
Russell that everything without exception is to be sent to
Lord Palmerston and the Queen without his marking it. I
suppose this is to make a contrast with Lord Palmerston's
conduct when Foreign Secretary under him, and when he
turned him out for not sending the famous despatch to the
Queen and himself.
June 25th. — My father-in-law. Lord Tankerville, died last
night. He was above eighty. He walked to his bed with
out any assistance, and his valet found him dead in the
morning. He had always been most kind and friendly to
me. June 26th. — The French gained another great victory '
on the 24th, owing, it is said, to the folly of the Emperor
of Austria, who, contrary to every rule of strategy, crossed
' On the plain of Solferino.
VOL. 11. 0

194 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
the Mincio to offer battle to the Allies, with the river
in his rear. The battle lasted twelve hours. The right
wing of the Austrians, under Benedek, had defeated the
Piedmontese, but, their centre being broken, they were
forced to retire, which they seem to have done in good
order, not having lost any of their field artillery. The
French claim three flags and 7,000 prisoners, but say no
thing of their own losses, which must have been great, as
they were unable to pursue the Austrians ; and it is remark
able that in both the last combats, after desperate fighting,
the Allies have never been able to follow up the beaten
army. They are, therefore, very much of the nature of
drawn battles.
At Magenta it was quite so, for on the second day they
were held in check, and the greater part of their army
retired across the Ticino to reorganise, which they did not
effect till three days after the battle, when they entered
Milan, only twelve miles off. The Austrians had the best of
the battle till one o'clock, when MacMahon came up and
saved the day.
June 29^/1.- -The French losses must be very heavy, as
they have been three days inactive since the battle of
Solferino, and, according to the telegrams, are only just
crossing the Mincio. The Sardinian cavalry have been
nearly annihilated.
June 30th. — Colonel Claremont, our Commissioner with
the French army, writes that it has lost 15,000 killed and
wounded, among whom are two generals, Dieu and L'Admi-
rault. He says that the wounded suffered horribly from the
intense heat and want of water ; the drought in the country

1850 FRKXCII AND AUSTlilAN LOSSKS. 1 9r)
where the French are eucampod being so great that many
children belonging to the peasantry in the villages have died
of thirst. Colonel Claremont says also that the Austrians
retreated in perfect order, and at that moment a tremendous
storm came on ; the sky was perfectly black, and the constant
flash of the lightning, the hurricane, and deluge of rain and
hail, all mingled with the roar of cannon, made the most
awful scene that can be imagined. When the sun again
shone forth, the Austrian columns were just visible in the
distance. The French, though victorious, had suffered so
much that they could not pursue. The feeling at Vienna is
very bad. They accuse the Emperor of having sacrificed
the army by his own and Gyulai's mismanagement. This is
supposed to be the reason of his return to Vienna.
I went at three o'clock to the Palace to attend the
chapter of the Bath and to receive the Cross from Her
Majesty's hands.
July 1st. — Ossulston, Lord Wrottesley, and I attended
Lord Tanker ville's funeral, which took place at Harlington,
in the churchyard of which stands, I believe, the largest yew
tree in England. I never saw one so enormous, excepting
perhaps that at Broomfield, in Somersetshire.
July 2nd. — The losses of the French and Austrians are
beginning to ooze out. They are apparently terrible, judging
by what they admit. The ' Moniteur ' confesses to the French
loss being 720 officers hors de combat, 120 of whom are
killed, and 12,000 privates killed and wounded ; but private
accounts state the numbers to be three times as great. The
French Chasseurs d' Afrique, who were sent in pursuit of
the Austrians on the 24th, were completely ridden over by
the Uhlans. The Sardinians own to having lost 5,000 killed
o 2

196 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
and wounded. The Emperor Louis Napoleon announced in
a despatch to the Empress, dated July 1, that the arrival
of Prince Napoleon at Villaggio with 35,000 men has enabled
him to approach Verona ; that he has left the corps d'armee
at Goito to watch Mantua, and is about to assemble another
at Brescia to watch the passes of the Tyrol. The Austrians
own to having lost 2,000 killed and 8,000 wounded.
July 4th. — The King of the Belgians sent for me to-day,
but had nothing particular to say, so it was evidently only
a compliment. He sent for Lord Derby in the same way
yesterday. He told me, however, that Lord John Russell
had sent a very sneering despatch to Prussia, but he did not
think Prussia would go to war, and that he meant to fortify
Antwerp. The heat is becoming fearful, and the smell from the
Thames so bad in Whitehall Gardens, where we live, that
we cannot open the windows.
Lord John Russell has cancelled Sir Arthur Magennis'
appointment to Naples, and recalled Lord Chelsea, who is
Secretary of Embassy at Paris. Lord John's brother-in-law,
Elliot, is to have Naples, and a Grey gets Lord Chelsea's
place in Paris, so the old favourites of fortune are sitting
on the sunny side of the hedge.
Prince Esterhazy called upon me, and admitted the mis
takes of the Austrian generals, but said that the troops
fought heroically. The Emperor Francis crossed the Mincio,
contrary to Marshal Hesse's advice. His army marched fif
teen miles, fought for fourteen hours, and then marched
back fifteen miles without tasting food, and under a burning
sun. Many who were unwounded left the battle-field, lay
down, and died from pure exhaustion.

1859 ' BEAR ELLICE,' 1 97
July 8th. — This great heat is increasing. Fahrenheit
stands at 90° in the shade by day, and 80° at night. The
French and Austrians have agreed upon an armistice, in con
sequence of which Lords Stratford and Elcho will withdraw
their resolutions tending to force the Government to keep
peace. So it is saved. The demand for the armistice came
from the French Emperor. I believe our Ministers tele
graphed to tell him the danger they were in, should these
motions be carried, as the effect would be, even if they were
not turned out, to tie their hands and prevent their being of
use to him during the recess. A very bad fever has broken
out in the French army, and this, combined with his losses
at Solferino, has obliged the Emperor to ask for an
armistice. The request came from himself ; it is to last till
August 15. Another report is that the two Emperors are to
settle everything between them without the interference of
any other Power.
' Bear EUice ' is just returned from Paris, where he dined
with M. Fould, and he says the French Ministers, now they
have read my Blue-book, do me justice, and profess to be
satisfied that I behaved impartially and fairly towards them.
July 10th.— 1 hear that the Emperor Napoleon and Cavour
are quarrelling. The latter wants to annex everything to
Sardinia, and the former will not agree, and is alarmed at
the state of Romagna. The Pope threatens to excom
municate Victor Emanuel ; the French clergy take the Pope's
part, and it was with great difficulty that the Archbishop of
Paris was persuaded to officiate at the Te Deum in honour
of the battle of Solferino.
Madame Apponyi called. She said, respecting the armis
tice, that though it was Louis Napoleon who asked for it.

198 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
there were some things which made it advisable to grant it;
but that no unreasonable concessions would be made, and
quite scouted the line of the Adige, saying the Austrians
would not give up the Quadrilateral. She spoke bitterly of
the present Government, saying, when I mentioned that they
promised neutrality, ' Elle est jolie, leur neutralite.'
Jidy llth. — Hotter than ever. Persigny called on me,
and told me he thought there was a good chance of peace.
The two Emperors were to have a conference this morning
at nine. Louis Napoleon goes directly to Paris. He has
issued an address to his army announcing his departure, and
that Marshal Vaillant is to have the command in his absence.
At the first shot he will return to them.
The thermometer is 97° Fahrenheit in the shade, and
the French are devoured by flies and other insects.
July Wth. — I got a letter from Persigny announcing
that peace was signed between the two Emperors, and the
conditions, saying that the Emperor of Austria gives up
Lombardy, to the line of the Mincio, to Louis Napoleon,
who gives it to the King of Sardinia. This is a repetition
of the 'Cagliari' story, and is humiliating to Sardinia, for
in both cases the concession has not been made to her but
to her protectors. In the ' Cagliari ' case, the ship was
given to England and made over by her to Sardinia. In
this one, Lombardy has been conquered by France, who has
assumed the whole glory of the campaign.
Parma, Modena, and Tuscany are restored to their
former possessors, and the Pope is to be the head of an
Italian Confederation, but this never can be carried out.
Venice and its territories still belong to Austria, but are in

1859 SAVOT ANNEXED. 199
some way to be independent. This part I do not understand,
and the whole arrangement must be very unsatisfactory to
the Italians, who have every reason to think themselves
sold; the more so that the French get Nice and Savoy,
which are the most ancient of Victor Emanuel's family
possessions. July Wth. — A fresh breeze, which makes the heat more
endurable, though 90° in the shade and 84° in the house.
Everybody is laughing at the peace, particularly at the
Pope's title of ' honorary president,' which is certainly
absurd. The whole arrangement is astounding, as pre
tending to be a solution of the Italian question, and as
giving independence to Italy. Lombardy, up to the Mincio,
is annexed to Sardinia — not made a free State, as the
Lombards wished, for they hate the Piedmontese. Modena,
Parma, and Tuscany are forced to return to their allegiance
and rejected sovereigns ; and the Pope, whose territories are
worse governed and more miserable than any part of Italy,
is made honorary president over the whole confederation.
And it is for this miserable humbug that a hundred thousand
lives have been sacrificed.
Count Cavour has resigned in a rage at the way in which
the Italians and his master have been sold, as he intended
to have annexed the whole of Italy to Sardinia. He is
especially furious at Louis Napoleon annexing Savoy.' It
is said a very angry scene took place between them, and
that Cavour was so violent and insolent in his language,
' This fury of Cavour at the cession of Savoy was the consummation of
his histrionic powers. He had promised it to Louis Napoleon ever since
their meeting at Plombieres two years before, and it was in fact the condition
of the Emperor's assistance.

200 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
that the Emperor threatened to have him arrested, when he
replied, 'Arretez-moi, et vous serez force de retourner en
France par le Tyrol.'
July Wth. — We went to the banquet given to the late
Ministers at Merchant Taylors' Hall ; very splendid. Lord
Derby made a fine speech. Disraeli followed ; after which
my health was proposed.
July 20f^.— The papers give an account of Louis
Napoleon's reception at Turin, which was a very cold one,
he and the King entering the town together in an open
carriage. The latter was cheered, but there was not a single
cry of ' Viva I'lmperatore ! ' or ' Viva la Francia ! ' Cavour,
who was alone in the next carriage, was received with
showers of nosegays. The Emperor left the following
morning at 6 o'clock, arriving at St. Cloud at 8.30 p.m. next
day. July 21st. — Persigny came to give me the account of how
the peace was brought about. M. de Persigny, after the
armistice, by the Emperor's order, went to Lord Palmerston
and said that the time was come for mediation, and suggested
conditions — namely, Venice and its territories to be taken
from Austria, not annexed to Sardinia, but made into a
separate and independent state. There were other conditions,
but this was the principal one. That Lord Palmerston
agreed to this, and rode down to Richmond to tell Lord
John Russell, who was equally delighted; and that the
proposal was adopted by them and sent to the Queen, who
was at Aldershot, which occasioned some delay. That Her
Majesty refused her consent, saying the time was not come

1859 HOW PEACE WAS BROUGHT ABOUT. 201
yet to make these proposals, as the fortresses were not
taken. That, however, in tile meantime, Persigny had
telegraphed the consent of the English Government to his
master, who immediately asked for an interview with the
Emperor of Austria, showed him Persigny's despatch, saying,
' Here are the conditions proposed by England and agreed
to also by Prussia. Now listen to mine, which, though
those of an enemy, are much more favourable. So let us
settle everything together, without reference to the neutral
Powers, whose conditions are not nearly so advantageous to
you as those I am ready to grant.'
The Emperor of Austria, not suspecting any reservation,
and not knowing that the Queen had refused her consent to
these proposals, which, though agreed to by her Government,
were suggested by Persigny evidently to give his master the
opportunity of outbidding us, and making Francis Joseph
think that he was thrown over by England and Prussia,
accepted the offer, and peace was instantly concluded.
Louis Napoleon in his speech to the Senate and Chamber,
who waited upon him at St. Cloud, acknowledged fairly that
he could not have taken the fortresses, if at all, without too
great a sacrifice of life, and also that it would have entailed
a general war and revolution all over Europe.

I think it right in this place to interrupt my diary, and,
passing over two years for a time, to relate a conversa
tion which I had with Napoleon III., on the subject of
my tenure of the Foreign Office, previous to and after the
war in Italy.
The Emperor entertained throughout Lord Derby's
administration of 1858-9 a real or pretended conviction.

202 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
encouraged by Walewski and the English ex-Ministers,
that we were irreconcilably hostile to the liberation of
Italy, and to the French Government, which had deter-r
mined to effect it, as far as concerned the Northern part.
It was therefore that, being on a tour through France in
1861, I wrote to Persigny from Tours to say that I should be
soon at Paris, and wished to have an audience of the Emperor.
To this his Majesty consented. I had not seen him since
Cherbourg, where I attended the Queen in August 1858,
and when I found him still resenting our coming into office
upon the question which arose from Orsini's attempt on his
life. The House of Commons had refused to pass Lord
Palmerston's bill to alter the law under which Dr. Bernard
was to be tried as an accomplice, and Lord Palmerston had
resigned in consequence. Since then, being at the head
of the Foreign Office, I received various hints from the
Emperor's Ambassadors that he considered our party hostile
to himself, and all my attempts to check his interference
with Lombardy had confirmed his dislike. Palmerston and
his then slave, Persigny, with all their following, male and
female, both in London and Paris, aggravated the Emperor's
prejudices to such an absurd degree as to make him believe
that I was getting up a German coalition against him.
These impressions, I knew, remained ; and my object was
to remove them for the sake of the two countries, should
the Conservatives again return to power.
He received me on April 6, at two p.m., in a room on the
ground floor, opening out of the central pavilion of the
Tuileries. I told him why I wished for an interview, and
he said it was quite true that my party had behaved to him
in the most hostile manner, but that he did not wish to go
over the past. I insisted on doing so, and told him that, on

1859 INTERVIEW WFITI LOUIS NAPOLEON. 203
Bernard's affair, when we first came into office, Persigny
was so excited with the defeat of Lord Palmerston and his
quarrels with Walewski, that I never could have a moment's
reasonable conversation with him, or get any notion of his
Majesty's ideas ; that when Pelissier came we all liked him,
but that never once could I have an open and argumentative
discussion Avith him on any points of policy, as he apparently
had no information or orders from Paris, so that, in fact, for
the fifteen months I was Foreign Secretary, I never had
a chance of personally holding frank communication with
any French Ambassador. As to planning a German coalition
against him, I said my despatches were printed and extant,
to prove that it was our Government who had prevented the
Prussians and other German States from joining Austria
when he and his alhes crossed the Ticino. He was very
much struck with this statement, and said : ' It is always so,
when one hears from one's Ministers at the small Courts, as
I did this from the Court at Saxe- Weimar.'
The Emperor then held forth on the hatred of the aristo
cracy in England and of the Press against himself, though
he believed that the people had no such feeling. He abused
our suspicious fears and useless preparations. I replied that
no man could astonish the world as he had done lately
by his performances in Italy, without frightening it also,
and that all we did was for defensive purposes.
His Majesty was as abusive and evidently as ignorant of
the nature and power of the English Press as I had always
found him, exaggerating both its vices and its influence. He
was much out of humour with Lord Palmerston's Govern
ment, which suspected all he did, and was always complain
ing of his building ships, and he ridiculed it as childish.
' Let each build what he considers the right number ; you

204 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
ought to have twice as many as I, as they are your principal
protection.' He confessed he did not know what to do with the Pope,
who, though defended and protected by him, harboured his
enemies under his own flag, meaning the French Royalists.
He then plunged into the history and results of the
Lombard war.
' When I determined to support the Piedmontese in the
event of Austria crossing the Ticino, and saw Cavour in
1858, it was agreed between us that France should expel the
Austrians from the whole North of Italy, and that the Pied
montese should pay the cost. At the battle of Solferino the
French victory left my army very short of ammunition, with
a loss of 17,000 of its prime troops, 160 miles from my base
of operations, and with fever, still more fatal than the battle,
raging in its ranks. I could not advance, and my retreat
must have been through a hostile country, as the Italian
peasants east of Milan were strongly for the Austrians.
Fortunately for myself and the shattered Italian army, I
obtained the Peace of Villafranca ; but Cavour, who is no
soldier, and either did not or would not comprehend the
situation, was furious, and declared that the Piedmontese
Government, as I had not fulfilled my covenant by conquer
ing Venetia, was not bound to pay the expenses of the war.
It was impossible for me to return to Paris with a loss of
50,000 of my soldiers, and ask the French to pay 80,000,000?.
without any equivalent. There would have been one in the
glory and political and national influence of my victories
if Piedmont paid the cost ; but as that was refused, I
was obliged to take the material compensation of annexing
Savoy, which might be considered by Fraftice to be worth
the price of her men and money.'

1859 ACCOUNT OF LOMBARD WAR. 205
Such was the Emperor's account to me of this great
transaction; and no doubt the Piedmontese Government
found it easier to pay in territory than in cash, and were in
reality better pleased with the bargain, for, besides this,
they eventually annexed Modena and Tuscany to Turin.
The following is the circular addressed in a despatch to
Her Majesty's representatives at the German Courts, a copy
of which was sent to Paris but which the Emperor never
saw, and which I therefore subsequently gave to the Duke
of Hamilton, who showed it him to prove that our Govern
ment had done all they could to localise the Italian war
and prevent a general one. Foreign Office : May 2, 1859.
Sir, — I have to acquaint you that Her Majesty's Government
witness with great anxiety the disposition shown by the States of
Germany to enter at once into a contest with France. Her Majesty's
Government cannot perceive that at the present moment Germany
has any grounds for declaring war against that Power, and still less
would the Confederation, in their opinion, be justified in prematurely
adopting any course which would bring on a European war.
It is desirable, however, that the Governments of Germany
should entertain no doubt as to the course which in such a case Her
Majesty's Government would pursue, and therefore you will expli
citly state to the Government to which you are accredited that if
Germany should at present, and without a casus foederis, be so ill-
advised as to provoke a war with France, and should, without any
sufiicient cause, make general a war which on every account ought,
if possible, to be localised. Her Majesty's Government determine to
maintain a strict neutrality, can give to Germany no assistance, nor
contribute by the interposition of the naval forces of this country to
protect her coast from hostile attack.
The elections now proceeding afford an undeniable test of public
feeling on this point, and it may be said to be the only one in which
the English people appear to be at the present moment absorbed.
That Germany should arm and prepare for eventualities is natural
and right, but in the opinion of Her Majesty's Government no act
has as yet been committed by France against Germany, and no

206 MEMOIRS' OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
treaty obligation subsists which justifies her to provoke an attack on
her own territory or an invasion of France. I am, &c.
Malmesbuet.
Both Count Walewski and I had received intelligence
that the whole of the Prussian army was to be mobilised
in consequence of the strong feeling in Germany against
France.

July 23rd. — Louis Napoleon is evidently alarmed at the
results which the peace may have for him, as he loses no
occasion for giving explanations ; but all he says appears to
me to make the matter worse. In his speech to the Diplo
matic Body he said Europe was so unjust to him that he
was compelled to conclude the peace to show his moderation
and his wish not to engage Europe in a general war. The
tone of this speech was considered so unsatisfactory that the
Funds fell directly.
August 5th. — Sir John Burgoyne, who had paid us a
visit at Heron Court to survey the site of Hengistbury Head
for military defences, left.
August llth. — Left London for Achnacarry. We tra
velled all the way by land.
September 1st.- — I went to the Forest of Gusach, killing
three good stags. I was obliged to help to carry them down
the hill, so that I did not get home till ten o'clock.
September 5th. — The Tuscans have offered the sovereignty
of Tuscany to Victor Emanuel, who declines giving a posi
tive answer, saying that he would willingly accept their

1859 CHINA. 207
offer, bnt must first consult European Powers, and hints at
a Congress. September Wth. — Accounts from China very sad, and, if
true, Mr. Bruce is to blame. It is reported in a private
letter published by the ' Tiuies ' that the Chinese authorities
sent word that the Peiho was blocked up, and no ships of
war would be allowed to go up to Pekin ; but that if they
went by another road farther north, they would be received.
Mr. Bruce determined to force the passage in spite of this
warning, and a disastrous defeat has been the result.
Admiral Hope never sent any reconnaissance, so that he
was ignorant of the erection of the batteries, which were
carefully masked. He then landed the crews of the gun
boats without knowing the nature of the ground. The men
floundered through a deep morass, their ammunition got
wet, they were unable to take scaling-ladders, and after a
hard struggle, under a heavy fire, found themselves close to
the walls of the battery without the means of defence or
attack; but not a man thought of retreating until orders
were sent from the rear, when they retired with great reluc
tance, carrying off all their wounded, among whom was
Admiral Hope himself.
September Wth. — Duke of Manchester's servants arrived,
bringing the news that the Duke and Duchess had reached
Tomadown, and, being unable to procure ponies, had started
on foot across the mountains. They had no guide and no
gillies, so we could not help fearing that they had either
lost their way or that the Duchess had knocked up and been
. unable to proceed, for they started at eleven and ought to
have arrived by five. I immediately sent off ponies, and Mr.

208 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINrSTEB. 1859
Bidwell went with them ; but returned saying he had gone
three miles along Glen Keich to a point where he could
see five miles along the road to Glengarry, and with the
exception of a stag, which he put up, there was not a
living creature visible. Upon this I despatched John Mac
donald, the stalker, though one might as well look for a
boat in the Atlantic as search for anybody in these wild
hills. We therefore remained very anxious until nine o'clock,
when we heard the door-bell ring. We all rushed into the
hall, and the Duke and Duchess were gladly welcomed by
the whole party. They had walked the whole way from
Tomadown, mistook the path, and found themselves over
looking Loch Lochy, eight miles from Achnacarry. They
descended Clunes with great difficulty and some danger,
and came along the shore of the lake, where there is a safe
road. It was a most imprudent expedition.
September 30th. — Lady Chesterfield and Lady Evelyn
Stanhope arrived. The former caught several salmo ferox
in Loch Arkaig.
October 6i/i.— Sir James Hudson arrived yesterday, and
to-day went out and killed an enormous stag in Gerraran,
not getting home until eleven at night. The wind was
contrary, and so strong that the men could not pull down the
lake against it, and were obliged to beach the boat in a
sheltered place, and walk eight miles along the shore. News
of Lord Jersey's death, on the 3rd, at above eighty,
October 10th. — Sir James Hudson went to Glen Kamach-
ray, intending to sleep at the shepherd's hut in order to be
on his ground early the following day.

1859 'THE ENCHANTED STAG.' 209
October llth. — Sir James returned for dinner, having
killed nothing, and gave a very amusing account of his night
at the bothy. He said there were seven men, five dogs,
three wotaen, and a cat in two small rooms, more like hen
coops than rooms, and only three beds for the whole party.
The maid-of-all-work asked him with whom he would like to
sleep, and he answered that if he couldn't sleep with her
he would prefer Macoll, the stalker. The latter, however,
replied, 'Methinks you had better sleep alone.' So Sir
James had a bed to himself, as far as I know.
October Wth. — Mr. Ogle, the photographer, arrived, and
made some excellent photographs of the beautiful scenery
here and of our party. The cold is intense, and we are
buried in snow.
October 20th. — A heavy snowstorm came on, lasting all
day. The mountains in all directions are covered with
snow. The newspapers announce that a treaty of peace has
been signed between France and Austria at Ziirich, but there
is to be a Congress, in which the five Great Powers join.
October 21st. — News of Lord Westmoreland's death ar
rived, I went to the Pine Forest and had it driven. The
twelve-pointer, alias 'the enchanted stag,' came out, and
stood staring at the beaters several minutes at not more than
ten paces, but I did not get a shot. The Highlanders are
more than ever convinced that the life of this enormous
beast is charmed. Saw a flock of wild swans going south —
a broad hint to me to do the same.
October 25th. — I beat the woods of Auchnasoul, and killed
VOL, 11. p

210 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
six woodcocks, twelve blackcocks, also the stag whose leg I
broke two days ago. This good day's sport and luck has
closed my connection with Achnacarry, which has lasted for
fifteen years of the prime of my life. I rowed home from
Moich with a heavy heart. Loch Arkaig was motionless, and
of the colour of obsidian. The sun, after a bright day, had
set behind a heavy mass of clouds, against which the moun
tains of Scaurnahat and Murligan looked ghastly in their
garments of snow, whilst the northern slopes and corries of
the Pine Forest retained every flake that had fallen. The
stags, as is usual in a hard frost, were roaring with re
doubled passion in the wilds of Gusach and Gerraran. The
herons were screaming as I disturbed them from their
shelter in the islands ; and then again the roaring of the
harts re-echoed through the forest. As I landed at the pier,
a freezing mist fell over the whole scene, and thus we parted.
Vale !
November 4th, Chillingham. — Lord. Wemyss told me to
day that Lord Elcho had seen a letter from Louis Napoleon
to M. de Flahault, saying that he still was attached to the
English alliance more than to any other, but that the feeling
in France was getting too strong for him to resist it.
November llth. — The dinner at the Mansion House on
the 9th was a very flat affair. Lord Palmerston and Lord
John Russell were both absent — the former at Windsor, the
latter ill. Sir G, C, Lewis made some sort of speech on
foreign affairs, the only important point being that England
had received no invitation to the Congress, None of the
foreign Ministers were present, except the Turkish Am
bassador, which probably Lord Palmerston knew would be
the case, and paid them in the same coin.

1859 BOMBARDMENT OF TETUAN. 211
November Wth. — My ex-private secretary, Bidwell, is gone
to Australia for his health.
We went to Windsor, where we were invited. The party
at the Castle consists of Prince and Princess Frederick Wil
liam of Prussia, Prince Hohenzollern, Mr. and Mrs. Sidney
Herbert, Countess Bliicher, the Duchess of Athole, Count
Perponcher, &c. Prince Albert told me that Balmoral was
the driest place in Great Britain. Only sixteen inches of
rain fell during the year, whilst in Glasgow they have an
average of sixty-two, and in London twenty-five.
November Wth. — Returned to London.
November 26th. — Lord Cowley called on me, and told me
that he distrusted the Emperor, and has urged the Govern
ment not to relax in their preparations, Louis Napoleon is
in very bad health, and though he has lost his energy he has
become restless, and it is impossible to know what he will do
next, November 27th. — I hear that neither Lord John Russell
nor Lord Clarendon wiU go to the Congress. It will be held
in Paris, and may last six months. The former could not
well go if he wished it.
December 2nd. — I returned from Buckenham, Mr. Baring's
place in Norfolk. Mrs. Baring is French, a daughter of the
Due de Bassano. Jem Macdonald was there in great spirits,
and, as usual, the soul of the party.
The reported bombardment of Tetuan is untrue. What
happened is this: a French line-of-battle ship approached
too near a small mud fort at the entrance of the river, and
p 2

212 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1859
was fired at by the fort, but it is doubtful whether the guns
were shotted. The captain did not return the fire, but joined
the French squadron for orders, and, returning the next day
with four ships of war, destroyed the fort — an outrage.
December 4th. — The Duke of Somerset called and told me
that Lord Palmerston was not going to the Congress, and
they had great difficulty in finding a proper person.
December 8th. — Lord Derby says he will not support Lord
Grey's amendment to the Address, but will vote for the loan
for the national defences, and for a 101. franchise for the
counties, and 81. for boroughs.

i860
January 1st. — The principal news is that Lord Palmer
ston has agreed to a 61. franchise, and has determined to
dissolve Parliament if beaten. It remains to be seen whether
the Queen will consent to this.
Persigny is in Paris, intriguing to get rid of Walewski,
and to try to prevent our party coming to office. He is com-
pletelj' managed by Lord Palmerston, and the two together
do all they can to persuade the Emperor that the Tories are
opposed to him. The person who gave me this information
said that if we came in again the Emperor means to ask for
me as Ambassador at Paris. I told him honestly I should
refuse.

18C0 'THE GREAT EASTERN.' 21:!
Lord Derby to Lord M.
Knowsley : January 15, I860.
My dear Malmesbury, — I return the well-known handwriting
enclosed in your letter of the IStli. The information there given
tallies with what I have received from other quarters, among others
from Madame de Flahault, whom I met at Bretby. The offer of a
commercial treaty was, however, coupled, though she did not tell
me so, with the proposal of an alliance, offensive and defensive, with
France, and a joint guarantee of the independence of Central Italy !
Cowley came here specially to urge the adoption of these two mea
sures ; but my latest intelligence is that they were debated in the
Cabinet on Tuesday last, strenuously urged by Palmerston and J.
Russell, who had confidently assured the Emperor of their success,
acquiesced in by Gladstone by the double inducement of his Italo-
mania and bis Free Trade policy, but, on discussion, rejected by a
majority of the Cabinet ! ' This, if true, and I am assured it is, is
very damaging to Palmerston, and will be both embarrassing and
irritating to the Emperor. It is added, and not improbably, that
the Court has had a good deal to do with the Cabinet decision.
Ever yours sincerely, Deebt.
January 22nd. — Captain Harrison, of the ' Great Eastern,'
was drowned yesterday morning at the entrance of the South
ampton Docks in crossing from Hythe in a gig with a lug-sail.
It was blowing a hurricane. The ' Great Eastern ' is a most
unlucky ship, and I remember saying, when I heard the
ridiculous way in which people boasted that such a ship had
never been built before, that we had at last overcome the
power of the waves, and no one would be sea-sick, that such
language was a defiance of fate. The event has proved it.
The first mishap was in launching her, when she stuck fast
^ This monstrous policy is confirmed in Mr. Ashley's Life of Palmerston.
If this is a true account, the Court showed its wisdom. What would have
been our position in 1870 if we had had an oflensive and defensive alliance
with France ?

214 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
and it took six weeks to. get her to move, and an additional
expenditure of 70,000L The disappointment and excite
ment killed Brunei, the celebrated engineer. When she
started on her trial trip, she nearly went ashore at Green
wich. On arriving at the Nore one of her boilers burst,
killing several men, and people became so distrustful about
her that she could get no passengers, and was laid up for
the winter at Southampton. Now she has reached the
climax of misfortune by the death of Captain Harrison, a
very clever seaman and gentlemanlike man.
January 24i/i.— Lord Grey means to propose an amend
ment to the Address about the Chinese war. We shall not
vote with him, but intend to express our opinion of Mr.
Bruce's conduct in that country. Disraeli is against the
loan for the national defences. If he opposes it in Parliament
he is done for, both with his party and the country. There
is a very strong feeling in favour of it. There is a hitch in
the commercial treaty, and the ' Times ' is writing against it.
January 25th. — The Queen opened Parliament yesterday
— the longest Speech ever known, and abominably written.
Debate dull and flat. Lord Derby praised the volunteers.
Lord Canning, Admiral Hope, and the seamen who fought
so gallantly in the unfortunate attack on the Peiho ; but he
reserved his opinion upon Mr, Bruce and upon other sub
jects mentioned in the Speech, one of which was the com
mercial treaty.
February 3rd, Heron Court. — Lord and Lady Somerton,
Mr, and Lady Rose Lovell, and Lord Seymour arrived ; also
Mr. A. Lane and Major Nevil. The latter is the second son

1860 AUSTRIAN GENERALS. 215
of Lady Georgina Nevil, Lord Lucan's sister. He is in the
Austrian army, and was aide-de-camp to the Commander-in-
Chief in the late war, Gyulai. He said that nothing could
be worse than the Austrian generals, and that Gyulai him
self had been named to the command by the influence of the
Jesuits, whom he toadied. Hess^ very old and worn out ;
Benedek good, but in a subordinate position. We passed ^
very merry evening. Lord M. to Lord Derby.
Heron Court : February 6, ISfiO.
My dear Derby, — I am much obliged to you for your note, and I
will come up on Tuesday. I was going to London on Wednesday
for a meeting which Colville has called on the subject of our party
press. My impression was that we would take no part in what is
going on abroad, and that any connection with Normanby and his
moves would rather bring down odium (not to say ridicule) on our
party. All he does is in a strong Codino spirit, in which neither
you nor I have any sympathy, and our traducers wish for nothing
more than to identify us with that bigoted and unpopular set. As to
our coming into ofl&ce, I confess I have the strongest repugnance to
do so upon our former basis, twice tried, and twice with the same
result — namely, ten or twelve months of sufferance, then a beating,
then a dissolution, and then an ejection. Personally, none of us
can desire to play so disagreeable a role once more with the same
play and the same parts, and still less can we wish it for the good
of the country. It is, therefore, with great satisfaction I hear you
say that we must help to keep these cripples on their legs.
Ever yours sincerely, Malmesbuet.
February 7th. — Lord Derby has written to me to come to
London for Lord Normanby's motion about Savoy and Nice.
February 8th. — The debate was good. Lord Derby speak
ing beautifully. Lord Normanby withdrew his motion, but

216 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
it gave the House an opportunity to show their feeling on
the question of the annexation of Savoy and Nice to France,
and it was evident that the great majority, if not the whole
House, was against France. There is a great outcry against
the treaty, which, I believe, was signed by France and Sar
dinia for the cession of Savoy on January 18, 1859, and
that Marshal Niel signed it for France.
Lord Clarendon to Lord M.
Grosvenor Crescent : February 8, 1860.
My dear Malmesbury, — I think you ought to see the enclosed,
which I received this morning. The commercial treaty is, in my
opinion, thoroughly unsound, and a great mistake ; but I am sure
that rejecting it, making an enemy of the Emperor by delighting
his foes and displeasing his friends in France, would be a far
greater mistake for all concerned in it. Pray return the letter.
Ever yours sincerely, Claeendon.
February 9th. — Persigny is furious at the debate on Savoy
in the House of Lords, and I suppose he will be more so if he
knows that the petition from Chamb6ry, addressed to the
English people against the annexation, was sent to the news
papers by Lord Derby, to whom it had been addressed by
the petitioners.
February Wth. — I went down with Lord Derby to Heron
Court after the Levee. We hastened home and caught the
three o'clock train after changing our dress — quick work!
Lord Derby was in great spirits about his last fleeting, which
was fully attended, and he seems ready to come in again.
Lord John Russell to Lord M.
Chesham Place : February 15, 1860.
My dear Lord, — I see in the ' Times ' and ' Daily News ' of this
morning that you are represented to have said that I had stated in

1860 THE MOUTH OF THE PEIIIO. 217
the House of Commons that Mr. Bruce, in forcing the passage of tho
Peiho, had acted exactly according to his instructions. It is always
dangerous to rely on reports of what passes in another House of
Parliament, and perhaps you never made the remarks I have men-
tioned. With regard to myself, however, it is due to you to state
what I did say.
I said that Mr. Bruce by his instructions was ordered to go to
the month of the Peiho with a suSioient force, and I read to th e
House of Commons the words of your instructions. But I said the
case of resistance by force to bis proceeding up the river in a
friendly manner was not contemplated by those instructions, though
I did not blame you for the omission. I said that consequently Mr.
Bruce found himself with a considerable naval force at the mouth
of the Peiho, in face of probable resistance, without instructions.
That no case could be more embarrassing, for, if he returned, he
would be blamed for retreating before a force which in the past year
had been easily overcome, and if he advanced he ran the risk of tho
defeat and repulse he had actually experienced.
That no situation could be more embarrassing, nor could anyon e
pretend to say what Mr. Bruce should have done, having no
instructions for such a case.
I think I did justice both to your Lordship and to Mr. Bruce. I
am sure I meant to do so. — Tours, &o. J. Russell.

February Wth. — Gloomy day, with a high gale. We went
out and shot over the rivers, killing sixty head of wild-fowl.
Sidney Herbert seems determined to abolish the place of
Commander-in-Chief, and to put the army under the House
of Commons. If so, the Queen has every right to be indig
nant at this interference with the rights of the Crown.
Nothing will dissuade him from the plan.
February 21st. — The Government had a majority of 63
on Mr. Disraeli's amendment to discuss the treaty before
the Budget. Lord Palmerston lost his temper and made a
most angry speech.

218 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTEH. 1860
February 29 th. — The Government will carry their Budget,
Lord John has declared what we all along suspected, though
Lord Palmerston never would give a straightforward answer-
namely, that though Parliament may alter any article of the
Budget or treaty, yet that any alteration may cancel the
whole, as the Emperor, of course, will not be bound by them.
It is cleverly managed, but in a very underhand way,
March 4th,— Jt is now certain that the Emperor means to
annex Savoy and Nice without the sanction of the other
Great Powers, He now says that he merely meant that he
would explain to them his reasons for doing so, but he evi
dently intends to listen to no objections. The subject was
alluded to in the House of Commons, and Sir Robert Peel
spoke against the annexation, upon which Bright got up and
made the most un-English speech ever heard in Parliament,
He was answered in an eloquent and spirited one by Lord
John Manners, Mr, Kinglake has given notice that he will
move an Address to the Queen condemning the annexation.
Lord Derby to Lord M.
St. James's Square : March 5, ISIiO.
My dear Malmesbury, — I have received your precis books,
which with the other volumes I will keep safely till I have an
opportunity of returning them to you here. I do not think we
shall do any good by moving for the papers of 1852, but we shall
be quite justified in stating, if necessary, the positive assurances
which we had from Louis Napoleon previous to our recognition,
not of the Empire, but of the numeral. He does not, however,
deny these assurances, but rests his demand of Savoy on the rtjad-
justment which is taking place of the territorial limits of Northern
Italy. The plea is futile enough; but it relieves him from the
necessity of denying his former engagements, while it leaves him
free, in his own mind, to dispense with them. There is likely to be
a very interesting discussion in the Commons to-night on the

1860 THE ADDRESS. 219
Address ; and from what I hear I think it is likely that Savoy may
again be brought on the tapis by Sir Robert Peel, and possibly a
motion made by some outsider, if not by him, for tho addition of
words condemnatory of the proposed annexation. There may, how
ever, be a preliminary discussion as to the effect which the adoption
or rejection of the Address would have on the treaty, of which a
word by-and-by. Meanwhile Palmerston is unwell, threatened
with an attack of gout ; John Russell very much out of humour,
and on very bad terms with the Emperor, who complains that he
has not been properly defended by the Government, the trnth being,
as I believe, that J. Russell and Palmerston are on different
tacks — the first opposed to the projects of France, and fancying
that he is supporting the cause of Liberal Sardinia ; the second
hampered by private engagements contracted with the Emperor
before his accession to office, which he is afraid either to repudiate
or avow. I saw Lord Chelmsford yesterday, and had a long conver
sation with him on the subject of Grey's suggestions. I agree
with you that we ought not to attempt by a vote of the House
of Lords to set aside the French treaty, objectionable as I think
it ; and our course will require careful consideration, after the
elucidation which we shall receive from to-night's debate in the
Commons. Lord Chelmsford remains firm in the opinion, which
is shared by Cairns and Kelly, that although the passing of the
Customs Acts by Parliament may be held to be such an assent as
the treaty requires to the commercial articles, the eleventh article,
that on coal, cannot be sanctioned but by an Act of Parliament.
The Queen, under an Act of Parliament, has the power of prohibit
ing the export of certain articles, or rather of articles which she may
deem to come under certain conditions ; and she has no power to
divest herself of that which Parliament has given her for the
security of the country by any contract with a foreign Power, except
under the same authority of an Act of Parliament. If this be so,
the Address is an unmeaning form, unnecessary for the commercial
object, valueless for the political ; and it may be adopted or rejected
without in the least degree affecting the treaty. If the Govern
ment contend successfully that the Address is such a signification of
the Parliamentary assent as is required by the treaty, and is neces
sary as a supplement to commercial legislation, I should pause
before I took the responsibility of attempting to reject it ; and in

220 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
that case I would wish to carry my opposition no farther than
would enable me to record a protest, if the forms of the House will
allow me, against the Address, that is, against the terms of the
treaty. But my final decision must be influenced by what may
take place to-night in the Commons. In any case, we ought to
have one good debate in our House, embracing the treaty, the
Budget, and Savoy. They ought not to be frittered away in sepa
rate discussions. This may come on, if the Commons pass the Ad
dress to-night, as early as Thursday or Friday. I am not disposed
to fight for delay, as I do not want a division. — Tours sincerely, Deebt.
March 8th. — The papers give Cavour's answers to the
Emperor's proposals, which were to annex Parma and Modena
to Sardinia, to govern Romagna under the Pope, and to leave
Tuscany an independent State ; and in case of a refusal of
these propositions, he threatens to withdraw his army, and
leave the King of Sardinia and the Italians to fight their
own battles as well as they can. Cavour has refused — a bold,
not to say a most rash and imprudent step ; but with him it
is tout ou rien — per fas aut nefas.
Mr. Kinglahe to Lord M.
12 St. James's Place: March 9, 1860.
Dear Lord Malmesbury, — I never made any communication to
your Lordship personally, but I conveyed the intelligence privately
to Mr. Seymour Fitzgerald, who then represented the Foreign OflBce
in the House of Commons.
What passed was as follows : About this time last year I
received a communication from Turin disclosing the scheme for the
annexation to France of Savoy and Nice, and it came to me from
such a quarter that I could not doubt its truth. In the then state of
Europe I did not think it prudent to state the intelligence publicly
in the House, but I thought the knowledge of it might be useful to
Her Majesty's Government. Lord Palmerston agreed with me that
it would be right to communicate it to the Government, but he
suggested that the best way to do this would be by speaking to
Seymour Fitzgerald. I accordingly told Seymour Fitzgerald that I

1860 'FACTE DE FAMILLE.' 221
wished to speak to him, and after indicating the grounds on which
I believed my information to be accurate, I read to him twice over
the words of which the enclosed paper is a copy. He seemed to bo
impressed and much interested. I begged him to remember that
the paper signed by the Emperor was a 'pacte de famille,' and not
a ' treaty.' This took place in the month of March of last year as
well as I can recollect.
I trust that this statement will convey to your Lordship, with
sufiBcient clearness, the information you desired to receive.
Tours, &c. A. W. Kinglake.
[Enclosuee. — ' On the evening before the marriage with the
Princess Clothilde, a paper was signed by the Emperor of the
French which was called a " Pacte de famille " (not a treaty or con
vention), promising aid, offensive and defensive, to Sardinia, the
Kang on his side promising Savoy and Nice in return for whatever
possessions he may gain in Lombardy. The paper was signed by
Walewski.'] March Wth. — Went to the House of Lords for the debate
on the Address for the treaty. The debate was a very fine
one. The Address was seconded by Lord Cork. Lord Grey
then made a fiue speech, objecting to it. Lord Wodehouse
answered him, and then I was followed by Lord de Grey.'
Lord Overstone spoke against the treaty. Lord Grey per
sisted in dividing the House, though Lord Derby asked him
to abstain from doing so. The division took place, and the
Government had a majority of 30.
March 17i/i.^Naples is in a dreadful state. The tyranny
of the present King far exceeds that of his father, and the
exasperation is so great that a revolution may take place at
any moment. But events in the North of Italy have much
to say to these feelings, and naturally encourage the Neapo
litans to imitate them.
Lord John last night in the House of Commons an-
' Now Marquis of Ripon and Viceroy of India.

222 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
nounced that he had read a very important despatch written
by M. de Thouvenel to Persigny relating to Savoy, that he
had not yet laid it before the Cabinet, but when he had
done so, and was in a position to answer it, he would lose
no time in laying the despatch on the table of the House.
This statement produced an extraordinary sensation amongst
the occupants of the Treasury Bench, for it is contrary to
all rule that the Foreign Minister should announce to either
House the receipt of a despatch before his colleagues have
seen it.
March Wth. — The Municipality of Nice has protested
against the annexation, and sent a deputation to Turin to
lay their petition before the King, asking to form an inde
pendent State if it should be necessary to separate them from
Sardinia. March 23rd. — Lady Derby and Lady Edward Thynne
called, and both said that there has been a secret corre
spondence between the Emperor and Lord Palmerston,
and it was said in the House of Commons the night that
Lord John Russell mentioned M. de Thouvenel's despatch,
adding that he had not yet shown it to his colleagues,
that he had discovered Lord Palmerston's correspondence,
and was so angry that he did this out of revenge. The
Emperor seems to have betrayed Palmerston's confidence,
for all Paris is talking of these letters, and expressing their
astonishment at such a transaction. Louis Napoleon has
evidently done this to revenge himself for the Government's
not being as subservient about the Savoy business as he ex
pected ; and it is easy to understand now why the Ministers
were so eager to please him about the treaty, in hopes, pro
bably, that he would overlook their remonstrances on the

1860 SECRET CORRESPONDENCE. 223
annexation of Savoy, which the tone of the Houses of Par
liament obliged them to make. It is evident from their
desperate attempts to silence all discussion that they wore
very anxious not to interfere with the Emperor's projects.
The annexation of Savoy, together with the neutral States of
Chablais and Faueigny, which is now a fait accompli, has
shaken the confidence of the people in the Government.
There is a bon mot of the Princess Clothilde on this subject
which is worth recording. Alluding to the transfer of Savoy
to France and her own unwelcome marriage, she said :
' Quand on a vendu I'enfant, on peut bien vendre le berceau.'
March 26th. — Lord John Russell made a violent speech
against Louis Napoleon last night in the House of Commons,
and said that England must not sacrifice the alliances of the
rest of Europe for the sake of France. I hear that Persigny
was in the House and was in a dreadful state, exclaiming :
' Quel langage ! Faut-il entendre de pareilles choses
centre mon maitre ? C'est a ne pas y tenir ! ' Lady Palmer
ston told Lady Tankerville that they are dreadfully afraid of
Louis Napoleon — that she believed he had promised to allow
Russia to take Constantinople, had promised Saxony to
Prussia, and meant to take Belgium for himself; but this is
not credible.
Hon. E. A. J. Harris to Lord M. {on the annexation of Savoy).
Berne : March 26, 1860.
Dear Malmesbury, — ... I wrote to you on
October 15, 1858, oflB.cially the first intimation of this business
which I received from the Swiss President, sending it under fiying
seal to Lord Cowley, and calling his attention to it in a separate
despatch. The rumour was not believed at the time. I again
wrote to you of&cially on the subject May 7, 1869. Neither of
these has been comprised in the published despatches.

224 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
I do not believe in the signed ' Pacte de famille.' I think there
was a verbal understanding between Louis Napoleon and Cavour in
the autumn of 1858 at Biarritz. This verbal understanding was
repeated between Cavour and Walewski in January 1859, but they
kept clear of written agreements in order to be able to say, ' There
has been no treaty, agreement, &c., to cede, &c., &c.' But it was a
compact between the giant and the' dwarf in the fable from which
the results followed which might have been anticipated.
Ever your affectionate brother, E. A. J. Haeeis.
March 30 th.— 1 dined at the Palace yesterday. The
Prince told me that Louis Napoleon had given them hopes
that he would not annex Chablais and Faueigny, but that
the Queen had received the news that the Emperor had sent
for Lord Cowley, and had told him that he regretted very
much being unable to keep his promise, but that Benedetti
had made a mistake in drawing up the treaty, and it could
not now be altered. I observed that it was of course easy to
judge of events after they had occurred, but I could not
understand why, when the Government became aware of the
Emperor's intention to annex Savoy, they did not immedi
ately apply to the Great Powers to join in a protest with
England against the annexation. His Royal Highness
answered, ' Of course they ought to have done so.'
March 31st. — Lord Grey brought on the question of
China, and I was obliged to speak, as Lord Derby is at
Knowsley. April 2nd. — At the Duchess of Somerset's party Lord
Palmerston came up to me when I was talking to Lord
Wodehouse, and shook hands in a very friendly manner,
saying : 'Are you two settling the affairs of Europe?' and

1860 Ml;. winrwoRTn's patriotism. 226
continued talking. Whilst the conversation was going on,
Persigny passed and hardly bowed to Lord Palmerston. lie
afterwards came to me and abused the Government and
Lord John for his speech on the 26th ; adding, what was
perfectly true, that his threat of making other alliances was
most imprudent, and, of course, would oblige the Emperor
to do the same. He concluded, 'Et c'est deja fait.'
There is a report that the Persignys are to return to
Paris. He had a serious quarrel with Lady Palmerston at
Countess Apponyi's a few days ago, lost his temper and all
control, abusing her and Lord Palmerston in an audible
voice. He was obliged afterwards to make an apology, but
after such a scene he will probably be replaced.
M. de la Rive has arrived from Switzerland. He says
that they are in a state of great alarm for their indep(indence,
as Louis Napoleon is now intriguing with the Catholic party
at Geneva to get them to ask to be annexed to France, and
if half a dozen rascals can be found to do it, he will call that
the ' voice of the people,' and seize Geneva at once. The
part of the Channel fleet which was at Lisbon was tele
graphed for after Lord John Russell's speech.
April 14th. — It rained, snowed, and hailed at intervals
all through the day, with north-east wind and fog. This
sort of weather has now lasted six months.
April Wth. — It is said that the Emperor has offered Mr,
Whitworth 10,000L a year for life if he will come to France
and manufacture his newly-invented cannon for him ex
clusively, and Mr. Whitworth has had the patriotism to
refuse. VOL. 11. Q

226 memoirs of an ex-mintster. iseo
April Wth. — A debate in the House of Lords on the
Reform Bill, on Lord Grey's motion for a Committee.
Madame Bernstorff told me that Persigny said to her
before he went to Paris, ' Je vous jure, par tout ce qu'il y a
de plus sacre, par la tSte de mes enfants (et vous savez
comme j'aime mes enfants), que I'Empereur n'a pas de vues
ambitieuses. II ne desire et ne veut rien, et il ne prendrait
rien si on le lui offrait.' M. d'Azeglio told Lady Malmesbury
that he believed the report of the Emperor being in bad
health. D'Azeglio also said Persigny had made him a
terrible scene, accusing him ' de faire la propagande ' in
England against the annexation of Savoy. He added that
it was an unjust accusation, as he had known for a long
time that Cavour intended to give up Savoy to France.
This last assertion is certainly true, as he always held it out
as a bait to Louis Napoleon, though he pretended to be
furious when the event happened.
May 3rd.— At the fancy ball at the H6tel d'Albe, the
Princess Mathilde was, I hear, dressed as an Indian, and
had had her skin dyed brown. Her dress was of the scantiest,
very decolletee, her arms bare up to the shoulders, with a
narrow band by way of sleeve, fastened with a brooch. The
body was slit under the arm to the waist, showing the skin.
The drapery behind was transparent, which she was probably
not aware of, as she had not dyed her skin in that particular
place, and the effect was awful.
May 7th. — The Government are on very bad terms with
France. The Emperor told Lord Cowley that he could no
longer curb his people if England did not change her line of
policy. This accounts for the gloomy looks of the Govern-

1860 DEP..VTE ON PAPEK DUTY. 227
ment in tlie House of Lord?, and their request to postpone
the discussion on Savoy, which was to have taken place
to-day. May 9th. — Concert at the Palace, where tho heat was so
great that several ladies fainted, as did Mr. Dallas, the
American Minister. Sidney Herbert was very cordial to me,
which I am glad of.
3Iay 13th. — I hear that all sorts of stories are going
about in consequence of my having been seen talking to
Lady Palmerston at her party yesterday — ' a coalition, &c.'
But no one knows the real truth, which is, that I was
deputed by Lord Derby and Disraeli to tell her that we
meant to throw out the Duty on Paper Bill (for which she
thanked us), and, further, to say that if Mackinnon's motion
for postponing the Reform Bill until after the census of 1861
passed, and if Lord John and other members of the Govern
ment (meaning Gladstone and Milner Gibson) went out in
consequence, and joined the Radicals against the Govern
ment, we would engage ourselves to support Lord Palmerston
against them for this session. Lady Palmerston expressed
herself as being very grateful for the offer, but said she did
not think Lord John would go out if beaten.
May Wth. — Garibaldi has landed in Sicily, and it is said
that some English ships prevented the Neapolitan ships
from firing upon him.
May 2lst. — I went to the debate in the House of Lords
on the Paper Duty. I never saw any place so crowded as
the Peers' benches, the ladies' gallery and the steps of the
q2

228 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
throne, while the bar and the strangers' gallery were
crammed. Lord Lyndhurst opened the debate, showing a clearness
of intellect and a memory which seemed hardly possible at his
age ; his language forcible and eloquent, great information,
no repetitions, altogether a most miraculous effort for a man
of eighty-eight. It was his birthday, and he left a party of
his children and grandchildren (who had assembled at his
house to celebrate the occasion) in order to come and render
this service, perhaps the last, to his country. Lord Mont-
eagle then proposed his amendment, which was the rejection
of the bill, and Lord Derby closed the debate by a splendid
speech. The bill was thrown out by a majority of 89,
June 1st. — Garibaldi has stormed Palermo, so Sicily is now
free, and, it is thought, will pronounce for annexation to
Sardinia, The Government are in convulsions. Lord John threatens
to resign if the Reform Bill is not proceeded with, and
Gladstone makes the same threat unless the Government
propose a resolution to censure the House of Lords for
rejecting their bill to repeal the paper duty, and that reso
lution is sanctioned by the Commons, In this critical
state of public affairs. Lord Derby had desired me to go to
Lady Palmerston and assure her of the support of our whole
party against the Radicals, and to give a positive promise
that we will not coalesce with them in or out of office.
Disraeli is equally determined on this point.
June 2nd. — I had a satisfactory interview with Lord and
Lady Palmerston yesterday. They are as anxious as we are
to get rid of the Reform Bill, but do not exactly see their

1860 A 'COUP MANQUii' 229
way. It is evident he does not wish to lose Lord John,
though he would bo very ghid if Gladstone resigned.
Rumours of Lord John's and Gladstone's resignation
continue. Some of the Whigs signed the round-robin
blaming the former for his foreign policy, and asking him
to resign. His only remark was ' Blackguards ! '
June 8th. — The adjourned debate upon Mr. Mackinnon's
amendment to postpone the Reform Bill until after the
census of 1861 came on yesterday. Sir James Fergusson
rose to move that it be adjourned until the Scotch and Irish
bills were introduced, but he was beaten by a majority of 21.
The Government, except Lord John and Mr. Gladstone,
are as much against the measure as we are.
June Wth. — The Emperor Napoleon went to Baden-
Baden, to have a conference with the Prince Regent of
Prussia, probably in the hope of making some arrangement
about the Rhenish provinces, by promising some aggrandise
ment in another direction — perhaps Saxony ; or to get him
on his side, and by this means destroy the German League,
which may interfere with his ambitious projects. But the
Prince was on his guard, and invited all the German
sovereigns and reigning princes to Baden to meet the
Emperor. They all came, even the blind King of Han
over; no doubt to the disappointment of Louis Napoleon,
who hoped to have a tete-a-tete with the Prince of Prussia.'
He, however, seems to have put a good face upon the matter
and stayed from the 15th to the 17th, when he returned to
Paris. All diplomatists consider it a coup manque.
Garibaldi has taken Palermo by assault. The King's
troops were, however, allowed to return to Naples, It is
^ Now Emperor of Germany, 1884.

