Wm$M

. i-i-v

¦¦" .; : | /; ¦ ., A'A ' ' :' ¦ '..'.¦¦ I ..

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATES

Gift of
JAMES T. BABB, Y '25

¥

IF T T V yyi.i.. i t> -

THE

VISITOR'S

A A i
^iticfe io £)ovei[,
ITS
JQIS^OI^Y AND flNipiQUl^IBS,
CLIMATE, RAMBLES, &c.

£rttenfg«four 3 ffuBf rations. <Btg0f QpfanB. &ix: $0ofo*
(gngrftutngB. «mb £n>o (JHaps.
New edition. One shilling.

h

DO}fKR:
ti;|.-K BRitTIUiKs, PRINTKWS, ty*! >KSELLKKS, 13< 'OK HI MOfRS, I'TC,
I AND 2, SNiW(iATK STKEET.

ESTABLISHED OVER 50 YEARS.

The D
PUBLIS

FROM THE LIBRARY
OF
THOMAS HARDY, O.M.
(MAX QATE

icle

FOR

2, KING STREET, DOVER.

Price 1d. ; Post Free, 6/8 a year; 7/8 per Quarter.

THIS is the most influential and, without exception, the
Largest Journal published in the District, and from its
wide and extensive distribution, offers Advertisers of every
class peculiar advantages afforded by no other paper in the
County. It is the great Military and Naval Authority of the
South -Eastern District, and circulates extensively amongst
the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry resident in the neighbour
hood, as well as amongst the Visitors of the various Watering
Places in Kent and Sussex. In addition to its Military, Naval,
and Fashionable Intelligence, will be found in its columns early,
full, and original Reports of all Local Events, the latest Mer
cantile, Shipping, Agricultural, and Market Intelligence, all the
General and Political News of the Week, and Visitors' List.
Post Office Orders and Cheques to be made payable to
Frederick Wicks.
PREPAID ADVERTISEMENTS— 20 Words for 6d., or Three Insertions
for One Shilling.

Every description of Printing Executed on the Premises.

PATRONISED BY

$«* %>0 %it\ma % $ti1« «f 4»»Miia|t.

WOODRUFF 5 Co.,
Watcfi * £foc& ma&ers
SIL7ERSMITHS, AND
practical ©pttcicms*

GliEGHl^O - ^LATB OJAI^BHOUSB.

A large and well-selected Stock in every Department, which
is constantly replenished with the Newest Designs.

2, NEW BRIDGE, DOVER.
A. 3

FAOIILY DRAPGRS, OlARKGT $QUARG,
$ILK mGR(JGR$, J % Dolphin Lane,
TAILORS. Dover.

Mantles, Millinery, {Dressmaking.
JHOSIEr^Y, SJHIF^TS, UJM0EF^3bOTJMIJM©.
©A^PBUIS AND FURNISHING DRAPERY.

HART & COMPANY,
WATERLOO HOUSE, MARKET SQUARE,

DOVER, for

OF EVEEY MAKE.

Sailor Suits, Straw Hats, Boating and Athletic Suits.
BEST AND CHEAPEST IN THE COUNTY.
HART & COMPANY,
THE DOVER FURNITURE STORES
193, SNARGATE STREET, DOVER,
For Every Description of UTTzriiiture.
WICKER BASKET CHAIRS, MAIL CARTS, PERAMBULATORS,
CURTAINS, BEDSTEADS, BEDDING, &c, &c.
Houses Furnished upon Hire. Large Variety in every Depaitment,
HART & COMPANY,
Z§t <B>redt Z&ifoxB.
THE D0¥1B CLOTHING WELL
175, SNAEGATE STEEET, DOVEE,
For CLOTHING TO MEASURE.

Orders executed with dispatch.
Fit Guaranteed. Outfits for the Colonies, School Outfits. Sea Outfits,
Most Moderate Charges. Inspection of the Stock invited.
A 5

KING'S HEAD HOTEL

DOVE IR/.

E<£tabli£l|ed ujnvafd^ of Jo year,4.
This Old-Established Hotel, with
GOOD VIEW OF SES, HARBOUR, CASTLE, and CLIFFS.
Conveniently situated for Continental Travellers.
Adjoining the ADMIRALTY PIER, SOUTH-EASTERN, and LONDON,
CHATHAM, AND DOVER RAILWAY STATIONS.
.Spacious Coffee &oom.
PRIVATE APARTMENTS (en suite).
Patronised by AMERICAN, ENGLISH, and CONTINENTAL FAMILIES.
Comfort cannot be surpassed.
TABLE D'HOTE DAILY.
COMMISSIONAIRE attends all Boats and Trains.
On y parle Francois- Man Spricht Deutsch.
NIGHT PORTER. Telegraph or Write.
-- ?- —
The MxQxiKirEST Steamships
'CALAIS-DOUVRES,' 'VICTORIA; & 'INVICTA,'
NOW RUNNING.

J. BROMLEY,
Proprietor (late Podevin).
a 6

BARTHOLOMEW & SON,
Bedding and Blind Manufacturers,
178, SNAEGATE STEEET,
DOVER.

Carpets, Floor Cloths, Linoleums, Mats, Mattings,
Trimmings, &c

Factory,— WELLESLEY HALL, TOWNWALL STREET.
"THE arm:,"
©offes |f ©inmg %>©mg
178, SNARGATE STREET, DOVER.
LATE OF No. 6.
Proprietor - - F. C. BARTHOLOMEW.
COMMERCIAL ROOM. GOCD BEDS.
Good Accommodation for Cyclists,
N.B, — Only Two Minutes'' Walk from the Sea Front.
A 7

BY HER JVIAJESTY'S ©OMMANDS.

Photographic Portraiture

WITH TASTE,
RAPIDITY, and
PERMANENCE

Specimens

Studios.

\

THE LIBRARY," DOVER

FOR ALL THE NEWEST

BOOKS

OF THE SEASON
AT THE USUAL DISCOUNT FOR CASH.

CUFF BROTHERS,
Booksellers, and News Agents,
SNARGATE STREET &. NEW BRIDGE, Dover.
_

TELEPHONE No. 345

^£S yi. BUSStN,

' l£

Office :—
NORTHAMPTON STREET.
Coal Depots: —
WOOLCOMBER STREET,
NORTHAMPTON STREET,
CAMBRIDGE ROAD,
NEW STREET.

"THE LIBRARY," DOVER,

FOR all the cheapest and best

STATIONERY

ENGRAVING, PRINTING, BOOKBINDING,
DIE STAMPING, &c.

CUFF BROTHERS,
Booksellers and Stationers,
1 and 2, SNARGATE STREET, DOVER.
~^"~ A 9

TELEPHONE "J&rvS^^wC^ Ts:LE:GR'lpHIC ,OI1RESS
No. 276. g^!|§i^a FLASH MAN, Dover.
FLA$r>mAn & 00.,
BY ROYAL "WARRANT
UPHOLSTEBEBS TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN,
AUCTIONEERS, VALUERS, & ESTATE AGENTS
Market Square, and Castle Street, Dover.
Furniture Depository and Factory,— Union Hall, St. Mary's.
" The Reputation of more than Half a Century."
CHIPPENDALE AND FRENCH MARQUETERIE FURNITURE, &c.
Reproductions of the Antique.
ORIENTAL COLLECTION. IVORY BRONZES.
JAPANESE SCREENS a PORCELAIN. BAMBOO FURNITURE.
SPECIALITIES IN SADDLE-BAG UPHOLSTERY.
Tuivmviis ix AitTivric Novelties. New Subjects Constantly.
SOLID WALNUT BEDROOM SUITES FROM £6 15s.
FRENCH AND ENGLISH CRETONNES AND CHIXTZES.-Newfst
Designs.
SEAMLESS AXMINSTER, TAPESTRY AND KIDDERMINSTER
BORDERED CARrETS, any size.
Also the New WILTON AND BRUSSELS BORDERED SQUARES,
any size, without Border Joins (Longitudinal Seams only).
From £1 19s. 6d.
JSFHT FIVE-FRAME BRVSSELS CARTE TS, fn,m Zs. 6d.
NEW and COMPLETE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE on applioaUon.
Houses Furnished On Hire, with the option of Purchase.
CONTRACTORS FOR REMOVALS in Pantechnicon Vans and Storage.
FUNERAL DIRECTORS.
A IO

H.R.H. THE DUKE OF CONNAUGHT.
"THE LIBRARY,"
1 & 2, SNARGATE STREET, & NEW BRIDGE,
DOVBE,
In connection -with Mudiis Select Library.

TEEMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

ONE SET OF BOOKS AT ONE TIME.
12 Months. 6 Months. 3 Months. 2 Months. 1 Month. 2 Weeks, i Week.
21/- 12/6 9/- 7/- 4/- 2/6 1/6

TWO SETS OF BOOKS AT ONE TIME.
12 Months. 6 Months. 3 Months. 2 Months. 1 Month. 2 Weeks, t Week.
42/- 23/- 13/6 10/6 7/- 4/6 2/6

THE NEW BOOKS RECEIVED DIRECT FROM
MUDIES SELECT LIBRARY WEEKLY.
VISITORS CAN SUBSCRIBE FOR ANY PERIOD.
Books lent in Sets to Non-Subscribers ( Class B, yellow label), at 2d.
per Vol. per Week.
THE LEADING REVIEWS AND MAGAZINES MAY BE OBTAINED
(EACH AS A VOL.) AS SOON AS PUBLISHED.
AU Subscriptions due in Advance, and will continue to be charged as long as
the Books remain in the Subscriber's possession.
* * * Books in circulation must in all cases be returned before others can be
taken out in exchange.
The Various New books in Mudie's Catalogue available to
subscribers.
CATALOGUES KEPT FOR REFERENCE.
CUFF BROTHERS, Printers, Bookbinders, Engravers, dc.
A II

J. G. WHORWELL,
Qrtigt ®^d Pfi0t®Sr<aP^er
7, BENCH STREET, DOVER,
JE)tg0;Cfft06 $ovftaitute at QJtofcerafe C0arge6t
OUT-DOOR, WEDDING, PICNIC, LAWN TENNIS, ETC., PARTIES,
Attended Personally on the Shortest Notice.
SPECIAL TO AMATEURS.
All Chemicals, Apparatus, &c, Supplied. Lessons in Photography given.
DARK ROOM.

H. T. PAGE,
hosier ai|cf f>afiei[
8, SDARGATG $TRGGT,
DOVER.

A 12

PIANOFORTE, ORGAN,

AND

MUSIC REPOSITORY,
No. 11, KING STBEET,
DOVER.

(02DC bl h-
Im<o

DCo

H. J. GOULDEN
OFFEBS
SUPERIOR INSTRUMENTS
FOR SALE OR HIRE ON MODERATE TERMS.
AN INSPECTION INVITED.

PIANOFORTES &c, thoroughly Tuned and Repaired
by Experienced Workmen.

Instruments taken in Exchange and fair value allowed.
A LARGE AND VARIED STOCK OF MUSIC TO SELECT FROM.
A 13

-** CUFF v BHe>PflEHJS, *?

PHOTOGRAPHS

BIBLES,

OF

PRAYER BOOKS,

DOVER

CHURCH SERVICES,

AND NEIGHBOURHOOD,

AND
CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL,
HYMN BOOKS,
IN THE
VARIOUS SIZES,
IN THE
BEST & NEWEST BINDINGS,
also, in the
Mounted or Unmounted.
CHEAPEST BINDINGS,
At Chff Brothers.
At Ci'ff Brothers.
PLAIN
BOOKS.
STATIONERY AND
A Selection of the
Leading and most Popular
Books of the Day.
FANCY STATIONERY
DEVOTIONAL BOOKS.
OF
EVERY DESCRIPTION.
ACCOUNT BOOKS.
Letter and Note Papers.
The New Tinted
Note Paper and Envelopes,
The BEST6d., od., & i,'-
Packet of Note Paper.
POETICAL BOOKS.
EDUCATIONAL BOOKS.
A Discount of 2d. allowed for
Cash off the published prices of
New Books.
PRESENTATION BOOKS
The Best i/6 Packet Ditto.
In Plain and Elkgaxt
Good Court Envelopes,
8d. to l/- PER IOO.
Bindings.
GUIDE BOOKS.
STATIONERY AT THE
LOWEST PRICES,
M.\rs. (
BOOKS OF VIEWS, &c,
At Clif Brothers.
Ai Ci rv Brothers.
•* TflE v LIB^
[%
Y, •:¦ D0YE^. *• |
jigfi - ©lags Portraiture,
BY
Artist — AND—
Photographer ^v
— - ^/ ART
Telephone No. 226. r\^ @alfci[ica
WVv' STUDIOS
*&£/ fiwft Brook jgmwe,
>^\V DOVER,
^W,V — AND —
Queen's Gate Hall, South Kensington,
The New Studios are equal to any in England, having been
designed to meet the latest requirements of the constantly
advancing "Art-Science'" Photography, a7id possessing unob
structed light fro7ti due North. All the best tried processes
of Permanent Photography are used in the production of his
Photographs. " Mr. Jacolette is not a mere Photographer — he is an artist."
— St. Stephen's Review.
Awarded Certificate of Merit ART Division.
Exhibition of Photography, Crystal Palace,
March, 1888. 
All Portraits, Groups, &c, by the Instantaneous Process,
THE DOVER STUDIO IS NEAR THE PRIORY STATION.
A 15-

CUFF BROTHERS,
"5Hje ILibrarg,"
1 & 2, SNARGATE STREET, and HEW BRIDGE, DOYER.

LIBRARY DEPARTMENT.
"THE LIBRARY," in connection with Mudie's. The New Books
received direct from Mudle's Select Library weekly.
BOOK D EPARTM ENT.
All the New Books supplied at the usual discount of 2d. in the
Is. off the Published Prices. Daily Parcels from London. Any
Book not In Stock supplied at the shortest notice. MAGAZINES
SENT OUT IMMEDIATELY ON PUBLICATION.
NEWSPAPER DEPARTMENT.
All LONDON DAILY and WEEKLY NEWSPAPERS and Periodicals
delivered in any part of the Town without delay Immediately on
the arrival of the Paper Trains. The Local Papers also regularly
supplied with the utmost despatch. Agency for the Insertion
of Advertisements in the various London, Country and Local
Newspapers.
STATIONERY DEPARTMENT.
Plain and Fancy Stationery, and the best Manufactured Stationery
of every description, at the lowest prices.
FANCY DEPARTMENT.
Leather Goods, Gilt Goods, Ivory Goods, Purses, &c. &c, by
the best makers, of the best and also cheapest qualities and
newest designs. PIc-NIc Cases and Cutlery. Mordan's Silver and
Ivory Pencil Cases and Gold Pens. A Choice Stock of Brass
Sets, Inkstands, &c, &c. The newest, Plush, Gilt, and Silvered
Frames.

A choice Stock of Travelling Bags in Hide, Morocco, or Russia, ¦fitted,
from £2 5s. to £9 9s„ not fitted, from 70s. to £2 2s.
Ladies' Hand Bags, newest Designs, of the best and cheapest qualities,
a 16

THE
VISITOR'S

GUIDE TO DOVER:

^ietorg <xn)> Qnti<\uitkB+

WITH CHAPTERS UPON THE

CLIMATE, RAMBLES, &c.

twtnt^four 3ff«6fr«ftonB» &\afti $)fanBt $ix $)0ofo*
(SngrautngB* anb £roo (JWaps.

N EW EDITION.

DOVER :
CUFF BROTHERS, PRINTERS, BOOKSELLERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c.
i &• 2, SNARGATE STREET.

Recent Regulations, p. 66.
"At the Castle Garrison Church, on Sundays, Civilians
tre permitted to attend the Services, which begin at 11
>'clock a.m., and at 6 o'clock p.m."

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS.

Apartments  A 17 — 18

Dover Newspapers.

Army Furnishers.

Chronicle 
Express 

... A 2
A 22

Hart & Co  a 5

Standard  ,

... A 37
... A 28

Telegraph 

Bakers.

Drapers, &c.

Rugly's  A 23

Houlden, D 

... A 34

Booksellers, Stationers, &c.

Killick, Back & Sons ...

... A 4

Cuff Brothers ... a 8, 14, 16, 21

Fancy Repositories.

Bootmakers.
CuffBrothers 
, Pointer, A. H 
A 39, 4r
A 30
Atkins & Son  a 40
Williamson, E 
... A 24
Harris, 11  a 36
Penn, W  a 29
Florist.
Clark, G 
... A 38
Butchers.
Elgar, R  a 35
Fruiterer.
Parish, C J 
... A 23
Cabinet Makers.
Bartholomew & Son  a 7
Grocers, &c.
Dickeson, R. & Co. ...
A Cover
Chemist.
Norrington, E 
... A 32
Wyles. W  a 42
Page, G 
... A 30
Hair Dresser, Perfumer
, &c.
Coal Merchants.
Bussey, J. W.  a g
Haynes, A 
... A 20
Mowll, W. R  a 31
Hosiers and Hatters.
Coffee and Dining Rooms.
Page, H. T 
Pilcher, C 
... A I3
Bartholomew, F. C  «. 7
... A 34
Confectioners and Pastry Cooks,
Hotels.
&c.
Esplanade Hotel 
... A 38
King's Head Hotel
... A 6
Chittenden, J  a 32
Royal Hotel 
... A 30
Tritton, R  a 38
Shakespeare Hotel 
... A 20
Cycle and Perambulator Works.
Ironmongers, &c.
Brissenden, R  A 34
Chapman & Walker
... A 23
Wright Brothers 
,.. A 24
Dairies.
Dour Valley Dairy  a 23
Lawn Tennis.
Elms Vale Dairy  a 34
CuffBrothers 
••¦ ^ 33
INDEX.

Library. The Library 
Livery Stables.
Packham, E 
Mineral Waters.
Souter, Mackenzie & Co.
Music and Pianoforte Wa
house.
Goulden, H. J 
Naturalist. Gray, G 
News Agents.
CuffBrothers 
Patent Medicines 
Photographers. Jacolette, Martin ... ...
Lambert Weston & Son
Whorwell, J. G 
Professors of Dancing.
Long C.T.& Mrs 

18
29

Schools.

Cordeaux, Misses ...

... - .. a 44

Stationers, &c.

CuffBrothers 

... a 9, 43

Tailors, &c.

Hart & Co 
Johnson & Reed ...
Martin 

 A 5
 A 37
 A 27

Tobacconist.

H. Humphrey 
 A 36
Travelling Bags.
Cuff Brothers  a 26
Upholster ers.
Flashman & Co  a io
Watch and Clock Makers.
Woodruff & Co  a 3
Wine and Spirit Merchants.
Court & Co  a 35
Binfield Brothers  A 40
Lukey, J. & Sons ..,  a 45
INDEX

Admiralty Pier, 32
Alkham, 79
Ancient Churches, 60
Ancient Dover, 10
Apollonian Hall, 91
Archcliff Fort, 51
Ash, 82
Athol Terrace, 4
Band Performances, 6
Bankers, 94
Barfrestone, 83
Barham, 78
Baths, &c.j 94
Beakeshourne, 82
Benevolent Societies, 91
Bifrons, 78
Bishopsbourne, 78
Bridge, 78
Broom Park, 78
Buckland, 77
Butterflies, 13
Cab Fares, 98
Canterbury, 78
Caple-le-Ferne, 80
Castle, (Admission) 35
Fortifications, 37 — 40
The Keep, 42
King John's Chapel, 43
Colton Tower, 44
Peverel's Tower, 44
Constable's Tower, 45
Queen Elizabeth's Pocket Pistol,
45
Moat's Bulwark, 46
Annals of the, 47
Cemeteries, 8
Charlton, 77
Chapels, 75
Charitable Institutions, 89
Churches, Ancient and Modern, 60
Churchill's Grave, 60
Citadel, 50
CHmate and Situation, 1
Clubs, go
Coldred, 85
College, 89
Convalescent Home, 91
Continental Excursions, 8
Custom House, 91
Deal, 81
Denton, 78
Dover Priory, 6q

Dover Incorporated by Charter, 16
Bishop of, 22
Drives in the Neighbourhood of,
77
Excursions in the Neighbourhood
of, 8
Geology of, 86
Local Natural History of, 13
Population of, 98
Drop Redoubt, 50
East Cliff Jetty, 4
Eastry, 82
Esplanade, 6
Ewell, 77
Eytliorne, 85
Folkestone. 80
Fredville, 84
Gaol, 59
Garrison Church, 7, 73
Geology, 86
Goodnestone, 84
Grand Shaft, 6
Guilford Battery, 46
Guston, 81
Harbour, 29
Hawkinge, 80
Health Sites, 2
Heights and Citadel, 50
Historic Events, 15
Hospital, 91
Hotels, 94
Hougham, 80
Hythe, 80
Jews' Cemetery, 8
Jews' Synagogue, 76
Kearsney Abbey, 77
Kentish Birds in Museum, go
Kingston, 78
Knights Templars' Church, 51
Knowlton, 84
Langdon, East, 81
Langdon, West, 81
Littlebourne, 82
Local Natural History, 13
Lydden, 77
Maison Dieu Hall, 53
Marine Parade, 4
Marine Zoology, 13
Market, 90
Marten, 81
Military Monument, 21
Mongeham, 81

INDEX.

Museum, 89
New Town Hall, 24
Nonington, 84
North Fall Footpath, 4
North Pier Head, 6
Opening of the Public Park, 25
Oxney, 81
Palmerston Bridge, 30
Park (Connaught), 25
Patricksboume, 82
Population, 98
Postal Directory, 96
Poulton, 78
Public Buildings, 89
Rambles, 4
Religious Societies, 92
Rifle Ranges. 5
Ringwould, 8t
Ripple, 81
River, 77
Roman Pharos, 63
Royal Cinque Ports Yacht Club, 90
Sailors' Home, 91
Salubrity of Dover, 2
Sandgate, 80
Sandwich, 82
School of Art, 89
Shakespeare's Cliff, 52

Shepherdswell or Sibertswould, 83
Sholden, 81
Situation and CHmate, 1
Soldiers' Home, 92
South Front Barracks. 7
South Foreland Lighthouse, 84
St. Mary's Church, Dover Castle, 63
St. Mary's Mission House, 92
St. Margaret's, 84
St. Martin's or Dover Prion', °°
St. Radigund's Abbey, 79
Sutton. 81
Swingfield, 80
Tavenor's Garden, 59
Tilmanstone, B2
Trinity Pilots' House, 34
Villages near Dover. 77
Waldershare, 85
Walmer, 81
Water Supply, 2
Waterloo Crescent, 5
Wellington Bridge, 30
West Cliffe, 84
Western Heights Barracks, 6
Wingham, 82
Wootton, 78
Working Men's Institute, 92
Young Men's Christian Association, 52

Tone Block-

From Photograph by Martin Jacolctte.
WATERLOO CRESCENT AND ESPLANADE.

Missing Page

2 GUIDE TO DOVKR.
level of the sea. While it is well sheltered from the ruder blasts
of the north and north-east by the South Foreland and the hill
on which the Castle stands, it is protected by the ranges on the
west and north-west from the winds blowing from the latter
quarters. On the other hand, it catches in all their purity the
southern breezes, and those from the south-east and the south
west, as they blow across the surface of the Channel. It will
thus be seen that, from its sheltered position, Dover is a most
desirable resort for invalids, and especially for such as suffer
from chest affections, while it enjoys in a remarkable degree
facilities for breathing, free from any vestige of impurity, the
saline breezes which bring health and healing on their wings.
Closely allied to situation and climate are considerations of
drainage and water-supply ; and the visitor will be glad to learn
that Dover is well furnished in these important respects. The
Public Health Act was applied to Dover in the year 1853, and
a contract was immediately entered into for draining the town
upon the arterial system. The execution of the drainage works
occupied three years, and involved an expense, for main drain
age alone, of some ^70,000. Since then, the whole of fhe
houses in the borough have been connected with the sewers,
the last remaining outlying district, Maxton, having been con
nected with the main drainage in the spring of 1880. There
can be no doubt that the comparative exemption of Dover from
epidemics which have decimated other towns, is due as much
to the precautions of a sanitary nature which have here been
adopted, as to the general salubrity of its situation and the
excellence of its climate. Concurrently with the operations for
drainage, a large expense was incurred for obtaining an
abundant supply of water. This is derived from three commu
nicating wells sunk into the chalk near to the Castle. The
wells are 226 feet deep, with an adit of 250 yards, driven
horizontally to intercept springs in the chalk. From these
wells, 50,000 gallons an hour can be raised. Dr. Letheby, in a
recent report, describes the water as remarkably bright and
clear, and free from all organic matter. Indeed, he confesses
that he has rarely examined water so good in these respects,
or better suited for domestic purposes.
We trust we have said sufficient on the subject of situation,
chmate, drainage, and water-supply. To those who desire to
know more, we would recommend a perusal of a shilling hand
book, entitled— Dover as ,1 Hcalth-Rcsort ; written by an able
resident physician, Dr. Parsons. Hv the courtesy of this
gentleman, we are enable to append a list of the most desirable
health sites : —
Dry and bracing, and sheltered in winter, Victoria Park.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 3
Warm in summer, sheltered in winter, exposed to marine
moisture, East Cliff.
Open to land and sea breezes, and almost on the sea-level,
Marine Parade, Waterloo Crescent, and Esplanade.
For moisture and shelter combined, Maison Dieu Road.
Drier, but equally sheltered, Castle Hill Estate and Folke
stone Road.
It is estimated that on an average, Dover is ten degrees
warmer than London in winter, and in summer ten degrees
cooler.

B 2

GUIDE TO DOVER.

