YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

BRIDGETOWN, BARBADOES, IN 1750.

THE

DAILY JOURNAL OF
MAJOR GEORGE WASHINGTON,
in 1 75 1-2,

Kept while on a Tour from Virginia to the fslana of Barbadoes,
with his invalid Brother,
Mat. Lawrence Washington,
PROPRIETOR OK MOUNT VERNON ON THE POTOMAC.

COPIED FROM THE ORIGINAL WITH LITERAL EXACTNESS AND
EDITED WITH NOTES, BY
J. M. toner/ M. b.

ALBANY, N. Y.:
JOEL MUNSELL'S SONS, PUBLISHERS,
1892.

Copyrighted 1892,
By J. M. TONER, M. D.

INTRODUCTION.

The following daily Journal was kept by Major
George Washington during his voyage and visit to
the Island of Barbadoes in the fall and winter of
1 75 1-2. He was then between nineteen and twenty
years of age, had been a licensed surveyor in Vir
ginia for over three years and, shortly before sailing,
had been commissioned one of the Adjutants-Gene
ral of Virginia with the rank of Major and the pay
of ^150 a year. Although he made no pretensions
to having a finished education or to being an exten
sive reader of books, yet he was well informed in all
the affairs of life, and his manners and address pro
claimed him a gentleman and clearly indicated that
his associations were with men of character and cul
ture. If we had no other means of knowing the fact,
this Journal, of itself, would show that Washington
possessed strong and acute natural powers of obser
vation and that his mind was, for his years, unusually
matured and well stored with practical knowledge

4 Introduction.
and historical facts. His stay on the Island of Bar
badoes was brief and, owing to an attack of the small
pox, even part of that short time was spent in a sick
room, yet he acquired and recorded in his Jour
nal a wonderful amount of information about the
island, its climate, the character of its soil, its pro
ductions, population, commerce, resources, govern
ment, defenses, etc.
This journey to the West Indies was made as a
companion to his invalid brother, Major Lawrence
Washington, the proprietor of Mount Vernon on the
Potomac, in Virginia, who was suffering from a pul
monary disease which proved obstinate and induced
him to try the efficacy of a winter within the tropics,
in the hope of finding relief.
The affectionate attachment of these two brothers
for each other, though marked from early childhood,
was particularly so after the death of their father.
Lawrence was nearly fourteen years older than
George, had received a good education and had held
a Captain's commission in the British Army; had
traveled and seen much of the world; possessed busi
ness habits and decision of character, and being the
oldest son his father, by will, left the management of
affairs largely in his hands. Lawrence discharged
this trust with fidelity and to the satisfaction of all

Introduction. 5
concerned. Although still comparatively young, by
his enterprise and sound business judgment, he had
considerably increased his inheritance and, at the
same time, won the confidence and regard of the
leading men of Virginia as well as of a large circle
of influential persons in Great Britain. He had
never enjoyed a strong constitution, yet, by prudence
and energy, he had been enabled to transact a great
amount of business. During the year 1751, however,
his wife and brothers observed with alarm that the
graver symptoms of his complaint were not yielding
to treatment as formerly; accordingly the voyage
advised by his physician, was resolved upon ; all his
friends uniting in the opinion that George ought to
accompany him. George owed so much to this brother
for his fatherly care and his own rapid advancement
in life, that it seems proper to present these facts,
especially as it is to these circumstances that we owe
the existence of this interesting Journal. This old,
brown and faded manuscript written by Washington
in his youth is in a lamentable state of decay, so
much so that it no longer furnishes proof of the day
on which the brothers embarked, or the port from
which they sailed. Collateral records, however, in
part supply this data and inform us that they took
shipping on the Potomac river and sailed on the 28th

6 Introduction.
of September, 1 75 1, and landed at Bridgetown, the
capital of Barbadoes, on the 3d of November fol
lowing. George Washington while studying surveying had
also theoretically studied navigation ; but this voy
age offered an exceptionally good opportunity for
him to acquire a practical knowledge of the art,
which we may well suppose, from his early desire to
adopt a seafaring life, he eagerly embraced.
He ruled the pages of his diary, an improvised
book, to correspond to a ship's log-book and took
with regularity the daily, instrumental observations
made by navigators at sea, doubtless under the im
mediate instructions of the captain ; kept a record of
them in due form in his Journal, with such observa
tions on the weather, the winds, the sighting of other
vessels, the direction in which they were sailing, the
capturing of dolphin, shark and other fish from
time to time by the sailors, their method of taking
them on board and their preparation for the table of
such of them as were edible, etc. From a careful
inspection of that part of the Journal containing
Washington's log, if we may so term it, from the
Potomac river to Carlisle bay in Barbadoes, I am
inclined to the belief that the instrumental obser
vations recorded were, in the main, made by Wash-

Introduction. 7
ington himself as practical studies in navigation,
copying only the watches and the vessel's rate of
speed, etc., from the ship's log.
Unfortunately the paper on which the diary is
written was very poor ; or, if not originally of an
inferior quality, then the book has, in some manner,
been damaged so that the paper has lost its strength
and tenacity, breaking on the least handling, and has
already, to a considerable extent, crumbled into dust.
Page after page has already disappeared from the
volume, a fringe of many leaves, only, remaining
along the back where it is sewed. On these fringes
at places may be discovered a letter or word, the
beginning or ending of a line, as the case may be. I
have had copied every letter, word and sentence of
the Journal from beginning to end which can be
deciphered. The entire copy is spread out before
me, and with every desire to publish the Journal just
as it now exists, I am sensible, after a careful re-ex
amination of it, that the first part is so fragmentary
as to be practically unintelligible. I am, therefore,
constrained to print only that part which, though
mutilated, yet retains the thread of the narrative and
which fortunately proves to be the portion of greatest
interest. But as no page is perfect the reader will
have to supply missing words. The part here given

8 Introduction.
begins on the morning the vessel sighted the Island
of Barbadoes and concludes with the return of the
writer to Mount Vernon, in Virginia. The entire
manuscript copy, which I have had made of the
original document, will be bound and placed in
" the Toner Collection," in the Library of Congress,
for preservation, as it will outlast the original,
owing to the fragile and perishing condition of the
paper. I hazard but little in saying that no future
copyist will ever be able to make out more or as
much of the Journal as this transcript contains.
When this diary was examined and selections from
it made by the historian, Jared Sparks, it was in a
better state than it is at present ; one leaf, two pages,
from which he quoted are now missing. To pre
serve the continuity of the narrative, his excerpt from
the Journal of the 4th and 5th of November is em
bodied here. Every student of history will regret
the perishing and fragmentary condition of this pre
cious record, and must feel as though the govern
ment has scarcely done its duty in not having had an
exact transcript of it made, while it was possible to
have done so. I can only beg to assure the public
that every letter and word discernible from the be.
ginning to the end has been faithfully copied and
that which is printed is given with literal exactness.

Introduction. 9
Considering the imperfect condition of this Journal
it may and doubtless will be asked why print any part
of it ? The answer is that it contains valuable in
formation and supplies links in the chain of the his
tory of the early life of Washington. The American
people, I believe, wish to know Washington just as
he lived, from his cradle to his grave, and possess
his records just as he left them. And having pro
posed to myself to publish with literal exactness all
of Washington's journals and diaries that can be
discovered, it would not be consistent, or just, to
omit, knowingly, any intelligible part. To this end
I have had all of his discovered diaries and journals
copied and will, as soon as practicable, give them
with notes to the public, just as they left the hand of
Washington. J. M. T.

PREFACE

It is presumed that the reader, who may examine
this publication, would welcome a brief picture of
the Island of Barbadoes, with a glance at its social
life and commercial activity as they existed in r 75 1,
the date of George Washington's visit. It is prob
able that the frequent and intimate intercourse be
tween the residents of that island and the planters
of Virginia determined Major Lawrence Washing
ton to prefer Barbadoes to any other of the West
India Islands for his visit.
Barbadoes lies within the tropics and is the most
easterly one of the great chain of Caribbee islands.
It was discovered by the Portuguese navigators, who
named it the "bearded Island," "barbudo" or "Bar
bados," because of a fancied resemblance the foliage
and pendent mosses of its fig trees and other shrub
bery, as seen at a distance from their ships, had to
the human beard. Some feeble attempt was made
by them to settle and cultivate the Island, which they

Preface. 1 1
found had a rich soil and a most delightful climate.
The effort, however, was not persisted in or successful.
The Island contains about 166 square miles of
territory or 106,470 acres, nearly the whole of which
is capable of profitable cultivation.
The chief evidence that an attempt had once been
made to colonize the island before it was discovered
by the English in 1625, is the fact that hogs were
found on it in considerable numbers, the progeny
of those left there when a former effort to cultivate
the island had been abandoned. These animals had
multiplied and become quite wild. They served as
a valuable food supply to the first English adven
turers and planters. The evidences, too, that the
island had been occupied by Indians, were numerous
in the fragments of broken pottery, war implements
and other remains every where to be found. The
stream which empties into Carlisle bay still bears
the name of " Indian river," on account of the
numerous Indian relics found about its mouth. The
equableness of the climate, the fertility of the soil,
the prosperity of the early and sturdy planters
and the personal comforts to be obtained on the
island soon brought it into favor as a resort for
invalids, particularly those requiring change of cli
mate on account of pulmonary diseases. The ad-

1 2 Preface.
vantages to this class of patients were unequivocal
and substantial.
Many persons, after spending a few years on the
island and becoming attached to the life of a planter,
were encouraged to take up extensive tracts of land
in Virginia, and after a time to remove there or to
some one of the North American colonies. Inter
marriage and business relations between families
residing in Barbadoes and in the colonies were com
mon. The list of subscribers to the Rev. Griffith
Hughes' "[Natural History of Barbadoes," a folio
illustrated work published in London, 1 750, contains
the names of thirty-three residents of Virginia.
These names are as follows : Col. William Beverley,
Col. Richard Bland, Col. George Braxton, Col. Car
ter Burwell, Col. Lewis Burwell, Mr. John Bushrod,
Col. Charles Carter, Col. Landen Carter, Mr. 
Curtis, Jr., Maj. William Dangerfield, Rev. William
Dawson, president of the College of William and
Mary, Mr. Techarner Degraffenreid, Mr. Stephen
Dewey, Right Hon. Thomas, Lord Fairfax, Hon.
William Fairfax, Col. William Fitz-Hugh, Col. Joshua
Fry, Mr. William Kennar, Col. George Lee, Mr.
John Lee, Mr. Lunford Lomax, Mr. John Mercer,
Maj. Andrew Monroe, Thomas Nelson, Esq., Hon.
William Newton, Mr. Edward Pendleton, Mr. James

Preface.

13

Pomer, James Reid, Esq., Hon. John Robinson, Esq.
president of the Council, Col. Prestley Thornton,
Maj. Peter Wagener, Mr. George Webb, and Beverley
Whiting, Esq.
Much personal intercourse and a comparatively
large and active trade in the exchange of products
were carried on between the residents of Virginia and
of the Island of Bardadoes down to the period of the
American Revolution.
For civil and eclesiastical government the Island
was divided into eleven parishes, beginning at the
north and going south. The name, area, acreage
and population of each, as given in 1844 in Schom-
burgk's history of the Island, appear below. The
letter in parenthesis, after the name of each parish, is
intended as a key in the list of estates following, to
show in which parish the estate or estates are situated:

NAME.

St. Lucy (a) 
St. Peter (b) 
St. Andrews (c)..
St. James (d) 
St. Joseph (e) 
St. Thomas (f) . . .
.St. John(g) 
St. George (h). . . .
St. Michael (i). . . .
Christ Church (j).
St. Philip (k) 

Sq. miles. 13.6
I3.013-712.1 9.4
13-3
13-5 16.9
15.0
22.3
23-5

Acres. 8,7258,33°8,780
7,800
6,OIO 8,55°8,600
io,795 9,58o
14,310
15,040
106,470

Population. 6.934 8,343 5.9955,704
6,753 8,504
8,538
10,174
34,344 14,089
12,820
122,198

1 4 Preface.
At the period when Washington wrote his Journal,
slavery existed on the Island and the estates were, as a
general fact, larger than at the present time. Popu
lation has gradually increased on the Island and the
policy has been to encourage the division of larger
plantations and promote small holdings, so that now
the whole Island is cultivated as carefully as a garden.
Schomburgk, before referred to, says that in 1840
there were 1,874 land-owners of one acre or more,
383 of whom were females.
He classes them thus: 239 persons owned 1 acre,
236 owned 2 acres, 116 owned 3 acres, 116 owned 4
acres, 73 owned 5 acres, 47 owned 6 acres, 51 owned
7 acres, 34 owned 8 acres, 20 owned 9 acres and 940
owned 10 acres and upwards.
The following are the names of the owners of the
chief plantations in Barbadoes as given in the map
which accompanies the Rev. Mr. Hughes' " Natural
History of Barbadoes," already referred to, printed
in 1750. The names are taken from his map and
are arranged in alphabetical order, the letter affixed
indicates in which particular parish the estate or
estates are situated, and the figures, the number of
estates owned in each parish. Readers will at once
recognize the identity of many names of the owners of
lands in Barbadoes with well-known names among the

Preface. 1 5
early settlers in the United States, numbers of whom
were connected by descent or marriage : Adams, j, 5,
k, 2. Agard, a. Alamby, d, f. Alexander, k. All
Saints Church, b. Allemby, i. Allen, e, j. Allen &
Murry, k. Alleyne, b, c, 2, d, 2, g, h, i, j. Alms
House, h. Andersto, b. Anderston, b. Andrew, d.
Andrews, e. Antherly, k. Applewhaite, f. Archer, a.
Arnell, b. Arnott, a. Arthur, i. Ashby, g. Ash-
ford, f. Ashurst, j. Astin, f. Athurst, j. Atkins, j.
Austin, f, j. Bailey, e. Baker, b, k. Balgay, e. Ball,
b, f, i, j. Banker, k. Bannister, f, 2. Banyn &
Jones, g. Barker, j. Barney, h, i. Barron, i. Bar
ron, a. Barry, g, j. Bart, g. Bartlet, j. Barwick, i.
Bate, g, 2. Batson, h. Battyn, h. Bay, k. Bayn
ton, i. Beal, g. Beck, h. Beckles, j. Bell, h. Bell-
grove, b. Bennet, j. Bernard, d. Bernert, b. Ber
wick, d. Best, b. BewcockJ. Billington, d. Bishop,
k. Bishop, a. Bisser, e. Blockgrove, j. Blake, e.
Blath, k. Blenman, d, h. Boaz, k. Bond, h. Bon
net, i. Booding, j. Booth, i. Botman, g. Bottom, k.
Boucher, k, 2. Bourn, j. Bourne, j, 2. Bowma, g.
Boyce, a. Brace, h. Brandon, f. Brathwaite, k.
Bready, j. Brewster, k. Brigges, h. Brown, d, 2.
Browne, a. Bryan, f, k, 2. Bruce, c. Bruerton, j.
Bull, i. Bullard, f. Burgas, c. Burk, h. Bushel, k.
Butcher, e, h, j, 3. Butler, j. Buttall, h. Bwin, f.