230 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
said that the King, by the advice of Louis Napoleon, means
to give a constitution to his subjects, but they place no
dependence upon him, and it will not save him,
June Wth. — The Bill for the Abolition of Church Rates
is rejected by the House of Lords by a majority of 97 on
the second reading.
June 23rd. — The Queen reviewed the Volunteers in Hyde
Park. I went to Disraeli's house at Grosvenor Gate to see
the sight, which was very fine. The enthusiasm of the men
and spectators exceeded all description. There were 20,000
Volunteers, all active young men between eighteen and
thirty. They went through their evolutions with the
greatest steadiness and precision, and at the final advance
in line, when they halted within a short distance of the
Queen, and the bands had ceased playing ' God save the
Queen,' they raised a cheer which might have been heard
for miles. This was taken up by the spectators, and the
scene was so exciting that the Queen was quite overcome,
and I saw many people the same. It was enough to make
an Englishman proud of his country to see this wonderful
demonstration of patriotism and loyalty, and, as Lord Derby
truly said in his speech the same evening at Merchant
Taylors' Hall : ' If the bare possibility of an insult to England
could in six months raise a force of 130,000 Volunteers,
there is no doubt that, were the danger imminent, we should
have three times that number.'
July 6th. — Lord Palmerston has made a very good speech
on the resolution he jiroposes with respect to the Lords'
rejection of the Paper Bill. Lord Derby said ' it was the

1860 MR. GLADSTONE A NEGRO MELODIST. 2;!1
best tight-rope dancing he ever saw.' It was, anyhow, a
judicious act to prevent a collision between the two Houses.
July 8th. — Gladstone has not resigned, to the surprise of
everybody, for it was generally thought that he must do so
after his violent speech against Lord Palmerston.
July 22nd. — Lord Elphinstone is dead. He returned very
ill from India, having had the Bombay fever. He acted
with great courage and ability during the mutiny. I was at
Eton with him, and he afterwards entered the Life Guards.
July 24th. — Lord Palmerston made a very plucky speech
last night in bringing in a bill to provide for the defences of
the country. The French will be furious, for he said openly
that France was the only nation against which we had to
defend ourselves. And he did not conceal the fact that all
our preparations were against the French. Many consider
his speech imprudent, but that kind of imprudence is often
the best policy.
Gladstone, who was always fond of music, is now quite
enthusiastic about negro melodies, singing them with the
greatest spirit and enjoyment, never leaving out a verse, and
evidently preferring such as ' Camp Down Races.'
August 1st. — Lord Clanwilliam came to breakfast. The
' Times ' publishes a letter from Louis Napoleon to Persigny,
professing great friendship for England, and a desire for
peace with the whole world. I attribute this letter to his
fear of the Volunteer movement, and his wish to stop our
fortification, shipbuilding, &c.
August 3rd. — Lord Palmerston's resolutions respecting

232 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
the loan to be raised for fortifying the dockyards were
discussed in Committee. Mr. Lindsay proposed an amend
ment, ' That, as the main defence of Great Brita.in against
aggression depends on an efficient navy, it is not now ex
pedient to enter into a large expenditure -on permanent
fortifications.' This, after a long debate, was negatived by
268 to 39, and the resolution passed.
August 7th. — The Government had a majority of 33 on
the Paper Duty Bill last night.
August 8th. — We got a letter from Lady Derby, announc
ing her daughter's marriage with Colonel Talbot.
August 21st, Heron Court. — Went to Christchurch to see
my Volunteers reviewed by Colonel Luard, who appeared
satisfied with them. Lord Derby to Lord M.
Taymoutb Castle : August 29, 1859.
My dear Malmesbury, — The Liverpool Conservatives have got
up an address to me, which I understand is most numerously
signed, expressive of entire approval of the course of our Govern
ment, and of their ' increased confidence,' Ac, and they are very
desirous that the presentation of the Address should be followed
by a dinner (or, as they call it, a banquet), to celebrate at the
same time the Conservative triumph in South Lancashire. They
are particularly anxious for your presence and Disraeli's, and if you
could manage it I think it would both please them and do good.
I have told them that you are in Scotland, and that I thought you
would not return until the latter end of October. They wish me to
fix a day, with j'our concurrence, between Saturday, the 13th, and
Thursday, the 25th, and before I write to them or to D. I should
be glad to know whether this will suit you. The later you can come.

1860 G.VRIBALDI liNTl'^RS NAPLES. 2.j3
wilhiu these limits, fclic better probably it would suit your Scotch
plans. Ever yours sincerely, Deebt.
September 6th. — Lady Adela Ibbotsoii died last Tuesday.
Lady Jersey has now lost all her children. Lady Adela was
her last daughter, and though for many years they saw very
little of her, as they did not forgive her marriage, yet since
Lady Clementina's death Lady Jersey seems to have become
fond of her, and the blow will therefore be much heavier now
than if it had fallen a few years ago. I went to see her, and
she expresses herself as resigned to the will of God.
Septemhcr 7th. — I went to Weymouth, where my yacht is
to meet me.
Garibaldi entered Naples, accompanied only by his staff ;
the town is perfectly quiet, as all parties unite on the
same side, and therefore there is no inducement to make
a disturbance. All the forts have surrendered. Gari
baldi and the English Admiral have exchanged visits. The
former has given up the Neapolitan fleet to the Sardinian
Admiral. The Sardinian troops have disembarked by order
of the Dictator, as he is called. The whole army will arrive
in Naples, and comprises 80,000 men, including the in
surgent bands. The Sardinians have invaded the Papal
States without any declaration of war. They have taken
Pesaro, where they have made 1,200 Germans prisoners, also
Fano and Urbino. General Lamoriciere has concentrated
his troops, amounting to 8,000 men, in Aucona, in defence
of the Pope, and where it is said he will be attacked by
45,000 Sardinians.
September Wth. — In consequence of this violent act of

234 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. I860
invading Romagna, Louis Napoleon has recalled his Minister
from Turin, leaving a charge d'affaires. Is this a sham, in
tended to make the Courts of Europe believe that he dis
approves of the invasion of the Roman States ? There can
be little doubt of it, as he had an interview with Cavour at
Chambery, and with General Cialdini at Nice, and that the
whole of this violent proceeding was arranged with him,
for the invasion took place directly after. This is too trans
parent to take anyone in, and will only confirm the distrust
which of late years everything he says and does inspires.
September ISth. — I went out shooting, and could only kill
three brace of partridges with great difficulty ; they are so
rare this year all over England that they fetch twelve shillings
a brace in London.
September 21st. — The newspapers announce that a battle
has been fought between Cialdini and Lamoriciere,' in which
the latter was completely defeated, as Lamoriciere's whole
army capitulated, and he, accompanied by a few horsemen,
escaped through the mountains, and threw himself into
Aucona. Great agitation reigns at Turin. Some suspicion
is beginning to be felt respecting Garibaldi's intentions. His
naming Saffi, an ultra- Radical, to be pro-Dictator of Sicily,
and the arrival of Mazzini at Naples, coupled with Garibaldi's
declaration that he will only proclaim the annexation of
Naples to Sardinia from the top of the Quirinal, rather looks
as if he would prefer being the head of an independent
Republic to abdicating his authority in favour of Victor
Emanuel. September 24th. — News from Italy bad. Everything seems
' Lamoriciere was one of the best Algerian generals.

1860 CASTEL FIDARDO. 235
to be in confusion. Complete anarchy in Sicily. Great dis
cord at Naples; the roads infested with banditti, and no
security for life. The King remains at Gaeta, and has a
large army still faithful to him. The Sardinians have laid
siege to Aucona by sea and land.
September 2Sth. — I have decided on buying Lord Wemyss's
house in Stratford Place.
Garibaldi has been defeated at Capua by the King's
troops. He has appointed Dumas, the novelist. Keeper of
the Museum at Naples, and this has given immense dis
satisfaction. September 29th. — News from Italy is unfavourable for
Garibaldi, for it now would appear that his successes did not
proceed from his generalship, but from his meeting with no
opposition; as at Capua, when he and his best generals
attacked the King of Naples' army, they were out-manoeuvred
and ran away. Whole regiments ran without firing a shot,
but from the bare report that cavalry was coming to attack
them, not even waiting to see if it were the case. It was a
regular panic.
October 1st.- — Letters from Aucona give a different account
of the battle of Castel Fidardo from that published at Turin.
It began at ten a.m. on September 18 ; the Papal troops
had made a forced march of sixty leagues in six days; the
Sardinian army blocked the road to Ancona, and occupied
with artillery the heights commanding it. Lamoriciere's
army fought gallantly against overwhelming odds; 8,000
against 35,000. Numbers were cut down by grape-shot, and
the Piedmontese thought they could easily capture the
remainder, when Lamoriciere commanded a charge with the
bayonet, and succeeded in cutting through the compact mass

236 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
of the Sardinian a.rmy, entering Ancona with, it is said,
1,500 men. The Papal army capitulated, with General Fanti,
on September 29, and Lamoriciere and his whole garrison
are prisoners.
October 21st. — Victor Emanuel has entered the Neapolitan
States, though the King of Naples is still at Gaeta.
October 24th. — The sovereigns of Russia and Austria, the
Prince Regent of Prussia, and some minor German princes,
met at Warsaw on the 20th. The reconciliation between
the two Emperors is said to be complete. Louis Napoleon
wanted very much to attend the conference, but could not
get an invitation.
November 1st. — We were invited to Windsor ; the party
consists of Lord and Lady de Grey, Sir George and Lady
Theresa Lewis. I sat by the Queen, and Lady M. by
the Prince, at dinner. They are anxious that the Austrians
should not go to war with Piedmont. Her Majesty was very
anxious about Lord Derby, and made many inquiries about
his health. The Holsteins dined at the Castle, After
dinner the Prince came up to Lady de Grey and Lady
Malmesbury, and amused them immensely by giving an
account of some ridiculous incidents that occurred at Levees,
On one occasion a clergyman was to be presented. He, as
the Prince said, ' overshot his mark,' and passed the Queen
without the slightest notice. Lord De la Warr was very
much put out, and began making signs to him to return.
He stopped and stared at Lord De la Warr, imitating his
gestures as exactly as he could, but nothing could induce
him to return. Everybody was convulsed with laughter, for
no etiquette could prevail against such a ridiculous scene,

1860 CONTRADICTORY DESPATCHES. 237
November 5th. — -I hear from the best authority that Lord
John Russell wrote his last despatch to Mr, Hudson, dated
October 27, 1860, without showing it to any of his colleagues,
and that they are all indignant about it. The despatch
in question is an unjustifiable one, approving of Victor
Emanuel's invasion of the Roman States and Naples,'
Lord John's first despatch, which was published, it is sup
posed, by order of Cavour, lost him his popularity with the
Radicals, who were furious at his admitting the right of the
Austrians to Venetia, He then wrote this, which is a direct
recantation of the former one. The ' Times ' of this morn
ing attacks him violently for both despatches. Madame
de Flahault told me that she heard it was Lord Palmerston
who wrote the last despatch to Hudson, but I don't believe
it, especially as she said she saw Lady John a short time
ago, and she was much annoyed at the abuse in the ' Times '
of Lord John's first despatch. She possibly made him
write the last to try and set himself right with the
public; but all he has got is a still more severe article in
the 'Times.'
Capua was bombarded on November 1, and capitulated
on the 2nd.
November 10th. — When Brunnow read Lord John Russell's
despatch of the 27th to Hudson, he observed, ' Ce n'est pas
de la diplomatic, c'est de la polissonnerie.' It did not
produce this effect upon Cavour, who, when Hudson read it
to him, nearly fainted from joy. On the 8th, Garibaldi,
accompanied by the Ministry, formally presented to the
' Sir J. Hudson told me that Lord John verbally encouraged the King
to invade Naples, by asking his A.D.O. at Richmond whether he, the King,
was not afraid. This was quite enough to send Victor Emanuel anywhere.

238 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
King the result of the plebiscite in the Throne-room. The
Minister, Signer Conforto, spoke as follows : ' Sire, the
Neapolitan people assembled in their Electoral Comitia
have proclaimed you King by an immense majority ; 9,000,000
Italians are uniting themselves to the other provinces, which
your Majesty governs with so much wisdom, verifying your
solemn promise that Italy should belong to the Italians.'
The King said a few words, which are not recorded.
The deed of annexation was then drawn up. The Dictatorship
ceased, and the Ministry resigned. The following day,
November 9, Garibaldi left Naples to return to his residence
in the island of Caprera, having apparently accepted neither
honours nor money.
The speeches at the Lord Mayor's dinner yesterday were
uninteresting, and no declaration of policy on the part of
the Government. Palmerston praised the glorious successes
of our troops in China, and the Volunteers. Several of our
party were present to do honour to the Lord Mayor, who is a
Tory. None of the foreign Ministers were there, except Per
signy and d'Azeglio ; the former spoke very well in French.
November Wth. — A leading article of the 'Times ' to-day
is a panegyric upon Hudson and a great abuse of Lord John
Russell, but more damaging to the former than to the latter,
as it praises Hudson for having disobeyed the instructions
of two successive Governments, and acted according to the
wishes of the people of England.
November 14th. — Lord Dundonald's funeral took place
this morning in Westminster Abbey. He died on October 31,
having lived just long enough to complete his memoirs, of
which he sent a copy to the Prince Consort. Admiral Sir
Charles Napier only survived him a few days.

1860 EMPRESS EUGENIE IN LONDON. 239
The Prince of Wales, who has been to Canada, arrived
this morning at Plymouth. His ship, the ' Hero,' was so
slow, that he was detained long enough to cause considerable
anxiety. November Wth. — The Empress of the French arrived in
London, and drove with her suite to Claridge's Hotel in
hack cabs. The following morning she went out shopping
on foot, and to the Crystal Palace in the afternoon. The
object of her journey is not known. Some say she is in bad
health, and is going to Hamilton Palace for change of air ;
another report is that she is unhappy at her sister's death.
The King of Italy seems to have treated his new subjects
with very little consideration. His entry into Naples was a
failure, as he fixed three different days ; and when he did
at last arrive it was an hour too soon, and none of the pre
parations were completed. He must feel humiliated, for it
is Garibaldi who has conquered the kingdom for him. He
gives it him, refusing all rewards, resisting all entreaties to
remain ; and, after giving up the Dictatorship and saluting
Victor Emanuel as King of Italy, embarks the next morn
ing, the 8th, before daylight, for his home in Caprera, pay
ing Admiral Mundy a farewell visit on his way. Something
must have occurred to disgust him with the King. It is
said that at a great banquet on the day of the King's
arrival in Naples, the oflicers of the Piedmontese army
drank the health of Victor Emanuel but not Garibaldi's,
whose name was never even mentioned.
November Wth. — -I went to Buckenham.
November 25th. — The Empress Eugenie is going to
Osborne on December 5.

240 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
November 26th. — M. de Flahault is named Ambassador
in place of M. de Persigny, who was recalled in consequence
of a quarrel he had with Lord Palmerston. Calling on her,
I found her much pleased, but anxious for her husband's
health, which is not strong.
The relations between England and France are not satis
factory. Lord Palmerston, who only sees through the eyes
of d'Azeglio, is angry with the Emperor for his uncertain
policy in Italy, which favours the Reactionists ; and certainly
things are going on badly for Victor Emanuel at Naples, Mr.
Elliot, our Minister, having written to Lord John, saying
that, bad as the late Government wa,s, this one is much worse.
November 28th. — Lady Tankerville called and told me
she went to see Lady Palmerston this morning. Whilst
she was there, Lord Palmerston came in in a furious passion
with the Emperor of the French for preventing the bombard
ment of Gaeta, and saying the atrocities committed by
Francis II. were dreadful ; that he had ordered people's
eyes to be put out, their noses cut off, &c., and that it was
necessary to put an end to this state of things. Lady
Tankerville expressed her disbelief of this story; at which
Lord Palmerston got more angry and said it was official
and therefore must be true.
December 1st. — Saw de Persigny, who abused Palmerston,
saying he is not at all the man he used to be ; that he was
completely led by d'Azeglio, and believed everything he told
him. He said the Emperor never would have annexed
Savoy or Nice if it had not been for the English Govern
ment, who would not abide by the Treaty of Villafranca.
He told them from the beginning that if Sardinia annexed

1860 DISPUTE ABOUT GAETA. 241
Tuscany he must then have Savoy, as he could not sacrifice
50,000 Frenchmen merely to aggrandise Sardinia without
some compensation to France. The dispute at present between
our two Governments is about Gaeta, the French forbidding
the bombardment, and Lord Palmerston, pushed on by
Azeglio, being for it. They had a violent quarrel, and Lord
Palmerston applied for Persigny's recall.
Lord Derby to Lord M.
Knowsley : December 4, 1860.
My dear Malmesbury, — I have been lazily intending to write to
yon for the last two or three days, when, 'to fire my flagging zeal,'
I received this morning your letter of yesterday, and for which, and
the political gossip it contains, many thanks. Tou disappoint me,
however, by saying you must make this an exceptional year to your
shooting visits, as I had hoped to catch you for the week after
Bath's party, by which time I may hape to be about again, though
I hardly expect to have a gun in hand thi.= season. • I am only
afraid, if we have a hard frost at Christmas, that it may drive our
woodcocks — at present it looks like the best year I have ever known.
We have tried no coverts, but the park has been full. About the
14th of last month Freddy and Pat Talbot killed twelve ; on the 24th
Talbot alone killed twenty-two of twenty-four which he saw ; and
yesterday the two went again into the park to see if any more were
come, and killed sixteen, and they say ought to have killed four or
five more. Fifty in three days over the same ground. Of yester
day's sixteen, my Lady has sent you up four with a hare. We have
yet no pheasants, and I hardly know how I shall get through my
shooting, even with the aid of two sons and a son-in-law, when they
are here.- I shall be very glad to see you at any time for a political
chat, and if you will give me forty-eight, or even thirty-six hours,
bring your gun also, and I will give you a nice little day over
ground which I believe you have never been on ! Don't come,
however, for a fortnight, as my Lady and I shall be absolutely
tete-a-tete, except next Saturday and Sunday. I had a message
yesterday from Taylor, who is on a visit at Gerard's, to know if I
would see him to-day or to-morrow, to which of course I said
yes, but am not surprised that he did not come over such a day as
VOL. II. E

242 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
to-day has been. I shall hear from him all the little party details ;
but I apprehend that our policy this year as well as last must
be the ' masterly inactivity ' which was found so succe.°sfnl. Italy
is a grand imbroglio, in which, however, France has the game in her
hand so far as Rome is concerned, with the full power, of which she
seems to mean to avail herself, of thwarting the Sardinian and
united policy. Her conduct at Gaeta has been incomprehensible,
except on the supposition that she wishes to keep the pot boiling,
in hopes, in some way or another, of profiting by its boiling over.
John Russell must not be let off his last despatch when Parliament
meets, which I bear, as I supposed, is to be on Tuesday, February 5.
Flahault's appointment is, I think, a good one, in spite of his age,
but I hear the ladies of his family say it will be too much for him.
I am amused at Persigny, at last, having, to confide his woes
and grievances to your friendly bosom ! Madame is of course tout
eploree. Ever yours sincerely, Deebt.
December 10th. — The English and French in China hate
each other. The latter are allowed to plunder, whilst our
men are flogged if they take the smallest trifle without pay
ing for it. Parker and Loch are returned safe to the camp,
but it is feared that Captain Brabazon has been taken by
the Chinese and murdered. Two others are missing, one of
whom is the ' Times ' correspondent.
The French Empress has been to Windsor, and the
Queen and Prince, with Princess Alice, returned the visit.
December Wth, Heron Court, — Colonel Charteris, Mr.
Barrington, and Lochiel had a good day up the Moor's
river, killing seventy-two head of wild-fowl. Twelve degrees
of frost. Matilda Butler's marriage with Lord Otho Fitz
gerald is just announced, but it is not to take place until
she is better, and may likely never do so at all, as she is
in a dangerous state of health from an affection of the

1860 MR. DISRAELI ON CHURCH RATES. 243
lungs, and the doctors will not allow her to be married at
present.' December 24th. — Sixteen degrees of frost last night. I
went to London. Lord Derby to Lord M.
Knowsley : December 26, 1 860.
My dear Malmesbury, — I am obliged to you for a sight of Dis
raeli's letter, which I return. He had not written to me on the
subject ; and I hope has not taken offence at my telling him in my
last letter that I thought he had gone rather too far in his declara
tion of ' no compromise ' on the subject of Church-rates. In prin
ciple he is right ; but it was our moderation and the refusal of the
other side to listen to any terms which mainly caused the dwindling
of the House of Commons majority and thus made our work the
easier. I am afraid that Disraeli's outspoken declaration will lose
us this advantage, which will not be counterbalanced by the in
creased support of the thoroughgoing Churchmen ; and though the
House of Lords will no doubt stand to their colours, yet an increased
House of Commons majority, which I apprehend, will add to our
difiiculties. Observe that I am entirely against our originating any
measure ; but I doubt the policy of shutting the door beforehand
against any overtures of our opponents. As to the main question of
Disraeli's letter to you, I am very glad to find that he takes the
view he does of our policy ; and I shall be pleased to hear of the
renewal of your confidential communications with the Palmerstons,
for I suppose my Lady counts — pour quelque chose. I should not be
afraid of entering on these quasi negotiations too soon. I believe
Disraeli is quite accurate in his estimate of the relations between the
Government and the Bright and Cobden party.
I think tbat in j'our communications with Palmerston you
cannot be too explicit. He is a gentleman, and will know that you
and I are dealing with him de bonne foi, and will not suspect a
' dodge,' if we make any exception to our promise of support.
I should, however, be quite ready to assure him that, though we
might, in debate, object to some of the ' sayings and doings ' of
' She died soon after, and Lord Otho married Lady Londesborough ; both
the last dyiug in 1884.
e2

244 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1860
the Foreign Office (and chiefiy the sayings, or rather, writings), we
would not countenance any movement on the subject of foreign
policy calculated to defeat the Government, unless it were on the
impossible supposition that they should desire us to take an active
part in an attack by Sardinia and France on Venetia. I cannot
believe that the Government will be so mad as to sanction such a
policy ; but an exception made in such a case from our promise of
support will rather serve to strengthen than to shake a belief in
the sincerity of our general profession.
Tou seem to have had good sport with the wild-fowl. I am
afraid my shooting will be quite spoilt by the intense severity of the
weather, compared to which yours is a summer climate. Tou talk
of the thermometer at eighteen : we had it at five the night before
last, and last night one degree above zero, and at Windham Hornby's
house, which lies lower and damper than this, it is said to have
been, the night before last, at five below zero ; what it was last night
I do not know. Except that it keeps me from going out of the
house, I do not find that this severe cold retards my recovery, which
goes on, though slowly. I hobble about the house, though 1 am
still obliged to be carried doiun stairs. Ever yours sincerely, Deebt.
December 28th. — Intense cold. Peace with China was
signed at Pekin on October 24 by Lord Elgin and Prince
Kung, brother of the Emperor. The Summer Palace of the
Emperor has been plundered and burnt by order of Lord
Elgin, in revenge for the cruelties committed upon the
English and French prisoners whom they took treacherously
on September 10. They were taken to the Summer Palace
and tortured with the Emperor's sanction, so it was con
sidered by our diplomatists and generals that the most just
punishment was to destroy his property and not to burn the
town, which would only have punished his subjects.
J^fter the two armies had carried off everything they
could, they destroyed property, it is said, amounting to at
least two millions sterling. The town of Pekin disappointed

1860 COBDEN'S CLASSICS. 245
everybody ; it has been very magnificent, but is now in a
state of complete decay, and so ruinous that it was with the
greatest difiiculty they could find a house to lodge Lord
Elgin. It is feared that Captain Brabazon has been be
headed with the French Abbe Hue. They were taken to
a Chinese general who had just been wounded by the
English, and who in his rage ordered their execution.
From Mr. Bidwell to Lord M.
Foreign Office : December 28, 1860.
My dear Lord, — .... I wanted much to see you, as I
have learnt much of many things while I have been away, and
from two distinguished people I heard you spoken of to my immanse
pleasure. I went away, as I intended, right away to the south, and I spent
five agreeable days at Algiers, basking in sunshine or shading
myself under palm-trees, eating green peas and fresh strawberries,
and I have come back to this ! I went over to Algiers and lived
there with Cobden ! When we started I thought of Jonah, and
was almost tempted to suggest a similar fate, for it came on to
blow awfully, and we were knocked about off Minorca in great
style. However, Cobden and I became immense friends, for he gained
my heart by the way he spoke of you. He said he had never been
so struck or so surprised as on reading the Italian Blue-book, and
he should certainly have voted with the Government, and wondered
why it had not been laid on the table before the want of confidence
vote. We got on famously together, for I puzzled him with an apt
quotation from Horace in one of our first conversations, and he
frankly confessed that he had forgotten his classics — so ever after
wards, whenever he got the better of me on subjects of political
economy, I brought up Numidia, Jugurtha, and Masinissa, and
so we discussed Algiers and his treaty  I also had a long
talk with Lord Cowley at Paris. He does not hit it ofi" with Lord
J., and once, when I happened to mention you, he burst out : ' I
wish to God he was back at the Foreign Office again ! '
Ever yours faithfully,
J. Bidwell.

246 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861

1861
January 1st, Heron Court. — After three weeks of very
hard weather, the wind veered to the south-west, with
heavy rains, which flooded the river.
January 8th. — Thermometer again down to sixteen
degrees. January Wth. — My old servant, John Brenton, who has
been with me five-and-twenty years, suddenly went out of
his mind, and is, I am afraid, hopelessly insane. He has
been a most faithful follower, and I feel for him as if he
were a friend and relation. I have sent him to a private
asylum at Salisbury, but with very little hope of his re
covery. January 21st. — I heard to-day a good story of the present
Duke of Wellington. He and the Duchess were invited to
Windsor. She was in London, and went ; but the Duke,
having a party at Strathfieldsaye, which he did not like to
put off, sent an excuse, and when he was told of the offence
he had given, he replied, ' Her Majesty has no right to be
angry; I obeyed the back of the card, and the Duchess
obeyed the front.' The invitation cards have printed direc
tions on the back, desiring that the card should be returned
should the ladies and gentlemen invited be away from
London. January 23rd. — I received a bad account of my servant

.iiJ

1861 GAETA SURRENDERS. 247
from the asylum. They have been obliged to put hiin under
chloroform, and give him medicine and nourishment by
means of a stomach-pump. He has a room to himself, well
fitted up, and two men to take care of him.
January 31st. — A flock of wild swans pitched in Parley
Heath. I posted the gentlemen, and the swans were driven
to them. Mr. Mills and I killed three.
Lord Bath arrived.
February 5th, London. — There was no amendment to the
Address proposed in the House of Lords, but Lord Derby
made one of his slashing speeches on the foreign policy of
the Government. In the Commons, Mr. White moved an
amendment in favour of Reform, which was negatived.
February 10th. — Mr. H. Vernon, Lady Selina's husband
died a few days ago of rheumatic fever at Tottenham.
February Wth. — Gaeta surrendered on the 13th, and the
King, Queen, and royal family embarked on board a French
vessel. Mr. Disraeli to Lord M.
House of Lords : February 22 1861.
My dear Malmesbury, — I fear Fitzgerald is shaky about the
great battle on Wednesday — Church-rates ! Pray write to him
decidedly ; it will never do to have our own men run riot.
The fact is, in internal politics there is only one qnestion now, the
maintenance of the Church. There can be no refraining or false
Liberalism on such a subject. They are both out of fashion, too.
Tour House of Lords' pens and ink must be my exciise for this
miserable scrawl. Tours ever, D.
March 9th. — The affair of Mires, the banker, is making a

248 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
great noise in Paris. Some time ago he had a great quarrel
with one of his ex-partners, and the latter accused him of
frauds in connection with a speculation called Roman Rail
ways. A prosecution was instituted against him, but he
went to the Emperor, who stopped the course of justice. It
is supposed that he would have made revelations implicating
high personages about the Court. As the distress consequent
on the stoppage of Mires' bank is very great, and falls prin
cipally on the lower classes, it must make the Court very
unpopular. M. Jules Favre declared that he would, on the
approaching discussion on the Address, denounce the ex
traction of a wealthy man from the fangs of the law, when a
poor man who offends from want is relentlessly prosecuted.
The threat caused alarm in high quarters. A Cabinet Council
was held; most of the Ministers were of opinion that Mires
ought to be protected from prosecution for the reason that
many persons, some of them pillars of the State, might turn
out to be implicated in his acts. Count de Persigny, how
ever, insisted that he should be treated like everybody else.
The Emperor took the same view, and Mires has been sent
to prison, where he is to be kept in solitary confinement.
One of the council of surveillance of his bank, Vicomte de
Richemont, has committed suicide, and another. Count
Simeon, has left France. Storms seem to be collecting
round the Emperor on all sides. The bishops and clergy are
denouncing him from the pulpit and in pastoral letters as
the enemy of the Pope and the Catholic religion.
March Wth. — Lord Palmerston yesterday moved two
resolutions for the appointment of a select committee to
consider the system of promotion and retirement in the Royal
Navy, and that it be an instruction to the select committee

1861 ' LA GROTTE DES FlfES.' 249
to inquire into the Board of Admiralty. The first resolution
was agreed to without a division, and the second was carried
on a division by 96 to 33.
March 14th. — The House of Commons threw out Mr.
Locke-King's bill for reducing the county franchise to 10^,
by a majority of 28. We had agreed with the Govern
ment that if they helped us to throw out this bill we
would help them to pass Lord Palmerston's resolution, re
versing their former vote on the payment of the Navy.
March 23rd. — I crossed to Paris, and thence proceeded by
the Western Railway to Brittany. I am much struck with
the appearance of the country. Laval is a most interesting
town ; the inn not at all a bad one, and a good dinner at the
table d'hote. The waiter had a face and figure which nobody
can forget, and boasted to me that he could fold a napkin in
twenty-four different ways. The bridge at Laval once divided
the English from the French portions of France. The castle
is an old donjon, with the most frightful oubliettes.
March 28th. — I took a carriage and post-horses to Vitre,
stopping on my road to see a very curious Druidical circle,
in the middle of an oak-wood, and composed of immense
stones supported by others of equal size, called ' La Grotte des
Fees.' At Vitre there is a very fine mediaeval gateway with
two round towers.
March 29th. — Went on to Rennes. Very good inn and
curiosity shop, in which I bought a box which the archbishop
wished to sell. It was of old enamel inlaid on gold, which
the prelate had used for holding the holy wafer, and with

250 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
that view had the sacred monogram engraved inside. It had
been given by Louis XII. to his Minister, Cardinal Amboise,
whose arms, with the fleur de lys, are on it, with a burn
ing mountain as a rebus on the name of his place of resi
dence — Chaumont.
March 31st. — From Rennes I went to the Bale des Tre-
passes, the wildest sea-view it is possible to imagine, where
there is a picturesque rock called the Torch of Penmarch, on
which a chapel has been erected, and round which the sea is
continually breaking. There is a current here which washes
those who perish in the Bay of Biscay up on this shore, and
it is seldom that the rocks on this stormy coast are without
a dead body, which circumstance gives its sinister name to
this fatal place. From thence I went to Quimper, with its
beautiful spires and churches, and thence made expeditions
to the dolmens of Carnac' and to St. Auray. Here, in a
vault some hundred feet deep, looking very like a large well,
lie, in full view, the bones of the Royalists who were taken
and murdered by the Republican soldiers during the great
French Revolution after our fatal expedition at Quiberon.
A very old man, evidently one of that terrible epoch, was
looking down with his eyes full of tears.
April Wth, London. — I had an audience of the Emperor
before leaving Paris, and found him very much prejudiced
against the whole Tory party, having been told an enormous
quantity of lies, which he apparently believed. I spoke very
openly to him, and think I succeeded in undeceiving him on
' Plere I met a very intelligent priest, who went round with me to show
me this mile of Druidical stones, and the great barrow of St. Michel. He
bad studied the origin of these mysterious remains, and proved, I think
satisfactorily, that they were sepulchres.

1861 CHURCH VERSUS DISSENTERS. 251
some points, but one never can be sure, as he carries dis
simulation to the greatest pitch. I think the party he would
like to see governing England are the Radicals. He fears
our aristocracy, wdiom he knows to be thoroughly English,
and the most energetic of all the classes ; and he would like
a Government who would diminish our army and navy, and
so weaken our influence abroad. He entered into the whole
question of Italy, and confessed that he was now much per
plexed what to do about Rome. He evidently would like to
throw over the Pope, but fears the Church party. He abused
Palmerston. Madame Walewska was very friendly. She is
in greater favour with the Emperor than ever. I also saw
the Persignys, and was well received by both. Madame de
Persigny regrets England, and perhaps hopes, as they were
recalled in consequence of a quarrel with Lord Palmerston,
that the return of Tories to ofBce might enable them to go
back. April Wth. — Our party last night threw out in the House
of Commons Mr. Monckton Milnes' bill for legalising mar
riage with a deceased wife's sister by a majority of 5, and
the Trustees of Charities Bill by 29 ; the latter being a
question of Church versus Dissenters.
May 1st. — Dined at the Mansion House, where there was
a great dinner to Lord Derby.
May 3rd. — Mr. Horsfall's amendment to reduce the tea
duty to a shilling was rejected in the House of Commons
by 18. May 5th.— The state of affairs in America is getting
worse every day, and civil war has actually begun. The first

252 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
shot was fired by the Secessionists on April 12 against
Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbour, and after a bom
bardment of forty hours Major Anderson suri'endered.
The fort was completely destroyed, but not a single man
killed on either side. The last news mentions the destruc
tion of Norfolk Dockyard, with eleven ships of war, to prevent
their falling into the hands of the insurgents.
May Wth. — There are dreadful accounts from the country,
which make one fear a worse harvest than the last. Cap
tain McClintock, who has just returned from the Polar
regions, has reported to the Admiralty that there is an ac
cumulation of three years' ice.
May 14th. — The Due de Richelieu told me that the only
thing which could prevent a war with France was Lord
Derby's return to ofi&ce. His late speech, in which he advo
cated two kingdoms of Italy divided by the Papal States,
was admirable, and his policy the only one to follow to en
sure a sincere friendship between England and France.
May 31st. — The adjourned debate upon the Paper Duty
came on, and the Government had a majority of 15.
June 2nd. — Lord Ossulston attributes the bad division on
the Paper Duty to the stupid dislike of our party to Disraeli,
and their wish not to turn out the Government to put him
in ofBce ; but I think it more probable that they feared a
dissolution. June 5th. — I received a letter this morning from my agent,
with the melancholy news that my poor old servant, John
Brenton, had cut his throat yesterday. On a post-mortem
examination they found a drop of blood on the brain, which

1861 MISS R.VLFE. 258
no doubt was the cause of his insanity ; and this resulted
from a fall he had from his pony, when he was stunned, but
not apparently injured, and took no notice of it. He was
the last man likely to go mad, as he was shrewd and prac
tical to a degree, and remarkable for his common-sense and
good nerve. He had served my grandfather, father, and
myself for forty years, and was of that class of servant, now
long extinct, born on the place and brought up in the family,
who treated him as one of themselves, and on the same
footing by my friends and acquaintances, who were much
amused at his dry wit and intelligence.'
June 6th. — I dined with the Duke of Cambridge, and
there heard of the death of Count Cavour, which took place
this morning. It is too soon to judge of his character,
although he was certainly a great statesman and deep
intriguer. June 7th. — We had a dinner for the Duchess of Cam
bridge and Princess Mary. Tankervilles, Lady Chesterfield,
Carnarvons, Lord Dunkellin, Lord Loughborough, Lord
Hardwicke, Lord Stanhope, Mr. Barrington, &c. Afterwards
to Madame Apponyi's ball.
June 1 3th. — Sir John and Lady Crampton called. She was
Miss Balfe, and sang for one or two seasons at Covent Gar
den ; Sir John then married her and took her to St. Peters
burg, where he was Minister, and they are now just going
to Madrid. She is very pretty and ladylike.
' I remember a specimen of the former which amused me much at the
time. I was fishing in Loch Arkaig, which is fifteen miles long, and having
great sport, I exclaimed to John Brenton in my excitement, ' I wish I had
this lake at Heron Court ! ' 'I don't,' cried John, ' as it would drown your
miserable estate and half the county besides.'

254 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
June 14th. — Dined with the Buccleuchs, and went to Lady
Craven's ball. The marriage of her second daughter with
Lord Ernest Bruce's eldest sou is arranged.
June 1 8th. — Called on the Duchess of Marlborough, where
Count Brandenburg told me that Louis Napoleon is going to
send an Ambassador to Turin ; so Azeglio will be Ambassa
dor in England. All the Corps Diplomatique have heard
of my sending him an invitation as Sardinian Minister, and
seem greatly delighted ; but nothing I can say will persuade
them that I did so by mistake.
I went to Lady Molesworth's theatricals. The first piece,
' Un Caprice,' beautifully acted by Mesdemoiselles Duvergier
and Colas and Mr. Fechter ; the latter piece is mauvais ton.
June Wth. — Went to the fullest Drawing Room I ever
saw, and in the evening to Lady Derby's — a small and plea
sant party. Count Vitzthum was going about in a state of
great excitement because the Neapolitans (as he said) had
roasted alive four Piedmontese, and the latter had shot
twenty Neapolitans.
Sir J. Trelawny's bill for abolishing Church-rates was
rejected on the 17th on the third reading, House of Com
mons. The division was equal, 274 on both sides. The
Speaker then gave his casting-vote against the bill.
June 21st. — Lord Lansdowne called on me ; he is grown
very deaf, but his intellect remains clear.
A tremendous fire broke out in some warehouses on the
banks of the Thames. I went in a Hansom cab to see it.
It was awful beyond description. An explosion took place
which threw down a wall close to Mr. Braidwood, and four
or five of his brigade of firemen were crushed in a moment.

1861 CONCERT AT BUCKINGHAM PALACE. 255
At one time London Bridge station and a church near it
were threatened with fire, as also the Custom House, though
on the opposite side of the river. There was fortunately
no wind, or the whole of Southwark must have been de
stroyed. The Lord Chancellor (Campbell) died suddenly last night.
He had given a dinner, and was apparently in good health,
but the next morning was found dead in his armchair.
June 26th. — Sir Richard Bethell is the new Lord Chan
cellor, and received to-day the Great Seal from the Queen.
The Sultan is dead.
June 27th. — We dined with Lady Truro, where we met the
Due d'Aumale, a very gentlemanly and agreeable man.
June 28th. — Concert at Buckingham Palace. Whilst we
were waiting for our carriage to go away Lord Derby joined
us, and immediately after Lord John Russell came up. Lord
Derby exclaimed, ' How do you do. Lord John ? You have
got into very bad company.' He looked round at us all with
a grim smile and said, ' I see I have ;' when Lord Derby,
looking at him attentively, observed that he was incorrectly
dressed, having his Levee uniform instead of the full dress
which he ought to have worn. Lord John said, ' I know I
am wrong, and the porter wanted to turn me out.' ' Oh, did
he ?' exclaimed Lord Derby. ' Thou canst not say I did it.'
Of course all those round laughed at this apt quotation from
Shakespeare, and no one more than Lord John himself.
July 6th. — We went to the Duchess of Cambridge's break
fast at Kew — a small but very good party. Madame de
Persigny had a pork-pie hat of blue velvet and a white veil

256 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
which only came to the tip of her nose, her hair in a net, and
a sash tied behind. I did not know her when she came up
to speak, but recognised her by her lisping voice. She was
most friendly, so I suppose she is looking forward to return
ing here as Ambassadress.
Dr. Bence Jones told me that Lord Herbert's case is
hopeless. He might have lived many years, and Bence Jones
did not say positively that he might not have got well had
he given up office and led a quiet life. He told this to Lady
Herbert, but she would not believe him, and was so annoyed
that she has not seen him since. He is now so ill at Wilton
that he cannot be moved to Loudon, and she has written
to the Duke of Cambridge to ask him to take his place at
the dinner given on the Queen's birthday.
The news from Naples is very bad in an Italian sense.
Complete anarchy prevails. The ' Reactionist brigands,' as
the Piedmontese call them, increase every day, and no one's
life is safe out of the town. The array is to be increased by
60,000 men, and to be commanded by Cialdini. It is said
that Ricasoli, Cavour's successor, refuses to name Azeglio
Ambassador. He is taking a very high tone, and made a
very spirited speech in the Chambers, declaring that he
would not give up another inch of Italian territory ; that the
' King's Government saw a territory to defend and a terri
tory to recover : it saw Rome, it saw Venice ' — a pretty plain
declaration of war to Austria.
July Wth. — All London is talking of a supposed attempt
of Baron Vidil to murder his son yesterday week. The story
is that they went to Claremont, where they remained about
an hour. They had gone by rail to Twickenham, where
they had hired horses to ride to Claremont, but the Baron

1861 CABINET REARILVNGED. 257
diverged from the road under the pretence of calling on the
Due d'Aumale, and, on arriving in a secluded lane, made an
attack upon his son, hitting him on the head with a stick
or riding-whip, and cutting his forehead open. The young
man galloped away, his father pursuing him, until he met a
man and woman coming along the lane, when he rushed to
them, imploring protection. They, of course, granted it,
and a surgeon, who was sent for, sent his assistant with him
to London, as he expressed the greatest terror of going
alone with his father. The next morning he went to his
uncle's house and told the story. The police were sent to
arrest the Baron, but he had escaped to Prance.
August 3rd, Heron Court. — Mr. Mills called and told us of
Lord Herbert's death, which took place at Wilton. He will
be a great loss as a public man, being one of those who was
looked upon as likely to be a future Prime Minister, but a
still greater to his family and friends, who knew all the
excellence of his disposition and generous character. Among
the latter I must include myself.
August 6th. — News has arrived of a great battle having
been fought at Manassas Gap, in Virginia, between the
Federals and Secessionists, in which the former were totally
routed.' Parliament was prorogued yesterday. Lord Herbert's
death has obliged Lord Palmerston to rearrange his
Cabinet. Sir George Lewis is War Secretary ; Sir George
Grey, Home Secretary ; Sir Robert Peel, Secretary for
Ireland ; Lord Ripon, Under Secretary for War ; Mr. Layard,
Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs in the place of Lord
Wodehouse, who resigned when Lord John became Earl
' This battle was afterwards known as Bull's Run.
VOL. II. S

258 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
Russell, as he would not submit to be second where, on all
questions relating to foreign affairs, he had been first. It
is supposed that he will have an Embassy, and the Whigs
want Lords Cowley and Bloomfield and Sir Henry Bulwer
to make room.
August llth. — Went to church at Christchurch for after
noon service, and to my horror I found that seven babies
were to be christened. Afterwards to Highcliffe, to see
the Princess Edward, who was much amused when I related
this to her, and said 'the clergyman ought to have used a
watering-pot to sprinkle them.'
August 21st, — All the party from Highcliffe arrived.
Some of us fished, and some walked to the top of Ramsdown.
Lady Salisbury and Lord Odo Russell ' also called, and he
sang- — a very fine tenor voice.
I went to meet my yacht at Weymouth.
August 25th. — There has been a great battle fought at
Springfield, in which the Federals were defeated, and lost
their best general, Lyons.
August 30th. — A most lovely day for owx fete given to the
Volunteers, the parade being in the park.
Lady Salisbury and the Russells came over from Bourne
mouth. I had to make a speech and present a rifle to the
sergeant-major. We had a good band from Poole, to which
the party danced till seven o'clock. I opened the ball with
the Princess Edward of Saxe- Weimar. Croquet on the lawn
and Aunt Sally in the more retired parts. Bowls and cricket
in the park. An enormous quantity of eating and drinking
' This able and amiable man died as Ambassador at Berlin in August
1884 : a great loss to the public service. In 1852 I sent him as our diplo
matic agent to the Pope. He was created Lord Ampthill in 1881.

1861 PRINCESS EDWARD'S FISHING. 250
in the courtyard — altogether the most animated scene, every
one appearing amused. About 2,000 people.
September 6th. — Poured all the morning, so we were
obliged to go in the brougham to Mr. Grantley Berkeley's
cottage, where we found Princess Edward, Lady Conyngham,
and the Binghams already arrived and looking extremely
disgusted at the ram, which was coming down in torrents.
It is altogether a pretty, wild place, and a few hundred
pounds, which poor Berkeley has not to spend, laid out upon
it would make it quite lovely. The sun came out, and we
had a beautiful afternoon, which revived the spirits of the
party. We all amused ourselves after luncheon by pulling
up a number of lines which Berkeley had laid along the
banks of the river, and caught several flne eels. Mr. and
Mrs. Brett and Lord Ranelagh arrived in the evening.
September Wth. — The Bretts and Ranelagh left. The
Princess, Lady Conyngham, and Lord George Lennox came
about one, and we proceeded to draw up the lines which I
had placed in the Stour. The Princess pulled them up, and
got three pike of twelve or fourteen pounds, one large tench,
and seven eels. The latter and the large pike had been put
on previously, but we all, including the keeper, looked so
innocent, that no one suspected the trick.
September 14th. — News from America describes the Fede
rals as beaten in every engagement. Mr. Russell evidently
got into disgrace by his account of Bull's Run, and now
writes more cautiously ; being afraid, I suppose, of being
tarred and feathered — a common punishment in the Union.
We had a great function at Bournemouth on opening the
new pier. s 2

260 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
September 21st. — Returned to London.
September 23rd. — Left for Gedling, Lord Chesterfield's
place. Nobody here except Lord Granville, Colonel Forrester,
and Lord Stanhope.
September 24th.— We killed 300 partridges and an im
mense quantity of hares. The rents of this estate have not
been raised for more than fifty years, and consequently the
farmers do not complain of them, although they swarm.
September 27th.^I went to London and on to Paris ;
Lady Malmesbury to Knowsley.

From Paris I made a tour to see all the castles on the
Loire. First to Blois, which is very interesting, as being the
scene of the crimes of the later Valois. The apartment is
shown in which Henri III. had the Due de Guise assassinated.
From thence to Amboise, where there is a round tower so
spacious and so well built, that a carriage and four horses
can drive up from the bottom to the battlements and terrace
at the top. Abd-el-Kader had been imprisoned in this
castle, and was released by Louis Napoleon. From there
I proceeded to Loches, one of the donjons of Louis XL
Thence to Chenonceaux, the castle bower of Diane de Poic-
tiers, built astride upon the Loire, now belonging to a
dentist! I went to see Azy-le-Rideau, a beautiful castle
belonging to M. de Briancourt, and in perfect order. On
my way to Tours, I happened to find in ' Galignani ' an
account of the death of my dear friend. Lord Eglinton, who
had been seized with apoplexy at Mr. Why te-Melville's house,
where he had gone to attend a golf meeting. He is a sad

1861 FEDERAL DEFEAT. 261
loss to our political party and to me personally. He used to
complain to me that he constantly saw a figure retreating
before his eyes, disappear and appear again — an evident
proof that his brain suffered under some kind of pressure.

November 9th. — The Federals at Leesburg have lost six
or seven hundred men. They crossed the Potomac, taking
only two small boats, intending probably to surprise the
Confederates, Having got across without opposition, they
formed their whole force, about eighteen hundred men, in a
field of twelve acres, with the river at their backs, the three
other sides of the field being enclosed by a thick wood filled
with their enemies, who immediately fired upon them from
behind the trees. The Federals then attempted to re-cross
the river, but having no boats except the two mentioned, a
regular rout and dreadful loss of life ensued. The disgrace
of it rests at present between Generals Macmillan and Scott.
It is a fearfully cruel war.
I am alarmed at the state of America, and if the war
continues they will, of course, gain experience, and the
Northern provinces will be left with a fine army, which they
may use in attempting the conquest of Canada, a country
difficult to defend.
November 28th. — Important news has just arrived by the
' Plata.' Messrs. Slidell and Mason, the Confederate Com
missioners to England and France, with their secretaries,
were forcibly taken out of the Royal Mail steamer ' Trent '
whilst on her passage from Havannah to St. Thomas, by the
American war-ship ' San Jacinto.' The steamer ' Theodore,'
with the Commissioners on board, ran the blockade at
Charleston on October 18 ; they were accompanied by their

262 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
families. They left Havannah, on board the ' Trent,' on the
7th. At noon on the 8th, as the ' Trent ' was approaching
the narrow passage between the reefs, a large war-vessel
was observed waiting ahead, and showing no colours. On
coming nearer, the ' Trent' hoisted her ensign, and met with
no response from the man-of-war, which when within the
eighth of a mile fired a round-shot across the 'Trent's'
bows. Captain Moir, of the ' Trent,' thereupon hailed the
captain of the other ship, asking what he meant by stopping
him. He replied that he wished to send a boat on board,
and at the same time one was lowered containing two
officers and twenty men. The officers came on board and
demanded the ' Trent's ' list of passengers, which was refused.
Lieutenant Fairfax, the officer in command of the party from
the war- steamer (which proved tx) be the 'San Jacinto')
then said that Captain Wilkes, his captain, had received
reliable information that Messrs. Slidell, Eustace, Mason,
and Farland were on board the ' Trent,' and demanded that
they should be given up. This was peremptorily refused,
both by Captain Moir and Commander Williams, R.N., the
naval agent in charge of the mails. The lieutenant then
said he would take charge of the steamer. Commander
Williams thereupon made a protest to the effect that he
accused the Americans of piracy and of the violation of inter
national law ; an act which, had he the means of defence,
they would not have dared to attempt. The Americans
stated that they were short of provisions, and asked for a
supply to maintain the prisoners. Captain Moir furnished
them with supplies, stating distinctly that they were for the
exclusive use of the four gentlemen. The American lieutenant
then said that his orders were to take Captain Moir and his
papers on board the ' San Jacinto,' and that the ' Trent '

1861 THE 'TRENT.' 203
was to be moored near her. Captain Moir replied, 'You
will flnd me on the quarter-deck.' The lieutenant, however,
called his men together and went over the side, returned
to the ' San Jacinto,' and the ' Trent ' proceeded on her
voyage. The despatches of the Commissioners did not fall
into the hands of the Americans, as Mrs. Slidell is said to
have concealed them inside her ' cage.'
As soon as this event was known at Liverpool an indigna
tion meeting was held, and a resolution passed, insisting
upon the Government demanding instant reparation for the
insult offered to our flag.
December 1st. — Lord Lyndhurst declares that if the
Government show the least wavering about this American
outrage they must be turned out when Parliament meets.
December 5th. — A telegram has just been received
announcing the death of Lady Canning on November 14.
Lord Palmerston telegraphed immediately to Lady Stuart,
who is at Highcliffe with Lady Waterford. The blow will
be the more cruel as she expected the Cannings home next
March. December 6th. — Dined at Lady Tankerville's, where we
met the Saxe-Weimars, Lord Granville, Ben Stanley, Count
Brandenburg, and Miss Gorges. The Princess was low. She
dreads the Prince being ordered to Canada. At present the
two first battalions are under orders, and are to start at
forty-eight hours' notice. Lord Granville told me that the
Government would not be satisfied with anything except the
restoration of Slidell and Mason. They have allowed the
American Government seven days to come to a decisiou.

264 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
and if they refuse Lord Lyons was to leave Washington
directly.' December 8th. — Lady Canning's death was broken to
Lady Stuart de Rothesay by General Stuart. The shock
was terrible, and she has not been able to leave her bed
since. Mrs. Stuart had received a letter from Lady Canning
on the 27th, only two days before the arrival of the telegram
announcing her death, in which she said, ' Home now seems
so near.' December 9th. — Left London for Longleat, where we met
a family party. Lord Bath, as usual, uncertain in his
politics. Prince Albert is ill, and there is a sort of bulletin
in the ' Times ' which does not seem comfortable. His ill
ness is said to be gastric fever.
December Wth. — Very wet and stormy. We went out
shooting, though it blew a regular gale. I got a letter to
day from Lady Ely, who says the Prince's illness is gastric
fever and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
stomach, and that he is anxious about himself. Lady
Somerton and Mr. Fountaine, on the violin, played duets.
He plays with great taste, and brings out great tone in the
slow passages. Lady Louisa Fielding's voice is charming.
Big Ben's ^ conversation consisted of violent abuse of
Disraeli and Lord Derby.
December Wth. — Left Longleat after a very pleasant visit.
The bulletin about the Prince is not satisfactory ; no change
in the symptoms. Lady Munster has seen Dr. Jenner, who
¦" The Emperor Louis Napoleon supported us manfully on this occasion.
' Member for Norfolk, Tory, but a general frondeur.

1861 PRINCE consort's DEATH. 265
told her that the Prince's fever was of a typhoid character.
The Queen has sat up with him for two nights, and never
leaves his room — quite in despair.
December 15th, Heron Court. — We got a letter from
Lady Ely, saying that the Prince is as ill as possible. I
telegraphed to Princess Edward, and at half-past six received
the sad news that the Prince died last night at eleven. The
greatest anxiety is felt on the Queen's account, for it is feared
that this affliction may be too much for her health or mind
to bear. She has lost everything that could make life valuable
to her, as all her happiness was centred in her husband, who
was not only most devoted and affectionate to her, but her
best friend ; advising her in all her difficulties, consoling her
in all her annoyances, and saving her, as much as possible,
trouble and anxiety of every kind.
December Wth. — Lady Ely writes that the Prince's fever
was the same as that which the King of Portugal died of,
and that he had from the beginning a presentiment that he
would not recover.
December Wth. — I got a letter from Princess Edward,
giving a good account of the poor Queen, who bears her
affliction most nobly.
December 20th. — We continue to receive good accounts of
the Queen. The Princess says she has signed some papers,
and seen Lprd Granville.
December 28th. — I hear that Ministers have signed a me
morial to the Queen, refusing to transact business with her

266 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1861
through Sir Charles Phipps. This, though right, is certainly
cruel under present circumstances. No news can be received
from America as to the reception of our demands until the
30th, but our Government are preparing for war. Lord
Palmerston has been dangerously ill, but is better. His
death at this moment would be a national misfortune, when
we consider who the men are who are likely to succeed him
among the Whig party.

1862
January llth. — The town of Southampton is rather excited
by the arrival of an American frigate, the ' Tuscarora,' evi
dently come to look after the ' Nashville ' ; the captain of
the latter is supposed to have sent for the ' Sumter,' which
is at Cadiz, and the two together will be a match for the
frigate. They cannot fight in our waters.
January Wth. — Messrs. Slidell and Mason embarked
on board the ' Rinaldo,' either for England or Halifax. Lord
Lyons has written a very dry despatch in answer to Mr.
Seward's, not replying to any of his arguments as to the
legality or otherwise of the seizure on board the ' Trent.'
January Wth. — There is a report to-day that the ' Parana '
steamer is lost in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. She sailed with
the ' Adriatic ' in December. The ' Parana ' carries the
1st Battalion Fusilier Guards with their offlcers, amongst
whom are Lord Dunmore, Colonel Charteris, and many others
of my acquaintance.

1862 DISTRESS OF THE QUEEN. 207
January Wth. — Lady Margaret Charteris gave me the
pleasing intelligence that the ' Parana,' on board which was
her husband. Colonel Charteris, is safe in the St. Lawrence.
January 26th. — Saw Lord Derby, and talked over his
future Government. He insists on mj again taking the
Foreign Offlce, which I do not think my health will allow.
Lord Palmerston is in a very weak state, so it must be
doubtful whether he will be able to carry on the Govern
ment. January 30th. — Messrs. Slidell and Mason arrived at
Southampton yesterday. A crowd collected to see them land,
but not a single person cheered. Mr. Mason remained at
Southampton until the evening, and received a visit from the
officers of the ' Nashville.'
One of our finest line-of-battle ships, the ' Conqueror,'
100 guns, has been stranded on a reef near the Bahama
Islands ; the crew are saved, and the guns will be recovered,
but the ship is a complete wreck.
February 1st. — Lord Russell has addressed a letter to the
Admiralty declaring it to be the Queen's pleasure that the
ships and privateers belonging to the Federals and Confede
rates should not enter any English ports, except in cases of
bad weather and want of provisions.
February 4th, Heron Court. — Lady Ely arrived. She
seemed very low, and the account of her life at Osborne for
the last five weeks quite accounts for the depression of her
spirits. She gives a sad report of the poor Queen, who
talks continually about the Prince, and seems to feel comfort
in doing so. She takes great pleasure in the universal feeling
of sympathy for her and sorrow for him shown hy all classes.

268 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
February Qth, London. — Parliament met to-day. The
Queen, of course, did not come. Lord Derby made a
speech on the Address; the part relating to the Prince
Consort's death was beautiful. There was no amendment.
February 9th. — I hear Mr. Mason says that it will be im
possible for the Confederates to continue the war much
longer, as they will have no more money with which to pay
their troops ; their army and navy together costing half a
million per day.
February Wth. — Lord Clarendon in the House of Lords
attempted to explain the part he had taken with reference to
Italy at the Congress of Paris in 1856. Some private letters
of Cavour's have just been published by Jeffs, from which
extracts have appeared in the ' Times,' showing that Lord
Clarendon encouraged Cavour to go to war. His defence
was most feeble, and fell petfectly flat on the House. The
solemn silence which followed Lord Clarendon's speech must
have been very galling. He admitted that he saw Cavour
daily, and conversed with him a great deal on the affairs of
Italy, but kept no notes of his conversations, as he did not
consider them of sufficient importance for him to report
them to his Government. This is quite incredible to those
who know his cacoethes scribendi,
February 28th, — Lord Derby brought forward yesterday
the question of which he had given notice respecting a most
infamous proclamation issued by the military commandant
of Lucera, near Naples, ordering every human being to with
draw in three days from a certain district or to be shot as
brigands, and the woods, houses, and cattle to be destroyed.
L ord Russell and the Duke of Argyll denied its authenticity,

1862 THE PROCLAM.VTION OF LUCERA. 209
saying that it was only an old proclamation of Murat's
republished, but that they would write to Sir James Hudson
on the subject.
March 4th. — I was detained at the House by a debate upon
the Revised Code. Lord Derby spoke against the measure,
upon which he feels strongly.
March 20th. — Dined with the Salisburys. My speech on
Italian affairs seems to have pleased my party. We have
won the North Riding, Mr. Morritt beating Mr. Milbanke
by 473. A letter from Italy states that the proclamation of
Lucera, issued by Fantoni, who, according to Lord Russell,
was alone responsible for it, was really issued by General
della Rovere when Minister of War, and that three colonels
were dismissed summarily for not carrying out their orders
with sufficient severity, Fantoni's conduct was in pursu
ance of direct orders from Generals Govone and Chiabrera
commanding in the Neapolitan provinces, who have since
been decorated as Grand Officers of St, Maurice,'
March 25th. — Polish debate came on this afternoon, so I
took Madame Zamoiska to hear it. Lord Carnarvon spoke
well. Lord Russell said that the Government could not
offer advice to the Emperor of Russia with respect to his
mode of governing his own subjects,
Mr, George Russell has had a dreadful accident in the
Park. His horse ran away with him in Rotten Row, and
crushed him against the iron rails ; he is in a precarious state.
April 2nd. — The Government were beaten last night by a
^ The cruelties of the Piedmontese armies to the Neapolitan Royalists
taken prisoners were unsurpassed in any civil war or by any tyrant.