Kambleg in antt about ©ober.
One of the defects of the ordinary guidebook is, that though it
furnishes descriptions of the places of interest within walking
or driving distance, it usually omits to give the routes by which
the various points may be reached. We propose, therefore, to
furnish a description, not only of the places worthy of a -visit,
but of the best and pleasantest way in which they may be
gained. We think it desirable to do this before glancing at
the history of the town, or noticing in detail the objects to be
visited. In each case we will take the Military Monument
standing in the centre of the sea-front as our imaginary starting-
point. Marine rambles are, of course, the most attractive to the
visitor at the sea-side, and he naturally turns to these with
the greatest zest. A romantic and picturesque stroll of this
kind will be enjoyed, on leaving the Monument, by passing
along the promenade in front of the Granville Gardens and the
Marine Parade, and continuing eastward until reaching the
ascent known as the North Fall Footpath. At the end of
Marine Parade will be observed a substantial stone groyne,
erected by the Dover Harbour Board, marking the boundary
of their jurisdiction eastward. The houses along the sea-front
to the westward of this point are held under leases granted by
the Harbour Board ; and the groyne is erected for the protec
tion of the property from the encroachments of the sea.
Situate at the extreme end of the Parade is East Cliff Jetty,
which has recently been repaired by the Town Council under
the powers of the East Cliff Defence Act of 1877. From here
we get a capital view of the cliffs to the eastward, the further
most point being the South Foreland.
Leaving the jetty we come to Athol Terrace, a pretty little
cluster of houses nestling under the cliff. This propertv has
also been more than once placed in great jeopardy by sea
incursions. We then come to the most novel feature in our
walk — the North Fall Footpath. The pathway conducts the
visitor through a short tunnel, excavated in the chalk to the cliff
above, from which a fine view of the Channel, the marine
portion of the town, the Admiralty Pier, the Harbour, and the
lofty crest of Shakespeare's Cliff, may be obtained. This path
is of great convenience to the rambler, as it enables him to
diversify the character of his walk, and to reach home bv an

GUIDE TO DOVER. 5
entirely new route. Its construction is due principally to the
exertions of the Dover Chamber of Commerce. It was com
menced in the winter of 1869, for the purpose of affording
temporary employment to men thrown out of work by the
inclemency of the weather, the remuneration for their labour
being afforded by public subscription. When the spring came,
a great portion of the path was accomplished, and the formal
sanction of the Government to its completion having been
obtained, the necessary funds were raised. A great quantity of
the chalk at the upper part of the footpath was dislodged by
blasting, and the excavation was then made at a comparatively
small cost, the whole being clone under the direction of the late
borough surveyor, Mr. John Hanvey.
Independently of the means it affords of easy access to the
North Fall Meadow Recreation Ground, the path is of much
value in enabling the visitor to reach the margin of the East
Cliff, and conducting him, by one of the most romantic walks,
past the Convict Prison, the South Foreland Lighthouse to the
marine village of St. Margaret's.
In the North Fall Meadow will be found the Government
rifle ranges, which the pedestrian, on returning towards the
town, leaves on his right, while keeping as closely as possible
under the range of fortifications, forming the landward defence
of the Castle, which lie upon its left. The path through the
North Fall Meadow brings the pedestrian into the turnpike
road leading from Dover to Deal. Upon reaching the road he
finds on his immediate right a series of modern fortifications
and outworks, Fort Burgoyne commanding the northern
approach to the Castle. In the same direction lies the magnifi
cent plateau upon which military operations usually take place
when reviews or field-days are held. As the visitor descends
towards the town, upon the right he sees one of the loveliest
and most picturesque pieces of valley scenery the county of
Kent affords, while upon his left, stately and grim, stands the
Castle, with its grand entrance, and its cannon bristling on
terrace and turret, and bidding a bold defiance to the invader.
A walk through Castle Street, the Market Place, and Bench
Street, brings us back to the point of our departure.
Having rambled along the eastern portion of the sea front,
our next walk will be to the westward, and will have the
Admiralty Pier as its goal. The visitor, passing along Waterloo
Crescent, will observe that it is skirted by a strongly-built
sea wall. The erection of this defence, like those to eastward,
is attributable to the inroads of the sea consequent upon the
building of the Admiralty Pier. This, together with the stone
apron on the western side of the Granville Gardens, was con-

6 GUIDE TO DOVER.
structed by the Dover Harbour Board in the year 1850. In the
summer season the bands of the different regiments quartered
here perform on certain days upon the stand erected in the
Granville Gardens. Afternoon concerts of this description are
usually given every day, the public being admitted to the
enclosure at a small charge. To the westward of Waterloo
Crescent, a smaller block of houses, known as the Esplanade,
will be found, the space between the two being faced by the
District Control Office. At the extremity of the Esplanade, is
the Harbour Clock Tower, recently erected, and from thence the
visitor may turn to the left or the right, the former leading him
to the North Pier Head, and the latter over the Wellington
Bridge and along the quays in the direction of the Admiralty
Pier. The Pier, however, may be reached from the North Pier
by means of a commodious ferry-boat, which is placed at this
spot for the accommodation of those who desire to avoid the
de'tour we have just described. On arriving upon the western
side of the harbour, Shakespeare's Cliff may be reached either
by the sea shore, which may be gained by skirting the rear of
the South Eastern Railway Station, or by way of Beach Street
and Bulwark Street to the Fort Hill. The former is the more
romantic of the two routes, the approach to Shakespeare's Cliff
being gained by a zig-zag path which conducts the visitor up
the Cliff to the Townsend Coast Guard Station.
Leaving the sea front our next walk will be to the Western
Heights, which will be best reached by passing through Snar-
gate Street to the Grand Shaft. The approach to the shaft
itself is through a tunnel cut in the cliff. At its extremity are
three spiral flights of steps conducting to the top of the shaft,
and two other flights bring us to the Western Heights Barrack
Yard. These commodious barracks have been improved from
time to time, and they are probably unsurpassed in the king
dom, either for salubrity or general convenience. So highly
esteemed is Dover as a military quarter, that a large proportion
of regiments arriving home from India are landed and quartered
here, previous to their removal to any other military station,
solely upon sanitary grounds. The objects of interest at the
Western Heights are exceedingly varied. The every-day life
of the soldier in quarters may be here observed without diffi
culty, and would probably form one of the most amusing
incidents of a visit. On the right, facing the town, is a fine
tennis-court, erected for the recreation of the soldiers, and at
the summit of the ascent, skirting the rows of barmck buildings,
will also be found a large and excellent gymnasium.
On the summit of the slope will be found a plain used for
ordinary drill purposes. The principal drill ground at the

GUIDE TO DOVER. 7
Western Heights, however, is a plateau more to the westward,
and beyond the Garrison Church.
To the right of the visitor, at the top of the ascent, is the
Drop Redoubt, which is surrounded by a deep fosse. Salutes
of honour are fired from this battery ; also, the gun which
announces mid-day by Greenwich time, and other signals,
employed for military purposes. In line with the Drop Redoubt,
approaching the town, is a battery of comparatively new con
struction, under which there is an arched passage conducting
towards the town, and passing the old cemetery of St. Mary's.
To the right of the church another subterranean passage
will conduct the visitor into the town by way of the Military
Road and Biggin Street. The Knights Templars' Church, the
Married Soldiers' Quarters, the Military Hospital, and the South
Front Barracks, will be found still further to the westward, the
series of intrenchments which forms the enciente of the whole
extending nearly parallel with Shakespeare's Cliff.
Another route for reaching the Western Heights is by way
of Bench Street, Market Square, Biggin Street, and Military
Road. On passing the Market Square the visitor will find the
Museum upon his left.
At the rear of the Museum is the Fire Station, and under
neath it the Meat and Fish Markets. Passing through Biggin
Street, the visitor finds the Church of St. Mary, one of the most
ancient churches in the country, having been made over by the
Bishop of Bayeux, Odo, Constable of Dover Castle, to the
Crown, in the reign of William the Conqueror. The ascent of
the Military Road brings the visitor again to the Western
Heights, the draw-bridge at the top conducting him to the
Garrison Church.
A charming and most picturesque walk is that from Dover
to Ewell. The distance from the Monument, our old point of
departure, is about three miles ; but as the village has a station
of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway, the visitor may
time his ramble in this direction, so as to catch one of the down
trains stopping there. Bench Street^and Biggin Street bring
us to the new Town Hall, the ancient Maison Dieu, and other
municipal buildings. The turnpike road to London conducts
us, through the parishes of Charlton and Buckland, to Crabble,
towards our destination. From the hill known as Crabble Hill,
a magnificent view is obtained of the valley on the left, through
which the River Dour runs like a silver ribbon, and as the
pedestrian stops now and then for breathing-time he will
probably turn and survey the Castle, which looks more grandly
from no other point of view. Temple Ewell is so called from
the fact of the Manor of Ewell having been granted by William

8 GUIDE TO DOVER.
Peverel to the Knights Templars towards the close of the twelfth
century. The recognition by King John of the right of Arch
bishop Langton to the See of Canterbury is dated from the
" Temple of Ewell." The edifice stood on the hill above the
village, and some fragments of the walls still are to be traced.
The principal residence is Kearsney Abbey. The grounds,
though not very extensive, are tastefully laid out. From Ewell
a romantic walk to St. Radigund's Abbey, which stands on the
table land at the summit of the opposite hills, may be enjoyed
by the visitor desirous of extending his ramble. The Abbey
may be reached by most of the roads branching off from the
left as we pass through Charlton, Buckland, or River.
An interesting walk is that from the Monument by way of
Maison Dieu Road and Charlton Green to the cemeteries at
Copt Hill. Maison Dieu Road may be reached by passing
through the Market Place and Castle Street. On the right, at
the commencement of the road, stands St. James' New Church,
which was erected in i860. It is very elegant in its appearance
externally, and the internal fittings will be found to correspond.
A few yards further on is the Roman Catholic Church of St.
Paul, more recently erected. On the left, mid-way along the
road, stands Brook House, the residence of J. Finnis, Esq.
The cemeteries already formed at Copt Hill are those of St.
James and St. Mary, and for the Parish of Charlton. There is
also a small Jewish Cemetery. The pasture land which meets
the view as one stands upon the incline, is known as Knights'
Bottom, and is said to be the spot where in ancient times the
Knights from the Castle assembled for the exercise of those
feats associated with the tournament. While beyond the ceme
teries, on the Frith Road, is the Public Recreation Ground,
called The Danes, recently purchased by the Town Council.
We might add to these hints for the recreation of the visitor,
several country rambles. That to St. Margaret's we have
already specified. The walks to Old Park, also to Guston, are
of singular beauty and interest. Coldred, Waldershare, Shep-
herdswell, Barfrestone, and Fredville will also be found well
deserving of a visit. The latter places may be reached most
conveniently by taking the train from Dover to the Shepherds-
well Station.
A point of especial importance to visitors is the facility
Dover enjoys for speedy and easy communication, not only
with neighbouring marine and inland resorts, but also with the
Continent ; and in the summer season this facility is placed within
reach at an outlay almost approaching a nominal tariff. As the
terminus of the trunks of two railways whose arteries intersect
the county from London to the sea, Dover is barely two hours

GUIDE TO DOVER. 9
from Hastings, to which frequent excursions run, and the new
railway between Dover and Deal affords direct communication
with <he Isle of Thanet. A diversity of route is offered in the
summer, as a steamboat leaves Ramsgate daily (calling at Deal)
for Dover, returning the same day. Canterbury is reached by
rail in about 40 minutes. Daily excursion tickets are issued at
very low fares, allowing ample time to see the ancient City,
Cathedral, &c, and to attend the afternoon service in the
Cathedral. Continental tourists have not only the every-day
cheap transit at a single fare, but the special arrangement of a
three days' circular tour from Dover to Calais, Boulogne,
Folkestone, and back for us., and also a tour from Dover to
Ostend and back at a cheap rate. These are most attractive
pleasure trips offered to Dover visitors, but in whatever direc
tion we turn, the locality possesses rare facilities of communi
cation, and of agreeable locomotion, that must sustain its high
reputation as a fashionable seaside retreat.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

Ancient JBobnr.
When Julius Cassar contemplated the subjugation of Britain,
he embarked from a point near Calais, and directed his galleys
towards Dover (August 26th, B.C. 55). The demonstration of
the armed natives, however, was so formidable, that the con
queror of Gaul thought it prudent to tum his forces to the east
ward, and select some easier place of landing. During the
reign of Lucius, a.d. 180, the sea receded from the southern
side of the valley at the entrance of the haven, and the town of
Dover was fortified with walls, battlements, and towers, the
foundations of which were carefully traced in 1846 for an early
edition of the present Guide.
The following were the ancient gates : —
Butchery-gate (1). — The tower of this gate
was taken down in 1819. It was situated over
the present river, and had often been used as
a prison. Severus'-gate (2). — This gate was built by the Emperor
Severus, a.d. 209. The eastern wall of Cuff Brothers' Library
is built on the foundation of the square tower that contained
the gate.
Snare-gate (3). — This gate was taken down in 1683. It was
situated on the site of No. 16, Snargate Street, Between this
and the gate of Severus was situated a square tower (4).
Adrian-gate (5) was situated on the rise of the hill in Adrian
Street ; and the foundations of its tower remain under a passage
and house (No. 26) in that street.
Cow-gate (6) stood at the upper extremity of Queen Street
It was taken down in 1776.
St. Martin's-gate (7) was in the wall that bounded the
grounds of the collegiate church of St. Martin, and probably
near the upper end of Market Street.
Biggin-gate (8) was situated at the lower end of Biggin
Street. It was taken down in 1762. From Biggin-gate" the
wall passed down the north-western side of St. Man's church
yard. In 1831, the lower extremity of the foundation was laid
open at the end of the Union Hall. At this point (9) the
foundation turns nearly at a right angle towards Stembrook
Mill, and has been traced to (10) the Millhouse (11). Hence it

GUIDE TO DOVER.

12 GUIDE TO DOVER.
proceeds across the mill-stream (arched over in 1832;, and
passes Dolphin Lane (12). In the cellar of a house (No. 7) on
the north side of the lane, fragments of the wall still remain.
From this point it passed St. James' Street close by Mr.
Leney's Brewery, and thence to the Postern-gate (13) in Town-
wall Street, a large portion of which was disclosed by drainage
works in 1891.
The Postcrn-gate (13). — By this gate the town was entered
from the Old Harbour. It was commonly called Fishermen's-
gate. Thence the wall proceeded to Butchery-gate (1) and
enclosed the whole British or Roman town. The walls were
about 6 feet in thickness, and the Roman cement used in their
construction is as hard as are the stone and flint of which they
are composed.
During Constantine's reign Britain enjoyed the blessings of
peace, and a detachment of Tungnans formed the garrison at
Dover. In 367 Theodosius, Governor of Britain, placed a
cohort, 1,100 strong of the Legio Britannica at Dover. Mr.
Lyon, in his History of Dover says they constructed the
Roman bath in St. Mary's churchyard. The tower and a part
of the church were built over it, and many of its fragments still
remain. St. Helen's or Cross-gate (14), to the eastward of the Postern-
gate. The foundations of the tower that contained it are in a
cellar on the north side of Townwall Lane. It was called
Cross-gate from a cross or crucifix that stood near it, called St.
Helen's Cross.
Eastbrook-gatc (15), supposed to be so called from the fact
that the East Brook emptied itself near the spot into the Old
Harbour, then occupying the present area of Woolcomber
Street, and the adjacent locality. From this gate the wall
probably skirted the south-eastern side of St. James' church
yard, until it joined the cliffs. There was a tower in the curtain
of the wall, says Mr. Lyon, between Eastbrook Gate and St.
Helen's Gate.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

$otcs on Hocal Natural Slfetorg.
BUTTERFLIES.
ENTOMOLOGISTS will find the extensive range of hills round
Dover extremely rich in Lepidoptera. No less than forty out
of the sixty-five British species of Butterflies have been taken
in this neighbourhood, besides a very large number of Moths,
some of which are very rare and local. Entomological study
has made rapid progress during the past few years, and that of
the Lepidoptera in particular has become extremely popular
among the young ; redoubling the pleasures of the country
ramble, and furnishing a store of knowledge to the collector
not to be obtained in any other way. It is not intended here
to go into the life history of Butterflies, as there is a most
excellent little hand-book to be bought for One Shilling, giving
a full description and figures of every British species.
MARINE ZOOLOGY.
In the department of Marine Zoology, Dover affords ample
scope for the collection of specimens. The rocks to the east
ward of the Castle, and those under Shakespeare's Cliff in the
other direction, are good hunting grounds for the visitor who
desires to make acquaintance with the commoner shore animals.
Here every tide pool is studded with the two common Sea
Anemones of the district — the Smooth Anemone (actinia
mesembryanthemum) and the Dahlia Wartlet (bunodes cras-
sicornis.) These are common everywhere; but the Cave
dweller (sagartia troglodytes) and the Suakylock (S. anguicoma)
will be here and there found at lowest spring tides. The
lovely Plumose (actino loba dianthus), that Queen of British
Anemones, may also be now and then obtained from deeper
water. Among the masses of weed which fringe the pools, and
under stones, numerous crustaceans make their home ; the
graceful Prawn may be seen gliding in almost ghost-like
transparency over the rocky bottom ; the Mysis, or Opossum
Shrimp, swims in shoals ; and Crabs of various species lurk in
the darker recesses. Very common under the stones is the
queer little broad-claw, or hairy porcelain Crab, so graphically
described by Mr. P. H. Gosse, in his " Year at the Shore " ; a

14 GUIDE TO DOVER.
book we can recommend as a charming sea-side companion.
Fishes of rock-loving proclivities abound ; Blennies and
Gobies, Ballheads and Rocklings ; whilst under the dark
masses of fucus and laminaria which tassel the larger rocks,
the pretty little Corkwing, and other fishes of the Wrasse
family, hover in and out i-n search of the tiny crustaceans on
which they feed.
Here, too, on a warm summer's day, the muslin ring net
will hardly fail to capture specimens of the smaller Jelly
Fishes— the little Cydippe (C. pileus), a clear globe of glossy
transparence about as big as a marble, and rowing itself
through the water by means of eight bands of cilia, disposed
like the ribs of a melon — or the Lucernaria, with its purple bell
and eight bunches of thickset tentacles ; sometimes swimming
freely, and sometimes adhering to the seaweeds by its basal
disk, like the Sea Anemones ; between which and the Jelly
Fishes it indeed forms a connecting link.
These rock pools indeed abound at all seasons with in
numerable forms of life and beauty, so that hours may be
profitably and delightfully spent in exploring the contents of
the acres of natural aquaria which every receding tide exposes
to view. The enthusiastic naturalist who has wisely brought his
microscope to the sea-side, should not fail to bring home a
bottle full of the pink chalky-jointed Weed (corallina officinalis\
which grows in profusion. No sea-weed with which we are
acquainted yields such a harvest of microscopic life as this.
Bovverbankia, Alcyonidium, Lepralia, and others of the
Polyzoa ; Laomedea, and Coryne, among the Zoophytes ; the
small Brittle Star (ophiocoma neglecta), a most beautiful object,
will all be met with ; besides numerous small mollusks and
crustaceans ; among the latter, those strange skeleton-like
creatures, the Pycnogons, of two or three species.
During the early summer, two or three species of the naked-
gilled mollusks, Eolis and Doris, come in-shore to spawn.
They deposit their eggs in ribbons under rocks and stones ;
and by obtaining specimens of different ages, the development
of the embryo may be well studied. The egg masses of the
whelk, found later in the year, also display similar changes, and
are well worthy of examination.
After a gale, many curious deep-water creatures will be
found among the heaps of drifted sea-weed — the " Sea Mouse"
(aphrodita), a worm of mud-loving habits, but with a band of
brilliantly-coloured hair and bristles down each side, which
keep their colours well when preserved in spirit — many species
of Zoophytes, Polyzoa, and Starfishes.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 15

historic ffibents.
Having briefly described the ancient locality of the town, we
may here append some of the principal facts in its history.
Alfred the Great, in 887, equipped a considerable fleet, and
drove the Danish navy from the sea-coast ; and to guard
against future incursions, he fortified the kingdom with castles
and walled towns, and encouraged his people to collect them
selves into communities for mutual defence ; the inhabitants
of Dover had a Guild or social compact, and were empowered
to raise a number of ships for the King's service.
In Edward the Confessor's reign, Dover furnished his
Majesty with twenty ships of war. When his messenger
passed through the town, the burgesses paid three pence in
winter, and two pence in summer, for transporting his horse ;
and they provided a pilot and an assistant. For their
services the King rewarded them with special privileges and
immunities. Whoever constantly resided in the town, and
paid his customary dues to his Sovereign, was free of toll in
every part of England.
At the period of the Norman Conquest, 1066, the town was,
to a great extent, burnt. In reference to this event, Guy of
Amiens observes — that the men of Dover, seeing their helpless
position, on the advance of William of Normandy, sent their
keys to the Duke while he was halting during five days after
the battle of Hastings. On his arrival, however, when the
garrison hesitated to surrender, some of the Norman Knights,
eager for spoil, fired the town, and it was reduced to ashes,
with the exception of twenty-nine houses. William ordered
immediately compensation for the loss, and furnished the
inhabitants with money sufficient to rebuild their houses.
History further informs us, that though, on besieging and
taking the Castle, William beheaded the Governor, and was
guilty of other acts of cruelty, yet, when seated on the English
throne, the Castle and town became objects of the Conqueror's
solicitude and favour.
Under its Norman rulers the town rose to considerable
importance. King Stephen died here in 11 54. In 11 56,
Henry II. paid the town a visit, and he also visited Dover
again in 1179, when on his way, with King Louis of France, to
kneel at the shrine of Thomas a-Becket. It was from Dover

16 GUIDE TO DOVER.
that Richard I. set out for the Crusades, and it was here that
his brother Godfrey, while worshipping at the shrine in St
Martin's Priory, was arrested by the orders of Longchamp,
Bishop of Ely.
In 12 12, Cardinal Langton and King John met at Dover to
arrange conditions of peace between them, and in the following
year the King assembled an army of 60,000 men in the vain
hope that they would enable him to defy Philip of France. In
the same year King John did homage to Pandulph, the Pope's
Legate, in the great Priory Church of St. Martin. Probably
Dover was the last stronghold in Kent to yield to Prince Louis
and the revolted Barons. "All Kent hath yielded," exclaims
Falconbridge in the play of King John, " Nothing there holds
out but Dover Castle." Indeed, the strength of the old Castle,
which enabled Hubert de Burgh to hold out, during the siege
by the Dauphin of France, in 12 16, in all probability saved
England from a French dynasty. The following year witnessed
the defeat of the French fleet by Hubert.
In 12 1 6, the Emperor Sigismund landed here with a train
of 1,000 horsemen and a fleet of thirty great ships. He was
received by the Duke of Gloucester and divers other Lords,
who, when he made ready to land, entered the water with drawn
swords in their hands, and would not suffer him to disembark
until he had declared himself "their King's friend and mediator
to entreat for peace."
Dover was the first of the Cinque Ports incorporated by
charter. The town had long enjoyed special privileges ; but
Edward the First, who began his reign in 1272, not only con
firmed these ancient rights, but also granted a charter to the
inhabitants, and acknowledged the corporation by the name of
mayor and commonalty.
During this and the following century, the Cinque Ports'
fleets accomplished many brilliant achievements. In 1293, an
engagement was fought in mid-channel, in which the English
were victorious, and took two hundred and forty sail of vessels.
Philip the Fourth of France was so enraged at this defeat that
he threatened to invade England, and to destroy not only the
people, but the language.
In 1296, whilst the Cinque Ports' fleet was assisting King
Edward in the conquest of Scotland, the French King collected
two hundred sail of ships and galleys, and embarked an army
to put his threat into execution. They approached the English
coast, and their first attack was on the town of Hythe, the inha
bitants of which fled before them ; but being soon joined by
reinforcements, they returned upon the invaders, killed two
hundred and forty, and burnt one of their ships. To revenge

GUIDE TO DOVER. 17
this loss, the French Admiral immediately sailed for Dover ;
and, before any part of the garrison had returned from Hythe,
forced the defences, and obliged the inhabitants to retire into
the country. Revenge and fury marked the progress of the
invaders ; women and children fell victims to their rage ; and
the town and the religious houses were pillaged. They were
still plundering, when the garrison, with reinforcements, re
turned upon them, attacked their scattered detachments, killed
about eight hundred, and chased the remainder to the shore.
The Admiral, alarmed and disconcerted, retired to his ships
with as many men and as much plunder as could be taken
away, while several were left to perish on the beach. Soon after
this, the French landed at Dover in the night, burnt the greater
part of the town, and damaged several of the religious houses ;
but these excesses were of short duration ; and before the end
of the year, the British navy not only swept the enemy from the
Channel, but made several descents on the coast of France.
To recover the loss sustained by Dover from the invading foe,
the town had the privilege of coining money ; and, as a further
favour, in 1377, all passengers for the Continent were obliged
to embark at Dover.
In 1421, Henry V., in whose interest Sigismund had visited
Dover a few years before, landed here with his bride, Katherine
of Valois, whom he had won at the sword's point. Katherine,
we are told, was welcomed as if she had been an angel, and the
people ran into the water to carry her ashore upon their
shoulders. During the reign of Henry VIIL, a large number of religious
houses in Dover were suppressed, the crown taking possession
of their revenues. In 1520, the Emperor Charles V. landed
here and had an interview with Henry ; and it was from Dover
the King set out on his way to the famous " Field of the Cloth
of Gold." Queen Elizabeth, in her progress through the kingdom,
visited Dover, August 25th, in 1573. Her Majesty came from
Lord Buckhurst's residence at Westenhanger, and was met on
Folkestone Down by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and many
knights and gentlemen of the county ; by whom she was con
ducted to Dover Castle, amidst the ringing of bells, the roaring
of cannon, and the rejoicings of her loyal subjects. She
remained six days in this stronghold, and during her stay con
ferred the honour of knighthood on Richard Baker and Thomas
Vane, Esquires, the latter being at that time Lieut. -Governor of
the Castle, and one of the Members of Parliament for Dover,
The townsmen presented to Her Majesty a rich enamelled cup,
with the Cinque Ports' arms on it. C