1 6 Preface.
Bycraft, j. Byrch, i. Cadogon, a. Calvin, f.
Carew, j. Carlton, f. Carmichael, e. Carney, i.
Carrington, k, 2. Carter, i, j. Carter, c, 2, i, j. I.
Carter, f. W. Carter, f. Cartwell, f. Casie, b, d.
Cecil, f. Chalky, c. Charnock, j, 2, k. Charnot, j.
Chase, b, c, d, j, 2. I. Chase, j. Cheasman, e.
Cheete, c. Christ Church, j. Clark, b, f, h, k, 3.
Clay, i. Claypole, k. Clinket, f. Clinton, a, b.
Cluterbuck, b. Cobham, c, f. Codrington, i. Cod-
rington College, Society of, g, 2. Cogon, i. Cojear,
a. Cole, c, d, k. Collens, d, j. Colleton, b, g, k.
Corner, j. Cox, d, e, 2, f, k. I. Cox, e. Copland, d.
Crask, g. Crichlow, j, 5. Croft, i. Crowe, b. Crul,
a. Cull, h. Culpeper, g, 2, k, 2. Cumberbatch, c, 2.
Curtis, k. Cutting, j. Dakers, b. Darby, f. Darne,
c. Daven, h. Davis, c, e, f, i, j. Daws, j. Daw
son, b. Decas, a. Denning, b. Donee, d. Dome, c.
Dotin, c, 3, f. Dotins, b. Douglas, a. Downing, d.
Dow, a, b. Dowel, j. Downs, f. Drake, k. Drars
Hope, h. Draxs Hall, h. Draycot, j. Drink, g.
Duffey, i. Duke, f, g. Dunkley, i. Durise, i. Earl,
f. Eastmond, g. Eaton, e. Edwards, c, d. Elecok, f.
Elcot, h. English, a. Evans, j, k. Farnham, a.
Farr, b. Feake, e. Fennel, i. Fercherso, d. Fin-
ley, h. Fisher's Pond, e. Fletcher, a. Forbs, i.
Ford, j, 4. Forster, b. Fort, h. Fortescue, k.

Preface. 1 7
Foster, e. Franklin, k, 3. Free School, h. Frere,
h, i, 2, j, 2, k. French, h. Freve, j. Friz, k. Gallop,
f, g Gamble, i, 2. Garden, j. Garret, i. Gaskin,
f, 2. Gaslin, b. Gatten, j. Gayalleyne, b. Gibbs,
d. Gibs, d. Gibbes, c, 2, d, f, 3, i, k. Gibbons, b,
2, h, i, j. Gibson, d. Gilbert, k. Giscomb, a.
Gittens, k, 2. I. Gittens, k. Jo. Gittens, k. Godwyn,
i. Goodman, e. Gordon i, j. Gough, a, h. Gould-
ing, a. Graeme, j. Graha, a. Grant, e. Graves, a.
Gray, i, j. Green, i, 2. Greenwich, j. Gresset, i.
Griffin, k. Griffith, a, 2, k. Gritton, k. Grove, c. i.
Gubbens, f. Gullston, g. Gutter, b, 2. Hacket, a.
Hagbourn, b. Haggard, i. Haggatts, i, j. Hall,
f, h, k. Haines, c. Hannay, d, j. Hainnis, b, g, h.
Harper, e, f, i. Harris, a, b, c, i, 2, j. Harrison, a,
2, b, 3, c, 3, d, h, i, 2. Hart, g. Harwood, f. Haw
kins, i. Hawksworth, b. Hayes, j. Haynes, g.
Hayns, b. Helms, f. Henry, e. Hill, g, i. Hillar,
k, 2. Highemfal, i. Hinds, a, b, 2. Holder, b, c, 3,
d, e, 2, f, g, h,k, 2. Hole, h. I. Hole, i. Hollins, g.
HoUinsivo, a. Holloway, b. Homer, a, j, 2, k. Hope,
h. Hooper, f, h, i. Horsham, b. Howard, f, j, k.
Howel, g. Hothersall, g, 2, i. Huls, j. Husbands,
g. Hussey, a, 3. Huts, k. Hutton, g. Hyans, f.
Ince, k. Ireland, j. Jack, i. Jackman, k. Jack
son, i, 2. Jacobs, c, i. Jalin, i. James, j. Jarvas, c.

1 8 Preface.
Jarwood, a. Jeepens, c. Jenkins, d. Jenot, a. 2.
Jemmot, j. Jolly, k. Johns, a. Johnston, c. Jones,
e, h, 2, j, k. Jones & Banyn, g. W. Jones, h.
Jordan, a, d, f, h. B. Jordan, a. H. Jordan, a. I. Jor
dan a, 2. S. Jordan, a. Kallender, j. Kely, g
Ken, a. Kennel, a. Kidder, h. Kieth, i. King,
d, 3, h. Kirkham, i. Kirton, j, k. Knight and Pul-
man, i. Lacock, a. Lake. c. Lane, i. Lapthorn, b.
Lascells, d, g. Lashley, k, 2. Law, d, 2. Lawes, i.
Lawr, d, f. Lawren, i. Lawrence, i. Lee, d. Lenoir,
i, 2. Lesslie, g. Lewe, h. Lewes, i,j. Lloyd, b. g.
Long, d. Louther, j. Lucas, j. Luke, d, f, i.
Lyon, g. Lyte, h. McCarty, i. McClure, a. Mc-
Cully, h. McMahon, h. Mallard, c. Malony, k.
Man, k. Mane, j. Map, k. Mapp, j. Marshall, c.
Marten, b, f, i. Martendale, f. Martin, h. Mashart,
j. Mason, e. Masse, i. Maverick, a, 2, d. May-
cock, a, 2, b. Maycoye, j. Maynard, b, 3, f. May-
ner, i. Maxwell, j, 2. Mead, c. Mellows, d, e.
Miller, g, h, 2, i. Milles, c, 2. Millington, k, 2. Mon
roe, b. Ld. Montford, g, 2. Moor, g, h, i, 2. Moore, j.
Morgan, e. Morrick, k. Morris, i, j. Mosley, g.
Mousley, g. Mower, j. Murry, i, 2. Murry &
Allen, k. Mynard, j. Murphy, k. Neal, g. Nor-
ville, b. Nichols, f. Nightengal, j. Nurse, g, 2, j.
Newton, k, 3. Odel, f. Oray, j. Osborne, b, c, g,

Preface. 1 9
i, k, 2. Palmer, h, k. Park, c. Parsons, e, j, k
Parry, i. E. Pat, k. Payne, g. Pemberton, h
Peers, j, 2. Penza, i. Peris, g. Perrin, k. Perry
e. 2, i. Peters, a, 2, j. Philips, j, 2. Pinder, j
Piere, d. Pickering, a. Pilgrim, i, j, 2, k. Piggot
d, i. Platt, h. Pollard, k. Pooler, a. Poor, i, 3
Poyer, a. Price, j, k. Pritchard, j. Quaker Meet
ing House, a, f. Quintine, g, k. Rallston, b. Ram
say, j. Rawlins, j, k, 2. Reder, a. Redwood, c.
Rice, k, 3. Rich, j. Richards, c. Richar, j. Ridg-
way, d, f, i. Robert, i, 2. Roberts, h, j. Robinson,
h, 2, k. Rogers, f. Rose, k. Rosney, d. Ross, b.
Rouse, g, 3. Row, a. H. Row, a. Rudor, c, e.
Rycraft, j. St. Andrew's Church, c. St. Ann's
Castle, i. St. George's Church, h. St. John's
Church, g. St. Joseph's Church, e. St. Lucy's
Church, a. St. Philip's Church, k. St. Thomas's
Church, f. Sad, f. Saer, k, 2. Sainthill, g. San-
ford, k, 2. Salmoe, i. Salter, h. Sampson, f. Scan-
terbury, b, 2. Scot, g, i, j. Scott, b, d, 2. Seargent
k. Sheets, f, 2. Sherard, i. Shew, i. Shocknas, a
Simmonds, i. Simsons, a. Sisnet, k. Six Paths, k,
Slingsby, d. Small, k. Smiton, h. Smith, d, e, k
Snow, i. Sober, b, 2. Sommers, a, h. Spencer, f.
Spright, i. Squire, i. Stanford, c. Stanley, j
Stanton, h. Starky, a. Stephens, i. Stewart, g, j

20 Preface.
Sullivan, b. Sutton, h, i. Swan, c. Tayler,^k, 2.
Taylor, g, h, 2, j, k. Tait, c, d, e, f. Terrill, a. 2, b, j.
Terry, i. Thorn, e, 4, j. Thomas, d, 3. Thorn, e,
2, i, j. I. Thorn, e. Thornhill, a. Toppins, g.
Topyun, j. Towns, g. Treasure, b. Trent, d.
Tudor, i. Tunks, i. Turton, i. Tuson, j. Vaughn,
e, 2, k. Vaughn & Carmichael, e. Vodry, k. Wait,
d, k. Wakefield, i. Walcot, e, g, k. Walk, f. Wal
ker, b, 2, c, e, f, h. Wall, b. R. Wall, k. Waller, b.
Walter, d, 2. Wandswo, i. Ward, b, c, i. Warner, j.
Warren, g, i. Waterman, b, e, i. Webb, e, k. C.
Webb, k. Weeks, k, 2. Wells, b, 2. Welsh, d.
Whitaker, i. White, i, 2. Widon, i. Wilcox, j. Wil-
dey, i. Wilk, k. Williams, a, d, e, f, k. Wilse, k.
Wiltshire, h. Witaker, a, b. Withers, i. Wood, k.
Woodber, i. Worrel, f. Worsham, h. Wright, b.
Wye, g. Yeamons, d. Yermouth, d.

JOURNAL.1

[The first leaves of Washington's Journal to Barbadoes have crumbled to
dust and are lost. The following words and parts of words remain along
the inner margin of the Journal on what is assumed to have been pages i,
2, 3. 4.]

[ist page.]

[2d page.]

[3d page.]

[4th page.]

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1 This Journal was put in the publisher's hands, regretfully omitting the
mutilated parts as unintelligible. After all the copy that had been furnished,
was in type, the editor was pleased to find that Mr. Munsell's skill had
presented the damaged parts of the Journal in a form so much better than
he had expected was possible, that his desire was revived to produce the
entire Journal as it exists. On presenting the proposition to the publishers,
although it gives them much trouble and expense, they have in the interest
of truth and history, consented to do the best they could and give the docu
ment entire. So, notwithstanding what is said in the preface and introduction,
which was printed before this resolution was taken concerning the omissions
there spoken of, and the reasons for them, the whole Journal, as it now
exists, is here given, with all its imperfections, which are many, and sub
scribers and purchasers may rely upon the statement here made, that they
have every word and letter that can be deciphered in Washington's Journal
to the Barbadoes, without omission or alteration.

22

Majr. Go. Washington's
[5th page.]

kn".

Com*.

Winds

Remarks for Saturday 29"

EsE

N E

this 2
of

s

EBN

[6th

Page-]

Winds
tr.
Course
dist".
Diff of Lat9
Lat.
SEBS
89
74m'" 
34°-29'
m
219 East
60' East
69—55..
K"
Course
Winds
[7th page.]
Remarks for Sunday 30th
4
SEBS E
EBNEast
The foregoing
at East
SE
[8th page.]
Sailto the
Course
dist"
diff" of Lat«
Latitude
W<
SWJW
m
36 El
m
28 s° 
33°— 34'
28
69—59
Barbadoes Journal.

23

K"

Course

Winds

n
NE'

SSEESEEBS

[gth page.]
Remarks for Wednesday 2d

Got under
stay so
great

Gib Mod

[loth page.]

