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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Purchased from the income
of the bequest of
WILLIAM ROBERTSON COE
Honorary M.A. 1949, for
material in the field
of American Studies.

REFERENCE
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THE

PAST AND PKESENT

OF

Boom Coubty, Illinois,

containing

A History of the County — Its Cities, Towns, &c, A Biographical
Directory of its Citizens, "War Record of its Volunteers in
the late Rebellion, Portraits of Early Settlers and
Prominent Men, General and Local Statistics,
History of the Northwest, History of Illinois,
Constitution of the United States, Map
of Boone County, Miscellaneous
Matters, Etc., Etc.

ILLUSTRATED.

CHICAGO :
fl. P. KETT & CO., Cor. 5th Ave. and Washington/.St.
1877.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by
H. F. KETT & CO.,
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

Ottaway & Colbert,
PRINTERS,
147 & 149 Fifth Av., Chicago, IH.

Cr\55

Preface.

We herewith present to the public The Past and Present of Boone Ccwjnte, in
historical form. That this volume will be closely criticised by some, approved by «chers,
and read by all, we entertain no doubt. The first we expect, the second we ardently hope
for, and the last we earnestly request. It has been our purpose to collect in detail all the
incidents relating to the early history of the county, as well as the later events, and to
arrange them in such order as to make them not only readable, but interesting; and; thus
preserve the annals pertinent to pioneer life on the beautiful prairies of the Kishwaukee —
on the old council grounds — the favorite Vesort of the Pottawatomies. Only in book, farm
could they be thus preserved and handed down to those who will come -Jo succeed the
present population in the not far distant "by and by.",
The time and labor necessary to the accomplishment of this undertaking, has- been an.
arduous, although not an unpleasant duty. It has been full of interest to us, as well as
pleasure, by having brought us in contact and acquaintance with a people whom it is an
honor to know, from all of whom we received valuable information, and to all of whom we
acknowledge our obligations for words of encouragement, courtesy and uniform kindnes&.
In this work we present a feature that is new in works of this character — the compila
tion of a list of the county officers, the judiciary, representatives and senators in the State
Legislature, etc., their names, when elected, and all the other minutiae pertaining to a com
plete record of the civil officers chosen from time to time by the people, and extending over
a period of forty years. This department will be invaluable as a source of reference in time
to come, and is a feature that we feel assured will be appreciated by the people in whose
interest this book is published. This record will date back to the first election for connty
officers, on the first Monday in May, 1837, and will extend up to and include the last regular
election in November, 1876.
That some inaccuracies will be noted must be expected, but we trust they will prove to be
few and of minor importance. We have sought to avoid such subjects of objection and criti
cism by every possible means, and wherever such errors may be detected, we hope they will
be attributed to the proper cause. In some instances no records could be found relating to
certain facts that we desired to incorporate. In seeking to obtain them by "interviewing"
the "oldest living settlers," we would sometimes receive conflicting, though honest state
ments, from different individuals. To sift these statements and arrive at the most
reasonable conclusions has been a delicate task, but we have tried to discharge that duty
with the single purpose to write of things as they actually transpired. The passage of forty
years in the onward flight of time wastes the energy and vigor of men's minds, as well as
the strength and vigor of their physical organizations. Circumstances that were fresh in

IV preface.
their memories ten and twenty years after their occurrence, are almost forgotten when forty
years have gone ; and when attention is directed to them, their memory recalls them as more
like a midnight dream than actual occurrences in which they were partial, if not full
participants. The footprint of time leaves its impressions on everything.
In some instances the reader will observe that we seem to get ahead of incidents as
they occurred in the regular order of time and the official records of the county, but this
was necessary in order to follow out and dispose of a particular subject. The seeming fall
ing back in such instances as those to which we refer, is only taking up the date or subject
from where we digressed. In other words, "resuming when we got ready to resume."
The incidents related under the caption of Political and Personal Recollections,
are gathered from Old Settlers and a series of letters written by Dr. Daniel H. Whitney, and
published by the Belvidere press a few years ago.
Our undertaking to preserve the Past and Present op Boone County is completed,
and it only remains for us to return our thanks to the intelligent, kind and courteous people
of " Little Boone " for their words of approval, the information they have given us, as well
as for their generous and liberal patronage, and to assure them that whatever of merit this
ofiferiDg may deserve, is due in some measure to them and the interest they have manifested
in a desire to perpetuate in this form the annals of a county which their enterprise and
energy has made to rank second to no other county in the state in all that goes to make a
community prosperous, dignified and refined. Respectfully,
H. F. Kett & Co.,
October, 1877. Publishers.

Contents/

HISTORICAL.

Page.
History Northwest Territory.. 19
Geouriphical Position  19
Early Explorat ons  20
Discovorv of tin; Ohio ... 31
English Explorations and
Settlements   S3
American Settlements... 60
Division ot tho Northwest
Territory  _  ._ 66
Tecumseh and the War of
1812  70
Black Hawk and the Black
Hawk War..  71
Other Indian Troubles  79
Present Condition of the
Northwest   _ 87
Illinois  m
Indiana...   101
Iowa  102
Michigan  103
Wisconsin  104
Minnesota...  106

Page.
History Northwest Territory.
Nebraska  107
Historv of Illinois..  109
Coal  _  12:.
('(impact of 1787  11V
Chicago   138
Early Discoveries  13
Earlv Settlements  11.1
Education  129
French Occupation  112
Genius of La Salle  118
Material Resources  121
Massacre at Ft.. Dearborn,141
Physical Features  121
Progress of Devolopment.123
Religion and Morals  128
War Eecord   1811
History of Boone Co  221
Agricultural __  267
Circuit Judges   .320
Connty and Town Officers,
etc  321

Page.
History of Boone Co.
County Schools  273
Geological Formations.. .222
General History  22S
Old People  316
Physical Geography  221
Political and Personal Re
coil' ct ions   :J.25
Prupertv Statement  340
Railroads  270
Senators and Representa
tives  319
Tote of Bonne Co  ..339
Historv of Towns:
Belvidere  276
Bonus  307
Boone ._  3"8
Caledonia  312
Flora  314
Leroy  316
Munches ter  317
Spring  ...317

IUIT.STRATIO.VS.

Page.
Mouth of the Mississippi  21
Source ofthe Mississippi  21
Wild Prairie  23
La Salle Landing on the Shore
of Green Bay  — . 25
Buffalo Hunt  27
Trapping  .'  2!1
Hunting  32
Iioquois Chief   34
Pontiac, the Ottawa Cluetrain. 43
Indians Attacking. Frontiers
men  _  56
A Prairie Storm   59
A Pioneer Dwelling   61
Breaking Prairie  _  _ 63
Tecumseh, the Shawnoe Chief
tain  69

Page.
Indians Attacking a Stockade. 7.'
Black Hawk, the Sac Chieftain 75
Big Eagle  80
Captain Jack, the Modoc Chief
tain..  83
Kinzie House...  85
Village Residence  86
a Representative Pioneer  87
Lincoln Monument, Spring
field, Til  88
A Pioneer School House  89
Farm View in the Winter  90
Spring Scene  91
Pioneers' First Winter  92
Apple Harvest  91
Great Iron Bridge of C, R. P.

Page.
and P. R. R , Crossing the
Mississippi at Davenport,
Io>va  96
A Western Dwelling  100
Hunting Prairie WolveB at an
Early Day,  108
Starved Rock, on the Illinois
River. La Salle Co., Ill  110
An Early Settlement  116
Chioaeoin 1833  133
Old FortDearhorn,1830  136
Present Site Lake St. Bridge,
Chicago, 1833  136
Ruins of Chicago  142
View of the City of Chicago. .144
Shabbona  119

LITHOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS.

Page.
Bowley. H. F  291
Brooks, W. H  363
Coon, R. W  201
Cornvvell, B  309
Doty, S. P  SI
Drake, Abram  381

Page.
Fuller, Allen C  219
Fuller, Chas. E  165
Foote, Jno. J...  345
Girdncr, Cephus  114
Hnrlbnt, S. A  255
Jenner, A. E  183

Page.
Lawrence, L. W  50
Moss,E. E  237
May, Ezra  273
Pettit, D. B  327
Sawyer, Jas. W  147
Witt, C. F  l,  399

BOO.VE COUNTY WAR RECORD,

Page.
Infantry  254
11th  254
12th  2.M
15th  251
17th  258
29th  258
39th   .258
45th  258
48th  259

Page.
Infantry. 58th  259
05th  259
90th  259
95th  259
105th  263
134th  263
142d  263
153d  264

Page.
Infantry. 156th  265
Cavalry  265
9th   265
13th  266
17th  266
Artillery   266
1st  266
2d    266

VI

CONTENTS.

TOWNSHIP DIRECTORY.

Tage.
Belvidere  311
Boone  371
Bonus  378

Page.
Caledonia  886
Flora  390
Leroy  408

Manchester.Spring 

Page.
....405
....408

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.

Page.
Adoption of Children  160
Bills of Exchange and Prom
issory Notes.. 1  151
County Courts  155
Conveyances  1!i4
Church Organization  189
Descent  151
Deeds and Mortgages  157
Drainage  163
Damages from Trespass  169
Definition of Com'rcial Terms173
Exemptions from Forced Sale,156
Estravs  157
Fences  168
Forms :
Articles of Agreement  175
Bills ot Purchase  174
Bills of Sale  176

Forms: Page.
Bonds  176
Chattel Mortgages  177
Codicil  ..189
Lease of Farm and B'ld'gs,! 79
Lease of House  180
Landlord's Agreement  180
Notes.  174
Noitce Tenant to Quit  181
Orders  174
Quit Claim Deed  ...185
Receipt...  174
Real Estate Mortgage to
secure paym't of Money, 181
Releiisc  1H6
Tenant's Agreement  180
Tenant's Notice to Quit. .181
Warranty Deed  182
Will  Ii7

Page.
Game  158
Interest  151
Jurisdiction of Courts  154
Limitation of Action  155
Landlord and Tenant  169
Liens  172
Married Women  155
Millers  159
Marks and Brands  159
Paupers  164
Roads and Bridges  161
Surveyors and Surveys  160
Sue^estion toPersons ptirchas
ing Books by Subscription .190
Taxes .-  .154
Wills and Estates  152
Weights and Measures  158
Wolf Scalps  164

MISCELLANEOUS.

Page.
Map of Boone Co  Front.
Constitution ot United Staiesl92
Electors of President aud
Vice-President. 1876  206
Practical Rules for fcvery day
use   .207
U. S. Government Land Meas
ure  210
Agricultural Productions of

Page.
Illinois bv Connties 1870 ...218
Surveyors Measure   21 1
How to keep accounts  211
I merest Table  212
Miscellaneous Table  212
Names of the States of the
Union and their Significa
tions  213
Population ofthe U. S  214

Page.
Population of Fifty Principal
Cities or the IJ. S  214
Population and Area of the
United States  215
Population ot the Principal
Countries in the World  215
Population Illinois  216 & 217
Vote of Boone County  339

The Northwest Territory.

GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION.
When the Northwestern Territory was ceded to the United States
by Virginia in 1784, it embraced only the territory lying between the
Ohio and the Mississippi Ravers, and north to the northern limits of the
United States. It coincided with the area now embraced in the States
of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and that portion of
Minnesota lying on the east side of the Mississippi River. The United
States itself at that period extended no farther west than the Mississippi
River ; but by the purchase of Louisiana in 1803, the western boundary
of the United States was extended to the Rocky Mountains and the
Northern Pacific Ocean. The new territory thus added to the National
domain, and subsequently opened to settlement, has been called the
" New Northwest," in contradistinction from the old " Northwestern
Territory." In comparison with the old Northwest this is a territory of vast
magnitude. It includes an area of 1,887,850 square miles ; being greater
in extent than the united areas of all the Middle and Southern States,
including Texas. Out of this magnificent territory have been erected
eleven sovereign States and eight Territories, with an aggregate popula
tion, at the present time, of 13,000,000 inhabitants, or nearly one third of
the entire population of the United States.
Its lakes are fresh-water seas, and the larger rivers of the continent
flow for a thousand miles through its rich alluvial valleys and far-
stretching prairies, more acres of which are arable and productive of the
highest percentage of the cereals than of any other area of like extent
on the globe.
For the last twenty years the increase of population in the North
west has been about as three to one in any other portion of the United
States. (19^

20 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

EARLY EXPLORATIONS.

In the year 1541, DeSoto first saw the Great West in the New
World. He, however, penetrated no farther north than the 35th parallel
of latitude. The expedition resulted in his death and that of more than
half his army, the remainder of whom found their way to Cuba, thence
to Spain, in a famished and demoralized condition. DeSoto founded no
settlements, produced no results, and left no traces, unless it were that
he awakened the hostility of the red man against the white man, and
disheartened such as might desire to follow up the career of discovery
for better purposes. The French nation were eager and ready to seize
upon any news from this extensive, domain, and were the first to profit by
DeSoto's defeat. Yet it was more than a century before any adventurer
took advantage of these discoveries.
In 1616, four years before the pilgrims " moored their bark on the
wild New England shore," Le Caron, a French Franciscan, had pene
trated through the Iroquois and Wyandots (Hurons) to the streams which
run into Lake Huron ; and in 1634, two Jesuit missionaries founded the
first mission among the lake tribes. It was just one hundred years from
the discovery of the Mississippi by DeSoto (1541) until the Canadian
envoys met the savage nations of the Northwest at the Falls of St. Mary,
below the outlet of Lake Superior. This visit led to no permanent
result; yet it was not until 1659 that any of the adventurous fur traders
attempted to spend *a Winter in the frozen wilds about the great lakes,
nor was it until 1660 that a station was established upon their borders by
Mesnard, who perished in the woods a few months afte.r. In 1665, Claude
Allouez built the earliest lasting habitation of the white man among the
Indians of the Northwest. In 1668, Claude Dablon and James Marquette
founded the mission of Sault Ste. Marie at the Falls of St. Mary, and two
years afterward, Nicholas Perrot, as agent for'M. Talon, Governor Gen
eral of Canada, explored Lake Illinois (Michigan) as far south as the
present City of Chicago, and invited the Indian nations to meet him at a
grand council at Sault Ste. Marie the following Spring, where they were
taken under the protection of the king, and formal possession was taken
of the Northwest. This same year Marquette established a mission at
Point St. Ignatius, where was founded the old town of Michillimackinac.
During M. Talon's explorations and Marquette's residence at St.
Ignatius, they learned of a great river away to the west, and fancied
—as all others did then— that upon its fertile banks whole tribes of God
children resided, to whom the sound of the Gospel had never come
Filled with a wish to go and preach to them, and in compliance with i

s

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

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22 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
request of M. Talon, who earnestly desired to extend the domain of his
king, and to ascertain whether the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico
or the Pacific Ocean, Marquette with Joliet, as commander of the expe
dition, prepared for the undertaking.
On the 13th of May, 1673, the explorers, accompanied by five assist
ant French Canadians, set out from Mackinaw on their daring voyage of
discovery. The Indians, who gathered to witness their departure, were
astonished at the boldness of the undertaking, and endeavored to dissuade
them from their purpose by representing the tribes on the Mississippi as
exceedingly savage and cruel, and the river itself as full of all sorts of
frightful monsters ready to swallow them and their canoes together. But,
nothing daunted by these terrific descriptions, Marquette told them he
was willing not only to encounter all the perils of the unknown region
they were about to explore, but to lay down his life in a cause in which
the salvation of souls was involved ; and having prayed together they
separated. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, the
adventurers entered Green Bay, and passed thence up the Fox River and
Lake Winnebago to a village of the Miamis and Kickapoos. Here Mar
quette was delighted to find a beautiful cross planted in the middle of the
town ornamented with white skins, red girdles and bows and arrows,
which these good people had offered to the Great Manitou, or God, to
thank him for the pity he had bestowed on them during the Winter in
giving them an abundant " chase." This was the farthest outpost to
which Dablon and Allouez had extended their missionary labors the
year' previous. Here Marquette drank mineral waters and was instructed
in the secret of a root which cures the bite of the venomous rattlesnake.
He assembled the chiefs and old men of the village, and, pointing to
Joliet, said : " My friend is an envoy of France, to discover new coun
tries, and I am an ambassador from God to enlighten them with the truths
of the Gospel." Two Miami guides were here furnished to conduct
them to the Wisconsin River, and they set out from the Indian village on
the 10th of June, amidst a great crowd of natives who had assembled to
witness their departure into a region where no white man had ever yet
ventured. The guides, having conducted them across the portage,
returned. The explorers launched their canoes upon the Wisconsin,
which they descended to the Mississippi and proceeded down its unknown
waters. What emotions must have swelled their breasts as they struck
out into the broadening current and became conscious that they were
now.upon the bosom of ths Father of Waters. The mystery was about
to be lifted from the long-sought river. The scenery in that locality is
beautiful, and on that delightful seventeenth of June must have been
clad in all its primeval loveliness as it had been adorned by the hand of

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

23

Nature. Drifting rapidly, it is said that the bold bluffs on either hand
" reminded them of the castled shores of their own beautiful rivers of
France." By-and-by, as they drifted along, great herds of buffalo appeared
on the banks. On going to the heads of the valley they could see a
country of the greatest beauty and fertility, apparently destitute of inhab
itants yet presenting the appearance of extensive manors, under the fas
tidious cultivation of lordly proprietors.

THE WILD PEAIEIE.

On June 25, they went ashore and found some fresh traces of men upon
the sand, and a path which led to the prairie. The men remained in the
boat, and Marquette and Joliet followed the path till they discovered a
village on the banks of a river, and two other villages on a hill, within a
half league of the first, inhabited by Indians. They were received most
hospitably by these natives, who had never before seen a white person.
After remaining a few days they re-embarked and descended the river to
about latitude 33°, where they found a village of the Arkansas, and being
satisfied that the river flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, turned their course

24 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
up the river, and ascending the stream to the mouth of the Illinois,
rowed up that stream to its source, and procured guides from that point
to the lakes. " Nowhere on this journey," says Marquette, " did we see
such grounds, meadows, woods, stags, buffaloes, deer, wildcats, bustards,
swans, . ducks, parroquets, and even beavers, as on the Illinois River."
The party, without loss or injury, reached Green Bay in September, and
reported their discovery — one of the most important of the age, but of
which no record was preserved save Marquette's, Joliet losing his by
the upsetting of his canoe on his way to Quebec. Afterward Marquette
returned to the Illinois Indians by their request, and ministered to them
until 1675. On the 18th of May, ih that year, as he was passing the
mouth of a stream — going with his boatmen up Lake Michigan — he asked
to land at its mouth and celebrate Mass. Leaving his men with the canoe,
he retired a short distance and began his devotions. As much time
passed and he did not return, his men went in search of him, and found
him upon his knees, dead. He had peacefully passed away while at
prayer. He was buried at this spot. Charlevoix, who visited the place
fifty years after, found the waters had retreated from the grave, leaving
the beloved missionary to repose in peace. The river has since been
called Marquette.
While Marquette and his companions were pursuing their labors in
the West, two men, differing widely from him and each other, were pre
paring to follow in his footsteps and perfect the discoveries so well begun
by him. These were Robert de LaSalle and Louis Hennepin.
After La Salle's return from the discovery of the Ohio River (see
the narrative elsewhere), he established himself again among the French
trading posts in Canada. Here he mused long upon the pet project of
those ages — a short way to China and the East, and was busily planning an
expedition up the great lakes, and so across the continent to the Pacific,
when Marquette returned from the Mississippi. At once the vigorous mind
of LaSalle received from his and his companions' stories the idea that by fol
lowing the Great River northward, or by turning up some of the numerous
western tributaries, the object could easily be gained. He applied to
Frontenac, Governor General of Canada, and laid before him the plan,
dim but gigantic. Frontenac entered warmly into his plans, and saw that
LaSalle's idea to connect the great lakes by a chain of forts with the Gulf
of Mexico would bind the country so wonderfully together, give un
measured power to France, and glory to himself, under whose adminis
tration he earnestly hoped all would be realized.
LaSalle now repaired to France, laid his plans before the King, who
warmly approved of them, and made him a Chevalier. He also received
from all the noblemen the warmest wishes for his success. The Chev-

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

25

alier returned to Canada, and busily entered upon his work. He at
once rebuilt Fort Frontenac and constructed the first ship to sail on
these fresh-water seas. On the 7th of August, 1679, having been joined
by Hennepin, he began his voyage in the Griffin up Lake Erie. He
passed over this lake, through the straits beyond, up Lake St. Clair and
into Huron. In this lake they encountered heavy storms. They were
some time at Michillimackinac, where LaSalle founded a fort, and passed
on to Green Bay, the " Baie des Puans " of the French, where he found
a large quantity of furs collected for him. He loaded the Griffin with
these, and placing her under the care of a pilot and fourteen sailors,

LA SALLE LANDING ON THE SHORE OF GREEN BAT.
started her on her return voyage. The vessel was never afterward heard
of. He remained about these parts until early in the Winter, when, hear
ing nothing from the Griffin, he collected all his men — thirty working
men and three monks — and started again upon his great undertaking.
By a short portage they passed to the Illinois or Kankakee, called by
the Indians, " Theakeke," wolf, because of the tribes of Indians called
by that name, commonly known as the Mahingans, dwelling there'. The
French pronounced it Kiakiki, which became corrupted to Kankakee.
"Falling down the said river by easy journeys, the better to observe the
country," about the last of December they reached a village of the
Illinois Indians, containing some five hundred cabins, but at that moment

26

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

no inhabitants. The Seur de LaSalle being in want of some breadstuffs,
took advantage of the absence of the Indians to help himself to a suffi
ciency of maize, large quantities of which he found concealed in holes
under the wigwams. This village was situated near the present village
of Utica in LaSalle County, Illinois. The corn being securely stored,
the voyagers again betook themselves to the stream, and toward evening,
on the 4th day of January, 1680, they came into a lake which must have
been the lake of Peoria. This was called by the Indians Pim-i-te-wi, that
is, a place where there are many fat beasts. Here the natives were met
with in large numbers, but they were gentle and kind, and having spent
some time with them, LaSalle determined to erect another fort in that
place, for he had heard rumors that some of the adjoining tribes were
trying to disturb the good feeling which existed, and some of his men
were disposed to complain, owing to the hardships and perils of the travel.
He called this fort " Crevecoeur" (broken-heart), a name expressive of the
very natural sorrow and anxiety which the pretty certain loss of his ship,
Griffin, and his consequent impoverishment, the danger of hostility on the
part of the Indians, and of mutiny among his own men, might well cause
him. His fears were not entirely groundless. At one time poison was
placed in his food, but fortunately was discovered.
While building this fort, the Winter wore away, the prairies began to
look green, and LaSalle, despairing of any reinforcements, concluded to
return to Canada, raise new means and new men, and embark anew in
the enterprise. For this purpose he made Hennepin the leader of a party
to explore the head waters of the Mississippi, and he set out on his jour
ney. This journey was accomplished with the aid of a few persons, and
was successfully made, though over an almost unknown route, and in a
bad season of the year. He safely reached Canada, and set out again for
the object of his search.
Hennepin and his party left Fort Crevecceur on the last of February,
1680. When LaSalle reached this place on his return expedition, he
found the fort entirely deserted, and he was obliged to return again to
Canada. He embarked the third time, and succeeded. Seven days after
leaving the fort, Hennepin reached the Mississippi, and paddling up the
icy stream as best he could, reached no higher than the Wisconsin River
by the 11th of April. Here he and his followers were taken prisoners by a
band of Northern Indians, who treated them with great kindness. Hen
nepin's comrades were Anthony Auguel and Michael Ako. On this voy
age they found several beautiful lakes, and " saw some charming prairies."
Their captors were the Isaute or Sauteurs, Chippewas, a tribe of the Sioux
nation, who took them up the river until about the first of May, when
they reached some falls, which Hennepin christened Falls of St. Anthony

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

27

in honor of his patron saint. Here they took the land, and traveling
nearly two hundred miles to the northwest, brought them to their villages.
Here they were kept about three months, were treated kindly by their
captors, and at the end of that time, were met by a band of Frenchmen,

BUFFALO HUNT.

headed by one Seur de Luth, who, in pursuit of trade and game, had pene
trated thus far by the route of Lake Superior ; and with these fellow-
countrymen Hennepin and his companions were allowed to return to the
borders of civilized life in November, 1680, just after LaSalle had
returned to the wilderness on his second trip. Hennepin soon after went
to France, where he published an account of his adventures.

28 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
The Mississippi was first discovered by De Soto in April, 1541, in his
vain endeavor to find gold and precious gems. In the following Spring,
De Soto, weary with hope long deferred, and worn out with his wander
ings, he fell a victim to disease, and on the 21st of May died. His followers,
reduced by fatigue and disease to less than three hundred men, wandered
about the country nearly a year, in the vain endeavor to rescue them
selves by land, and finally constructed seven small vessels, called brigan-
tines, in which they embarked, and descending the river, supposing it
would lead them to the sea,, in July they came to the sea (Gulf of
Mexico), and by September reached the Island of Cuba.
They were the first to see the great outlet of the Mississippi ; but,
being so weary and discouraged, made no attempt to claim the country,
and hardly had an intelligent idea of what they had passed through.
To La Salle, the intrepid explorer, belongs the honor of giving the
first account of the mouths of the river. His great desire was to possess
this entire country for his king, and in January, 1682, he and his band of
explorers left the shores of Lake Michigan on their third attempt, crossed
the portage, passed down the Illinois River, and on the 6th of February,
reached the banks of the Mississippi.
On the 13th they commenced their downward course, which they
pursued with but one interruption, until upon the 6th of March they dis
covered the three great passages by which the river discharges its waters
into the gulf. La Salle thus narrates the event :
" We landed on the bank of the most western channel, about three
leagues (nine miles) from its mouth. On the seventh, M. de LaSalle
went to reconnoiter the shores of the neighboring sea, and M. de Tonti
meanwhile examined the great middle channel. They found the main
outlets beautiful, large and deep. On the 8th we reascended the river, a
little above its confluence with the sea, to find a dry place beyond the
reach of inundations. The elevation of the North Pole was here about
twenty-seven degrees. Here we prepared a column and a cross, and to
the* column were affixed the arms of France with this inscription :
Louis Le Grand, Roi De France et de Navarre, regne ; Le neuvieme Avril, 1682.
The whole party, under arms, chanted the Te Deum, and then, after
a salute and cries of " Vive le Roi" the column was erected by M. de
LaSalle, who, standing near it, proclaimed ih a loud voice the authority of
the King of France. LaSalle returned and laid the foundations of the Mis
sissippi settlements in Illinois, thence he proceeded to France, where
another expedition was fitted out, of which he was commander, and in two
succeeding voyages failed to find the outlet of the river by sailing along
the shore of the gulf. On his third voyage he was killed, through tbe

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

29

treachery of his followers, and the object of his expeditions was not
accomplished until 1699, when DTberville, under the authority of the
crown, discovered, on the second of March, by way of the sea, the mouth
of the " Hidden River." This majestic stream was called by the natives
" Malbouchia" and by the Spaniards, "Za Palissade," from the great

n

mt
Mm

fee* 000"*
number of trees about its mouth. After traversing the several outlets,
and satisfying himself as to its certainty, he erected a fort near its
western outlet, and returned to France.
An avenue of trade was now opened out which was fully improved.
In 1718, New Orleans was laid out and settled by some European colon
ists. In 1762, the colony was made over to Spain, to be regained by
France under the consulate of Napoleon. In 1803, it was purchased by
30

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

the United States for the sum of fifteen million dollars, and the territory
of Louisiana and commerce of the Mississippi River came under the
charge of the United States. Although LaSalle's labors ended in defeat
and death, he had not worked and suffered in vain. He had thrown
open to France and the world an immense and most valuable country ;
had established several ports, and laid the foundations of more than one
settlement there. " Peoria, Kaskaskia and Cahokia, are to this day monu
ments of LaSalle's labors ; for, though he had founded neither of them
(unless Peoria, which was built nearly upon the site of Fort Crevecceur,)
it was by those whom he led into the West that these places were
peopled and civilized. He was, if not the discoverer, the first settler of
the Mississippi Valley, and as such deserves to be known and honored."
The French early improved the opening made for them. Before the
year 1698, the Rev. Father Gravier began a mission among the Illinois,
and founded Kaskaskia. For some time this was merely a missionary
station, where none but natives resided, it being one of three such vil
lages, the other two being Cahokia and Peoria. What is known of
these missions is learned from a letter written by Father Gabriel Marest,
dated " Aux Cascaskias, autrement dit de lTmmaculate Conception de
la Sainte Vierge, le 9 Novembre, 1712." Soon after the founding of
Kaskaskia, the missionary, Pinet, gathered a flock at Cahokia, while
Peoria arose near the ruins of Fort Crevecceur. This must have been
about the year 1700. Th6 post at Vincennes on the Oubache river,
(pronounced WS-bS,, meaning summer cloud moving swiftly) was estab
lished in 1702, according to the best authorities.* It is altogether prob
able that on LaSalle's last trip he established the stations at Kaskaskia
and Cahokia. In July, 1701, the foundations of Fort Ponchartrain
were laid by De la Motte Cadillac on the Detroit River. These sta
tions, with those established further north, were the earliest attempts to
occupy the Northwest Territory. At the same time efforts were being
made to occupy the Southwest, which finally culminated in the settle
ment and founding of the City of New Orleans by a colony from England
in 1718. This was mainly accomplished through the efforts of the
famous Mississippi Company, established by the notorious John Law,
who so quickly arose into prominence in France, and who with his
scheme so quickly and so ignominiously passed away.
From the time of the founding of these stations for fifty years the
French nation were engrossed with the settlement of the lower Missis
sippi, and the war with the Chicasaws, who had, in revenge for repeated
» There Is considerable dispute about this date, some asserting lt was founded as late as 1742. When
the new court house at Vincennes was erected, all authorities on the subject were carefully examined, and
1702'fixed upon as the correct date. It was accordingly engraved on the corner-stone of the court house.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 31
injuries, cut off the entire colony at Natchez. Although the company
did little for Louisiana, as the entire West was then called, yet it opened
the trade through the Mississippi River, and started the raising of grains
indigenous to that climate. Until the year 1750, but little is known of
the settlements in the Northwest, as it was not until this time that the
attention of the English was called to the occupation of this portion of the
New World, which they then supposed they owned. Vivier, a missionary
among the Illinois, writing from " Aux Illinois," six leagues from Fort
Chartres, June 8, 1750, says: "We have here whites, negroes and
Indians, to say nothing of cross-breeds. There are five French villages,
and three villages of the natives, within a space of twenty-one leagues
situated between the Mississippi and another river called the Karkadaid
(Kaskaskias). In the five French villages are, perhaps, eleven hundred
whites, three hundred blacks and some sixty red slaves or savages. The
three Illinois towns do not contain more than eight hundred souls all
told. Most of the French till the soil; they raise wheat, cattle, pigs aiid
horses, and live like princes. Three times as much is produced as can
be consumed; and great quantities of grain and flour are sent to New
Orleans." This city was now the seaport town, of the Northwest, and
save in the extreme northern part, where only furs and copper ore were
found, almost all the products of the country found their way to France
by the mouth of the Father of Waters. In another letter, dated Novem
ber 7, 1750, this same priest says : " For fifteen leagues above the
mouth ofthe Mississippi one sees no dwellings, the ground being too low
to be habitable. Thence to New Orleans, the lands are only partially
occupied. New Orleans contains black, white and red, not more, I
think, than twelve hundred persons. To this point come all lumber,
bricks, salt-beef, tallow, tar, skins and bear's grease ; and above all, pork
and flour from the Illinois. These things create some commerce, as -forty
vessels and more have come hither this year. Above New Orleans,
plantations are again met with ; the most considerable is a colony of
Germans, some ten leagues up the river. At Point Coupee, thirty-five
leagues above the German settlement, is a fort. Along here, within five
or six leagues, are not less than sixty habitations. Fifty leagues farther
up is the Natchez post, where we have a garrison, who are kept prisoners
through fear of the Chickasaws. Here and at Point Coupee, they raise
excellent tobacco. Another hundred leagues brings us to the Arkansas,
where we have also a fort and a garrison for the benefit of the river
traders. * * * From the Arkansas to the Illinois, nearly five hundred
leagues, there is not a settlement. There should be, however, a fort at
the Oubache (Ohio), the only path by which the English can reach the
Mississippi. In the Illinois country are numberless mines, but no one to

32

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

work them as they deserve." Father Marest, writing from the post at
Vincennes in 1812, makes the same observation. Vivier also says : " Some
individuals dig lead near the surface and supply the Indians and Canada.
Two Spaniards now here, who claim to be adepts, say that our mines are
like those of Mexico, and that if we would dig deeper, we should find
silver under the lead ; and at any rate the lead is excellent. There is also
in this country, beyond doubt, copper ore, as from time to time large
pieces are found in the streams."

f^SP^

'?* JjZSrTe*""' '"'-

HUNTING.

At the close of the year 1750, the French occupied, in addition to the
lower Mississippi posts and those in Illinois, one at Du Quesne, one at
the Maumee in the country of the Miamis, and one at Sandusky in what
may be termed the Ohio Valley. In the northern part of the Northwest
they had stations at St. Joseph's on the St. Joseph's of Lake Michigan,
at Fort Ponchartrain (Detroit), at Michillimackanac or Massillimacanac,
Fox River of Green Bay, and at Sault Ste. Marie. The fondest dreams of
LaSalle were now fully realized. The French alone were possessors of
this vast realm, basing their claim on discovery and settlement. Another
nation, however, was now turning its attention to this extensive country,

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 33
and hearing of its wealth, began to lay plans for occupying it and for
securing the great profits arising therefrom.
The French, however, had another claim to this country, namely, the

DISCOVERY OF THE OHIO.
This " Beautiful " river was discovered by Robert Cavalier de La
Salle in 1669, four years before the discovery of the Mississippi by Joliet
and Marquette. While LaSalle was at his trading post on the St. Lawrence, he found
leisure to study nine Indian dialects, the chief of which was the Iroquois.
He not only desired to facilitate his intercourse in trade, but he longed
to travel and explore the unknown regions of the West. An incident
soon occurred which decided him to fit out an exploring expedition.
While conversing with some Senecas, he learned of a river called the
Ohio, which rose in their country and flowed to the sea, but at such a>
distance that it required eight months to reach its mouth. In this state
ment the Mississippi and its tributaries were considered as one stream.
LaSalle believing, as most of the French at that period did, that the great
rivers flowing west emptied into the Sea of California, was anxious to
embark in the enterprise of discovering a route across the continent to
the commerce of. China and Japan.
He repaired at once to Quebec to obtain the approval of the Gov
ernor. His eloquent appeal prevailed. The Governor and the Intendant,
Talon, issued letters patent authorizing the enterprise, but made no pro
vision to defray the expenses. At this juncture the seminary of St. Sul-/
pice decided to send out missionaries in connection with the expedition,
and LaSalle offering to sell his improvements at LaChine to raise money,
the offer was accepted by the Superior, and two thousand eight hundred
dollars were raised, with which LaSalle purchased four canoes and the
necessary supplies for the outfit.
On the 6th of July, 1669, the party, numbering twenty-four persons,
embarked in seven canoes on the St. Lawrence ; two additional canoes
carried the Indian guides. In three days they were gliding over the
bosom of Lake Ontario. Their guides conducted them directly to the
Seneca village on the bank of the Genesee, in the vicinity of the present
City of Rochester, New York. Here they expected to procure guides to
conduct them to the Ohio, but in this they were disappointed.
The Indians seemed unfriendly to the enterprise. LaSalle suspected
that the Jesuits had prejudiced their minds against his plans. After
waiting a month in the hope of gaining their object, they met an Indian

34

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

from the Iroquois colony at the head of Lake Ontario, who assured them
that they could there find guides, and offered to conduct them thence.
On their way they passed the mouth of the Niagara River, when they
heard for the first time the distant thunder of the cataract. Arriving

IROQUOIS CHIEF.
among the Iroquois, they met with a friendly reception, and learned
from a Shawanee prisoner that they could reach the Ohio in six weeks.
Delighted with the unexpected good fortune, they made" ready to resume
their journey ; but just as they were about to start they heard of the
arrival of two Frenchmen in a neighboring village. One of them proved
to be Louis Joliet, afterwards famous as an explorer in the West. He

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 35
had been sent by the Canadian Government to explore the copper mines
on Lake Superior, but had failed, and was on his way back to Quebec.
He gave the missionaries a map of the country he had explored in the
lake region, together with an account of the condition of the Indians in
that quarter. This induced the priests to determine on leaving the
expedition and going to Lake Superior. LaSalle warned them that the
Jesuits were probably occupying that field, and that they would meet
with a cold reception. Nevertheless they persisted in their purpose, and
after worship on the lake shore, parted from LaSalle. On arriving at
Lake Superior, they found, as LaSalle had predicted, the Jesuit Fathers,
Marquette and Dablon, occupying the field.
These zealous disciples of Loyola informed them that they wanted
no assistance from St. Sulpice, nor from those who made him their patron
saint ; and thus repulsed, they returned to Montreal the following June
without having made a single discovery or converted a single Indian.
After parting with the priests, LaSalle went to the chief Iroquois
village at Onondaga, where he obtained guides, and passing thence to a
tributary of the Ohio south of Lake Erie, he descended the latter as far
as the falls at Louisville. Thus was the Ohio discovered by LaSalle, the
persevering and successful French explorer of the West, in 1669.
The account of the latter part of his journey is found in an anony
mous paper, which purports to have been taken from the lips of LaSalle
himself during a subsequent visit to Paris. In a letter written to Count
Frontenac in 1667, shortly after the discovery, he himself says that he
discovered the Ohio and descended it to the falls. This was regarded as
an indisputable fact by the French authorities, who claimed the Ohio
Valley upon another ground. When Washington was sent by the colony
of Virginia in 1753, to demand of Gordeur de St. Pierre why the French
had built a fort on the Monongahela, the haughty commandant at Quebec*
replied : " We claim the country on the Ohio by virtue of the discoveries
of LaSalle, and will not give it up to the English. Our orders are to
make prisoners of every Englishman found trading in the Ohio Valley."

ENGLISH EXPLORATIONS AND SETTLEMENTS.
When the new year of 1750 broke in upon the Father of Waters
and the Great Northwest, all was still wild save at the French posts
already described. In 1749, when the English first began to think seri
ously about sending men into the West, the greater portion of the States
of Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota were yet
under the dominion of the red men. The English knew, however, pretty

36 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
conclusively of the nature of the wealth of these wilds. As early as
1710, Governor Spotswood, of Virginia, had commenced movements to
secure the country west of the AUeghenies to the English crown. In
Pennsylvania, Governor Keith and James Logan, secretary of the prov
ince, from 1719 to 1731, represented to the powers of England the neces
sity of securing the Western lands. Nothing was done, however, by that
power save to take some diplomatic steps to secure the claims of Britain
to this unexplored wilderness.
England had from the outset claimed from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
on the ground that the discovery of the seacoast and its possession was a
discovery and possession of the country, and, as is well known, her grants
to the colonies extended " from sea to sea." This was not all her claim.
She had purchased from the Indian tribes large tracts of land. This lat
ter was also a strong argument. As early as 1684, Lord H oward, Gov
ernor of Virginia, held a treaty with the six nations. These were the
great Northern Confederacy, and comprised at first the Mohawks, Onei
das, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Afterward the Tuscaroras were
taken into the confederacy, and it became known as the Six Nations.
They came under the protection of the mother country, and again in
1701, they repeated the agreement, and in September, 1726, a formal deed
was drawn up and signed by the chiefs. The validity of this claim has
often been disputed, but never successfully. In 1744, a purchase was
made at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, of certain lands within the " Colony of
Virginia," for which the Indians received £200 in gold and a like sum in
goods, with a promise that, as settlements increased, more should be paid.
The Commissioners from Virginia were Colonel Thomas Lee and Colonel
William Beverly. As settlements extended, the promise of more pay was
called to mind, and Mr. Conrad Weiser was sent across the mountains with
presents to appease the savages. Col. Lee, and some Virginians accompa
nied him with the intention of sounding the Indians upon their feelings
regarding the English. They were not satisfied with their treatment,
and plainly told the Commissioners why. The English did not desire the
cultivation of the country, but the monopoly of the Indian trade. In
1748, the Ohio Company was formed, and petitioned the king for a grant
of land beyond the AUeghenies. This was granted, and the government
of Virginia was ordered to grant to them a half million acres, two hun
dred thousand of which were to be located at once. Upon the 12th of
June, 1749, 800,000 acres from the line of Canada north and west was
made to the Loyal Company, and on the 29th of October, 1751, 100,000
acres were given to the Greenbriar Company. All this time the French
were not idle. They saw that, should the British gain a foothold in the
West, especially upon the Ohio, they might not only prevent the French

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 37
settling upon it, but in time would come to the lower posts and so gain
possession of the whole country. Upon the 10th of May, 1774, Vaud
reuil, Governor of Canada and the French possessions, well knowing the
consequences that must arise from allowing the English to build trading
posts in the Northwest, seized some of their frontier posts, and to further
secure the claim of the French to the West, he, in 1749, sent Louis Cel
eron with a party of soldiers to plant along the Ohio River, in the mounds
and at the mouths of its principal tributaries, plates of lead, on which
were inscribed the claims of France. These were heard of in 1752, and
within the memory of residents now living along the " Oyo," as the
beautiful river was called by the French. One of these plates was found
with the inscription partly defaced. It bears date August 16, 1749, and
a copy of the inscription with particular account of the discovery of the
plate, was sent by DeWitt Clinton to the American Antiquarian Society,
among whose journals it may now be found.* These measures did not,
however, deter the English from going on with their explorations, and
though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and
it was only a question of time when the storm would burst upon the
frontier settlements. In 1750, Christopher Gist was sent by the Ohio
Company to examine its lands. He went to a village of the Twigtwees,
on the Miami, about one hundred and fifty miles above its mouth. He
afterward spoke of it as very populous. From there he went down
the Ohio River nearly to the falls at the present City of Louisville,
and in November he commenced a survey of the Company's lands. Dur
ing the Winter, General Andrew Lewis performed a similar work for the
Greenbriar Company. Meanwhile the French were busy in preparing
their forts for defense, and in opening roads, and also sent a small party
of soldiers to keep the Ohio clear. This party, having heard of the Eng
lish post on the Miami River, early in 1652, assisted by the Ottawas and
Chippewas, attacked it, and, after a severe battle, in which fourteen of
the natives were killed and others wounded, captured the garrison.
(They were probably garrisoned in a block house). The traders were
carried away to Canada, and one account says several were burned. This
fort or post was called by the English Pickawillany. A memorial of the
king's ministers refers to it as " Pickawillanes, in the center of the terri
tory between the Ohio and the Wabash. ^ The name is probably some
variation of Pickaway or Picqua in 1773, written by Rev. David Jones
Pickaweke." * The following is a translation of the inscription on the plate: "In the year 1749. reign of Louis XV.,
King of France, we, Celeron, commandant of a detachment by Monsieur the Marquis of Oallisonlere, com
mander-in-chief of New France, to establish tranquility in certain Indian Tillages of these cantons, have
buried this plate at the cbnfluence of the Toradakoln, this twenty- ninth of July, near the river Ohio, otherwise
Beautiful River, as a monument of renewal of possession which we have taken of the said river, and all its
tributaries; Inasmuch as the preceding Kings of France have enjoyed it, and maintained it by their arms and
treaties; especially by those of Ryswick, Utrecht, and Alx La Ohapelle."

OS THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
This was the first blood shed between the French and English, and
occurred near the present City of Piqua, Ohio, or at least at a point about
forty-seven miles north of Dayton. Each nation became now more inter
ested in the progress of events in the Northwest. The English deter
mined to purchase from the Indians a title to the lands they wished to
occupy, and Messrs. Fry (afterward Commander-in-chief over Washing
ton at the commencement of the French War of 1775-1763), Lomax and
Patton were sent in the Spring of 1752 to hold a conference with the
natives at Logstown to learn what they objected to in the treaty of Lan
caster already noticed, and to settle all difficulties. On the 9th of June,
these Commissioners met the red men at Logstown, a little village on the
north bank of the Ohio, about seventeen miles below the site of Pitts
burgh. Here had been a trading point for many years, but it was aban
doned by the Indians in 1750. At first the Indians declined to recognize
the treaty of Lancaster, but, the Commissioners taking aside Montour,
the interpreter, who was a son of the famous Catharine Montour, and a
chief among the six nations, induced him to use his influence in their
favor. This he did, and upon the 13th of June they all united in signing
a deed, confirming the Lancaster treaty in its full extent, consenting to a
settlement of the southeast of the Ohio, and guaranteeing that it should
not be disturbed by them. These were the means used to obtain the first
treaty with the Indians in the Ohio Valley. -
Meanwhile the powers beyond the sea were trying to out-manceuvre
each other, and were professing to be at peace. The English generally
outwitted the Indians, and failed in many instances to fulfill their con
tracts. They thereby gained the ill-will of the red men, and further
increased the feeling by failing to provide them with arms and ammuni
tion. Said an old chief, at Easton, in 1758 : " The Indians on the Ohio
left you because of your own fault. When we heard the French were
coming, we asked you for help and arms, but we did not get them. The
French came, they treated us kindly, and gained our affections. The
Governor of Virginia settled on our lands for his own benefit, and, when
we wanted help, forsook us."
At the beginning of 1653, the English thought they had secured by
title the lands in the West, but the French had quietly gathered cannon
and military stores to be in readiness for the expected blow. The Eng
lish made other attempts to ratify these existing treaties, but not until
the Summer could the Indians be gathered together to discuss the plans
of the French. They had sent messages to the French, warning them
away ; but they replied that they intended to complete the chain of forts
already begun, and would not abandon the field.
Soon after this, no satisfaction being obtained from the Ohio regard-

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 39
ing the positions and purposes of the French, Governor Dinwiddie of
Virginia determined to send to them another messenger and learn from
them, if possible, their intentions. For this purpose he selected a young
man, a surveyor, who, at the early age of nineteen, had received the rank
of major, and who was thoroughly posted regarding frontier life. This
personage was no other than the illustrious George Washington, who then
held considerable interest in Western lands. He was at this time just
twenty-two years of age. Taking Gist as his guide, the two, accompanied
by four servitors, set out on their perilous march. They left Will's
Creek on the 10th of November, 1753, and on the 22d reached the Monon-
gahela, about ten miles above the fork. From there they went to
Logstown, where Washington had a long conference with the chiefs of
the Six Nations. From them he learned the condition of the French, and
also heard of their determination not to come down the river till the fol
lowing Spring. The Indians were non-committal, as they were afraid to-
turn either way, and, as far as they could, desired to remain neutral.
Washington, finding nothing could be done with them, went on to
Venango, an old Indian town at the mouth of French Creek. Here the
French had a fort, called Fort Machault. Through the rum and flattery
of the French, he nearly lost all his Indian followers. Finding nothing
of importance here, he pursued his way amid great privations, and on the
11th of December reached the fort at the head of French Creek. Here
he delivered Governor Dinwiddie's letter, received his answer, took his
observations, and on the 16th set out upon his return journey with no one
but Gist, his guide, and a few Indians who still remained true to him,
notwithstanding the endeavors of the French to retain them. Their
homeward journey was one of great peril and suffering from the cold, yet
they reached home in safety on the 6th of January, 1754.
From the letter of St. Pierre, commander of the French fort, sent by
Washington to Governor Dinwiddie, it was learned that the French would
not give up without a struggle. Active preparations were at once made
in all the English colonies for the coming conflict, while the French
finished the fort at Venango and strengthened their lines of fortifications,
and gathered their forces to be in readiness.
The Old Dominion was all alive. Virginia was the center of great
activities ; volunteers were called for, and from all the neighboring
colonies men rallied to the conflict, and everywhere along the Potomac
men were enlisting under the Governor's proclamation — which promised
two hundred thousand acres on the Ohio. Along this river they were
gathering as far as Will's Creek, and far beyond this point, whither Trent
had come for assistance for his little band of forty-one men, who were

40 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
working away in hunger and want, to fortify that point at the fork of
the Ohio, to which both parties were looking with deep interest.
" The first birds of Spring filled the air with their song ; the swift
river rolled by the Allegheny hillsides, swollen by the melting snows of
Spring and the April showers. The leaves were appearing ; a few Indian
scouts were seen, but no enemy seemed near at hand ; and all was so quiet,
that Frazier, an old Indian scout and trader, who had been left by Trent
in command, ventured to his home at the mouth of Turtle Creek, ten
miles up the Monongahela. But, though all was so quiet in that wilder
ness, keen eyes had seen the low intrenchment rising at the fork, and
swift feet had borne the news of it up the river ; and upon the morning
of the 17th of April, Ensign Ward, who then had charge of it, saw
upon the Allegheny a sight that made his heart sink — sixty batteaux and
three hundred canoes filled with men, and laden deep with cannon and
stores. * * * That evening he supped with his captor, Contrecceur,
and the next day he was bowed off by the Frenchman, and with his men
and tools, marched up the Monongahela."
The French and Indian war had begun. The treaty of Aix la
Chapelle, in 1748, had left the boundaries between the French and
English possessions unsettled, and the events already narrated show the
French were determined to hold the country watered by the Mississippi
and its tributaries ; while the English laid claims to the country by virtue
of the discoveries of the Cabots, and claimed, all the country from New
foundland to Florida, extending from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The
first decisive blow had now been struck, and the first attempt of the
English, through the Ohio Company, to occupy these lands, had resulted
disastrously to them. The French and Indians immediately completed
the fortifications begun at the Fork, which they had so easily captured;
and when completed gave to the fort the name of DuQuesne. Washing
ton was at Will's Creek when the news of the capture ofthe fort arrived.
He at once departed to recapture it. On his way he entrenched him
self at a place called the " Meadows," where he erected a fort called
by him Fort Necessity. From there he surprised and captured a force of
French and Indians marching against him, but was soon after attacked
in his fort by a much superior force, and was obliged to yield on the
morning of July 4th. He was allowed to return to Virginia.
The English Government immediately planned four campaigns ; one
against Fort DuQuesne ; one against Nova Scotia ; one against Fort
Niagara, and one against Crown Point. These occurred during 1755-6,
and were not successful in driving the French from their possessions.
The expedition against Fort DuQuesne was led by the famous General
Braddock, who, refusing to listen to the advice of Washington and those

* Ir

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 41
acquainted with Indian warfare, suffered such an inglorious defeat. This
occurred on the morning of July 9th, and is generally known as the battle
of Monongahela, or " Braddock's Defeat." The war continued with
various vicissitudes through the years 1756-7 ; when, at the commence
ment of 1758, in accordance with the plans of William Pitt, then Secre
tary of State, afterwards Lord Chatham, active preparations were made to
carry on the war. Three expeditions were planned for this year : one,
under General Amherst, against Louisburg ; another, under Abercrombie,
against Fort Ticonderoga ; and a third, under General Forbes, against
Fort DuQuesne. On the 26th of July, Louisburg surrendered after a
desperate resistance of more than forty days, and the eastern part of the
Canadian possessions fell into the hands of the British. Abercrombie
captured Fort Frontenac, and when the expedition against Fort DuQuesne,
of which Washington had the active command, arrived there, it was
found in flames and deserted. The English at once took possession,
rebuilt the fort, and in honor of their illustrious statesman, changed the
name to Fort Pitt.
The great object of the campaign of 1759, was the reduction of
Canada. General Wolfe was to lay siege to Quebec ; Amherst was to
reduce Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and General Prideaux was to
capture Niagara. This latter place was taken in July, but the gallant
Prideaux lost his life in the attempt. Amherst captured Ticonderoga
and Crown Point without a blow ; and Wolfe, after making the memor
able ascent to the Plains of Abraham, on September 13th, defeated
Montcalm, and on the 18th, the city capitulated. In this engagement
Montcolm and Wolfe both lost their lives. De Levi, Montcalm's successor,
inarched to Sillery, three miles above the city, with the purpose of
defeating the English, and there, on the 28th of the following April, was
fought one of the bloodiest battles of the French and Indian War. It
resulted in the defeat of the French, and the fall of the City of Montreal.
The Governor signed a capitulation by which the whole of Canada was
surrendered to the English. This practically concluded the war, but it
was not until 1763 that the treaties of peace between France and England
were signed. This was done on the 10th of February of that year, and
under its provisions all the country east of the Mississippi and north of
the Iberville River, in Louisiana, were ceded to England. At the same
time Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain.
On the 13th of September, 1760, Major Robert Rogers was sent
- from Montreal to take charge of Detroit, the only remaining French post
in the territory. He arrived there on the 19th of November, and sum
moned the place to surrender. At first the commander of the post,
Beletre, refused, but on the 29th, hearing of the continued defeat of the

42

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

French arms, surrendered. Rogers remained there until December 23d
under the personal protection of the celebrated chief, Pontiac, to whom,
no doubt, he owed his safety. Pontiac had come here to inquire the
purposes of the English in taking possession of the country. He was
assured that they came simply to trade with the natives, and did not
desire their country. This answer conciliated the savages, and did much
to insure the safety of Rogers and his party during their stay, and while
on their journey home.
Rogers set out for Fort Pitt on December 23, and was just one
month on the way. His route was from Detroit to Maumee, thence
across the present State of Ohio directly to the fort. This was the com
mon trail of the Indians in their journeys from Sandusky to the fork of
the Ohio. It went from Fort Sandusky, where Sandusky City now is,
crossed the Huron river, then called Bald Eagle Creek, to " Mohickon
John's Town " on Mohickon Creek, the northern branch of White
Woman's River, and thence crossed to Beaver's Town, a Delaware town
on what is now Sandy Creek. At Beaver's Town were probably one
hundred and fifty warriors, and not less than three thousand acres of
cleared land. From there the track went up Sandy Creek to and across
Big Beaver, and up the Ohio to Logstown, thence on to the fork.
The Northwest Territory was now entirely Tinder the English rule.
New settlements began to be rapidly made, and the promise of a large
trade was speedily manifested. Had the British carried out their promises
with the natives none of those savage butcheries would have been perpe
trated, and the country would have been spared their recital.
The renowned chief, Pontiac, was one of the leading spirits in these
atrocities. We will now pause in our narrative, and notice the leading
events in his life. The earliest authentic information regarding this
noted Indian chief is learned from an account of an Indian trader named
Alexander Henry, who, in the Spring of 1761, penetrated his domains as
far as Missillimacnac. Pontiac was then a great friend of the French,
but a bitter foe of the English, whom he considered as encroaching on his
hunting grounds. Henry was obliged to disguise himself as a Canadian
to insure safety, but was discovered by Pontiac, who bitterly reproached
him and the English for their attempted subjugation of the West. He
declared that no treaty had been made with them ; no presents sent
them', and that he would resent any possession of the West by that nation.
He was at the time about fifty years of age, tall and dignified, and was
civil and military ruler of the Ottawas, Ojibwas and Pottawatamies.
The Indians, from Lake Michigan to the borders of North Carolina,
were united in this feeling, and at the time of the treaty of Paris, ratified
February 10, 1763, a general conspiracy was formed to fall suddenly

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

43

PONTIAC, THE OTTAWA CHIEFTAIN.

44 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
upon the frontier British posts, and with one blow strike every man dead.
Pontiac was the marked leader in all this, and was the commander
of the Chippewas, Ottawas, Wyandots, Miamis, Shawanese, Delawares
and Mingoes, who had, for the time, laid aside their local quarrels to unite
in this enterprise.
The blow came, as near as can now be ascertained, on May 7, 1763.
Nine British posts fell, and the Indians drank, " scooped up in the hollow
of joined hands," the blood of many a Briton.
Pontiac's immediate field of action was the garrison at Detroit.
Here, however, the plans were frustrated by an Indian woman disclosing
the plot the evening previous to his arrival. Everything was carried out,
however, according to Pontiac's plans until the moment of action, when
Major Gladwyn, the commander of the post, stepping to one of the Indian
chiefs, suddenly drew aside his blanket and disclosed the concealed
musket. Pontiac, though a brave man, turned pale and trembled. He
saw his plan was known, and that the garrison were prepared. He
endeavored to exculpate himself from any such intentions ; but the guilt
was evident, and he and his followers were dismissed with a severe
reprimand, and warned never to again enter the walls of the post.
Pontiac at once laid siege to the fort, and until the treaty of peace
between the British and the Western Indians, concluded in August, 1764,
continued to harass and besiege the fortress. He organized a regular
commissariat department, issued bills of credit written out on bark,
which, to his credit, it may be stated, were punctually redeemed. At
the conclusion of the treaty, iu which it seems he took no part, he went
further south, living many years among the Illinois.
He had given up all hope of saving his country and race. After a
time he endeavored to unite the Illinois tribe and those about St. Louis
in a war with the whites. His efforts were fruitless, and only ended in a
quarrel between himself and some Kaskaskia Indians, one of whom soon
afterwards killed him. His death was, however, avenged by the northern
Indians, who nearly exterminated the Illinois in the wars which followed.
Had it not been for the treachery of a few of his followers, his plan
for the extermination of the whites, a masterly one, would undoubtedly
have been carried out.
It was in the Spring of the year following Rogers' visit that Alex
ander Henry went to Missillimacnac, and everywhere found the strongest
feelings against the English, who had not carried out their promises, and
were doing nothing to conciliate the natives. Here he met the chief,
Pontiac, who, -after conveying to him in a speech the idea that their
French father would awake soon and utterly destroy his enemies, said :
" Englishman, although you have conquered the French, you have not

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 45
yet conquered us ! We are not your slaves! These lakes, these woods,
these mountains, were left us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance,
and we will part with them to none. Your nation supposes that we, like
the white people, can not live without bread and pork and beef. But you
ought to know that He, the Great Spirit and Master of Life, has provided
food for us upon these broad lakes and in these mountains."
He then spoke of the fact that no treaty had been made with them,
no presents sent them, and that he-and his people were yet for war.
Such were the feelings of the Northwestern Indians immediately after
the English took possession of their country. These feelings were no
doubt encouraged by the-Canadians and French, who hoped that yet the
French arms might prevail. The treaty of Paris, however, gave to the
English the right to this vast domain, and active preparations were going
on to occupy it and enjoy, its trade and emoluments.
In 1762, France, by a secret treaty, ceded Louisiana to Spain, to pre
vent it falling into the hands of the English, who were becoming masters
of the entire West. The next year the treaty of Paris, signed at Fon-
tainbleau, gave to the English the domain of the country in question.
Twenty years after, by the treaty of peace between the United States
and England, that part of Canada lying south and west of the Great
Lakes, comprehending a large territory which is the subject of these
sketches, was acknowledged to be a portion of the United States ; and
twenty years still later, in 1803,' Louisiana was ceded by Spain back to
France, and by France sold to the United States.
In the half century, from the building of the Fort of Crevecceur by
LaSalle, in 1680, up to the erection of Fort Chartres, many French set
tlements had been made in that quarter. These have already been
noticed, being those at St. Vincent (Vincennes), Kohokia or Cahokia,
Kaskaskia and Prairie du Rocher, on the American Bottom, a large tract
of rich alluvial soil in Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite the site of St.
Louis. By the treaty of Paris, the regions east of the Mississippi, including
all these and other towns of the Northwest, were given over to England;
but they do not appear to have been taken possession of until 1765, when
Captain Stirling, in the name of the Majesty of England, established him
self at Fort Chartres bearing with him the proclamation of General Gage,
dated December 30, 1764, which promised religious freedom to all Cath
olics who worshiped here, and a right to leave the country with their
effects if they wished, or to remain with the privileges of Englishmen.
It was shortly after the occupancy of the West by the British that the
war with Pontiac opened. It is already noticed in the sketch of that
chieftain. By it many a Briton lost his life, and many a frontier settle-

46 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
ment in its infancy ceased to exist. This was not ended until the year
1764, when, failing to capture Detroit, Niagara and Fort Pitt, his confed
eracy became disheartened, and, receiving no aid from the French, Pon
tiac abandoned the enterprise and departed to the Illinois, among whom
he afterward lost his life.
As soon as these difficulties were definitely settled, settlers began
rapidly to survey the country and* prepare for occupation. During the
year 1770, a number of persons from Virginia and other British provinces
explored and marked out nearly all the valuable lands on the Mononga
hela and along the banks of the Ohio as far as the Little Kanawha. This
was followed by another exploring expedition, in which George Washing
ton was a party.' The latter, accompanied by Dr. Craik, Capt. Crawford
and others, on the 20th of October, 1770, descended the Ohio from Pitts
burgh to the mouth of the Kanawha ; ascended that stream about fourteen
miles, marked out several large tracts of land, shot several buffalo, which
were then abundant in the Ohio Valley, and returned to the fort.
Pittsburgh was at this time a trading post, about which was clus
tered a village of some twenty houses, inhabited by Indian traders. This
same year, Capt. Pittman visited Kaskaskia and its neighboring villages.
He found there about sixty-five resident families, and at Cahokia only
forty-five dwellings. At Fort Chartres was another small settlement, and
at Detroit the garrison were quite prosperous and strong. For a year
or two settlers continued to locate near some of these posts, generally
Fort Pitt or Detroit, owing to the fears of the Indians, who still main
tained some feelings of hatred to the English. The trade from the posts
was quite good, and from those in Illinois large quantities of pork and
flour found their way to the New Orleans market. At this time the
policy of the British Government was strongly opposed to the extension
of the colonies west. In 1763, the King of England forbade, by royal
proclamation, his colonial subjects from making a settlement beyond the
sources of the rivers which fall into the Atlantic Ocean. At the instance
of the Board of Trade, measures were taken to prevent the settlement
without the limits prescribed, and to retain the commerce within easy
reach of Great Britain.
The commander-in-chief of the king's forces wrote in 1769 : " In the
course of a few years necessity will compel the colonists, should they
extend their settlements west, to provide manufactures of some kind for
themselves, and when all connection upheld by commerce with the mother
country ceases, an independency in their government will soon follow."
In accordance with this policy, Gov. Gage issued a proclamation
in 1772, commanding the inhabitants of Vincennes to abandon their set
tlements and join some of the Eastern English colonies. To this they

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 47
strenuously objected, giving good reasons therefor, and were allowed to
remain. The strong opposition to this policy of Great Britain led to its
change, and to such a course as to gain the attachment of the French
population. In December, 1773, influential citizens of Quebec petitioned
the king for an extension of the boundary lines of that province, which
was granted, and Parliament passed an act on June 2, 1774, extend
ing the boundary so as to include the territory lying within the present
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Michigan.
In consequence of the liberal policy pursued by the British Govern
ment", toward the French settlers in the West, they were disposed to favor
that nation in the war which soon followed with the colonies ; but the
early alliance between France and America soon brought them to the side
of the war for independence.
In 1774, Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, began to encourage emigration
to the Western lands. He appointed magistrates at Fort Pitt under the
pretense that the fort was under the government of that commonwealth.
One of these justices, John Connelly, who possessed a tract of land in the
Ohio Valley, gathered a force of men and garrisoned the fort, calling it
Fort Dunmore. This and other parties were formed to select sites for
settlements, and often came in conflict with the Indians, who yet claimed
portions of the valley, and several battles followed. These ended in the
famous battle of Kanawha in July, where the Indians were defeated and
driven across the Ohio.
During the years 1775 and 1776, by the operations of land companies
and the perseverance of individuals, several settlements were firmly estab
lished between the Alleghanies and the Ohio River, and western land
speculators were busy in Illinois and on the Wabash. At a council held
in» Kaskaskia on July 5, 1773, an association of Enghsh traders, calling
themselves the "Illinois Land Company," obtained from ten chiefs ofthe
Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Peoria tribes two large tracts of land lying on
the east side of the Mississippi River south of the Illinois. In 1775, a mer
chant from the Illinois 'Country, named Viviat, came to Post Vincennes
as the agent of the association called the " Wabash Land Company." On
the 8th of October he obtained from eleven Piankeshaw chiefs, a deed for
37,497,600 acres of land. This deed was signed by the grantors, attested
by a number of the inhabitants of Vincennes, and afterward recorded in
the office of a notary public at Kaskaskia. This and other land com
panies had extensive schemes for the colonization of the West ; but all
were frustrated by the breaking out of the Revolution. On the 20th of
April, 1780, the two companies named consolidated under the name of the
" United Illinois and Wabash Land Company." They afterward made

48 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
strenuous efforts to have these grants sanctioned by Congress, but all
signally failed.
When the War of the Revolution commenced, Kentucky was an unor
ganized country, though there were several settlements within her borders..
In Hutchins' Topography of Virginia, it is stated that at that time
" Kaskaskia contained 80 houses, and nearly 1,000 white and black in
habitants — the whites being a little the more numerous. Cahokia con
tains 50 houses and 300 white inhabitants, and 80 negroes. There were
east of the Mississippi River, about the year 1771 " — when these observa
tions were made — " 300 white men capable of bearing arms, and 230
negroes." From 1775 until the expedition of Clark, nothing is recorded and
nothing known of these settlements, save what is contained in a report
made by a committee to Congress in June, 1778. From it the following
extract is made :
"Near the mouth of the River Kaskaskia, there is a village which
appears to have contained nearly eighty families from the beginning of
the late revolution. There are twelve families in a small village at la
Prairie du Rochers, and near fifty families at the Kahokia Village. There
are also four or five families at Fort Chartres and St. Philips, which is five
miles further up the river."
St. Louis had been settled in February, 1764, and at this time con
tained, including its neighboring towns, over six hundred whites and one
hundred and fifty negroes. It must be remembered that all the country
west of the Mississippi was now under French rule, and remained so until
ceded again to Spain, its original owner, who afterwards sold it and the
country including New Orleans to the United States. At Detroit there
were, according to Capt. Carver, who was in the Northwest from 1766 to
1768, more than one hundred houses, and the river was settled for more
than twenty miles, although poorly cultivated — the people being engaged
in the Indian trade. This old town has a history, which we will here
relate. It is the oldest town in the Northwest, having been founded by
Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac, in 1701. It was laid out in the form of an
oblong square, of two acres in length, and an acre and a half in width.
As described by A. D. Frazer, who first visited it and became a permanent
resident of the place, in 1778, it comprised within its limits that space
between Mr. Palmer's store (Conant Block) and Capt. Perkins' house
(near the Arsenal building), and extended back as far as the public barn,
and was bordered in front by the Detroit River. It was surrounded by
oak and cedar pickets, about fifteen feet long, "set in the ground, and had
four gates — east, west, north and south. Over the first three of these

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 49
gates were block houses provided with four guns apiece, each a six-
pounder. Two six-gun batteries were planted fronting the river and in a
parallel direction with the block houses. There were four streets running
east and west, the main street being twenty feet wide and the rest fifteen
feet, while the four streets crossing these at right angles were from ten
to fifteen feet in width.
At the date spoken of by Mr. Frazer, there was no fort within the
enclosure, but a citadel on the ground corresponding to the present
northwest corner of Jefferson Avenue and Wayne Street. The citadel was
inclosed by pickets, and within it were erected barracks of wood, two
stories high, sufficient to contain ten officers, and also barracks sufficient
to contain four hundred men, and a provision store built of brick. The
citadel also contained a hospital and guard-house. The old town of
Detroit, in 1778, contained about sixty houses, most of them one story,
with a few a story and a half in height. They were all of logs, some
hewn and some round. There was one building of splendid appearance,
called the " King's Palace," two stories high, which stood near the east
gate. It was built for Governor Hamilton, the first governor commissioned
by the British. There were two guard-houses, one near the west gate and
the other near the Government House. Each of the guards consisted of
twenty-four men and a subaltern, who mounted regularly every morning
between nine and ten o'clock, Each furnished four sentinels, who were
relieved every two hours. There was also an officer of the day, who per
formed strict duty. Each of the gates was shut regularly at sunset ;
even wicket gates were shut at nine o'clock, and all the keys were
delivered into the hands of the commanding officer. They were opened
in the morning at sunrise. No Indian or squaw was permitted to enter
town with any weapon, such as a tomahawk or a knife. It was a stand
ing order that the Indians should deliver their arms and instruments of
every kind before they were permitted to pass the sentinel, and they were
restored to them on their return. No more than twenty-five Indians were
allowed to enter the town at any one time, and they were admitted only
at the east and west gates. At sundown the drums beat, and all the
Indians were required to leave town instantly. There was a council house
near the water side for the purpose of holding council with the Indians.
The population of the town was about sixty families, in all about two
hundred males and one hundred females. This town was destroyed by
fire, all except one dwelling, in 1805. After which the present "new "
town was laid out.
On the breaking out of the Revolution, the British held every post of
importance in the West. Kentucky was formed as a component part of
Virginia, and the sturdy pioneers of the West, alive to their interests,

50 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
and recognizing the great benefits of obtaining the control of the trade in
this part of the New World, held steadily to their purposes, and those
within the commonwealth of Kentucky proceeded to exercise their
civil privileges, by electing John Todd and Richard Gallaway,
burgesses to represent them in the Assembly of the parent state.
Early in September of that year (1777) the first court was held
in Harrodsburg, and Col. Bowman, afterwards major, who had arrived
in August, was made the commander of a militia organization which
had been commenced the March previous. Thus the tree of loyalty
was growing. The chief spirit in this far-out colony, who had represented
her the year previous east of the mountains, was now meditating a move
unequaled in its boldness. He had been watching the movements of the
British throughout the Northwest, and understood their whole plan. He
saw it was through their possession of the posts at Detroit, Vincennes,
Kaskaskia, and other places, which would give them constant and easy
access to the various Indian tribes in the Northwest, that the British
intended to penetrate the country from the north and south, and annihi
late the ^frontier fortresses. This moving, energetic man was Colonel,
afterwards General, George Rogers Clark. He knew the Indians were not
unanimously in accord with the English, and he was convinced that, could
the British be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives
might be easily awed into neutrality ; and by spies sent for the purpose,
he satisfied himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlements
might easily succeed. Having convinced himself of the certainty of the
project, he repaired to the Capital of Virginia, which place he reached on
November 5th. While he was on his way, fortunately, on October 17th,
Burgoyne had been defeated, and the spirits of the colonists greatly
encouraged thereby. Patrick Henry was Governor of Virginia, and at
once entered heartily into Clark's plans. The same plan had before been
agitated in the Colonial Assemblies, but there was no one until Clark
came who was sufficiently acquainted with the condition of affairs at the
scene of action to be able to guide them.
Clark, having satisfied the Virginia leaders of the feasibility of his
plan, received, on the 2d of January, two sets of instructions — one secret,
the other open — the latter authorized him to proceed to enlist seven
companies to go to Kentucky, subject to his orders, and to serve three
months from their arrival in the West. The secret order authorized him
to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand
at Pittsburgh, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country.
With these instructions Clark repaired to Pittsburgh, choosing rather
to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed
in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Hoi-

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oCj J^oiL&t^-tsCsiA

&C^

BONUS.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 51
ston for the same purpose, but neither succeeded in raising the required
number of men. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their
own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to
join the proposed expedition. With three companies and several private
volunteers, Clark at length commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he
navigated as far as the Falls, where he took possession of and fortified
Corn Island, a small island between the present Cities of Louisville,
Kentucky, and New Albany, Indiana. Remains of this fortification may
yet be found. At this place he appointed Col. Bowman to meet him
with such recruits as had reached Kentucky by the southern route, and
as many as could be spared from the station. Here he announced to
the men their real destination. Having completed his arrangements,
and chosen his party, he left a small garrison upon the island, and on the
24th of June, during a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured
no good, and which fixes beyond dispute the date of starting, he with
his chosen band, fell down the river. His plan was to go by water as
far as Fort Massac or Massacre, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia.
Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to
Cahokia, then to Vincennes, and lastly to Detroit. • Should he fail, he
intended to march directly to the Mississippi River and cross it into the
Spanish country. Before his start he received two good items of infor
mation : one that the alliance had been formed between France and the
United States ; and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois
country and the inhabitants, at'the various frontier posts, had been led to
believe by the British that the " Long Knives" or Virginians, were the
most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With
this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would
cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from grati
tude would become friendly if treated with unexpected leniency.
The march to Kaskaskia was accomplished through a hot July sun,
and the town reached on the evening of July 4. He captured the fort
near the village, and soon after the village itself by surprise, and without
the loss of a single man or by killing any1 of the enemy. After sufficiently
working upon the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at per
fect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the
great conflict they would, also he would protect them from any barbarity
from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect, and the inhab
itants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked
for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms, and
when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accom
panied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place.
surrendered, and gladly placed themselves under his protection. Thus

52 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
the two important posts in Illinois passed from the hands of the English
into the possession of Virginia.
In the person of the priest at Kaskaskia, M. Gibault, Clark found a
powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain possession
of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians within its boun
daries, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken.
St. Vincent, the next important post to Detroit, remained yet to be taken
before the Mississippi Valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that
he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection
with England. Clark gladly accepted his offer, and on the 14th of July,
in company with a fellow-townsman, M. Gibault started on his mission of
peace, and on the 1st of August returned with the cheerful intelligence
that the post on the " Oubache " had taken the oath of allegiance to
the Old Dominion. During this interval, Clark established his courts,
placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his
men, sent word to have a fort, which proved the germ of Louisville,
erected at the Falls of the Ohio, and dispatched Mr. Rocheblave, who
had been commander at Kaskaskia, as a prisoner of war to Richmond.
In October the County of Illinois was established by the Legislature
of Virginia, John Todd appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Civil Governor,
and in November General Clark and his men received the thanks of
the Old Dominion through their Legislature.
In a speech a few days afterward, Clark made known fully to the
natives his plans, and at its close all came forward and swore alle
giance to the Long Knives. While he was doing this Governor Hamilton,
having made his various arrangements, had left Detroit and moved down
the Wabash to Vincennes intending to operate from that point in reducing
the Illinois posts, and then proceed on down to Kentucky and drive the
rebels from the West. Gen. Clark had, on the return of M. Gibault,
dispatched Captain Helm, of Fauquier County, Virginia, with an attend-;
ant named Henry, across the Illinois prairies to command the fort.
Hamilton knew nothing of the capitulation of the post, and was greatly
surprised on his arrival to be confronted by Capt. Helm, who, standing at
the entrance of the fort by a loaded cannon ready to fire upon his assail
ants, demanded upon what terms Hamilton demanded possession of the
fort. Being granted the rights of a prisoner of war, he surrendered to
the British General, who could scarcely believe his eyes when he saw the
force in the garrison.
Hamilton, not realizing the character of the men with whom he was
contending, gave up his intended campaign for the Winter, sent his four
hundred Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio,

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 53
and to annoy the Americans in all ways, and sat quietly down to pass the
Winter. Information of all these proceedings having reached Clark, he
saw that immediate and decisive action was necessary, and that unless
he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Clark received the
news on the 29th of January, 1779, and on February 4th, having suffi
ciently garrisoned Kaskaskia and Cahokia, he sent down the Mississippi
a " battoe," as Major Bowman writes it, in order to ascend the Ohio and
Wabash, and operate with the land forces gathering for the fray.
On the next day, Clark, with his little force of one hundred and
twenty men, set out for the post, and after incredible hard marching
through much mud, the ground being thawed by the incessant spring
rains, on the 22d reached the fort, and being joined by his " battoe," at
once commenced the attack on the post. The aim of the American back
woodsman was unerring, and on the 24th the garrison surrendered to the
intrepid boldness of Clark. The French were treated with great kind
ness, and gladly renewed their allegiance to Virginia. Hamilton was
sent as a prisoner to Virginia, where he was kept in close confinement.
During his command of the British frontier posts, he had offered prizes
to the Indians for all the scalps of Americans they would bring to him,
and had earned in consequence thereof the title " Hair-buyer General,"
by which he was ever afterward known.
Detroit was now without doubt within easy reach of the enterprising
Virginian, could he but raise the necessary force. Governor Henry being
apprised of this, promised him the needed reinforcement, and Clark con
cluded to wait until he could capture and sufficiently garrison the posts.
Had Clark failed in this bold undertaking, and Hamilton succeeded in
uniting the western Indians for the next Spring's campaign, the West
would indeed have been swept from the Mississippi to the Allegheny
Mountains, and the great blow struck, which had been contemplated from
the commencement, by the British.
" But for this small army of dripping, but fearless Virginians, the
union of all the tribes from Georgia to Maine against the colonies might
have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed."
At this time some fears were entertained by the Colonial Govern
ments that the Indians in the North and Northwest were inclining to the
British, and under the instructions of Washington, now Commander-in-
Chief of the Colonial army, and so bravely fighting for American inde
pendence, armed forces were sent against the Six Nations, and upon the
Ohio frontier, Col. Bowman, acting under the same general's orders,
marched against Indians within the present limits of that State. These
expeditions were in the main successful, and the Indians were compelled
to sue for peace.