18 GUIDE TO DOVER.
When the Spanish Armada threatened destruction to the
British Isles in 1588, the Cinque Ports fitted out six ships of
superior magnitude for the Queen's service ; and appointed for
every one a pinnace of thirty tons to attend it. The whole
expense amounted to forty-three thousand pounds ; and among
the services performed, the mariners of one of the Dover ships,
being well acquainted with the flats and banks of the channel,
decoyed a large galleon of Spain upon them, and afterwards
engaged and burnt her.
It was here that the Armada received its first great check
After fighting its way up Channel, it dropped anchor in Calais
Roads, July 27th, 1588. It had been arranged that the junction
of the two Spanish fleets should be effected there. The English
fleet, however, under Howard, Drake, Frobisher, Hawkins, and
Effingham, had followed the Armada, and dropped anchor
within a mile and a half of the Spaniards. "Never," says
Motley, " Since England was England, had such a sight been
seen as now revealed itself in those narrow straits between
Dover and Calais. Along that low sandy shore, and quite
within the range of the Calais fortifications, 130 Spanish ships
— the greatest part of them the largest and most heavily-armed
in the world — lay face to face, and scarcely out of cannon-shot,
with 1 50 English sloops and frigates, the strongest and swiftest
that the Island could furnish, and commanded by men whose
exploits had rung through the world." On the night of Sunday,
July 28th, the Armada was thrown into confusion by fire-ships,
and drifted away towards the Flemish coast, scattered and
destroyed. King Charles I. visited Dover, and was at great expense in
fitting up the royal apartments in the Castle for the reception
of the Princess Henrietta of France, who arrived here on
Sunday, the 13th of June, 1625. On the following morning,
the King arrived with a magnificent retinue to meet her. The
same afternoon the King and Princess left the Castle for
Canterbury, where the nuptials were consummated in the
evening. On the 23rd of February, 1642, the same King and Queen,
accompanied by their daughter, the Princess Mary, were again
at Dover ; not with a splendid train of admiring courtiers, but
almost alone, solitary and forsaken, driven from their throne,
and deprived of their revenues.
During the civil war, Dover Castle fell by stratagem into
the hands of the Parliamentarians. On the night of August
ist, 1642, a merchant of Dover, named Drake, a devoted
adherent of the Commonwealth, scaled the cliff on the side
next the sea with a few followers, and before the garrison were

GUIDE TO DOVER. 19
on the alert to repel them, threw open the gates. It thus fell
into the hands of the insurgents, and the Royalists afterwards
endeavoured in vain to recover it.
King Charles II. was received at Dover on his restoration
oh the 27th of May, 1660. The inhabitants appear to have
gone wild with their enthusiastic loyalty. They flung their caps
in the air, and manifested every kind of delight on the restora
tion of the Merry Monarch to the throne of his ancestors.
Charles is said to have remarked to one of his attendants,
on observing these joyous manifestations, " Oddsfish, gentle
men, these good folk seem so happy to see us that surely it
was our own fault we did not gratify them sooner." Pepys tells
us that "The King was received by General Monk with all
imaginable love and respect at his entrance upon the land at
Dover. Infinite the crowds of horsemen, citizens and noble
men — people of all sorts. The Mayor of the town came and
gave him his white staff, the badge of his place, which the King
did give him again. The Mayor also presented him from the
town a very rich Bible, which he took. and said it was the thing
that he loved above all things in the world. A canopy was
prepared for him to stand under, which he did, and talked
awhile with General Monk and others, and so into a stately
coach there set for him, and so away through the town towards
Canterbury." In 1665 the plague, which had desolated London, made its
appearance in Dover, and slew 900 persons. They were
buried on the slope of the hill, near the Western Heights
Military Hospital.
The Princess Henrietta-Maria, Duchess of Orleans, came
to Dover on the 15th of May, 1670, on .a visit to her brothers,
King Charles the Second and the Duke of York. She was
received very graciously by the King, who kept a magnificent
court at Dover more than a fortnight, until the Duchess
returned to France.
In 1798, the threats of invasion from the opposite shore of
France found the inhabitants of Dover prepared, and eager for
the contest. The enemy did not relish the prospect of the
reception awaiting him on the coast of Kent and Sussex, and
the project was abandoned.
In 1801, France again fulminated the threat of invasion.
Again her armies approached the Channel ; the forces of
Britain were drawn to the coast ; and the camps of the two
great nations were in sight of each other on the opposite hills.
The Channel was covered with ships of war ; frequent conflicts
and bombardments were seen by the inhabitants of Dover,
assembled by thousands on the adjacent cliffs.

20 GUIDE TO DOVER.
When the scourge of war had ceased to rage on the
Continent, and the allied sovereigns had entered Paris, the
exiled monarch, Louis the Eighteenth, then residing in
England, was invited by the voice of the people to re-ascend
the French throne. On the 23rd of April, 1814, great prepara
tions were made at Dover to honour his Majesty on his return.
The military lined the streets from the entrance of the town to
the harbour ; a fleet was in the bay ; the Prince Regent
(George the Fourth), the Duke of Clarence (William the
Fourth), and several of the nobility entered the town in
the evening ; and soon after them the King of France, with a
train of French Princes and Royal Dukes, and the Duchess of
Angouleme. The batteries and the shouts of the multitude
gave them a hearty welcome. The departure took place on the
following day, the Prince Regent taking his station on the
north pier head, and remaining there till the royal squadron
had departed. After a passage of about three hours, Louis the
Eighteenth landed at Calais.
On the 6th of June, 1814, Dover again displayed a scene
of magnificence. The Emperor of Russia and the King of
Prussia, with a numerous train of the heroes who had signalized
themselves in the conflicts that terminated in the defeat and
abdication of the Emperor Napoleon, landed here. The
illustrious visitors crossed the Channel in the " Impregnable,"
commanded by the Duke of Clarence, at that time Lord High
Admiral ; and the landing took place on a platform below
Archcliff Fort.
A grand banquet was celebrated at Dover, by the Cinque
Ports, on the 30th August, 1839, in honour of their illustrious
Lord Warden, the Duke of Wellington. For this purpose a
magnificent pavilion, which cost ,£1,200, and covered a space
of 20,420 feet, was erected in the Priory Meadow, then stand
ing opposite the Town Hall, but now covered with buildings.
There were seats for 2,240 persons.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert (the late Prince Consort)
arrived at Dover on the 16th of February, 1840, four days prior
to his marriage with the Queen. The frank, handsome coun
tenance of the young Prince, and his agreeable demeanour,
bespoke for him a very favourable reception : and his Royal
Highness more than once afterwards expressed, on public occa
sions, the gratification which his reception at Dover occasioned
him. On the 14th of November, 1842, during her residence, at
Walmer Castle, Her Majesty and His Royal Highness the
Prince Consort visited Dover Castle and the town. They were
received with enthusiasm as they entered the ancient fortress.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 21
For the official reception the military officers were in attend
ance with the then Lieutenant-Governor, R. H. Jenkinson,
Esq., by whom the royal visitors were conducted to his noble
apartments, and afterwards attended during an inspection of
the principal objects of interest within the fortress.
In June, 1844, Queen Adelaide visited Dover en route to
Germany. In October, 1844, King Louis Phillippe visited
Dover for the last time.
On Monday, the 16th of August, 1855, the Emperor
Napoleon III. of France, accompanied by the Empress, arrived
in this country on a visit to the Queen, and landed at Dover.
No less than 50,000 persons assembled here to witness the
arrival. His Royal Highness Prince Albert received the
Emperor and Empress. The local authorities were honoured
with an audience shortly after the Emperor's arrival, when they
presented an address of congratulation, which was very gra
ciously received. The Emperor and Empress remained as the
Queen's guests until the Saturday following, when they em
barked at Dover on their return to their own dominions. The
Empress paid a second and private visit to England in i860,
landing at Dover.
On Friday, November 30th, 1855, His Majesty the King of
Sardinia landed at Dover also on a visit to the Queen.
On the 22nd of August, 1858, the Crown Prince of Prussia
landed at Dover on his visit to marry the Princess Royal of
England. August 31st, 1859, the Queen landed at Dover on her return
from Antwerp.
August 28th, 1861, Viscount Palmerston was installed Lord
Warden at the Cinque Ports. A fortuitous exhumation of the
old "Breden" or "kissing stone" at the "Drop" Redoubt sug
gested the site of ancient inauguration ; and on the time-
honoured spot the venerable premier was added to the list of
distinguished men who have accepted the wardenship of the
Ports. In June, 1861, the Monument between Camden Crescent and
Waterloo Crescent, referred to in our chapter upon Rambles in
and about Dover, was completed. It is a memorial by the
officers of the ist Battalion of the 60th Rifles to their comrades
who fell in the Indian Campaigns of 1857, 1858, 1859.
In August also of the same year (1861), the King of Sweden,
who had been on a visit to the Queen, embarked at Dover for
the Continent.
Saturday, July 6, 1867, the Viceroy of Egypt landed at Dover.
A week afterwards, viz., on July 12th, 1867, the Sultan ar
rived here, and was received with all the honours that official

2 2 GUIDE TO DOVER.
pageantry and royal salutes could give. After a stay of about
a fortnight in England, the Sultan re-embarked at Dover, on
his return to the East, July 23rd. His Majesty was attended
by the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge, Her
Majesty's yacht " Osborne" being in special readiness to convey
the Sultan and his suite across the Channel.
Prince Alfred has visited Dover on several occasions.
October 28th, 1867, he presented colours to the 13th at the
Fort Burgoyne Parade Ground, and inspected the Castle,
March 29th, 1869.
On May 18th, 1869, Dover was visited by the Prince and
Princess of Wales, who landed here on returning from their
tour to Egypt, the Turkish capital, and the Crimea.
The late Prince Imperial, who fell in the Zulu war, landed
at Dover, after the fall of Sedan, on Tuesday, the 6th Septem
ber, 1870, very little more than a month after his dramatic
" Baptism of fire."
The ex-Emperor Napoleon arrived in Dover on Monday,
March 20th, 1871, by the Belgian Government steamer, Comte
de Flandres, after being since the previous September a prisoner
of war in Germany. The Empress and the Prince Imperial
anxiously awaited the arrival of the Emperor, and when he
landed their greeting was very cordial. The Imperial party,
after remaining for a short time at the Lord Warden Hotel, left
by the South Eastern Railway for Chiselhurst.
The Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lome passed
through Dover on their departure for their wedding tour, on
Monday, April 3rd, 1871.
We may record the appointment, in 1870, of Archdeacon
Parry as suffragan Bishop of Dover. No suffragan bishops had
been previously appointed in England for more than 300 years.
Dr. Parry, who was much beloved in the diocese, died in the
Autumn of 1890, and was succeeded by Bishop Eden.
His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, K.G., &c, &c, was
resident at 24, Waterloo Crescent, from 1871 to 1S73, when his
regiment, the ist Battalion of the Rifle Brigade, formed part of
the garrison. On May ist, 1872, the birthday of the voung
Prince was celebrated. " From early morning the town and
shops were radiant with decorations, flays, and ornamental
devices, and at night brilliantly illuminated. Fireworks, on a
large scale, were let off on the Esplanade, the Castle being
illuminated with the magnesium light. The day's proceedings
commenced with a serenade by the band of the ist Battalion
Rifle Brigade, and part-songs sung bv a choir of townspeople.
Later in the day the Mayor, R. Dickeson, Esq., and the Cor
poration presented a congratulatory address. Three thousand

GUIDE TO DOVER. 23
school children went in procession to Waterloo Crescent and
sang the National Anthem. A grand ball was given at the
Apollonian Hall, which was attended by His Royal Highness
Prince Arthur and suite." The celebration was a credit to the
townspeople, who were delighted when the Mayor received
the following :
"Sir Howard Elphinstone presents his compliments to the
Mayor of Dover, and has had the honour to receive the Queen's
commands to express to the authorities and inhabitants of
Dover Her Majesty's gratification at the manner in which they
celebrated the anniversary of His Royal Highness Prince
Arthur's birthday."
The Shah of Persia landed at Dover on June 18th, 1873,
having been escorted by a portion of the fleet across the Chan
nel, and was received on landing by the Duke of Edinburgh.
The Emperor of Russia arrived on a visit to his daughter
the Duchess of Edinburgh, on the 13th of May, 1874. The
Emperor arrived at Dover at six o'clock in the evening, and
was received by the Prince of Wales, the Duchess of Edinburgh,
and the Duke of Cambridge. The meeting of the Czar with his
daughter was very affecting. An address was presented by the
Dover Corporation, and the distinguished party immediately
departed by special train for Windsor.
In August, 1875, Capt. Webb succeeded in swimming across
the Channel from Dover to Calais, having been in the water
twenty-one and three-quarter hours.
On the 1 ith of October, 1875, the Prince of Wales embarked
in the Castalia at Dover, en route for India. The Princess of
Wales accompanied His Royal Highness as far as Calais. The
embarkation took place at ten oclock in the evening, when the
whole of the Regiments in the Dover Garrison were marshalled
on the Pier as a Guard of Honour, and a large crowd of spec
tators assembled to witness the departure. The Duke of Cam
bridge, Lord and Lady Granville, Viscount Sydney, and other
distinguished personages were in attendance to wish His Royal
Highness God-speed.
The Empress of Germany arrived at Dover on the 3rd of
May, 1876, en route for Windsor, the whole of the troops in the
Garrison being on the Admiralty Pier as a Guard of Honour.
The King and Queen of Greece, having been on a short
visit to this country, embarked at Dover on the 22nd of July,
accompanied to this port by the Prince and Princess of
Wales. On June 14th, 1881, the Dover and Deal Railway was opened.
The formation of this line, which had been projected as early as
1846, was at length carried out at a cost of ,£200,000.

24

GUIDE TO DOVER.

On November ioth, 1881, General Sir F. Roberts, V.C.,
K.C.B., K.C.S.I., the commander in the 300 miles march from
Cabul to Candahar, landed and had a grand public reception at
Dover. During the year 1883, the projects for forming a large
harbour at Dover, which have for many years been before the
public, took a practical form. The Government, after an
enquiry by the Prison Commissioners, resolved to form a con
vict establishment at Dover ; to build a large prison on the
north-east of Dover Castle, and with the convicts' labour thus
available, together with a certain amount of free labour, to con
struct a large harbour at an estimated cost of ,£790,000, the
plan of which is practically the same, although a little smaller
than that given on the 33rd page of this work.
NEW TOWN HALL.

On July 14th, the new Town Hall and Municipal Buildings
were opened by the Duke and Duchess of Connaught. The
buildings are erected on the site of the Prison, which was itself
a modern structure, but having been abandoned in consequence

GUIDE TO DOVER. 25
of the provisions of the Prisons Act, 1878, the place of punish
ment was removed to make way for places of pleasure and
business. The contract for the new structure was taken by Mr. Stiff,
and the total cost, including furnishing and decoration, was
about .£19,000. The new hall and its appendages presents from
High Street and Ladywell an imposing appearance, suggestive
of strength and durability.
"This hall and buildings were added to the Maison Dieu
Hall by the Corporation. W. Burgess, A.R.A., architect.
Richard Dickeson, Mayor, 1880-1, 1882-3 ; John L. Bradley,
Mayor, 1881-2." On the side elevation facing Ladywell, there
are many features of striking architectural interest.
The building has sufficient capacity to seat one thousand on
the floor, and five hundred in the galleries. The chief feature
which presents itself is a fine bold gothic arch over the recess
occupied by the platform, and from that the attention is naturally
carried on to the striking features of the roof, which is a flat
panel with ornaments of various designs.
The opening ceremony, which was the occasion of a gala
day in the town, began at noon, when a royal salute announced
that the Duke and Duchess of Connaught had arrived at the
South-Eastern Railway Station. Preceded by a procession of
sixteen carriages, containing the distinguished visitors, the
Mayor and Corporation, and attended by an escort of cavalry,
their Royal Highnesses drove through the town, the route being
lined by infantry and thronged by spectators. The whole line
of route was elaborately decorated, and at intervals there were
triumphal arches. The procession went by way of Snargate
Street to the Market Place, up Castle Street, Maison Dieu
Road and Park Avenue to the centre of the Park, where the
ceremony of planting a tree, at the opening of the Park, was
performed by the Duchess of Connaught, with a silver spade
presented by the ladies of Dover. The procession re-formed
and passed through Park Street to the Town Hall, where a
large party sat down to luncheon, after which the Duke of
Connaught declared the Town Hall open. During the following
week the Mayor and Mayoress, Sir Richard and Lady Dickeson,
gave a ball in the Town Hall, to further celebrate the inaugura
tion. On July 14th, the same date that the new Town Hall was
opened, their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of
Connaught also opened the Public Park now called Connaught
Park. This place of public resort originated in the praise
worthy and philanthropic desire on the part of a number of
the leading townspeople of Dover, to provide a health-giving
promenade for the large and growing population of the town.

26 GUIDE TO DOVER.
The park is situated on a hillside commanding a fine view
of Dover, the surrounding hills and vales, as well as a fine
panorama of the Channel ; and while the distant prospect is
charming, art, ingenuity, and no little labour, have also trans
formed the hillside into a very pretty place.
On Easter-Monday, April 14th, 1884, there was a grand
Volunteer Review at Dover. The attacking force, numbering
some 5,000 men and 14 guns, commanded by Col. Davis, was
thrown into confusion by a counter attack from the defenders,
numbering some 4,000 men, under the command of Colonel
Goodenough, by which means the town of Dover was saved.
Major-Gen. Xewdigate was in supreme command, directing
the operations. At the termination of the manoeuvres, the
whole of the volunteers marched past the Commanding Officer.
The number of visitors and spectators present was estimated at
some 60,000.
On the 28th of August, 1885, the Empress of Austria,
travelling incognito, landed from a yacht at Deal, and walked
to Dover. The Duke and Duchess of Connaught arrived at Dover
from India on Sunday, June 14th, 1885.
On Saturday, July 25th, 1885, the Oxford University Eight
rowed from Dover to Calais in four hours and twenty minutes.
A whirlwind, which did considerable damage to houses and
farm buildings, occurred between Dover and Deal on the 14th
June, 1886.
A distinguished party of Colonial visitors were officially
received by the Mayor and Corporation on August 20th, 1886.
On June 21st, 1887, the Jubilee of the reign of Her Majesty
Queen Victoria was celebrated in Dover. In honour of the
same event, on the 23rd, there was a grand school children's
treat, the planting of a Jubilee Oak on Castle Hill, and a town
banquet ; and on the 24th, a gathering of the Ancient Court of
Brotherhood and Guestling of the Cinque Ports assembled in
the Maison Dieu Hall, under the presidency of the Lord
Warden, Earl Granville, and adopted an address of congratu
lation for presentation to the Queen. The new wing of Dover
Hospital was built by a subscription raised in honour of Queen
Victoria's Jubilee.
On March 29th, 1889, the Comtesse de Flanders and the
Princess Henrietta, both steamers of the Dover and Ostend
line, collided, when the first-named steamer was cut in two and
fifteen lives were lost.
The Rev. Canon Puckle, minister of St. Mary's Dover com
pleted the fiftieth year of his ministry at that church on the ->6th
of May, 1889, and 011 the following day, at a great meeting in

GUIDE TO DOVER. 27
the Town Hall, he was presented with a purse of .£1,200, and
an address of congratulation.
On July 3rd, 1889, Major Dickson died. He had been
Member of Parliament for Dover 26 years.
A sham naval and military attack on Dover of a very inter
esting description, took place on May 27th, 1890.
On 26th April, 1890, the celebrated African traveller, Mr.
H. M. Stanley, landed at Dover, and was officially received by
the Mayor and Corporation on his return from the relief of
Emin Pasha.
On Easter-Monday, March 30th, 1891, the Volunteer Review
at Dover passed off most successfully. The manoeuvres for the
attack and defence of Dover were carried out in a very spirited
manner, after which the march past of the various corps, num
bering in all over 10,000 men, formed a most imposing spectacle.
His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, having watched
the proceedings throughout with the keenest interest, expressed
himself as much pleased with the appearance of the troops and
the efficient manner in which the arrangements were carried out.
There have been various proposals to provide Dover with a
deep-water harbour of a medium size that would meet the present
and prospective requirements of the Port, and also give the
required facilities for the continental passenger traffic, including
a convenient Water Station in conjunction with the two rail
ways. A bill has been, as we go to press with this edition,
passed through Parliament, which confers on the Dover Har
bour Board the requisite power to carry out the work. The
plan provides that a pier shall be thrown out from the Esplanade
near the Clock Tower, 2,740 feet in length, the first 1,650 feet
running S.E., and the last 1,090 feet S.W. On the other side,
580 feet is to be added to the end of the Admiralty Pier, so that
the extended part of that pier will a little cover the end of the
Eastern Pier, leaving an entrance from the east. These piers
will enclose an area of about 70 acres of deep water, deep
enough to receive the largest ships that float at any state of the
tide. On the inner side of this new harbour there will be a
landing-stage and two parallel jetties, 420 feet long, alongside
which the steamers of the Channel passenger service will
embark and discharge passengers. The advantage of this
modification of the harbour originally designed, is that it will
leave the bay intact, and at the same time provide all the
accommodation ever likely to be required at Dover. The
Eastern Pier will also form a fine promenade, easy of access to
the promenaders on the sea front.
There has also been a company formed to construct a
Promenade Pier in the upper part of the bay, and although

28 GUIDE TO DOVER.
there has been some delay in the preliminary arrangements, it
is stated that the directors now intend carrying out the work,
and that the first pile will be soon driven.
Another important and much needed improvement which is
now in hand is the provision of a large Central Post Office for
Dover. With that object, Her Majesty's Government have
purchased the Flying Horse Hotel in King Street, an historic
structure several centuries old, which is said to have been the
identical house in which Dawkes and his companions planned
their successful attack on Dover Castle, just before the time of
the Commonwealth. The building will be taken down, and a
structure that will afford accommodation for the various branches
of postal and telegraph work, erected on a scale that will ensure
public utility, and an architectural feature worthy of the first of
the Cinque Ports.

GUIDE TO DOVER 29

Kfjt harbour.

At what period of our history the ancient haven which flowed
in between the hills at Dover became filled up with sand and
the descending soil from the hills, or what depth of water it
might contain, cannot be accurately ascertained.
The first historical notice we have of the haven is by Julius
Cassar, who, B.C. 55, appeared with his hostile fleet before it.
In a.d. 70, we find King Arviragus endeavouring to block up
its ingress, to prevent the entrance of the Roman navy. About
130 years from this period (A.D. 200), the town wall is found to
occupy a part of its ancient site on the western side of the
valley ; and at the expiration of '500 years more (a.d. 700),
another wall is extended, by Widred, King of Kent, across its
entrance, from the town to the Castle Cliff, leaving an egress
near St. James' Church. The Doomsday Book, at the end of
the next 387 years (A.D. 1087), speaks of a mill that agitated the
water at its mouth, and it probably then occupied a narrow
space on its entrance to the valley. At the expiration of the next
413 years, we find the harbour in a decayed state, at the lower
part of Woolcomber Street. During this period it enjoyed
special privileges, and was the only allowed port of passage ;
but no documents remain to point out its localities, or the
various changes that must have taken place in it. About the
year 1500, Henry VII. removed the site of the harbour to a

30 GUIDE TO DOVER.
point under Archcliff Fort ; and Henry VIIL extended a mighty
pier, which cost him ,£63,000, from the cliff under this fort, 131
rods eastward into the sea, or about 20 rods farther than the
present pier-heads. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth expended
large sums in repairing its works, and King James I., by charter
in 1606, committed the management of it to a body called " The
Warden and Assistants of Dover Harbour," consisting of the
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, the Lieutenant-Governor of
Dover Castle, the Mayor of Dover, and eight assistants selected
from the public men of East Kent. That body — which, with
the exception of the ex-ojjlcio members was co-optive — con
trolled the destinies of the harbour 253 years, from 1606 till
1861, when the present Harbour Board was constituted.
During that period the Commissioners had a large income
from Passing Tolls, and much money was from time to time
spent in improving the interior accommodation, as well as in
attempts to prevent the formation of a bar at the haven's
mouth. The last works for that object were carried out in
1838, and in 1S44 it was determined to enlarge the outer or
entrance harbour. Alterations at the Union Bridge were com
menced in June, i860, and embrace an iron swing bridge,
similar to the " Wellington," but of lighter construction ; a pair
of timber gates, and three landing stairs — one on the southern
side, and two on the town side of the bridge. In 1862, this
bridge was formally opened by Viscount Palmerston, Lord
Warden of the Cinque Ports ; and from the noble Viscount it
took its name as the " Palmerston " Bridge.
An improvement of an important character has more recently
been completed in the inner harbour. The dock gates in the
Crosswall have been removed, and placed in a more convenient
position, and a safe and handsome foot bridge has been thrown
across for the accommodation of the public. The inner basin,
now called the "Granville" Dock, has been deepened; and a
corresponding channel in the outer harbour cleared to admit
vessels of larger draught than could previously enter. In
making these improvements Custom House Quay has been
extended, and Palmerston Bridge above mentioned removed •
giving much additional space for loading and unloadmq mer
chandise. The work was commenced in the sprint of" 1S71.
and the new dock was opened by Earl Granville, the late Lord
Warden of the Cinque Ports, on the 6th of July, 1S74, the work
having been carried out by Messrs. Lee and Sons (contractors
for the Admiralty Pier), at a cost of about .£60,000. The har
bour now consists of the Wellington Floating Dock (formerly
called the " Pent " occupying 1 1 yi acres ; the Granville Floating
Dock, nearly 4 acres ; and the outer tidal harbour of about -¦ <*

GUIDE TO DOVER. 3 1
acres. In 1879 further improvements were made on the Com
mercial Quay by the removal of the Union Tavern and the
adjoining blocks of houses, giving additional quay room and a
wider public thoroughfare.
As Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Governor of
Dover Castle, the late Duke of Wellington stood foremost
among the great men to whom the trust had been confided.
In his hands those offices were not suffered to become sine
cures ; and in anxiety and effort to promote the interests of the
town and port, no predecessor surpassed him. On the death
of Lord Liverpool, the Duke of Wellington was chosen his
successor in the Wardenship of the Cinque Ports, and as
Governor of Dover Castle, his Grace's appointment dating
January 20th, 1829. As first Commissioner of Dover Harbour,
whatever seat at the board might be vacant, it was not that of
the Duke of Wellington ; the call to duty ever found him at his
post, and to his influence at the board much of the improvement
connected with the port may be attributed ; and members of
the Fellowship of Cinque Ports (now Trinity House) Pilots will
long remember with pleasure the great man's presidency at the
Court of Loadmanage. On the death of his Grace, the Marquis
of Dalhousie (then Governor-General of India) was appointed
as his successor in the Governorship of the Castle and the
Wardenship of the Ports. On the demise of this nobleman,
Viscount Palmerston, at that time Premier, succeeded him in
the offices named, and was installed, on the Heights, in August,
1861. The death of Lord Palmerston left the Wardenship
vacant, and Lord Granville was appointed, and in his discharge
of the duties of his high office, and in fostering local interests
generally, proved himself a worthy successor of the great men
who preceded him. The death of Lord Granville left the War
denship vacant, and in May, 1891, the Queen was pleased to
approve the appointment of the Right Hon. W. H. Smith, M.P.,
to be Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover
Castle, in the room of the late Lord Granville, K.G.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

€\}t ^omtraltg $ter anU $roposeto
harbour of ftefuge.
Few features among the many objects of attraction in Dover
are regarded with more interest, by either residents or visitors
than this stupendous structure, and none surpass it in import
ance, locally or nationally.
The total length of the piers of the entire harbour as
originally proposed (according to the plan annexed) was over
two miles, enclosing a water space of 700 acres, a great portion
of which was to be available for the largest ships of the British
navy, there not being a rock, shoal, or sandbank within the
whole area. The principal entrance was to be on the south
face, 700 feet in width — nearly as long as Waterloo Crescent ;
and although the plan exhibits three entrances, only two were
decided upon. The first instalment of this great work, the
Admiralty Pier, commenced in October, 1847, under the super
intendence of Edward Druce, Esq., C.E., the contract having
been taken by Messrs. Lee and Sons. The massive structure,
700 yards in length, is now completed, and in a large turret, in
a fort at the end, are fixed two eighty-one ton guns, which have
been successfully tested with full battering charges of 45olbs.
of gunpowder, and the same weight projectile.
In consequence of a commission of enquiry instituted after
the commencement of the Admiralty Pier, it was decided not
then to proceed with the other piers and breakwaters, which
were intended to enclose the whole bay as shown on page ^3-
but after repeated enquiries and surveys, the Government are
likely to carry out the work on nearly the same lines as was
originally intended.
It remains to notice the uses and advantages to which the
present pier is and can be turned. To visitors it is a most
delightful place for recreation, and an interesting work. On
the west side there is a promenade extending the entire length
of the pier, unequalled in the kingdom as a marine promenade.
Commercially, it provides a safe landing-place at all times of
tide, and renders the present harbour serviceable, which,
before the pier was commenced, was always being stopped up
by the shingle just when it was most wanted as aVefuge ; and,
nationally, it has been found of great service for the following

From Photograph by Martin Jacolette.