9E'

East

119

33 —37

402 .E —

142 — E —

66 

1—1 te 0

Remarks for Fryday 4tt

cUi
0

1+

East

North

This Twenty four hours clear Weather &

4
Little Wind with great Sea from the N° Ward
6
1+
NBE
8
2±
10
ii
12
i4
D" Weather & Clear
2
1+
4
1*
6
2
8
2
N W
discovered a Sail bearing W S W — distance
10
2+
2 Leagues She appears to be a sloop stands
[torn]
3
East
WNW
to ye I
:» w
E'
East
58
00-00
33-37
460 —
oo* 70'— E'
65 [torn]
24

Majr. Go. Washington's

o

Remarks for Saturday 5

h

co 5
6 8
10 12 2
46 8
10
ST o
3*3--
34343*2*343434 34
24 2
East
East East
N°W. E
N»N»
N«W.
These 24 hours had Moderate Winds from
the N° with Smooth Sea & clear weather
made all the Sail we cou'd — Righted all
the Riggan
cV*O
3E'
EBS
75
00 — 130
33°— 24'
533-E'
87— E'
63—37
i — I
te o
K"
Course
Wind
Remarks for Sunday. .6*
co 6 8
1012 2
46 S
IO
te" o
3432+2i 24 t
I*i4 i4
East
[•Calm East
North West
This Day for the first part little Wind Fair
Weather & smooth Sea —
Catched a Dolphin2 at 8 P. M. a Shark3
at 11 & a One of his pilot fish4 the Dalpin
& pilot fish was dressed for Dinner
Sprung up a Little breeze of Wind at W S W
which WaverM to and from the N°
co
|
m
39
E'
EiS.
m
39 D
oo"-3'N'>
32°-27'
572 El
OO-46-E
62—5
'' Dolphin, a comparatively common fish in most parts of the ocean, is
from five to eight feet in length, and is very active in its habits. The flesh
is white and eaten by sailors and persons at sea with relish. The changing
colors of the dying dolphin have been the theme of much comment by natu
ralists and poets.
Barbadoes Journal.

25

'Shark; this fish from its peculiarly formed jaw and teeth is also called
the dog fish. Some of the species are harmless to man but others are par
ticularly ferocious and dangerous. They are numerous and found in all
parts of the sea and along shore.
4 Pilot fish, so named from the once common belief that it acted as a pilot
to the shark. It is active, gracefully formed and handsomely marked with
seven black cross or circling bands around its body. This fish is edible
but is rarely taken of a size much exceeding a foot in length.

H"

K"

Course

Winds

Remark

's for Mu

nday j*

1—1 c
O

ii

East

SW

But Little Wind at S. W. & S° with calm smooth

^4

ii

Sea and fair Weather Saw many fish swimming
6
ii
ab' us of which a Dalphin we catch1 at Noon
8
ii
ESE
but cou'd not intice with a baited hook two
10
ii
Baricootas6 which played under our Stern for
12
3--
South
some Hours the Dalpin being small we had it
2
2. .
dressed for Supper
4
ii
6
ii
8
ii
10
24
2
2i
ESE
South
\
0 nt9
Course
dist"
D iff. Lat"
Latitude
M" dist9
Din* Long"
Longitude
6— E'
E£S.
m
46 D
00° — 2'S.
33°— 25'
M.618E'
oo"— 55' E'
61°— 54'—
5 Barracuda, a voracious fish of from six to ten feet in length, common
in the Atlantic ocean and particularly so about the Bahama Islands. It is
edible at certain seasons.
20

Majr. Go. Washington s

o

34242. .
1+
i4
2
34
4— 343i
44

Course

Wind

Remarks

for Tuesday 8"1

c
o 68
1012 246 8
10

ESEESE
ESE

S W
S w
wsw

Small Wind at S W. with Smooth Sea & fair
Weath' was attended by a large Dalpin swims
around y* ship that wou'd not be insnar'd by any
bait we cou'd lay

ep° M

1— .
te 0
m
66 — E
ESE
71 D
oo° — 27' s
32—58'
684 E
01° — 19' E
c
60— 2
l_4
H"
K"
Course
Winds
Remarks for Wednesday 9"1
32i24
34
4444444 5# .
ESE
WSW
Fine clear Weather with moderate Gales of Wind
and smooth Sea for the first part the latter was
6
8
10
S W
12
4 ft
S W
S
10 12
5454
ESE
WSW
ent9
Course
dist9
difPof Lat
Latitude
M' dist9
DifPLong.
Longitude
4E<
EBSJS
100 D
00° — 31'S.
32°— 27'
77SE'
01° — 5o'E'
58°— 45
Barbadoes Journal.

27

r

K"

Course

Wind

Remarks

for Thursday. . io* 

54
6

SE

WSW

54

Clear Weather Moderate Breese & Smooth Sea
8 | 5-
10 I 41
12 4i
SE
WSW
2- 44
4
5-
6
34
WNW
8
3"
10
¦)-
12
«i
SE
¦»
86 E
SEBE
105 D
00-57'
31*— 3°'
864 E
01"— 40' E
57
H'
K"
Courses
Wind
Remarks
for Fryday il"1 .
••
68
1012 2
468
10
12
2i
2- 14
I-
I-
24
SSE
-Calm
EB W
N N W
SEBE
Light Breese of Wind for the first part which
died away Espyed a Sail at 3 P M to the S W.
ep 1° E
5 M
SBE
27 D
00° — 26' S
3i°— °4'
870— E
00° — 6' — E
56-59—
28

Majr. Go. Washington's

t

K»

Courses

Wind

Remarks

for Saturday I2"1

34

EBN

SEBS

Fresh gales of Wind at S S E and wavering

3-
with clear & pleasant Weather — saw the sale
6
3-
East
SSE»
mention'd the preceding day
8
34
10
34
12
34
2
5-
4
3-
handed the Sprit Sail & flying Jib -
6
3-
8
3i
10
3-
12
3-
*
m
79 M
EBS
8l
oo\i4'N
31°— 18'
949 E>
oi° — 32'E'
5
Hr
K»
Course
Wind
Remark
3 for Sunday y* i;
th
fee
3+-
EBS
S BE
c
3—
Light and variable Winds have attended this
06
2
EBS1S
South
Dav with hazey Weather & some Squales of
-8 3-
small Rain — R F S at io P M —
IO ! 2 —
12 2 —
ESE
South
2
3—
4
3—
6
3—
EBS
SBE
8
2
SSE
S° —
IO
2
SSE
S W —
12
ii
9 M
East
m
59 D
oo — oo
31°— 18'
1008 E'
01° — 09' E
54.18—
Barbadoes Journal.

29

Remarks for Munday 14"
ST 0c56
^8 10
12 2
46 8
10
12
2- 2 14
3
2i
ESE
' SBE
-Calm
South
SWBW E'
Light & variable Winds for the i1' part y9
Latter Calm with a great Swell from y9 South
ward Saw a Sail at 2 pm at 4 — discover'd
her to be a Brigantine stands to the Westward.
»— 1
te 0
1— 1
te 0
c0 E'
SEBE
m
22 D
00°— 12'S
3i°-o6'
1026
.00*-^2l'E«
[torn
u.'^j ¦
K"
Course
Wind
Remarks for Tuesday 15"
1 — 1
1  1
ta
3-
S° 
EBS
Fresh and Wavering Gales with
ta
4
contending Seas from Southwar
c
0
4
& N» Ward
0
¦^8
4
^
10
4
ESE
12
3i
SSW.
SE
2
3
4
3
6
3
SWBS
SEBS
8
2*
10
1
SSW.
SE
12
3
SWBS
SEBS
1— 1
te
A
0
i
c
m
ID
0 19W
SBW
80 D
or"— 16'S
29°— 5°'
I007-E1
oo'-^'.W.
54—19'
1—1
}o

Majr. Go. Washington s

K"

Course

Wind

Remark

5 for Wednesday

16

ta1

\

SWBS

EE BS

The first part fresh & wavering Winds with

c

.34

some Squals of Rain the Latter Strong Wind
o
3^
S W
SSE
with hard Squals which turn'd to a heavy
^8
34
SWBW
SBE
settled Rain at 3PM. OMTSitAM 6
IO
3-
R F S at io D R F S at II H F S
12
.34
2
3-
WSW
S»
4
3i
'
6
44
8
4"
0
3i
te'2
2-
o
c
1—
o
ta
' — '
0
m DBS
ddp
c
W.
WSW
8o
30
29 — 20'
932 E»
01° — 26'
55 i,
K'1
Course
Wind
Remark
3 for Thu
rsday 17
th
fcc 0c06
^8 10
2-ii 11
ESESBE
S B W
W S W
N W'
calm N W
N°
Hard gales of Wind and Rain 'till 4 P M; wh *g
the Wind got to the Westward and moderated c
12 was calm with a disturb'd and large Sea 0
which eminently endanger'd our masts ^
roling away 'till reliev'd by a small N° W'
breese at 2 A M we crowded all the Sail we
cou'd to steady her going which scarcely had
the desirM effect : Discovered a Sail standing
to the N° Ward of us at 10 a : m
2
46 8
10 2
11
iii4
2-24
SBE
le 0
0 25 E'
SEJE'
33 D
00° — 21'
28°— 59'
957— E'
00 — 29' E'
55°— 16'
Barbadoes Journal.

K"

Course

Wind .

Remarks for Frid

ay i8'h

is o56
iT.8 IO

34 5-
444i 5

SBE

N»
N E'

A Large Sea & some Squals of Rail & fresh
Breeze 'till 2 am the wind died away & rem'd
calm untill 9. with Settled Rain — when a
N E' Storm & Squals of Rain succeded the
Rain with intermission the wind without

12 2
46 8

5
4i

} 

Calm

O 2
6i 7i
SBE
N E'
-
te1 o
te 0
B 5 E'
SiE'
92 D
01°— 31'S
27° — 28'
966 E'
00°— io'E'
eO
K"
Course
Wind
Remark
3 for Saturday 19th
te 0
4
Calm N» E'
N°ofNN
1—1
Hard Squals of Wind and Rain with a f *§
mented Sea jostling in heaps occasion c
u
0
¦¦^8
2
SV
Try up
by the Wavering wind which in 5
W. 24 hours Veer'd the Compass not ^
remaining 2 hours in any point the Seamen
seem'd disheartned confessing they never had
seen such weather before it was universally
surmis'd their had been a violent hurricane
not far distant a prodigy in y" West appear'd
towards y9 suns setting ab' 6AM remarkable
for its extraordinary redness
12 246 8
0
in 0
3—3-2i 11
South
S W." '
East
calm D°
SE'
s
0
W'
S. S W-
m
33 D
00° — 30' S
26'— 58'
M954E1
00° — 14' W.
55—20
Majr. Go. Washington s

"3

K."

Course

Wind

Remarks

for Sunday — 20lh

O

4

SBE

N E'
calm
N E:
N»ofNNW

A Constant succession of hard Winds,
Sauals of Rain, & Calms was the remar

8

2

SW
Try up

kable attendants of this day which was so
sudden & flighty we durst not go under
any but reef'd Sails & those that we cou'd
D R at 6 A M put ab' to the Eastward A
sloop that for the two preceding Days was
sight of us hung out a Signal but wheth •— 1
distress or not we are uncertain if it had "g
were incapable of relieving them by y^c
contr'of 0

12 2
4
ft

332i

S9.. ..

E'
calm
SE'

8
IO 2

II

SW

o

c
j[ 7E
EBNJN
40 D
D R
00° — 13'N
dr
27° — n'
991
00° — 42' El
54
te 0
K"
Course
Wind
Remark
s for Munday 21
«t
c
0 S
1012 2
46 8
0
ta2 0
243-24 2242
ESEEBS
Try up
up stop
SEBS
S° SBE
E s E of
ESE SW
This Day was not much inferiour to th q
foregoing only the Wind was not quite so c
ing tho' hard with some Squals of Rain 5
E' oblig'd us to lay too at 8 A M at 6 P M ma ^
Sail with the wind at S W and moderate und"
RM:FS& D R F S
c 0
29 E'
NE BE
35 D
00° — 19'
006
27—30'
1010
00° — 33' El
54—05—
Barbadoes Journal.

33

i4
2. .

Course

Wind

Remark

s for Thesday 22d

te: o

SSE'

SW'
SWBW WSW Calm

Light & Wavering Winds with a large tumb
ling Sea running many ways by the Various
winds we have lately had all hands we busily
employ'd in refitting the Riggan which had
suffer' d much in the preceding Storms.

O
t*^8
io12 2
46 8

2i IiIi
2 I IiI

SBE' South

o

te2 o
S
o
(— t
te 0
8E'
SSE'
21 D
oo°— ig'S
ol
27,-Il'-
1018 E'
oo'— 09'E'
[torn
K"
Course
Wind
Remarks for Wednesday
23d
ST 0c
56
^8 10 12 2
4 6 8
0 2
2 ii
22
3 3
3
2i
1 
S» 
SBW' SSW
SWBW
Calm E' ....
SEBE SE'
SBE
Calm 'till 8AM with a considerable Sw j"7
the wind freshen'd up at East with fine 0
& regaling Weather Sun'd over Bre £
which was almost Eaten up by Weavel & 0
Maggots* . I— '
r— 1
te 0
| 2W
SSW.
32 D
06
00° — 29' S
26° — 42'
1006-E'
oo°-i4' E«
54°-i°'-
6 The destruction of bread and meat at sea by worms is always imminent,
and in past times, before improved methods were discovered, it required
the greatest possible vigilance on the part of commanders of ships to pre
serve food supplies in good condition for long voyages.
S
34

Majr. Go. Washington s

K>

Course

Wind

Remarks for Thursday 22

d

o c
o
>^8

2i332i

SWBW
SWBS S W

SBE
SEBS SSE

Fresh Breeses of Wind at S S E & wavering to
the S' ward with pleasant Weath' & Smooth
Sea at 8 A: M made a tack to the Eastward —

10

4

12 2
4 3
SWBW
SBE
4 6 8
0
te o
2 2i2i3-2i
sw-
SWBW ESE
SSESBE
S°
B
t- O
te1 0
B
W
SWiW
46 D
00° — 29'
26 — 10
971 E'
OO  39'E'
5 £
K"
Course
Wind
Remark
; for Fryc
ay 25
,  1
1 — 1
fc:
2*
ESE
S"
Moderate but contrary Winds fro
te 0
2
SSW'toSS E' at 9 P: M: Struck two =
S6
2
EBS
SBE
Dalphins one of w'ch was lost at
0
^8
2
grew hazey and thick: with some
<— '
10
2
Squals of Rain from S° E': Dalphin
12
3
dressed for Dinner —
2
3
ESE
S°
4
4
6
4
SEBE
S B W.
8
2+
0
3
ESE
S»
fcj
24
SEBE'
SBW.
O
B
1—
O
— '
4E'
EfS
55 D?
00°— 08'
26° — 05'
1025. E'
01° — 00'
53—49—
Barbadoes Journal.