54 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
During this same year (1779) the famous " Land Laws" of Virginia
were passed. The passage of these laws was of more consequence to the
pioneers of Kentucky and the Northwest than the gaining of a few Indian
conflicts. These laws confirmed in main all grants made, and guaranteed
to all actual settlers their rights and privileges. After providing for the
settlers, the laws provided for selling the balance of the public lands at
forty cents per acre. To carry the Land Laws into effect, the Legislature
sent four Virginians westward to attend to the various claims, over many
of which great confusion prevailed concerning their validity. These
gentlemen opened their court on October 13, 1779, at St. Asaphs, and
continued until April 26, 1780, when they adjourned, having decided
three thousand claims. They were succeeded by the surveyor, who
came in the person of Mr. George May, and assumed his duties on the
10th day of the month whose name he bore. With the opening of the
next year (1780) the troubles concerning the navigation of the Missis
sippi commenced. The Spanish Government exacted such measures in
relation to its trade as to cause the overtures made to the United States
to be rejected. The American Government considered they had a right
to navigate its channel. To enforce their claims, a fort was erected below
the mouth of the Ohio on the Kentucky side of the river. The settle
ments in Kentucky were being rapidly filled by emigrants. It was dur
ing this year that the first seminary of learning was established in the
West in this young and enterprising Commonwealth.
The settlers here did not look upon the building of this fort in a
friendly manner, as it aroused the hostility of the Indians. Spain had
been friendly to the Colonies during their struggle for independence,
and though for a while this friendship appeared in danger from the
refusal of the free navigation of the river, yet it was finally settled to the
satisfaction of both nations.
The Winter of 1779-80 was one of the most unusually severe ones
ever experienced in the West. The Indians always referred to it as the
"Great Cold." Numbers of wild animals perished, and not a few
pioneers lost their lives. The following Summer a party of Canadians
and Indians attacked St. Louis, and attempted to take possession of it
in consequence of the friendly disposition of Spain to the revolting
colonies. They met with such a determined resistance on the part of the
inhabitants, even the women taking part in the battle, that they weie
compelled to abandon the contest. They also made an attack on the
settlements in Kentucky, but, becoming alarmed in some unaccountable
manner, they fled the country in great haste.
About this time arose the question in the Colonial Congress con
cerning the western lands claimed by Virginia, New York, Massachusetts

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 55
and Connecticut. The agitation concerning this subject finally led New
York, on the 19th of February, 1780, to pass a law giving to the dele
gates of that State in Congress the power to cede her western lands for
the benefit of the United Stat®3. This law was laid before Congress
during the next month, but no steps were taken concerning it until Sep
tember 6th, when a resolution passed that body calling upon the States
claiming western lands to release their claims in favor of the whole body.
This basis formed the union, and was the first after all of those legislative
measures which resulted in the creation of the States of Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. In December of the same
year, the plan of conquering Detroit again arose. The conquest might
have easily been effected by Clark had the necessary aid been furnished
him. Nothing decisive was done, yet the heads of the Government knew
that the safety of the Northwest from British invasion lay in the capture
and retention of that important post, the only unconquered one in the
territory. Before the close of the year, Kentucky was divided into the Coun
ties of Lincoln, Fayette and Jefferson, and the act establishing the Town
of Louisville was passed. This same year is also noted in the annals of
American history as the year in which occurred Arnold's treason to the
United States.
Virginia, in accordance with the resolution of Congress, on the 2d
day of January, 1781, agreed to yield her western lands to the United
States upon certain conditions, which Congress would not accede to, and
the Act of Cession, on the ]Jtort of the Old Dominion, failed, nor was
anything farther done until 1783. During all that time the Colonies
were busily engaged in the struggle with the mother country, and in
consequence thereof but little heed was given to the western settlements.
Upon the 16th of April, 1781, the first birth north of the Ohio River of
American parentage occurred, being that of Mary Heckewelder, daughter
of the widely known Moravian missionary, whose band of Christian
Indians suffered in after years a horrible massacre by the hands of the
frontier settlers, who had been exasperated by the murder of several of
their neighbors, and in their rage committed, without regard to humanity,
a deed which forever afterwards cast a shade of shame upon their lives.
For this and kindred outrages on the part of the whites, the Indians
committed many deeds of cruelty which darken the years of 1771 and
1772 in the history of the Northwest.
During the year 1782 a number of battles among the Indians and
frontiersmen occurred, and between the Moravian Indians and the Wyan
dots. In these, horrible acts of cruelty were practised on the captives,
manv of such dark deeds transpiring under the leadership of the notorious

56

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

frontier outlaw, Simon Girty, whose name, as well as those of his brothers,
was a terror to women and children. These occurred chiefly in the Ohio
valleys.. Cotemporary with them were several engagements in Kentucky,
in which the famous Daniel Boone engaged, and who, often by his skill
and knowledge of Indian warfare, saved the outposts from cruel destruc-

IPJfl

ues-z- .

INDIANS ATTACKING FKONT1EKSMEN.

tion. By the close of the year victory had perched upon the American
banner, and on the 30th of November, provisional articles of peace had
been arranged between the Commissioners of England and her uncon
querable colonies. Cornwallis had been defeated on the 19th of October
preceding, and the liberty of America was assured. On the 19th of
April following, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, peace was

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 57
proclaimed to, the army of the United States, and on the 3d of the next
September, the definite treaty which ended our revolutionary struggle
was concluded. By the terms of that treaty, the boundaries of the West
were as follows : On the north the line was to extend along the center of
the Great Lakes ; from the western point of Lake Superior to Long Lake ;
thence to the Lake of the Woods ; thence to the head of the Mississippi
River ; down its center to the 31st parallel of latitude, then on that line
east to the head of the Appalachicola River ; down its center to its junc
tion with the Flint ; thence straight to the head of St. Mary's River, and
thence down along its center to the Atlantic Ocean.
Following the cessation of hostilities with England, several posts
were still occupied by the British in the North and West. Among these
was Detroit, still in the hands of the enemy. Numerous engagements
with the Indians throughout Ohio and Indiana occurred, upon whose
lands adventurous whites would settle ere the title had been acquired by
the proper treaty.
To remedy this latter evil, Congress appointed commissioners to
treat with the natives and purchase their lands, and prohibited the set
tlement of the territory until this could be done. Before the close of the
year another attempt was made to capture Detroit, which was, however,
not pushed, and Virginia, no longer feeling the interest in the Northwest
she had formerly done, withdrew her troops, having on the 20th of
December preceding authorized the whole of her. possessions to be deeded
to the United States. This was done on the 1st of March following, and
the Northwest Territory passed from the control of the Old Dominion.
To Gen. Clark and his soldiers, however, she gave a tract of one hundred
and fifty thousand acres of land, to be situated any where north of the
Ohio wherever they chose to locate them. They selected the region
opposite the falls of the Ohio, where is now the dilapidated village of
Clarksville, about midway between the Cities of New Albany and Jeffer-
sonville, Indiana.
While the frontier remained thus, and Gen. Haldimand at Detroit
Tefused to evacuate alleging that he had no orders from his King to do
so, settlers were rapidly gathering about the inland forts. In the Spring
of 1784, Pittsburgh was regularly laid out, and from the journal of Arthur
Lee, who passed through the town soon after on his way to the Indian
council at Fort Mcintosh, we suppose it was not very prepossessing in
appearance. He says :
" Pittsburgh is inhabited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who
live in paltry log houses, and are as dirty as if in the north of Ireland or
even Scotland. There is a great deal of trade carried on, the goods being
bought at the vast expense of forty-five shillings per pound from Phila-

58 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
delphia and Baltimore. They take in the shops flour, wheat, skins and
money. There are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a
priest of any persuasion, nor church nor chapel."
Kentucky at this time contained thirty thousand inhabitants, and
was beginning to discuss measures for a separation from Virginia. A
land office was opened at Louisville, and measures were adopted to take
defensive precaution against the Indians who were yet, in some instances,
incited to deeds of violence by the British. Before the close of this year,
1784, the military claimants of land began to occupy them, although no
entries were recorded until 1787.
The Indian title to the Northwest was not yet extinguished. They
held large tracts of lands, and in order to prevent bloodshed Congress
adopted means for treaties with the original owners and provided for the
surveys of the lands gained thereby, as well as for those north of the
Ohio, now in its possession. On January 31, 1786, a treaty was made
with the Wabash Indians. The treaty of Fort Stanwix had been made
in 1784. That at Fort Mcintosh in 1785, and through these much land
was gained. The Wabash Indians, however, afterward refused to comply
with the provisions of the treaty made with them, and in order to compel
their adherence to its provisions, force was used. During the year 1786,
the free navigation of the Mississippi came up in Congress, and caused
various discussions, which resulted in no definite action, only serving to
excite speculation in regard to the western lands. Congress had promised
bounties of land to the soldiers of the Revolution, but owing to the
unsettled condition of affairs along the Mississippi respecting its naviga
tion, and the trade of the Northwest, that body had, in 1783, declared
its inability to fulfill these promises until a treaty could be concluded
between the two Governments. Before the close of the year 1786, how
ever, it was able, through the treaties with the Indians, to allow some
grants and the settlement thereon, and on the 14th of September Con
necticut ceded to the General Government the tract of land known as
the " Connecticut Reserve," and before the close of the following year a
large tract of land north of the Ohio was sold to a company, who at once
took measures to settle it. By the provisions of this grant, the company
were to pay the United States one dollar per acre, subject to a deduction
of one-third for bad lands and other contingencies. They received
750,000 acres, bounded on the south by the Ohio, on the east by the
seventh range of townships, on the west by the sixteenth range, and on
the north by a line so drawn as to make the grant complete without
the reservations. In addition to this, Congress afterward granted 100,000
acres to actual settlers, and 214,285 acres as army bounties under the
resolutions of 1789 and 1790.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

69

While Dr. Cutler, one of the agents of the company, was pressing
its claims before Congress, that body was bringing into form an ordinance
for the political and social organization of this Territory. When the
cession was made by Virginia, in 1784, a plan was offered, but rejected.
A. motion had been made to strike from the proposed plan tbe prohibition
of slavery, which prevailed. The plan was then discussed and altered,
and finally passed unanimously, with the exception of South Carolina.
By this, proposition, the Territory was to have been divided into states

A PRAIRIE STORM.

by parallels and meridian lines. This, it was thought, would make ten
states, which were to have been named as follows — beginning at the
northwest corner and going southwardly : Sylvania, Michigania, Cher-
sonesus, Assenisipia, Metropotamia, Illenoia, Saratoga, Washington, Poly-
potamia and Pelisipia.
There was a more serious objection to this plan than its category of
names, — the boundaries. The root of the difficulty was in the resolu
tion of Congress passed in October, 1780, which fixed the boundaries
of the ceded lands to be from one hundred to one hundred and fifty miles

60 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
square. These resolutions being presented to the Legislatures of Vir
ginia and Massachusetts, they desired a change, and in July, 1786, the
subject was taken up in Congress, and changed to favor a division into
not more than five states, and not less than three. This was approved by
the State Legislature of Virginia. The subject of the Government was
again taken up by Congress in 1786, and discussed throughout that year
and until July, 1787, when the famous "Compact of 1787" was passed,
and the foundation of the government of the Northwest laid. This com
pact is fully discussed and explained in the history of Illinois in this book,
and to it the reader is referred.
The passage of this act and the grant to the New England Company
was soon followed by an application to the Government by John Cleves
Symmes, of New Jersey, for a grant of the land between the Miamis. .
This gentleman had visited these lands soon after the treaty of 1786, and, '
being greatly pleased with them, offered similar terms to those given to the
New England Company. The petition was referred to the Treasury
Board with power to act, and a contract was concluded the following
year. During the Autumn the directors of the New England Company
were preparing to occupy their grant the following Spring, and upon the
23d of November made arrangements for a party of forty-seven men,
under the superintendency of Gen. Rufus Putnam, to set forward. Six
boat-builders were to leave at once, and on the first of January the sur
veyors and their assistants, twenty-six in number, were to meet at Hart
ford and proceed on their journey westward ; the remainder to follow as
soon as possible. Congress, in the meantime, upon the 3d of October,
had ordered seven hundred troops for defense of the western settlers, andk
to prevent unauthorized intrusions ; and two days later appointed Arthur^
St. Clair "Governor of the Territory of the Northwest.
AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS.
The civil organization of the Northwest Territory was now com
plete, and notwithstanding the uncertainty of Indian affairs, settlers from
the East began to come into the country rapidly. The New England
Company sent their men during the Winter of 1787-8 pressing on over
the AUeghenies by the old Indian path which had been opened into
Braddock's road, and which has since been made a national turnpike
from Cumberland westward. Through the weary winter days they toiled
on, and by April were all gathered on the Yohiogany, where boats had
been built, and at once started for the Muskingum. Here they arrived
on the 7th of that month, and unless the Moravian missionaries be regarded
as the pioneers of Ohio, this little band can justly claim that honor.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

61

Gen. St. Clair, the appointed Governor of the Northwest, not having
yet arrived, a set of laws were passed, written out, and published by
being nailed to a tree in the embryo town, and Jonathan Meigs appointed
to administer them.
Washington in writing of this, the first American settlement in the
Northwest, said : " No colony in America was ever settled under
such favorable auspices as that which has just commenced at Muskingum.
Information, property and strength will be its characteristics. I know
many of its settlers personally, and there never were men better calcu
lated to promote the welfare of such a community."

A PIONEER DWELLING.

On the 2d of July a meeting of the directors and agents was held
on the banks of the Muskingum, " for the purpose of naming the new
born city and its squares." As yet the settlement was known as the
"Muskingum," but that was now changed to the name Marietta, in honor
of Marie Antoinette. The square upon which the block - houses stood
was called " Campus Martins ;" square number 19, "Capita-Hum;" square
number 61, "Cecilia;" and the great road through the covert way, " Sacra
Via." Two days after, an oration was delivered by James M. Varnum,
who with S. H. Parsons and John Armstrong had been appointed to the
judicial bench of the territory on the 16th of October, 1787. On July 9,
Gov. St. Clair arrived, and the colony began to assume form. The act
of 1787 provided two district grades of government for the Northwest,

62

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

under the first of which the whole power was invested in the hands of a
governor and three district judges. This was immediately formed upon
the Governor's arrival, and the first laws of the colony passed on the 25th
of July. These provided for the organization of the militia, and on the
next day appeared the Governor's proclamation, erecting all that country
that had been ceded by the Indians east of the Scioto River into the
County of Washington. From that time forward, notwithstanding the
doubts yet existing as to the Indians, all Marietta prospered, and on the
2d of September the first court of the territory was held with imposing
ceremonies. The emigration westward at this time was very great. The com
mander at Fort Harmer, at the mouth of the Muskingum, reported four
thousand five hundred persons as having passed that post between Feb
ruary and June, 1788 — many of whom would have purchased of the
"Associates," as the New England Company was called, had they been
ready to receive them.
On the 26th of November, 1787, Symmes issued a pamphlet stating
the terms of his contract and the plan of sale he intended to adopt. In
January, 1788, Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, took an active interest
in Symmes' purchase, and located among other tracts the sections upon
which Cincinnati has been built. Retaining one-third of this locality, he
sold the other two-thirds to Robert Patterson and John Filson, and the
thr.ee, about August, commenced to lay out a town on the spot, which
was designated as being opposite Licking River, to the mouth of which
they proposed to have a road cut from Lexington. The naming of the
town is thus narrated in the "Western Annals " : — " Mr. Filson, who had
been a schoolmaster, was appointed to name the town, and, in respect to
its situation, and as if with a prophetic perception of the mixed race that
were to inhabit it in after days, he named it Losantiville, which, being
interpreted, means : ville, the town ; anti, against or opposite to ; os, the
mouth ; L. of Licking."
Meanwhile, in July, Symmes got thirty persons and eight four-horse
teams under way for the West. These reached Limestone (now Mays
ville) in September, where were several persons from Redstone. Here
Mr. Symmes tried to found a settlement, but the great freshet of 1789
caused the " Point," as it was and is yet called, to be fifteen feet under
water, and the settlement to be abandoned. The little band of settlers
removed to the mouth of the Miami." Before Symmes and his colony left
the " Point," two settlements had been made on his purchase. The first
was by Mr. Stiltes, the original projector of the whole plan, who, with a
colony of Redstone people, had located at the mouth of the Miami,
whither Symmes went with his Maysville colony. Here a clearing had

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

63

been made by the Indians owing to the great fertility of the soil. Mr.
Stiltes with his colony came to this place on the 18th of November, 1788,
with twenty-six persons, and, building a block-house, prepared to remain
through the Winter. They named the settlement Columbia. Here they
were kindly treated by the Indians, but suffered greatly from the flood
of 1789. On the 4th of March, 1789, the Constitution of the United States
went into operation, and on April 30, George Washington was inaug
urated President of the American people, and during the next Summer,
an Indian war was commenced by the tribes north of the Ohio. The
President at first used pacific means ; but these failing, he sent General .
Harmer against the hostile tribes. He destroyed several villages, but

BREAKING PRAIRIE.

was defeated in two battles, near the present City of Fort Wayne,
Indiana. From this time till the close of 1795, the principal events were
the wars with the various Indian tribes. In 1796, General St. Clair
was appointed in command, and marched against the Indians; but while
he was encamped on a stream, the St. Mary, a branch of the Maumee,
he was attacked and defeated with the loss of six hundred men.
General Wayne was now sent against the savages. In August, 1794,
he met them near the rapids of the Maumee, and gained a complete
victory. This success, followed by vigorous measures, compelled the
Indians to sue for peace, and on the 30th of July, the following year, the
treaty of Greenville was signed by the principal chiefs, by which a large
tract of country was ceded to the United States.
Before proceeding in our narrative, we will pause to notice Fort
Washington, erected in the early part of this war on the site of Cincinnati.
Nearly all of the great cities of the Northwest, and indeed of the

64 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
whole country, have had their nuclei in those rude pioneer structures,
known as forts or stockades. Thus Forts Dearborn, Washington, Pon
chartrain, mark the original sites of the now proud Cities of Chicago,
Cincinnati and Detroit. So of most of the flourishing cities east and west
of the Mississippi. Fort Washington, erected by Doughty in 1790, was a
rude but highly interesting structure. It was composed of a number of
strongly-built hewed log cabins. Those designed for soldiers' barracks
were a story and a half high, while those composing the officers quarters
were more imposing and more conveniently arranged and furnished.
The whole were so placed as to form a hollow square, enclosing about an
acre of ground, with a block house at each of the four angles.
The logs for the construction of this fort were cut from the ground
upon which it was erected. It stood between Third and Fourth Streets
of the present city (Cincinnati) extending east of Eastern Row, now
Broadway, which was then a narrow alley, and the eastern boundary of
of the town as it was originally laid out. On the bank of the river,
immediately in front of the fort, was an appendage of the fort, called the
Artificer's Yard. It contained about two acres of ground, enclosed by
small contiguous buildings, occupied by workshops and quarters of
laborers. Within this enclosure there was a large two-story frame house,
familiarly called the " Yellow House," built for the accommodation of
the Quartermaster General. For many years this was the best finished
and most commodious edifice in the Queen City. Fort Washington was
for some time the headquarters of both the civil and military governments
of the Northwestern Territory.
Following the consummation of the treaty various gigantic land spec
ulations were entered into by different persons, who hoped to obtain
from the Indians in Michigan and northern Indiana, large tracts of lands.
These were generally discovered in time to prevent the outrageous
schemes from being carried out, and from involving the settlers in war.
On October 27, 1795, the treaty between the United States and Spain
was signed, whereby the free navigation of the Mississippi was secured.
No sooner had the treaty of 1795 been ratified than settlements began
to pour rapidly into the West. The great event of the year 1796 was the
occupation of that part of the Northwest including Michigan, which was
this year, under the provisions of the treaty, evacuated by the British
forces. The United States, owing to certain conditions, did not feel
justified in addressing the authorities in Canada in relation to Detroit
and other frontier posts. When at last the British authorities were
called to give them up, they at once complied, and General Wayne, who
had done so much to preserve the frontier settlements, and who, before
the year's close, sickened and died near Erie, transferred his head-

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 65
quarters to the neighborhood of the lakes, where a county named after
him was formed, which included the northwest of Ohio, all of Michigan,
and the northeast of Indiana. During this same year settlements were
formed at the present City of Chillicothe, along the Miami from Middle-
town to Piqua, while in the more distant West, settlers and speculators
began to appear in great numbers. In September, the City of Cleveland
was laid out, and during the Summer and Autumn, Samuel Jackson and
Jonathan Sharpless erected the first manufactory of paper — the " Red
stone Paper Mill" — in the West. St. Louis contained some seventy
houses, and Detroit over three hundred, and along the river, contiguous
to it, were more than three thousand inhabitants, mostly French Canadians,
Indians and half-breeds, scarcely any Americans venturing yet into that
part of the Northwest.
The election of representatives for the territory had taken place,
and on the 4th of February, 1799, they convened at Losantiville — now
known as Cincinnati, having been named so by Gov. St. Clair, and
considered the capital of the Territory — to nominate persons from whom
the members of the Legislature were to be chosen in accordance with
a previous ordinance. This nomination being made, the Assembly
adjourned until the 16th of the following September. From those named
the President selected as members of the council, Henry Vandenburg,
of Vincennes, Robert Oliver, of Marietta, James Findlay and Jacob
Burnett, of Cincinnati, and David Vance, of Vanceville. On the 16th
of September the Territorial Legislature met, and on the 24th 'the two
houses were duly organized, Henry Vandenburg being elected President
ofthe Council.
The message of Gov. St. Clair was addressed to the Legislature
September 20th, and on October 13th that body elected as a delegate to
Congress Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, who received eleven of the votes
cast, being a majority of one oyer his opponent, Arthur St. Clair, son of
Gen. St. Clair.
The whole number of acts passed at this session, and approved by
the Governor, were thirty-seven — eleven others were passed, but received
his veto. The most important of those passed related to the militia, to
the administration, and to taxation. On the 19th of December this pro
tracted session of the first Legislature in the West was closed, and on the
30th of December the President nominated Charles Willing Bryd to the
office of Secretary of the Territory vice Wm. Henry Harrison, elected to
Congress. The Senate confirmed his nomination the next day.

66 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

DIVISION OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
The increased emigration to the Northwest, the extent of the domain,
and the inconvenient modes of travel, made it very difficult to conduct
the ordinary operations of government, and rendered the efficient action
of courts almost impossible. To remedy this, it was deemed advisable to
divide the territory for civil purposes. Congress, in 1800, appointed a
committee to examine the question and report some means for its solution.
This committee, on the 3d of March, reported. that :
" In the three western countries there has been but one court having
cognizance of crimes, in five years, and the immunity which offenders
experience attracts, as to an asylum, the most vile and abandoned crim
inals, and at the same time deters useful citizens from making settlements
in such society. The extreme necessity of judiciary attention and assist
ance is experienced in civil as well as in criminal cases. * * * * To
minister a remedy to these and other evils, it occurs to this committee
that it is expedient that a division of said territory into two distinct and
separate governments should be made ; and that such division be made
by a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami River, running
directly north until it intersects the boundary between the United States
and Canada."
The report was accepted by Congress, and, in accordance with its
suggestions, that body passed an Act extinguishing the Northwest Terri
tory, which Act was approved May 7. Among its provisions were these :
" That from and after July 4 next, all that part of the Territory of
the United States northwest of the Ohio River, which lies to the westward
of a line beginning at a point on the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the
Kentucky River, and running thence to Fort Recovery, and thence north
until it shall intersect the territorial line between the United States and
Canada, shall, for the purpose of temporary government, constitute a
separate territory, and be called the Indiana Territory."
After providing for the exercise of the ci%il and criminal powers of
the territories, and other provisions, the Act further provides:
" That until it shall otherwise be ordered by the Legislatures of the
said Territories, respectively, Chillicothe on the Scioto River shall be the
seat of government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the
Ohio River ; and that St. Vincennes on the Wabash River shall be the
seat of government for the Indiana Territory."
Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed Governor of the Indiana
Territory, and entered upon his duties about a year later. Connecticut
also about this time released her claims to the reserve, and in March a law

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 67
was passed accepting this cession. Settlements had been made upon
thirty-five of the townships in the reserve, mills had been built, and seven
hundred miles of road cut in various directions. On the 3d of November
the General Assembly met at Chillicothe. Near the close of the year,
the first missionary of the Connecticut Reserve came, who found no
township containing more than eleven families. It was upon the first of
October that the secret treaty had been made between Napoleon and the
King of Spain, whereby the latter agreed to cede to France the province
of Louisiana. In January, 1802, the Assembly of the Northwestern Territory char
tered the college at Athens. From the earliest dawn of the western
colonies, education was promptly provided for, and as early as 1787,
newspapers were issued from Pittsburgh and Kentucky, and largely read
throughout the frontier settlements. Before the close of this year, the
Congress of the United States granted to the citizens of the Northwestern
territory the formation of a State government. One of the provisions of
the "compact of 1787" provided that whenever the number of inhabit
ants within prescribed limits exceeded 45,000, they should be entitled to
a separate government. The prescribed limits of Ohio contained, from a
census taken to ascertain the legality of the act, more than that number,
and on the 30th of April, 1802, Congress passed the act defining its limits,
and on the 29th of November the Constitution of the new State of Ohio,
so named from the beautiful river forming its southern boundary, came
into existence. The exact limits of Lake Michigan were not then known,
but the territory now included within the State of Michigan was wholly
within the territory of Indiana.
Gen. Harrison, while residing at Vincennes, made several treaties
with the Indians, thereby gaining large tracts of lands. The next year is
memorable in the history of the West for the purchase of Louisiana from
France by the United States for $15,000,000. Thus by a peaceful mode,
the domain of the United States was extended over a large tract of
country west of the Mississippi, and was for a time under the jurisdiction
of the Northwest government, and, as has been mentioned in the early
part of this narrative, was called the "New Northwest." The limits
of this history will not allow a description of its territory. The same year
large grants of land were obtained from the Indians, and the House of
Representatives of the new State of Ohio signed a bill respecting the
College Township in the. district of Cincinnati.
Before the close of the year, Gen. Harrison obtained additional
grants of lands from the various Indian nations in Indiana and the present
limits of Illinois, and on the 18th of August, 1804, completed a treaty at
St. Louis, whereby over 51,000,000 acres of lands were obtained from the

68 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
aborigines. Measures were also taken to learn the condition of affairs in
and about Detroit.
C. Jouett, the Indian agent in Michigan, still a part of Indiana Terri
tory, reported as follows upon the condition of matters at that post :
"The Town of Detroit. — The charter, which is for fifteen miles
square, was granted in the time of Louis XIV. of France, and is now,
from the best information I have been able to get, at Quebec. Of those
two hundred and twenty-five acres, only four are occupied by the town
and Fort Lenault. The remainder is a common, except twenty-four
acres, which were added twenty years ago to a farm belonging to Wm.
Macomb. * * * A stockade incloses the town, fort and citadel. The
pickets, as well as the public houses, are in a state of gradual decay. The
streets are narrow, straight and regular, and intersect each other at right
angles. The houses are, for the most part, low and inelegant."
During this year, Congress granted a township of land for the sup
port of a college, and began to offer inducements for settlers in these
wilds, and the country now comprising the State of Michigan began to
fill rapidly with settlers along its southern borders. This same year, also,
a law was passed organizing the Southwest Territory, dividing it into two
portions, the Territory of New Orleans, which city was made the seat of
government, and the District of Louisiana, which was annexed to the
domain of Gen. Harrison.
On the 11th of January, 1805, the Territory of Michigan was formed,
Wm. Hull was appointed governor, with headquarters at Detroit, the
change to take effect on June 30. On the 11th of that month, a fire
occurred at Detroit, which destroyed almost every building in the place.
When the officers of the new territory reached the post, they found it in
ruins, and the inhabitants scattered throughout the country. Rebuild
ing, however, soon commenced, and ere long the town contained more
houses than before the fire, and many of them much better built.
While this was being done, Indiana had passed to the second grade
of government, and through her General Assembly had obtained large
tracts of land from the Indian tribes. To all this the celebrated Indian,
Tecumthe or Tecumseh, vigorously protested, and it was the main cause
of his attempts to unite the various Indian tribes in a conflict with the
settlers. To obtain a full account of these attempts, the workings of the
British, and the signal failure, culminating in the death of Tecumseh at
the battle of the Thames, and the close of the war of 1812 in the Northwest,
we will step aside in our story, and relate the principal events of his life,
and his connection with this conflict.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

69

¦ 1 m .s'-^m

TECUMSEH, THE SHAWANOE CHIEFTAIN.

TO THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

TECUMSEH, AND THE WAR OF 1812.
This famous Indian chief was born about the year 1768, not far from
the site of the present City of Piqua, Ohio. His father, Puckeshinwa,
was a member of the Kisopok tribe of the Swanoese nation, and his
mother, Methontaske, was a member of the Turtle tribe of the same
people. They removed from Florida about the middle of thelast century
to the birthplace of Tecumseh. In 1774, his father, who had risen to be
chief, was slain at the battle of Point Pleasant, and not long after Tecum
seh, by his bravery, became the leader of his tribe. In 1795 he was
declared chief, and then lived at Deer Creek, near the site of the
present City of Urbana. He remained here about one year, when he
returned to Piqua, and in 1798, he went to White River, Indiana. In
1805, he and his brother, Laulewasikan (Open Door), who had announced
himself as a prophet, went to a tract of land on the Wabash River, given
them by the Pottawatomies and Kickapoos. From this date the chief
comes into prominence. He was now about thirty-seven years of age,
was five feet and ten inches in height, was stoutly built, and possessed of
enormous powers of endurance. His countenance was naturally pleas
ing, and he was, in general, devoid of those savage attributes possessed
by most Indians. It is stated he could read and write, and had a confi
dential secretary and adviser, named Billy Caldwell, a half-breed, who
afterward became chief of the Pottawatomies. He occupied the first
house built on the site of Chicago. At this time, Tecumseh entered
upon the great work of his life. He had long objected to the grants of
land made by the Indians to the whites, and determined to unite all the
Indian tribes into a league, in order that no treaties or grants of land
could be made save by the consent of this confederation.
He traveled constantly, going from north to south ; from the south
to the north, everywhere urging the Indians to this step. He was a
matchless orator, and his burning words had their effect.
Gen. Harrison, then Governor of Indiana, by watching the move
ments of the Indians, became convinced that a grand conspiracy was
forming, and made preparations to defend the settlements. Tecumseh's
plan was similar to Pontiac's, elsewhere described, and to the cunning
artifice of that chieftain was added his own sagacity.
During the year 1809, Tecumseh and the prophet were actively pre
paring for the work. In that year, Gen. Harrison entered into a treaty
with the Delawares, Kickapoos, Pottawatomies, Miamis, Eel River Indians
and Weas, in which these tribes ceded to the whites certain lands upon
the Wabash, to all of which Tecumseh entered a bitter protest, averring

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 71
as one principal reason that he did not want the Indians to give up any
lands north and west of the Ohio River.
Tecumseh, in August, 1810, visited the General at Vincennes and
held a council relating to the grievances of the Indians. Becoming unduly
angry at this conference he was dismissed from the village, and soon after
departed to incite the southern Indian tribes to the conflict. *
Gen. Harrison determined to move upon the chief's headquarters at
Tippecanoe, and for this purpose went about sixty-five miles up the
Wabash, where he built Fort Harrison. From this place he went to the
prophet's town, where he informed the Indians he had no hostile inten
tions, provided they were true to the existing treaties. He encamped
near the village early in October, and on the morning of November 7, he '
was attacked by a large force of the Indians, and the famous battle of
Tippecanoe occurred. The Indians were routed and their town broken
up. Tecumseh returning not long after, was greatly exasperated at his
brother, the prophet, even threatening to kill him for rashly precipitating
the war, and foiling his (Tecumseh's) plans.
Tecumseh sent word to Gen. Harrison that he was now returned
from the South, and was ready to visit the President as had at one time
previously been proposed. Gen. Harrison informed him he could not go
as a chief, which method Tecumseh desired, and the visit was never
made. In June of the following year, he visited the Indian agent at
Fort Wayne. Here he disavowed any intention to make a war against
the United States, and reproached Gen. Harrison for marching against his
people. The agent replied to this ; Tecumseh listened with a cold indif
ference, and after making a few general remarks, with a haughty air drew
his blanket about him, left the council house, and departed for Fort Mai
den, in Upper Canada, where he joined the British standard.
He remained under this Government, doing effective work for the
Crown while engaged in the war of 1812 which now opened. He was,
however, always humane in his treatment of the prisoners, never allow
ing his warriors to ruthlessly mutilate the bodies of those slain, or wan
tonly murder the captive.
In the Summer of 1813, Perry's victory on Lake Erie occurred, and
shortly after active preparations were made to capture Maiden. On the
27th of September, the American army, under Gen. Harrison, set sail for
the shores of Canada, and in a few hours stood around the ruins of Mai
den, from which the British army, under Proctor, had retreated to Sand
wich, intending to make its way to the heart of Canada by the Valley of
the Thames. On the 29th Gen. Harrison was at Sandwich, and Gen. -
McArthur took possession of Detroit and the territory of Michigan.

72

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

On the 2d of October, the Americans began their pursuit of Proctor,
whom they overtook on the 5th, and the battle of the Thames followed.
Early in the engagement, Tecumseh who was at the head of the column
of Indians was slain, and they, no longer hearing the voice of their chief
tain, fled. The victory was decisive, and practically closed the war in
the Northwest.

INDIANS ATTACKING A STOCKADE.

Just who killed the great chief has been a matter of much dispute ;
but the weight of opinion awards the act to Col. Richard M. Johnson,
who fired at him with a pistol, the shot proving fatal.
In 1805 occurred Burr's Insurrection. He took possession of a
beautiful island in the Ohio, after the killing of Hamilton, and is charged
by many with attempting to set up an independent government. His
plans were frustrated by the general government, his property confiscated
and he was compelled to flee the country for safety.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 73
In January, 1807, Governor Hull, of Michigan Territory, made a
treaty with the Indians, whereby all that peninsula was ceded to the
United States. Before the close of the year, a stockade was built about
Detroit. It was also during this year that Indiana and Illinois endeavored
to obtain the repeal of that section of the compact of 1787, whereby
slavery was excluded from the Northwest Territory. These attempts,
however, all signally failed.
In 1809 it was deemed advisable to divide the Indiana Territory.
This was done, and the Territory of Illinois was formed from the western
part, the seat of government being fixed at Kaskaskia. The next year,
the intentions of Tecumseh manifested themselves in open hostilities, and
then began the events already narrated.
While this war was in progres's, emigration to the West went dn with
surprising rapidity. In 1811, under Mr. Roosevelt of New York, the
first steamboat trip was made on the Ohio, much to the astonishment of
the natives, many of whom fled in terror at the appearance of the
" monster." It arrived at Louisville on the 10th day of October. At the
close of the first week of January, 1812, it arrived at Natchez, after being
nearly overwhelmed in the great earthquake which occurred while on its
downward trip.
The battle of the Thames was fought on October 6, 1813. It
effectually closed hostilities in the Northwest, although peace was not
fully restored until July 22, 1814, when a treaty was formed at Green
ville, under the direction of General Harrison, between the United States
and the Indian tribes, in which it was stipulated that the Indians should
cease hostilities against the Americans if the war were continued. Such,
happily, was not the case, and on the -24th of December the treaty
of Ghent was signed by the representatives of England and the United
States. This treaty was followed the next year by treaties with various
.Indian tribes throughout the West and Northwest, and quiet was again
restored in this part of the new world.
On the 18th of March, 1816, Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city.
It then had a population of 8,000 people, and was already noted for its
manufacturing interests. On April 19, Indiana Territory was allowed
to form a state government. At that time there were thirteen counties
organized, containing about sixty-three thousand inhabitants. The first
election of state officers was held in August, when Jonathan Jennings
was chosen Governor. The officers were sworn in on November 7, and
on December 11, the State was formally admitted into the Union. For
some time the seat of government was at Corydon, but a more central
location being desirable, the present capital, Indianapolis (City of Indiana),
was laid out January 1, 1825. ,

74' - THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
On the 28th of December the Bank of Illinois, at Shawneetown, was
chartered, with a capital of $300,000. At this period all banks were
under the control of the States, and were allowed to establish branches
at different convenient points.
Until this time Chillicothe and Cincinnati had in turn enjoyed the
privileges of being the capital of Ohio. But the rapid settlement of the
northern and eastern portions of the State demanded, as in Indiana, a
more central location, and before the close of the year, the site of Col
umbus was selected and surveyed as the future capital of the State.
Banking had begun in Ohio as early as 1808, when the first bank was
chartered at Marietta, but here as elsewhere it did not bring to the state
the hoped-for assistance. It and other banks were subsequently unable
to redeem their currency, and were obliged to suspend.
In 1818, Illinois was made a state, and all the territory north of her
northern limits was erected into a separate territory and joined to Mich
igan for judicial purposes. By the following year, navigation of the lakes
was increasing with great rapidity and affording an immense source of
revenue to the dwellers in the Northwest, but it was not until 1826 that
the trade was extended to Lake Michigan, or that steamships began to
navigate the bosom of that inland sea.
Until the year 1832, the commencement of the Black Hawk War,
but few hostilities were experienced with the Indians. Roads were
opened, canals were dug, cities were built, common schools were estab
lished, universities were founded, many of which, especially the Michigan
University, have achieved a world wide-reputation. The people were
becoming wealthy. The domains of the United States had been extended,
and had the sons of the forest been treated with honesty and justice, the
record of many years would have been that of peace and continuous pros
perity.
BLACK HAWK AND THE BLACK HAWK WAR.
This conflict, though confined to Illinois, is an important epoch in
the Northwestern history, being the last war with the Indians in this part
of the United States.
Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiah, or Black Hawk, was born in the principal
Sac village, about three miles from the junction of Rock River with the
Mississippi, in the year 1767. His father's name was Py-e-sa or Pahaes ;
his grandfather's, Na-na-ma-kee, or the Thunderer. Black Hawk early
distinguished himself as a warrior, and at the age of fifteen was permitted
to paint and was ranked among the braves. About the year 1783, he
went on an expedition against the enemies of his nation, the Osages, one

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

75

wsmr

BLACK HAWK, THE SAC CHIEFTAIN.

76 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
of whom he killed and scalped, and for this deed of Indian bravery he was
permitted to join in the scalp dance. Three or four years after he, at the
head of two hundred braves, went on another expedition against the
Osages, to avenge the murder of some women and children belonging to
his own tribe. Meeting an equal number of Osage warriors, a fierce
battle ensued, in which the latter tribe lost one-half their number. The
Sacs lost only about nineteen warriors. He next attacked the Cherokees
for a similar cause. In a severe battle with them, near the present City
of St. Louis, his father was slain, and Black Hawk, taking possession of
the " Medicine Bag," at once announced himself chief of the Sac nation.
He had now conquered the Cherokees, and about the year 1800, at the
head of five hundred Sacs and Foxes, and a hundred lowas, he waged
war against the Osage nation and subdued it. For two years he battled
successfully with other Indian tribes, all of whom he conquered.
Black Hawk does not at any time seem to have been friendly to
the Americans. When on a visit to St. Louis to see his " Spanish
Father," he declined to see any of the Americans, alleging, as a reason,
he did not want two fathers.
The treaty at St. Louis was consummated in 1804. The next year the
United States Government erected a fort near the head of the Des Moines
Rapids, called Fort Edwards. This seemed to enrage Black Hawk, who
at once determined to capture Fort Madison, standing on the west side of
the Mississippi above the mouth of the Des Moines River. The fort was
garrisoned by about fifty men. Here he was defeated. The difficulties
with the British Government arose about this time, and the War of 1812
followed. That government, extending aid to the Western Indians, by
giving them arms and ammunition, induced them to remain hostile to the
Americans. In August, 1812, Black Hawk, at the head of about five
hundred braves, started to join the British forces at Detroit, passing on
his way the site of Chicago, where the famous Fort Dearborn Massacre
had a few days before occurred. Of his connection with the British
Government but little is known. In 1813 he with his little band descended
the Mississippi, and attacking some United States troops at Fort- Howard
was defeated. In the early part of 1815, the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi
were notified that peace had been declared between the United States
and England, and nearly all hostilities had ceased. Black Hawk did not
sign any treaty, however, until May' of the following year. He then recog
nized the validity of the treaty at St. Louis in 1804. From the time of
signing this treaty in 1816, until the breaking out of the war in 1832, he
and his band passed their time in the common pursuits of Indian life.
Ten years before the commencement of this war, the Sac and Fox

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 77
Indians were urged to join the lowas on the west bank of the Father of
Waters. All were agreed, save the band known as the British Band, of
which Black Hawk was leader. He strenuously objected to the removal,
and was induced to comply only after being threatened with the power of
the Government. This and various actions on the part of the white set
tlers provoked Black Hawk and his band to attempt the capture of his
native village now occupied by the whites. The war followed. He and
his actions were undoubtedly misunderstood, and had his wishes been
acquiesced in at the beginning of the struggle, much bloodshed would
have been prevented.
Black Hawk was chief now of the Sac and Fox nations, and a noted
warrio^ He and his tribe inhabited a village on Rock River, nearly three
miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, where the tribe had lived
many generations. When that portion of Illinois was reserved to them,
they remained in peaceable possession of their reservation, spending their
time in the enjoyment of Indian life. The fine situation of their village
and the quality of their lands incited the more lawless white settlers, who
from time to time began to encroach upon the red men's domain. From
one pretext to another, and from one step to another,. the crafty white
men gained a foothold, until through whisky and artifice they obtained
deeds from many of the Indians for their possessions. The Indians were
finally induced to cross over the Father of Waters and locate among the
lowas. Black Hawk was strenuously opposed to all this, but as the
authorities of illinois and the United States thought this the best move, he
was forced to comply. Moreover other tribes joined the whites and urged
the removal. Black Hawk would not agree to the terms of the treaty
made with his nation for their lands, and as soon as the military, called to
enforce his removal, liad retired, he returned to the Illinois side of the
river. A large force was at once raised and marched against him. On
the evening of May 14, 1832, the first engagement occurred between a
band from this army and Black Hawk's band, in which the former were
defeated. This attack and its result aroused the _ whites. A large force of men
was raised, and Gen. Scott hastened from the seaboard, by way of the
lakes, with United States troops and artillery to aid in the subjugation of
the Indians. On the 24th of June/Bkck Hawk, with 200 warriors, was
repulsed by Major Demont between Row River and Galena. The Ameri
can army continued to move up Roell River toward the main body of
the Indians, and on the 21st of July caifce upon Black Hawk and his band,
and defeated them near the Blue Mounds.
Before this action, Gen. Henry, in command, sent word to the main
army by whom he was immediately rejoined, and the whole crossed the

78

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

Wisconsin in pursuit of Black Hawk and his band who were fleeing to the
Mississippi. They were overtaken on the 2d of August, and in the battle
which followed the power of the Indian chief was completely broken. He
fled, but was seized by the Winnebagoes and delivered to the whites.
On the 21st of September, 1832, Gen. Scott and Gov. Reynolds con
cluded a treaty with the Winnebagoes, Sacs and Foxes by which they
ceded to the United States a vast tract of country, and agreed to remain
peaceable with the whites. For the faithful performance of the provi
sions of this treaty on the part of the Indians, it was stipulated that
Black Hawk, his two sons, the prophet Wabokieshiek, and six other chiefs
of the hostile bands should be retained as hostages during the pleasure
of the President. They were confined at Fort Barracks and put in irons.
The next Spring, by order of the Secretary of War, they were taken
to Washington. From there they were removed to Fortress Monroe,
"there to remain until the conduct of their nation was such as to justify
their being set at liberty." They were retained here until the 4th of
June, when the authorities directed them to be taken to the principal
cities so that they might see the folly of contending against the white
people. Everywhere they were observed by thousands, the name of the
old chief being extensively known. By the middle of August they
reached Fort Armstrong on Rock Island, where Black Hawk was soon
after released to go to his countrymen. As he passed the site of his birth
place, now the home of the white man, he was deeply moved. His village
where he was born, where he had so happily lived, and where he had
hoped to die, was now another's dwelling place, and he was a wanderer.
On the next day after his release, he went at once to his tribe and
his lodge. His wife was yet living, and with her he passed the remainder
of his days. To his credit it may be said that Black Hawk always re
mained true to his wife, and served her with a devotion uncommon among
the Indians, living with her upward of forty years.
Black Hawk now passed his time hunting and fishing. A deep mel
ancholy had settled over him from which he could not be freed. At all
times when he visited the whites he was received with marked atten
tion. He was an honored guest at the old settlers' reunion in Lee County,
Illinois, at some of their meetings, and received many tokens of esteem.
In September, 1838, while on hjrf""way to Rock Island to receive his
annuity from the Government, he|SWtracted a severe cold which resulted
in a fatal attack of bilious fever which terminated his life on October 3.
His faithful wife, who was devotedly attached to him, mourned deeply
during his sickness. After his death he was dressed in the uniform pre
sented to him by the President while in Washington. He was buried in
a grave six feet in depth, situated upon a beautiful eminence. " The

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 79
body was placed in the middle of the grave, in a sitting posture, upon a
seat constructed for the purpose. On his left side, the cane, given him
by Henry Clay, was placed upright, with his right hand resting upon it.
Many of the old warrior's trophies were placed in the grave, and some
Indian garments, together with his favorite weapons."
No sooner was the Black Hawk war concluded than settlers began
rapidly to pour into the northern parts of Illinois, and into Wisconsin,
now free from Indian depredations. Chicago, from a trading post, had
grown to a commercial center, and was rapidly coming into prominence.
In 1835, the formation of a State Government in Michigan was discussed,
but did not take active form until two years later, when the State became
a part of the Federal Union.
The main attraction to that portion of the Northwest lying west of
Lake Michigan, now included in the State of Wisconsin, was its alluvial
wealth. Copper ore was found about Lake Superior. For some time this
region was attached to Michigan for judiciary purposes, but in 1836 was
made a territory, then including Minnesota and Iowa. The latter State
was detached two years later. In 1848, Wisconsin was admitted as a
State, Madison being made the capital. We have now traced the various
divisions of the Northwest Territory (save a little in Minnesota) from
the time ife was a unit comprising this vast territory, until circumstances
compelled its present division. *
Other Indian troubles.
Before leaving this part of the narrative, we will narrate briefly the
Indian troubles in Minnesota and elsewhere by the Sioux Indians.
In August, 1862, the Sioux Indians living on the western borders of
Minnesota fell upon the unsuspecting settlers, and in a few hours mas
sacred ten or twelve hundred persons. A distressful panic was the
immediate result, fully thirty thousand persons fleeing from their homes
.to districts supposed to be better protected. The military authorities
at once took active measures to punish the savages, and a large number
were killed and captured. About a year after, Little Crow, the chief,
was killed by a Mr. Lampson near Scattered Lake. Of those captured,
thirty were hung at Mankato, and ™fch% remainder, through fears of mob
violence, were removed to Camp M&dellan, on the outskirts of the City
of Davenport. It was here that Big<7Eagle came into prominence and
secured his release by the following or'der :

80

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 81
"Special Order, No. 430. "War Department,
" Adjutant General's Oppice, Washington, Dec. 3, 1864.
"Big Eagle, an Indian now in confinement at Davenport, Iowa,
will, upon the receipt of this order, be immediately released from confine
ment and set at liberty.
" By order of the President of the United States.
" Official : " E. D. Townsend, Ass't Adft Gen.
" Capt. James Vanderventer, Com'y Sub. Vols.
" Through Com'g Gen'l, Washington, D. C."
Another Indian who figures more prominently than Big Eagle, and
who was more cowardly in his nature, with his band of Modoc Indians,
is noted in the annals of the New Northwest : we refer to Captain Jack.
This distinguished Indian, noted for his cowardly murder of Gen. Canby,
was a chief of a Modoc tribe of Indians inhabiting the border lands
between California and Oregon,. This region of country comprises what
is known as the " Lava Beds," a tract of land described as utterly impene
trable, save by those savages who had made it their home.
The Modocs are known as an exceedingly fierce and treacherous
race. They had, according to their own traditions, resided here for many
generations, and at one time were exceedingly numerous and powerful.
A famine carried off nearly half their numbers, and disease, indolence
and the vices of the white man have reduced them to a poor, weak and
insignificant tribe.
Soon after the settlement of California and Oregon, complaints began
to be heard of massacres of emigrant trains passing through the Modoc
country. In 1847, an emigrant train, comprising eighteen souls, was en
tirely destroyed at a place since known as " Bloody Point." These occur
rences caused the United States Government to appoint a peace commission,
who, after repeated attempts, in 1864, made a treaty with the Modocs,
Snakes and Klamaths, in which it was agreed on their part to remove to
a reservation set apart for them in the southern part of Oregon.
With the 'exception of Captain Jack and a band of his followers, who
remained at Clear Lake, about six miles from Klamath, all the Indians
complied. The Modocs who went to the reservation were under chief
Schonchin. Captain Jack remained at the lake without disturbance
until 1869, when he was also induced to remove to the reservation. The
Modocs and the Klamaths soon became involved in a quarrel, and Captain
Jack and his band returned to the Lava Beds.
Several attempts were made by the Indian Commissioners to induce
them to return to the reservation, and finally becoming involved in a

82

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

difficulty with the commissioner and his military escort, a fight ensued,
in which the chief and his band were routed. They were greatly enraged,
and on their retreat, before the day closed, killed eleven inoffensive whites.
The nation was aroused and immediate action demanded. A com
mission was at once appointed by the Government to see what could be
done. It comprised the following persons : Gen. E. R. S. Canby, Rev.
Dr. E. Thomas, a leading Methodist divine of California ; Mr. A. B.
Meacham, Judge Rosborough, of California, and a Mr. Dyer, of Oregon.
After several interviews, in which the savages were always aggressive,
often appearing with scalps in their belts, Bogus Charley came to the
commission on the evening of April 10, 1873, and informed them that
Capt. Jack and his band would have a " talk " to-morrow at a place near
Clear Lake, about three miles distant. Here the Commissioners, accom
panied by Charley, Riddle, the interpreter, and Boston Charley repaired.
After the usual greeting the council proceedings commenced. On behalf
of the Indians there were present : Capt.#Jack, Black Jim, Schnac Nasty
Jim, Ellen's Man, and Hooker Jim. They had no guns, but carried pis
tols. After short speeches by Mr. Meacham, Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas,
Chief Schonchin arose to speak. He had scarcely proceeded when,
as if by a preconcerted arrangement, Capt. Jack drew his pistol and shot
Gen. Canby dead. In less than a minute a dozen shots were fired by the
savages, and the massacre completed. Mr. Meacham was shot by Schon
chin, and Dr. Thomas by Boston Charley. Mr. Dyer barely escaped, being
fired at twice. Riddle, the interpreter, and his squaw escaped. The
troops rushed to the spot where they found Gen. Canby and Dr. Thomas
dead, and Mr. Meacham badly wounded. The savages had escaped to
their impenetrable fastnesses and could not be pursued.
The whole country was aroused by this brutal massacre ; but it was
not until the following May that the murderers were brought to justice.
At that time Boston Charley gave himself up, and offered to guide the
troops to Capt. Jack's stronghold. This led to the capture of his entire
gang, a number of whom were murdered by Oregon volunteers while on
their way to trial. The remaining Indians were held as prisoners until
July when their trial occurred, which led to the conviction of Capt.
Jack, Schonchin, Boston Charley, Hooker Jim, Broncho, alias One-Eyed
Jim, and Slotuck, who were sentenced to be hanged. These sentences
were approved by the President, save in the case of Slotuck and Broncho
whose sentences were commuted to imprisonment for life. The others
were executed at Fort Klamath, October 3, 1873.
These closed the Indian troubles for a time in the Northwest, and for
several years the borders of civilization remained in peace. They were
again involved in a conflict with the savages about the eountry of the

^/.;f J55^t7

BELVIDERE.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

83

CAPTAIN JACK, THE MODOC CHIEFTAIN.

84 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
Black Hills, in which war the gallant Gen. Custer lost his life. Just
now the borders of Oregon and California are again in fear of hostilities ;
but as the Government has learned how to deal with the Indians, they
will be of short duration. The red man is fast passing away before the
march of the white man, and a few more generations will read of the
Indians as one of the nations of the past.
The Northwest abounds in memorable places. We have generally
noticed them in the narrative, but our space forbids their description in
detail, save of the most important places. Detroit, Cincinnati, Vincennes,
Kaskaskia and their kindred towns have all been described. But ere we
leave the narrative we will present our readers with an account of the
Kinzie house, the old landmark of Chicago, and the discovery of the
source of the Mississippi River, each of which may well find a place in
the annals of the Northwest.
Mr. John Kinzie, of the Kinzie house, represented in the illustra
tion, established a trading houee at Fort Dearborn in 1804. The stockade
had been erected the year previous, and named Fort Dearborn in honor
of the Secretary of War. It had a block house at each of the two angles,
on the southern side a sallyport, a covered way on the north side, that led
down to the riyer, for the double purpose of providing means of escape,
and of procuring water in the event of a siege.
Fort Dearborn stood on the south bank of the Chicago River, about
half a mile from its mouth. When Major Whistler built it, his soldiers
hauled all the timber, for he had no oxen, and so economically did he
work that the fort cost the Government only fifty dollars. For a while
the garrison could get no grain, and Whistler and his men subsisted on
acorns. Now Chicago is the greatest grain center in the world.
Mr. Kinzie bought the hut of the first settler, Jean Baptiste Point au
Sable, on the site of which he erected his mansion. Within an inclosure
in front he planted some Lombardy poplars, seen in the engraving, and in
the rear he soon had a fine garden and growing orchard.
In 1812 the Kinzie house and its surroundings became the theater
of stirring events. The garrison of Fort Dearborn consisted of fifty-four
men, under the charge of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant
Lenai T. Helm (son-in-law to Mrs. Kinzie), and Ensign Ronan. The
surgeon was Dr. Voorhees. The only residents at the post at that time
were the wives of Capt. Heald and Lieutenant Helm and a few of the
soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadian voyagers with their
wives and children. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most
friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and the Winnebagoes, the prin
cipal tribes around them, but they could not win them from their attach
ment to the British.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

85

in* -wTif18' ^^if TTecanoe lt™s ^served that some of thelead-
z^^z^r^re of their peopie had ~ * **
One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing his violin and his
het;™iee wTf t0 ^ r"' ^ MrS- ^ Came -^o
"What" iterlf ' \ "? «dtaimi^ " The ™ians ! the Indians ! "
What ;f Where ? eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. " Up at Lee's killing
and scalping," answered th.frightened mother, who, wheu th a arm wa
given, was attending Mrs. Burns, a newly-made' mother, living ntf™

KINZIE HOUSB.
Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river in boats, and took refuge in
the fort, to whieh place Mrs. Burns and her infant, not a day old, were
conveyed in safety to the shelter of the guns of Fort Dearborn, and the
rest of the white inhabitants fled. The Indians were a scalping party of
Winnebagoes, who hovered si-ound the fort some days, when they dis
appeared, and for several weeks the inhabitants were not disturbed by
alarms. Chicago was then so deep in the wilderness, that the news of the
declaration of war against Great Britain, made on the 19th of June, 1812
did not reach the commander of the garrison at Fort Dearborn till the 7th
of August. Now the fast mail train will carry a man from New York to
Chicago in twenty-seven hours, and such a declaration might be sent
every word, by the Megraph in less than the same number of minutes '

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THE NOETHWEST TERRITORY.
PRESENT CONDITION OF THE NORTHWEST.

87

Preceding chapters have brought us to the close of the Black Hawk
war, and we now turn to the contemplation of the growth and prosperity
of the Northwest under the smile of peace and the blessings of our civili
zation. The pioneers of this region date events back to the deep snow

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of 1831, no one arriving here since that date taking first honors. The
inciting cause of the immigration which overflowed the prairies early in
the '30s was the reports of the marvelous beauty and fertility of the
region distributed through the East by those who had participated in the
Black Hawk campaign with Gen. Scott. Chicago and Milwaukee then
had a few hundred inhabitants, and Gurdon S. Hubbard's trail from the
former citv to Kaskaskia led almost through a wilderness. Vegetables
and clothing were largely distributed through the regions adjoining the
88

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

lakes by steamers from the Ohio towns. There are men now living in
Illinois who came to the state when barely an acre was in cultivation,
and a man now prominent in the business circles of Chicago looked over
the swampy, cheerless site of that metropolis in 1818 and went south
ward into civilization. Emigrants from Pennsylvania in 1830 left behind

LINCOLN MONUMENT, SPBINGFIELD, ILLINOIS.
them but one small railway in the coal regions, thirty miles in length,
and made their way "to the Northwest mostly with ox teams, finding in
Northern Illinois petty settlements scores of miles apart, although the
southern portion of the state was fairly dotted with farms. The
water courses of the lakes and rivers furnished transportation to the
second great army of immigrants, and about 4850 railroads were
pushed to that extent that the crisis of 1837 was precipitated upon us,

the northwest territory.

89

from the effects of which the Western country had not fully recovered
at the outbreak of the war. Hostilities found the colonists of the prairies
fully alive to the demands of the occasion, and the honor of recruiting

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the vast armies of the Union fell largely to Gov. Yates, of Illinois, and
Gov. Morton, of Indiana. To recount the share of the glories of the
campaign won by our Western troops is a needless task, except to
mention the fact that Illinois gave to the nation the President who saved

90

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

it, and sent out at the head of one of its regiments tne general who led
its armies to the final victory at Appomattox. The struggle, on the

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EAEM VIEW IN WINTEE.

whole, had a marked effect for the better on the new Northwest, giving
it an impetus which twenty years of peace would not have produced.
In a large degree this prcsperi'v was an inflated one, and with the rest
of the Union we Ijavo sines i^ca compelled to atone therefor by four

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

91

6PBING SCENE.

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THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 93
years of depression of values, of scarcity of employment, and loss of
fortune. To a less degree, however, than the manufacturing or mining
regions has the West suffered during the prolonged panic now so near its
end. Agriculture, still the leading feature in our industries, has been
quite prosperous through all these dark years, and the farmers have
cleared away many incumbrances resting over them from the period of
fictitious values. The population has steadily increased, the arts and
sciences are gaining a stronger foothold, the trade area of the region is
becoming daily more extended, and we have been largely exempt from
the financial calamities which have nearly wrecked communities on the
seaboard dependent wholly on foreign commerce or domestic manufacture.
At the present period there are no great schemes broached for the
Northwest, no propositions for government subsidies or national works
of improvement, but the capital of the world is attracted hither for the
purchase of our products or the expansion of our capacity for serving the
nation at large. A new era is dawning as to transportation, and we bid
fair to deal almost exclusively with the increasing and expanding lines
of steel rail running through every few miles of territory on the prairies.
The lake marine will no doubt continue to be useful in the warmer
season, and to serve as a regulator of freight rates ; but experienced
navigators forecast the decay of the system in moving to the seaboard
the enormous crops of the West. Within the past five years it has
become quite common to see direct shipments to Europe and the West
Indies going through from the second-class towns along the Mississippi
and Missouri. As to popular education, the standard has of late risen very greatly,
and our schools would be creditable to any section of. the Union. '
More and more as the events of the war pass into obscurity will the
fate of the Northwest be linked with that of the Southwest, and the
next Congressional apportionment will give the valley of the Mississippi
absolute control of the legislation of the nation, and do much toward
securing the removal of the Federal capitol to some more central location.
Our public men continue to wield the full share of influence pertain
ing to their rank in the national autonomy, and seem not to forget that
for the past sixteen years they and their constituents have dictated the
principles which should govern the country.
In a work like this, destined to lie on the shelves of the library for
generations, and not doomed to daily destruction like a newspaper, one
can not indulge in the same glowing predictions, the sanguine statements
of actualities that fill the columns of ephemeral publications. Time may
"bring grief to the pet projects of a writer, and explode castles erected on
a pedestal of facts. Yet there are unmistakable indications before us of

94

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 95
the same radical change in our great Northwest . which characterizes its
history for the past thirty years. Our domain has a sort of natural
geographical border, save where it melts away to the southward in the
cattle raising districts of the southwest.
Our prime interest, will for some years doubtless be the growth of
the food 'of the world, in which branch it has already outstripped all
competitors, and our great rival in this duty will naturally be the fertile
plains of Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado, to say nothing of the new
empire so rapidly growing up in Texas. Over these regions there is a
continued progress in agriculture and in railway building, and we must
look to our laurels. Intelligent observers of events are fully aware of
the strides made in the way of shipments of fresh meats to Europe,
many of these ocean cargoes being actually slaughtered in the West and
transported on ice to the wharves of the seaboard cities. That this new
enterprise will continue there is no reason to doubt. There are in
Chicago several factories for the canning of prepared meats for European
consumption, and the orders for this class of goods are already immense.
English capital is becoming daily more and more dissatisfied with railway
loans and investments, and is gradually seeking mammoth outlays in
lands and live stock. The stock yards in Chicago, Indianapolis and East
St. Louis are yearly increasing their facilities, and their plant steadily
grows more valuable. Importations of blooded animals from the pro
gressive countries of Europe are destined to greatly improve the quality
of our beef and mutton. Nowhere is there to be seen a more enticing
display in this line than at our state and county fairs, and the interest
in the matter is on the increase.
To attempt to give statistics of our grain production for 1877 would
be useless, so far have we surpassed ourselves in the quantity and
quality of our product. We are too liable to forget that we are giving
the world its first article of necessity — its food supply. An opportunity
to learn this fact so it never can be forgotten was afforded at Chicago at
the outbreak of the great panic of 1873, when Canadian purchasers,
fearinp- the prostration of business mightbring about an anarchical condition
of affairs, went to that eityv with coin in bulk and foreign drafts to secure
their supplies in their own currency at first hands. It may be justly
claimed by the agricultural community that their combined efforts gave
the nation its first impetus toward a restoration of its crippled industries,
and their labor brought the gold premium to a lower depth than the
government was able to reach by its most intense efforts of legislation
and compulsion. The hundreds of millions about to be disbursed for
farm products have already, by the anticipation common to all commercial

96

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

nations, set the wheels in motion, and will relieve us from the perils so
long shadowing our efforts to return to a healthy tone.
Manufacturing has attained in the chief cities a foothold which bids
fair to render the Northwest independent of the outside world. Nearly

our whole region has a distribution of coal measures which will in time
support the manufactures necessary to our comfort and prosperity. As
to transportation, the chief factor in the production of all articles except
food, no section is so magnificently endowed, and our facilities are yearly
increasing beyond those of any other" region.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 97
The period from a central point of the war to the outbreak of the
panic was marked by a tremendous growth in our railway lines, but the
depression of the times caused almost a total suspension of operations.
Now that prosperity is returning to our stricken country we, witness its
anticipation by the railroad interest in a series of projects, extensions,
and leases which bid fair to largely increase our transportation facilities.
The process of foreclosure and sale of incumbered lines is another matter
to be considered. In the case of the Illinois Central road, which formerly
transferred to other lines at Cairo the vast burden of freight destined for
the Gulf region, we now see the incorporation of the tracks connecting
through to New Orleans, every mile co-operating in turning toward the
northwestern metropolis the weight of the inter-state commerce of a
thousand miles or more of fertile plantations. Three competing routes
to Texas have established in Chicago their general freight and passenger
agencies. Four or five lines compete for all Pacific freights to a point as
as far as the- interior of Nebraska. Half a dozen or more splendid bridge
structures have been thrown across the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers by
the railways. The Chicago and Northwestern line has become an aggre
gation of over two thousand miles of rail, and the Chicago, Milwaukee
and St. Paul is its close rival in extent and importance. The three lines
running to Cairo via Vincennes form a through route for all traffic with
the states to the southward.. The chief projects now under discussion
are the Chicago and Atlantic, which is to unite with lines now built to
Charleston, and the Chicago and Canada Southern, which line will con
nect with all the various branches of that Canadian enterprise. Our
latest new road is .the Chicago and Lake Huron, formed of three lines,
and entering the city from Valparaiso on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne
and Chicago track. The trunk lines being mainly in 'operation, the
progress made in the way of shortening tracks, making air-line branches,
and running extensions does not show to the advantage it deserves, as
this process is constantly adding new facilities to the established order
of things. The panic reduced the price of steel to a point where the
railways could hardly afford to use iron rails, and all our northwestern
lines report large relays of Bessemer track. The immense crops now
being moved have given a great rise to the value of railway stocks, and
their transportation must result in heavy pecuniary advantages.
Few are aware of the importance of the wholesale and jobbing trade
of Chicago. One leading firm has since the panic sold $24,000,000 of
dry goods in one year, and they now expect most confidently to add
seventy per cent, to the figures of their last year's business. In boots
and shoes and in clothing, twenty or more great firms from the east have
placed here their distributing agents or their factories ; and in groceries

98

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

Chicago supplies the entire Northwest at rates presenting advantages
over New York.
Chicago has stepped in between New York and the rural banks as a
financial center, and scarcely a banking institution in the grain or cattle
regions but keeps its reserve funds in the vaults of our commercial insti
tutions. Accumulating here throughout the spring and summer months,
they are summoned home at pleasure to move the products of the
prairies. This process greatly strengthens the northwest in its financial
operations, leaving home capital to supplement local operations on
behalf of home interests.
It is impossible to forecast the destiny of this grand and growing
section of the Union. Figures and predictions made at this date might
seem ten years hence so ludicrously small as to excite only derision.

ILLINOIS.
Length, 380 miles, mean width about 156 miles. Area, 55,410 square
miles, or 35,462,400 acres. Illinois, as regards its surface, constitutes a
table-land at a varying elevation ranging between 350 and 800 feet above
the sea level ; composed of extensive and highly fertile prairies and plains.
Much of the south division of the State, especially the river-bottoms, are
thickly wooded. The prairies, too, have oasis-like clumps of trees
scattered here and there at intervals. The chief rivers irrigating the
State are the Mississippi — dividing it from Iowa and Missouri — the Ohio
(forming its south barrier), the Illinois, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and San
gamon, with their numerous affluents. The total extent of navigable
streams is calculated at 4,000 miles. Small lakes are scattered over vari
ous parts of the State. Illinois is extremely prolific in minerals, chiefly
coal, iron, copper, and zinc ores, sulphur and limestone. The coal-field
alone is estimated to absorb a full third of the entire coal-deposit of North
America. Climate tolerably equable and healthy ; the mean temperature
standing at about 51° Fahrenheit As an agricultural region, Illinois takes.
a competitive rank with neighboring States, the cereals, fruits, and root-
crops yielding plentiful returns ; in fact, as a grain-growing State, Illinois
may be deemed, in proportion to her size, to possess a greater area of
lands suitable for its production than any other State in the Union. Stock-
raising is also largely carried on, while her manufacturing interests in
regard of woolen fabrics, etc., are on a very extensive and yearly expand
ing scale. The lines of railroad in the State are among the most exten
sive of the Union. Inland water-carriage is facilitated by a canal
connecting the Illinois River with Lake Michigan, and thence with the
St. Lawrence and Atlantic. Illinois is divided into 102 counties ; the
chief towns being Chicago, Springfield (capital), Alton, Quincy, Peoria,
Galena, Bloomington, Rock Island, Vandalia, etc. By the new Consti
tution, established in 1870, the State Legislature consists of 51 Senators,
elected for four years, and 153 Representatives, for two years ; which
numbers were to be decennially increased thereafter to the number of
six per every additional half-million of inhabitants. Religious and
educational institutions are largely diffused throughout, and are in a very
flourishing condition. Illinois has a State Lunatic and a Deaf and Dumb
Asylum at Jacksonville ; a State Penitentiary at Joliet ; and a Home for
(99)

100

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

Soldiers' Orphans at Normal. On November 30, 1870, the public debt of
the State was returned at $4,870,937, with a balance of $1,808,833
unprovided for. At the same period the value of assessed and equalized
property presented the following totals : assessed, $840,031,703 ; equal
ized $480,664,058. The name of Illinois, through nearly the whole of
the eighteenth century, embraced most of the known regions north and
west of Ohio. French colonists established themselves in 1673, at
Cahokia and Kaskaskia, and the territory of which these settlements
formed the nucleus was, in 1763, ceded to Great Britain in conjunction
with Canada, and ultimately resigned to the United States in 1787.
Illinois entered the Union as a State, December 3, 1818; and now sends
19 Representatives to Congress. Population, 2,539,891, in 1870.

A WESTEEN DWELLING.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. lOl

INDIANA.

The profile of Indiana forms a nearly exact parallelogram, occupy
ing one of the most fertile portions of the great Mississippi Valley. The
greater extent of the surface embraced within its limits consists of gentle
undulations rising into hilly tracts toward the Ohio bottom. The chief
rivers of the State are the Ohio and Wabash, with their numerous
affluents. The soil is highly productive of the cereals and grasses — most
particularly so in the valleys of the Ohio, Wabash, Whitewater, and
White Rivers. The northeast and central portions are well timbered
with virgin forests, and the west section is notably rich in coal, constitut
ing an offshoot of the great Illinois carboniferous field. Iron, copper,
marble, slate, gypsum, and various clays are also abundant. From an
agricultural point of view, the staple products are maize and wheat, with
the other cereals in lesser yields ; and besides these, flax, hemp, sorghum,
hops, etc., are extensively raised. Indiana is divided into 92 counties,
and counts among her principal cities and towns, those of Indianapolis
(the capital), Fort Wayne, Evansville, Terre Haute, Madison, Jefferson-
ville, Columbus, Vincennes, South Bend, etc. The public institutions of
the State are many and various, and on a scale of magnitude and
efficiency commensurate with her important political and industrial status.
Upward of two thousand miles of railroads permeate the State in all
directions, and greatly conduce to the development of her expanding
manufacturing interests. Statistics for the fiscal year terminating
October 31, 1870, exhibited a total of receipts, $3,896,541 as against dis
bursements, $3,532,406, leaving a balance, $364,135 in favor of the State
Treasury. The entire public debt, January 5, 1871, $3,971,000. This
State was first settled by Canadian voyageurs in 1702, who erected a fort
at Vincennes ; in 1763 it passed into the hands of the English, and was
by the latter ceded to the United States in 1783. From 1788 till 1791,
an Indian warefare prevailed. In 1800, all the region west and north of
Ohio (then formed into a distinct territory) became merged in Indiana.
In 1809, the present limits of the State were defined, Michigan and
Illinois having previously been withdrawn. In 1811, Indiana was the
theater of the Indian War of Tecumseh, ending with the decisive battle
of Tippecanoe. In 1816 (December 11), Indiana became enrolled among
the States of the American Union. In 1834, the State passed through a
monetary crisis owing to its having become mixed up with railroad,
canal, and other speculations on a gigantic scale, which ended, for the
time being, in a general collapse of public credit, and consequent bank
ruptcy. Since that time, however, the greater number of the public

102 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
works which had brought about that imbroglio — especially the great
Wabash and Erie Canal — have been completed, to the great benefit of
the State, whose subsequent progress has year by year been marked by
rapid strides in the paths of wealth, commerce, and general social and
political prosperity. The constitution now in force was adopted in 1851.
Population, 1,680,637.

IOWA.
In shape, Iowa presents an almost perfect parallelogram; has a
length, north to south, of about 300 miles, by a pretty even width of 208
miles, and embraces an area of 55,045 square miles, or 35,228,800 acres.
The surface of the State is generally undulating, rising toward the
middle into an elevated plateau which forms the " divide " of the
Missouri and Mississippi basins. Rolling prairies, especially in the south
section, constitute a regnant feature, and the river bottoms, belted with
woodlands, present a soil of the richest alluvion. Iowa is well watered ;
the principal rivers being the Mississippi and Missouri, which form
respectively its east and west limits, and the Cedar, Iowa, and Des
Moines, affluents of the first named. Mineralogically, Iowa is important
as occupying a section of the great Northwest coal field, to the extent of
an area estimated#at 25,000 square miles. Lead, copper, zinc, and iron,
are also mined in considerable quantities. The soil is well adapted to
the production of wheat, maize, and the other cereals ; fruits, vegetables,
and esculent roots; maize, wheat, and oats forming the chief staples.
Wine, tobacco, hops, and wax, are other noticeable items of the agricul
tural yield. Cattle-raising, too, is a branch of rural industry largely
engaged in. The climate is healthy, although liable to extremes of heat
and cold. The annual gross product of the various manufactures carried
on in this State approximate, in round numbers, a sum of $20,000,000.
Iowa has an immense railroad system, besides over 500 miles of water-
communication by means of its navigable rivers. The State is politically
divided into 99 counties, with the following centers of population : Des
Moines (capital), Iowa City (former capital), Dubuque, Davenport, Bur
lington, Council Bluffs, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Cedar Rapids. The
State institutions of Iowa — religious, scholastic, and philanthropic — are
on a par, as regards number and perfection of organization and operation,
with those of her Northwest sister States, and education is- especially
well cared for, and largely diffused. Iowa formed a portion of the
American territorial acquisitions from France, by the so-called Louisiana
purchase in 1 803, and was politically identified with Louisiana till 1812,

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 103
when it merged into the Missouri Territory; in 1834 it came under the
Michigan organization, and, in 1836, under that of Wisconsin. Finally,
after being constituted an independent Territory, it became a State of
the Union, December 28, 1846. Population in 1860, 674,913 ; in 1870,
1,191,792, and in 1875, 1,353,118.