THE ADMIRALTY PIEF.

oa
3 w
HOao
<
w

PLAN OF THE HARBOUR OF REFUGE AS ORIGINALLY PROPOSED.

34 GUIDE TO DOVER.
purposes :— The Indian, Australian, and Continental mails,
with all the passenger traffic, find a safe and certain landing-
place, and a convenient point of embarkation ; troops and
baggage are landed and embarked with the greatest ease in the
largest transports, at a saving of time, discomfort, and expense ;
and lastly, the principle has been established that the pier may
subserve the purposes of defence, especially in reference to
any invading force. The steam packets leave the Admiralty
Pier, for Calais at 10-20 a.m. and 10-15 p.m., and for Ostend at
noon, and at 7-30 p.m. and 10-15 p.m. The steam packet from
Calais arrives at Dover about 3 p.m. and 5 p.m., — according to
the weather. The upper promenade is at this part of the
day a favourite resort. The great storm which occurred on
New Year's Day, 1877, did great damage to this Pier. Blocks
of stone, weighing more than fifty tons were lifted by the force
of the sea, and the massive wall forming the parapet for a
distance of about 300 yards was clearly swept away. During
the same year the House of Commons voted ,£1,200 for the
temporary repair of the Pier, and since then the repairs have
been effectively completed.
TRINITY PILOTS' WATCH HOUSE.
The site of the Old Watch House of the Cinque Ports
Pilots being required in 1847 for the Lord Warden Hotel, the
present Pilot Tower was built for the Fellowship. Its position
for the important duty for which it was erected is peculiarly
eligible, and its internal fittings are in consonance with the
character of its object — that of a look-out or watch-house for
vessels passing up to the Thames.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

35

W&t Castle.

According to the following regulations, visitors to the Castle
are admitted between sunrise and sunset, either by the Con
stable's Tower or the Canon's Gate, and are allowed to go to
the Church, the Keep, Armoury, or as far as Queen Elizabeth's
Pocket Pistol. Visitors are excluded from the top of the Keep,
the Roman (except Caesar's) Battery, and the road and rampart
from the archway at commencement of Spur Casemates round
to Queen Elizabeth's Pocket Pistol.
Visitors to the Western Heights are permitted to pass either
way by the North and South Military Roads between sunrise
and sunset, but are excluded from all other portions of the
Heights. The Shaft, Citadel, Drop Redoubt, and Fort Bur-
goyne, are closed to all persons other than military, except the
authorised tradesmen and persons having bona-fide business.

36

GUIDE TO DOVER.

PLATE I.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 37
THE FORTIFICATIONS.
The _ pharos, watch-tower, or light-house in the Roman
Castle, is supposed to have been built during the lieutenancy
of Aulus Plautius and Ostorius Scapula, the latter of whom left
Britain A.D. 53.
It is stated (although the whole is considered by some to be
Norman work), that the Saxons extended the groundwork of
the Romans towards the west (Plate I.), and subsequently
included a great part of it within their masonry (Plate II.)
Their walls and fortresses were defended by more than twenty
towers, the names of which, and the numbers corresponding
with their site on the plans, are as follows : — Godwin's Tower
(Plate II., I.), demolished ; Colton-gate and Tower (4) ; Clinton
(Plate IV., 66), Valence (67), and Mortimer (68) Towers, on
the exterior of the Roman fosse. These three last are
demolished. Within Colton-gate stood Harcourt Tower (Plate II., 8),
Well Tower and Gate (9), the Armourer's Tower (10), and King
Arthur's or North-gate (11). The last entered an area before
the entrance into the citadel. All were destroyed about the
year 1797.
Duke of Suffolk's Tower and Palace-gate (Plate III., 12, 13.)
This gate led to the citadel, and was secured with a portcullis.
On the south-eastern side of the keep-yard were the Old
Arsenal (14), the King's Kitchen and Office (15, 16), and on the
north-eastern side, King Arthur's Hall (18, 18, 18).
The King's-gate and Bridge (19) entered from the north
west into a strongly-defended outwork before the Inner-gate
(21), which was defended with a portcullis. On the south-west
side of the Keep-yard were two towers, called Magminot's
Towers (20, 22), and another called Gore's Tower (23) ; and
just within Palace-gate stood Arthur's Lesser Hall, or
Gueniver's Chamber (24), which was used as a store-room by
Henry VIIL, when residing in the Castle with Anne Boleyn.
The Keep (25) stands in the middle of the yard, and will be
noticed again.
From Palace-gate (12, 13), a concealed passage led to
Peverel Tower and Gate (Plate IV., 56). This was an entrance
into the Lower Court. The next tower in the wall to the
north-west, is Porth, Gostling, or Queen Mary's Tower (37) ;
and the next is Fienes, Newgate, or Constable's Tower (38).
Passing round the sweep, the next towers are Clopton's
(39), Godsfoy's (40), CrevequeVs (41), and Magminot's (42, 43,
51, 52). St. John's Tower (42) stands in the fosse, and a

38

GUIDE TO DOVER.

PLATE II.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

39

PLATE III.

40 GUIDE TO DOVER.
souterrain passes through it under Magminot's Towers- from
the vallum (p) to the Spur (46), and opens in three branches
(45, 47, 48). Beyond Magminot's Towers is Fitzwilham's, a
souterrain from which opened in the north meadow ; and
farther on are two watch towers (57, 58). Albrinci's, or
Averanche's Tower (60), stands in an angle of the wall, and is
a fine and perfect specimen of Norman architecture. It was
furnished with platforms, galleries, and loopholes for the
archers, and machines for pouring down hot water, burning
sand, or melted lead on the assailants. The Yeville or Pin-
cester Tower (b), and the Eshetisfordian or Ashford Tower
and Gate (61, 62) completed the circuit of the fortress ; and a
wall, now demolished, formed a junction thence to Godwin's
Tower (1). THE NORMAN FORTIFICAT.ONS.
After the decisive battle of Hastings, the Conqueror
besieged and took Dover Castle, beheaded the Governor,
Bertram de Ashburnham, and appointed his half brother, Odo,
Bishop of Bayeux, to succeed him. On the disgrace of the
Bishop, John de Fienes, who was also related to the Conqueror,
was appointed Constable of the Castle and Warden of the
Cinque Ports. The King gave him 171 knights' fees; and
with some of these he engaged eight knights, who were com
pelled, by the conditions of their tenures, to build or repair
certain towers, and to garrison them with their military tenants.
The Constable and his knights enclosed the space of
ground between the precipice and the Roman and Saxon
fortresses. They constructed a wall from the Ashford-gate
and Tower to the Cliff on the north-east ; and another from
Peverel-gate and Tower (Plate IV., 36) to the precipice on the
south-west. The first edifice in this wall, near the cliff, was
Canon, or Monk's-gate and Tower, with a drawbridge ; and to
the westward of it, the New Entrance and drawbridge were
constructed in 1797. The next is Rokesley's Tower (3i\ and
then Fulbert de Dover's, which for many years was used as a
debtors' prison. The next in succession are Hirst (33), Arsick
or Say (34), and Gatton (35) ; and the next is Peverel's Tower
and Gate, which, as before stated, entered the Saxon fortress.
This and the other towers in succession round to the Ashford
Tower, were either rebuilt or repaired by the Normans.
The most interesting of the present towers, with the
exception of the pharos and church, are the Keep, the
Constable's Tower and Gate, Colton Tower and Gate, and
Peverel's Tower and Gate.

the
R O MAN SAX O JST ana NOR
CFICATIOET

42

This is the key of the complex fortress into which the Castle
was expanded by Norman hands, and it has always been an
attractive feature to visitors. From known examples of similar
works of defence of the same period, its erection is conjectured
to have been simultaneous with that of the other portions of
Norman work attributed to John de Fienes and the confederated
knights ; but as some additions are recorded to have been made
by the first of the Plantagenets (Henry II. \ the foundation has
been ascribed to that monarch, and 1155 named as its date.
The purpose of its construction admits of no question — use, and
not ornament ; and use, as a local writer observes, " of a stem
character, when strong walls and stout-hearted loyalty were
elements of impregnability." Externally, the Keep may be
simply described as a massive and nearly square stone-built
edifice. Its walls are 24 feet thick, and it rises to a height of
91 feet from the level of the yard, and 465 feet above the level
of the sea. Before entering the building visitors are introduced
to a small guard-room on the right of the vestibule, which was
a look-out spot for visitors approaching the massive pile in less
peaceful days than our own.
The Castle Oratory is one of the most interesting features
in the Keep. On entering the Keep we at once ascend the
"grand staircase" to the upper or second floor. It will be
noticed that the galleries for concealed archers and spearmen
have disappeared. At the top of the stairs, by a passage in the
wall on the left, the Royal Apartments are entered ; and on the
left of this passage, by a gallery in the wall, the well Harold is

GUIDE TO DOVER 43
THE CHAPEL, OR CASTLE ORATORY.

said to have stipulated to deliver to the Norman Conqueror
is situated. In the south-west wall of this floor there is a gallery
pointed out as the bed-chamber of Charles II.
Descending the grand staircase, the second floor is reached
through a small ante-room used for stores. The armoury is an
interesting collection. Lances that did duty at the Crimea are
there, and tattered flags which signalled for the brave attack
upon the Redan. In the northern angle of this second storey a
small room is pointed out as the prison-chamber of Prince
Edward, son of Henry III., and of his cousin Guy de Montford,
who bribed his keeper and escaped. The division of the ground
floor on the south-west side is used solely as a magazine of the
War Department, and in this division may be seen, in its
original state, a Norman loop-hole, with its ascending steps and
arched roof. This is an interesting relic, and never fails to
attract the attention both of the antiquarian and general visitor.
It is the only loop-hole on the floor retaining its original form.
The central division is also occupied as a magazine ; but that
on the north-east is only partially thus appropriated, while its
remaining portion is occupied by two reservoirs, from which the
Castle garrison is supplied with water pumped by steam power
from the old well near Colton-gate, and which reservoirs extend
beneath the vestibule and King John's Chapel, and were for
merly the dungeons said to have been enclosed with, a wall by
Henry II.
The summit of the Keep is reached by a circular stone stair
case in the south angle of the building. The doorway opens

44

GUIDE TO DOVER.

upon the Keep-yard. The Keep was- roofed with bomb-proof
arches in 1800 ; and more recently, 8-inch 68-pounders of long
range, on traversing platforms, replaced the less modem ord
nance previously mounted here.
COLTON TOWER AND GATE.

These structures, the ruins of which still remain, formed the
south-eastern entrance into the fortress. Their present form is
attributed to Lord de Grey, Constable about the middle of the
twelfth centujy. Lord Burghersh had the command of this
tower in the reigTi of Edward III., and his arms, a lion rampant,
double tailed, remain in front on a stone shield (Plate III., 4).
PEVEREL'S TOWER AND GATE

GUIDE TO DOVER.

45

Formed another entrance at the south-western angle of the wall,
and was constructed for defensive warfare on every side, having
an arched gateway and drawbridge (Plate IV., 36).
FIENES, NEWGATE, OR CONSTABLE'S TOWER.
John de Fienes, on being placed at the head of the
associated knights, and appointed Constable of the Castle by
his relative, the Conqueror, erected this noble gateway (38).
The grooves are still visible. The gates at the entrance were
guarded by two portcullises ; and the bridge, when drawn up
in the recess, formed a complete defence. Embattled towers
on each side of the gates commanded the ascent of the hill, and
the passage to the bridge. A souterrain, cut in the solid rock,
entered beneath the bridge, and passed under the Saxon
vallum into the interior ditch.
Great alterations have taken place in this tower ; the
present fire-places, both in the hall and in the gallery, were
constructed in 1580.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Clarence
(King William IV. and Queen Adelaide) resided in this tower
during part of the year 18 19.
Beneath the noble apartments of this tower, in a small
room on the side of the arched gateway, were deposited the
ancient records, of the Castle, and among them the copy of
Magna Charta, signed by John and the Barons of Runnymede.
It was removed by Sir Edward Dering about 1630. He was,
at that time, Lieutenant of the Castle ; and it once formed
part of the Surrenden Collection. Its presence at the Castle is
explained by the fact of Hubert de Burgh being John's
principal Commissioner at Runnymede, and created Chief
Justice of England on the day of the execution of the Charter,
and a fortnight afterwards Constable of Dover Castle.

Queen Elizabeth's Pocket Pistol.— Near the edge of
the cliff stands mounted this beautiful piece of brass ordnance,

46 GUIDE TO DOVER.
usually called Queen Elizabeth's Pocket Pistol, which was cast
at Utrecht, by James Tolkyns, A.D. 1544, and presented to
Henry VIIL, by the Emperor Charles V., while they were
engaged together in a war with France. It is 24 feet long, and
formerly had the reputation of carrying a twelve-pound ball to
the distance of seven miles. This very interesting curiosity is
adorned with a variety of rich and beautiful devices, typifying
the blessings of peace and the horrors of war, accompanied
by a representation of the Arms of England ; and on its
breech are the following lines of low Dutch : —
BREECK SCVRF.T AL MVER ENDE WAL
BIN IC GEHETEN
DOER BERCH EN DAL BOERT MIXEX BAL
VAN MI GESMETEX
And the literal meaning is as follows : — " To break down all
fortifications and walls am I commanded. Through hill and
dale bores my ball by me thrown."
The more popular translations are the following : —
O'er hill and dale I throw my ball.
Breaker, my name, of mound and wall.
And Load me well, and keep me clean,
I'll carry my ball to Calais Green.
The Author of the " Magna Britannia" gives it the name of
Basilisco. The most important modem work is the series of fortifica
tions, known as Fort Burgoyne, which stands to the north-west
of the Castle itself, on the high ground adjoining Castle Hill
Farm. The fortifications command the Castle and the
Heights. The fort includes good barrack accommodation ;
it overlooks, upon the east, the magnificent plateau upon which
the evolutions of the troops take place upon the occasions of
field-days or reviews.
Moafs Bulwark, under the Castle Cliff, was built by Henry
VIIL, and has a communication with the Castle by a circular
flight of steps, cut in the solid rock, which ascends to the surface
within the Castle wall. This battery was much improved in
1853. During the American war, about the year 1777, Guilford
Battery, adjoining Moat's Bulwark, was erected— remodelled
in 1853-4, the parapet much elevated, and 42-pounders, on
traversing platforms, substituted for the smaller ordnance
previously mounted

GUIDE TO DOVER. 47

Annals of tije ffiastle.
WILLIAM the Conqueror besieged and took the Castle in 1066.
Several of the inhabitants of Kent, disgusted with the tyranny
of the Conqueror, took advantage of his visit to Normandy in
1067, and concerted measures with Eustace, Earl of Boulogne,
to take Dover Castle by surprise. The Earl landed in the
night, and found the confederates ready. They endeavoured to
scale the walls from the open space of ground (not then
enclosed) between the Roman fortress and the cliff; but by a
furious sally from the garrison they were repulsed, and many
were slain or hurled from the precipice.
In 1 138, says Robert Montensis, Queen Matilda, the wife of
King Stephen, besieged the Castle of Dover, and took it from
the partizans of the Empress Maud, who was the legitimate
heiress to the Crown.
Louis, the Dauphin of France, besieged Dover Castle from
June till December, in 1216. All his assaults were bravely
repulsed, with severe loss, by the famous Hubert de Burgh. In
the following spring the Dauphin besieged the Castle a second
time ; but the brave Hubert had so strengthened the defences
that the French could make no impression on them.
After the battle of Lewes, in which King Henry III. was
defeated by the Barons, in 1264, his son, Prince Edward, and a
numerous 'host of prisoners, were confined in Dover Castle.
The Prince was liberated in 1265 ; and in 1266, the other
prisoners, says Holinshed, rose upon the keepers and took
possession of the great tower. Prince Edward raised an army
and marched to Dover. He besieged the Castle ; and by the
assistance of his friends in the great tower, very soon obtained
possession of it.
Many of our Sovereigns made this Castle a temporary
residence till the time of Charles I., who received in it the
Princess Henrietta of France on the day of their nuptials.
On the 21st of August, 1642, during the great rebellion, the
Castle was wrested from its lawful sovereign by the Parlia
mentary partizans, under the guidance of a merchant of Dover,
whose name was Dawkes, usually called Drake. The precipice
was scaled in the night, the sentinels secured, the gates thrown
open, and the garrison so completely alarmed that they instantly

48 GUIDE TO DOVER.
surrendered. The loyalists endeavoured to retake it in 1648,
but they were dispersed by a superior force sent against them
by the Parliament.
The views from the walls are truly romantic. Those from
the western battlements spread over fertile valleys, down one of
which descend the River Dour and the main road from London.
Other valleys branch off to the west, and are intersected by
lofty hills. From the turrets of the Keep the prospects are
grand and beautiful, and include the North Foreland, the Isle
of Thanet, Ramsgate, Reculver, Sandwich, the Downs, Calais,
and the French coast from Boulogne to Gravelines.
Fronting the battlements on the south-west, at a distance of
1,100 yards, the Western Heights raise their fortified crest
higher than the most elevated pinnacle of the Castle.
With respect to the Castle generally, it may be remarked that
for several years past, extensive additions, repairs, and altera
tions have been made. The bridges at the entrances from the
outworks and to the Keep are new, and of so simple a construc
tion that a few seconds suffice either to lower or raise them.
The external walls and the towers have also engaged attention,
in the provision made for mounting fresh ordnance and sus
taining a vigorous fire of musketry. Increased barrack accom
modation has also been supplied, especially in the re-adaptation
of the casemates overlooking East Cliff, which were first occu
pied by the British Swiss Legion, in 1856. It is calculated that
accommodation for 2,000 men is found in the casemates alone :
but there is also very extensive barrack accommodation in the
underground works, with which the rock on which the Castle
stands is literally honeycombed.
The question of connecting the Castle and the Western
Heights by a line of ditch and rampart was considered by a
Royal Commission, who (in May, i860) reported as follows: —
" Such an addition would be a great improvement to the
defences of Dover, but we are precluded from recommending
it by the large amount of house property which it would be
necessary to purchase, at a great cost, before such a project
could be carried into effect. Plans for connecting lines might,
however, be prepared beforehand, and left for execution to a
time of expected attack."
The most conspicuous modem attraction within the Castle
walls, in an architectural point, is the vast edifice known as the
Officers' New Barracks. The first brick was laid December
24th, 1856, and the works were completed June 30th, 1858.
The cost was about £"50,000. The barracks were built for the
accommodation of 45 officers, including a mess establishment,
stabling for 12 horses, with coach-house, &c, the whole length

w
H<:ow

GUIDE TO DOVER. 49
of the front being 383 feet. The building is faced with rag-
stone, laid at random ; and the whole of the window and door
dressings, the labials, copings, quoins, chimneys, &c, are of
Bath stone.
In 1883 an important addition was made to Constable's
Tower, the existing apartments being supplemented by a new
structure, which has been kept as much as possible in character
with the ancient work, and this historic spot is to be in future
the residence of the General commanding- the South Eastern
District.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

ftfje ^etgftts anH CttaUel.
The lofty eminence known as the Western Heights is more
elevated than the Castle, and its batteries not only command
the town and harbour, but also the approaches from the sur
rounding country. As a military position, its formation has
involved an immense expenditure, especially during the eleven
years preceding the general peace of 1814 ; and as a fortification,
it embraces all the appliances of modern warfare, with resources,
offensive and defensive, that attach to it a high degree of import
ance as a bulwark of our sea-girt isle.
Near the margin of the cliff that rises almost perpendicularly
from Snargate Street are the ranges of commodious buildings
known as the Heights Barracks, which communicate with the
town by means of a military shaft, the entrance to which from
the lower part of Snargate Street, is through an arched passage.
At its extremity three spiral flights, of 140 steps each, wind
round a large shaft, open at the top to admit light ; and 59
more, making a total of 199 steps, reach the barrack yard. In
1850-56, a sum of ,£60,000 was voted for the erection of addi
tional barracks ; but as no available site could be found, it was
determined to extend the then existing accommodation — and
the result is seen in the enlargement of the present quarters ;
while the officers' mess establishment was entirely reconstructed.
In 1859, the requirement of an increased garrison led to the
removal of the small guard-room at the entrance to the shaft,
and the erection of buildings commensurate with the numerical
strength of the troops quartered on the Heights.
On the hill above the barracks, and surrounded by a deep
ditch or fosse, is the Drop Redoubt, from which the mid-day
gun is fired. The gun registers 12 o'clock at Greenwich, the
communication being by telegraph. A little further westward
a new work, named St. Martin's Batter)', is armed with heavy
guns which command the Admiralty Pier and the Harbour.
Entrance may be gained to the Western Heights from the
shaft in Snargate Street, the South Front near Archcliff Fort,
or by the drawbridge at the summit of Military Road.
On the road towards the married soldiers' quarters on the
Heights, from the gun shed, are the remains of a rare relic of
antiquity,

row £/«£.

From Photograph by Martin Jacolette.

SHAKESPEARE'S CLIFF.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS' CHURCH,

51

the existence of which was long questioned, until the discovery
in 1806 removed all doubt upon the matter ; and this memorial
of the past is regarded by many as one of the richest that Dover
possesses. The remains consist of a circular foundation of nave,
32 feet in diameter, with a sacrarium eastward, 24 feet by 20
feet. The building is supposed to have been erected at the end
of the twelfth century ; and as there were but five or six (Leland
says three) of these churches built in England, it is one of those
relics to which a more than ordinary interest is attached. It is
a mere ground plan ; but it was carefully laid open under the
joint care of Canon Puckle and Colonel Grant, R.A., many
years ago, and enclosed with a strong palisade. Though the
ruins are not very striking as regards their magnitude, sufficient
exist to show that it was once an elegant edifice. In the recorded
proceedings of the Archaeological Institute, the following appears:
" Colonel Grant sent a short notice of the remains of a round
church which he had laid open on the Western Heights at
Dover, and which had doubtless been connected with the Pre-
ceptory of the Templars mentioned by Leland and others. The
site was discovered in 1806, but had been imperfectly examined,
and had become again concealed, and almost forgotten."
On the ridge of the plateau, to the south-west of the Redoubt,
is the Citadel, defended by deep ditches and numerous flanking
and masked batteries, besides those that surmount the parapet.
Lines of communication and subterraneous excavations connect
every part of these extensive fortifications, which are sufficiently
capacious to enclose a numerous army. The works include a
provision for the supply of water (by steam power) to the whole
of the Western Heights and to Archcliff Fort.
ARCHCLIFF FORT,
At the south-western extremity of the town, was built by Henry
VIIL A tunnel of the South-Eastem railway passes under it.
It forms the head quarters of the Royal Engineers at Dover.
At a short distance from Archcliff Fort, on the left of the
road leading to the military hospital, are the quarters for the
permanent staff and stores of the Kent Artillery Militia. They
were erected in 1858.

E 2

5=

GUIDE TO DOVER.

paces of Interest in ant afoout Sober.

SHAKESPEARE'S CLIFF.

To the westward of the town, and separated from the Heights
by a deep valley, rises the lofty and majestic head of Shakes
peare's Cliff, 350 feet above the surge that laves its sea-wom
base. Under the head of "Rambles in and about Dover"
(page 6), will be found the best means of reaching it. Its
altitude has often been reduced by falls of cliff seaward, and
therefore we may say that in Shakespeare's time its summit was
considerably higher than at present.
Shakespeare, in his tragedy of " King Lear," describes this
towering precipice in the following lines : —
" Come on, sir ; here's the place : stand still. How fearful
And dizzy 'tis, to cast one's eyes so low !
The crows and choughs that wing the midway air
Show scarce so large as beetles ; half way down
Hangs one that gathers samphire — dreadful trade !
Methinks he looks no bigger than his head !
The fishermen that walk upon the beach
Appear like mice ; and yon tall anchoring bark,
Diminished to her cock, her cock, a buoj-
Almost too small for sight. The murmuring sui-qc
That on the unnumbr'd pebbles chafes,
Cannot be heard so high. I'll look no more,
Lest my brain turn, and the deficient sight
Topple down headlong."