270 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
majority of 11 on Mr. Sheridan's motion to reduce the duty
on fire insurances. Both Lord Palmerston and Gladstone
spoke against it.
There has been a naval engagement between two iron
clad ships in America. The Confederate ship ' Merrimac '
destroyed two frigates, the ' Cumberland ' and the ' Congress ' ;
a third steam frigate was saved by the appearance of the
' Monitor,' which, after a fierce battle, compelled the ' Mer
rimac ' to retire. They fought at close quarters, but without
any effect, as the balls glanced off the sides. The ' Monitor,'
being very low in the water, poured its shots into the lower
part of the ' Merrimac,' which was not defended by iron plates.
April 10th. — Great exertions are being made to organise
a society for raising a subscription to erect a memorial to
the Prince Consort. Resolutions were passed unanimously
at the Lord Mayor's, and a committee was formed consist
ing of Lord Salisbury, Lord Derby, myself, &c.
April Wth. — Good Fiiday. I left for Paris.

After two or three days I proceeded to Dijon, and
thought I would try a new hotel close to the station. It
was kept by a young man who had just entered business,
named David, and his wife was a super-excellent cook. He
gave me some very fine trout for dinner, which led to a
conversation upon fishing, and I found that my landlord
was a great admirer of the art, and was constantly going to
Dole to fish in the river Louve. He informed me that I
could reach it in two hours by rail to Dole ; and by en
quiring at a fisherman's at Parex he would put me in the
way of having good sport. I therefore diverged from the

1863 DIJON AND LYONS. 271
course of my journey to Dole, and, putting up at a very bad
inn, proceeded to the small village of Parex. Here I found
the fisherman, quite ready to accompany me. He lived
close by the river, which is a very fine and rapid stream
descending from the Jura. We started in his boat, and for
two hours tried in vain with a rod. Tired of this, he then
produced a long trammel-net, which he laid outside the
bushes on the banks of the river. In a short time we pulled
out a trout of seven pounds, and several smaller ones. I
went back to Dole in the evening, carrying my spoil with
me, and sent the trout as a present to Lord Cowley at
Paris. This fisherman rented about two miles of the river
Louve for ten pounds a year, and must have made it a pro
fitable business.
Returning to Dijon, I went on to Lyons, where a new
park has just been made, but too far from the town for
general use. On climbing up to the church of Notre Dame
de Fourvieres, which is supposed to be a cure for the
lame, I found the most magnificent panorama that can be
seen — the Rhone and the Saone dividing the town at one's
feet, and the white Alps in the far distance bounding a
splendid open country. In the church of Notre Dame there
were thousands of votive offerings, with a representation in
painting of every illness, accident, and misfortune to which
human nature is liable, and from which we must suppose
the donors were saved or recovered. Remains of the Roman
masonry were everywhere to be seen.
On leaving Lyons I stopped at Mines ; and I think the
Pont du Gard, a few miles from the town, is, after the
Coliseum, the grandest remains of the Roman Empire. It
is in the greatest perfection, and still spans the river
unharmed. Spring was everywhere breaking out, and the

272 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
scent of the wild thyme was delicious. I could not resist
the temptation of bathing in the blue pool below the bridge,
I stayed some days at Nimes, enjoying the most splendid
weather, and visiting the Maison Carree, an old Roman
temple turned into a museum, in which is the famous
picture by Delaroche of Oliver Cromwell standing over the
body of Charles I, I was so struck with it that I sent Mr,
Middleton to Nimes to copy it, which he did with great
success. The Easter holidays being over, I returned to
London on May 14, I stopped in Paris for a ball at the
Tuileries, and was very well received by the Emperor,
During my absence the Federals and Confederates had had
several engagements, with various success on both sides.

May nth. — Dined at Lady Ailesbury's, and went after
wards to Lady Palmerston's party and Lady Carrington's
ball. May Wth. — We went to the Exhibition ; it was the first
half-crown day, which accounts for the increased number of
visitors. We dined with Lady Tankerville, and met there
Vladimir Davidoff, whose wife, a Georgian, left him for
Prince Bariatinski, who was his commanding officer and
general in the Caucasus, He never could get any redress
from the Emperor or the Russian laws, if there are any.
May 20th. — I took Vladimir Davidoff to the Royal
Academy, There are some beautiful landscapes by Stan-
field, Lee, Creswick, and Cooper, and some pretty tableaux
de genre by Millais, finished like miniatures ; some por
traits by Grant, none good, and that of Lady Mai-y Craven
atrocious.

1862 CONFEDERATE DEFl^AT. 273
May 22iLd. — I went with Vladimir to the Zoological,
which seemed to amuse him ; but he is very low, not only
about his wife, but from the destruction of all his prospects
in life. At the time the esclandre took place he was on the
point of being made a general ; and if he had chosen to
connive at his own dishonour, his career might have been a
brilliant one so far as satisfying his ambition. Now, all
hopes of advancement are at an end, and he has left the
army ; his having challenged Bariatinski, who was his com
mander-in-chief, and has been a great hero, makes all chance
of promotion impossible.
May 23rd. — There is a rumour that the Confederates
have been defeated and Beauregard taken prisoner, which
everybody regrets. The feeling for the South is very strong
in society. June 2nd. — A meeting took place to-day at the Duke of
Marlborough's to agree about the amendment to Mr. Stans-
feld's resolution respecting the national expenses and the
necessity for retrenchment ; 186 attended. Lord Derby
addressed them, and was much cheered.
June 3rd. — Dined with the Marlboroughs ; a small party.
Mr. Damer came from the House of Commons, and told us
the excitement there was intense. Lord Palmerston made
a very dictatorial speech, declaring that Mr. Walpole's
amendment to Mr. Stansfeld's resolution was in effect a vote
of want of confidence. Mr. Walpole said that the House
had been placed, by what Lord Palmerston had said, in a
position of great difficulty. The object was to determine
whether the House would come to any resolution as to the
VOL. II. T

274 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
mode and direction in which reduction and expenditure
should be made. Mr. Stansfeld then proposed his resolu
tion, after which Disraeli made a clever speech ; and after
two others from Mr. Horsman and Cobden, Mr. Walpole
got up and withdrew his amendment. Disraeli rose and
made the most violent diatribe against Mr. Walpole, to
the disgust of almost all the Conservative party, who feared
to disturb the Government and risk a dissolution, which
Lord Palmerston threatened. The division took place upon
the original resolution, and it was negatived by 367
to 65. It is reported that General Butler governs New Orleans
with the utmost severity, and has issued an order that all
ladies or women who show dislike or contempt for the
Federals by word, look, or gesture, are to be treated as
women of the town. Meanwhile, the French expedition to
Mexico bears the fruit that might have been expected.
They have sustained a reverse at Puebla, and their commu
nications with Vera Cruz are cut off; if so, they will make
a great outcry against us for deserting them, as they will
call it, of course saying nothing of our reasons, which were
that they broke the treaty which they had made jointly
with England and Spain, in consequence of which the
English and Spanish troops left them to carry on their
operations alone.
June Wth. — No details are yet published, beyond those
that the French attacked the heights of Guadalupe, were
repulsed, and retreated upon Vera Cruz. The Emperor has
ordered the immediate despatch of a brigade of 5,000 men ;
but the whole expedition is a great mistake, as there is no
feeling in Mexico for the French and against Juarez ; it has

1862 A SIX DAYS' BATTLE. 275
been got up by the priest party in France, strongly supported
by the Empress.
Lord Canning died this morning. Poor fellow ! he has had
little enjoyment of his hard-won honours. Supported by his
admirable wife, he was put in one of the most trying situa
tions a man could endure, and when the rebellion was
quenched, and his anxieties at an end, he came home only
to die. We were very intimate friends.
June 25th. — The Duchess of Cambridge and Princess
Mary dined with us, also the Carnarvons, Baths, Lady
Cowley and daughter. Count Apponyi, Count Vitzthum,
Count Wimpffen.
July 2nd. — The Duke of Athole has a bea-utiful cow
exhibited at the Battersea Agricultural Show. The dairy
maid who has the care of the cow appears in a sort of
costume, very becoming, and is of course much admired by
gentlemen. The Duke attended upon her and the cow,
bringing hay and water for the latter. One day he and the
dairymaid sat together on a bundle of straw, eating sand
wiches, and she and the cow were the admiration of society.
The civil war in America continues without any positive
advantage on either side.
July 14th. — We went to Stafford House, where there was
a breakfast for the Viceroy of Egypt and about forty people.
Mr. Mason, the Confederate, called upon me this morning,
and told me that the battle before Richmond had lasted six
days. He has four sons in the Confederate army.
July 31. — Lord Palmerston stated in the House that the
T 2

276 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
manufacturers had sold the cotton which they ought to have
kept to work their mills, utterly unmindful of the starving
people round them. Mr. Cobden was furious, and said that
'the assertion was but another instance of that habitual
recklessness and incorrectness for which the Premier was
remarkable.' August llth. — I left London for Lowther Castle. News
from Italy is bad ; Garibaldi is apparently in open rebellion
against Victor Emanuel, and is raising an army in Sicily
to march upon Rome. There is little doubt that the King
is playing a deceitful game, and secretly encouraging
Garibaldi. August 24th. — Garibaldi is in Sicily, and has taken
Catania, where he has seized the Treasury, and is levying
forced contributions. The general feeling seems to be in
favour of the King, who, at last, has issued a proclamation
against him, and is going to send a large force under
Cialdini to Sicily.
August 27th. — Garibaldi has landed in Calabria, and is
advancing on Reggio, whilst Cialdini is sent to Sicily, thereby
humbugging the Government of Victor Emanuel.
Lord Ranelagh to Lord M.
London : August 30, 1862.
Dear Malmesbury, — I have just returned from the Camp of
Chalons, and am for many reasons very glad I went there; the
military portion of what I saw will keep until we meet. The
Emperor was very civil and kind to me. After dinner I made a
point of talking about you, and told him what an old and real friend
you were of his, and regretted that those Whigs had done all they

1862 GARIBALDI A PRISONl-^R. 277
could to make mischief between you, &c. &c. He seemed to think
that you had been in Paris very often without calling upon him ;
which I explained by the diflBculty you had in calling upon him with
out its making a good deal of jealousy over here. However, I
said it would be all right next year, as you would be Foreign
Secretary. I was very much struck by a conversation about America, for in
the most open manner after dinner he said he was quite ready to
recognise the South, but Palmerston would not do so, and he could
not unless Palmerston did. The result of this (pretended ?) frank
ness is that Slidell in Paris tells everyone that England is the cause
of the South not being recognised. He abuses England and says
we are their enemy ; in fact, we are in the happy position of being
(Jiated by both North and South. I think you may look out for
some curious results in Italy. I can only mention one little fact.
Toung Murat, when I was at ChMons, told a French lady friend of
mine that he had an idea tbat he may be wanted before long at
Naples ! He said it was a great bore, but still it was his duty to go
if wanted. Tours truly, Ranelagh.
' ¦ September 1st. — The news of Garibaldi's capture is con
firmed. He was attacked on August 29 at Aspromonte, ten
miles from Reggio, by Colonel Pallavicini. He is said to
have had 2,000 men, and had intrenched himself in a
strong position. This was carried by the King's troops
after an obstinate defence, and Garibaldi wounded and taken
prisoner. September 3rd. — The account given in to-day's papers of
Garibaldi's capture increases my suspicion that the whole
affair is a cross, the object being to prove to Europe that
Italy never can be quiet until she gets Rome. The Pied
montese Press already begins urging the withdrawal of the
French troops on this plea.

278 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
September Wth. — The Federals and Confederates continue
to gain victories by turns, and I see no daylight as yet to
show the result of this bloody war. Rattazzi has sent sixteen
surgeons and physicians to Garibaldi, and his English
sympathisers have sent a surgeon of the name of Partridge
to him, September 15th. — General Lee has gained a victory. Both
armies were in great numbers, but the Federals were obliged
to retreat, leaving all their wounded on the field,
September Wth, Heron Court. — Mr. and Mrs. Augustus
Paget and Lord Ranelagh arrived. Mr. Paget is the first
person who suggested the Princess Alexandra for the Prince
of Wales, and negotiations were commenced a year ago.
Mrs. Paget says she is beautiful — lovely eyes and good teeth.
She is tall and graceful, with a good figure.
Our whole party went to play at croquet at Hinton.
Grantley Berkeley and his son appeared in costume : Gari
baldi shirts, knickerbockers and coloured stockings, hats
with feathers. They looked very ridiculous.
October 1st. — The Confederates have been reinforced by
Stonewall Jackson, who, after his capture of the fort of
Harper's Ferry, where he took 8,000 prisoners, stores and
guns, crossed the Potomac to assist General Lee, who was
hard pressed by McClellan. The battle that ensued on the
1 7th must have been the bloodiest of the war. The Federals
own to a loss of 10,000 men. General Mansfield was killed,
and twelve other generals wounded. The Federals claim
the victory, though their enemies did not retire till the
evening of the 18th.

1862 CLERMONT AND PUY-DE-d6mE. 279
October 5th. — Lady M, went to Knowsley, I started
to-day for Paris,
After staying a week at Paris, I left it for Nevers and
Moulins, wishing to see the centre of France, It is in
finitely preferable in every way to the old route by which
most Englishmen travel to Lyons, When once you reach
Auvergne nothing can be more picturesque than the country,
Moulins and Nevers have all the character of old French
towns, and when you arrive at Clermont you are en pleine
Auvergne. There are many ruined old castles perched upon
inaccessible places, and which, at times, belonged to great
feudal families, and at others to robbers, who had taken
possession of them during the absence of their masters in
the wars of the Middle Ages.' Clermont is a large town
without ornament or natural beauty, but very interesting
from its historical associations. Within a few miles is the
hiU on which stood the camp of Vercingetorix, who gave
Csfcsar more trouble than any of his enemies. On the moun
tains stood the great city of the Gauls, which he took after
repeated repulses. A large number of men are now ex
cavating and laying bare its remains by orders of the Em
peror, who is at this time writing a life of Julius Cresar, and
very much wrapped up in the subject. I drove here from
Clermont, and, curiously enough, a large eagle was soaring
over the hill during the whole time of my stay. From
Clermont I took a carriage to Mont d'Or, a distance of
forty or fifty miles through the wildest possible country.
I had visited the Puy-de-D6me, the highest of the volcanoes,
which were exhausted, probably, before the existence of
man, for there is no history, or even tradition, of their being
1 Vide Froissart.

280 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
active since his creation. On arriving at a sort of station-
house at the foot of the mountain, where the horses were to
rest, I heard a roar like that of a wild beast, and suddenly a
large donkey, which was feeding in the meadow, rushed at
full gallop at one of my horses, and fixed his teeth in his
neck. It recjuired several men to drive off this savage brute,
which had upset all the ideas I had formed of his race as
seen in England.
From this station-house I took a strong two-wheeled
cart, drawn by two powerful cart-horses, harnessed tandem,
up to the observatory at the top of the mountain. The
path was rough, narrow, zig-zag, and almost perpendicular,
with nothing between me and eternity if the horses chanced
to slip or the harness gave way. Whenever we came to a
turn in the road, the guide gave a flick to the horse in the
shafts to prevent his turning too short, the effect of which
was that the outside wheel was constantly almost over a
precipice of thousands of feet. At the observatory they keep
a magnificent breed of mastiffs, and received me hospitably
with a cup of coffee, which I was glad enough to get. The
wind is so violent at that height that it nearly carries even
those accustomed to it off their feet and over the precipice.
From there I had a magnificent panorama of the entire
country, showing its volcanic formation, and on descending
the other side of the mountain had an experience of the
force of the wind, which blew me and the guide flat on our
faces by a sudden gust, just on the edge of an extinct crater,
called the Nid de Poule, from its perfect shape, covered with
fine turf and extremely deep.
The country about Mont d'Or is very picturesque and
wooded, with a beautiful trout stream flowing under the
town. The inns, which are more like pensions than hotels.

1862 LIFE OF JULIUS C/ESAR. 281
are comfortable, with plenty of horses, both for carriages
and riding, at the service of visitors. I returned to Clermont,
and from there went to Lyons, and back to Paris by Geneva.
On my return to Paris I went on a visit to Chamarande, a
chateau given by the Emperor to Persigny, who has furnished
it with great taste and luxury. It is of Louis XIII. 's time,
and a very fine house, on the main road from Paris to
Lyons, near Etampes. The Emperor and Empress arrived
there at one o'clock ou the 27th, and returned late the same
night to St. Cloud. The time was passed in discussing a
substantial luncheon and dinner — served after the English
fashion — and in driving about the park, which is large and
picturesque, all rock and heather, like Fontainebleau. I
found the Emperor strong for the American Confederates,
and anxious to propose, together with England and Russia,
an armistice of six months to the combatants, during which
time the blockade should be raised. He thought that if
they could be muzzled for that time they would not begin
again. The position of the two armies is that of mutual
observation on the Potomac after the drawn battle of
Antietam. The Emperor did not enter upon politics with
me except on this question, but seemed much absorbed in
the internal improvements of France, asking me many
questions on the state of the provinces I had seen, and
seeming to think that his trade and commerce were capable
of enormous development. He was also much occupied with
the life of Julius Csesar, which he is writing, and told me that
in one of Caesar's camps in Auvergne a splendid silver vase
had been found, which could only have belonged to himself.
Persigny and others look upon this and discoveries of the
same sort as apocryphal, and say that his Majesty is per
petually victimised by those who know his hobby for Caesarian

282 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
relics, to the extent that one officer got three promotions
for successive trovers of the kind. He has, however, great
knowledge of this period of history, and his excavations in
the camp of Gergovia, which I saw, have laid bare the
foundations of a large Gaulish city still perfect. After din
ner, the Emperor, Morny, Persigny, Pietri, and I smoked
together. The conversation fell upon painters and pictures,
about which the Emperor professed complete ignorance, and,
indeed, showed it by confusing, in his usual unaffected and
natural manner, the names of the most famous. In the same
way he spoke of the great French naiional vice of vanity,
which would admit of no merit equal to their own in all
things, and the general mediocrity in every art, excepting
mechanics, physics, and chemistry. We then got upon
Home and spiritualism, which I saw he half believed in;
and as he had been speaking of the many doubtful pictures
in the Louvre, I suggested that it was desirable that Mr.
Home should call up Titian's spirit and ask him whether
he really painted the portrait of Francis I. which is in
that gallery. Morny and Pietri took advantage of this to
laugh at his belief, upon which he looked displeased, saying
that if we could explain all we believed our religion would
be a very easy task.
I returned to Paris in the Royal carriage — a large
omnibus — the party being M. and Madame de Morny, M. and
Madame Walewski, and the two ladies in waiting, one of
whom, Madame de Pierre, an American, nee Thorne, and the
Duchess de Morny, a Russian, just married, smoked all the
way in the Empress's face, notwithstanding her plain hints
against the proceeding. She is much too good-natured to
her entourage, but enhances her singular beauty by the most
natural gaiety and fascination of manner. The genre of the

1862 ENGLISH PRESS AND FRENCH ILMPEROR. 283
women about her, with the exception of Madame Walewska,
is vile. Their hair is dragged off their faces so tightly that
they can hardly shut their eyes, and their scarlet accoutre
ments, jackets, cloaks, &c., as they happen to be very fa,ir,
made an ensemble indescribably unbecoming.
I had a conversation of above an hour with the Empress
on politics, chiefly on the Roman question. Thouvenel had
just been dismissed as being too anti-Papal, and as leaning
to the abandonment of his Holiness, and Drouyn de I'Huys
has replaced him. The Empress did not, as I expected,
treat the subject as a devote, though she said that no scandal
could be greater than an exiled Pope with no foot of earth
belonging independently to himself, and that the honour of
France was engaged to protect him from being driven out
of Rome ; that, if he were, the Austrians would come to his
rescue, and France have no right to prevent it, as, by the
treaty of Ziirich with Austria, the Pope was to be main
tained; that the Italians should be satisfied, for the time,
with what they had got, and not attempt impossibilities, but
organise what they possessed ; that there was no such thing
in Italy as an organising mind or a man of business.' She
came to the charge about the English Press and its abuse
of the Emperor. This is a parti pris, and, I believe, only
meant to elicit a denial of our hostility. I had an easy
reply to her assertion that such a feeling existed, by remind
ing her of her own reception in England and Scotland two
years ago, when she was obliged to escape from the ovation
she met with. To this she succumbed, as she was evidently
' The Emperor came from the war much disgusted with the Italians,
and Cavour, who, with Prince Napoleon and other intrigants, were en
couraging Mazzini and the other Republicans to extend the theatre to Tus
cany and Rome, the JEmperor never intending to create an independent
kingdom on the side of France.

284 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
delighted with her journey to England. I went over with
her the old ground of my policy previous to the Italian war,
as I had done with the Emperor last year, and told her of
my having sent him a copy of my despatch to Prussia,
preventing that Government from joining Austria, and thus
localising the war. Neither Cowley nor Walewski had ever
told the Emperor this important fact, and last year I sent
the Emperor the copy privately by the Duke of Hamilton.
On arriving at Paris, Bacciocchi drove me home in his
carriage. Whilst at Chamarande I observed that Persigny
had got a complete record of the chateau and its antecedents,
going back for three centuries, and taken from the archives
of the small town adjoining. It is very remarkable how the
local history of these places has been preserved in France,
whilst in our minor towns no such records have been kept
to which the historian could refer. This may be explained
by the fact that there was no Protestant Reformation in
France, as in England, where the libraries and journals of
the monks were savagely destroyed by the Reformers.
J^Lord Derby to Lord M.
Knowsley : October 31, 1862.
My dear Malmesbury, — I have delayed answering or thanking
you for your very interesting letter from Geneva until the time
when you would probably be back in England ; and though I have
not heard of your arrival, I know that Lady Malmesbury expected
you about this time. In the first place I am sorry to say that our
attempt at a party for the 25th has been so much interfered with by
the rival attractions of Longleat and Wilton for the same week, that
we have reluctantly been obliged to put it off altogether; and
though you know that we should be glad to see you at any time, yet I
hope that it will not be inconvenient to you to revert to your origi
nal intention, and to come to us the following week, the first in
December, instead. It would be an additional pleasure to us to see

1862 MINISTERIAL COMPLICATIONS. 285
Lady Malmesbury with you ;¦ but I am afraid she wdl hardly ven
ture at that time of year.
I think John Russell is getting us into all sorts of complications ;
and that the state of Europe becomes more and more critical every
day. What on earth does he mean by turning round on Denmark,
and taking up all at once the Prussian views about the Duchies ?
And how will Palmerston stand it, the original author of the
Protocol which was the basis of the treaty of 1852 ? I cannot help
connecting with this afiair, and perhaps with a renewed misunder
standing arising out of it with his old friend and colleague, the
sudden and mysterious postponement of the Cabinet which was to
have been held a week ago ; and which seems to have been put off
sine die, so absolutely at the last moment, that the Ministers had all
come up to town for it, including the Duke of Argyll all the way
from Scotland ! It is evident, too, that we are on the point of a
quarrel with Russia, whose intrigues, I have no doubt, have led to
the revolution which has broken out in Greece ; though I should be
sorry to swear that our ubiquitous friend Louis Napoleon has not
thought that a little imbroglio in the East might serve to distract
attention from the difficulties and embarrassments of the Italian
question. The Greek affair, I am afraid, may be most formidable,
and altogether, with Prussia in a state of quasi-re volution, and with
the Italian, Greek, Montenegrin, Danish, and Polish questions all
in a ferment at once, I can hardly imagine a more unpleasant state
of foreign affairs. The American war, too, appears to be as far
from a solution as ever. In the meantime the distress here is
rapidly and fearfully augmenting, and we fulfy expect that by
Christmas there will be over 250,000 paupers in twenty-four unions !
They are already 186,000 against 43,000 last year. The prospects
for the winter, especially if it should be a severe one, are fearful ;
and, admirably as the people have behaved hitherto, it is impossible
to say what continued and aggravated suffering may lead them to.'
Ever yours sincerely, Deeby.

' This period of Lord Derby's life wUl redound for ever to his honour.
He devoted all his business-like quahties, his valuable time and great
fortune to the relief of his sufiering countrymen ; and it must also be added
that his noble and successful exertions were fully appreciated in all parts of
England.

286 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
November 2nd. — Arrived in London. During my absence
abroad the American Civil War had been raging continually
with various success. Some Englishmen made considerable
fortunes by running the blockade, many others lost all they
possessed by being captured. But this species of smuggling
induced many to invest money on the chance ; men who did
not appear on the surface employed adventurers to do the
work. November 14th. — Drouyn de I'Huys has written to Lord
Russell to propose a joint mediation to induce the Americans
to consent to a truce for six months. It is said there was a
stormy discussion in the Cabinet in consequence; the result,
a refusal to interfere at present, as the Americans would
decline the proposal.
November Wth. — Baron Gros is appointed Ambassador in
the place of M. de Flahault. I suspect he is only a stop
gap, and we shall have the Persignys later. The ' Times '
of to-day has a strong article against Lord Russell's de
spatch of September 24 relating to Denmark. It is a most
extraordinary and offensive one, giving advice upon subjects
of internal administration, in which we have no business to
meddle, and, in fact, re-opening the whole question of
Schleswig and Holstein, saying Holstein and Lauenburg
should have everything the German Confederation asks for
them. This restless and impotent meddling is peculiarly
ill-timed on the eve of the marriage of the Prince of Wales
with a Danish Princess.
November 20th. — Lord Russell wrote his despatch to
Mr. Paget ' some days before he left Gotha. Mr. Meade,
' Then Her Majesty's Minister at Copenhagen.

1862 GENERAL McCLELLAN DIS.MISSED. 287
who remained behind, telegraphed to the Foreign Office to
announce Lord Russell's departure in these words : ' Earl
Russell has skedaddled.' As the message was in cypher,
and such a word as ' skedaddle ' was unknown, they were
obliged to telegraph back to know what he meant. These
jokes might be extremely inconvenient.
Novemb&r 22ud. — News is arrived that General McClellan
is dismissed from the chief command of the Federal army.
He submitted quietly, professing respect for the constitu
tion, and retired to his own home.
November 24th. — Sir Henry Wolff has had a long con
versation with Lord Palmerston about the affairs of Greece.
He is anxious that Prince Alfred should accept the crown,
and that England should give up the Ionian Islands, the
Turks giving up Albania. I conclude that Wolff would get
compensation for losing his lucrative place there; Disraeli
has promised him a place if he would devote himself and his
pen to our party. He is fond of writing, and writes well.
Lord Derby to Lord M.
Knowsley : November 25, 1862.
My dear Malmesbury, — I quite agree in your view of the pro
posal, which I conclude will be made, and I fear will be accepted,
of placing Prince Alfred on the throne of Greece. It appears tome
the greatest possible blunder, whether we look at it in its imme
diate effects upon our relations with France and Russia, or at the
interests of the Prince himself, or at the complications which our
connection with such a throne and such a people must infallibly
produce. I wonder that the Queen should have given her consent ;
I am certain that the Prince never would have done so. If this step
be finally taken, I suppose it must be mentioned in the Queen's
Speech ; and if it be, it will be difBcult to avoid an amendment, and
impossible to join in an expression of congratulation.

288 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
I did not answer your former letter, partly because I thought
you would find some answer to your inquiries in a letter of mine to
Mr. Kingscote, which he published about the day you wrote ; and
partly because my time is so fully occupied in answers to similar
letters, and in other correspondence, and in attendance at Manches
ter. I shall be glad to talk over the subject with you next week ;
but with respect to the breakdown of the Poor Law, I will say, first,
that though no one rate of a high figure has been levied, there have
been two or three in the course of the year in some towns, which have
amounted in the whole to 7s. IQd. and lid. on the solvent property,
every new rate finding fewer people able to pay it ; and next, that the
pressure of a poor-rate which is levied on the occupiers is not to be
measured by the actual amount, but by the sudden increase on the
normal figure. The former is taken into account in settling rent,
and falls on real property ; the latter falls exclusively on the occu
piers, who in this case are themselves on the verge of pauperism.
Tou are quite right, however, when you say that the pressure would
have been comparatively light had the law of Elizabeth remained
unaltered, and personal as well as real property been liable ; as it is,
no increase of rates will reach the vast amount of realised wealth,
except that very small fraction of it which is invested in buildings
and machinery. I must say, however, that some of the mill-owners
have behaved nobly under great difficulties, some of them quite the
reverse ; but, as a class, they have done far more than the wealthy
bankers, merchants, brokers, and other speculators, some of whom
have made enormous sums in cotton, and whose contributions are
very much below what they ought to be. I hope our county meet
ing will catch some of them. Ever yours, Dekby.
November 30th. — I hear that Lord Russell has recanted
his Danish despatch, which confirms the suspicion that it
was written without the knowledge of Lord Palmerston.
X December 7i/i.. —Count Sabouroff, a young Russian, called
and told us that his valet was walking in Bond Street at
one o'clock this afternoon, when the streets were full of
people coming out of church, and he saw two men attack a

1861^ R)NIAN ISLANDS. 280
gentleman, rob him of his watch, and run away. They
were pursued, and one was caught.
December 8th.— We spent three days at Savernake, and
went thence to Highclere, where we were very kindly re
ceived. Lord Carnarvon and I talked about necromancy
and spiritualism. He told me that he had read a great
number of books upon the Black Art, and in some found
formulcB of so horrible a nature that they quite haunted him.
December Wth. — We drove over the park, which is four
teen miles in circumference, and the most beautiful I think
I ever saw — miles of green drives through, rhododendrons,
enormous beeches, and cedars in every direction. I never
was more delighted with any drive in England,
December Wth. — Sir Henry Wolff told me that he knew
from a good source the Government had decided to give up
the Ionian Islands to Greece if the Powers who signed the
Treaty of Vienna in 1815 consented.
Lord Derby to Lord M.
(Dictated hy Lord Derby.) December 23, 1862.
The cession of the Ionian Islands is decided upon. I learn this
positively this morning by a letter from Stanley, on the authority
of Cornewall Lewis, whom he met at Chevening. There is to be a
Congress to decide what is to be done with them. The cession in
cludes Corfu. I think the measure at any time one of very doubtful
policy, but the present moment appears to me singularly ill. chosen.
The islands were entrusted to our keeping as a maritime Power
which could, and would, keep down the system of piracy by which
those coasts have been so long infested, and the occupation gave us
a naval position highly important in case of a European war, as in
fluencing our hold upon the Adriatic and the Levant, and these are
considerations which ought not to have been lightly overlooked.
VOL. II. U

290 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1862
At the same time it is not to be denied that the occupation was
accompanied by considerable expense and some inconvenience,
that the Constitution was absolutely unworkable, and that the
Government was only carried on by a continual violation of its
spirit, even when there was adherence to its letter. Taking all this
into consideration, there might have been much to say in favour of
the cession, could they have been handed over to a Government
willing to accept the responsibility, firmly established, politically
and financially, and with sufiicient power and self-control to keep
an excitable people from insane schemes of aggression upon their
neighbours. But it strikes me as the height of folly to make a
gratuitous offer of cession, and to throw the islands at the head of
a nation in the very throes of Revolution, the form of whose govern
ment is yot undecided — much more so, the person of the sovereign,
if they are to have a sovereign — whose finances are bankrupt, whose
naval power is insignificant, and the first of whose political aspira
tions is accession of territory at the expense of a war with its most
powerful neighbour. I cannot conceive greater improvidence than
making the offer of the cession under such circumstances. If
accepted, while it will diminish our prestige in the East, it cannot
but lead to future and embarrassing complications ; and if from any
circumstances the cession should not be accepted, the offer will not
have added to our facilities for governing the islands. Tou will see
that generally I agree in the view which our papers have taken,
though I think they have been too sweeping in their condemnation
of the idea of cession at any time and under any circumstances. Tours truly, Deeby.

1863
January 30th. — The Federals have been repulsed with
great loss at Vicksburg; the army of the Potomac is
thoroughly demoralised, disgusted with their generals, in
whom they have no confidence, and mortified at their
defeats. February 9th. — The insurrection in Poland is increasing

1863 FRENCH IX'l'KKiUES IN ITAIA'. 21) I
every day, and in many places the Russians have been de
feated. The King of Prussia has sent a strong body of
troops to his frontier. The feud between him and his Par
liament grows more bitter every day, and neither side will
give way. It is a struggle between freedom and despotism,
the King attacking the Constitution by insisting that the
Parliament should have no control over the expenditure of
the army. Looking at the safety of the country, no doubt
he is right, and time will prove it.
My youngest brother is made Archdeacon of Wilts by
the Bishop of Salisbury, who has also given him the living
of Bremhill, the two together worth about 7001. a year ;
but it is a large parish, and he must keep two curates.
Mr. Charles Lever ' to Lord M.
Hotel d'Odessa, Spezia : February 16, 1863.
My dear Lord, — I am sincerely obliged by your Lordship's note
in acknowledgment of Barrington.
I am sure you are right in your estimate of Kinglake's book.*
Such diatribes are no more history than the Balaclava charge was
war. It was, however, his brief to make out the Crimean war a
French intrigue, and he obeyed the old legal maxim in a different
case — 'Abuse the plaintiff's attorney.'
Italy is something farther from union than a year ago. In deal
ing with the brigandage Piedmont has contrived to insult the feel
ings and outrage the prejudices of the South by wholesale
invectives against all things Neapolitan. French intrigues un
questionably help to keep up tho uncertainty which all Italians
feel as to the future, and the inadequacy of the men in power here
contributes to the same end. Indeed, what Kinglake says of the
' The novelist and Consul at Spezia.
" Alluding to his abuse of Louis Napoleon and charging him with
personal cowardice. No man could be less exposed to such an accusation. I
saw him jump off the bridge over the Rhone at Geneva when a youth, and
all men can feel what must have been his agonies when riding all day at the
Battle of Sedan with his deadly malady upon him.
n2

292 MEMOIRS OP AN EX-MINISTER. 186.3
English generals — questioning how the Great Duke would have
dealt with the matter before them — might be applied to Italian
statesmen as regards Cavour. They have not a shadow of a policy,
save in their guesses as to how he would have treated any question
before them. To get ' steerage way ' on the nation, Cavour had to
launch her into a revolution ; but if these people try the same ex
periment they are like to be shipwrecked.
It would be both a pride and a pleasure to me to send your
Lordship tidings occasionally of events here if you cared for it.
Meanwhile I am, with sincere respect, most faithfully yours,
Chaeles Leveb.
February Wth. — The Confederates have gained a naval
victory at Charleston. They sank two gun-boats and drove
off the rest.
February 20th, London. — We went to the Lyceum to
see ' The Duke's Motto,' translated from ' Le Bossu.' Fech
ter acts the part of Lagardere beautifully ; Miss Leclercq is
too fat and fair for the gipsy ; Miss Terry did Blanche de
Nevers very nicely, and like a lady.
February 27th. —Met Count Keilmansegge. He has to
attend the Prince of Wales's marriage. The invitations
are limited to the Garters and their wives, who must be
asked, the Corps Diplomatique, the Foreign Princes and
their suites, with the entire household of the Queen and
of the late Prince. The procession on the 7th is to pass
through London at a trot, which will disappoint the public,
who will hardly be able to see the Princess ; the Lord Mayor
is not to go, as his equipage and attendants are obliged to
walk, and had he headed the procession all the carriages
must have gone at a foot's pace. The Corporation met in
great indignation at this interference with their rights; so he
is to be permitted to head the procession as far as Temple Bar.

1863 THE PRINCESS OF WALES. 2 lb')
February 28t]i. — There was a Drawing Room held by
the Prmcess of Prussia.
March 6th. — The French are very sore at the refusal
of the American Government to accept their mediation,
and at the peremptory contradiction by Mr. Seward of M.
Mercier's despatch.
The insurrection in Poland is gaining strength, and the
French Emperor has written to the Czar advising him to
make concessions, ' and to give to Poland large and serious
guarantees in conformity with treaties and with the prin
ciples of civilisation.' But it is not likely that France will
assist Poland by arms, as that would interfere with their
policy with respect to Turkey, which is founded on an entente
cordiale with Russia.
March 7th. — We went to Lord Willoughby's house at a
quarter before one to see the entry of the Princess. The
houses along Piccadilly were decorated, with few exceptions,
but I saw nothing really pretty except Lord Willoughby's
and Lord Cadogan's. There were a good many people in the
drawing-room. It was the coldest day we have had for a
long time ; no sun, with occasional showers, and we were
half frozen standing on the balconies. The Duke of Cam
bridge rode by two or three times with his staff, and was
greatly cheered. Lord Ranelagh passed at the head of his
brigade of Volunteers. Then appeared the royal carriages;
and I was never more surprised and disappointed. The first
five contained the suite and brothers and sisters of the Prin
cess Alexandra ; the carriages looked old and shabby, and
the horses very poor, with no trappings, not even rosettes,
and no outriders. In short, the shabbiness of the whole
cortege was beyond anything one could imagine, everybody

294 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
asking, ' Who is the Master of the Horse ?' The Princess
kept bowing right and left very gracefully. The moment
the procession had passed, the crowd dispersed, but there were
universal remarks and compliments on the Princess's beauty.
March 8th. — I saw Lord Derby to-day ; he is still con
fined to his bed, and looks very ill. He says that the Queen
has invited the Disraelis to the wedding. I hear that on the
arrival of the Prince and Princess at Slough the horses of
the first carriage jibbed, and the leaders of the second turned
right round upon the wheelers, the harness got entangled,
and the confusion was very great. Altogether, everything
done by the Court authorities was bad, and the management
of the City no less so. All offers of assistance were refused ;
both the Duke of Cambridge's of cavalry and Sir Richard
Mayne's of police to keep the line in the City were declined,
and the result was that the streets were quite blocked up,
and if it had not been for the good temper of the people
some terrible catastrophe must have occurred. As it was,
there was great danger opposite the Mansion House, and the
Danes were very much frightened ; the Prince of Wales, on
his side, showing great coolness. To make up for these de
ficiencies, those who were present say that nothing could
exceed the splendour of the scene in St. George's Chapel.
The foreigners were all much struck with it ; it was so grand
as to be quite overpowering. Mr. Paget confirmed all I had
heard of the confusion on the departure of the special train
for London. The Duchess of Westminster, who had on half
a million's worth of diamonds, could only find place in a
third-class carriage, and Lady Palmerston was equally
unfortunate. Count Lavradio had his diamond star torn
off and stolen by the roughs.

1863 THE wi-;dding. 295
March 13i/i.— Second reading of Mr, Adderley's Security
from Violence Bill passed by a majority of 131 to 68, in
spite of the opposition of Sir George Grey, who objected to
garotters being flogged, saying that some were too delicate
to undergo the punishment, to which some one replied that
if a man was strong enough to rush out like a tiger and
strangle another man, he was strong enough to bear a
flogging. March 20th. — We went to a party at St. James's Palace,
and arrived in time to see the entry of the Prince and
Princess of Wales, but it struck me as very melancholy,
when one considered the cause of the Queen's absence.
March 22nd. — News from Poland is bad for the Poles. A
battle has taken place. The insurgents under the Dictator,
Langiewicz, were defeated after a desperate fight, and gave
themselves up to the Austrian hussars, who conducted them
to Turnau. March 25th. — I went to Windsor Castle and returned
next day. The Queen was quite calm and even cheerful, and
looks well, but she complains of not feeling strong and being
unable to stand much.
The Prince of Wales asked me to smoke with him. Lord
Sydney, and two other men, and we sat up till nearly two in
the morning.

I went through Paris to Bordeaux on March 28, and
was charmed with the appearance of the town, which gives
one a perfect idea of a combination of business and pleasure.

296 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
The quays remind one much of Holland — a great activity of
commerce and a perpetual noise of voices in every language ;
but, away from the shipping, the streets are ornamental and
the shops handsome and luxurious. The dwellings of the
great wine merchants seem to lie in a district of their own,
and are not distinguishable by any advertisements or ostenta
tious names. The hotels are all so good that one can hardly
choose between them, and the best claret is to be had in them
without putting any pressure on the waiters. There is a
magnificent equestrian statue of the Emperor in the principal
square, and it was here that he proclaimed his dictum,
' L'Empire, c'est la paix,' which reassured Europe for a time,
but was before long proved to be a convenient phrase only.
In an old tower which stands by itself there is one of
the most horrible sights I ever beheld. Descending into a
dungeon, you find a collection, not of skeletons, but of
shrivelled mummies, for the skin and flesh are still on their
bones, and they stand in a ring with every diabolical con
tortion of pain and rage in their faces. There are two
stories respecting these dreadful remains — one is, that they
were a whole family poisoned by mushrooms, whose death
agonies were so terrible that they stiffened into the con
tortions I have described, and that, being afterwards buried
without cofBns in a peat soil, they were preserved in this
horrible state ; the second story is that they had been left
to perish in the dungeon. I heard that the Emperor had
given positive orders for them to be removed and buried,
being much disgusted at the ghastly spectacle.
From Bordeaux I went to Bayoniie and Biarritz, crossed
the Bidassoa, and went as far as St. Sebastian. This country
is full of associations, especially to an Englishman, for here
the most desperate fighting took place between us and the

1863

THE CASTLE OF THE GR.\MONTS. 297

French in 1813, and between the river and Fuentarrabia the
Paladms of Charlemagne fought and fell to a man. Return
ing on my steps, I w^ent to Tarbes, and on my way visited
the feudal castle of the Gramonts, Bidache, or rather its
ruins. In the days of the famous Corisande it had as many
windows as there are days in the year, but with the ex
ception of a stable newly built on a large scale, and appa
rently useless, there is little to be seen. An old church in
the village contains some of their family monuments. Tarbes
has a good inn, and is famous for its horses.
From Tarbes I proceeded leisurely to Toulouse. I never
saw so vile a pavement as in this great city, composed as
it is of sharp flints. A cicerone showed me over the field of
battle, on which our Duke and Marshal Soult were engaged,
and where the Spaniards suffered so terribly. Proceeding
by the railway, I stopped a day at Carcassonne, an ancient
city, so famous for the desperate fighting of the Albigeois
and the deeds of Simon de Montfort. The Emperor has had
the city and fortifications restored exactly to the state they
were in at that time; the streets are just wide enough for a
cart to pass, and the towers and battlements are what they
were in the thirteenth century. In every part of France he
is making archseological restorations, and his active mind
seems as much interested in this pursuit as it is in politics ;
but, as far as I can observe, the French do not appreciate his
efforts as they deserve. From Carcassonne I went to Mont-
pellier, which, to our ancestors, was what Cannes is now to
us — namely, an asylum from the English climate. Whilst I
was there, the weather was anything but genial, and I
returned to London on May 10.
May 27th. — News has arrived from America of the death

298 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
of Stonewall Jackson. He was wounded in the battle of
May 2 ; one ball striking him in the left arm near the
shoulder, and another in the right hand, ^he arm was
amputated, but he died on the 9th. The most melancholy
part of it is that his death was the result of accident, his
own men, who would have died for him, having shot him in
a wood by mistake. This event will, I think, have a fatal
effect on the prospects of the Confederates, for he was
idolized by the whole army, who would have followed him
anywhere, in full confidence that he was leading them to
victory. He was only thirty-eight years of age.
June 4th. — Mr. Soames' bill to shut up public-houses on
Sundays was rejected by 278 to 103.
June 7 th.— All the elections in Paris have gone against
the Government, showing strong feeling either against the
Emperor or Persigny. The Opposition now number from
twenty-five to thirty instead of five, and are almost all Red
Republicans. June Wth. — I spoke on the Brazilian question and on the
conduct of Mr. Christy.' Lord Russell replied, but less well
than usual, and the Government, seeing they were getting
the worst of the debate after Lord Chelmsford's speech, and
fearing that Lord Derby would get up, gave orders to their
men not to answer Lord Chelmsford, and the debate was
adjourned. June 20th. — The French have taken Puebla, and are ad
vancing upon Mexico.
' Mr. Christy, who had been a Liberal M.P., was made by Lord
Palmerston Minister at Brazil, where his acts and language were very high
handed.

1863 JIARIO. 299
June 22nd. — I went to the Duchess of Buccleuch's ball,
where the Princess of Wales was asked, and had dined.
June 23rd. — Went to Mrs. Rose's concert. Mario sang at
the Opera, and did not come till late. I asked him what he
thought of Titieus' ' Marguerite,' and he said : ' Elle chante
bien, mais elle est trop grosse ; elle ferait trois Marguerites.'
He also said that the pitch at the Opera in England is three-
quarters of a tone higher than abroad. The French pitch
has been lowered, but Costa ' will not change his, as it is more
brilliant for the instruments ; but it is very hard upon the
singers, the more so as the modern operas are written ex
tremely high, and if they have to sing three-quarters of a
tone higher than the composer intended, it must be a terrible
strain upon their voices.
July 1st, — We went to the Mansion House, where we were
invited to a great dinner to meet Lord Derby. Almost all
the principal members of the Conservative party were present,
and it was a brilliant scene, though very long. Lord Derby's
speech was extremely good, statesmanlike, and moderate,
but giving no hope of his soon being in oflSce.
July 5th. — Several people called, who told me that the
scene in the House of Commons when the division took place
on the vote for the purchase of the Exhibition building was
extraordinary. Sir Stafford Northcote's speech was the sig
nal for a storm, and he was forced to sit down. Disraeli had
canvassed his supporters, telling them that he had a letter in
his pocket from the Queen. This had a disastrous effect, and
^ Sir Michael Costa died in 1884. I was at Naples when he left it in
1829 for England, with nothing but his talent for music to trust to. He
became a general favourite in society as well as at the Opera, which he led
for many years.

300 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
when he got up the hooting was so terrific that he could not
be heard. Gladstone's speech had already excited great
indignation, for it showed how completely the Government
had deceived the House when Lord Palmerston had induced
them to vote for the purchase of the land, leaving them
under the delusion that the contractors for the Exhibition
were bound to remove the building if it was not sold within
a certain time. Gladstone had told them that there was no
engagement of the sort, and that he believed they were not
obliged to remove it at all. This, whether true or not, was
taken as a menace to force them to buy the building, and
infuriated the House of Commons the more, as Lord Elcho
proved that the purchase would be a most disadvantageous
one, entailing an enormous expense. So the House rose en
masse, and, after a scene of the utmost confusion and excite
ment, defeated the Government by more than two to one ;
Gladstone and Disraeli looking equally angry.
July Wth. — We are deeply grieved to hear that our old
friend, the Duke of Hamilton, has had a most serious accident.
He left London last Friday, and dined that evening at a cafe
in Paris with Mr. Henry Howard. On coming out at one
o'clock in the morning he fell down the stairs, and was
picked up senseless. I fear it will prove fatal.
July Wth. — We dined with the Chesterfields, where we
heard of the Duke of Hamilton's death. It appears that he
never rallied, except for a few minutes after the arteries of
the temples had been opened, and he relapsed into a state of
insensibility until his death. The Empress Eugenie was very
kind, and remained with him until the arrival of the Duchess,
who was at Baden.

1863 SURRENDER 01? VICKSBURG. 301
We went to the Duchess of Wellington's concert.
A drawn battle has been fought between the armies of
Lee and Meade. It began on July 1 and continued till
the 3rd.
July Wth. — The Duchess of Hamilton and her daughter
are gone to St. Cloud for the present. The sons remain in
Paris, and accompany the body to Glasgow, where it is to be
transported in a French man-of-war.
July 21st. — At Greenwich at the dinner which Lord
Redesdale gives every year to the House of Lords,
July 26th. — News from America states that Vicksburg
surrendered on July 4 unconditionally ; the garrison, amount
ing to 31,000 men, having been paroled, Lee has retreated
safely across the Potomac with all his artillery and the
booty he took in Maryland. He has certainly lost prestige
by the ill-success of his expedition.

August 1, Heron Court. — I went to London on my way
to Dover, where Lord Willoughby d'Eresby's yacht was
lying. He has been so kind as to lend her to me for the
season. She is a very large lugger, built by himself, I
went over to Boulogne in her with Lord Ranelagh and Colonel
Knox, and, on my return to Calais, sent her to meet me at
Cowes ; but when I arrived there I found she had lost her
foremast, being commanded by a very incompetent man.
Lord Willoughby used her principally for fishing in Torbay,
but she was a very bad sailer, being unable either to tack
or to wear. I took her down Channel to the westward, to
Torquay. To manage her sails properly she would require

302 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
thirty men, and I had only sixteen. Her mainsail had a
thousand yards of canvas, and altogether I consider her a
very unsafe vessel, though perfectly fit for fishing.
August llth. — I returned to London and went to Lowther
Castle, where there was an agreeable party. We went to
Horswater, a most beautiful lake enclosed in hills; we
netted it and caught a number of char.
Mr. Disraeli to Lord M.
Hughenden Manor : August 22, 1863.
My dear Malmesbury, — The Carlton and the Conservative Clubs
are overflowing, and years must elapse before some men can enter
them. They are also very exclusive. The Carlton rarely admits
professional persons, and the Conservative only an insufficient
percentage. Taylor impresses on me the absolute necessity of a Junior Con
servative, which shall be a central point for those country attorneys
and land agents, &c., who are winning, and are to win, our elec
tions. He thinks that it will powerfully organise and encourage
our friends.
But there must be no mistake about the politics, and ho wants,
for trustees. Lord Derby, Lord Malmesbury, Mr. Disraeli, Lord
Colville, Col. Taylor.
I have, at his suggestion, communicated with Lord Derby, who
is favourable to the suggestion, if no liability is incurred by the
trustees. This of course must be a sine qua non.
What do you say to it ? Tours sincerely, D.
September 10th, Heron Court. — The Due de Gramont
arrived from Folkestone in time for dinner. He is obliged
to be at Vienna in six days. He had not seen Lady Tanker
ville, his aunt, for eleven years, and was anxious to do so.
He told me it was very probable he might some day come
as ambassador to England, but not whilst Lord Palmerston
is Minister ; for, besides that he could not get on with a

1863 CONFEDERATE SUCCESS. .)(),')
Whig Government, he and d'Azeglio are not friends, and as
long as Palmerston is Premier d'Azeglio is all-powerful.
September Wth. — We went to Longleat, where I was laid
up for two days with gout.
October 5th. — The news from America is that the Con
federates under General Bragg, who had been reinforced by
Generals Lee, Johnstone, and Beauregard, defeated General
Rosenkranz after two days' severe fighting. The Confederates
took above 2,000 prisoners and twenty guns.

On October 5 I left for Paris and thence started on a
journey to Tours and down the Loire. After again visiting
Chenonceaux and some other castles on the river, I stopped
at Saumur, a town that is a cheval on this glorious stream.
I went to see the old feudal tower of Monsereau, which was
seized during the Revolution of 1789 by the populace and
has been held by them ever since ; there must be at least a
dozen families inhabiting its ancient halls. I proceeded
thence to the famous Abbey of Fontevrault, which is now a
prison, but used to be a convent for ladies of the highest rank
in France. In visiting the vaults I found the recumbent
efSgies, dressed in their royal robes, of our Henry II, and
his wife, Eleanor of Guienne ; their son, Richard Cceur-de-
Lion ; and Isabel d'Angouleme, widow of King John, The
Republicans of the last century, who wished to destroy them,
were prevented by some priests, who hid them away. They
are very fine specimens of the work of that time, Henry
and his son Richard are both of gigantic proportions, the
latter being six feet six. It struck me as so sad a thing

304 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
to see these statues of the great Plantagenets cast away
in the cellars of a French prison that I wrote to Persigny
to entreat him to urge the Emperor from me to give them
up to England, that they might be placed in Westminster
Abbey, His answer to me for some reason miscarried, but
when I did receive it, it regretted that at the present time the
English and French Governments were not on a footing of
cordiality, and that it was not a favourable moment for an
interchange of compliments ; but that if our Party came in
again the Emperor would remember my request and would
accede to it.' At this time Lord John Russell had expressed
his disagreement with the Emperor on the subject of the
Danish war and his wishes to have a European Conference
in so rough a style that his despatches had created consider
able animosity. I do not blame his disagreements, but the
language in which he expressed them. The consequence
was that I failed in my attempt to rescue these statues.
I went on from Saumur to Nantes, which is a fine and rich
town, and famous, or rather infamous, for the ' Republican
Marriages' and other horrors committed by the notorious
Carrier. I then went on to St. Nazaire, a new town at the
mouth of the Loire. On entering the public room of the
inn T found about a dozen French officers at supper, bound
for Mexico, in high spirits at going there. After returning
to Nantes I went to see the famous Chateau de Clisson,
where the Vendeans in 1793 gained a great victory over
the Republican troops, and were afterwards defeated, the
' In 1866, when Lord Derby was Premier for the third time he was
informed by the Emperor that he would keep his promise if Lord Derby
insisted upon it, but that when he signihed his intention of doing so and
ordered the removal of the effigies, the people of the district, although they
had never taken any interest in them, showed so violent, an opposition that
he hoped Lord Derby would release him, which was done.

1863 ENGLISH ROYAL EFFIGIES. 305
prisoners taken alive being thrown down a well, on the site
of which a fine spruce fir is now growing. It reminded rae
of Cawnpore, with its sinister associations.

From Lord ilalmesbury to Count Persigny.
Saumur : le 12 ootobre 1863.
Mon cher Persigny, — Vous savez que durant mon veuvage
politique je me plais souvent a pareourir la France. Cela vous ex-
pliquera pourquoi je vous ecris d'une ville que personno ne visite
que des commis-voyageurs, et qui cependant le merite excessivement.
Je m'adresse a vous pour vous faire une demande qui peut-etre ne
serait guere justifiee si nous n'etions do si anciens amis, et que je no
fus certain que vous en apprecieriez le motif. Maintenant au fait.
J'ai ete voir Fontevrault, cette ancienne abbaye si celebre, et qui
aujourd'hui (comme vous le savez), au lieu de contenir de belles et
nobles nonnes, renferme un millier de scelerats de toutes les
couleurs. La, dans le coin obscur d'un caveau en mine sont re-
leguees — prohpudor ! — les statues de Henri II. et de son fils Richard
Coeur-de-Lion, avec celles de leurs reines. C'est tout ce qui reste
de ces grands rois d' Angleterre, dont les barbares de 1789 ont brise
et viole les tombes et disperse les cendres. Ainsi, negligees, ex-
ploitees par un gardien de detenus, vues de presque personno dans
leur position actuelle, ces effigies me semblent interesser pen la
France et etre malbeureusement inconnnes et perdues pour
I'Angleterre. Croyez-vous que, si I'Empereur etait informe de ces circon-
stances, il agirait avec sa generosite babituelle, et rendrait ces
derniers souvenirs de la grande race des Plantagenets a West
minster Abbey oil gisent leurs a'ieux et leur posterite ? Mais, si
toutefois S.M. pensait autrement, ne donnerait-il pas au rival et au
compagnon d'armes de Philippe-Auguste un coin plus digne de
cette large France dont jadis le ' Cceur de Lion ' possedait le quart ?
Si, mon cher Persigny, ma reclamation vous jjarait inconvenante
ou mal imaginee, je me fie a votre amitie de ne pas en parler a
sa Majeste, et de regarder cette lettre comme non- avenue. Je ne
I'aurais ecrite a personne que vous. Mille amities, Malmesbuet.
November 1st. — The monster balloon at Paris has come
VOL. 11. X

306 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
to grief, and M. and Madame Nadard are much hurt. The
anchors would not hold, and the balloon dragged along the
ground for several leagues, knocking over trees and doing
much damage. It was finally stopped near Neuburg, and
the passengers taken to Hanover.
The accounts from Prussia are very bad for the King.
The elections are going on unfortunately for his Govern
ment, being more Liberal even than the last, and he has not
the resource of another dissolution of the Chambers, as this
is the third within the year ; but he is apparently determined
to have an army formed according to his own ideas.
The papers mention that the large ironclad steamer, the
' Prince Consort,' which was sent to Liverpool to prevent
the two rams built by Mr. Laird from leaving for America,
encountered the gale of last Friday in the Irish Channel,
and put into Kingstown almost in a sinking state. She
sprang a leak and had seven feet of water in her hold.
Nothing but the most arduous exertions on the part of her
ofiicers and crew could keep her from going down.
November 4th. — I met Lord Palmerston in the train at
Bishopstoke, where he was waiting for the Portsmouth train.
He was much annoyed at the loss of his trees at Broadlands
in the late storms. I lost many of mine, some elms as old
as the time of Henry VIII.
November 7th. — The English papers consider the Emperor
Napoleon's speech very pacific, but I cannot view it in that
light, for though he declares he has no intention of going to
war in support of the Poles at present, he calls upon the
sovereigns of Europe to appoint a congress for the discussion
of the Polish question and the settlement of others affecting
the nationalities ; adding, that the treaties of 1815 are at

1803 PROPOSED CONGRESS. 307
an end, and that if the Great Powers refuse the Congress,
there must eventually be war. The Paris papers look upon
this speech as threatening, and the Funds went down in
consequence. November 12th. — The Duke of Somerset, who dined with
us, said that the ironclad steamer 'Prince Consort,' which
was in such danger in the late storm in the Irish Channel,
did not spring a leak as was supposed, but was nearly sunk
by her own crew, who pumped the water in instead of pump
ing it out. The Emperor Napoleon has written a circular
to all the sovereigns of Europe inviting them to a congress
at Paris to settle the affairs of Europe. As he says in his
speech in opening Parliament that the treaties of 1815 have
ceased to exist, and he talks of sacrifices to be made for
the public good, I suspect there will be great disinclination
to respond to the summons which he has also sent in an
offensive and dictatorial manner. Victor Emanuel tele
graphed his acceptance at once, showing that he expects to
gain by the new distribution of Europe. Probably England
would be required to give up Gibraltar.
November Wth. — The King of Denmark is dead, and
Prince Christian succeeds him.
November 24th. — ^We went to Blenheim, which well de
serves to be called a palace. It has been fitted up almost
entirely by the Duke and Duchess, and does great credit to
their taste ; in fact, it has all the magnificence of a palace
and all the comforts of a small house. We dined in the
saloon, a very handsome room, and after dinner the tapestry
rooms were opened and we sat there, as they join the library, x2

308 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1863
where the ball was to take place. The ball-room is 180 feet
long and very high. The pleasure grounds, which are very
beautiful, slope down to the edge of the lake on one side,
and on the opposite shore a hill, covered with wood, rises
from the water. It must be a perfect Paradise in summer.
)\ November 29th, Heron Court. — Mr. Seymour Fitzgerald
arrived from Paris, where he says the refusal of our Govern
ment to attend the congress proposed by Napoleon, and
especially the rude tone of Lord Russell's despatch, has
created great irritation. The correspondence between the
English and French Governments respecting the congress is
published in to-day's papers. Lord Russell's despatch is
published in the ' Gazette,' and I am not surprised that the
French are angry, for not only is it very rude, but it was
sent without the least delay, and published in the ' Times '
before it was delivered to Drouyn de I'Huys !
December 5th. — I returned from Windsor. The Queen
sent for me before dinner and spoke of the Danish question ;
though she is annoyed about it, she told me that it was not
my fault, that I could not do otherwise than sign the treaty
of 1852, which had been drawn up by Palmerston.
December 7th. — Sir Augustus Paget has written to say he
cannot leave Copenhagen in the present state of affairs.
Austria and Prussia threaten a Federal execution, and the
King of Denmark has withdrawn the patent giving a joint
Constitution to Holstein, which was the great cause of
offence, as it incorporated Holstein with Denmark. Schleswig
has offered 35,000 men to Denmark if the Federal troops
cross the Eider and if they enter Schleswig.