MICHIGAN.
United area, 56,243 square miles, or 35,995,520 acres. Extent of the
Upper and smaller Peninsula — length, 316 miles; breadth, fluctuating
between 36 and 120 miles. The south division is 416 miles long, by from
50 to 300 miles wide. Aggregate lake-shore line, 1,400 miles. The
Upper, or North, Peninsula consists chjefly of an elevated plateau,
expanding into the Porcupine mountain-system, attaining a maximum
height of some 2,000 feet. Its shores along Lake Superior are eminently
bold and picturesque, and its area is rich in minerals, its product of
copper constituting an important source of industry. Both divisions are
heavily wooded, and the South one, in addition, boasts of a deep, rich,
loamy soil, throwing up excellent crops of cereals and other agricultural
produce. The climate is generally mild and humid, though the Winter
colds are severe. The chief staples of farm husbandry include the cereals,
grasses, maple sugar, sorghum, tobacco, fruits, and dairy-stuffs. In 1870,
the acres of land in farms were : improved, 5,096,939 ; unimproved
woodland, 4,080,146 ; other unimproved land, 842,057. The cash value
of - land was $398,240,578; of farming implements and machinery,
$13,711,979. In 1869, there were shipped from the Lake Superior ports,
874,582 tons of iron ore, and 45,762 of smelted pig, along with 14,188
tons of copper (ore and ingot). Coal is another article largely mined.
Inland communication is provided for by an admirably organized railroad
system, and by the St. Mary's Ship Canal, connecting Lakes Huron and
Superior. Michigan is politically divided into 78 counties ; its chief
urban centers are Detroit, Lansing (capital), Ann Arbor, Marquette,
Bay City, Niles, Ypsilanti, Grand Haven, etc. The Governor of the
State is elected biennially. On November 30, 1870, the aggregate bonded
debt of Michigan amounted to $2,385,028, and the assessed valuation of
land to $266,929,278, representing an estimated cash value of $800,000,000.
Education is largely diffused and most excellently conducted and pro
vided for. The State University at Ann Arbor, the colleges of Detroit
and Kalamazoo, the Albion Female College, the State Normal School at
Ypsilanti, and the State Agricultural College at Lansing, are chief among
the academic institutions. Michigan (a term of Chippeway origin, and

104 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.
signifying " Great Lake), was discovered and first settled by French
Canadians, who, in 1670, founded Detroit, the pioneer of a series of trad
ing-posts on the Indian frontier. During the " Conspiracy of Pontiac,"
following the French loss of Canada, Michigan became the scene of a
sanguinary struggle between the whites and aborigines. In 1796, it
became annexed to the United States, which incorporated this region
with the Northwest Territory, and then with Indiana Territory, till 1803,
when it became territorially independent. Michigan was the theater of
warlike operations during the war of 1812 with Great Britain, and in
1819 was authorized to be represented by one delegate in Congress ; in
1837 she was admitted into the Union as a State, and in 1869 ratified the
15th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. Population, 1,184,059.

WISCONSIN.
It has a mean length of 260 miles, and a maximum breadth of 215..
Land area, 53,924 square miles, or 34,511,360 acres. Wisconsin lies at a
considerable altitude above sea-level, and consists for the most part of an
upland plateau, the surface of which is undulating and very generally
diversified. Numerous local eminences called mounds are interspersed
over the State, and the Lake Michigan coast-line is in many parts char
acterized by lofty escarped cliffs, even as on the west side the banks of
the Mississippi form a series of high and picturesque bluffs. A group of
islands known as The Apostles lie off the extreme north point of the
State in Lake Superior, and the great estuary of Green Bay, running far
inland, gives formation to a long, narrow peninsula between its waters
and those of Lake Michigan. The river-system of Wisconsin has three
outlets — those of Lake Superior, Green Bay, and the Mississippi, which
latter stream forms the entire southwest frontier, widening at one point
into the large watery expanse called Lake Pepin. Lake Superior receives
the St. Louis, Burnt Wood, and Montreal Rivers; Green Bay, the
Menomonee, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Fox ; while into the Mississippi
empty the St. Croix, Chippewa, Black, Wisconsin, and Rock Rivers.
The chief interior lakes are those of Winnebago, Horicon, and Court
Oreilles, and smaller sheets of water stud a great part of the surface.
The climate is healthful, with cold Winters and brief but very warm
Summers. Mean annual rainfall 31 inches. The geological system
represented by the State, embraces those rocks included between the
primary and the Devonian series, the former containing extensive
deposits of copper and iron ore. Besides these minerals, lead and zinc
are found in great quantities, together with kaolin, plumbago, gypsum,

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 105
and various clays. Mining, consequently, forms a prominent industry,
and one of yearly increasing dimensions. The soil of Wisconsin is of
varying quality, but fertile on the whole, and in the north parts of the
State heavily timbered. The agricultural yield comprises the cereals,
together with flax, hemp, tobacco, pulse, sorgum, and all kinds of vege
tables, and of the hardier fruits. In 1870, the State had a total number
of 102,904 farms, occupying 11,715,321 acres, of which 5,899,343 con
sisted of improved land, and 3,437,442 were timbered. Cash value of
farms, $300,414,064 ; of farm implements and machinery, $14,239,364.
Total estimated value of all farm products, including betterments and
additions to stock, $78,027,032 ; of orchard and dairy stuffs, $1,045,933 ;
of lumber, $1,327,618 ; of home manufactures, $338,423 ; of all live-stock,
$45,310,882. Number of manufacturing establishments, 7,136, employ
ing 39,055 hands, and turning out productions valued at $85,624,966.
The political divisions of the State form 61 counties, and the Qhief places
of wealth, trade, and population, are Madison (the capital), Milwaukee,
Fond du Lac, Oshkosh, Prairie du Chien, Janesville, Portage City,
Racine, Kenosha, and La Crosse. In 1870, the total assessed valuation
reached $333,209,838, as against a' true valuation of both real and personal
estate aggregating $602,207,329. Treasury receipts during 1870, $886,-
696"; disbursements, $906,329. Value of church property, $4,749,983.
Education is amply provided for. Independently nf the State University
at Madison, and those of Galesville and of Lawrence at Appleton, and
the colleges of Beloit, Racine, and Milton, there are Normal Schools at
Platteville and Whitewater. The State is divided into 4,802 common
school districts, maintained at a cost, in 1870, of $2,094,160. The chari
table institutions of Wisconsin include a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, an
Institute for the Education of the Blind, and a Soldiers' Orphans' School.
In January, 1870, the railroad system ramified throughout the State
totalized 2,779 miles of track, including several lines far advanced toward
completion. Immigration is successfully encouraged by the State author
ities, the larger number of yearly new-comers being of Scandinavian and
German origin. The territory now occupied within the limits of the
State of Wisconsin was explored by French missionaries and traders in
1639, and it remained under French jurisdiction until 1703, when it
became annexed to the British North American possessions. In 1796, it
reverted to the United States, the government of which latter admitted
it within the limits of the Northwest Territory, and in 1809, attached it
to that of Illinois, and to Michigan in 1818. Wisconsin became independ
ently territorially organized in 1836, and became a State of the Union,
March 3, 1847. Population in 1870, 1,064,985, of which, 2,113 were of
the colored race, and 11,521 Indians, 1,206 of the latter being out of
tribal relations.

106 THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

MINNESOTA.

Its length, north to south, embraces an extent of 380 miles ; its
breadth one of 250 miles at a maximum. Area, 84,000 square miles, or
54,760,000 acres. The surface of Minnesota, generally speaking, con
sists of a succession of gently undulating plains and prairies, drained by
an admirable water-system, and with here and there heavily- timbered
bottoms and belts of virgin forest. The soil, corresponding with such a
superfices, is exceptionally rich, consisting for the most part of a dark,
calcareous sandy drift intermixed with loam. A distinguishing physical
feature of this State is its riverine ramifications, expanding in nearly
every part of it into almost innumerable lakes — the whole presenting an
aggregate of water-power having hardly a rival in the Union. Besides
the Mississippi — which here has its rise, and drains a basin of 800 miles
of country — the principal streams are the Minnesota (334 miles long),
the Red River of the North, the St. Croix, St. Louis, and many others of
lesser importance ; the chief lakes are those called Red, Cass, Leech,
Mille Lacs, Vermillion, and Winibigosh. Quite a concatenation of sheets
of water fringe the frontier line where Minnesota joins British America,
culminating in the Lake of the Woods. It has been estimated, that of
an area of 1,200,000 acres of surface between the St. Croix and Mis
sissippi Rivers, not less than 73,000 acres are of lacustrine formation. In
point of minerals, the resources of Minnesota have as yet been very
imperfectly developed; iron, copper, coal, lead — all these are known to
exist in considerable deposits ; together with salt, limestone, and potter's
clay. The agricultural outlook of the State is in a high degree satis
factory ; wheat constitutes the leading cereal in cultivation, with Indian
corn and oats in next order. Fruits and vegetables are grown in great
plenty and of excellent quality. The lumber resources of Minnesota are
important ; the pine forests in the north region alone occupying an area
of some 21,000 square miles, which in 1870 produced a return of scaled
logs amounting to 313,116,416 feet. The natural industrial advantages
possessed by Minnesota are largely improved upon by a railroad system.
The political divisions of this State number 78 counties ; of which the
chief cities and towns are : St. Paul (the capital), Stillwater, Red Wing,
St. Anthony, Fort Snelling, Minneapolis, and Mankato. Minnesota has
already assumed an attitude of high importance as a manufacturing State ;
this is mainly due to the wonderful command of water-power she pos
sesses, as before spoken of. Besides her timber-trade, the milling of
flour, the distillation of whisky, and the tanning of leather, are prominent
interests, which, in 1869, gave returns to the amount of $14,831,043.

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY. 107
Education is notably provided for on a broad and catholic scale, the
entire amount expended scholastically during the year 1870 being $857,-
816 ; while on November 30 of the preceding year the permanent school
fund stood at $2,476,222. Besides a University and Agricultural College,
Normal and Reform Schools flourish, and with these may be mentioned
such various philanthropic and religious institutions as befit the needs of
an intelligent and prosperous community. The finances of the State for
the fiscal year terminating December 1, 1870, exhibited a balance on the
right side to the amount of $136,164, being a gain of $44,000 over the
previous year's figures. The earliest exploration of Minnesota by the
whites was made in 1680 by a French Franciscan, Father Hennepin, who
gave the name of St. Antony to the Great Falls on the Upper Missisippi.
In 1763, the Treaty of Versailles ceded this region- to England.
Twenty years later, Minnesota formed part of the Northwest Territory
transferred to the United States, and became herself territorialized inde
pendently in 1849. Indian cessions in 1851 enlarged her boundaries, and.
May 11, 1857, Minnesota became a unit of the great American federation
of States. Population, 439,706.

NEBRASKA.
Maximum length, 412 miles ; extreme breadth, 208 miles. Area,
75,905 square miles, or 48,636,800 acres'. The surface of this State is
almost entirely undulating prairie, and forms part of the west slope of
the great central basin of the North American Continent. In its west
division, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, is a sandy belt of
country, irregularly defined. In this part, too, are the " dunes," resem
bling a wavy sea of sandy billows, as well as the Mauvaises Terres, a tract
of singular formation, produced by eccentric disintegrations and denuda-
tions of the land. The chief rivers are the Missouri, constituting its en
tire east line of demarcation ; the Nebraska or Platte, the Niobrara, the
Republican Fork of the Kansas, the Elkhorn, and the Loup Fork of the
Platte. The soil is very various, but consisting chiefly of rich, bottomy
loam, admirably adapted to the raising of heavy crops of cereals. All
the vegetables and fruits of the temperate zone are produced in great
• size and plenty. For grazing purposes Nebraska is a State exceptionally
well fitted, a region of not less than 23,000,000 acres being adaptable to
this branch of husbandry. It is believed that the, as yet, comparatively
infertile tracts of land found in various parts of the State are susceptible
of productivity by means of a properly conducted system of irrigation.
Few minerals of moment have so far been found within the limits of

108

THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY.

Nebraska, if we may except important saline deposits at the head of Salt
Creek in its southeast section. The State is divided into 57 counties,
independent of the Pawnee and Winnebago Indians, and of unorganized
territory in the northwest part. The principal towns are Omaha, Lincoln
(State capital), Nebraska City, Columbus, Grand Island, etc. In 1870,
the total assessed value of property amounted to $53,000,000, being an
increase of $11,000,000 over the previous year's returns. The total
amount received from the school-fund during the year 1869-70 was
$77,999. Education is making great onward strides, the State University
and an Agricultural College being far advanced toward completion. In
the matter of railroad communication, Nebraska bids fair to soon place
herself on a par with her neighbors to the east. Besides being inter
sected by th'e Union Pacific line, with its off-shoot, the Fremont and Blair,
other tracks are in course of rapid construction. Organized by Con
gressional Act into a Territory, May 30, 1854, Nebraska entered the
Union as a full State, March 1, 1867. Population, 122,993.

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HUNTING PEAIE1E WOLVES IN AN EARLY DAY.
Early History of Illinois.

The name of this beautiful Prairie State is derived from Illini, a
Delaware word signifying Superior Men. It has a French termination,
and is a symbol of how the two races — the French and the Indians —
were intermixed during the early history of the country.
The appellation was no doubt well applied to the primitive inhabit
ants of the soil whose prowess in savage warfare long withstood the
combined attacks of the fierce Iroquois on the one side, and the no less
savage and relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. The Illinois were
once a powerful confederacy, occupying the most beautiful and fertile
region in the great' Valley of the Mississippi, which their enemies coveted
and struggled long and hard to wrest from them. By the fortunes of
war they were diminished in numbers, and finally destroyed. " Starved
Rock," on the Illinois River, according to tradition, commemorates their
last tragedy, where, it is said, the entire tribe starved rather than sur
render. EARLY DISCOVERIES.
The first European discoveries in Illinois date back over two hun
dred years. They are a part of that movement which, from the begin
ning to the middle of the seventeenth century, brought the French
Canadian missionaries and fur traders into the Valley of the Mississippi,
and which, at a later period, established the civil and ecclesiastical
authority of France from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico,
and from the foot-hills of the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains.
The great river of the West had been discovered by DeSoto, the
Spanish conqueror of Florida, three quarters of a century before the
French founded Quebec in 1608, but the Spanish left the country a wil
derness, without further exploration or settlement within its borders, in
which condition it remained until the Mississippi was discovered by the
agents of the French Canadian government, Joliet and Marquette, in 1673.
These renowned explorers were not the first white visitors to Illinois.
jn 1671 — two years in advance of them — came Nicholas Perrot to Chicago.
He had been sent by Talon as an agent of the Canadian government to

110

HISTORY OP THE STATE OP ILLINOIS.

HISTORY OS1 THE STATE OE ILLINOIS. Ill
call a great peace convention of Western Indians at Green Bay, prepara
tory to the movement for the discovery of the Mississippi. It was
deemed a good stroke of policy to secure, as far as possible, the friend
ship and co-operation of the Indians, far and near, before venturing upon
an enterprise which their hostility might render disastrous, and which
their friendship and assistance would do so much to make successful ;
and to this end Perrot was sent to call together in council the tribes
throughout the Northwest, and to promise them the commerce and pro
tection of the French government. He accordingly arrived at Green
Bay in 1671, and procuring an escort of Pottawattamies, proceeded in a
bark canoe upon a visit to the Miamis, at Chicago. Perrot was there
fore the first European to set foot upon the soil of Illinois.
Still there were others before Marquette. In 1672, the Jesuit mis
sionaries, Fathers Claude Allouez and Claude Dablon, bore the standard
of the Cross from their mission at Green Bay through western Wisconsin
and northern Illinois, visiting the Foxes on Fox River, and the Masquo-
tines and Kickapoos at the mouth of the Milwaukee. These missionaries
penetrated on the route afterwards followed by Marquette as far as the
Kickapoo village at the head of Lake Winnebago, where Marquette, in
his journey, secured guides across the portage to the Wisconsin.
The oft-repeated story of Marquette and Joliet is well known.
They were the agents employed by the Canadian government to discover
the Mississippi. Marquette was a native of France, born in 1637, a
Jesuit priest by education, and a man of simple faith and of great zeal and
devotion in extending the Roman Catholic religion among the Indians.
Arriving in Canada in 1666, he was sent as a missionary to the far
Northwest, and, in 1668, founded a mission at Sault Ste. Marie. The
following year he moved to La Pointe, in Lake Superior, whera he
instructed a branch of the Hurons till 1670, when he removed south, and
founded the mission at St. Ignace, on the Straits of Mackinaw. Here
he remained, devoting a portion of his time to the study of the Illinois
language under a native teacher who had accompanied him to the mission
from La Pointe, till he was joined by Joliet in the Spring of 1673. By
the way of Green Bay and the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, they entered
the Mississippi, which they explored to the mouth of the Arkansas, and
returned by the way of the Illinois and Chicago Rivers to Lake Michigan.
On his way up the Illinois, Marquette visited the great village of
the Kaskaskias, near what is now Utica, in the county of LaSalle. The
following year he returned and established among them the mission of
the Immaculate Virgin Mary, which was the first Jesuit mission founded
in Illinois and in the Mississippi Valley. The intervening winter he
had spent in a hut which his companions erected on the Chicago River, a
few leagues from its mouth. The founding of this mission was the last

112 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
act of Marquette's life. He died in Michigan, on his way back to Green
Bay, May 18, 1675.
FIRST FRENCH OCCUPATION.
The first French occupation of the territory now embraced in Illi
nois was effected by LaSalle in 1680, seven years after the time of Mar
quette and Joliet. LaSalle, having constructed a vessel, the " Griffin,"
above the falls of Niagara, which he sailed to Green Bay, and having
passed thence in canoes to the mouth of the St. Joseph River, by which
and the Kankakee he reached the Illinois, in January, 1680, erected Fort
Crevecoeur, at the lower end of Peoria Lake, where the city of Peoria is
now situated. The place where this ancient fort stood may still be seen
just below the outlet of Peoria Lake. It was destined, however, to a
temporary existence. From this point, LaSalle determined to descend
the Mississippi to its mouth, but did not accomplish this purpose till two
years later — in 1682. Returning to Fort Frontenac for the purpose of
getting materials with which to rig his vessel, he left the fort in charge of
Touti, his lieutenant, who during his absence was driven off by the Iro
quois Indians. These savages had made a raid upon the settlement of
the Illinois, and had left nothing in their track but ruin and desolation.
Mr. Davidson, in his History of Illinois, gives the following graphic
account of the picture that met the eyes 'of LaSalle and his companions
on their return :
" At the great town of the Illinois they were appalled at the scene
which opened to their view. No hunter appeared to break its death-like
silence with a salutatory whoop ot welcome. The plain on which the
town had stood was now strewn with charred fragments of lodges, which
had so recently swarmed with savage life and hilarity. To render more
hideous the picture of desolation, large numbers of skulls had been
placed on the upper extremities of lodge-poles which had' escaped the
devouring flames. In the midst of these horrors was the rude fort of
the spoilers, rendered frightful by the same ghastly relics. A near
approach showed that the graves had been robbed of their bodies, and
swarms of buzzards were discovered glutting their loathsome stomachs
on the reeking corruption. To complete the work of destruction, the
growing corn of the village had been cut down and burned, while the
pits containing the products of previous years, had been rifled and their
contents scattered with wanton waste. It was evident the suspected
blow of -the Iroquois had fallen with relentless fury."
Tonti had escaped LaSalle knew not whither. Passing down the
lake in search of him and his men, LaSalle discovered that the fort had
been destroyed, but the vessel which he had partly constructed was still

HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 113
on the stocks, and but slightly injured. After further fruitless search,
failing to find Tonti, he fastened to a tree a painting representing himself
and party sitting in a canoe and bearing a pipe of peace, and to the paint
ing attached a letter addressed to Tonti.
Tonti had escaped, and, after untold privations, taken shelter among
the Pottawattamies near Green Bay. These were friendly to the French.
One of their old chiefs used to say, " There were but three great cap
tains in the world, himself, Tonti and LaSalle."
GENIUS' OF LaSALLE.
We must now return to LaSalle, whose exploits stand out in such
bold relief. He was born in Rouen, France, in 1643. His father was
wealthy, but he renounced his patrimony on entering a college of the
Jesuits, from which he separated and came to Canada a poor man in 1666.
The priests of St. Sulpice, among whom he had a brother, were then the
proprietors of Montreal, the nucleus of which was a seminary or con
vent founded by that order. The Superior granted to LaSalle a large
tract of land at LaChine, where he established himself in the fur trade.
He was a man of daring genius, and outstripped all his competitors in
exploits of travel and commerce with the Indians. In 1669, he visited
the headquarters of the great Iroquois Confederacy, at Onondaga, in the
heart of New York, and, obtaining guides, explored the Ohio River to
the falls at Louisville.
In order to understand the genius of LaSalle, it must b,e remembered
that for many years prior to his time the missionaries and traders were
obliged to make their way to the Northwest by the Ottawa River (of
Canada) on account of the fierce hostility of the Iroquois along the lower
lakes and Niagara River, which entirely closed this latter route to the
Upper Lakes. They carried on their commerce chiefly by canoes, pad
dling them through the Ottawa to Lake Nipissing, carrying them across
the portage to French River, and descending that to Lake Huron. This
being the route by which they reached the Northwest, accounts for the
fact that all the earliest Jesuit missions were established in the neighbor
hood of the Upper Lakes. LaSalle conceived the grand idea of opening
the route by Niagara River and the Lower Lakes to Canadian commerce
by sail vessels, connecting it with the navigation of the Mississippi, and
thus opening a magnificent water communication from the Gulf of St.
Lawrence to the Gulf of Mexico. This truly grand and comprehensive
purpose seems to have animated him in all his wonderful achievements
and the matchless difficulties and hardships he surmounted. A» the first
step in the accomplishment of this object he established himself on Lake
Ontario, and built and garrisoned Fort Frontenac, the site of the present

114 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
city of Kingston, Canada. Here he obtained a grant of land from the
French crown and a body of troops by which he beat back the invading
Iroquois and cleared the passage to Niagara Falls. Having by this mas
terly stroke made it safe to attempt a hitherto untried expedition, his
next step, as we have seen, was to advance to the Falls with all his
outfit for building a ship with which to sail the lakes. He was success
ful in this undertaking, though his ultimate purpose was defeated by a
strange combination of untoward circumstances. The Jesuits evidently
hated LaSalle and plotted against him, because he had abandoned them
and co-operated with a rival order. The fur traders were also jealous of
his superior success in opening new channels of commerce. At LaChine
he had taken the trade of Lake Ontario, which but for his presence there
would have gone to Quebec. While they were plodding with their bark
canoes through the Ottawa he was constructing sailing vessels to com
mand the trade of the lakes and the Mississippi. These great plans
excited the jealousy and envy of the small traders, introduced treason and
revolt into the ranks of his own companions, and finally led to the foul
assassination by which his great achievements were prematurely ended.
In 1682, LaSalle, having completed his vessel at Peoria, descended
the Mississippi to its confluence with the Gulf of Mexico. Erecting a
standard on which he inscribed the arms of France, he took formal pos
session of the whole valley of the mighty river, in the name of Louis
XIV., then reigning, in honor of whom he named the country Louisiana.
LaSalle then went to France, was appointed Governor, and returned
with a fleet and immigrants, for the purpose of planting a colony in Illi
nois. They arrived Nin due time in the Gulf of Mexico, but failing to
find' the mouth of the Mississippi, up which LaSalle intended to sail, his
supply ship, with the immigrants, was driven ashore and wrecked on
Matagorda Bay. With the fragments of the vessel he constructed a
stockade and rude huts on the shore for the protection of the immigrants,
calling the post Fort St. Louis. He then made a trip into New Mexico,
in search of silver mines, but, meeting with disappointment, returned to
find his little colony reduced to forty souls. He then resolved to travel
on foot to Illinois, and, starting with his companions, had reached the
valley of the Colorado, near the mouth of Trinity river, when he was
shot by one of his men. This occurred on the 19th of March, 1687.
Dr. J. W. Foster remarks of him : " Thus fell, not far from the banks
of the Trinity, Robert Cavalier de la Salle, one of the grandest charac
ters that ever figured in American history — a man capable of originating
the vastest schemes, and endowed with a will and a judgment capable of
carrying them to successful results. Had ample facilities been placed by
the King of France at his disposal, the result of the colonization of this
continent might have been far different from what we now behold."

?^<z>& y^^^y^

BELVIDERE.

HISTORY OP THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 115

EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
A temporary settlement was made at Fort St. Louis, or the old Kas
kaskia village, on the Illinois River, in what is now LaSalle County, in
1682. In 1690, this was removed, with the mission connected with it, to
Kaskaskia, on the river of that name, emptying into the lower Mississippi
in St. Clair County. Cahokia was settled about the same time, or at
least, both of these settlements began in the year 1690, though it is now
pretty well settled that Cahokia is the older place, and ranks as the oldest
permanent settlement in Illinois, as well as in the Mississippi Valley.
The reason for the removal of the old Kaskaskia settlement and mission,
was probably because the dangerous and difficult route by Lake Michigan
and the Chicago portage had been almost abandoned, and travelers and
traders passed down and up the Mississippi by the Fox and Wisconsin
River route. They removed to the vicinity of the Mississippi in order
to be in the line of travel from Canada to Louisiana, that is, the lower
part of it, for it was 'all Louisiana then south of the lakes.
During the period of French rule in Louisiana, the population prob
ably never exceeded ten thousand, including whites and blacks. Within
that portion of it now included in Indiana, trading posts were established
at the principal Miami villages whieh stood on the head waters of the
Maumee, the Wea villages situated at Ouiatenon, on the Wabash, and
the Piankeshaw villages at Post Vincennes ; all of which were probably
visited by French traders and missionaries before the close of the seven
teenth, century.
In the vast territory claimed by the French, many settlements of
considerable importance had sprung up. Biloxi, on Mobile Bay, had
been founded by DTberville, in 1699 ; Antoine de Lamotte Cadillac had
founded Detroit in 1701 ; and New Orleans had been founded by Bien
ville, under the auspices of the Mississippi Company, in 1718. In Illi
nois also, considerable settlements had been made, so that in 1730 they
embraced one hundred ahd forty French families, about six hundred " con
verted Indians," and many traders and voyageurs. In that portion of the
country, on the east side of the Mississippi, there were five distinct set
tlements, with their respective villages, viz. : Cahokia, near the mouth
of Cahokia Creek and about five miles below the present city of St.
Louis ; St. Philip, about forty-five miles below Cahokia, and four miles
above Fort Chartres; Fort Chartres, twelve miles above Kaskaskia;
Kaskaskia, situated on the Kaskaskia River, five miles above its conflu
ence with the Mississippi ; and Prairie du Rocher, near Fort Chartres.
To these must be added St. Genevieve and St. Louis, on the west side
of the Mississippi. These, with the exception of St. Louis, are among

116

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.

K
H5

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 117
the oldest French towns in the Mississippi Valley. Kaskaskia, in its best
days, was a town of some two or three thousand inhabitants. After it
passed from the crown of France its population for many years did not
exceed fifteen hundred. Under British rule, in 1773, the population had
decreased to four hundred and fifty. As early as 1721, the Jesuits had
established a college and a monastery in Kaskaskia.
Fort Chartres was first built under the direction of the Mississippi
Company, in 1718, by M. de Boisbraint, a military officer, under command
of Bienville. It stood on the east bank of the Mississippi, about eighteen
miles below Kaskaskia, and was for some time the headquarters of the
military commandants of the district of Illinois.
In the Centennial Oration of Dr. Fowler, delivered at Philadelphia,
by appointment of Gov. Beveridge, we find some interesting facts with
regard to the State of Illinois, which we appropriate in this history :
In 1682 Illinois became a possession of the French crown, a depend
ency of Canada, and a part of Louisiana. In 1765 the English flag was
run up on old Fort Chartres, and Illinois was counted among the treas
ures of Great Britain.
In 1779 it was taken from the English by Col. George Rogers Clark.
This man was resolute in nature, wise in council, prudent in policy, bold
in action, and heroic in danger. Few men who have figured in the his
tory of America are more deserving than this colonel. Nothing short of
first-class ability could have rescued Vincens and all Illinois from the
English. And it is not possible to over-estimate the influence of this
achievement upon the republic. In 1779 Illinois became a part of Vir
ginia. It was soon known as Illinois County. In 1784 Virginia ceded
all this territory to the general government, to be cut into States, to be
republican in form, with " the same right of sovereignty, freedom, and
independence as the other States."
In 1787 it was the object of the wisest and ablest legislation found
in any merely human records. No man can study the secret history of
THE "COMPACT OF 1787,"
and not feel that Providence was guiding with sleepless eye these unborn
States. The ordinance that on July 13, 1787, finally became the incor
porating act, has a most marvelous history. Jefferson had vainly tried
to secure a system of government for the northwestern territory. He
was an emancipationist of that day, and favored the exclusion of slavery
from the territory Virginia had ceded to the general government; but
the South voted him down as often as it came up. In 1787, as late as
July 10, an organizing act without the anti-slavery clause was pending.
This concession to the South was expected to carry it. Congress was in

118 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
session in New York City. On July 5, Rev. Dr. Manasseh Cutler, of
Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the northwestern terri
tory. Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe.
The state of the public credit, the growing of Southern prejudice,
the basis of his mission, his personal character, all combined to complete
one of those sudden and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that
once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the
breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a graduate of Yale — received his
A.M. from Harvard, and his D.D. from Yale. He had studied and taken
degrees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. He
had thus America's best indorsement. He had published a scientific
examination of the plants of New England. His name stood second only
to that of Franklin as a scientist in America. He was a courtly gentle
man of the old style, a man of commanding presence, and of inviting
face. The Southern members said they had never seen such a gentleman
in the North. He came representing a company that desired to purchase
a tract of land now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a colony.
It was a speculation. Government money was worth eighteen cents on
the dollar. This Massachusetts company had collected enough to pur
chase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in New York made
Dr. Cutler their agent (lobbyist). On the 12th he represented a demand
for 5,500,000 acres. This would reduce the national debt. Jefferson
and Virginia were regarded as authority concerning the land Virginia
had just ceded. -Jefferson's policy wanted to provide for the public credit,
and this was a good opportunity to do something.
Massachusetts then owned the territory of Maine, which she was
crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the northwestern
region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught the inspira
tion, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The English minister invited him to
'dine with some of the Southern gentlemen. He was the center of interest.
The entire South rallied round him. Massachusetts could not vote
against him, because many of the constituents' of her members were
interested personally in the western speculation. Thus Cutler, making
friends with the South, and, doubtless, using all the arts of the lobby,
was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convictions, he
dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise states
manship that has ever adorned any human law book. He borrowed from
Jefferson the term " Articles of Compact," which, preceding the federal
constitution, rose into the most sacred character. He then followed very
closely the constitution of Massachusetts, adopted three years before.
Its most marked points were :
1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever.
2. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a seminary,

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 119
and every section numbered 16 in each township ; that is, one-thirty-sixth
of all the land, for public schools.
3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or the
enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts.
. Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that " Religion,
morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the
happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall always
be encouraged." Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield.
Giving his unqualified declaration that it was that or nothing — that unless
they could make the land desirable they did not want it — he took his
horse and buggy, and started for the constitutional convention in Phila
delphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was
unanimously adopted, every Southern member voting for it, and only one
man, Mr. Yates, of New York, voting against it. But as the States voted
as States, Yates lost his vote, and the compact was put beyond repeal.
Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wis
consin — a vast empire, the heart of the great valley — were consecrated
to freedom, intelligence, and honesty. Thus the great heart of the nation
was prepared for a year and a day and an hour. In the light of these eighty-
nine years I affirm that this act was the salvation of the republic and the
destruction of slavery. Soon the South saw their great blunder, and
tried to repeal the compact. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee
of which John Randolph was chairman. He reported that this ordinance
was a compact, and opposed repeal. Thus it stood a rock, in the way
of the on-rushing sea of slavery.
With all this timely aid it was, after all, a most desperate and pro
tracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois sacred to freedom. It was
the natural battle-field for the irrepressible conflict. In the southern end
of the State slavery preceded the compact. It existed among the old
French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. The southern part of the
State was settled from the slave States, and this population brought their
laws, customs, and institutions with them. A stream of population from
the North poured into the northern part of the State. These sections
misunderstood and hated each other perfectly. The Southerners regarded
the Yankees as a skinning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the
country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The North
erner thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing
in a hut, and rioting in whisky, dirt and ignorance. These causes aided
in making the struggle long and bitter. So strong was the sympathy
with slavery that, in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and in spite of the
deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old French settlers to
retain their slaves. Planters from the slave States might bring their

120 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
slaves, if they would give them a chance to choose freedom or years
of service and bondage for their children till they should become
thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State
in sixty days or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offenses
for which white men are fined. Each lash paid forty cents of the fine. A
negro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous
laws were imported from the slave States just as they imported laws fof
the inspection of flax and wool when there was neither ih the State.
These Black Laws are now wiped out. A vigorous effort was made
to protect slavery in the State Constitution of 1817. It barely failed.
It was renewed in 1825, when a convention was asked to make a new
constitution. After a hard fight the convention was defeated. But
slaves did not disappear from the census of tlie State until 1850. There
were mobs and murders in the interest of slavery. Lovejoy was added
to the list of martyrs — a sort of first-fruits of that long life of immortal
heroes who saw freedom as the one supreme desire of their souls, and
were so enamored of her that they preferred to die rather than survive her.
The population of 12,282 that occupied the territory in A.D. 1800,
increased to 45,000 in A.D. 1818, when the State Constitution was
adopted, and Illinois took her place in the Union, with a star on the flag
and two votes in the Senate.
Shadrach Bond was the first Governor, and in his first message he
recommended the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal.
The simple economy in those days is seen in the fact that the entire
bill for stationery for the first Legislature was only $13.50. Yet this
simple body actually enacted a very superior code.
There was no money in the territory before the war of 1812. Deer
skins and coon skins were the circulating medium. In 1821, the Legis
lature ordained a State Bank on the credit of the State. It issued notes
in the likeness of bank bills. These notes were made a legal tender for
every thing, and the bank was ordered to loan to the people $100 on per
sonal security, and more on mortgages. They actually passed a resolu
tion requesting the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States to
receive these notes for land. The old French Lieutenant Governor, Col.
Menard, put the resolution as follows : " Gentlemen of the Senate : It is
moved and seconded dat de notes of dis bank be made land-office money.
All in favor of dat motion say aye ; all against it say no. It is decided
in de affirmative. Now, gentlemen, I bet you one hundred dollar he
never be land-office money ! " Hard sense, hke hard money, is always
above par.
This old Frenchman presents a fine figure up against the dark back
ground of most of his nation. They made no progress. They clung to
their earliest and simplest implements. They never wore hats or cap?

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 121
They pulled their blankets over their heads in the winter like the Indians,
with whom they freely intermingled.
Demagogism had an early development. One John Grammar (only
in name), elected to the Territorial and State Legislatures of 1816 and
1836, invented the policy of opposing every new thing, saying, " If it
succeeds, no one will ask who voted against it. If it proves a failure,, he
could quote its record." In sharp contrast with Grammar was the char
acter of D. P. Cook, after whom the county containing Chicago was
named. Such was his transparent integrity and remarkable ability that
his will was almost the law of the State. In Congress, a young man,
and from a poor State, he was made Chairman of the Ways and Means
Committee. He was pre-eminent for standing by his committee, regard
less of consequences. It was his integrity that elected John Quincy
Adams to the Presidency. There were four candidates in 1824, Jackson,
Clay, Crawford, and John Quincy Adams. There being no choice by the
people, the election was thrown into the House. It was so balanced that
it turned on his vote, and that he cast for Adams, electing him ; then
went home to face the wrath of the Jackson party in Illinois. It cost
him all but character and greatness. It is a suggestive comment on the
times, that there was no legal interest till 1830. It often reached 150
per cent., usually 50 per cent. Then it was reduced to 12, and now to
10 per cent.
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE PRAIRIE STATE.
In area the State has 55,410 square miles of territory. It is about
150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from Maine to
North Carolina. It embraces wide variety of climate. It is tempered
on the north by the great inland, saltless, tideless sea, which keeps the
thermometer from either extreme. Being a table land, from 600 to 1,600
feet above the level of the sea, one is prepared to find on the health
maps, prepared by the general government, an almost clean and perfect
record. In freedom from fever and malarial diseases and consumptions,
the three deadly enemies of the American Saxon, Illinois, as a State,
stands without a superior. She furnishes one of the essential conditions
of a great people — sound bodies. I suspect that this fact lies back of
that old Delaware word, Illini, superior men.
The great battles of history that have been determinative of dynas
ties and destinies have been strategical battles, chiefly the question of
position. Thermopylae has been the war-cry of freemen for twenty-four
centuries. It only tells how much there may be in position. All this
advantage belongs to Illinois. It is in the heart of the greatest valley in
the world, the vast region between the mountains — a valley that could

122 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
feed mankind for one thousand years. It is well on toward the center of
the continent. It is in the great temperate belt, in which have been
found nearly all the aggressive civilizations of history, It has sixty-five
miles of frontage on the head of the lake. With the Mississippi forming
the western and southern boundary, with the Ohio running along the
southeastern hne, with the Illinois River and Canal dividing the State
diagonally from the lake to the Lower Mississippi, and with the Rock and
Wabash Rivers furnishing altogether 2,000 miles of water-front, con
necting with, and running through, in all about 12,000 miles of navi
gable water.
But this is not all. These waters are made most available by the
fact that the lake and the State lie on the ridge running into the great
valley from the east. Within cannon-shot of the lake the water runs
away from the lake to the Gulf. The lake now empties at both ends,
one into the Atlantic and one into the Gulf of Mexico. The lake thus
seems to hang over the land. This makes the dockage most serviceable ;
there are no steep banks to damage it. Both lake and river are made
for use. The climate varies from Portland to Richmond ; it favors every pro
duct of the continent, including the tropics, with less than half a dozen
exceptions. It produces every great nutriment of the world except ban
anas and rice. It is hardly too much to say that it is the most productive
spot known to civilization. With the soil full of bread and the earth full
of minerals ; with an upper surface of food and an under layer of fuel ;
with perfect natural drainage, and abundant springs , and streams and
navigable rivers ; half way between the forests of the North and the fruits
of the South ; within a day's ride of the great deposits of iron, coal, cop
per, lead, and zinc ; containing and controlling the great grain, cattle,
pork, and lumber markets of the world, it is not strange that Illinois has
the advantage of position.
This advantage has been supplemented by the character of the popu
lation. In the early days when Illinois was first admitted to the Union,
her population were chiefly from Kentucky and Virginia. But, in the
conflict of ideas concerning slavery, a strong tide of emigration came in
from the East, and soon changed this composition. In 1870 her non-
native population were from colder soils. New York furnished 133,290 ;
Ohio gave 162,623; Pennsylvania sent on 98,352; the entire South gave
us only 206,734. In all her cities, and in all her German and Scandina
vian and other foreign colonies, Illinois has only about one-fifth of her
people of foreign birth.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 123

PROGRESS OF DEVELOPMENT.
One of the greatest elements in the early development of Illinois is
the Illinois and Michigan Canal, connecting the Illinois and Mississippi
Rivers with the lakes. It was of the utmost importance to the State.
It was recommended by Gov. Bond, the first governor, in his first message.
In 1821, the Legislature appropriated $10,000 for surveying the route.
Two bright young engineers surveyed it, and estimated the cost at
$600,000 or $700,000. It finally cost $8,000,000. In 1825, a law was
passed to incorporate the Canal Company, but no stock was sold. In
1826, upon the solicitation of Cook, Congress gave 800,000 acres of land
on the line of the work. In 1828, another law — commissioners appointed,
and work commenced with new survey and new estimates. In 1834-35,
George Farquhar made an able report on the whole matter. This was,
doubtless, the ablest report ever made to a western legislature, and it
became the model for subsequent reports and action. From this the
work went on till it was finished in 1848. It cost the State a large
amount of money ; but it gave to the industries of the State an impetus
that pushed it up into the first rank of greatness. It was not built as a
speculation any more than a doctor is employed on a speculation. But
it has paid into the Treasury of the State an average annual net sum of
over $111,000.
Pending the construction of the canal, the land and town-lot fever
broke out in the State, in 1834-35. It took on the malignant type in
Chicago, lifting the town up into a city. The disease spread over the
entire State and adjoining States. It was epidemic. It cut up men's
farms without regard to locality, and cut up the purses of the purchasers
without regard to consequences. It is estimated that building lots enough
were sold in Indiana alone to accommodate every citizen then in the
United States.
Towns and cities were exported to the Eastern market by the shipT
load. There was no lack of buyers. Every up-ship came freighted with
speculators and their money.
This distemper seized upon the Legislature in 1836-37, and left not
one to tell the tale. They enacted a system of internal improvement
without a parallel in the grandeur of its conception. * They ordered the
construction of 1,300 miles of railroad, crossing the State in all direc
tions. This was surpassed by the river and canal improvements.
There were a few counties not touched by either railroad or river or
canal, and those were to be comforted and compensated by the free dis
tribution of $200,000 among them. To inflate this balloon beyond cre
dence it was ordered that work should be commenced on both ends of

124 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
each of these railroads and rivers, and at each river-crossing, all at the
same time. The appropriations for these vast improvements were over
$12,000,000, and commissioners were appointed to borrow the money on
the credit of the State. Remember that all this was in tlie early days of
railroading, when railroads were luxuries ; that the State had whole
counties with scarcely a cabin ; and that the population of the State was
less than 400,000, and you can form some idea of the vigor with which
these brave men undertook the work of making a great State. In the
light of history I am compelled to say that this was only a premature
throb of the power that actually slumbered in the soil of the State. It
was Hercules in the cradle.
At this juncture the State Bank loaned its funds largely to Godfrey
Gilman & Co., and to other leading houses, for the purpose of drawing
trade from St. Louis to Alton. Soon they failed, and took down the
bank with them.
In 1840, all hope seemed gone. A population of 480,000 were loaded
with a debt of $14,000,000. It had only six small cities, really only
towns, namely: Chicago, Alton, Springfield, Quincy, Galena, Nauvoo.
This debt was to be cared for when there was not a dollar in the treas
ury, and when the State had borrowed itself out of all credit, and when
there was not good money enough in the hands of all the people to pay
the interest of the debt for a single year. Yet, in the presence of all
these difficulties, the young State steadily refused to repudiate. Gov.
Ford took hold of the problem and solved it, bringing the State through
in triumph. Having touched lightly upon some of the more distinctive points in
the history of the development of Illinois, let us next briefly consider the
MATERIAL RESOURCES OF THE STATE.
It is a garden four hundred miles long and one hundred and fifty
miles wide. Its soil is chiefly a black sandy loam, from six inches to
sixty feet thick. On the American bottoms it has been cultivated for
one hundred and fifty years without renewal. About the old French
towns it has yielded corn for a century and a half without rest or help.
It produces nearly everything green in the temperate and tropical zones.
She leads all other 'States in the number of acres actually under plow.
Her products from 25,000,000 of acres are incalculable. Her mineral
wealth is scarcely second to her agricultural power. She has coal, iron,
lead, copper, zinc, many varieties of building stone, fire clay, cuma clay,
common brick clay, sand of all kinds, gravel, mineral paint — every thing
needed for a high civilization. Left to herself, she has the elements of
all greatness. The single item of coal is too vast for an appreciative

ft ft ft ft a

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 125
handling in figures. We can handle it in general terms like algebraical
signs, but long before we get up into the millions and billions the human
mind drops down from comprehension to mere symbolic apprehension.
When I tell you that nearly four-fifths of the entire State is under
laid with a deposit of coal more than forty feet thick on the average (now
estimated, by recent surveys, at seventy feet thick), you can get some
idea of its amount, as you do of the amount of the national debt. There
it is ! 41,000 square miles — one vast mine into which you could put
any of the States ; in which you could bury scores of European and
ancient empires, and have room enough all round to work without know
ing that they had been sepulchered there.
Put this vast coal-bed down by the other great coal deposits of the
world, and its importance becomes manifest. Great Britain has 12,000
square miles of coal; Spain, 3,000; France, 1,719; Belgium, 578; Illinois
about twice as many square miles as all combined. Virginia has 20,000
square miles ; Pennsylvania, 16,000 ; Ohio, 12,000. Illinois has 41,000
square miles. One-seventh of all the known coal on this continent is in
Illinois. Could we sell the coal in this single State for one-seventh of one cent
a ton it would pay fhe national debt. Converted into power, even with
the wastage in our common engines, it would do more work than could
be done by the entire race, beginning at Adam's wedding and working
ten hours a day through all the centuries till the present time, and right
on into the future at the same rate for the next 600,000 years.
Great Britain uses enough mechanical power to-day to give to each
man, woman, and child in the kingdom the help and service of nineteen
untiring servants. No wonder she has leisure and luxuries. No wonder
the home of the common artisan has in it more luxuries than could be
found in the palace of good old King Arthur. Think, if you can conceive
of it, of the vast army of servants that slumber in the soil of Illinois,
impatiently awaiting the call of Genius to come forth to minister to our
comfort. At the present rate of consumption England's coal supply will be
exhausted in 250 years. When this is gone she must transfer her dominion
either to the Indies, or to British America, which I would not resist ; or
to some other people, which I would regret as a loss to oivilization.
COAL IS KING.
At the same rate of consumption (which far exceeds our own) the
deposit of coal in Illinois will last 120,000 years. And her kingdom shall
be an everlasting kingdom.
Let us turn now from this reserve power to the annual products of

126 . HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
the State. We shall not be humiliated in this field. Here we strike the
secret of our national credit. Nature provides a market in the constant
appetite of the race. Men must eat, and if we can furnish the provisions
we can command the treasure. All that a man hath will he give for his
hfe. According to the last census Illinois produced 30,000,000 of- bushels
of wheat. That is more wheat than was raised by any other State in the
Union. She raised In 1875, 130,000,000 of bushels of corn — twice as
much as any other State, and one-sixth of all the corn raised in the United
States. She harvested 2,747,000 tons of hay, nearly one-tenth of all the
hay in the Republic. It is not generally appreciated, but it is true, that
the hay crop of the country is worth more than the cotton crop. The
hay of Illinois equals the cotton of Louisiana. Go to Charleston, S. C,
and see them peddling handfuls of hay or grass, almost as a curiosity,
as we regard Chinese gods or the cryolite of Greenland; drink your
coffee and condensed milk; and walk back from the coast for many a
league through the sand and burs till you get up into the better atmos
phere of the mountains, without seeing a waving meadow Or a grazing
herd ; then you will begin to appreciate the meadows of the Prairie State,
where the grass often grows sixteen feet high.
The value of her farm implements is $211,000,000, and the value of
her live stock is only second to the great State of New York. in 1875
she had 25,000,000 hogs, and packed 2,113,845, about one-half of all that
were packed in the United States. This is no insignificant item. Pork
is a growing demand of the old world. Since the laborers of Europe
have gotten a taste of our bacon, and we have learned how to pack it dry
in boxes, like dry goods, the world has become the market.
The hog is on the march into the future. His nose is ordained to
uncover the secrets of dominion, and his feet shall be guided by the star
of empire. Illinois marketed $57,000,000 worth of slaughtered animals — more
than any other State, and a seventh of all the States.
Be patient with me, and pardon my pride, and I will give you a list
of some of the things in which Illinois excels all other States.
Depth and richness of soil ; per cent, of good ground ; acres of
improved land ; large farms — some farms contain from 40,000 to 60,000
acres of cultivated land, 40,000 acres of corn on a single farm ; number of
farmers ; amount of wheat, corn, oats and honey produced ; value of ani
mals for slaughter ; number of hogs ; amount of pork ; number of horses
— three times as many as Kentucky, the horse State.
Illinois excels all other States in miles of railroads and in miles of
postal service, and in money orders sold per annum, and in the amount of
lumber sold in her markets.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. . 127
Illinois is only second in many important matters. This sample list
comprises a few of the more important : Permanent school fund (good
for a young state) ; total inco'me for educational purposes ; number of pub
lishers of books, maps, papers, etc.; value of farm products and imple
ments, and of live stock ; in tons of coal mined.
The shipping of Illinois is only second to New York. Out of one
port during the business hours of the season of navigation she sends forth
a vessel every ten minutes. This does not include canal boats, whieh go
one every five minutes. No wonder she is only second in number of
bankers and brokers or in physicians and surgeons.
She is third in colleges, teachers and schools ; cattle, lead, hay,
flax, sorghum and beeswax.
She is fourth in population, jn children enrolled in public schools, in
law schools, in butter, potatoes and carriages.
She is, fifth in value of real and personal property, in theological
seminaries and colleges exclusively for women, in milk sold, and in boots
and shoes manufactured, and in book-binding.
She is only seventh in the production of wood, while she is the
twelfth in area. Surely that is well done for the Prairie State. She now
has much more wood and growing timber than she had thirty years ago.
A few leading industries will justify emphasis. She. manufactures
$205,000,000 worth of goods, which places her well up toward New York
and Pennsylvania; The number of her manufacturing establishments
increased from 1860 to 1870, 300 per cent.; capital employed increased 350
per cent., and the amount of product increased 400 per cent. She issued
5,500,000 copies of commercial and financial newspapers — only second to
New York. She has 6,759 miles of railroad, thus leading all other States,
worth $636,458,000, using 3,245 engines, and 67,712 cars, making a train
long enough to cover one-tenth of the entire roads of the State. Her
stations are only five miles apart. She carried last year 15,795,000 passen
gers, an average of 36f miles, or equal to taking her entire population twice
across the State. More than two-thirds of her land is within five miles of
a railroad, and less than two per cent, is more than fifteen miles away.
The State has a large financial interest in the Illinois Central railroad.
The road was incorporated in 1850, and the State gave each alternate sec
tion for six miles on each side, and doubled the price of the remaining
land, so keeping herself good. The road received 2,595,000 acres of land,
and pays to the State one-seventh of the gross receipts. The State
receives this year $350,000, and has received in all about $7,000,000. It
is practically the people's road, and it has a most able and gentlemanly
management. Add to this the annual receipts from the canal, $111,000,
and a large per cent, of the State tax is provided for.

128 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.

THE RELIGION AND MORALS
of the State keep step with her productions and growth. She was born
of the missionary spirit. It was a minister who secured for her the ordi
nance of 1787, by which she has been saved from slavery, ignorance, and
dishonesty. Rev. Mr. Wiley, pastor of a Scotch congregation in Randolph
County, petitioned the Constitutional Convention of 1818 to recognize
Jesus Christ as king, and the Scriptures as the only necessary guide and
book of law. The convention did not act in the case, and the old Cove
nanters refused to accept citizenship. They never voted until 1824, when
the slavery question was submitted to the people ; then they all voted
against it and cast the determining votes. Conscience has predominated
whenever a great moral question has been submitted to the people.
But little mob violence has ever been felt in the State. In 1817
regulators disposed of a band of horse-thieves that infested the territory.
The Mormon indignities finally awoke the same spirit. Alton was also
the scene of a pro-slavery mob, in which Lovejoy was added to the list of
martyrs. The moral sense of the people makes the law supreme, and gives
to the State unruffled peace.
With $22,300,000 in church property, and 4,298 church organizations,
the State has that divine police, the sleepless patrol of moral ideas, that
alone is able to secure perfect safety. Conscience takes the knife from
the assassin's hand and the bludgeon from the grasp of the highwayman.
We sleep in safety, not because we are behind bolts and bars — these only
fence against the innocent ; not because a lone officer drowses on a distant
corner of a street; not because a sheriff may call his posse from a remote
part of the county ; but because conscience guards the very portals of the
air and stirs in the deepest recesses of the public mind. This spirit issues
within the State 9,500^000 copies of religious papers annually, and receives
still more from without. Thus the crime of the State is only one-fourth
that of New York and one-half that of Pennsylvania.
Illinois never had but one duel between her own citizens. In Belle
ville, in 1820, Alphonso Stewart and William Bennett arranged to vindi
cate injured honor. The seconds agreed to make it a sham, and make
them shoot blanks. Stewart was in the secret. Bennett mistrusted some
thing, and, unobserved, slipped a bullet into his gun and killed Stewart.
He then fled the State. After two years he was caught, tried, convicted,
and, in spite of friends and political aid, was hung. This fixed the code
of honor on a Christian basis, and terminated its use in Illinois.
The early preachers were ignorant men, who were accounted eloquent
according to the strength of their voices. But they set the style for all
public speakers. Lawyers and political speakers followed this rule. Gov.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 129
Ford says: "Nevertheless, these first preachers were of incalculable
benefit to the country. They inculcated justice and morality. To them
are we indebted for the first Christian character of the Protestant portion
of the people."
In education Illinois surpasses her material resources. The ordinance
of 1787 consecrated one thirty-sixth of her soil to common schools, and
the law of 1818, the first law that went upon her statutes, gave three per
cent, of all the rest to EDUCATION.
The old compact secures this interest forever, and by its yoking
morality and intelligence it precludes the legal interference with the Bible
in the public schools. With such a start it is natural that we should have
11,050 schools, and that our illiteracy should be less than New York or
Pennsylvania, and only about one-half of Massachusetts. We are not to
blame for not having more than one-half as many idiots as the great
States. These public schools soon made colleges inevitable. The first
college, still flourishing, was started in Lebanon in 1828, by the M. E.
church, and named after Bishop McKendree. Illinois College, at Jackson
ville, supported by the Presbyterians, followed in 1830. In 1832 the Bap
tists built Shurtleff College, at Alton. Then the Presbyterians built Knox
College, at Galesburg, in 1838, and the Episcopalians built Jubilee College,
at Peoria, in 1847. After these early years colleges have rained down.
A settler could hardly encamp on the prairie but a college would spring
up by his wagon. The State now has one very well endowed and equipped
university, namely, the Northwestern University, at Evanston, with six
colleges, ninety instructors, over 1,000 students, and $1,500,000 endow
ment. Rev. J. M. Peck was the first educated Protestant minister in tne
State. He settled at Rock Spring, in St. Clair County, 1820, and left his
impress on the State. Before 1837 only party papers were published, but
Mr. Peck published a Gazetteer of Illinois. Soon after John Russell, of
Bluffdale, published essays and tales showing genius. Judge James Hall
published The Illinois Monthly Magazine with great ability, and an annual
called The Western Souvenir, which gave him an enviable fame all over the
United States. From these beginnings Illinois h^is gone on till she has
more volumes in public libaaries even than Massachusetts, and of the
44,500,000 volumes in all the public libraries of the United States, she
has one-thirteenth. In newspapers she stands fourth. Her increase is
marvelous. In 1850 she issued 5,000,000 copies; in 1860, 27,590,000 ; in
1870, 113,140,000. In 1860 she had eighteen colleges and seminaries ; in
1870 she had eighty. That is a grand advance for the war decade.
This brings us to a record unsurpassed in the history of any age,

130 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.

THE WAR RECORD OF ILLINOIS.
I hardly know where to begin, or how to advance, or what to say. I
can at best give you .only a broken synopsis of her deeds, and you must
put them in the order of glory for yourself. Her sons have always been
foremost on fields of danger. In 1832-33, at the call of Gov. Reynolds,
her sons drove Blackhawk over the Mississippi.
When the Mexican war came, in May, 1846, 8,370 men offered them
selves when only 3,720 could be accepted. The fields of Buena Vista and
Vera Cruz, and the storming of Cerro Gordo, will carry the glory of Illinois
soldiers along after the infamy of the cause they served has been forgotten.
But it was reserved till our day for her sons to find a field and cause and
foemen that could fitly illustrate their spirit and heroism. Illinois put
into her own regiments for the United States government 256,000 men,
and into the army through other States enough to swell the number to
290,000. This far exceeds all the soldiers of the federal government in
all the war of the revolution. Her total years of service were over 600,000.
She enrolled men from eighteen to forty-five years of age when the law
of Congress in 1864 — the test time — only asked for those from twenty to
forty-five. Her enrollment was otherwise excessive. Her people wanted
to go, and did not take the pains to correct the enrollment. Thus the
basis of fixing the quota was too great, and then the quota itself, at least
in the trying time, was far above any other State.
Thus the demand on some counties, as Monroe, for example, took every
able-bodied man in the county, and then did not have enough to fill the
quota. Moreover, Illinois sent 20,844 men for ninety or one hundred days,
for whom no credit was asked. When Mr. Lincoln's attention was called
to the inequality of the quota compared with other States, he replied,
" The country needs the sacrifice. We must put the whip on the free
horse." In spite of all these disadvantages Illinois gave to the country
73,000 years of service above all calls. With one-thirteenth of the popu
lation of the loyal States, she sent regularly one-tenth of all the soldiers,
and in the peril of the closing calls, when patriots were few and weary,
she then sent one-eighth of all that were called for by her loved and hon
ored son in the white house. Her mothers and daughters went into the
fields to raise the grain and keep the children together, while the fathers
and older sons went to the harvest fields of the world. I knew a father
and four sons who agreed that one of them must stay at home ; and they
pulled straws from a stack to see who might go. The father was left.
The next day he came into the camp, saying : " Mother says she can get
the crops in, and I am going, too." I know large Methodist churches
from which every male member went to the army. Do you want to know

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 131
what these heroes from Illinois did in the field ? Ask any soldier with a
good record of his own, who is thus able to judge, and he will tell you
that the Illinois men went in to win. It is common history that the greater
victories were won in the West. When everything else looked dark Illi
nois was gaining victories all down the river, and dividing the confederacy.
Sherman took with him on his great march forty-five regiments of Illinois
infantry, three companies of artillery, and one company of cavalry. He
could not avoid
GOING TO THE SEA.
If he had been killed, I doubt not the men would have gone right on.
Lincoln answered all rumors of Sherman's defeat with, " It is impossible ;
there is a mighty sight of fight in 100,000 Western men." Illinois soldiers
brought home 300 battle-flags. The first United States flag that floated
over Richmond was an Illinois flag. She sent messengers and nurses to
every field and hospital, to care for her sick and wounded sons. She said,
" These suffering ones are my sons, and I will care for them."
When individuals had given all, then cities and towns came forward
with their credit to the extent of many millions, to aid these men and
their families.
Illinois gave the country the great general of the war — Ulysses S.
Grant; — since honored with two terms of the Presidency of the United
States. One other name from Illinois comes up in all minds, embalmed ih all
hearts, that must have the supreme place in this story of our glory and
of our nation's honor ; that name is Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois.
The analysis of Mr. Lincoln's character is difficult on account of its
symmetry. In this age we look with admiration at his uncompromising honesty.
And well we may, for this saved us. Thousands throughout the length
and breadth of our country who knew him only as " Honest Old Abe,"
voted for him on that account ; and wisely did they choose, for no other
man could have carried us through the fearful night of the war. When
his plans were too vast for our comprehension, and his faith in the cause
too sublime for our participation ; when it was all night about us, and all
dread before us, and all sad and desolate behind us ; when not one ray
shone upon our cause ; when traitors were haughty and exultant at the
South, and fierce and blasphemous at the North ; when the loyal men here
seemed almost in the minority ; when the stoutest heart quailed, the bravest
cheek paled ; when generals were defeating each other for place, and
contractors were leeching out the very heart's blood of the prostrate
republic : when every thing else had failed us, we looked at this calm,
patient man standing like a rock in the storm, and said : " Mr. Lincoln

132 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. i
is honest, and we can trust him still." Holding to this single point with
the energy of faith and despair we held together, and, under God, he
brought us through to victory.
His practical wisdom made him the wonder of all lands. With such
certainty did Mr. Lincoln follow causes to their ultimate effects, that his
foresight of contingencies seemed almost prophetic.
He is radiant with all the great virtues, and his memory shall shed a
glory upon this age that shall fill the eyes of men as they look into his
tory. Other men have excelled him in some point, but, taken at all
points, all in all, he stands head and shoulders above every other man of
6,000 years. An administrator, he saved the nation in the perils of
unparalleled civil war. A statesman, he justified his measures by their
success. A philanthropist, he gave liberty to one race and salvation to
another. A moralist, he bowed from the summit of human power to the
foot of the Cross, and became a Christian. A mediator, he exercised mercy
under the most absolute abeyance to law. A leader, he was no partisan.
A commander, he was untainted with blood. A ruler in desperate times,
he was unsullied with crime. A man, he has left no word of passion, no
thought of malice, no trick of craft, no act of jealousy, no purpose of
selfish ambition. Thus perfected, without a model, and without a peer,
he was dropped into these troubled years to adorn and embellish all that
is good and all that is great in our humanity, and to present to all coming
time the representative of the divine idea of free government.
It is not too much to say that away down in the future, when the
republic has fallen from its niche in the wall of time ; when the great
war itself shall have faded out in the distance like a mist on the horizon ;
when the Anglo-Saxon language shall be spoken only by the tongue of
the stranger ; then the generations looking this way shall see the great
president as the supreme figure in this vortex of historv
CHICAGO.
It is impossible in our brief space to give more than a meager sketch
of such a city as Chicago, which is in itself the greatest marvel of the
Prairie State. This mysterious, majestic, mighty city, born first of water,
and next of fire ; sown in weakness, and raised in power ; planted among
the willows of the marsh, and crowned with the glory of the mountains ;
sleeping on the bosom of the prairie, and rocked on the bosom of the sea ;
the youngest city of the world, and still the eye of the prairie, as Damas
cus, the oldest city of the world, is the eye of the desert. With a com
merce far exceeding that of Corinth on her isthmus, in the highway to
the East ; with the defenses of a continent piled around her by the thou
sand miles, making her far safer than Rome on the banks of the Tiber ;

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.

133

134 HISTORY OF THE STATE OP ILLINOIS.
with schools eclipsing Alexandria and Athens ; with liberties more con
spicuous than those of the old republics ; with a heroism equal to the first
Carthage, and with a sanctity scarcely second to that of Jerusalem — set
your thoughts on all this, lifted into the eyes of all men by the miracle of
its growth, illuminated by the flame of its fall, and transfigured by the
divinity of its resurrection, and you will feel, as I do, the utter impossi
bility of compassing this subject as it deserves. Some impression of her
importance is received from the shock her burning gave to the civilized
world. When the doubt of her calamity was removed, and ' the horrid fact
was accepted, there went a shudder over all cities, and a quiver over all
lands. There was scarcely a town in the civilized world that did not
shake on the brink of this opening chasm. The flames of our homes red
dened all skies. The city was set upon a hill, and could not be hid. All
eyes were turned upon it. To have struggled and suffered amid the
scenes of its fall is as distinguishing as to have fought at Thermopylae, or
Salamis, or Hastings, or Waterloo, or Bunker Hill.
Its calamity amazed the world, because it was felt to be the common
property of mankind.
The early history of the city is full of interest, just as the early his
tory of such a man as Washington or Lincoln becomes public property,
and is cherished by every patriot.
Starting with 560 acres in 1833, it embraced and occupied 23,000
acres in 1869, and, having now a population of more than 500,000, it com
mands general attention.
The first settler — Jean Baptiste Pointe au Sable, a mulatto from the
West Indies — came and began trade with the Indians in 1796. John
Kinzie became his successor in 1804, in which year Fort Dearborn was
erected. A mere trading-post was kept here from that time till about the time
of the Blackhawk war, in 1832. It was not the city. It was merely a
cock crowing at midnight. The morning was not yet. In 1833 the set
tlement about the fort was incorporated as a town. The voters were
divided on the propriety of such-corporation, twelve voting for it and one
against it. Four years later it was incorporated as a city, and embraced
560 acres.
The produce handled in this city is an indication of its power. Grain
and flour were imported from the East till as late as 1837. The first
exportation by way of experiment was in 1839. Exports exceeded imports
first in 1842. The Board of Trade was organized in 1848, but it was so
weak that it needed nursing till 1855. Grain was purchased by the
wagon-load in the street.
I remember sitting with my father on a load of wheat, in the long

HISTORY OP THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 135
line of wagons along Lake street, while the buyers came and untied the
bags, and examined the grain, and made their bids. That manner of
business had to cease with the day of small things. Now our elevators
will hold 15,000,000 bushels of grain. The cash value of the produce
handled in a year is $215,000,000, and the produce weighs 7,000,000
tons or 700,000 car loads. This handles thirteen and a half ton each
minute, all the year round. One tenth of all the wheat in the United
States is handled in Chicago. Even as long ago as 1853 the receipts of
grain in Chicago exceeded those of the goodly city of St. Louis, and in
1854 the exports of grain from Chicago exceeded those of New York and
doubled those of St. Petersburg, Archangel, or Odessa, the largest grain
markets in Europe.
The manufacturing interests of the city are not contemptible. In
1873 manufactories employed 45,000 operatives ; in 1876,60,000. The
manufactured product in 1875 was worth $177,000,000.
No estimate of the size and power of Chicago would be adequate
that did not put large emphasis on the railroads. Before they came
thundering along, our streets canals were the hope of our country. But
who ever thinks now of traveling by canal packets ? In June, 1852,
there were only forty miles of railroad connected with the city. The
old Galena division of the Northwestern ran out to Elgin. But now,
who can count the trains and measure the roads that seek a terminus or
connection in this city ? The lake stretches away to the north, gathering
in to this center all the harvests that might otherwise pass to the north
of us. If you will take a map and look at the adjustment of railroads,
you will see, first, that Chicago is the great railroad center of the world,
as New York is the commercial city of this continent ; and, second, that
the railroad lines form the iron spokes of a great wheel whose hub is
this city. The lake furnishes the only break in the spokes, and this
seems simply to have pushed a few spokes together on each shore. See
the eighteen trunk lines, exclusive of eastern connections.
Pass round the circle, and view their numbers and extent. There
is the great Northwestern, with all its branches, one branch creeping
along the lake shore, and so reaching to the north, into the Lake Superior
regions, away to the right, and on to the Northern Pacific on the left,
swinging around Green Bay for iron and copper and silver, twelve months
in the year, and reaching out for the wealth of the great agricultural
belt and isothermal line traversed by the Northern Pacific. Another
branch, not so far north, feeling for the heart of the Badger State.
Another pushing lower down the Mississippi — all these make many con
nections, and tapping all the vast wheat regions of Minnesota, Wisconsin,
Iowa, and all the regions this side of sunset. There is that elegant road,
the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, running out a goodly number of

136

HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.

OLD FOET DEAEBOEN, 1830.

PKESENT SITE OF LAKE STREET BKIDGE, CHICAGO, IN 1833.

HISTORY OP THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 137
branches, and reaping the great fields this side of the Missouri River.
I can only mention the Chicago, Alton & St. Louis, our Illinois Central,
described elsewhere, and the Chicago & Rock Island. Further around
we come to the lines connecting us with all the eastern cities. The
Chicago, Indianapolis & St. Louis, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne &
Chicago, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and the Michigan Cen
tral and Great Western, give us many highways to the seaboard. Thus we
reach the Mississippi at five points, from St. Paul to Cairo and the Gulf
itself by two routes. We also reach Cincinnati and Baltimore, and Pitts
burgh and Philadelphia, and New York. North and south run the water
courses of the lakes and the rivers, broken just enough at this point to
make a pass. Through this, frOm east to west, run the long lines that
stretch from ocean to ocean.
This is the neck of the glass, and the golden sands of commerce
must pass into our hands. Altogether we have more than 10,000 miles
of railroad, directly tributary to this city, seeking to unload their wealth
in our coffers. All these roads have come themselves by the infallible
instinct of capital. Not a dollar was ever given by the city to secure
one of them, and only a small per cent, of stock taken originally by her
citizens, and that taken simply «as an investment. Coming in the natural
order of events, they will not be easily diverted.
There is still another showing to all this. The connection between
New York and San Francisco is by the middle route. This passes inevit
ably through Chicago. St. Louis wants tbe Southern Pacific or Kansas
Pacific, and pushes it out through Denver, and so on up to Cheyenne.
But before the road is fairly under way, the Chicago roads shove out to
Kansas City, making even the Kansas Pacific a feeder, and actually leav
ing St. Louis out in the cold. It is not too much to expect that Dakota,
Montana, and Washington Territory will find their great market in Chi
cago. But these are not all. Perhaps I had better notice here the ten or
fifteen new roads that have just entered, or are just entering, our city.
Their names are all that is necessary to give. Chicago & St. Paul, look
ing up the Red River country to the British possessions ; the Chicago,
Atlantic & Pacific ; the Chicago, Decatur & State Line ; the Baltimore &
Ohio ; the Chicago, Danville & Vincennes ; the Chicago & LaSalle Rail
road ; the Chicago, Pittsburgh & Cincinnati ; the Chicago and Canada
Southern ; the Chicago and Illinois River Railroad. These, with their
connections, and with the new connections of the old roads, already in
process of erection, give to Chicago not less than 10,000 miles of new
tributaries from the richest land on the continent. Thus there will be
added to the reserve power, to the capital within reach of this city, not
less than $1,000,000,000.

138 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
Add to all this transporting power the ships that sail one every nine
minutes of the business hours of the season of navigation ; add, also, the
canal boats that leave one every five minutes during the same time — and
you will see something of the business of the city.
THE COMMERCE OF THIS CITY
has been leaping along to keep pace with the growth of the country
around us. In 1852, our commerce reached the hopeful sum of
$20,000,000. In 1870 it reached $400,000,000. In 1871 it was pushed
up above $450,000,000. And in 1875 it touched nearly double that.
One-half of our imported goods come directly to Chicago. Grain
enough is exported directly from our docks to the old world to employ a
semi-weekly line of steamers of 3,000 tons capacity. This branch is
not likely to be greatly developed. Even after the great Welland Canal
is completed we shall have only fourteen feet of water. The great ocean
vessels will continue to control the trade.
The banking capital of Chicago is $24,431,000. Total exchange in
1875, $659,000,000. Her wholesale business in 1875 was $294,000,000.
The rate of taxes is less than in any other„great city.
The schools of Chicago are unsurpassed in America. Out of a popu
lation of 300,000 there were only 186 persons between the ages of six
and twenty-one unable to read. This is the best known record.
In 1831 the mail system was condensed into a half-breed, who went
on foot to Niles, Mich., once in two weeks, and brought back what papers
and news he could find. As late as 1846 there was often only one mail
a week. A post-office was established in Chicago in 1833, and the post
master nailed up old boot-legs on one side of his shop to serve as boxes
for the nabobs and literary men.
It is an interesting fact in the growth of the young city that in the
active life of the business men of that day the mail matter has grown to
a daily average of over 6,500 pounds. It speaks equally well for the
intelligence of the people and the commercial importance of the place,
that the mail matter distributed to the territory immediately tributary to
Chicago is seven times greater than that distributed to the territory
immediately tributary to St. Louis.
The improvements that have characterized the city are as startling
as the city itself. In 1831, Mark Beaubien established a ferry over the
river, and put himself under bonds to carry all the citizens free for the
privilege of charging strangers. Now there are twenty-four large bridges
and two tunnels.
In 1833 the government expended $30,000 on the harbor. Then
commenced that series of manceuvers with the river that has made it one

HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS. 139
of the world's curiosities. It used to wind around in the lower end of
the town, and make its way rippling over the sand into the lake at the
foot of Madison street. They took it up and put it down where it now
is. It was a narrow stream, so narrow that even moderately small crafts
had to go up through the willows and cat's tails to the point near Lake
street bridge, and back up one of the branches to get room enough in
which to turn around.
In 1844 the quagmires in the streets were first pontooned by plank
roads, which, acted in wet weather as public squirt-guns. Keeping you
out of the mud, they compromised by squirting the mud over you. The
wooden-block pavements came to Chicago in 1857. In 1840 water was
delivered by peddlers in carts or by hand. Then a twenty-five horse
power engine pushed it through hollow or bored logs along the streets
till 1854, when it was introduced into the houses by new works. The
first fire-engine was used in 1835, and the first steam fire-engine in 1859.
Gas was utilized for lighting the city in 1850. The Young Men's Chris
tian Association was organized in 1858, and horse railroads carried them
to their work in 1859. The museum was opened in 1863. The alarm
telegraph adopted in ,1864. The opera-house built in 1865. The city
grew from 560 acres in 1833 to 23,000 in 1869. In 1834, the taxes
amounted to $48.90, and the trustees of the town borrowed $60 more for
opening and improving streets. In 1835, the legislature authorized a loan
of $2,000, and the treasurer and street commissioners resigned rather than
plunge the town into such a gulf.
Now the city embraces 36 square miles of territory, and has .30 miles
of water front, besides the outside harbor of refuge, of 400 acres, inclosed
by a crib sea-wall. One-third of the city has been raised up an average
of eight feet, giving good pitch to the 263 miles of sewerage. The water
of the city is above all competition. It is received through two tunnels
extending to a crib in the lake two miles from shore. The closest analy
sis fails to detect any impurities, and, received 35 feet below the surface,
it is always clear and cold. The first tunnel is five feet two inches in
diameter and two miles long, and can deliver 50,000,000 of gallons per
day. The second tunnel is seven feet in diameter and six miles long,
running four miles under the city, and can deliver 100,000,000 of gal
lons per day. This water is distributed through 410 miles of water-
mains. The three grand engineering exploits of the city are : First, lifting
the city up on jack-screws, whole squares at a time, without interrupting
the business, thus giving us good drainage ; second, running the tunnels
under the lake, giving us the best water in the world ; and third, the
turning the current of the river in its own channel, delivering us from the
old abominations, and making decency possible. They redound about

140 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
equally to the credit of the engineering, to the energy of the people, and
to the health of the city.
That which really constitutes the city, its indescribable spirit, its soul,
the way it lights up in every feature in the hour of action, has not been
touched. In meeting strangers, one is often surprised how some homely
women marry so well. Their forms are bad, their gait uneven and awk
ward, their complexion is dull, their features are misshapen and mismatch
ed, and when we see them there is no beauty that we should desire them.
But when once they are aroused on some subject, they put on new pro
portions. They light up into great power. The real person comes out
from its unseemly ambush, and captures us at will. They have power.
They have ability to cause things to come to pass. We no longer wonder
why they are in such high demand. So it is with our city.
There is no grand scenery except the two seas, one of water, the
other of prairie. Nevertheless, there is a spirit about it, a push, a breadth,
a power, that soon makes it a place never to be forsaken. One soon
ceases to believe in impossibilities. Balaams are the only prophets that are
disappointed. The bottom that has been on the point of falling out has
been there so long that it has grown fast. It can not fall out. It has all
the capital of the world itching to get inside the corporation.
The two great laws that govern the growth and size of cities are,
first, the amount of territory for which they are the distributing and
receiving points ; second, the number of medium or moderate dealers that
do this distributing. Monopolists build up themselves, not the cities.
They neither eat, wear, nor live in proportion to their business. Both
these laws help Chicago.
The tide of trade is eastward — not up or down the map, but across
the map. The lake runs up a wingdam for 500 miles to gather in the
business. Commerce can not ferry up there for seven months in the year,
and the facilities for seven months can do the work for twelve. Then the
great region west of us is nearly all good, productive land. Dropping
south into the trail of St. Louis, you fall into vast deserts and rocky dis
tricts, useful in holding the world together. St. Louis and Cincinnati,
instead of rivaling and hurting Chicago, are her greatest sureties of
dominion. They are far enough away to give sea-room, — farther off than
Paris is from London, — and yet they, are near enough to prevent the
springing up of any other great city between them.
St. Louis will be helped by the opening of the Mississippi, but also
hurt. That will put New Orleans on her feet, and with a railroad running
over into Texas and so West, she will tap the streams that now crawl up
the Texas and Missouri road. The current is East, not North, and a sea
port at New Orleans can not permanently help St. Louis.
Chicago is in the field almost alone, to handle the wealth of one-

HISTORY OF THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 141
fourth of the territory of this great republic. This strip of seacoast
divides its margins between Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia,
Baltimore and Savannah, or some other great port to be created for the
South in the next decade. But Chicago has a dozen empires casting their
treasures into her lap. On a bed of coal that can run all the machinery
of the world for 500 centuries ; in a garden that can feed the race by the
thousand years ; at the head of the lakes that give her a temperature as a
summer resort equaled by no great city in the land ; with a climate that
insures the health of her citizens ; surrounded by all the great deposits
of natural wealth in mines aud forests and herds, Chicago is the wonder
of to-day, and will be the city of the future.
MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN.
During the war of 1812, Fort Dearborn became the theater of stirring
events. The garrison consisted of fifty-four men under command of
Captain Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm (son-in-law of Mrs.
Kinzie) and Ensign Ronan. Dr. Voorhees was surgeon. The only resi
dents a,t the post at that time were the wives of Captain Heald and Lieu
tenant Helm, and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and
a few Canadian voyageurs, with their wives and children. The soldiers
and Mr. Kinzie were on most friendly terms with the Pottawattamies
and Winnebagos, the principal tribes around them, but they could not
win them from their attachment to the British.
One evening in April, 1812, Mr. Kinzie sat playing on his violin and
his children were dancing to the music, when Mrs. Kinzie came rushing
into the house, pale with terror, and exclaiming : " The Indians ! the
Indians ! " " What ? Where ? " eagerly inquired Mr. Kinzie. " Up
at Lee's, killing and scalping," answered the frightened mother, who,
when the alarm was given, was attending Mrs. Barnes (just confined)
living not far off. Mr. Kinzie and his family crossed the river and took
refuge in the fort, to which place Mrs. Barnes and her infant not a day
old were safely conveyed. The rest of the inhabitants took shelter in the
fort. This alarm was caused by a scalping party of Winnebagos, who
hovered about the fort several days, when they disappeared, and for several
weeks the inhabitants were undisturbed.
On the 7th of August, 1812, General Hull, at Detroit, sent orders to
Captain Heald to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and to distribute all the United
States property to the Indians in the neighborhood — a most insane order.
The Pottawattamie chief, who brought the dispatch, had more wisdom
than the commanding general. He advised Captain Heald not to make
the distribution. Said he : " Leave the fort and stores as they are, and
let the Indians make distribution for themselves; and while they are
engaged in the business, the white people may escape to Fort Wayne."