GUIDE TO DOVER.

53

*MAISON DIEU HALL.

ill

m

i

The Hospital of the Maison Dieu, or House of God, was erected
by Hubert de Burgh, probably at the end of the reign of King
John, or at the beginning of that of his son, for the exact date
has not yet been discovered, to supply a temporary accommo
dation to such pilgrims as might be passing by it. A master
and several brethren and sisters were placed in it, and enjoined
to dispense hospitality to strangers. Several lands and rents
were given to this hospital by Simon de Wardune, which were
confirmed by Henry III., who granted to the Society the tithe
of the passage and ;£io a year out of the rents of the port. It
also possessed large revenues arising from numerous manors,
houses, mills, and other property ; and was visited by several
royal and noble personages. It appears by the Valor Ecclesi-
asticus of Henry VIIL, that yearly alms were continued in this
hospital for the souls of King Henry III., Hubert de Burgh,
and his daughter. It was suppressed in 1535, and afterwards
used as a victualling department of the Royal Navy. It is not
improbable that the present great hall of the Maison Dieu was
the hall which was added on the south side of Hubert de Burgh's
building in the reign of Edward I.
After its purchase by the Corporation in 1834, and the
appropriation of sundry apartments for judicial purposes, &c,
*The above illustration shows also the Prison, now removed to make room for
-the new Town Hall, described on page 24.

54 GUIDE TO DOVER.
the restoration of the great hall suggested itself as most
desirable, and there was an attempt to accomplish the task by
voluntary effort, by opening a subscription list in 1837 ; but
nearly twenty years passed without a result that justified even
the commencement of the work of restoration. Ultimately,
the sympathies of a number of the residents were aroused to
more energetic action ; and the three windows nearest to the
eastern angle of the building, the raised stone platform at the
end, and the new entrance, stand as a record of their labours.
On the completion of this portion of the work, towards which
the Council voted ,£100, the promoters urged upon the local
authorities the general feeling of the inhabitants that the
restoration should be the town's work ; and the Town Council,
in 1859, determined upon completing the restoration of the
hall, in accordance with plans previously prepared by Mr. E. J.
Poynter, an eminent architect of London, and entrusted its
execution to Mr. H. P. Mackenzie.
The restoration had nothing to do with the superb memorial
windows that embellish the great hall. For that over the
entrance, the town Ls indebted to the munificence of Mrs.
Bell, formerly of the Maison Dieu House, in 1858, to the
memory of her cousin, W. Kingsford, Esq. The window,
the stonework of which is in the early decorated style, consists
of five principal lights, with, above them, tracery forming four
large trefoils within a circle, flanked by two elongated quatre
foils, with five smaller trefoils beneath the whole, and im
mediately over the lights first spoken of. Each principal light
contains, under a crocketed and highly ornamented canopy, a
full length figure of the founder and four principal benefactors
of the hospital ; and beneath those figures are their names and
respective armorial bearings, upon a rich diaper ground. The
centre figure is that of Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent. Lord
Chief Justice of England, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports,
and Constable of Dover Castle, the founder of the Maison
Dieu, who is depicted in a suit of chain mail, covered with a
surcoat emblazoned with his armorial bearings, gules, ;
lozenges, vair 3.3 and one. He holds in his right hand a scroll .
with a seal pendant, as typical of his gift, and his left hand
rests on his palvis or shield, also charged with his coat of amis.
On his right are the figures of Kings Henry III. and Richard
IL, and on his left those of Henry VI. and Richard III., the
whole being copied from existing, but ancient, tombs and
paintings. Thus Henry III. is from his tomb at Westminster
Abbey, and from a painting on the stalls near the altar in that
edifice ; while that of Richard II. is taken from the well-
known painting of that monarch in the Jersualem Chamber, at

GUIDE TO DOVER. 55
Westminster. The upper part of each light above the canopies
is also filled with rich diaper work, and at the back of each
canopy is a representation of a building, indicating that the
person above whom it is placed contributed to the edifice or its
revenues. The smaller trefoils directly over each king are
charged with his badge, namely, the planta genista, or broom,
over Henry III., the white hart over Richard II., the two
ostrich feathers in saltier over Henry VI., and the angel and
white rose over Richard III. ; while the centre trefoil, which is
smaller than the others, contains a water bouget, the crest of
the De Burghs. The four large trefoils within a circle contain
respectively the arms of the present Sovereign, the arms of the
Cinque Ports, and representations of the great corporation
seals — the one illustrating the legend of St. Martin, (the tutelar
saint of Dover), dividing his cloak with a beggar ; and the
other, an ancient galley, fully rigged and manned. The
elongated quatre foils contain the family arms of the donor
and her husband, while running along the base of the window
is the following inscription : — " Gulielmus Kingsford, obit. xxvi.
Maii, Anno Domini MDCCCLVL, aeatis sua Ixviii. Maria
consanguinea sua, filia Thomas Roberti Holmes, et uxor
Johannis Bell, hanc fenestram posuit." The brilliancy of the
colours used by the artist, and the way in which they are
blended, cannot be too much admired : and this is particularly
to be noticed in the figures. This window was designed by
the late G. T. Thompson, Esq.
The visitor should now go to the upper end of the Hall,
and inspect the windows, commencing at the eastern angle.
1. The relief of Dover Castle by John de Penchester
when besieged by the Dauphin of France.
In the year 1216, the last of the reign of King John, Dover
Castle was beseiged by the Dauphin of France, aided by some
of the barons who were in arms against the King. The Castle
was defended by Hubert de Burgh, the then Constable ; and
although he had with him only a handful of his own followers
and servants, yet with so inefficient a garrison he held out
against all the efforts of the besiegers. At length John de
Penchester, with 400 horse, succeeded in passing the French
lines, and threw himself and his forces into the Castle by the
Postern Gate, under Earl Godwin's tower, since destroyed.
This reinforcement so dispirited the Dauphin and his party
that they presently raised the siege. In the representation of
this incident Penchester, whose banner (gules, a cross voided,
or) is borne aloft, and his company of horsemen, bearing
arbalists, scorpions, and other weapons for the defence of the
Castle, are rushing in at the Postern, the besiegers attacking

56 GUIDE TO DOVER.
them as they gallop past, some cutting down upon them from
under the Castle wall, and others rushing up from the lower
ground adjoining the roadway. Conspicuous in the foreground
on the left, among the besiegers, the artist has represented
William Longe"spee, Earl of Salisbury, recognizable by the six
lioncels rampant bome on his surcoat, and wielding the two-
handed sword from which he took his name. The besieged are
covering the entrance of the relieving force by the discharge of
missiles from the parapet of the Castle. In the back-ground is
one of those movable towers frequently used in sieges at that
period for the purpose of approaching the walls.
The window is in memory of those who fell during the
Crimean War and the Indian Mutiny, and the funds were
raised by public subscription.
2. King Henry III. granting the Charter of the Maison
Dieu to Hubert de Burgh, a.d. 1227.
The King is sitting upon the throne, handing to Hubert de
Burgh, who is kneeling at his feet, the charter for the founda
tion of the hall. On the King's right stands a knight in armour,
name unknown, but who bears upon his surcoat the arms of
Kirriol. On the left of his Majesty — then styled his Grace, or
our Lord the King — is Stephen Langton, a Roman Cardinal,
but an Englishman of Saxon lineage. Aloft, hangs a banner
with the Arms of the Cinque Ports, which are too well known
to require description. The other coats of the knights in the
window belong to prominent Kentish families of the thirteenth
century. In the front of the window are spectators, ecclesiastics,
and ladies. The shield, on which is inscribed the Royal Arms,
is enriched with a band, on which is lettered "Henricus, D.G.,
Rex Anglia Dominus Hibernia et Aquitania* ,- " and underneath
is a banderol, bearing on the scroll, in Norman French, a motto,
which runs thus, if read across : — A'e ne dune >:c prct, AV ne tine
ne desire;" which, perhaps, might be Anglicised thus : — "Who
neither gives nor takes what he neither holds nor desires ; '; that
is, in plain English, " Who gives not what he does not possess,
and takes not what he has no desire for." The fine cartoons
for the window were designed by Mr. Edward J. Poynter ; and
the execution was entrusted to Messrs. Heaton, Butler, and
Baynes, of Garrick Street, London.
This window was presented by leading merchants of London,
in honour of the commercial integrity of Mr. Richard Dickeson,
Mayor of Dover, 1872, also 1880, 1881, and 1SS3.
3. This window is to be filled up in chronological sequence
by Mrs. Taylor, in memory of her late husband, Captain Taylor,
with an illustration of Edward the Third's visit to Dover on his
second expedition to France. 1

GUIDE TO DOVER. 57
4. The landing of the- Emperor Sigismund at Dover
opposed. This event occurred in the year 1416 ; when Sigismund,
accompanied by the Archbishop of Rheims, paid a visit to King
Henry V., with the object of effecting a reconciliation between
Henry and the King of France. As the Imperial ship drew
near the shore, on which were assembled several of the nobles
and great barons, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, with his
company, stepped in to the sea with their swords drawn, and
asked if he came as a mediator for peace, in which case they
would receive him honourably ; but if he came with hostile
motives, they would receive him as a foreign invader. On his
disclaiming any warlike intentions, he was received with the
honours proper to his rank. The window represents the
moment when the barons, headed by the Duke of Gloucester on
horseback, are advancing with uplifted swords. The Emperor
Sigismund is seen standing on the forepart of the vessel, which
is hung round with shields bearing alternately the arms of
France and of the Empire. Behind him stands the Archbishop
of Rheims ; and part of the fleet, in the act of lowering sails,
fill up the back-ground. To the left is prominent Richard
Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, at that time Constable of Dover
Castle, his surcoat enriched with his coat of arms, and bearing
on his helmet the bear and ragged staff. In the corner is his
squire, beyond him stands Lord de Gray, and to the right of
the picture is a member of the Monins family.
As an inscription on it intimates, the window was "Presented
by (the late) Mr. H. P. Mackenzie, the builder employed in
restoring this Hall, a.d., 1862. John Birmingham, Mayor;
James Wood, Deputy-Mayor ; Edward Knocker, Town Clerk."
5. "The Embarkation of King Henry the Eighth at
Dover," for the interview with Francis the First, King of
France, at " The Field of Gold Cloth."
The point of time represented in the picture is immediately
after the embarkation of the King, who is standing on the
gangway of the ship, surrounded by his suite and attendants,
and is acknowledging the acclamations of his loyal subjects,
who line the shore, cheering their sovereign with caps waving
in the air. On the left of the picture is an indication of the
fortifications which at that period defended the harbour on
the level of the strand. The ship on which the King has
embarked forms the back-ground to the richly-coloured group
in front. The principal compartment in the head of the window is
occupied by the arms of Henry the Eighth; and the two
largest of the subordinate compartments by the arms of Allen,

58 GUIDE TO DOVER.
viz. : — Or, a chevron between three bloodhounds, passant sable,
coUard of the first armed gules, with the motto " Deus gubernat
ndvem'' The smaller compartments are filled with the Tudor
badges — the rose, the portcullis, and fleur-de-lis.
This window was a bequest in memory of Captain W.
Allen, by his kinsman, the late town clerk, T. B. Bass, Esq.,
and it bears the following inscription : — " In memory of
William Allen, a native of this town, who died in South
Australia, 16th October, 1856, this window has been placed here
pursuant to directions, contained in the will of his kinsman,
Thomas Baker Bass, Town Clerk of this borough."
6. "The landing of Charles II. at Dover." The Mayor of
Dover may be observed in the left centre light, holding in his
hand the address he had just read to his Majesty ; and the
Rev. John Reading, in a kneeling posture, presenting a Bible to
the King. Behind his Majesty are General Monk, and the
Dukes of York and Gloucester, who had accompanied the King
from the Continent. This window is in memory of the late
George Thomas Thompson, Esq., whose death resulted from
the explosion of a gun at Archcliff Fort, August, i860, while at
practice with the ist or Cinque Port Artillery Volunteers, of
which corps he was a Lieutenant. This gentleman was the
designer of the window over the entrance.
The larger portion of the armour and arms displayed on the
walls were presented by the authorities of the Tower of
London. The coats of arms of noblemen, &c, who have been
officially connected with Dover and the Cinque Ports, are
arranged at short intervals round the building.
The paintings are portraits of Sir John Rae Read and E. R.
Rice, Esq., formerly members for the Borough ; the Rev. J.
Maule, once the Incumbent of St. Mary's parish ; James
Poulter, Esq., the first Nonconformist Mayor ; and John
Birmingham, Esq., Mayor in i860 — '61 — '62, 1868 — '69— '70.
Of the sovereigns of England, there are portraits of Queen
Elizabeth, Charles II., Queen Anne, William III., George I.,
and George IV., and the others noteworthy are a full-length
figure of His Grace the Duke of Wellington, so rnanv vears
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports ; Lionel, Duke of Dorset,
Lord Warden in the time of George II. ; and Lord Hardvvick,
Lord Chancellor from 1737 till 1756, son of Philip York. Town
Clerk of Dover ; Lord Palmerston, Lord Warden of the Cinque
Ports, Peter Fector, Esq., banker, of Dover ; Sir W. H.
Bodkin, Recorder of Dover, and Dr. Robinson Steward. On
the right hand, ns we enter, are "St. Martin," presented bv
Mrs. Bell, and "Adam and Eve,'' presented by Edward
Knocker, Esq.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 59
The Corporation has added a Council Chamber to the
eastern extremity of the Hall, and here are held the meetings
of the Council, &c.
In 1867-68, the Borough Gaol was enlarged at an expenditure
of about .£7,000. By the operations of the Prisons Act, 1878,
the Dover prison was closed ; the New Town Hall and
Municipal Buildings, have been erected on its site.
TAVENOR'S GARDEN.
Annexed to the medieval burying-ground of St. Martin's
Collegiate Church, now in ruins, and at the rear of Messrs.
Dickeson & Co.'s extensive grocery establishment, Market
Lane, is an interesting relic of bye-gone religious and political
dissension, formerly known as Tavenor's Garden, which is the
place of sepulture of some of the earliest members of the
General Baptist Congregation, in the hands of whose descend
ants it has remained till a period within actual memory.
Samuel Tavenor, before the breaking out of the civil war,
1642-8, was a substantial tradesman in Dover, and was in
possession of the premises now occupied by Messrs. Dickeson
and Co., so early as the outbreak of the " Great Rebellion."
He was a member of Cromwell's troop of Ironsides. Previous
to his death, which occurred in 1696, he had licensed the south
end of his dwelling-house, that adjoined Queen Street, where
the arched windows of the chapel are still to be observed in the
rear, as a place of public worship. He, at the same time, let
the congregation a piece of ground, now known by his name,
for a burying-place in perpetuity. This sepulchre has still
remained in the hands of trustees till a recent period, the last
representative of the primitive worshippers being Mrs. Pierce,
the founder of Sunday Schools in Dover, a lineal heiress of the
Captain, and buried here so late as 1848. The tombs, of which
there are three, are overshadowed by drooping trees. The
central one covers the remains of the Cromwellian governor —
and, after recording his name and age, appends in uncouth
rhymes : — Enclosed within, a valiant captain lies, ^
Holy and humble, pious, grave, and wise;
A Gospel pastor, faithful to his trust.
Courageous for his God— here lies his dust —
Expecting to be raised with the Just.

6o

GUIDE TO DOVER.

ffiijurcijes Ancient ano fHooern.

ST. MARTIN'S-LE-GRAXD.
Ix point of antiquity, the foundation of this church is second
only to the more ancient structure adjoining the Castle Pharos.
The remains of the poet Churchill, who died at Boulogne,
1764, are interred in the churchyard, his tombstone beanng the
line selected by himself from his poem of " The Candidate" :
" Life to the last enjoyed, here Churchill lies."

ST. MARTIN'S OR DOVER PRIORY.
The foundations of this priory were laid by Archbishop
Corboil, in 1132. Having obtained a grant from Henry the
First of the revenues of the collegiate church of St. Martin's-le-
Grand, the Archbishop erected, in the fields near Dover, this
new edifice, called the New Work, or St. Martin's Priory.
The ruins were very extensive, and nearly surrounded by a
stone wall, which was taken down in 1S44, and the ground
levelled to form streets and terraces.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 6l
The style of the architecture is Anglo-Norman, and the plan
was cruciform, with a tower in the centre of the cross. The
walls of the church were about five feet thick, formed of rubble
and Kentish rag, and included large quantities of finely wrought
Caen stone. The whole edifice was 285 feet {a b) long (see plan
of the foundation on the following page), and consisted of a
nave, two side aisles, and a choir or chancel, with a transept
crossing the nave and aisles at 145 feet {a d) from the western
entrance, and projecting 46 feet {ef) to the north and south of
them ; and in these projections were chapels and confessionals
(/ ni) ; there were two more chapels at the entrance to the
chancel. Adjoining the north extremity of the transept was a
chapter house (g) 54 feet long, and 25 feet wide. Nine arches
on pillars, the bases of which remained, divided the aisles, each
1 5 feet wide (h i), from the nave (2 h), which was 33 feet wide.
The bases of the pillars were 5 feet square ; and the four that
supported the towers were 7 feet square. At the upper extremity
of the nave (a c) 245 feet from its entrance, was the chancel or
choir (b c), 40 feet long and 29X feet broad. Under the founda
tion, at the letter k, were deposited 30 pieces of silver coin of
the reign of Henry II. They were much corroded ; but on one
of them was the date of 11 34, which was two years after the
monks had possession of the land for their new monastery, and
probably the year they commenced building the church. The
shaded parts of the foundation (/ m n o) could have been
inspected a few years ago. In its prosperity it must have been
a magnificent structure. It covered, exclusive of the chapter
house, 20,328 square feet ; whereas the ancient church at the
Maison Dieu covered only 12,308 square feet ; and the present
church of St. Mary, in the town, even since its enlargement,
only 6,825, or less than one-third the size of this church at the
Priory. Early in 1868, Mr. S. Finnis became the purchaser, and
forthwith obtained plans for so laying out the ground as to pre
serve its antiquarian features, and at the same time promote the
success of his enterprise. In the disposal of the land there was
a condition that retained intact the Norman Refectory, the
Early Decorated Gateway, and the Norman Strangers' Hall.
The whole of the grounds and buildings of the ancient Priory
have been leased to the Dover College Company, so that a relic
which has so long been almost sealed to the public will now be
accessible. It is a remain of more than ordinary interest, and
cannot be otherwise than attractive to visitors, especially con
sidering the purpose to which it is now devoted. The Priory
was suppressed in 1535, when its annual income was ,£242
is. 5Xd.

62

GUIDE TO DOVER.

C^?

Tone Block.

From Photograph by Martin Jacolette.
ST. MARY'S-IN-THE-CASTLE AND ROMAN PHAROS.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 63
ST. MARY'S IN THE CASTLE AND ROMAN PHAROS.

This ancient fabric was restored in 1860-61, and Divine
Service is held therein for the troops garrisoned in the Castle
fortress ; the Military Chapel at the Western Heights being
attended by the troops quartered at the Pleights and Citadel.
The foundations of the Pharos are laid in a bed of clay,
which was a usual practice with the Roman masons, and is con
sidered to be a criterion of their labours. Its exterior shape is
an octagon, and the interior a square, the sides of which are
each about 14 feet, and the thickness of the walls to the floor,
10 feet. The lapse of time has so materially impaired this
edifice that it is impossible to determine its original height,
which is now reduced to about 40 feet. It was built with a
stalactitic composition, intermixed with courses of Roman tiles
— seven courses of the composition, and then three courses of
the tiles alternately,
'Readers of history will remember that it derives its name
from the celebrated lighthouse erected B.C. 283, on the Island
of Pharos, opposite Alexandria (now joined to the mainland).
In the time of the Conqueror, its window openings were altered
to loopholes, which were reached by steps formed inside the
walls. And in 1259 the Constable Gray cased it with flint and
altered its external shape from hexagon to octagon. Some of
this casing has fallen off, and thus revealed the original stucture,

64 GUIDE TO DOVER.
When it became useless for defence, it was made to subserve
the purposes of a belfry to the adjoining edifice by a peal of
bells being hung therein. These were subsequently removed to
Portsmouth, or at least five of them, as Allen s " Portsmouth,"
—London, 1817 — informs us : — " Five of the bells at St
Thomas's, Portsmouth, were given by Prince George of Den
mark, who at the request of Sir George Rooke, had them

INTERIOR OF THE ANCIENT CHURCH PRIOR TO ITS
RESTORATION.
removed from an old pharos within the fortifications of Dover
Castle." The great bell (3,000 lbs.) of the Pharos was the gift
of Sir Robert Astone, and cast by Stephen Norton, of Kent
During the restoration of the adjoining edifice, it was proposed
that the Castle Pharos should be appropriated as a vestry, but
this suggestion was not carried out.
Some of the old ecclesiastical annalists tell us that a very
early Christian church was erected within the British hill fort
in Dover Castle ; others ascribe it to what modem antiquaries
have termed " the legendary age of an apocryphal King
Lucius " ; some again say, " it may safely be attributed to the
interval between the conversion of the Saxons and the acces
sion of King Alfred." Eadbald has also been regarded as its
founder, as well as the great Eaii Godwin, who received
Godwin's town (now corrupted to " Goodnestone," the Kent
patrimony of Lord Fitzwaltcr\ to keep in repair the tower and
¦j ate he erected in the C.istlc.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 65
The Rev. Canon Puckle, of St. Mary's, Dover, the learned
author of The Church and the Fortress, who probably surpassed
all in painstaking research to establish the date of the erection
of this church, regards it as a memorial of the piety of the
time of our first English church builders, in memory of our
martyrs, including St. Alban, about the middle of the fourth
century, and his conclusions are supported by considerations
that to most would suffice for accepting his date as that of the
actual construction of the church. Leaving others to adjudicate
upon the claims of the respective founders, we may observe
that the edifice is a unique memorial of our land's early
Christianity, and that it was dedicated to St. Mary. It is held
by some, and perhaps not unreasonably, that it occupies the
site of the Praetorium of the Roman castle — the elevated spot
for state display and religious ceremonial, the place of command
and of sacrifice. It is held, too, that upon such a platform was
erected the Sacellum, the building which contained the Roman
eagles ; but it is not ours here to attempt to disprove or
establish these theories. Externally, the nave of the Castle
church is about 62 feet long by 34 feet wide ; the chancel 27
feet by 25 feet ; each transept, 22 feet by 20 feet ; the tower,
about 35 feet by 33X feet ; the walls of the church, 32 feet ;
and those of the tower 70 feet. Its restoration was commenced
in i860, completed in 1862, and in the latter year re-dedicated
by the Bishop of Sierra Leone. It has at various periods
undergone considerable alteration ; but Mr. Scott allowed the
most ancient portions to remain without plaster or covering, so
that the peculiarities of the structure are easily observed, and
its connection with a remote period of our history recognized.
The eastern and western arches of the tower are the original
arches, and the remains of the great south doorway are also
presented without covering, and show, in sufficient complete
ness to be intelligible, what was a Roman-British doorway.
The alterations at the close of the twelfth century included trie
vaulting of the space below the tower, the formation of its
north and south arches, and the insertion of a fine pointed
doorway on the north side of the nave. Thirty years later, say
in 1225, the sedilia and piscina on the south-east angle of the
nave were added. The building, in its several parts, links us to
the Stuarts, the Tudors, and the Plantagenets— to early
English and Norman times— to the rude and more polished
Saxons — and to days when Roman-taught Britons erected
what has puzzled modern times to tell who wrought— the pupil
or the master. At the western entrance there is a small
window worthy of notice. It is a Norman lychnoscope, an
historical relic, and commanded a view of the light on the
F

66 GUIDE TO DOVER.
altar in the south-west angle of the nave, without entering the
church. We would remark that the watchers of this light were
elected by the whole garrison, and the statutes of Pencestre's
time made special provision for its watching. The church was
used to near the close of the seventeenth century, and then
suffered to fall into decay. As the Castle garrison church it
will seat about 600 worshippers, and on Sunday afternoons
civilians are permitted to attend the service, which begins at
four o'clock.
Mr. Lyon says the whole of the Roman works were com
prehended within the fosse and parapet (Plate II. , s. s. s., page
38) that surround the church (3) and pharos (2) ; but Darell
contends that the Praetorium of the Romans occupied the site
of the present keep and yard (4).
ST. mary's church.
This ancient structure, situated in Cannon Street, near the
Market Place, is still used. It was probably built by the
Canons of St. Martin's-le-Grand.

The final restoration and enlargement of the church were
effected (at a cost of from .£8,000 to ^10,000) in 1S43-44, its

h3>o

o «o a

A, the Altar— B, an open space— C, Reading Desk — D, the Pulpit— E, the Font —
F, Robing Room — G, the Vestry — H, the Tower. The black portions are the parts
that remain in their original state. The shaded parts, the new work on the old
foundations. The white parts, the new foundations. And the dotted line at the
communion, and on the south side, shows the walls that have been removed, and
the space added.

a
a 5
w
HOo
o<

68 GUIDE TO DOVER.
re-consecration by the Archbishop of Canterbury taking place
on the 2nd of October, 1844 ; and it can now accommodate
1,700 persons. The plan on the previous page shows the old
foundations, and the new ones to enlarge the structure. In
November, 1863, the flooring of the northern side of this
church was renewed, and the opportunity was embraced for
ventilating beneath the floor, introducing the splendid
candelabra now used for lighting the church, paving the
chancel with encaustic tiles, and placing oak stalls in the choir.
In 1874, the west door was restored, and the lower part of the
tower renovated.
Since 1836, the interments for this parish have taken place
in the cemetery beneath the drop Redoubt ; but the filling up
of that ground rendered it necessary to purchase land in 1869
for another cemetery for the parish. The spot chosen was a
field adjoining Copt Hill Cemetery, where a picturesque and
well-ordered burial ground has been laid out. The vicar is the
Rev. Canon Puckle, M.A., Rural Dean, and Surrogate and
Proctor. Services on Sundays — Morning Prayer (fully choral)
10-30 a.m. ; Evening Prayer (read), 3 P.M. ; Evening Prayer
(full choral), 6-30 P.M. Holy Communion is celebrated on the
first, third, and fifth Sundays in the month, after Morning
Prayer ; and on the second, fourth, and fifth Sundays, at
8 a.m. ; and on Saints' Days after Morning Prayer. Morning
Prayer is read every Week-day at 10 a.m., with the exception
of Wednesdays and Saints' Days, when it is at 1 1 A.M. Even
ing Prayer is said every day at 5 p.m., with the exception of
Saints' Days, when it is full choral, at 8 P.M. The choir is
voluntary and surpliced. The hymn book is "Ancient and
Modern, enlarged Hymns."