1863 ACCOUCHEMENT OF PRINCESS OF WALES. 309
Decemh&r 8th. — Lord Henry Lenno.x and the Marclieso
Fortunate called, with the news that the Confederates had
been totally routed by General Grant at Look-out Mountain,
General Braggs having been defeated with the loss of sixty
cannon. December 31st. — The Federal troops have entered Holstein
and been received with acclamation.

1864
January 9th. — The Princess of Wales has been safely
confined — a prince. The event was not expected till March,
and as it was intended to take place at Marlborough
House, no preparations had been made at Frogmore. There
was no nurse, no baby linen, and no doctor, except Mr,
Brown, the Windsor physician, who attended her, and
brought the child into the world, for which, it is said, he will
be made a knight and receive 500Z. Lady Macclesfield
was fortunately in waiting, and as she has had a great
many children, she was probably of use. Lord Granville
was the only Minister in attendance, having come to dine
with the Prince, and there was not time to summon the
others, as the Princess was not ill more than three hours.
She had been to see the skating, and did not return to
Frogmore till four o'clock, soon after which she was taken ill,
I saw Disraeli, who called to-day, and wanted to talk to
me upon political arrangements to be made, should our party
come in. He quite scouted the idea of being Foreign
Minister himself, as he has no intention of giving up the
leadership of the House of Commons ; he said it would be

310 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1864
quite impossible to do the work of both,' and that Lord
Palmerston, when he was Foreign Secretary, hardly ever
appeared in the House of Commons,
Lord Derby to Lord M.

\

Knowsley : January 10, 1864.
My dear Malmesbury,-^I need not tell you bow sincerely sorry
I am to hear your report of yourself, and how anxiously I hope that
Bence Jones may be able to set you right, even in a shorter time
than you seem to anticipate. Private and public feelings are in
this case in entire accordance ; for I do not know what I should do
in the House of Lords, and still less if there were to be a change of
Government, if you were not in a condition to give me your assist
ance. We have too few good men capable of holding office, and
especially connected with foreign affairs, to be able to spare one.
Stanley has a contempt for the arts of diplomacy, and an intense
dislike to be involved in any foreign aiFairs. ... In short, if
we are doomed to come in, I must have you again. So get well as
fast as you can. Vitzthum has sent me, confidentially, his and
Beust's correspondence with John Russell ; the latter, as usual, effu
sive in tone, but, as I have not concealed from Vitzthum, having
the best of the argument. I have given him my opinion very
plainly, and expressed an anxious hope, in the interests of Germany,
that war may yet be avoided. But I fear that with the Germans
just now passion is too strong for reason ; and Austria and Prussia
are so mutually afraid of each other gaining the ascendency in that
pestilent body, the Diet, that they will both be driven to be the
slaves of the minor States. Austria, however, can hardly engage
in a crusade for 'Nationalities,' nor Prussia for 'Constitutional
Rights.' I quite agree with you that if we had taken a firm tone
at once, there would have been no invasion of Schleswig ; and every
thing else was capable of adjustment. Now, if there be such an
invasion, war is declared, and we shall have placed Denmark m a
very disadvantageous position, having abandoned Holstein at our
suggestion. Ever yours sincerely, Dekbt.
' This is quite true, and I found what Lord Palmerston told me was
correct, namely, that the average work of the Foreign Office took him ten
hours of the twentj'-four.

1864 l.'EPLY AS TO EPKKUKS. 311
P.S. — Do yon know, or can you find out, whctluT tho Emperor
gave our Government iiny hint as to his intention to propose a
Congress, before he made his public announcement ? If ho did not,
it does not look like very cordial feelings, and, I must add, he laid
himself open to the rebuft' he met with. That, however, is no
sufficient vindication of our liruifquerie. D.
From Count Persigny to Lord M.
Paris : le 12 Janvier 1864.
Mon cher Mfilniesbury, — La poste me renvoie aujourd'hui une
lettre que je vous ecrivis il y a deux niois. Un singulier accident
parait avoir cause cette mesaventure. Soit que I'encre fut mauvaise
ou qu'un acide tombe sur I'enveloppe en ait alt6r6 laqualite, il a ete
impossible de lire I'adrcsse : elle etait presque completement effacee.
II n'y avait rien de bien important dans cette lettre. Je vous
disais que j'avais soumis a I'Empereur la question archeologique
que vous soumettez au sujet du tombeau de Richard Coeur-de-Lion
et de son pere, et du desir que vous exprimez. L'Empereur en
principe etait favorable a I'idee de donner ce monument a I'Angle
terre ; mais a cause des contretemps diplomatiques qui embrouillaient
un pen nos relations, il desirait ajourner cette petite affaire. Je
reste, quant h, moi, charge de votre commission, et des que je verrai
le moment favorable de renouveler la demarche, je le ferai aveo le
grand desir, et, du reste, la presque certitude de reussir.
Mille amities devouees. Pkksigny.
January Wth. — The Austrians and Prussians have de
cided upon entering Schleswig should the King of Denmark
not revoke the Constitution of November 18. Their envoys
presented a note to that effect on the 16th, and, ou the
refusal of the King, left Copenhagen on the 18th,
George B. Mathew,^ Esq., C.B., to Lord M.
San Jos5, Costa Kica : January 20, 1864.
Dear Lord Malmesbury, — I took the liberty of sending to your
address one of the famed ' quezals,' whose plumage under the
' H.M. Charge d'Afikires at Costa Rica, and a very able man.

312 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1864
Aztec Emperor was reserved for Imperial wear ; bnt I have been so
unlucky in my attempts to send any sort of parcel to England, that
I delayed to write until I heard of their safe arrival there. Guate
mala can boast of no other curiosities, and indeed of nothing else
save cochineal ; but I trust you will deem the birds deserving a place
on your hall table, from their former fame.
My stay in these wretched Republics is drawing to a close, as
our objects are, tant bien que mal, carried out, and though I have,
inevitably, incurred animosities in some quarters, I venture to hope
that I have done some good, and have further established, by an
impartial course, and by a frank avowal of my opinions, the prestige
that should attend an English Minister in these half-civilised
countries. Lord Russell has been good enough to give me the C.B.,
and though some of my friends think I might have expected it (m
my return from Mexico, and the higher grade now, I feel that any
mark of approval from a Minister who may not view with partiality
my political opinions and antecedents is very acceptable and
gratifying. For the last two years Mexican affairs have had a leading influ
ence in some of these Republics, and a dream of a French Pro
tectorate, or, at least, of annexation to an Ultra- Catholic Empire in
Mexico (nurtured by the unwise and indecent partizanship of the
French Charge d'Afiaires), induced Guatemala and her paid ally,
Nicaragua, to enter upon the late sanguinary war with Salvador
and Honduras. The clerical party, who hold despotic sway in
Guatemala, through the hands of a debauched Indian savage, have
succeeded in overthrowing in the two neighbouring States adminis
trations that had alarmed them by their union and constitutional
tendencies, and had offended them by so-termed ' impious ' acts of
placing the clergy on a level with others before the ordinary tri
bunals. Some of the members have been murdered in cold blood,
and others, including Barrios, the late President of Salvador, have
saved their lives by escaping from the country. Assuredly, the
rule of France or of any other Power would therefore be a blessing
to humanity, and a great boon to civilisation and commerce; but
M. de Cabarras, in following the precise footsteps of M. Dubois de
Saligny, takes the least effectual and the least creditable way of
popularising the idea. To describe the utmost excesses of arbitrary
despotism, murder, plunder, and an utter absence of justice, as the
rnlo of ' religion, law, and order,' and to accuse those who do not

1864 MEXICAN AFP.VIRS. 313
concur in this conclusion of being imbued with revolutionary ideas,
is unpen fort, and is not, I think, likely to achieve the object in view.
I am really glad to gather from the papers that the Emperor
has found out at last tho real value of M. Dubois' statements.
They have cost France dear ; but even now, if tho laws of Fraoco as
to religious as well as civil matters are declared in force, and if
such men as Miramon, Murquez, and others, who, when bought by
the clergy, were wholly without any party in the nation, and dis
graced their cause by their atrocities, are sent for a time out of the
country, an agreement with the National Party in Mexico would be
facile. Indeed I feel sure, from my influence with the honest,
kind-hearted, but obstinate and ill-informed Juarez, that on such
terms I could ensure his submission, which, once declared, would be
permanent. Bnt I suffered so much from the rarefied atmosphere
— being, indeed, threatened with an attack of the same nature as
that which has just carried off one of my earliest and best friends,
poor Elgin — that I should be very loth to return to Mexico save for
a brief visit. All Europe may be interested in the occupation of
Mexico by France, whether as an empire or as a protectorate, for it
may serve better than Algiers as an outlet for hot blood ; but if
peace be long delayed we shall see the unscrupulous Government
of Washington pouring into the North their disbanded and home-
loss soldiers.
The horizon seems as much clouded in Europe as on this side
of the Atlantic. It struck me long ago that it would be wise to
tempt the Duke of Augustenburg with Greece !
No man can read the horrors perpetrated in Poland without in
dignation. I know no kindlier man than the Emperor Alexander,
with whom I was once on very friendly terms at Rome; but there
is much irritable weakness in his character, and he needs the influ
ence of good men to counteract the bad about him. The savage
hatred felt towards all Poles by the older men in the Russian
nobililiy is as unaccountable as it is deep. At all events, Russia can
no longer quote trtaties in Greece or' in the East: 'Quis tulerit
Gracchos de seditione querentes ? '
Very faithfully yours, Geoege B. Mathew.
January 24th. — I have been very ill for the last month,
and living upon opiates. Lord Derby came to see me to
day, and gave me an outline of his intended speech at the

314 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 18G4
meeting of Parliament, which is, of course, an attack upon
Lord Russell's foreign policy. He and Lady Derby are
going to Osborne next Thursday, He is decidedly Danish,
January 25th. — Mr. Bentinck called to tell me that the
Austrians and Prussians have refused the request of the
Danish Government for delay to enable their Parliament to
meet and deliberate upon the withdrawal of the Constitution
for Schleswig, and intend to invade the province directly.
January 27th. — The ' Standard ' of this morning contains
an article, which was sent by Brunnow, saying that at the
Cabinet held last Monday Ministers arrived at a very grave
decision respecting the Dano-German conflict — that that
decision had been submitted by Lord Russell to Her Majesty,
and that despatches had been sent off to the Ambassadors
at the Courts of Prussia and Austria, notifying the hostile
attitude that the Government of Great Britain would be
compelled to assume in the event of the Prussian and
Austrian troops invading Schleswig. The French Govern
ment is, it is said, upon this point at union with the British,
and it is hoped that with the prospect of this opposition the
great German Powers will not persist in provoking a war.
January 29th. — The ' Standard ' has an article this morn
ing announcing Lord Russell's resignation on account of his
disagreement with his colleagues, as he takes the German
side. This is not true. The Prussians and Austrians are
advancing towards the Eider with the intention of entering
Schleswig ; the Danes are preparing to resist, but can have
little chance unless England or France come to their assist
ance, which the latter, it is said, is ready to do, but the

1864 THE SANTIAGO CATASTROPIIi:. 315
Queen will not hear of going to war with Germany, No
doubt this country would like to fight for the Danes, and,
from what is said, I infer that the Government is inclined to
support them also, but finds great difficulties in the opposition
of the Queen,'
January 31st. — A dreadful catastrophe occurred at Sant
iago on December 8, at a religious ceremony at the Jesuits'
Church. A transparency on the altar caught fire, and the
flames were communicated so rapidly to the muslin and
gauze dressing that was hung all over the church that very
few made their escape. The men, who were in a separate
part of the church, divided by a grating, got away, but 2,000
women, comprising the greatest part of the ladies of Sant
iago, most of them young girls with their mothers, were burnt
to death. The lamps were filled with paraffin oil, which fell
upon the poor women in streams of liquid fire, and the work
of destruction was so rapid that but a quarter of an hour
elapsed from the beginning to the end. The bigotry of the
people in Santiago can hardly be believed if we did not know
as a fact that there is a public post-of&ce for the Virgin, who
corresponds personally with her votaries.
February 2nd. — The Prussians have entered Schleswig.
The Danes withdrew. Count de Flahault has been made
Chancellor of the Legion of Honour — a great place, which
gives him a large salary and a fine house in Paris.
February 6th. — News from Rendsburg says that in the
' It is perhaps well that we did not enter into this contest, as our army
was not armed at that time, like the Prussians, with the breechloader, and
we should probably have suff'ered in consequence the same disaster as the
Austrians did two years later.

316 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTF:R. 1864
attack upon Jagel on the 3rd, the Austrians, who were re
pulsed, lost 600 men and many ofiicers, since which there
has been more fighting, and the Danes were defeated,
although the Austrians lost seventeen officers and 500 men.
The Prussian Press now declares that Schleswig-Holstein is
irreparably separated from Denmark, and that war puts an
end to treaties.
February 9th. — Severe fighting atFlensburg. Barricades
were erected in the street, and the Austrians lost 1,100 men.
Most of the Danish troops have escaped to Alsen Island, but,
the channel being only 1,000 yards broad, they will not
be secure from the cannon. News from Vienna of yesterday
says that a Council of Ministers was held, under the presi
dency of the Emperor, on the 7th, at which highly important
resolutions were passed, the purport of which was that the
London treaty of 1852 can no longer be considered by
Austria as a basis of negotiation. I made a speech yesterday
in the House of Lords, explaining the share I took in that
treaty ; and Lord Russell, though he confessed, in reply to my
questions, that the Government had received no guarantee
that Austria and Prussia would evacuate Schleswig when
the King of Denmark had fulfilled his engagements, yet
said they were bound by that treaty to respect the integrity
of the Danish monarchy. Lord Palmerston made the same
declaration in the House of Commons. If it is true that
Austria has committed such a breach of faith, I hope she
will lose Venetia.
February llth. — The Duke of Augustenburg is proclaimed
everywhere in Holstein and Schleswig in the presence of the
Austrians and Prussians, who make no objection, thereby

1864 PRUSSIAN REPULSE. 317
making it very evident that they do not intend restoring the
Duchies to Denmark.
February Wth. — The Austrians are said to show symptoms
of backing out of the war, probably frightened for Venetia,
as the Italians are evidently preparing themselves.
February Wth. — The Danes are in the island of Alsen
and at Diippel, a fortified place in the mainland. General
Meza's retreat has saved the Danish army, for it was too
weak to hold the Dannewerke, and would have been cut off
had he delayed,
February 21st. — I hear that Lord Russell has sent for
M. Bille,' the Danish Minister, and told him his Government
must not depend upon any material support from England,
as we would' not go to war for Denmark. M. Bille asked if
an invasion of Jutland would make us alter our minds, and
Lord Russell replied that, even if the Germans went to
Copenhagen, it would make no difference. The Prussians
occupied Jutland for two days, but have retired in conse
quence of orders from Berlin.
February 23rd. — The Prussians made an attack on the
village of Diippel yesterday, but were repulsed, leaving many
dead and wounded on the field. The Danes lost 200 men ;
the battle lasted four hours.
February 24th. — The Government had a majority of
25 last night on Mr. Fitzgerald's motion for copies of the-
correspondence between the Government and Messrs. Laird
relating to the steam- ram. House divided: 178 to 153,
' Danish Minister in London.

318 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 18G4
On a motion for the Schleswig-Holstein papers they had
a still larger majority. Lord Palmerston was ill in bed with
cold and gout, but was sent for, his colleagues being much
alarmed, and came tottering in after the division had taken
place. Austria and Prussia have accepted our proposal for
a conference to be held in London, but the war is to go on
just the same.
March 1st. — I dined at Marlborough House, The Princess
of Wales told me that her father and mother's health had
suffered much from the constant anxiety they had gone
through, March 6th. — I passed the morning writing copies of my
letters to the Prince of Schleswig, the latter having begun
a correspondence on the subject of Schleswig-Holstein by
asking rae to retract a statement I had made in the House
of Lords, which I refused to do,
March 9th. — Lord Derby called, and seems preoccupe. I
believe he is much puzzled what to do on the Danish
question. All his party are for the Danes, and he also
sympathises with them; but the Court is against them.
As Lord Bath was there and is very German, of course Lord
Derby did not feel himself on safe ground.
Everybody is talking of Count Bernstorff's having refused
to drink the King of Denmark's health at the banquet at
Buckingham Palace yesterday, after the christening of the
young prince, the child of the Prince and Princess of Wales,
He, however, denies the whole thing, and gave an official
denial to Lord Russell.

1864 PRESICE DE LA TOUR D'AUVERGNE, 319
From the Comtesse de Flahault (on the death of the
Due de Morny). r.iiis: March 11, ISfil.
Alas ! dear Lord Malmesbury, all was over at eight o'clock yester
day morning, and I have only to thank you for your kind sympathy,
which we feel deeply. We are overwhelmed with grief at this
most unlooked-for misfortune, but M. de Flahault has gone through
these trying scenes with courage and composure, and will, I hope,
now be able to take some rest. It has been a comfort having Emily
with us, and Shelburne arrived last night. Tou, who know
Auguste well, will understand how well be merited all our love,
and what a loss he is to his family. In Paris the consternation is
general, and there is every demonstration of its being felt as a public
calamity. The Emperor is deeply affected, and on the evening of his
death was for two hours at bis bedside, where we were assembled.
Adieu, dear Lord Malmesbury, again . . . Believe mo truly
yours, M. M. de Flahault, K.N.
I ought not to omit that the Empress was there also, and very
kind. March Wth. — I was introduced to the new French
Ambassador, the Prince de la Tour d'Auvergne. He is very
pompous, and much out of humour with this country, declar
ing that England is more bound than any other to support
the Danes, because the treaty of 1852 was signed in London.
The sympathies of our party are entirely with the Danes,
and the Emperor Napoleon would be ready to declare war
against the Germans if we would join him; but, in my
opinion, neither his army nor ours would have been equal to
such a policy, for neither of us have the needle-gun, with
which the Prussians are armed.
March Wth. — Sir Henry Stracey moved a vote of censure
on Mr. Stansfeld, for allowing himself to be the medium of
communication between Mazzini and his friends. The
subject was mooted ten days ago, and Mr. Stansfeld's

320 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1864
explanation was unsatisfactory, as he confined himself to
praising Mazzini, and evaded answering the question whether
the name of Fieri or Flower was an alias of Mazzini's or not.
The subject being resumed to-day, he at last confessed very
reluctantly that he had allowed Mazzini to have his letters
addressed to his (Mr. Stansfeld's) house, under that name.
A division took place, and Sir Henry Stracey's motion was
only negatived by ten : 171 to 161. The Government de
fended him vigorously, and the utmost efforts were made to
get a good majority. Considering that Mazzini's policy was
perfectly well known to be founded on assassination, and
that they must have known it, they can hardly have been
proud of this victorj\ Lord Palmerston, however, seems
not to think so, as, when Mr. Stansfeld offered to resign his
place under Government, he refused, and said he would take
the responsibility upon himself.'
April Wth. — Garibaldi has arrived in London, and went
to Stafford House. His reception was enthusiastic.
April Wth. — We dined at Stafford House to meet Gari
baldi. The party consisted of the Palmerstons, Russells,
Gladstones, Argylls, Shaftesburys, Dufferins, &e,, and other
Whigs, the Derbys and ourselves being the only Conserva
tives ; so I greatly fear we have made a mistake, and that
our party will be disgusted at our going. Lady Shaftesbury
told me after dinner, in a mechanic manner, that we had
fallen into a trap, to which I answered that I was very much
obliged to those who laid it, as I should be very sorry not to
have seen Garibaldi, The Dowager Duchess of Sutherland
walked off with him to her boudoir, where he smoked. This
' On any question concerning Italy or an Italian Lord Pahnereton had
no scruples.

1864 GARIBALDI. 321
created great astonishment and amusement, as this boudoir,
which is fitted up most magnificently with hangings of
velvet and everything that is most costly, has been considered
such a sacred spot that fe^v favoured mortals have ever been
admitted into its precincts ; and to allow anyone to smoke in
it is most astonishing to all who know the Duchess.
The Government were defeated last night, on the motion
of Lord Robert Cecil,' on the reports of the inspectors of
schools, by 101 to 98.
April Wth. — Our party are furious with us and Lord
Derby for dining with the Sutherlands last Wednesday, and
Lord Bath has written to Lord Colville to resign his ofiice of
Whip, and says he will not spend a farthing upon elections.
Lord Derby has written him a very temperate letter,
April Wth. — I dined with the Clanricardes to meet Gari
baldi, and smoked a cigar with him after dinner. He spoke
very sensibly, and, far from seeming proud of the fuss that
was made with him, he said he feared it might become
ridiculous. Sir Robert Peel, talking of Rome, said that he
did not think it possible to get rid of the Papacy ; that
Garibaldi might drive the Pope out of Rome, but another
would be elected as long as the Roman Catholic religion
existed. Garibaldi replied, ' Vous I'avez bien fait, cepen
dant,' Again, some one said that the career of the present
Emperor Napoleon was a more successful one than that of
the first. Garibaldi answered, ' II faut attendre la fin.'
Diippel has fallen, and the Danes have lost many ofiicers
and men,
April 20th. — Garibaldi leaves England on Friday, Lord
' Now Marquis of Salisbury, 1884.
VOL, II, T

322 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-INHNISTER. 1864
Clarendon, who has just returned from Paris, has informed
the Government that the Emperor has made that the con
dition of his joining with us in the conference ; and cer
tainly there must be some intrigue, as Mr, Fergusson, the
surgeon, writes a letter to the Duke of Sutherland — which
is published — saying it would be dangerous for Garibaldi's
health if he exposed himself to the fatigue of an expedition
to Manchester, &c. On the other hand, Dr, Basile, Gari
baldi's own doctor, says he is perfectly well and able to
undergo all the fatigue of a journey to the manufacturing
towns. The publication of this letter in contradiction to
Mr. Fergusson's must have been done with Garibaldi's con
sent ; it shows he is angry, and does not leave England
willingly. April 22nd. — Garibaldi goes to-day to Cliefden, where
he remains with the Dowager-Duchess of Sutherland until
the 25th, when he leaves for Plymouth,
The Duchess of Cambridge and Princess Mary attacked
me for going to Stafford House to meet him, saying that
they admired my devotion to Lord Derby, which induced me
to accept the invitation.
April 28th. — We had a dinner for the Duke of Cam
bridge, the Princess Edward, the Tankervilles, Lady Ely,
Sir A, and Lady Paget, Colonel and Mrs, Macdonald, the
Cadores, Lord Clanwilliam, Lord E, St, Maur, and Count
Apponyi. Lord Bath complained of Sir Augustus Clifford's
having turned on the gas in the House of Lords when
Garibaldi entered ; and said he had told Sir Augustus that
he meant to bring his conduct before the House, but that
Sir Augustus expressed his regret and begged to be let'off

1864 ARLES. 323
on account of his old friendship with Lord Bath's father.
So Lord Bath forgave him. This story was received with a
good deal of laughter, which Lord Bath took very well.

On May 6 I crossed to Paris, and, after two or three
days, taking the road to Lyons, went down the Rhone to
Aries, a very interesting old town, evidently peopled in
former times by a colony from Central Italy, so very remark
able is the physique of the inhabitants. The women are
proverbially handsome, but entirely of the Etruscan type,
with magnificent dark hair and eyes, good teeth, and fair
complexions. They have beautiful round throats set on
fine shoulders and busts, but their legs are much too short
for their general build, I had a good opportunity of seeing
the population as it was a. jour defete, and there were games
in the square, such as climbing a greased pole for a leg of
mutton placed at the top, which no one succeeded in win
ning. The women were all in costume, with black veils
worn like the mantilla, I noticed that the men were re
markably plain, sallow, undersized, and narrow-chested — in
every way a striking contrast to the women.
The old Roman Amphitheatre here is very perfect, with
towers added in the Middle Ages. Having heard of an old
feudal castle called Les Baux, some twelve or fourteen
miles from Aries, I took a carriage to visit it. We passed
through an arid country till we reached a village with an
ancient tower and other buildings, at the foot of which was
a hermit's cell very curiously contrived in the rock, where
there was a secret way of escaping and hiding in the deeper
recesses in case of danger. Here was the hermit's bed of
stone ; he is supposed to have been the first to introduce T 2

324 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1864
Christianity in that country. His name, which I forget, is
held in high reverence, and a church there is dedicated to
his memory.
Proceeding on my road, the mountains loom in the
distance with the colour of yellow sandstone, and, on their
summit, the castle and town of Les Baux. They appear
perfectly bare and scorched by the burning sun of Provence.
At the foot of the mountain there were some beautiful
pomegranates and fine cypresses, but no other vegetation.
The ascent to the town is winding and very steep. At the
top there are the remains of a street of what must have been
formerly very handsome houses, the ruins of which show
the remains of the Renaissance carvings on the door-posts.
A solitary priest came out of a small church, kept in
tolerable order, and lamented the fate that forced him to
live in so desolate a region. Higher up you reach a plateau
with the castle and an enormous pigeonnier — sign of feudal
privilege. From quite a short distance the whole town is invisible,
as it is not built of stone, but hewn out of the solid rock.
It is altogether the most curious place I ever visited, and
hardly ever seen by English travellers, although it is worth
any trouble. From the summit the view is splendid, with
a mirage which makes the plain below look like the sea.
It was on these plains that Charles Martel gained a final
victory over the Saracens.
After this I retraced my steps to Grenoble, close to
which Casimir Perier has a very fine chateau ; and, after
seeing the Great St. Bernard, I proceeded through Geneva
to Berne to pay a visit to my brother, who is minister there.
I returned to Paris by the Basle Railway.
On passing through Paris I had a satisfactory conversa-

1864 ASIIANTI. 325
tion with Drouyn de I'Huys, and there I also heard of the
death of the Due de Malakoff, partly caused by his annoyance
at the insurrection which has broken out in Algeria.

June 1 st. — I returned from Paris, and we dined with the
Derbys. Fred Stanley was married yesterday to Lady
Constance Villiers.
June 8th. — Left Loudon for Heron Court to see the
famous rhododendrons, which are all in flower.
June llth. — Returned to London.
June Wth. — Went to a party at the Duchess of Buc
cleuch's, where Count Sabouroff told me that, at the last
meeting of the Conference, the Germans proposed to submit
the disputed territory in Schleswig to arbitration, that this
was supported by the neutral Powers, and the Danish pleni
potentiaries had asked for delay to refer to their Court,
He could, or would, not tell me who is to be arbitrator, but
everybody supposes it will be the French Emperor,
June Wth. — There was a debate in the House of Commons
on the Ashanti question. Lord Palmerston made an angry
speech, accusing and misrepresenting Lord Derby's Govern
ment for having established a protectorate of the Fanti
tribes, which has got us into the present difiiculty. This
was denied by Disraeli, who asserted that it began in 1826,
and Lord Palmerston had not a word to say in reply. The
House divided, and Government had a majority of seven.
Both sides cheered when the numbers were read, ours
being pleased at the smallness of the majority and glad not
to turn out the Government on a comparatively unimportant
question.

326 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1864
June 20th. — The papers to-day give an account of a naval
engagement off Cherbourg between the celebrated blockade-
runner the ' Alabama ' and the American ship ' Kearsage.'
After about an hour's fighting, a shot struck the ' Alabama '
just above the water line, and she sank. The crew jumped
overboard, and a great many were saved by an English
steam-yacht, the ' Deerhound,' which picked up Captain
Semmes, thirteen officers, many men, and immediately
steamed off with them to Southampton, the Americans
saving a good many more.
June 27th. — The armistice having expired between the
Germans and Danes, hostilities have recommenced by the
Prussian batteries opening fire upon Alsen.
I went to the House of Lords, which was immensely full,
the anxiety being very great to hear the explanation of the
Government with respect to the war. Lord Russell got up
and spoke for nearly two hours ; for the first half-hour he
was almost inaudible, but after that I heard enough to know
that the Government were for peace at any price, and meant
to desert the Danes. Lord Derby, who was in his place,
though suffering from gout, answered him, and after de
precating any discussion, begged his party to say nothing
that evening.
June 29th.— 1 went to the ball at Buckingham Palace.
There was a great crowd and some ridiculous-looking women
in high dresses. The royal party came in by a door close to
the da'is, so they did not pass up the room, and sat down
without taking notice of anybody.
Everybody is talking of the absurd ending of Lord Pal
merston's speech last Monday, in which he said that ' if the

1804 A RUDE RECEPTION. 327
Government had reason to expect to see at Copenhagen
the horrors of a town taken by assault, the destruction of
property, the sacrifice of the lives, not only of its defenders,
but of its peaceful inhabitants, the confiscations which would
ensue, and the capture of the sovereign as a prisoner of
war,' he (Lord Palmerston) ' did not mean to say that if any
of those events were likely to happen, the position of this
country might not be subject to reconsideration.'
July 3rd. — Lord Derby is so ill with the gout that he
cannot bring on the question of the correspondence between
Denmark and Germany next Friday, and he has deputed me
to do it in his place, and Lords Salisbury,' Donoughmore,
Colville, Hardwicke,^ Carnarvon, and Chelmsford came this
afternoon at one o'clock to consult with me respecting the
motion to be made in the House of Lords.
Lord Derby is nervous in consequence of some objections
made by the Duke of Buccleuch and Lord Stanhope, who
talk of a collision between the two Houses, and he fears the
party will not be unanimous. I am, however, for going on
with it, and so were the rest. We adjourned at two o'clock
to Lord Salisbury's, where a large meeting took place, I
being in the chair. The two above-named peers, with Lords
Winchester and Bath, made some difficulties, but ended by
giving way, and it was settled unanimously that the same
resolution which Disraeli makes to-day in the Commons is
to be moved on Friday in the Lords. I went yesterday to
Disraeli to settle about this, he merely pointing to a chair.
I did not sit down, but gave him the message Lord Derby
had sent, and went away. After the meeting at Lord Salis
bury's I went to Lord Derby's to report what had occurred.
^ The late Lord Salisbury. ' The late Lord Hardwicke.

328 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1864
He was pleased to hear that the motion was not given up,
but he was in such dreadful pain that I did not stay.
July 8th. — I went to the House of Lords to bring forward
my resolution against the foreign policy of the Government.
The Duke of Argyll replied, and then Lord Brougham got
up, being followed by Lords Chelmsford and Carnarvon.
The division took place at half-past two a.m., and we had a
majority of nine — 177 to 168. In the House of Commons
the Government had a majority of eighteen — 318 to 295.
July llth. — A horrible murder was committed last Satur
day evening in a first-class carriage on the North London
Railway. The victim was Mr. Briggs, a clerk in Robarts's
bank, who was attacked, robbed, and thrown from the
carriage. After giving a dinner for the Duchess of Cambridge and
Princess Mary, we went to Lady Rokeby's, who had tableaux,
which were beautifully got up, and would have been better
still if the singing behind the scenes had been in tune.
July Wth. — Mr. Briggs's chain has been identified. It
was pawned by a man who had the appearance of a
foreigner. July 24th. — The murderer of Mr. Briggs is suspected to
be a German tailor, called Franz Miiller. Miiller had bought
a hat of a certain Matthews, who identified it as being the
one found in the railway carriage after the murder.
August 2nd. — I went to Lowther Castle and Lady Malmes
bury to Chillingham.

1864 MtJLLER. 329
August Wth, Heron Court. — This place is completely
burnt up; the lawn is like a stubble-field, there are no
vegetables in the kitchen garden, the farmers are obliged to
feed their cattle on hay, and all the small birds are starving
as if in a hard frost.
August 21st. — Rain has come at last and penetrated about
an inch into the ground, so it will do some good.
September 7 th. — News has arrived of the capture of
Miiller at New Tork with Mr. Briggs's hat and chain upon
him, and it is thought that he will arrive in England about
the 15th.
I leave London for Paris on the 27th.
October 2nd, Aix-les-Bains. — I went down to Lyons and
Avignon, where I found the cold so intense that T proceeded
to Aix-les-Bains, but without any improvement. The
weather here is bitter, and I am writing, shivering close to a
blazing fire. I shall go back to Paris.
October Wth. — Reached Paris, which is much warmer
than the South of France.
October Wth. — Returned to London.
October 30th. — The murderer Miiller has been convicted
and sentenced to death.
November 3rd. — We left London by the Paddingtou
Railway and reached Hughenden by three o'clock. Mrs.
Disraeli was at home, and after luncheon we took a walk

330 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1864
in the woods. She says she has laid them out herself, and
certainly she deserves great credit, as I never saw any
prettier. They are very extensive, on two sides of a narrow
valley, with walks in all directions. We returned about
four, just as the rest of the party came back from Cliefden.
It was composed of the Duke and Duchess of Wellington,
Lord and Lady Raglan, Lord Orford, and Mr. Courtenay.
The dinner was very gay; Disraeli exerted himself to the
utmost to be agreeable. The evening was very short, Mrs.
Disraeli sending us all to bed at half-past ten.
November 4th. — Beautiful day. We all went out driving
through Hampden Park, where there are some fine beeches
and a long grass drive, down which Hampden rode at the
head of his men (not soldiers) to present the Bill of Rights
to Charles I. We then crossed the Chiltern Hills, and on
reaching a plateau, from whence there is a beautiful view,
we got out of the carriage and walked down the hill to a
lovely spot at Chequers Court, called Velvet Lawn, where we
had luncheon, after which we returned to the carriage and
drove through Lady Frankland Russell's park home.
November 7th. — Left London for Broke Hall, in Norfolk,
which is hired by the Charteris' for the shooting. The
owner is the grandson of the celebrated Sir Philip Broke,
who captured the American frigate ' Chesapeake ' by board
ing her. The figure-head of the •' Shannon,' which he com
manded, stands at the entrance to the house.
November Wth, London. — Miiller was hanged this morn
ing. He refused to confess until the last moment, till the
rope was round his neck, when he said to the clergyman :
' Ich hab' es gethan ! '

1864 IN SALISBURY CLOSE. 331
November Wth. — We heard of the death of my cousin,
Lord Manners.
November Wth. — We went to Leiston Old Abbey, Mr.
William Rose's ' place in Suffolk, where we met the Carletons
and Colonel Tower, and had very good partridge-shooting.
November Wth. — We left London for Longleat. Nobody
there but Lady Louisa Fielding and Lord Canterbury.
November Wth. — A fall of snow in the night and hard frost.
Had service in the chapel belonging to the house.
November Wth. — Left Longleat for Heron Court. Whilst
in Salisbury, on my way home, went to see my old family
house in the Close, a most curious and gloomy abode. There
are fifty-one rooms in it and a great many passages and
staircases — altogether a most ghostly place. The snow was
so deep that we were obliged to put four horses to the fly
from Fording Bridge to Ringwood, whence it took us an
hour and a half to get to Heron Court, only seven miles.
November 23rd. — Was shot badly in the face, and was
laid up for four days.
November 30th. — Accounts from America all tend against
the Confederates.
Mr. Bidwell, of the Foreign Ofiice, told me that the Em
peror of the French had offered us a defensive alliance in
case we engaged in war against Germany, meaning, I sup
pose, in case of England being invaded.
' Afterwards Lord Dorchester.

332 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1864
Lord Derby to Lord Malmesbu/ry. Knowsley : December 9, 1864.
My dear Malmesbury, — I am glad you are pleased with the
Homer. I never was more astonished in my life than on read
ing the puff of it in the ' Times ' ! — by whom written I have not
the least idea, and Murray professes himself as much at a loss as
I am. However it may be, it threw out a bait to the ingenuous
British public, the result of which has been that the first edition of
1,000 copies has been disposed of in a week, and that a second, of
double that number, is in the press, and will be out in a fortnight.
I was sorry you could not come to us this week ; but, as it happens,
I should not have seen much of you if you had, for I have again
been confined to my bed with a renewed attack, and have not yet
left my room, though I hope I am on the way to recovery.
The Baillie-Cochranes came here on Saturday and stayed till
Wednesday, but I was not able to see them. I have not, however,
given up the hope of seeing you yet — if not this year, at least this
season, for I am going to write to Dizzy and some of our political
friends, to ask them if they can come here for a few days on the
9th of next month, and I shall still have a good beat or two un
touched, so as to mix a little shooting with our politics. If we
should make up such a party, could you join it ? Tou would find
companions, whether you shot or not ; but I hope you will flnd
yourself equal to it at Wimpole, if not to one of Bath's tremendous
days. Ever yours sincerely, Derby.
The Earl of Malmesbury, G.C.B.

1865
January 3rd. — Lord and Lady Bath, Mr. Fane, and Col.
and Lady Margaret Charteris arrived at Heron Court. A
very agreeable party.
January Wth. — Sir A. Paget, Lochiel, Mrs. Brett, Sir

1865 LADY TANKERVILLE. 333
William Jolliffe and his two daughters came. We shot the
park, and the Miss Jolliffes accompanied us. In the evening
we all went to the ball at Christchurch,
We left the ball with Mr. and Mrs, Brett, and found
a storm raging outside the ball-room — rain coming down
in torrents, and the wind so high that the horses could
hardly get on, I thought several times that the omnibus
would have been blown over. We were obliged to go a
round-about way, as some cottages were on fire in the street,
the fiames preventing any passage, and adding to the horrors
of the hurricane,
January Wth. — We left Heron Court suddenly with our
guests. Lady Malmesbury having heard that her mother.
Lady Tankerville, has had a stroke of paralysis.
January Wth, London. — Lady Tankerville lingered three
days, when the Abbe Tourzel thought her so ill that he
would not put off any longer administering extreme unction.
She bore the ceremony very well, and was quite aware of
all that was going on, every time he made the sign of the
cross. She was a remarkable woman, and we all very much
lament her. Ossulston passes the whole day with my wife,
which is a great comfort to me, as he is always so kind and
sympathetic. January 26th. — Lady Willoughby d'Eresby died to-day.
She was one of Lady Tankerville's most intimate friends,
and, as they entered the world together, they left it together
within a few days. She was one of the four or five ladies
who, for forty years, had been ' the glass of fashion,'

334 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1865
Lady Palmerston to Lord M. on the death of Lady Tankerville.^
Brocket : January 29, 1864.
My dear Lord Malmesbury, — I cannot say how thankful I felt
for your very kind letter, and for the considerate feeling that in
duced you to write to me at a moment when I was so deeply
aflQicted, and when your assurance gave me a double satisfaction, as
it strongly verified the hope that I had already felt as a consolation,
that her end was a most happy one, and that she sufiered no pain
or anxiety. She is a great loss to me, after an intimacy of so many
years ; bnt I do feel it a great comfort that she had such a
blessed death and expired in the arms of her children, to whom she
was so devotedly attached. I hope dear Emma has not suffered in
her health from the sad scene she had to go through for so many
days, and believe me, dear Lord Malmesbury, yours ever very
sincerely, E. Palmeeston.
Palmerston was, like me, very thankful for your letter, and he
regrets almost as much as I do the loss of such an attached and
excellent friend — so attractive and so good,
February 1st. — Another blow has fallen upon my family.
The wife of my younger brother, Charles, has died of scarlet
fever, I got a letter from him a few days ago, condoling
with me upon my mother-in-law's death,
February 7th. — Parliament meets to-day, but is not opened
by the Queen,
February 9th. — Lord Derby spoke very well at the
opening, and with great fluency, but he looks very ill. His
last attack of gout was very serious, and for some hours he
was in great danger.
February Wth. — Ossulston and I had great sport at the
wild-fowl on the Moors River. He had a good story about
' Lady Palmerston and Lady Tankerville had been intimate friends for
more than fifty years.

1865 'MALE AND FEMALE.' 335
the examination at a boys' school. The master asked why
Moses left Egypt. The boy answered : ' Tou know, sir ;
that little affair with Potiphar's wife.'
March 1st. — I hear that Lord Willoughby, wlien dying,
would not see his daughter at the last. She passed the
whole day in the house, hoping to see him, but he never sent
for her. I know this was not from want of affection, as he
was extremely fond of her ; but both he and Lady Willoughby
have all their lives had a horror of anything painful, and
have carefully shunned anything that could agitate them, so
I have no doubt that he dreaded her emotion, for he was in
perfect possession of his faculties. I believe it was the same
with Lady Willoughby, who was very religious. I suppose
they wished to avoid taking leave of those they loved, and to
pass their last hours undisturbed by any distressing scenes.
March 4th. — News from America says that Charleston
was evacuated by the Confederates on February 17, and 200
pieces of cannon taken. It is said that the French have
been defeated in Mexico by Juarez. The Due de Gramont
called. All London is talking of the way in which the Corps
Diplomatique has been invited to the Queen's reception.
It was, as far as I could understand, in these terms : ' That
the Queen would graciously receive them, male and female,
at a Court, to be held at Buckingham Palace.'
All those concerned are trying to shift the responsibility
upon one another. The diplomatists have sent their cards
of invitation to their respective Courts ; and therefore it has
produced a great sensation all over the world, as the term
male et femelle is never used in French, except in speaking
of animals.

336 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1865
March Wth. — I attended the Queen's reception at Buck
ingham Palace. Her Majesty inquired very kindly after
Lady Malmesbury, who has been very ill.
March 22nd. — The Government were beaten last night on
the Fire Insurance Duty by a majority of 72, the resolution
for a reduction of the duty being carried in spite of Glad
stone's opposition.
March 27th. — The Duchess of Marlborough called with
her daughter. Lady Cornelia,' Such a pretty, graceful girl;
very, distinguished in her appearance, amiable and intelligent,
and with a beautiful complexion,
March 29th. — I dined at Marlborough House ; very
pleasant evening. Parry sang some amusing comic songs,
and the party did not break up till half-past twelve,
April 1st. — Lord Desart died this morning. He had been
ill some years with a creeping palsy.
A dissolution is expected on July 15, and Colonel Taylor,
our Whip, says we shall gain twenty-five seats.
April 5th. — It is said that the Russian plague is approach
ing England, but Brunnow told me that there is always
a fever at Petersburg at this time of year, as the lower
classes feed chiefly on frozen fish.
April 15th. — News from America of April 4 would
appear to show that it is all over with the Confederates.
After three days' severe fighting. Grant and Sheridan suc
ceeded in turning Lee's right wing, and driving him into
' Lady Cornelia Churchill afterwards married Lord Wimborne.

1865 WILKES BOOTH. 337
Pittsburg. Lee has been defeated again since that, with
great loss of prisoners and guns.
April 25th. — The Czarewitch died yesterday. The Prin
cess Dagmar, whom he had expressed a wish to see, and who
was betrothed to him, arrived with her mother a day before
his death.'
April 26th. — Miss Constance Kent has confessed to
having murdered her half-brother on June 29, 1860, and
came to London yesterday to surrender herself. She was
accompanied by the Rev. Mr. Wagner,^ of St. Paul's,
Brighton, to whom she had revealed her guilt. She behaved
with great composure, and I hope it will be proved she was
mad, as her mother and grandmother were so.
The report of President Lincoln's assassination is true.
He was shot through the head at Ford's Theatre, at Wash
ington. The assassin procured admission to his private box
on pretence of bearing despatches from General Grant, and
shot him with a double-barrelled pistol. He then jumped
upon the stage, fiourishing a dagger, and exclaimed, ' Sic
semper tyrannis ! ' and made his escape through the back
entrance to the theatre. He is an actor of the name of
Wilkes Booth, and has been arrested. About the same
time an attempt was made to assassinate Mr, Seward,
April 30th. — Dr, Pusey has sent a letter to the ' Church
man,' praising Gladstone and urging the High Church party
to support Lord Palmerston, also giving his opinion that
universal suffrage would strengthen the Church.
' She afterwards married his brother.
^ He had been private tutor to the Duke of Welhngton's sons at Eton.
VOL, II, Z

338 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER, 1865
May 1st. — The Emperor of the French left Paris on the
29th for Algiers, against the reclamations of all his Ministers.
He is in bad health, and goes to drink some waters celebrated
for renovating the constitution. It is said that Lincoln's
assassination has produced a very painful impression on him,
as he had hitherto disbelieved in the pistol for the purpose,
and only feared the dagger.
The Government was beaten in the Lords on the Oaths
Bill, May 5th. — Miss Constance Kent was examined by the
magistrates at Trowbridge, and committed for the murder
of her brother. She is sent to Salisbury gaol, Mr, Wagner
refused to answer any questions that touched upon her con
fession, and was hissed by the audience.
May 10th. — Wilkes Booth has been shot by a sergeant,
and his companion taken.
May 12th, — Started for Paris to seethe Great Exhibition,
Paris is now at the apogee of its magnificence, and is the
wonder of the world.
News from Mexico is very alarming for the French, and
produces great consternation in Paris, where the Emperor's
return from Algiers is anxiously looked for. The rebels
under Juarez have gained some advantage over the French,
and now that the war in America is over, a great number of
adventurers, who form the principal part of the Federal
army, are disbanded, and are going to join Juarez, who will
thus be more than a match for Max'imilian with his French
and Belgian allies.'
' The brave and amiable Archduke Maximilian had been induced to
accept the crown of Mexico, under French protection.

1865 KILLED BY LIGHTNING. 339
May 29th. — The Confederate party in America has been
completely overcome in spite of an heroic resistance. It is
expected that Jeff Davis will be executed by the Federal
Government or lynched by the mob.
June 10th. — The general impression is that Lord Palmer
ston is in a very bad state of health, and will not meet the
new Parliament as Minister. He now seldom attends the
House of Commons, and, when he does, only comes for a
short time and says a few words, evidently that his name
may appear in the newspapers.
June 20th. — Lord Palmerston's illness has been very
severe. His colleagues are therefore anxious to get the elec
tions over as soon as possible.
June 22nd. — A telegram arrived to-day in London, an
nouncing the death of Mrs. Arbuthnot, who was killed by
lightning in Switzerland. She was a daughter of Lord
Rivers; was married two months ago, and they were on
their wedding tour. She had remained sitting on a rock,
being tired, whilst her husband and the guide had gone on ;
a sudden storm came on, and she was struck by a fiash of
lightning, which left a black mark all across her body.
Decomposition set in instantly where the electric fiuid had
passed. July 8th. — Dined with Lord Redesdale at the annual
dinner which he gives to the Peers at Greenwich.
July llth. — We dined with the Duke and Duchess of
Wellington to meet the Queen of the Netherlands, who
z 2

340 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1865
talked a great deal to me about politics, as she does to
everybody. Parry sang some of his comic songs.
The elections are going badly for us. Sir A. Malet came
up to me after dinner, and said how much he rejoiced at the
turn they were taking, although he supposed it was not a
matter of rejoicing to me. I replied that of course he (Sir
Alexander) ought to be glad, as otherwise he would not
occupy his present post. We have already lost six seats and
shall lose at least as many more, instead of gaining from
fifteen to thirty, as we expected. Our agents must be very
stupid to have miscalculated to such an extent, and the
party are much disheartened. We have lost some of our
best men : Seymour Fitzgerald, Sir John Elphinstone, and
Sir John Hay, We have, however, got a Tory into Tiverton,
as a colleague for Lord Palmerston. The election returns
show we have lost fifteen seats, so there is no chance of our
party coming into ofiice ; but the Whigs have not gained.
The increase is in the Radicals.
July 28th. — The trial of Constance Kent is over, but
the Queen has commuted the sentence of death to penal
servitude. August 20th. — The ' Great Eastern,' about which there
has been much anxiety, in consequence of making no signals
for a fortnight, has returned to Valentia, the cable having
broken in the middle of the Atlantic, where the sea is two
miles deep. They let down a grapnel, and fancied they
hooked it ; but the rope broke, and they have returned to
get more.
October 1st. — Left Heron Court for London on my way

1865 DEATH OF LORD PALMERSTON. 341
to Paris, and made a tour of three weeks in Brittany over
the same ground I have before described.
October Wth. — I arrived at Brest, Went yesterday to
Plougastel, but the abbey described in books is a fiction of
romance. There is only an old church. The inns at Brest
are abominable,
I hear the cholera has broken out in many parts of
England, In a house at Epping everybody died, the master
having it twice,
October Wth.—l hear from England that Lord Palmerston
is very ill at Brocket, and a bulletin was issued, very un
favourable, I fear there is little chance of his recovery,
October Wth, Nantes. — A telegram announcing the death
of Lord Palmerston, which took place yesterday at eleven.
He sank gradually, and died without pain. Lady Shaftes
bury, Lady Jocelyn, and William Cowper ' were at Brocket,
I shall always recollect him as one of the kindest men to me
in private life, which I attribute mainly to his affection for
my grandfather, the first Lord Malmesbury, who was his
guardian. As a Minister, although I often differed from him,
I looked upon him as one of our greatest, especially in his
knowledge of foreigners and their character. He was clear
headed, always knew what he wanted, and was determined
to carry it out, with great moral and physical courage. We
shall be long ere we see his like again. He was English to
the backbone.
October 23rd. — Arrived in London.%Found Lord Russell
^ The Hon. William Cowper was afterwards made Lord Mount Temple,
and Lord Palmerston made him his heir.

342 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1865
Prime Minister. Lord Palmerston is to be buried in West
minster Abbey, and, by the wish of the Queen, to have a
public funeral.
October 27th. — Lord Palmerston was buried to-day in
Westminster Abbey, near Lord Canning.
November 2nd. — Called on Lady Jersey, where I found
General Peel. Parliament will meet on the 23rd, but only
to elect a Speaker and swear in the members.
From Lord Derby to Lord Malmesbu/ry.
Knowsley : November 6, 1865.
My dear Malmesbury, — I have been wishing for some time to
write to you, but I need not say that I had not a moment to myself
last week, and the close of it left me with an arrear which I have
not yet succeeded in writing off. I am happy to say, however, that
our Royal party went off as well as possible, and without the
slightest hitch. The weather, with the exception of one day, was
magnificent, and it was impossible to exceed the enthusiasm of their
reception at Liverpool. It was admirably managed, and though
nearer half than a quarter of a million of people were assembled,
there was not a single accident. Both the Prince and Princess of
Wales made themselves exceedingly agreeable, discarding all ap
proach to form, and setting everybody at their ease. They were in
excellent spirits, and professed themselves, as indeed they seemed,
delighted with their visit. Though rather too early in the year, I
managed to give H.R.H. two very good days' shooting ; the first
on the Stockbridge beat (ending at the Liverpool Lodge), on which,
with five guns, they killed 717 head, of which 280 were pheasants.
The second day, our only bad one, it rained incessantly, but nothing
would satisfy the Prince but shooting through it all, and on Mass-
borough they bagged 967 head, of which 440 were pheasants — six
guns. . . . And now a word or two upon political matters. I
return the two documents enclosed in your letter of the 26th ult.
There can be no doubt as to the correctness of your statement to
the ' France,' as indeed that paper acknowledges, but several of

1865 INSURRECTION IN JAMAICA. 343
the English papers made precisely the same mistake, confounding
the recognition of the Empire in 1852 with the coup d'dtat in 1851.
Some are of opinion that the ultimate solution is to bo found in a
fusion. I do not greatly differ from them in this : but how it is to
be effected is not so clear. If my retirement will facilitate tho
operation, and make way for a substantially Conservative Govern
ment, I shall put no obstacle in the way.
From what I hear, they mean to bring in a Reform Bill, but
one of a very mild character, which we may find ourselves able to
support ; but this will be a breach with Baines, Bright, and Co., un
less they announce that they mean it only as an instalment, in
which case we could hardly support it, and they would fall between
two stools.
Our policy must be regulated by that of the Government, and
untn that is decided we cannot pretend to have ours cut and dry.
Believe me ever yours sincerely, Deebt.
The Earl of Malmesbury, G.C.B.
November Wth. — Lady Ely called, and announced the
marriage of Princess Helena to the second son of the Duke
of Augustenburg, and the Queen lends them Frogmore, so
they wUl reside in England. The Duke of Wellington has
made his wife resign her place as Mistress of the Robes, as
he says he supposes Lord Russell will act consistently with
his Whig principles, but I have since heard that she will
remain for the present.
November Wth. — An insurrection has broken out in
Jamaica at Morant's Bay, in the parish of St. Thomas. As
far as can be at present known, the object of the rioters was
to make a general massacre of all the white population, but
the arrest of one of the principal leaders occasioned a
premature outbreak, which has been suppressed in conse
quence of the vigorous measures taken by the authorities.
Generals O'Connor and Nelson have done very well, and

344 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1865
shown great determination. The chief ringleader, Gordon,
has been hanged. These men were not driven to these
atrocious acts by ill-usage, but in order to get possession of
the property of the English population, to murder all the
men, and share the women amongst them.
November 27th. — I went to Knowsley,
December 5th. — The Queen has officially announced her
intention of opening Parliament, but some slight alteration
in the ceremony will be made. It is said that she will not
read the Speech herself, and does not mean to wear her
robes. The King of the Belgians is dying, which may prevent
her going there at all,
December 6th. — Went to see the Sphinx in the Egyptian
Hall, It is certainly a wonderful illusion. The smile is the
most extraordinary part, for it is so human, and such a
merry one, quite lighting up the face. The movement of
the lips was also perfectly natural; the only part which
looked like mechanism is the stiff way in which the head
bent forward. It was placed in a box on a small table, quite
in front of the stage, under which one could see perfectly,
I hear that Sir Augustus Paget is to be sent to Mexico,
which I sincerely hope, for his sake and my own, is not
true, December 10th. — The negro sympathisers have sent a
deputation to Mr, Cardwell to ask for Governor Eyre's recall
from Jamaica, which was saved by his courage ; much to his
credit, he has refused to do so. No man has been so unjustly

1865 LORD EDWARD ST. MAUR. 345
maligned or deserves greater reward ; but humbug is the
rule of the day.
King Leopold died yesterday at Laeken, The last years
of his life were spent in perpetual terror of Louis Napoleon,
and he was constantly alarming our Ministers and everybody
on the subject,
December Wth. — The Government have given way to the
clamour of the anti-slavery faction and of Exeter Hall, and
have issued a proclamation suspending Mr, Eyre from his
functions until after the investigations — a pretty reward for
doing one's duty to one's country,
December 29th. — We have received the news by telegraph
from India of the death of Lord Edward St, Maur, who,
being out shooting, was attacked by a grizzly bear. Lord
Edward defended himself with his knife, and they rolled
down a hiU together, the animal lacerating his knee. In
the wild country in which he was, he could receive no medical
assistance for two days, when his leg was amputated and he
died under the operation. He was handsome, clever, and
amiable, and being his mother's favourite child, I can hardly
understand how she will be able to bear his loss.