HISTORY OF THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 143
Captain Heald held a council with the Indians on the afternoon of
the 12th, in which his officers refused to join, for they had been informed
that treachery was designed — that the Indians intended to murder the
white people in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. Captain
Heald, however, took the precaution to open a port-hole displaying a
cannon pointing directly upon the council, and by that means saved
his life. Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Captain Heald not
to confide in their promises, nor distribute the arms and munitions among
them, for it would only put power into their hands to destroy the whites.
Acting upon this advice, Heald resolved to withhold the munitions of
war; and on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other
property had been made, the powder, ball and liquors were thrown into
the river, the muskets broken up and destroyed.
Black Partridge, a friendly chief, came to Captain Heald, and said :
" Linden birds have been singing in my ears to-day: be careful on the
march you are going to take." On that dark night vigilant Indians had
crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of their promised booty
going on within. The next morning the powder was seen floating on the
surface of the river. The savages were exasperated and made loud com
plaints and threats.
On the following day when preparations were making to leaye the
fort, and all the inmates were deeply impressed with a sense of impend
ing danger, Capt. Wells, an uncle of Mrs. Heald, was discovered upon
the Indian trail among the sand-hills on the borders of the lake, not far
distant, with a band of mounted Miamis, of whose tribe he was chief,
having been adopted by the famous Miami warrior, Little Turtle. When
news of Hull's surrender reached Fort Wayne, he had started with this
force to assist Heald in defending Fort Dearborn. He was too late.
Every means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and
arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the morning of the 15th.
It was a warm bright morning in the middle of August. Indications
were positive that the savages intended to murder the white people ; and
when they moved out of the southern gate of the fort, the march was
like a funeral procession. The band, feeling the solemnity of the occa
sion, struck up the Dead March in Saul.
Capt. Wells, who had blackened his face with gun-powder in token
of his fate, 'took the lead with his band of Miamis, followed by Capt.
Heald, with his wife by his side on horseback. Mr. Kinzie hoped by his
personal influence to avert the impending blow, and therefore accompanied
them, leaving his family in a boat in charge of a friendly Indian, to be
taken to his trading station at the site of Niles, Michigan, in the event ot
his death.

144

HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.

HISTORY OF THE STATE OP ILLINOIS. 145
The procession moved slowly along the lake shore till they reached
the sand-hills between the prairie and the beach, when the Pottawattamie
escort, under the leadership of Blackbird, filed to the right, placing those
hills between them and the white people. Wells, with his Miamis, had
kept in the advance. They suddenly came rushing back, Wells exclaim
ing, " They are about to attack us ; form instantly." .These words were
quickly followed by a storm of bullets, which came whistling over the
little hills which the treacherous savages had made the covert for their
murderous attack. The white troops charged upon the Indians, drove
them back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged between fifty-
four soldiers, twelve civilians and three or four women (the cowardly
Miamis having fled at the outset) against five hundred Indian warriors.
The white people, hopeless, resolved to sell their lives as dearly as possible.
Ensign Ronan wielded his weapon vigorously, even after falling upon his
knees weak from the loss of blood. Capt. Wells, who was by the side of
his niece, Mrs. Heald, when the conflict began, behaved with the greatest
coolness and courage. He said to her, " We have not the slightest chance
for life. We must part to meet no more in this world. God bless you."
And then he dashed forward. Seeing a young warrior, painted like a
demon, climb into a wagon in which were twelve children, and tomahawk
them all, he cried out, unmindful of his personal danger, " If that is your
game, butchering women and children, I will kill too." He spurred his
horse towards the .Indian camp, where they had left their squaws and
papooses, hotly pursued by swift-footed young warriors, who sent bullets
whistling after him. One" of these killed his horse and wounded him
severely in the leg. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him
their prisoner and reserve him for torture. He resolved not to be made
a captive, and by the use of the most provoking epithets tried to induce
them to kill him instantly. He called a fiery young chief a s'quaw, when
the enraged warrior killed Wells instantly with his tomahawk, jumped
upon his body, cut out his heart, and ate a portion of the warm morsel
with savage delight !
In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. Mrs. Heald
was an excellent equestrian and an expert in the use of the rifle. She
fought the savages bravely, receiving several severe wounds. Though
faint from the loss of blood, she managed to keep her saddle. A savage
raised his tomahawk to kill her, when she looked him full in the face,
and with a sweet smile and in a gentle voice said, in his own language,
" Surely you will not kill a squaw ! " The arm of the savage fell, and
the life of the heroic woman was saved.
Mrs. Helm, the step-daughter of Mr. Kinzie, had an encounter with
a stout Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side,
she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same instant

146 HISTORY OP THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
seized the savage round the neck with her arms and endeavored to get
hold of his scalping knife, which hung in a sheath at his breast. While
she was thus struggling she was dragged from her antagonist by another
powerful Indian^who bore her, in spite of her struggles, to the margin
of the lake and plunged her in. To her astonishment she was held by
him so that she would not drown, and she soon perceived that she was
in the hands of the friendly Black Partridge, who had saved her life.
The wife of Sergeant" Holt, a large and powerful woman, behaved as
bravely as an Amazon. She rode a fine, high-spirited horse, which the
Indians coveted, and several of them attacked her with the butts of their
guns, for the purpose of dismounting her ; but she used the sword which
she had snatched from her disabled husband so skillfully that she foiled
them ; and, suddenly wheeling her horse, she dashed over the prairie,
followed by the savages shouting, " The brave woman ! the brave woman !
Don't hurt her ! " They finally overtook her, and while she was fighting
them in front, a powerful savage came up behind her, seized her by the
neck and dragged her to the ground. Horse and woman were made
captives. Mrs. Holt was a long time a captive among the Indians, but
was afterwards ransomed.
In this sharp conflict two-thirds of the white people were slain and
wounded, and all their horses, baggage and provision were lost. Only
twenty-eight straggling men now remained to fight five hundred Indians
rendered furious by the sight of blood. They succeeded in breaking
through the ranks of the murderers and gaining a slight eminence on the
prairie near the Oak Woods. The Indians did not pursue, but gathered
on their flanks, while the chiefs held a consultation on the sand-hills, and
showed signs of willingness to parley. It would have been madness on
the part of the whites to renew the fight ; and so Capt. Heald went for
ward and met Blackbird on the open prairie, where terms of surrender
were soon agreed upon. It was arranged that the white people should
give up their arms to Blackbird, and that the survivors should become
prisoners of war, to be exchanged for ransoms as soon as practicable.
With this understanding captives and captors started for the Indian
camp near the fort, to which Mrs. Helm had been taken bleeding and
suffering by Black Partridge, and had met her step-father and learned
that her husband was safe.
A new scene of horror was now opened at the Indian camp. The
wounded, not being included in the terms of surrender, as it was inter
preted by the Indians, and the British general, Proctor, having offered a
liberal bounty for American scalps, delivered at Maiden, nearly all the
wounded men were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was
afterwards paid by the British government.

i i

CIRCUIT CLERK AND RECORDER

HISTORY OE THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.

149

SHABBONA.
This celebrated Indian chief, whose portrait appears in this work,
deserves more than a passing notice. Although Shabbona was not so con
spicuous as Tecumseh or Black Hawk, yet in point of merit he was
superior to either of them.
Shabbona was born at an Indian village on the Kankakee River, now
in Will County, about the year 1775. While young he was made chief of
the band, and went to Shabbona Grove, now DeKalb County, where they
were found in the early settlement of the county.
In the war of 1812 Shabbona with his warriors joined Tecumseh, was

150 HISTORY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.
aid to that great chief, and stood by his side when he fell at the battle of
the Thames. At the time of the Winnebago war, in 1827, he visited almost
every village among the Pottawatomies, and by his persuasive arguments
prevented them from taking part in the war. By request of the citizens
of Chicago, Shabbona, accompanied by Billy Caldwell (Sauganash), visited
Big Foot's village at Geneva Lake, in order to pacify the warriors, as fears
were entertained that they were about to raise the tomahawk against the
whites. Here Shabbona was taken prisoner by Big Foot, and his life
threatened, but on the following day was set at liberty. From that time
the Indians (through reproach) styled him " the white man's friend,"
and many times his life was endangered.
Before the Black Hawk war, Shabbona met in council at two differ
ent times, and by his, influence prevented his people from taking part with
the Sacs and Foxes. After the death of Black Partridge and Senachwine,
no chief among the Pottawatomies exerted so much influence as Shabbona.
Black Hawk, aware of this influence, visited him at two different times, in
order to enlist him in his cause, but was unsuccessful. While Black Hawk
was a prisoner at Jefferson Barracks, he said, had it not been for Shabbona
the whole Pottawatomie nation would have joined his standard, and he
could have continued the war for years.
To Shabbona many of the early settlers of Illinois owe the pres
ervation of their lives, for it is a well-known fact, had he not notified the
people of their danger, a large portion of them would have fallen victims
to the tomahawk of savages. By saving the lives of whites he endangered
his own, for the Sacs and Foxes threatened to kill him, and made two
attempts to execute their threats. They killed Pypebgee-, his son, and
Pyps, his nephew, and hunted him down as though he was a wild beast.
Shabbona had a reservation of two sections of land at his Grove, but
by leaving it and going west for a short time, the Government declared
the reservation forfeited, and sold it the same as other vacant land. On
Shabbona's return, and finding his possessions gone, he was very sad and
broken down in spirit, and left the Grove for ever. The citizens of Ottawa
raised money and bought him a tract of land on the Illinois River, above
Seneca, in Grundy County, on which they built a house, and supplied
him with means to live on. He lived here until his death, which occurred
on the 17th of July, 1859, in the eighty-fourth year of his age, and was
buried with great pomp in the cemetery at Morris. His squaw, Pokanoka,
was drowned in Mazen Creek, Grundy County, on the 30th of November,
1864, and was buried by his side.
In 1861 subscriptions were taken up in many of the river towns, to
erect a monument over the remains of Shabbona, but the war breaking
out, the enterprise was abandoned. Only a plain marble slab marks the
resting-place of this friend of the white man.

Abstract of Illinois State Laws.

BILLS OF EXCHANGE AND PROMISSORY NOTES.
No promissory note, check, draft, bill of exchange, order, or note, nego
tiable instrument payable at sight, or on demand, or on presentment, shall
be entitled to days of grace. All other bills of exchange, drafts or notes are
entitled to three days of grace. All the above mentioned paper falling
due on Sunday, New Years' Day, the Fourth of July, Christmas, or any
day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or
the Governor of the State as a day of fast or thanksgiving, shall be deemed
as due on the day previous, and should two or more of these days come
together, then such instrument shall be treated as due on the day previous
to the first of said days. Wo defense can be made against a negotiable
instrument (assigned before due) in the hands of the assignee without
notice, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. To hold an indorser,
due diligence must be used by suit, in collecting of the maker, unless suit
would have been unavailing. Notes payable to person named or to order,
in drder to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payee. Notes
payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable
every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of payment unLess otherwise
expressed. In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a month
shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less
than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes
only bear interest when so expressed, but after due they draw the legal
interest, even if not stated. INTEREST.
The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree in writ
ing on a rate not exceeding ten per cent. If a rate of interest greater
than ten per cent, is contracted for, it works a forfeiture of the whole of
said interest, and only the principal can be recovered.
DESCENT.
When no will is made, the property of a deceased person is distrib
uted as follows : 151

152 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
First. To his or her children and their descendants in equal parts ;
the descendants of the deceased child or grandchild taking the share of
their deceased parents in equal parts among them.
Second. Where there is no child, nor descendant of such child, and
no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents, brothers and sisters
of the deceased, and their descendants, in equal parts, the surviving
parent, if either be dead, taking a double portion ; and if there is no
parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their
descendants. Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no child or
children, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the real estate and
the whole of the personal estate shall descend to such widow or surviving
husband, absolutely, and the other half of the real estate shall descend as
in other cases where there is no child or children or descendants of the
same. Fourth. When there is a widow or surviving husband and also a child
.or children, or descendants of the latter, then one third of all the personal
estate to the widow or surviving husband absolutely.
Fifth. If there is no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of
either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, then in equal parts
to the next of kin to the intestate in equal degree. Collaterals shall not
be represented except with the descendants of brothers and sisters of the
intestate, and there shall be no distinction, between kindred of the whole
and the half blood.
Sixth. If any intestate leaves a widow or surviving husband and no
kindred, then to such widow or surviving husband; and if there is no such
widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to and vest in the county
where the same, or the greater portion thereof, is situated.
WILLS AND ESTATES OF DECEASED PERSONS.
No exact form of words are necessary in order to make a will good at
law. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female
of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind and memory, can make a valid
will ; it must be in writing, signed bythe testator or by some one in his
or her presence and by his or her direction, and attested by two or more
credible witnesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not inter
ested in the will. Persons knowing themselves to have been named in the
will or appointed executor, must within thirty days of the death of
deceased cause the will to be proved and recorded in the proper county,
or present it, and refuse to accept; on failure to do so ave Uable to forfeit
the sum of twenty dollars per month. Inventory to be made by executor
or administrator within three months from date of letters testamentary or

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 153
of administration.' Executors' and administrators' compensation not to
exceed six per cent, on amount of personal estate, and three per cent.
on money realized from real estate, with such additional allowance as
shall be reasonable for extra services. Appraisers' compensation $2 pef
day. Notice requiring all claims to be presented against the estate shall bd
given by the executor or administrator within six months of being quali
fied. Any person having a claim and not presenting it at the time fixed
by said notice is required "to have summons issued notifying the executor
or administrator of his having filed his claim in court ; in such cases the
costs have to be paid by the claimant. Claims should be filed within two
years from the time administration is granted on an estate, as after that
time they axe forever barred, unless other estate is found that was not in
ventoried. Married women, infants, persons insane, imprisoned or without
the United States,, in the employment of the United States, or of this
State, have two years after their disabilities are removed to file claims.
Claims are classified and paid out of the estate in the following manner :
First. Funeral expenses.
Second. The widow's award,, if there is a widow ; or children if there
are children, and no widow.
Third. Expenses attending the last illness, not including physician's
bill. •
Fourth. Debts due the common school or township fund.
Fifth. All expenses of proving the will and taking out letters testa
mentary or administration, and settlement of the estate, and the physi
cian's bill in the last illness of deceased.
Sixth. Where the deceased has received money in trust for any pur
pose, his executor or administrator shall pay out of his estate the amount
received and not accounted for.
Seventh. All other debts and demands of whatsoever kind, without
regard to quality or dignity, which shall be exhibited to the court within
two years from the granting of letters.
Award to Widow and Children, exclusive of debts and legacies or be
quests, except funeral expenses :
First. The family pictures and wearing apparel, jewels and ornaments
of herself and minor children.
Second. School books and the family library of the value of $100.
Third. One sewing machine.
Fourth. Necessary beds, bedsteads and bedding for herself and family.
Fifth. The stoves and pipe used in the family, with the necessary
cooking utensils, or in case they have none, $50 in money.
Sixth. Household and kitchen furniture to the value of $100.
Seventh. One milch cow and calf for every four members of her family.

154 ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
Eighth. Two sheep for each member of her family, and the fleeces
taken from the same, and one horse, saddle and bridle.
Ninth. Provisions for herself and family for one year.
Tenth. Food for the stock above specified for six months.
Eleventh. Fuel for herself and family for three months.
Twelfth. One hundred dollars worth of other property suited to her
condition in life, to be selected by the widow.
The widow if she elects may have in lieu of the said award, the same
personal property or money in place thereof as is or may be exempt from
execution or attachment against the head of a family.
TAXES.
The owners of real and personal property, on the first day of May in
each year, are liable for the taxes thereon.
Assessments should be completed before the fourth Monday in June,
at which time the town board of review meets to examine assessments,
hear objections, and make such changes as ought to be made. The county
"board have also power to correct or change assessments.
The tax books are placed in the hands of the town collector on or
before the tenth day of December, who retains them until the tenth day
of March following, when he is required to return them to the county
treasurer, who then collects all delinquent taxes.
No costs accrue on real estate taxes till advertised, which takes place
the first day of April, when three weeks' notice is required before judg
ment. Cost of advertising, twenty cents each tract of land, and ten cents
each lot.
Judgment is usually obtained at May term of County Court. Costs
six cents each tract of land, and five cents each lot. Sale takes place in
June. Costs in addition to those before mentioned, twenty-eight cents
each tract of land, and twenty-seven cents each town lot.
Heal estate sold for taxes may be redeemed any time before the expi
ration of two years from the date of sale, by payment to the County Clerk
of the amount for which it was sold and twenty-five per cent, thereon if
redeemed within six months, fifty per cent, if between six and twelve
months, if between twelve and eighteen months seventy-five per cent.,
and if between eighteen months and two years one hundred per cent.,
and in addition, all subsequent taxes paid by the purchaser, with ten per
cent, interest thereon, also one dollar each tract if notice is given by the
purchaser of the sale, and a fee of twenty-five cents to the clerk for his
certificate. JURISDICTION OF COURTS.
Justices have jurisdiction in all civil cases on contracts for the recovery
of moneys for damages for injury to real property, or taking, detaining, or

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 155
injuring personal property ; for rent; for all cases to recover damages done
real or personal property by railroad companies, in actions of replevin, and
in actions for damages for fraud in the sale, purchase, or exchange of per
sonal property, when the amount claimed as due is not over $200. They
have also jurisdiction in all cases for violation of the ordinances of cities,
towns or villages. A justice of the peace may orally order an officer or a
private person to arrest any one committing or attempting to commit a
criminal offense. He also upon complaint can issue his warrant for the
arrest of any person accused of having committed a crime, and have him
brought before him for examination. *
COUNTY COURTS
Have jurisdiction in all matters of probate (except in counties having a
population of one hundred thousand or over), settlement of estates of
deceased persons, appointment of guardians and conservators, and settle
ment of their accounts ; all matters relating to apprentices ; proceedings
for the collection of taxes and assessments, and in proceedings of executors,
administrators, guardians and conservators for the sale of real estate. In
law cases they have concurrent jurisdiction with Circuit Courts in all
cases where justices of the peace now have, or hereafter may have,
jurisdiction when the amount claimed shall not exceed $1,000, and in all
criminal offenses where the punishment is not imprisonment in the peni
tentiary, or death, and in all cases of appeals from justices of the peace
and police magistrates ; excepting when the county judge is sitting as a
justice of the peace. Circuit Courts have unlimited jurisdiction.
LIMITATION OF ACTION.
Accounts five years. Notes and written contracts ten years. Judg
ments twenty years. Partial payments or new promise in writing, within
or after said period, will revive the debt. Absence from the State deducted,
and when the cause of action is barred by the law of another State, it has
the same effect here. Slander and libel, one year. Personal injuries, two
years. To recover land or make entry thereon, twenty years. Action to
foreclose mortgage or trust deed, or make a sale, within ten years.
All persons in possession of land, and paying taxes for seven consecu
tive years, with color of title, and all persons paying taxes for seven con
secutive years, with color of title, on vacant land, shalPbe held to be the
legal owners to the extent of their paper title.
MARRIED WOMEN
May sue and be sued. Husband and wife not liable for each other's debts,
either before or after marriage, but both are liable for expenses and edu
cation of the family.

156 ' ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
She may contract the same as if unmarried, except that in a partner
ship business she can not, without consent of her husband, unless he has
abandoned or deserted her, or is idiotic or insane, or confined in peniten
tiary ; she is entitle! and can recover her own earnings, but neither hus
band nor wife is entitled to compensation for any services rendered for the
other. At the death of the husband, in addition to widow's award, a
married woman has a dower interest (one-third) in all real estate owned
by her husband after their marriage, and which has not been released by
her, and the husband has the same interest in the real estate of the wife
at her death. EXEMPTIONS FROM FORCED SALE.
Home worth $1,000, and the following Personal Property : Lot of ground
and buildings thereon, occupied as a residence by the debtor, being a house
holder and having a family, to the value of $1,000. Exemption continues
after the death of the householder for the benefit of widow and family, some
one of them occupying the homestead until youngest child shall become
twenty-one years of age, and until death of widow. There is no exemption
from sale for taxes, assessments, debt or liability incurred for the purchase
or improvement of said homestead. No release or waiver of exemption is
valid, unless in writing, and subscribed by such householder and wife (if
he have one), and acknowledged as conveyances of real estate are required
to be acknowledged. The following articles of personal property owned
by the debtor, are exempt from execution, writ of attachment, and distress
for rent : The necessary wearing apparel, Bibles, school books and family
pictures of every person ; and, 2d, one hundred dollars worth of other
property to be selected by the debtor, and, in addition, when the debtor
is the head of a family and resides with the same, three hundred dollars
worth of other property to be selected by the debtor ; provided that such
selection and exemption shall not be made by the debtor or allowed to
him or her from any money, salary or wages due him or her from any
person or persons or corporations whatever.
When the head of a family shall die, desert or not reside with the
same, the family shall be entitled to and receive all the benefit and priv
ileges which are by this act conferred upon the head of a family residing
with the same. No personal property is exempt from execution when
judgment is obtained for the wages of laborers or servants. Wages of a
laborer who is the head of a family can not be garnisheed, except the sum
due him be in excess of $25.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 157
DEEDS AND MORTGAGES.
To be valid there must be a valid consideration. Special care should
be taken to have them signed, sealed, delivered, and properly acknowl
edged, with the proper seal attached. Witnesses are not required. The
acknowledgement must be made in this state, before Master in Chancery,
Notary Public, United States Commissioner, Circuit or County Clerk, Justice
of Peace, or any Court of Record having a seal, or any Judge, Justice, or
Clerk of any such Court. When taken before a Notary Public, or United
States Commissioner, the same shall be attested by his official seal, when
taken before a Court or the Clerk thereof, the same shall be attested by
the seal of such Court, and when taken before a Justice of the Peace resid
ing out of the county where the real estate to be conveyed lies, there shall
be added a certificate of the County Clerk under his seal of office, that he
was a Justice of the Peace in the county at the time of taking the same.
A deed is good without such certificate attached, but can not be used in
evidence unless such a certificate is produced or other competent evidence
introduced. Acknowledgements made out of the state must either be
executed according to the laws of this state, or there should be attached
a certificate that it is in conformity with the laws of the state or country
where executed. Where this is not done the same may be proved by any
other legal way. Acknowledgments where the Homestead rights are to
be waived must state as follows : " Including the release and waiver of
the right of homestead."
Notaries Public can take acknowledgements any where in the state.
Sheriffs, if authorized by the mortgagor of real or personal property
in his mortgage, may sell the property mortgaged.
In the case of the death of grantor or holder of the equity of redemp
tion of real estate mortgaged, or conveyed by deed of trust where equity
of redemption is waived, and it contains power of sale, must be foreclosed
in the same manner as a common mortgage in court.
ESTRAYS.
Horses, mules, asses, neat cattle, swine, sheep, or goats found straying
at any time during the year, in counties where such animals are not allowed
to run at large, or between the last day of October and the 15th day of
April in other counties, the owner thereof being unknown, may be taken up
as estrays. No person not a householder in the county where estray is found can
lawfully take up an estray, and then only upon or about his farm or place
of residence. Estrays should not be used before advertised, except animals
giving milk, which may be milked for their benefit.

158 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
Notices must be posted up within five (5) days in three (3) of the
most public places in the town or precinct in which estray was found, giv
ing the residence of the taker up, and a particular description of the
estray, its age, color, and marks natural and artificial, and stating before
what justice of the peace in such town or precinct, and at what time, not
less than ten (10) nor more than fifteen (15) days from the time of post
ing such notices, he will apply to have the estray appraised.
A copy of such notice should be filed by the taker up with the town
clerk, whose duty it is to enter the same at large, in a book kept by him
for that purpose.
If the owner of estray shall not have appeared and proved ownership,
and taken the same away, first paying the taker up his reasonable charges
for taking up, keeping, and advertising the same, the taker up shall appear
before the justice of the peace mentioned in above mentioned notice, and
make an affidavit as required by law.
As the affidavit has to be made before the justice, and all other steps as
to appraisement, etc., are before him, who is familiar therewith, they are
therefore omitted here.
Any person taking up an estray at any other place than about or
upon his farm or residence, or without complying with the law, shall forfeit
and pay a fine of ten dollars with costs.
Ordinary diligence is required in taking care of estrays, but in case
they die or get away the taker is not liable for the same.
GAME.
It is unlawful for any person to kill, or attempt to kill or destroy, in
any manner, any prairie hen or chicken or woodcock between the 15th day
of January and the 1st day of September ; or any deer, fawn, wild-turkey,
partridge or pheasant between the 1st day of February and the 1st day
of -October ; or any quail between the 1st day of February and 1st day of
November ; or any wild goose, duck, snipe, brant or other water fowl
between the 1st day of May and 15th day of August in each year.
Penalty : Fine not less than $5 nor more than $25, for each bird or
animal, and costs of suit, and stand committed to county jail until fine is
paid, but not exceeding ten days. It is unlawful to hunt with gun, dog
or net within the inclosed grounds or lands of another without permission.
Penalty: Fine not less than $3 nor more than $100, to be paid into
school fund. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or
sold or delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be made to
the contrary, the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit :

Stone Coal, -
Unslacked Lime,
Corn in the ear,
Wheat,
Irish Potatoes,
White Beans,
Clover Seed, -
Onions,
Shelled Corn,
Rye,Flax Seed,
Sweet Potatoes, -
Turnips, Fine Salt,

ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 159
Pounds. 52

Pounds.

- 80

Buckwheat, -

- 80

Coarse Salt,

- 70
- 60

Barley, Corn Meal,

- 60

Castor Beans,

- 60
- 60
- 57

Timothy Seed,
. Hemp Seed,
Malt, -

- 56

Dried Peaches,

- 56

Oats,

- 56 55

Dried Apples,
Bran,

55

Blue Grass Seed,

55

Hair (plastering)

5048
4846
4544 3833322420
14

Penalty for giving less than the above standard is double the amount
of property wrongfully not giyen, and ten dollars addition thereto.
MILLERS.
The owner or occupant of every public grist mill in this state shall
grind all grain brought to his mill in its turn. The toll for both steam
and water mills, is, for grinding and bolting wheat, rye, or other grain, one
eighth part; for grinding Indian corn, oats, barley and buckwheat not
required to be bolted, one seventh part; for grinding malt, and chopping all
kinds of grain, one eighth part. It is the duty of every miller when his
mill is in repair, to aid and assist in loading and unloading all grain brought
to him to be ground, and he is also required to keep an accurate half
bushel measure, and an accurate set of toll dishes or scales for weighing
the grain. The penalty for neglect or refusal to comply with the law is
$5, to the use of any person to sue for the same, to be recovered before
any justice of the peace of the county where penalty is incurred. Millers
are accountable for the safe keeping of all grain left in his mill for the
purpose of being ground, with bags or casks containing same (except it
results from unavoidable accidents), provided that such bags or casks are
distinctly marked with the initial letters of the owner's name.
MARKS AND BRANDS.
Owners of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep or goats may have one ear mark ¦
and one brand, but which shall be different from his neighbor's, and may
be recorded by the county clerk of the county in which such property is
kept. The/ee for such record is fifteen cents. The record of such shall
be open to examination free of charge. In cases of disputes as to marks
or brands, such record is prima facie evidence. Owners of cattle, horses,
hogs, sheep or goats that may have been branded by the former owner,

160 ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
may be re-branded in presence of one or more of his neighbors, who shall
certify to the facts of the marking or branding being done, when done,
and in what brand or mark they were re-branded or re-marked, which
certificate may also be recorded as before stated.
ADOPTION OF CHILDREN.
Children may be adopted by any resident of this state, by filing a
petition in the Circuit or County Court of the county in which he resides,
asking leave to do so, and if desired may ask that the name of the child
be changed. Such petition, if made by a person having a husband or
wife, will not be granted, unless the husband or wife joins therein, as the
adoption must be by them jointly.
The petition shall state name, sex, and age of the child, and the new
name, if it is desired to change the name. Also the name and residence
of the parents of the child, if known, and of the guardian, if any, and
whether the parents or guardians consent to the adoption.
The court must find, before granting decree, that the parents of the
child, or the survivors of them, have deserted his or her family or such
child for one year next preceding the application, or if neither are living,
the guardian ; if no guardian, the next of kin in this state capable of giving
consent, has had notice of the presentation of the petition and consents
to such adoption. If the child is of the age of fourteen years or upwards,
the adoption can not be made without its consent.
SURVEYORS AND SURVEYS.
There is in every county elected a surveyor known as county sur
veyor, who has power to appoint deputies, for whose official acts he is
responsible. It is the duty of the county surveyor, either by himself or
his deputy, to make all surveys that he may be called upon to make within
his county as soon as may be after application is made. The necessary
chainmen and other assistance must be employed by the person requiring
the same to be done, and to be by him paid, unless otherwise agreed ; but
the chainmen must be disinterested persons and approved by the surveyor
and sworn by him to measure justly and impartially.
The County Board in each county is required by law to provide a copy
of the United States field notes and plats of their surveys of the lands
in the county to be kept in the recorder's office subject to examination
by the public, and the county surveyor is required to make his surveys
in conformity to said notes, plats and the laws of the United States gov
erning such matters. The surveyor is also required to keep a record
of all surveys made by him, which shall be subject to inspection by any
one interested, and shall be delivered up to his successor in office. A.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 161
certified copy of the said surveyor's record shall be prima facie evidence
of its contents. j
The fees of county surveyors are six dollars per day. The county
surveyor is also ex officio inspector of mines, and as such, assisted by some
practical miner selected by him, shall once each year inspect all the
mines in the county, for which they shall each receive such compensa
tion as may be fixed by the County Board, not exceeding $5 a day, to
be paid out of the county treasury.
ROADS AND BRIDGES.
Where practicable from the nature of the ground, persons traveling
in any kind of vehicle, must turn to the right of the center of the road, so
as to permit each carriage to pass without interfering with each other.
The penalty for a violation of this provision is $5 for every offense, to
be recovered by the party injured; but to recover, there must have
occurred some injury to person or property resulting from the violation.
The owners of any carriage traveling upon any road in this State for the
conveyance of passengers who shall employ or continue in his employment
as driver any person who is addicted to drunkenness, or the excessive use of
spiritous liquors, after he has had notice of the same, shall forfeit, at the
rate of $5 per day, and if any driver while actually engaged in driving
any such carriage, shall be guilty of intoxication to such a degree as to
endanger the safety of passengers, it shall be the duty of the owner, on
receiving written notice of the fact, signed by one of the passengers, and
certified by him on oath, forthwith to discharge such driver. If such owner
shall have such driver in his employ within three months after such notice,
he is liable for $5 per day for the time he shall keep said .driver in his
employment after receiving such notice.
Persons driving any carriage on any public highway are prohibited
from running their horses upon any occasion under a penalty of a fine not
exceeding $10, or imprisonment not exceeding sixty days, at the discre
tion of the court. Horses attached to any carriage used to convey passen
gers for hire must be properly hitched or the lines placed in the hands of
some other person before the driver leaves them for any purpose. For
violation of this provision each driver shall forfeit twenty dollars, to be
recovered by action, to be commenced within six months. It is under
stood by the term carriage herein to mean any carriage or vehicle used
for the transportation of passengers or goods or either of them.
The commissioners of highways in the different towns have the care
and superintendence of highways and bridges therein. They have all
the powers necessary to lay out, vacate, regulate and repair all roads>
build and repair bridges. In addition to the above, it is their duty to
erect and keep in repair at the forks or crossing-place of the most

162 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
important roads post and guide boards with plain inscriptions, giving
directions and distances to the most noted places to which such 'road may
lead ; also to make provisions to prevent thistles, burdock, and cockle
burrs, mustard, yellow dock, Indian mallow and jimson weed from
seeding, and to extirpate the same as far as practicable, and to prevent
all rank growth of vegetation on the public highways so far as the same
may obstruct public travel, and it is in their discretion to erect watering
places for public use for watering teams at such points as may be deemed
advisable. The Commissioners, on or before the 1st day of May of each year,
shall make out and deliver to their treasurer a list of all able-bodied men
in their town, excepting paupers, idiots, lunatics, and such others as are
exempt by law, and assess against each the sum of two dollars as a poll
tax for highway purposes. Witrnn thirty days after such list is delivered
they shall cause a written or printed notice to be given to each person so
assessed, notifying him of the time when and place where such tax must
be paid, or its equivalent in labor performed ; they may contract with
persons owing such poll tax to perform a certain amount of labor on any
road or bridge in payment of the same, and if such tax is not paid nor
labor performed by the first Monday of July of such year, or within ten
days after notice is given after that time, they shall bring suit therefor
against such person before a justice of the peace, who shall hear and
determine the case according to law for the offense complained of, and
shall forthwith issue an execution, directed to any constable of the county
where the delinquent shall reside, who shall forthwith collect the moneys
therein mentioned.
The Commissioners of Highways of each town shall annually ascer
tain, as near as practicable, how much money must be raised by tax on real
and personal property for the making and repairing of roads, only, to any
amount they may deem necessary, not exceeding forty cents on each one
hundred dollars' worth, as valued on the assessment roll of the previous
year. The tax so levied on property lying within an incorporated village,
town or city, shall be paid over to the corporate authorities of such town,
village or city. Commissioners shall receive $1.50 for each day neces
sarily employed in the discharge of their duty.
Overseers. At the first meeting the Commissioners shall choose one
of their number to act General Overseer of Highways in their township,
whose duty it shall be to take charge of and safely keep all tools, imple
ments and machinery belonging to said town, and shall, by the direction
of the Board, have general supervision of all roads and bridges in their
town.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 163
As all township and county officers are familiar with their duties, it
is only intended to give the points of the law that the public should be
familiar with. The manner of laying out, altering or vacating roads, etc.,
will not be here stated, as it would require more space than is contem
plated in a work of this kind. It is sufficient to state that, the first step
is by petition, addressed to the Commissioners, setting out what is prayed
for, giving the names of the owners of lands if known, if not known so
state, over which the road is to pass, giving the general course, its place
of beginning, and where it terminates. It requires not less than twelve
freeholders residing within three miles of the road who shall sign the
petition. Public roads must not be less than fifty feet wide, nor more
than sixty feet wide. Roads not exceeding two miles in length, if peti
tioned for, may be laid out, not less than forty feet. Private roads
for private and public use, may be laid out of the width of three rods, on
petition of the person directly interested ; the damage occasioned thereby
shall be paid by the premises benefited thereby, and before the road is
opened. If not opened in two years, the order shall be considered
rescinded. Commissioners ia their discretion may permit persons who
live on or have private roads, to work out their road tax thereon. Public
roads must be opened in five days from date of filing order of location,
or be deemed vacated. DRAINAGE.
Whenever one or more owners or occupants of land desire to construct
a drain or ditch across the land of others for agricultural, sanitary or
mining purposes, the proceedings are as follows :
File a petition in the Circuit or County Court of the county in which
the proposed ditch or drain is to be constructed, setting forth the neces
sity for the same, with a description of its proposed starting point, route
and terminus, and if it shall be necessary for the drainage of the land or
coal mines or for sanitary purposes, that a drain, ditch, levee or similar
work be constructed, a description of the same. It shall also set forth
the names of all persons owning the land over which such drain or ditch
shall be constructed, or if unknown stating that fact.
No private property shall be taken or damaged for the purpose of
constructing a ditch, drain or levee, without compensation, if claimed by
the owner, the same to be ascertained by a jury; but if the construction
of such ditch, drain or levee shall be a benefit to the owner, the same
shall be a set off against such compensation.
If the proceedings seek to affect the property of a minor, lunatic or
married woman, the guardian, conservator or husband of the same shall
be made party defendant. The petition may be amended and parties
made defendants at any time when it is necessary to a fair trial.

164 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
When the petition is presented to the judge, he shall note therein
when he will hear the same, and order the issuance of summonses and
the publication of notice to each non-resident or unknown defendant.
The petition may be heard by such judge in vacation as well as in
term time. Upon the trial, the jury shall ascertain the just compensation
to each owner of the property sought to be damaged by the construction
of such ditch, drain or levee, and truly report the same.
As it is only contemplated in a work of this kind to give an abstract
of the laws, and as the parties who have in charge the execution of the
further proceedings are likely to be familiar with the requirements of the
statute, the necessary details are not here inserted.
WOLF SCALPS.
The County Board of any county in this State may hereafter allow
such bounty on wolf scalps as the board may deem reasonable.
Any person claiming a bounty shall produce the scalp or scalps with
the ears thereon, within sixty days after the wolf or wolves shall have
been caught, to the Clerk of the County Board, who shall administer to
said person the following oath or affirmation, to-wit: "You do solemnly
swear (or affirm, as the case may be), that the scalp or scalps here pro
duced by you was taken from a wolf or wolves killed and first captured
by yourself within the limits of this county, and within the sixty days
last past." CONVEYANCES.
When the reversion expectant on a lease of any tenements or here
ditaments of any tenure shall be surrendered or merged, the estate which
shall for the time being confer as against the tenant under the same lease
the next vested right to the same tenements or hereditaments, shall, to
the extent and for the purpose of preserving such incidents to and obli
gations on the same reversion, as but for the surrender or merger thereof,
would have subsisted, be deemed the reversion expectant on the same
lease. PAUPERS.
Every poor person who shall be unable to earn a livelihood in conse
quence of any bodily infirmity, idiocy, lunacy or unavoidable cause, shall
be supported by the father, grand-father, mother, grand-mother, children,
grand-children, brothers or sisters of such poor person, if they or either
of them be of sufficient ability ; but if any of such dependent class shall
have become so from intemperance or other bad conduct, they shall not be
entitled to support from any relation except parent or child.

llliwi&te

STATES ATTORNEY
BELVIDERE.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 167
The children shall first be called on to support their parents, if they
are able ; but if not, the parents of such poor person shall then be called
on, if of sufficient ability ; and if there be no parents or children able,
then the brothers and sisters of such dependent person shall be called
upon ; and if there be no brothers or sisters of sufficient ability, the
grand-children of such person shall next be called on ; and if they are
not able, then the grand-parents. Married females, while their husbands
live, shall not be liable to contribute for the support of their poor relations
except out of their separate property. It is the duty of the state's
(county) attorney, to make complaint to the County Court of his county
against all the relatives of such paupers in this state liable to his support
and prosecute the same. In case the state's attorney neglects, or refuses, to
complain in such cases, then it is the duty of the overseer of the poor to
do so. The person called upon to contribute shall have at least ten days'
notice of such application by summons. The court has the power to
determine the kind of support, depending upon the circumstances of the
parties, and may also order two or more of the different degrees to main
tain such poor person, and prescribe the proportion of each, according to
their ability. The court may specify the time for which the relative shall
contribute — in fact has control over the entire subject matter, with power
to enforce its orders. Every county (except those in which the poor are
supported by the towns, and in such cases the towns are liable) is required
to relieve and support all poor and indigent persons lawfully resident
therein. Residence means the actual residence of the party, or the place
where he was employed ; or in case he was in no employment, then it
shall be the place where he made his home. When any person becomes
chargeable as a pauper in any county or town who did not reside at the
commencement of six months immediately preceding his becoming so,
but did at that time reside in some other county or town in this state,
then the county or town, as the case may be, becomes liable for the expense
of taking care of such person until removed, and it is the duty of the
overseer to notify the proper authorities of ' the fact. If any person shall
bring and leave any pauper in any county in this state where such pauper
had no legal residence, knowing him to be such, he is liable to a fine of
$100- In counties under township organization, the supervisors in each
town are ex-officio overseers of the poor. The overseers of the poor act
under the directions of the County Board in taking care of the poor and
granting of temporary rehef; also, providing for non-resident persons not
paupers who may be taken sick and not able to pay their way, and in case
of death cause such person to be decently buried.
The residence of the inmates of poorhouses and other charitable
institutions for voting purposes is their former place of abode.

168 ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
FENCES.
In counties under township organization, the town assessor and com
missioner of highways are the fence-viewers in their respective towns.
In other counties the County Board appoints three in each precinct annu
ally. A lawful fence is four and one-half feet high, in good repair, con
sisting of rails, timber, boards, stone, hedges, or whatever the fence-
viewers of the town or precinct where the same shall lie, shall consider
equivalent thereto, but in counties under township organization the annual
town meeting may establish any other kind of fence as such, or the County
Board in other counties may do the same. Division fences shall be made
and maintained in just proportion by the adjoining owners, except when
the owner shall choose to let his land lie open, but after a division fence is
built by agreement or otherwise, neither party can remove his part of such
fence so long as he may crop or use such land for farm purposes, or without
giving the other party one year's notice in writing of his intention to remove
his portion. When any person shall enclose his land upon the enclosure
of another, he shall refund the owner of »the adjoining lands a just pro
portion of the value at that time of such fence. The value of fence and
the just proportion to be paid or built and maintained by each is to be
ascertained by two fence-viewers in the town or precinct. Such fence-
viewers have power to settle all disputes between different owners as to
fences built or to be built, as well as to repairs to be made. Each party
chooses one of the viewers, but if the other party neglects, after eight
days' notice in writing, to make his choice, then the other party may
select both. It is sufficient to notify the tenant or party in possession,
when the owner is not a resident of the town or precinct. The two
fence-viewers chosen, after viewing the premises, shall hear the state
ments of the parties , in case they can't agree, they shall select another
fence-viewer to act with them, and the decision of any two of them is
final. The decision must be reduced to writing, and should plainly set
out description of fence and all matters settled by them, and must be
filed in the office of the town clerk in counties under township organiza
tion, and in other counties with the county clerk.
Where any person is liable to contribute to the erection or the
repairing of a division fence, neglects or refuses so to do, the party
injured, after giving sixty days notice in writing when a fence is to be
erected, or ten days when it is only repairs, may proceed to have the
work done at the expense of the party whose duty it is to do it, to be
recovered from him with costs of suit, and the party so neglecting shall
also be liable to the party injured for all damages accruing from such
neglect or refusal, to be determined by any two fence-viewers selected
as before provided, the appraisement to be reduced to writing and signed.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 169
Where a person shall conclude to remove his part of a division fence,
and let his land lie open, and having given the year's notice required, the
adjoining owner may cause the value of said fence to be ascertained by
fence-viewers as before provided, and on payment or tender of the
amount of such valuation to the owner, it shall prevent the removal. A
party removing a division fence without notice is liable for the damages
accruing thereby.
Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mis
take, the owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and
material within six months after the division line has been ascertained.
Where the material to build such a fence has been taken from the land
on which it was built, then before it can be removed, the person claiming
must first pay for such material to the owner of the land from which it
was taken, nor shall such a fence be removed at a time when the removal
will throw open or expose the crops of the other party ; a reasonable
time must be given beyond the .six months to remove crops.
The compensation of fence-viewers is one dollar and fifty -cents a
day each, to be paid in the first instance by the party calling them, but
in the end all expenses, including amount charged by the fence-viewers,
must be paid equally bjr the parties, except in cases where a party neglects
or refuses to make or maintain a just proportion of a division fence, when
the party in default shall pay them.
DAMAGES FROM TRESPASS.
Where stock of any kind .breaks into any person's enclosure, the
fence being good and sufficient, the owner is liable for the damage done ;
but where the damage is done by stpck running at large, contrary to law,
the owner is liable where there' is not such a fence. Where stock is
found trespassing on the enclosure of another as aforesaid, the owner 01
occupier of the premises may take possession of such stock and keep the
same until damages, with reasonable charges for keeping and feeding and
all costs of suit, are paid. Any person taking or rescuing such stock so
held without his consent, shall be liable to a fine of not less than three
nor more than five dollars for each animal rescued, to be recovered by
suit before a justice of the peace for the use of the school fund. Within
twenty-four hours after taking such animal into his possession, the per
son taking it up must give notice of the fact to the owner, if known, or
if unknown, notices must be posted in some public place near the premises.
LANDLORD AND TENANT.
The owner of lands, or his legal representatives, can sue for and
recover rent therefor, in any of the following cases :
First. When rent is due and in arrears on a lease for life or lives.

170 ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
Second. When lands are held and occupied by any person without
any special agreement for rent.
Third. When possession is obtained under an agreement, written
or verbal, for the purchase of the premises and before deed given, the
right to possession is terminated by forfeiture on con-compliance with the
agreement, and possession is wrongfully refused or neglected to be given
upon demand made in writing by the party entitled thereto. Provided
that all payments made bjr the vendee or his representatives or assigns,
may be set off against the rent.
Fourth. When land has been sold upon a judgment or a decree of
court, when the party to such judgment or decree, or person holding under
him, wrongfully refuses, or neglects, to surrender possession of the same,
after demand in writing by the person entitled to the possession.
Fifth. When the lands have been sold upon a mortgage Or trust
deed, and the mortgagor or grantor or person holding und,er him, wrong
fully refuses or neglects to surrender possession of the same, after demand
in writing by the person entitled to the possession.
If any tenant, or any person who shall come into possession from or
under or by collusion with such tenant, shall willfully hold over any lands,
etc., after the expiration the term of their lease, and. after demand made
in writing for the possession thereof, is liable to pay double rent. A
tenancy from year to year requires sixty days notice in writing, to termi
nate the same at the end of the year ; such notice can be given at any
time within four months preceding the last sixty days of the year.
A tenancy by the month, or less than a year, where the tenant holds
over without any special agreement, the landlord may terminate the
tenancy, by thirty days notice in writing.
When rent is due, the landlord may serve a notice upon the tenant,
stating that unless the rent is paid within not less than five days, his lease
will be terminated ; if the rent is not paid, the landlord may consider the
lease ended. When default is made in any of the terms of a lease, it
shall not be necessary to give more than ten days notice to quit or of the
termination of such tenancy ; and the same may be terminated on giving
such notice to quit, at any time after such default in any of the terms of
such lease ; which notice may be substantially in the following form, viz:
To  , You are hereby notified that, in consequence of your default
in (here insert the character of the default), of the premises now occupied
by you, being etc. (here describe the premises), I have elected to deter
mine your lease, and you are hereby notified to quit and deliver up pos
session of the same to me within ten days of this date (dated, etc.)
The above to be signed by the lessor or his agent, and no other notice
or demand of possession or termination of such tenancy is necessary.
Demand may be made, or notice served, by delivering a written or

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 171
printed, or partly either, copy thereof to the tenant, or leaving the same
with some person above the age of twelve years residing on or in posses-
¦ sion of the premises ; and in case no one is in the actual possession of the
said premises, then by posting the same on the premises. When the
tenancy is for a certain time, and the term expires by the terms of the
lease, the tenant is then bound to surrender possession, and no notice
to quit or demand of possession is necessary.
Distress for rent. — In all cases of distress for rent, the landlord, by
himselff his agent or attorney, may seize for rent any personal property of
his tenant that may be found in the county where the tenant resides ; the
property of any other person, even if found on the premises, is not
liable. An inventory of the property levied upon, with a statement of the
amount of rent claimed, should be at once filed with some justice of the
peace, if not over $200 ; and if above that sum, with the clerk of a court
of record of competent jurisdiction. Property may be released, by the
party executing a satisfactory bond for double the amount.
The landlord may distrain for rent, any time within six months after
the expiration of the term of the lease, or when terminated.
In all cases where the premises rented shall be sub-let, or the lease
assigned, the landlord shall have the same right to enforce lien against
such lessee or assignee, that he has against the tenant to whom the pre
mises were rented.
When a tenant abandons or removes from the premises or any part
thereof, the landlord, or his agent or attorney, may seize upon any grain
or other crops grown or growing upon the premises, or part thereof so
abandoned, whether the rent is due or not. If such grain, or other crops,
or any part thereof, is not fully grown or matured, the landlord, or his
agent or attorney, shall cause the same to be properly cultivated, harvested
or gathered, and may sell the same, and from the proceeds pay all his
labor, expenses and rent. The tenant may, before the sale of such pro
perty, redeem the same by tendering the rent and reasonable compensation
for work done, or he may replevy the same.
Exemption. — The same articles of personal property which are bylaw
exempt from execution, except the crops as above stated, is also exempt
from distress for rent.
If any tenant is about to or shall permit or attempt to sell and
remove from the premises, without the consent of his landlord, such
portion of the crops raised thereon as will endanger the lien of the land
lord upon such crops, for the rent, it shall be lawful for the landlord to
distress before rent is due.

172 ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
LIENS.
Any person who shall by contract, express or implied, or partly both,
with the owner of any lot or tract of land, furnish labor or material, or
services as an architect or superintendent, in building, altering, repairing
or ornamenting any house or other building or appurtenance thereto on
such lot, or upon any street or alley, and connected with such improve
ments, shall have a lien upon the whole of such lot or tract of land, and
upon such house or building and appurtenances, for the amount due to
him for such labor, material or services. If the contract is expressed, and
the time for the completion of the work is beyond three years from the com
mencement thereof ; or, if the time of payment is beyond one year from
the time stipulated for the completion of the work, then no lien exists.
If the contract is implied, then no lien exists, unless the work be done or
material is furnished within one year from the commencement of the work
or delivery of the materials. As between different creditors having hens,
no preference is given to the one whose contract was first made ; but each
shares pro-rata. Incumbrances existing on the lot or tract of the land at
the time the contract is made, do not operate on the improvements, and
are only preferred to the extent of the value of the land at the time of
making the contract. The above lien can not be enforced unless suit is
commenced within six months after the last payment for labor or materials
shall have become due and payable. Sub-contractors, mechanics, workmen
and other persons furnishing any material, or performing any labor for a
contractor as before specified, have a lien to the extent of the amount due
the contractor at the time the following notice is served upon the owner
of the land who made the contract :
To  , You are hereby notified, that I have been employed by-

(here state whether to labor or furnish material, and substantially the
nature of the demand) upon your (here state in general terms description
and situation of building), and that I shall hold the (building, or as the
case may be), and your interest in the ground, liable for the amount that
may (is or may become) due me on account thereof. Signature, 
Date, 
If there is a contract in writing between contractor and sub-contractor,
a copy of it should be served with above notice, and said notice must be
served wi i hin forty days from the completion of such sub-contract, if there
is one ; if not, then from the time payment should have been made to the
person performing the labor or furnishing the material. If the owner is
not a resident of the county, or can not be found therein, then the above
notice must be filed with the clerk of the Circuit Court, with his fee, fifty
cents, and a copy of, said notice must be published in a newspaper pub
lished in the county, for four successive weeks.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 173
When the owner or agent is notified as above, he can retain any
money due the contractor sufficient to pay such claim ; if more than one
claim, and not enough to pay all, they are to be paid pro rata.
The owner has the right to demand in writing, a statement of the
contractor, of what he owes for labor, etc., from time to time as the work
progresses, and on his failure to comply, forfeits to the owner $50 for
every offense.
The liens referred to cover any and all estates, whether in fee for
life, for years, or any other interest which the owner may have.
To enforce the lien of sub-contractors, suit must be commenced within
three months from the time of the performance of the sub-contract, or
during the work or furnishing materials.
Hotel, inn and boarding-house keepers, have a lien upon the baggage
and Other valuables of their guests or boarders, brought into such hotel,
inn or boarding-house, by their guests or boarders, for the proper charges
due from such guests or boarders for their accommodation, board and
lodgings, and such extras as are furnished at their request.
Stable-keepers and other persons have a lien upon the horses, car
riages and harness kept by them, for the proper charges due for the keep
ing thereof and expenses bestowed thereon at the request of the owner
or the person having the possession of the same.
Agisters (persons who take care of cattle belonging to others), and
persons keeping, yarding, feeding or pasturing domestic animals, shall
have a lien upon the animals agistered, kept, yarded or fed, for the proper
charges due for such service.
All persons who, may furnish any railroad corporation in this state
with fuel, ties, material, supplies or any other article or thing necessary
for the construction, maintenance, operation or repair of its road by con
tract, or may perform work or labor on the same, is entitled to b*e paid as
part of the current expenses of the road, and have a lien upon all its pro
perty. Sub-contractors or laborers have also a lien. The conditions and
limitations both as to contractors and sub-contractors, are about the same
as herein stated as to general liens.
DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS.
$  means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was formerly
placed before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now,
United States Currency.
£  means pounds, English money.
@ stands for at or to. lb for pound, and bbl. for barrel; ^ for per or
by the. Thus, Butter sells at 20® 30c f lb, and Flour at $8® 12 ty bbl.
fo for per cent and # for number.
May 1.— Wheat sells at $1.20@1.25, "seller June." Seller June

174 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
means that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering
it at any time during the month of June.
Selling short, is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or
stock, at a fixed price, within a certain length of time, when the seller
has not the stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling
"short," to depress the market as much as possible, in order that he may
buy and fill his contract at a profit. Hence the " shorts " are termed
" bears." Buying long, is to contract to purchase a certain amount of grain or
shares of stock at a fixed price, deliverable within a stipulated time,
expecting to make a profit by the rise of prices. The "longs" are
termed "bulls," as it is for their interest to "operate" so as to "toss"
the prices upward as much as possible. NOTES.
Form of note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the
amount and time of payment are mentioned.
$100. Chicago, 111., Sept. 15, 1876.
Sixty days from date I promise to pay to E. F. Brown,
or order, One Hundred dollars, for value received.
L. D. Lowry.
A note to be payable in any thing else than money needs only the
facts substituted for money in the above form.
ORDERS.
Orders should be worded s"imply, thus :
Mr. F. H. Coats: Chicag*>, Sept. 15, 1876.
Please pay to H. Birdsall, Twenty-five dollars, and charge to
F. D. Silva.
RECEIPTS.
Receipts should always state when received and what for, thus :
$100. Chicago, Sept. 15, 1876.
Received of J. W. Davis, One Hundred dollars, for services
rendered in grading his lot in Fort Madison, on account.
Thomas Brady.
If receipt is in full it should be so stated.
BILLS OF PURCHASE.
W. N. Mason, Salem, Illinois, Sept. 15, 1876.
Bought of A. A. Graham.
4 Bushels of Seed Wheat, at $1.50 - $6.00
2 Seamless Sacks " .30 .60

Received payment, $6.60
A. A. Graham.

ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 175
ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT.
An agreement is where one party promises to another to do a certain
thing in a certain time for a stipulated sum. Good business men always
reduce an agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunder
standings and trouble. No particular form is necessary, but the facts must
be clearly and explicitly stated, and there must, to make it valid, be a
reasonable consideration. GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT.
This Agreement, made the Second day of October, 1876, between
John Jones, of Aurora, County of Kane, State of Illinois, of the first part,
and Thomas Whiteside, of the same place, of the second part —
WITNESSETH, that the said John Jones, in consideration of the agree
ment of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts and
agrees to and with the said Thomas Whiteside, that he will deliver, in
good and marketable condition, at the Village of Batavia, 111., during the
month of November, of this year, One Hundred Tons of Prairie Hay, in
the following lots, and at the following specified times ; namely, twenty-
five tons by the seventh of November, twenty-five tons additional by the
fourteenth of the month, twenty-five tons more by the twenty-first, and
the entire one hundred tons to be all delivered by the thirtieth of
November. And the said Thomas Whiteside, in consideration of the prompt
fulfillment of this contract, on the part of the party of the first part,
contracts to and agrees with the said John Jones, to pay for said hay five
dollars per ton, for each ton as soon as delivered.
In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is
hereby stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the
other, One Hundred Dollars, as fixed and settled damages.
In witness whereof, we have" hereunto set our hands the day and
year first above written. John Jones,
Thomas Whiteside.
AGREEMENT WITH CLERK FOR SERVICES.
This Agreement, made the first day of May,x one thousand eight
hundred and seventy-six, between Reuben Stone, of Chicago, County
of Cook, State of Illinois, party of the first part, and George Barclay, of
Englewood, County of Cook, State of Illinois, party of the Second part —
WITNESSETH, that said George Barclay agrees faithfully and dili
gently to work as clerk and salesman for the said Reuben Stone, for
and during the space of one year from the date hereof, should both
live such length of time, without absenting himself from his occupation ;

t
176 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
during which time he, the said Barclay, in the store of said Stone, of
Chicago, will carefully and honestly attend, doing and performing all
duties as clerk and salesman aforesaid, in accordance and in all respects
as directed and desired by the said Stone.
In consideration of which services, so to be rendered by the said
Barclay, the said Stone agrees to pay to said Barclay the annual sum of
one thousand dollars, payable in twelve equal monthly payments, each
upon the last day of each month ; provided that all dues for days of
absence from business by said Barclay, shall be deducted from the sum
otherwise by the agreement due and payable by the said Stone to the said
Barclay. Witness our hands. Reuben Stone.
George Barclay.
BILLS OF SALE.
A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party, for a consider
ation to convey his right and interest in the personal property. The
purchaser must take actual possession of the property. Juries have
power to determine upon the fairness or unfairness of a bill of sale.
COMMON FORM OF BILL OF SALE.
Know all Men by this instrument, that I, Louis Clay, of Princeton,
Illinois, of the first part, for and in consideration of Five Hundred
and Ten dollars, to me paid by John Floyd, of the same place, of the
second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and
by this instrument do convey unto the said Floyd, party of the second
part, his executors, administrators, and assigns, my undivided half of
ten acres of corn, now growing on the farm of Thomas Tyrrell, in the
town above mentioned ; one pair of horses, sixteen sheep, and five cows,
belonging to me, and in my possession at the farm aforesaid ; to have and
to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his executors and
assigns, forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, agree
with the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, to
warrant and defend the sale of the afore-mentioned property and chattels
unto the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives,
against all and every person whatsoever.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto affixed my hand, this tenth day
of October, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six. Louis Clay.
BONDS.
A bond is a written admission on the part of the maker in which he
pledges a certain sum to another, at a certain time.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 177
COMMON FORM OF BOND.
Know ALL Men by this instrument, that I, George Edgerton, of
Watseka, Iroquois County, State of Illinois, am firmly bound unto Peter
Kirchoff, of the place aforesaid, in the sum of five hundred dollars, to be
paid to the said Peter Kirchoff, Or his legal representatives ; to which
payment, to be made, I bind myself, or my legal irepresentatives, by this
instrument. Sealed with my seal, and dated this second day of November, one
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
The condition of this bond is such that if I, Ge.orge Edgerton, my
heirs, administrators, or executors, shall promptly pay the sum of two
hundred and fifty dollars in three equal annual payments from the date
hereof, with annual interest, then the above obligation to be of no effect ;
otherwise to be in full force and valid.
Sealed and delivered in •
presence of George Edgerton. [l.s.]
William Turner. CHATTEL MORTGAGES.
A chattel mortgage is a mortgage on personal property for payment
of a certain sum of money, to hold the property against debts of other
creditors. The mortgage must describe the property, and must be
acknowledged before a justice of the peace in the township or precinct
where the mortgagee resides, and entered upon his docket, and must be
recorded in the recorder's office of the county.
GENERAL FORM OF CHATTEL MORTGAGE. «
This Indenture, made and entered into this first day of January,
in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
between Theodore Lottinville, of the town of Geneseo in the County
of Henry, and State of Illinois, party of the first part, and Paul Henshaw,
of the same town, county, and State, party of the second part.
Witnesseth, that the said party of the first part, for and in consider
ation of the sum of one thousand dollars, in hand paid, the receipt whereof
is hereby acknowledged, does hereby grant, sell, convey, and confirm unto
the said party of the second part, his heirs and assigns forever, all and
singular the following described goods and chattels, to wit :
Two three-year old roan-colored horses, one Burdett organ, No. 987,
one Brussels carpet, 15x20 feet in size, one marble-top center table, one
Home Comfort cooking stove, No. 8, one black walnut bureau with mirror
attached, one set of parlor chairs (six in number), upholstered in green
rep, with lounge corresponding with same in style and color of upholstery,
now in possession of said Lottinville, at No. 4 Prairie Ave., Geneseo, 111. ;

178 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
Together with all and singular, the appurtenances thereunto belong
ing, or in any wise appertaining ; to have and to hold the above described
goods and chattels, unto the said party of the second part, his heirs and
assigns, forever.
Provided, always, and these presents are upon this express condition,
that if the said Theodore Lottinville, his heirs, executors, administrators,
or assigns, shall, on or before the first day of January, A.D., one thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six, pay, or cause to be paid, to the said Paul
Ranslow, or his lawful attorney or attorneys, heirs, executors, adminis
trators, or assigns, the sum of One Thousand dollars, together with the
interest that may accrue thereon, at the rate of ten per cent, per annum,
from the first day of January, A.D. one thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five, until paid, according to the tenor of one promissory note
bearing even date herewith for the payment of said sum of money, that
then and from thenceforth, these presents, and everything herein con
tained, shall cease, and be null and void, anything herein contained to the
contrary notwithstanding.
Provided, also, that the said Theodore Lottinville may retain the
possession of and have the use of said goods and chattels until the day
of payment aforesaid ; and also, at his own expense, shall keep said goods
and chattels; and also at the expiration of said time of payment, if said
sum of money, together with the interest as aforesaid, shall not be paid,
shall deliver up said goods and chattels, in good condition, to said Paul
Ranslow, or his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns.
And provided, also, that if default in payment as aforesaid, by said
party of the first part, shall be made, or if said party of the second part
shall at any time before said promissory note becomes due, feel himself
unsafe or insecure, that then the said party of the second part, or his
attorney, agent, assigns, or heirs, executors, or administrators, shall have
the right to take possession of said goods and chattels, wherever they
may or can be found, and sell the same at public or private sale, to the
highest bidder for cash in hand, after giving ten days' notice of the time
and place of said sale, together with a description of the goods and chat
tels to be sold, by at least four advertisements, posted up in public places
in the vicinity where said sale is to take place, and proceed to make the
sum of money and interest promised as aforesaid, together with all reason
able costs, charges, and expenses in so doing ; and if there shall be any
overplus, shall pay the same without delay to the said party of the first
part, or his legal representatives.
In testimony whereof, the said party of the first part has hereunto
set his hand and affixed his seal, the day and year first above written.
Signed, sealed and delivered in
presence of Theodore Lottinville. [l.s.]
Samuel J. Tilden.

ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 179

LEASE OF FARM AND BUILDINGS THEREON.
This Indenture, made this second day of June, 1875, between David
Patton of the Town of Bisbee, State of Illinois, of the first part, and John
Doyle of the same place, of the second part,
Witnesseth, that the said David Patton, for and in consideration of
the covenants hereinafter mentioned and reserved, on the part of the said
John Doyle, his executors, administrators, and assigns, to be paid, kept,
and performed, hath let, and by these presents doth grant, demise, and
let, unto the said John Doyle, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
all that parcel of land situate in Bisbee aforesaid? bounded and described
as follows, to wit : \Here describe the land.~\
Together with all the appurtenances appertaining thereto. To have
and to hold the said premises, with appurtenances thereto belonging, unto
the said Doyle, his executors, administrators, and assigns, for the term of
five years, from the first day of October next following, at a yearly rent
of Six Hundred dollars, to be paid in equal payments, semi-annually, as
long as said buildings are in good tenantable condition.
And the said Doyle, by these presents, covenants and agrees to pay
all taxes and assessments, and keep in repair all hedges, ditches, rail, and
other fences ; (the said David Patton, his heirs, assigns and administra
tors, to furnish all timber, brick, tile, and other materials necessary for
such repairs.)
Said Doyle further covenants and agrees to apply to said land, in a
farmer-like manner, all manure and compost accumulating upon said
farm, and cultivate all the arable land in a husbandlike manner, accord
ing to the usual custom among farmers in the neighborhood ; he also
agrees to trim the hedges at a seasonable time, preventing injury from
cattle to such hedges, and to all fruit and other trees on the said premises.
That he will seed down with clover and timothy seed twenty acres yearly
of arable land, ploughing the same number of acres each Spring of land
now in grass, and hitherto unbroken.
It is further agreed, that if the said Doyle shall fail to perform the
whole or any one of the above mentioned covenants, then and in that
case the said David Patton may declare this lease terminated, by giving
three months' notice of the same, prior to the first of October of any
year, and may distrain any part of the stock, goods, or chattels, or other
property in possession of said Doyle, for sufficient to compensate for the
non-performance of the above written covenants, the same to be deter
mined, and amounts so to be paid to be determined, by three arbitrators,
chosen as follows : Each of the parties to this instrument to choose one,

180 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
and the two so chosen to select a third ; the decision of said arbitrators
to be final.
In witness whereof, we have hereto set our hands and seals.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in presence of David Patton. [l.s.]
James Waldron. John Doyle. [l.s.]
FORM OF LEASE OF A HOUSE.
This Instrument, made the first day of October, 1875, witnesseth
that Amos Griest of Yorkville, County of Kendall, State of Illinois, hath
rented from Aaron Young of Logansport aforesaid, the dwelling and lot
No. 13 Ohio Street, situated in said City of Yorkville, for five years
from the above date, at the yearly rental of Three Hundred dollars, pay
able monthly, on the first day of each month, in advance, at the residence
of said Aaron Young.
At the expiration of said above mentioned term, the said Griest
agrees to give the said Young peaceable possession of the said dwelling,
in as good condition as when taken, ordinary wear and casualties excepted.
In witness whereof, we place our hands and seals the day and year
aforesaid.
Signed, sealed and delivered Amos Griest. [l.s.J
in presence of
Nickolas Schutz, Aaron Young. [l.s.J
Notary Public. LANDLORD'S AGREEMENT.
This certifies that I have let and rented, this first day of January,
1876, unto Jacob Schmidt, my house and lot, No. 15 Erie Street, in the
City of Chicago, State of Illinois, and its appurtenances ; he to have the
free and uninterrupted occupation thereof for one year from this date, at
the yearly rental of Two Hundred dollars, to be paid monthly in advance ;
rent to cease if destroyed by fire, or otherwise made untenantable.
Peter Funk.
TENANT'S AGREEMENT.
This certifies that I have hired and taken from Peter Funk, his
house and lot, No. 15 Erie Street, in the City of Chicago, State of Illi
nois, with appurtenances thereto belonging, for one year, to commence
this day, at a yearly rental of Two Hundred dollars, to be paid monthly
in advance ; unless said house becomes untenantable from fire or other
causes, in which case rent ceases ; and I further agree to give and yield
said premises one year from this first day of January 1876, in as good
condition as now, ordinary wear and damage by the elements excepted.
Given under my hand this day. Jacob Schmidt.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 181
NOTICE TO QUIT.
To F. W. Arlen,
Sir : Please observe that the term of one year, for which the house
and land, situated at No. 6 Indiana Street, and now occupied by you,
were rented to you, expired on the first day of October, 1875, and as I
desire to repossess said premises, you are hereby requested and required
to vacate the same. Respectfullv Yours,
P. T. Barnum.
Lincoln, Neb., October 4, 1875.
TENANT'S NOTICE OF LEAVING.
Dear Sir:
The premises I now occupy as your tenant, at No. 6 Indiana Street,
I shall vacate on the first day of November, 1875. You will please take
notice accordingly.
Dated this tenth day of October, 1875. F. W. Arlen.
To P. T. Barnum, Esq.
REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE TO SECURE PAYMENT OF MONEY.
This Indenture, made this sixteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, between William
Stocker, of Peoria, County of Peoria, and State of Illinois, and Olla, his
wife, party of the first part, and Edward Singer, party of the second part.
Whereas, the said party of the first part is justly indebted to the said
party of the second part, in the sum of Two Thousand dollars, secured
to be paid by two certain promissory notes (bearing even date herewith)
the one due and payable at the Second National Bank in Peoria, Illinois,
with interest, on the sixteenth day of May, in the year one thousand eight
hundred and seventy-three ; the other due and payable at the Second
National Bank at Peoria, 111., with interest, on the sixteenth day of May,
in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Now, therefore, this indenture witnesseth, that the said party of the
first part, for the better securing the payment of the money aforesaid,
with interest the'reon, according to the tenor and effect of the said two
promissory notes above mentioned ; and, also in consideration of the fur
ther sum of one dollar to them in hand paid by the said party of the sec
ond part, at the delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby
acknowledged, have granted, bargained, sold, and conveyed, and by these
presents do grant, bargain, sell, and convey, unto the said <party of the
second part, his heirs and assigns, forever, all that certain parcel of land,
situate, etc. *
[Describing the premises.]
To have and to hold the same, together with all and singular the
Tenements, Hereditaments, Privileges and Appurtenances thereunto

182 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
belonging or in any wise appertaining. And also, all the estate, interest,
and claim whatsoever, in law as well as in equity which the party of
the first part have in and to. the premises hereby conveyed unto the said
party of the second part, his heirs and assigns, and to their only proper
use, benefit and behoof. And the said William Stocker, and Olla, his
wife, party of the first part, hereby expressly waive, relinquish, release,
and convey unto the said party of the second part, his heirs, executors,
administrators, and assigns, all right, title, claim, interest, and benefit
whatever, in and to the above described premises, and each and every
part thereof, which is given by or results from all laws of this state per
taining to the exemption of homesteads.
Provided always, and these presents are upon this express condition,
that if the said party of the first part, their heirs, executors, or adminis
trators, shall well and truly pay, or cause to be paid, to the said party of
the second part, his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, the afore
said sums of money, with such interest thereon, at the time and in the
manner specified in the above mentioned promissory notes, according to
the true intent and meaning thereof, then in that case, these presents and
every thing herein expressed, shall be absolutely null and void.
In witness whereof, the said party of the first part hereunto set their
hands and seals the day and year first above written.
Signed, sealed and delivered in presence of
James Whitehead, William Stocker. [l.s.]
Fred. Samuels. Olla Stocker. [l.s.]
WARRANTY DEED WITH COVENANTS.
This Indenture, made this sixth day of April, in the year of oui
Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, between Henry Best
of Lawrence, County of Lawrence, State of Illinois, and Belle, his wife,
of the first part, and Charles Pearson of the same place, of the second part,
Witnesseth, that the said party of the first part, for and in consideration
of the sum of Six Thousand dollars in hand paid by the said party of the
second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have granted,
bargained, and sold, and by these presents do grant, bargain, and sell,
unto the said party of the second part, his heirs and assigns, all the fol
lowing described lot, piece, or parcel of land, situated in the City of Law
rence, in the County of Lawrence, and State of Illinois, to wit :
[Here describe the property.]
Together with all and singular the hereditaments and appurtenances
thereunto belonging or in any wise appertaining, and the reversion and
reversions, remainder and remainders, rents, issues, and profits thereof;
and all the estate, rignt, title, interest, claim, and demand whatsoever, of
the said party of the nrst part, either in law or equity, of, in, and to the

JUSTICLE^OFTHE PEACE
BELVIDERE.

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 185
above bargained premises, with the hereditaments and appurtenances.
To have and to hold the said premises above bargained and described^
with the appurtenances, unto the said party of the second part, his heirs
and assigns, forever. And the said Henry Best, and Belle, his wife, par
ties of the first part, hereby expressly waive, release, and relinquish unto
the said party of the second part, his heirs, executors, administrators, and
assigns, all right, title, claim, interest, and benefit whatever, in and to the
above described premises, and each and every part thereof, whieh is given
by or results from all laws of this state pertaining to the exemption of
homesteads. And the said Henry Best, and Belle, his wife, party of the first
part, for themselves and their heirs, executors, and administrators, do
covenant, grant, bargain, and agree, to and with the said party of the
second part, his heirs and assigns, that at the time of the ensealing and
delivery of these presents they were well seized of the premises above
conveyed, as of a good, sure, perfect, absolute, and indefeasible estate of
inheritance in law, and in fee simple, and have good right, full power,
and lawful authority to grant, bargain, sell, and convey the same, in
manner and form aforesaid, and that the same are free and clear from all
former and other grants, bargains, sales, liens, taxes, assessments, and
encumbrances of what kind or nature soever ; and the above bargained
premises in the quiet and peaceable possession of the said party of the
second part, his heirs and assigns, against all and every person or persons
lawfully claiming or to claim the whole or any part thereof, the said party
of the first part shall and will warrant and forever defend.
In testimony whereof, the said parties of the first part have hereunto
set their hands and seals the day and year first above written.
Signed, sealed and delivered
in presence of Henry Best, [l.s.]
Jerry Linklater. Belle Best, [l.s.]
QUIT-CLAIM DEED.
This Indenture, made the eighth day of June, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, between David Tour,
of Piano, County of Kendall, State of Illinois, party of the first part,
and Larry O'Brien, of the same place, party of the second part,
Witnesseth, that the said party of the first part, for and in considera
tion of Nine Hundred dollars in hand paid by the said party of the sec
ond part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and the said party
of the second part forever released and discharged therefrom, has remised,
released, sold, conveyed, and quit-claimed, and by these presents does
remise, release, sell, convey, and quit-claim, unto the said party of the
second part, his heirs and assigns, forever, all the right, title, interest,

186 ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
claim, and demand, which the said party of the first part has in and to
the following described lot, piece, or parcel of land, to wit :
[Here describe the land.]
To have and to hold the same, together with all and singular the
appurtenances and privileges thereunto belonging, or in any wise there
unto appertaining, and all the estate, right, title, interest, and claim
whatever, of the said party of the first part, either in law or equity, to
the only proper use, benefit, and behoof of the said party of the second
part, his heirs and assigns forever.
In witness whereof the said party of the first part hereunto set his
hand and seal the day and year above written.
Signed, sealed and delivered David Tour. [l.s.]
in presence of
Thomas Ashley.
The above forms of Deeds and Mortgage are such as have heretofore
been generally used, but the following are much shorter, and are made
equally valid by the laws of this state.
WARRANTY DEED.
The grantor (here insert name or names and place of residence), for
and in consideration of (here insert consideration) in hand paid, conveys
and warrants to (here insert the grantee's name or names) the following
described real estate (here insert description), situated in the County of
 in the State of Illinois.
Dated this  day of  A. D. 18  .
QUIT CLAIM DEED.
The grantor (here insert grantor's name or names and place of resi
dence), for the consideration of (here insert consideration) convey and
quit-claim to (here insert grantee's name or names) all interest in the
following described real estate (here insert description), situated in the
County of  in the State of Illinois.
0 Dated this  day of  A. D. 18  .
MORTGAGE.
The mortgagor (here insert name or names) mortgages and warrants
to (here insert name or names of mortgagee or mortgagees), to secure the
payment of (here recite the nature and amount of indebtedness, showing
when due and the rate of interest, and whether1 secured by note or other
wise), the following described real estate (here insert description thereof),
situated in the County of  in the State of Illinois.
Dated this  day of  A. D. 18  .
RELEASE.
Know all Men by these presents, that I, Peter Ahlund, of Chicago,
of the County of Cook, and State of Illinois, for and in consideration of
One dollar, to me in hand paid, and for other good and valuable considera-

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 187
tions, the receipt whereof is hereby confessed, do hereby grant, bargain,
remise, convey, release, and quit-claim unto Joseph Carlin of Chicago,
of the County of Cook, and State of Illinois, all the right, title, interest,
claim, or demand whatsoever, I may have acquired in, through, or by a
certain Indenture or Mortgage Deed, bearing date the second day of Jan
uary, A. D. 1871, and recorded in the Recorder's office of said county,
in book A of Deeds, page 46, to the premises therein described, and which
said Deed was made to secure one certain promissory note, bearing even
date with said deed, for the sum of Three Hundred dollars.
Witness my hand and seal, this second day of November, A. D. 1<874.
Peter Ahlund. [l.s.]
State of Illinois, )
Cook County. \ ' I, George Saxton, a Notary Public in
and for said county, in the state aforesaid, do hereby
certify that Peter Ahlund, personally known to me
as the same person whose name is subscribed to the
foregoing Release, appeared before me this day in
[ hosbal^l ] person, and acknowledged that he signed, sealed, and
delivered the said instrument of writing as his free
and voluntary act, for the uses and purposes therein
set forth.
Given under my hand and seal, this second day of
November, A.' D. 1874.
George Saxton, N. P.
GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOR REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY.
I, Charles Mansfield, of the Town of Salem, County of Jackson,
State of Illinois, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing
health, but of sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be
my last will and testament, in manner following, to wit:
First. I give, devise and bequeath unto my oldest son, Sidney H.
Mansfield, the sum of Two Thousand Dollars, of bank stock, now in the
Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, and the farm owned by myself
in the Town of Buskirk, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with
all the houses, tenements, and improvements thereunto belonging ; to
have and to hold unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever.
Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my daughters, Anna
Louise Mansfield and Ida Clara Mansfield, each Two Thousand dollars in
bank stock, in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, and also each
one quarter section of land, owned by myself, situated in the Town of
Lake, Illinois, and recorded in my name in the Recorder's office in the
county where such land is located. The north one hundred and sixty
acres of said half section is devised to my eldest daughter, Anna Louise.