OLD CHURCH OF ST. JAMES.
This is an ancient structure at the end of St. James' Street
It is a Rectory in the gift of the Archbishop. The dilapidated
condition of the old edifice lately demanded attention, and it
was decided to pull down the comparatively modem enlarge
ments of the structure, and restore it to its original small
dimensions. This was accomplished in 1868-69, by private
subscriptions. Services on Sundays at 11 a.m. and 6-30 P.M.,
and on Fridays at 11 a.m. Holy Communion at 9 A.M. on the
second Sunday, and after Morning Service on the fourth Sunday
in the month. The Hymnal Companion is used. The business
of the parish is transacted in the Vestry Hall, which is also
used occasionally for religious meetings.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

69

NEW ST. JAMES'S CHURCH.
The increasing population of this parish gave rise to the
erection of a new and more commodious church, the founda
tion stone of which was laid by the late J. P. Plumptre Esq.,
Lieutenant-Governor of Dover Castle, and Deputy- Warden of
the Cinque Ports, on the 10th of April, i860. The site selected
for it was in the Maison Dieu Fields, abutting on the Maison
Dieu Road, a short distance from the old parish church.
4

MB,

The new building is a very elegant and commodious struc
ture,: in the early decorated style. The design was by Talbot
Bury, Esq., Welbeck Street, London. The facings of the wall
are of Kentish rag ; and the dressings, externally, are of Bath
stone, and internally they are of Caen stone. The church con
sists of a nave and side aisles, 93 feet in length and 68 feet in
breadth, with a chancel at the east end. It has four entrances,
and is calculated to seat upwards of 1,400 persons, including
722 free sittings : the southern and western galleries are both
entirely unappropriated.
The whole cost of the undertaking was about £10,000.
Among the contributors was one munificent donor — Lady
Morrison, of Snaresbrook, and then of No. 14, Waterloo Cres
cent, who subscribed altogether nearly ,£4,000 ; £300 of which
was devoted by the Committee to the commemoration of her

7o

GUIDE TO DOVER.

ladyship's liberality, by filling the fine west window with stained
glass. The tower and spire at the west end form a prominent
and interesting feature in the landscape scenery, and the
building altogether is a handsome addition to the improving
neighbourhood. The present Rector is the Rev. A. H. Smith, M.A. Service
on Sundays at n, 3-30, and 6-30; on Wednesday at 7. The
Hymnal Companion is used.

TRINITY CHURCH.
This church, situated in Strond Street, in the parish of St
Mary, was erected, under the authority of the Commissioners
for Building New Churches and Chapels, by means of a grant
out of the funds entrusted to them for that purpose bv Parlia
ment, and by local subscriptions to an equal amount The first
stone was laid the 7th of September, 1833, by the Archbishop of
Canterbury, and the Church was consecrated by him in Sep
tember, 1835. The edifice cost £6,418, and the land for the
site £1,102. Lofty pillars and pointed arches divide the two
side aisles from the nave ; and there are galleries on each side
and over the entrance. The length of the edifice within the
walls is 733/ feet, and the breadth 5 8 ,?-i feet. There are 1,550

sittings, 942 of which are free. The district for this church com
prises Cambridge Terrace, Waterloo Crescent, the Esplanade,
and the whole of the lower part of the town from the top of
Commercial Quay. It was re-seated in 1870, and a new organ
erected.

GUIDE TO DOVER

71

The incumbency is held by the Rev. G. Sarson, M.A.
Service on Sundays, 11-0, 3-0, and 6-30. Holy Communion,
after morning service, on the first Sunday in the month, and
after Evening Service on the third Sunday in the month ; on
Thursday evening at 7, at the Schoolroom. Hymns Ancient
and Modern is used.
CHRIST CHURCH, HOUGHAM-IN-DOVER.
The first stone of this church was laid on the 2nd of August,
1843 ; and the church was consecrated by the Archbishop of
Canterbury in June, 1844. It is a neat, plain edifice. The
interior contains a nave and two side aisles, divided by slender
lofty pillars that support the roof ; and the arrangement is so
commodious that nearly the whole congregation may see the
minister. The edifice is nearly 85 feet long and 55 feet wide

^^1K«SS

within the walls ; and the cost was about £3,50°- The incum
bency of this church is held by the Rev. George Everard, M.A.
Service on Sundays at 11 A.M. and 6-30 P.M. ; and on Wednes
day evenings at 7-30. Holy Communion, after morning service
on the first Sunday in the month. The Hymnal Companion is
used. CHARLTON CHURCH.
The Church of St. Peter and Paul, Charlton, within the
limits of the borough of Dover, is picturesquely situated on
the left bank of the River Dour. (It is now in contemplation
to erect a new Charlton Church, adjoining the churchyard.)

72

GUIDE TO DOVER.

The Rector is the Rev. F. S. Green. Services, Holy Com
munion at 8 A.M. ; Morning Prayer, 10-30 a.m. ; Holy Commu
nion and Sermon, 11-15 a.m.; Litany, 3-30 P.M. ; Evening
Prayer and Sermon, 6-30 P.M.

ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S CHURCH, CHARLTON

GUIDE TO DOVER. ' 73
This church is a plain substantial gothic structure, situated
on the west of the London Road, in the populous parish of
Charlton. It was opened in January, 1879, f°r public worship,
the Consecration Ceremony being performed by the Bishop of
Dover. It affords sittings for 750 persons, and the cost was
£7,500. The Rev. A. L. Jukes is the Vicar. Services : Sundays,
Holy Communion at 8 a.m., and on the last Sunday in every
month at 12-0, Matins, Litany and Sermon at 11-0, Children's
Service at 3-15 P.M., and Evensong and Sermon at 6-30. Week
days, Matins and Holy Communion on Wednesdays, Fridays,
and Holy Days, at 7-30. Litany on Wednesdays and Fridays
at 4-15. Evensong daily at 7-30. Baptisms on Wednesday
evenings at 7-30, and first Sunday in the month at 3-15 p.m.
" Hymns Ancient and Modern," new edition used.

BUCKLAND church.
This church, dedicated to St. Andrew, is also within the
borough limits : it was partly restored and enlarged in 1851,
and again enlarged in 1880. The yew tree, near the western
entrance, has an historical notoriety of some centuries. It is so
venerated by the parochial authority, that when, in 1880, it was
found to be in the way of the enlargement of the church, the
ancient tree, together with many square yards of earth in which
its roots are embedded, were removed en bloc to a new site.
The church is a vicarage, in the gift of the Archbishop of
Canterbury. Exhumations of Roman pottery, when excavating
for the foundation of the present parochial schools, led to the
conclusion that its manufacture once flourished here. — Vicar,
Rev. T. Evans, M.A. Service on Sundays at 1 1 A.M. and 6-30
P.M. Holy Communion on the first and third Sundays in the
month, after Morning Prayer. On other Sundays at 8 a.m.
Saints' Days — Morning Prayer, with Holy Communion, at 11 ;
Evening Prayer, at 7-30 P.M. Weekdays — Wednesday and
Friday, at 11. All services on Sundays full choral. Books
used, " Hymns Ancient and Modern," and " Helmore's Manual
of Plain Song."
GARRISON CHURCH AND SCHOOLS, WESTERN HEIGHTS.
In 1858, a chapel school for the Heights Garrison was com
pleted. This edifice serves for the twofold purpose of Divine
worship on the Sabbath, and the week-day instruction of the
children of soldiers.

74 GUIDE TO DOVER.
ST. JOHN'S MARINERS' CHURCH
Is situate in Blenheim Square, near the Sailors' Home. It was
purchased for the late Sir. Yate, in January, 1867, when it
was re-pewed, a chancel thrown out, and an open roof erected.
Minister, Rev. J. R. Martin. Service on Sunday at 11 a.m.
and 6-30 P.M. ; and on Wednesday, at 7 P.M. A Prayer Meeting
is held in the Schoolroom on Monday, at 7 p.m. " Windle's
Hymnal " is used.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 75

(Eijapels.

Russell Street Independent Chapel, with school
rooms and library attached, was opened in 1838. Service on
Sundays at 1 1 A.M. and 6-30 P.M. ; and on Wednesday evening
at 7-30. Minister, Rev. J. J. Walker.
ZlON Chapel, Queen Street (Congregational), was opened
as a place of worship in 1705. Service on Sundays at 10-30
A.M. and 6-30 p.m. ; Children's Sermon third Sunday in each
month at 3 P.M. ; and Bible Class for young women at 3 ;
Services on Tuesday and Thursday evenings at 7 o'clock.
Minister, Rev. T. H. S. Perfect.
SALEM Chapel, Biggin Street, Congregational Baptist, with
schoolrooms and libraries attached. Service on Sundays at
10-45 A-M- and 6-30 p.m. Prayer Meeting, Sabbath evening
at 8 ; Monday at 7 p.m. Service on Wednesday evenings at 7
P.M. Minister, the Rev. E. J. Edwards.
Wesleyan Chapel, Snargate Street. — Service on Sundays
at 10-30 a.m. and 6-30 p.m. Wednesday, at 7 P.M. Ministers,
the Revs. W. Milward, S. Lock, and W. Bond.
The Wesleyan Centenary Chapel, built in 1839,
London Road, Buckland. Service on Sundays at 10-30 A.M.
6-30 p.m. ; Thursdays at 7 P.M. Ministers, the Revs. W.
H. Milward, S. Lock, and W. Bond.
The Particular Baptists' Chapel, Commercial Quay,
erected 1823. Service on Sundays at 10-45 a.m., 2-45 and 6
P.M. Wednesdays at 7 P.M. Minister, Mr. G. Webb.
Memorial Hall and Dover Tabernacle Baptist
Church, Priory Road. Services on Sundays at 11 A.M., 3
P.M., and 6-30 P.M. Minister, the Rev. W. A. Martin.
The Primitive Methodist Chapel, Peter Street, Charl
ton. Service on Sundays at 10-30 A.M. and 6-30 p.m. ; Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday, at 7 P.M. On Thursday, Temperance
Meeting at 7 p.m. Ministers, the Revs. G. J. Cooke, and J. W.
Booth. The Friends' Meeting-House, Queen Street. Service
on Sundays at 10-30 a.m. and 6 P.M. Wednesdays at
10-30 A.M.

76 GUIDE TO DOVER.
The Roman Catholic Chapel, Maison Dieu Road.
Priest, Rev. J. Laws. Mass on Sundays at 9 and 1 1 AM. ;
Vespers and Benediction at 6-30 P.M. On week-days, Mass at
8 a.m., and Evening Prayer at 6-30 P.M.
Unitarian General Baptist Chapel. — This chapel,
erected in 1820, is situated above Five-post Lane, in Adrian
Street. The General Baptists were established here in the
year 1643 ; and under the head of "Tavenor's Garden" (page
59) will be found some interesting particulars of the founder,
Captain Tavenor. Service is held on Sundays at 10-45 A-ii-
and 6 p.m. Minister, Rev. J. F. Kennard.
The Jews' Synagogue, Northampton Street. Services
on Friday evenings at sunset, and on Saturday at 9 A.M., 2 P.M.,
and when the stars appear. Rev. J. Bamstein, Rabbi.

GUlrfE TO DOVER. 77

Ftllases near ©ober.
Charlton and Buckland.— On leaving Dover, these are
the first two parishes on the London Road ; and both are within
the borough. The church in each is distinctly seen ; and the
valley is enclosed on the right with lofty hills, cultivated to their
highest parts. The road to the distance of a mile from the
town, is clustered with houses ; and the River Dour turns one
paper mill and two corn mills in its course through these
parishes — and two more corn mills after it enters Dover.
River. — This rural and beautiful village, interspersed with
cottages, gardens, and fertile meadows, is about two miles from
Dover, and at a short distance to the left of the London Road,
whence the village and its neat little church are clearly seen.
At a short distance from the church, seated among the trees, is
the beautiful and modern mansion of Kearsney Abbey, erected
in the monastic style in 1822, by the late Peter Fector, Esq.,
and now the residence of the Marchioness of Ely. To the south
of this mansion, on a branch of the Dour, is the pleasant retire
ment of Bushey Rough, and on the other side of the London
Road, near Whitfield, are the rural retreats of Old Park and
Archer's Court. The River Dour, in its course through this
parish, works two paper and two corn mills.
Ewell. — About three miles from Dover, on the London
Road, is the village of Ewell, and its adjoining ancient church ;
and the hills and valleys continue their romantic appearance on
each side of the road. There are now a number of pretty villa
residences in the village, all adjacent to the railway station
(Kearsney), on the London, Chatham, and Dover line ; and, as
building of rural retreats continues, the locality bids fair to
become a populous and fashionable suburban district of Dover.
Lydden. — This small village is situated five miles from
Dover on the London Road ; its church, standihg at a short
distance from the road, is mantled with ivy, which formerly
found its way under the unceiled roof, and formed a covert for
the birds, whose flutterings and chirpings cometimes disturbed
the congregation during divine service; and only a portion
of the floor was paved. The church was repaired in 1833. The
chancel has since been thoroughly restored by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, and other improvements have been effected by
the parishioners.

78 GUIDE TO DOVER.
From Lydden the visitor passes up a long and steep hill ;
and at a short distance from the top of it, a road turns to the
left, which leads to the retired hamlets of Wootton and Denton ;
both are within the distance of about two miles. The London
Road, from this turning, is partially skirted with woods on both
sides until it passes the Half-way House (eight miles from
Dover) and the Eagles' Entrance to Broom Park and mansion,
the seat of Sir Henry Oxenden, Bart. At a short distance
beyond the Eagles' Entrance, a carriage road to the left leads
down, in less than half-a-mile to the village of
Barham. — This pleasantly-retired village, and its rather
extensive church, are in full view of the London Road. Besides
the mansion of Broom, which is in this parish, there are other
elegant and genteel residences. The church contains a mag
nificent pyramid of marble, commemorative of numerous mem
bers of the Dinwell family, formerly of Broom.
Barham Downs. — Soon after leaving the turning to Bar-
ham, the visitor passes nearly three miles on the extensive
range of Barham Downs, where fierce conflicts raged in
bygone ages. Hosts of warriors have also here assembled in
later days, and many a political concourse has been held on
this ample space. Large portions of the Downs have been
cultivated. The view is open towards the west ; and the
churches of Kingston and Bishopsbourne are in this direction,
on the other side of the valley. In the latter of these churches
rest the ashes of the learned and judicious Hooker, and his
monument, dated 1600, still remains. The mansion of Bourne
Place is also in full view on the same side of the road.
Bridge. — Descending from the Downs, the visitor enters
the village of Bridge, with its adjoining ancient church, restored
in 1859 ; and the mansion at Bifrons is seated at a short distance
to the right of the village.
Canterbury. — Passing on three miles from Bridge, the
visitor arriv es at the metropolitan city of Canterbury, the lofty
pinnacles of whose superb Cathedral have met his eye as he
passed on, and which are seen from a considerable distance in
every direction. Services are held in the Cathedral every day
at 10 a.m. and 3 P.M. During the summer months, return
tickets are issued at single fares between Dover and Canter
bury. In the city the visitor will meet with published Guides
to assist his research, and point out the numerous objects that
will gratify and court his attention.
Poulton and St. Radigund's Abbey.— The visitor, on
taking a short ride from Dover, proceeds one mile and a half
on the London Road ; and, on passing the Crabble Hill Gate,
turns to the left, and drives through the village of River. At

GUIDE TO DOVER.

79

ST. RADIGUND'S ABBEY.

the church, he turns again to the left, and another mile brings
him to St. Radigund's Abbey, which is in the parish of Poulton.
The church, which was desecrated in 1523, was half-a-mile to
the south of the Abbey, where a stone points out its former
situation. St. Radigund's Abbey was founded about the year 1190, for
Prasmonstratensian Canons.
The foundation is due to a Norman knight, Hugh de Flori,
a kinsman of the Conqueror ; but from the fact of Abbot Hugh,
in Stephen's reign, Richard I., and Jeffrey, Earl of Perth, and
Maud his wife, being benefactors to the Abbey, they have been
spoken of as its founders.
Leland (Itin., vol. vii. p. 127) gives a very good description
of the Abbey in his time : — " S. Radegund's standeth on the
toppe of a hi lie iii little myles by west and somewhat by sowth
from Dovar. There be white chanons, and the quier of the
chyrch be large and fayre. The monaster ys at this tyme
netely mayntayned, but yt appereth that yn tymes past the
buildinges have been there more ample than they be now.
There ys on the hille fayre wood, but fresch water taketh sum-
tyme." It will be observed that the ruins of the Abbey covered a
large space of ground.
Alkham. — By taking the above road to River Church, the
visitor proceeds straight on to Kearsney Abbey, where he turns
to the left ; and passing on, two miles beyond Bushey Rough
he arrives at the rural village of Alkham. The church is large

80 GUIDE TO DOVER.
and interesting, and contains the sepulchral monument of one
qf the Abbots of St. Radigund, and other features of antiquarian
and architectural interest.
Swingfield.— If the drive be to Swingfield, the visitor pro
ceeds on the London Road until he passes (five miles from
Dover) the village of Lydden ; and then, at a short distance,
the first turning to the left leads, in less than three miles, to the
Preceptory Knights Hospitallers of St. John, founded before
1 190, the ruins of which now form part of a farmhouse. The
somewhat spacious church, which has recently been rebuilt, and
village are at a short distance towards the south.
Hougham. — By driving two miles from Dover, and passing
the farms of Maxton and Farthingloe, on the Folkestone Road,
a turning leads to East Hougham, at a short distance to the
right, where the church (restored in 1858) is situated. Returning
a short distance, a mile leads to West Hougham, whence a road
leads to the ancient mansion of the Elms, the ruins of which
still remain ; and thence it joins the Folkestone Road, less than
a mile from Dover. The country, though rural, is rude and
wild ; but some fine views present themselves.
Caple-le-Ferne and Hawkinge. — Three miles from
Dover, on the Folkestone Road, the visitor will perceive a road
to the right that leads to these retired parishes. The churches
are small, and the cottages so scattered that they do not form a
single village. At half-a-mile from Hawkinge, the visitor enters
the main road from Canterbury to Folkestone ; and one mile
to the left brings him to the Dover and Folkestone Road, one
mile from the latter town, and six from Dover. The views from
this mile of road are grand and impressive.
Folkestone, Sandgate, and Hythe. — Six miles from
Dover, the visitor again enjoys the beautiful view on Folkestone
Hill, one mile from the town ; from which two miles bring him
to Sandgate, and three more to Hythe. Folkestone is an
ancient town, and its parish church is large and venerable. Its
growth as a marine resort has necessitated the erection of addi
tional churches. Sandgate is a favourite watering-place, and its
Episcopal Chapel was erected in 1822, and re-built in 1849.
About a mile from Sandgate, to the right, is Shomcliff, one of
the stations of the south-eastern division of the army. Hythe
is one of the Cinque Ports, and its large church is worthy of
inspection. In the fine crypt, under the chancel, is an extra
ordinary collection of human skulls and bones arranged on
shelves, and the remainder in one large heap. Many of the
skulls have deep cuts in them ; and it is thought that there are
now here the bones of a few hundreds. Their age and date
are altogether uncertain. The local tradition is, that they are

GUIDE TO DOVER. 8 1
the remains of Britons and Saxons, or Saxons and Danes, killed
is battle. There are published Guides to these places.
Guston and East Langdon.— On arriving at the summit
of the Castle Hill, on the Deal Road, immediately on passing
the turnpike gate, a road branches to the left ; and, at a short
distance, the striking declivity of Copt Hole presents itself to
the eye. In the hollow are St. Mary's, St. James', Charlton,
and the Jewish Cemeteries. The road leads on to Guston, but
it is not a public road for carriages, and is sometimes closed.
The legal route branches from the Deal Road rather more than
a mile, from the gate, and passes the villages of Guston and
East Langdon, with their small adjoining churches — the latter
being about three miles from Dover.
Marten and Sutton. — At a short distance forward is the
hamlet of Marten, which has a station on the Dover and Deal
Railway ; and beyond is the small village and church of Sutton,
five miles from Dover. The country is open and healthy, and
the roads are good ; and there are some fair views of the
Downs, the town of Ramsgate, and the Isle of Thanet.
West LANGDON. — The visitor, turning to his left from East
Langdon, will soon find himself at Langdon Abbey, which was
founded about the year 1087. Kings have visited and held their
courts in this monastery centuries before its suppression in
1538 ; but the ruins of the once stately edifice are now hardly
to be found, except in the cellars of the farmhouse. Less than
half-a-mile onward reaches West Langdon, the small church of
which was in ruins for more than two centuries ; but a new
church is now provided for the parish on the old site, it being
completed in 1869. A short distance to the left, another to the
right, then again to the left, lead to the Sandwich Road, and to
the straggling (but much improved) village of Whitfield ; the
small church of which is half-a-mile to the left, and certainly
has not an attractive exterior. Passing through the Whitfield
tollgate, three-quarters-of-a-mile, reaches the London Road,
which at that point is two miles from Dover.
OXNEY, RlNGWOULD, WALMER, DEAL, SH0I.DEN, MONGE-
HAM, and RIPPLE. — Four miles from Dover, on the Deal Road,
on the right, are the parish and the mansion and pleasure-
grounds of Oxney. The church has been desecrated more than
two centuries, and only a few of its ruins remain. One mile
more reaches the village and rather handsome church of Ring-
would ; and about one mile to the right stands the church
erected in 1850, at the hamlet of Kingsdown, by the munificence
of the late William Curling, Esq. At a mile's distance from
Ringwould are the church and village of Walmer, a station on
the Dover and Deal Railway ; and a new church or chapel was
G

82 GUIDE TO DOVER.
erected in this parish in 1850. Walmer Castle, the official and
fortified residence of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports,
and the scene of the last hours of the late Duke of Wellington,
is a short distance to the right of the village. From the Castle
or village another mile reaches Deal Castle, at the entrance of
the town. Lower Deal had only a large episcopal chapel until
the year 1850, when a new church was erected. There are
Guides published in this town for the accommodation of visitors.
Upper Deal, which contains the large and handsome parish
church, is more than half-a-mile to the left ; and at a short
distance to the right are the small village and church of
Sholden. Hence, in less than a mile, the visitor arrives at the
larger village of Great Mongeham, the church of which con
tains many monuments. Nearly a mile to the right are the
village and church of Northboume : the church is large, and
the monuments are numerous. Proceeding from this place by
another road at the western extremity of the village, and leaving
Great Mongeham on the left, and Little Mongeham on the
right, whose church has long since been in ruins, less than two
miles brings the visitor to the small village and neat little
church of Ripple ; and another short mile places him on the
Deal Road at Ringwould. These villages are very pleasantly
situated, and are considered exceedingly healthy.
TlLMANSTONE, EASTRY, SANDWICH, RAMSGATE, MAR
GATE, Ash, Wingham, Littlebourxe, Beakesbourxe,
and Patricksbourne.— Branching from the London Road,
two miles from Dover, the visitor will take the Sandwich
Road, through Whitfield and Waldershare (to be noticed in
another drive) to Tilmanstone, seven miles from Dover. The
small church and village of Tilmanstone are on the left of the
road ; and at a short distance beyond them is the mansion of
Dane Court, the residence of Admiral Sir Edward Rice.
Another mile passes the small church and manor house of
Betshanger, on the right, and near which, on the same side
of the road, are the genteel retreat and pleasure-grounds of
Updown. One mile farther on, and nine from Dover, is the
populous village of Eastry. The church is large and interesting,
and there are many monuments. Three miles more convey the
visitor to the ancient town and port of Sandwich, with its three
venerable churches ; and should he feel desirous of passing on
six miles to Ramsgate, and three more to Margate, he will meet
with published Guides in all these towns to accommodate him.
But should he prefer the rural scenes of the country, by passing
four miles on the road towards Canterbury, he will arrive at
the respectable village of Ash, whose adjacent and handsome
church, with its two aisles and two chancels, and numerous

GUIDE TO DOVER. 83
monuments and inscriptions, is worthy of inspection. At about
three miles from Ash is the more important village of Wing-
ham. The church is large, and consists of two aisles and three
chancels. It had a college attached in 1286, which was sup
pressed in 1 547. The monuments and inscriptions are numerous.
At a distance of about two miles, after passing the park and
mansion of Lee Priory, are the small church and village of
Littlebourne ; and, turning to the left from the Canterbury
Road, at the distance of a mile-and-a-half, he will pass the
small church of Beakesbourne ; and half-a-mile more will bring
him to the little and curious church of Patricksbourne, where
the remnants of antiquity are evident and interesting, particu
larly at the entrances. Less than a mile reaches the village of
Bridge, and twelve more will set the visitor down at Dover,
after an excursion of about 36 miles, if he omit to visit Rams-
gate and Margate.
Shepherdswell and Barfrestone. — Sibertswold or
" Shepherdswell," as it is called on the time-tables, may be
reached by the London and Chatham Railway. The turnpike
road is highly picturesque ; but when we leave it, the cross
roads are sotaewhat intricate, so it is best to keep to the line of
rail. Shepherdswell Church is a pleasing structure ; it was
rebuilt in 1862. It has several interesting mural tablets, espe
cially one in memory of the late G. T. Thompson, Esq., solicitor,
of Dover, and Lieutenant of the istA Cinque Ports Artillery
Volunteers, who was killed by the bursting of a cannon, 10th
August, i860, and was buried in a family vault in this church ;
over this there is a handsome font of serpentine marble, a
memorial gift of his widow ; the same lady has also presented
two small-light west windows, by F. Gibbs, of London. The
apsis contains five stained windows, supplied by Mr. A. Goslett,
of Soho Square, from cartoons by H. Casolain. Shepherdswell
is now easily reached by rail ; the church is about five minutes'
walk from the station, and Barfrestone Church is about two
miles distant from the same spot. This is a small edifice, but
one of the oldest and most curious in the country. It is a
votive chapel, built and dedicated as a thank offering by some
noble who had nearly lost his life while hunting in that forest
district. Norman workmen were employed, and Caen stone
used in its construction. Its exterior is richly decorated with
rough carvings, and at the west end there is a noble Norman
arch with zigzag mouldings and rude ornamentations. The
south door and rose window are of unusual excellence. The
nave is separated from the chancel by a Norman arch, sup
ported by two wreathed pillars, and at the foot of the wall are
two arched recesses, probably intended for tombs. There are
G 2