35

K>

Course

Wind

Remarks for Saturday 26lh

te1 oBo
¦^8
3
233
SE
SSW
Hazey with contrary Winds & smooth Sea -
io
12
33i
24
334
SEBS
SWBS
68
te o
3i3i 3i
SSE
SW.
1— t
te 0
eo
aMO
ESE
75 D
oo* 29' S
26*— 36'
urse
Wind
Remarks for day 27
i—t te 0
ta 0B
h-O
¦=-8 1012 2
4 68
3i3
2 Ii
E'
SBE
S° ....
1 
South West
SW.
SWBW N W.
Calm
North
SSW. calm D"N°
s
Light Winds & wavering from S 0
till 8 p: M: when it shifted to N° W. ^
died away with Rains succeeding
te 0
- 1 -
S9 
B O
S"
28 D
00°— 28' S
25—08—
1094 Et
00—00
51"— 05'
36

Majr. Go. Washington s

te1 o

74
7484 84
84 8- 54
34 IiIi2i

Course

Wind

Remarks

for Munday 28th .

••

c5 8
IO12 2
4 6 8
IO
r— i
te o

South
SBW'
south s s w
SWBW

ENE' East
SEBE' ESE SE
SBE.

Fresh gale of Wind at E N E came on at Noon
with hazey Weather & some Rain; it shifted to
the Eastward and moderated: at 6 A:M saw a
Sail to the Eastward bearing our course, made
her to be a Sloop : Unbent mended and set the
Main topsail

at-,o

f—l te 0
iW.
132 D.
02° — 12'
22°
B u.O
ta1 0
Course
Wind
Remarks
for Tuesday 2
r— 1
ta 0
B 0 6 8
10
12 2
4 68
24
44 44 44 55 5454545i
S W
SBW South
SBW South
SE
SEBE ESEEBS
SEBE SBE East
Bu.
Wavering but pleasant gales 0 0
with Fair fair open weather: the a
Sloop still kept to windward bear
her former course
0
B
2 W:
S^W.
103
01°— 43'
21° — 13'
1083 E'
00° — o6'El
510— 18'
Barbadoes Journal.

37

ST o

55
5
44 64
64 555
4i4i

Course

Wind

Remarks for Wed

nesda

r— t
ta 0

BI-.
O
i  ¦ 8
1012 2
46 8

SBW

East
ENE'

B
This Morning arose with agreeably 5
assurances of a certain & steady L— '
trade Wind which after near five Weeks buffiting
& being toss'd by a fickle & Merciless ocean
was glad'ening knews: the preceeding night we
seperated from sloop ab* mentioned

r— t
te o

r— 1
te 0
Bo
SBW
120 D
1257 S
19°— 16'
Bt*O
1 — 1
ta
Course
Wind
Remarks
f—l la
0
0
B
a
O
SBW
EBE
Regaling and Gentle Gales
0
"
4i
Eastward, with hazey weather &
Rain: the latter part clear & pleas
'-— '
8
54
Weather
10
54
12
54
SBW
2
54
East
4
54
EBS
6
54
8
64 54
f—l ta 0
54
SBW
B
O
te
'  '
0
E
5.W:
SBW
130 D
2°— 7' S
I7°— 09'
I047-E'
00°
O
38

Majr. Go. Washington s

te o

Remark

s for Friday y

«7 o
B
O 8
10 12 2
46
r— i
83 O
66
6666 54545454
54
SBW
SBW. SBW
East
East
ENE'
B u,
O
Fine pleasant breezes with Fair "— '
Weather & smooth Sea. at II A : M
Espy'd two Ships bearing West which we con-
jectur'd to be Frenchmen bound for Martineca'
they being in the Latitude thereof
B
O
ta o
2°— 16' S
CUiO
I— I
' Martinique, one of the Lesser Antilles in the West Indies belonging to
France and colonized by her in 1635. It is a warm fertile island. Its chief
productions are sugar, coffee and the tropical fruits.
JOURNAL.

[Note. — In Mr. Sparks's handwriting is noted on
the first entire leaf of this Diary, the following: —
(I suppose this to be a fragment of a Journal at
Sea by Gen. Washington, during his voyage to
Barbadoes with his Brother. J. S.)]

We were grea8  larm'd with the cry of Land
at 4 A: M: we quitted our beds with surprise and
found ye land plainly appearing at  bout 3 leauges
distance when by our reckonings we shou'd have been
near 150 Leauges to the Windward we to Leeward
ab1 yc distance above mention'd and had we been but
3 or 4 leauges more we shou'd have been out of sight
of the Island run down the Latitude and probably not
have discover'd  Error in time to have gain'd
 land for 3 Weeks or More9
8 It will be observed by readers familiar with Wash
ington's style of writing, that this Journal does not
open with the easy flow of language usually found
in his papers. It is explained in the editor's intro
duction that the first part of the Journal has been

40 Majr. Go. Washington's
lost from causes there fully stated, and with that
portion doubtless Washington's felicitous opening
perished. All mutilations in the text will be indi
cated by  The narrative of the Journal, as we
have it, begins with the •morning the vessel sighted
the Island of Barbadoes. The islanders spell the
name " Barbados ; " putting the accent on the third
syllable, instead of upon the second, as is commonly
done. This spelling is also used on the admiralty
charts. 9 At this point in the Journal a leaf or more is miss
ing. All details of the landing of the Washingtons
at Bridgetown are lost. To preserve, as far as may
be, the continuity of the record, the editor here ven
tures to accept what Mr. Sparks published in his
Life and Writings of Washington, vol. 2, p. 424, as
the record of the Journal for Nov. 4th and 5th, but
now lost. This expedient will at the same time serve
to furnish an example of the liberty which that author
took with the original text.
" November 4lh 1 75 1. This morning received a card
from Major Clarke,10 welcoming us to Barbadoes, with
an invitation to breakfast and dine with him. We
went, — myself with some reluctance, as the smallpox11
was in his family. We were received in the most kind
and friendly manner by him. Mrs. Clarke was much
indisposed, insomuch that we had not the pleasure
of her company, but in her place officiated Miss
Roberts, her neice, and an agreeable young lady.
After drinking tea we were again invited to Mr.
Carter's,13 and desired to make his house ours till

Barbadoes Journal. 41
we could provide lodgings agreeable to our wishes,
which offer we accepted.
10 Major Clarke, of Barbadoes, was commander of
James Fort, of the Fortification of Carlisle bay, and
also of the British forces of the Windward Islands.
Somers Clarke, who left Barbadoes in 1753, was
possibly the person referred to, as he filed a power
of attorney that year, which bears date May 17th,
1 753. [MSS. records of the Island of Barbadoes.]
11 This was a reasonable and well-founded apprehen
sion, for on the 1 7th of the month, thirteen days after,
Washington, as he states in his diary, was "strongly
attacked with the small-pox." Fortunately he passed
safely through the disease with but few marks and
none of any consequence upon his face.
12 This note on the family of Carters residing at
Bridgetown, Barbadoes, in 1751, was kindly fur
nished me by F. Gardner, Jr., who recently made a
trip to that island, and at my request made inquiry
as to some of the families who extended hospitalities
to George Washington and his invalid brother, Law
rence. It is presumed that it was James Carter to
whom reference is made in the diary.
CARTER.
1. " Temperance Carter, wife Timothy Cheesman
Carter,  ob  178." [Monument, Parish of St.
Phillip's. 2. " The Rev'1 John Carter died 1780." [Monu-
ment, Parish of St. George.~\
3. James Carter, was a member of Governor's Coun
cil from 1746 to 1749 (and probably longer), under
both Gov. Thomas Robinson, baronet, and Sir Henry
6

42 Majr. Go. Washington s
Grenville. Appointed by Grenville "Chief Justice
ensuing Grand Sessions," and unanimously approved
by Council, 1749. Governor Sir Henry Grenville
uses these words in making the appointment, " I
thought proper to recommend the eldest member of
this board," showing that James Carter had sat
longest on Gov. Council. It was then law that the
chief justice was appointed from some one of council
each year. [From MSS. " Council Records" of Bar-
badoes.] 4. Samuel Carter, merchant, gives a power of at
torney, Oct. 15, 1754, on leaving the Island. [MSS.
Records, Colonial Sec. office.
"5th, — Early this morning came Dr. Hilary,13 an
eminent physician recommended by Major Clarke,
to pass his opinion on my brother's14 disorder, which
he did in a favorable light, giving great assurance,
that it was not so fixed but that a cure might be
effectually made. In the cool of the evening we rode
out accompanied by Mr. Carter to seek lodgings in
the country, as the Doctor advised, and were perfectly
enraptured with the beautiful prospects, which every
side presented to our view, — the fields of cane, corn,
fruit-trees, &c. in a delightful green. We returned
without accomplishing our intentions."
and was perfectly rav  the beautiful prospects
which on every side presented to our view The fields
of Cain, Corn, Fruit Trees, &c in a delightful Green.
We returnd without accomplis. .ing our intentions."

Barbadoes Journal. 43
13 William Hillary, M. D., a physician of note in
Barbadoes, was a native of Great Britain, a writer of
reputation on the diseases of the tropics, and other
maladies, and also on the small-pox inoculation. He
went to Barbadoes with the expectation of realizing a
large fortune from his profession and as a planter.
Among his writings are, " Observations on Changes of
the Air, etc., containing records of temperature, rain
fall, etc., in detail by months from 1752 to 1758." A
second part of the work contains a " treatise on such
diseases as are most frequent in, or peculiar to, the
West India Islands, or the Torrid-Zone, both acute
and chronical, viz.: The putrid Bilious, or Yellow
Fever, the Dry Gripes, the Dysentery, the Opistho
tonos and Tetany, the Rabies Canina, the Apthoides
Chronica, the Nyctalopia, Hemeralopia, the Elphan-
tiasis, Vena Medicusis or Guinea Worm, the Arabian
Leprosy, the Yaws and the Impetigo or Ring Worm,
by William Hillary, M. D."
M Major Lawrence Washington was the second
child and oldest surviving son of Augustin and Jane
(Butler) Washington, born at Pope's Creek, West
moreland county, Virginia, in 1718. He was the
grandson of Lawrence and great grandson of Colonel
John, the emigrant, who came to Virginia about 1657.
Augustin, the father of Lawrence, was twice mar
ried and had ten children as follows : ist, Butler, born
1 716, died young; 2d, Lawrence, born 1718, died at
Mount Vernon 26th July, 1752 ; 3d, Augustin, born
1720, died  ; 4th, Jane, born 1722, died 1735.
By his second wife, Mary Ball, he had, ist, George,
first president of the United States, born nth Feb
ruary, O. S., died 14th December, 1799; 2d, Betty,
born 1733, died 31st March, 1797; 3d, Samuel, born
1734, died 1 78 1 ; 4th, J oha Augustin, born 1736, died

44 Majr. Go. Washington s
i 787 ; 5th, Charles, born 1 738, died September, 1 799 ;
6th, Mildred, born 1739, died 1740. At the age of
fifteen Lawrence was sent to England to be educated.
On leaving college, he obtained a Captain's commis
sion in the army, and served in a regiment raised in
Virginia for the expedition against Carthegena 1 740-
42, under the command of Admiral Vernon, and
returned to Virginia in the Fall of 1742. His father
died 1 2th April, 1743, leaving a comparatively large
estate to his wife and children. Lawrence, being
the oldest son, was made one of the executors,
and to him was left "the Hunting Creek" plantation
on the Potomac, consisting of 2,500 acres. To
Augustin, his third child, who had married Anne
Aylett, was bequeathed the plantation of Wakefield,
on which he was then residing. George, the oldest
child by his second marriage, was to have the plan
tation at Falmouth. His widow and each of his
children were thus duly provided for. On the 19th
July, 1743, Lawrence was married to Anne, eldest
daughter of the Hon. William Fairfax, of Belvoir,
by his first wife. He- settled upon his inherited
plantation and immediately began to improve and
cultivate it. He built a new two-story frame dwel
ling-house, the same which forms the central part of
the present mansion, and named his estate " Mount
Vernon " in honor of his old commander, Admiral
Vernon. Lawrence had received a collegiate educa
tion, had traveled and mixed a good deal with the
prominent business men of Great Britain and the
Colonies. He was with his brother Augustin among
the originators of "the Ohio Company," the purpose
of which was to bring the lands about the head-waters
of the Ohio into market and to trade with the Indi
ans, and at the time of his death was its president.