188 ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Frank Alfred Mans
field, Five shares of Railroad stock in the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad,
and my one hundred and sixty acres of land and saw mill thereon, -situ
ated in Manistee, Michigan, with all the improvements and appurtenances
thereunto belonging, which said real estate is recorded in my name in the
county where situated.
Fourth. I give to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, all my
household furniture, goods, chattels, and personal property, about my
home, not hitherto disposed of, including Eight Thousand dollars of bank
stock in the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio, Fifteen shares in
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, pos
session, and benefit of the home farm, so long as she may live, in lieu of
dower, to which she is entitled by law; said farm being my present place
of residence. Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Elijah H. Mansfield, the
income from rents of my store building at 145 Jackson Street, Chicago,
Illinois, during the term of his natural life. Said building and land there
with to revert to my said sons and daughters in equal proportion, upon
the demise of my said father.
Sixth. It is also my will and desire that, at the death- of my wife,
Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, or at any time when she may arrange to
relinquish her life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same
may revert to my above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each.
And lastly. I nominate and appoint as executors of this my last will
and testament, my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield, and my eldest son,
Sidney H. Mansfield.
I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shad
be paid from moneys now on deposit in the Savings Bank of Salem, the
residue of such moneys to revert to my wife, Victoria Elizabeth Mansfield,
for her use forever.
In witness whereof, I, Charles Mansfield, to this my last will and
testament, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this fourth day of April,
eighteen hundred and seventy-two.
Signed, sealed, and declared by Charles
Mansfield, as and for his last will and
testament, in the presence of us, who,
at his request, and in his presence, and
in the presence of each other, have sub- )>
scribed our names hereunto as witnesses
thereof.
Peter A. Schenck, Sycamore, Ills.
Frank E. Dent, Salem, Ills.

Charles Mansfield. [l.s.]

Charles Mansfield. [l.s.]

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 189
CODICIL.
Whereas I, Charles Mansfield, did, on the fourth day of April, one
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, make my last will and testa
ment, I do now, by this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be
taken as a part thereof.
Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter, Anna
Louise, has deceased November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy-three,
and whereas, a son has been born to me, which son is now christened
Richard Albert Mansfield, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch,
and all right, interest, and title in lands and bank stock and chattels
bequeathed to my deceased daughter, Anna Louise, in the body of this will.
In witness whereof, I hereunto place my hand and seal, this tenth
day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-five.
Signed, sealed, published, and declared to"
us by the testator, Charles Mansfield, as
and for a codicil to be annexed to his
last will and testament. And we, at
his request, and in his presence, and in
the presence of each other, have sub
scribed our names as witnesses thereto,
at the date hereof.
Frank E. Dent, Salem, His.
John C. Shay, Salem, Ills.
CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS
May be legally made by electing or appointing, according to the usages
or customs of the body of which it is a part, at any meeting held for that
purpose, two or more of its members as trustees, wardens or vestrymen, and
may adopt a corporate name. The chairman or secretary of such meeting
shall, as soon as possible, make and file in the office of the recorder of
deeds of the county, an affidavit substantially in the following form :
State of Illinois,

County. ' ss'

I,  : — , do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be),
that at a meeting of the members of the (here insert the name of the
church, society or congregation as known before organization), held at
(here insert place of meeting), in the County of  , and State of
Illinois, on the  day of  , A.D. 18—, for that purpose, the fol
lowing persons were elected (or apppinted) [here insert their names]
trustees, wardens, vestrymen, (or officers by whatever name they may
choose to adopt, with powers similar to trustees) according to the rules
and usages of* such (church, society or congregation), and said 

190 ABSTRACT OP ILLINOIS STATE LAWS.
adopted as its corporate name (here insert name), and at said meeting
this affiant acted as (chairman or secretary, as the case may be).
Subscribed and sworn to before me, this  day of  , A.D.
18—. Name of Affiant 
which affidavit must be recorded by the recorder, and shall be, or a certi
fied copy made by the recorder, received as evidence of such an incorpo
ration. No certificate of election after the first need be filed for record.
The term of office of the trustees and the general government of the
society can be determined by the rules or by-laws adopted. Failure to
elect trustees at the time provided does not work a dissolution, but the
old trustees hold over. A trustee or trustees may be removed, in the
same manner by the society as elections are held by a meeting called for
that purpose. The property of the society vests in the corporation. The
corporation may hold, or acquire by .purchase or otherwise, land not
exceeding ten acres, for the purpose of the society. The trustees have
the care, custody and control of the property of the corporation, and can,
when directed by the society, erect houses or improvements, and repair
and alter the same, and may also when so directed by the society,
mortgage, encumber, sell and convey any real or personal estate belonging
to the corporation, and make all proper contracts in the name of such
corporation. But they are prohibited by law from encumbering or inter
fering with any property so as to destroy the effect of any gift, grant,
devise or bequest to the corporation ; but such gifts, grants, devises 01
bequests, must in all cases be used so as to carry out the object intended
by the persons making the same. Existing societies may organize in the
manner herein set forth, and have all the advantages thereof.
SUGGESTIONS TO THOSE PURCHASING BOOKS BY SUBSCRIPTION.
The business of publishing books by subscription having so often been
brought into disrepute by agents making representations and declarations
not authorized* by the publisher ; in order to prevent that as much as possi
ble, and that there may be more general knowledge of the relation such
agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, the fol
lowing statement is made :
A subscription is in the nature of a contract of mutual promises, by
which the subscriber agrees to pay a certain sum for the work described ;
the consideration is concurrent that the publisher shall publish the book
named, and deliver the same, for which the subscriber is to pay the price
named. The nature and character of the work is described in the prospectus
and by the sample shown. These should be carefully examined before sub
scribing, as they are the basis and consideration of the promise to' pay,

ABSTRACT OF ILLINOIS STATE LAWS. 191
and not the too often exaggerated statements of the agent, who is merely
employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he is usually paid a commission
for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions
upon which the subscriptions are authorized to be made by the publisher.
Should the agent assume to agree to make the subscription conditional or
modify or change the agreement of the publisher, as set out by prospectus
and sample, in order to bind the principal, the subscriber should see that
such conditions or changes are stated over or in connection with his signa
ture, so that the publisher may have notice of the same.
All persons making contracts in reference to matters of this kind, or
any other business, should remember that the law as to written contracts is,
that they can not be varied, altered or rescinded verbally, but if done at all,
must be done in writing. It is therefore important that all persons contem
plating subscribing should distinctly understand that all talk before or after
the subscription is made, is not admissible as evidence, and is no part of the
contract. Persons employed to solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as
canvassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a
prescribed mode, and have no authority to do it in any other way to the
prejudice of their principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other
matter. They cannot collect money, or agree that payment may be made
in anything else but money. They can not extend the time of payment
beyond the time of delivery, nor bind their principal for the payment of
expenses incurred in, their buisness.
It would save a great deal of trouble, and often serious loss, if persons,
before signing their names to any subscription book, or any written instru
ment, would examine carefully what it is ; if they can not read themselves,
should call on some one disinterested who can.

102 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
AND ITS AMENDMENTS.
We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union,
establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common
defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty
to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution
for the United States of America. Article I.
i, Section 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in
a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and
House of Representatives.
Sec. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem
bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the
electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of
the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.
No person shall be a representative who shall not have^attained to the
age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United
States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in
which he shall be chosen.
Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the sev
eral states which may be included within this Union, according to their
respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole
number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of
years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.
The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first
meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subse
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The
number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand,
but each state shall have at least one Representative ; and until such
enumeration shall be made the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled
to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plan
tations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylva
nia eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five,
and Georgia three.
When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the
Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such
vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other
officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment.
Sec. 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two
Senators from each state, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years ;
and each Senator shall have one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first
election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes.
The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expira-

AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 193
tion of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth
year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that
one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by
resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any state,
the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next
meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.
No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age
of thirty years and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he
shall be chosen. «
The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the
Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided.
The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro
tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise
the office of President of the United States.
The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When
sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the
President of the United Stages is tried the Chief Justice shall preside.
And no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds
of the members present.
Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to
removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of
honor, trust, or profit under the United States ; but the party convicted
shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment,
and punishment according to law.
Sec. 4. The times, places and manner of holding elections for Sen
ators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each state by the Legis
lature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter
such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.
The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such
meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by
law appoint a different day.
Sec. 5. Each house shall be the judge of the election, returns, and
qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute
a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members
in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide.
Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its
members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds,
expel a member.
Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to
time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment,
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house
on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered
on the journal.
Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the
consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other
place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.
Sec. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compen
sation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the
treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason,

194 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
felony, and breach of the peajje, be privileged from arrest during their
attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and
returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house
they shall not be questioned in any other place.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was
elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United
States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall
have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office
under the United States, shall be a member of either house during his
continuance in office. •
Sec. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of
Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments
as on other bills.
Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and
the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President
of the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it ; but if not he shall
return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi
nated, who shall enter the objections a| large on their journal, and
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration two-thirds of that
house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objec
tions, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if
approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all
such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays,
and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered
on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned
by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted), after it shall have
been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he
had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its
return, in which case it shall not be a law.
Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the
Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a
question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the
United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by
him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be re-passed by two-thirds of
the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and lim
itations prescribed in the case of a bill.
Sec. 8. The Congress shall have power —
To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts,
and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United
states ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout
the United States ; ,
To borrow money on the credit of the United States ;
To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several
States, and with the Indian tribes ;
To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on
the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States ;
To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and
fix the standard of weights and measures ;
To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and
current coin of the United States ;
To establish post offices and post roads ;

AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 195
To promote the progress of sciences and useful arts, by securing,
for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their
respective writings and discoveries ;
To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court ;
To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high
seas, and offenses against the law of nations ;
To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules
concerning captures on land and water ;
To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that
use shall be for a longer term than two years ;
To provide and maintain a navy ;
To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and
naval forces ;
To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the
Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ;
To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and
for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the
United States, reserving to the states respectively the appointment of the
officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the disci
pline prescribed by Congress ;
To exercise legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not
exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the
acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United
States, and to exercise hke authority over all places purchased by the
consent of the Legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for
the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful
buildings ; and
To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying
into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this
Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any depart
ment or officer thereof.
Sec. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the
.states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited
by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight,
but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten
dollars for each person.
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended,
unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may
require it..
No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.
No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion
to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken.
No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state.
No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or rev
enue to the ports of one state over those of another; nor shall vessels
bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in
another. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of
appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of
the receipts and expeditures of all public money shall be published from
time to time.

196 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States : and no
person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the
consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title
of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.
Sec. 10. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confeder
ation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of
credit ; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of
debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the
obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.
No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts
or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary
for executing its inspection laws, and the net produce of all duties and
imposts laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the
Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the
revision and control of the Congress.
No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on
tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any
agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will
not admit of delay. Article II.
Section 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of
the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term
of four years, and, together with the Vice-President chosen for the same
term, be elected as follows :
Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof
may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators
and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress ;
but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or
profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.
[ * The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by
ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of
the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the
persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they
shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government
of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Pres
ident of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Rep
resentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted.
The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President,
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ;
and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal
number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately
choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a ma
jority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like
manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the vote
shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one
vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members
from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be
necessary to a choice. • In every case, after the choice of the President,
* This clause betweeD .brackets has been superseded and annulled by tbe Twelfth.amendment.

AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 197
the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be
the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have
equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-Presi
dent.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and
the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the same
throughout the United States.
No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United
States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible
to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that
office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been
fourteen years a resident within the United States.
In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death,
resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said
office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress
may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inabil
ity, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall
then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the dis
ability be removed, or a President shall be elected.
The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com
pensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the
period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive
within that period any other emolument from the United States or any of
them. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the fol
lowing oath or affirmation:
" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the
office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability,
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States."
Sec. 2. The President shall be conlmander in chief of the army and
navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when
called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the
opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each, of the executive
departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective
offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardon for offenses
against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.
He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the
Seriate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con
cur ; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice of the Senate,
shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of
the Supreme Court, and all other officersjrf the United States whose
appointments are not herein otherwise provraed for, and which shall be
established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in
the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may
happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which
shall expire at the end of their next session.^
Sec. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information
of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such mea
sures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may on extraordinary

198 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
occasions convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagree
ment between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may
adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive
ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be
faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United
States. Sec. 4. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the
United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and con
viction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.
Article III.
Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested •
in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as the Congress may from
time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and
inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at
stated times, receive for their services a compensation, which shall not be
diminished during their continuance in office.
Sec. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and
equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and
treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases
affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United
States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ;
between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of differ
ent states ; between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants
of different states, and between a state or the citizens thereof, and foreign
states, citizens, or subjects.
In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls,
and those in which a state shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have
original jurisdiction.
In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall
have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions
and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.
The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by
jury ; and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall
have been committed ; but when not committed within any state, the
trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have
directed. Sec. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levy
ing war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid
and comfort. No person shf^ be convicted of treason unless on the tes
timony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open
court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason,
but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture,
except during the life of the person attainted.
Article IV.
Section 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the
public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And

AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 199
the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such
acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
Sec. 2. The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges
and immunities of citizens in the several states.
A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime,
who shall flee from justice and be found in another state, shall, on demand
of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered
up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime.
No person held to service or labor in one state, under the laws thereof
escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered
up on the claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.
Sec. 3. New states may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ;
but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any
other state ; nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states,
or parts of states, without the consent of the Legislatures of the states
concerned, as well as of the Congress.
The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful
rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging
to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed
as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular state.
Sec. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this
Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them
against invasion, and on application of^ the Legislature, or of the Execu
tive (when the Legislature can not be convened), against domestic vio
lence. Article V.
The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the ap
plication of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call
a convention for proposing amendments, which, in eitjaer case, shall be
valid to all intents and purposes as part of this Constitution, when rati
fied by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several states, or by con
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratifi
cation may be proposed by the Congress. Provided that no amendment
which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and
eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth
section of the first article ; and that no state, without its consent, shall
be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.
Article VI.
All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adop
tion of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under
this Constitution as under the Confederation.
This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be
made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made,
under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the
land ; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in
the Constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.
The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the mem-

200

CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES

bers of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial offi
cers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound
by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test
shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under
the United States. Article VII.
The ratification of the Conventions of nine states shall be sufficient
for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying
the same.
Done in convention by the unanimous consent of the states present, the
seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand
seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the independence of the
United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have
hereunto subscribed our names.
GEO. WASHINGTON,
President and Deputy from Virginia.

New Hampshire.
John Langdon,
Nicholas Gilman.
Massachusetts.
Nathaniel Gorham,
Rufus King.
Connecticut.
Wm. Sam'l Johnson,
Roger Sherman.

Delaware.
Geo. Read,
John Dickinson,
Jaco. Broom,
Gunning Bedford, Jr.,
Richard Bassett.
Maryland.
James M'Henry,
Danl. Carroll,
Dan. of St. Thos. Jenifer.

New York.
Alexander Hamilton.
New Jersey.
Wil. Livingston,
Wm. Paterson,
David Brearley,
Jona. Dayton.

Virginia.
John Blair,
James Madison, Jr.
North Carolina.
Wm. Blount,
Hu. Williamson,
Rich'd Dobbs Spaight.

Pennsylvania.
B. Franklin,
Robt. Morris,
Thos. Fitzslmons,
James Wilson,
Thos. Mifflin,
Geo. Clymer,
Jared Ingersoll,
Gouv. Morris.

South Carolina.
j. rutledge,
Charles Pinckney,
Chas. Cotesworth Ptncknev,
Pierce Butler.
Georgia.
William Few,
Abr. Baldwin.
WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.

sfk&~

EDITOR NOHTHVA/ESTERN BELVIDERE.

AND its amendments. 203

Articles in Addition to and Amendatory of the Constitution
of the United States of America.
Proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several state*,
pursuant to the fifth article of the original Constitution.
Article I.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion,
or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of
speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble,
and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Article II.
A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free
state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
Article III.
No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without
the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be pre
scribed by law.
Article IV.
The right of the people- to be secure in their persons, houses, papers,
and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be vio
lated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by
oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched
and the persons or things to be seized.
Article V.
No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous
crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual
service in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject
for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall
be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be
deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor
shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.
Article VI.
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a
speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have
. been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and
cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ;
to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to
have the assistance of counsel for his defense. (
Article VII.
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall' exceed
twenty dollars, the risrht of trial bv iurv shall be preserved, and no fact

204 CONSTITUTION op the united states
tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United
States than according to the rules of the common law.
Article VIII.
Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed,
nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
Article IX.
The enumeration, in the Constitution, of dertain rights, shall not be
construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Article X.
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,
nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively,
or to the people. Article XL
The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to
extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one
of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or sub
jects of any foreign state. Article XII.
The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot
for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an
inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they shall name in their
ballots the person to be voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the
person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of
all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-
President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign
and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United
States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the
Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives,
open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person
having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President,
if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ;
and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the
highest number not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as
President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by
ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be
taken by States, the representation from each state having one vote; a
quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to
a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a Presi
dent whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the
fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of
the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-
President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be the majority
of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a major-

AND ITS AMENDMENTS. 205
ity; then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose
the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds
of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number
shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible
to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the
United States. Article XIII.
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a
punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted,
shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their juris
diction. Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro
priate legislation.
Article XIV.
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States, and
of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United
States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction
-the equal protection of the laws.
Sec. 2. Representatives shall be appointed among the several states
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of per
sons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed ; but when the right to
vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the execu
tive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the Legislature
thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being
twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way
abridged except for participation in rebellion or other crimes, the basis of
representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the num
ber of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens
twenty-one years of age in such state.
Sec. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress,
or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or
military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previ
ously taken an oath as a Member of Congress, or as an officer of the
United States, or as a member of any state Legislature, or as an execu
tive or judicial officer Of any state to support the Constitution of the
United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the
same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may,
by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability.
Sec. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States author
ized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and boun
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be ques
tioned. But neither the United States nor any state shall pay any debt
ok obligation incurred in the aid of insurrection or rebellion against the
United States, or any loss or emancipation of any slave, but such debts,
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.

206

constitution of the united states.

Sec. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate
legislation, the provisions of this act.
Article XV.
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall
not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on
account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Sec. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro
priate legislation.

ELECTORS OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT.
November 7, 1876.

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Practical Rules for Every Day Use.

How to find the gain or loss per cent, when the cost and selling price
are given. Rule. — Find the difference between the cost and selling price, which
will be the gain or loss.
Annex two ciphers to the gain or loss, and divide it by the cost
price ; the result will be the gain or loss per cent.
How to change gold into currency.
Rule. — Multiply the given sum of gold by the price o;f gold.
How to change currency into gold.
Divide the amount in currency by the price of gold.
How to find each partner's share of the gain or loss in a copartnership
business. Rule. — Divide the whole gain or loss by the entire stock, the quo
tient will be the gain or loss per cent.
Multiply each partner's stock by this per cent., the result will be
each one's share of the gain or loss.
How to find gross and net weight and price of hogs.
A short and simple method for finding the net weight, or price of hogs,
when the gross weight or price is given, and vice versa.
Notb.— It is generally assumed that the gross weight of Hogs diminished hy 1-5 or 20 per cent.
of itself gives the net weight, and the net weight increased hy H or 25 per cent, of itself equals the
gross weight. To find the net weight or gross price.
Multiply the given number by .8 (tenths.)
To find the gross weight or net price.
Divide the given number by .8 (tenths.)
How to find the capacity of a granary, bin, or wagon-bed.
Rule. — Multiply (by short method) the number of cubic feet by
6308, and point off one decimal place — the result will be the correct
answer in bushels and tenths of a bushel.
For only an approximate answer, multiply the cubic feet by 8, and
point off one decimal place.
How to find the contents of a corn-crib.
Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 54, short method, or
(207)

208 miscellaneous information.
by 4J ordinary method, and point off one decimal place — the result will
be the answer in bushels.
Note.— In estimating corn In the ear, the quality and the time it lias been cribbed must be taken
into consideration, since corn will shrink considerably during the Winter and Spring. This rule generally holds
good for corn measured at the time it is cribbed, provided lt is sound and clean.
How to find the contents of a cistern or tank.
Rule. — Multiply the square of the mean diameter by the depth (all
in feet) and this product by 5681 (short method), and point off one
decimal place — the result will be the contents in barrels of 31i gallons.
How to find the contents of a barrel or cask.
Rule. — Under the . square of the mean diameter, write the length
(all in inches) in reversed order, so that its units will fall under the
tens ; multiply by short method, and this product again by 430 ; point
off one decimal place, and the result will be the answer in wine gallons.
How to measure boards.
Rule. — Multiply the length (in feet) by the width (in inches) and
divide the product by 12 — the result will be the contents in square feet.
How to measure scantlings, joists, planks, sills, etc.
Rule. — Multiply the width, the thickness, and the length together
(the width and thickness in inches, and the length in feet), and divide
the product by 12 — the result will be square feet.
How to find the number of acres in a body of land.
Rule. — Multiply the length by the width (in rods), and divide the
product by 160 (carrying the division to 2 decimal places if there is a
remainder) ; the result will be the answer in acres and hundredths.
When the opposite sides of a piece of land are of unequal length,
add them together and take one-half for the mean length or width.
How to find the number of square yards in a floor or wall.
Rule. — Multiply the length by the width or height (in feet), and
divide the product by 9, the result will be square yards.
How to find the number of bricks required in a building.
Rule. — Multiply the number of cubic feet by 22£.
The number of cubic feet is found by multiplying the length, height
and thickness (in feet) together.
Bricks are usually made 8 inches long, 4 inches wide, and two inches,
thick ; hence, it requires 27 bricks to make a cubic foot without mortar,
but it is generally assumed that the mortar fills 1-6 of the space.
How to find the number of shingles required in a roof.
Rule. — Multiply the number of square feet in the roof by 8, if the
shingles are exposed 4i inches, or by 7 1-5 if exposed 5 inches.
To find the number of square feet, multiply the length of the roof by
twice the length of the rafters.

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 209
To find the length of the rafters, at one-fourth pitch, multiply the
width of the building by .56 (hundredths) ; at one-third pitch, by .6
(tenths) ; at two-fifths pitch, by .64 (hundredths) ; at one-half
pitch, by .71 (hundredths). This gives the length of the rafters from
the apex to the end of the wall, and whatever they are to project must be
taken into consideration.
Note.— By U or % pitch is meant that the apex or comb of the roof is to be X or M the width of the
building higher than the walls or base of the rafters.
How to reckon the cost of hay.
Rule. — Multiply the number of pounds by half the price per ton,
and remove the decimal point three places to the left.
How to measure grain.
Rule. — Level the grain ; ascertain the space it occupies in cubic
feet ; multiply the number of cubic feet by 8, and point off one place to
the left. Note.— Exactness requires the addition to every three hundred bushels of one extra bushel.
The foregoing rule may be used for finding the number of gallons, by
multiplying the number of bushels by 8.
If the corn in the box is in the ear, divide the answer by 2, to find
the number of bushels of shelled corn, because it requires 2 bushels of ear
corn to make 1 of shelled corn.
Rapid rules for measuring land without instruments.
In measuring land, the first thing to ascertain is the contents of any
given plot in square yards ; then, given the number of yards, find out the
number of rods and acres.
The most ancient and simplest measure of distance is a step. Now,
an ordinary-sized man can train himself to cover one yard at a stride, on
the average, with sufficient accuracy for ordinary purposes.
To make use of this means of measuring distances, it is essential to
walk in a straight line -; to do this, fix the eye on two objects in a line
straight ahead, one comparatively near, the other remote ; and, in walk
ing, keep these objects constantly in line.
Farmers and others by adopting the following simple and ingenious con
trivance, may always carry with them the scale to construct a correct yard
measure. Take a foot rule, and commencing at the base of the little finger of
the left hand, mark the quarters of the foot on the outer borders of the
left arm, pricking in the marks with indelible ink.
To find how many rods in length will make an acre, the width being given.
Rule. — Divide 160 by the width, and the quotient will be the answer.

210 MISCELLANEOUS information.
How to find the number of acres in any plot of land, the number of rods
being given.
Rule. — Divide the number of rods by 8, multiply the quotient by 5,
and remove the decimal point two places to the left.
The diameter being given, to find the circumference.
Rule. — Multiply the diameter by 3 1-7.
How to find the diameter, when the circumference is given.
Rule. — Divide the circumference by 3 1-7.
To find how many solid feet a round stick of timber of the same thick
ness throughout will contain when squared.
Rule. — Square half the diameter in inches, multiply by 2, multiply
by the length in feet, and divide the product by 144.
General rule for measuring timber, to find the solid contents in feet.
Rule. — Multiply the depth in inches by the breadth in inches, and
then multiply by the length in feet, and divide by 144.
To find the number of feet of timber in trees with the bark on.
Rule. — Multiply the square of one-fifth of the circumference in
inches, by twice the length, in feet, and divide by 144. Deduct 1-10 to
1-15 according to the thickness of the bark.
Howard's new rule for computing interest.
Rule. — The reciprocal of the rate is the time for which the interest
on any sum of money will be shown by simply removing the decimal
point two places to the left ; for ten times that time, remove the point
one place to the left ; for 1-10 of the same time, remove the point three
places to the left.
Increase or diminish the results to suit the time given.
Note.— The reciprocal of the rate is found by inverting the rate ; thus 3 per cent, per month, in.
verted, becomes % of a month, or 10 clays.
When the rate is expressed by one figure, always write it thus : 3-1,
three ones.
Rule for converting English into American currency.
Multiply the pounds, with the shillings and pence stated in decimals,
by 400 plus the premium in fourths, and divide the product by 90.
U. S. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURE.
A township — 36 sections each a mile square.
A section — 640 acres.
A quarter section, half a mile square — 160 acres.
An eighth section, half a mile long, north and south, and a quarter
of a mile wide — 80 acres.
Ajeixteenth section, a quarter of a mile square — 40 acres.

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 211
The sections are all numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the north-east
corner. The sections are divided into quarters, which are named by the
cardinal points. The quarters are divided in the same way. The de
scription of a forty acre lot would read : The south half of the west half of
the south-west quarter of section 1 in township 24, north of range 7 west,
or as the case might be ; and sometimes will fall short and sometimes
overrun the number of acres it is supposed to contain.
The nautical mile is 795 4-5 feet longer than the common mile.
SURVEYORS' MEASURE.
7 92-100 inches  :  make 1 link.
25 links  " 1 rod.
4 rods  " 1 chain.
80 chains  " 1 mile.
Note. — A chain is 100 links, equal to 4 rods or 66 feet.
Shoemakers formerly used a subdivision of the inch called a barley
corn ; three of which made an inch.
Horses are measured directly over the fore feet, and the standard of
measure is four inches — called a hand.
In Biblical and other old measurements, the term span is sometimes
used, which is a length of nine inches.
The sacred cubit of the Jews was 24.024 inches in length.
The common cubit of the Jews was 21.704 inches in length.
A pace is equal to a yard or 36 inches.
A fathom is equal to 6 feet.
A league is three miles, but its length is variable, for it is strictly
speaking a nautical term, and should be three geographical miles, equal
to 3.45 statute miles, but when used on land, three statute miles are said
to be a league.
In cloth measure an aune is equal to li yards, or 45 inches.
An Amsterdam ell is equal to 26.796 inches.
A Trieste ell is equal to 25.284 inches.
A Brabant ell is equal to 27.116 inches.
HOW TO KEEP ACCOUNTS-
Every farmer and mechanic, whether he does much or little business,
should keep a record of his transactions in a clear and systematic man
ner. For the benefit of those who have not had the opportunity of ac
quiring a primary knowledge of the principles of book-keeping, we here
present a simple form of keeping accounts which is easily comprehended,
and well adapted to record the business transactions of farmers, mechanics
and laborers.

212

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

1875.

A. H. JACKSON.

Dr.

Cr.

Jan.

10

u

17

Feb.

4

U

4

March

8

u

8

(C

13

u

27

April u

99

May

6
24

July

4

To 7 bushels Wheat   at $1.25
By shoeing span of Horses  
To 14 bushels Oats  at $ .45
To 5 lbs. Butter..   i  at .25
By new Harrow.  ; 
By sharpening 2 Plows 
By new Double-Tree   
To Cow and Calf. _  
To half ton of Hay   
By Cash  
By repairing Corn-Planter    _
To one Sow with Pigs  
By Cash, to balance account   _

48 6

17

$2 18 2

25 4
35

50

004025

0075 15

05

1875.

CASSA MASON.

Dr.

Cr.

Marcl ua
May u

i 21
21 23 1 1
19 2610
29 12
12 1

To 2 Shoats  
To 18 bushels Corn 
By 1 month's Labor  

 at 3.00
 .at .45

$6 8
10 22
2018

00 10
0075 70
00 20

$3 25 1218 9

75on

To Cash .  

June u

By 8 days' Mowing  
To 50 lbs. Flour 

 .at $1.50

00

July U
Aug.

To 27 lbs. Meat 
To Cash 

 .at $" .16
 at 2.00
 at 1.50

0000

Sept.

To Cash to balance account  .  ..

$67
75
$67
75
INTEREST TABLE.
A Simple Kule for accurately Computing Interest at Ant Given Per Cent.
Length op Time.
for Any
Multiply the principal (amount of money at interest) by the time reduced to days; then divide this product
by the quotiient obtained by dividing 360 (the number of days in the Interest year) by the per cent, of interest,
and the quotient thus obtained will be the required Interest. '
illustration. Solution.
Require the interest of $462.50 for one month and eighteen days at 6 per cent. An $462.50
Interest month is 30 days; one month and eighteen days equal 48 days. $462.50 multi- .48
piled by .48 gives $2220000; 360 divided hy 6 (the per cent, of interest) gives 60, and 
$222.0000 divided by 60 will give you the exact interest, which is $3.70. Ifthe rate of 370000
interest in the above example were 12 per cent., we would divide the $222.0000 by 30 6)360 \ 185000
(because 360 divided by 12 gives 30); if 4 per cent., we would divide by 90; if 8 per  1 
cent., by 45; and in like manner for any other per cent. 60/$222.0000($3.70 180 420 420
00
MISCELLANEOUS TABLE.
12 units, or things, 1 Dozen. I 196 pounds, 1 Barrel of Flour. I 24 sheets of paper, 1 Quire.
12 dozen, 1 Gross. 200 pounds, 1 Barrel of Pork. 20 quires paper 1 Ream.
20 things, 1 Score. 56 pounds, 1 Firkin of Butter. | 4 ft. wide, 4 ft. high, and 8 ft. long, 1 Cord Wood.
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 213
NAMES OF THE STATES OF THE UNION, AND THEIR SIGNIFICATIONS.
Virginia. — The oldest of the States, was so called in honor of Queen
Elizabeth, the "Virgin Queen," in whose reign Sir Walter Raleigh made
his first attempt to colonize that region.
Florida. — Ponce de Leon landed on the coast of Florida on Easter
Sunday, and called the country in commemoration of the day, which was
the Pasqua Florida of the Spaniards, or " Feast of Flowers."
Louisiana was called after Louis the Fourteenth, who at one time
owned that section of the country.
Alabama was so named by the Indians, and signifies " Here we Rest."
Mississippi is likewise an Indian name, meaning " Long River."
Arkansas, from Kansas, the Indian word for " smoky water." Its
prefix was really arc, the French word for " bow."
The Carolinas were originally one tract, and were called "Carolana,"
after Charles the Ninth of France.
Georgia owes its name to George the Second of England, who first
established a colony there in 1732.
Tennessee is the Indian name for the " River of the Bend," i. e., the
Mississippi which forms its western boundary.
Kentucky is the Indian name for " at the head of the river."
Ohio means "• beautiful ; " Iowa, " drowsy ones ; " Minnesota, " cloudy
water," and Wisconsin, " wild-rushing channel."
Illinois is derived from the Indian word illini, men, and the French
suffix ot's, together signifying "tribe of men."
Michigan was called by the name given the lake, fish-weir, which was
so styled from its fancied resemblance to a fish trap.
Missouri is from the Indian word " muddy," which more properly
applies to the river that flows through it.
Oregon owes its Indian name also to its principal river.
Cortes named California.
Massachusetts is the Indian for " The country around the great hills."
Connecticut, from the Indian Quon-ch-ta-Cut, , signifying "Long
River." Maryland, after Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles the First, of
England. New York was named by the Duke of York.
Pennsylvania means " Penn's woods," and was so called after William
Penn, its orignal owner.

214

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

Delaware after Lord De La Ware.
New Jersey, so called in honor of Sir George Carteret, who was
Governor of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel.
Maine was called after the province of Maine in France, in compli
ment of Queen Henrietta of England, who owned that province.
Vermont, from the French word Vert Mont, signifying Green
Mountain. New Hampshire, from Hampshire county in England. It was
formerly called Laconia.
The little State of Rhode Island owes its name to the Island of
Rhodes in the Mediterranean, which domain it is said to greatly
resemble. Texas is the American word for the Mexican name by which all that
section of the country was called before it was ceded to the United States.

POPULATION OF THE
UNITED STATES.

States and Territories.
Alabama 
Arkansas 
California 
Con necticut 
Delaware 
Florida 
Georgia 
Illinois 
Indi ana 
Iowa 
Kansas 
Ken tucky 
Louisiana 
Maine 
Maryland 
Massachusetts  — 
Michigan 
Minnesota 
Mississippi 
Missouri 
Nebraska 
Nevada 
New Hampshire 
New Jersey 
New York 
North Carolina 
Ohio 
Oregon 
Pennsylvania 
Rhode Island 
South Carolina 
Ten nessee 
Texas 
Vermont 
Virginia 
West Virginia 
Wisconsin 
Total States 
Arizona 
Colorada 
Dakota 
District of Columbia 
Idaho 
Montana 
New Mexico 
Utah 
Washington 
Wyoming 
Total Territories 
Total United States 

Total
Population.

996.992
484,471 560,247537,454125,015187,748
.184,109,539,891,680,637,191.792 364,399
,321,011 726,915626,915780.894
,457,351,184,059 439.706 827,922
,721.295 122,993 42.491
318.300906.096
,382.759
,071,361,665,260 90,923
521,791
217.353 705,606258,520818,579330.551225,163442,014054,670

!,113,253

9,658
39,864 14,181
131.700 14,999
20,595 91,874 86,78623.955 9,118

442,730

38,555,983

POPULATION OF FIFTY
PRINCIPAL CITIES.

New York, N. Y 
Philadelphia, Pa 
Brooklyn, N. Y.:....
St. Louis, Mo 
Chicago, 111 
Baltimore, Md 
Boston, Mass 
Cincinnati, Ohio 
New Orleans, La. ...
San Francisco, Cal. .
Buffalo, N.Y 
Washington, D. C...
Newark, N. J 
Louisville, Ky 
Cleveland, Ohio 
Pittsburg, Pa 
Jersey City, N. J 
Detroit, Mich 
Milwaukee, Wis 
Albany, N.Y 
Providence, R. I 
Rochester, N. Y 
Allegheny, Pa 
Richmond, Va 
New Haven, Conn..
Charleston, S. C 
Indianapolis, Ind 
Troy, NTY 
Syracuse, N. Y 
Worcester, Mass 
Lowell, Mass 
Memphis, Tenn 
Cambridge, Mass. ..
Hartford, Conn 
Scranton, Pa 
Reading, Pa 
Paterson, N.J 
Kansas City, Mo 
Mobile, Ala 
Toledo, Ohio 
Portland, Me 
Columbus, Ohio 
Wilmington, Del 
Dayton, Ohio 
Lawrence, Mass 
Utica, N. Y 
Charlestown, Mass.
Savannah, Ga 
Lynn. Mass 
Fall River, Mass. . . .

Aggregate
Population.

942,
674,396,
310. 298.
267, 250,
216, 191,149,117, 109.105,100, 92, 86,
82, 79, 71,
69,68,62,53.51.50,48,48,46,43,41,40.40,39, 37,35.33,33. 32,
32, 31,31,31,30. 30.
28, !
28, 28,28, 26,

292022099 864977354526
239418473 714199
059753829076546 577
440422904386 180
038840 956
244465051 105
928226634 180
092 930 579
260034 584
.413 274 841 473
.921 804 3 S3
235 233766

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

215

POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.

States and
Territories.

Area in
square Miles. 1870.

States.
Alabama 
Arkansas 
California 
Connecticut 
Delaware 
Florida 
Georgia 
Illinois 
Indiana 
Iowa 
Kansas 
Kentucky 
Louisiana 
Maine 
Maryland 
Massachusetts . .
Michigan* 
Minnesota 
Mississippi 
Missouri 
Nebraska 
Nevada 
New Hampshire
New Jersey 
New York 
North Carolina..
Ohio 
Oregon 

50
52,
188. 42,
59,58,55,33,55, 81,37,
41, 31, 11, 7,
56,83, 47,65.75,
112,

722 198
981 674 120
268000410 809045 3186U0346776 184
800451 531 156
350995090280320
000 704964244

Population.

484,471 560,247537,454125,015 187,748
1,184,109
2,539,891 1.680,6371,191.792 364,399
1,321,011 726,915626,915780,894
1,457,351
1,184,059 439,706 827,922
1,721,295 123,993 42,491
318,300
906,096
4,382,759 1,071,361
2,665,260 90,923

1875.

MilesR. R.
1872.

1,350,544 528,349

857,039

1,651,912 1,334,031 598,429

246,280 52,540

1,026,502
4,705,208

1,671 25
1,013 820287466
2,108 5,9043,5893.160 1,7601,123 539871820
1,606
2,235 1,612 990
2,580 828593790
1.265
4,470 1,190
3,740 159

* Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874.

States ahd
Territories.

States.
Pennsylvania 
Rhode Island 
South Carolina...
Tennessee 
Texas 
Vermont 
Virginia 
West Virginia 
Wisconsin 

Total States.

Territories.
Arizona 
Colorado 
Dakota 
Dlst. of Columbia.
Idaho 
Montana 
New Mexico 
Utah 
Washington 
Wyoming 
Total Territories.

Area in
square

46,000 1,306
29.385 45,600
237,504 10,212
40,90423,000 53,924

1,950,171

113,916104,500147,490 60
90,932
143.776121.201 80,05669,944 93,107

965,032

Population.

1870.

3,521, 217, 705.
1,258, 818,330,
1,225, 442,
1,054.

38,113,253

9,658
39,864 14,181
131,700 14,999
20,595 91.87486,78623.955 9,118

442,730

1875.

258,239925,145

1,236,729

Miles'R. R.
1872.

5,113 136
1,2011,520 865675
1,490 485
1,725

59,587

498

Aggregate of U. S.. 2,915,203 38,555,983  60,852
* Included in the Railroad Mileage of Maryland.

PRINCIPAL COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD;
Population and Area.

Countries.

Population.

Date of
Census.

Area in
Square Miles.

Inhabitants to Square
Mile.

Population.

China 
British Empire 
Russia 
United States with Alaska.
France 
Austria and Hungary 
Japan 
Great Britain and Ireland.
German Empire 
Italy 
Spain 
Brazil 
Turkey 
Mexico 
Sweden and Norway 
Persia 
Belgium 
Bavaria 
Portugal 
Holland 
>. ew Grenada 
Chili 
Switzerland 
Peru 
Bolivia 
Argentine Republic 
Wurtemburg 
Denmark 
Venezuela 
Baden 
Greece 
Guatemala 
Ecuador 
Paraguay 
Hesse 
Liberia 
San Salvador 
Hayti 
Nicaragua 
Uruguay 
Honduras 
San Domingo 
Costa Rica 
Hawaii 

446,500.000226,817,108 81,925,40038,925,60036,469,80035,904,400 34,785,30031,817,10029,906,092
27.439,921 16,642,00010,000.00016,463,000 9,173.0005,921,5005,000,0005,021,3004,861,4003,995,2003,688.3003,000,0002,000,0002,669,1002,500,0002,000,000 1,812,0001,818,5001,784,700
1,500,000 1,461,400
1,457,9001,180,0001,800,0001,000,000 823,138 718,000600,000572,000350,000300,000350,000 136,000
165.000 62,950

18711871187118701866' 186918711871187118711867

1869 1870 1870
1869 1871
18681870 1870
1869 18701871
'1869 1871 1870187118701871
'1871 18711871
'1871 18711871
'1870

3,741,8464,677,432 8.003,7782,603,884 204,091240.348 149,399 121,315160,207118,847195,775
3,253.029 672,621 761,526
292.871 635,964 11,373
29,29234,494 12,680
357,157 132,616 15,992
471,838497,321 871,848 7,533
14,753
368,238 5,912
19,353
40,879
218,928 63,787 2,9699,576 7,335
10,205
58,17166,722 47,092
17,82721,505 7,633

119.3 48.6 10.2
7.78 -
178.7149.4
232.8262.3 187.
230.9 85. 3.07
24.4

20. 7.8
441.5 165.9
115.8290.9 8.4
15.1
166.9 5.34.2.1
241.4 120.9 4.2
247. 75.328.9 5.9
15.6
277. 74.9 81.856. 6.6.57.47.67.7
80.

Pekin 
London 
St. Petersburg...
Washington 
Paris 
Vienna 
Yeddo 
London 
Berlin 
Rome 
Madrid 
Rio Janeiro 
Constantinople ..
Mexico 
Stockholm 
Teheran 
Brussels 
Munich 
Lisbon 
Hague 
Bogota 
Santiago 
Berne 
Lima 
Chuqui&aca 
Buenos Ayres....
Stuttgart 
Copenhagen 
Caraccas 
Carlsruhe 
Athens 
Guatemala 
Quito 
Asuncion 
Darmstadt 
Monrovia 
Sal Salvador ....
Port au Prince..
Managua 
Monte Video 
Comayagua 
San Domingo....
San Jose 
Honolulu 

1,648,800
3,251,800 667,000 109,199
1,825,300 833,900
1,554,9003,251,800 825,400244,484 332,000
420,000
1,075,000 210.300 136,900 120,000314,100
169,500224,063 90,100
45,000
115,400 36,000
160,100 25,000
177.800 91,600
162,042 47,00036,600 43,40040,00070,00048,00030.000 3,000
15,000
20,000 10,00044,500 12,000
20,000 2,000 7,633

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MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION.

217

POPULATION OF ILLINOIS— Concluded.

COUNTIES.

M'acon 
Macoupin 
Madison 
Marion 
Marshall 
Mason 
Massac 
McDonough.McHenry 
McLean 
Menard 
Mercer 

Monroe 
MontgomeryMorgan 
Moultrie 
Ogle 
Peoria 
Perry 
Piatt 
Pike.. 
Pope  ...
Pulaski 
Putnam 
Randolph 
Richland 
Rock Island.
Saline 
Sangamon ...
Schuyler 
Scott 
Shelby 
Stark 

St. Clair 
Stephenson.. Tazewell 
Union 
Vermilion 
Wabash 
Warren 
Washington.
Wayne 
White 
Whitesides . .
Will... 
Williamson..Winnebago.-.Woodford 

AGGREGATE.

1870. 1860. 1850. 1840. 1830. 1830

2648132726
44I3I 20622 1695016184 9581
26509
23762 53988
H735 18769
12982
25314
28463 IO385
27492
47,540 13723
10953
30768 "437 875^
6280
20859 12803
29783 12714
4&352 1741910530
25476 10751
51068
3060827903 16518
30388 8841
231741759919758 16846
27503
43oi3 17329
29301 18956

Total    2539891

13738
2460231251 12739
13437
10931 6213
200692208928772 9584
150421283213979
22112 6385
22888 36601 95526127
27249 67423943 5587
17205 97"
21005 9331
32274 14684 9069
14613 9004
37694
25112
21470 11181
19800 7313
18336 13731
12223 1240318737
29321 12205
24491 13282

1711951

3988
12355
20441 6720 51805921
4092 7616
1497810163 6349 5246
7679
6277
16064 3234
1002017547 5278 1606
18819 3975
22653924
11079 4012
6937 5588
19228 10573 791478073710
20180 1166612052 7615
1 1492
4690 8176
695368258925536i
16703 7216
"773 4415

851470

30397926
14433 4742 1849

5308
2578
6565
443i 2352
4481
4490
19547

3479
6i53 3222

11728 4094

2131 7944

2610

14716 697262156659 1573
13631 2800 72215524
9303424067394810 51337919
2514
10167 4457 4609

476183

1990
6221 2125

(*)

26
20002953
12714

1215

23963316

«3io 4429

12960
£2959

2972

7078

4716 32395836
2710 308
1675
25536091

157445

1355°

1516

2610
3492

5248

2362

15171114
4828

*49
55162

PRODUCTIONS OF AGRICULTURE, STATE OF ILLINOIS, BY C0UNTIES.-I870.

COUNTIES.
Total 

Adams 
Alexander ...
Bond 
Boone 
Brown 
Bureau 
Calhoun 
Carroll 
Cass 
Champaign...Christian 
Clark 
Clay 
Clinton 
Coles 
Cook 
Crawford 
Cumberland. DeKalb 
DeWitt 
Douglas 
DuPage 
Edgar 
Edwards 
Effingham 
Fayette 
Ford 
Franklin 
Fulton 
Gallatin 
Greene 
Grundy 
Hamilton 
Hancock 
Hardin 
Henderson. .
Henry 
Iroquois 
Jackson 
Jasper . .
Jefferson 
Jersey . ...
JoDaviess. ..
Johnson. 
Kane 
Kankakee 
Kendall 
Knox 
Lake 
LaSalle 
Lawrence ...
Lee 
Livingston...Logan 
Macon 
Macoupin 
Madison 
Marion 
Marshall 
Mason 
Massac 
McDonough..
McHenry 
McLean 
Menard 
Mercer. 
Monroe 
Montgomery.Morgan 
Moultrie 
Ogle 
Peoria 
Perry 
Piatt 
Pike 
Pope 
Pulaski 
Putnam 
Randolph 
Richland 
Rock Island..
Saline 
Sangamon 
Schuyler 
Scott 
Shelby 
Stark 
St. Clair 
Stephenson...
Tazewell 
Union 
Vermilion 
Wabash 
"Warren 
Washington.. Wayne 
White 
Whitcsides...
Will 
Williamson ...
Winnebago 
Woodford 

Improved Land.

Number.
19.329.952

287.926 13,836
145,045137,307 57,062
398,611 37,684
186.864 92.902
419,368241.472 118.594 146.922150,177
208.337 348.824 105,505 75,342
334,502 168.539147,633164,874
265,458 58,912
120,343
187,196 141.228 80,749
228,132 49,572
175,408 193,999 88.996
311.517 28,117
140,954
265,904
322,510 78,548
90,867
118,951 94,147
156.517 57,820
240.120312,182 164.004
330,829
207,779 533,724 87,828
322,212 377.505
321,709205,259231.059257,032 173.081166,057
209,453 25,151
261,635230.566494.978 134,173
222.809 92,810
276,682293,450 144,220
316.883 170,729 93,75494,454
233.785 55.980 19,319
37,271
140.764 75,079
155.214 72,309
421,748 96,19585,331
310,179 138,129
231,117 254,857
229,126 75,832
360,251 54.063
266.187 177 592
147,352 92,398
289,809419,442 128,448
241,373225,504

Number,
5,061.578

112,576 17,761
42,61329,88635,49141.86663.44329,79333,493 16,78919,803
102,201 80,61248.86845,214 19,635
78,350 40,33417,722
29.548 11,89717,24366,80357,58556.330
93,460 2,9963,994
123.823 68,750
93,242 6,256
93,87843,385
44,77134,705 12,620
22,47887,64267,02394,88851,427
82,07b 3
34,646 10,97814,244
41,56621,07248.11772,738 12,07112,462
17,394 18,153
81,22489.45061.57928,261'31,73933.39052,54';53.29340,36634.931
45,977 83,369
47,80460,21724,78343,64348,66668,470 5,978
128,953 87,754 12.516
17.184
162.274 50,61831,23970.39351.085 62.477
44,63374.908 12.375
76,591
43.167 45,26883,60653,07837.558
27,294 55.852
146,794 78.167
21,82324,261
116,949 37,238
25,217

Other un
improved

Number. 1,491.331

19,370

1,915
2,658
25.608 15.803 2,754
33,302 6,604
58,502 19.173 5,420 5.225
8,7223,274
17,337
27,185 5,6046.551
17,633 7,316
3.851
14,282 830
26,206 16,786
63,97686,710 4,0762.565
29.653 4,505 3,343
18.480 107
14,24331,45963,498 5,991
12.25U 778
1,363
45,77979,141 399
10,598 2,283
25,15524,399 2.356 3,2737,409
41,788 408
9.1157,343
13,675 4,1422,976
31,013 30
14,03557,998
49,087 13,952
22,588 666
8,4951.376
13,112 14,913 2,516 220
13,897 9,302

4.174 1.170
2 025
20,755 809
19,932
21,294 1,6109,314
2,7832,016
13,70114,846 5,300
31.122 509
14,583 1.931
10,486 869
37.310 6,335 1,648
15,237
23,13511

Bushels.
10.133.207

Winter Wheat.

Bushels.
19.995.198

Rye.

Bushels.
2.456.578

Indian Corn.

Bushels.
129.921.395

16,191

700
241,042 13,276
465,236 75
418,073 12,165
102.577 18,360

1,894 500
2.651
144,296 60
550
398,059 106,493 7.683
106,096 13,283

77

42,571 365
193,669

21,700 129
181,378 13
161,112
462,379 57,160 890

282,758

188,826
103,466 90,681
267,764 168,914
271,181

450.793 120,206198.056 55,239 16055li

106,129 73,261

273,871 401,790
211,801 36,152
289,291

59
18,19617,128
497,038 92,361

26,382 130

28,137 450

243,541 200
89,30456,221 18
15,52b
124,630 2,550
527,394132,417

44,806
"186,290
 266

457,455 195,286 176
408.606 118.1881

947.616 42.658
368.625 599
117.502 724
221,298 260
127,054123,091
504,041195.118 85.737
610,888154,485 4,904
212,924 84,697 190
11,69565,461 693
247,360 122,703195,716
351,310 1,008
111.324
223.930 83.093
577,400 1511
92,347
232.7511 32.306 69,062 445
10,480
329.03b 87.808
100,553
558,367 555
92.191 325480
1,2497,654 221
2,193
264,134 2,260 1,339
40,968
196.613861.39S
1,207,181 173,65!; 900
125.628 72,31b36,14b 270
10.955
45.793 13,203
651,76^744,891
357,523 196.436 5,580
31.843
350,446 39.762
1 057,497 70.45744,922 796
1,031,022 150,268 2.279
83.01 1
247.658 165,724
266,105
452,015

1,562 621
2,118
72,410
180,231
249.558202.201 5,712
672,486 164,689184,321 264
1.996
170,787 2.4KR
IC>rt,SO?i

20,989 30
6,240
35,871 4,742
43,811 186
25.721 2.772
45,752 10,722 7,308
3.221 1,619
8,825
20,171 15.497 14,798
21,018 11540 9,0177.532
37,508 528
19,759
25.328 11,577 5.195
131,711 512415
4,931
11.672
133,533 865
96,43035,766
23,256 524
9,1665,934

7.185
2,46s
23.618 12,935 5.16:-
113.547 5.87i
48,30s 1,121
14,826
26,16:- 37.232
29,22fc 2.404 3,685
1"4,517
36,13549,182 544
52.40129,26139.824 4,283
40.77S 1,4253,2965,535
6,670
157,504 99,50* 1,016
9.248
25,303 2,309 222
7.7073,235
3.401
20,003 568
23,073 20,841 930
23,68630,534 1,008
135,362 59.027 1,737
52,476

72,212 2,576 8,665 418
31.658 8.030 6,228
197.0SH SrfS.iSK

1,452,905 244,220
1,064,052 466,985337.769
3,030.404 234,041
1.367 965
1,146.9803,924.7201,883.836 614.582
1,019.994 813.257
2,133.11 570,42.581,964
403.075
1,023.8491,311,6351,680,225 331,981
2,107,615 352.371620. 247
962.525565,671653,209
1,508,763 509,491
1,051.313 295,971735,25V
1,510.401 172.651
1,712.901
2,541,683 799,810611,951461,345887,981
519.1211
1,286,32b 343,29s
674,333 637.396
681,267
2,708,316 517,353
3.077.02S 656,36:
1,656,97s
1.182,6914,221,641'2,214.4661,051,544
2.127.549 1,034,0571,182,903
2,648.721 133,12b
1,362,491!1,148,005
3,723.3761.973.88'
2,054,962 543.71S
1,527,898
3,198,835 1,753.141 1,787,066 969,224384,446
1,029.7251,399,188 315,958 195.735
334,259 510,081'
482.59-1
1.459,653 531,511,
4,388.763 440,975 752,771
2.082.578 1,149 878
1,423.1211.615,679
2,062,053 679,753
2,818.027 421,361
2,982,853 836.115
1.179,291 870,521
2,162,943 1.131.458 655,710
1 9arr Ana
'¦: ihh 7 :l:l

Bushels.
42.780.851

759,074 21,627
461,097579.127 70,852
987,426 26.231
775,100168,784
721,375383,821
212.628
269.945 446,324315.954
1,584,225 136,255
171,880
1,087,074 216,756225,074860,809
290,679 129,152
386.073
497,395 154,589
222,426261,390 27,164 64,029
269,332203,464 579,599 26,991
229,286 668.367
430,746 149,931
149,214
285,949 71.770
874,016 74,525
785.608
772,408468,890787,952699.069
1,509.642 131,386
903,197 659,300
490,226454.648459,417 475,252
389,446 362.604
272,660 22,097
280,717910.397911,127
235.091 452,889 152,251
668,424 198,724
263,992 141.540
334,892338,760 130,610 161,419 67,886 16,511
86,519
414,487204.634276.575 69.793
397,718 119.359 13,462
637.812316.726476.851960.620505,841 124.473
436.051 110,793
601,054 533.398
404.483 119.653
880.838
1,868.682 180,986
pes poo

GEN. ALLEN C. FULLER
BELVIDERE.

History of Boone County.

' PHYSICAL GEOGEAPHY,.
The physical geography of Boone County is not remarkable, the gen
eral face of its surface being not dissimilar to that of the counties by which it
is immediately surrounded. The townships of Spring and Flora, and all
that part of the county south of the Kishwaukee is, properly speaking, (Shat-
tuck's Grove excepted,) a treeless prairie — not level, however, but a series of
long, low, undulating rolls, and low ranges of hills and ridges. In some
places there are swales and sloughs of limited extent, between moist marshes
and black, fat meadow lands. A few trees skirt along Coon creek in the
southwest part of the county, and scattered patches of timber in one or two
other places relieve the level landscape. A broad, rich comparatively level
prairie, these sections still preserve some of that primitive beauty from
which Spring and Flora townships derived their names. . In .the report of
Prof. A. EL Worthen, State Geologist, published in 1873, he says of this
section : " Before the busy, teeming millions of the sons of toil swarmed
over the fertile West, prairie flowers, in spring-like beauty and autumnal
glory, bloomed where now the glancing plow-share turns the spring furrow,
and the golden-ripened wheat fields dally with the fugitive winds. The
purple and golden clouds of flowers that used to lie on these prairies are
now no more ; but in their place, the tasselled Indian corn waves its head, and
men are growing rich from the cultivation in useful crops of these old
flower-beds of nature."
North of the Kishwaukee the country changes in appearance, becoming
more rolling ; and, although still good for agricultural purposes, the soil
becomes thinner and lighter colored. More streams are found. These are
margined with hills, to some extent, and hilly barrens. There "are
wide stretches of rather light timber and brushwood that extend for miles
along these streams and over the intervening highlands. Occasionally a
better grove of timber may be found. Small prairies, prairie openings, and
long* stretches of prairie still exist in every direction." The same general
remarks apply to this portion of the county, except that wet and swampy
laud, in which many of the streams of the county take their origin.
The northwestern part of the county has considerable prairie, as well
as much wet land; the northeastern has more timber, and is higher
and dryer, and on towards the " Big Foot " prairie, iu Wisconsin, contains
good farming lands. '
The timber for the most part consists of black, white, burr, red, yellow
and some other rarer varieties of the oak, black walnut and butternut, shell
bark and common hickory, cottonwood, sugar maple, honey locust, sycamore,
water and slippery elm, haw, dogwood, common poplar, white and red ash,
red cedar, white pine, linden or basswood, common swamp willow, and a

222

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.

few other shrubs and plants. The groves in this part of the county are
made up principally of the common black and white oaks to be met with in
the poorer-timbered regions of northern Illinois. The alluvial lands skirt
ing the larger streams are the only places where many of the above species
of trees are to be found.
For the most part the county is well watered, and most admirably
adapted to stock raising and agricultural purposes, for which it has become
so noted, her products being second to no county in the northwest in pro
portion to her size. The Kishwaukee enters it on the east, not far from the
centre of the eastern line of Bonus township, and crosses in long, easy-flow
ing curves, entering Winnebago County at the village of Cherry Valley.
The water is reasonably clear and of moderate current. Coon Creek comes
in from the southeast, and falls into it near the centre of Bonus township.
On the north is the Piscasaw, which discharges its waters into the Kish
waukee above the Big Thunder Mills, a short distance east of Belvidere.
Beaver Creek comes in at the northeastern corner of the county, flows in
a direction west of south, and joins the Kishwaukee a short distance above
the village of Cherry Valley. Some smaller streams, having their sources
in the township of Manchester, find their way towards Rock river.
GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS.
[Compilei from the Geological Survey of Illinois^]
The Cincinnati group and the upper division of the Trenton limestones
are the only rocks which outcrop, or in any manner show themselves, 'in
this county. About the northwestern .corner, extending to even some dis
tance within its borders, the middle and lower Trenton limestones doubtless
are the underlying rocks ; but they nowhere outcrop, that could be noticed
by the surveyor. The deposits ot the Quaternary system are extensive in
the county, covering it over in many places to a great depth. It will thus
be seen that the geological formations of Boone County are few, and its
geology comparatively simple. The following sections of the rocks exposed
and the superficial deposits, is comparatively correct, although nothing but
an approximation to the thickness of the latter can be given:
SECTION OF FORMATION IN BOONE COUNTY.
Alluvial, principally partially stratified clays, sands and fine gravels, along the Kishwau
kee, with loams and surface soils— 20 feet.
Light-colored, velvely, tough, tenacious, impervious potter's clay — 30 feet. .
Ordinary drift deposits, consisting ofthe usual sands, gravels, hard pan and clays— 3d feet.
Cincinnati shales; the formation much deeper, but worked to a depth of— 18 feet.
The Galena limestone, worked— 35 feet.
Lower Trenton limestones — unknown. SURFACE GEOLOGY.
The surface geology consists of the usual Quaternary deposits, except
that the loess is perhaps entirely wanting. The alluvial deposits along the
small streams are narrow, rich and black. On the Kishwaukee they are
wider and deeper, intermingled with sands and fine gravels, and bear, in
places, a heavy growth of bottom timber. The usual thin prairie soils,
swamp mucks and peats of various degrees of purity and ripeness, make up
the rest.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. > 223
The drift proper is a heavy body of abraded and transported materials.
Over that part of the county underlaid by the Cincinnati shales, there is a
thinner superficial deposit of a fine, laminated, comminuted clay, of a light
ashy or blue color, bearing mingled evidence of deposition in still waters
and the dissolving in situ of the underlying clayey shale rocks. No exten
sive gravel beds exist; but occasional large boulders may be noticed, more
especially lying about the low, springy places.
But leaving the gently rolling prairies, and going northward to the
region underlaid by the Galena limestone, the reddish clays, hard-pan and
coarse gravel beds of the [upper members of the drift largely predominate.
A few miles west of Capron are localities where boulders of the average
size of a man's head lay thickly strewn over the ground. These were
noticed to lie thickest where boggy and springy "places were met with, sur
rounded by rougher and more rolling land. The boulders are all from the
metaphoric regions of the north, and consist of granite, gneiss, hornblende,
trap, and some other varieties, with their various combinations. Across the
w^ioie northern part of the county, these boulders were noticed in greater
or less abundance, associated with clays, and sometimes clayey sands.
Across the central part of the county the coarse gravel beds, unstratified
hard-pan and partially stratified clays, make up the surface coverings of the
rocks. Under these, all over this region, laminated clays rest upon the in
durated rocks below. Some of the gravel beds northwest of Caledonia 'are
almost a mile long, and several feet deep. They are made up of materials
very much rounded and abraded, are partially stratified and the gravel is ot
all sizes, intermingled with clean sand. A low drift hill of gravelly clay lies
close to Belvidere, on which the court-house stands, in the banks of the
Kishwaukee, a short distance below the bridge between the north and south
parts of the city, on the north side of the stream, are outcrops of the bank
of tenacious potter's clay, before referred to. It runs under at least a part
of the city, and in one place, borings for some public work showed it to be
some seventy feet in thickness. At another locality, some workmen were
sinking a well, when after going through this deposit, which was there much
thinner, water rushed into the well so fast that the men could hardly get out
in safety. The traditional stories of nuggets of copper having been found among
the gravel and boulders were not confirmed by the survey. In prosecuting
his work, Prof. Worthen, the geologist, says that in connection with his
observations upon the drift, he watched closely in order to detect.indications
of glacial action, but that he was forced, somewhat reluctantly, to admit that
atmospheric and chemical agencies and aqueous forces probably explained
most of the phenomena connected with these superficial deposits. In the
morraine-like hillocks of Ogle county, in his opinion, glacial action was
more manifest.
The Cincinnati Shales. — The shaley rocks of this deposit underlie
nearly all that part of the county south of the Kishwaukee. Coon Creek,
doubtless, cuts down to the Galena; but all the prairie ridges show the out-
croppings of the former rocks, although worked exposures are rare. In
fact, says the report, there are but two good stone quarries in Boone
County: one in the Cincinnati shales, five or six miles south of Belvidere,
and one in the Galena limestone, three or four miles northwest of the city.
The former of these is opened in the brow of a low hill. A few feet of
clay and subsoil is stripped from the surface of the shingly rocks. The

224 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
formation is quariied into about eighteen feet in depth, and great quantities
of stone have been removed aud hauled for many miles over the surround
ing country, and into the city of Belvidere. The quarry, or rather series
of quarries, is a source of profit, not so much on account of the valuable
properties of the stone, as on account of the ease with which they can be
quarried and the scarcity of all kinds of stone in the county. We noticed
here flagging stones twelve by twenty-one feet and three or four inches
thick, without an apparent crack. In some parts of the rocky walls, where
exposed to the air, the rock is crumbling and decaying rapidly. About
Garden Prairie, this formation is quarried and hauled north and northwest
for a distance of seven and eight miles, for purposes of ordinary stone
masonry. It is not worked at any other place in the county. No natural
outcrops exist, on account of the ease with which it disintegrates and
covers up its natural outcrops; but it is not difficult to trace its boundaries
by the gently undulating elevations, the marshy springs along their base,
the color of the waters that trickle down the slopes, and the nature of the
overlying clays themselves.
The formation here is unfossiliferous to a high degree. Nothing but a
few indistinct tracings of fucoids or sea weeds were noticed.
The Galena Limestone. — Two-thirds of the county, perhaps, is under
laid by the lead-bearing rocks of the Trenton limestone. And yet in all
this extent of superficial area, there is but one good outcrop, and one place
where the Galena is worked to any extent or advantage. This is at the
exposure on Beaver Creek, three and a half miles west of Belvidere. The
quarry is worked to a depth of thirty-five feet. The stone is massive and
solid. Some of the bottom layers are from six (o eight feet in thickness.
Much stone has been quarried for the railroad bridge at Belvidere, and for
building purposes in the surrounding country.
The country round the quarry is barrens and oak openings, with brush
wood and a thin, whitish soil. The upper strata of this outcrop are thin
enough to be readily removed with pick and wedge and crow-bar ; but the
lower ones can only be displaced by patient blasting. Here Prof. Worthen
found many of the characteristic fossils, such as lieceptaculites sulcata,
Murchisonia gracilis, M. gigas, Pleurotomaria angulata, Ambonychia,
Bellerophon, and fragments of Orthocera.
"My examinations," continues Prof. Worthen, "indicate that both Beaver
Creek and the Piscasaw, for their whole length in this county, are underlaid
by the Galena limestone. From Belvidere, on a line east of north, in
the townships of Bonus, Boone and Leroy to Capron, and on nearly to the
State line; thence west a few miles; thence south along the center town
ship line of the county through Poplar Grove, to the starting point; thence
northwest to Caledonia, and a few miles north of the same; thence back on
any convenient road to the starting point; thence west on the North Rock
ford road to the county line, and on all this extent of country gone over, I
only saw indications of this limestone. Only a few imperfect, crumbly
outcrops were seen in the faces of some of the little hills — not such as
would pay to work. "
On the Upper Beaver and round the feeding springs of one of the
Kinnikinniks, some poor specimens of stone are quarried, such as are used
for the foundations of houses about Capron and in that part of the county.
Blue Limestone. — In the northwestern part of the county were found
indications of the existence of the lower divisions of the Trenton forma-

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 225
tion. Its close proximity to Roscoe and Beloit, with some surface indica
tions, lead to tha opinion that these would be the surface rocks if the
superincumbent clays were removed.
ECONOMICAL GEOLOGY.
Building Stone. — Building stones are scarce in Boone County. The
quarry on Beaver Creek furnishes a solid, massive, hard stone, very suitable
for bridge .piers, culverts and other solid work, but requires a good deal of
labor to ¦ adapt it to the lighter kinds of masonry. Most of the heavy
building stones used in Belvidere, such as church foundations, and other
like work, are obtained at this quarry. For the lighter kinds of 'work, the
quarry in the Cincinnati shales, south of Belvidere, furnishes most of the
stone used, and enters largely into cellar walls, foundations of ordinary
houses, etc., etc. The stone is easily quarried and broken into blocks of
any required superficial area, and are consequently well adapted to the uses
named. At Gen. Hurlbut's residence in Belvidere, some of the stone
from this quarry have been in use for over twenty years, and are but little
disturbed by the action of time. For flagging stone they can be quarried
of any desired size and shape. They are used for this purpose in some
instances in1 Belvidere, and serve the purpose admirably. For solid work
the stone from this quarry is not recommended.
Lime. — A limekiln has been successfully operated at the Galena quarry
(heretofore mentioned) for some years. The lime made at this kiln is of
good quality, but builders at Belvidere find it more economical to use lime
shipped by railroad. A perpetual limekiln at the Beaver quarry would be
a good investment.
Minerals. — There are no mineral deposits in the county, although bog
iron ore has been noticed in considerable abundance in some of the bogs
west of Capron. Pieces of float copper are said to have been found in the
gravels of the drift. A few traces of lead have been found in the Galena
limestone. Springs of chalybeate water exist in places. These are matters
of curiosity and interest, rather than sources of economical value.
Sands and Clays. — From -the ordinary clay and sand banks almost
everywhere abounding in more or less purity, sand for building purposes,
and clay for ordinary red brick, may be obtained in great abundance. The
subsoil over most of the Galena rocks makes a good common brick. The
bed of potters' clay, heretofore mentioned, deserves more than a passing no
tice. When ground and mixed with sand, it makes a hard, handsome,
cream-colored brick, quite as beautiful, and, as is generally believed, more
enduring than the far-famed Milwaukee brick. For this purpose alone this
bed of clay is valuable. For any article of common crockery it would also
be very valuable, and even queensware of fair quality might be made from
this deposit. When first dug this clay is tough and tenacious. The color
is between a miik-white and chocolate brown. When dry it breaks with a
somewhat conchoidal fracture; has a fat, unctious feel to tho fingers, and
becomes lighter in color. Its chemical composition is not given in the re
port from which we quote.
Peat. — In the township of Bonus,near the residence of Mr. Dan'l Chap
man, and partly owned by him, there is a peat bog of about twenty acres in
extent. Messrs. Brown and Dana also own peat land in the same slough.
In all, there is about forty acres. This deposit is located in a swale run
ning down into the Piscasaw creek in an east and west direction, and is sus-

226 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
ceptible of easy drainage. It is covered with a dense growth of sedgy
grass, and quakes and shakes as one walks over it. Beneath its carpet of
sphagnum mosses, it seems soft and easy of penetration. A common pole
can be easily forced down to a depth of seven and eight feet. The quality
of the peat is a little fibrous, and is recognized as grass peat rather than
moss peat, but both grass and moss enter into its composition, but when
the report was made pronounced to be in its formative stage, consequently
unripe, good for purposes of fertilization, but hardly adapted to a successful
fuel. Peat deposits of good quality are also said to exist in the towns of
Manchester and Leroy.
GENERAL HISTORY.
Although the territory embraced in the State of Illinois was occupied
by the French under LaSalle as early as 1680, nearly three hundred years
ago, but little progress towards the occupancy of the country by white peo
ple was made until about the beginning of the present century. About
that time public attention and the attention of the people of the older
states began to be attracted to the rich prairies and fertile valleys of the
territory, and immigrants from the states of Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee,
and North Carolina — the largest proportion from the latter state — began
coming in and settling down to the work of making farms. These settle
ments were confined, as a general rule, to the lands along the rivers — the
Ohio, above Cairo, the Wabash, the Mississippi, and to some extent along
the Illinois. Growing year by year, immigration gradually increasing,
every accession made another innovation upon the uncultivated domain,
and so, still pushing onward and outward, the southern part of the state
came to be settled first.
As the great natural fertility and productiveness of the soil became
known, its easy subjection to cultivation to be understood, Illini came to
be looked upon from one end of our common country to the other as a very
paradise — as a land where, with common industry, prudence, and ordinary
economy, any man might grow rich in a very few years, as compared with
life in the older and timbered states.
For many years the settlements in Illinois were thus confined to the
more southern part of the state, but about the years 1832-3, the beautiful
valleys of Fox and Rock Rivers and their tributaries began to attract
attention in the New England and more northerly of the Middle States,
and a tide of immigration set in from that direction. These immigrants
brought with them that thrift and economy, enterprise and judgment, that
had enabled them and their fathers by closest industry to make an humble
living among the rocks and timber, the hillsides and mountain tops of their
native states. Here, on these rich prairies — lands free from rocks and
boulders, already cleared and waiting for the plow, with half the toil ex
pended, would produce fourfold more than could ever be realized in the
lands left behind. Thrift, prosperity, and independence have followed their
steps and rewarded their energy. Almost every house is a palace in finish
and surroundings. The wild prairies of less than half a century ago have
been reduced to a garden of beauty and made to blossom with the rose.
Want is comparatively unknown, and intelligence and refinement prevail.
Less than half a century ago, the eight townships composing the
county of Boone were a part ot the unbroken wild of which we have

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 227
written. But naturally grand and rich, the territory it embraces could not
long fail to attract the attention of immigrants, and in 1835 a few settlers
found their way hitherwards, and settled down in the immediate vicinity of
the town of Belvidere. At that time there were but two organized counties
in this part of the state, Jo Daviess and Cook. They extended from the
Lake on the east to the Mississippi on the west.
In this part of Illinois, as in all other parts of the state, and, in fact,
as is always the practice in the '"settlement of new territories (unless there
are peculiar local considerations), the first settlements were invariably made
along the rivers or creeks, or in groves of timber. Rock River, a stream
of attractive beauty and great power (if fully developed) for manufacturing
purposes, had drawn to its rich lands a sufficient number of settlers anterior
to this date (1835) to render them ambitious for a county organization,
and at the session of the legislature at Vandalia, in 1835-6, an act was
passed creating the county of Winnebago, and defining the boundaries as
follows: Commencing at the southeast corner of township numher 43, range number 4, east of
the third principal meridian, and running thence west to the said meridian; thence north
along the line of said meridian to the southeast corner of township number 46, in range
number 11, east of the fourth principal meridian; thence west to the dividing line between
ranges numbers 7 and 8 ; thence north along said dividing line to the northern boundary
line of the state; thence east along said boundary line to the northeast corner of range
number 4, east of the third principal meridian; thence south to the place of beginning. —
Approved Jan. 16, 1836.
After the passage of the act creating the county of Winnebago, and
sometime previous to the organization, Charles Reed had occupied a
tract of land on the west side of Rock river, and about two miles
above the present site of the city of Rockford, by covering it with an Indian
"float." He named his place Winnebago, and sought to have it made the
county seat. About the same time Germanicus Kent, Dr. Haskell, Selden
M. Church and Daniel S. Haight, and some others, had also taken claims
where the city of Rockford has since grown up. They, .also, had county
seat aspirations, and between them and Mr. Reed a rivalry sprang up that,
suffice it to say without entering into details, resulted finally in fixing their
county seat at Rockford and establishing the county of Boone.
At the first election in Winnebago county, Aug. 1, 1836 (before the
erection of Boone), Simon P. Doty was elected County Commissioner for
the Belvidere district, and William E. Dunbar and Thomas B. Talcott for
the other two districts into which the county had been divided. The first
meeting of the County Commissioners' Court was held at the house of
Daniel S. Haight (called the Rockford Hotel). Don Alonzo Spaulding
was appointed as Clerk of their court. At that session of their court the
Belvidere precinct was established, and an order entered providing for the
election of two Justices of the Peace and two Constables therein. James
Sayne, John K. Towner, and Charles Payne were appointed to be judges or
inspectors of the election. The time of holding the election was set for
Saturday, Aug. 27, 1836, and the house of Simon P. Doty named as the
place of holding the election, which, for a number of years, continued to
be tlie voting place in the Belvidere precinct. At that election,. John K.
Towner and John S. King were elected Justices of the Peace, and Mason
Sherburne and Abel Thurston chosen as Constables. These were the first
civil officers elected in what is now Boone County.
During the session of the legislature of 1836-7, an act was passed pro-