1 866
January 1st, Heron Court. — I arrived here from London,
and brought down the Bretts, the Baillie-Cochranes, A. and
Lady Paget, and the Charteris', but the rivers are too
flooded for any wild-fowl shooting, and the gentlemen are
restricted to killing pheasants — comparatively very tame
sport.

346 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
Jarmary 10th and llth. — It snowed for two days and
nights, with a gale from N.E., which has blown down many
of my trees.
A pronunciamiento, under G eneral Prim, has taken place
in Spain. He is one of the Queen's best generals. General
Zabala has been sent in pursuit, and martial law is pro
claimed in Catalonia and Arragon. The clubs and theatres
are shut up at Madrid.
January Wth. — The flood of the Stour is higher than it
has been since 1809, judging from the water-gauges which
have been kept.
January Wth, — I went to a meeting at Christchurch, to
defend the ancient rood screen at the Priory Church. The
vicar, Mr. Nash, who wanted to remove it, has at last given
in, finding the committee was against its demolition. I
consider such an act would be barbarous and most silly as
well, for 6001, were spent in the renovation of its carvings
only twenty-five years ago ; besides which, there is no doubt
that it is one of the main supports of the church itself. The
last century was passed by our churchwardens and parsons
in whitewashing our ancient churches ; the rage now is to
alter and restore them according to the temporary rule of
these authorities.
February 1st, — Parliament met to-day. Mr. Denison was
chosen Speaker without opposition. Lord Russell wants to
have Bright in the Cabinet, but the other Ministers refuse to
admit him. Ossulston arrived for dinner.
February 6th, — The Queen opened Parliament to-day.
She came in a state coach with her eight cream-coloured

1866 A VIOLENT GALE. 347
horses, but entered by the Peers' entrance. She was well
received, but did not wear her robes, which were placed on
the Throne, and did not read the Speech, which was read by
the Lord Chancellor. I did not attend the opening, being
lame with gout, but reserved myself for the debate on the
Address. The Government were severely attacked for their
negligence with respect to the cattle plague. I am sorry to
see that Lord Russell looks very old and feeble.
February 9th. — Returned to Heron Court. Sir Henry
Wolff and Mr. Philip Rose arrived. The latter is Disraeli's
legal adviser, and has been very useful to him, by his
devotion and undoubted ability and knowledge of the world,
February llth. — A violent gale, or rather hurricane,
came on in the night, and continued till five or six in the
afternoon. From two to four it was quite awful, and we
thought every large tree in the place must be blown down.
Seven gigantic elms fell in front of the drawing-room
windows whilst Wolff and I were looking out, and the people
in the cottages, wherever there were trees near, forsook them
in terror and rushed to the house for shelter. The roads
were so completely blocked up by fallen timber that Sir
Henry Wolff, who meant to leave for Bournemouth, could
not proceed half a mile, and had to come back.
February Wth.— We went out before breakfast and
walked round the park. It was a sad sight to see those
splendid elms lying prostrate, and the wide gaps they have
left, which can never be filled up in the life of a man. Some
were certainly three centuries old. I hear the storm was
marked at Portsmouth at the figure 12, which is the

348 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
highest known, and this is illustrated by the supposition
that if the keeper of an observatory saw the whole building
on the point of being swept away, and kept his head cool,
he would write down 1 2 and perish. The ' Times ' adds
that the force of the wind was forty pounds to the square
foot, which is a regular East India cyclone.
February Wth. — Government in both Houses have an
nounced the suspension of the Habeas Corpus in Ireland,
such is the alarming aspect of the Fenian conspiracy.
February Wth. — The BiU for suspending the Habeas
Corpus in Ireland has passed by 864 to 6. It was passed in
the House of Lords before five and sent to Osborne imme
diately for the Queen's signature ; it was returned to the
House of Lords, who summoned the Commons and passed
the Bill by commission at a quarter before one o'clock in the
morning. February Wth. — There is an attempt just now among a
small and unimportant knot of individuals in the Conserva
tive ranks to get rid of Lord Derby and put Disraeli or Lord
Stanley in his place. I do not believe that either of them
was privy to the scheme. I was sounded on the subject by
one of the conspirators, but I met his very first observations,
when I saw his drift, with the ridicule which it deserved,
and asked him, ' Where is the rank and file ? ' to which he
gave no answer, and I turned my back on him.
February Wth. — I was told by a lady just returned from
Paris that, at a party at the Tuileries, Madame Korsakoff
appeared in a dress cut almost down to her waist, looped

1866 A SINGLE-BARRELLED BILL. 349
up at the knee, and with a very long train. A gentleman
happening to tread upon it, she turned round very angrily,
saying, ' Fichu maladroit ! ' to which he replied, ' Madame,
le fichu serait mieux sur vos epaules que dans votre bouche.'
March 8th. — Second reading Church Rates Abolition Bill
passed the Commons by 285 against 252.
March llth. — Had a conversation with Lord Bath, and
learnt from him that he wished for a coalition under a Whig
Premier, but, although Gladstone is not called a Whig, I
believe he was the man meant.
March Wth. — Gladstone introduced the Reform Bill this
afternoon, and Barrington called soon after ten, and told me
it was very iU received by the House. It is what is called a
single-barrelled bill — i.e. only treats the question of the
franchise and not the redistribution of seats, and is very
unfair for the county constituencies, as it gives great pre
ponderating power to the towns. The general impression is
that it cannot pass,
March Wth. — I have had a very severe attack of gout in
both knees and feet, I find our party are desponding about
the Reform BiU ; but Mr, Lowe, who opposes it, and who is
Lord Lansdowne's member for Calne, says he can infiuence
from thirty to thirty-five votes, and if so we are safe. The
' Times,' too, is beginning to write against it.
March 20th. — Lord Grosvenor' has given notice of an
amendment to the second reading of the Reform Bill, to the
effect 'that, in the opinion of the House, it is inexpedient to
1 Now Duke of Westminster.

350 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
discuss a bill for the reduction of the franchise in England
and Wales until the House has before it the entire scheme
contemplated by the Government.' ' This was received by
the Opposition with loud cheers, and Ministers looked
furious as much at its being brought on by the son of a
great Whig Peer as at the resolution itself. This is the first
symptom of desertion from them, and it will probably not be
the last.
March 22nd. — Lady Derby has been at the point of death,
having had congestion of the lungs. She had mistaken her
doctor's order, and continued to lower herself, and had taken
no nourishment for thirty-six hours ; and when the doctor,
who lives in the house, went to see her, she was sinking so
fast, that he sent Fred Stanley to Lord Derby to say that
she had not ten minutes to live; but he, being confined to
his bed by a severe attack of gout, could not go to her, and
sent her a farewell message by Lady Constance, who for
tunately consulted the doctor before giving it ; as he pre
vented her doing so, saying, ' A mouse running across the
room might kill her.' Happily her life has been spared.
I hear the Dukes of Cleveland and Sutherland, Lord
Lichfield, and other 'Whig Peers are against Gladstone's
Reform BiU, but I am afraid the Government have got back
some of Mr. Lowe's friends. The Queen of the French died
yesterday at Claremont, aged eighty-two ; she survived her
husband sixteen years.
March 30th. — There are rumours of war between Austria
and Prussia, on the subject of Holstein, which Prussia intends
to annex. Thus the two spoUers are following the usual
course under such circumstances.
1 History repeats itself, e.g. 1884, but not the Duke of Westminster.

1866 REJECTION OF MALT TAX. 351
April Wth. — The debate last night in the House of
Commons was interesting, Gladstone not explaining any
thing, but personal and abusive of Mr. Lowe, who made
a spirited reply. Lord Grosvenor made a gentlemanlike
speech in proposing his resolution, and Lord Stanley a
magnificent one in seconding it, which is the finest and
most statesmanlike speech Stanley has ever made.
April Wth. — We went to the private view of the portrait
gallery at South Kensington. The light is perfect, and the
pictures are weU arranged. There are several of Mary Queen
of Scots, but almost all different. None give one the idea
of the great beauty she is supposed to have possessed. It
was probably the prestige of her manner and of her great
misfortunes that gained her this reputation,
April Wth. — Sir Fitzroy Kelly moved the rejection of
the malt tax in the Commons, and was beaten by 235 to 150,
From Lord Derby to Lord Malmesbury.
St. James's Square : April 22, 1866.
My dear Malmesbury, — Whatever may be my regret at the deci
sion which you have come to, as announced in your letter of Friday, I
cannot say that it has taken me by surprise, or that I think your
objections, with your frequent attacks of ill-health, to take an ofBce
involving such incessant and anxious labour as the F. 0. are un
answerable. Tour withdrawal will no doubt increase the difiiculties
of my position if I should be called on again to attempt the task of
forming a Government ; and though I should still hope to have the
advantage of your services in some less hard-worked department,
I confess that I do not, in the present state of parties; see my way
to acceptance of office. I know that the disappointment of our
friends, should I be called on and decline, will be very great ; but
I cannot, especially in the present unsettled state of affairs both at
home and abroad, again undertake the duty without at least a

352 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
reasonable prospect of an assured majority. And even if we should
succeed in carrying Lord Grosvenor's amendment, of which there is
a fair prospect, the men who would vote with us on that question
are so diametrically opposed to us on others of no less importance
that, even if they had leaders with whom it would be more easy to
confer than with those apparently at their head, I do not see how
we could come to such an understanding as would enable us to
carry on a Government together ; and of the ordinary supporters of
the present Administration, who will reluctantly go with them on
this occasion, I cannot look to any who would have the courage to
break off from their party to support a Government of which
Disraeli and I should be the leaders. The prospect, however, of
my being sent for, with whatever result, is sufficiently near to make
it necessary to consider all possible courses, and I should be very
glad to have an opportunity of talking the matter over with you,
if you could call here at almost any hour to-morrow or Tuesday.
On that day I am going over to Accrington for three nights, but
I shall not go down till after the House of .Lords on that evening,
when I must say a word or two on the Qualification for OflGices
Bill. Tours sincerely, Debet.
The Earl of Malmesbury, G.C.B.
April 23rd. — Every day increases the probability that the
Government will be turned out on the second reading of the
Reform Bill. I have told Lord Derby that my health will
not allow me to take the Foreign Office again, and he was
very kind about it, though he said it would add to his diffi
culties. He will, I hope, give the place to Lord Stanley, if
he accepts office, which is doubtful, as the majority against
us in the Commons is greater than in 1852 or 1858, and
there is little chance of a coalition strengthening us suffi
ciently or permanently.
April 28th. — The second reading of the Reform Bill has
passed by a majority of five only. At twelve o'clock I went
to Disraeli and Lord Derby to tell them that I had seen
Lord GranvUle, who said that Sir George Grey had gone

1865 ITALY ARMING. 353
down to Windsor, so it is evident that Ministers have
resigned. May 1st. — Everything looks warlike, and I am afraid
Austria will be crushed. Prussia and Italy are evidently
in league together, and Count Apponyi suspects Louis
Napoleon will join them for the purpose of getting the
Rhine Provinces as the price of his assistance. Toung Lord
Lansdowne ' called, and is giving our party all his aid.
May 3rd. — Lady Augustus Loftus ^ called, and said that
when she left Berlin a few days ago the prospects of peace
were improved ; that Bismarck is the only person in the whole
kingdom that wants war.
May 4th. — M. Rouher has declared that France will be
strictly neutral between Prussia and Austria, and, if Italy
attacks the latter, she must take the consequences. Lady
A. Loftus told me that Victor Emanuel asked whether
Prussia really meant to fight this time, and, on being
answered in the affirmative, replied that this woiUd be biss
opportunity. Italy has certainly been arming for the last
month, which has of course occasioned a corresponding
demonstration on the part of Austria; and the Prussians
have cooUy objected to their increasing their army in
Venetia. The French might as well object to our sending
troops to Ireland.
May 8th. — Gladstone brought forward his bill for the
redistribution of seats. By grouping boroughs in Schedule A,
' This was the young Lord Lansdowne who died in 1866. His father,
the eminent statesman, died in 1863.
'' Lord Augustus Loftus was our Ambassador at Vienna.
VOL. II. A A

354 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
and taking one member from boroughs in Schedule B, he
gains forty-nine seats. He proposes giving twenty-six to
the counties, sixteen to boroughs, and seven to Scotland.
The prospect of peace diminishes every day, and the
Emperor Napoleon's speech at Auxerre will encourage the
war party. He says : ' This department was the first to
give me its suffrages in 1848, because it knew, with the
majority of the French people, that its interests were my
interest, and that I detested equally with them those treaties
of 1815 which it is now sought to make the sole basis of our
foreign policy.' This speech has produced great conster
nation at Paris, No one now doubts that an understanding
exists between M, de Bismarck, France, and Italy, as
against Austria. It is also rumoured that the Emperor
never mentioned the treaties of 1815 in his speech, but sent
the paragraph to the ' Moniteur ' on his return to Paris with
that addition. This makes it rather worse.
May Wth. — General Peel, whom I met to-day, is con
fident that the House of Commons wUl throw out the Reform
Bill, but Mr, Lowe says that he has no material to work
with, as people are so fuU of crotchets,
June 1st. — Lord Chesterfield died of a paralytic stroke.
A very amiable man, and who had led the fashion in his
day. June 3rd. — Sir Henry Wolff called. Says the Conference
is given up, and war will break out directly ; also that the
Government have promised the AduUamites to withdraw the
Reform Bill altogether if they will steadily support them on
all other occasions, Th"e compromise is a disgrace to both

1866 PRINCESS SIARY'S MARRIAGE, 355
parties. That is their affair, and we are, of course, too glad
to get rid of this foolish bUl,'
June 5th. — The scene in the House of Commons yester
day was extraordinary when Captain Hayter's amendment
was introduced. Lord Grosvenor declared he would vote
against it, though he thought the Government bill a very
bad one, but he has such confidence in Lord Clarendon that
he was afraid of a change of Government, which would
deprive the country of his services, Disraeli made a good
speech in reply to prove that Lord Clarendon had failed in
everything he undertook, and Captain Hayter withdrew his
resolution. June Wth. — Princess Mary's marriage with Prince Teck
took place this morning. Count Karolyi, the Austrian
Ambassador, has received orders from his Government to
leave Berlin directly in consequence of the interference of
Prussia in Holstein, which is a direct infringement of the
treaty of Gastein and a casus belli. M. Rouher read a letter
from the Emperor Napoleon to M. Drouyn de I'Huys in the
Corps Legislatif, in which he says, ' That, had the Con
ference assembled, his Government would have declared that
France repudiated all idea of territorial aggrandisement so
long as the European equilibrium remained undisturbed ;
that France would only think of an extension of her frontier
in the event of the map of Europe being altered to the profit
of a Great Power. France would, therefore, continue to
observe an attentive neutrality.'
' The AduUamites obtained that name when Lord Grosvenor divided
the House on the second reading of the Reform Bill, and rallied round him
a variety of politicians, who were compared to those who took refuge in the
Cave of Adidlam. A A 2

356 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MESTISTER. 1866
June Wth. — News has been received that the Prussians
have invaded Hanover and Saxony, so the war has begun.
June Wth. — I found the poor Grand Duchess of Mecklen
burg very unhappy. They are obliged to return directly on
account of the war, fearing that Prussia will seize their
territory. June Wth. — The Government were beaten last night by
a majority of eleven on Lord Dunkellin's amendment to
substitute rating for rental. The numbers were 304 — 315.
June 20th. — Gladstone announced yesterday that, in con
sequence of the vote of the previous night, the Government
had communicated with the Queen at Balmoral, and Parlia
ment would be adjourned until next Monday. Lord RusseU
made the same declaration in the Lords.
June 22nd. — We dined at the Tankervilles', and met Sir
Robert and Lady Emily Peel, Mr. and Mrs. Lowe, Lord
Abercorn, and Lord Dunkellin. Mrs. Lowe told me what I
had heard from Lord Cranborne, that the AduUamites
would not join Lord Derby, as they looked upon that as
ratting, but were ready to coalesce with our party under
Lord Stanley. This plot is therefore ripening, but it remains
to be seen whether it can be put in execution. There is to
be a debate upon foreign affairs to-morrow, and an attack
upon Lord Clarendon, which, if successful, will be a vindi
cation of my poUcy in 1859. Kinglake brings it on, and
Sir Robert Peel supports him. The object is to show the
injustice of accusing the Tory party of incapacity because
they did not prevent the war of 1859 between Austria and

1866 BATTLE OF CUSTOZZA. 357
Sardinia, whilst the Whigs have made precisely the same
failure this year.
June 25th. — A battle has been fought by the Italians,
under the King, and the Austrians, commanded by Archduke
Albert, near Verona. It lasted all day, and ended by the
defeat of the Italians, who recrossed the Mincio. The
Archduke has named it the ' Battle of Custozza.'
June 26th. — By her invitation. Lady Malmesbury went to
see Lady Palmerston, who was much affected at seeing her,
and talked a great deal about Lord Palmerston, regretting
he had not given up office, as she thought if he had he
might be alive now. Lady Malmesbury told her she felt
sure it would have made no difference, only that he would
have lost his interest in and enjoyment of the last months of
his existence ; for, having spent almost all his life in office,
he would have missed the occupation dreadfully. Lady
Palmerston was pleased to say that she regretted my inten
tion of giving up the Foreign Ofiice hereafter, and said she
did so the more that her husband considered me the fittest
man for it in our party. In further conversation she added
that he had very serious apprehensions respecting Gladstone's
future career, and considered him a very dangerous and
reckless politician.
June 27th. — Lord Russell and Gladstone both announced
that the Government had resigned, and the Queen accepted
their resignation. I had an interview with Lord Derby this
morning, and advised him, if sent for, to tell the Queen what
was said about Lord Stanley being supported by a section of
the Moderates. Forty AduUamites would join him, whilst
only twelve would join Lord Derby.

358 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
After Lord Palmerston's death, which followed the
dissolution of Parliament, the Liberal Government met the
session with a nominal majority of seventy, believing them
to be staunch supporters of Lord Russell, whereas many of
them were Palmerstonians, and, as such, against Reform
bills. The Government brought one in, but it was intro
duced in a piecemeal form and at once disgusted the House.
Gladstone's want of temper rendered the measure still more
unpopular, and its fate was settled by Lord Dunkellin, who
beat Ministers by eleven. They threatened a dissolution,
but found they would lose by it. The Queen being on a
visit to Osborne for ten days, refused to shorten her stay,
and the country remained for a month with Government
in abeyance. At last Her Majesty returned, and appointed
Lord Derby Prime Minister. He tried to form a coalition
with some Whigs, and invited Lord Clarendon and the Duke
of Somerset to join him. They refused. He then did the
same by the AduUamites, most of whom also declined.
Toung Lord Lansdowne, who, at their head, had promised
to support him, died suddenly, and this accident increased
his difficulties. Encouraged by a meeting of twenty-three
leading Conservatives, held at his house. Lord Derby formed
the following Cabinet : — Lord ChanceUor, Lord Chelmsford ;
President of the Council, Duke of Buckingham ; Privy Seal,
Lord Malmesbury; Secretary for Home, Walpole; Secretary
for Foreign Affairs, Lord Stanley ; Secretary for War,
General Peel ; Secretary for Colonies, Lord Carnarvon ;
Secretary for India, Lord Cranborne ; Poor Law Board, Mr.
Hardy ; Board of Trade, Sir S. Northcote ; Chancellor of the
Exchequer, Mr. Disraeli ; Secretary for Ireland, Lord Naas ;
Board of Works, Lord John Manners ; Admiralty, Sir John
Pakington.

1860 ' A WIFE AND A HOUSE.' 35U
June 28. — The Prussians are said to have been defeated
in a great battle near Josefstadt.
July 1st. — The Due de Richelieu and Lord Bath called,
the latter very angry at Lord Derby's not giving up the
formation of a Government when the AduUamites and
Whigs refused to join him. The news from Germany is very
unsatisfactory, but so confused that one may hope it is not
so bad as it appears. Count Apponyi told me there was
no reason to be discouraged at anything that has taken
place, as Benedek declares himself quite satisfied; but a
great battle is imminent. The Due de Richelieu says that the
feeling in Paris in every class is for the Austrians, and when
the news arrived of their victory at Custozza, the French
soldiers wanted to illuminate their barracks. This may
prevent the Emperor interfering. Madame Apponyi told
Lord Stanley there were two things he required to fit him
to be Foreign Minister — namely, a wife and a house. He
replied that a wife was easily got in London, but a house
was much more difficult.
July 2nd. — We had a dinner for the Duchess of Cam
bridge. Hardwickes, Wiltons, Barringtons, Tankervilles,
Dalkeith, ColvUle, Sir Hugh Rose, Mr. Corry, and Lord
Cadogan. The Duchess of Cambridge is very low, bad news
having been received of the Austrian army, which seems to
have had the worst of it in several engagements. The
needle-gun gives the Prussians an immense superiority, as it
is a breechloader, and fires at least five shots to one of the
common muskets.
July 4th. — There are reports of a great battle, in which
the Austrians have been defeated, near Koniggratz.

360 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
July 5th. — The news of the battle between the Austrians
and Prussians near Koniggratz is confirmed. It lasted
thirteen hours. The Austrians fought gallantly, but were
overpowered by numbers, and the Prussians have taken 1,400
prisoners and 116 guns. Field-Marshal von Gablenz is stated
to have gone to the Prussian head-Cjuarters with a fiag of
truce. Prince Lichtenstein and Count Windischgratz are
taken prisoners. Three archdukes are wounded. The
handsome Count Festetics, who was the great dandy at
Milan, has lost a leg. The Austrians have given up Venetia
to the Emperor of the French, so that the consequence of
this defeat is terrible.
July 7th. — Received the account of the death of young
Lord Lansdowne, which took place yesterday. Whilst play
ing at whist at his club he was seized with paralysis, and
became insensible till he died. I went to Windsor to-day
with all my colleagues to receive the seals of office. A
violent thunderstorm came on whilst we were there. The
extraordinary success of the Prussians has alarmed all
nations, who must lose no time in adopting the breech-
loading gun, the main cause of their success. The muzzle-
loading musket must be consigned to the company of bows
and arrows,
July 9th. — The Prussians and Italians have agreed to an
armistice of six weeks. The Italians ask to occupy two of
the fortresses of the Quadrilateral at once ; not a very modest
request, considering that they have been lately defeated on
every occasion. The House of Lords was quite full of peers
and ladies to-day. Lord Derby entered soon after five,
looking very pale and nervous when he rose to address the

1866 BATTLE OF SADOWA. 361
House. His speech was good, and some parts very eloquent ;
but he was evidently enfeebled by illness. He was cautious
in what he said about reform, declaring that he would not
commit himself. He was followed by Lords Russell and
Brougham, both looking very old and broken.
July Wth. — The accounts of the battle of Koniggriitz
(now called the battle of Sadowa) are most disastrous ; the
Austrian defeat has been complete, and, coming at the
moment when they thought themselves victorious, the dis
appointment is harder to bear. Benedek had unaccountably
left the key of his position unguarded, and the Prussians
forced their way through his rear. He also had posted
himself with a river in his rear, and without any bridges
to facUitate retreat_, so that many Austrians were drowned.
The Austrians, having given up Venetia to the French,
have withdrawn their troops, so the Italians may take
possession without resistance, if the French allow them to do
so. The Italians, on their part, refused to receive Venetia
from the French, and Cialdini has crossed the Po.
July Wth. — Nothing can be worse than the news from
abroad since Sadowa. There have been various engagements,
in all of which the Pnissians have been victorious, and they
are in possession of Olmiitz. The Emperor Joseph has,
however, refused the conditions of the armistice, and will go
on with the war. Benedek is superseded by the Archduke
Albert, who beat the Italians at Custozza. The Austrians
have retired from Venetia to join the main army at Vienna,
only leaving garrisons in the fortresses. Louis Napoleon's
mediation has come to nothing.
July 21st. — Disraeli made a speech on economy. Paking-

362 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
ton showed the navy to be in a very low state, and wished
to build six turret-ships. The late First Lord, the Duke of
Somerset, had spent much time and money in experiments,
and there are not ships enough for our reliefs. The navy of
France is superior in ironclads to ours, and that of Italy and
Russia combined equal to ours. Disraeli would not believe
this, and refused even 50,000L to begin the turret ships.
General Peel has ordered breechloaders for our army.
July 22nd. — Notices were posted to say Mr, Beales's
meeting of the Reform League would not be permitted in
Hyde Park to-morrow, and that the gates would be closed,
July 23rd. — The Reform League, after a notice to that
effect, accompanied by an army of roughs, demanded an
entrance into Hyde Park, This was refused ; and their
processions, headed by Mr, Beales and Colonel Dickson, of
notorious memory, proceeded to Trafalgar Square ; but the
mob, to the amount of some 20,000, invaded the Park, tore
down the iron railings, and were not driven out till after a
desperate battle with the police, with the assistance of the
Life Guards,
July 24th. — Walpole, Home Secretary, determined to
guard the park with police and troops. Another affray took
place between seven and ten, when the cavalry cleared the
park; the roughs had passed the day in pelting carriages
and people in the park,
July 27th. — These outrages have continued till to-day,
when the Duke of Cambridge has decided that three more
regiments of cavalry should be brought up if these demonstra
tions do not cease.

1866 'ALABAMA' CLAIMS. 363
July 2Sth. — Quiet is restored in London. The prelimi
naries of peace between Austria and Prussia were signed at
Nicholsburg, A naval engagement took place at Lissa
between the Italian fiect, commanded by Admiral Persano
(the man who betrayed the King of Naples), and Admiral
Tegethoff, commanding the Austrian fleet, in which the
Italian flagship, an ironclad, was run down and sunk by
Tegethoff's fiagship,
August llth. — Parliament was prorogued,
September 1st, Heron Court. — The ratification of peace
between Austria and Prussia was exchanged yesterday at
Prague. September Wth. — I got a letter from Lord Stanley, saying
he fears the Americans intend to renew their claims for com
pensation for the mischief done by the ' Alabama.'
September 23rd. — The Italians are making preparations
for celebrating the expulsion of the Austrians whilst they
are still in Venice ; their doing so with impunity speaks well
for the good-nature of the Austrians. The Emperor Napoleon
has gone to Biarritz. He returned very ill from Vichy.
November 1st, London. — Lady Paget and Sir Augustus
came to-day to luncheon.
There is a horrible account in to-day's ' Times ' of the
atrocities committed at Palermo, encouraged by the monks
and nuns, who themselves took part in them. The monks
actually roasted one poor man alive, and another was con
demned to be bitten to death, which was done by the women.
I saw some despatches to-day confirming this account.

364 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1866
Dined with the Derbys, and met Sir Augustus and Lady
Paget, Lord Carnarvon, Lord John Manners, Sir Stafford
Northcote, and Lord Stanley. The Pagets start for Lisbon
to-morrow, where he is appointed Minister.
November 9th. — Went at six o'clock to Guildhall to
attend the Lord Mayor's annual dinner. Lord Derby made
a very good speech and was greatly cheered. So was
Disraeli. The dinner was over about eleven o'clock, which
is earlier than usual.
November Wth. — I called upon Princess Edward, and
found Lady Mary Craven there, both in the greatest alarm at
hearing a report that the Prince of Wales has been kiUed in
Russia. My arrival comforted them, for, as I knew nothing
of it, it was evident that nothing had happened, or a telegram
would have been received at the Foreign Ofiice, and com
municated to the Ministers. The two ladies were studying
Zadkiel's almanack, and appeared to place implicit confidence
in it, there being a prediction that some accident is to
happen to the Prince in 1867.
November 1 7th. — I forgot to mention that on the night
of the 13th, from twelve to four in the morning, a wonderful
fall of aerolites took place. It had been foretold by the
astronomers, but the newspapers made so little of it that we
did not sit up, and missed a sight that will never occur
again in our lifetime. On this occasion there were above a
thousand of these meteors.
Mr. Barrington says he likes his place of private secretary
to Lord Derby very much, and Lord Derby praises him.
December 1st. — I am invited by Her Majesty to Windsor,

1866 THE FOUR FRANCIHSIOS. 365
and have sent an excuse to the Charteris', to whom I was
engaged. December 6th. — I returned from Windsor after two days.
The Queen was very gracious, and complimented me upon
the way I had conducted the Foreign Office when I was
secretary for that department.

1867
January 3rd, Heron Court. — Lord Bath and Mr. Ben
tinck arrived. The thermometer has been down to 9°,
and never rose above 17° all day. We killed fifty head of
wUd-fowl, January 22nd. — ^Went to London to attend a Cabinet,

Cabinets every day to the end of the month; some at
Lord Derby's, who was iU with the gout.
Parliament was opened by the Queen on February 5.

February llth. — Disraeli laid our Reform Resolutions on
the table. He dissatisfied the House by too long and
ambiguous a speech.
February Wth. — New plan on Reform proposed by Disraeli.
Four franchises, namely — 51. rated house; 501. in savings
bank ; an educational franchise ; and direct taxation, sup
posed, in its result, to give 680,000 voters to property and
360,000 to democracy. General Peel positively objects. The
Press, in a body, abuse our resolution.

366 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1867
February Wth. — Cabinet on Reform. General Peel gives
way, as he is the only dissentient.
February 20th. — Am summoned to Heron Court by Lady
Malmesbury's dangerous illness.

She was unable to leave her bed till March 23. For
three weeks she was given over, without hope of recovery,
with congestion of the lungs. She was out of danger on
the 20th, and her recovery regarded as miraculous. Mean
while, after a Cabinet held on Saturday, Feb. 22, at which
no difiiculty occurred, and after Lord Derby's having gone
down to Windsor to announce unanimity of the Cabinet, on
Sunday night Lord Cranborne informed Lord Carnarvon
that he could not agree to the Reform Bill as it stood,
and must resign. Lord Carnarvon did the same, and at
8.30 on Feb, 25 they wrote to Lord Derby to call a
Cabinet at twelve for Lord Cranborne to explain his ob
jections. The confusion may be conceived, as at two p.m.
Lord Derby had summoned his party to hear the new Bill,
and Disraeli was to explain it at five in the House of
Commons, It was a paralysis. The dissentients were now
joined by General Peel, who refused to remain (he had
dissented from the first), and in half-an-hour, at Stanley's
suggestion, they agreed to meet the M,P,s with a bill
founded on the 61. and 20Z. rating, to which the trio agreed.
This crude action exposed us to great condemnation and
ridicule,' No doubt the best thing in such a position would
have been to accept the resignation of these three able
and honourable men (however serious the loss), and to tell
^ It was nicknamed the ' Six; Hours' Reform Bill.' The seceders refused
to adopt household sufirage and duality.

1867 DISTRACTED COUNCILS. 367
the truth to Parliament, deferring the Bill for a week, I
wrote a strong letter to Lord Derby from Heron Court
begging him to do this. The following Saturday it was
done, and the Dukes of Richmond and Marlborough, and
Mr. Corry, took the vacant seats in the Cabinet — the first as
Board of Trade, the second as Colonial, Secretary ; the third
as First Lord of the Admiralty ; Northcote, India ; and
Pakington, War Office, The statement made by Lords
Cranborne and Carnarvon was that Disraeli and Baxter
had completely mistaken their figures, and that the results
would not be what we intended and would be perfectly
fatal. From Lord John Manners to Lord Malmesbury.
10 Downing St. : Feb. 26, 1867.
My dear Malmesbury, — I am truly sorry to hear of the cause of
your absence from our distracted councils, and hope you will soon
be able to bring a better account of Lady Malmesbury. I really
hardly know where we are, bnt yesterday we were suddenly
brought together to hear that Cranborne and Carnarvon withdrew
unless we gave up household suffrage and duality, upon which
announcement Peel said that, although he had given up his opposi
tion when he stood alone, now he must be added to the remonstrant
Ministers. Stanley then proposed that to keep us together the 61.
and 201. rating should be adopted, which, after much discussion,
was agreed to. We have decided to abandon the Resolutions alto
gether, and to issue the Boundary Commission ourselves. We aro
in a very broken and disorganised condition. Ever yours truly,
John Manners.
From the same to the same.
10 Downing St. : Feb. 28, 1867.
My dear Malmesbury, — I cannot tell you how sorry I was to
read the sad opening sentence of your letter this morning. But I
will obey your wish and send you a few words on the political

368 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1867
situation. A meeting of Conservative M.P.s was held at the
Carlton to-day. Sir M. W. Ridley in the chair; between 120 and
150 present. Much difference of opinion, no resolutions passed,
but a general disposition evinced in favour of rated residential
household suffrage v. 61. rating and an equal division of new seats
between the counties and boroughs. An anxious desire expressed
that we should fix upon the franchise we thought best and then
stick to it, declining to cany our opponents' measures. They (our
opponents) are, I believe, in equal difficulties, and are quite unable
to take office at present. On the whole, though the situation is
dangerous, I don't think it desperate. Ever yours truly,
John Manners.
March Wth, London. — To-day, all danger being now over,
and having been allowed, by Lord Derby's kindness, to
remain with my wife and attend her, I came up to town and
heard that during my absence my dear old friend. Lady
Jersey, had died, suddenly and without suffering, at the age
of eighty. She was a most remarkable woman, and almost
a European personage, for no crowned head or representative
of royalty ever landed in England without immediately
calling upon her and being found in her salon during his
stay. Being, herself, the head of Child's bank, she had a
very large fortune, and her husband might be said to be in
manners and appearance le plus grand seigneur of his day.
After a prosperous and exceptionally remarkable life she
died, having lost, before its close, within a short time of each
other, her husband and all her children, who had grown up
to maturity, still showing, to the last, the courage and cool
ness for which she was famous,
March 23rd. — On Reform Bill, Dual vote given up,
March 25th. — Second reading of Reform Bill carried
without a division, after a masterly speech of Disraeli's,

1867 THE GARRISON OF LUXEMBURG. 369
March 30th to April 6lh. — Continual Cabinets on Reform
BiU, Lord Derby being absent from gout,
April 13th. — Continued arguments in the Cabinets re
specting the Reform Bill. Lord Derby still ill, Prussia
has agreed to a conference respecting the garrison of Luxem
burg, If she does not evacuate the place. Napoleon says he
is resolved to make war. During the past week Gladstone
resigned his leadership of the Opposition.
From Lord Stanley to Lord Malmesbury.
Foreign OfSce : April 23, 1807.
Dear Malmesbury, — Peace or war depends on whether Bismarck
consents to withdraw the Prussian garrison from Luxemburg. If
he consents, France will raise no difficulties as to the disposal of
the territory. If he refuses, the Emperor must fight. He (Bis
marck) is gone off into the country, evidently with the idea of
escaping from inquiry and discussion till he can make up his mind.
This is all we know, but any day or hour may bring decisive news.
We are asked to use our good offices, and are advising Prussia
to give way, as the concession is slight, the justice of the claim un
questionable, and no other course holds out a hope of preserving
peace. I am not sanguine of averting a war, but in three or four days
we shall probably know more. Ever yours, Stanley.
May. — Cabinets all May on Reform Bill, The laissez-aller
system followed by the Government, trying to make the best
they could of it, but constantly yielding something. The
Conservative members seem disposed to adopt anything, and
to think that it is ' in for a penny, in for a pound,' Seventy-
two of them voted against their leaders upon Mr, Baines's
motion to take one member from every borough whose
population was below 10,000, Government was beaten by
127, thus abolishing fifteen members returned by the
VOL. II. B B

370 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1867
agricultural interest, which will lose immensely by this
biU. The Sultan is coming to London. The Queen will not
invite any of the other sovereigns who are at Paris. She
appeared in state to lay the first stone of the Hall of Arts,'
and then went off to Balmoral on May 22.
From the Queen of Holland to Lord Malmesbury. Hague : May 4, 1867.
Dear Lord Malmesbury, — The bearer of these lines. Baron Fagel,
heir to one of the best historical names of Holland, wishes to be
introduced to you, and I cannot refuse him a few lines, as I well
remember all your kindness when I had the happiness of being in
London, two years ago.
Baron Fagel inherited all the papers of his uncle. Ambassador
Fagel, who was the intimate friend of your grandfather. He pos
sesses numerous letters of Lord M., several of which (those of the
year 1813) I have read and found most interesting and curious,
showing the elevated mind, the clear judgment of this eminent
statesman. If they were published, they would throw ligbt on the
events and transactions of the beginning of the century, and I have
advised Baron Fagel to undertake it.
I am of opinion — and I hope you will share it— that, when a
certain time has elapsed, those documents belong to history, which
is often better explained by the familiar letters of a political man
than by official documents, where only part of the truth can appear.
May I beg you to remember me to Lady Malmesbury, whose
health has caused us very serious uneasiness ?
Believe me, dear Lord Malmesbury, very sincerely yours, SOPHIA.2
1 Albert Hall.
^ The Queen was a very clever woman, and knew all the affairs of
Europe better than most Ministers. In 1871, after the sacking of the
Tuileries and the flight of the Empress from Paris, many public papers
were stolen and published, and among them several letters from the Queen
of Holland, giving the Emperor the best possible warning and advice as to
the hostile intentions of Prussia and its military force ; but they were laid
aside and unheeded, like those of StoiFel, the military French Attach(5 at
Berlin.

1807 MR. DISRAELI ON PROXIES. 371
June. — Several Cabinets during this month on the Reform
Bill, which each time became more Radical. The treaty of
London on Luxemburg was signed the llth of last month,
preventing the war between France and Prussia, both
sovereigns being glad of a way out of their dilemma.
The Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia visited
Paris, and the former was shot at.
After many vicissitudes, the Reform Bill came up to the
House of Lords, and Lord Derby moved the second reading
of the Reform Bill without a division, saying it was ' a leap
in the dark.' Peers on our side were averse to it, but, at a
meeting of them. Lord Derby said he would resign if it was
rejected. July 10th. — There is a very touching account in to-day's
papers of the Emperor Maximilian's execution. He died
like a Christian and a soldier. His poor wife has become
quite insane. The French expedition to Mexico and its
tragical end are a sad blot on Louis Napoleon's career.
Mr. Disraeli to Lord Malmesbury {on Proxies) .
July 10, 1867.
My dear Malmesbury, — The Constitution of this country is a
Monarchy, modified in its action by the co-ordinate authority of
Estates of the Realm. An Estate is a political order invested with
privilege for a public purpose.
There are three Estates — the Lords Spiritual, the Lords Tem
poral, and the Commons.
The Estates of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal being very
limited in number, their members can easily meet in their own
chamber. The Estate of the Commons being, on the contrary, very
numerous, choose, for convenience, representatives instead of hold
ing general meetings, like the Polish Diets.
The House of Commons is not an Estate of the Realm ; its
members are only the proxies of an Estate. B B 2

372 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1867
The Lords, in using proxies, possess and exercise the same
privilege as the Commons, no more ; and if it is not convenient for
them to attend the meetings of their orders, they have the right to
choose their representatives. Tours sincerely, B. Diseaeli.'
July Wth. — We went to the Horse Guards to see the
Sultan's entry into London. Two regiments of Life Guards
lined the street, and the Foot Guards occupied St. James's
Park. The Sultan has rather a melancholy, but noble,
expression of countenance. The Prince of Wales was in the
carriage by his side, and his ambassador, Musurus, opposite
him. July Wth. — Very stormy. Great fear entertained that
the naval review to-morrow cannot take place, as a telegram
arrived for the Admiralty saying that the ships at Spithead
were pitching bows under at their anchors,
July Wth. — The Sultan went to Portsmouth, and was
received on board the Queen's yacht off Osborne, He was
invested by her with the Order of the Garter. Lord Derby
had written to ask Her Majesty to give him the Star of
India. Fortunately, Fuad Pasha told Ossulston, who was
Lord Steward, that the Sultan would accept nothing but
the Garter. The Sultan has the Bath, and he considers the
Star of India less than the Bath, and would be much
offended if it was offered him. I wrote to Lord Derby at
' This letter from Lord Beaoonsfield was elicited, at my request, by the
motion of the late Lord Stanhope in the House of Lords, abolishing the use
of Proxies. It never was debated on really constitutional grounds, but
merely on that of convenience, and the Peers appeared to have no idea of
their origin, and that the custom was not a peculiar privilege or anomaly in
the Constitution.

1867 BALL TO THE SULTAN. 373
once ; and it was given him in grand style by the Queen
herself on the quarter-deck of the yacht, in the midst of the
howling of the storm and the roaring of the cannon. As it
was done in a hurry, there was no ribbon ready, so the Queen
took the Prince of Hesse's ribbon, intending that it should
be changed for a new one afterwards, but the Sultan refused
to give it up, saying that the one he had was given him by
the Queen, and that he would wear no other.
July Wth. — A splendid ball was given at the India Office
to the Sultan. It was quite a fairy scene ; but a melancholy
event occurred, which will throw a gloom over the rest
of the Sultan's visit. Madame Musurus, the wife of the
Turkish Ambassador, was taken ill whilst leading her com
pany to supper, and suddenly dropped down dead. As I
was walking with Lady Manners through the ball-room,
her dead body was carried out close to us.
July 29th. — Lord Derby is stiU confined to his bed, and I
have to conduct the Reform Bill through Committee in the
House of Lords. This is no easy work, especially with
many of our men against me. Lord Cairns,' for one, carried
an amendment against me by a large majority.
August 6th. — Lord Derby came down to the House, and
gave up the 101. for 15Z. The third reading passed.
September 27th. — Garibaldi has been arrested, just as he
was going to invade the Papal States. A few demonstrations
have taken place in his favour, but all were easily dispersed
by the troops, and Italy is quite quiet.
1 The amendment was to raise the lodger franchise from 101. to 151.

374 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1867
October Wth. — I went to London, on my way to Man
chester, to attend a Cabinet and a dinner given by Lord
Derby. The attendance was very large, and Lord Derby's
reception enthusiastic.
October 27th. — Garibaldi has escaped from Caprera, and
has joined the insurgents near the Roman frontier. The
Papal Zouaves have behaved gallantly and defeated the
insurgents on every occasion. An attempt at insurrection
has been made in Rome, but has failed ; the population have
no Avish to join it. There is no doubt that the Italian
Government have been favouring the movement, and that
Louis Napoleon's firmness, and the demonstration he has
made at Toulon, has frightened them.
November 1st. — The French army have landed at Civita
Vecchia, and the Italian troops have crossed the frontier.
Garibaldi is within three miles and a half of Rome. It will
be very difficult now to prevent a collision between the
French and Italians, and if, in that case, the Prussians
interfere on behalf of Italy, there may be a general war.
November 4th. — Dr, Gull called and said that Lady
Malmesbury must go to Pau, and that it would be very un
safe and dangerous for her to stay in England during the
winter, November 18th.— A Radical mob, calling themselves a
deputation, forced themselves into the Home Office, Mr,
Hardy refused to see them and sent for the police, but Sir
R, Mayne could not be found, which created a delay, and in
the meantime Mr. Finlen, an obscure man, made a most in-

1867 FENIAN EXECUTIONS. 375
cendiary speech, threatening that for every Fenian judicially
murdered the life of some eminent man would be taken.
November Wth. — Very cold. Parliament was opened by
Commission. November 20th. — The Duke of Cambridge dined with
us, also the Tankervilles, Saxe-Weimars, Stanhopes, John
Manners, Macdonalds, Derbys, Wharncliffes, and Sir Edwin
Landseer. November 22nd. — There was a meeting yesterday at
Clerkenwell, to petition the Queen to pardon the Fenians,
but it was a failure. Two thousand working men at Man
chester have offered to act as special constables, and have
been sworn in. News from Italy says that the King is bent
upon going to Rome, even at the risk of war with France.
November 23rd. — The three Fenian murderers were
executed this morning at Manchester.
November 24th. — A procession to sympathise with the
men who were hanged took place this afternoon in Hyde
Park. December 2nd. — Lord Derby having given me leave to
attend Lady Malmesbury to Pau, we started, embarked at
Folkestone, and proceeded to Paris. The cold is dreadful,
the whole country covered with snow. We have a good
apartment, but a very cold one, at the Hotel Meurice.
December 5th. — We could not get the temperature of our

376 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1867
room above 50°, Lord Edward Thynne called and paid us a
long visit, and, wanting to show us how to light a good fire
by some dodge of lighting the wood at the back, he set the
chimney on fire. The smoke came down in clouds, both in
the drawing-room and bed-room, and we were driven into
the dining-room, where we had to remain the rest of the
day, the other rooms being full of Pompiers, and uninhabit
able from the soot,
December 6th. — Left Paris for Bordeaux, At the station
a porter let a heavy foot-warmer of iron fall on Lady
Malmesbury's foot, causing the most dreadful pain, which
she bore without complaining until we got to Bordeaux, I
had no idea of the mischief done ; but on arriving there we
found the foot perfectly black and dreadfully infiamed,
December 9th. — After the appliance of some common
remedies, we left for and slept at Dax, Meanwhile, Lady
M.'s foot got much worse, and when we arrived at Pau the
surgeon pronounced it a very serious injury. We found
an excellent house, well furnished, with a beautiful view of
the Pyrenees, taken for "ihs by Baillie of Dochfour ; but the
cold was so fearful that we could not get the thermometer
above 50°, generally ranging from 42° to 47° in the drawing-
room. I put on my duck-shooting costume, and sat shiver
ing by the fire, unable to get warm.
December 10th. — Mr. Bagnall, the surgeon, arrived, and
looked very grave over Lady M,'s foot, saying the bone was
splintered. December Wth. — Heard from England that an attempt

1867 THE CLERKENWELL ICXPLOSION. 377
has been made to blow up ClerkenweU prison, and rescue
the Fenians, Burke and Casey.
December Wth. — Got an official telegram saying that the
report is true. The prison wall had been blown up, and
several houses opposite destroyed ; three people killed, and
forty wounded.
Miss Dashwood and I went to a play at Madame Paturle's,
the widow of a rich merchant who was made a peer by
Louis Philippe. The performance was an opera comique,
beautifuUv sung and acted.
December Wth. — It seems that some information of the
intended attempt to rescue Burke and Casey had reached the
Home Office. No one had any idea of the means that would
be employed ; but orders were given to take the prisoners
out for exercise at ten o'clock instead of three, so they were
not in the yard at the time the explosion took place. What
seems very strange is that the police, some members of which
speciaUy patrolled the prison, although without any detec
tive, never saw the barrel of gunpowder which was placed
close to the waU.
December 21st. — We have not seen the sun for four days.
This place has a very heavy, depressing atmosphere, and it
is a fact that one day, when I went into the club, I found
seven or eight of its members fast asleep, of which they all
complain, saying they cannot help it.
December 26th. — I left Lady Malmesbury and Miss
Dashwood to return to London, with a very unfavourable
impression of the climate of Pau, which however is a very
gay place, owing principally to the Russian society.

378 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1868

1868
January. — Several Cabinets met during the month with
out Lord Derby, whose illness kept him at Knowsley.
February and March, — On February 13 Parliament met,
Lord Derby still unable to come up ; and on the 16th there
came very alarming accounts of him. Lord Stanley sent for.
Lord Derby rallied two days afterwards, but resigned on
Monday, 24th. Next day, Disraeli, who was made Premier,
sent for me, and asked me to remain to lead the House of
Lords as Privy Seal. Previously, and foreseeing this event, the
Dukes of Richmond and Marlborough and I agreed to stand
together and support the Government of Disraeli or Stanley,
should the Queen appoint either of them to be Premier. I
afterwards found that Disraeli had offered the leadership of
the House of Lords to the Duke of Marlborough, who very
generously refused, saying that I had a prior claim, and had
filled the place to the satisfaction of the Peers.
Disraeli told me, on my going to see him, that he should
part with Lord Chancellor Chelmsford, and appoint Lord
Cairns, a very efficient addition to our strength in the Lords,
where our bench is comparatively weak in debate.
Lord Chelmsford (as Lord Derby told me, when in 1866
he formed his Government) was re-taken, only pro tem., and
it was settled that he should make way some day for Sir
H. Cairns. The health of the latter failed, and he took the
Chief Justiceship for Appeals, but refused a Peerage. In
1867, the House of Lords required more strength for
Appeals, and then Lord Cairns consented to be called up.

1868 MR. DISR.VELI'S FIRST CABINET. 379
This being the case. Lord Chelmsford had no right to be
angry at Disraeli's arrangement, but he was so, and appealed
to Lord Derby, who confirmed the decision, as being con
sistent with his original agreement. The fact is that
Disraeli should have written a letter to Lord Chelms
ford under the circumstances ; but I believe he did not
write to him at all, or, at aU events, not at first. Dis
raeli's first Cabinet met on Monday, March 2, Mr. Ward
Hunt being added to it, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, be
sides Cairns. He is a giant in body, being six feet four, and
weighing twenty stone. When he knelt to kiss hands, he
was even in that position taller than the Queen. I led the
House of Lords tiU the recess. No time was given them to
discuss or alter anything in the Reform Bill. A violent
altercation took place on the subject of the Lords altering the
boundaries as fixed by the Commons, in opposition to the
scheme of the Royal Commission. Walpole and Sir Stirling
Maxwell have completely thrown us over on the Commission,
and the Government was helpless, as they had not divided
once. From, Mr. Disraeli to Lord Malmesbury. March 2, 1868.
My Lord, — The lamented illness of Lord Derby having com
pelled his retirement from the head of affairs, I have been entrusted
by Her Majesty with the formation of a new Administration.
In making this announcement to your Lordship, permit me to
express an earnest hope that you will continue to the present
Government the same measure of support which you extended to
the last.
I should hardly presume to make such a request, had I not the
consolation of feeling that I am supported by the confidence of
Lord Derby.
I have the honour to remain, my Lord, your faithful servant,
B. DlSKAELl.

380 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1868
April 5th. — Government has been beaten on Lord Stanley's
amendment. We shall not resign, but dissolve, and meet a
new Pa.rliament.
April 22nd. — A gale has been blowing for the last three
days, and the French boats have not been able to cross till
to-day, when Lady Malmesbury arrived in Loudon from Pau.
April 24th. — The Duke of Buckingham called on me to
say that a telegram had just been received from Australia,
saying the Duke of Edinburgh had been attacked at a public
breakfast. The telegram in cypher was so unintelligible,
that it was impossible to make out whether he was killed
or wounded. The Duke wrote to Sir Charles Grey, leaving
it to his discretion to teU the Queen.
April 25th. — Another telegram has been received. The
Prince was shot at by a Fenian of the name of O'Farrell,
and was wounded in the back. The ball struck a rib near
the spine, and ran round his body, but without touching
any vital organ.
April 26th. — News has been received announcing the fall
of Magdala, and the Abyssinian king, Theodore, killed. The
battle took place on the plain before Magdala, on Good
Friday, and the Abyssinian ai-my was totally defeated
by General Napier,' Theodore sent all the prisoners to the
camp — men, women, and children ; but Napier insisted on
his surrendering himself a prisoner. This he refused, and
shut himself up in Magdala, a strong fortress, with those
troops that remained faithful. The fortress was stormed
' He was raised to the peerage with the title ' of Magdala.'

1868 A BITTER ATTACK. 381
and taken ; Theodore being found dead, though it is not
known whether he was killed or committed suicide.
The Duke of Edinburgh is going on well. The Duke of
Buckingham saw the Queen last Saturday at Osborne. She
cried at first, but soon recovered her calmness, and thanked
the Duke for coining down to Osborne.
May 2nd. — The Ministers are very angry with Disraeli
for going to the Queen without calling a Cabinet, and the
Duke of Marlborough wants to resign, but I have done all
I could to dissuade him from this course.
May 4th. — Disraeli, in the Commons, and I, in the House
of Lords, announced that the Queen had refused to accept
the resignation of her Ministers, and consented to dissolve
Parliament if necessary.
May 6th. — Gladstone made a bitter attack on the Go
vernment, saying that the above-mentioned speeches required
further explanation as to what passed between Disraeli
and the Queen, Disraeli said the permis.sion Her Majesty
gave him to dissolve only applied to the Irish Church
question, and, if other difficulties arose, he must of course
again refer to her. Nothing can exceed the anger of
Gladstone at Disraeli's elevation. He wanted to stop the
stipplies on Monday, the 4th, but found his party would not
go with him.
May 8th. — Second and third resolutions on the Irish
Church Bill came on first, and were passed without division,
but under protest from Disraeli ; after which a very angry
discussion ensued. Disraeli said the Irish Church question

382 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINTSTER. 1868
had introduced the elements of confusion, and its partisans
were already quarrelling over the plunder. Bright got up,
and attacked Disraeli in his most violent hustings style,
calling him pompous and servile, accusing him of deceiving
the Queen, &c, Disraeli replied in the most gentlemanlike
manner, and was cheered by both sides of the House,
May Wth. — We dined with the Hardwickes, and met
Lord Clarendon, who told some amusing stories of the
sayings of the Americans at Rome, One lady, who lived in
the Via Babuino, near a Jesuit propaganda college, said, ' I
live in Baboon Street, opposite one of the Pope's propagating
houses,' An American gentleman, being asked what he
thought of the Venus de' Medici, said, ' I never allow myself
to be sat upon by those stone girls,'
May Wth. — Government were beaten last night in two
divisions on the Scotch Reform Bill by twenty- one and
twenty-two. May 21st. — Disraeli asked the Commons to reconsider
their vote on the rating clause of the Scotch Reform Bill,
May 23rd. — I dined with Disraeli, who gave a great
dinner to the Peers for the Queen's birthday. The Duke of
Cambridge was present. We went afterwards to Apsley
House, where there was a smart, very small party, all beauti
fully dressed. The Duke of Wellington has just been made
Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex,
May 25th. — Went to St, James's Church for Lady
Cornelia Churchill's marriage. She looked lovely, and I
never saw anything more perfect than her manner.

1868 MURDER OF PRINCE OF SERVIA. 383
May 29th. — I had to speak in the House of Lords in
answer to Lord Russell's attack on the Government, and
when I sat down no one supported him. Lord Derby
seemed pleased and satisfied.
June Wth. — The Prince of Servia has been murdered, as
he was walking in his park. His cousin. Princess Anka,
and her daughter, who were walking with him, were also
shot by the three assassins, who were armed with revolvers.
The Prince was killed on the spot, Madame Anka died in
a few hours, the Princess was only slightly wounded.
June 22nd. — The Queen gave a breakfast in the garden
of Buckingham Palace, and 600 were asked. She walked
from the Palace, attended by the Lord Chamberlain and
the Duchesses of Wellington and Roxburgh, and received
her company very graciously. She was looking remarkably
weU, and everybody said she seemed to enjoy her party.
June 24th. — The heat is extraordinary ; the papers state
that the maximum in the shade from the 12th to the 21st
has ranged from 78° to 95° Fahrenheit.
July 9th. — In the middle of the debate in the Lords,
Hardy and Hunt came to me to say that the Commons had
passed an important a.mendment to the Scotch Reform Bill
on its being brought back from the House of Lords. The
Government, not expecting such a breach of faith, were not
prepared to oppose it, and it was carried, but they were most
anxious that the House of Lords should be firm and throw
it out couteque coute. Cairns was half inclined to let it pass,
but I took the responsibility upon myself and appealed to

384 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1868
Lord Russell, who promised to assist me in rejecting this
amendment, which he owned was a breach of faith.
July Wth. — The heat is quite extraordinary, and no such
summer has been known in England for many years.
July 27th. — A sad accident occurred at Portsmouth, by
which Herbert Meade ' lost his life. He was sealing a cap
of a shell with gutta-percha, when it exploded and killed
him, with his attendant. Lord Clanwilliam was at Homburg.
The Queen is going to Switzerland on the 5th.
August 21st. — A fearful accident happened yesterday to
the Irish Limited Mail, which ran into some trucks laden
with petroleum near Abergele. The concussion was not
very severe, but the oil exploded and set fire to the carriages
next to the engine, consuming foiu- with everybody in them.
The Duchess of Abercorn, with several of her children, were
in the train, but, being at the other end, escaped unhurt.
The smoke produced by the petroleum was so thick that
those who got out of the carriages were not aware that the
front of the train was on fire, and only thought of saving
the mail-bags. The unfortunate passengers must have been
suffocated at once, for not one attempted to escape, and not
a cry was heard. Upwards of twenty are supposed to have
perished, amongst whom were Lord and Lady Farnham,
Judge Berwick, and Miss Berwick.
August 31st, Heron Court. — Sir Augustus and Lady Paget,
Sir Henry Wolff, the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough,
and Lord Edward Thynne, arrived.
' Lord Clanwilliam's son.

1868 REMIREMONT. 385
September 10th. — I rode to Canford. Laily Cornelia
looks very happy and pleased with her house and everything
belonging to her.
September 23rd. — I left for London, intending to embark
to-morrow for France.