84 GUIDE TO DOVER.
mural tablets to Thomas Boys, d. 1599, and Robert Ewell, d.
1638. This curious and most interesting building has been
lately restored with much discretion and good taste.
Nonington, Goodnestone, Fredville, and Knowl
ton.— More than a mile hence, either skirting or through Fred
ville Park, celebrated for three large and ancient oaks in front
of the Mansion is Nonington Church. It is a neat and small
edifice, and has a few monuments. Near the church are the
pleasant grounds and mansion of St. Alban's, admired for its
excellent family portraits. By turning a mile to the left, the
visitor arrives at the village and ancient church of Goodnestone,
which consists of two aisles and two chancels, and has several
monuments and inscriptions. The mansion and beautiful park
of Mrs. Western Plumptre are near the church. The distance
hence to Knowlton is about a mile ; but if the drive to Good
nestone be omitted, the distance from St. Alban's, through the
little village of Chillenden, would be less than a mile. The
church of Knowlton is small, and has only one aisle and
chancel, and the monuments are very few. The delightful
park and mansion of the D Aeth family are near the church,
and the country is pleasant and open. Two miles hence con
vey the visitor to the Sandwich Road, eight miles from Dover,
which will complete a drive of nearly twenty miles.
West Clifke and St. Margarets at Cliffe. — At more
than two miles from Dover, on the Deal Road, the third turning
to the right leads, in less than a mile, to the very small church
of West Cliffe. The church is dedicated to St. Peter, and con
tains a memorial to Matthew Gibbon, dated 1629, grandfather
to the Historian of the " Decline and Fall of the Roman
Empire." The manor house, now only a farm house, was for
merly the residence of the Gibbon family. Another half mile
conveys the visitor to the more important village and ancient
church of St. Margaret's, a remarkably fine specimeiwof light
Norman architecture of a late period. It was repaired and
beautified in 1836 ; the bold capitals of the pillars, and the
grotesque figures that adorn them, were restored ; while the
rich tracery of the arches, and each cherub's face, were relieved
from a coat of whitewash, and now appear in original freshness.
A magnificent arch, leading from the nave to the tower, which
was blocked up by a boarded screen, is now laid open. The
chancel has been put in thorough repair by the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners. A new roof to the nave and south aisle has
been completed, and the north aisle and tower has been
renovated. The South Foreland Lighthouse. — The principal
lighthouse on the lofty cliff at the South Foreland, at a mile's

GUIDE TO DOVER. 85
distance to the right of the village, can be inspected, and will
be found interesting, the electric light being used here.
Coldred, Eythorne, and Waldershare —The visitor,
by passing four miles along the London Road, as far as Lydden,
and then turning to the right, will, at the distance of a mile and
a quarter further, arrive at the small church of Coldred, which
was restored in 1890. It is situated within a Roman fortifica
tion, which had a burial ground at a short distance. The
entrenchment is in some places strikingly perfect, considering
its antiquity, and encloses more than two acres of ground. A
road has been cut through the midst of it, which gave way
some years since, and a well more than 300 feet deep was dis
covered, from which the adjacent farm house is now supplied
with excellent water. One mile onward is the village of Upper
Eythorne, and less than half-a-mile to the left is Lower Eythorne,
and the church, which is a fair edifice, consists of two aisles and
two chancels ; and there are some monuments. The air of the
parish is healthful, the roads are good, and some of the views
are delightful. One mile from Upper Eythorne is the small
parish church of Waldershare, which was restored a few years
since. Attached to the eastern wall are two rooms, which con
tain sumptuous monuments of the Monins, Bertie, and Furnese
families, the ancient proprietors of Waldershare. Near the
church is also the family mausoleum of the late noble proprietor
of Waldershare, the Earl of Guilford, whose splendid mansion
is a short distance from the sacred edifice. The mansion of
Waldershare is the seat of the Earl of Guilford. It was erected
by Sir Henry Furnese in 1700, after a design of Inigo Jones,
and is surrounded by an extensive park, adorned with groves,
pleasure gardens, and delightful avenues shaded with lofty
trees, and enriched by a multiplicity of beautiful shrubs. On
the elevated ground of the park, the Belvidere erected by Sir
Henry Furnese lifts its majestic head above the trees. The
view from its summit is grand, and extends to a great distance
over the surrounding country — the Nore and the coast of France
being visible on a clear day. The late Earl, at whose expense
the church was restored, supported an extensive school, which
was available to the adjoining parishes. The visitor will have
five miles to return to Dover by the Sandwich Road, after a
drive of about thirteen miles.

86 GUIDE to DOVER.

Efje ffieologg of SBober.
The neighbourhood of Dover is very interesting to the
geologist, on account of the great variety of fossil remains to
be obtained, and for exhibiting within a few miles of coast-line
a complete section of the different strata composing the chalk
formation of the south-east of England. The town is built in
a valley, cut by water action through the lofty chalk cliffs which
form the eastern termination of the North Downs, that range
of hills which extends through Kent and Surrey into Hamp
shire, thence returning through Sussex to the coast at Beachy
Head, under the name of the South Downs. This range
embraces within its circuit the Weald of Kent and Sussex,
geologically consisting of strata of sands, clays, and gravels of
fresh-water origin, containing the remains of land plants and
animals, and fresh-water shells, deposited in ages long past in
the estuary of a great river which probably drained the area
which is now the bed of the North Atlantic, but must then have
been a great continent. These beds, known to geologists as
the wealden, underlie and were no doubt formerly covered by
the cretaceous or chalk formation, but the wealden beds having
been forced up during the vast physical changes which have
since taken place, the superincumbent chalk and greensand
were removed through the agency of water from the whole
district enclosed by the chalk range. The cretaceous beds
now lie tilted at a low angle on each side of the axis of eleva
tion of the wealden, consequently the whole series of beds
which appear on the shore at Dover will be found repeated in
reverse order near Beachy Head. This will be seen at a glance
on reference to a geological map.
Beginning at Dover the upper chalk will be found to the
eastward of the town, composing the lofty Castle cliffs and
those extending along the shore to the South Foreland and St.
Margaret's Bay, attaining in some places a height of nearly
400 feet.
Its chief character is derived from the regular layers of
flints vVhich occur throughout its whole thickness. The flint
nodules are usually detached, but some of the bands are
continuous for long distances.
All the fossils of the upper chalk are of marine type ; echini
of several species, terebratula;, the spinous plagiostoma,

GUIDE TO DOVER. 87
sponges, ventriculites and corals, and occasionally teeth and
bones of sharks and other fishes will reward the collector.
Many fossils are either wholly or partially embedded in flints,
and their interiors filled with that substance, showing that at
the time of its deposition the flinty matter was in a soft state.
Although the origin of flint is still an unanswered enigma, Dr.
Bowerbank's theory of its being of spongeous origin is largely
accepted, and the microscope reveals large quantities of the
flinty spicula of these organisms in thin sections and chippings
of flint, whilst the regular stratification is doubtless due to the
greater specific gravity of the silex, causing it to sink through
the successive deposits of soft chalk mud.
The chalk itself is largely composed of the calcareous shells
of the minute organisms called foraminifera, and the exuvia?
and remains of coral feeding fishes and mollusca ; just such a
deposit as is now forming in the coral regions of the South
Pacific, and also, as shown by the cable soundings of late
years, in the bed of the North Atlantic. At the base of the
Western Heights the lower chalk is first seen beneath the
middle chalk, which forms the principal mass of the cliffs at
the rear of Snargate Street, the upper chalk still being at the
top of the cliff in some places. Shakespeare's Cliff and
the upper part of the cliffs from thence to near Folkestone are
composed of the middle chalk, which resembles the upper in
composition, but contains few flints.
At the lower part of Abbot's Cliff, near the spring known
as Lydden Spout, the chalk marl or grey chalk makes its
appearance, and continues rising in the cliffs to near Folke
stone. It contains more clayey matter than the white chalk,
and crystalline masses of iron pyrites in large numbers. These
may be found strewing the shore under Abbot's Cliff, and are
popularly known as " thunderbolts." The chalk marl contains
many fossils, among others the keel oyster (ostrea carinata),
pectens, ammonites, turrilites, and occasionally fish remains.
Beneath the chalk marl, and divided from it by a thin seam of
soft dark sandstone, which appears to represent the upper
greensand, we come upon the most richly fossiliferous bed of
the whole series, the gault or blue marl. It may be seen on the
shore in Eastwear Bay, at low water, as a dark expanse of
slippery mud, and it teems with fossils ; delicately sculptured
ammonites with a brilliant nacreous coat like a film of bright
copper; hamites, turrilites, belemnites, and nautili, all the
remains of creatures allied to our recent cuttle fishes and
argonauts, univalve and bivalve shells of many species, and
some of great beauty, crustaceans, corals, and bones and teeth
of fishes. In the removal of the fossils great care is requisite :

88 GUIDE TO DOVER.
a small digging fork will be found preferable to the hammer
and chisel required for chalk fossils.
To the soft consistence of the gault beds appears to be
mainly due the picturesque scenery of the region called the
Warren or Undercliff, stretching beneath the main line of cliffs
from Abbot's Cliff to Folkestone HilL The weight of the
superincumbent chalk and chalk marl has squeezed out
the soft gault, causing numerous land slips, and thus creating a
scene of picturesque confusion. Beneath the gault. and form
ing the line of low cliffs between Copt Point and Folkestone
Harbour, we come upon the upper beds of the lower greensand.
Between them and the gault is a thin seam corresponding to
the true Neocomian series ; it may be recognised by the
fragments of lignite or fossilized wood, which may be traced
on the shore nearly under Copt Point for a few yards along the
extreme western edge of the gault beds. The masses are
many of them of considerable size, and are encrusted with iron
pyrites. Many of the pieces have been bored by teredo and
other boring molluscs, the holes being since filled with pyrites.
Fossil cones also occasionally occur. From Folkestone the
lower greensand may be traced along the shore to Hythe,
forming the country between the chalk range and the sea. At
the back of Hythe are quarries of the building stone called
Kentish Rag, which belongs to this formation. The fossils of
the greensand consist chiefly of sponges and marine bivalves,
but reptilian remains now- and then occur from Folkestone and
elsewhere, and we may particularly instance the Maidstone
Iguanodon in the British Museum, which is from the Kentish
Rag. Beyond Hythe the greensand thins out, and is succeeded
by the wealden beds and the alluvial deposits of Romney
Marsh. For a detailed account of the geology of Kent and Sussex
the reader is referred to the works of the late Sir C. Lyell, Dr.
Mantell, Professor Mackie, and Mr. W. Whittaker, F.R.S., by
whom the subject is exhaustively treated. We must not omit
to mention that the Dover Museum contains a fair and well-
arranged collection of the fossils of the cretaceous formation
from the upper chalk to the greensand.

GUIDE TO DOVER. 89

$ ufjlic Buildings, ftfjaritaole Institutions,
Societies, Schools, &c.
Dover Cpllegc. — The College was opened as a place of
liberal education by the Right Hon. Earl Granville, K.G., Lord
Warden of the Cinque Ports, who was also the President of the
College, on October the 4th, 1871 ; when he delivered an
inaugural address, which at the time attracted considerable
attention. The work thus happily begun has been carried on
with great success. The efforts made to secure the prosperity
of the College by the noble President and Vice-Presidents have
been ably seconded by the zeal of the Council ; and the success
of the College has gone far beyond what was expected in so
short a time.
The course of study pursued is generally that of the public
schools ; but in accordance with modern ideas and modern
requirements, great attention is paid to mathematics, modern
languages, and natural science. The pupils are prepared for
the universities, for the army, or for any profession for which
they may be intended ; and the course of study is so extensive
that no one can fail to get the special training which will be
required for his own particular profession, as well as a good
general education in other matters. Dover offers peculiar
facilities for learning modern languages ; and as so many of
the pupils will have almost daily need of French and German,
the College, as might be expected, gives very great attention to
these subjects of study.
The College hall is a beautiful specimen of Norman archi
tecture of the early part of the twelfth century, and was formerly
the refectory of the Priory of St. Martin. The grounds are also
very pretty, and will well repay a visit.
The Head-master is the Rev. W. Bell, M.A. ; Hon. Secre
tary, Wollaston Knocker, Esq., Castle Hill House, Dover.
School of Art. — This institution was established in 1870, and
is located in admirably adapted rooms in Northampton Street.
Head-master, Mr. East. The school affords the utmost facili
ties for female education in art.
The Museum.— Hon. Sec, T. Lewis, Esq. ; Curator, Dr,
Astley ; Sub-Curator, Mr. C. Gordon. , Open daily from 10 a.m.

90 GUIDE TO DOVER
till 4 P.M., except Thursdays and Sundays. This Museum was
opened in 1836. It contains an extensive collection of antiqui
ties, specimens of natural history, &c. The collection of birds
is particularly fine. The smaller room contains a large number
of Kentish specimens, some of great rarity, presented to the
town by Dr. Plomley, of Maidstone. In the table cases will be
found a very good display of local fossils from the chalk, chalk-
marl, gault, and greensand, remains of mammoth, and other
mammalia from drift, &c. In the lower part of the building the
markets are held.
The Markets, Market Square. — The market days are Tues
days, Thursdays, and Saturdays. On the latter day the principal
market is held, when the neighbouring countrv-, for an extent of
many miles, pours in a plentiful supply.
Dover Club, Liverpool House. — Secretary, Captain Douglas
Willan. Annual and quarterly members are elected by ballot
Members of certain recognised London Clubs may become
quarterly members without ballot.
All officers of the Army or Navy on full pay or on duty,
may, on the introduction of an annual member, become tem
porary members.
Unbeneficed clergymen having duty in Dover are admitted
under similar conditions.
Visitors are admitted for shorter periods under certain
regulations. Royal Cinque Ports Yacht Club, Club House, Marine Parade.
— Secretary, J. G. Podevin, Esq. The yachting week is held
early in June.
The Granville Club, New Bridge and Snargate Street —
President, Sir W. H. Crundall ; Secretary, Mr. D. Foreman.
Carlton Club, Market Square. — President, Colonel Pitt ;
Secretary, Mr. C. L. Humby.
Rowing Club, Club House, Shakespeare Hotel. — President,
Sir Richard Dickeson ; Capt, E. Lukey, Esq. ; Hon. Treasurer,
W. H. Thorpe, Esq. ; Secretary, Mr. W. Bussey. Visitors
belonging to other rowing clubs can be admitted at nominal
subscriptions. Cricket Club, Grounds, London Road, Charlton. — President,
Sir W. H. Crundall ; Secretary, Mr. A. C. Leney.
Chess Club, held at the Royal Oak Hotel.— President, Lord
Brownlow Cecil ; Secretary, Mr. A. Wilson.
Badminton Club, held at the Town Hall. — Hon. Secretary,
General Bruce.
Lawn Tennis Club, Grounds at the back of Park Street—
Hon. Secretary, Major-General Rideout.
Cycling Club. — Secretary, Mr. F. C. Putley.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

9'

The Custom House, Custom House Quay. — This spacious
edifice was erected in 1806. There is also a Custom House at
the South Eastern Railway Terminus, and at the Harbour
Station of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway, for the
examination of passengers' luggage, &c.
The Apollonian Hall, Snargate Street. — Proprietor, Mr. C.
Fairlie. The New Town Hall is let for concerts, lectures, balls,
entertainments, and public meetings.
The Dover Hospital and Dispensary, High Street, Charlton.
— Treasurer, T. Lewis, Esq. ; Secretary, E. Elwin, Esq.
Sick, maimed, and distressed seamen, of all nations, are
received here when landed from ships in the harbour, or its
vicinity, and well cared for.
Convalescent Home, at Custom House Quay.
SAILORS' HOME.

The Dover National Sailor? Home was instituted in 185 1,
as a refuge for the shipwrecked. The present building was
erected in 1853, from plans supplied by Alfred Beaumont, Esq.
President, the Mayor of Dover ; Secretary, Rev. B. Pearce.

1MB

'^^smmg&m

gum
Since the erection of the present building, 725 wrecked crews,
consisting of upwards of 7,234 men of various nations, have
been received. There were amongst them English, French,
American, Danish, Norwegian, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish,
Italian, and Russian. Many hundreds of paid-off sailors have

92 GUIDE TO DOVER.
been lodged at the Home ; and their money, considerably above
£6,000, has been taken care of. Five hundred and thirty-two
youths have been entered for the Royal Navy. No distressed
sailor is ever turned away from the Home without substantial
relief, if, upon examination, his tale is found to be true. We
would advise both visitors and the inhabitants of Dover not to
relieve persons representing themselves to be sailors in distress,
but to send them to the Home. The institution is supported
by voluntary contributions, and it must continue to be so
supported until a sufficient sum be raised for endowment. Her
Majesty the Queen, having approved the regulations for the
management of the Home, contributed largely to the library.
The Charity Commissioners, the Attorney-General, and the
Court of Chancery, prepared the regulations. The Harbour
Commissioners granted the site of the building, and, together
with other gentlemen appointed by the Court of Chancery, are
Trustees. The reading room is open, gratuitously, from 10
a.m. till 6 p.m. every day, except Sundays. Visitors to Dover
are invited to inspect the building.
Subscriptions are received at the Banks, the Libraries, by
the Secretary (the Rev. B. Pearce), or at the Home.
Soldiers' Home, 117, Snargate Street. — Accommodation is
provided for relatives visiting the troops in garrison.
The Orphanage, Folkestone Road. — Founder, Miss Haddon;
Hon. Surgeon, Mr. A. G. Osbom ; Matron, Miss Baker. This
institution is intended for the training of young orphan girls as
domestic servants. Visitors can be admitted on any day but
Tuesday and Saturday.
The Volunteers' Institute, East Cliff, is open from 10 a.m.
until 10 p.m. Secretary, Mr. R. Foster, Castle Street.
Rifle I 'olunteers' Head Quarters, Northampton Street.
Soldiers' Institute, 157 Snargate Street.
The Working Man's Institute, Biggin Street, is open to
members daily for reading and amusements. Hon. Secretary,
Mr. T. Clout.
St. Jfnrv's Mission House, Adrian Street. — Lay Deacon,
Mr. T. Blackman.
Naval arid Military Bible Society. — Treasurer and Secre
tary, Rev. B. Pearce.
British and Foreign Bible Society. — Depot, W. H. Reynolds',
Biggin Street. Local Secretaries, Messrs. A. G. Osborn and
W. P. Mummery.
St. fames' Young Men's Christian Association, 39, Castle
Street. Dover Benevolent Society. — For the distribution of fuel
among the poor during the winter. President, Dr. Astley :
Hon. Secretary, J. Finnis, Esq.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

93

Albert Philanthropic Institution.— F 'or the distribution of
bread among the poor during the winter. Hon. Secretary, Mr.
E. B. Tomlin.
Philanthropic Society.— -Yor the distribution of beef, soup,
and bread, in the winter months. Secretary, Mr. A. T. Wilson ¦
Treasurer, Mr. F. Finnis.
Hope Charitable Institution.— Yor the relief of the sick poor.
President, Dr. Astley.
Seaside Rest for Orphans, i and 2, Laureston Place.
CUFF BROTHERS' LIBRARY.

-T" 'If' '^f^-

Cuff Brothers' (late Batcheller's) Library. — Established
1826. — No. 1, Snargate Street. — This library not only occupies
the most commanding central position in the business thorough
fares of Dover, and also in reference to the marine promenades,
but it also occupies historic soil of the most noteworthy
character. Here, when Dover was walled in by the Roman
Governors of Britain, stood the " gate " traditionally ascribed
to Severus. Dover Proprietary Library, Granville Gardens. — Open from
11 to 1 and 2 to 6. Hon. Secretary, Mr. J. Bolton, King
Street.

94

GUIDE TO DOVER.

HOTELS.
Lord Warden Hotel, near the Railway Terminus. W. R.
Swamston. Dover Castle Hotel, Clarence Place, fronting the harbour,
near the South Pier-head. Charles Poland.
King's Head Hotel, Clarence Place, fronting the harbour.
J. Bromley. Harp Hotel, Strond Street, facing the harbour. Mrs. Morley.
Esplanade Hotel, W. Cessford.
Shakespeare Hotel, Bench Street. Chapman and Cobb.
Royal Oak Commercial Hotel, Cannon Street. Richard
Philpott. The Dover Corn Market is held (on Saturdays) in
the Assembly Room. Stables.
City of Antwerp Hotel (commercial), Market Place. W. H.
Fox. Royal Hotel, Clarence Place. W. W. Lord.
Hotel de Paris, Cross Wall. W '. B. Baker.
BANKS.
The National Provincial Bank of England, New Bridge,
Dover. Manager, W. G. Davy, Esq.
London and County Banking Company, King Street
Manager, B. C. Scammell, Esq.

BATHS AND BATHING MACHINES.
The Dover Bathing Establishment was opened in 1878.
Sea bathing at Dover has always been popular. The baths are

GUIDE TO DOVER. 95
situated at the extremity of the Marine Parade, and the two
large swimming baths in the basement are constantly supplied
with sea water by gravitation. Both baths are very capacious,
and fitted up with every convenience. The second (one of the
largest in England) has been recently added to meet the
increasing wants of the visitors and residents in the season.
On the second floor there are numerous private baths, and a
selection of the most improved baths for medical purposes.
Another branch of this establishment is situated on the site of
the old baths. This consists of the Granville Gardens, taste
fully laid out, in which is placed the stand for the promenade
bands, and a refreshment room and a waiting room attached.
There are numerous machines for sea bathing, and the water is
remarkably clear.

GUIDE TO DOVER.

postal Sirrrtorg.

GENERAL POST OFFICE.
Northampton Street— Mr. W. Wooster, Postmaster.
Open for general business and for receipt and despatch of
telegrams from 7 A.M. until 10 P.M. on week days, and from 7
A.M. until 10 A.M. on Sundays. For Money Order, Savings
Bank, Annuity, and Insurance business, from 9 a.m. until 6
P.M. (8 P.M. on Saturday) on weekdays only. Postal Orders,
7 a.m. to 10 P.M., week days only.
Despatches. Letters are forwarded to London, &c , five times
daily on week days, and once on Sundays.
Deliveries. There are four deliveries daily on week days,
viz. : — Commencing at 7 and 11-30 a.m., and
4 and 7 p.m.
On Sundays. The first delivery only is effected.
ADMIRALTY PIER AND MAIL PACKET SERVICE.
The steam-packets leave for Calais at 10-15 a.m., 12-55 p-M->
and at 10-35 p.m. and 6 P.M. in connection with limited express ;
and for Ostend, 12-5 p.m., 7-30 p.m., 10-15 PM-
TOWN RECEIVIXG OFFICES.
East Cliff (J. Gibbons), for Letters only.
Town Wall Street (H. Erith), for Letters, Money Order and
Savings Bank business.
Charlton (E. W. Tucker), for Letters, Telegraphic, Money
Order, and Savings Bank business.
Buckland (R. Hicks), for Letters, Money Order, and Savings
Bank business.

. Lr Ul J >!'. . IW IJUVE.K. 97
Priory Street (J. Procter), for Letters, Telegraphing, Money
Order, and Savings Bank business.
These offices are open for general business from 7 A.M. (7-30
A.M. during winter), until 9 P.M., and for Money Order and
Savings Bank business from 9 A.M. until 6 P.M. Saturdays,
till 8 P.M.
No attendance on Sundays.
The Pier Telegraph Office is open for dispatch and
receipt of Telegrams from 8 a.m. to 12 noon, and from 2-30
P.M. to 6 P.M. every day, and 9-30 p.m. to 4-30 A.M. daily,
Sundays included.
Messages are forwarded, on account of the Post Office, from
the South Eastern Railway Station, and from the Harbour,
Priory, Kearsney, and Shepherdswell Stations of the London,
Chatham, and Dover Railway ; open from 8 A.M. until 8 P.M.
on week days. On Sundays the South Eastern is open for the
despatch of telegrams at all hours.

98 GUIDE TO DOVER.

tfares for $acftneg Carriages.
Carriages drawn by horses are " ist class," and those drawn
by ponies, mules, or asses, are " 2nd class." ist Class and Class
Car. Car.
For any distance not exceeding one mile  is. od. os. 8d.
For every additional half-mile or a part of
half-a-mile not completed  06 04
Passengers returning in the same carriage to pay half the above
fares for back carriage.
Where the hiring is by distance, an additional sum of 6d. for
every 15 minutes vcompleted)vvhich the driver shall be com
pelled to stop at any one place shall be paid by the hirer.
FARES RV T1MF FOR ON1-. OR TWO PERSON'S. i-t Clas*. 2nd Class.
For any time not exceeding one hour  2s. 6d. is. 8d.
And for every additional half-hour or any part
of half-an-hour not completed  13 o 10
A reasonable quantity of luggage is to be carried in or upon the
carriage without extra charge, unless more than two persons
are carried with more luggage than can be carried inside, in
which case a sum of fourpence for every package carried
outside the carriage is to be paid ; but no driver shall be
bound to carry any luggage on the roof of his carriage.

population.
The population of Dover is 33,41s.