228 HISTORY OF BOONE OOUNTY.
viding for the erection of the county of Boone, and defining its boundaries
as follows: Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the General Assem
bly, That all that tract of country beginning at the northeast corner of township 46 noith,
range 4 east; thence south with the line dividing ranges 4 and 5 east, to the southwest
corner of township 43 north ; thence west on said line to the southeast corner of Winnebago
County ; thence north to the place of beginning on the north boundary of the state, shall
form a connty to be called Boone, in honor ot Col. Daniel Boone, the first settler of the
State of Kentucky.— Approved March 4, 1837.
The following winter Legislative attention was directed to the matter,
and an act was passed correcting the boundary lines and defining them as
follows: That the boundary lines of Boone County shall be as follows, to-wit : Beginning at
the northeast corner of Winnebago County, and running thence east on the State line to the
northeast corner of township forty-six north, range five, east ofthe third principal meridian;
thence south on the range line to the line dividing townships forty-two and forty-three
north ; thence west on said line to the southeast corner of Winnebago County ; thence north
with the line of Winnebago to the place of beginning; Provided, however, that if a majority
of the legal voters residing within the limits of townships forty-three, forty-four, forty-five,
and forty-six, north of range five east of the third principal meridian, shall, on the first
Monday in August next, vote against the above named townships forming a part of the
County of Boone, then the line dividing ranges four and five east shall continue lo form the
eastern boundary of Boone County. — Approved March 2, 1839, p. 242, Acts '38-9.
Thus established, Boone County was eleven miles wide and twenty-
four miles long, leaving a strip one mile in width, including sections 6, 7,
18, 19, 30, and 31, in town 46, range 3, and the same number of sections
each in towns 45, 44, and 43, that, under Government survey, clearly be
longed to Boone County. But this was a measure of compromise to con
ciliate and reconcile the conflicting interests in Winnebago County. At a
later period, the question of annexing the western tier of sections in range
3, to Boone County, began to be agitated, and finally culminated in the
passage of an enabling act by the Legislature of 1842-3, to allow the set
tlers on the " strip " to elect to which county they would belong. No one
but those immediately interested as settlers were allowed to vote. The in
terest became warm. As a natural consequence, the people of Boone
County favored the scheme. They could not vote, but they could talk, and
their best talkers were set to work " where they could do the most good,"
and they worked earnestly. None were more interested than the people of
Belvidere. The eastern part of Winnebago County, the settlers on tbe
strip excepted, opposed the scheme, for, if it prevailed, it would involve the
establishment of their county seat in some doubt, and weaken their chances
of securing the seat of justice at East Rockford. The people of the western
part of Winnebago County favored the scheme, because, if successful, it
would strengthen their chances for securing the county seat at West Rock
ford, or on the west side of Rock River.
During the session of the Legislature in the winter of 1843, an act en
titled "An Act to define the bounds of Boone County," was passed, pro
viding as follows:
Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois, represented in General Assembly,
That sections 6, 7, 18, 19, 30, and 31, in each of the townships 43, 44, 45, and 46, in range 3
east of the 3d principal meridian, are hereby attached to and shall form a part of the
county of Boone ; Provided, an election shall be held at the house of Samuel Keith, in the
village of Newburg, in Winnebago County, on the fourth day of May next (1843), under the
inspection of .Benjamin Hoyt and Samuel Keith, as judges, and A. W. Canfield, as clerk of
said election, whose duty it shall be to attend at the time and place aforesaid and hold said
election. A poll hook shall be opened with columns headed "for" and " against" being
attached to the County of Boone, and the legal voters residing on the aforesaid sections

BT3T0RY OF BOONE COUNTY. 229
shall be permitted to vote for or against being so attached^ The poll shall be kept open
from 10 o'clock a. m. to 5 o'clock p. m., of said day, and, upon closing the poll, the judges
and clerk shall certify the result on the poll book and seal up and deliver the same to the
clerk of the, County Commissioners' Court of Winnebago County within five days there
after^ and the clerk of said court shall, within two days, in the presence of two Justices of
the Peace of his county, open and examine said poll book, and compare the certificate with
the votes given, and thereupon make out a certificate of the result of said election, which
shall be signed by said clerk and justices, and the same shall he entered upon the records
ofthe Commissioners' Court for Winnebago County; and if it shall appear, by the result of
said election, that a majority of said voters are in favor of being attached to the county of
Boone, then and in that case, the aforesaid sections shall be and remain a part of Boone
County, otherwise, they shall remain as heretofore; Provided, further, that if either of said
judges or clerk shall fail to attend and act at said election, then the voters present shall
choose others to act in their place, who shall be governed by the provisions of this act.— Ap
proved Feb. 28, 1843, p. 92 Laws of '42-3.
As the day of the election drew nigh, the interest, especially among
the people of Belvidere, grew in intensity. Every man of influence, char-
acter and intelligence, that could be made available in any way, was sent
over to work among the settlers on the strip. Those of the Winnebago
people who were unfriendly to the " annexation " scheme were equally
earnest in their efforts. " Noses were counted," and so equally divided did
the settlers seem to be that neither party felt assured of success. The drift
of public sentiment among the settlers on the strip,' however, seemed to
settle towards Boone County, and this imbued the Belvidere people with
renewed energy. Argument, entreaty, figures, advantages, and every sort
of inducement were held out to the settlers. Finally the day that was to
decide the issue came. Every settler entitled to a vote was brought out.
When the polls were declared closed and the ballots counted, the tally sheet
showed that 95 votes had been cast, of which 51 votes were " for " annexa
tion to Boone County, and 44 votes " against " — a majority of 7 in favor of
annexation. This election and its result settled the status of 'Boone County and
quieted all agitation incident to the organization of all new counties. It
added twenty -five sections of valuable land, capable of supporting a thou
sand people, to the domain, and increasing the taxable property many
thousands of dollars.
In section 10 of an act entitled " An Act to create certain counties
therein named," passed by the Legislature of 1837, it was provided that
elections for county officers should be held in Boone and DeKalb Counties
on the first Monday of the following May.i
Section 11 of the same act provided that it should be the duty of the
clerks of the Commissioners' Courts of the counties thereby organized to
give notice at least ten days previous to the elections to be held " as is
above provided in said counties, and in case there shall be no clerk in said
counties, it shall be the duty of the clerk of the Commissioners' Court of
Winnebago County to give notice of the elections to be held in the counties
of Boone and DeKalb."
Section 13 provided -that the counties of Stephenson and Bbone should
continue to form a part of the county of Jo Daviess, until organized, and
"when organized according to this act, shall continue attached to the
county of Jo Daviess in all general elections, until otherwise provided by
law." In pursuance of the provisions of section 11, above quoted, there being
no clerk of the Commissioners' .Court in Boone County, the county not yet
having been fully organized, a warrant for the election provided for in sec-

230 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
tion 10, issued from tlie clerk of the Commissioners' Court of Winnebago
County. The law providing for this election also provided that it should
be held at the house of Simon P. Doty in the Belvidere precinct, which at
that time included all of Boone County.
The first Monday of May, A. D. 1837, was a day of interest to the
people of " Belvidere precinct." The county of Boone had been established,
and by the election of county officers they were to be enrolled among the
other fully organized counties of the State and clothed with " all the rights
and privileges" of the other counties. In those days printed or written
ballots were not in use, but citizens voted viva voce. The polls were
opened with great eclat, and midst jest and good nature, the election con
tinued until the hour provided by law for closing the polls in the evening.
Milton S. Mason, Cornelius Cline, and John Q. A. Rollins, were elected
County Commissioners, Simon P. Doty, Sheriff, and John Handy, Coroner.
On the 3d of May, the County Commissioners elect met, and organized the
first Commissioners' Court held in Boone County. Milton S. Mason ad
ministered the oath of office to Cornelius Cline and John Q. A. Rollins,
and Mr. Rollins administered the oath of office to Milton S. Mason. Dr.
Daniel 11. Whitney was appointed and qualified as clerk of the Commis
sioners' Court, and the transaction of county business commenced. Belvi
dere precinct was divided, and an additional precinct established, called the
Lambertsburg [precinct, taking in all the territory embraced in the four
north townships of the county, and so named in honor of two brothers,
James B. and Jeremiah Lanibert,who had taken claims in what is now Le
roy township. At this session it was also "ordered that John K. Towner
be and he is hereby appointed County Treasurer for the county of Boone"
(no Treasurer having been elected). Benjamin Sweet was appointed School
Commissioner and Agent for the inhabitants of Boone, and Erastus A.
Nixon, David Caswell, and George D. Hicks, were appointed trustees of
tho school lands in Congressional township 44 north, range 3 east of the
third principal meridian, and William Dresser, John K. Towner, and Mil
ton S. Mason, were appointed judges of all elections to be held in Belvidere
precinct. The erection of road districts and appointment of road super
visors appears next on record, and a further order providing that all county
roads should be "opened fifty feet in the clear, and that es-ch able-bodied
man should work on some road five days in each year." This constituted
one day's work for the court, when it adjourned without day.
Thus it may be assumed that the history of Boone County, as an or
ganized body, dates from May 3, 1837 — the date of the first meeting of the
County Commissioners' Court, or in less than two years from the time
when the first white settlements were made at Belvidere and Shattuck's
Grove, in what is now Spring township, in 1835. If previous to that time
there were any white settlers here, their identity is lost. No records are to
be found of their presence, and hence it is concluded that the first settle
ments date from June or July of that year. When Simon P. Doty and Dr.
Daniel H. Whitney arrived here, in August, 1835, they found Archibald
Metcalf and David Dunham, encamped in a shanty on the west bank of
the Kishwaukee (Indian for Sycamore), about eighty rods below where the
State street bridge in Belvidere spans that, stream.
A note on a county map, published by Messrs. William McVickar and

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 23L.
D. Kelsey, in 1858, under the heading of "First Settlers of Boone County,
A. D. 1835," gives a list of the settlers at that period, saying that " Oliver
Robbins and Brothers made the first claims in Boone County. Archibald
Metcalf, David Dunham, Timothy Caswell and family, Charles II. Payne
and family, John K. Towner and family, Cornelius Cline, Erastus A.
NTixon, Erastus Shattuck and family, John Handy and family, Simon P.
Doty and wife, Dr. Daniel H. Whitney, Charles Watkins, Abel Thurston,
Milton S. Mason and family, David Elliott, Asahel Daggett and fam
ily." The same authority gives the population of the county in 1858 at 12,860.
Oliver Hale, of Bonus township, who settled at his present residence Oct."
1, 1836, is of the opinion that the list of settlers here in 1835, as quoted
above, is not fully correct. He cites Christopher Payne and family as an
addition that ought to be made. When Mr. Hale came, he found Mr.
Payne occupying a claim of several thousand acres on Squaw Prairie, of
whom he bought one chiim of 400 acres. Payne had settled there in the
fall of 1835. Mr. Andrew F. Moss, who came in May, 1836, makes a fur
ther correction by adding the names of David Caswell and family and
Moses Blood and family. Mr. Hale is now a man of nearly eighty years,
but is remarkably well preserved, intellectually and physically, and has a
clear memory of the scenes and incidents of those early days, and his state
ments may be taken as conclusively correct. Mr. Moss, while a younger
man by some years, has always been a close observer, and carries in his
mind the names of all the pioneers he found -here on his coming, in 1836,
so that at least two families are added by their corrections. These families
Represented a population all told of only thirty-seven persons, as reported
by a census-taker in the latter part of October of that year. In 1840, the
population had increased to 1,705; in 1850, to 7,624; in 1860, to 11,678;
in 1870, to 12,942; -and is now estimated at 14,000. Real estate at that
date was not taxable, by reason of the non-expiration of the three years'
exemption from taxation after purchase or entry. In 1850, the assessed
valuation of real and personal property was $828,714; in 1860, $1,511,376;
in 1870, $1,790,218.
Until about 1840, the increase by immigration was comparatively
slow. After that period, until the government land was all taken, the im
migration was large and rapid. In September, 1836, the government sur
veyors established the township lines, and during the following winter sub
divided them into sections. The lands were not open to sale or entry, how
ever, until October, 1839. The lands in Boone county were divided between
the Galena and Chicago land districts. The lands in range 3 comprised a
part of the Galena district, while those in range 4 belonged to the Chicago
district, and were subject to purchase or entry at that office. From the
time the lands were opened to purchase and entry, claims were rapidly con
firmed. Who made the first purchase or first entry, has long since been
forgotten, and there are no records immediately accessible that will supply
the data to justify an opinion on this subject.
Between 1835 and October, 1839, when the land in this district was
opened to sale, claims , had been taken in almost all parts of the county.
In this time a good commencement had been made towards reducing their
wild sward to farm tillage, and in most cases they were yielding large
enough returns to maintain the families occupying them, in comparative

?232 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
comfort, and in some instances they had been so productive and remun
tive as to yield a sufficient surplus to enable their owners to provide against
the day of purchase or entry, thus making their claims pay for themselves.
From 1835 to 1840-41, might justly be called the "log cabin" age. But
after the latter date the log cabins and shanties began to give way to abetter
class of houses, and prairie barns, with their grassy coverings, went down,
to make room for more pretentious and convenient structures. Now, in
1877, there is scarcely a quarter section of land in the county that does not
boast it's large and handsome brick or frame residence, with tastefully
arranged grounds, fine large barns and substantial fencings. The ox- wagon
•has given place to more modern vehicles, and fine carriages and well-trained
horses are among the possessions of a large majority of the citizens. But
little land, as compared with many other western counties, was entered for
speculative purposes. The largest, and it may be said the only lands so
purchased, was by William Taylor, as agent for the Aberdeen Bank of Scot
land, in 1839. That agency purchased very largely in the counties of Win
nebago, McHenry and Boone, 4,640 acres of it being selected, in different
sections, in Boone. But that and all other lands so purchased long since
passed into the hands of actual settlers and sturdy farmers, who, by cheer
ful industry and prudent economy, have made homes of which any people
might be justly proud. Taylor, the agent referred to, some time after he
made the entry, was going down the Mississippi river on the steamboat
"War Eagle," and when near St. Louis was drowned from the boat. It has
been said he jumped into the river, but there were no reasons to justify a
suspicion of suicide.
In 1835, when the first settlers came, post-offices were unknown in the
bounds of what is now Boone county, and for a large district of country out
side. That was long before the days of cheap postage or the prepaid system,
and for many months when a settler went to Chicago, the nearest post-office,
his pockets were filled with quarters to pay the postage on letters from
friends and relatives in the "old homes." Ottawa was the nearest point
for milling purposes until a mill was built at the Napier settlement, now
Napier ville. Later, a mill was built at Belvidere, stores and trading
places were licensed, and gradually the hardships of pioneer life gave way
before the advancement of civilization and the better things of more modern
achievements. Indians had never been troublesome to the settlers, except
as beggars, and soon after were all removed to new hunting grounds on the
plains and prairies of the further west — to Iowa, and afterwards to Kansas,
and a future opened out before this people that has grown brighter and
brighter, until the brightest hopes of the hardy and sturdy pioneers of 1835
are left deeply shaded. Many of these early settlers have been gathered
with their fathers on the brighter shores of the Great Beyond. A few are
lef: awaiting the summons to join those who have gone before, but who
shared with them the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life in
this country of the Kish-wau-kee, erst the home of the Pottawatomie
chief, Big Thunder, and his people. But all those who have gone before
and all those who are waiting the summons to follow, made noble records
for honesty, morality, industry, and all else that goes to make up noble
lives. A record is left their descendants that will serve as a beacon light to
guide them in paths ot peace, pleasantness, happiness, and prosperity:
Before resuming the history proper of Boone .county from where we
left the organization of the county and the proceedings of the County Com-

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 233
missioners' Court in May, 1837, we may be pardoned by the reader for a
slight digression relative to Big Thunder and his burial, and incidents rela
tive thereto. Big Thunder was a noted character among his people, not
from his stature, however, which was rather under the medium average of
his rape, but from his influence among them. His voice, perhaps, gave
him the name he bore, as it is a prevailing practice with nearly all Indian
tribes to name any object after that of which it most reminds them. Big
Thunder, no doubt, when he laid aside the bow and arrow for the more
effective rifle, tomnhawk and scalping knife, was possessed of a strong,
stentorian voice that in councils or giving words of command reminded his
tribe or followers of a deep, distant thunder, and hence the name. But be
this as it may, some time previous to the removal of his tribe to the west,
he sickened and was taken over to the "happy hunting grounds." His
burial place was selected on the highest point of ground, on the mound
where the court house has since been built. As was their custom no grave
was dug, but wrapped in his blankets, and seated <m a rude stool or bench,
with his feet placed on an Indian-made rug, with his face turned towards
the West, a direction in which a battle was expected to take place between
his tribe and another, a structure made of split white ash logs, from which
the bark was pealed, was erected around his body and covered with bark.
The expected battle never came off, and consequently the war spirit of Big
Thunder did not re-enter his mouldering body and join the victorious
"whoops", of his braves as their vanquished foes fell beneath their toma
hawks and scalping knives. In those days Belvidere was on a stage route
from Chicago to Galena. The travel was heavy, and here the horses were
changed, and sometimes for other causes a delay of from half an hour to an
hour would occur. For many miles in all directions, the Indian "sar
cophagus" that surrounded the body of Big Thunder could be distinctly
seen. The logs or slabs from which the bark had been pealed had bleached
and whitened in the sun, until they were almost as white as snow. To
travelers and land hunters from the East, those who had never seen an
Indian or an Indian grave, this "last abode" of Big Thunder was an object
of curiosity. And while the stage would be delayed, passengers would be
take themselves to the mound on which he was buried to view his "coop"
and perhaps scratch their names and date of their visit on the logs, or may
be, when the flesh had mouldered and fallen from the bones, leaving only a
dried skeleton, a gather up a bone and carry it home as a trophy of their
visit out in the "Indian country." His head was the first part of his anat
omy to be carried away. That was taken to Chicago, and finally found its
way into the possession of a noted phrenologist. Next another bone would
be taken, and then another and another, until the bones composing the
human frame were nearly all gone. Appreciating and wishing to gratify
the curiosity of travelers some of the "wags" of Belvidere would secretly
gather up the dried bones of hogs and as secretly throw them into Big
Thunder's "coop." None the wiser of this little trick, travelers and curi
osity gatherers would stop and pick out such bones as their fancy liked,
pocket them and carry them away. This little joke of the "boys" of Bel
videre was kept up as long as the grounds around the "coop" were left
open, and it is pretty safe to assume that many a museum of curiosities in
the eastern states has hog bones labeled "Thigh bone of Big Thunder, an
Indian chief of the Pottawatomie Indians, buried at Belvidere, Illinois;"
or a "forearm," a "middle finger," a "rib," a "spinal joint," or something else.

234 HISTORY OF BOONE county.
Another incident connected with Big Thunder's "coop" may not be
amiss in this connection. It is told of Simon P. Dot}'. He does not deny
it, but laughs over it when the matter is spoken of, as heartily as any one.
Like hundreds of other people, especially sailors (of whom he was one in
his earlier years), Mi-. Doty likes tobacco. Very often in tbe early settle
ment of Boone County, the supply of tobacco hereabouts would give out,
and "chewers of the weed" would, per force of circumstance, be compelled
to go without for days at a time, sometimes for a week or more. Indians
are proverbial for their use of tobacco, and whenever they chanced to pass
by the "coop" of Big Thunder, they would throw • a piece of chewing, or
pouch of smoking tobacco at his feet or into his lap. On one of the occa
sions when tobacco among the white settlers had given out, Mr. Doty and
Erastus A. Nixon were engaged in scoring and hewing timber. Dotv had
suffered and agonized for some time for a "chew." Finally he could endure
it no longer, and passing up to Big Thunder's "coop," he reached in and
abstracted a small supply. Mr. Nixon was equally suffering and longing
for some tobacco. To his requests of Mr. Doty for a "chew," the latter
protested that he had none. This, however, was before Doty had visited
the "coop" on the mound, and of course he was honest and truthful when
he protested he "was out." After that visit, hi a friend and co-laborer
noticed him expectorate, and his suspicions were aroused. He picked up
the chip upon which the spittle had fallen, and exclaimed, "Doty, you have
tobacco !" Doty had to own up — to acknowledge the truth of the charge,
and pledging Mr. Nixon to secrecy, he told him where and how he obtained
it. But it was too good to keep — the joke, and not the tobacco — and it had
to be told. It has been the occasion of many a laugh at Doty's expense,
but he takes it in good part, and in speaking of it even at this day, in his
eighty-first year, will laugh as heartily over it as any of the "boys," who
always know where and how to get tobacco without going to the "coop" of
a dead Indian chieftain for it.
Turning back to the proceedings of the County Commissioners' Court,
May 3, 1837, and resuming a review of the record, we find that Charles
McDougal was appointed Supervisor of Road, district No. 1 ; Ira Haskins
of No. 2 ; David Caswell of No. 3, and Cornelius Cline of No. 4. These,
then, were the first Road Supervisors appointed in Boone County, and
divided into four districts, it may be assumed that the increase of popula
tion from the number of settlers in 1835, as already stated, had been pretty
large. The wild lands had been surveyed, township and section lines
defined, and the country mapped out and started on the high road to wealth
and opulence. On the 4th day of May, 1837, D. H. Whitney, Clerk of the County
Commissioners' Court, made a transcript ofthe returns ofthe election held
on the Monday previous, which transcript we copy from the records:
Made a transcript of the returns of the election in which Simon P. Doty was declared
duly elected to the office of sheriff.
John Handy was declared duly elected to the office of coroner.
Seth S.Whitman was declared duly elected to the office of recorder.
And S. P. Hyde was declared duly elected to the office of county surveyor, and trans
mitted the same to the Secretary of State, this 4th day of May, A. D. 1&37.
D. H. Whitney, Clerk 0. C. C, Boone County.
The same day he "made out and delivered to the sheriff elect, certifi
cates of appointment to Erastus A. Nixon, George D. Hicks and David
Caswell, trustees of school land in T. 44, N. R. 3 E. 3 P. M. (3d principal

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 235
meridian), and to Charles McDougal, as Supervisor of Road, district No. 1 ;
David Caswell, Supervisor of Road, district No. 2, and Cornelius Cline, as
Supervisor of Road, district No. 4." Mr. Whitney also recorded his
appointment of William Dresser as "deputy clerk of the County Com
missioners' Court."
The first session of the County Commissioners' Court was held at the
house of Simon P. Doty. The next session convened at the same place, on
the 5th of June following, when S. P. Doty, sheriff-elect, reported to the
court that he had served notices of appointment on the several appointees
of the previous session of the court, and that they all accepted.
John K. Towner, a Justice of the Peace in and for the County of
Boone, reported the assessment of fines on his docket, to-wit:
" State of Illinois vs. Uriah Payne, $18.46J£, fine and cost, May 30, 1837. Execution
issued to Abel Thurston, constable, returnable in 70 days." "State of Illinois vs. John Q. A.
Rollins, $16.69, fine and costs, May 30, 1837. Execution issued to Abel Thurston, con
stable, returnable in 70 days."
The collection of these fines was the first money ever paid into the
county treasury.
This term of the court adjourned on the 5th of June. On the 6th
the clerk granted permission to Simon P. Doty and Charles F. H. Goodhue
to "retail ardent spirits by the small measure," for which they were each
charged the sum of $5. These were the first places licensed in Boone
County for such purposes. In those days all business houses, of whatever
character, had to secure license or permission from the county court, before
they could commence operations. In almost every part of the county
where settlements were made, some one would take out license for keeping
a tavern or hotel, for which the charges ranged from $5 to $25. This was
one source of revenue, but sometimes applicants for such permission being
short of funds, would give their notes, and in some instances would after
wards take them up in full or in part, with county warrants issued to them
for some kind of services rendered the county. The court also regulated
the prices such hotels were allowed to charge for the entertainment of man
and horse. At the September term, 1837, the court ordered that tavern
rates for Boone County shall be:
Per meal, thirty-seven and a half cents.
For lodging per night, twelve and a half cents.
For horse to hay, eighteen and three-fourths cents.
Oats per peck, fifty cents.
All kinds of liquors, per drink, six cents.
In September, 1838, these rates were revised, and the following prices
established :
Ordered that tavern rates for the ensuing year shall be as follows, viz. : Per meal,
thirty-seven and a half cents ; night's lodging twelve and a half cents ; oats per peck, twenty-
five cents ; span of horses to hay over night, thirty-seven and a half cents ; good brandy,
rum, gin and wine, twelye and a half cents per drink ; poor do., and whiskey, six and a
fourth cents; per meal for stage passengers, fifty cents.
At the beginning of the September term of the court, the available-
means of the county amounted to $40, and the liabilities to $41.84. The
clerk was allowed one dollar and fifty cents per day for his services, and the
commissioners the,same sum.
In November of that year, a special term of the Commissioners' Court
was held, continuing only one day, the 6th. The act of the Legislature
providing for the location of the county seat of Boone County, also

236 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
appointed commissioners for that purpose, naming John M. Wilson, of
Will County; James Day, of LaSalle County, and James H. Woodworth,
of Cook County, as such commissioners. Pursuant to appointment, two of
these commissioners, John M. Wilson and James H. "Woodworth, visited
Belvidere on the 30th of October to discharge the trust imposed upon them.
When the Commissioners' Court met in special session on the 6th of
November, and opened for business, the clerk submitted the following
documents and vouchers: Oct. 31st, 1837. )
County of Boone. j
To James R.] Woodworth and John M. Wilson.
Dr. To services in locating county seat of said county, 10 days each — 20 days— at
$2  -  -.  -  $40.00.
Received payment. James H. Woodworth.
John M. Wilson.
The court " ordered that the communication from the cferk and the
accompanying documents be spread on record." The documents referred
to were the following oaths, which were administered to Messrs. James H.
Woodworth and John M. Wilson. Although the oaths were administered
separately, the record shows that they were administered the same day
(Oct. 30, 1837,) and in the same words, so that a copy of one will serve for
both, excepting a change of name, to-wit: State op Illinois, )
Boone County, j
I, James H. Woodworth, do swear upon the Holy Evangelists of Almighty God, that
I will proceed to examine and determine on a place for the permanent seat of justice for
Boone County, faithfully taking into consideration the convenience of the people, the situa
tion of the settlements, with an eye to future population, and designate the same according
to law, so help me God.
(Signed) Jas. H. Woodworth.
Sworn and subscribed before me this 30th day of October, Anno Domini, 1837.
D. H. Whitney,
Justice of the Peace for Boone Co., 111.
The report of the locating commissioners follows next of record, and
is in these words:
Be it known, that we, James H. Woodworth and John M. Wilson, commissioners ap
pointed to locate the County Seat of Boone county in the State of Illinois, under an act en
titled an Act to create certain counties therein named, approved 4th March, A. D., 1837,
being duly sworn, did on the (31) thirty-first day ot October, A. D., 1837, proceed to examine
and determine on a place for the permanent seat of justice for said county, and taking into
view the convenience of the inhabitants, the situation of the settlements, the probable future
population and eligibility of location, have and do locate said county seat upon the north
east quarter of section twenty-six, in township forty-four north, range three east of the third
principal meridian, being in the Galena land district.
Given under our hands, this thirty-first day of October, A. D. 1837.
(Signed) Jas. H. Woodworth,
John M. Wilson.
The commissioners then ordered that the draft of the clerk in favor of
Mr. Cephas Gardner for forty dollars borrowed money for the payment of
the commissioners for locating the seat of justice of this county, be paid
out of the first money in the county treasury; and that eight dollars, the
bill of S. P. Doty, made by said' commissioners while performing said ser
vice for the county, be assumed, and that the clerk issue his draft on the
treasury for the same.
The first claim made in Boone county was taken by Oliver Robbins
and brothers, and included the southeast quarter of section twenty-six,
township forty-four north, range three east, divided nearly equally by the

s.a

BELVIDERE.

HISTORY OF BOONB COUNTY. 239
Kishwaukee river, and was made early in the summer of 1835. These
brothers subsequently sold their claim to Archibald Metcalf and David
Dunham, who at a later period sold out to Dr. Goodhue, Charles Peck and
Nathaniel Crosby, forming a part of what was subsequently known as the
Belvidere Company. The Robbins Bros, pushed on West, probably taking
other claims, selling out again as immigration followed them, and pushing
on again. One of them afterwards returned to Boone county and made his
home at Blood's Point, in Flora township. When the war of the rebellion
came on, he enlisted in one of the companies formed in Boone county and
was killed at the battle of Shiloh. Of the other brothers all trace has been
lost. The parties purchasing this claim of Dunham and Metcalf, afterwards,
by purchase or otherwise, secured control of a large tract of land in the
vicinity, including the northeast quarter of section twenty -six, and when
the county seat question began to be agitated, proposed to relinquish to the
county their claim to that particular quarter section on condition that tlie
county seat should be located thereon. The agreement was kept, and when
the land came into market in 1839, it was bid in in the name of the county
commissioners, John K. Towner, Moses Blood and Robert B. Hurd. The
date of purchase was October 17, 1839. November 10, 1841, a United
States patent issued to them " as commissioners of Boone county, and to
their successors in office forever."
The Belvidere Company, already referred to, was enlarged by the ad
mission of other members to the number of ten, and the claims were par
celed out in shares representing one thousand dollars each, and when put on
the market in October, 1839, the land was purchased for and managed in
the interests of the company. The company was made up of Charles Peck,
Dr. Goodhue, Nathaniel Crosby, of Fredonia, N. Y., Prof. S. S. Whitman,
Dr. John S. King, Jacob Whitman and others, to the number of ten.
In 1836 the town site, that part of it on the southeast quarter of sec
tion twenty-six, was partially laid off into town lots, by establishing the
corners of State and Mechanic streets with an old iron carpenter's square.
Lots were given to mechanics who would build on and occupy them. The
first lot given away was to Simon P. Doty. His lot was at the corner of
State and Mechanic streets — on the West side of State street and south of
Mechanic street to the Kishwaukee. Having previously built a house a
short distance west of the town site, he moved it up on to his lot, where he
soon afterwards opened a hotel, calling it the " Belvidere House."
The commissioners locating the seat of justice designated where the
county seat should be on the land selected by driving a stake in the ground ^
on tlie mound where the court-house has since been built, within one-fourth
of a mile of which, by the then existing laws, the county offices should be
kept. At a later period in the progress of events (December, 1838,) it was
discovered that Daniel H. Whitney, the county clerk, kept his office more
than a quarter of a mile from the point so designated, and the commissioners
declared the office vacant, and proceeded to appoint James L. Loop as clerk
to fill the vacancy. Mr. Loop gave bonds in the sum of one thousand dol
lars and entered upon the discharge of his duties. Mr. Whitney's deputy
had, as the court expressed it in an order of record, "contemptiously"
taken from the table the records of the court. It was ordered and adjudged
by the court that he pay a fine of twenty-five dollars, and 6tand committed
until the fine was paid. ' A warrant of commitment was made out and

240 HISTOEY OF BOONE COtJNTY.
placed in the hands of the sheriff to be executed if the fine was not paid.
A writ of replevin was also sued out to procure the books, papers and
records '"contemptiously " cariied away, and also placed in the hands of tlie
sheriff to be executed. The writ was served, and the books, pjipers, records,
etc., recovered and returned to court. On the 7th of December, Mr. Briggs,
the deputy, by Mr. S. P. Doty as representative, appeared before the court
and confessed that he was too hasty in conimitling the contempt on the day
previous, whereupon the court ordered that one-half of the fine be remitted.
The other half ($12.50) was paid by Mr. Doty, and thus subsided the first
little "ripple" in the proceedings of the Commissioners' Court for the
county of Boone.
The emmty seat having been located, the claim, donated to flic county
by the Belvidere Company, was surveyed into lots and blocks, a plot of ten
acres being reserved on the highest point lor county buildings. Daniel II.
Whitney was appointed commissioner to sell and dispose of lots and blocks
on the quarter section of land belonging to this county oil which the seat
of justice had been located, and required to enter into bonds in the sum of
$2,000 for the faithful performance of the duty imposed. He was alio re
quired, as clerk, to make and transmit to the general land office and to the
land office at Galena, copies of the report and all other papers received from
the commissioners in reference to the location of the seat of justice of the
county, and request from the general land office such information as might
be necessary touching the perfecting of the title to said land.
At the December meeting of the County Commissioners' Court, Mr.
Whitney reported that after advertising in the Chicago Democrat and
American, and posting up written notices at Belvidere and other public
places, giving notice of such sale, to be held on the 27th, 28th, 29th and
30th days of November, offering for sale lots on the county lands, ne had
on the 27th of that month sold lots to the amount of $304.75. On the 28th
he adjourned the sales without day, the sales not meeting his expectations.
Before making the above report, he had sjld another lot at private sale, for
$30, making the total of sales $394.75.
The sales made were for part cash and balance on time — sometimes ,onc-
half cash, and sometimes one-third, balance in one and two years, or six and
twelve months, with mortgage on premises, or other satisfactory securitj',
with interest on deferred payments. And thus from time to time, the lots
belonging to the county continued to be disposed of until all were sold, and
proceeds applied as conditioned in the donation ofthe "caini."
From this time forward, the sessions of the Commissioners' Court
were principally occupied in looking after the interests of the county, man
aging its financial business, granting prayers of petitioners for roads, etc.
At the March term, A. D. 1838, the first Grand and Petit Jurors were
selected. James McBride, Isniel Stone, Ira Ilaskins, William Ames, Albert
Stone, Levi Hamilton, Nathan Tripp, John Lawrence, Peter Payne, Thos.
O. Davis, John K. Towner, Alexander Neely, Alfred Shattuck," Benjamin
S. Lawrence, James Shinn, Hiram Waterman, Oliver Hale, John WVight,
Frederick W. Crosby, Cephas Gardner, Edward E. Moss, John Sponable
and iMilton S. Mason were selected as grand jurors.
Erastus A. Nixon. Arthur Blood, James Gooch, Londy Stephenson,
Hiram Stow, John II. Herbert, Kbenezer Tuttle, David Caswell, James B.
Lambert, Pearson B. Crosby, Z. H. Sawtell, William Dresser, Thomas
Hartwell, Benjamin Sweet, Chas. H. Payne, Elias Congdon, William S.

HISTORY OP BOONE COUNTY. 241
Stewart, Frederick Sheldon, Jacob Fisk, A. D. Bishop, Joseph Briggs,
Cornelius Cline, and John Q. A. Rollins " were the petit jurors for the first
term of the Circuit Court to be held in and for said county."
Of the above selection for grand jurors, Albert Stone, Alexander
Neely, Oliver Hale, John Wright, Cephas Gardner, and Edward E. Moss
are still living, and all residents ofthe county except Mr. Neely, who, some
years since, moved to Waterloo, Iowa. Of the petit jurors, John Q. A.
Rollins and John H. Herbert are still living. Mr. Herbert resides in Bel
videre, and Mr. Rollins at Denver, Colorado, where he is extensively en
gaged in mining operations.
At this term of the Commissioners' Court, Dr. D. II. Whitney re
signed his position as Commissioner of Sales for Boone County, and llirain
Waterman was appointed to the vacancy.
April 17, 1838, the Commissioners convened in special session, and
among other things, ordered that the clerk advertise for sealed proposals, to
be received until the first Monday in June, for the erection ot a court
house, " forty by thirty feet, with a basement story of stone, the base
ment story to be finished one-halt for a jail, the other half into a room for a
a family ; the first story to be finished with three offices and a hall and one
room fora family's occupancy ; the second story to be finished with a court
room and two jury-rooms ; the house when finished to be worth live or six
thousand dollars." Proposals were also to be " received until the first
Monday in June, for the purchase of the whole or any part of the
county lands, and payment to be made by the erection ot the court
house, or the furnishing of materials for the same, or erecting any portion
of the same."
, At the June term, 1838, it was " ordered that the north room of S. P.
Doty's house be used for the use and purposes of a county jail until other
wise ordered. " Until this time, there had been no place for the imprison
ment of violators of law and offenders against the peace and dignity of the
State. Hence it is written on the records of Boone County that the "north
room of S. l\ Doty's house" was the first place ."used for the uses and
purposes of a county jail." At the same session of the Court, however, a
contract was made and entered into with Simon P. Doty for the erection
of a county jail, for $250.00, to be completed in four months. The jail so
contracted for was a " block jail," which was subsequently removed to an
other location and used for other purposes, and finally, in 1877, made into
fire wood and fence posts. The contract juice was paid iu full (in notes)
at the time, and the jail completed within the time specified.
The financial panic of 1837 laid a heavy hand on Boone County and its
people, and in June, 1»38, Mr. Whitney was authorized to negotiate a loan
of one thousand dollars " with any individual, or with the Chicago Branch
Bank, ofthe State of Illinois, or with any bank in the State of Michigan,
on the faith and credit of said county of Boone," at such rate of interest as
could be had, and on such time, not less than six months nor exceeding two
years, as could be agreed upon.
August 16, 1838, the first tax list or assessment roll, retnrncd or deliv
ered by the treasurer, showed the whole amount of taxable personal prop
erty (no land at that time being taxable) to be valued at $31,204.03. On
this valuation, a tax of $234.03 had been assessed. The list was delivered
to S. P. Doty, as collector. At the December term of the Court, Mr. Doty
made a settlement, the entry of the clerk showing tho following statement :

242 HISTOKY Ot BOONE COUNTY.
Amount charged to sheriff (Aug. 10) on page 97  $234.03
Amount deducted for errors  1.89
Amount to col lect  $2:i2.14
Deduct sheriff's commission 7>£ percent on whole  17.41
Leaves due county  $214.73
Credit by amount paid into treasury in orders, as appears by receipts
filed in the office of the clerk  '.  196.42
Yet due the county, from which no commission is to be deducted $18.31
The first money paid into the treasury was twenty-five dollars for fines
assessed and collected by Justice of the Peace Towner, in two assault and
battery cases, and for licenses collected by the clerk of the Commissioners'
Court, in September, 1837.
In August, 1838, anew Board of Commissioners was elected. Thcnew
board was composed of Moses Blood, Orris Crosby and John K. Towner.
At the same election. Houghton C. Walker (Democrat) and S. P. Doty
(Whig) had been pitted against each other for sheriff. Walker was elected
by a majority of six. John Handy was elected coroner. The first meeting
ofthe new Board of Commissioners was held in September. Meeting for
organization, they drew for terms. Mr. Towner drew the ticket on which
'' three years " was written, and was thus chosen to serve for three years;
Mr. Blood drew the ticket on which " two years " Mas written, and was
thereby entitled to serve two years, and Mr. Crosby drew the one-year
ticket. Taking the oath of office, the new court proceeded to business. At
their March term. 1839, the second grand and petit jnrors were selected.
The term of court for which the former jurors were selected, for some rea
son was never held, and consequently they were never sworn as jnrors. The
second selection was made and their names entered on record, but, for cause
not appearing of record, a special term of the Commissioners' Court, held
on the 23d of the same month, entered an order revoking the selection of
jurors, as made in order 59 of the regular session, and a third selection
made, as follows:
Grand Jurors. — James McBride, Israel Stone, Ira Haskins, S. P.
Hyde, Albert Stow, Levi Ilammon, Nathan Tripp, John Lawrence, Peter
Payne, William Brett, Nathaniel Crosby, Alexander Neeh', Alfred E. Ames,
Benjamin F. Lawrence, James Shinn, Daniel S. Brooks, Oliver Hale, John
Wright, John Langdon, Cephas Gardner, lidward E. Moss, John Sponable,
and Milton S. Mason. The court fixed their pay at seventy-five cents per
day, and no mileage.
Petit Jurors. — Horace Piersall, Allen Baldwin, Arthur Blood, James
C. Gooch, Laudy Stephenson, John Tinker. John H. Herbert, Ebenezer
Tuttle, James B. Lambert Albert Neely, Austin Gardner, Thomas Hart
well, Benjamin Sweet, Charles II. Payne, Elias Congdon, William Stewart,
Frederick Sheldon, David Drake, Robert B. Hurd, Dewey Walker, Stephen
M. Jenner. William P. Molony, Henry Loop and Daniel Bliss.
Of the. grand jurors above selected, Alexander Neely, Oliver
Hale, John Wright, Cephas Gardner and Edward E. Moss are still living
and all residents ofthe county, except Alexander Neely, who is now a citi
zen of Iowa. Of the petit jurors, John II. Herbert and Dewey Walker are
still living and citizens ofthe county.
The term ofthe Circuit Conrt for which the above named iurors were .
selected was set for the Thursday after the fourth Monday in April, 1839.

HI6T0BY OV BOONE COUNTY. JJ43
The place of holding the court was designated by the Connty Commission
ers' Court as " the Baptist House of worship," and although these jurors
were the third selection, they were the first to qualify and discharge jurors'
duties. The building in which the court met had been erected by the Bap
tist people, on the corner of what is now East and Van Buren streets (the
lot now being occupied by the residence of Mr. E. IL Reynolds), and for a
number of years was used as a house of worship, school house, Circuit
Court room, and a place tor holding political and other public meetings. It
was afterwards removed to the opposite side of Van Buren street, and used
as a house of \voivhip by the Universalist Society until about 1861, when it
was sold to Gray Brothers, and removed to another location and used as a
paint shop. Later, it was removed to the western part of town, and is now
occupied as a residence by Mr. Ira D. Hill.
At the first term of the court, commencing on tlie 25th of April, 1839,
that being the Thursday after the fourth Monday in that month. Judge
Dan. Stone presided. Seth S. Whitman, who had been previously com
missioned by Judge Stone, served as clerk, and II. C. Walker (now a mer
chant in Belvidere), was the Sheriff. There was but little business, and
that nearly all of a civil character. The docket for that term only shows
four cases of a criminal character — assault and battery cases, etc., all appeal
cases from the different Justices of the Peace. Only forty-one cases had
been docketed, and were disposed of in three days, the court adjourning on
Saturday, the 27th of April, until the next term in course, April, 1840.
When that term came on, Sheldon L. Hall appeared as prosecutor on the
part of the people, Judge Stone again presiding. Mr. Walker had resigned
the office of Sheriff, and was succeeded by B. F. Lawrence. The Sheriff of
Winnebago Connty appeared in open court and presented Martin Thomp
son, who had been indicted by the Grand^ Jury of Winnebago County for
passing counterfeit money and sent here for trial, lie asked for and ob
tained a continuance. This case was not disposed of until April, 1841,
when he was found guilty and sentenced to the Penitentiary for one year,
one month of which was to be spent in solitary confinement. The charge
upon which he was indicted was for passing a two-dollar counterfeit bill.
lie was not regarded as a bad man, and after his conviction, he was taken
out to the residence and farm of Albert Stone, who was then Sheriff, where
he was kept at work some two or three weeks, until Mr. Stone could get
ready to take him to Alton. He was fully trusted, and allowed to go unat
tended all about the farm. Conversing with Mr. Stone about the case,
during the writing ot this book, he said he had the most implicit confidence
in Thompson's faith and honestj', and believes if he had told him imme
diately after his conviction to go where he pleased until a certain day, and
then meet him at Peru, from whence in. those days travel to Alton and St.
Louis went by boat, his prisoner would have been there. Thompson was
never manacled or handcuffed, and when he was turned over to ihe Warden
<ft' the prison, the Sheriff told that gentleman that the prisoner was not a
bad man, that he would make no attempt to escape, and that he could be
fully trusted around the open yard and gates of the prison. The Warden
expressed surprise to see a convict brought to the doors of the prison un
fettered by handcuffs and shackles, and remarked that it was the first in
stance of the kind in his experience as Warden. Thompson served ont his
time, and subsequently came back to the county and called to visit the
Sheriff who had treated him so kindly. That was the first conviction iu
4lm !~!ii>nnif: Ctmvt. <vf' Ifnnna (Innntv.

244 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
Returning to the September (1840) term of the Circuit Court, we find
that the first application for citizenship was made at that term. Charles
McDougal, now living in Belvidere, was the applicant. The application
was placed on record, and the necessary ] apers ordered to be issued.
At the same term of court the first divorce case was disposed of, and
the marriage relations between Rosiel Campbell and his wife, Sally J.
Campbell, declared to be dissolved.
Since that time to date (September, 1877), a period of thirty-seven
years, there have only been forty-nine convictions for criminal offenses, as
follows: Forgery, 1; larceny, 32; burglary, 7; rape, 2; manslaughter, 3; coun
terfeit ng, 2; mayhem, 1; robbery, 1. Nearly one-half of these convictions
were for crimes committed in other counties and sent here on a change of
venue, or for crimes committed by transient persons passing through the
county. The criminal docket shows fewer cases, perhaps, than any other
county in the State, or probably in any county of any of the adjoining
States — a fact that speaks volumes for the intelligence, morality, virtue and
honesty of the people.
At a special term of the Commissioners' Court, held on the 15th^of
April, 1839, the jail built by Simon P. Doty was inspected and accepted,
and tlie keys handed over to the Shcritl, II. C. Walker, who was directed
to "procure two sets of shackles for hands, and put a ring, bolt and chain
for the use of said jail." The north room of Simon P. Doty's residence,
which had previously been designated as a jail, was given up, and the new
jail put in order for the "reception " of such as might be sentenced to in
carceration within its walls. The first use made of the new jail for the pur
poses for which it was built seems to have been between April and June of
that year, two persons having been incarcerated therein, one of them a
notorious character and horse-thief, and the other on a similar charge, but
a charge made without sufficient grounds on which to sustain an indictment
or conviction. The facts in the case were that he had hired a horse to ride
to Rockford, but went beyond and was gone longer than the time he speci
fied, and the owner of the hoi se, becoming nneasj-, went in pursuit. He
met the man coming hack, but pieferred a charge of horse-stealing against
him, and had him arrested and put in jail. When his case was called for
trial at Rockford. where it had been transferred, and the circumstances
stated to the court, he was acquitted. The other character, giving his
name as J. H. Hartwell, was taken to Freeport. and thence to Galena, for
safe keeping, but, a desperado by nature and education, and used to all
sorts of jails and prisons in all parts of the country, the West Indies in
cluded, if his story was to be believed, and used to breaking out of jail as
often as he was put in, he did not remain long in the Galena prison, but
laid a plan and carried it ont by which himself and 6ome half dozen other
scapegraces got away. From that day to this, he has never been seen or
heard of in this part of the country. While confined in jail here he man
aged to break out once, but was soon overhauled and taken back, and in a
few days thereafter taken to Freeport, and thence to Galena, for "safer keep
ing." How safely he was kept has been shown.
The records of the June (1838) session of the Commissioners' Court
do not show that any proposals were submitted for building the Court
House, as advertised for in April, but following the records up to March,
1839, they 6how that Hiram Waterman was appointed commissioner and

BISTORT OF BOONE COUNTY. 245
agent for tho Connty Commissioners, for the purpose of letting jobs,
making contracts, etc., "for the purpose of building a Court House at Bel
videre." At the same session of the court, in order 58. it was declared that
a Court House should be built, the order further specifying that it should
be 40 feet in length and 30 feet in width; posts 25 feet long, with entry for
stairs on each side of front door; hall five feet wide through lower story,
with back door and two rooms on each side of the hall — the upper room to
be arched overhead and arranged in a plain, neat and convenient manner
for holding court. In December following, the clerk was ordered to "draw
a contract with Wm. B. Page for brick for Court House, said brick to be
ready for delivery on or before tlie 1st of July next; one hundred thousand
brick at $1 pur thousand." At a special session, in the 6ame month, the
clerk was directed to contract with "Eobert B. Hurd for finding all mate
rials excepting the brick, and laying the walls for the Court House, the
price agreed upon, $•"» per thousand, payable $290 in county bonds and the
balance in cash after the job is commenced." The same session the clerk
was directed fo advertise for proposals for the lumber for the Court House
building — bills to be received on the 6th of January. On James Johnson,
some time previous, had taken a contract for doing certain work on the
Court House, to commence work on the 1st of June, IS40. but the lumber
not being delivered, the time was extende I to the time when the lumber
would be in readiness, etc. In Julv (1840) the clerk*was further directed
to contract with John Bruce for delivering stone for the foundation, "and
that the said Bruce be allowed $10 per cord for what stone were necessary,
supposed to be about nine cords — the stone to be measured alter the wall
of it is laid up — the stone to be delivered before the 1st day of August
next." When all was in readiness to commence the foundation walls of
the Court House, it was found that the jail erected by Doty had been built
on the site intended for the Court House, and it was ordered to be removed
to a site selected for it. The work commenced in 1840, progressed slowly,
and in February, 1842, the contract between James Johnson and the com
missioners was deemed to have been forfeited on the part of Johnson, and
was pronounced null and void by tlie court, and the clerk directed to adver
tise for sealed proposal^ for "framing and finishing the outside of the Court
House in Belvidere — the proposals to be handed in one week previous to
the March term of the Commissioners' Court." Little by little the work
on the Court House was prosecuted, and it was not until some Mine in
1843 — six years after the organization ofthe county — that it was completed
and ready for occupancy. For a period of ten years it served the purpose
for which it was erected. But the progress and development ofthe county
was rapid. Population had increased, and with the increase of population
came an increase of countv busbies.', demanding enlarged and better ar
ranged quarters, and, iii 1S53, arrangements were made for tearing down
the old structure and erecting a new one, which would include a substantial
and secure jail, as well. In March, 1854, an order was passed to borrow
$5,000 to aid in the construction, aiid five county bonds of $1,000 each or
dered to be issued for lhat purpose, and Allen C. Fuller and Alexander
Neely appointed to negotiate the tale of the bonds. In 1851, the subject
of building a new jail was agitated, but no definite action was taken until it
was determined to build Court House and jail in one, and abont May 20,
1S54, the County Board entered into a contract with Mr. John Iligby, as
contractor, for tup erection of 'the present Court House and jail, for the

246 HISTOBY OF BOONE COUNTY.
sum of $9,900, Mr. Higby taking the material in the old Court House in
part payment. S. W. Smith, architect, of Chicago, was employed to
furnish the plans and specifications. Isaac Miller, Samuel Rockwell and
John L. Curtis, had previously been appointed as a building committee, to
superintend and manage the construction. At the September meeting of
the Board of Supervisors, they tendered their resignation as such commit
tee, which resignation was accepted, and Allen C. Fuller, L. M. Beebe, and
John M. Vanhoesen, appointed to succeed them. Vanhoesen soon after re
moved from the State, and Messrs. Fuller and Beebe were left to tlie duty
for which the committee had been raised. On September 12, 1855, this
committee reported the Court House finished, and the Board directed the
clerk to enter upon the record a resolution of thanks to Messrs. Fuller and
Beebe for the faithful, honest and impartial manner in which they had dis
charged their duty as a building committee. At the same meeting of the
Board, Fuller and Beebe were instructed to procure furniture for the new
temple of connty justice and the several offices, that would be in keeping
with its character, architecture and finish. This trust discharged, on the
11th of March, 1856, they were discharged from further duty. The Court
House had been accepted and occupied, since when the debts contracted in
the course of its erection have been fully paid; and carefully managed, the
county is entirely free from debt and its county orders, considered as good
as gold. In 1845, the Legislature passed an act providing as follows: "That it
shall be lawful for the County Commissioners' Court of the county of
Boone, by an order to be entered upon the records of said court, to require
the Recorder of the county of Winnebago, and the Clerk of the Commission
ers' Court of said county, to transcribe into a book, to be provided for that
purpose by the County Commissioners' Court of the 6aid county of Boone,
all records of said offices relating to the following described territory of
land, to-wit: Sections 6, 7, 8, 19, 30, and 31, in each of the townships of
43, 44, 45, and 46, in range 3 east of the third principal meridian."
This act related to the lands included in the mile strip, that, when the
law creating Boone County was passed, had been left as a part of Winne
bago County, as a compromise measure to conciliate the conflicting inter
ests in that county. The provisions of the law were carried out. The
Commissioners' Court of Boone, for the purpose of perfecting a record of
the lands, roads, etc., on that strip, provided the necessary books, and re
quired the Recorder and Clerk, as aforesaid, to transcribe all records and
orders relating to the said lands, roads, etc. The transcript was made, and,
when completed and properly certified, was forwarded to^Boone and placed
among the recorded proceedings of the county, thus perfecting and com
pleting the county's record.
From the date of the organization of the connty of Boone, and the
election of the first board of county officers, in May, 1837, the management
of the affairs of the county were vested in a board of three county com
missioners, as provided under the original constitution of the state, adopted
A. D. 1818. The law under which these commissioners were elected pro
vided that one of them should serve for one year, one for two years, and
one for three years. Each county was divided into three commissioners'
districts, and each district voted only for its own commissioner. At the
first meeting of the Board after its election, the members drew for terms —
that is, three tickets were prepared, on one of which was written "one year,"

BTSTOBY OF BOONE COUNTY.. 247
on another, "two years," and on the other one, "three years." These
tickets were placed in a box, or may be a hat, and each commissioner drew
out one, the one drawing the ticket with the words "three years" upon it
was entitled to serve three years; the one drawing the "two years' " ticket
would serve two years, and the other one would serve one year, it being in
tended by the law that one commissioner should be elected every year after
the first election for a term of three years. This law governed in the elec
tion of commissioners in each county in the state up to and succeeding the
adoption of the constitution of 1847, and its ratification by the people,
March 6, 1848. After the latter date, and until the township organization
system was adopted by the people of Boone — among the first in the state
to adopt it — the management of county affairs was conducted by a county
judge and two associate justices. A law was passed nnder and by virtue Of
the constitution of 1847, however, providing that the people of the several
townships throughout the state should, on tlie first Monday in April, 1850,
vote "for" or "against" the township organization system.
While the people of Boone adopted the system, several other counties
in the state, particularly in the more southern part, voted against it, and
are still under the old system of management by a board of county com
missioners. The same constitutional enactments, and the laws thereunder,
changed the time of holding elections from August to November. In
November, 1849, the first election- after the change was held; Daniel
H. Whitney was elected county judge, Edward Hawley and Lucius Fuller
associate justices, and John Jackson clerk of the county court. This court
succeeded the county commissioners in the management of county affairs
until the adoption and carrying into effect of the township organization
system, in 1850. The first Board of Supervisors was elected in April, 1850,
and held their first meeting June 11 following, in response to a notice
issned to them from Hon. D. II. Whitney, county judge. They were: Fred
erick P. Low, Fairfield (now Flora) Township; Nathaniel Crosby, Belvi
dere Township; Henry Jenks, Caledonia Township; Charles W. Libby,
Manchester Township; William Raymond, Leroy Township; Hiram C.
Miller, Boone Township: Isaac Miller, Bonus Township; Charles B. Lord,
Concord (now Spring) Township.
At that meeting, H. C. Miller, of Boone, was elected chairman pro tem.
Allen C. Fuller was elected county attorney. After the transaction of some
unimportant business, the Board adjourned until the 11th of November, the
time fixed by law for their regular meeting. At that meeting the full man
agement of the affairs of the county was turned over to them. Their first
transactions were a change of voting places in the several townships, etc.
Thus commenced a new, but perhaps not better, era in the management of
the puiilic affairs of the county. Soon after this, the subject of building a
new jail and, court house commenced 'to be discussed, resulting, as already
shown, in the erection of the present county buildings.
Thus far it has been the purpose to follow as minutely as possible all'
the more important incidents pertinent to the history of the county. They
have been pretty closely followed from the time the Robbins claim was
taken, in May or June 1835, to the completion of a second court house, in
1855. Since that date the county has steadily grown in population, wealth
and importance, and public affairs have been so well managed that the faith
and credit of the county ranks among the first in the state. No bonds in
aid of railroad or other public enterprises were ever voted by the people,

248 history of boone county.
tlie consequence of which is that no debt hangs over the tax payers. Free
from debt, with money in the treasury, Boone County orders or warrants
are good at their face in any home market, and as readily taken in business
transactions as National Bank Notes.
Passing over a period of some years, in which we find no absorbing
incidents of importance, we come to that period in the Nation's history
which is equally a part of the history of every county — the War of the
Rebellion — and the part borne in that ever-to-be-remembered conflict by
the brave and patriotic men of Boone.
When the peace and tranquillity of the North was disturbed by intelli
gence borne along the electric wires that Fort Sumter had been fired upon
by the enemies of the Union of our fathers, there was awakened a senti
ment of patriotism and unanimity that knew no limit until an army was
raised and equipped that brooked no obstacle — that swept front the lakes on
the north to the gulf on the south — wherever an armed hand wa6 raised
against the government — that, with one voice reiterated and re-affirmed tho
declaration of the soldier statesman, President Jackson, that "by the Great
Eternal, this Union must and shall be preserved." Imbued with the spirit
of the men of '76, they pledged their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred
honors in defense of the government of their homes. Homes and their
pleasures and comforts were given up for the.hardships and privations of a
soldier's life on the tented field of danger, carnage and strife. Such an
uprising the civilized world had never known before. But the cause was
just, and the triumph of victory only a question of time.
When this people were startled by the call "to arms," patriotic words
from Dr. Daniel II. Whitney, always a true and noble, as well as a gener
ous, public spirited and patriotic citizen. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut, A. C. Fuller,
L. W. Lawrence, Wm. Haywood, D. L. Baker, Dr. Molony, and others, with
out regard to previous political opinions, needed no interpretation to inspire
their fellow citizens to respond to their country's call. Men by hundreds
offered their services, and their live.-'., if need be. in defense of the Nation's
integrity and unity. Money by tens of thousands of dollars was placed at
the disposal of the government, and thus it came that no county in all tho
counties of the patriotic North made a bolder or more honorable record of
devotion to the Union than the nobleone made by "Little Boone." Among
the smallest in the state, not one of all the others more clearly defined its
position. There was no halting between two opinions. Party lines that
had sometimes been closely drawn were obliterated, harsh and bitter words
previously spoken in moments of political excitement were forgotten aud
forgiven, and joining hands in a common cause, with a sincerity of motive,
they united in a oneness of purpose, the remembrance of which will live as
a monument grander, if not more enduring, than any ever fashioned out of
granite or marble.
On the pages of Holy Writ it is inscribed that "ho that provideth not
for his own household is worse than an infidel." 'Ihe influence of this text
was not lost upon those in authority in this county, and measures were in
augurated and carried out to secure the families — the wives and little ones
— of those who went out with their lives in their hands to meet the foes of
the government, against want. Never was there a grander spirit evinced;
never was there a more eloquent sermon preached from the text above
quoted than when the county treasury was made the source from whence
the supplies were drawn that secured soldiers' "loved ones" at home the

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 249
necessary comforts of life. There was no grumbling about high taxes to
keep the treasury full, nor were they grudgingly p:iid. Every one was glad
of an opportunity to help in so noble a cause. Because of this knowledge that
wives and little ones, aged fathers and molhers, were this provided for,
though their beds were made upon mother earth, their covering only that
of tlie aznred canopy above, the dreams of Boone's boys in blue were none
the less sweet, nor their slumbers less refreshing. The records of the offi
cial proceedings of Boone County show that during the war the sum of
$161,011.56 was appropriated for the purpose of paying bounties and aid
ing in the support of soldiers' families. When it is considered that there
are only eight townships in the county — that it is only twelve miles from
east to west and Iwenty-four miles from north to south (less the fractional
sections along the Wisconsin state line), and containing only two hundred
and eighty-four square miles, this sum seems almost fabulous. Basing
the population at 11,678, as reported by the census of 1860, this sum was
equal to $13.78 to each man, woman and child in the county. In addition,
each of the eight townships were equally as wise, generous and patriotically
benevolent. Belvidere appropriated $38,422.58; Spring, $6,250.97; Flora,
$6,124.10; Bonus, $9,212.50; Boone, $7,64L63; Manchester, $9,498.22;
Caledonia, $4,629.86; Leroy, $10,912.83.
These appropriations swelled the aggregate to $252,704.25, increasing
the proportion to $21.64 to each man, woman and child in the connty. Add
to the above total the sum of $63,176.06 — (a sum equal to one-fourth of the
amount raised by connty and town taxation)— voluntarily contributed by the
people and paid on the spot whenever occjsion or circumstances seemed to
demand, and we find a grand total of $315,880.31, appropriated by the pa
triots of Boone for bounties, etc., and increasing the total proportion to
$27.05 to each man, woman and child in the county. Add the still further
fact that, fi»om first to last, nearly two thousand men* had enlisted froiii this
county, and justice demands that Boone be recorded as the Banner County
of Illinois in the great and final conflict between Freedom and Slavery!
Fort Sumter had been fired upon, and was surrendered to the rebels,
April 13,1861. President Lincoln's proclamation calling for 75,000 men was
issued April 15, 1861. But already had S. A. Hurlbut, Esq., made a move
ment to organize a regiment of minute men in tlie northern counties, lie
had just returned to Belvidere from a trip to Washington and the South.
lie expressed his belief that the rebellion would prove a more formidable
affair than the people of the North generally anticipated, because the
trouble had passed beyond the range of compromise, if, indeed, it ever was
confined to that limit, and that no possible mode except stern force existed
by which the supremacy of the constitution and laws could be vindicated,
and the Union maintained. A war meeting was called to meet at the court
liouse at two o'clock, Saturday, April 20. The meeting was the largest
congregation of people ever seen in Belvidere. Dr. D. II. Whitney was
chosen to preside, making a stirring speech on taking the chair. Dr.
Molony followed, taking strong grounds against the traitors. Mr. Hurl
but, chairman of the committee appointed for that purpose, reported a
series of resolutions, which were adopted as the sentiment of the meeting,
"after which," said the Belvidere Standard of April 23, "he made one of
* This estimate includes men who enlisted ih regiments raised in oilier States, as in
Wisconsin, ami other counties, of which there were a large number, and who were not
all credited to Boone county.

250

HISTOBY OF BOONE COUNTY.

the most ringing and soul-stirring speeches that ever electrified an
audience." Such excitement was never witnessed. "Mr. Hurlbut," the
Standard continues, "opened the muster roll with his signatnre.
"Judge Fuller then came forward with a resolution calling for the raising
of a Citizens' War Fund, the subscriptions to be applied towards the sup
port of the families of the volunteers during their absence in the war. The
resolution was accompanied with his check for five hundred dollars. The
meeting gave the Judge three cheers, and called for a speech. He took the
floor, and for half an hour the meeting was swayed with an eloquence
which we cannot describe. Strong men wept like children, and the Judge,
himself, was agitated with emotions so strong as to almost preclude speech.
We never saw an audience so completely under the spell thrown over them
by a speaker. * * * The call was now tor money. In less than an
hour the following sums had been subscribed and paid on the 6pot, either
by cash or check:
Allen C. Fuller  $500
M. G. Leonard  100
A. II. Bradley*  50
D. H. Whitney*  100
I. R. Mudge..'.  100
Asa Baldwin*  100
AV. R. Cornell  100
RS. Molony  100
Jas. Jaffray  100
I. T. Witbeck  100
James Bennett*  250
Montgomery Smith  100
H. D. Waterman  100
H. N. Bush  50
L. W. Lawrence  * . . . 50
H.C. DeMunn  50
Albert Stone  50
Dan'lE. Foote  50
Geo. Dean  50
A. W. Burnside  50
Cephas Gardner  50
Dan'l Mabie  50
Hiram Jones  50
J. K. Soule*  15
S. Terwilliger  50
Geo. Chafee  50
Horatio Sage  50
D. C. Wolverton  25
T.D.Walker  25
John Servaty  25
Win. Coultrnp  25
M. Reiss  25
D. T. Olney  200
Geo. W. Murch  25
Total  $3,935.

L. Foster  $ 25
J. V. Wing  25
W.H.Wood  50
D. E. Ellis  25
R. Roberts  25
R. D. Rix*.  25
L. H. Murch  25
E. II. Reynolds  25
Wm. Corning  15
D. Wallin  25
F. A. Hull  25
Bisr Thunder Mill  50
E. Gore*  25
John Yonrt  100
S. AV. Bristol*  25
Geo. AVaterman*  100
E. K. F. Bandolph  100
A. F. Moss  50
W.Thompson*  25
J. M. Glasner  25
B. Ames, 1st in'st  50
Geo. W. Downs  50
Thos. Lillibridge*  50
S. Lovett  25
G. Lacey*  20
W.Sunderlin  20
Mrs. M. Doty  5
Isaac Miller*  25
Lewis Wilson  25
John Hannah  25
L. L. Lake  25
W. Cunningham  5
J. H. Robbins  5

?Dead.

HtttOBY 0# BOONE 66m*T*.

251

"Tlie enlistment roll," continues the Standard, "was then opened, and
fifteen or twenty men came forward and affixed their names. A meeting
was fixed for the evening, in the basement of the Presbyterian church,
which was packed full, a large number of ladies being present. * * *
Tlie meeting was called to order and brief speeches made bv the chairman
(Dr. AVhitney), S. A. Hurlbut, W. Thompson, Wales W. "Wood, and Dr.
Molony. Tlie subscription proceeded briskly during the intervals, and
stopped a little short of $4,1)00!"
At this meeting fifty-eight names were signed to the muster roll, np to
the time the report was made to the Standard, and additions constantly
being made. The enlistments were as follows:

S. A. Hurlbut,
AVm. Haywood,
David L. Baker,
J. W. Harper,
J. W. Batcheider,
Geo. AV. Drake,
L. O. Gilman,
J. W. IL Stoner,
AV. W. Jones,
Martin Derthick,
Forrester Clark,
S. S. Stoner,
R. S. Hambridge,
Hiram F. Howe,
N. Vanalstine,
Win. Baker,
John J. Norton,
Plummer F. Robinson,
R. D. Woodruff;
Alonzo Powers,
James Barker,
Orrin Whipple,
Richard A. Gould,
Albert Wheeler,
Joel Danavie,
E. B. White,
Beverly W. AVhitney,
James M. Tisdel,
Daniel L. Tuttle,

Nelson Payne,
Frank Neely,
Chas. Outcalt,
Chas. Rayner,
C. N. Case,
James O. Greytren,
Nicholas Butler,
W. R. Coe,
II. W. Avery,
Z. H. Pratt,
Thos. Tobey,
A mos Bates,
Wm. AVard,
N. A. Gallagher,
A. D. Carpenter,
Jas. M. Smith,
John Patrick,
A. J. McElhany,
Walter Miles,
Robert Giles,
Cl A. Crocker,
J. J. M. Chamberlain,
H. F. Hovey,
P. M. Eighiny,
E. F. Morley,
G. H. Merrill,
Geo. W. Uodgers,
Wm. Derthick,
E. A. Wallace.— 58.

By the 30th of April, one hundred and fifteen men had enrolled their
names, elected officers and drilled daily and nightly. The officers elected
were: S. A. Hurlbut, Captain; William Haywood, First Lieutenant, and
D. L. Baker, Second Lieutenant.
"The Governor was telegraphed," continues the Standard, of May
11th, " that the company desired to be accepted as a part of the
six regiments; but the unwelcomo answer was returned that the six
regiments were full, and over fourteen had offered their services who could
nor be accepted. A bill having been introduced into the legislature, then
in session, to autliorize the Governor to accept ten additional regiments, who
should go into camp, for instruction, thirty days, unless sooner called for by

252 HISTOBY OF BOONE COUNTY.
the President, our company decided to keep up their drill for a few days.
There was some delay in the legislature acting upon thisbill and 6ome doubt
in relation to its passage. The company, on the 4th, adjourned until the
8th, to determine what they would do. On Monday morning, the 6th, the
Adjutant General telegraphed Captain Hurlbut to put his company in
marching order and report himself and company at Freeport, last Saturday,
the 1 1 tli inst. A citizens' meeting was immediattly called for Tuesday
evening, and it was then resolved that the company should be presented with
a uniform military dress. A committee was appointed and left for Chicago
on the night train, and on Wednesday at three o'clock telegraphed that the
cloth was bought and would arrive at nine o'clock that evening. At ten
o'clock that evening the goods were received and unpacked, the tailor uhops
in town transferred to the hall, and everything ready for action.
" Thursday morning found the hall almost crowded to suffocation, with
ladies, all anxious to show their devotion to the good cause by hard work.
And hard work it was. It was decided to abolish the word 'impossible'
and see what could be done. And at it they went with a will. The tailors
cut, the maidens basted, and the matrons put together, and at twelve o'clock
Friday night the work was done. All honor to the fair ones of Belvidere.
The thanks of grateful hearts and a soldier's blessing is your well-earned re
ward. Eighty-four men cany upon their persons the grateful evidences of
your determination to act your part promptly. A few coats finished Satur
day morning are not needed at present. Cloth was bought. for one hundred,
but owing to the uncertainty of the acceptance of the company, several vol
unteers who originally enlisted and went home, did not return. Several
applications, however, were made on Saturday, and we have no doubt the
conip.my will be increased at Freeport to one hundred.
" At an early hour on Saturday morning, our citizens began to pour
into town. At ten o'clock, as a mark of respect to our citizen soldiers, all
stores and shops were closed and business iu town suspended. At half-past
eleven o'clock the procession was formed at the corner of State and Me
chanic streets, under direction of Sheriff Garcelon, and at noon, precisely,
the gallant Boone County Volunteers, in full dress and looking every inch
the soldier, were escorted to the depot by from five to six thousand of their
fellow citizens. Arriving at the depot a short time before the train was
due, short and appropriate exercises took place.
" Doctor Whitney called the meeting to order, and after a few touching
allusions to the solemnity of the occasion which had called together so
many of the citizens, invited the Rev. Mr. Roe to offer up a prayer. Elder
Roe then came forward and pronounced a most touching prayer. W.
Thompson, Esq., addressed the soldiers and people in a short and happy
speech of ten minutes. Rev. 11. B. Holmes also delivered a short address.
A. C. Fuller then eame forward and presented a beautiful sword to Captain
Hurlbut, who acknowledged its presentation as complimentary to himself
and company, and on behalf of himself and company thanked the citizens
of Boone county for the many acts of kindness shown them, and promised
to give a good account of themselves should their active service be required
by the government. Although the occasion was most solemn and imposing,
nobody made a speech — nobody could make a speech — and to the credit of
all, nobody tried to make a speech — the hearts of all were too full for utter
ance. There stood eighty-four of our citizen soldiers who had pledged
themselves to maintain the honor of our flag, and if need be, to seal their

I

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 253
devotion to the constitution and laws bjr their blood, the polished guns and
glistening steel now in their hands to make good that pledge — and around
them beat the aching hearts of fathers, mothers, 'sisters, brothers, neighbors
and friends, pressing on their ranks to take, as it may be, a last farewell.
What can be said at such a time, except to give a word of encouragement
and breathe a prayer for their welfare?
"No man or woman in this county but what ought to feel a common
ride in that company. We are glad to believe their gallant Captain will ,
e made- a Colonel of the regiment. If so. First Lieutenant Haywood, who
has seen service in Mexico, will probably be their Captain. The officers and
men are a tine, healthy, and, we have no donbt, brave set of men. There
may be some tive or six 'wild ones' among them, but they will make good
soldiers, and iu point of intelligence and character the company will com
pare favorably with the people of the country."
Such was the beginning made by the gallant and brave sons of " Little
Boone," that responded so readily to their country's call, swelling the arm}'
by thousands, and of the patriotic citizens, fathers and mothers, that so
readily gave of their substance to save the government's honor, maintain its
dignity and preserve the union the}' loved so well —
"A union of lakes, a union of lands —
A union none can sever —
A union of hearts, a union of hands,
The American union forever."
Monuments may crumble; cities may fall into decay; the tooth of time
leave its impress on all the works of man, but the memory of the gallant
deeds of the army of the union in the war of the great rebellion, in which
the sons of Boone bore so conspicuous a part, will live iu the minds of men
so long as time and civilized governments endure.
In concluding this section of the Past and Present of Boone County,
what more fitting tribute can be paid, what greater halo of glory cast
around and about their deeds of valor, than a full and complete AVar
Record, embracing the names, the terms of enlistment, the battles iu which
they engaged, and all the minutiae of their soldier lives? It will be a
wreath of glory encircling every brow, and a memento which each and
every one of them earned in defense of their country's honor, integrity and
unity.

Boone County War Record.

11th Infantry.
Company D.
PRIVATES.
Marshall Win. e. Sept.i,'6i, m.o. as Sergt., Sept.16,'64.
Company G.
Ccrpl. Thos. B. Echols, c. Aug. 11, 1861, disd. July 23,
1862, wounds. - PRIVATES.
Carnes Wm. H. e. Aug 10, 1861, m. o. July 29, 1864-
Carnes Henry W. e. Aug. 15, i86r, prmt. Corpl., disd.
Aug. 15, 1864.
Hughes Wm. e. Aug. 10, 1861, disd. May 17, 1862.
Kattenback L. e. Aug. 10, 1861, m. o. July 29, 1864.
Moore Geo. W. e. Aug. 15, 1861, died Nov. 9, 1861.
McKay Jas. Aug. 10, 1861, died March 1, 1862.
Ruiand John E. e. Aug. 15, 1861, killed at Yazoo City,
March 5, 1864.
Stivers Wm. M. e. Aug. 10, 1861. m.,o..July 29, 1864.
McCullums J. e. Aug. 20, 1861, died Aug. 15, 1864.
Company I.
Corpl. Fred. M, Hanman, c. Aug. 20, 1861, disd. June
23, 1862.
12th Infantry.
Company A.
PRIVATES.
Slowey Frank, e. Sept. 17, 1861. \
Van Vorce Isaac, e. Sept. 17, i86t, re-enlisted as vet.
Whiting Luther, e. Sept. 17, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
RECRUITS.
Britt Patrick, e. Jan. 24, 1865. deserted Tune 19, 1865.
Henesy Jas. e. Jan. 24, 1865, deserted June 26, 1805.
Little Jos. e. Jan. 24, 1865, m. o. July 10, 1865.
Young Peter, e. Jan. 24, 1865, deserted June 26, 1S65,
Company K.
First Lieutenant Francis Rutger, e. as private Aug. i,
1861. Promoted Second Lieutenant Aug. 30, 1862.
Promoted First Lieutenant Dec. 14, 1862. Term
expired Oct. 21, 1864.
Sketch of 15th Infantry.
The Fifteenth Regiment Infantry Illinois Volunteers
was organized at Freeport, Illinois, and must-red into
the United States service May 24, 1861 — being the first
regiment organized from the state for the three > ears'
service. It then proceeded t/. Alton, 111., remaining
there six weeks for instruction. Left Altcn for St.
Charles, Mo.; thence, by rail, to Mexico, Mo, Marched
t > Hannibal, Mo., thence, by steamboat, to J/fferson
Barracks; then, by rail, to Rollo, Mo. Arrived in
time to cover Gen. Siegel's retreat from Wilson's Creek;
thence to Tipton, Mo., and thence joined Gen. Fre
mont's army. Marched from there 10 Springfield, Mo.;
thence back to Tipton ; then to Sedalia, with Gen.
Pope, and assisted in the capture of 1,300 of the enemy
a few miles from the latter place; tnen maiched to Ot-
terville. Mo., where it went into winter quarters, Dec.
36, 1861. Remained there until Feb. z, 1862. 1 hen
inarched to Jefferson City ; thence to St. Louis, by rail;

embarked on transports for Fort Donelson, arriving
there the day t f the surrender.
_ The regiment was then a-signed to the Fourth Di
vision, Gen. Hurlbut commanding, and marched to
Fort Henry. Then embaike-i on transport- for Pitts
burg Landing. Participated in the battles of the 6th
and 7th of Apiil, losing 252 men, killed and wounded.
Among the former were Lieutena-it Colonel E. T. W,
Elli>, Major Godda-d, Cnptains Brownell and Wayne,
and Lieutenant John W. Puterbaugh. Capiain Adam
Nase, wounded and taken prisoner. The regiment then
marched to Corinth, participating in various skirmishes
and the siege of that place, losing a number of men
killed and wounded.
After the evacuation of Corinth, the regiment marched
to Grand Junction ; thence to Holly Springs, back to
Grand Junction ; thenc to Lagrange ; thence to Mem
phis, arriving there Julv 21, 1862, and remained there
until Septernber6th. Then m.trched to Bolivar ; thence
to the Hatchie river, and participated in the battle of
the Hatchie. Lost fifty killed and wounded in that en
gagement. Then returned to Bolivar; from thence to
Lagrange ; thence, with Gen. Grant, down through
Mississippi to Coffeeville, returning to Lagrange and
Memphis; thence t" Vicksburg, taking an active part
in the siege of lhat plac . After the surrender of
Vicksburg, marched with Sherman to Jackson, Miss.;
then returned 10 Vicksburg and embaiked for Natchez.
Marched thence to Kingston; returned to Natchez;
then to Harrisonburg, La., capturing Fort Beauregard,
on the Wa hita river. Returned to Natchez, remained
there until Nov. 10, 1863. Proceeded to Vick-burg and
went into w nter quarters. Here the regiment re
enlisted as veterans, remaining until reb. 1, 1864, when
it moved wiih en. Sherman thiough Mississippi. On
Champion Hil's had a severe engagement with rebel
Carney. Marched to Meridian; thence south to Enter
prise ; thence back to Vicksburg. Was then ordered to
Illinois on veteran furlough. On expiratio 1 of furlough
joined Seventeenth Army Corps and proceeded up the
Tennessee river to Clilton ; thence to Huntsville, Ala/;,
thence to Oecatur and Rome, Ga.; thence to Kingston,
and joined Gen. Sherman's army, marching on Atlanta.
At Allaioona Pass the Fifteenth and the Fourteenth
Infantry were consolidated, and the organization was
known as the Veteran Battalion Fourteenth and Fif-
tee th Illinois Infantry Volunteeis, and numbering 625
men. From Allatoona Pass it proceeded to Ackwortb,
and was then assigned to duty, guarding the Chatta
nooga and Atlanta R ilroad. Wh Ist engaged in this
duty, the regiment being scattered al ng the line of
road, the rebel Gen. Hood, marching north, struck the
road at Big Shanty and Ackworth, and captured about
300 of the command. The remainder retreated to Ma
rietta, were mounted and acted as scouts for Gen. Van-
dever. They were afterwards transferred to Gen. F.
P. Blair, and marched with Gen. Sherman through
Georgia. After the capture of Savannah, the regiment pro
ceeded to Beaufort. South Carolina ; thence to Safka-
hatchie river, participating in the various skirmishes in
that vicinity— Columbia, ri. C, Fayetteville, N. C,
battle of Bentonville — losing a number wounded ;
thence to Goldsboro and Raleigh. At Raleigh, recruits
sufficient to fill up both regiments were received,
and the organization of the Veteran Batta ion discon
tinued, and the Fifteenth leorganized. The campaign
of Gen. Sherman ended by the surrender of Gen. John
son. The regiment then marched with the army to
Washington, D. C-, via Richmond and Fredericksburg,
and iarucipated in the grand review at Washington,
May 24. 1865; remained there two weeks. Proceeded,
by -ail and steamboat, to Louisville, Ky.; rem ined at
Louisville two weeks. The regiment was then de
tached from the Fourth Division, Seventeenth Army
Co.ps, and proceeded, by steamer, to St. Louis; from
thence to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, arriving ther*

BOONE COUNTY WAR RECORD.