On leaving Paris I went to Nancy, which is an in
teresting town, and thence down the valley of the Meurthe
to Remiremont, which is a most beautiful drive. The whole
scenery of the Vosges is equal to anything I know. On
arriving at Remiremont, I stroUed out from the inn and met
a man fishing in a beautifully clear river. For a five-franc
piece he lent me his rod, and in half an hour I had caught
some very fine trout of two or three pounds each. The inn
is not very good, and I left Remiremont the next day, and
reached Gerardmer, a sort of watering-place in the mountains.
The scenery here is perfection ; lakes and thick pine forests,
with large openings made in them where inns and villas
have been built. The country is full of bright streams, in
which it is said there is excellent trout-fishing, and this
must be the case. The pines are of vast size, and numbers
of walks and paths have been cut through the woods. The
hotel was very comfortable, but it is new, and the place not
yet frequented ; when developed and better known it cannot
fail to be a favourite resort for a holiday.
From Gerardmer I went on to Plombieres, where Louis
Napoleon and Cavour met in 1858 and settled the fate of
Italy and Savoy. It is a clean, but very dismal, town, with
nothing to distinguish it but the compact between these two

men.

I returned to Nancy, and on reaching Strasburg and
VOL. n. ^ ^

386 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1868
entering the hotel I was told to my horror that Count
Walewski was just dead there. He was seized with apoplexy
soon after he had arrived with Madame Walewska, She
is in bad health, and he had helped to carry her upstairs,
seated her on a chair, and went into the next room. He
immediately called out to his daughter, ' Give me a glass
of water, quick ! and a doctor ! ' They rushed in and
found him on the floor quite dead. He had a complaint
of the heait, and carrying Madame Walewska upstairs
probably brought on the attack, I have had a great deal
of official business and social relations with him, and always
found him agreeable and a perfect gentleman.
From Strasburg, I returned straight to London, via
Rheims and Amiens, the shortest route to England,

October 28th. — The Dowa.ger Duchess of Sutherland died
yesterday. We returned from Benacre, in Norfolk, which
had been hired by Colonel Charteris, where "we had some
very good partridge-driving.
November Wth. — I went yesterday with the Duke of
Marlborough to Windsor for the Privy Council. Disraeli
looked put out. I think Her Majesty wanted the Bishop of
London to be made Archbishop, but he objected.
November 18th.— H'lv Henry Wolff has been beaten at
Christchurch by a majority of forty-two. Everything proves
what a Radical bill Lord Derby and Disraeli have brought
in, for Sir Henry was supported by every gentleman in the
neighbourhood. The elections are going on as badly as
possible all over the country, so our fate is decided.

1868 UNANDIOUS RESKiNATIOX. 387
November 21. s/. — Blenheim, where I am having .'itune ex
cellent shooting. .\ large party here : Mr. and Mrs. Ilollbrd,
Lord and Lady Mount Oliarles, Mr.' and ]\[rs. Hardy, Lord
and Lady Pevershaiu, Lord and Lady xVlan Churchill. Mrs.
Holford sings beautifully.
November 26th. — Seeing we were in a dead minority, Mr,
Gathorne Hardy told me that he was tor resigning at once,
without waiting to be turned out by a vote of the Commons.
November 2Sth. — We held a Cabinet, and determined to
resign at once.- Disraeli is going to Windsor immediately.
The counties have behaved splendidly, and the ' Times,' of
course, says that they must be reformed, grudging us our
miserable minority of 272, Mrs. Disraeli has been made
Viscountess Beaoonsfield,
December 2nd. — Cabinet Council to-day, at which Disraeli
read the manifesto which he addresses, on going out, to his
party in both Houses. The Government are unanimous for
resignation, December 5th. — I went to Hatfield. The ' Times ' says
that Gladstone has nearly completed his Cabinet, and gives
the list of its supposed members, which are certainly as
Radical as possible. Big Ben called, and said he had heard
that Disraeli wanted to throw over the Irish Church, but,
finding his colleagues would not go with him, was forced to
resign. I told him this was not true, and that I believed he
invented the story himself. The majority of my people and
' Afterwards Viscount Cranbrook.
'^ In 1874 our successor, Mr. Gladstone, saw himself in exacdy the same
predicament, and resigned without facing Parliament.

388 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1868
labourers at Heron Court voted against Wolff, my bailiff
telling them, ' You must vote for Wolff, but you are voting
against yourselves.'
December 10th. — Parliament met to-day, but the Queen's
Speech will not be before Tuesday. The new Administration
is composed as follows : — Premier, Mr. Gladstone ; Foreign
Secretarj', Lord Clarendon; Home Secretary, Mr. Bruce;
Colonies, Lord Granville ; War, Mr. Cardwell ; India, Duke
of Argyll ; Admiralty, Mr. Childers ; Lord Chancellor, Lord
Justice Wood ; Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Lowe ;
Board of Trade, Mr. Bright ; Lord President, Lord de Grey ;
Privy Seal, Lord Kimberley ; Postmaster-General, Lord
Hartington ; Poor Law Board, Mr, Goschen ; Secretary for
Ireland,' Mr. Chichester Fortescue; Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland, Lord Spencer ; Attorney- General, Sir Robert Collier ;
Solicitor-General, Mr. Coleridge ; Lord Steward, Lord Bess-
borough ; Lord Chamberlain, Lord Sydney.
A Council is held at Windsor to-day, for the Household
to give up their badges of office.
December Wth. — The two Houses will probably adjourn
till February, when the Queen's Speech will be delivered.
Lord Derby is still ill, and obliged to be carried up and
down stairs.
December Wth. — It is now settled that Lord Cairns is to
lead the Conservative party in the House of Lords, as I have
given up the leadership. Lord Cairns sounded Lord Salisbury
as to whether he would lead the Opposition, but he refused
to do so at present, although he seemed pleased, but promised
his support, and is now cordially with us.
' Now Lord Carlingford, President of the Council, 1884.

1868 I RESIGN THE 'LEAD.' 389
Provi Lord Derby to Lord M.
Knowsh-j- ; December 20, 1868.
My dear Malmesbury, — Your ideas about the ' latter half ' of a
month appear to be of the vaguest, as yon were unable to como
here either on the llth or from tho IBtli to the 23rd — however,
come when you will, you will always be sure of a welcome. I had
hoped to get the Cairns down here on the llth, but they are making
a flying visit to Rome, and will not, I imagine, be back till just
before the meeting of Parliament, which, by the way, the new
Government have put off quite as long as was deceut for men who
were in such breathless haste to carry out their policy. I should
have liked to have had an opportunity of talking over the subject
of the ' lead ' with you and Cairns, but ou the whole I think the
proposed arrangement, subject to Disraeli's concurrence, which of
course should be had, is satisfactory. I am not sure that it would
not be more so, considering how new Cairns is to the bulk of the
party, if you were to hold on till Easter, before which, especially as
it falls early, our House will not have much to do.
Tours sincerely, Dekbt.

1869
January IsL — Left London for Heron Court.
»
January 5th. — Lord and Lady Bath, Lady Ailesbur}^ and
Colonel and Lady Margaret Charteris arrived, but the rivers
were too high for any wild-fowl shooting.
January Wth. — I went to Knowsley, where Lord Derby
is laid up with gout.
January 26th.— Lord. Derby approves of my having
given up the leadership of the House of Lords. He also
acknowledges that he was wrong in his disapproval of Govern
ment going out before Parliament met. He thought at the

390 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
time that our party would blame us for doing so, but now he
sees that, far from that, they applaud what they all consider
a dignified and honest course. The little Prince Royal of
Belgium is dead, after a long illness. He was the only child,
and his loss is much regretted by his country.
February 6th. — A terrible accident has occurred out
hunting near Newby. Sir Charles Slingsby, master of the
hounds. Sir George Wombwell, two Mr. Vyners, some other
gentlemen, and eleven horses, attempted to cross a ferry.
The river was flooded and rapid, and the horses became
restive, upsetting the boat. Sir Charles Slingsby got clear,
and nearly reached the shore, when he threw up his arms,
and immediately sank. Sir George Wombwell was saved by
Mr. Vyner, who pulled him out of the boat, which was float
ing bottom upwards. Five persons and eight horses were
drowned. February Wth. — I gave the Parliamentary dinner to-day
to twenty-three Peers. I addressed them, and informed them
of my resignation of the leadership of the Opposition in the
House of Lords, and proposed as my successor Lord Cairns,
who was unanimously chosen.
February 16i/i.— Parliament was formally opened to-day,
but the Queen was not present. The Address was carried
without opposition. Lord Derby is better, and went to the
House. Everybody is talking of Mr. Bright's speech at the Fish
mongers' dinner, in which he said that the advice he gave
his colleagues was seldom followed, and his whole tone was
BO offensive that it is supposed he intends to resign office

1869 IRISH CHURCH BILL. 391
whenever he can do so. He is said to be i)i'rfectly inefficient
as a man of business, and so indolent, that he hardly cvn-
goes to his office.
February 18th. — I called on Lady Palmerston to inquire
after her daughter, Lady Jocelyn, who has been thrown out
of a cab and much hurt. I hear that 8,000 people attended
Sir C. Slingsby's funeral. His horse and the hounds, im
mediately after the accident, returned to look for him, and
remained by the bod}'.
March 2nd. — Gladstone introduced his Irish Church Bill
yesterday in a speech of three hours. It disendows as well
as disestablishes the Irish Church, and abolishes the right
of the Bishops to sit in the House of Lords after January
1871. The property of the Church amounts to sixteen
millions, all of which falls into the hands of the State. It is
a complete act of spoliation, and far beyond what was
expected. We went to Miss Pennefather's wedding-breakfast at
Lady EmUy Hanke3''s. She marries Lord Stanhope. Disraeli
was there, and seemed very low. He told me the Queen had
sent him her last book.
March 3rd. — A very hard frost, which has killed all the
blossoms. March 8th. — I left London for Italy, on a visit to the
Pagets. Sir Augustus is Minister at Florence. I crossed in
a snowstorm, and the cold was so great at Calais that I
could not sleep undressed.
March 10th, Paris.— I started at 7.15 this evening for

392 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
Nice, from whence I posted by the Corniche to Genoa, and
then by railway to Florence.'
March 25th. — We heard that the Irish Church Bill was
carried in the Commons by a majority of 118. The weather
at Florence was very bad ; it rained all day.
March 26th. — I sent a telegram to Lady Malmesbury,
asking her to ascertain whether our party meant to oppose
the Life Peerages Bill, which I should resist to the utmost
if I were present, and I would go back on purpose to do so.
The state of Italy is most wretched, and it is on the eve
of bankruptcy ; they are paying dearly for their dream of
liberty. They have got conscription, ten per cent, income
tax, all other taxes trebled, and money is so scarce that they
have paper notes down to 2^d. They still cry out to have
Rome as a capital. If that is ever accomplished, the people
who are laying out money to enlarge Florence will be half
ruined. March 30th. — I heard with great grief of the death of my
popular old friend. Matt Burrell. He was thrown from his
horse on the 24th, in a remote part of his parish of Chatton,
in Northumberland, and laj' in the road, quietly waiting for
the labourers to come home from their work, as he could not
move, having broken both bones of his leg. He was taken
home, and at first was thought to be doing well; but his
heart suddenly stopped, and he died on the 29th. He was
a most popular man and an excellent clergyman.
' I found the Pagets in the Orlandini Palace. They received me with
the greatest kindness and hospitality, and I enjoyed myself for three weeks
in this beautiful town, which is much improved, and made the capital of
Italy. There are an immense number of new buildings, and large sums have
been invested in new streets.

1869 SPEECH ON LIFE PEERAGES. 393
April Wth. — Returned from Italy on the 13th. The
Irish Church Bill was resumed last night, and Mr. Newde-
gate's motion, ' That the bill be committed that day six
months,' was rejected by a majority of 126.
April 20th. — Called on Lord Derby, who was very feeble,
and suffering to-day from the exertion of g<-Ung to the House
of Lords yesterda}'.
April 27th. — In the House of Lords the Life Peerages
Bill came on. Lord Derby and Lord Cairns supported the
second reading, which passed without a division. I shall
divide the House upon it at a future stage.
Lord Malmesbury's Speech on the Life Peerages Bill,
April 27, 1869.
My Lords, — It is not my intention to o^^pose the second
reading of this bill, although I confess that if I had been
present when it was first introduced into your Lordships'
House I should have been an exception to the unanimity
with which it seems to have been received. Let your Lord
ships consider what you are about to do in agreeing to the
principle of this measure. From what I have heard and
read of the last debate, I think that the importance of this
measure has hardly been realised by your Lordships, and
that, in assenting to it, you may perhaps be doing more than
you are aware of. The noble earl who has introduced the
Bill (Earl Russell) is no doubt one of our greatest reformers.
He has also written upon the Constitution — a subject which
no man is supposed to understand better than himself. But
in all his reforms, important as they have been — in his reform
of the House of Commons in 1882 ; in his proposed reform of
the House of Commons afterwards, which he did not carry into

394 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
effect ; and in the reforms of the House of Commons which he
assisted the late Government to carry — the noble earl has
always kept strictly within the lines of the Constitution. In
altering the House of Commons, he proposed nothing that
could be called innovation ; he extended the lines of the
Constitution, but kept strictly within them. Now, in the
present measure, the noble earl has proposed a great inno
vation — he has gone altogether beyond the lines of the
Constitution, and is not only proposing to alter the principles
upon which the House of Lords has always existed, but he
is altering, the Constitution at the same time. I am very
much mistaken if it is not one of the first principles of the
Constitution that a peerage should be hereditary ; that,
indeed, is the very essence of a peerage. Now, the bill at once
sweeps away that principle.
The term 'Life Peer' is a singular blunder, as it appears
to me, for the life peers contemplated by the bill would
not really be peers, because they will not be the pares of
those who will be their colleagues in this House. The
meaning of that word, as we have always understood it,
is, that here all are equal in social position, in political
rights, and in that great privilege of handing down our
names and titles to our posterity. Now, the life peers will
not be equal to ourselves in respect of this most important
privilege ; they will be unable to transmit to their sons the
titles and dignities given them by the Crown. Nor, again,
if we look upon ourselves as the nobility of the country, will
they be noble, because the very essence of nobility is the
transmission of that distinction to the son of the .recipient.
A peerage, as it exists in this country, is a very modern
institution as compared with that of nobility. Nobility is
one of the oldest institutions in the world. In the Roman

1869 SPEECH OX LIFI^, PEERAGES. 395
Empire, froui the earliest ages, there were patrician families,
showing that tho nobility was handed down from generation
to generation. In the feudal ages, also, nobility was always
considered hereditary ; and to such an extent was this carried,
that though the Crown could create, it could not withdraw
a title, except by reason of felony, treason to the Crown, or
cowardice in the field, proved against a person in the ranks
of the nobility. No doubt the monarchs of those days were
often reckless of all principles whatever ; but they adhered
still, for form's sake, to the one I have mentioned, when
they wished to get rid of certain nobles — organised con
spiracies against them, and got up sham accusations and
sham trials; but they were alwaj-s obliged to prove acts of
felony before they could deprive these nobles of the titles
which the Crown had conferred upon them.
Your Lordships are therefore, I think, about to go a step
further than you really intend, because you will, by the crea
tion of these life peerages, be making a very great innovation,
not only among your own nobility, which has the privilege of
being also au Estate of Parliament, but infringing on the
first principles of nobility as it has existed for fourteen cen
turies before the establishment of English peerages. I am,
moreover, afraid that some members of your Lordships'
House, who have spoken on this question, have made rather
too Ught of the apprehension that those peers, who, being
created only for life, will be unable to hand down their titles
and honours to their descendants, will be regarded as not
being equal to those whose peerage is placed upon a different
footing. If I know something of human nature, I cannot
help being of opinion that there will be a feeling, so far as
they are concerned, not certainly of the slightest disrespect,
but that they are of a grade not quite on a level with the

396 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
rest of your Lordships, I may add I have always observed
that the greatest pleasure a man derives from having the
honour of the peerage conferred upon him by the Crown
arises from the fact that he is enabled to transmit it to his
son and his successors, I have even known instances of men
who, being childless, declined the honour of a peerage, say
ing it was of no value to them, but that, if they had sons,
they should be glad to accept it. Now, that is the feeling ;
it appears to me to be a noble sentiment, and one which
ought to be respected, and I should be very sorry that the
nobility of this country should not look upon it as the
highest privilege they could possess to be able to transmit
their title and distinctions to their posterity.
I very much doubt whether many persons will be found to
seek for the honour of a life peerage, for it seems to me it
would amount — I will not say to an insult, but to a very
humiliating slight, to offer a gentleman a peerage, and at
the same time to tell him that the title and dignity conferred
upon him shall not descend to his son, supposing him to
have one. To a man who happens to have no son, indeed, it
may be of less consequence whether his peerage is for life
or not; but then no good reason can be urged against making
a man in that position a peer after the old fashion, if it is
deemed desirable that the peerage should be conferred upon
him at all. You object to giving a man a peerage which
shall be hereditary because he does not possess the means
you deem to be necessary to support the honour of the next
generation ; but how do you know that his son, if he had
one, might not, by marriage, or some other honourable
means, acquire a fortune sufficient for the support of the
dignity ? But, my Lords, I, for one, protest against the
justice of the statement that it is necessary a peer should be

1869 SPIOI'.CTI ON LIFE PEERAGES. 397
rich in order to maintain in this country tho respect whiL-li
belongs to his position. It might have been very well to
use such an argument as that seventy or eighty years ago,
when public opinion obliged every peer to live ostentatiously ;
when he could not drive out without having four horses to
his carriage, and being attended by outriders, and when he
wore his stars and ribands morning and night. There is,
however, no sort of resemblance between the state of things
which existed in those days and that which exists at present.
A peer now comes up to town by railway, in the company of
every person who chooses to travel in that way ; he moves
about as unostentatiously as any other class of persons. There
are, in fact, no such distinctions in many respects as for
merly prevailed between a peer and other members of the
community, and there is therefore, I contend, no necessity
whatever why they should require to have large fortunes to
maintain what is called their dignity in this country. They
are respected, not according to their riches, but their useful
ness as members of the legislature and in their several
localities. It seems to me, then, that the arguments founded on
poverty, when urged in favour of the institution of life
peers, fall altogether to the ground. And let me suppose
that poverty furnishes a good reason why we should resort
to the creation of life peers. Would not such a state of
things be calculated to throw a dangerous power into the
hands of the Minister of the Crown who is to decide upon
the persons who are to receive such peerages ? Would not
peers so made be very much under the command of the
Minister by whom they happened to be created ? Again, a
life peer falls into bad health, and the Minister will have
twenty applications to supply his place. Now, that being

398 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
so, I should like to know from the noble earl who has
brought this bill forward, and who has said it will not have
any effect on the state of parties, how he arrives at that
conclusion. Let your Lordships consider the probabilities of
the future by the experience of the past. The noble earl is
aware that his party has been in office twent3'-nineout of the
last forty years, and, if that be true, is it not fair to calculate
that they would have had the appointment of at least three-
fourths of those twenty- eight life peers in that time, enough
to decide, in the course of seven years, the result of a division
in your Lordships' House, for, when I divided the House on
a question relating to the Danish War, the party majority in
a full House, was, I believe, only nine ?
These, my Lords, are some of the objections which I
entertain to this proposal. It would, however, seem that
you are about to give a second reading to the bill; and I
would simply observe, in conclusion, that I cannot help
thinking you may hereafter have cause to repent what you
will have done, if you assent to the creation of life peerages,
when, on the occasion of great divisions, much discontent
will be expressed ; and it will be said by the public, ' Such
and such a bill was only carried by the votes of life peers.'
May 1st. — Debate last night in both Houses on the state
of Ireland, which is worse than it has been for some time.
Two murders have been committed within the last week, and
a great number of threatening letters have been received,
which always precede the murders. It is evident that the
Church Confiscation Bill has increased the agitation rather
than diminished it, as the lower orders think they will now
get all they want by violence. What they really want is
the land.

1869 AD:\1IRAL DASHWOOD. 399
May 6th. — The state of Ireland gets worse, and the
Government have decided to pass a bill to deprive the Mayor
of Cork of his office of mayor, and to prevent his exercising
the duties of magistrate. One morning he got up, went to
the court two hours before the other magistrates, and dis
charged all the prisoners, without hearing any evidence.
May 12th. — My uncle, Admiral Dashwood, died at Geneva.
He had been all through the great war, at the battle of
Copenhagen with Nelson, and lost his arm in the celebrated
frigate action when Sir James Gordon, in the ' Active,'
took the ' Pomone.' Subsequently he was at the battle of
Algiers, &c.'
May Wth. — .A. most curious discovery has been made at
Madrid. Just at the time when the question of religious
liberty was being discussed in the Cortes, Serrano had
ordered a piece of ground to be levelled, in order to build on
it, and the workmen came upon large quantities of human
bones, skulls, lumps of blackening flesh, pieces of chains,
and braids of hair. It was then recollected that the auto
da fe used to take place on that spot in former days.
Crowds of people rushed to the place, and the investigation
was continued. They found layer upon layer of human
remains, showing that hundreds had been inhumanly sacri
ficed. The excitement and indignation this produced among
the people was tremendous, and, the party for religious
' He was sent there in II,?iI.S. 'Prometheus,' n. month before the battle,
to get the English Consul and his family off, which, as the Dey was very
suspicious of our intentions, was difficult. The Consul refused to leave, but
his wife, in disguise and her baby in a basket, went down to Captain Dash-
wood's gig. Just as they passed through the gate of the town the child
cried and betrayed them ; the guard turned out, and it was only by rush
ing down to the boat that the crew and the whole party narrowly escaped
heing taken prisoners, and reached the ' Prometheus' in safety.

400 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER.
freedom taking advantage of it, a BiU on the subject was
passed by an enormous majority.
May Wth. — We went down to Heron Court for the
Whitsuntide holidays. Thorns, laburnums, and rhododen
drons in a blaze of colour, but I was kept at home by the
gout. May 29th. — There was a meeting of a few Peers at
Chesterfield House to receive some deputations from the
religious bodies in Ireland. One deputation from the Presby
terians stated that they had made up their differences with
the Established Church, seeing that they had been deceived
as to the Catholics, having been made to believe that they
would not benefit by the plunder, but they now saw their
mistake and would stand by us, A great meeting is to be
held at Glasgow directly ; it looks as if a reaction had set
in. Dined at the Wiltons — a large party.
June 1st. — A meeting of the principal Conservative peers
took place this morning at the Carlton Club, to consider
what course they will take on the Irish Church Bill.
Opinions were divided, but the majority were for throwing it
out. If our party were united we might do so, but no doubt
some will either vote for the Government or stay away —
amongst them the two archbishops — so there is no chance
of the bill being rejected on the second reading.
June 3rd. — The Life Peerages Bill passed the second
reading, on the understanding that only two were to be
created every year, and the number limited to twenty-eight.
This is the most absurd arrangement that could possibly be
conceived, and I shall try to throw it out on the third
reading.

1869 FAILING 1111\.LT1I OF LORD DERBY. 401
June llth. — Lady Carrington called to announce the
marriage of her daughter with Lord Petersham. Lord Derby
intends to speak on Thursday on the Irish Church Bill.
June Wlh. — The discussion on the Irish Church Bill
came on to-day in the House of Lords, and I could not
dine at the Donegals in consequence. Great ball at the
Brunnows. June Wth. — A great many went to the House of Lords to
hear Lord Derby speak on the Irish Church Bill. All the
good places in the gallery were taken early, but several ladies
were there who had no right, and some Peeresses were ex
cluded in consequence. Lord Derby's speech was a very good
one, and the peroratiou very eloquent and touching ; but
his voice was feeble, he looked pale and ill, and his manner
had lost its energy. It was altogether very painful for those
who love him to see such evident symptoms of failing
strength. The mind, however, is as clear and fresh as ever.
I came home at half-past three a.m. with the news that the
second reading of the Irish Church Bill had passed by
thirtj'-three — 179 to 146. Fifty or sixty of our party voted
with the Government.
June 28th. — I went to the Queen's breakfast to the
Viceroy of Egypt, which was very brilliant ; but the wind
was so cold from the N.E. that it spoiled all enjoyment.
Dined afterwards at Stafford House, where there was a
banquet to the Viceroy.
July 1st. — The Irish Church BUI has been in committee
all this week, and several amendments have been passed.
July 3rd. — Lord SaUsbury's amendment respecting the
VOL. II. D D

402 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
glebe-houses and land was carried by a majority of 144 — ¦
213 to 69 — many Liberal peers voting with the majority.
The Duke of Cleveland's amendment to grant equivalent
gifts to the Roman Catholics and Dissenters out of the
surplus was rejected by a majority of 83.
July 6th. — The debate on the Irish Church Bill was
resumed last night in the House of Lords, and the Arch
bishop of Canterbury proposed three amendments. He with
drew the first two, but the last, ' to vest grants, royal as
well as private, in the new Church body,' was carried by a
majoiity of 50. Lord Cairns's amendment on the sixty-
eighth clause, reserving the surplus for future Parliamentary
distribution, was carried by a majority of 70, and the Bill
passed through committee.
Lord Malmesbury's Speech on the Third Reading of the Life
Peerages Bill, July 8th, 1869.
My Lords, — I have given notice, even at this late period
of the session, that I shall feel it my duty to oppose the bill
of the noble earl (Earl Russell), and to move that it be read
this day three months a third time. It is now exactly three
months since the noble earl introduced it, and it is for him
to explain why he has allowed it to remain so long under
your Lordships' consideration ; but I believe the more you
have seen of it the less you have liked it. The object of
the noble earl in bringing forward the bill is, no doubt, a
very worthy one. It is, as I understand, to strengthen the
practical powers of the House, to increase its prestige, and
enable eminent men, who do not possess a large fortune, to
sit in the House, without transmitting to their descendants
the expenses, or supposed expenses, of an hereditary peerage.

1869 SPEECH ON THE THIRD RICADING. 403
Now, I venture to think that this House requires very little
increase of practical power and prestige, I am aware that
many persons, both in their speeches and writings, have
represented that this House is not on a level with the
opinions of the times, and that it cannot, therefore, march
pari passu with the House of Commons ; but that does not
appear to me to be the case.
What, let us consider, is the composition of this House,
as the oldest legislative body in Europe, and as the high
est in character and general respect ? Some persons have
said that it is a House of mere landowners — that is, men
of a sort of upper-class farmers — and being so, that they
are not as fitted as they might be for the consideration of
the general questions which agitate the world. But is
that the fact ? Of course many of us are landowners, and
are not, I think, as such, incapacitated from considering
general questions ; but it is not true that we are only
landowners. Property of every kind belongs to members
of this House, We are not only owners of land, but
owners and even lessees of mines and other industrial pro
perty. Among us there are also bankers, railway directors,
and men most eminent for their knowledge of commercial
affairs, such as the Marquis of Salisbury and other peers.
There are others who are eminent officers in the army and
navy, who are ready to enter upon discussions of interest to
your Lordships relative to those professions. There are more
than fifty peers who have been eminent and distinguished
members of the House of Commons, There are eminent
diplomatists like Lord Stratford de Redclifl'e and Lord
Cowley. There are historians, among whom I may name
my noble friend behind me' (Earl Stanhope), who, if ever
1 The late Lord Stanhope. D D 2

404 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
your Lordships were mistaken on any point of history, would
set you right. There are writers, both of prose and poetry,
including my noble friend opposite (Lord Houghton), and
another noble lord (Lord Lytton), than whom no English
writer can be more distinguished. There are twelve or
fifteen peers who possess immense leasehold property in this
metropolis, and who can assist us in discussions on property,
and who are conversant with the wants of the middle and
lower classes. There are eminent lawyers, and a great num
ber of magistrates, accustomed to judicial decisions, many of
them being chairmen of quarter sessions. Now, if your Lord
ships consider this catalogue of peers with various qualifica
tions, is it possible to suppose that a legislative assembly
can be more complete in its construction than the House of
Lords is'J
This assembly, as I understand it, has existed for about
four centuries, and I am not aware that at any period it
has done anything to derogate from its character and dignity.
It is not for a member of the House to say much on the
subject ; but during the last few days or weeks your Lord
ships — according to the opinions of the public Press, and of
public opinion everywhere expressed— have most creditably,
in the eyes of the country, maintained your powers of debate
and your general capacity in considering important subjects.
Well, that being the case, I ask your Lordships whether you
think there is any necessity for altering one of the funda
mental rules of our Constitution — namely, that peerages
should be hereditary ? I venture to think there is not.
When I consider the opinion of the noble earl himself, that
such a measure as he has proposed is necessary in order to
popularise this assembly, I feel compelled to differ from him
altogether. We have had what may be considered the test

1869 SPEECH O.N THE THIRD READING. 405
of the opinion of the people transmitted to us recently by a
gentleman supposed to represent tho most popular opinions
of the day, and one, at the same time, representing Her
Majesty's Government. That right hon, gentleman has
publicly declared that this Bill is but a childish tinkering of
legislation. It is no less a person than Mr, Bright, a dis
tinguished member of Her Majesty's Government, who has
expressed himself thus. Now, I want to know whether Her
Majesty's Government generally agree with Mr, Bright on
this point. At all events, so far as the argument of the
noble earl goes, as to the necessity of such a bill in order to
make this assembly more popular, I think the evidence of
the right hon. gentleman in question is worthy of considera
tion, for he is supposed to know pretty well what the
popular opinion is, and it would be hardly fair to make this
an exception and assert that he cannot answer for popular
opinion on this subject.
The noble earl's second reason for introducing this bill
was, that it would give an opportunity to men of emin
ence and ability, but without fortune, to enter this House.
Now, he has not given any names to prove that any eminent
men who would have done good service in this assembly
would have refused peerages on account of their being
hereditary. It would be hardly becoming to mention the
names of living persons ; but I may mention two very
eminent men who declined entering this House because
they had no children. And I have always thought it one
of the noblest feelings of human nature that a man should
not be ambitious of a seat in your Lordships' House from
any selfish vanity, but in order that he might transmit
the honour to his descendants. Your Lordships "will pro
bably recollect the very touching letter written by Mr.

406 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
Burke to Mr. Pitt, when, being offered a peerage, he said
that ambition and life had lost all interest in his heart
since the death of his only son. On that ground he refused
a peerage ; and Lord Kingsdown, whose death has been so
great a loss to this House, to my knowledge, more than
once refused to accept a peerage — although he was so emi
nent in his profession and was so calculated to confer
honour on the House — because he had no family. It is true
that, ultimately, he felt it his duty to accept it. It is
supposed that there are men who would accept life peerages;
but I very much doubt whether any such men as your Lord
ships would wish to enter this House would do so. Of
course, there are men who would accept anything that is
offered them ; but these are not the persons whose admission
the noble earl contemplates. It appears to me that they
would stand in such a false position that no men with the
usual amount of pride and self-respect would accept these
peerages. They would not be your Lordships' peers, accord
ing to the true sense of the expression, because they would
not be your equals in respect of privileges. They would not
transmit the title to their descendants ; and they would,
therefore, be on a different and lower footing from the rest
of the House. They would not be nobles, because the very
essence of nobility is in the succession of the title to posterity.
They would thus be in a false position, to say nothing of the
equivocal position of their famUies, both sons and daughters.
I do not think, therefore, the noble earl would really
get such recruits as he wishes, and such as your Lordships
would like to see added to this assembly. If, however,
such recruits could be got, observe the political power which
would be given to a Prime Minister. I have seen in the
public prints a suggestion that a man with such a philosophic

1869 SPEECH ON THE THIRD READING. 407
mind as the late member for Westminster (Mr. Mill) might
very properly be made a life peer if such a measure as the
present were passed. Now I do not think that that was a good
illustration of the advantage supposed to be derived from
this measure ; for supposing the noble earl had been Prime
Minister, and had created Mr, Mill a life peer under this
bill, he would certainly not have popularised this House by
admitting a man who had just failed in an attempt to get a
seat in the House of Commons by popular election. Life
peerages would present a temptation to a Minister, much
more than is the case with hereditary peerages, to create
peers in order to gain political strength ; and if they were
courted, the result would be that every year the Minister
would have before him a list of candidates for that distinc
tion. Thus, if the noble earl's expectations be correct, there
would be great objection from a political point of view, Mr.
Bright has spoken of the bill in terms of the utmost con
tempt ; and whether or not he is right in thinking this bill
would give no satisfaction to the middle and lower classes,
it is my belief that persons who accepted those peerages
would find themselves attended with such inconveniences
that they would regret having done so. At all events, I
think that it has not been proved that this change in our
ancient Constitution is necessary or expedient, and, in the
absence of such proof, I protest against a change in our Con
stitution, which has been successful in operation for more
than four centuries. For these reasons it is that I move
that the Bill be read a third time this day three months.

July 9th. — Third reading of the Life Peerages Bill came
on last night in the House of Lords, which I was determined
to oppose, although it had been supported by Lord Derby,

408 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
Lord Cairns, and a number of my party. I therefore made
a deliberate speech against it, and to my great satisfaction
succeeded in throwing it out by a majority of twenty-nine
— 106 to 77 — converting to my views both mj- leaders and
many others who had supported the Bill. I had returned
from Italy on purpose to effect this, and to have done so at
the last stage was an unexpected and very agreeable success.
July Wth. — Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, voted with the
Government on the Irish Church Bill. Someone observinsf
him going out with them in the division said : ' The Bishop
of Oxford is going the wrong way.' ' No,' observed Lord
Chelmsford, ' it is the road to Winchester.' ' Lord Devon
moved the omission of the reservation in Clause 18 of the
right of present Irish bishops to retain their seats, and
carried it by 182. He had never given Lord Cairns the
slightest intimation of his motion, and had been canvassing,
with the assistance of Lord Bath. Lord Stanhope then
moved his amendment to provide residences for the Roman
Catholic priests and Presbyterian ministers, and carried
it by 121 to 114. A great many Whigs voted against the
Government, and a number of our side with them. The bill
then passed, and the House adjourned at twelve o'clock.
July Wth. — Dined at the Bradfords. The House of Com
mons threw out the Lords' amendment last night in the
preamble, postponing the appropriation of the surplus,
by 222. The Concurrent Endowment clause was rejected
by a majority of 89, and all the other amendments,
except immaterial ones, met with the same fate, Gladstone
showing the greatest hostility and bitterness. He proposes
' He was afterwards made Bishop of Winchester.

1869 CIRCULAR FROM LORD CAIRNS. 409
to give 500,000Z., in lieu of grants, to ilie Church, which,
of course, is a much smaller sum than it is entitled to,
July 21st. — The Irish Church Bill was brought back to
the Lords, and Lord Cairns moved ' that the Lords do insist
on the amendment made in the preamble to which the
Commons have disagreed,' The motion was carried by
78, Lord Granville then adjourned the House, saying
he could not go on with the Bill without consulting his
colleagues, July 22nd. — The House of Lords has agreed to a com
promise. Lord Cairns settled it with Lord Granville, taking
the whole responsibility upon himself, for he never consulted
any of his party, and a great many are much displeased.
Lord Derby was so angry that he left the House, Gladstone
wanted to throw up the bill after the debate of last Tuesday,
when the words of the preamble were re-inserted, but he was
out-voted in his Cabinet, and it is said that Lord Granville
told him that if he gave up the bill he must find somebody
else to lead the Lords, He must have intended to provoke
a collision between the two Houses, and the feeling he
showed on this occasion proves, and not for the first time,
what his sentiments are against that institution.
Lithographed Circular from Lord Cairns to the House of Lords,
July 24, 1869.
My Lord, — I am unwilling to rest upon my public statement the
explanation of the course adopted by rae on Thursday in reference
to the Irish Church Bill ; a course which was, and to those Peers
who have honoured me with their confidence must have appeared
to be, a wide departure from the limits of duty under which such
confidence is usually reposed.
It was only at mid-day on Thursday that I satisfied myself that
there was a willingness on the part of the Government to make
such concessions as it might be possible to accept, and it was not

410 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
until a few minutes before five o'clock that the precise details of
these concessions were completely specified.
It would have been an inexpressible relief to me had I then been
able to consult with all, or even some, of those with whom I was
acting ; not only because I should thus have avoided a serious re
sponsibility, but also because I could have pointed out in private,
what I could not do publicly, the material advantages which
appeared to me to flow from these concessions, as compared with a
prolonged contest.
To consult, however, or even to delay, was obviously impossible,
and I had to choose between the alternatives of declining an
arrangement which could not have been renewed after the debate
had commenced, or of accepting terms which, while they secured
more for the Church than I believe would ever again have been
obtained, enabled us to put an end to what was a violent, and was
rapidly becoming a dangerous, strain upon the constitutional rela
tions of the two Houses.
I could not but choose, at any risk, the latter alternative, and
the only circumstance which could make me regret my choice
would be if any member of the party should suppose that I had
wantonly, or even willingly, taken such a step without that full
communication and consultation which is always desirable.
I have the honour to be, my Lord, your faithful servant, Caiens.
August Wth. — I arrived at Chillingham from Lowther
Castle, Found Sir Edwin Landseer staying here, with his
friend Mr, Hill, who is taking care of him, as his mind is
affected, and has been so, more or less, ever since he had a
severe accident on the railway ; yet he painted two beautiful
life-size pictures of red deer for Lord Tankerville.
August Wth. — The papers to-day announce the death of
Lady Palmerston,' which took place at Brocket, after a
week's illness. She was the last of the four friends — Lady
^ Lady Palmerston had been the widow of Earl Cowper, and was sister
of Lord Melbourne. Her younger son inherited Broadlands, Lord Pal
merston's property in Hampshire.

1869 FERDINAND ST. MAUR. 411
Jersey, Lady Willoughby, and Lady Tankerville. They
began life together, married at the same time, were firm
friends all their lives, and died at the same age,
August Wth. — We went to Longleat, where we found a
family party and Sir A, Paget,
August 23rd. — Returned to Heron Court,
September 3rd.—l was grieved to-day to hear that
Ferdinand St, Maur died last Thursda3% It must have been
sudden, for when I saw Lady Ulrica, his sister, at Longleat,
she never mentioned that her brother was ill. What dread
ful sorrow has fallen on the Duke and Duchess of Somerset,
losing their two sons within so short a time !
September 14th. — The accounts of Lord Derby are bad,
and I am very unhappy, I got a sad letter from Freddy
Stanley, but he does not seem to have quite given up all hope.
September 16th. — Left Heron Court for London. I called
to inquire for Lord Derby — the account was very bad. I
saw Colonel Talbot, his son-in-law, who says there is no hope.
September Wth. — The news of Lord Derby is much the
same. He is gradually sinking.
September Wth. — Lady Malmesbury got a very pretty
letter from Lord Stanley, full of affection for his father and
mother, and kindness to us, but he gives very little hope.
There is a report that the Liverpool doctor, not calculating
on his weakness, gave him a dose of opium equal to what he
was accustomed to prescribe for him when in comparative
health, and that it produced a state of collapse from which
he has never rallied.

412 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
September 21st. — Lord Derby still lives, but gets weaker
every day ; he is quite unconscious, and has taken no nourish
ment for several days.
September 23rd. — Lord Derby died this morning at seven
o'clock. In him I lose my greatest friend, and the country
a most brilliant and accomplished statesman.

The public acts which will be most closely associated
with his name are the emancipation of our slaves in the
West Indies, which he accomplished when Colonial Secretary ;
in the ready recognition of the Second French Empire under
Louis Napoleon, in spite of the grudging hesitations and
objections of the Great Powers to follow suit ; and thirdly,
the passing of his Reform Bill in 1867, under which law we are
now living and have lived for seventeen years. When Prime
Minister, which he was three times, he was always in a dead
minority in the House of Commons, and therefore hampered
in all his policy. He thus never had a fair chance of
developing his wishes, and died before the wheel of fortune
turned, in 1874, in favour of the Conservatives, which
enabled Disraeli to display unfettered that genius which
¦will render his administration one of the great landmarks
of English history.
With regard to Lord Derby's power of speech, I never
heard but one opinion — namely, that he was the most
popular orator of his time. This seemed proved by the
fact that whenever he was expected to address the House
of Lords on any great question the place could hardly hold
the audience which fiocked to hear him from every part of
the building — the galleries being always crowded with

1869 LAST DAYS OF THE EMPIRE. 41

o

peeresses. I never saw this impression made by any other
speaker there excepting Lord Lyndhurst. There was a
peculiar charm in Lord Derby's voice — which was a pure
tenor — and in the brillianey and English character of his
diction. If he has been called the Rupert of Debate, it
must be from the vigour of his charge alone, for he had
none of the rashness of his prototype, but, on the contrary,
much reflection and calmuesd before action, and was very
nervous before making a prepared speech.
The death of Lord Derby was ibllowed, in 1870, by that
of Lord Clarendon, the able English Foreign Secretary, by
the Franco-German war, and by the collapse of Louis Napo
leon's Empire. I have had so many relations with the latter
which I have noticed, that I do not think it out of place,
before I conclude my memoirs, to relate some episodes of his
remaining life.
On April 18 I left London for Florence, on a visit to
Sir A. and Lady Paget,' who held the British Legation, and
after a fortnight most agreeably passed there, returned to
Paris, The plebiscite had just been repeated, to confirm the
Liberalised Constitution under the OUivier Ministry, and
resulted in an approval of the Emperor and his Government
by above 7,000,000 votes. The Due de Gramont was just
made Minister of Foreign Affairs, and on May 19 the
Emperor gave a dinner, said to be in honour of the Duke's
installation, to which he invited me,
I found him much altered in appearance, and looking
very ill, it being three years since I had seen him. He re-
' When the monarchy of Italy was unified. Sir A. Paget was appointed
Ambassador at Rome. The Embassy residence near Porta Pia was a very
had one, but is now the best and handsomest in the Diplomatic Service,
havmg been nearly rebuilt, principally under the direction of Lady Paget,
who has all the instincts of art in practice as well as theory.

414 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
ceived me with his usual kindness, and made me sit by the
Empress at dinner, where I had the advantage of admiring
her beautiful shoulders. On her right sat the Due de Gra
mont, the rest of the company consisting of Sir John and
Lady Stanley {nee Talleyrand) and some French guests. The
Empress and Gramont both abused the Press, which always
was her bete noire. Increased liberty had been given to it,
or rather to newspapers, and both my neighbours seemed
to think it dangerous, although the plebiscite had been so
favourable to their wishes. After dinner the Emperor invited
the men to the smoking-room, where he took me aside, and I
had a remarkable conversation with him. I naturally began
by congratulating him on hispZefcisciie, which was just counted
up, but I found that he was not satisfied, as some 50,000 of
the army had voted 'Non.' He, however, explained that
this had taken place in certain special barracks where the
officers were unpopular and the recruits numerous, and that
300,000 soldiers had voted for him. This immediately struck
me as strange, for I imagined his army was in numbers
600,000, and I made the remark, to which he gave no reply,
but looked suddenly very grave and absent. He observed
later that Europe appeared to be tranquil, and it was evident
to me that at that moment he had no idea of the coming
hurricane, which suddenly broke out the first week of the
following July,
His tone was altogether more sedate and quiet than I
found him formerly employing. No speculative and hypo
thetical cases were discussed by him, and I feel sure that
not a thought of the impending idea of a Hohenzollern being
a candidate for the Spanish throne had crossed his mind.
Count Bismarck had kept it a profound secret, and that very
deep secresy and sudden surprise is the strongest proof of

1869 LAST DAYS OF THE EMPIRE. 415
his intention to force a quarrel upon France. The Emperor
did not conceal, in his conversation with me, his disappoint
ment in regard to Italy, which had become free, and then
was under one sovereign ; and he recognised that a great
number of his own subjects considered that he had committed
a terrible political error in being the cause of creating a
strong and growing kingdom on the very frontier of France
and in the Mediterranean, 'What would Italy do to show
her gratitude? ' he asked. The events of the following two
months answered his question : ' Nothing.'
My impression as to his having given a Constitutional
Government to France was that it was more the result of
bodily suffering and exhaustion from a deadly disease than
from any moral conviction ; and that he felt, as he must
have done, that the life left him was short, and that his son
would have a better chance of quietly inheriting his throne
under a parliamentary and irresponsible regime. Perhaps he
was right, if he had found able Ministers ; but that was not
the case, and their mismanagement at the provocations of
Prussia under Bismarck must always be cited as the most
incapable diplomacy on record.
The result of my visit and conversation with the Em
peror was one of extreme pain, for I saw that he was no
longer the same man of sanguine energy and self-reliance,
and had grown prematurely old and broken. The Due de
Gramont was an agreeable and polished man in society, but
vain and impetuous, and had more liberty of action than was
given by the Emperor during his former regime to his Foreign
Ministers. The Duke himself gave me the following account
of the last scene on July 14, before the declaration of
war: —
The Hohenzollern candidateship to the throne of Spain

416 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER. 1869
was abandoned, and the Emperor was decidedly disposed
to accept this renouncement and to patch up the quarrel,
and turn this result into a diplomatic success; but his
Ministers had avoided no opportunity of publishing the in
sult to all France, and the Press stirred the anger and
vanity of the public to a pitch of madness. None had yet
taken advantage of this characteristic temper of the
Emperor. Before the final resolve to declare war the
Emperor, Empress, and Ministers went to St. Cloud. After
some discussion Gramont told me that the Empress, a high-
spirited and impressionable woman, made a strong and
most excited address, declaring that ' war was inevitable if
the honour of France was to be sustained.' She was imme
diately followed by Marshal Le Boeuf, who, in the most
violent tone, threw down his portfolio and swore that if war
was not declared he would give it up and renounce ¦ his
military rank. The Emperor gave way, and Gramont went
straight to the Chamber to announce the fatal news.
Such was his account to me of the most momentous
transaction which has occurred in Europe since 1815. In
it I do not see in the Emperor the same man who, with
so much caution and preparation, bided his time before he
attacked Austria in Italy in 1859, and who with such rare
perseverance after years of failure and prison raised him
self to what appeared to the world an impossible throne. I
attribute this change in the Emperor, first, to his broken
health and acute sufferings, and to a mind which had been
weakened since he renounced his personal rule for the advice
of responsible Ministers. From the moment he did this in
1860 and 1869 his old enemies attacked and undermined
him with increased power, and were joined by those who
had formerly upset, by their incapacity, the Bourbon and

1869 LAST DAYS OF THE EMPIRE. 417
Orleans dynasties,' all being bent on abusing the new free
dom he had granted.
On March 20, 1871, Louis Napoleon landed at Dover
after his captivity at Wilhehnsholie, and on the 21st I went
down to Chislehurst to see him, Tlie Empress and his son
met him at Dover, and his hearty reception by the crowd
must have shown him the generosity and also the grati
tude which the English people felt at the steadfiist policy ^ of
friendship which he had for twenty years displayed for their
country. After a few minutes he came into the room alone,
and with that remarkable smile which could light up his
dark countenance he shook me heartily by the hand. I
confess that I never was more moved. His quiet and calm
dignity and absence of all nervousness and irritability were
the grandest examples of human moral courage that the
severest Stoic could have imagined,
I felt overpowered by the position. All the past rushed
to my memory: our youth together at Rome in 1829, his
dreams of power at that time, his subsequent desperate
attempts to obtain it; his prison, where I found him still
sanguine and unchanged ; his wonderful escape from Ham,
and his residence in London, where, in the riots of 1848,
he acted the special constable like any Englishman, His
election as President by millions in France in 1850 ; his
further one by millions to the Imperial Crown ; the part I
' Thiers, Guizot, &c.
^ Englishmen remembered the Crimean war and his sympathetic action
when, popio motu, he took their part against the seizure of the American
delegates who were coming over in the British packet. Still more when,
in the crisis of our Indian Mutiny, our safety depended on rapid action, the
Emperor offered to aUow our troops a passage through France. His recep
tion of the English at Paris during bis reign was exceptionally friendly,
and must have been felt and contrasted with that which they used to meet
with under previous Governments.
VOL. II. E E

418 MEMOIRS OF AN EX-MINISTER.
had myself acted as an English Minister in that event,
which had realised all his early dreams ; the glory of his
reign of twenty years over France, which he had enriched
beyond belief,' and adorned beyond all other countries and
capitals ; his liberation of Italy — all these memories crowded
upon me as the man stood before me whose race had been
so successful and romantic, now without a crown, without
an army, without a country or an inch of ground which he
could call his own, except the house he hired in an English
village. I must have shown, for I could not conceal, what I felt,
as, again shaking my hand, he said : ' A la guerre, comme
a la guerre. C'est bien bon de venir me voir.' In a quiet,
natural way he then praised the kindness of the Germans
at Wilhelmshohe ; nor did a single complaint escape him
during our conversation. He said he had been trompe as to
the force and preparation of his army, but without men
tioning names ; nor did he abuse any one, until I mentioned
General Trochu, who deserted the Empress, whom he had
sworn to defend, and gave Paris up to the mob, when the
Emperor remarked, ' Ah ! Yoilk un drole.' During half an
hour he conversed with me as calmly as in the best days of
his life, with a dignity and resignation which might be
that of a fatalist, but could hardly be obtained from any
other creed ; and when I left him that was, not for the first
time, my impression.
When I saw him again in 1872 I found him much more
depressed at the destruction of Paris, and at the anarchy
prevailing over France, than he was at his own misfortunes ;
and that the Communists should have committed such
' This was proved by the facility with which France paid her enormous
forfeit to Prussia for the War.

1869 L.\ST DAYS OP THE EMPIRE. 419
horrors in the presence of their enemies, the Prussian armies,
appeared to him the very acme of humiliation and of
national infamy.
On January 9, 1873, he died in the presence of the
Empress, who never left him, released from the storms of
a fitful existence, from intense physical suffering, and saved
from knowing the loss of his only son, whose fate she was
soon destined to deplore alone.

E E 2

INDEX.

ABE
ABERDEEN, Lord, mentioned,
i. 131, 153, 160,292,400,41.5,
424, ii. 2 sqq., 57 ; dilBculty In
forming his Ministry (1852),
i. 376 ; list of his Cabinet, 377 ;
difficulties of Ms Ministry, 398,
424, 434, 438, ii. 2 ; ' drifting
into a war,' i. 405 ; difficulty
with Lord Palmerston, 420 ;
aids Turkey against Russia, 429 ;
failure of chief Bills proposed
by his Ministry, 434 ; changes
in his Ministry, 437; resigna
tion, ii. 5
Abd-el-Kader, i. 107, 161, 165
Abdications, royal, two in one
month, i. 126
Abergele, dreadful railway acci
dent at, ii. 384
Abolition of Church Rates Bill,
i. 75, ii. 43, 95
Accident at a ferry near Newby,
ii. 390
Accidents in sporting, i. 253, 255
Adderley, Mr., ii. 295
Addington, Mr., Permanent Under-
Secretary for Foreign Affairs,
i. 319
' AduUamites,' the, ii. 355 n.
Afghan campaign (1842), i. 140
sqq.
Agrarian riots in the South and
West of England (1830), i. 39
Ailesbury, Lady, i. 70 n., 141, 337,
365, ii. 20
— Lord, i. 237

ALE
Akhbar Khan : his treachery to
General Elphinstone, i. 141
• Alabama ' claims, the, ii. 363
Albert, Archduke, ii. 361
Albert Hall, ii. 370
Albert, Prince Consort, mentioned,
i. 113, 319, ii. 38, 43, 67, 110,
114, 129, 131, 141, 184, 187, 211,
224, 236 ; the discussions on bis
annual allowance, i. 108 ; the
question of precedence, 110 sq. ;
the dismissal of Lord Palmer
ston, 301 ; at Balmoral, 345,
347 ; at Bagshot, 360 ; on the
national defences, 364, 373 ; on
Napoleon III.'s proposal for the
Queen's niece, 378 ; newspaper
attacks on (1854), 421 ; vindi
cation of him, 420 sq. ; his praise
of the English officers in the
Crimea, ii. 12 ; the reception of
the Due de Malakoff as am
bassador, 114 ; his death, 265
Alfred, Prince ; proposal to bestow
Greece on him, ii. 287 ; shot at,
in Australia, 380
Algeria, the French in (1840), i.
107, 161, 165 ; insurrection in
(1864), ii. 325
Alexander I., Emperor (of Russia),
at the great naval review at
Spithead (1814), i. 3
— n., Emperor (of Russia), ii. 51 ;
shot at in Paris, 371
Alexandria, blockade of (1840),
i. 123

422

INDEX,

ALI
Alice, Princess, ii. 1 57
Alliance, offensive and defensive,
between England and France,
proposed by Lord Palmerston,
ii. 213
Allied armies in the Crimea, i.
439 sqq. ; dreadful state of the
English soldiers, 446, 449 ; Mr.
Roebuck's motion for inquiry,
ii. 4 sq. ; their strength (1855), 17
Alteration of Oaths Bill (1856),
ii. 47
Alvanley, Lord: his story of a
difficulty at whist, i. 59 ; calls
out Daniel O'Connell, 64 ; anec
dote of him and Lord Cardi
gan, 65 ; bis duel with Morgan
O'Connell, ib. ; his death, ii. 72
' Amazon,' the, burnt at sea, i. 299
America, civil war in, ii. 251 sq.,
257 sqq., 261, 266, 270, 273 sqq.,
278, 287, 301, 303, 309, 335
American (newspaper) excitement
against England (1838), i. 85
Americans in Rome, stories of, ii.
382
Amoy (China), capture of, i. 139
Anderson, the conjurer, ii. 43
Anglo-French Convention (1854),
i. 432
Annexation of Naples to Sardinian
Kingdom, ii. 238
Anson, General, ii. 75
— Lord, i. 384
. — Mrs., ii. 48 ; her death, 146
Antonelli, Cardinal, i. 353
Antrobus, Lady, i. 67
Apponyi, Count, ii. 146, 164, 359
— Countess, ii. ] 97, 225 ; her
advice to Lord Stanley, 359
Arbuthnot, Mrs., killed by light
ning, ii. 339
Arezzo, a, skeleton in the church
at, i. 105
Argyll, Duke of, i. 377, ii. 91 ;
Privy Seal, 191 ; Secretary for
India (1868), 388
Aries, visit to, ii. 323
Arthur, Prince, ii. 141

BAD
Ashanti question, the, ii. 325
Aspromonte, Garibaldi wounded
at, ii. 277
Assessed Taxes Act (1851), Mr.
Disraeli's amendment to, i. 283
Assbeton Smith, Mr., celebrated
as a horseman, i. 64
As.signats, the, of the Napoleonic
war period, i. 7
Astley, Mr., Lord Aberdeen's
charge against, i. 427
Athole, Duke of, ii. 275
Atlantic cable, the, ii. 340
Attaches (to Embassies), French,
their order of precedence, i.
91 sq.
Auckland, Lord, i. 62
Augustenburg, Duke of, ii. 316
Aumale, Due d', mentioned, ii.
255; defeats Abd-el-Kader, i.
166 n.
— Duchesse d', ii. 77
Austria : its relations with Eng
land, i. 311, 385, ii. 53; treaty
regarding the Crimean war, i.
447 sq. ; alleged secret treaty, Ii.
57 sqq. ; relations with Italy
(1849), 209, 228, 233, 242, ii.
59 ; with Rome (1849), i. 229 ;
with France, ii. 59, 147, 162
sqq. ; with Prussia, ii. 356 sqq. ;
with Turkey, i. 431, 437 ; its posi
tion in regard to the Crimean
War, 447 sq., ii. 15 sq. ; advised
peace (1855), 16 ; joins Prussia
against Denmark, 314 sqq.
Austrian war against Prussia and
Italy, ii. 356 sqq.
Austro-French war : an armistice,
ii. 197
Auvergne, visit to, ii. 279
Avignon, visit to, i. 49
Azeglio, M. d', i. 339, 361, ii. 45,
111, 120, 133, 163, 168, 187, 226

"DADEN-BADEN, Emperor Na-

D

poleon at, ii. 229

Baden, Grand Duke of, i. 249

INDEX.

42.".