APARTMENTS

R. Atkins,
8, Esplanade, Dover.
Facing Sea, and near the Railway Stations.

Mrs. Bartholomew,
(Housekeeper,) 17, Waterloo Crescent, Dover.
Apartments.
T. Bishop,
8, Waterloo Crescent, Dover.
Furnished Apartments.
Mrs. Bushell,
Guilford House, Guilford Lawn, Dover.
Facing Sea; pleasantly situated.

Mrs. Dowle,
Edinburgh Boarding House, Dover.
Facing Sea. Terms, £2 2S. a week.
D. Dowle,
21, Waterloo Crescent, Dover.
Comfortable Apartments, facing Sea, near Admiralty Pier.

}. Field,
19, Waterloo Crescent, Dover.
Filling Sea, and near Granville Gardens.
J. Hall,
16, Marine Parade, Dover.
Furnished Apartments ; facing Sea.

Mrs. Hill,
20, Marine Parade, Dover.
Facing Sea, near Granville Gardens and Castle.
J. Humphery,
25, Marine Parade, Dover.
Splendid position, facing Sea. A 1 7 H 2

APARTMENTS.

The Misses Russell,
9, Esplanade, Dover.
Facing Sea.

W. Soxe,
21, Marine Parade, Dover.
Furnished Apartments ; facing Sea.
Mrs. Scott,
io, Cambridge Terrace, Dover.
Pleasantly situated, close to Sea and Granville Gardens.

Mrs. Thiselton,
4, Cambridge Terrace, Dover.
Close to Sea and Granville Gardens ; Tennis Court.

f-

S.

CUFF BROTHERS,
(The LIBRARY,)
Booksellers, Plain & Fancy Stationers
jftetos agents, etc.
Special Attention paid to the Newspaper Department.
All London Daily and Weekly Newspapers and Periodicals
delivered in any part of the town without delay, immediately
on the arrival of the Paper Train. The Local Papers also
regularly supplied with the utmost dispatch.
1 & 2, SNARGATE STREET, & NEW BRIDGE,
DOVER.

v IS

«3S0UTER, D»

MACKENZIE I C0:1

CRYSTAL

flmererf HJcafspg

"CRYgTKk" kEMOJ^DE.
"CKYgTKL" &ODK WKTER.
"CRYgTZW SELTZER WKTER,
&.C., &.C.
B\iE\lHE\M SQVl^t,
DOVER,
©—TELEPHONE 213.—®
FOORD ROAD, F0LK6$T0nG,
©—TELEPHONE 24.—®

VANS DELIVER GOODS TO ALL PAR-TS DAILY.
A' 19

S\\JWESPEM*£ \\0TE\i
DOVER, facing the Sea.

CENTRAL, comfortable, and homelike.
TuoRun.m.v Well ivn Liberai.lv Conduct ki..

Handsome Coffee Roam. French and German Spoken. Choice Cuisine.
NIGHT PORTER.
MISS GODDARD, Manageress.
ALFRED HAYNES,
I|'airelresser § Perfumer
Xu Tdili ' nr IS il r-- 1 ; -lintiM hv ttitl.OUt
HAYNES' CURATIVE POMADE, for Pityriasis of the Scalp.
A SUIIK Plll'.V KNllVI'. bKK Il.M-IMO.Mil.s-,
< 3, SNARGATE STREET, DOVER, >>
(Next the GRANVILLE CLUB.l
A 20

CUFF BROTHERS,
PEINTBES,
BOOKBINDERS, ENGRAVERS, NEWSAGENTS, dc.
Die (iEtigrabmg.
Name and Address, Crest, Arms, &c., Engraved in Hardened Steel
Die. Best Style from 4/6 each.
UBic Stamping.
Note Paper and Envelopes Stamped to order with Initials, &c, without
charge for Die, or from Private Dies at the shortest notice.
gtooress Carts.
Card Plates Engraved in the Best Style, 2/6.
100 Best Ivory Cards, Printed direct from the Plate, 2/3 and 3/-.
Printing.
Bill Heads, Circulars, Memorandums, Ball Programmes, Note
Headings, &c, neatly and cheaply executed.
Boakm'noing in all ita ISrancJjegi.
jFine &rt Jftepoaitorg.
Materials for Painting in Oil and Water Colour. Sketch Blocks and
Sketch Books. Colour Boxes, &c.

3Laum SCennis.
The Newest Lawn Tennis Club Bats, Extra Strong, lo/6.
Bats from 5/6.
Regulation Lawn Tennis Balls, 1/- each, or 10/6 per dozen, for Clubs.

2Hje $efo ©ame of ILatun Pockets,
Intended for use on Small Lawns, and can be set up with or without a
Court Marked out on the grass. Prices, 20/-, 25/-, 35/-.
2Hje iftogal Cabinet of ffiames,
From 21/- to £4 10 o.
De La Rue's Playing Cards. Chess, Draughts, &c, &c.
"Liqueur Cabinets." " The Tantalus." " The Janitor," &c.
Pencil-Cases, Pen Holders and Gold Pens, (Mordan 's, Perry's, &c.)
PURSES, &c,
At CUFF BROTHERS, DOVER,
A 21

"DOVER EXPRESS,"
OLD-ESTABLISHED LIBERAL NEWSPAPER.
EIGHT PAGES, FORTY-EIGHT COLUMNS

PRICE ONE PENNY.

A valuable medium for all kinds of Advertisements.

OFFICE-

SNARGATE STREET
Proprietor— J. B. JONES.

* 22

For PURE AND SWEET
E-MADE and WHOLE-MEAL BREAD

GO TO

RUGLY'S PRIORY BAKERY,
PRIORY STREET, DOVER.
C. J- PARISH,
38, SNARGATE STREET, Dover,
Families waited upon Daily. New-laid Eggs.
MESSES $ SHIPPING SUPPLIED on REASONABLE TERMS.
TELEPHONE 268.
EDWIN FAELET,
Z§t Creamery
DOUR VALLEY DAIRY, Wownwall Street, Dover,
NEW MILK DELIVERED TWICE DAILY,
Special Cows kept for the Nursery and Invalids. Pore Rich Cream in Jars.
Fresh Butter and New-laid Eggs Daily.
ESTABLISHED 1760.
CHAPMAN & WALKER,
literal mth ^nnnhtimn^ ^mmxtmpn
And MESS FURNISHERS,
KIM STREET, MARKET SQUARE, DOVER.
TELEPHONE No, 268. A- 23

WRIGHT BROTHERS,

co

Baths and Sewing Machines On Hire.
16, 16, CANON STREET, and 86 & 88, fflGH STREET, DOYER.
C SJlLIiIAMSON,

ill

20, BENCJH STREET,

i©8!L©l

BERLIN WOOL AND SCOTCH YARNS.
Work of all kinds mounted, Adapted, Traced, and Designed.
««PEARSALL'S SILKS. >
HABERDASHERY, BAGS, PLAIN AND FANCY WORK BASKETS,
And all the Latest Novelties in Fancy G oods snd Gam ks.

Sole Agent for PULLAR'S DYE WORKS, Perth.
A 24

TELEPHONE No. 212.

E, PACKHAM,
Shakespeare ~L ca~ Marine Livery
Livery Stables, f^M MUttt & Bait Stables,
TOWNWALL ST. % ^ °J^ TREVANION ST.

By Appointment to H.R.H. PRINCE ARTHUR.

WEDDING CARRIAGES %%WM§ In a Superior Style.

ANTWERP LIVERY STABLES,
78, Castle Street, Dover.

FASHIONABLE BREAKS, OPEN CARRIAGES,
With One, Two, or Four Horses, for Pleasure Parties.

Hadley' aiid- jseqfleirLenJs jjacfdfc rfJDorse^s, wiffi an^
experienced^ Riding J32asfei[.

THE ENTIRE ON THE MOST EXTENSIVE SCALE, not to be
surpassed in Style or Economy.

funerals jfurnfebeb.

A 25

At CUFF BROTHERS, " The Library," Dover.
BAGS! BAGS!
The Newest and Pest Patterns.
TRAVELLING BAGS, HAND-BAGS, &c, fitted and not fitted.

LADIES' TRAVELLING BAG— Morocco, Silver and Ivory
Fittings, with movable inside, £S.
LADIES' BAG,— Morocco, Silver and Ivory Fittings, lined
silk, movable inside, £$ los.
LADIES' BAG— Morocco, fitted, £3.
LADIES' BAG,— Morocco, fitted, £2 5s.
LADIES' BAG— Fitted, £1 is.
LADIES' HAND-BAGS, in Russia, Morocco, &c, Nickel
Mounts, from 4s. 6d. each.
GENTLEMEN'S GLADSTONE BAGS— Silver Fittings,
£9 os.
GENTLEMEN'S GLADSTONE BAGS,— Nickel Fittings,
£2 I2S.
GENTLEMEN'S GLADSTONE BAGS,— Nickel Fittings.
£2 4s.
GENTLEMEN'S PORTMANTEAU, — Nickel Fittings,
£4 ios.
GLADSTONE SPECIAL BAGS,
Cowhide, from 16 inches to 24 inches, 19s. 6d., £t is., £1 3s. 6d.t £1 6s. 6d.,
£1 8s. 6d.

LADIES' JEWEL CASES.
DRESSING CASES for Ladies or Gentlemen.
TOURISTS' WRITING CASES of the Newest Patterns.

A Large Selection of the CHOICEST NOVELTIES suitable for Presents,
Souvenirs, &c.
At CUFF BROTHERS, "The Library," Dover,
\ 26

& n -% s

-S3

c^>

A 27

ESTABLISHED SIXTY YEARS.

AND CONTINENTAL TRAVELLER,
Published on Tuesday Evening for Wednesday Morning, (Eight Pages,
Forty-Eight Columns.)
PRICE ONE PENNY.
The only Mid-Weekly Journal published in this part of Kent.

/^CHIS paper is the old-established Conservative authority of
^-* the district. It contains the Fashionable, Local and
General News of the Week, Army and Navy Intelligence, and
every information connected with the Mail Service and Con
tinental Travelling. It has a very large and influential circulation
throughout the whole County of Kent, adjoining Counties, the
Metropolis, &c. ; as well as Ostend, Calais, Paris, Boulogne,
Brussels, &c. It circulates amongst all classes of readers, and
will be found an excellent Medium for every description of
Advertisements. Contains the only correct Visitors List in the town.
By Post, 6,8 a year ; I 8 per Quarter.
Office:— 2, KING STREET, DOVER.

' Cheques and Post Office Orders to be m,i,i, />.iy,u '¦:. .'.' Krkdfrick Wicks.
Printing in all its branches by slo.ini.
A 28

W. E>ENN,
BOOT & SHOE MANUFACTURER
io, SNARGATE STREET,
DOVER.
Every description of BOOTS AND SHOES kept in Stock,
At the Lowest Peices foe Cash.
RUSSETT and CANVAS SHOES in great varieties.

IN USE 100 YEARS.

DU. EOBBETS 'S
OINTMENT

CALLED THE
POOR MAN'S
FRIEND FOE
Bruises, Burns, Cancer,
Chilblains, Cuts,
Fistula, Gangrene, yjj
Inflamed Eyes.
Pimples, Piles,
Scorbutic Complaints, t
Skin Diseases,
Vaccination Eruptions,
& Ulcerated Legs, even^iS^
if of 20 years' standing. ~

ALTERATIVE PILLS.
A SOVEREIGN REMEDY"
¦

FOE
Diseases of the
Blood and Skin,
Scrofula, Leprosy,
Glandular Swellings,
Cracks in the Skin,
Scorbutic Ulcers,
Eruptions in the Face,
'Sore and Inflamed Legs,

Sold at la. ljd. and 2s. 9d. each.

Prepared by the PROPRIETORS, BRIDPORT.

ROYAL HOTEL,
DOVER.
Two minutes from South Eastern, Chatham and Bour Stations,
and Admiralty Pkr.

FULL VIEWS OF CHANNEL, CASTLE, CLIFFS, &c.
BOARDING TERMS, 7s. 6d. per Day.

On parle Francais. Aight Porter.
"W. LORD, Proprietor.
UNDER THE PATRONAGE CF
H.R.H. THE DUKE OF (KgfgJS CONNAUGHT, K.G.
GEORGE PAGE,
jFamtl\> (3rocei\ TLcn SDealev,
And PROVISION MERCHANT,
(Noted for Teas and Coffees,)
11, BEUCH STREET,
HOUSE AGENT. DOVER.
ROYAL BAZAAR AND TOY WAREHOUSE.
A. H. POINTER,
173 & 174, SNARGATE STREET, DOVER.
TOYS, GLASS, & CHINA of every description.
Just Published.
Royal Album of Dover, containing 30 of the best Cabinet View? of Dover
and the Xeighbourhood, complete Is.
Also, the Invicta Album of Dover, 30 Views, 6d.
Also, Dover Album with 12 Views, Id.
Also, Dover Card Basket, containing 16 Views of Dover, Id.
SCHOOLS AND BAZAARS SUPPLeITaT REDUCED PRICES.
A 30

g
o
a:

C3

o s:
¦§ s;o

A JI

Mr. & MRS. C. T. LONG,
PH8FEgge^j5 0F DICING
PEIVATE LESSONS AT ANY TIME.
Special Classes for MUSICAL DRILL for CHILDREN.
1, PRIORY HILL, DOVER.
J. CHTTENDEN,
pastrycook anb Confectioner
1, JMORTHAMPTON STREET, DOVER.
Fancy Bread of all kinds made to order.
Fresh Pastry every Morning. Bridecakes tastefully Ornamented.
Try oar celebrated Pommes de Terre and Cocoa Nut Pnffs.
EDWAHD NQHBINGTON,
efaiiuO) ©rocer,
TEA DEALER & PROVISION MERCHANT
78, ST. JAMES'S STREET, DOVER.
ESTABLISHED OVER HALF-A-CKXTCRY.

71, CASTLE STREET, DOVER.
Dealer in Glass Shades, Foreign Bird Skins, British Birds' Eggs and
Insects for Cabinets, Shells, Entomological Apparatus, dc.
EVERY SPECIES OF ANIMATED NATURE PRESERVED.
Skins Mounted and Dressed for Rugs, &c.
A 32

"THE LIBRARY," DOVER.
FOR THE NEWEST AND BEST
LAWN TENNIS
BATS, BALLS, &c.

Bats, from 5s. 6d. each ; Club Bats, extra strong, 10s. 6d.
Regulation Balls, 10s. 6d. per doz., Is. each.
A LARGE SELECTION of the NEWEST PATTERNS.

THE NEW GAME OF LAI POCKETS
INTENDED FOR USE ON SMALL. LAWNS.
Prices— 20s., 25s., 30s.
Can be set up either with or without a Court marked
out on the grass.

CUFF BROTHERS,
BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS,
I & 2, Snargate Street, Dover.
A 33 l2

HENRY ADAMS,
ELMS YALE DAIRY
Near DOYEE.

Families Supplied with PORE MILK direct from the milking Twice Daily.

bailor, Matter & H osier
MARKET SQUARE, DOVER,
(OPPOSITE THE LONDON- & COUNT'S- BANK )
Colonel B. — M. says:-' The suit you made me fits admirably."
Sole Agent for Dover and District for Dr. Jaeger's Sanitary Woollen System,
DAVID HOULDEN,
21, SNARGATE STREET, DOVE]},
Dressmaking by Experienced Assistants.
m BRXSSEHDEH,
CYCLE & PERAMBULATOR WORKS
CAMBRIDGE ROAD, DOVER.

Cycles, Perambulators, Mail Carts, Wicker Bath Chairs, and Tents
for Sale or Hire.
REPAIRS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
A 34

BUTCHER,
RICHARD ELGAR,

PURVEYOR $gfea$*k^]8 OF MEAT

To H.R.H. The %£8NBB8i Me of Connaught.
SMALL SCOTCH
AND
WELSH MOUNTAIN MUTTON,
From Montgomeryshire, Clun Forest, the Cheviot and Grampian
Hills, &c.
Families supplied with First-class Meat of all descriptions al the
lowest Market Frices.
4, SNAEGATE STREET,
(Near Cuff Brothers' Library), DOVER.

COURT & Co.

3

Importers of Wines & Spirits,
Branch Office — 12, BENCH STREET.
Head Office, Cellars, & Bonded Vaults -SNARGATE STREET,
DOVER.

ESTABLISHED 1807.
Registered Telegraphic Address,
Telephone No 230, "COURT, DOVER,"
A 35

ESTABLISHED 1853.

H. HUMPHREY,
tobacconist, AND
IMPORTER OF FOREIGN CIGARS
& CIGARETTES,
3, SNARGATE STREET, DOVER.
CLUBS, OFFICERS' MESSES, AND HOTELS SUPPLIED.
Proprietor of the Celebrated Dover Mixture, Medium and Mild.
HENRY HARRIS,
1£@sfii©Fiafe>Ie; Bootm<aBe;r
14, KING STREET, MARKET SQUARE, DOYER.
IMPORTER of FRENCH BOOTS and SHOES.
A hmje Apartment ut I ABIES' and GEXTLEMEX'S BOOTS
and SHOES of the Finest llewription.
Ladies' & Gentlemen's Tennis Shoes, with Leather & India-rubber Soles.

The licit workmen only being iniplnyeil, any (roods, whether selected from
xtock, or made tu measure (to wliich the jicrsonnl care of the Proprietor will be
given ), cun be guaranteed ns being of nnusnnl excellence.
BOOT-TOP POWDER AND FLUIDS IN ALL COLOURS.
VARNISH AND BRUSHES.
MAXW .KIEL'S I'ATKN-1' Sri'RS &• BOXES.
A 36

JUt)l2$U12 & KttGD,
^aifot0t
NEW BRIDGE, DOVER,
AND
5, GREAT PULTENBY STREET,
LONDON, W.
MILITARY UNIFORMS. BREECHES.
LADIES' HABITS AND JACKETS.
LIVERIES.
•
And all descriptions of Tailoring of the highest excellence at
the Lowest Cash Prices.
SDox>er Stan6ar6
«< if KENTISH ADVERTISER. >>
PRICE ONE PENNY.
(©II^GULAIPION, 3,100 fr5EE^LY.

Contains all the News of the Week relating- to Dover and the Surrounding
District, from Special Correspondents.
EIGHT PAGES. FORTY-EIGHT COLUMNS.
WANTED ADVERTISEMENTS, Fifteen Words, 6d.
A 37

ESPLANADE HOTEL
FOB,
J-otiTJlicB, Gentlemen, at\d Tourists,
Pleasantly situated on tee Mabixe Promenade, axd near to
Railway Stations and Steam Packets.

9*

Coffee, Reading, a. private sitting rooms.
DOVER.
WM. CESSFORD, Proprietor.
  rTj7

&/aMi&e/ ¦/&$.

The Xlirxerie

cie<lc/i (J) ten /(_ ea.ee, a i/ei jjtlf/i AAaa,
.(/:ciiel.
3t  "  »%

Under the Special Patronage of the Royal Thames Yacht Club.
SULTANA, SLftil AND
BRIDE, ZESffifiS DESSERT
MOULD, J^kKS CAKE8.
ROBERT TRXTTON,
Dy Anointment to H.R.H. the Duke of Connai-ght,
E?ASrFl^Y-(i>00^ &± (30NFEGJFI0NEI^
FANCY BREAD <5r- BISCUIT BAKER,
57, STBOND STKEET, DOVEB,
Anil :(t RIVER.

A

.10

A UtlOlCE STOCK OF

NUREMBERG CASKETS
Copied from Originals, in Solid Brass, from £t is. to £2 5s.

BRASS SETS.

BRASS INKSTANDS, CANDLESTICKS, ETC.,
In a variety of Elegant Designs, Antique and otherwise.

SCISSORS AS USED IN OLDEN TIMES,
Steel Blades, Brass Sheath and Handles, 3/6, 4/6, 5/6, 9/-, 10/6 each.

Iikjueur, $3gar, ancf @an\e $afrr\d
A GREAT NOVELTY,
Containing 3 Pint Cut-Glass Bottles, Glasses, Nickel Trays, &c.
Dark Oak, with Nickel Mounts, forming an elegant piece of
Furniture for the Sideboard,
£8.

LADIES' HAIR BRUSHES, 18/- per pair.
MILITARY HAIR BRUSHES, m/- per pair.
CLOTHES BRUSHES, 7/6 HAT BRUSHES, s/--
TRAY AND COMB, 29/6.

AT

Guff ;%offierg' J^aqcY i?epqgifoi$
1 & 2, SJMARG/cTE STREET, DOVER.
a 39'

ESTABLISHED UPWARDS OF HALlf A uiiiuki.

ATKINS & SON
9, KING STREET, MARKET SQUARE,

DOVER,

High-Class Practical Boot Makers, •!?
¦¦•Hill' Military and Rilling Boot Makers,

Ladies', Gentlerneris, and Childreris Boots and Shoes of
every description in Stock ready for Immediate Use.
ATKINS & SON.

Established 1834. Telephone No. 211.
B\\lF\EViD BROS.
UJirie <fe Spirit Importers
ALE <P STOUT MERCHANTS,
11 AMD 12, MARKET SQUARE,
AND
5 and 6, Last Lane, Dover.

A 40

At CUFF BROTHERS,
Book, Stationery, & Fancy Repository
FOB THE
PORTRAIT SeREEJSIS.-fORTK^AIT ST/cNDS.
PORTRAIT fRAJVlES.
For Imperial, Cabinet, or Carte de Visites, with or without Gilt and
Silver Mountings.
JEWEL ©ASES-JslECESS/clRES-pURSES, ETC.,
Of the Newest and Best Designs.

PROTOGRAPRltf Aimmz
Embracing the Latest Novelties in

The Choicest Patterns of 10/6 ILLUMINATED ALBUMS

At CUFF BROTHERS,
BOOKS, STATIONEKY, and

-!'¦/

7 and 2, SNARGATE STREET, DOVER.
A 41

TELEPHONE No. 246.

W. WYLE3.
1, NEW BRIDGE, DOVER,

{From J. Bell & Co.)

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS & CHEMICALS,

Lancaster k Underwood's Cameras,
Eastman's Kodak Cameras.
Platinotype Paper.
Ilford Bromide Paper.

Ilford Plates, Ordinary Rapid and
Extra Rapid, all sizes in stock
or to order.
Edwards' Isochromatic, and
Paget Plates.

ALL AT MANUFACTURERS- PRICES.

ENLARGING LANTERN TU BE LET ON HIRE
At 2s. 6d. Per Week.

DARK ROOM for the convenience of Amateurs
AT MODERATE CHARGES.

SENSITIZED PAPER, iod. per sheet, or in i - packets ; TONING
SOLUTIONS and DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS, r- and a-.
A 42

gall at
Cuff IBrothers,
$taiioneri arid Jfonq? Repository,
i, SNARGATE STREET, & NEW BRIDGE,
_ DOVER.
^or the
(§csi (t Cfytdft&t Qtofe (paper g Bnnfopcs

And the

;GeweBi ancf jSe^si ^faiioner^ oj every descijipfion.

Joynsons' Superfine Cream Laid Note Papers.
De La Rue's Pergamena and Imperial Treasury Note Papers.
Standard and Silurian Note Papers and Envelopes.
Foreign Note Papers and Envelopes.

Note Papers in Packets, 6|d., i/, 1/6, 2/3, 3/-.
Envelopes, id., 2d., 3d., 4d., 5d., 6d., per Packet.
Good Business Envelopes, 4/- per iooo.

Mf[8 following §ept in Is. Bnxes : —
" Dyptica " Rough Edge Note and Envelopes.
" Duplex "Tinted Note and Envelopes.
" Automatic Lock " Envelopes and Note.
" Primrose " Wove Note and Envelopes.
" New Court " Envelopes and Note stamped in Gold Relief.
" Porcelain " Correspondence Cards and Envelopes.
" Flaxman's" Illustrated Cards and Envelopes.
R. Tuck's Illustrated Post Cards and Envelopes.
"Invitation for Tennis" Post Cards and Envelopes, and
various other Descriptions.

s\t guff 3rothers' ^Sk*'0"81*8, j2)over-

A 43

rfl-

^

^)qVqt.

3\U ©Id-Qstablished ^igh-glass ^cheol
Jor «O01s °J (gentlemen, conducted by
^adies, and assisted b/ ^esidenj "^Juters
( {University ff)en Y
^he Rouses are situated ot| high ground,
jive minutes' walk from the sea.

(Boob tftfftssrouno, % tgflegf (geferenceg.

J\pp!y to
The Misses Cordeaux,
3 &, 4, CHURCH VILLAS. \
B  —  ^

A 44

(3ohn Lxui^ey § Sons,
& LIOUE

, Ul IIIIIU,
SOLE PROPRIETORS of the "ELGIN WHISKY"
(Choice Old Highland,)
Guaranteed of the Finest Quality, and Distilled from Pure Malt, only,
ALSO, THE
"WICKLOW WHISKY/'
The Perfection of Irish Malt; warranted absolutely genuine.
Agents for Burgoyne's Australian and Max Greger's
Hungarian Wines, Malcolm "Wilson's Invalid
Port, and Armbrecht's Tonic Coca "Wines.
The Silver Spring Mineral "Water Company's Syphons
of Soda, Seltzer, Potass, Lythia "Waters, Lemonade,
Orange and Lemon Champagne for Temperance
Parties, &c, always in Stock.
Offices: 4, BENCH STREET, DOVER,
3, RENDEZVOUS ST., FOLKESTONE,
AND
30, HIGH STREET, CANTERBURY.

Bond Vaults: CUSTOM HOUSE QUAY, DOVER.
 — ?? 
PRICE LIST OF WINES, SPIRITS, BOTTLED AND CASK BEERS,
ON APPLICATION. a 45

RICHARD DICKESON # Compy,

:l:ea, jZoffce, and Provision jKcrcbai^fs,

M A R K JS x Xa A JN JB , D O v 3S K. .

Established 1649.

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 9002 03466 0309

¦a} '.¦•¦r;:'V";^,- ./ •;¦ ^:;:y:; '/'¦•, L A.-./1"

:¦:,:)
r.M

;;;:-:;:;-;!; ¦•:::»v:!:;vi ;;:•!: •:-v"::"";:"":|;i: »;;?:! ;!••::;••••

'.:?'''¦

;:;:;:;;:::.