257

July i, 1865. Joined the army serving on the Plains.
Arrived at Fort Kearney, August r4th ; then or ered
to return to Fort Leavenworth, Sept. 1, 1865, where
the regiment was mustered out the service and placed en
route for Springfield, UL, for final payment and dis
charge — having served four years and four months.
Number t miles marched  _  4299
Number of miles by rail-1-  2403
Number of miles by steam r...'  4310
Total miles traveled  11,012
Number of men joined from organization  1963
Number of men at date of muster-out  640
15th Infantry.
Company B.
Captain Wm. Haywood, com. May 24, 1861. Re
signed April 12, 1862.
Captain David L. Baker, com. First Lieutenant May
24, 186 1. Promoted Captain April 12, 1862. Re
signed March 4, 1863.
Captain We* ley W. Jones, e. as Sergeant May 24,
1861. Promoted Second Lieutenant April 12, 1862.
Promoted First Lieutenant Jan. 5, 1863. Pro
moted Captain March 4, 1863. Resigned July
31, 1863.
Captain Lemuel O. Gilman, e. as Corporal May 24,
1861. Promoted First Lieutenant- March 4^ 1863.
Promoted Captain July 31, 1863. Mustered out at
consolidation.
First Lieutenant Addison^ N. Longcor, com. Second
Lieutenant May 24, 1861. Promoted First Lieu-
tena t April 12, 1862. Died Jan. 5, 1863.
First Lieutenant Danl.'L. Clark, com. Second Lieu
tenant March 4, 1863. Promoted 'First Lieutenant
July 31, 1863. Died at- Natchez, Sept. 23, 1863.
First Lieutenant Joseph Develin, com. Sept. 23, 1863.
(See 15 h Reorganized.)
Second Lieutenant Charles Outctilt, e. as private May
24, 1861. Promoted Second' Lieutenant Sept. 23,
1863. Mustered out at consolidation.
Sergt. James L. Tisdel, e. May 24, *6i, disd. on writ of
habeas corpus, June 5, 1861.
Sergt. Job. Kenyan, e. May 24, 1861, disd. Oct. 18,
1862, disab,
Corpl. Beverly W. Whitney, e. May 24, 1861, trans, to
Co. 1, 46th I. V. I., Oct. 31, 1861.
Corpl. Deeter S. Thomas, e. May 24, 1861, disd. Sept.
13, 1861, disab.
Corpf. Albert Wheeler, e. May 24./61, m.o. May 24/64,
Musician Wm. Howard, e. May 24, 1861, disd. Aug.
22, 1861, disab.
Musician Elias B. White, e. May 24, 1861, trans, to
Band May 29, 1861. PRIVATES.
Avery H. W. e. May 24, 1861, m. o. June 28, 1864.
Burke Jas. e. May 24, 1861, deserted Aug. 18, 1861,
insane. '
Bachelder Jas. W. e. May 24/61, disd. Nov. 22, '6i,disab.
Bramlis Wm. e. May 24, 1861, reenlisted as vet. Jan.
1, 1864, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865, as Sergt.
Baker Wm. e. May 24, '61, disd. April 19, '62, disab.
Bates Amos, e. May 24, '61, disd. Oct. 18, '62, disab.
Brown Richard, e. May 24, '6i, died April 6, '62, wds.
Brown Bartlett, e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865, as Corpl. ""
Carefoot H. A. e. May 24, '6i, disd. Oct. 18, '62, disab.
Cline Geo. e. May 24, 1861. '
-*Childs John, e. May 24, '61, m. o. May 24, 1864. ..
Childs Robt. A. e. May 24, 1861, m. o. May 24, 1864.
Callahan J. W. e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. May 30, 1865.
Christian C. M. e. May 24, 1861, killed at Shiloh,
April 6, 1862.
Crocker C. A. e. May 24, 1861, in. o. Sept. 9, 1864,
Colemen Isaac, e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet. Jan.
1, 1864, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865, as ist Sergt.
Drake Geo. W. e. May 24, 1861, m. o. June 24, 1864-
Douaire Jules, e. May 24, 1861, te-enlisted as vet. Jan.
1, 1864, on detached service.
Derthie Martin, e. M*y 24, 1861, trans, to Co. B, Vet.
Battalion, deserted twice.
Derthie Wm. e. May 24, '61, disd. Sept. 26, '63, disab.
Dunnevan Florence^. May 24/61, disd. Aug. 2 1/62, disab.
Doyle John. e. May 24/61, killed at Shiloh, Apr. 6/62.

Eigheney P. M. e. May 24/61, disd. April 19/62, disab.
Gadagher Wm. A. e. Mdy 24, '61, m. o. May 24, 1864.
Graves Geo. H. e. May 24, 1861, m. o. May 24, 1864.
Gainer John, e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet., m.
o. Sept. 16, 1865, as Sergi.
Greytrax Jas. O- e. May 24, 61, disd.Aug.21/62, disab.
Hovey Henry F. e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1. 1864. m. o. May 30, 1865.
Hambridge R. S. e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865.
Johnson Wm W. e. May 24, 1861, died Jan. 15, 1862.
McElhany A.J. e. May 24,1861. re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. May 30, 1865.
Morely E. T. e. May 24, 1861.
McKee Thos. e. May 24, '6i, disd. Oct. 18, '62, disab.
Miles Walter, e. May 24, '6i, dis 1. Sept. 13, '62, disab.
Miles Hiram, e. May 24, '61, disd. Oct. 20, '61, disab.
Norton Samuel, e. May 24, 1861, killed at Shiloh,
April fi, 1862.
Outcalt Chas. e. May 24, '61, m o. May 24, 1864.
Payne Nelson, e. May 24, 1861, disd.. Aug. 19, 1862.
Parker A. B. e. May 24, 1861, disd. July 17, '62, dLab.
Powers Alonzo, e. Ma> 24, 1861.
Pickle B. e. May 24, 1861.
Rairden Juhn R. e. May 24, 1861, disd. Feb. 6, 1862,
worthlessness.
Rogers Geo. W. e. May 24, 1861, died June 14, 1862.
Stoner John Wm. H. e. May 24, 1861, killed at Shi
loh, April 6, 1862.
Smith Jas. M.' e. May 24, '61, disd. Sept. z. 76i, disab.
Smith S. D. e. May 24, 1861.
Tovey Thos, e. May 24^1861, disd. Aug. 9, '62, disab.
VanalUtine N. P. e. May 24/61, disd. Oct. 20/62, disab.
Whitney O. e. May 24, 1861, disd. 'Oct. 18, '62, disab.
Wallace E. A. e. May 24, 1861, re-enlistad as vet. Jan.
1. 1864, m. o. May 30, 1864.
Worthington Geo. e. .May 24, 1861, m. o. May 24, 1864. ,
Woodruff R. D. e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1, 1864.
Ward Wm. e. May 24, 1861.
Wellington S. B. e. May 24, 1861, died July 25, 1863.
Walther Wm. e. May 24, 1861.
Webster Thos.J. e.May 24/61, disd. Aug. is/62,disab.
RECRUITS.
Ainsworth Geo. e. Sept. 24, 1861, disd. Feb. 6, 1862,
worthlessness.
Blakey James, e. May 24,1861.
Clark D. N. e. May 24, 1861..
Case Chas. N. e. May 24, '61, disd,. April 19/62, disab.
Courtright G. A. e. Dec. 4, 1863, trans, to Co. B, Vet.
Battalion, deserted June 26, 1865.
Clark Samuel J. e. March 10, 1862, re-enlisted as vet.
March 10, 1864, m. o. June 19, 1865.
Doram Hiram, e. May 24, '61, disd. July 1, '62, disab.
Davis JohntG. e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet. Jan.
1, 1864, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865.
Dean O- E. e. May 24, 1861, disd. Aug. 28, '62, disab.
Greene Geo. E. e.May 24/61, disd. April 28/62, disab. '
Herrick Ira O- e. May 24, 1861, disd. Feb.6, '62, disab.
Howe Frank O. e. Sept. 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. May 30, 1865.
Hathaway L. e. March 28, 1862, trans, to Co. B, Vet.
Battalion, prisoner of war.
Keeler Calvin, e. May 24, 1861, killed at Corinth,
May 28, 1862.
Lee Edward, e. May 24, 1861, m. o May 24, 1864.
Minor Wesley, e Feb. 7, 1863, re-enlisted as vet. Jan.
1, 1864, m. o. Sept 16, 1865,
Randall Jas. M. e. May 24, 1861.
Robinson Geo. W. e. Sept. 24, 1861, trans, to Co. B,
Vet. Battalion, m. o. Sept. 23, 1864.
Rhulman Fred, e. March 8, 1862, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. Aug. 11, 1865.
Shibler Adam, e. Jan, 24, ,1862, re-enlisted as .yet. Jan.
1, 1864, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865.
Smith A. C e. Dec. 8, 1863, trans, to Co. B. Vet. Bat
talion, died May 27, 1865.
Thorn John G. e. May 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet., m.
o. May 30, 1865.,
White Henry G. e. Sept. 24, 1861, trans, to Co. B, Vet.
Battalion, m. o. Sept. 23, 1864.
White Chas. W. e. Sept. 24, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 1, 1864, m. 0. Sept. 16, 1865.
Wilson John W. e. Sept. 24/61, disd. Aug.21/62, disab.
Woods Wm. disd. Oct. 22, 1861, disab.
Company D.
Lillibridge H. F. c. Sept. 16, 1861, died Dec. 13, 1861.

258

BOONE COUNTY "WAR RECORD.

15th Infantry Reorganized.
Lieutenant Colonel Lemuel O. Gilman, com. Captain
Co. H, Vet. Battalion, 14th- and 15th Regts, July
31, 1863. Promoted Lieutenan Colonel July 20,
1864. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865.
Major Jos. Develin, com. Fir-.t Lieutenant Co. B, Vet.
Battalion, 14th and 15th Regts, Siept. 23, 1863.
Promoted Captain July 20, 1864. Promoted Major
June 27, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865.
Adjutant Saml. J. Dunham, e. as Corporal Co. B, Jan.
1, 1864. Promoted S rgoant. Promoted Adjutant
Sept. 20, 1865. Mustered out (as Sergeant) Sept.
16, 1865. Company A.
First Lieutenant Geo. W. Thompson, com. Feb. 12,
1865. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865.
First hergt. Aaron W. McG-ill, e. Feb. 17, 1865. m. w.
» Sept. 16, 1865.
Corpl. Dennis Ahern, c. Feb. 17, '65, m.o. Sept. 16, '65.
PRIVATES.
Hegley Gottlieb, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. July 31, 1865.
Jackson Jas. H- e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 16, 1865.
Patten Patrick, e. Feb. 21, 1865', deserted Feb. 25, 1865.
Company B.
Captain Arthur Dawson, e. as Corpl. Jan. 1, 1864.
Promoted Sergeant Major. Promoted Captain
Aug. 21, 1865. Mustered out (as Sergeant Major)
Sept. 16, 1865.
First Lieutenant Chas. White, e. as Sergeant Jan. 1,
1864. Promoted First Lieutenant Aug. 21, 1865.
Mustered out (as Sergeant) Sept. 16, 1865.
Second Lieutenant Isaac Coleman, e. as Corporal Jan.
1, 1864. Promoted First Sergeant. Promoted
Second Lieutenant Sept. 20, 1865. Mustered out
(as Sergeant) Sept. 16, 1865.
First Sergeant Geo. G. Smith, e. Jan. 1, 1864, m. o.
May 30, 1865. PRIVATES.
Aikey Saml. e. Jan. 1, 1864, m. o. May 30, 1865.
Brown Robt. e. Jan. 1, 1864, vet., m. o. Sept. 16, 1865.
Clark Saml. J. e. March 10, 1864, m. o. June" 19, 1865.
Kortright Jas. S. e. Sept. 6, 1864, m. 0. May 23, 1865.
17th Infantry*
First Asst. Surg. Henry H. Penniman, com.. 2d Asst.
Surg. Dec. 26, 1862. Promoted ist Asst. Surg.
July 1, '63. Mustered out for promotion Nov.28/63.
29th Infantry.
Company B.
Black Saml. A. c. Sept. 6, 1864, m. o. Aug. 4, 1865.
39th Infantry.
Second Asst. Surg. Wm. Woodward, com. Dec. 9, '62,
prmt. Surg. 58th 1. V. I.
Sketch of 45th Infantry.
The Washburne Lead Mine Regiment was organized
at Chicago, 1'L, Dec. 25, 1861, by Col. John E. Smith,
and mustered into the United States service as the
Forty-fifth In.antry Illinois Volunteers. January 15,
1862, moved to I airo, Illinois, 1- ebruary ist assigned to
Bnga.de of Col. W. H. L. Wallace, Division of Brig.
Gen. McClernand. February 4th, landed below Fort
Henry, on the Tennessee, and on the 6th marched into
thr. fort, it having been surrendered to the gun-boats.
Febru.iiy nth, moved toward Fort Donelson, and dur
ing the succeeding days bore its part of the suffering
and of the battle. 'Ihe flag of the Forty-fifth was the
» first planted on the enemy's works. Loss — 2 killed and
26 wounded. March 4th, n oved lo the Tennessee
River, and nth, arrived at Savannah. Was engaged
in the expedition tu Pin Hook. March 35th moved to
Pit tbburg Landing, and encamped near bhiloh Church.

The Forty-fifth took a conspicuous and honorable
part in the two days' battle of Shiloh, losing 26 killed
and 199 wounded and miss, ng— nearly one-half of the
regiment. April i2ih, Col. John E. Smith, of the
Forty-fifth, took command of .the Brigade. During
the siege of Corinth, the regiment was in the First Bri
gade, Third Division, Reserve Army ofthe Tennessee,
aud bore Un full share of the labors and dangers of the
campaign- June 4th, the regin ent was assigned to
1 hird Brigade, and moved towards Purdy, fifteen
miles. On the 5th, marched to Bethel ; 7th to Monte
zuma, and on the Sth to Jackson, Tennessee, the enemy
flying on its approach.
Duiing the months of June and July, engaged in
garrison and guard duty. August nth, assigned to
guarding railroad, near Toon's Station. On the 31st,
after much desperate fighting, companies C and Dwere
captured. The remainder of the regiment, concen-
tr tug at Toon's Station, were able to re; ist the attack
of largely outnumbering forces. Loss — 3 killed, 13
wounded, and 43 taken prisoners. September 17th,
moved to Jackson ; Noy. 2d to Bolivar, and was as
signed to First Brigade, Third Div., Right Wing,
Thirteenth Army Corps. Nov. 3, 1862, marched from
Bolivar to Van Buren ; 4th, to Lagrange, and were
ass gned to provost duty; 28th, marched to Holly
Springs; Dec. 3d, to Waterfo.d ; 4th, 10 Abbeville ; 5th,
to Oxford, to Yocona river, near Spring Dale.
Communications with the North having been cut off,
foraged on tho country for supplies. Dec. 17th, notice
received of the promotion of Col. John E. Smith, to
Brigadier General, ranking from Nov. 29th. Dec. ind
returned to Oxford ; 24th moved to a camp three miles
north of Abbeville, on the Ta lahatchie river, where
the regiment remained during the month. Mustered
out July 12, 1865, at Louisville, Ky., and arrived at
Chicago, July 15, 1865, for final payment and discharge.
dSth Infantry*
Company A.
Sullivan John, e. Sept. 2, 1864, m. o. June 3, 1865.
Company F.
First Lieutenant Edwin L. Lawrence, com. Second
Lieutenant Dec. ag, 1 61. Promoted First Lieu
tenant April 8, 1862. Resigned Sept. 2, 1862.
First Lieutenant Jno. A. Rollins, e. as private Sept.
23, 1861. Promoted Second Lieutenant June 1,
1862. Promoted First Lieutenant Oct. 1, 1863.
Resigned July 22, 1863.
First Lieutenant Jno. P. Jones, r. as Sergt. Oct. 7, '61.
Promoted Second Lieutenant, from First Sergeant,
Oct. 1, 1862. Promoted Fiist Lieutenant July 22,
1863. m Term expired Dec. 28, 1864.
Second Lieutenant Gideon S. Riley, e. as private Oct.
1,1861. Re-enlisted as vet. Jan. 5. 1864. Com.
2d Lieut. Mustered out (as Sergt.) July 12, 1865.
First Sergt. Henry Crittendon, e. Sept. 21, 1861, died
at Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 2, 1862, wounds.
Sergt. Horace B. Sears, e. Sept. 26, 1861, disd. March
13, 1862, disab.
Sergeant Jos. S. Buck, c. Oct. 14, 1861, disd. Nov. 10,
1863, wounds.
Musician Edw. Tripp, e. Sept. 25, 186Y, m. o. Dec. 29,
1864, term ex. PRIVATES.
Allen Danl. M. e. Oct. 9, 1861, re-enlisted as vet. Jan.
5, 1864, m. o. July 12. 1865, as Corpl.
Brown John, e. Nov. 18, 1861, re-enlisted as vet. Dec.
19, 1863, m. o. July 12, 1865.
Buckl y Jas. e. Nov 20, 1861, disd. for promotion as
Hospital Steward. '
Clark Seymour, e. Dec. 10, 1861, disd. May 16, 1862.
Dalby Abner, e. Nov. 21, 1861, died at Vicksburg,
Nov. 12, 1863.
Dickerson John, e. Oct. 9, 1861, killed at Vpcksburg,
May 23, 1863.
Francis Wm. - . Oct. 1, 1861, killed at Vicksburg,
June 26, 1863.
Frederick John, e. Sept. 29/61, m.o. Jan. 17/65, term ex.
Long limothy, e. Oct. 10, i86t, claimed as a dese.ter
Jan. 15, 1862.
Longfield H. R. E. e. Nov. 19, 1861, dropped from
rolls Aug. 18, 1862.

BOONE COUNTY WAR RECORD.

259

McMahon A. F. e. Nov.6, '61, disd. Feb.27, '63, disab.
Nash E. J. e. Oct. 5, 1861, disd. May 16, 1862.
Primer John M. e. Nov. 14, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Dec. 18, 1863, disd. June 19, 1865, wounds.
Robbins John, e. Oct. 7, '6i, m. o. Dec. 29/64, term ex.
Robbins Henry, e. (Jet. 12, iSbi, disd., minor and disab.
Smith Luther, e. Oct. 1, re-enlisted as vet. Jan. 5, '64,
m. o. July 12, 1865, as Corpl.
Sullivan Dennis, e. Nov 8, 1861, re-enlisted as vet.
Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. July 12, 1865. .
Squier Abram, e. Nov. 8, 1861, disd. May 16, 1862.
Spackman Wm. e. Nov. 18, 1861, trans, to V. R. C,
May 31, 1864.
Smedley L.D. e. Oct. 1/61, dishonorably disd. April 1/62.
Young David, e. Sept. 21, 1861, died at St. Louis,
March 24, 1862. RECRUITS.
BuckWm. P. e. Sept. 15, 1862, print. Corpl., m. o-
June 5, 1865.
Baxter Leslie H. e. Sept. 29, '64, m. o. June 3, 1865.
Wynn Henry, e. Sept. 29, 1864, m. o. June 3, 1865.
48th Infantry.
Second Asst. Surg. Jno. J. Golden, e. as Hospital
Steward, com. Aug. 10, 1865. Mustered out (as
Hospital Steward) Aug. 15, 1865.
Company C.
Stotts Benj. e. Feb. 24, 1864, died at Stottsboro, Ala.,
April 10, 1864. Company K.
Jones or James Sam'l, e. Oct. 23, '6t, m.o. Nov. 16/64.
Little Wm. B. e. Oct. 23, 1861, trans, to V. R. C. June
15* 1864. VETERANS.
Dal'as Eli, e. March 9, 1864, disd. June 25, 1865.
Golden E. J. e. March 9, 1864, disd. at Marietta, Ga.,
Aug. 22, 1864. RECRUITS.
Brasswell John F. e. Feb. 24. 1864, m. o. Aug. 13, 1865.
Babbs Thos. J. e. Feb. 24, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865.
Bixbie Jno. W. e. Feb. 12, 1864, deserted March 1, '64.
Canady Jdcob, e. Feb. 10, 1864, disd. July 11. 1865.
Deming Harvey, e. Feb. 10, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865,
on furlough.
Dye Isaac, e. Feb. 24, 1864, m. o. Aug. 15, 1865.
Kenner Jno. e. Feb. 24, 1864, prmt. Sergt. Major.
Shive A. J. e. Nov. 1, 1861, died at Cairo, Dec. 11, '61.
Wilson Shelby, e. Feb. 10, 1864, deserted March x, '64.
58th Infantry.
Company B.
First Lieutenant Jas. E. Moss, promoted Second Lieu
tenant March 26, 1862. Promoted First Lieutenant
March 2, 1863. Killed May 18, 1864.
Hogan Thos. e. Dec. n, 1861, disd. June 3, 1862.
Hogan Jno. e. Dec. 11, 1861, disd. Dec. 31, 1862.
Herron F. E. March 27, 1863, deserted July 29, 1863.
Hill Merrett, e. June 15, 1863, trans, to Co. B asconsl'd,
m. o. April i, 1866.
Lawrence O. B. e. March 27, 1863, disd. April 25, 1863.
Company G.
Ramer Chas. e. Dec. 9, 1861, trans, to Co. I.Jan. 5, '62.
58th Infantry Consolidated.
Surgeon Wm. Woodward, com. April 11, 1865. Mus
tered out April x, 1866.
65th Infantry.
Chaplain Chas. H. Roe, com. May 1, 1862. Resigned
Jan. 10, 1863.

Company E.
VETERANS.
Barr Jas. e. March 31, 1864, trans, to Co. KasconsoPd,
m. o. July 13, 1865.
Lawrence Chas. e. March 31, 1864, trans, to Co. K as
consol'd, m. o. July 13, 1865.
Mack E. J. e. March 31, 1864, trans, to Co. K as
consolM, m. o. July 13, 1865.
Taff Harrison, e. March 31, 1864, trans, to Co. K as
consol'd, m. 0. July 13, 1865.
90th Infantry.
Company I.
Captain Wm. Cunningham, com. Oct. 31, 1862. Re
signed July n, 1864.
Corpl. Thos. Julian, e. Aug. 14, 1862, private, absent
without leave since April 17, 1864.
Corpl. Lawrence Donavan, e. Aug. 16, 1862, disd. Feb.
24, 1865, as Sergt., disab.
s PRIVATES.
Downs M. e. Aug. 16, 1862, m.o. June 6, 1865, as Sergt.
Gallaher Hugh,e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865.
McLaughlin B. e. Aug. 27, 1862, died July 15, 1864, No.
of grave 1,634.
Rosencrans W. e. Aug. 19, 1862, m. o. June 24, 1865, as
Corpl., pris. war.
Shields Francis, e. Aug. 16, 1862, m. o. June 6, X865.
RECRUITS.
Hanley Jno. e. Oct. 10, 1862, deserted June 2, 1863.
Lovell Dan. e. Oct. 8, 1862, disd. Sept. 3, 1864, disab.
Smith A. B. deserted Nov. 8, 1862.
Sketch of 95th Infantry.
The Ninety-fifth Infantry Illinois Volunteers was or
ganized at Camp Fuller, Rockford, Illinois, in August,
1862, by Col. Lawrence S. Church, and mustered into
the United States' service Sept. 4, 1862.
The Regiment moved from camp/ Nov. 4th, and pro
ceeded, via Cairo and Columbus, to Jackson, Tenn.,
and, afterward, toGrand Junction, Tenn., where it was
assigned to Gen. McArthur's Division, Army of the
Tennessee. Took part in Gen. Grant's campaign in
Northern Mississippi, in the winter of 1862.
Moved from Memphis to Milliken's Bend in the
springof 1863. Participated in the march to Grand
Gulf, and all the battles between that place and the
rear of Vicksburg. Was in the charges of May ioth
and 22d, losing 25 killed, 124 wounded, and 10 missing
— a much heavier loss than that of any other Regiment
in the Division.
In March, 1864, went on Red River expedition, under
Gen. A. J. Smith, and was engaged at the capture of
Kort heRussey and in the battles of Old River, Clou-
tierville, Mansouri, Yellow Bayou, and all the move
ments of that advance and retreat.
In May, 1864, returned to Vicksburg, and soon after
' moved to Memphis and took part in the ill-fated Sturgis
expedition. Was in the battle of Guntown, and fought
with undaunted bravery, but was overpowered, and,
with the whole of Sturgis' army, retreated in confusion
to Memphis. Col. Thomas W. Humphrey was killed,
and nearly the whole Regiment was k lied, wounded or
made prisoners. The campaign nearly annihilated the
Regiment. After recruiting at Memphis the command, in Au
gust, joined Gen. Mower. Moved up White river, and
marched from Brownsville, through Arkansas, to Mis
souri, in pursuit of Price. The Ninety-fifth arrived at
Benton Barracks, Missouri, Nov. 1, 1864. Nov. 30th,
moved to Nashville, Tenn. Took part in battle of
Nashville, Dec. 15 and 16, 1864, and in pursuit of Hood's
defeated army to Tennessee river. Jan. 2, 1865, moved
up the river to Eastport.
In February, 1865, embarked for New Orleans, arriv
ing Feb. aist.
On the 14th of March, moved to Dauphin Island, at
mouth of Mobile Bay. On the 18th, landed at Cedar
Point, with Col. Moore's Brigade, and commenced the
first offensive operations against Mobile. Took part in
0*n. Canby 's movement from Fish river. During the

260

BOONE OOUNTT "WAR RECORD.

siege of Spanish Fort, carried its trenches to within 30
yards of the enemy's works, and participated in the
storming and capture of the fort, April 8, 1865, being
the first Regiment to occupy what was known, in the
rebel line, as the "Red Fort."
Afier the fall of Mobile, the Ninety-fifth marched to
Montgomery, Ala., arriving April 25th. From thence,
moved to Opelika, Ala.
July 18th, started home. August '3d, arrived at
Vicksnurg ; 10th, at St. Louis, and moved to Camp But
ler, 111., where, Aug. 18, 1865, it was mustered out of
service. During the summer of 1864, the Regiment had a de
tachment of 100 men, with Maj. Chanes B. Loop, Capt.
James Nish and Capt. A. S. Stewa.t, in charge. They
part cpated in the battles of Kenesaw Mountain, Chat-
tahoochie river, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Sta
tion. The Regiment has marched 1,800 miles, and moved,
by rail and water, 8,160 miles. Eighty-four men have
been killed in battle or died of wounds and 17b died of
disease. Total number of men who have belonged to
the Ninety-fifth, 1,355.
95th Infantry.
Major Chas. B. Loop, com. Captain Co. B, Sept. 4,
1862. Promoted Major June 12, 1864. Mustered
out Aug. 17, 1865.
Adjutant Wales W. Wood, com. Sept. 4, 1862. Mus
tered out Aug. 17, 1865.
Surgeon Geo. N. Woodward, com. Oct. 10, 1862. Re
signed March 24, 1863.
Company A.
Drake Albert, e. Aug. 5, 1862, disd. Nov. 25, 1863, for
promotion in 6th Miss, Vol. A. D.
Devine J. e. Dec. 29, 1863, disd. Mch. 20, 1865, disab.
Huff Matt. e. Jan. 19/65, trans, to Co. A, 47th I.V.I.
Smith Jas. H. e. Dec. 19, 1863, trans, to Co. A, 47th
Tooney Jos.e. Dec. 28, '63, trans. Co. A, 471b I. V. I.
Tucker C. F. e. Dec. 8, 1863, m. o. May 18, 1865.
Company B.
Captain Jas. M. Tisdel, e. as Sergt. Aug. 7, 1862. Pro
moted First Sergeant. Promoted Second Lieuten
ant July 26, 1863. Promoted First Lieutenant
April 1, 1864. Promoted Captain June 12, 18^4.
Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865.
First Lieutenant Milton E. Keeler, com. Sept. 4, 1862.
Resigned April 1, 1864.
First Lieutenant Wm. H. H. Curtis, e. as Sergeant
Aug. 5, 1862. Promoted First Sergeant. Promot
ed Second Lieutenant April 1, 1864. Promoted
First Lieutenant June 12, 1864. Mustered out
Aug. 17, 1865.
Second Lieutenant Aaron F. Randall, com. July 28,
1862. Resigned Jan. 16, 1863.
Second Lieutenant Edwin D. Pierce, e. as First Ser
geant Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted Second Lieutenant
Jan. 16, 1863. Resigned July 26, 1863. ?
Second Lieutenant Edwin H. Rosecrans, e. as Cor-.
poral Aug. 25, 1862. Promoted Sergeant. Pro
moted Second Lieutenant June 12,1864. Mustered
out Aug. 17, 1865.
Sergt. Albert E. Locke, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Vicks
burg. Oct. 25, 1863.
Corpl. Stephen A. Rollins, e. Aug. 13, 1862, Sergt.,
kid. Guntown, Miss., June 10, 1864.
Corpl. Solomon H. Bailey, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd.
March 6, 1863, disab.
Corpl. H. B. Bogardus, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug.
17, 1865, as First Sergt.
Corpl. Chas. W. Webb, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. u. Aug.
17, 1865, as Sergt.
Corpl. Chas. B. Drake, c. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. March
23. 1863, disab.
Corpl. Jno.Horan, e.Aug.12/62. died at Memphis,wds.
Corpl. John G. Morey, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17,
1865, as Sergt.
Musician Pete White, e. Aug. 10, 1862, prmt. Princi
pal Musician. '
Musician A. M. Horton, e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17,
1863, wds.
Wag >ner Benj. Easton, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at Mem
phis, June 19, 1863, wds.

PRIVATES.
Allen Osborn, e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd. Mch. 22/63, disab.
Atkinson Rob,, e. Aug. 9, 62, disd. Oct. 21, '63, disab.
Butler John, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Bishop J. C. e. Aug. 11, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Boyce Wm. H. e. Aug. 15, '62, died at Memphis Feb.
3. l863-
Barker Ed*, e. Aug. 20, 1862, disd. Mch. 23, 63, disab.
Blaichford Geo. e. Aug. 14, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17. 1865.
Curtiss Chas. e. Aug. 5, 1862, prmt. Sergt. M.j.
Chamberlin D. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Chilvers W. B. e. Aug. 9, '62, m.o. Aug. 17/65, Corpl,
Corner Isaac, e. Aug. n, '62, disd. Jan. 14/63, disab.
Corcoran John, e. Aug. 11, 1862, died at St. Louis,
Oct. 9, 1863.
Carpenter A. D. e. Aug. 11, 1862, deserted May 24/63.
Cox David, e. Aug. 5, 1862. m. o. May 31, 65, wtis.
Carpenter G. D. e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Cummings A. S. e. Aug. 15/62, m. o. Aug. 17/65, wds.
Coll er John, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Cramer Peter e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Feb. 11/63. disab.
Draper Hiram, e. Aug. 13, '62, disd. Mch. 20/63, disab.
Fitzmorns J. e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o, Aug. 17, 1865.
Griffin Geo. H. e. Aug. 13, '62, disd/June 24,'63,disab.
Goodman J. G. e. Aug. n, 1862, m. o. July 22, 1865,
prisoner war.
Hovey Austin, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Houck F. F. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865, pris
oner war.
Horton Thos. D. e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Henan Oscar, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17, 1865,
Hill Wm. F. e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17/65, Corpl.
Hill Ira D. e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Hostrawser Paul, e: Aug. 9, '62, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865, as
Corpl.
Harder Wellington, e. Aug. 6, '62, m.o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Harder Walter, e. Aug; 9, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Heftin Wm. e. Aug. 6, '62, m. o. Aug. 17, '65, Sergt.
Kelly Thomas, e. Aug. 14, 1862, deserted Nov. ig, '62.
Loper Orlando, e. Aug. 9, 1862, absent, wounded, at
m. o. of regt.
Leach E. J. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Sept. 27, 1863, disab.
Marvin Geo. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. Mch. 22, '63, disab.
Marion S. F. e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o: Aug. 17, '65, Corpl.
McCoy H. e. Aug. n, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Munga H. J. e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Moore Thos. e. Aug. 9, '62, m. o. Aug. 17, '65, wnd'd.
Merrill John J. e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o Aug. 17, 1865.
Martin Joi n, e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. Aug. 17, '65, wnd'd.
Manning Jas. R. e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. Sept. 18, 1864,
disab.
Morley F. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Newcomb W. O. e. Aug. 12, 1862, trans, to Invalid
Corps, Sept. 25, 1863.
O'Donnell James, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Porter W. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. May 18, 1865 disab.
Park E. E. e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Powell M. L. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. 0. July 22, 1865, was
prisoner.
Ridge Robt. e. Aug. 12, '62, mi o. Aug. 17, '65, Corpl.
Sackett Geo. W. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Studley D. F. e. Aug. 15, 1862, died June 18, '63, wds.
Studley Chas. A. e.1 Aug. 15, 1S62, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865,
as Corpl.
Stevenson Wm. R. c. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17/65,
wounded.
Stevenson S. L. e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Sexton John, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Memphis, June
26, 1864.
Shackley E. e. Aug. 20, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, '65, wnd'd.
Shatteman H. e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Smith H. e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865, Corpl.
Sweetapple Jos. e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865,
as Sergt.
Thompson Ransom, e. Aug. 15, '62, m. 0. Aug. 17, '65.
Tibbitts J. D. e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Winegar D. G. e. Aug. 14, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17. 1865.
Westberry Job H. e. Aug. 14, 1862, kid. May 22, 1863.
Winegar Geo. W. e. Aug.' 14, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
RECRUITS.
Andrews Mervin, e. Aug/31, 1864, disd. June 10, 1865,
disab
Barnes (Jeo. e. Sept. 14, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Barr Wm. e. Dec. 19, 1863, trans, to Co. B, 47th I. 'V. I.
Church Chas. e. Sept. 12, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 186-.
Coller Smith, e. Dec. n, 1863, trans. Co. B, 47th I.V.I.
Curtis F. H. e. Jan. 4, 1864, trans. Co. B, 47th I. V. I.

BOONE OOUOTY WAB BECOBD.

261

Demerest Lemuel, e. Sept. 12, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, '65.
Del iny Richard, e. Sept. 19, 1864, ni. o. Aug 17, 1865.
Dupuy Garrett, e. Dec. 25, 1863, trans, to Co. B, 47th
Dixon M. e. Jan. 5, 1864, died at Mound City, III.,
June 28, 1864.
Fagan Lawrence,1 e. Dec. 22, 1863, trans, to Co. B, 47th
I. V. I., absent sick.
Farnsworth Chas. e. Dec. 7, 1863, died at Memphis,
Sept. 18, 1864.
Gallagher Andrew, e. Sept. 19, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, '65.
Haight A. C. e. Jan. 2, 1864, m.o. June 5, 1865.
Hovey Edwin, e. Uec. 12, 1863, died at Montgomery,
Ala., July 22, 1865.
Johnson Thore, e. Dec. 30, 1863, trans, to Co. B, 47th
Johnson John, e. Jan. 18, 1864, trans, to Co. B, 47th I.
V. I., absent sick.
Jacobs J. A. e. March 26, 1864, trans. Co. B, 47th I.V.I.
Leach C. C. e. Nov. 26, 1863, trans. Co. B, 47th I.V.I.
Moore John, e. Sept. 14. 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Moore D. A. e. Sept. 3, 1864, m. o. May 23, 1865.
Marvin D. E. e. Dec. 21, 1863, m. o. June 15, 1865.
Murphy [ames, e. Feb 8, 1864, trans. Co. B, 47th I.V.I.
Mead Wm. H. e. Dec. 16, 1863, died at Vicksburg, Feb.
/ 24, 1864.
Miller Jas. C. <=. Dec. 30, 1863, died at Vicksburg, Feb.
18. 1865.
McNelly Wm. e. Dec. 15, 1^63, died at Rome, Ga.,
July 15, 1864.
Mikleson Kittle, e. Jan. 5, 1864, died at Memphis, July
14, 1864.
Parsons John H. e. Dec. 11, 1863.
Randolph John, e. Sept. 29, 1862.
Smith A. M. e. Sept. 12. 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Searls John A. e. Dec. 30, 1863, trans, to Co. B, 47th
I.V.I.
Sergeant Tim, e. Nov. 28, 1863, trans, to Co. B, 47th
I. V. I.
Seibert A. W. e. Dec. 28, 1863, died at Louisville, Ky.,
July 21, 1864.
Strong E. N. e. Dec. 1, 1863, died in Andersonville
Prison, Sept. 17, 1864 ; No. of grave, 9,013.
Tyler Wm. N. e. Dec. 28,1863, Veteran Recruit, pa
roled prisoner, m. o. July 31, 1865.
Tyler E. A. e. Dec. 28, 1863, died at Memphis, Sept.
5, 1864.
Williams Henry, e. Dec. 22, 1863, kid. at Guntown,
Miss., June 10, 1864. Company D.
Davis L. J. e. Sept. 23, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Hinderman H. e. Sept. 6, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Schlan Henry, e. Sept. 12, 1864, m.o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Company E.
Sergt. Wm. Andrews, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17,
1865, as ist Sergt.
Corpl. Geo. G. Blake, e. Aug. 22. 1862, m. v. Aug. 17.
1865. Reduced at his own request.
PRIVATES.
Alderman John L. e. Aug. 22, 1862, died^April 25, 1863.
Bassett Geo.e.Aug.2z.*62, died at Vicksburg^Dec. 8.'63-
Brown Jos. e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. 0. Aug. 17, 1865.
Barnard Geo. V. e. Aug. 15, 1862, m o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Bassett Wm.e.Aug.22,'62,kld. at Vicksburg May 17/63.
Holden Chas. A. e. Aug. 15", 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Stott Jas. e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. March 20, 1863, as
Corpl., disab. RECRUITS.
Ball Frank G. e. Sept. 14, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865.
Cummings Robt. e. Sept. 14, 1864, m. o. July 25, 1865.
Fitzer L. F. e. Oct. 3, 1864, died at Eastport, Miss.,
Jan. 28, 1865. Company F.
RECRUIT
Brown Morris F. e. Oct. 3, 1864. trans, to Co. D, 47th
Illinois Infantry. Company G.
Captain Elliott N. Bush, com. Sept. 4. 1863. Killed in
battle, June 12, 1864.

Captain Henry M. Bush, com. First Lieutenant Sept.
4, 1862. Promoted 1 aptain June 12, 1864. Mus
tered out Aug. V7, i86«;.
First Lieuienant Chas. W.Ives, e. as First Sergeant
Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted Second Lieutenant June 24,
1863. Promoted First Lieutenant June 12. 1864.
Resigned (as Second Lieutenant) Sept. 8, 1864.
First Lieutenant Jeremiah Wile x, e. as Sergeant Aug.
5, 1862. Ptcmoted First Sergeant. Promoted Sec
ond Lieute ant June 12, 1864. Promoted First
LieutemntSept 8,1864. Mustered out Aug.17,1865.
Second Lieutenant Joseph M. Collier, com. Sept, 4,
1862. Died June 24, 1863.
Sergt. Jas. S. Collins, e. Aug 5, 1862, died at Lagrange,
Tenn., Jan. 15, 1863.
Sergt. Daniel B. Cornell, e. July 26, 1862, m. o. June
10, 1865, as First Sergt., wds.
Corpl. Wm. Bryden, e. Aug: 5, 1862, disd. Feb. 24, '63,
disab.
Corpl. Rich'd O. Gunn, e. July 29, 1862, died at Keo
kuk, Iowa, Dec. 14, 1863, wds.
Corpl. Wells Briggs, e. Aug. 2, 1862, m. o. Aug. *, '65,
pris. war, wds.
Corpl. A. Quackenboss, c. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Mem
phis, March 1, 1863.
Corpl. D. S. Gookins, e. July 30, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17,
1865, as Sergt. wds.
Corpl. D. E. Keeler, e. July 31, 1862, m. o. May 27,
1865, as private. ""
Corpl. C. N. Wilson, e. Aug. 14, 1862, disd. June 6,
1863, for promotion as R. Q. M. 8th La. Col. Inf.
Musician Fred. Wood.e. July 31, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17,
1865, as private.
Musician J. Atterly Moore, e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. u. Aug.
17, 1865.
Wagoner Wm. Whitehead, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. Aug.
17, 1865, as private. PRIVATES.
Abbott Marcus R. c. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, '65,
as Corpl.
Barnes Chas. e. Aug. 6. 1863, died at Vicksburg, July
17, 1863.
Barnes Orrin, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Benedict Jno.E. e.Aug.2,'62,kld.Vicksbure,May 19/63.
Bennett Geo. e. Aug. 7, '62, m.o.Aug. 17, 65, was pris.
Blood Albert, e. July 30, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17, *6s, wds.
Borst W. S. e. Aug. 15, 1862, deserted Oct. 10, 1862.
Briggs Royal, e. Aug. 6, 1862, died at home, Aug., '64.
Bristol N. S. e. Aug 2, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Byron Peter, e. Aug. 6, 1862, disd. At g. 18, 1864, wds.
Cashire A. D. J. e. Aug. 6, 1862. m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Caswell J. D. e. Aug. 6, 1862, disd. Jan. 15, 1863. ^
Chase D. E. e. Aug. 2, 1862, disd. Dec 23, 1863, for
promotion as ist Sergt.
Caswell H. A. e. Aug. 5/62, m.o. Aug. 29/65. pris.war.
Collins Chas. O.e. Aug. 8, 1862, died Feb. 26, 1863.
Danforth Chas. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17. 1865.
Douglass H. Ford, e. July 26, 1 62, disd. June 7, 1863,
for promotion as Capt. Ind. Co. attached to 8th
La. Col. Inf.
Dible Jno. H. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.^
Downs Geo. W. e. Aug. 6, '62, disd. Feb. 24, '63, disab.
Eastman B. F. e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, T865.
Feakins Hawley, e. Aug. 6, 1862. m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Feakins Wm. A. e. Aug. 2, '62, died home, Sept. 10/63.
Field M. L. e. Aug. 2, 1862, trans, to Invalid Corps,
Oct. 19, 1863.
Foote E. L. e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, '65, Corpl.
Frederick W. H. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 7865.
Gilbert Pierce, e. Aug. 2, '62, disd. July 20, '63, disab.
Gile Rufus B. e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Montgomery,
Ala., July 22, 1865.
Gilkerson Wm. e. Aug 26, 1862, m. o. Jan. 24, 1865, as
Sergt., prisoner of war.
Gunn Wm. E. e. Aug. 26, 1862, killed at Vicksburg,
May 22, 1863.
Hamlin W. e. Aug. 22, 1862, died June 13, 1863.
Hannah R. D. e. Aug. 6, '62, m. 0. May 27, '65, Corpl.
Hannah Thos. J. e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865,
as Corpl., wounded.
Hanks Buel F. e. Aug. 5, 1862.
Hakes H. C. e. Aug. 9, 1862.
Hudson H. e. Aug. 2, 1862.
Hogan Michael, July 28, 1862.
Horan Robt. e. Aug. 5, 1862.
lohnson S. A. e. Aug. 5, 1863.
Lincoln E. N. e. Aug. 14, 1863.
McCormick Jos. E. e. Aug. 9, 1862.

262

BOONE COUNTT WAB BECOBD.

pris.

Middleton Wm. e. Aug. 6, 1863.
Morton Jay H. e. Aug. 4, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17. 1865.
Norton Amos, e, July 26, 1863. m. o. Aug. 17, 1865
O'Neil Henry, e. Jr.ly 28. 62, m.o Aug.i7,*6s, was
Orcutt L. A. e. Aug. 9, 1862, disd. N^v. 3, 1864.
Peebles O C. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Pepper Samuel, e. Julv 28, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Pierce R. D. e. Aug, 8, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Pray C. J. e. Aug. 4, 1862, died at Memphis, June g,
1863, wounds.
Ramsey John. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. May 27, 1865.
Randall Geo. E. e. July 26. 1862, died at Brownsville,
Ark., Sept. 29, 1864.
Riley Henry, e. Aug. 8, 1862. m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Saxton Jay H. e. July 28, 1862, m. o. May 28, 1865.
Seibert Jacob, e. Aug. 5, 1862, wounded, absent at m.
o. of regt.
Smith John M. e. Aug. 6, '62, m. o. May 28. '65. Corpl.
Smith Wm. L, e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. May 38, 1865.
Snow Geo. W. e. July 30, 1862. m. o. May 38, 1865.
Stocking C. P. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. May 27, 1865.
Sugrhue P. F. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Thomas E. H. e. Aug. 6, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Weaver Daniel, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Williams Leslie, e. Aug. 9, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
RECRUITS.
Allen John, e. Sept. 12, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Ashlan Peter, e. Jan. 5, 1864, m. o. June 24, 1865, pris.
Bac n H. M. e. Sept. 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 16, 1865.
Conner lames, e. Dec. 22, 1863, trans, to V. R C.
Case Willis, e. Jan. 4, '64, trans, to Cn. M, 47th I. V. I.
Childs H. F. e. Jan. 4, 1864, disd- Jan. 24, 1865, acci
dental wounds.
Cohorn D. W. e. Dec.n/63, died Memphis,July2, '64.
Downs L. L. e. Dec.34, '64, trans, to Co.B, 47th I.V.I.
Doran Thos. died May 13, 1863.
Farnsworth Chas. disd. March 24, 1863, disab.
Hogan John M. e. Dec. 7, 1863, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865,
was prisoner.
Hough ta ling John W. e. Dec. 24, 1864, trans, to Co. B,
47th I. V. I.
Lucas Eber, e. Sept. 30, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Milks David, e. Jan. 5, '64, trans, to Co. B, 47th I.V.I.
Oaks Geo. A. e Sept. 12, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17, '65, wds.
Orcutt Josiah, e. Jan. 4, 1864, died at Jefferson Bar-
died at Vicksburg,
May 39, 1864.
Ray Wm. e. Jan. 5, 1864, died at Winnebago Co., 111.
Sweett S. W. e. Feb.29, ^64, trans, to Co.B, 47th I.V.I.
Stenner Jacob, e. Jan. 20/64, trans, to Co.B. 47th I.V.I.
Stafford Edgar, e. Sept.3o/64,trans.toCo.B,47th I.V.I.
Wolverton k. C. e.April 8/64,trans.toCo.B,47thl.V.I.
Wright James, e. Dec. 22, 1863, died at Memphis

racks, Mo., July 13, 1864.
Russell D. F. e. Jan. 29, 1864,

July 1, 1864.

Company H.

Wright Gibson, e. Sept. 2, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Company I.
Bates Amos M. e. Sept. 29, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Edson Chas. e. Sept. 14, 1864, detached at m.o. of regt.
Morris John, e. Oct. 3, 1864, disd. June 10, 1865.
Company K.
Captain Gabriel E. Cornell, com. Sept. 4, 1862. Killed
in battle. May 22, 1863.
Captain Almon Schellenger, com. First Lieutenant,
Sept. 4, 1862. Promoted Captain, May 22, 1863.
Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865.
First Lieutenant Alonzo Brooks, com. Second Lieuten
ant, Sept. 4, 1862. Promoted First Lieutenant,
May 22, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865.
Second Lieutenant Jno. D. Abbe, e. as First Sergeant,
Aug. 20, 1862. Promoted Second Lieutenant, May
22, 1863. Resigned Sept. 19, 1864.
Second Lieutenant Alfred l>. Cheney, e- as Sergeant,
Aug. 7, 1862. Promoted First Sergeant. Promoted
Second Lieutenant, Sept. 19, 1864. Mustered out
Aug. 17, 1865.
Sergt. Sewell Valentine, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. v. Aug. 17,
1865, as First Sergeant.
Sergt. Jos. W. Bowman, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died at Mem
phis, Feb. 7, 1863.

Sergt. John Van Antwerp, c. Aug. 13, 1863, m. o. Aug.
17, 1865, wounded.
Corpl. Henry B. Putnam, c. July 28, 1862, m. 0. Aug.
*7i 865, as private.
Corpl. F. Geng, e. Aug. t, 1862, m. o. Aug. 8, 1865, as
private.
Corpl. H. Morgan, e. Aug. 13, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17,1865,
as Sergt., wounded.
Corpl. Jos. P. Smith, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17,
1865, as Sergt.
Corpl. H. S. Vanyerhacker, e. Aug. 15, 1862, deserted
Feb. 14, 1862.
Corpl. Geo. W. Sawyer, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Lake
Providence, La,, May 3, 1863.
Corpl. L. K. Greene, e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Mem
phis, Aug. 25, 1863.
Corpl. Thomas Vincent, e. Aug, 5, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17,
1865, as private, reduced at his own request.
Musician Eli Burdick, e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. May 31, '65.
Musician Geo. E. Hanson, e. Aug. 22, 1862, m.o. June
3. 1865.
Wagoner P. H. Weldon, c. Aug. 7, 1862, m.u. Aug. 17,
1865, as private. PRIVATES.
Atkinson John H. e. July 28, '68, drowned Aug. 24/63.
Bowman Thos. H. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865,
as Corpl .
Butterfield H. S. e. July 24, 1862, died at LaGrange,
Tenn., Jan. 22. 1863.
Butler M, e. July 28, 1862, disd. June 5, 1865, wds.
Baker Wm, T. e. Aug. 7, 1862, kid. at Vicksburg, May
22, 1863.
Barnes H. e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd. May 27, 1865.
Burroughs John, e. Aug. n, 1862, Corpl., absent sick at
j. m. o. of regt.
Bruce C. e. Aug 9. '62, absent, wounded, at m. o. regt,
Coleman JohnN. e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17,1865.
Cornwell G. J. e. Aug. 13, '62, Sergt., kid. Apl. 22, '64.
Chappie Wm. H. e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. June 6, 1865,
as Corpl.
Dymond Jas. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 1, '65, wnd'd.
Dymond Stephen, e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, '65,
as Corpl.
Dullam John D. e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Emmans Richard, e. Aug. 14, 1862, died in Tenn., Jan,
12, 1863.
Ellsworth Geo. O. e. Aug. n, 1862, wounded, trans, to
2d Miss. Heavy Art., Jan. 27, 1864.
Ellis James, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Fross Chas. W. e. Aug. 5, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Gibbs Wm. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865, wnd'd.
Hill Samuel H. e. Aug. 15, 1862, disd. April 3, 1865,
as Corpl.
Hutchins Willard, e. Aug. n, 1862. disd. March 10, '63.
Hill Alpheus, e. Aug. 9, 1862, died Aug. 30, 1863.
Hutchins Wm. e. Aug. it, '62, m.o. Aug. 17, '65, wnd'd.
Hill Henry, e. Aug. 9, 1862. m. o. June 21, 1865.
Kirk Chas. e. Aug. 13, 1862, m. 0. Aug. 17, 1865.
Knox A. T. e. Aug. 7, 1862, kid. at Vicksburg, June
24, 1863.
Labome Fred, e. Aug. 13, 1862, deserted Feb. 14, 1863.
Lewis Geo. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 24, 1865, was
prisoner, wounded.
Lilley J. R. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865, Sergt.
Lightfoot N. e. Aug. 7, 1862. died Jan. 27, 1863-
Landon James, e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Mclntire Jarvis, e. Aug. 7, 1862, died March 25, 1863.
North H. W. e. Aug. 22, 1862, disd. May 27, 1865.
Outkelt Sam'l, e. Aug. 14, 1865, died at home, Sept.
6, 1863.
Oleson Thos. e. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Ostram Jacob, e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Memphis, Feb.
7, 1863.
Oleson Andrew, t. Aug. 8, 1862, m. o. May 30, 1865.
Oleson Nelson, e. Aug. 8, 1862, disd. April 6/63. disab.
Perkins Anson, e. Aug. n, 1862, kid. at Clanterville,
April 24, 1864.
Pickard David, e, Aug. 7, 1862, m. o, July 22, 1865,
was prisoner.
Robinson Robt. e. Aug. 5, '62, disd. Mch. 2i/63,disab.
Richman Robt. e. Aug. 9, '62. deserted May 24, 1863.
Rodewalt W. J. e. Aug. 21, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Rata Artemas, e Aug. n, 1862, disd. for disab.
Reser H. M. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Renne Jay, e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Reed Wm. e. Aug. 22, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Scougal Jas. B. e. Aug. 5. '62, disd. Feb. 11, '65, disab.
Sewell Jos. e. Aug. 13, 1862, m.o. Aug. 17, 1865.

BOONE COUNTY WAB BECOBD.

263

Story R. G. e. Aug. 5, 1862, died Nashville, Tenn.,
Dec. 30, 1864.
Smith Jos. N. e. Aug. 15, 1862, Corpl., kid. Vicksburg,
May 22, 1863.
Stall Hans, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, '6=, Corpl.
Sitsyer John H. e. Aiip. 15, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Scoug<tl L. e Aug. 13, 1862, m. o. Aug, 17, '65, Co-pl.
Streeter Ge>. W. e. Aug. 7, 1863, m. o. Aug. 17. 1865.
Sherman Sam'l D. e. Aug. 9, 1865, disd. Jan. 26, 1864,
disab.
Smith Rufus, e. Aug. 11, 1862, m. o. Aug. 17. 1865.
Spencer S. W. e. Aug. 9, 1862. died at Vicksburg, July
17, 1863.
Steele H. W. e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd. Mch. 21/63, disab..
Stockwell Abram, e. Aug. n, 1862, trans, to V. R. C„
Sept. is, 1863.
Stockwell Wm. H. c. Aug. n, 1862, disd. May 25,
1865, as Corpl.
Stockwell Geo. W. e.Aug. n. '62, m.o. Aug.17/65, wds.
Sherman Chas. E. e. Aug. 22/62, disd. May 27,'6s,wds.
Shackle Thos. e. Aug. 7, 18^2, m. n. June 20, 1865.
Smith Ira, e. Aug. 11. 1862, m. o. May 18, 1865.
Vandewacher. Geo. e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Natchez,
Miss.. Sept. 3, 1863.
Vincent Jas. e. Aug. 5, 1862, died at Vicksburg, Dec.
21, 1863.
Vickers Jas. P. e. Aug. 9, 1862, died at Nebraska, La.,
Feb 3, 1863.
Vickers Jas. e. Aug. it. 1863. m. o. July 8, 1865.
Warren Cyrus L. e. Aug. 15, 1862, died at Vicksburg,
March n, 1864.
Wakefield Abner, e. Aug. 11, 1863, m. 0. Aug. 17, 1865.
Wilson Theo. e. Aug. 15, 1862, trans, to V. R. C,
Sept. 15, 1863.
Webster L. H. E. «. Aug. 21, 1862, disd. April 5, 1865.
Wrighr G. C. e. Aug. 7, '62, m. o. Aug. 17, '65, Corpl.
Willey Duane. e. Aug. 5, 1863, died at Memphis,
Tenn.. Feb. n, 1863.
Wakefield L. e. Aug. 7, 1862. m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
Wakefield S. e. Aug. 7, 1862, disd. at St. Louis, wds.
RECRUITS.
Blake Robt. e. Sept. 15, 1864, disd. May 23, 1865.
Booth Wm. H. e. Oct. 5, 1864. trans, to Co. F, 47th
I.V.I.
Burdick Wm. A. e. Nov. 30. 1863, m. o. May 19, 1865.
Ball Thos. e. Sept. 28, 1864, died Mch. 25, 1865.
Brown S. H. e. Dec. 22, 1863, died at Cairo, 111., Oct.
38, 1864.
Bowman Sam'l P. e. Sept. 15. 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, '65.
Desmore John, e. Oct, 5, 1864, trans, to Co. F, 47th
I. V. I.
Elsworth Eugene, c. Jan. 18, 1864, trans to V. R. C,
Dec. 25, 1864.
Hovey R. E. e. Oct. 5, 1864, m. o. May 17, 1865.
loslin J. N. B. e. Oct.3/64, trans, to Co. F, 471I1 1.V.I.
Klumph A. e. Dec. 30, 1863. m. o. June 7, 1865.
Lowell E. E. e. Sept. 1, 1864, m. o. Aug. 17, 1865.
LaFever Robt. e.Dec.20/63, trans, to Co.F,47th I.V.I.
Livingston John R. e. Oct. 3, 1864, trans, to Co. F,
47th I. V I.
Lumley John W. e. Oct. 3, 1864, died at Vicksburg.
Mansfield John T. e. March 31, 1864, trans, to Co. F,
47th I. V. I.
McCarty Jno. e- Jan. 5, '64, trans. Co. K, 47th I. V. I.
Miller O. O. e. Dec. 9, 1863, m o. May 22, 1865.
Peck A. S. e. Jan. 4, 1864, trans. Co. F, 47th I. V. I.
Rodaw<tlt S. e. Sept. 3, 1864, m. 0. Aug. 17 1865.
Reed Jas. e. Oct. 3, 1864. trans, to Co. F, 47th I. V. Il
Streeter H. A. e. Sept. 3, 1864, m. 0. Aug. 17, 1865-
Shannon Geo. e. Feb. 29. '64, trans. Co. K, 47th I. V. I.
Smith Jas. P.e. Dec. 9, 63, trans, to Co. F, 47th I. V.I.
Salesbury O. A. e. Jan. 4, 64 trans. Co. F, 47th I. V. I.
Slater E> M. e. Dec. 22, 1863, died at Simsport, La.,
May 20, 1864.
Vanderwarker H. e. Dec. 24, '63, Vet. Recruit, m. o.
May 16, 1865.
Vandyke M. e. Dec. 9. 1863, died June 5, 1865.
Watts Wm. e. Oct. 3, '64. trans, to Co. F, 47th I. V. I.
Webster A. L. e. Oct. 3, '64, trans. Co. F, 47th I. V. I.
Wakefield D. Dec. 4, '63, disd. June 10, 1865.
UNASSIGNED, RECRUITS.
Beauchamp A. G. e. Aug. 29. 1864, Sub,
Blodgett Newman, e. Sept. 1, 1864.
Higg ns Philip, e. Sept. 28, 1864.
H annum B. e. Sept. 12, 1864.
Johnson Thos. e. Dec. 31, x86g.

Sailer Smith, e. Dec. 31. 1863.
Tyler Sam'l H. e. Dec. 28, 1863, rejected, disd.
105th Infantry.
Company G.
First Lieutenant Samuel H. Williamson, e. Aug. 7,
18^2. Promoted First Sergeant, then First Lieu
tenant, July 17, 1864. Mustered out Jime 7, 1865.
Corpl. Jas. R. .Williamson, e. Aug. 12, 1862, m. 0. June
7, 1865, as Sergt., wds.
PRIVATES.
Burbig Theo. e. Aug. 15, 1862, m. o. June 7. 1865. wds.
McKee A. K. e. Aug. 12, 1862, died at Gallatin, Tenn.,
, Dec. 18, 1862.
Tanlin O. H. e. Aug. 10, 1862, m. o. June 7, 1865, wds.
Williamson Thns. E. e. Aug. 7, 1862, m. o. June 7, '65,
as Scgt., wds.
H aller Gabriel, e. Sept. 29, 1864, m. o. June 7, 1865.
134th (100 days) Infantry.
Company G.
Second Lieutenant Jas;. H. Roe, com. May 31, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 25 1864.
Corpl. Robt. Atkinson, c. May 13/64, m.o. Oct. 35/64.
PRIVATES.
Gaylord H. M, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 25, 1864.
Hays Henry, e. May 13, 1864, m. o. Oct. 35. 1864.
Waterman H. B. e. May 6, 1864, m.o. Oct. 35, 1864.
Sketch of 142d Infantry.
The One Hundred and Forty-second Infantry Illi
nois Volunteers was organized at Freeport. Illinois, by
Col. Rollin V. Ankney, as a Battalion of eight compa
nies, and ordered to Camp Butler, Illinois, where two
companies were added, and the Regiment mustered,
June 18. 1864. for 100 days.
On\3ist of June, the Regiment moved for Memphis,
via Cairo and Mississippi river, and arrived on the 34th.
On 26th, moved to White's Station, n miles from Mem
phis, on the Memphis and Charleston railroad, where
it was assigned to guarding railroad.
Mustered out of the United States' service, Oct. 27,
1864, at Chicago, III.
142d (100 days) Infantry.
Company C.
Captain James M. Humphrey, com. June 18, 1864.
Mustered out Oct. 27, 1864.
Second Lieutenant Luther C. Lawrence, com. June 18,
1864. Mustered out Oct. 27, 1864.
First Sergt. Nathan H. Wooster, e. April 30, 1864, m.
o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Sergt. H. L. Bennett, e. May 17, 1864, m. u. Oct. 26,
1864 ;'s Ist Sergt.
Sergt. Jos. B. Dustin.e. May 3, 1864, died at White
Station, Tenn., Aug. 4, 1864.
Sergt. Orville E. Dean, e. May 10/64, m* °- Oct. 26,'64.
Corpl L. L. Shattuck, e. May 11, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26,
1864, >s Sergt.
Corpl. Rollin C. Park, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Corpl. R. Smiley, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Musician Chas. Coleman, e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Oct.
26, 1864. PRIVATES.
Anson John W. e. May 28, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Avers Geo. e. May 6, 1864, m. 0. Oct. 26, 1864.
Hurdick H. S. e. April v>. 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Brockway Chas. O. e. May 16. 1861, m. o. Oct. 26, '64.
Ballard Edward, e. May 11, 1864. m.o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Burch Chas. W. e. June 1, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Briggs Chas. F. e. June 1, 1864. m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Curtis Samuel, e. May 20, 1864, died Oct. 12, 1864.
Cole John, e. May 3, 1864, m. 0. Oct. 26, 1864.
Chambers Wm. H. e. May 17. 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.

264

BOONE COUNTY WAB BECOKD.

Crocker D. e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Coleman Chas. e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Conley H. N. e. May 19, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1:64.
Cumpston Wm. H. e. May 14. 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Durthick D. e. May 14, 1864, m. 0. Oct. 26, 1864.
Dawson Wm. M. e. May 12, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Day Hiram, e. May T4, 1864, m. o. Oct. c6, 1864.
Day S. e. May 18, 1864. m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Farnsworth D. e. May 7, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, ,'64, Corpl.
Foster S. P. e. June 1, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Gorham F. e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Hyde Newton, e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Hathaway L. D. e. May 5, 1862, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Hedglin E. e. May 27, 1864, m. 0. Oct. 26, 1864.
Haynie W. S. e. May 1, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26. 1864.
Loper John H. e. May 9, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Leonard E. e. May 25, 1864, m. o. Oct'. 26, 1864. "
Landon Samuel, e. May 15, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864!
Moore O. e. May 17, 1864. m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Markle Geo. B. e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
McBurney S. e. June 1, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
McCallom E. W. e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864,
as Corpl.
Nash Chas. H. e. May 9, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26. 1864.
Osmanson A. e. May 5, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Patrick Geo. e. May 15, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Robbin W. D. e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Rebid u Theo. e. May 2, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Ray Geo. e. May 7, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Rayner Chas. e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Rosencrans John, e. May 9, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Richardson Geo. e. May 21. 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Rice Luther, e. May 21, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Simpson John H. e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Stott John, Jr., e. May 9, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Squires Abram, e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Sergeant Dexter, e. May 16, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Shannon M. e. May 14, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Smith Wm. e. May 1, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Tuttle Wm. H. e. April 30, 1865, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Taylor N. Y. e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Trowbridge H. H. e. May 6, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Wilcox Andrew, e. May 1, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Witter L. B. e. May 20, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, 1864.
Woodward Earl M. e. May 18, 1864, m. o. Oct. 26, '64.
Wares Moses B. e. May 10, 1864, died at Benton Bar
racks, Oct. 10, 1864.
Wicks Wesley M. e. May 12, 1864, died at White Sta
tion, Tenn., Aug. 18, 1864.
Sketch of 153d Infantry.
The One Hundred and Fifty-third Infantry Illinois
Volunteers was organized at Camp Fry, Illinois, by Col.
Stephen Bronson, and was mustered in Feb. 27, 1865,
for one year. On March 4th, moved, by rail, via Lou
isville and Nashville, to TuUahoma, reporting to Major
General Millroy. The Regiment was assigned to the
Secor.d Brigade, Defenses of Nashville and Chatta
nooga Railroad, Bievet Brigadier General Dudley com
manding Brigade. In the latter part of March, Major
Wilson with three companies, went on a campaign into
Alabama and returned. On July ist, moved, via
Nashville and Louisville to Memphis, Tenn., and was
assigned to the command of Brevet Major General A.
L. Chetlain. Was mustered out Sept. 15, 1865, and
moved to Springfield III., and September 24th, received
final pay and discharge. _
Colonel Bronson received appointment as Brevet
Brigadier General.
153d Infantry (One Year).
Company A. <-
Captain Giles D. Walker, com. Feb. 27, 1865. Mus.
tered out-Sept. 21, 1865.
First Lieutenant Jno. Steele, com. Feb. 27, 1865. Mus
tered out Sept. 21, 1865.
Second Lieutenant Luther C. Lawrence, com. Feb. 27,
1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865.
Sergeant Major Geo. W. Turner, e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 21, 1865.
First Sergeant Franklin J. Zuck, c. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o.
Sept. 21. 1865.
Sergeant Robert Porter, e. Feb. 2, '65, m.o. June 24/65.
Sergeant Geo. W. Turner, e. Feb. 7, 1865, promoted
Sergeant Major.

Corpl. A. H. Woods, e. Feb. 1, 1865, m. o. Sept. 31,
1865, as private.
Corpl. F. D. Crane, e. Feb. 1, 1865, m. u. Sept. 21, '65,
as private.
Corpl. D. C. Crane, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, '65.
Corpl. R. M. Barmore, e. Feb. 10, 65, m.o. Sept. 21/65.
Corpl M. P. Gilmore, e. Feb 6, '65, m.o. Sept. 21, '65.
Musician Jos. Latimer, e. Feb. 6, '6s. m.o. Sept. 21/65.
Wagoner Thomas A. Wheelon, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. 0.
Aug. 17, 1865. PRIVATES.
Allen Almerson, e. Feb. 8. 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Buck John, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. July 22, 1865.
Billings D. W. e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Barney Wm. Z. e. Feb. 7, 1865, died at Camp Fry, III.,
March 18, 1865.
Bruce Wm. H. e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Baizley James, e. Feb 2, 1865, m. o. Sepc. 21, 1865.
Corey Simeon, e. Feb. 6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, i86i.
Chamberlain T. e. Feb. 2. 1865, m o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Doyle Henry, e. Feb. 6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Dammon Alonzo, e. Feb. 12, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Gore F. A. e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Harmon M. W. e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. July 31, 1865.
Hall Edw. L. e. Feb. 16. 1865, m. o. June ig, 1865.
Hepenstall James, e. Feb. 2, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Knox O. O. e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Little Philip, e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, '865.
Myers C. F. e. Feb. 2. 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, '65, Corpl.
Morey M. e. Feb. 6, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Nash Chas. H. e. Feb. 7, 1865, m. o. May 25. 1865.
Osmer E. B. e. Feb. 16, '65, m. o. Sept. 21, '65. Corpl.
Richard A. W. e. Feb. 1, 1865, 11.. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Smith D. M. e. Feb. 6, 1865, m. o. Aug. 26, 1865.
Shannon E. e. Feb. 15, 1865. m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Simons Perry, e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 4, 1865.
Tounge E. E. e. Feb. 20, 1865. m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Tinker J. H. e. Feb. 1, 186s, m.o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Waddell Thos. e. Feb. 6, 1865, m. o Sept. 21, 1865.
Company B.
Captain Jas- A. Landon, com. First. Lieutenant Feb.
27, 1865. Promoted Captain June 6, 1865. Mus
tered out Sept. 21, 1865
Second Lieutenaut H. D. Brown, e. as First Sergeant
Feb. 3, 1865. Promoted Second Lieutenant June
6, 1865. Mustered out July 15, 1865.
Sergt. Andrew Blake, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. »». Aug. 18,
i86<;, as private.
Sergt. Geo. Woodruff, e. Feb. 11, '6s, m. o. June 5, '65.
Sergt. John Scott or Stott, e. Feb. 12/65, m.o. Sept. 21, '65.
Sergt. Warren Geming, e.Feb. n/65, m.o. Sept. 21/65.
Corpl. John S. Ford, e. Feb. 11, 1865, Sergt., absent at
m. o. with leave.
Corpl. Warren Russell. e.Peb. 11/65, deserted Jul 7/65.
Corpl. Iziah Hill, e. Feb. 11/65, m-0- Sept.21, 65, Sergt.
Corpl. Harrison Bailey, e. Feb. 12/65, m.o. Sept.21, 65.
Corpl John Cummings, e. Feb. 12, 1865, absent with
out le:<.ve at m. o.
Corpl. Geo W.Degraw, e.Feb. 11, '65, disd. June 19/65.
Wagoner Hiram Reed, e. Feb. 13/65, died March 14/65.
PRIVATES.
Backes Mickle,_ e. Feb. 14, 1865, died at Nashville,
Tenn., April 22, 1865.
Butts H. W. e. Feb. 13, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Benett Allen, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m.o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Buchanan vVm. M. e. Feb. 12, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21/65.
Bens<>n B. L. e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Carpenter John, e. Feb. 12/65, m.o. Sept. 21/65. Corpl.
Camp Chester, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o. July 21, 1865.
Day Hiram, e. Feb. 13, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, -1865.
Hank E. S. e. Feb. 11, 1865. m. o. July 25, 1865.
Hogan Frank, e. Sept. 13, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Hammond H. S. e. Sept. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865,
as Corpl.
Hovey Thearon, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m.o. Sept- 21, 1865-
Happerstead H. G. e. Feb. 11, 1865, m.o. Sept. 21/65.
Hye or Hyde N. e. Feb. n, 1865, m. o. Sept 21, 1865.
Hill Simon P. e. Feb. n, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Harmonson Ole, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Johnson C. E. e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
J-rome F. H. e. Feb. 14, 1865, m. 0. Sept. 21, 1865.
Landon Sam'l, e. Feb. 11, '65, m.o. Sept. 21, '65, Corpl.
Lower Richard, e. Feb. 11, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Linderman A. S. e. Feb. 11, 1865, died at Nashville,
Tenn., April 1, 1865.

BOONE COUNTY WAK EECORD.