BAD
Badon, Grand Diu'licss of, i. 16
Baiie, Bay of, nltorapt to swim
across, i. 211
Il.iic des Tropassi'S, visit to, ii.
250
Bagot, Sir Charles, English Jtiui-
ster at the Hague, i. 19
Balaclava, i. 411 : the charge of
the six hundred, 413; railway
at, ii. 9
' Balances,' the (hotel at Geneva),
the scene of Casanova's romance
with Henriette, i. 20
Ballot, Mr. Grote's motion for the
(1839), i. 104
Balmoral, the driest place iu
Great Britain, ii. 211
Bank Charter Act, the suspension
of (1857), ii. 86
Bank of France, suspension of
cash payments, i. 219
Banks, Mr., i. 205
Baraguay-d'Hilliers, General, ii.
183, 187
Bariatinski, Prince, ii. 272 sq.
Baring, Mrs., ii. 211
— Mr. Tom, ii. 96
— Sir Francis, ii. 25
Barrows, the contents of three
opened on the heaths near
Heron Court, i. 11
Basque war, i. 74; the author's
pamphlet on, 75 ; how it ended,
77
Bath, Lord, i. 425 ; ii. 122, 322,
349, 359
Bathurst, Lord, i. 178
Battersea Agricultural Show
(1862), ii. 275
Battue shooting. Lord Derby's per
fect organisation of, at Knows
ley, i. 42
Bavaria, King of, and the Greek
succession, i. 351, 354, 357
Beaoonsfield, Lord. See Disraeli,
Mr.
Beales, Mr. E., ii. 362
Beaufort, Duke of, li. 57, 100
Beaumont, Lord, i. 165, 167, 325

BEY
Boaurcg.'ud, Ocnciid, ii. 27.3, 303
Bedford, Duke of, i. i:ir,
licdu:ui, (JeiRTal, i. 2.')(l, 293
Bi'luiaii quoslion, i. :i2S, ;!;"3
l!ulgi:uis. King of the (Lcoiiold),
ii. l:>6, 125; his dcalh, 3J5
IV'lgiojoso, I'rinco.s.s, i. 33, 2.'jll
Belgrad, Russian dispute about,
ii. .")0 sqq., 55
Bellamy, Mr., i. 28 1
Bern, General, i. 240, 219
r.onco Jones, Dr., ii. 256, 310
Bcnckendorf, General, i. 363
Ben Drury, public tutor at Eton :
his skill in driving a four-in-
hand, i. 16
Benedek, General, ii. 194, 215
Benedetti, Count, ii. 224
Ben Nevis, ascent of, i. 153
Bentinck, Lord George: his ac
tivity as a political partisan, i.
41 ; letter of, 171 ; resigns the
leadership of the Protectionists,
205 ; his death, 233
— Mr. George (' Big Ben '), ii. 59,
61, 89, 161
Bentivoglio, Cardinal, the portrait
of, by Vandyke, i. 24
Beresford, Mr., i. 205, 284
Berkeley, Mr. Grantley, his method
of choosing a gamekeeper, i. 10;
mentioned, ii. 259, 278
Berlin, disturbances at (1848), i.
221
Bernal Osborne, Mr., i. 262
Bernard, Dr., ii. 103, 110, 114 sq.
140
— General, ii. 75
— Sir Andrew, i. 26
Bernstorff, Count, ii. 318
— Madame, ii. 172, 226
Berryer, M., i. 90, 291 ; mat on
Napoleon III., 379
Bessarabia, ii. 35 sq., 50
Bessborough, Lord, i. 281 ; Lord
Steward (1868), ii. 388
Bethell, Sir Richard, becomes
Lord Chancellor (1861), ii. 255
Bej'rout, bombardment of, i. 124

424

INDEX.

BID
Bidache, the Duke de Gramont's
castle, burnt by the Bande
Noire (1793), i. 47 ; visit to, ii.
297
Bidwell, Mr., ii. 98, 121, 136, 158,
331 ; letter from, 245
Bille, M. (Danish Minister), ii.
317
' Birkenhead,' wreck of the, i. 325
Birmingham riots, the (1839), i.
104
Bismarck, Prince, ii. 353
Blackwood, Mrs., i. 60
Blanc, M. Louis, i. 229
Blenheim, visit to, ii. 307
Blessington, Lady, guests at her
house at Kensington Gore, i. 19,
34, 120 ; her death, 249
Blockade-running (American Civil
War), ii. 286
Blood, Rev. Mr., saved from the
• Amazon,' i. 300
Bloomfield, Lord, i. 321, .332, 344,
ii. 131, 143, 147
Board of Admiralty, committee of
inquiry on the, ii. 249
Boissy, Marquis de, husband of
Countess Guiooioli, i. 34
Bonneval, Comte de, i. 21
— Madame de, i. 219, 263
Bordeaux, Duo de, visits to Eng
land (1843), i. 147
— visit to, li. 295 sqq.
Borthwick, Mr. (of the ' Morning
Post '), i. 362, ii. 151
Bothy, a night in a, ii. 209
Boulogne, Prince Louis Napoleon's
attempt on, i. 121, 159
Bournemouth, the rapid rise of, i.
10, 74 ; the new pier at, ii. 259
Bourqueney, M. de, ii. 13
Bowie, Rev. Mr., his private school
at Wimborne, i. 12 ; his eccen
tricities, 14
Bowles, General Sir George, i. 171,
29.3, 417, 447
Bowood, the author's visits at, as
a boy, i. 17
Brabant, Duchess of, i. 126

BEU
Brabant, Duke of, ii. 126
Brabazon, Captain, ii. 242, 245
Bragg, General (Confederate), ii.
303, 309
Braidwood, Mr. (Metropolitan
Fire Brigade), ii. 255
Bran, Lord Ossulston's deerhound,
i. 56
Brander, Mr., his collection of
fossils from ChristGhurch cliffs,
i. 15
Brazil, Lord Palmerston's treat
ment of, i. 358
Breadalbane, Lady, ii. 19
— Lord, i. 400
Breech-loading gun, the cause of
the Prussian success of 1866, ii.
360
Brenton, John, an old servant of
the author, ii. 246 ; his death,
253
Bribery Bill (1862), i. 334
Brigandage, Neapolitan, ii. 291
Briggs, Mr., the murder of, ii.
328 sq.
Bright, Mr. John, i. 276, ii. 117,
346 ; speech on the annexation
of Savoy and Nice, ii. 218;
violent attack on Mr. Disraeli,
382; President of Board of
Trade (18C8), 888
Brighton, a journey to, in 1835, i.
60
Broglie, Duo de, i. 157, 193, 291
Broomfield, large yew tree at, ii.
195
Brotherton, Colonel, anecdote of,
i. 20
— General, i. 424
Brougham, Lord, mentioned, i. 39,
57, 62, 99, 100, 106, 111, 241,
248, 269, ii. 103, 328, 361 ; an
ecdote of bis bad French, i. 90;
scene with Bunsen, 263 ; letters
from, 349 sq. ; endeavours to
reconcile Lord Palmerston and
Lord John Russell, ii. 109
Bruce, Mr., il. 207, 217; Home
Secretary (1868), 388

INDIA'.

420

BRU
Brunnow, Baron, mentioned, i.
157, 307, 314, 351, .'ir.S, 3()1, 418,
ii. 42, 47, 108, 165, 2:!7, 314 ;
lettei- from, i. 380; mot on the
Duke of Wellington's funeral,
ii. 3ti5
Bnclmnan, Mr., i. 310
Buckingham, Duko of, i. 173 ;
President of the Council (1866),
ii. 358
Bull fights in Madrid, i. 203
Bull's Run, battle of, ii. 257
Bulwer- Lytton, Sir E., i. 10, ii.
20, 30, 32, 145 ; Secret.iry for
the Colonies (18.18), ii. 97 ; re
signation, 98, 101
Bulwer, Sir Henry, mentioned, i.
19, 175, 200, 289, 328, 331,
341 sq., 360, ii. 134 ; Ambas
sador to Constantinople, ii. 118,
126
Bunsen, Count, mentioned, i. 315,
332, 334, 359 ; attacked by
Brougham in the House of
Lords, 263 ; object of his sham
scene with Lord Clarendon,
429 ; recalled from London,
431
Buol, Count, i. 311, 313, 320, .325,
.327, 331, 338, ii. 147, 155
Burghersh, Lord, English Minister
at Florence (1828), i. 23, 440
Burgoyne, Sir John, i. 450
Burlington, Lady, i. 60
Burrell, Captain, anecdote of, i.
444
— General, i. 128
— Rev. Mr., anecdote by, i. 253 ;
his death, ii. 392
Butcher, Mr., of the yacht ' Me
dina,' anecdote of, i. 5
Butler, General (American), ii.
274
— Mrs. {nee Kemble), i. 193
— Sir John, i. 107, 109
Bynp, Mr. (' Poodle Byng '), i.
427
Byron, his bad reputation through
Europe (1828), 1. 20; how he

CAN
wvdf c ' Don Juan,' 32 ; his pet
goose, ill. ; infatuation ot women
for him, ib.

C.MilNET DINNERS, i. 321
Cabrera, General, i. 76, 260
Cadiz, Duke of (husband of Queen
Isabella), i. 1 75
' Cagli-iri ' affair, the, ii. 105 .oqq.,
112 sqq., 110, 123
Cairns, Lord, ii, 373, 409 ; Lord
Chancellor, 378
Calais, Commission sanitaire at
(1832), i. 45
Cambridge (Adolphus Frederick),
Duke of, his death (1850), i.
265
— Duchess of, i. 95, 141
— (George) Duke of, i. 424, 431,
449, ii. 45
Cameron, Colonel, anecdote about,
i. 272
Campbell, General Sir Colin, ii.
82, 87, 91
— Lord, ii. 71 ; Lord Chancellor
(1859), 191
Gampana, feigner, his collection
of Etruscan vases, i. 183
Canada, insurrection in (1 837), i.
83, 85, 97, (1849) 249
Candia, Count. See Mario
— offered by Emperor Nicholas to
England as a bribe, i. 428
Cannes, Lord Brougham's house
at, i. 191
Canning, Lady, i. 140, 146, 149,
ii. 48, 77 ; her death, 263
— Lord, mentioned, i. 149, 153,
163, 187, 199, ii. 75, 82 sqq.,
87, 89, 95 ; his description of
affaii's in Madrid (1847), i. 199 ;
letters from, 199, 274 ; opposed
to the recognition of Napo
leon III., 373, 375 ; his death,
275
— Mr., i. 2 ; his death, 35
— Sir Stratford, i. 307, 314, 329
Canrobert, General, i. 444, ii. 17 ;

426

INDEX.

CAN
his praise of the English troops,
ii. 11 ; superseded in his com
mand, 24
Cautelupe, Lord, i. 257
Canterbury election case (1853),
i. 397
Canton, storming of (1841), i. 137 ;
bombardment of, ii. 55 ; claims
of merchants for compensation,
87
Capitan Pasha, the, i. 105
Capri, i. 185
Capua, Garibaldi defeated at, ii.
235
Carbonari, the, i. 23 ; threats
against Napoleon III., ii. 148,
157, 160
Cardigan, Lord, mentioned, i. 424,
444, ii. 24 ; celebrated as a
horseman, i. 64 ; his trial in the
House of Lords, 129
Cardwell, Mr,, ii. 120 sq. ; Secre
tary for Ireland (1859), ii. 191 ;
War Secretary (1868), 388
Carlists, the, i. 68, 71, 73, 74 sq.,
137
Carnarvon, Lord, i. 37, 75 n. ;
Colonial Secretary (1866), ii.
358 ; resignation, 366
Carnival at Rome, i. 186
Carnot, M., i. 219
Caroline, Queen: feeling of Eton
boys against her, i. 16
Carrara marble works, i. 51
Carrington, Lady, ii. 75
Casigliano, Duke of, i. 338, 342
Castel Fidardo, battle of, ii. 235
Castiglione, Madame, ii. 75
Castles on the Loire, visit to, ii.
260
Cavaignac, General, i. 289, 293
Cavour, Count, mentioned, i. 360,
ii. 45, 52, 68, 148 sq., 157, 197,
199, 220, 226, 234, 237, 268, 292 ;
his death, 253
Cawnpore, ii. 85, 87, 92
Cecil, Lord Robert (now Marquis
of Salisbury), ii. 321
Cetto, Baron, i. 358, 430

CHB
Ceylon, debate on (1851), i. 284
Chablais, ii. 224
Chalons, Camp of, ii. 276
Chamarande (M. de Persigny's),
visit to, ii. 281, 284
Changarnier, General, i. 268, 289,
293
Charles Albert. See Sardinia,
King of
' Charles et Georges,' ihe case of
the, ii. 140, 143, 161, 159
Charlotte, Empress (of Mexico),
ii. 371
Charras, General, i. 289, 293
Chartists, the (1840), i. 107, 144,
(1848)223 sqq.
Chelmsford, Lord]: Lord Chancellor
(1858), ii. 97, (1866) 358 ; suc
ceeded by Lord Cairns, 378 ; mot
on Dr. Wilberforce, 408
Chelsea, Lord, ii. 196
Chesterfield, Lord : his death, ii.
354
Childers, Mr., First Lord of the
Admiralty (1868), ii. 388
Chillingham (Lord Tankerville's),
visits to, i. 18, 35 ; adventure
with a wild bull at, 54
Chimay, Prince de, ii. 149
China, difficulty with, i. 113, 130,
138 ; treaty concluded with
(1841), 130 ; war with (1857)
ii. 55, 60, 65
Cholera, the visitation of, in
1831-32, i. 39; Dr. Quiu's re
medy, ib. ; in London (1848),
235 ; in England (1865), ii. 341
Chotek, Baron, ii. 154
Chreptovich, Count, ii. 50, 79
Christchurch Head: plentifulness
of black game in its vicinity in
the author's youth, i. 9 ; its cliffs
rich in fossils, 14 sq.
— the borough of, i. 15 ; distin
guished men connected with,
ib.
Christina, Princess (afterwards
Queen of Spain), at King
Bomba's Court, i. 30

INDEX.

427

CIIR
Christopher, Mr., i. 139
Christy, Mr., English Minister at
Brazil, ii. 298
Church Act (1845), i. 157
Churchill, Lady, ii. 115
 Cornelia : her maiTiage, ii.
382, 385
Church Rate Bill, u. 126, 230. 254
Cialdini, Gener.il, ii. 234, 276
Clanricarde, Lord, i. 415, ii. 116
Clanwilliam, Lord, i. 100, 2i;(!, 120
Claremont, Colonel, ii. 194
Clarendon, Lady, ii. 67
— Lord, mentioned, i. 172, 277,
293, 304, 386, 400 sq., 403, 424,
427, 430, ii. 6, 20, 44, 47, 58,
116, 144, 170, 173, 216, 268, 355
sq. ; scene between Bunsen and
him, i. 429 ; letter from, ii. 123 ;
on necromancy and spiritualism,
289; Foreign Secretary (1868),
388; his death, 413
Clausel, Marshal, i. 121
Clay, Mr., i. 75
— Sir W., ii. 43
C erkenwell prison, the explosion
at, ii. 377
Clermont, visit to, ii. 279
Clifford, Sir Augustus, ii. 322
Clothilde, Princess : her mot ou her
own marriage, ii. 223
Cluny Castle, visit to, i. 252
Cobden, Mr., i. 174, 367;'ii. 62,
189, 245, 276 ; President of the
Board of Trade (1859), ii. 191
Colborne, Sir John, i. 97, 98
Colchester, Lord, ii. 47
Coleridge, Mr., Solicitor-General
(1868), u. S88
Collier, Sir R., Attorney-General
(1868), ii. 388
CoDoredo, Mdme., i. 437
Colville, Lord, i. 303 ; ii. 72
Comet of 1857, the, ii. 72 ; of 1858,
135
Compton, Mr., i. 57,58, 64, 96, 133
Condrieu, the wine of, i. 48
Congress : of Paris (1856), ii. 42
sq., 53, 268 ; on the Principali-

COW
ties, 156; proposed, on Italian
alVairs, 162 sqq., 169 sqq.
Connellan, Mr. Corry, stui'y of, ii.
74
Couservat ive party : their position
in reirard to the Corn Laws
(1839), i. 99, 164; disorganisa
tion of (1850), ii. 53
Convention between Austria and
the Porte, i. 437
Conyngham, Lord Albert, i. 25
— Mr,, ii. 85
Coplesfon (afterwards Bishop
of Llandaff), Provost of Oriel,
i. 17
Cook, Mr., the author's private
tutor at Heron Court and Eton,
i 14, 15, 17
Corn Laws, proposed abolition of
(1837), i. 75, (1838) 98, (1840)
11.3, 117,(1841) 131,(1842) 139,
(1846) 162, (1846) 166, 171,
(in the House of Lords) 172
Corporation Bill (1835), i. 69
Coronation of Queen Victoria, i.
96
Corry, Mr., i, 157 ; First Lord of
the Admiralty (1866), ii. 367
— Admiral, i. 438
Corti, Count (Italian Ambassador),
ii. 154
Costa, Sir Michael, ii. 299
Coteioffiano, Count : his duel with
Mr. F. St. John, i. 51
Cotton trade, state of (1862), ii.
276
County franchise, Mr. Locke
King's Bill (1858), ii, 116
Couj) d'etat of Prince Louis Napo
leon (Dec. 2, 1851), 289 sq.
' Courtney, Sir William,' leader
of rioters in Kent (1838), i.
93
Courvoisier, the murderer of Lord
William Russell, i. 116
Covent Garden Opera House
burnt, ii. 43
Cowley, Lady, ii. 174
— Lord, i. 310, 323, 328, 337,

428

INDEX.

CEA
343, 363, 369, 370, 387, 412, ii.
93, 98, 104, 158, 160, 170 ; on
the origin of the numeral ' III.'
in Napoleon's title, 379
Cracow annexed to Austria, i. 181
Crampton, Lady {nee Balfe), ii.
263
— Mr., i. 322
— Mr. (American Minister), ii. 47
— Sir John, ii. 110, 253 ^
Cranborne, Lord, Secretary for
India (1866), ii. 358 ; resigna-'^"
tion, 366
Cranworth, Lord, Chancellor in
the Aberdeen Ministry, i. 377
Craven, Lady Mary, ii. 144, 178 ;
her portrait by Grant, 272
Crawford, Mr. Sharman, i. 136
Crimean war, the, 439 sqq. ; treaty
between Austria and England,
447 sq.
Crinan Canal, the, laughable in
cident on, i. 161
Crofters of the Isle of Skye (in
1838), i. 96
Cruisers, American, ii. 266
Crusol, view from the ruined
castle of, i. 48
Ciystal Palace (1851), strange pro
posal for testing its strength, i.
270
Curious discovery at Madrid, ii.
399
Curzon, Mr., ii. 76
Custozza, battle of, ii. 357
(Just, Sir E., ii. 48

DAIRYMAID and the Duke, the,
ii. 275
Dallas, Mr. (American Minister),
ii, 48, 227
— Mrs,, ii. 48, 181
Damer, Colonel, i. 58 ; acts as
second to Lord Alvanley in a
duel, 65
— Mr , ii. 273
Danish question (1858), ii 137
Danish succession question, the, i.

DER
321, 330; a convention signed,
332
Dannenberg, General, i. 409
Danubian Principalities, i. 405,
430, 437, ii. 78, 123, 126, 128
' Dark Mile ' Glen, i. 152
Daru, Count, i. 290
Dashwood, Admiral, i. 99 ; his
death, ii. 399
Death sentence ou rioters (1840),
i. 108
Deceased Wife's Sister Bill, ii. 251
Deficit of rents (1849), i. 239
De Grey, Lord, i. 135
— Lord (now Marquis of Eipon),
ii. 221 ; Lord President (1868),
388
Dembinski, General, i. 249
Denison, Mr. (Speaker, 1866), ii.
346
Denmark, King of : his death, ii.
307
— relations with Prussia, i. 229,
246
Deposition of Pope Pius IX. de
creed at Rome, i. 239
Deputation from City of London
to Emperor Napoleon, in favour
of peace (1863), i 395
Delane, Mr. J. F., ii. 192
Delhi, fall of, ii, 85
De la Warr, Lord, ii. 143
Derby, Lady, i. 304, 365, ii. 68,
163, 222, 232, 350
— (Fourteenth) Earl of, men
tioned, i. 1, 40, 58, 108, 142, 145,
147, 161, 166, 170, 194, 204, 210,
238, 243, 248, 276, 287, 340, 399,
436, 449, ii. 5, 30, 41, 45, 71,
79, 89, 200, 247, 314, 357, 360,
364, 383 ; his perfect organisa
tion of Vattve shooting at
Knowsley, i. 42 ; his mental
powers exemplified, ib. ; speeches
mentioned, 62, 111, 377, 423,
436, ii. 23, 47 ; the Irish Regis-
t ration Bill (1840), i. 116; letters
from, 256, 262, 267, 271, 286,
292, 298 sq,, 312, 347, 351 sq.

INDE.V:.

420

DER
897, 400, 116, 439, ii 2, 41, 50,
53, 67 sq., 213, 218, 232, 211,
243, 284, 287, 289, 332, 3,-,l,
389; opinion of Mr, Disraeli's
speeches (1851), i. 271 ; attempt
to form a Ministry (1851), 277 ;
his proposed policy in that year,
279; on the county franchise,
301, 3.il, 416 ; Prime Minister
(1852), 305 ; list of his Ministry,
316 ; general election, 343 ;
Chancellor of Oxford, 359 ;
memorandum on Napoleon III.'s
title, 363 ; adherence to free
trade, 363 ; resignation of his
Ministry, 375 ; praise of Lord
Malmesbury, 377 ; Chancellor of
Oxford, 404; his 'Iliad,' &c.,
414 ; his manner of life in Lon
don, 434 ; fails iu the endeavour
to form a Ministry (1855), ii. 6 ;
his praise of the Peelites, 7 ; his
principle of ' one thing at a
time ' iflustrated, 21 ; on Life
Peerages, 41 ; on the disorgani
sation of the Conservative party,
63 ; on Lord Palmerston's poli
tical tactics, 54 ; enthusiastic
reception by the Conservatives
(1857), 62 ; on the Chinese War,
70 ; attacks Lord Canning, 90 ;
Prime Minister : list of his Cabi
net, 97 ; joke on the ' Wooden
Spoons of Old England,' 127;
his Reform Bill (1858), 145, 152,
155 ; dissolves ParUament, 167 ;
defeat and resignation of his
Ministry, 187 ; made K.G., 188 ;
Paper Duty Bill, 228; on the
Volunteers, 230 ; proposal of
making Italy into two kingdoms
divided by the Papal Slates,
262 ; joke on Lord John RusseU,
265; on Prince Albert's death,
268 ; his noble exertions during
the Cotton-famine, 285 n. ; at
the Mansion House (1863), 299
the Schleswig-Holstein question
327; his translation of Homer

DlS
332 ; Prime Minister ; list of his
Cabinet, 358 ; ' a leap in tho
dark,' 371; resignation, 379;
speech on the Irish Church BiU
(1869), 401 ; his death, 412 ;
sketch of his career, ib.
De Bos, General Lord, i, 224 ; ii.
45
Desart, Lord, death of, ii. 336
Devonshire, Duke of, i. 60, 113,
149, 185
Dickens, Mr, Charles, i. 19
Dietrichstein, Count, Austrian
Ambassador in London, i. 227,
229
Dijon, visit to, ii. 270 sq.
Diplomatic Relations with Rome
BiU, i. 209
Disraeli, Mr, mentioned, i. 19, 41,
43, 12«, 164, 171, 254, 267, 272,
277 sq., 283, 304, 340, 384, 401,
404, 414, 434, 439, ii. 7, 22, 28
30, 32, 45, 60, 69, 89, 104, 107,
121, 145, 167, 178, 188, 200, 232,
243, 287, 294, 300, 309, 325, 379,
389 ; his early speeches in Parlia
ment, i. 41 ; challenged Morgan
O'Connell, 65 ; his marriage, 128 ;
attacks on Sir R. Peel, 164, 172 ;
letters from, 254, 255, 297, 343,
382, 417, 425, ii 1, 37, 247, 302,
310, 371 ; a difficulty with Lord
Derby, i. 303 ; joke on his appoint
ment in Lord Derby's Ministry,
309 ; Chancellor of the Ex
chequer and Leader of the
House of Commons, 316 ; first
Budget speech, 332 ; views on
free-trade, 343, 367 ; malt tax,
372 ; on the Reform BiU (1853),
415; at Heron Court, 418; on
the Eastern Question, 425 ; dis
agreement with Lord Derby, ii.
8; unpopularity (1866), 54; at
tack on Lord Palmerston, 56 ;
speech on the secret treaty with
Austria, 59 ; his position on the
China question, 61 sq. ; Chan
cellor of the Exchequer (1858),

430

INDEX.

DIS
97 ; difficulties with his party,
116 ; Reform Bill, 156 ; the
forty-shilling freeholder, 160 ;
disliked by the party, 262 ;
diatribe against Mr. Walpole,
274 ; the Junior Conservative
Club, 302; the Schleswig-Hol
stein question, 327 ; on the
Reform Bill of 1866, 366 ; Chan
cellor of the Exchequer (1866),
358 ; the ' Six Hours ' Reform
Bill, 365 sqq. ; on Proxies, 371 ;
Prime Minister, 378 ; dissolution
of Parliament, 381 ; resignation,
387
Disraeli, Mrs., i. 128, 418, ii. 294,
329, 387 ; anecdote of, i. 243
Divorce Bill, the, ii. 72
Dodwell, Mrs. : a beautiful Italian
lady at Rome (1828), i. 25, 237
Don Juan of Spain, ii. 74
Donoughmore, Lord, President of
the Board of Trade (1859), ii. 158
Dorchester, attack on farmers at,
i. 258
D'Orsay, Count : his skill as a
painter, i. 19
Douro, Lord, i. 281, 366
Douglas, Lord, i. 89, 91
Drawing-room story, a, ii. 80
Dresden, insurrection in (1849),
i. 249
Drouyn de I'Huys, 1. 369 sqq., 388,
394, u. 13, 16, 20, 283, 286, 355
Duke, Sir John, i. 395
Dumas, General, i. 218
Duncannon, Lord, i. 130
Dundas, Admiral, i. 433, 438
Dundonald, Lord : his death, ii. 238
Dunkellin, Lord, i. 443, 449; ii.
368
Durham, Lord, i. 56, 96 sqq. ; his
marriage, i. 435
Dutch women, an example of their
marvellous constitution, i. 19
Duty on Paper BUI (1860), ii. 227
sq., 232, 262
Dynamite, clock-work apparatus
for : the first inventor, ii. 94

ELY
EAGLES in the Highlands, i.
153
Eastern Question, the, i. 1 20
East India Company, i. 173
Eboli, Duchesse d', i. 28
Ebrington, Lord, Lord- Lieutenant
of Ireland (1839), i. 99
Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, i. 271,
282, 286
Ecuador, the Presidency of, offered
to Prince Louis Napoleon, i. 158
Eddisbury, Lord (afterwards Lord
Stanley of Alderley), i. 237
Egerton, Lord F., i. 74
Eglinton, Lady, ii. 170
— Lord, i. 169, 278, ii. 71 ; his
death, 260
Egypt, relations of, with Turkey,
i. 106, 123 sqq., 314 ; affairs of,
326 ; offered by Emperor Nicho
las to England as a bribe, 426
Eloho, Lord, u. 300
Elgin, Lord, i. 249, ii. 23, 76, 244 ;
Postmaster-General - (1859), ii.
191
Ellenborough, Lord, i. 145, 450,
ii. 5, 8, 17, 22, 61, 71, 75, 77, 89,
127; President of the Board of
Control (1858), ii. 97; Lord
Canning's proclamation, 117,
119 ; his resignation, 118
EUesmere, Lord : his death, ii. 61
EUice, Mr. (' Bear EUice '), i. 36,
83, 234, ii. 197
Elliot, Admiral, concludes a treaty
with China, i. 130
EUiott, Mr., ii. 110
Elopements : of Miss Colquhoun
Grant with Mr. Briusley Sheri
dan, i. 66 ; of Lady Adela Vil
liers with Captain Ibbotson, 161 ;
of Lady Adelaide Vane with
Mr. Law, 304
Elphinstone,General : the calamity
of the Khoord Cabul Pass, i. 142
— Lord, i. 60, ii. 82, 95; his
death, 231
Ely, Lady, u. 26, 67, 153, 178, 264,
267

INDEX.

431

EJIE
Emerson Tennant, Sir, i. 35 1
Emperor of Austria, abdication of
(1848), i 237
' Enchanted St:ig, the,' ii. 209
Espartero, General, i. 146
Esterhazy, Prince Nicholas, i. 137,
138, u. 196
— Princess, i. 221, 407
Eton, the slate of the school iu
1821, i. 15 ; incidents of school
life, 16 ; a boy killed in a school
fight, ib. ; fights between ' town
and gown,' 17
Etruscan vases, i. 183
Eugenie, Empress, i. 387, 413, ii.
37, 66, 87, 144, 282 ; in Eng
land, ii. 18 sqq., 77 ; birth of
her son, 44 ; injured in Orsini's
attempt to assassinate the Em
peror, 92 ; private visit to Lou
don, 239, 283 sq.
Eupatoria, Russians defeated by
the Tm-ks at, ii. 10
Eu, Queen Victoria's visit to, i.
146
' Europa,' the, burnt at sea, i. 436
European war threatened, ii 147
Evans, Colonel, commander of the
Westminster Legion in Spain,
i. 71 ; his nickname among his
soldiers, 76 ; in the Crimean
War, 76
Everett, Mr., i. 142
Exhibition building (of 1862),
Parliamentary dispute about the,
u. 299 sq.
Exhibition of 1851, i, 283
Extraordinary heat, ii. 383
Eyre, General (American), i. 87
— Governor (of Jamaica), ii, 344

FAGEL, Baron, u. 370
Fane, Sir Hemy, i. 58
Faueigny, ii. 224
Favart de I'Anglade, Madame, i.
395
Federal War in America, ii. 262,
267 sqq., 261, 266, 270, 273 sqq..

FOR
278, 287, 301, 303, 309, 335 ;
French mciliation refused, 203
Feniau murderers exoouteil at
Manchester, ii. 375
Fcrozeshah, battle of, i. 168
Fergusson, Di,, ii, 63
Fialin, the real name of M. <lc
Persigny, i. 300 n.
Firewood, heavy cost of in Franco
(1832), i 48
Fisheries dispute with the United
States, i, 343, 347, 354 ; Conven
tion, ii. 08
Fitz-Clarenoe, Lord Adolphus, ii.
20
Fitzhardinge, Lord : his last words,
ii. 89
Fitzharris, Lord. See Malmesbury,
(Second) Earl of
Fitzgerald, Lord Otho : his mar
riage, ii. 242 n.
— Mr. Seymour, ii. 98, 220
FitzwiUiam, Lord, i. 427
Flahault, Comte de, i. 215, 395,
ii. 182, 316 ; Ambassador to
London, ii. 240 ; recalled, 286
— Comtesse de, i. 80, ii. 213,
237, 319
Fleming, Mr., i. 60
Fleury, Colonel, i. 290
Flint guns still used by Italian
sportsmen iu 1828, i. 30
Flood in London (1841), i 137
Florence, visits to, i. 23, 180 ; ii.
392
Fontainebleau, the Court at (1853),
i. 411 ; a shooting party at, 412
Fontevrault, Abbey of, visit to, ii.
303
Forcadel, Lieutenant, i. 74
Force, Comtesse de la, murder of,
ii. 43
Foreign Enlistment BUI (1854),
i. 450
Foreign Office, the work of the
ii. 310
Foreign political questions in 1852
resume of, i. 320
Forests of the Highlands, i. 153

432

INDEX.

FOR
' Fornarina, the,' by Raphael, i. 24
Fort Constantine (Sebastopol), at
tack on, i. 442
Fortescue, Mr. Chichester, Secre
tary for Ireland (1868), ii. 388
Fort Sumter, bombardment of, ii.
262
Fossils from the blue London clay
found on Christchurch cliffs, i.
15
Fould, M., i. 300
France, incidents of travel in
(1832), i. 45 sqq
Francis, Sir Philip, aneodute of,
i. 71
Franklin, Sir John : news of his
fate, i. 441
Franz Josef (Archduke, afterwards
Emperor of Austria), i. 237 ;
attempt to assassinate him, 385
sq. ; with his army in Lom
bardy, ii. 194 sqq. ; why he
accepted Napoleon's terms of
peace, 201
French Court, the, in 1837, i. 78 ;
in 1838, 91
— Crown jewels, the, i. 334
— expedition to Rome, i. 248 sqq,
— language : its study banished
from English schools during the
long war, i. 12
— Queen of the: her death, ii.
350
Frederick William of Prussia,
Prince : his marriage to the
Princess Royal of England, ii.
72,94
Freeborn, Mr., i. 341
Free- trade, i. 174
Fremantle, Sir Thomas, i. 157
Fuad Pasha, ii, 372
Furious donkey, a, ii. 280

GABLENZ, Field-Marshal, ii.
360
Gaeta, the bombardment of, pre
vented by the French, ii. 240
Gaggiotti, Signora, the ' Corinne '

of Rome, i. 183 ; in Loudon,
288
Gallwey, General Sir William :
visit to his villa at Ch3,telaine,
i. 21
Gamba, Count (father of Countess
Guiccioli), i. 28 ; a, visit to his
bouse at Ravenna, 31
Gambling among English visitors
at Rome (1828), i. 24
Gamekeepers : a test for choosing
them, i. 10
Garibaldi, i. 251 ; ii. 133 ; in the
war in Lombardy, 184 ; in
Sicily, 227 sqq. ; in Naples, 233 ;
defeated at Capua, 235 ; iu re-
beUiou against Victor Emanuel,
276 ; wounded and captured at
Aspromonte, 277 ; in London,
320; on the Papacy, 321; on
Emperor Napoleon, ib. ; why he
so soon left England, 322 ; ar
rested (1867), 373
Gamier Pagfe, M., i. 220
Garotters, ii. 288, 295
' Gazington ' hounds : a scratch
pack kept by Mr. Welbj', Lord
E. Thynne, and the author when
at Oriel College, i. 1 8
Geneva, a visit to, i. 20
George IV. : Eton boys took his
side in the trial of Queen Caro
line, i. 16
German States, the, and the war
in Lombardy, ii. 203, 205
Ghuznee, capture and destruction
of, i. 144
Gilbert, General, i. 248
Girardin, M. Emile de, i. 219
Glenelg, Lord, ii. 42
Glen Maly, i. 154
Gladstone, Mr., mentioned, i. 157,
209, 277, 363, 418, 420, ii. 5, 10,
67, 60, 62, 64, 99, 122, 125, 170,
300 ; his personal appearance
(in 1844), i. 165 ; opposition to
Mr. Disraeli, 333 ; proposed en
try into Lord Derby's Ministry,
369; ChanceUor of the Ex-

INDEX.

C!LA
chequer in the .\bordcen Minis
try, 378 ; Oxford election (1852),
381 ; opposed the proposal (o
repeal tax on advertisements,
398 ; his first Budget, ib. ; in
vited to join Lord Derby (1855),
ii9; desirous to join Lord Derby,
56 ; refuses to join Lord Derby
(1858), 97; thoroughly opposed
to the Derby Ministry, 100 ;
Commissioner of the Ionian
Islands, 143; Chancellor ot the
Exchequer, 191 ; Reform Bill
(1860), 228 ; violent speech
against Palmerston, 231 ; the
duty on fire insurances, 270 ;
Reform Bill (1866), 349 ; BiU
for Redistribution of Seats,
353; resignation, 357; resigna
tion of leadership of the Oppo
sition, 369; angered at Mr.
Disraeli's elevation, 381 ; attacks
his Government, 384 ; Prime
Minister : list of his Cabinet,
388 ; his Irish Church BiU, 391
sqq. ; his sentiments against
the House of Lords, 409
Gloucester, Duchess of : her death,
U. 67
Goderich, Lady : anecdote of her
little daughter, i, 253
Goodrick, Sir H., i. 63
Gold, exceptional case of rent paid
in, during the Napoleonic wars,
i. 7
Goojerat, battle of, i. 246
Gordon, Sir Arthur, i. 345
 Robert, i. 345
Gore, Mrs. n. 28
Gorgey, dictator of Hungary, i.
252
Goritz, battle of, i. 228
Gorfschakoff, Genera], i. 363, 437 ;
his panegyric on the Duke of
WeUington, 369
Goschen, Mr,, President of Poor
Law Board (1868), ii. 388
Gough, Sir Hugh (afterwards Lord
Gough), i. 168, 240, 245
VOL. II.

ORE
Goulburn, Mr., i. 106
Grafton, Duchess of, i. 137
Graham, Sir James, i. 145, lO.'i,
277, ii. 120, 126 ; over the Ad
miralty in the Aberdeen Minis
try, i. 378; his violent speech
against Louis Napoleon, 392
Gramont, Due de (Lady Tanker
ville's father) : anecdotes of
Louis XV. told by, i, 47
Granby, Lord (afterwards Duke of
Rutla]id), ii. 46 ; leader of the
Protectionists, i. 206
Grand tournament. Lord Eglin
ton's, i. 105
Grant, General (American), ii.
309, 336
 Sir Patrick, ii. 82, 91
— Miss Colquhoun (Mrs. Briusley
Sheridan), i. 66
— Sir Colquhoun, i. 66
Granville, Lady, i. 60
— Lord, mentioned, i, 59, 128,
293, 313, 320, 447, ii. 23, 63,
77, 116, 263, 309, 352, 409;
President of the Council (1854),
377; Chancellor of the Duchy
of Lancaster (1854), i. 436 ;
President of the Council (1859),
ii. 191; Colonial Secretary
(1868), 388
Gravel Pits (Sebastopol), the at
tack on, ii. 25
Greathed, Colonel, u. 89
' Great Stag of Gusach, the,' i. 199
Greek Question, the (1850), i. 261,
351, (1862) n. 287; treaty
signed, i. 366
Greville, Mr. Charies, ii. 86, 153
 Henry, ii. 153
Grisi, Madame, i. 270
Gros, Baron, French Ambassador
to London, ii. 286
Grosvenor, Lord (now Duke of
Westminster), ii. 349, 355
Grey, Lord, mentioned, i. 36, 58,
61 sqq., 248, n. 67, 71, 95, 99,
116,212,214,221,226; descrip
tion of his famUy life, i. 36 ;
F P

434

INDEX.

GEE
epigram on his politics, 83 ; op
position to the Derby Ministry,
312 ; refuses to join the Derby
Ministry (1858), ii. 97
Grey, Sir Charles, ii. 380
 George, i. 321, 343, 417,420;
Secretary for the Colonies
(1854), 436; ChanceUor of the
Duchy of Lancaster (1889), ii.
191 ; Home Secretary (1861),
257 ; opposed to the flogging of
garotters, 296
Guards, the, despatched to the
Crimea, i. 425 ; their losses
there, 449 ; their entry into
London (1856), u. 49
Guiccioli, Countess, description of,
i. 26 ; aided by the author to es
cape from Rome, 31 ; a visit to
her father's house, ib. ; her
stories about Byron, 32 ; anxiety
for him when he went to Greece,
33 ; a guest at Lady Blessing-
ton's parties, 34 ; letter from,
306
Guiche, Due de (Lady Tanker
ville's brother), i. 39, 147
— — — (afterwards Due de
Gramont), Lady Tankerville's
nephew, i, 39, 147, ii. 175, 302,
413 ; French Minister at Turin,
i. 390, ii. 62
Guildhall : the Queen present at a
baU there, i, 286
Guizot, M,, i, 78, 90, 112, 128, 212,
214, 222, 233 ; ii. 56
Gumba Kusleby, the disaster at,
i. 437
Gurney, Mr., i. 395
Gye, Mr., ii. 44
Gyulai, General, ii, 182, 196, 216

HABEAS CORPUS ACT sus
pended in Ireland, ii. 348
Halford, Sir Henry (Court physi
cian in 1831-2), attacked by
Brougham for fighting shy of
cholera oases, i. 3

HAE
Halifax, Lord (Sir C. 'Wood), i.
276
Ham, a visit to Prince Louis
Napoleon at, i. 168
Hamelin, Admiral, i. 433
Hamilton, Dowager Duchess of,
her death, ii. 184
— Duke of, his death, ii. 300
— Lady Bertha (Countess of
Durham), i. 436
— Lady Louisa, ii. 127
— Mr. (of the ' Morning Herald '),
ii. 73
Hammond Bergne, Mr., ii. 128
Hammond, Mr., i. 319
Hampden, Dr. : his appointment
to the See of Hereford, i. 205
Hampshire : the district of, around
Bournemouth, rich in objects of
natural history, i. 10 ; the Lord-
Lieutenancy of, 348, 355
' Happy Family ' (of Ministers and
ex-Ministers) at Buckingham
Palace, ii. 67
Hango (Baltic), the affair of, ii.
26
Hanover, King of, ii. 229
Hardinge, Lady, i. 243
— Lord, i. 243, 360, 366, 421, 450,
n. 1, 21, 32; his death, 49
— Sir Henry, i. 168
Hardwicke, Lord, i. 247, 278, 401 ;
Lord Privy Seal (1868), ii. 97
Hardy, Mr. Gathorne, President of
the Poor Law Board (1866), ii.
368
HarUngtou, the largest yew-tree
in England at, 195
Harris, Hon. B, A. J., letter from,
ii. 223
— Mr. Charles (the author's
brother), i. 70, 122 ; Bishop of
Gibraltar, i. 70 ; Archdeacon of
Wilts, ii. 291
— Mrs. Charles : her death, ii, 334
— Mr. Edward (the author's
brother), mentioned, i. 3, 11,
12, 15, 149, 304, 381 ; M.P. for
Christchurch, and British Minis-

INDEX.

435

HAR
ter at Berne and the Hague,
i 17 n.
Harris, Mr. George, ii, 37, 61 ; his
mission to Piince Louis Napo
leon, 1. 346 ; letter from, 385 ;
his death, ii. 85
— Mr. See Malmesbury, (First)
Earl of
Harrison, Captain (of the ' Great
Ea.stern '), drowned, ii. 213
Hartington, Lord, Postmaster-
General (1868), u. 388
Harvey, Sir John, i. 129
Hastings, Lady Flora, i. 104
Hatherley, Lord, Lord Chancellor
(1868), ii. 388
Havelock, General, ii. 79, 85, 87,
91 ; his death, 92
Hay, Lady E., n. 40
Haynau, Marshal, i. 240 ; attack
on, in London, 362
Hayter, Captain, ii. 355
Heathcote, Mr., i. 98
— Sir GUbert, i. 67, 282
Heaths near Bournemouth, used
to be rich in objects of natural
history, i. 10; the barrows on
them, 11
Helena, Princess, her marriage, ii.
343
Hen-harrier (a species of hawk) :
formerly favoured the locality
where Bournemouth now stands,
i. 9 ; a gamekeeper's method of
finding their nests, 10
Henley, Mr., i. 278
Herbert, Lady Mary, i. 77
— Lord. See Herbert, Mr. Sidney
Herbert, Mr. Sidney, mentioned,
i. 133, 167, 162, 169, 233, 256,
277, 316, 368, 369, n. 6, 21, 66,
63 sq,, 186, 217 ; his passionate
attack on the author, i. 169 ;
letter from, 267 ; part-proprietor
of the ' Morning Chronicle,'
317 n. ; War Secretary in the
Aberdeen Ministrj', 378; letter
from, ii. 38 ; his views on Rus
sian aggression, 39 ; War Seore-

HUN
tary (1859), 191; illness and
deaf b, 256 sq.
Herbert, Mrs, Sidney, i, 399
Heron Court, account of, i. 6; its
neighbourhood a great resort of
smugglers, 7
Herries, Mr, i. 278 sq., 283
Hertford, Marquis of, i. 222, 354
Hesse, Marshal, ii. 196, 215
Highcliffe, its dangerous position,
i. 273
Highlands, the : value of sporting
rights in 1832 and now, i. 54
Hill, Mr., British Minister at
Naples (1828), i. 28
Hohenzollern candidateship to the
throne of Spain, the, ii. 416 sq.
— Prince, ii. 116
Holdburg, a Chartist leader (1840),
i. 108
Holland, Queen of. See Queen of
the Netherlands
Holy Places, the, i. 375 sqq., 383,
396
Hooper, Mr., chairman of customs,
anecdote of, i. 6
Hope, Admiral, ii. 207
HorsfaU, Mr., u. 261
Hotham, Sir Charles, i. 409, 426
Hounds : the author part-owner of
a scratch pack when at Oriel
College, i. 18
Howard, Mrs., i. 346
Howick, Lord, i. 40, 62
— (Lord Grey's house), a visit to,
i. 36
Hudson, Sir James, i. 338, ii. 51,
136, 139, 143, 153, 168, 174,
237
Hughenden, visit to, ii. 329
Hugon, Admiral, i. 122
Hume, Mr., his motion on the
aUowauce to Prince Albert, i.
109
Hungary, revolution in, i. 221
Hunting in 1832, i. 53
' Hunt, Lord,' leader of agrarian
rioters in Wiltshire and Hamp
shire (1830), i. 39 r F 2

436

INDEX.

HUE
Hurricane on Loch Arkaig, ii. 137 ;
in Hampshire (1866), 347
Hyde Park riot (1866), ii. 362
Hylton, Lord, ii. 53, 68

TBBOTSON, Captain, i. 161
-L Ibrahim Pasha, i. 126, 127
Illegible writing of some Ministers,
i. 318
Income tax, i. 204, 210, 271, 283 ;
abortive demonstration against,
218; reduction of (1857), U. 60
India BiU (1853), the, i. 404
Indian Government Bill (1858), ii.
121, 124, 127 sq.
Indian Mutiny (1857), ii. 73, 75,
80 sqq.
Infernal machine, one on show, ii.
145
' Influence,' the, at Madrid, i. 200
Inkerman, battle of, i. 444 ; the
Russian loss at, 447
Innspruck, description of the
women of, i. 177 ; a letter of
Lord Fitzharris's found at, 178
Insurrections of 1848, the, i.
207 sqq.
Inverness, Duchess of, i. 76
Ionian Islands, cession of, to
Greece, ii. 289
Irby, Mr., i. 58
Ireland, the abortive rebellion
(1848), i. 232 ; a Franchise BiU
(1850), 268 ; a Tenant Right
BiU, 362; state of, in 1869, ii.
399
Irish Church : the question in 1835,
i. 61 ; the Resolutions on (1868),
ii. 384; Mr Gladstone's Bill,
391,400 sqq., 408
— Corporation BiU (1835), O'Con-
nell's failure in the debate
thereon, i. 73
— Poor Law BiU (1847), i. 193,
(1849) 251
— Registration Bill, Lord Stan
ley's, i. 116; Lord Morpeth's,
129

JUN
Ironclads (American), engage
ment between, ii. 270
Isle of Serpents (Danube) seized
by the Russians, ii. 49, 55
— of Skye, sport iu the, i. 53 ; the
crofters, 96
— of Wight, 3 sqq., 58
Ismail, the blowing-up of, ii. 49
Italian question, ii. 156 ; a Con
federation, with the Pope as its
bead, proposed, 198
Italy, visits to, i. 23 sqq., 177 sqq.
Ivrygoyen, the old Due de
Gramont's servant, 1. 47
Izzett Mahomet Pasha, appointed
Pasha of Egypt (1840), i. 126

JAMAICA BILL (1839), i. 100
Jamaica, insurrection in, ii.
343
Jarnao, M. de, i. 215
Jaucourt, Count de, ii. 76, 115,
190
Jefferson Davis, Mr,, ii. 339
Jellachich, Ban of Qroatia, i. 235,
246
Jellalabad, held by Sir R. Sale, i.
141
' Jem Macdonald,' i. 432, 446
Jenks, Dr., mentioned, i. 22
Jersey, political refugees in, i.
346
— Lady, i. 19, 161, 224, 308, 315,
366, 395, ii. 144, 233; her
death, 368
— Lord, i. 308, 315 ; his death, ii.
208
Jewish Disabilities Bill, i. 207,
209, 230, 283, 398 ; ii. 110, 126
Jocelyn, Lady, i. 280; ii. 391
— Lord, i. 233, 368, 416
Johnstone, General (Confederate)
ii. 303
Joinville, Prince de, i. 154
Josefstadt, battle of, ii. 369
Juarez, ii. 274 ; French defeated
by, 336, 338
Junior Conservative Club, ii. 302

INDEX.

4:]7

KAR
T7"ARRAK, island of (l^ersian
l»- Gulf), occupation of, ii, ,"iO
Kars, the fall of, u. 31, 40
Keate, Dr., Master of Eton, men
tioned, i. 16
Keilmansegge, Count (Hanoverian
Minister), ii. 105, 176, 292
Kellett, Captain, i. 406
Kelly, Sir Fitzroy, u. 351
Kent, Duchess of, i. 113, 346, ii.
116
— Duke of, i. 95
— Miss Constance, case of, ii.
337 sq.
Kertch, capture of, ii. 25
Kessner, Baron, i, 188
Khoord Cabul Pass, the calamity
at (1842), i. 140
Kinglake, Mr., ii. 110, 218, 356;
letter from, 220 ; his ' History
of the Crimean War,' 291
Kingscote, Mr., u. 287
Kimberley, Lord, Privy Seal
(1868), ii 388
Kinnaird, Lord, visit to, at Fealar
in Athol, i. 53
Kisseleff, M., i. 371 ; his account
of the couj) d'etat of Dec. 2, 395
Kuightley, Sir Charles, i. 285
Knowsley, visits to, i. 42, 161, 236,
287, 414
Knox, Mr., Editor of the ' Morn
ing Herald,' i. 254, 286, 299
Koniggratz (or Sadowa), battle of,
ii. 359, 361
Korsakoff, Madame, mot on her
dress, ii. 348
Kossuth, i. 252, 287 n,, 297, 346
Kung, Prince, ii. 244

LABLACHE, i. 251
Laird, Mr. : case of the two
vessels built by him for the
Confederates, ii. 306
La Marmora, General, ii. 62
Lamartine, Madame, i. 230
— M., i. 217, 229 ; his mot on the
procession of laundresses, i. 223

l.amoricifire, (i(uieral, i. 2:il, 289,
293; as ra.pal (ieiieral, ii. 233,
235
Lancelotti, Princess, i. 183
Landseer, Sir E., ii. 410 ; his por
traits of Lady Fitzharris (1832),
i. 54, 88 ; quarrel with Mrs.
Norton, 266
Langiewicz, the I'olish Dictator,
u. 295
Lansdowne, Lady, i. 282
— Lord, i. 17, 62, 130, 241, 275,
311, 375, 378, 4f6, 418, ii. 13;
letter from, i. 311; his death,
u. 353
Latour, Count, murder of, i, 235
Lauiiston, Colonel, i. 290
Lawrence, Mr. (American Minister,
1851), his wife's mot about him,
i. 282
— Sir .Tohn, n. 179
Layard, Mr., u. 26, 30; Under-
Secretary for Foreign Affairs
(1861), 257
Ledru RoUin, M., i. 219, 229, ii.
13
Lee, General (Confederate), ii.
278, 301, 303, 336
Leeke, Admiral Sir Henry, ii. 56
Leflo, General, i. 293
Lennox, Lady Augusta, her mar
riage, i. 288 ; receives the cour
tesy title of Princess, 321
— Lord Henry, i. 412 ; U. 158
L§on, Count, intended duel of
with Prince Louis Napoleon, i.
112
Leon, Don Diego, i. 137
Leopold, King of the Belgians, i.
350
Les Baux, visit to, ii. 323 sq.
Lesseps, M. de, i. 249
Leuzen, Baroness, i. 102
LevSe, amusing scene at a, ii. 236
Lever, Mr. Charles, ii. 291
Lewis, Sir G. C, ii. 93; Home
Secretary (1859), 191 ; War
Secretary (1861), 257
' Liberating Greek Army,' the, i. 24

438

INDEX.

Lie
Lichfield, Lady, i. 182
LiddeU, Mr., i. 58
Lieven, Princesse de, i. 78, 89, 332,
337, 415, 448, u. 39 ; her death,
56
Life Guards, scene at their depar
ture for the campaign of 1816,
i. 4
Life Peerages question, the, ii.
41, 43; BiU (1869), 393, 400,
402
Lincoln, Lord, i. 316
— President, assassination of, ii.
337
Lisbon, insurrection at (1840), i.
122
Lissa, naval battle of, ii. 363
Littlecote, scene of a story in
' Rokeby,' i. 138
Littler, Sir John, i. 168
Local history records preserved in
France, ii. 284
Loch Arkaig, description of, i.
151
Locke-King, Mr. (lOZ. county
franchise), ii. 249
Locke, Mrs., i. 88
Loftus, Lady Augustus, ii. 353
— Lord Augustus, ii. 110
Lola Montes, account of, i. 208
Lombardy, revolution in (1848), i.
223 ; annexed to Sardinia, ii.
199
Londesborough, Lady, her mar
riage to Lord Otho Fitzgerald,
u. 243 n.
Londonderry, Lady, ii. 160 ; mis
hap with her dress, i. 284
— Lord, i. 284
Lonsdale, Lord, i. 316; letter from,
419
Lords, House of, and the Reform
BiU of 1832, i. 37 ; Municipal
Reform Bill (1836), 69
Loughborough, Lord, ii. 76
Louis Philippe, attempts to assas
sinate him (1835), i 68, (1846),
171 ; another plot against his
Ufe (1837), 73; visit to Windsor,

MAG
155 ; abdication and dethrone
ment, 212; arrival iu England,
217
Louis XV. : his favourite dish, i. 47
Lovaine, Lord, Vice-President of
the Council, ii. 168
Love, Captain, master of late Lord
Malmesbury's oflBcial yacht, the
' Medina,' i. 5
— General, i. 346
Lowe, Mr., ii. 349, 366 ; Chancel
lor of the Exchequer (1868),
388
— Mrs., ii. 366
Lucan, Lord, i. 444 ; ii. 24, 125
Lucera, infamous proclamation at,
ii. 268 sq.
Lucknow, Havelock's advance on,
u. 81 ; the reUef of, 85, 89, 91,
112
Lushington, Mrs. (Mrs. Carnac),
i. 114
Luxemburg question, between
France and Prussia, ii. 369, 371
Lyndhurst, Lord, ii. 23, 42, 263 ;
his portrait painted by Count
d'Orsay, i. 19 ; a great speech
by, when eighty-eight years old,
u. 228
Lyons, Admiral, i. 439 ; ii. 40
— Admiral Lord, i. ] 5
— Lord, ii. 152, 266
— Mr., ii. 107
— visit to, ii. 270 sq.
Lyster, Colonel, i. 60

MACCLESFIELD, Lady, ii. 309
MacDonald, Norman, i. 280
MacMahon, General, ii. 129
MacNaghten, Lieutenant-General,
murder of, i. 140
Macdonald, Lord, i. 63, 65, 96
Madiai affair, the, i. 353
Madrid, insurrection at (1840), i.
122, 137 ; the Court of (1847),
202 ; description of the country
around, 203
Magdala, fall of, ii. 380

INDEX.

439

MAG
Magennis, Sir Artluir, i. 31-1, 323,
329, ii. 196
Magenta, battle of, ii. 185
Magnan, Marshal, i. 393
Malmesbury, Countess of (Laily
Emma Tankerville), mentioned,
i. 35, 60, 77 sqq., 89, 91, 219,
227, 282, 304, 321, 325, 334, 340,
345, ,355, 404, 415, 436, 437,
ii 12, 19, 93, 99, 121, 134, 140,
163, 178, 226, 279, 328, 336, 357,
374, 392, 411; the epitaph on
her monument, i 35 ; her courage
in a serious accident, 62; dan
gerous Ulness, ii. 366
Malmesbury, (First) Earl of:
Heron Court bequeathed to him
by his uncle (Mr. Hooper), i.
6 ; married a daughter of Sir
A. Amyaud, ib. ; visits the
author and his brother at school
(at Wimborne), 13 ; his death,
17 ; his ' Diplomatic Journal
and Correspondence ' published
by the author, 41, 319
Malmesbury, (Second) Earl of : ap
pointed Under-Secretary to the
Foreign Office on the same day
as the author was born, i. 2 ;
his pohtical principles, 2, 12 ;
Governor of the Isle of Wight,
3 ; his ofllcial yacht, the ' Me
dina,' 4 ; his long sorrow for the
loss of his wife, 11 ; kept an
exact journal of his sport for
forty years, ib. ; opposed the
Reform BiU (1832), 12; his
death, 136 ; discovery by the
author of a letter of his at
Innspruck, 178
Malmesbury, (Third) Earl of : his
birth, i. 2 ; incidents of his
childhood, 2 sqq. ; at Richmond
House, 4 ; anecdote about the
' Medina ' (his father's yacht),
5 ; at Heron Court, 6 ; rencontre
with smugglers, 7 ; death of his
mother, 11 ; at school at Wim
borne, 12; persecuted by his

MAL
schoolfellows as tlin ,siiii of a
'vulpeoidc,' 13; cnt,hu.sia.sui for
collecting fossils, 14 ; at Eton,
15; fag to Trench (hrolher of
the present Archbishop of Dub
lin), 16; meets Tom Moore at
Bowood, 17 ; at Oriel College,
Oxford, 18 ; meets Prince Louis
Napoleon, 19 ; incidents of a
visit to the Continent, 20 sqq. ;
accideutally receives a dangerous
wound, 21 ; at Florence, 23 ;
social life in Rome, 24 ; sport
under difficulties, 25 ; meets the
Countess Guiccioli, 26 ; King
Bomba indirectly saves his life,
27 ; iu a storm in the Mediter
ranean, 28 ; arrested by Nea
politan police, 29 ; a swim in
the Bay of Baiae, ib. ; presented
at Court at Naples, 30 ; aids
Countess Guiccioli to escape
from Rome, 31 ; an Italian
family of sportsmen, ib. ; intro
duced to Queen Hortense and
Prince Louis Napoleon, 33 ;
return to England, 35 ; marries
Lady Emma TankervUle, 35 ;
visits Earl Grey (at Howick),
36 ; Reform BiU riot at Darling
ton, 37 ; cholera epidemic in
London, 39 ; agrarian riots in
Hampshire, ib. ; introduced to
Lord Stanley (afterwards four
teenth Earl of Derby), 40 ; first
takes a strong part in politics,
41 ; is appointed to the Foreign
Office, ib. ; publishes his grand
father's 'Diplomatic Journal and
Correspondence,' ib. ; reappoint
ed to the Foreign Office (1858),
ib. ; visits to Knowsley, 42 ; the
author's deep feeling for the
loss of Lord Derby, ib. ; travels
with his wife through France
and Italy, 45 sqq. ; a boat acci
dent on the Lake of Geneva,
52 ; pamphlet on the Basque
War, 75; invited to stand for

440

INDEX.