Barbadoes Journal. 45
He also interested himself in the manufacture of
iron, both in Virginia and Maryland; was com
missioned a Major in the military service of the
Colony with a salary of ,£150 per annum; and
elected a member of the House of Burgesses of Vir
ginia in 1748, from Fairfax county. He was a man
of excellent business habits, sound judgment, untir
ing industry and attention to his duty. Lawrence
Washington while a member of the House of Bur
gesses was influential in having charters granted for
the towns of Alexandria and of Colchester, in Fairfax
county. He, together with Lord Fairfax, George
Mason, William Fairfax, William Ramsay, John Car
lyle and others, was named trustee for laying out the
town of Alexandria and selling the lots ; his portrait
in oil hangs in the mansion at Mount Vernon, and
his remains now rest in the vault in the rear of those
of his illustrious half-brother, George Washington.
He was always of a delicate constitution, but never
theless by prudence and close attention to his various
interests, his business prospered and he was rapidly
becoming wealthy and a recognized leader in the
chief enterprises of his day in the Colony of Virginia.
He was greatly attached to his half-brother, George,
whom he had with him whenever it was practicable,
and he was influential in bringing him early to the
notice of Lord Fairfax, of the Governor of Virginia,
and of other prominent and official personages of the
times. He was to George as a father and a wise
counsellor. Major Lawrence, from failing health in
1 75 1, resigned his commission in the military service
of the Colony, and, at his instance, George was com
missioned one of the Adjutants-General under new
law, with the rank of Major, and the pay of ,£150 a
year. Lawrence had four children born to him, but

46 Majr. Go. Washington' s
they all died in infancy; the youngest, Sarah, sur
vived him some months. To this child he had de
vised his Mount Vernon estate if she outlived him,
but in the event of her death without issue, then it
was to go to " his beloved brother George," who was
made one of his executors. He also provided well
for his widow, who subsequently married George Lee,
brother to the father of Arthur and Richard Henry
Lee, patriots of the Revolution.
Tuesday 6th
At Mr. Carter's employing ourselves in Writ8 Let
ters, to be carried by the Chooner16 Fredericksburg ;
Captn Robinson to Virginia. Receiv'd a Card from
Majr Clarke wherein our companys were desir'd to
Dinner to morrow & myself an invitation from Mrs.
Clarke & Miss Rob'3 to come & and see the serpte
fir'd16 bring guns & I had the pleasure of seeing
Mrs. Clarke.
15 It is probable that this was the same schooner that
brought them out from Virginia, which having dis
charged its cargo, and taken in another, was to return
thus promptly. At that time Bridgetown had no wharf
at which a ship could lie and transfer its cargo. All
freight had therefore to be sent to and taken from
vessels on lighters, as ships lay at anchor in the bay.
16 Serpents fired: — this refers to a custom of cele
brating what is known in history as the " gun-powder
plot." The commemoration is made in Barbadoes a
season of prolonged festivities often lasting from the
ist to the 9th of November. The home-made squibs

Barbadoes Jottrnal. 47
used on the Island are in local parlance called "ser
pents." They are often fired from guns. They go
off with a fiz and a shower of sparks. Their compo
sition of sulphur, gunpowder, nitre, charcoal and iron
filings will indicate their character.
 ay 7th-

Dined at Majr. Clarkes ; and by him was intro
duced to the Surveyor Gen1" & Judges, Finley &
Hacket ;18 who likewise din'd there : in the Evening
they complaisantly accompanied us in another excur
sion in the Country to choose such lodgings as most
suited ; we pitched on the house of Capt". Croftan
commander of James Fort ; he was desir'd to come
to Town next day to propose his terms. We re-
turn'd by way of Needham's fort19 & was introduced
to ye Capt°. thereof, a Genteel pretty g 
man. Sup'd and spent the Evening at Majr Clarke
with the Gentlemen before mentioned
17 Sir William Patterson was appointed Surveyor
General of Barbadoes in 1 749, and is probably the
person referred to. [MSS. Council Records of Barba
does.] 18 Possibly Judge Nathaniel Haggett who was Chief
Justice about 1 75 1, and owned an estate on the Island.
19 Needham's Fort is situated on the southern point
of the entrance to Carlisle bay. The opposite or
northern point to the entrance of the harbor is occu
pied by James Fort. At the time of Washington's
visit to Barbadoes, the fortifications on the Island

48 Majr. Go. Washington's
were numerous and strong, and greatly interested the
young Major. The Castle of St. Ann, in close prox
imity to Needham's Fort, was the chief depot of
military supplies and place of rendezvous for the
forces on the Island. Needham's Point is now the
location of the Harbor-master's (or commercial) Sig
nal Station, from which the advent of vessels is seen
and signaled to town several hours before they come
in view from the dock.
Thursday 8th
Came Capt" Croftan with his proposals which tho
extravagantly dear my Brother was oblig'd to give
/15 pr Month is his charge exclusive of Liquors &
washing which we find, in the Evening we remov'd
some of our things up and and ourselves its very
pleasantly situated pretty  the Sea and ab' a
Mile from Town20 the prospect is extensive by Land
and pleasant 6y Sea as we command the prospect
of Carlyle Bay21 & all the shipping in such manner
that none can go in or out with out being open to
our view
20 Bridgetown, the capital of the Province, as it is of
Barbadoes, as the Windward Islands are sometimes
called, is situated on the head and along the north
side of the Bay of Carlisle on the west side of the
island near its southern extremity. The Bishop of
the English church for Barbadoes has his official resi
dence here, and the city is included within St. Mich
ael's Parish. The town was, in early times, often
called St. Michael's, because of St. Michael's Church

Barbrdoes Journal. 49
being here, and is so named on some of the early
maps. The name Bridge-town, however, was de
rived from the fact of a long bridge having been
erected over "Indian river " to accommodate gen
eral travel, and to reach the church, and was so no
table a structure as to impress itself on the public
mind, so that the town which gradually grew up there
was called Bridgetown. It was also called " Indian
Bridge " in consideration of the name of the river.
There were about 1,200 houses of stone and brick, in
1 750. [See Hughes, p. 6.] The long bridge has dis
appeared. The " river," a mere creek of fifteen yards
wide, is spanned by two or three short stone arches.
At its mouth a short break-water is built into the bay,
affording a safe careenage for repairing small vessels.
21 Carlisle bay is on the west coast of the Island of
Barbadoes, and is an open roadstead easily entered,
but exposed to the winds from the south and west.
It gets its name because of the royal gift of the
Island of Barbadoes to the Earl of Carlisle, in 1625.
Fryday 9th
We receiv'd a Card from Majr Clarke inviting
us to dine with him at Judge Maynards on the Morrow
he had a right to ask being a Member of the Club
call'd the Beefstake & tripe instituted by himself

22

the Judges Maynard23  Rob'- Warren EsqT- &
Capt"- Petrie2* (the Commander of Needhams Fort)
We were Genteely receiv'd by Judge Satus Maynard
& Lady and agreeably entertain'd by the Company
they have a meeting every Saturday this being Col0-

7

50 Majr. Go. Washington's
Maynards After Dinner was the greatest Collection
of Fruits I have yet seen set on the Table there was
the Granadella the Sappadilla Pomgranate Sweet
Orange Water Lemmon forbidden Fruit apples
Guavas &ca- &ca- &ca23 We receiv'd invitations from
every Gentleman there & one  ge Jenkins26 who
also was there there tho not one of their Memb" Mr-
Warren desir'd Majr Clarke to shew us the way to
his house ; Mr- Hack' insisted on our coming Satur
day next to his being his Day to treat with Beef
Stake & tripe but above all the invitation of Mr-
Maynard was the most kind and friendly he desir'd
and even insisted as well as his Lady on our coming
to spend some Weeks with him and promis'd nothing
should be wanting to render our stay agreeable my
Br- promis'd he wou'd as soon as he was a Little
disengag'd from the Drs- We return'd and by 
was invited to Dine at  Clarke's the next Day
by himself.
22 At this point an entire leaf is missing from the
Journal, containing, evidently, the concluding lines of
Friday's record and the opening ones of Saturday's.
23 Hon. William Maynard was a member of the
"Governor's Council and a Judge 1749, and Chief
Judge of his Majesty's Court of Common Pleas for
the parish of St. Andrew from 1752 to 1755. There
was also a John and Jonas Maynard practicing attor
neys at Bridgetown. [MSS. Records, Col. Sec'y Office.]

Barbadoes Journal. c i

24

The MSS. Records of Barbadoes of June 9, 1753,
show that George John Petrie, Esq., gentleman gave
a power of attorney to Jonas and John Maynard
on leaving the Island for Great Britain. He prob
ably died shortly after, as Anne Petrie, widow of
Mr. Petrie, and formerly Anne Carter, mentioned in
a power of attorney that he died at Kensington,
in the county of Middlesex, England, Dec, 1753.
There was a Capt. Petrie of the British army serv
ing in New England under General Shirley in 1756.
86 All of the fruits named, and more, are still raised
in great quantities and shipped from Barbadoes to
Great Britain and to the United States.
28 There were more than one family of the
Jenkins on the island. Edward was Colonel of a
regiment in 1749, presumably militia, and a William
gave a power of attorney to Edmund Jenkins and
Thomas Stevenson, 7th April, 1752, and describes
himself as of the Island of Jamaica, late of Barbadoes.
[MSS. Records, Col. Sec'y Office.]
Sunday 11th
Dressed in order for Church but got to town two
Late dined at Majr Clarkes with ye S: G: went to
Evening Service27 and return'd to our Lodgings.
27 Washington, from his youth to the close of life,
was a conscientious observer of the " Lord's Day,"
and considered it a duty, when at all practicable, to
attend divine service on that day.
Munday 12th
Receiv'd an afternoon Visit from Captn Petrie and
an invitation to dine with him the next Day.

52 Majr. Go. Washington's

13th

Dined at the Fort with some Ladys its pretty
strongly fortifyed and mounts about 36 Gunes within
the fortifi" but 2 facine Batterys me 51
Wednesday 14th
At our Lodgings
Thursday 15
Was treated with a play ticket by My Carter to see
the Tragedy of George Barnwell acted28: the charac
ter of Barnwell and several others was said to be
well perform'd there was Musick a Dapted and regu
larly conducted by Mf
28 It is probable that this was the first theatrical ex
hibition ever attended by Washington. He was
fond of the drama, and usually attended whenever he
was in cities where good plays and actors were to be
seen. Strange as it may appear, no theater or other
hall of note for public amusements exists at this day
in Bridgetown. I have been unable to learn in what
building the exhibition attended by Washington was
held. Fryday 16th
Mr Graeme la29  of the Master's of the College
of Virginia paid us a Mornings Visit and invited us to
dine with Judge Graeme his Br on Sunday : din'd this
Day at Majr Clarke's

Barbadoes Journal. 53
29 Graeme was one of the early families influential
on the Island. Among the monuments of Christ
Church is to be found the following inscription :
" Here lyeth enterr4 the body of Samuel Graem, who
departed this life the 28th July 1728 aged n years."
Hon. George was a member of the "General As-
semmbly," the elective body of the Barbadoes gov
ernment, from 1 746 to 1 749, and probably later, the
records, however, from 1749 to 1753 are missing, but
his name appears in the appointments made by Gov.
Sir H. Grenville, 1749, as " Quand0 Judge." A John
Graem was a Master in Chancery in 1 749. [MSS.
Council Records, Barbadoes.]
Saturday 17th
Was strongly attacked with the small Pox:30 sent
for Df Lanahan whose attendance was very constant
till my recovery, and going out which was not 'till
thursday the 12th of December.
80 Blessings sometimes come in disguise. The im
munity purchased by this sickness from a future at
tack of this dreaded disease, doubtless gave him con
fidence in assuming the responsible military duties
which his country imposed upon him in after years,
and was not, therefore, to him an unmixed evil.
 December 1 2th
Went to Town visited Majf Clarke's Family (who
kindly visited me in my illness and contributed all
they cou'd in sendf me the necessary's required in yf
disorder) and dined with Majr Gaskens a half Br to

54 Majr. Go. Washington's
M" Clarke: On Munday last began the Grand ses
sions and this Day brought on the Tryal of Col°
Chaunack31 a Man of oppulent fortune and infamous
Character he was indicted for commiting a Rape on
his servant Maid and was brought in Guiltless and
sav'd by one single Evidence on 
was generally reckone 
suborn'd 31 Probably intended for Charnock, as there was
a plantation the property, at this period, of a man of
that name. However, no record of court cases of
the time mentioned could be found. In explanation
of this, it is proper to state that the destructive hurri
cane in 1780, blew down the House of Records, and
nearly destroyed Bridgetown and every thing in it.
Fryday 13th
Spent at our Lodging
Saturday 14th
My Bf dined at Needham's myself at Maj Clarkes
Sunday 15th Dined with Judge Graeme after return
ing from Christ Church
Munday 16th
Dined at Needham Fort with Captn Petrie

Barbadoes Journal. 5 5
 i6'h
Dined at Majr Clarke with comodore Hobourn
Govern1, Pursel Gr of Totola General Barrack &
many others
Wednesday 17th
Dined with Messf* Stephenson's Merchf
Thursday 18
Provided my Sea Store & dined with Mf Carter
Fryday 19""
Got my Clothes Store &c on board the Industry
Capt" John Saunders for Virginia.
Saturday 21s' 
At my Lodgings  my Brother —
Sunday 22d
Took my Leave32 of my Bf Majf Clarke &ca &
Imbar  in the Industry Capt" John Saund 
for Virginia wai'd anchor and got out of Carlile Bay
abf 12.
32 A residence of six weeks in Barbadoes brought no
relief to the sufferings of Major Lawrence Washing
ton, nor did the plan of his physicians hold out much
promise of any. Indeed it was daily becoming more
evident to him that if he were to be benefited it could
only be after a protractedv residence in this, or some

56 Majr. Go. Washington s
other mild climate. Bermuda was suggested as pos
sessing for him greater advantages. His physician
discouraged his returning to Virginia for, at least, a
year. He was becoming despondent and fretted un
der his separation from his wife. After mature de
liberation, it was agreed between the brothers that
George should return home and that Lawrence in a
short time, would try Bermuda and write from there
an account of his condition. If there were any im
provement, George was to return with Lawrence's
wife, if her Triends approved of such a course. The
fact was that his pulmonary disease was progressing
unfavorably, although he still clung to the hope of
getting well. He wrote to a friend in Virginia on
the 6th of April, 1752, from Bermuda, where he had
gone in March, that " I have now got to my last
refuge, where I must receive my final sentence, which
at present Dr. Forbes will not pronounce." In an
other part of the letter he says: " As my endeavor to
overcome this cruel disorder has already cost me
much money and fatigue, I should unwillingly give
over the pursuit whilst any just foundation for hope
remains. Six weeks will determine me what to re
solve on. Forbes advises the south of France, or
else Barbadoes."
In the same letter he expresses a strong wish for
his wife to come to him, as he felt he should have to
remain away for, at least, a year. He soon wrote
again: " The unhappy state of health which I labor
under, makes me uncertain as to my return. If I
grow worse, I shall hurry home to my grave ; if bet
ter, I shall be induced to stay longer here to com
plete a cure." All his hopes were fallacious. In
despair, he returned home in time to receive the kind
ministrations of his wife and his devoted friends and