MAL
Portsmouth, 77 ; his butler, a
Paris mouoliard, 79 ; at the Ver-
saiUes fHes (1837), 80 ; failure
at Portsmouth election, 82 ;
shoots wild swans in the Avon,
87 ; portrait of Lady Fitzharris
painted by Landseer, 88 ; in
Paris, 88 sqq. ; at Queen Vic
toria's coronation, 95 ; at Lord
Eglinton's Grand Tournament,
106 ; candidate for Wilton, 133 ;
death of his father, 136; in a
quadrille at a State Ball, 141 ;
visit to Prince Louis Napoleon
at Ham, 157 sqq. ; at a ' powder
baU,' 160; attacked by Mr.
Sidney Herbert for leaving Peel,
169 ; meets Louis Napoleon in
Loudon, 173, 217; visit to
Germany and Italy, 175 sqq, ;
Lola Montes, 208 ; on diplomatic
relations with Rome, 209 ; de
ficit of rents (1849), 239 ; inter
views v/ith the Prince President
(Louis Napoleon), 243, 259;
Protectionist movement, 257,
266 ; Lord Stanley's attempt to
form a Government (1851), 277
sqq. ; Foreign Secretary (1852),
305 sqq. ; letters from : to Lord
Westmoreland, 313, 327, 329,
338 ; to Sir Stratford Canning,
314; to Lord Cowley, 315, 321,
323, 328, 337, 370, 373, 376, ii.
93, 98 sqq,, 106, 109 sqq., 118,
126, 128, 134, 138 sqq., 142, 145
sqq,, 149, 151, 153, 155 sqq.,
162, 164, 167, 169, 171, 176,
180, 190 sq. ; to Lord Bloom
field, i. 321, 332, 334; to Mr.
Crampton, i. 323 ; to Sir Ham
ilton Seymour, 324, 367 ; to
Hon. Charles Murray, 326; to
Hon. P. C. Scarlett, 327, 331,
339 ; to Lieut.-Col. Rose, 330 ; to
Sir James Hudson, 338 ; to Mr.
Buchanan, 340 ; to Sir H. Bul
wer, .341, 342; to Lord Derby,
i. 348, 355, ii. 15, 215; to the

MAL
Queen, 372 ; to Emperor Na
poleon, 384 ; to Lord Stanley,
ii. 34 ; to Lord Canning, ii. 117 ;
to Count Walewski, ii. 130 ; to
Count Persigny, ii. 305 ; at Bal
moral, i. 345 ; the question of
Napoleon's title, 361 ; national
defences, 368 ; praised by Lord
Derby, 377 ; resignation, 378 ;
interview with Emperor Napo
leon, 387 ; the Turkish difficulty,
400; at a Palais Royal tooth-
drawer's, 410 ; at Fontainebleau,
411; the .attacks on Prince
Albert, 421 sq. ; quarrel with
Lord Aberdeen, 426 ; Lord
Derby's refusal to undertake
the Government, ii. 7; presented
to Victor Emanuel, 38; Life
Peerage question, 41 ; Madame
Ristori, 48 ; claims in the New
Forest, 65 ; one of a ' Happy
Family,' 67 ; a drawing-room
story, 80 ; the Refugee BiU, 94 ;
Foreign Secretary, 97 ; the ' Cag
liari' affair, 105, 123; written
down by the ' Post,' 107 ; Jewish
Disabilities Bill, 126 ; visit to
Mr. Rarey's establishment, 128
with the Queen to Berlin, 129
the war in Lombardy, 148 sqq.
Reform BUI, 160, 162; a sup
pressed despatch, 177 n., 205
resignation, 187; a Blue-book
published too late, 189 ; how
peace was brought about (1859),
201 ; interviews with Emperor
Napoleon, 202, 260 ; visit to
Brittany, 249 ; Dijon and Lyons,
271; Auvergne, 279 ; Bordeaux,
295 ; Tours, 303 ; Aries, 323 ; a
rude receptiou by Mr. Disraeli,
327; Lord Privy Seal (1866),
368 ; Reform League riots, 362 ;
Disraeli's four franchises, 365 ;
Mr. Disraeli Premier, 378 ; visit
to Nancy, 385 ; resignation of
the Disraeli Cabinet, 387 ; re
signation of Leadership of the

INDEX.

441

MAH
Opposition in the Lords, 391 ;
speeches on the Life Peerages
BiU (1869), 393, 402
Mahmoud Pasha, i. 125
Mahon, Lord, i, 243, 430
Maidstone, Lord, his motion
against O'Connell, i. 87
Major, M. (a doctor in Napoleon's
army), attends the author during
an iUness, i 22
Malakoff, Due de (Marshal Pelis
sier), ii 126, 140, 147, 165;
French Ambassador to London
(1858), 109, 113 sqq.; enthusi
astic reception by the people,
115 ; anecdote of, 141 ; his affec
tion for Lord Raglan, 142; re-
caU, 178 ; his death, 325
— Duchesse de, ii. 140, 178
— Tower, the, attack on, ii. 27,
34
Malaret, M. de, ii. 179
'Male H femelle,' use of the ex
pression in French, ii. 335
Malt tax, in Mr. DisraeU's Budget
(1852), i. 360, 372
McCaskeU, General, i. 167
JlcCleUan, General (American),
ii. 278, 287
McClintock, Captain, ii. 252
McClure, Captain : the expedition
in search of Franklin, i. 406
' Manchester clique,' the, ii. 96
— Duchess of, ii. 99, 134, 138
— Duke of, ii. 134, 138
— political riots at (1842), i,
144
Manners, Lord John, i. 278, 428,
ii. 146, 21 8 ; President of the
Board of Works (1866), 358;
letters from, 367
Manning, Mr. and Mrs., the execu
tion of, i. 253
Manteuffel, M., i. 321, 334
Mauvers, Lord, i. 233
Marcelin, M., accidentally wounds
the author during a fencing
lesson, i. 21
March, Lord, ii. 168

MH.M
Mar Forest, i, 53
Mario (Count Candia), i. 46, 104,
251, 270, ii. 299
Maritime law, discussion in Par
liament on (1856), ii. 47
Marlborough, Duke of, ii. 273 ;
Colonial Secretary (1866), 367
iUarotto, General, i. 76
Alartinetti, Madame, mistress of
Napoleon I., i 89
Mary of Cambridge, Princess, i.
412 ; her marriage, ii. 355
Mather, Mr., i. 327, 331, 335, 338,
340
Mathew, Mr. G. B. : letter on
Mexican aeCairs (1864), ii 311
sqq.
Mathews, Charles, i. 54
Mathilde, Princesse, ii. 87, 226
Matuchewicz, Count, i. 53
Maun Singh, ii. 90
Maximilian, Emperor, ii. 338 ; his
execution, 371
Maxse, Captain, i. 441
Maxwell, Sir Stirling, ii. 379
Mayne, Mr. (chief of London
police ; afterwards Sir Richard),
i. 225, u. 294
Maynooth College, grant to. Lord
Aberdeen's Ministry defeated
thereon, i. 399
Mazzini, Signer, i. 250, 346, 385 ;
ii. 234
' Medina,' the. Lord Fitzharris's
official yacht, i. 3 sqq.
Mediterranean, a tremendous
storm in the, i. 27
Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt
(1840), i 123 sqq.
Melbourne, Lord, mentioned, i. 67,
100 sqi)., 130 ; his trial (Mrs.
Norton's case), 71 ; resignation
of his Ministry (1839), 100 ; de
feated by Sir R. Peel (1841),
132
Melcy, M. de, husband of Grisi,
his duel with Lord Castlereagh,
i. 94
Memorandum (secret) between

442

INDEX.

MEN
England and Russia regarding
the Holy Places, i. 402
Menagerie, the (Thirteenth) Earl
of Derby's, i. 287
Menschikoff, Prince, i. 383, 400,
448
Metternich, Prince, i. 215, 227;
flies from Vienna, 221
Meyerbeer's opera Le Prophete, i.
251
Mexican affairs in 1858, ii. 136;
in 1863-4, 311 sqq.
Mexico, French expedition to, ii.
274, 298
Michael, Grand Duke, i. 444
Middleton, Miss, the ' dame ' with
whom the author boarded at
Eton, i 16
Milan, entry of the French and
Italians into, ii. 186
Mills, Mr. F., i. 276
Milner Gibson, Mr., ii. 96 ; Poor
Law Board (1869), 191
Minto, Lord, i. 172, 222
Mirfes, M. (the banker), the affair
of, n. 248
Miresol, Count, i. 231
Mogador, occupation of, by the
French (1844), i. 153
Mol6, M., i. 291
Molesworth, Lady, ii. 108
— Sir W., i. 378
Moodkee, battle of, i 167
Moore, Tom, i. 17
Moncktou-MUnes, Mr., i. 227, ii.
251
' Monroe doctrine, the,' Emperor
Napoleon's views on, i. 389
Mont d'Or, visit to, ii. 279 sq.
Monteagle, Lord, ii. 228
MontebeUo, battle of, u. 182
— Duo de, i 216
Montemolin, Count, i. 175, 223
Montenegro, its relations with Tur
key, i. 383, u. 119
Montrose, Duchess of, i. 233
— Duke of, i. 233
Mcntijo, Mdlle. (afterwards Em
press of the French), i. 285

NAP
Montjoie, Madame de, i. 227
Moreira, M. (Brazilian Minister),
ii. 74
' Morning Chronicle,' the, i. 317 n.
' Morning Herald,' the, ii. 73
' Morning Post,' the. Lord Palmer
ston's paper, ii. 151
Morny, M. de (afterwards Due de),
i. 290, 300, U. 55; his death,
319
— Duchesse de, ii 282
Morpeth, Lord, i. 119, 129, 165;
his Irish Registration Bill, 129
Mortier, Marshal, killed by an in
fernal machine, i. 68 ; anecdote
of, 69
Moseley, Captain, nurses the author
during a serious iUness, i. 22;
his sad death, 23
Moustier, Marquis de, ii. 110
Municipal Reform (1836), i. 67, 69
Muntz, Mr., i. 109
Murray, Hon. Charles, i. 326
Museo at Madrid, the, i. 202
Musurus, M. (Turkish Ambassador),
ii. 372 ; sudden death of his
wife, 372
Mysterious creature of Loch Ar
kaig, the, ii. 82

"VTAAS, Lord, i. 283, 304 ; Secre-
^ tary for Ireland (1866), ii.
358
Nadard's monster balloon, ii. 306
Nana Sahib, ii. 79, 91
Nancy, visit to, ii. 386
Napier of Magdala, General Lord,
ii. 380
— Sir Charles, i. 241 ; in the
Baltic, 431 ; the futUe demon
stration before Cronstadt, 438 ;
his death, u. 238
Napoleon I. : his name a bugbear
in England at the time of the
author's birth, i. 3 ; his ashes re
moved from St. Helena to Paris,
128 ; his will given up to the
French Government, 363

INDEX.

443

NAP
Napoleon III. See Prince Louis
Napoleon
— Prince (Jerome), i. 412, u. 144;
his mai'riage with Princess Clo-
thUde, 148
Maples, King of (' Bomba '), in
directly saves the author's life,
i. 27 ; his Court, 30 ; was not
personaUy unpopular, ib. ; grants
the Sicilians a constitution, 207 ;
attacks on him by Lord Palmer
ston, 239; the 'Cagliari' case,
ii 105 sqq., 112 sqq,, 116, 123 ;
the case of Poerio, 132 sq, ; his
death, 182
 (Francis H,), u. 221 ; the
Garibaldian invasion, 228, 233 ;
at Gaeta, 235 ; charged with
atrocities, 240
— troublesome activity of the
police (1828), i. 28; then: ve
nality, 29 ; threatened bombard
ment by English and French
fleets, ii. 52 ; the ' Cagliari '
case, 106 sqq., 112 sqq., 116,
123 ; visits to, i 27, 184
Narvaez, SeSor, i 200, 285 ; his
moi on his death-bed, 285 n.
National Club, i 284
National defences (1860), ii. 214,
231
Naval uniforms in 1814, i. 3
Navigation BiU (1849), i. 241, 247,
248
Neale, Mr., bequeaths a large sum
to the Queen, i. 347
Needle-gun, Prussian, ii. 359
Negro melodies, Mr. Gladstone's
enthusiasm for, ii. 231
Neill, General, ii. 85
Nemours, Due de, i. 212, 216,
228
— Duchesse de, her death, ii. 86
Nessebode, Count, i. 365, 369, 429 ;
letter from, 380
Neufchatel, Prussia's rights over,
i. 316, n. 55
Nevil, Major (Gyulai's aide-de
camp), ii. 216

Newby Park (Lord Grantham's),
visits to, i. 18
Newcastle, Duke of, i. 280, 378,
409, 433, 435, 449, n. 1, 21, 37;
Secretary for War (1854), i 436;
Colonial Secretary (185!l), ii.
191
New Forest, dangerous ground for
hunting, i. 228 ; Commissioners,
u. 65
Newman, Mr. (now Cardinal),
anecdotes of, as tutor at Oriel
College, 18
Nice, ceded to France, ii. 199, 215,
220
Nicholas, Emperor (of Russia),
mentioned, i. 30, 328, 404, 406,
423, 425, 437, 448 ; in London,
149 ; his opinion of Louis
Napoleon, 369 ; his rage after
Inkermann, 448 ; his death, ii.
11
— Grand Duke, i. 444
Nicholson, General, ii. 85
Niel, General, i. 410, ii. 34
NoaiUes, Louis de, i. 173
Nolan, Captain, i. 444
Normanby, Lady, i. 193
— Lord, i. 23, 102, 172, 259 sqq.,
297, 302, n. 183, 215
Normanton, Lord, i. 58
Northbrook, Lord (Sir Francis
Baring), i. 276
Northcote, Sir S., u. 299; Presi
dent of Board of Trade (1866),
ii. 358 ; India Office, 367
Northumberland, Duchess of, i.
307
— Duke of, i. 58, 280, 347, 398 sq.
Norton, Mrs., mentioned, i. 53, 60,
169, 234, 266, ii. 24 ; aids Miss
Colquhoun Grant's elopement,
i. 66 ; anecdote of, 67 ; the Mel
bourne trial, 71 ; at Lady Minto's :
a party question, 74
Notable dress, a, at a Drawiug-
Room, ii. 181
Nott, General, i. 144
Nugent, Count, i. 229

444

INDEX.

OAT
OATHS BILL, ii. 74
Obrenovitch, Prince, ii. 180
O'Brien, Sir Lucius (Lord Inohi-
quin), i. 70
O'Connell, Daniel, flattering Lord
John Russell, i. 61 ; called out
by LordAlvauley, 64 ; his attack
on Mr. Disraeli, 65 ; on Mr.
Disraeli's speech on the Corn
Laws BiU (1846), 171
— Morgan, his duel with Lord
Alvanley, i. 65
O'Connor, Feargus : the Chartist
fiasco of 1848, i. 225
Odessa, bombardment of, i. 433
Odilou Barrot, i. 213, 291
' Officious ' and ' Official,' differ
ence between, in diplomatic
usage, i. 303 n.
Oldenburg, Duke of, i. 343
Olga, Grand Duchess, i. 404
Olozaga, Prime Minister of Spain,
i 148
Omar Pasha, i. 409, ii. 10
Opera, a row at the, in favour of
Tamburiui, i. 114
' Opportunism,' ii. 133
Oriel College, the author's life at,
i. 17 sq. ; his contemporaries
there who afterwards became
distinguished, 18
Orleans, Duchesse d', i. 143, 212,
216
— Duke of, i. 46 ; his marriage,
80 ; dreadful accident during
the wedding festivities, 81 ; at
ChantiUy, 93 ; his death, 143
Orloff, Count, i. 423, 437
Orsini's attempt to assassinate
Napoleon III., ii. 92
Ossulston, Lord, i. 54, 58, 100, 160,
175, 183, 265, 321, 333, n. 50,
66, 96, 196, 262 ; killed ' the
Great Stag of Gusach,' i. 199 ;
birth of his son, 267 ; beat Sir
G. Grey in Northumberland, 343 ;
Lord Steward (1867), ii. 372
Oudinot, General, i. 249
Ouseley, Sir Gore, ii. 74

PAL
Outram, General Sir James, ii. 83,
91, 122
Overstone, Lord, ii. 221
Oxford, Bishop of (S. Wilberforce),
n. 61, 408

PAGET, Lady, ii. 131
— Mr., ii 152
 Augustus, ii. 278
Pakington, Sir John, i. 278, 351,
U. 28, 74, 188 ; Secretary of the
Admiralty, 358; War Office,
367
Palermo, atrocities at, ii. 363
Palma, Cardinal, i, 236
Palmerston, Lady, i. 19, 150, 167,
419, 429 ; ii 13, 49, 67, 111, 168,
178, 186, 223, 226, 227, 240, 357;
letter from, ii. 334 ; her death,
410
— Lord, mentioned, i. 11, 59, 102,
120, 163, 175, 233, 259, 288, 292,
296, 363, 412, 433, 435, u. 3 sq.,
5, 9, 22, 32, 34, 43, 44, 52, 54, 57,
64, 96, 100, 111, 124, 144, 168,
185, 213, 224, 273; his policy
with respect to Spain, i. 71, 72,
76 ; his speech against the King
of Naples, 239 ; his action in the
Danish question (1849), 246;
favours Prince Louis Napoleon,
259, 293 ; his conduct on the
Greek queadon (1850), 261;
Radical speech in reference to
Kossuth, 287 ; the cause of his
dismissal from office (1851), 293,
298; his defence, 302; his
amendment on their Militia BiU
overthrows the Russell Ministry,
304 ; offered a seat in Lord
Derby's Ministry, 305, 307 ;
letter to the author, 308 ; his
courtesy to the author, 317 ; the
' Civis Romanus ' speech, 335 ;
his treatment of Brazil, 368 ;
Home Secretary in Lord Aber
deen's Ministry, 378 ; on Russia
and Turkey, 401 ; resignation

INDEX.

445

and speedy return to ofiice, 415,
418, 420 ; Prune Minister (1855),
ii. 7 ; attack on Mr. Gladstone,
25 ; on the Russians and the
Treaty of Paris, 49 ; results of
his aggressive foreign policy,
63 ; on the secret treaty with
Austria, 59 sq. ; beaten on the
China War question, 62 ; disso
lution of Parliament, 63 ; his
popularity, 64 ; the Danubian
Principalities, 78 ; the Refugee
Bill, 94 sqq. ; resignation, 96 ;
his unpunctuality, 108 ; recon
ciled with Lord John Russell,
120 ; his Schleswig treaty, 132 ;
Prime Minister : list of his
Ministry, 191 ; agrees to a SI.
franchise, 212 ; secret corre
spondence with Emperor Napo
leon, 223 ; the Paper Duty BiU,
230 ; rearrangement of his Ca
binet, 257 ; Ulness, 266, 318,
339 ; opposes the recognition of
the Confederates, 277 ; the
Stansfeld-Mazzini case, 320 ; the
Schleswig - Holstein question,
327 ; his death, 341
Panmure, Lord, ii. 91 ; War Minis
ter (1855), 7, 23 ; anecdote
of, 24 ; abuse of Lord Raglan,
31
Papal States invaded by Sardinian
troops, ii. 233
Paraguay treaty, the, i. 400
Paris, Comte de, i. 212
— dreadful cholera epidemic in
(1831-2), i. 39; social Ufe in,
46 sqq. ; visits to, 46, 78, 88, 99,
243, 387 sqq., 410, 431, ii. 13,
37, 250, 272; insurrection at
(1840), i. 122, 211 ; abdication
of Louis Philippe, 212 ; after
the insurrection, 220, 222, 229,
231 ; the conp d'etat of Dec. 2,
1851, 289 sqq. ; the numbers of
killed and wounded in the dis
turbances, 298 ; improvements
wrought by Napoleon III., 393 ;

PEE
Great Exhibition (1865), ii. 338 ;
Emperor Alexiinder shot at, 371
' I'arisina,' tableaux from, i. 88
Parker, Mr. Montague, mentioned,
i. 18, 19, 25, 63, 83, 161 ; re
turned for Devon against Lord
John RusseU, 66
Parma, Duke of, i. 351 ; assassina
tion of, 429
Parry, Mr, John, ii. 336, 340
Party statistics in 1852, i. 375
Passports one means of catching a
thief, i. 81 ; Austrian demands
regarding their contents, 385
Paul Veronese's picture, ' The
Tent of Darius,' difficulty with
Austria about, ii. 66
Peace with Russia, ii. 44; between
France and Austria, 198 ; with
China, 244
Peel, General, ii. 145, 156, 354 ;
Secretary for War (1866), 358 ;
resignation, 366
— Lady EmUy, ii. 61
— Sir Robert, mentioned, i. 58,
61 sqq., 67, 72, 87, 98 sq., 101,
106, 111, 113,131, 139, 145, 149,
159, 174, 199, 256, 402; diffi
culties of his Ministry (1835),
63 sq. ; his resignation, 63 ; on
the Municipal Reform BiU, 69 ;
his amendment on the Canada
BUI (1838), 86 ; speeches on the
Corn Laws (1839), 98, 113; the
question of the appointment of
the Queen's ladies, 102 ; on the
allowance to Prince Albert, 110
Prime Minister (1841), 136
his proposals on the Corn Laws,
139, 165, 169 sqq.; difficulties
of his Ministry, 174 ; his death,
264 ; curious injunction in his
wOl, 422
— Sir R. (son of the Prime Minis
ter), i. 281, ii 321, insulted by
Protectionist farmers, i 292 ; on
the annexation of Savoy and
Nice, ii. 218; Secretary for Ire
land (1861), 267

446

INDEX.

PEI
Pei-ho forts, the affair of the, ii.
207
Pekin, ii. 245
Pelham, Mr., i. 257
Pelissier, General, ii. 24, 34. See
also Malakoff, Due de
Pembroke, Lady, i. 70, 77, 97.
See also Ailesbury, Lady
— Lord, i. 77
Peninsular War, anecdote of an
English officer's coolness in the,
i. 34
Pennefather, Miss, her marriage,
ii. 391
Penny Postage Bill passed (1839),
i. 105
Persano, Admiral, ii. 363
Persian War (1867), ii. 66, 60, 77
Persico, Countess, ii. 61
Persigny, M. de, mentioned, i. 106,
120, 290, 315, 389, n. 26, 63,
76, 93, 98, 100, 106, 136, 144,
198, 212, 223 sqq., 304, 311;
letter from, on the relations of
France and England after
Dec. 2, 1851, i. 294 ; bluster about
war, 332 ; his marriage, 336,
410 ; his views on the Crimean
War, ii. 14 ; devoted to Lord
Palmerston, 102 ; resignation,
109 ; intrigues with Lord Pal
merston, 151 ; reappointed to
London, 181 ; his account of
the Peace with Austria, 200 ;
quarrel with Lady Palmerston,
226; recalled, 240; Murfes, the
banker's, case, 248
— Madame de, n. 75, 105, 108,
110, 136, 143, 185, 2.55; riddle
proposed by, 44
Pet goose, Lord Byron's, i. 32
PhUlips, Mr., i. 299
Phipps, Sir Charles, i. 346, 351 ;
ii. 266
Picconi, the author's courier (1 828),
i 27
Piedmontese troops in Milan
(1848), i. 223
Pinetum, the, near Ravenna, i. 31

Pius IX., his escape from Rome,
i. 25, 237 ; threatens to excom
municate Victor Emanuel, ii,
198 ; invasion of his States, 240
Plantagenet statues in Fonte
vrault Abbey, ii. 304 sq.
Plougastel, Abbey of, ii. 341
Poerio, Baron, ii. 133, 160
Poland, supposed designs of Napo
leon III. upon, ii. 36 ; debate
on the state of (1862), 269 ; in
surrection in (1§63), 291, 293,
295
Polignac, Jules de, and Charles X.,
i. 70 ; his death, 192
Pollock, General, relief of Sir R.
Sale by, i. 143 ; defeat of Akhbar
Khan and occupation of Cabul
by, 144
Ponsonby, Lord, ii. 1
Pope, the, and the British Catho
lics, i. 207
Popham, General (descendant of
Judge Popham), i. 138
Portrait Gallery at South Ken
sington, ii. 351
Portugal, EngUsh intervention in,
i. 194
Potato crop, failure of, in Ireland
(1845), i 160
Poulett Thompson, Mr., men
tioned, i, 61, 67, 95, 96, 99, 129 ;
appointed Governor of Canada,
106; letter from, 134; his death,
135 n.
' Powder ball' at Buckingham
Palace, i. 160
Power, Mr. (the sculptor), i. 180
Powerscourt, Lady, i. 165
Powles, Mr., i. 395
Pozzo di Borgo, Russian Ambassa
dor at the Tuileries (1837),
i. 77, 101
Prague, Peace of (1866), ii. 363
Praslin, Due de, suicide of, i. 197
-- Duchesse de, murder of, i. 194
' Press, The,' Mr. Disraeli's paper,
n. 45, 62
Prince Louis Napoleon (Napoleon

INDEX.

447

IIL), i. 19, 23, 2.-., 239 ; the
author introduced to (at Rome,
1829), 33 ; description of him,
ib. ; took part in Lord Eglin
ton's Grand Tournament, 106 ;
intended duel with Count L6on
frustrated, 112; bis mad .at
tempt at Boulogne, 121 ; a pri
soner at Ham, 158; his escape
to England, 173 ; visit to Paris,
after the insurrection (1848),
217 ; acts as special constable
in London, 225 ; proclaimed
President of the French Re
public, 237 ; interviews of the
author with him, 244, 246, 259,
387, 413, ii 16, 37, 66, 202,
250, 413 ; Ministerial difficulties,
i. 268 sq. ; relations with Kossuth,
287 n. ; the events of Dec. 2,
289 ; elected President for ten
years, 297 ; letters to the author,
307, 383 ; political events of
his Presidency, 310 sqq. ; the
Orleans decrees, 336 ; the ' Em
pire ' question, 337 sq.; English
apprehensions of war with
France, 350 sqq. ; recognition
of 'Napoleon III.' by England,
372 ; proposal for the hand of
Princess Adelaide of Hohenlohe,
374, 376 ; the question of the
Holy Places, 375 ; his civil list,
379 ; the Empress Eugenie, 387 ;
on the political Questions of the
day (1863), 389 sqq. ; the Russo-
Turkish question, 413 ; Conven
tion with England against
Russia, 432 ; proposes to go to
the Crimea, ii. 10 ; visits to
England, 13, 18 sqq., 77; reasons
for another campaign in the
Crimea, 16 ; attempt to assassi
nate him, 21 ; objects to the
Vienna Peace proposals, 32 ;
supposed designs upon Poland,
36 ; birth of his son, 44 ; opinion
of Mr. Disraeli, 66 ; the Danu
bian Principalities, 78 sq. ; dis-

rnu
regard of all oonrcnanoes at his
Court, 87; attempt, to assassi
nate him, 92 ; French irritation
against England, 94; tension of
relations with England, 97 ;
Itafian designs against Austria,
147 sqq. ; irritated against Lord
Malmesbury, 152 ; letter to
Queen Victoria, 156; Carbonari
threats, 148, 157, 100; joins
Italy against Austria, 174 ; with
the troops in Lombardy, 181
sqq. ; an armistice, 197 ; peace,
198 ; his opinion of Lord Derby's
Ministry, 201 sq. ; on the his
tory and results of the Lombard
War, 204 ; attachment to the
English alliance, 210; secret
correspondence with Palmer
ston, 222; his offer to Mr.
Whitworth, 226; alleged de
signs on Switzerland, ib. ; Sar
dinia and the Papal States, 234 ;
case of Mir^s, the banker, 248 ;
supports England in the ' Trent'
affair, 264 n. ; wishes to recog
nise the Confederates; 277, 281;
the 'Life of Julius Caasar,' 281 ;
spiritualism, 282 ; his mediation
refused by America, 293 ; in
vites a Congress on European
affairs, 307 ; goes to Algiers,
338 ; summary ot the events of
his career in 1869, 1870, 1871,
412 sqq.
Prince Royal of Belgium, death
of, ii. 390
Princess Royal (of England), mar
riage of, ii. 72, 94
Priory Church (Christchurch) : its
ancient wood screen, ii. 346
Prominciamiento in Spain (General
Prim's), ii 346
Protection, i. 164, 172
Protectionist party headed by Lord
Stanley (Eari of Derby), i. 170
Proxies in the House of Lords, ii.
371, 372 n.
Prussia : ill-feeling towards Eng-

448

INDEX.

PEU
laud (1864), i. 428, 437; its
position during the Austro-
French War (in Lombardy), ii.
165, 176 sq., 182, 196, 203 ; re
lations with Austria (1866), 350,
353 ; war begun, 356
Prussia, Prince Regent of (after
wards King of Prussia and
German Emperor), ii. 229 ; iu
London, 1. 223; difficulty be
tween him and his Parliament,
ii. 291 ; in Paris, 371
Pusey, Dr., n. 337
Puy-de-D6me, visit to, ii. 279

Q HARTLEY, Dr. (of Christ
church) : his adventure with
smugglers, i. 8 ; how his fee was
paid, 9
Queen Caroline: Eton boj'S favoured
the side of George IV. in con
nection with her trial, i. 16
— Christina (of Spain), i. 30 ; her
abdication, 126
— Hortense (mother of Napoleon
III.), mentioned, i. 23, 25 ; the
author introduced to her, 33 ;
Morny her natural son, 280
— IsabeUa (of Spain), i. 148, 192,
200 sq. ; Louis Philippe's ar
rangement of her marriage,
175 ; her character and personal
appearance, 201
¦ — of Portugal, in England, ii. 116
— of the Netherlands, in London,
ii. 340; letter from, 370; her
skill in politics, 370 n.
— Victoria, her first Speech to
Parliament, i. 83 ; her corona
tion, 95 ; her difficulty with Sir
R. Peel, 101 ; her Speech an
nouncing her intended marriage,
106 ; her wedding, 112 ; at
tempts on her life (1840), 118,
142, (1850) 264 ; the loss of her
keys, 167 ; her skill in dancing,
160; the dismissal of Lord
Palmerston, 301 ; a visit to

EAI
Balmoral, 345; Mr. Neale's
legacy, 347 ; anxious about the
national defences, 359 ; Napo
leon IIL's title, 363, 373; ob
jects to Lord Canning as Foreign
Minister, 375 ; on Napoleon IIL's
proposal for her niece, 379 ; the
naval review at Spithead, 426 ;
announces the alliance with
Turkey against Russia, 429 ;
visited by the Emperor and Em
press of the French (1856), u.
18 sqq., (1857) 77 ; the wounded
men from the Crimea, 24 ; Life
Peerages, 43 ; at Aldershot, 48 ;
reception of the Due de Malakoff,
1 13 sqq. ; on the Indian army,
154 ; letter from Napoleon IH,,
157; refused her assent to the
terms of peace suggested by
France to Austria, 201 ; review
of Volunteers (1860), 230 ; death
of Prince Albert, 265 ; the
proposal to make Prince Alfred
King of Greece, 287 ; on the
Danish question, 308, 316; at
the opening of Parliament
(1866), 346; lays foundation
stone of the Albert Hall, 370 ;
receptiou of the Sultan, 373
Quezals (Mexican birds), ii. 31 1
Quin, Dr. : his remedy for cholera
(spirits of wine), i. 39

EACHEL, Madame (the French
actress), i. 132, 266
Radetzky, Marshal, i. 223, 226,
232, 240
Radical mob at the Home Office,
ii. 375
Rae, Dr. : his account of the fate
of Sir John Franklin, i. 441
Raglan, Lord, i. 265, 424, 439, 441,
447, ii. 17; anecdotes of, i. 77,
265 ; letter from, 445 ; his
death, n. 28
Raikes, Mr., i. 90 ; bis Memoirs,
ii. 86

INDEX.

449

Kailw.ay speculations (18 i7), i.
199
Ranelagh, Lord, threatened with
an indictment for joining the
Carlist army, i. 73 ; letter from.
ii. 276
Raphael, a painting by, i. 1 90
Rarey, Mr. (the horse-tamer), ii.
128
Ravenna, a visit to Count Gamba's
house at, i. 31
' Reactionist brigands ' (Naples),
u. 256
' Rebecca' riots in Wales, i. 145
Redan, the, attack on, ii. 27, 34
Redesdale, Lord, i. 270, ii. 23
Reform Bills : 1831, rejected by the
Lords, i. 37 ; riots iu conse
quence, 38 sqq. ; 1 852 (Lord
John RusseU's Bill), 301, 303 ;
1853-4 (Lord Aberdeen's), 416,
425, 434 ; 1858, ii. 145, 152, 155 ;
1860 (Palmerston's), 226 sqq. ;
1866 (Gladstone's), 349 ; 1867
(Disraeli's), 365 sqq.
Refugee question, ii. 100
Reschid Pasha, i. 405
Revolutionary spirit in Italy
(1828), the, i. 23
Rhine, the, visits to, i. 20, 176
sqq.
Rhenish provinces, French designs
on, ii. 229
Rheumatic fever : opposite me
thods of treating it, i. 258
Rhone, the scenery on its banks, i.
48
Richards, Miss, i. 76, 261
RicheUeu, Due de, ii. 77, 262, 359 ;
his Tnot on M. de Bonneval, i. 88
Richmond (America), battle of, ii.
275
— Duke of, i. 41, 169 ; President
of Board of Trade (1866), u.
367
Ripon, Lord, i. 136 ; Under-Secre
tary for War (1861), u. 287
Ristori, Madame (the actress), ii.
48, 126
VOL. II.

RUS
Rive. .M. de la, n. 225
Roebuck, Mr., i. 268, 276, 283, 286,
ii. 2, 28, 32, 76 ; his motion for
tho abolition of the Lord-Lieu
tenancy of Ireland, 110
Rogers, Samuel, anecdote of, i. 72
Rohan, Cardinal de, the arrest of,
by the Duo de Gramont, i. 47
Romagna, a visit to (1829), i. 31 ;
invaded by Sardinian troops, ii.
233
Rome, visits to, i, 24, 182, 186 ; an
inundation at, 182 ; disturbances
in (1848), 229 ; revolution, 236 ;
Republic proclaimed, 239
Rope railway at Li6ge, i, 175
Rothschild, Mr. Anthony, i. 230
 Lionel, i. 230
Rose, Colonel (Lord Strathnaim),
i. 330, 387, 428, ii. 85
— Mr. Philip (Mr. Disraeli's legal
adviser), ii. 347
— Sir George, i. 134
Rossi, Count (Prime Minister at
Rome), murder of, i. 236
Rosenkranz, General (American),
u. 303
Rouget, General ; his enormous
weight, i. 21
Rouher, M. u. 353, 355
Rumigny, General, i. 218
Russell, Dr. (war correspondent),
ii. 259
— Lady William, on the recon-
cUiation of Lord Palmerston and
Lord John Russell, ii. 120
— Lord Cosmo : story of a novel
honeymoon trip, i. 435
— Lord John, mentioned, i. 61 sqq.,
69, 87, 100, 103, 108, 131, 133,
162, 172, 210, 273, 280, 297, 340,
363, 368, 384, 401, 426, ii 16,
20, 39, 47, 116, 161, 172, 182,
185, 213, 221, 298, 310, 314, 317,
326, 384; Resolution on the
Irish Church, i. 61 ; defeated in
Devon, 66 ; his treatment of the
motion against O'Connell, 87;
unsuccessful attempt to form a
G G

450

INDEX.

EUS
Ministry (1845), 163; Prime
Minister (1846), 174; incidents
of his Ministry, 193, 194, 205,
207, 209, 218, 224, 232, 238, 240,
247 sqq., 251, 266, 258, 261 sq.,
270 sqq., 275, 277 ; quarrel with
the Queen, 293 ; dismissal of
Lord Palmerston, 301 ; his Re
form BiU (1852), 303 ; his Min
istry defeated, 304 ; Foreign
Secretary in the Aberdeen Min
istry, 378 ; the Vienna Note,
405 ; the Reform BiU of 1853,
420 ; President of the Council
(1854), 436 ; resignation, ii. 2 ;
fails in the attempt to form a
Ministry, 6 ; enters Lord Pal
merston's Cabinet as Minister
for the Colonies, 11 ; at the
Vienna Conference, 15 ; his dif
ferences with the Ministry, 29 ;
resignation, 31 ; thoroughly op
posed to the Derby Ministry,
100; relations with Lord Pal
merston, 111 ; a reconciliation
effected, 120 ; on the forty-shil
ling freeholders, 159 ; Foreign
Secretary, 191 ; on the affair of
the Peiho forts, 217 ; attack on
Emperor Napoleon, 223 ; Reform
BiU (1860), 228 ; contradictory
despatches, 237 ; becomes Earl
Russell, 257; Schleswig-Holstein
question, 285, 288 ; Prime Min
ister, 342 ; resignation, 357
RusseU, Lord William, the murder
of, i. 115
— • Mr. George, accident to, ii. 269
Russia : at war with Turkey (1853),
i. 408 sqq. ; evasions of the
Treaty of Paris, ii, 49, 53

SABOUROFF, Count, ii. 288,
325
Sadowa, battle of, ii. 359, 391
Salamanca, Senor, i. 200
Sale, Sir Robert, the Afghan
calamity (1842), i 140 ; in Lon

don with Lady Sale, 1 56 ; killed
in the Sikh war, 167
Salisbury, Lady, i. 132
— Lord, President of the Council
(1858), ii. 97
Saltoun, Lord, i. 138
Sandon, Lord (now Earl of Har-
rowby), i. 131
San Remo, i. 191
Santiago, dreadful fire in a church
at, ii. 316
Sardinia, King of (Charles Albert),
grants his subjects a Constitu
tion, i. 207 ; helps the Lombards
against Austria, 223 ; complete
defeat of, by Radetzky, 232 ;
abdication, 243
— King of (Victor Emanuel), ii.
148, 353 ; his coarseness, 37 ;
visit to England, 38 ; proclaimed
Dictator, 175 ; in the war in
Lombardy, 184 sq. ; in Naples
(1860), 236, 239 ; his courage,
237 n.
Sardinian troops in the Crimea, ii.
33,35
Savoy, ceded to France, ii. 199,
215, 220, 226
Saxe-Coburg, Duke of, i. 213, 216,
ii. 176 sq.
Saxe-Weimar, Prince Edward of,
i. 288, 321
— Princess Edward of, ii. 258 sq.
Saxony, King of, in London, i. 149
Scanty fancy-ball dress, a, ii. 226
Scarlett, Colonel, ii. 136
— Hon. P. C, i 327, 331, 335, 339
Sohamyl, the Circassian hero, i. 4,
38
Schleswig Holstein question
(1858), ii. 137; war, 308, 311,
314 sqq., 326 sq.
— Treaty (Palmerston's), ii. 132
Schwarzenberg, Prince, i. 311, 313,
320 ; his death, 325
Scotch Reform BiU (1868), ii.
382 sq.
Sebastiani, Madame, 1. 66, 91, 92
— Marshal, French Ambassador

INDE.X.

451

(1835) : his notions of fox-hunt
ing, i. 64 ; his mother's epigram
on his pomposity, 66 ; anecdote
of, 68; his recall, 111
Sebastopol, i. 439, 441 sq., ii. 17,
33 ; strength of the allied .armies
before it (1855), ii. 17 ; the
Committee of Inquiry, 27
' Secretary for the War Depart
ment' and ' Secret;u:y at \V;ii-,'
ii. 3
Security from Violence BiU
(against Garotting), ii. 295
Serrano, General, i. 193, 200
Servia, Prince of, murdered, ii.
383
SevUle, siege of, i. 146
Seward, Mr., u. 266
Seymour, Admiral, i 347, ii, 55,
74
— Lady, i. 154, 160, 169; in Lord
Eglinton's Grand Tournament,
105
— Lord,i. 136, 160, 398, ii. 21
— Su: HamUton, i. 324, 367, 403 ;
letters from, 380 sq.
Shaftesbury, Lady, ii. Ill, 320
— Lord, u. 160
Shaw-Lefevre, Mr. (Speaker of the
House of Commons, 1839), i. 103
Sheerness Dockyard : attempt to
set it on fire, i. 124
Sheridan, General (American), ii.
336
Shrewsbury, Lord, i. 147, 342
Sibthorp, Colonel, i. Ill, 268
Sicily, insurrection in (1848), i,
207 ; Garibaldi's invasion, ii.
227 sqq.
Sikh war, i. 167, 237, 245, 248
SiUstria, siege of, i. 436 sq.
Simplon, crossing the, by the then
new road, 23
Simpson, General, ii. 29, 34
Sinope, battle of, i. 417, 420, 422
'Six Hours Reform Bill,' the, ii.
366 n.
' Skedaddle,' a telegraph difficulty,
it. 287

Slidell and M.ason, Messrs. (Con
federate Commissioners), ii. 261,
266 sq.
.Slingsby, Sir Charles, death of, ii.
390
Smith, Mr. Vernon, ii. 90
— O'Brien, Mr,, i. 226, 232, 235
— Sir Hai-ry, i. 170, 193
Smithett, Caiilaiu, i. 214, ii. 18
Smugglers of the New Forest,
stories of the, i. 6 sqq.
Smythe, Mr., i. 117
Snuff-boxes, contretemjis in a pre
sentation of, ii. 133
Soames, Mr., u. 298
Sobraon, victory of, i. 170
Socialist refugees in Switzerland,
i. 331
Society in Paris, (1832) 46, (1837)
77, (1838) 88 ; in Rome (1828),
24, (1847), 187
Solferino, battle of, ii. 193
Soliman Pasha (Colonel Selves),
i 125
Somerset, Duke of, ii. 71 ; Firot
Lord of the Admiralty (1859),
191
— Major, i. 167
Sontag, Madame, i. 251
Sotheron Estcourt, Mr., Home Sec
retary (1859), ii. 158
Soult, Marshal, his appointment
as French Ambassador to Eng
land, i. 90; the pictures he
looted in Spain, 192
South American States, negotia
tions with, i. 323
Spanish Marriages question, the,
i. 175
Spencer, Lord, Lord- Lieutenant of
Ireland (1868), ii. 388
Sphinx, the, at the Egyptian Hall,
u. 344
Spitalfields ball, the, i. 232
Spithead, the great naval review
at, in 1814, i. 3
Spooner, Mr., i. 399
Spring Rice, Mr., i. 67, 75
St. Arnaud : his admiration of

452

INDEX.

STJ
Lord Raglan, i. 255 ; anecdote
of, 411 ; his death, 440 ; letter
of Napoleon III. to Madame
St. Amaud, 442
St. John, Mr. Ferdinand : his duel
with Count Coteroffiano, i. 61 ;
anecdote about his twin sons,
52
St. Leonards, Lord, ii. 41
St. Leu, Duchesse de. See Queen
Hortense
St. Maur, Lord Edward, death of,
ii. 346
Stafford, Lady, ii. 51
— Lord, ii. 51
— Mr., i. 398
' Stag of Gusach, the Great,' i. 199
Stamford, Lord, ii. 88
Stanhope, Lord, ii. 107, 372 n., 408 ;
his marriage, 391
Stanley, Edward (Lord Derby's
grandson), i. 156, 282
— Lady (Countess of Derby), i.
164
— Lord. See Derby, (Fourteenth)
Earl of
— Lord, afterwards (Fifteenth)
Earl of Derby, i. 287, 319, 404,
ii. 17, 34, 166, 310, 356 sq., 366,
411 ; his aim at popularity, ii.
73 ; Secretary for the Colonies
(1858), 99 ; opinions on Reform,
156 ; speech on the Reform BUI
of 1866, 351 ; Foreign Secretary
(1866), 358 ; letter from, 369
— Mr. (' Sir Benjamin Backbite '),
Whig Whip in 1851, i. 281, 285
— Mr. Sloane, i. 57
— of Alderley, Lord, i. 427
Stansfeld, Mr., ii. 273 ; his rela
tions with Mazzini, 319
State Ball at Buckingham Palace
(1842), i. 142
Stonewall Jackson, General, ii.
278 ; his death, 298
Stopford, Admiral, i. 438
Stradbroke, Lord, i. 281
Strafford, Lord (Sir John Byng),
i. 66

TAN
Strahan, Paul & Co.'s bank, failure
pf, u. 25, 28
Strangford, Lord : his marriage,
ii. 88
Stratford de Redcliffe, Lord, i.
278
Stratford, Lord, ii. 134 ; his boast
of having fomented the Russo-
Turkish war (1854), i. 425
Strathnairn, Field-Marshal Lord,
mentioned, i. 15
Strutt, Mr., i. 436
Stuart, Charles Edward, traditions
of, in the Highlands, i. 153
— de Rothesay, Lady, ii. 91, 166,
264 ; anecdote of, i. 273
— de Rothesay, Lord : his death, i.
161
Sturt, Mrs., i. 155
Sugar duties, the, i. 150
Sultan of Turkey in Paris, ii. 370 ;
in London, 372
Summer Palace at Pekin, plun
dered and burnt, ii. 244
Sunday Closing BiU (1863), ii.
298
Sussex, Duke of, i. 95
Sutherland, Dowager Duchess of,
ii. 320 ; her death, 386
— Duchess of, i. 381
Switzerland, a visit to, i. 20; a
specimen of Swiss avarice, 63 ;
its relations with Prussia (1862),
310 sqq., 323, 340, ii. 55 ;
policy of the Derby Ministry
thereon, i. 310
Sword-stick, a, trouble caused by,
in Naples, i. 29
Sydenham, Lord. See Poulett
Thompson
Sydney, Lord, Lord Chamberlain
(1868), n. 388

TALBOT, Colonel, ii. 232
— General, i. 236
Talleyrand, Prince: his funeral,
i. 93
Tangier, bombardment of, i. 153

INDEX.

453

TAN
Tankerville, Lady {nie De Gra
mont), i 19, 68, 227, ii. 99, 105,
158, 240; her death, 333
— Lord, i. 35, 38, 71 ; his politics,
i. 35 ; assaulted by a mob at
DarUngton (1831), 37; hisdeath,
n. 193
Tanzimat Law (Turkish), i. 314,
329 sq., 336
Taunton, Lord (Mr. Labouchere),
i, 276
Taxation, Mr. Disraeli's motion on
(1850), i. 258 ; taxes modified in
his first Budget, 372, 377 ; tax
on advertisements and news
papers : proposed repeal, 398
Taylor, Colonel, i. 97 ; amusing
mistaie of Mr. Disraeli in con
nection with, ii. 69
Tchernaya, battle of the, ii. 33
Tea duty, ii. 251
Teck, Prince : his marriage, ii. 355
Tegethoff, Admiral, ii. 363
Temple, Mr. (Lord Palmerston's
brother), i. 239
Tenants' Rights BiU (1865), ii. 30
Terceira, Duke of, i. 83
Thames, foul state of the (1858),
u. 126
Thesiger, Sir Frederick, i. 286
Thiers, M., mentioned, i. 125, 213,
269, 284, 289
Thouvenel, M. de; ii. 222, 283
Three Estates of the Realm, the,
u. 371
Thj-une, Lady Edward, ii. 222
— Lord E., part owner of the
' Gazington ' hounds (Oriel
College), i. 18
Titian, pictures by, i. 180 ; picture
of, by Sebastiano del Piombo,
191
Titiens, Mdlle., ii. 299
Tooley Street, the great fire in, ii.
264
Torella, Princess, i. 185
Tornado at Heron Court, i. 384
Torrington, Lord, i. 281, 284
Toulon, visit to, i. 48

TYR
Tour d'Auvergne, Prince de la,
French Ambassador to London,
u. 319
Tours, visit to, ii 303
Transylvania entered by the Rus
sians (1849), i. 248
Treaty : of Peace with Russia, ii.
44, 46 ; of Commerce with
France (I860), 219; of London
(on Luxemburg), 371
Trelawney, Sir J., u. 254
Trench, Mr. (brother of the Arch
bishop of Dublin), i. 16
'Trent,' the affair of the, ii. 261,
266
Trochu, General, ii. 186
Trollope : funny story of the origin
of the name, i. 234
Troubetskoi, Mile., ii. 55
Troubridge, Sir Thomas, ii. 24
Trout-fishing in France, ii. 270
Tuckett, Captain, i. 129
Tufnell, Mr., i. 109
Turgot, M., i. 297, 311, 320, 328,
336, 345
Turin, visit to, ii. 57
Turkey and Egypt, the relations
between, i. 105, 125
Turkey and Greece, relations of,
i. 430 sq., 436
Turkey and Russia (1853), i. 400
sqq., 405, 408 sq., 419 sqq.;
combined fleets in the Black
Sea, 423, 431 ; Russian proposals,
424 ; England joins Turkey, 429 ;
Convention with Austria, 437 ;
the Turks at Balaclava, 443
Turkish Loan (1865), ii. 32
Tuscany, Grand Duke of, i. 208,
ii. 175 ; state of the country,
i. 342
Twins, a bet about, before their
birth, i. 52
Tynemouth superstition, a, i. 287
Tyrol, a military funeral in the,
i 178
Tyrrell's Ford : why the Manor of
Avon paid an annual fine to the
Crown on its account, i. 7

454

INDEX.

V-

UHL
HLANS (Austrian), the, ii, 196
Urquhart, Mr., i. 283

YAILLANT, Marshal, i. 393, n.,
198
Van de Weyer, M., i. 309, 314,359 ;
on Lord Palmerston's unpunc
tuality, ii. 108
— Madame, i. 215, 284, 309
Vane, Lady, ii. 103
¦ — — Adelaide : her elopement,
i. 304
— Lord Harry (afterwards Duke
of Cleveland), i. 46, 121, 419,
425
Vaucluse, visit to, i. 49
Vegetarian, a, curious story of,
ii. 65
Venice, visit to, i. 179 ; proclaims
a republic, 223 ; position of, after
the war in Lombardy, ii. 200 ;
given up by Austria to France,
360 sq.
Vernon Smith, Mr., ii. 121, 125
Vesuvius, Mount, i. 29, 185
Viceroy of Egypt, in England, ib
' 276, 401
Vicksburg, surrender of, ii. 301
Vidil, Baron, charge against, ii.
256 sq.
Vienna, insurrections at (1848),
i. 221, 231, 235
— Conference, anecdote about, ii.
13 ; broken off, 20
Villafranca, the Peace of, U. 204
Villiers, Hon. H. C, the first to
agitate for Free-trade, i. 367 n.
— Lady Adela, i. 161
— — Clementina, ii. 144 ; her
death, 145
 Sarah (Princess Esterhazy),
i. 137
— Mr., i. 100, 117, 139
— Mrs. Augustus, ii. 87
Violent hurricane in the Black
Sea, i. 446
Vitzthum, Count, Saxon Minister,
ii 181, 254

WEL
Vladimir Davidoff, ii. 272
Volunteer movement, the, ii. 214,
230 sq.
Voutier, Colonel (of the ' Liberat
ing Greek Army '), i. 24
Vyner, Mr., ii. 390

WALES, Prince of, ii 143, 372;
visit to Canada, 239 ; his
marriage, 292 sqq.
— Princess of, ii. 278, 318; her
entry into London, 293 ; birth
of her first child, 309
Walewska, Madame, i. 434, u. 13,
15, 19, 22 sq., 87, 109, 144, 180,
251, 386 ; presentation by Eng
lish ladies to her, ii. 23
Walewski, Count, i. 46, 297 n.,
310, 320, 323, 369 sqq., 388, u.
11 sq., 56, 98, 100 sq., 104, 106,
109, 130, 149; a son of Napo
leon I., i. 46 ; on a mission to
Mehemet Ali, 123 ; account and
description of, 297 n. ; letter
from, 352 ; at the Duke of Wel
lington's funeral, 365 ; Minister
of Foreign Affairs, ii. 22 ; his
death, 386
Waldegrave, Lady, i. 263
Walker, Sir Baldwin, i. 398
Walpole, Lord, i. 183
— Mr., i. 278, ii. 273; Home
Secretary (1858), ii. 97 ; resig
nation, 152, 156 ; Home Secre
tary (1866), 368
Warburton, Mr., i. 113
Ward Hunt, Mr,, Chancellor of the
Exchequer (1868), ii. 379
Ward, Lord, i. 251, 430
Warsaw, conference of sovereigns
at, ii. 236
War taxation in Sardinia, ii. 183
' Waterfalls ' (the black satin cra
vats of George IV.'s Court), i. 24
Waterford, Lord, death of, ii. 166
Welby, Mr., part owner of the
' Gazington' hounds (Oriel Col
lege), i. 18

INDEX.'

455

WEL
WeUington, Duke of, i. 35, 40, 57,
69, 72, 101, 104, 106 sq., 110,
150, 166, 241, 314, 328, 402;
his portrait painted by Count
d'Orsay, 19 ; anecdote concern
ing him, 67 ; speech of, against
O'Connell, 99 ; on the Birming
ham riots, 104 ; on the Corn
Laws, 1 66 ; treatment of the
Chartists (1848), 224 ; his deaf
ness, 319 ; his death, 348 ; his
funeral, 365
— (Second) Duke of, u. 100 ; good
story about him, 246
Wensleydale Life Peerage ques
tion, ii. 42
Westminster, Lady, ii. 48, 294
— Legion in Spain, the, i. 71, 74
Westmoreland, Lord, i 311, 327,
329, 338, 385 ; his death, u. 209
WethereU, Sir Charles, i. 109
Whigs, the Old, their position in
1827, i. 36
Whish, General, i. 245
Whist, a difficulty at, not provided
for by Hoyle, i. 59
Whiteside, Mr., ii. 45 sq., 121
WUberforce, Samuel (Bishop of
Winchester), at Oriel, i. 18
Wild cattle at Chillingham, the, i.
1 8 ; daugerous adventure with, 55
Wild geese in the Papal States : a
shooting excursion under diffi
culties, i. 26
WUd swans on the Avon, i. 86
Wilkes Booth, assassin of Presi
dent Lincoln, ii. 337
William IV., i. 77 ; his death, 81
WilUams, General, ii. 40
WiUoughby d'Eresby, Lady : her
death, ii. 333
Wilson, Sir Alexander (the de
fender of Delhi), ii. 124
— Sir Archibald (who took Delhi),
ii. 124
Wilton, the author's visits at, as a

ZUR
boy, i. 17 ; his canvass of the
district, i. 133
Wiuchilsea, Lord, i. 173, 355, ii. 23
Windisehgriitz, Count, i. 235, ii.
360
A\'intcr Palace (St, Petersburg)
burnt down, i. 86
Wiseman, Cardinal, ii. 74
Wodehouse, Lord, i. 298, n. 159,
221
— Mr., ii. 257
Wolff, Rlr. (now Sir Henry), ii, 98,
287, 354, 386
Wood, Mr. Charles (afterwards
Viscount Halifax), i. 118, ii.
74 ; violent speech against Louis
Napoleon, i. 384, 395 ; Secre
tary for India (1859), ii 191
Woronzow, Count, i. 97
Worsley, Lord, i. 139
Wrottesley, Lord, ii. 195
— Mrs., i. 450
Wyndham, General, ii. 92
Wynn, Sir Watkin, anecdote of, i.
59 ; his house in Wales burnt
down, ii. 103
Wyse, Mr., i. 261
YACHT, Lord WUloughby
d'Eresby's, ii. 301
Yew-tree, the largest in England,
at Harlington, ii. 196
Yorke, Lady Mary, ii. 33
ZABALA, General, ii. 346
Zamoiska, Madame, ii. 269
Zichy, Count, i. 89
Zouaves, the, in the Crimea, i.
450 ; in the war in Lombardy,
u. 186; Papal, 374
Zumalaoarregui, the Carlist chief:
the Duke of Wellington's opinion
of him, i. 68
Zurich, treaty between France and
Austria signed at, ii. 209, 283

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