Barbadoes Journal. 57
died in his own house at Mount Vernon, 26th July,
1752. His remains were interred in a vault which
had been built by his direction ; the same one in
which his devoted and illustrious brother was en
tombed nearly half a century later.
The Governer33 of Barbado's seems to keep a proper
State: Lives very retired and at Little expence it is
said he is a Gentleman of good Sence As he avoids
the Errors of his predecessor3* he gives no handle
for complaint but at the same time by declining much
familiarity is not over zealously beloved and being
deprived of power to  ours meet with  &ca.
33 Hon. Henry Grenville was Governor of the
Island of Barbadoes from 1747 to 1753. He was the
brother-in-law of Lord Temple. Having adminis
tered the government of the Island for six years, with
great satisfaction to the inhabitants, he resigned and
returned to England. As an appreciative compli
ment, the citizens erected a marble statue to him in
the town hall, which was, unfortunately, destroyed in
the hurricane of 1780. Schomburgk in his history of
Barbadoes, p. 328, speaks of the Governor as follows:
"In his personal bearing he has been described as
pompous and haughty, it is however acknowledged
that he discharged his duties with strict rectitude and
regardless of personal connections and the solicita
tions of private friendship."
3* Sir Thomas Robinson was Governor of Barba
does from 1742 to 1747. He was a man of culture
and high character and in many respects, a capable
officer; yet his arbitrary conduct and his repeated
8

58 Majr. Go. Washington s
encroachments upon the established privileges of the
Assembly, gave such offense, that he was recalled
from office, though he continued to reside with his
family upon the island as a private gentleman, and
extended to visitors and his friends, a liberal hospi
tality. There is several regular Risings in this Island one
above another so that scarcely any part is deprived
of a beautiful Prospect both of sea & Land and what
is contrary to the observation on other Countrys is
that each Rising is better than the other below
There are many delicious Fruits in this but as
they are particularly describ'd by the Revd Mr Hughs
in his Natural histy of the Island shall say nothing
further than that the Pine Apple China Orange
is good the Avagado pair is generally most admired
tho none pleases my taste as do's the Pine
The Earth in most parts is extremely rich & as
black as our richest Marsh M  common produce
of ea  Canes is from 40 to 70 polls of Sugar each
poll valued at 20/ out of which a third is deduced
for expences unless Rum sells for 2/ and upwards pr
Gallon then it is though the Sugar is near clear.
There was many Acres last Year that turn'd out
from 140 to 170 L as I was inform'd by credible
authy tho that was in Ginger & a very extra
ordinary Year for the Sail thereof How wonderful

Barbadoes Journal. 59
such people shou'd be in debt! & not be able to in
dulge themselves in all the Luxurys as well as ne-
cessarys of Life Yet so it happens Estates are often
alienated for debts35 indu 
 ing an Interest of Eight
 rat Cancer in an Estate
 bought at a full Value on Interest
but how persons coming to Estates of two, three, and
four hundd Acres (which are the largest) can want is
most wonderful to me \ of their Land or nearly gen
erally is in Canes for Harvest the rest is in young
Cane gunia Corn36 (which greatly supports their Ne-
gros) Yams plantens Potatos & rice and some small
part left waste for Stock. Their dung they are very
careful in saving, & curious in makg which they do
by througing up large heaps of Earth and a number
of Stakes drove there in Sufficient for Sixteen head
of Cattle to Stand seperately tied too which they are
three Months together trampls all the trash &ca- than
 and then its fit to manu  Ground. Pro
visions in Gen1 are very indeferent but much better
than the same quantity of pasturage wou'd afford
in Virginia The very grass that grows amongst
their corn is not Lost but carefully gather'd for prov
ender for their Stoc 

60 Majr. Go. Washington's
35 Washington's wonder that such a people should
ever be in debt may well be echoed now. The aver
age gross yield of sugar is about $150 to the acre per
year. The crop takes seventeen months to mature.
The price of a man's labor is about 30 cents per day,
and of a woman's, about half that. Slave labor,
properly maintained, probably cost that much; and
as sugar was worth more in those days than these,
the planters were much richer. A common estate is
300 acres, and would then net about thirty-five thou
sand dollars a year; so that William Pitt's " caring
more for sugar islands than for the honor of Eng
land," with which Burke so often twitted him, is easily
explained when we consider the straits to which the
English exchequer was reduced at that time. At
present, 1890, out of 499 estates on the island, 120
are in chancery; probably on account of thriftlessness,
as the soil is still rich, supporting 1100 souls to the
square mile, and the growing season is continuous
the year through.
36 Guinea corn belongs to the genus of grasses,
sorgum vulgare, or sorgum sacharattcm allied to the
sugar cane. In Barbadoes it was and is still grown
almost entirely for forage and fed, while in its green
state, to horses and other cattle. At times, portions
of the grain is collected as an article of food for the
poor. Of late years, a variety of this plant has been
extensively cultivated in the United States as a sugar-
producing plant.
Hospitality and a Genteel behav  is shewn
to every gentelman stranger by the gentleman Inhab
 Taverns they have none but in their Towns
so that Travellers is oblig'd to go to private houses

Barbadoes Journal. 61
however the Island being but ab'-22 Miles in length
& 14 in width preven  their being much infested
with ymar
37 Washington's observations on the generous hos
pitality of the Barbadoes, we are assured, is as true
of them to-day, as it was when this journal was
written. The following is a list of the names of persons
whom Washington met in Barbadoes and mentions
in his diary. As will be seen in another note a num
ber of them were planters and owners of estates.
Barrack. Genl., Carter. Mr., Chaunack. Col., Clarke.
Maj., Clarke. Mrs. Maj., Croftan. Capt, Finley.
Judge, Gaskins. Mr., Grenville. Gov. Henry,
Graeme. Judge, Graeme. Prof., Hackett. Mr., Dr.,
Hillary. Hobourne. Commodore, Hughes. Rev.
Griffith, Jenkins. Mr., Lanahan. Mr., Leary. Judge,
Maynard and Leary. Messrs., Maynard. Col., Petrie.
Capt, Pursel. Gov. of Tortolo, Roberts. Miss, Rob
inson, Capt, Saunders. Capt. John, Stephenson.
Messrs. Merchants, Warren. Robert,
The Ladys Generally are very agreeable but by ill
custom or w'-  affect the Negro style
 Ithiness of this Island suffi
ciently shwon in the florid countenances of the
Country Gentle11 and its said they live to great ages
where they are not intemperate they are however
very unhappy in regard to there Officers Fees38
which are not fixed by any Law they complain par
ticularly of the Provost Marshall or Shiref Gen1 of

62 Majr. Go. Washington s
the Island Patented at Home and rented at 800 £ pr
ann Sterff every other officer is exorbitant in demand
ing.  There are few who may be called midling
people they are either very rich or very poor for by
a Law of the Island Every Gentn is oblig'd to keep
a white person for every ten Acres capable of acting
in the Malitia and consequently those persons so
kept cant but very poor The number of  Bar
bados39 is computed  Thousand (which is more
than is in Jamaica & all the other Leeward Islands)
they are well disciplin'd & appointed to their several
Stations so that upon an allarm every Man is at his
post in less than two Hou  They have large
Intrenchments cast up wherever its possible for an
Enemy to Land and may not (as nature has greatly
assisted) improperly be said to be one intire forti
fication40 38 Some of the fees exacted in Barbadoes, and the
salaries paid to public officers, are still complained of,
after a hundred and forty years of experience in gov
ernment, as excessive and unnecessarily oppressive.
39 Burke, in his European settlements in America,
says of the Island of Barbadoes, vol. II, 83, "In 1650
it contained upwards of fifty thousand whites of all
sexes and ages, and a much greater number of blacks
and Indian slaves." This was possibly an overesti
mate. At that time less than half the land was under
cultivation, and supported a population of over
100,000. The soil and climate was so favorable that

Barbadoes Journal. 65
planters made great profits Population increased,
but chiefly among the blacks, and the Island became
very wealthy. The author just quoted, says vol.
II, p. 85, published 1757, "At this day it contains
twenty five thousand whites, very near 80,000 negroes,
and ships above 25,000 hogsheads of sugar."
Slavery was abolished in Barbadoes in 1834. Pop
ulation has slightly increased since. The census of
1844 gave the total population 122,198. [See Schom
burgk, p. 86.] The same authority shows that the
population is more dense on this Island than in almost
any other country. Taking the whole area of the
Island, there are 734-8 individuals to the square mile,
though parts are more dense than others. The
population in 1885 was given as 171,607,0! whom
but 16,054 were white.
40 The following list of forts is compiled from the
map accompaning the Rev. Griffith Hughes' " Nat
ural History of Barbadoes," published in 1750. The
list does not include redoubts, batteries, and the les
ser fortifications not generally garrisoned. But few
of these now exist, although the location can readily
be identified : Charles Fort, W. Side, Churches
Point Fort, W. Side, Clarendon Fort, W. Side, (. o-
conut Fort, W. Side, Denmark Fort, W. Side, Fonta-
belle Fort and River. W. Side Island, Half Moon
Fort, W. Side, Halles Fort, W. Side Island, Hay
wood's Fort, W. Side, Hole Town Fort, W. Side,
Hooper's Fort, near South End, James Fort, North
Cape of Carlo Bay, Line Fort, in Carlisle Bay, Mar
garet's Fort, W. Side, Maxwell's Fort, on South End,
Maycock's Fort, N. W. Cor. of Island, Needham's
Fort, W. Side, Oistins Fort, near South End, Orange
Fort, W. Side, Ormands Fort, in Carlin Bay, Queen's
Fort, W. Side, Randall's Point and Fort, near South

64 Majr. Go. Washington's
End, Rupert's Fort, W. Side, St Ann's Castle, on
South Point of C. B., Sandiford Fort, W. Side, Six
Men Fort, W. Side, Sunderland Fort, W. Side, Val
iant Royalist Fort, W. Side, Willoughby Fort, on
South Cape Carlisle Bay, Yatcht Fort, W. Side
Island. 41
 3d

Met with a brisk Trade Wind and pretty large
Swell wch made the Ship rowl much and me very sick
at 2 P: M: Espy'd a Sail In the Latitude of Marti
neca bearing down for the Island
41 At this point in the Journal several leaves are
missing. Washington's love of agriculture, his genius
for military affairs, and his knowledge of the govern
ment of the island are, however, well portrayed in
the preceding pages, and of interest even at this day.
Tuesday 24th
A Fresh gale (or what in this part of the World is
called a fiery Breeze) hurried us pass the Leeward
Islands so the Capt" altered his course from N° to
N W 6i*
Wednesday 25th
Christmas Day fine clear and pleasant with mod
erate Sea tho continuance of the Trade which by ob
servation had set us in the Latitude of i8°-3o' We
dined on a 
Irish goose42 which had be 

Barbadoes Journal. 65
for the purpose some Weeks Beef &ca &ca and drank
a health to our absent friends
42 It is presumed the common, domestic goose is
here referred to. At the time this Journal was writ
ten, wild geese were numerous, almost common, along
all the bays and tide-water streams of Virginia, and
were killed in great numbers by the planters. The
name " Irish goose " was probably a local expression
used to distinguish the domestic from the wild species,
both on the Island and in Virginia.
Thursday 26th
Clear with little or no Wind or Sea which which
want of Air to paliate the heat of the Sun made us
truely sensible of its influence very permament and
troublesome We had this Day for Dinner very fine
Bristol Tripe with &ca
Friday 27th
Moderate Winds & Sea
Saturday 2 8th
Fresh gales from ye NE' with squals of Rain &
sudden change of the Air. Dined on a fine Irish
Ling43 & Potatos
43 The Ling is a sea fish of the Cod family. I am
unable to explain why the word Irish is prefixed to
it, except that the Ling was taken in great numbers
on the Irish coast, and dried and marketed from there
to all parts of the world. Hence, in a popular way,
called Irish Ling.

66 Majr. Go. Washington s
 Heavy Air with many Squals of
Rain the Wind wavering so that the Vessel often
wou'd not lay her course
Monday 30th
Clear Weather, & Wind from N° Ef & Easterly
blew very fresh
Tuesday 31st
Thick and heavy with wavering Winds at 8 P M
violent winds from the Westward with excessive
Rain which got to the N° ab' 12 and clear'd which be
ing directly ahead & Mountanous running prevent
ing carrying Sail but oblig'd 
to under the foresail 
Wednesday January Is' — T 75 144
The Wind still continuing at N? tho' not so vio
lent we made Sail ab' 12 and stood N°WBW saleing
as near the Wind as we cou'd —
44 Mr. Sparks has written "1752" under the date
Wednesday, January ist, 1751, correcting an evident
slip of the pen.
Thursday 2d
The Sea greatly fallen & wind ed something aba . . .
tho still directly ahead which oblig'd us to keep the
course we did the preceeding day

Barbadoes Journal. 67
Fryday 3
In the Morning Calm and clear ; at noon the Wind
breezed up at S° and clouded 
 Rain and at 8 P M
 ry squally with some violent
storms of Wind which before ten oclock got to N°Wf
and remain'd there the Night with divers hard squalls
of Wind & Rain
Saturday 4th
The Wind still at N°W directly ahead & Moun-
tanous Sea we bore away NNE the whole day was
attended with successive Squals
Sunday 5th
Wind continues at N°Wf tho much abated and
clear Wea 
The Sea greatly fallen 
changed our course to 
other Tack 
Monday 6th
Last nieht the Wind varied to the S°ward and
grew calm at 6 A M freshned and had got to West
we made another tack and stood NfNfWf this day
Warm & pleasant

68 Majr. Go. Washington 's
Tuesday fh
Wind fresh & Wavering with some Squals &
rough Sea
Wednesday 8th
About 2k this morning the Wind died away and at
 p at N° Wf and variable
 e hard Squals of Wind
& rain by Observation were in the Latitude of 320-
30' yf Mared" of Bermudos
Thursday 9th
At 2 A : M came on excessive hard Wind at Nf
Wf; Rain Lightning & some thunder the Wind in
creased so violently & had raiz'd so Mountanous a
Sea that oblig'd the handing all her Sails & driving
with bear Masts which She did untill 4 P: M: when
the Wind had something Moderated and Sea abated
and then She was laid too under 
Stay Sail — this day h 
me a criple by the ships 
Fry day iolh
This Mor 
Wind was moderate tho  y 
head about 8 A: M: we made sail and stood W S°
W upon searching my chest discover'd I had been

Barbadoes Journal. 69
rob'd of 16 pistoles at 2 P: M the Wind had changed
to Sf Wf and blew fresh which increasing obliged us
to Hand all but the foreSail and that cou'd be carryed
no longer than 12 when the Wind was so Violent the
Sea so high with great Quantity of Rain 
 nder & Sharp Light
 1 the Ship was Laid
 Reefed foreSail
 day 11th
The wind still as violent as ever (with many hard
Squals of Rain) Wind got somewhat more to the
Westward the Sea excessively high lay too all day
Sunday 12^
The Wind as violent as the preceding day with
Rain Hail & Snow & high & Mountanous Sea from
W N Wf Lay too all the Last night and this day
under Main Stay Sail
 h 
This day is br 
c  inferior  the former f . . . . , 
hard Wind high Sea Rain & 
&c the Wind in the Same Quater lay too is yester
day —

70 Majr. Go. Washington s
Tuesday 14th
Last night the Wind ceased of its violence & by 2
A:M was calm and continued so till 6 when it sprung
up at East & came on Squals of Rain, much & very
Large hail with violent Thunder at 8 the Wind had
got to ye Wf of the N° and blew a fret with constant
Rain.  s we carried Sa 
 hile it was at E . st 
 re oblig'd to Lay too under the Main
stay Sail both by reason of the Winds being so ex
cessive high & directly ahead before Night it was at
N° Wf & there remain'd —
Wednesday 15th
This morng the Wind was not so violent as yester
day but still at N° W and so hard as to hinder us
from carrying Sail the Day was Squally with some
Intermission of Sunshine which 
 en sine 
 observatio 
was got and found ourselv 
in the Latitude of  00' —
At 2 P: M: Espy'd a Sail laying too bearing Sf Ef
abf a League disf

Barbadoes Journal. 71
Thursday 16*
Moderate & clear with ye Wind where it was made
Sail and stood N° N° Ef abf 8 A M ye Vessel we saw
Yesterday came up and spoke with us She was from
Sf. Cits * bound to Norfolk Matthew Stroud Comf
She was a Sloop call'd yf Glasgow had from us
Candles Twine &c
 d promis 
 s upon comp 
 found them to agree nea y alike
 nd that Ca.e Henry boar W N W
ab' 120 Leagues She had been beating ab' the Coast
with contrary Winds 14 or 15 days with very rough
Weather —
45 By St. Cit's or St. Kitts is meant St. Christopher's
island.J Fryday 17th
Wind still at N°. W. we had lost sight of the sloop
and ab' 6AM discovered another Vessel which came
up with us ab' 10 She also was from S'. Christopher's
a Billander & bound to Philidelphia & had been out
five Weeks ; and ten days ago
 of Cape H 
 s of Water 
 iscovers another Sai 

72 Majr. Go. Washington s
bearing N°. W. ab' 2 Leagues 
standg close to Windward as She cou'd whether it
was yfc Sloop we saw Yesterday or not it was too far
to distinguish — this Philiadelphia Man proposed
keeping Company and also of going into Virginia if
he saw no better prospect the two Capf15 mutually
agg to alter their Course at 6 oclock & westward
 urday 1 
 nged and g 
 ne on very fresh with 
other Ship was very sociable in keeping company
being seldom more than a \ Mile dist both steering
West as the day advanced the Wind increased with
continued Rain and by 10 P : M was oblig'd to hand
all our Sails and lay too under a Stay Sail reef'd at
1 1 lost sight of the Vessel
Sunday 19th
The wind had shifted from S. to N°. and blew
extreame hard with Mountainous Sea but moderat
ing- somewhat was

Mun  20

Barbadoes Journal. 7

o

died away ; and w 
this Morning whe 
time we had been out & 
pect of arriving put the Capt 
on allowancing the Hands whi 
at 8 A M was accordingly done at 10 ye Wind sprang
up Sf Wf we made Sail and stood W N W — but
before Midnight the Wind had got to West directly
ahead blew excessive hard with thunder & Light
ning 46 Throughout the remainder of the Journal an en
tire line of dots will indicate the destruction of more
than half a page in the original.

.or 
.Sou  d N by.

.y was c  y with.
10 P: M laid the Ves1

 nesday 22d
The Wind had moderated and got to N° Wf made
Sail at 8 and stood WSW and after alter'd as ye
Wind which by Noon had got to N° & we to W N
W ye skie quite clouded so that there was not the
least appearance of Sun towards night ye Wind was
fallen & in yc Night grew calm

74 Majr. Go. Washington s
Since leaving 
 d observation wa 
 atitude the agreeable 
this day inticed the Mate to c 
from his Cabbin (as a snail w 
enlivened by the genial heat of the Sun) who since
the third or four day after leaving Barbados has been
coob'd up with a fashionable disorder contracted
there.

 un 
 at Noon abf 
 ind ceased and weat.
break & clear 

 day 25th
The weathf extreame 
y cold & clear with wind at N° Wf sounded at 8
A M withf bottom stood S W by W by observation
was in 37°-o8' Latitude.

 n was go 
 rd it seem'd g 
.... ad judged we were not .
the Number of birds ; and sr.

Barbadoes Journal. 75
of sedge & Marsh weed, we se 
say and judg'd rightly for at 6 
sounded in 22 Fathom Water ye Wind breez'd up
fair tho the Capta carried but small Sails for fear of
getting too near Land before Morning

. off of Cape 
. ght on a Calm . .
. out of the Capes

Early this Morning 
 Wind sprang up at SfEf made sail under
easy Gales past the Cape abf Sun's Rising and got to
the Mouth of York River abf 1 1 P. M and was met
by a pilot boat

 Hired 
 Williamsburg 
Letters to the Gover47 
had just gone to greensprin
Dinner as I got to ye great 
polis ; upon his return (which . . .
at Night) I waited upon and wa
received Graceously he enquired.

76 Majr. Go. Washington s
kindly after the health of my 
Bf and invited me to stay and dine 
47 Robert Dinwiddie, Lieutenant-Governor of Vir
ginia from 1752 to 1758.

.things Lan.

 A Great Main of 
 cks fought in Yorktown 
 tween Glouster & York for 5 pistoles each
battle & 100 ye odd48 I left it with Col0 Lewis before
it was decided & had part of his chariot to his house
48 Game cock-fights was one of the early popular
sports in Virginia and Maryland and, indeed, in some
of the other American colonies, and the taste for this
sport is by no means extinct in the United States.
Some gentlemen paid much attention to the breed
ing of extensive mains of the purest blood and game
qualities. From time to time contests would be ar
ranged between birds from certain mains, often from
different counties and even States, to which the pub
lic were admitted. Comprehensive and careful rules
were adopted for the government of the contests,
and were rigidly enforced to secure fairness in the
combat and order among the spectators. Betting
was indulged in to some extent, and as a general fact
good order prevailed. In early days such exhibitions
were quite free from dissipation, but in later years it
has fallen into disfavor among the better class of the
community throughout the United States.

Barbadoes Jotirnal.

. ...r Wa..
.ons in Mi.

d

Monday 3 From 
 his chair to Majr Dan
field - at Hobs - Hole - who49
Tuesday 4th
Kindly conveyed Me to Layton's Ferry50 whei
I crossed & was favoured with51
49 Hobs Hole, a town on the south side of the Ra
pahannock river, now known as Tappahannock, ai
the capital of Essex county.
50 Layton's Ferry was on the south bank of tl
Rappahannock river, about twenty miles above Tc
pahannock, and nearly opposite to Leedstown on tl
road to Wakefield, which was about seven mil
distant. 51 Here the Journal comes to an abrupt end, tl
remainder being lost. The Journal states Washin
ton crossed the Rappahannock which landed him
Westmoreland county, about seven miles from r.
brothers. It is known from other sources, that Georj
Washington reached his brother Augustin's
Wakefield, on the 4th of March, 1752. He rest<
there that day and night, and procuring a horse, pr
ceeded in the morning to his mother's, near Fre
ericksburg. Here he tarried one night, and rode tl
next day to Mount Vernon to deliver the messagi
and letters he had brought from Lawrence Was
inyton to his wife.

INDEX.

Adjutant-Gen'l of Virginia, 3.
Alexandria, Va., charter, 45.
Alphabetical list of estates,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.
Antilles. The Lesser, 38.
Arabian leprosy, 43.
Avagado pears, 58.
Bahama Islands, 25.
Ball. Mary, second wife of A.
W.,43.
Barbadoes Island. Acreage
of, 11.
land all cultivated, 11, 14.
business relations with
Virginia, 10.
English discovery of, II.
civil divisions of, 13.
climate and soil, 1 1.
attempts to colonize, 11.
elevation above the sea,
58.
Governor of, $7.
Indian remains in, 11.
Island of, 3, 10, 58.
parish divisions, 13.
population by parishes,
13-
preferred to Bermuda, 56.
slavery existed in, 14. ,

Barbadoes, strongly fortified,
62.
square miles of territory,
11.
Barbados, so pronounced by
islanders, 40.
Barrack, Gen'l, 55, 6r.
Barracuda, a voracious fish, 25.
Bearded Island, so named by
Portuguese, 10.
Beef-steak and tripe, 50.
club, 49.
Belvoir, estate of Wm. Fair
fax, 44.
Bermuda. Climate of, 56.
Beverly. Col. William, 12.
Bilander. Vessel, 71.
Bilious putrid fever, 43.
Birds observed, 74.
Bishops of the English
Church, 48.
Bland. Col. Richard, 12.
Boisterous weather, 66.
Braxton. Col. George, 12.
Breakfast at Maj. Clarke's, 40.
Brother. Maj. Lawrence W.,
50.
took leave of, 55.
Bridgetown, capital of Barba
does, 6, 48.

8o

Index.

Bridgetown, in St. Michael's
Parish, 48.
named from a bridge, 49.
theater in, 52.
no wharves for vessels, 46.
Burke's criticism of Lord Pitt,
60.
Burwell. Col. Carter, 12.
Col. Lewis, 12.
Bushrod. Mr. John, 12.
Candles and twine from Capt.
Stroud, 71.
Cane fields, 42.
Cape Henry, 71.
Capes of Chesapeake passed,
75-
Caribbean Islands, 10.
Carlisle. Earl of, 49.
Carlisle Bay, Bridgetown, n.
fortifications. 41.
Needham's Fort, 47, 48.
sailed out of, 55.
on west coast, 49.
Carlo Bay, 63.
Carthegenia Expedition, 44.
Carters of Bridgetown, 41.
Carter, Mr., extends hospitali
ties, 40, 42, 46, 55, 61.
Ann, married Mr. Petrie,
Si-
Col. Charles, 12.
James, 41, 42.
Rev. John, 41.
Col. Louden, 12.
Samuel, 42.
Temperance, 41.
Timothy Cheesman, 41.
Chair or Chaise, 77.
Changing course of vessel, 67.

Charnack or Chaunack, 54.
Chaunack, Col., tried for rape,
54, 61.
Chief Justice of Barbadoes, 42.
China orange, 58.
Christ Church, attended by
G. W., 54.
Christ Church yard, 53.
Christmas Day dinner, 64
Church, dressed for, 51.
evening service, 51.
Clarke, Major, welcomes the
W's, 40.
Commander of Fort
James, 41.
his generous hospitality,
40, 42.
invites the W. brothers to
dinner, 46, 47, 49, 50,
5i, 5?, 54, 55,6i.
his family visited by W.,
53-
Clarke, Mrs., her indisposi
tion, 40.
her kindly offices to W.,
46, 61.
Clarke, Maj. G. W., took leave
of, 55.
Clarke, Somers, Mr., 41.
Climate of Barbadoes, 11.
Clothes and stores, 55.
Cock fight, 76.
Cock fights popular in Vir
ginia, 76.
Colchester, Fairfax Co., Va.,
45-
College of William and Mary,
12.
Commerce of Virginia with
Barbadoes, 10.

Index.

8

Commerce interrupted by the
^ Revolution, 12, 13.
Consumptive patients bene
fitted, 12.
Cooped up, 74.
Corn fields, 42.
Court records of 175 1 not
found, 54.
Crofton, Capt., Commandant
of Needham, 47, 48, 61.
Curtis. Mr., Jr., 12.
Dangerfield. Maj. William,
12, 77.
Dawson, Rev. Wm.,of William
and Mary College, 12.
Degraffenried. Mr. Techarner,
12.
Dewey. Mr. Stephen, 12.
Dined at the fort with ladies,
52.
with Maj. Clarke, Steph
enson, &c, 55.
by invitation at Maj.
Clarke's, 40.
Dinner fruits on the island, 50.
Dinwiddie, Gov. Robert, of
Virginia, 76.
G. W., dined with, 76.
Diseases of the West Indies,
43-
Divine service on Sunday, 51.
Dolphin fish at sea, 24, 34.
Dotted lines denote loss of
text, 73.
Dry gripes, 43.
Dysentery, 43.
Elephantiasis, 43.
Embarked for Virginia, 55.
1 1

Estates in chancery in 1891
60.
on the island, 60.
employ one white labore
to every ten acres, 62
lost by bad managemen
59-
mortgaged, 59.
Explanatory note, 21.
Fairfax. Anne, 44.
Lord Thomas, 12, 45.
Hon. Wm., 12,44.
Falmouth plantation, 44.
Families on the island, 47, 6;
Fiery breeze, 64.
Fitz-Hugh. Col. William, 1:
Forbidden apple fruit, 50.
Forbes, Doctor, of Bermudj
56.
Fort Charles, 63.
Church Point, 63.
Clarendon, 63.
Cocoanut, 63.
Denmark, 63.
Fontabella, 63.
Hales, 63.
Half Moon, 63.
Haywood, 63.
Holetown, 63.
Hoopers, 63.
James, 6^.
Line, 63.
Margaret, 63.
Maxwell, 63.
Maycock, 63.
Needham, 63.
Oistins, 63.
Orange, 63.
Ormands, 6$.

82

Index.

Fort, Queen's, 63.
Rupert, 64.
Sandiford, 64.
Six Men, 64.
Sunderland, 64.
Valliant Royal, 64.
Willoughby, 64.
Yacht, 64.
France, South of, for con
sumptives, 56.
Fruit trees, 42.
Fruits raised on the island, 58.
shipped to England and
the colonies, 51.
Fry. Col. Joshua, 12.
Game cocks, 76.
Gardner. F., Jun., 41.
Gaskins, Maj., dined with, 53,
61.
Ginger cultivated for export,
50.
" Glasgow," sloop, Capt.
Stroud, 71.
Glouchester and York cock
fight, 76.
Goose, domestic, 65.
Irish, 65.
wild, 65.
Governor of Barbadoes, 57.
his counsel, 41, 50.
Governor of Virginia, letters
to, 75.
invites G.W. to dinner, 76.
Graeme family of, Barbadoes,
53-
monuments, Christ
Church, 53.
Hon. Geo. in General
Assembly, 53.

Graeme, Master of College,
52,61.
John, Master of Chan
cery, 53.
Judge, brother of Prof.,
52.
Judge, invites G. W. to
dinner, 54.
Samuel, Christ Church,
53-
Granadilla fruit, 50.
Grand session of court, 54.
Grass, wild, collected for
stock, 59.
Grenville, Sir Henry, Gov., 42,
53, 57, 61.
Guava fruit, 50.
Guinea corn a sort of sorghum,
59, 60.
Guinea worm, 43.
Gunpowder plot, 46.
Guns mounted, 52.
Hacket. Mr., 50, 6f.
Judge, 47.
Haggett. Judge Nathaniel,
47.
Hail and snow at sea, 69.
very large at sea, 70.
Harbor-master, Bridgetown,
48.
Heavy seas, 67.
Hogs found on the island, 1 1.
Hillary. Dr. Wm., 42, 43, 61.
Hobourn, Commodore, dined,
55,61.
Hobshole, on Rappahannock,
77-
House rented of Capt. Crof-
ton, 48.

Index.

83

House of Records destroyed,
54-
Hospitality of people in Bar
badoes, 60, 61.
Hughes, Rev. Griffith, Hist.
of Barbadoes, 12, 58, 61, 63.
Hunting Creek plantation, 44.
Indian occupation of Barba
does, 11.
river, bridge over, 11,49.
" Industry," schooner for Vir
ginia, 55.
Intercourse with American
colonies, 12.
Irish goose for dinner, 64.
ling fish, 65.
Island divided into parishes,
13-
James' Fort on Carlisle Bay,
41.
commanded by Capt.
Crofton, 47.
Jenkins family on island, 51.
Jenkins invites G. W. to his
house, 50, 61.
Edward, colonel of regi
ment, 51.
Edmund, attorney for
Wm. J., 51.
William gave power of
attorney, 51.
Journal to Barbadoes and re
turn, 8.
pages missing, 8.
a literal copy of, in
"Toner Collection," 8.
printed as it exists, 21.
Kennar. Mr. William, 12.

Kensington, Middlesex Co.,
Eng., 51.
Ladies of Barbadoes, 61.
Lanahan. Mr., 61.
Land, cry of, 39.
list of owners in Barba
does, 14.
Landing at Bridgetown, 6.
Latitude of, 68.
Lay-to under main stay, 70.
Layton's Ferry on Rappahan
nock, 77.
Leaf missing from Journal,
40, 50.
Leary. Mr., 61.
Lee. Arthur, 46.
Mr. John, 12.
Col. George, 12.
George, marries widow of
Major L. W., 46.
Richard Henry, 46.
Leedstown near Wakefield, 77.
Leeward Islands, 64.
Lemons, 50.
Length and breadth of island,
61.
Leprosy. Arabian, 43.
Letters to friends in Virginia,
46.
Lighters to transfer from ship,
46.
Ling fish, 65.
Logbook of voyage to Bar
badoes, 6, 7.
Lomax. Mr. Lunford, 12.
Longevity on the island, 61.
Lord Temple, 57.
Lord's Day religious services,
5i-

84

Index.

Main of cock to fight, 76.
Manure husbanded, 59.
Manuscript records of Barba
does, 41, 42, 51.
Meridian of Bermuda, 68.
Maynard. John, 50, 51.
Jonas, 50, 51.
Judge Satus and lady,
49, 50, 61.
and Leary, 61.
Hon. Wm., 50. ,'
Martinique, one of the Lesser
Antilles, 38.
a possession of France,
38.
latitude of, 64.
Mercer. Mr. John, 12.
Militia, trained for alarms,
62.
Monroe. Maj. Andrew, 12.
Munsell's skill as printer, 21.
Music at the theater, 52.
Names of owners of estates,
14.
Natural history of Barbadoes,
12.
Needham, Fort, Capt. Petrie,
47, 48, 49-
dined with Captain, 54.
supped with Captain, 47.
Needham's Point, Carlisle
Bay, 48.
Negro dialect affects society,
61.
Nelson, Thomas, Esq., 12.
Newton. Hon. Wm., 12.
Norfolk, vessel for, 71.
North American Colonies and
Barbadoes, 12.

Observations on change of
air, 43.
Officers commissioned in Eng
land, 62.
fees complained of, 62.
fees complained of to this
day, 62.
Opesthotonos and Tetany, 43.
Oranges, sweet, 50.
Owners and proprietors of
land, 14.
Owners' names alphabetically,
15-
related to American fami
lies, 15.
Parish, St. Andrew's, 50.
St. George's. 41.
St. Phillip's,' 41.
Parishes, list of, 13.
Parts of journal lost, 72.
Patterson, Sir Wm., surveyor-
general, 47.
Pendleton. Mr. Edward. 12.
Petrie, Mr., married Ann Car
ter, 51.
Ann, widow, 51.
Petrie, Captain of Needham
Fort, 49, 51, 61.
has G. W. to dine, 54.
a captain served in New
England, 51.
George John, 51.
Pilot fish, 25.
Pine appie, 58.
Pitt, Wm., and Sugar Islands,
62.
Plantains, 59.
Planters buy lands in Vir
ginia, 12.

Index.

85

Pomer. Mr. James, 13.
Pomegranate fruit, 50.
Pope's creek, Va., 43.
Population per square mile,
60, 62, 63.
Portuguese navigators, 10.
Potatoes, 59.
Potomac river, sail from, 5, 6.
Power of attorney, 41.
Provost marshal, 61.
Pulmonary diseases, 11.
Pursell,Gov. of Tort olo, 55,61.
Rabbies, canine, 43.
Randall's Point, 63.
Rape, trial of Charnock for,
54-
Reid, James, Esq., 13.
Residents of island related to
the colonists, 43.
Rice, 59.
Ring worm, 43.
Robinson left for Fredericks
burg, 46, 61.
Robinson. Hon. John, 13.
Gov. Thos., 41, 57, 58.
Roberts, Miss, niece of Mrs.
Clarke, 40, 46, 61.
Rum manufactured from
sugar corn, 58.
St. Andrew's Parish, 50.
St. Ann's Castle, 48, 64.
St. Christopher Island, 71.
St. Cit's or Kitt's, 71.
St. Kitt's or Cit's, 71.
St. Michael, 48, 49.
Sappadilla fruit, 50.
Saunders. Capt. John, 55,
61.

Sails seen at long distance,
70.
Small-pox at Maj. Clarke's,
40.
G. W., apprehensive of,
and attacked by, 41.
G. W. recovers from, 53.
Sparks, Jared, historian, 8, 39,
66.
Squibs, home-made, called ser
pents, 47.
Squalls of wind, 68.
Sclionburgk's History of Bar
badoes, 13, 14, 57.
Schooner for Virginia, 46.
Sea-sick, G. W., 64.
Sea stores, provided for re
turn, 55.
Sedges and marsh weeds, 75.
Serpents fired, 46.
Sharks, 25.
Sheriff General, 61.
Ship tossed in trade-wind,
64.
Ships anchored in Carlisle
Bay, 46.
Sloop sighted, 36, 38.
Slavery abolished in Barba
does, 63.
Soil black and rich, 58.
Sorghum, 60.
Soundings gave 22 fathoms,
75-
Statue, in marble, of Gren
ville, 57.
Stay sail, 71.
Stephenson. Warren and
Robert, 61.
Messrs., merchants, 55.
Stock, fodder for, 59.

86

Index.

Stores put aboard "Industry,"
55-
Storms of severity, 68, 69.
Stroud, Capt. Matthew, for
Norfolk, 71.
Sugar cane culture, 58.
yield per acre, 60.
Surveyor General, 47, 51.
Surveyor, G. W. licensed as, 3.
"Tack," a sailor's phrase, 67.
Tappahannock, Essex Co.,
Va., 77.
Taverns, none in Barbadoes,
60.
Text supplied from Sparks,
40.
Theater tickets from Mr. Car
ter, 52.
first attended by G. W.,
52.
Thornton. Col. Prestley, 13.
Toner Collection in Library of
Congress, 8.
Torrid zone, 43.
Trade winds, 64.
Tragedy of Geo. Barnwell,
52.
Travelers, hospitality to, 60.
"Tripe Bristol" for dinner, 65.
Vault-burial at Mount Ver
non, 45.
Vernon. Admiral, 44.
Vessel from St. Cit's spoke us,
71.
another comes up, 71.
keeps company, 71.
Virginia and Maryland cock
fights, 76.

Virginia, subscribers to
Hughes' History of
Barbadoes, 12.
Wagener. Maj. Peter, 13.
" Wakefield," Westmoreland
Co., 44.
Warren, Mr., extends hospi
talities, 49, 50.
Washington, Augustine, Sr.,
43-
second wife, 43.
his death, 44.
Washington,Augustine,Jr.,43. inherits Wakefield, 44.
member of the Ohio
Company, 44.
Washington. Betty, 43.
Washington. Charles, 44.
Washington. Major George, 3.
of dignified address, 3.
of mature mind, 3.
licensed as a surveyor, 3.
military commission, 3.
rank Adjutant-General of
Virginia, 3.
goes to Island Barba
does, 3.
journal kept of tour, 45.
sailed from the Poto
mac, 5.
log-book of voyage, 6.
re-studies navigation, 6.
observations at sea, 6.
log-book comments, 7.
the journal crumbling to
dust, 7.
given here with exact
ness, 9.
his early life shown in
journal, 9.

Index.

87

Washington, Major George,
style of writing, 39,
_ 40.
George and Lawrence,
greatly attached, 45.
attacked with small-pox,
53-
recovers from small-pox,
53-
dined at Maj. Clarke's, 54.
attends church, 54.
returns for Lawrence's
wife, 59.
sea-sick, 64.
comments on the govern
ment of island, 64.
barely escapes accident,
68.
chest robbed, 68, 69.
lands at York, 76.
dines with Gov. Din-
widdie, 76.
delivers letters to the
Governor, 76.
reaches his brother Au
gustine's, 77.
visits his mother, 77.
arrives at Mount Vernon,
77-
messages to Lawrence's
wife, 77.
Washington. Jane (Butler), 43.
.Washington, Col. John, ar
rives, 43.
Washington. John August
ine,^, 44.
Washington, Lawrence, emi
grant, 43.
Washington, Lawrence, father
of Augustine, 43.

Washington, Maj. Lawrence,
of Mount Vernon, 4.
executor of his father's
estate, 4.
well educated in Eng
land, 4.
captain in British army,
4, 44-
health declines, 4.
resigns his commission,
45-
goes to Barbadoes, 5.
takes George with him,
5-
a man of business, 5,
45-
pre^ident—of-the---Ohi& Company, 44.
becomes consumptive, 5,
42.
sketch of his life, 43.
his marriage, 44.
names his estate " Mount
Vernon," 44.
in the hands of doctors,
50.
member of House of Bur
gesses, 45.
laments the absence of
his wife, 56.
dines at Needham Fort,
54-
trustee of town of Alex
andria, 55.
health not improved in
Barbadoes, 55.
dies at Mount Vernon,
44.
remains interred in vault,
57-

88

Index.

Washington, Maj. Lawrence,
one child survives him,46.
Washington. Mildred, 44.
Washington. Samuel, 43.
Webb. Mr. George, 13.
Weighed anchor, 55.
Westmoreland county, Va.,
43-

Whiting, Beverly, Esq., 13.
Windward Islands, 41, 48.
Worms attacked the bread,
at sea, 33.
Yams, 59.
Yellow fever, 43.
York river, 75.

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