265

McClure Jas. e. Feb. n, 1865. m.o. Sept. 2i.'6s, Corpl.
Markle Geo. B. e. Feb. 16, 1865, Corpl., absent without
leave at m. 0.
Oleson John e. Feb. n, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Orvis M. M. e. Feb. 12, 1865, m. o. Sept. 2r, 1865.
Reed Seymour E. e. Feb. 13, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21.1865.
Robins W. D. e. Feb. n, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Scott S^im'l F. e. Feb. 12, 1865, abeent at m. o.
Stine H. O. e. Feb. 12, r86s, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Scott Jas. e. Feb. 12, 1861, absent at m. o.
Simpson John H. e. Feb. n, 1865. m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Thompson Conrad, e. Feb. n, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, '65-.
Warner T. V. e. Feb. 16, 1865, m. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
Ward A. e. Feb. n, 1865, 111. o. Sept. 21, 1865.
156th (one year) Infantry.
Company F.
Hummel Jno. e. Feb. 28, 1865, m. o. Sept. 20, 1865.
Rodgers Henry, e. Feb. 17, 1865, m. o. Sept. 20, 1865.
Waters John T. e. Feb. 27, 1865, m. o. Sept. 20, 1865.
Company K.
Meyers Ltsler, e. Feb, 14, 1865, deserted July 12, 1865.
Williams John, e. Feb. 21, 1865, deserted March 15, '65.
Sketch of 9th Cavalry.
The Ninth Cavalry Regiment was organized at Chi
cago, 111., in Nov,, 1861, by Col. A. G. Brackett, and
was mustered in Nov. 30th. On Feb.* 17, 1862, moved
to Benton Barracks, Mo., and thence to Pilot Knob.
On 27th, marched to Reeves' Station, on Big Black,
and was assigned, by Brig. Gen. F. Steele, to Third
Brigade. On May 23d, Steele's Division joined Gen.
Curtis' army, at Jacksonport,1 Ark. In a skirmish at
Waddell's Plantation, June 12th, lost 12 wounded and
1 missing, and at Stewart's Plantation, on June 27th,
lost 2 killed and 35 wounded. Among the latter were
Col. Brackett, Adjt. Blackburn, and Capt. Knight.
June 26th, commenced the march to Helena. During
this march, five men died from hardships — water and
rations being almost impossible to obtain. At Helena,
the Ninth Cavalry was assigned to Third Brigade, Col.
Cyrus Bussey ; Fourth Division, Brig. Gen. A. P.
Hovey ; Gen. Steele's army ; District of Eastern Ar
kansas. On Sept. 15th, two 12 pdr. mountain howitzers
were assigned to the regiment, and were commanded by
Lieut. E.G. Butler, with a detail from the regiment.
On Nov. 7th. at Lagrange, Lieut. Butler repulsed a
charge of two reeimentsof Texan Rangers, killing over
fifty of the enemy. Its loss was 20 killed and wounded.
The regiment went on an expedition under Gen. Wash
burn, and was engaged, N.ov. 6th, at Okolona, Miss.,
and near CorTeyville, Nov. 7th. Jan. 0,1863, marched,
with Gen. Gorman, to Duvall's Bluff, and returned.
On April 7th, moved to Memphis, and on 12th, moved
to Germantown, Tenn.
( Was assigned to Brigade of Col. McCrillis, of Third
Illinois Cavalry, and to the Sixteenth Corps. Engaged
at Coldwater, Miss., July 28th, and at Granada, Aug.
18th, and moved to Lagrange, Tenn., Aug. 26th.
Made an attack on the enemy at Sal-m, Miss., Oct.
8th, and drove him from his position. Met the enemy
at Wyatt, Miss, Oct. 13th, and, after fighting all day,
the enemy fell back and retreated in the night. Nov.
8th, moved from Lagrange to Corinth, and soon after re
turned. Marched to Collierville, and was assigned to
Second Brigade, Cavalry Division, Sixteenth Army
Corps. Was engaged with the enemy Dec. 3, 1863. at
Saulsbury, Tenn., and on the 4th, the Division, under
command of Brig. Gen. B. H. Grierson, was engaged
at Moscow, Tenn. In this battle, the Ninth Cavalry
took a conspicuous and honorable part. On Feb. 11,
1864, marched, with the expeditions of Brig. Gen. B H.
Grierson, and Gen. *W. S. Smith, imo Mississippi. Met
and defeated the enemy at West Point, Feb. 20th.
Was engaged at Okolona, Feb 21st, and at Mount Ivy,
Miss , on the 23d, and cmped at Germantown, on 24th.
On March 16th, the regiment was musiered as a veteran
organiz.it i n. and on the 17th, marched to Memphis.
Moved to Illinois for veteran furlough. April 27th, re
turned to Memphis.
A detachment of the regiment was with Gen. Stur
gis, on the expedition to Guntown, Miss., and was rear
guard for the disorganized command on tbe retreat.

losing 5 killed, 23 wounded, and 12 prisoners, out of 160
men. July 7th, marched, with Generals A. J. Smith
and Grierson, to Tupelo. Had a severe engagement at
Pontatoc, driving the enemy, and was engaged in the
two-days battle, July 14th and 15th, at Tupelo and
Old Town Creek. On Aug. 3d, moved, via Ho'ly
Springs, to Abbeville, Miss., where it skirmished with
the enemy. On the nth, skirmished at Oxford. Had
an engagement at Hurricane Creek, Miss., Aug. 13th,
losing 4 killed and several wounded. Returned to
camp, near Memphis, Sept. 4th. On Sept. 30, 1864.
moved eastward, Capt. Blackburn co , manding regi
ment. Crossed Tennessee river at C ifton. Moved,
via Waynesboro, Lawrenceburg. Florence. Alabama,
Waterloo, Hamburg and Savannah, to Clifton. The
command moved again to Florence, and met Hood's
advancing army.
Gen. Hatch s Division did hard fighting at Shoal
Creek. On Nov. 10th, crossed the river and attacked
the enemv — the Ninth Cavalry in advance. Two
divisions of the enemy advancing, compelled it to re-
cross the river. One Battalion of the regiment becom
ing detached, passed through the rebel line, and was
compelled to remain in the enemy's rear until night,
when it re-crossed. The command skirmished with
the enemy's advance every day. At Campbellville,
Nov. 24th, the regiment was very hotly engaged, Dut
stood their ground, holding back many times their num
ber, until their ammunition was entirely exhausted,
when they fought h.ind to hand,clubbing their carbines.
Took a prominent part in the battle of Franklin, Tenn.,
and the two-days' fight, Dec. 15th and 16th, at Nash
ville. Engaged in the pursuit of Hood, to Tennessee
river, skirmishing at Brentwood, Franklin Pike, near
Franklin, Rutherford's Creek, and at Ross' farm.
The command moved to Huntsville, Florence, East
port and Gravelly Springs. On Feb. 9, 1865, moved to
Eastport. On June 22d, to Iuka, Miss. July 4th,
moved to Decatur, Ala., and thence to Montgon ery,
Selma, and finally to Gainesville, Ala., arriving Aug.
20th, Mustered out at Selma, Ala., Oct. 31, 1865, and
ordered to Springfield, 111., where it received final pay
ment and discharge.
9th Cavalry.
Colonel Jos. W. Harper, com. Second Lieutenant Co.
I, Oct. 23, 1861. Promoted First Lieutenant Nov.
17, 1861. Promoted Captain Oct. 3, 1862. Pro
moted Lieutenant Colonel Dec. 4, 1864. Promoted
Colonel Dec. 5, 1S64. Mustered out Oct. 3T. 1865.
Major Leander L. Shattuck, e. as First Sergeant Co. I,
Sept. 12, 1861. Promoted Second Lieutenant N. v.
17, 1861. Promoted Fir-t Lieutenant Oct. 3, 1862.
Promoted Captain Dec. 14, 1864. Promoted Major
May 10, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 31, 1865.
Company 1.
Captain Harvey M. Jenner, e. as Corporal Sept. 12,
1861. Promoted First Lieutenant Dec. 4. 1864.
Promoted Captain May 10, 1865. Mustered out
Oct. 31, 1865.
Second Lieutenant Frederick P. Robinson, e. as private.
Promoted First Sergeant, then Second Lieutenant,
May 10, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 31, 1865.
Sergt. Plummer F. Robinson, e. Sept. 12, 1861, disd.
Nov. 17, 1862.
Sergt. Wm. N. Tyler, e. Sept i2,'6i, disd. Sept. 2o,'62.
Corpl. Milton Orton, e. Sept. 12, 1861, m.o. JOCU31, '64,
as private. *
Corpl. L. L. Shattuck, e, Sept. 12, 1861, disd. Oct. 23,
1862, as Sergt.
Corpl. J[. E. Hubbell, e. Sept. 12, 1861, re-enlisted as
Vet. m. o. Oct. 31, 1865, as ist Sergt.
Bugler Dan. R. Bemer,e.Oct. 9, '61, rejected Jan.19,'62.
Bugler E. P. Lander, e. Sept. 12, 1861, disd. Dec. 9/62.
PRIVATES.
Albright Delos, e. Sept 12, *6i, Corpl., died Oct. 1/62.
Atkinson Eli, e. Sept. 12, 1861, die <i" Aug. 17, 1862.
Cates J. H. e. Sept. 20, 1861, disd. Aug. 28, 1862.
DeWolf Putnam, e. Sept. 28, 61, disd. Sept. 19, '62, as
Farrier.
Fox J. C. e. Sept. 12, 1861, re-enlisted as Vet. Sergt.,
deseited Sept. 29. 1863.
Furgeson Robt. e. Sept. 16, 1861, disd. Dec. 9, 1864.
Gilbert David D. e. Sept. 12, 1861, rejected Jan. 24,'6a.

266

BOONE COUNTY WAB RECOKD.

Geaves Theo. W. e. Sept. 12, 1861.
Hawes Jes-e, e. Sept. 12, '6i, prl'd pris., m.o. July 22/65.
Hawes Byron, e. Sept. 23, 1861, trans, to 169th, Co. I,
Battalion V. R. C. April 29, 1864.
Kator Chas. e. Oct. 3, 1861.
Kitor Simon, e. Oc. 9, 1861.
King L. e. Oct. 8 1861. disd. Sept. 29, 1861.
Lenderman Alonzo, e. Oct. 1, 1861, disd. Oct. 30, 1862.
Locke Chas. L. e. Oct. g, 1861. dixi. May 29, 1862.
Ludden C. F. e. Oct. 23, '61, re-en isted as Vet., prm't.
Com. Sergt., died Uec 22, 1864, wds.
Montgomery Win e. Sept. 12, 1861, re-enlisted as Vet.
deserted Sept. 1, 1865.
Morgan Sam'l I. e. Sept. 12, 1861, re-enlisted as Vet.,
. m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Morse Newrl,e.Sepc 14/61, died at St. Louts, Oct. 26/62.
Marshall John, e. Oct. 1, 1S61.
Robinson F. e Sept. 12, 1861, died at Helena, Ark.,
Sept. 1, 1862.
Rockwood Samuel, e. Sept. 12, .1861.
Rosekrans Jas. O. e. Oct. 9, 1861, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864.
Rosekrans Jacob D. e. Oct. 16, '61, disd. Oct. 11, 1862.
Storm S. S. e. Sept. 12, 1861, died at Reeves Station,
Mo., April 2, 1862.
Strong H. e. Oct. 23, 1861.
Thorn |W. S. e. Sept. 17, 1861, disd. Sept. 19, 1862.
Tyler Sam'l H. e. Sepi. 17, 1861, rejected Nov. 28. '61.
Thomas J. M. e. Sept. 17, 1861, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864.
Turner O. A. e. Oct. 15, 1861, disd. Nov. 24, 1861.
Tibbiis J. W. e. Oct. 16, 1861, m. o. Oct. 31, 1864.
Vite Barnett, e. Sept. 12, 1861, died at Helena, Ark.,
Sept. 18. 1862.
Williams Gilbert, e. Sept. 12, 1861.
Wixon Smith, e. Sept. 16, 1861, disd. Dec. 9, 1864.
Walsh John, e. Sept. 14, 1861, died at Helena, Ark.,
Sept. 27, 1862.
Woodward J. N. e. Oct. 9, 1861.
VETERANS.
Saddler Win. J. Teas. PRIVATES.
Curtis Michael, e. Jan. 1, '64, m. o. Oct. 31, '65, Sergt.
McDide Alfred, e. Jan. 1, 1864, died about July 1, '65,
in rebel prison.
Strong Miles H. e. Jan. 1, '64, m.o. Oct.31,'65, Sergt.
Young Edw. R. e. Jan. 1, '64, deserted Sept. 29, 1865.
RECRUITS.
Austin Clark C. e. Jan. 4, 1864, m.o. Oct. 31/65, Corpl.
Austin H. W. e. Oct. 3. 1864, m. o. Oct. 13, 1865.
Adams S. L. e. Oct. 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 13, 1865.
Ayres Benj. F. e. Sept. 29, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865.
Brestol L. F. e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. Oct 31, 1865.
Baxter John S. e. Feb. 4, 1864, m. o. Jul\' 25, 1865.
Baily Austin B. e. Oct. 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 13, 1865.
Brown Caleb N. e. Oct. 3, 1864, died March 19, *65.;
Butcher Isaac T. e. March 3, 1865, died at Cairo, 111.,
March 24, 1865.
Branch Edwin H. e. F b. 9, 1864, kid. at Pontotoc,
Miss., July 12, 1863.
Curtis M. e. Nov. 25, 1861, re-enlisted as veteran.
Comstock James A. e. Noy. 25, 1861.
Cline Jas. e. Jan. 16, 1861, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Curtis Geo. e. Feb. 8, 1864, died at Louisville, Ky.,
Jan. 10, 1865, wds.
Ellis John O. e. Jan. 2, 1864, promt. Sergt. Maj.
Fox Geo. e. Jan. 16, 1865, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Fox W. J. e. Sept. 28, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865.
Hedgdin Jnhn D. e. Dec- 28. 1863, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Hare Martin, e. Sept. 29, 1864, m. o. June 15, 1865.
Jacobs J. A. e. Nov. 25, 1861, disd. Aug. 24, '62, disab.
Jackson Wm. F e. March 3, '65, deserted Sept. 29,,'6s.
Keefe John, e, Jan. 8, 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865, Corpl.
Little E. B. e. Jan. 5. 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865, Corpl.
Lazag Geo. e. Jan. 2, '64, m. o. Oct. 31, '65, as Bugler.
Lowe E. S. e. Jan. 10, 1864. deserted Sept. 29, 1865.
Longfield H. R. E. e. Mch. 8, '64, deserted Sept. 29, '65.
Mordoff F. M. e. Nov. 25, 1861, died at Cairo, 111., Oct.
20, 1862.
Marver Alexander, e. Feb. 11, 1864, died at Nashville,
Tenn., Jan. 29, 1865.
Miner Geo. e. Sept. 29, 1864, died at Jeffersonville. Ind.,
April 5. 1865.
Maloy Stephen, e. April 1, 1864, kid. at Campbellville,
Tenn., Nov. 24, 1864.
Olney Jacob B. e. Feb. 9, '64,01. v. Oct, 31/65, Corpl.

Peters Robt. e. Nov. 8, 1861, kid. Nov. 24, 1864.
Pnndeville Thos. e- April 1, 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865,
as Corpl.
Rarid.m John R. e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Raymond A. e. Feb. 9, 1864, died at belvidere. III.,
April 24, 1864.
Shattuck Geo. M. e. Jan. 3. 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Shep.rd R. D. e. Jan. 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Simkins Geo. e. Feb. 15. 1864, in o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Shafer Frank, e. Jan 30, '64, di^d Memphis, Aug.i,^.
Shattuck M. A. e. Jan 12, 1864, descried Sept. 29, '65.
Tiffany L. e. Feb. 4, 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, '65, as Sergt.
Turn r Wm. E. e. March 28/64, m.o.' '01.31/65, Corpl.
Tibbetts Chas. e. Jan. 2.. 1S64, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865.
Tracy F. L. e. Jan. 25, 1864, m. 0. Oct. 31, 1865, ab
sent, Mck.
Turner O. A. e. Mar. h 16, 1864, died at Nashville,
Tenn., Dec. 25, 1864.
Vandyke A. B. e. Jan. 4, 1864, m. o. Oct. 31, 1865, as
Co. Q. M. Sergt.
Wild Roby M. e. April 1, 1864, disd. July 25. 1864.
Whitney Saml. D. e. Oct. 3, 1864, m. o. Oct. 13, 1865.
Wilson Robt. e. Jan. 5, 1864, du>d. April 18, '65, disab.
UNASSIGNED RECRUITS.
Appleton Ho'ace, e. Jan. 18, 1864.
Barker lohn W. e. March 4, 1864.
Brady Wm. e. Jan. 23. 1864, deserted Feb. 1, 1864.
Bevin* Jncob D. e. Feb. 14, 1864.
Cody Chas. e. Jan. 24, 1865.
Dickenson J. e. Feb. 4, 1864, rejected.
Granger Henry, e. Jan. 23, 1865.
Hickey James, e. Jan. 2^, 1865.
Howe A. V. e. Feb. 16. 1865.
Kelley Wm. e. Jan. 24. 1865.
Mawer Jno. R. e. Feb. 11, 1864, died at Camp Butler,
Til., April 21, 1864.
Williams Chas.1 H. e. Jan. 24, 1864.
Wright Geo- W.
13th Cavalry.
First Asst. Surgeon Leonard L. Lake, com. Dec. 31,
1861. Resigned Feb. 19, 1862.
17th Cavalry.
Company K.
Handy Sam'l A. died at Marengo, 111., Feb. 21, 1864.
Keeney Don A. m. o. Dec. 22, 1865.
Ostrander Geo. T. deserted July 28, 1864.
Dudley Martin, deserted July 28, 1864.
1st Artillery.
Company I.
Captain John C. Neely, e. as Sergt. Feb. 1, 1862. Pro
moted Second Lieutenant Feb. 1, 1862. Promoted
Sen. Second Lieutenant May 5, 1862. Promoted
Sen. First Lieutenant June 16, 1863. Promoted
Captain Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865.
PRIVATES.
Gowar Henry, e. Jan. 21, 1862, re-enlisted as Vet., died
at Iuka, Mis*., July 13, 1865.
Hadley Geo. e. Feb. 6, 1862, re-enlisjed as Vet., m. o.
July 26, 1865.
Nolan Michael, e. Feb. 7, 1862, disd. Feb. 17, 1862.
Parent Geo. e. Feb. 18, 1862, re-enlisted as Vet., m. o.
July 26, 1865. , RECRUIT.
Dale James, e. Aug. 31, 1864, m. v. June 5, 1865.

2d Artillery.

Company G.
First Lieutenant Edward Webster, c. as Sergeant, Aug.
6, 1861. Promoted Sergeant, then Sen. Second '
Lieutenant, Sept. 22, 1863. Promoted Jr. First
Lieutenant, Jan. 25, 1864. Promoted in Colored
Regiment July 12, 1864.

HI8T0BT OF BOONE COUNTY. 267
The war ended and peace concluded, the Union preserved in its integ
rity, those of the sons of Boone who had volunteered their lives in defense
of their government who were spared to see the Army of the Union victo
rious, returned to their homes to receive j>rand ovations and tributes of
honor from friends and neighbors who had eagerly and jealously followed
them wherever the fortunes of the war called them. Exchanging their
soldiers' uniform for citizens' dress, they fell back to their old avocations —
on the furm, at the forge, the bench, in the shop, and whatever else their
hands found to do. Brave men are honorable always, and no class of Boone's
citizens are entitled to greater respect than the volunteer soldiery, not alone
because they were soldiers in the hour of the country's peril, but because in
their associations with their fellow-citizens their walk is upright and their
honesty and character without reproach.
AGRICULTURAL.
Being an agricultural community, there has been but little to
disturb its tranquility since the close of the war. Falling back into
the old routine of farm life, renewed energy and industry, if indeed such a
thing were possible, has marked the years that have come and gone since a
peace was conquered. Prosperity has continued to attend all legitimate
undertakings, and, "at peace at home, with all the world and, rest of man
kind," there is but little leftfor our humble pen to add to the general his
tory of Boorie County. By-and-by the people of to-day will have passed
away, and others will come after them. All will have made history, but
the compilation of that history will be for other minds, and, we hope, abler
and more experienced ones, than the humble one that has directed this
work. Pre-eminently an agricultural community, and one* embracing some of
the first and most successful farmers in the State of Illinois, the agricultural
interests are of more direct, importance than all olhers combined. Appre
ciating the great worth of this interest, and desiring to present it in all its
importance, we know of no more reliable or correct data upon which to
base a summary than the records of the Boone County Agricultural Society.
In the fall and winter of 1855-6, the question of forming such a society
began to be agitated among the more thinking and intelligent part of the
people, and in the spring of 1856 a meeting was called to consider the sub
ject and devise ways and means to effect such an organization. The meet
ing was called for the 25th of April, and Plane's Hall designated as the
place for meeting and deliberation. Isaac Miller, Esq., was selected as
chairman. At that meeting it was determined to organize an agricultural
society, and Elias Congddn, Stephen A. Hurlbut and M. G. Leonard were
appointed as a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws for the gov
ernment of the society, subject to amendment. The organization was fur
ther completed by tlie election of the following named gentlemen as officers
for the year 1855: <
President, Allen C. Fuller; Vice President, John Stockham; Secretary
and Treasurer, George J. Wood. Directors: Fredrick P. Low, Flora; Nijah
Hotchkiss, Belvidere; Martin T. Gilbert, Caledonia; Hiram Hopkins, Man
chester; E. L. Tisdell, Lerov, Willett Webster, Hoone; H. W. Pier, Bonus;
C. F. Witt, Spring.

268 HISTOET OF BOONE COUNTY.
In the course of the preparation of this work, the nineteenth annual
fair of the society was held, commencing on Tuesday, the 4th of September,
and ending on Friday, the 7th, during which time Mr. R. W. Coon, editor
and publisher of the Northwestern, assisted by Mr. A. II. Keeler, issued a
daily edition of that paper, which, though small, was filled with useful in
formation, not the least important of which was a somewhat comprehensive
history of the society, which we transfer to the pages of the Past and
Present of Boone County.
" The first meeting of the society was appointed to take place on the
25th and 26th of October, 1855, on the site now known to the people of
Boone county as the ' Old Fair Grounds.' '
"The total receipts of the Treasurer for 1855 were $624, expenditures
$302.51, leaving a balance on hand of $321.49. Thus far the society re
garded their effort a success, and the officers began agitating the question of
purchasing a sufficient amount of land, for the purpose of a fair ground. A
committee was appointed to act in this matter and the old site of the fair
grounds was purchased. Active preparations were then made for the im
provements of* the ground and a successful fair to be held on October 1st,
2d and 3d. Allen C. Fuller was elected President for the second year, and
Geo. J. Wood, Secretary and Treasurer.
" The total receipts for 1856 were $983.70, against $624 in 1855, giving
an increase of $359.70 for the second year.
"In 1857 the following officers were elected: President, Allen C.
Fuller; Vice President, John B. Tinker; Secretary and Treasurer, Geo. J.
Wood. " The Secretary's report for 1856 shows the total receipts to be $983.70,
with disbursements reaching $685.45. These amounts not including
amounts on hand from previous year, or expenditures.
"From 1857 to 1867 the fair was held on the old grounds, and the so
ciety had years of reasonable success, and again seasons of depression.
" In 1860 Mr. A. E. Jenner was chosen Secretary, and in the minutes
of the Board held in 1860, when Ezra May was elected President; E. E.
Moss, Vice President; A. E. Jenner, Secretary, and G. W. Downs, Treasurer,
is the following:
•' Rewlved, That the Board is hereby authorized to pay the Secretary for his services
any amount not exceeding thirty dollars.
" In 1862, on motion of Mr. George Dean, it was voted to postpone
the holding of a fair until the fall of 1863, and again at a meeting of the
directors in June, 1863, it was voted to postpone holding a fair 'until after
the next annual meeting of the society," and the board then adjourned to
meet on the call of the secretary. The records then show that the next
meeting was h Id at the court-house in April, 1865, when it was voted that
the secretary call a mass meeting of the members, farmers, mechanics, mer
chants, ladies and everybody to meet in the court-house on Saturday, June
3, 1865, 'to determine whether the society shall live or die.' At the June
meeting, we infer, it was decided to try to live, for L. W. Lawrence was
elected President; E. A. Jenner, Secretary, and W. R. Cornell, Treasurer,
and a fair was held that year in September, and the society did very well,
we judge, for at the annual meeting, held April 4, 1876, the society owed
only $15.
"In 1867, at the annual meeting, E. E. Moss was elected President; J.
D. Tripp, Vice President; A. E. Jenner, Secretary, and G. W. Downs,

HI8T0EY OF BOONE COUNTY. 269
Treasurer; and at a meeting in June of the same year, G. W. Downs moved
'that we deem it expedient to change our fair grounds,' and steps were
taken for the purchase of the grounds at present occupied by the society.
These grounds were purchased of J. R. Williams for $1,200, the society
paying him $675, the cash received from A. C. Fuller for the old grounds,
and giving notes for the balance. Steps were at once taken for the removal
of buildings, etc., to the new grounds, and the fair of 1867 was held in
their new home.
" The fair held \on the new grounds in 1867 was probably not very
profitable, for a motion was passed authorizing the treasurer and secretary
to borrow money on the best terms they could to pay the indebtedness of
the society. The officers of the society for the past ten years have been as
follows: ,
" 1868, D. W. Gates, Pres.; Geo. Sands, Vice Pres.; A. E. Jenner, Sec.
and Treas. 1869, D. W. Gates, Pres. ; Geo. Reed, Vice Pres. ; A. E. Jen
ner, Sec. and Treas. 1870, A. C. Fuller, Pres.; L. W. Lawrence, Vice
Pres.; L. O. Gilman, Sec; G. 1ST. Woodward, Treas. 1871, same with the
exception of A. E. Jenner as Sec. 1872, John J. Foote, Pres.; Amzi
Abbe, Vice Pres.; A. E. Jenner, Sec; C. B. Loop, Treas. 1873, John J.
Foote, Pres. ; Luke Teeple, Vice Pres. ; A. E. Jenner, Sec. ; C. B. Loop,
Treas. 1874, Luke Teeple, Pres.; D. R. Andrus, Vice Pres.; A. E. Jenner,
Sec; W. S. Jones, Treas. 1875, Ezra May, Pres.; D. R. Andrus, Vice
Pres.; A. E. Jenner, Sec; W. S._ Jones, Treas. 1876, Ezra May, Pres.; D.
R. Andrus, Vice Pres. ; A. E. Jenner, Sec. ; C. B. Loop, Treas. 1877,
Richard Barnes, Pres. ; John Hannah, Vice Pres. ; A. E. Jenner, Sec. and
Treas. " Shortly after the Society moved into its new grounds it began to be
bothered by debts, principally contracted by the expense of the change and
the cost of new buildings. In 1867, this debt amounted to $2,490 and in
terest, while at the same time the amount expended on the grounds, build
ings, etc., aggregated $5,740.16. In this year we find that a new departure
was had in that the Treasurer was required to give bonds. Dr. G. JN".
Woodward was at that time Treasurer, aud his bond was for $1,000, signed
by P. J. Garcelon, E. R. Bishop, Ira Wilson and O. H. Wright, as sure
ties. This is the only bond that the records show as having ever . been
given by a Treasurer of the Society. In 1871, after the fair, the receipts
and cash were not so large as was desirable by the friends of the Society,
and the debts were pressing. While things were in this condition, at a
meeting held in November, 1871, the proper officers of the Society -were
authorized and instructed to execute a mortgage on the property of the So
ciety to secure certain indebtedness of the Society, said mortgage to run
two years from December, 1871.
" On December 9th, of the same year, at a meeting of the Society, it
was resolved to amend the Constitution so as to make the Society a joint
stock company with a capital of $5,000, in shares of $10 each, the change
to take effect as soon as 100 shares of stock should be subscribed, when a
transfer of the property should be made to the stockholders of the joint
stock company. Shortly afterwards a Constitution was adopted, and since
that time the Boone County fairs have been run by the joint stock com
pany, and we believe we are justified in saying that each year the fairs have
been better and the people have become more and more interested in them
until the present time. Finally, in 1876, a strong effort was made by the

270 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
members of the Society to clear their indebtedness, and for that purpose
stock was increased and sold up to 606 shares, and with the money thus
raised the entire indebtedness was paid. Thus, at the present time, the
Society, after an existence of over twenty years, is in better condition than
ever before, lt has fair grounds on which are first-class buildings and im
provements, it has the confidence and regard of the people of the county,
and is free from debt."
At the last annual election for officers, held on Wednesday, Sept. 5,
1877, the following named gentlemen were chosen:
President — Richard Barnes, Belvidere; Vice President, John Han
nah, Belvidere; Secretary, Asher E. Jenner, Belvidere; Treasurer; C. H.
Peck. Belvidere.
Directors — A. O. Witbeck, Flora Township; Luke Teeple, Belvidere;
John Moore, Caledonia; Arthur P. Daniels, Manchester; George Reed,
Spring; Joel E. Cronk, Bonus; George Sands, Boone; Silas DeMunn, Le
Roy; E. T. Bellmeyer, Cherry Valley; H. P. Kimball, Rockford; W. C.
Vandennok, Guilford; A. T. Ames, Marshall.
This nineteenth annual gathering of the farmers, stock growers, me
chanics and artisans of Boone County was largely attended, and the display
of farm and pasture products, machinery, etc., exceedingly creditable.
Nor were evidences of woman's handiwork wanting. In this department
the display was surprisingly fine. The Secretary's books show that there
were 1,048 entries; premiums awarded, $1,291.50; special premi
ums, $100. The annual address was delivered by Hon. S. A. Hurl
but, and was listened to with marked attention. The Society is now said
to be in better condition, financially, than it has ever been, and it is to be
hoped that its success and prosperity will grow with its years. The
grounds are situated about one mile and a half due west of the Court
House, a part of them beautifully shaded, the grove occupying an elevated
plateau of table land. The judges' stand and a portion of the driveway are
situated in a kind of basin that is overlooked from the grove in the north
west corner of the grounds. The open space immediately below the grove
(or the most of it) remains in the condition in which it was left by the
Pottawatomie Indians. The ridges and hills they had thrown up for culti
vation are sodded over, but easily traced. The grazing places of their
ponies are now included as a show ground and trial track for cattle and
horses of finest blood. The shady grove in which their " braves " were
wont to " sleep the hours away " after a return from the hunt or the war
path, and where the squaws, maidens and papooses would betake them
selves to avoid the beating rays of the midsummer's sun, the former to
pursue the work of beading moccasins and other Indian gear, is now filled
with halls for the display of the finer mechartism of their pale-faced
brothers, and the still finer handiwork of their pale-faced sisters. What a
change less than half a century has wrought !
RAILROADS.
Although*Boone County is traversed by three lines of railroads, the
people of the county never voted a single dollar in bonds or money in aid
of their construction. When the Rockford & Kenosha Road was in con
templation some of the farmers in the vicinity of its contemplated line
were prevailed upon to take stock, for which they gave mortgages on their
farms and lands, with the guaranty from the company that the company

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 271
would pay interest on the amount of stock so taken. The mortgages were
payable in ten years.
Another contemplated road — the Racine, Janesville & Mississippi —
pursued a like course in soliciting and obtaining stock subscriptions, ex
cept as to tly3 guaranty. Quite a number were inveigled into the scheme,
and mortgaged their lands for large sums. A few of these mortgages were
compromised, but the larger proportion of the mortgagers filed bills in
chancery, and on hearing they were cancelled by decree of court.
A number of the mortgages given in aid of the Kenosha & Rockford
division were for small amounts — some of them for sums not exceeding^
one hundred dollars. The smaller mortgages were paid in full, and the
larger ones compromised, and there is now no individual railroad indebted
ness in the county.
The Galena Division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad enters
the county near the northeast corner of section thirty-six in Bonus Town
ship, and runs nearly due west to a point near the northwest corner of sec
tion thirty-two, when it bears to tlie northwest, leaving Bonus Township
at the northwest corner of section thirty, and enters the town of Belvidere
near the center of section twenty-five. From Belvidere it bears to the
southwest, and leaves Boone County at the southwest corner of section
thirty-one in Belvidere Township. This road was completed to Belvidere
in December, 1852.
The ^Madison Branch (originally known as the Beloit Branch) of the
Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, after leaving Belvidere, bears a little to
the west of north, passing through sections twenty-three, fourteen, eleven,
and two, in Belvidere Township, enters Caledonia Township on the south
west .quarter ot section thirty-live, passes up through section twenty-seven,
and at the southwest corner of section twenty-two bears directly to the
northwest, and passing through sections twenty-one (just touching the
southwest corner of section sixteen), seventeen, and seven, leaves the county
at the northwest corner of section seven. Caledonia, an important point
for the shipment of grain, etc., is a station on this road. It was completed
in 1853. The Kenosha Division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, run
ning from Kenosha to Rockford, enters Boone Township at the southeast
corner of section one, soon after which it turns directly southwest, passing
through Capron in the northwest corner of section eleven, thence into and
through sections ten and sixteen and to near the center of section twenty,
when it diverges a little lo the north through section nineteen, entering
Caledonia Township at Poplar Grove on the northeast quarter of section
twenty-four in that township, thence through section twenty-three to the
northeast corner thereof, when it bears to the southwest, crossing the Madi
son Division at Caledonia Junction, on section twenty-one; thence again
northwest to a point a little north of the center of section twenty; thence
southwest and through section nineteen, leaving the county at the village of
Argyle, a Scotch hamlet named after Argyle of Scotland. '
The main line of the Chicago & Northwestern also passes through the
extreme northeastern part of LeRoy Township, crossing only a few rods of
section one.
The total number of miles of railroad in the county is returned at 40
miles and 3,463 feet; the assessed valuation for 1876 at $218,934.

272 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
GEAIN ELEVATORS.
There are two grain elevators in successful operation. The stone ele
vator was erected in 1851, by W. H. Gilman, Sr., at a cost of $10,000.
Some years later it passed into the ownership of D. W. Reed and Deacon
Congdon, who converted it into a flouring mill. As such it continued to
be used until about 1860 or 1801, when M. G. Leonard, the present owner,
became proprietor, by purchase. The mill machinery was taken out and
the building leturned to its original use as an elevator. It has a capacity
of 60,000 bushels.
The Harper elevator,- a wooden structure, was built in 1865, by George
H. Harper. It is now operated by H. Whitehead.
The following is a monthly statement of the shipments by the car load
of grain and stock from Belvidere for the year ending December 31, 1876.
This is not up to the usual average of shipments. During that year the
crops were light. In 1875 the business was large, and it is estimated that
for the current year (1877) the business will be at least one-third larger:
Grain. Stock. Grain. Stock.
January  38 18 July  31 12
February  57 17 August  42 9
March  23 12 September  71 14
April  22 10 October  68 17
May  86 17 November . . . ;  46 17
June  67 7 December  52 39
Total  603 189
Grand Total  792
In the month of December, 1876; 61,980 pounds of poultry were
shipped. Butter is becoming quite an item in the commercial transactions of the
county, and up to the 14th of September, 1877, a little over 60,000 pounds
have been shipped — the largest part of it finding its way directly to the
eastern markets. In addition, there are two butter factories that are hold
ing their productions for an advance in prices.
COUNTY SCHOOLS.
Perhaps no interests of Boone County have been so carefully guarded
and fostered as the educational. The care exercised by the early authori
ties in guarding the school lands — section sixteen in each township — was
significant of a determination to maintain them intact to the purposes for
which they had been set apart. The policy marked, out by the first Board
of County Commissioners for the preservation of these lands seems to have
been strictly and rigidly adhered to by their successors until the lands were
fully and completely disposed of, and the proceeds properly applied. Such
care was not without its legitimate fruits. The last report of the State
Superintendent of Public Instruction shows that the county has a township
fund derived from this source of $-14,288.00; of this amount, $13,491.17 is
loaned, $11,458.74 on personal security, and $2,032.43 onreal estate security.
The principal of this sum was derived from the sale of township lands, and
is a perpetual school fund, the principal or interest of which cannot be
diverted to any other purpose. And no sane man would ever wish to appro
priate it to any other use.

BELVIDERE .

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 275
We extract the following statistics from the report of the State Super
intendent for the school year ending September 30, 1876:
Total receipts during the year, $42,196.14; total expenditures, $32,-
944.22; balance on hand, $9,251.92; total of expenditures and balance,
$42,196.14; estimated value of school houses and grounds, $75,250.00;
estimated value of school apparatus, $994.40; estimated value of school
libraries, $231.40; number of volumes in libraries, 409; number of school
houses, 74; number of males under 21 years of age, 2,264; females under
21 years ot age, 2,673; whole number under 21 years of age, 5,337;' males
between the ages of 6 and 21, 2,042; females between the ages of 6 and 21,
1,917 ; whole number between 6 and 21 years of age, 3,959 ; number of school
districts, 80; number of districts having school five months or more, 77;
whole number of free public schools, 72 ; average number of months school
sustained, 7.4; only three districts had school less than five months; the
whole number of months during which school was sustained, 523, equal to
43 years and 7 months; there were enrolled for that year, 1,730 males, and
1,651 females; total, 3,381; 54 male and 123 female teachers were employed,
making a total of l77 teachers employed during 1876; there are five graded
schools, two public high schools, and two private schools; eight of the
school houses are built of stone, six of brick, and 60 are frame; two were
built during the year; the highest monthly wages paid male teachers was
$1 22.22 ; the lowest, $25.00 ; highest monthly wages paid to female teachers,
$44.00; lowest, $15.00; average monthly wages paid male teachers, $46.22,
female teachers, $28.55. Twelve examinations were held during the year
and 178 applicants examined ; 18 first grade and 114 second grade certifi
cates were granted ; 11 male and 35 female applicants were rejected; total
rejections, 46. During the year, the Superintendent spent 38 days in visit
ing schools, 50 days in examinations, 20 in institute work, and 20 days in
other official duties, making 128 days spent in a directly official capacity.
In November, 1873, ten ladies were elected County Superintendents of
schools. Mrs. Mary E. Crary was elected in this county, December 28-9,
1874. A meeting of the State Association of County Superintendents of
schools was held in Chicago. Five of these lady superintendents had been
appointed to read papers and lead in the discussions. The appointments
were: Mrs. Sarah Mcintosh, of Will County; Miss Mary Allen West, of
Knox County; Miss Mary W. Whiteside, of Peoria County; Mrs. Mary E.
Crary, of Boone County; and Mrs. Mary S. Carpenter, of Winnebago
County. The executive committee of the association had selected a list of
topics for the consideration of the Chicago , meeting. In his report for
1873-4, the State Superintendent said: "Mrs. Mary E. Crary, of Boone
County, in answer to the question, 'Ought certificates to be renewed with
out examination?' gave a decided negative, based upon the following
reasons: Frequent examinations are a great help to the teachers, spurring
them on to higher attainments, getting them out of the ruts of mechanical
study and teaching, and raising their salaries by cutting off the supply of
poor, cheap teachers." In the same report, State Superintendent Etter said
of these lady superintendents: "Their excellent official record in this office
warrants the belief that they acquitted themselves (in the Chicago meeting)
with credit." These references are simply placed on record here as being per
tinent to the "Present" part of our work, for these reasons: first, the elec
tion of lady superintendents was an experiment; and second, because one
of them, Mrs. Crary, was elected in Boone County.

276 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
One of the ten lady superintendents of schools, a resident of the
county, and her official record a part of the history of the Present, a brief
personal biography of Mrs. Mary E. Crary will not be out of place in these
pages: Mrs. Crary was born in New York, in 1846. When ten years of age,
her parents came West, and after a few years of study in different schools
of Kansas and Missouri, she entered Laurence University, at Appleton,
Wisconsin, but was called home by the death of her mother. After that
bereavement, she entered the Rockford Seminary, from which she gradu-
ated with honor. She then took a course <;f study in Vassar College,
Poughkeepsie, New York. After a few years of successful teaching, she
was married, and settled down in Belvidere, still continuing to teach, how
ever, in both the High Schools. In the fall of 1873, her name was pro
posed as a candidate for the school superintendency, to which office she was
elected. Her official record is good. Her reports to the State Superin
tendent are highly commended by that officer, while at home her official
character, industry, and interest in the schools is universally praised. As
a teacher she sustained an exalted reputation. She possesses an excellent
education — nothing of the superficial order — but thorough and compre
hensive. She is a woman of indomitable energy and industry, and as an
educator she ranks among the foremost in the state.

BELVIDERE.
As stated elsewhere iu the progress of this writing, Oliver Robbins
and brothers made the first claim in Boone County. That claim covered
the grounds now occupied in part by North Belvidere, and was divided by ,
the Kiswaukee River, and mnst have been made early in the summer of
1835. This is only presumption, however, based upon subsequent events.
In June of that year, the claim was found occupied by Archibald Metcalf
and David Dunham, so that the Robbins Bros, either sold their claim to
Messrs. Metcalf and Dunham, or abandoned ii, when the latter "jumped " it.
About the 4th of June, 1835, John K. Towner, wife and eight chil
dren, with their worldly goods packed in a wagon made expressly for the
occasion, turned their backs upon the village of Avoca, in the town of
Bath, County of Steuben, N. Y., to find a new home in Michigan. It had
been Mr. Towner's purpose to make the trip alone — to go and spy out a
new home in Michigan, and then return for his faniily; but to this propo
sition Mrs. T. would not consent, and hidding relatives and friends "eood-
by," they started on their joifrney, passing through Canada, and entering
Michigan at Detroit. Near Detroit they stopped with a sister of Mrs.
Towner's mother (a Mrs. Mathews), until Mrs. Towner could rest up, her
health being poor, and to allow Mr. Towner time to select a location for a
future home. Not finding the situation and surroundings in that State to
his liking, and hearing a good deal of Chicago, Mr. Towner left his wife
and children among her friends, and started via the lake, for that city. On
the way across the lake he was overtaken by sickness, and was compelled to
lay up for a few days at the old Tremont House, for treatment and rest.
While thus housed up it happened that two citizens of Kenncdyville. Steu
ben County, N. Y., and acquaintances of his, were stopping at the same

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 277
hotel, and hearing the name of their old New York friend and neighbor
mentioned, they sought his room, to renew on the banks of Lake Michigan
the acquaintanceship commenced in New York in their boyhood days.
These men were Cornelius Cline and Erastus A. Nixon — ;men whose names
have already become known to tljose who have followed the pages of this book.
Mr. Towner was not satisfied with the outlook of Chicago as presented
at that date, and was free to express his dislike to his friends. The Rock
River country at that time was a great center of attraction among people
hunting new homes, and its natural beauty and wealth of soil was highly
praised, and Mr. Towner determined to visit that new El Dorado. Always
a man of influence and a leader among his associates in his native State,
Messrs. Cline and Nixon needed no persuasion to be induced to accompany
him. As soon as able to travel, the trio started on foot for Rockford,
following the trail made only a few years before by the army of General
Winfield Scott in his campaign against the hostile Blackhawk Indians.
When Messrs. Towner, Cline and ISixon arrived at the Kishwaukee, they
found Metcalf and Dunham encamped in a small shanty on the claim
already described. This was in June — the month of roses. The landscape
was covered with myriads of flowers, and the great natural beauty of the
surroundings enlisted the admiration of Mr. Towner. Tradition relates
that when the Indians first entered upon and beheld the flower-bedecked
landscape of one of the Southern States, they exclaimed: "Alabama!" which
being interpreted means, "Here we rest." The same sentiment seems to
have filled the soul of Mr. Towner, for after a night's rest and a general
survey of the beautiful landscape surrounding, examining the rich soil, etc.,
etc., he said to his companions: "Others, expecting to find a paradise on
Rock River, may go there; as "for me, I go no further." His decision was
the decision of his friends, and here they rested.
His decision rendered, he purchased a part of the claim held by Messrs.
Metcalf and Dunham that included some timber, and took an additional
claim that covered both sides of the river, a little below the present resi
dence of Mr. Andrew F. Moss. He arranged with Mr. Cline for the erec
tion of a log cabin, and started back for his family, walking to Chicago,
and thence by lake vessel to Detroit, arriving home with his family just four
weeks from the time he left them. After a day or two of rest, their goods
were re-packed and re-loaded, and the journey for the Kishwaukee country
commenced. Coming by way of Chicago, Mr. Towner there bought four
pairs of oxen and an old-fashioned Pennsylvania wagon, in those days
called "Prairie Schooners." Laying in a small supply, of provisions, such
as flour, bacon, etc., and his wife taking charge of the horse team that had
hauled them from New York, through' Canada and Michigan to Chicago,
the last end of their journey to find a new earthly habitation was com
menced. At midnight ofthe last day of July, 1835, Mrs. Towner, with the
younger children and her "carriage," arrived on the south bank of the
Kishwaukee, at a point nearly opposite the present site of the Baltic
(Martyn's) mills, and went into camp. The next morning, up betimes, she
saw the sun arise in glory and splendor, and cast his genial rays over the
? round now occupied by Belvidere — until then the favorite resort of the
ottawattomies,their council grounds,as well as a burial place for their dead*
*Somc years ago a large number of Indian skeletons were unearthed along the bluff
bank on the north side of the Kishwaukee, a little below the State street bridge, of which
, more mav be said in the course of lhis vnlirnis

278 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
The erection of the house contracted for by Mr. Towner on his previous
visit, had not been completed, having only been raised four "rounds" — that
is, four logs high on each side, and until it was completed, the family made
the best possible shift. They moved into Metcalf and Dunham's shanty,
where they remained until Mr. Cline completed his cabin. The Towners
then moved into that and remained there while Cline went East and
returned with his own family. Soon after their own house was finished,
into which they moved. While the Towners were occupying the Metcalf
and Dunham shanty, Simon P. Doty and Dr. D. H. Whitney put in an
appearance at their door, and claimed their hospitality, which was granted,
as in those days no door. was closed against the wayfarers on the wide,
sparsely settled ,prairies. This fact fixes the date of the arrival of Messrs.
Doty and Whitney at from the fifth to the tenth days of August, 1835, and
not the first of that month, as we have previously stated, a discrepancy,
however, of minor importance. This chain of evidence establishes beyond
all doubt, if, indeed, any doubt ever existed, that Archibald Metcalf, David
Dunham,John K. Towner and family, Cornelius Cline, Erastus A. Nixon,
Simon P. Doty and Dr. D. H. Whitney were the pioneer settlers oi Boone
County, and that Mrs. Towner was the first white woman whose feet pressed
the green carpet spread by nature upon these beautiful "Elysian Fields."*
Later iu the month of August, Ebenezer Peck and D,r. Goodhue came
here, and like all who had preceded them, were delighted with the situation
and the country, and while not seeking a place for new homes, they deter
mined to secure an Jinterest in what they foresaw must become valuable
property and a site for a thriving town. In connection with Dr. D; H.
Whitney, they purchased the claims of Messrs. Dunham and Metcalf,
which embraced most of the lands occupied by the north part of Belvidere.
This purchase was the first step towards the formation of the Belvidere
Company, subsequently organized for the purpose of increasing the capital,
building a town, mills, and making such other improvements as would add
to the convenience and accommodation of immigrants and settlers. On
his arrival in August, Dr. Whitney was so enraptured with the beauty of
the landscape, that, in his enthusiasm, he named the place "Elysian Fields."
When the Metcalf and Dunham claims were purchased, the name was
changed to Belvidere, in honor of Mr. Peck's native place, Belvidere, Can
ada. In September, Deacon Nathaniel Crosby, then of Fredonia, New
York, visited the settlement and purchased an interest in these claims, and '
returned East to make arrangements for building a mill at Belvidere the
next year. "About this time," says Dr. Whitney, in a series of letters pub
lished in the Belvidere papers, "the company bought the claims of Messrs.
Payne and Wheeler, two Hoosiers of the claim-making persuasion, who
resided on Fox River. They had cut logs for a cabin, and Dr. Whitney
had them hauled up on the site intended for the town plot, where he used
them for the erection of a double log house, which was the first building in
Belvidere that could be dignified by the name of a house. It was chris
tened the Belvidere House, and Simon P. Doty installed as landlord. Mr.
Doty continued in the management of this hostelry until the fall of 1836,
when he moved into his own house, the first framed building erected in
Boone County. The frame buildings of those days were sided or clap-
*Mrs. Towner is of the opinion that the wife of a chief of the Pottawattomies, whom she
found here, was a white woman, but was so painted as to conceal her identity. But of this
more under the caption of Political and Personal Recollections.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 279
boarded and shingled with oak lumber made by hand. An oak tree of
suitable size would be selected, cut down, and sawed into "cuts" of the
desired length. These "cuts" were split into "bolts," and the bolts reduced
by splitting with a frow as nearly the required thickness as possible, after
which they were dressed down with a drawing knife, when they were
ready for use.
"The Belvidere hotel was the only 'first-class hotel in the city,' and as
its landlord knew how to 'keep hotel,' and was withal a popular gentleman
and an unadulterated Whig, it was a place of popular resort, and besides
serving as a hotel, it was used as a place for holding public meetings.
"In the latter part of October, 1835, the Marshal for LaSalle county,
for taking the census, came to number the people of Belvidere, and the en
tire population was returned at thirty-seven, men, women and children."
Early in 1836, Nathaniel Crosby returned from New York. The
claims were divided into ten shares, representing one thousand dollars each.
The shares were all taken, and Messrs. John S. King, Jacob Whitman,
Josiah C. Goodhue, Simon P. Doty, Frederick W. Crosby, John P. Chapin,
Joel Parker and Henry L. Crosby admitted to equal interests in the Belvi
dere Company. Nathaniel Crosby became the general business manager in
the building of the mills, etc.
The Belvidere Company was thus fully organized, and the work of
building the mills at once commenced. All the lumber used in the erec
tion of the sawmill was made by hand from the trees of the forest near by,
by cutting, sawing, splitting and shaving, as described in a previous para
graph. Among those who were employed in building this sawmill, and
who have remained permanently in the county, are Andrew F. Moss and
Edward E. Moss, who have become prosperous farmers. Andrew F. Moss
occupies a farm made on the land he pre-empted and bought of the govern
ment, in 1839, and upon which no debt or mortgage has ever been
contracted. The mill was completed and set in operation in the fall of that year.
Its gearing, machinery, etc. w,ere a great curosity to the Indians remaining
here, as well as a great convenience, benefit and accommodation to immi
grants and to settlers, and white settlers had been steadily coming in.
While the sawmill was building, timber for the gristmill was being
prepared, and by the time the former was finished, the latter was ready for
sawed material for its completion. Rev. Dr. John S. King and Nathaniel
Crosby jointly superintended the building of this mill, and for many years
after its completion settlers came from many miles distant with their corn
or wheat to be ground. Sometimes there would be from twenty to forty
teams around the mill at one ftime, each owner awaiting his turn. The
later comers would sometimes be compelled to wait a day or two for their
grinding, but, as they had come prepared to " stay all night," they would
camp around and patiently bide their time. That old mill was succeeded
by the present Baltic Mills of Jas. B. Martyn.
The completion of these mills gave a fresh and vigorous impetus to
immigration, and the sawmill had all it could do to keep up with the de
mands for timber. About the time the building of this mill was under
taken, Col. Mahlon Sayers had commenced the erection of another one, at a
point about five miles below Belvidere, at a place then known as Newburg.
For a time it was " nip and tuck " as to which of these undertakings would
be completed first. Col. Sayers, the proprietdr of Newburg, was a rival of

280 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
the Belvidere company, and was seeking to make his place the leading town
in the county. When the State road between Chicago and Galena came to
be located, in June, 1836, there was a lively contest between Newburg and
Belvidere — Doty representing Belvidere, and Col. Sayer fighting for New
burg. But Doty was the stronger man of the two and spared no effort to
have Belvidere made a point on the road, and was successful; the Newburg
enterprise was abandoned, and Belvidere leaped into new life.
The commissioners to locate that road were Messrs. James Harrington
and Mark Daniels, of Kane County, and John Phelps, of Ogle County.
Their coming was looked for with interest. Claims along the line of that
road would be valuable, and claim hunters went out to meet them and make
their selections, and some amusing incidents are related of the eagerness,
amounting almost to greediness, of some of these parties — incidents which
we may hereafter relate. That road established, it became the stage road
between Chicago and Galena. The travel was heavy in those days. In the
summer and fail, four-horse coaches were employed, and in the winter four-
horse sleighs. In December, 1836, a post-office was established at Belvidere,
being the first on the northern route between Chicago and Galena. S. S.
Whitman was appointed postmaster. "He held the office about six years,"
says Dr. Whitney, in his reminiscences of Boone County, " when, without
a hearing, he was accused, tried and convicted of being an honest, upright
and faithful public servant, and a Whig, when off went his head."
In the fall of 1836, Messrs. S. P. Doty and Deacon Crosby established
the corners of State and Mechanic streets, with an old, iron, carpenter's
square. State street was named from the State road, bearing a little west
of north. Mechanic street was so named because the Belvidere company,
in order to encourage immigration, had resolved to donate building lots to
mechanics who would improve and reside upon them. The first buildings
erected on these corners were : Simon P. Doty built a frame liouse on the
corner now occupied by Williams' drug store, which was the Belvidere
House, of which we have already spoken. The next house was commenced
by Matt. Malony, on the corner now occupied by the Greenlee Brothers as
a hardware store. That building was a two-Story frame, 24x40 feet. When
framed, raised and covered, further work was abandoned until 1839, when
H. C. Walker took it in hand and completed it, and occupied it as a dry
goods store. For a long while the upper story was used by the Presby
terian people as a house of worship, further mention of which will be made
in another place. The next corner to be occupied was the one now occu
pied by the large grocery house of E. W. Case. A frame building had
been erected in the hollow up near the present residence of Cephas Gardner,
Esq., and an effort made to start the town up there, but Doty objected, and
putting in a strong oar, he foiled that scheme, and the building was moved
down to the corner just named, and occupied by Charles Goodhue as a, dry
goods liouse. He was soon after succeeded by Alexander Neely. The
erection of another building was commenced on the remaining corner, now
occupied by Jones' boot and shoe and clothing house. The building was
abandoned, however, and the structure, as far as it had progressed, torn
down and removed to another place. When the lands came into market,
(1839) the southeast quarter of section twenty-six, where Belvidere had
been commenced, was bought in by Col. Joel Walker. Soon after, a
division of the lands among interested parties was decided upon, and titles
confirmed by quit claim deeds from Mr. Walker. In that division of prop-

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 281
erty, the last corner spoken of fell to Mr. Doty, who subsequently deeded
it to McKnight, who erected thereon the present brick building, which was
the first brick house built in Belvidere. Doty soon after built a brick
addition to his Belvidere House, on the Williams drug store corner, which
was afterwards destroyed by fire. These -were the business houses of Belvi
dere from 1836 to 1840. Of course there were a few residence houses, but
until the year of the " Log Cabin and Hard Cider " campaign (1840), the
growth of Belvidere was slow. After that year, improvements commenced
to be made, and in 1877 the population is estimated at 4,000, with business
houses that reach into the hundreds, that in character and magnitude will
compare with those of any town in the State. The town has extended
across the river, and covers an area of at least four miles square. The
streets are wide, smooth and handsomely shaded. The residence houses are
neat, tasty and attractive in their outward finish, betokening thrifty comfort
and refinement within. Churches, school-houses, banks and all the other
attendants of more advanced life have followed, until the "Elysian Fields "
of nature — the home of the Indians forty-two years ago — has become a de
lightful and attractive place for homes in 1877.
When the county seat was located on the northeast quarter of section
twenty-six, railroads did not enter into consideration, and had any one been
bold enough to predict that in less than a quarter of a century such an en
terprise would not only be undertaken, but completed, and the time occupied
in making a trip from Belvidere to Chicago reduced from six days to as
many hours, the prediction would have Deen scouted, and the seer pro-
nonnced an idiot or lunatic Had he predicted that in the same time rail
roads and telegraph lines would traverse almost every township in the
county, he would have been either laughed out of the county or sent to some
charitable institution as incompetent to take caie of himself. But they are
accomplished realities, and the whistling of locomotives and the rumbling
of longjtrains of cars are heard almost hourly in each of the eight townships.
And the man who would express the determination to travel back to New
York in a wagon drawn by horses, as John K. Towner and family traveled
from that State to the Kishwaukee country in 1835, would be scouted as
badly as one would have been at that date to predict the railroad and tele
graph realities of the present. Forty-two years have marked wonderful
changes. The next forty-two will mark still greater ones.
Previous to the building and completion of the railroad from Chicago
to Rockford, the growth of Belvidere had been confined to the north side of
the Kishwaukee, as contemplated when the county seat was located on the
mound. When this line of that road was established, however, about one-
half mile south of the river, building commenced on that side, the result of
which was to transfer the bulk of the business to the near vicinity of the
road, and the consequent following of residences, churches and school
houses, and it is now conceded that the population is about equally divided
by the Kishwaukee. The river is spanned by a magnificent wrought iron
bridge, by which State street connects North and South Belvidere, and,
almost as level as a floor, (except the easy descent on either side of the river)
affords a magnificent drive- way.
Belvidere was incorporated under the general laws of the State in 1847,
but only remained under such government about one year, when, the man
agement not proving satisfactory to the people, they voted the corporation
down. Until 1857 there was no town or village government, but about

282 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
that time the citizens applied for and were granted a special charter. The
Act granting the charter was approved February 5, 1857. The Act pro
vided that the inhabitants of the town of Belvidere, in Boone County,
should be constituted a body politic and corporate, to be known by the
name of the " President and Trustees of the Town of Belvidere," and by
that name should be known to law, etc. The Act further provided that all
that district of country contained in and known as all of section twenty-six
and the west half of section twenty-five, in township number forty-four,
north of range three east, in Boone county, and also all additions of lots,
blocks and out-blocks to said town, which had been laid out and recorded
in the recorder's office of Boone County, should be recognized as forming
the corporation, with the proviso that the board of trustees might extend
the limits of the corporation not to exceed two miles square of land. The
first Monday in every month was fixed as the regular time for the meeting
of the board of trustees, providing also for the holding of adjourned and
special meetings, and that the first election of trustees should be held at the
court-house, and be conducted in the same manner as other elections are
held. The board of trustees consisted of five members, from one of which
number a president is elected, who by virtue of; the charter is ex-officio a
member of the Board of Supervisors. The charter provided that the first
election should be held on the second Monday in March, 1857, and annually
thereafter on the first Monday in March in each and every year.
At the first election for trustees. John K. Towner, Israel Tripp, D. W.
Read, Cephas Gardner and Warren Pierce were elected. Their first meet
ing was held at the office of Messrs. Fuller & Wood, on the evening of
March 10, 1857. The certificate of the judges of election showed that John
K. Turner had received 209 votes; Cephas Gardner, 213, votes; Israel
Tripp, 212 votes ; Warren Pierce, 212 votes ; David W. Read. 203 votes.
Warren Pierce was chosen as president of the board, Asher E. Jenner clerk,
Mark Ramsey, treasurer, and William Haywood, assessor.
Twenty years have come and gone since the date of the election of the
first board of trustees. As many changes have taken place in the selection
of town officials, but the line of policy marked out by the charter and in
augurated by the first board, has been carefully and jealously followed.
The finances have been economically managed, and the morals of the town
jealously guarded. No debts were ever contracted that the corporation had
not the ability to meet. Streets were improved, sewerage ^provided, side
walks built as fast as the growth of the town demanded, the result of which
is that in all these things Belvidere presents as cleanly, neat, tidy and
healthy, appearance as any other town of the same population in the State.
Practically speaking, it has been maintained as a temperance community.
Occasionally a contest as between the temperance and ante- temperance ele
ments has sprung up, but the former have always managed to hold the
balance of power within their own control. As a consequence no criminal
cases, growing out of drunken brawls, have ever found their way into the
courts. Sometimes the municipal regulations touching the traffic in spirit
uous liquors have been violated, but the violators were as promptly arrested
and the evils abated. All the adjuncts of good morals have been zealously
and carefully fostered and guarded. Good schools have been maintained
from the earliest days of Belvidere to the present. Churches have increased
with the increase of population, until the primitive building erected by
the Baptist people for a house of worship, and which, in its time

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 283
served as school house, court room, public hall, etc., is now succeeded
by twelve* church buildings, some of which are structures that would
do credit to any metropolitan congregation. Besides the congrega
tions represented by these church edifices, there are two religious so
cieties without any house of worship of their own. But all of these will
be mentioned more at length under proper divisions. Public halls have
also been built as the town has grown in population and importance, until
there are now two of most ample capacity for present or future demands.
These, likewise, will be more specifically noticed in another place. These
notes in general upon the origin and growth of Belvidere, and we notice as
next in order the
EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS.
The first schools taught were private or family schools. When these
valleys began to fill up the free school system had not become general even
in the older States. And if it had prevailed throughout the country, there
were no sources here from which to derive revenue for their support.
Among the early teachers was Miss Harriet King, daughter of Rev.
Dr. John S. King. Another of the pioneer teachers was Miss Rebecca
Loop, a sister to Mrs. John K. Towner, who taught a school in the winter of
1836-7 at the Towner family residence on the south side of the Kishwaukee.
These, according to our best sources of information, were the first schools
taught in what is now Boone County. In the years in which they were
taught, the settlements were sparse, that at Belvidere being the largest in
the county, and consequently better able to support a school.
In 1836 or ?37 a joint stock company was formed for the purpose of
building and maintaining an academy to be known as the Newton Academy.
March 4, 1838, *n instrument of writing issued from Boone County, by Dr.
Whitney, commissioner of sales for the county, conveying to John S. King,
iliram Waterman, A. D. Bishop, William Dresser and F. W. Crosby,
trustees of the Newton Academy, and their successors in office for the use
of the academy, a certain tract of land described as block 20, in the orig
inal town of Belvidere. This tract of ground cornered with the southeast
corner of the public or court-house square, and is now occupied by the
handsome residence of H. C. DeMunn, Esq. The academy building was
commenced and so far completed as to be tenantable, and Prof. S. S-. Whit
man taught a school therein. He was succeeded by another teacher, says
Mrs. Towner, whose name is forgotten. In August, 1843, the academy,
grounds, franchises, etc, passed out of the ownership of the association, and
became the property of John Walworth, in trust, to be used by him for
educational purposes and none other. In the same month, Walworth con
veyed the premises to Arthur B. Fuller,-)- subject to all the conditions named
in the conveyance to Walworth. Fuller, after coming into possession of
*Methodist, 2; Baptist, 2; Presbyterian, 1; German Evangelical Lutheran, 1; Free
Methodist, 1 ; Catholic, 1 ; Episcopal, 1 ; Universalist, 1 ; Christian, 1 ; German Evangelical
Association, 1.— 12. Two of these, the Episcopal and Christian Churches, are without pastors
and have no regular services.
fThe Arthur Fuller here spoken of was a brother to Miss Margaret Fuller, a noted wo
man of Boston. She came here in person and bought the property, for her brother and had
it deeded to him. Subsequently she visited the European continent, became acquainted
with and married an Italian nobleman, Count D' Orsini. At a later period herself, husband
and child made a visit to her friends in the East and, on the return voyage, were lost off
Long Island.

284 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
the property, occupied it as teacher for about two years, when he conveyed
it to John K. Towner and Eben Conant, subject to the same conditions. A
son of Conant was a Unitarian minister, and employed the academy as a
sc iool room and house of worship, but his doctrines not proving satisfactory
to the representatives of the other churches, neither his school nor church
aspirations succeeded very well, and in January, 1852, Towner and Conant
conveyed the property to Rev. Charles Hill Roe, a Baptist minister. Up to
the time of Roe's purchase the building had been used for educational pur
poses, and consequently was the first school-house (the old Baptist church
excepted) in Belvidere. After his purchase. Roe remodeled the building
and occupied it as a residence until 1862, when he removed it and built a
new house on the ground it bad occupied, using the old academy building
as a barn. In March, 1865, R*>e conveyed the premises to Henry D. Wa
terman; in March, 1868, Waterman conveyed it to Enoch Kendall, and in
July, 1869, Kendall conveyed it to H. C. DeMunn, the present owner and
occupant. And thus was the Newton Academy, grounds, franchises, etc.,
disposed of. The old academy building is still used as a barn by DeMunn,
who says he owes much of his greatness and learning to his living so long
on such classical ground, around which cluster the memories of so many
learned men and educators, and to which he has given the name of "Piety
Hill." In October, 1845, D. B. Pettit commenced a select school with eighty-
six scholars, in the old Baptist' church, of which we have repeatedly spoken.
He continued this school for six months, when he went East, remained ab
sent a few months, and, returning, resumed teaching. During Mr. Pettit's
absence, his school was continued by Jeremiah Phillips, who came here in
February, 1846, to visit a sister, and while making this visit engaged in
teaching penmanship. After Pettit's return, he and Mr. Phillips were en
gaged in teaching for six years, occupying rooms wherever they could be
obtained, sometimes in the court-house and sometimes in second stories of
business houses; a part of the time occupying the old academy.
About this time (1842) the lands had become taxable, and the people
forehanded enough to maintain public schools, and to build school-houses.
In town and country the good work was prosecuted. About 1854 the
stone part of the public school building in the Court-house square was un
dertaken, and when completed was the most pretentious school building
in the county. In 1857-8 a brick addition was built, affording accommoda
tions for 400 scholars. This building cost about $8,000. Since then the in
crease of population on the South side demanded the erection of school
buildings over there. Besides a large brick and stone house, with accom
modations for 400 scholars, two other buildings (frame) are occupied.
The present principal of the North Belvidere school is Henry J. Sher-
rill, formerly of Madison county, New York. He has occupied this posi
tion about eleven years in succession. As an educator, he has but few, if
any, superiors in the Northwest. His discipline is thorough, and his sys
tem of teaching as nearly perfect as is generally acquired. Scholars have
gone from this school to graduate in others with high sounding names, and
after an absence of some months have returned to find themselves far behind
the classes they left. He is ably assisted by the following corps of teachers:
Blanche Soule, assistant in High School department; Prudie May,
grammar department; Hattie Clark and Emma Shedd, intermediate depart
ment; Susie Rix and Emma May, primary department.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 285
Three hundred scholars are enrolled.
Mr. J. W. Gibson is principal of the South Belvidere school. He was
chosen to this position in 1874, and has given the most liberal satisfaction.
He is represented to be an excellent classical scholar, thoroughly practiced
in his method of teaching, and his discipline without fault. His educa
tional aides de camp are:
Mrs. B. M. Blackburn, assistant in High School; Miss Ida May Fry,
framinar department — Nettie B. Gray, assistant grammar department;
liss Mary E. Wyman, intermediate department — Miss Carrie Bush, assist
ant; Miss Sina Coleson, second primary; Eva Smedley, first primary.
Such are the schools of Belvidere in 1877. In either of them better
scholars can be graduated than were graduated from Yale or Harvard
" when this country was new." They are the pride of the people by whom
they are sustained, and an honor and a credit to the great State in which
they are maintained, and whose wise and generous laws have made them
equal to the colleges of fifty years ago.
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS.
BAPTIST CHURCHES.
Passing from the educational interests, we come to the Church History
of Boone County, the next in importance to the history of its early settle
ment. In fact, these histories are so closely interwoven with each other as
to be almost inseparable. From the best sources of information at our
command, it appears that the Baptist people were the first to enter upon
and occupy the field, and with that perseverance, industry, and earnestness
for which that branch of the Christian church has ever. been noted from the
days when St. John the Baptist went down into the water, they have, in
some degree, maintained the supremacy, as is shown both by numbers and
the two elegant church edifices in which they worship. We learn, also,
that in the early days of this county it was their purpose to build up here
an educational and theological institution, and thus make it a great dis
seminating center of religious truths and instructions, but from causes
not known to the writer (perhaps more liberal offers of property and other
aid being tendered in other localities) the scheme was never carried out.
Be this as it may, that people are none the less worthy of commendation
for their early work in planting the seeds that have germinated and ripened
into such fullness as is evidenced in the presence of large adult congrega
tions, learned pastors, prosperous, well-conducted Sabbath-schools, and their
two large and commodious houses of worship. The plan that has ripened
into such good results appears to have been laid among the Baptists of
Chautauqua County, New York. It was a worthy undertaking, and has been
crowned with brilliant success. How true that bread cast upon the waters
will return many days hence!
To Rev. Dr. John S. King, a very eminent Baptist divine,, and a man
whose name has often appeared on these pages, one whose moral, social,
business and religious character was withont reproach, belongs the honor
and the glory of preaching the first sermon uttered in the Kishwaukee
wilds. Dr. King came here in the late winter of 1835, and an earnest and
zealous servant of the Lord, a faithful sentinel on the outposts of the Chris
tian army, he soon found aplace for holding religious services. The doors
of the primitive home of Timothy Caswell were thrown, open, and in that

286 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
humble cabin, standing in what is now the eastern part of Belvidere, not
far from the banks of tlie easy-flowing Kishwaukee, on a March Sunday, in
1836, the voice of prayer and praise first ascended heavenward, and floated
out upon the air that had so short a time before been undisturbed except by
savage shouts, the howling of the wolf, or songs of birds. The attendance
was not large, but the words of wisdom — of glad tidings and great joy — ot
that peace that surpasseth all understanding — were none the less earnest.
Without money and without price — no immediate earthly reward in
expectancy — his sermon was none the less eloquent. Glittering jewels
and flashy attire were not there for display, but hearts full of earnest
resolve — resolves taken long years before in the old churches, in the old
homes away back by the clear, silvery waters of Lake Chautauqua — were
of more worth than all the glittering jewels and tinsels of fashion that
ever flashed and shone in the temples of the unholy. The songs of
prayer and praise may not have been so finished and artistically ren
dered as those of the present day ; there may have been but one hymn-
book in the congregation, and the preacher compelled to line out his
selections, but a deep inspiration of holiness and solemnity filled every
soul, and rendered vocal with sweetest melody every song of praise and
invocation. That first religious meeting — on the banks of the far western
Kishwaukee,appointed perhaps in the far east Chautauqua — was the precursor
of better thiiigs — the first-rays of that glorious light that has continued to
grow' and shine until Belvidere has become pre-eminently a city ot churches
and church-going people. He planted the seed, lived to see it ripen into a
golden harvest, and at the advanced age of nearly ninety years — years full
of usefulness— Dr. John S. King, in September, 1875, at DeKalb, DeKalb
County, was called to a home in the mansions above, there to receive the
fullness of his reward.
Thus commenced the Baptist work in the Kishwaukee valley. At a
little later period an humble and unpretentious house (of which we have
repeatedly spoken) was erected, and in its day served its purpose well, but
finally gave way before the demands of an increased population, and conse
quently increased congregation. That, too, in time, had to give way to a
larger and more commodious structure, and the present society now occu
pies as handsome a church edifice as any people could desire — much more
elegant in architecture and finish than even the most sanguine of its Chau
tauqua parentage ever anticipated.
The following historical summary is compiled from the church records,
and shows a degree of prosperity and usefulness rarely equalled:
The first sermon was preached here in March, 1836. There were quite
a number of Baptists here at that time, and Rev. Dr. John S. King, Deacon
N. Crosby, Ira Haskins and others, soon thereafter began holding regular
religious meetings. Every door was kindly opened, and the house was filled
every Sabbath, whether preaching or praise meeting. In July, 1836, the
Baptist Society was organized, with the following named constituent mem
bers: Rev. John S. King, M. D. ; Mr. and Mrs. Ira Haskins and daughter,
May ; Timothy Caswell and wife, Mercy Matilda, and unmarried daughter,
and Mrs. Elizabeth Payne, another daughter; Moses Blood and son, Caleb,
now Rev. Caleb Blood, of Kansas; Melvin Schenck and wife, Ann; Calvin
Kingsley and wife, Charlotte S. ; Nathaniel Crosby, Andrew F. Moss, and
Charles Whitman. Melvin Schenck was chosen church clerk.

£•

HISTORY OF BOOlTE COUNTY. 287
Others soon joined the new interest. In September, 1836, Prof. Seth
S. Whitman, from Hamilton, New York, became their first pastor. Their
numbers rapidly increased by the coming of John Lawrence and wife,
Luther W. Lawrence and wife, Asa Moss, Sr., and wife, and others.
This church was blessed with many strong and efficient members, and
soon became a power. It was the first church to incorporate the adult
members into the Sunday-school.
List of Pastors. — Prof. Seth S. Whitman, ten years ; Rev. S. A. Estee,
three years; Rev. Charles Hill Roe, D. D., thirteen years; Rev. H. J.
Eddy, D. D., four and one-half years; Rev. N. W. Miner, D. D., three
years; Rev. J. P. Phillips, 'four months (fell into ill health and resigned);
and Rev. W. A. Welsher (in his fourth year) present incumbent.
The supplies have been: Revs. S. Morton, John S. King, L. W. Law
rence, N- Otis, and others. Evangelists who made a good record for the
cause: Revs. Isaac T. Hinton, Thomas Powell, Jacob Knapp, Robert
Boyd, D. D., W. W. Moore, Morgan Edwards, and H. G. Weston.
This society has had a total membership of nearly 1,300, numbering
about 500 during the pastorate of Rev. Dr. Roe, of blessed memory. The
present numbor is about 250.
Sabbath-school. — Present number, 80 ; enrolled, 120.
In 1865, about 65 members were dismissed to form the South Belvi
dere Baptist Church, which now numbers over 300 members, with a total
membership of 480. That church has had for pastors, Revs. Horace M.
" Carr, J. L. Benedict, John Fulton, and the present incumbent, J. M. White
head; Like the "parent society, this congregation has a fine house of wor
ship, and an open door for good, dividing the Baptist interest between the
two churches. The total membership of the two churches is a little over
1,700. The first house of worship erected by this people has already been
spoken of. Their second one was a brick edifice, 42x62 feet, built in 1858,
at a cost of about $5,000, and occupied the lot now occupied. In 1867,
this house was pulled down to make room for the present beautiful edifice,
which is 65x105 feet, which was erected furnished at a cost of $30,000, the
most of which cost was borne by the congregation occupying it.
In 1866, the South Belvidere church built a temporary house of wor
ship, 24x40 feet, costing $1,000. It was afterwards used for a conference
room. In 1867, they built a house on the corner now occupied by John
Plane's hardware store, which cost $12,000. That building, together with
the conference room, was destroyed by fire, in December, 1871, and in 1873
the present beautiful edifice, 44x70 feet, and a conference room, 24x36 feet,
was built, at a cbst of nearly $15,000.
S. S. Statistics of South Belvidere Baptist Church. — The School was
organized in October, 1865, with about 200 members enrolled. Average
Sabbath attendance, nearly 150; present enrollment, about 250. The Su-
derintendents (in the order named) have been E. E. Moss, Henry G. An
drews, H. O. Sherman, and George B. Ames. Volumes in library, 260.
The total value of the Baptist Church property is estimated at $50,000.
FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
The next church in the order of organization is the First Presbyterian.
For a period of time involving nearly four years from the date of the first
settlement of Boone County, the only regular religious services at Belvi-

288 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
dere were conducted under the auspices of the Baptist. Church, but the ser
vices were open to all, and no member of any other church organization
declined to attend because they were Baptist. As immigration increased,
so increased the adherents to the different forms of worship. Presbyterian-
ism, as industrious, earnest and zealous as the Baptist or the Methodist —
always jealous of the tenets of its faith, and true to the spirit of its found
ers — had representatives among the immigrants, and as time grew apace,
and their numbers increased, they, too, determined upon establishing a
church. Their first services were held at the house of Stephen Burnet,
about three miles north of Belvidere. At first, like their Baptist co-labor
ers, their congregations were small, but their earnestness and religious
ardor were none the less sincere. The same zeal and devotion that had
been the governing principles of the fathers of that branch of the Church —
that had carried its tenets and truths wherever man had an abiding
place — that, through evil report as well as good, had enabled it to build
churches, found schools ami seminaries and colleges — was present in these
pioneer meetings, and sustained and encouraged its believers. Years of
trial and persecution, as all Christian people were persecuted in the earlier
days of the Christian era, had only tended to purify and strengthen their
faith. While acknowledging all religious organizations as co-laborers in
one common field, and ready to bow with them in the presence of the Most
High, there is yet an independence in a true Presbyterian that will accept
no compromise of his church's Articles of Faith, or to depart therefrom
and give up its individuality by becoming a part of any other church or
ganization, unless for reasons beyond possible control, such as inaccessibil
ity to their own churches and houses of worship. Love of order and home
enter largely into the hearts of Presbyterians everywhere, as much in the
Kishwaukee wilds as in the densely populated cities. No matter where
Presbyterians may go, they carry these attributes with them, and never
feel that they are at home until worshiping beneath their own vine and fig
tree — their own roof, and that free from debt. First assembled as a little
band of true and steadfast worshipers at the humble pioneer home of
Stephen Burnet, on Squaw Prairie, in 1838, without organization, we trace
the history of their society organization, its success and prosperity, down to
the present. In the compilation of this summary, we are much indebted
to Henry W. Avery, Jr., clerk of the church, merchants and esteemed citi
zens of Belvidere. *
The church is designated on the records of the Ottawa Presbytery as
the " First Presbyterian Church of Belvidere, Illinois." It was organized
at the log house of Stephen Burnet, above quoted, March 17, 1839, with 23
members, whose names were as follows:
Mrs. Dorcas May, Ezra May, Mrs. Abigail Burnet, Stephen Burnet,
Mrs. Harriet Sheldon, Frederic S. Sheldon, Mrs. Abigail Hicks, George D.
Hicks, Mrs. Mary Gardner, Austin Gardner, David Caswell, Aaron H.
Billings, Mrs. Louisa Rollins, Cliauncy Bristol, Mrs. Maria L. Fisk, Mrs.
Mary C. Dubois, Mrs. Hannah Blood, Mrs. Juliet M. Gilman, Mrs. Nancy
Hale, Mrs. Phil. McBride, Mrs. Louisa May, Mrs. R. Cunningham, Miss
Adaline E. Sheldon.
At the organization, Rev. John Morrill officiated, and Ezra May and
Austin Gardner were elected ruling elders. The Articles of Faith and
Covenant now in use were then adopted'.
Up to the arrival of Col. Joel Walker, the congregation worshipped at

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 289
the residence of Mr. Burnet, and then in the former's log house across the
prairie, three miles north of Belvidere, until the following year.
In 1840, the second story of the frame store-building erected by Col.
Walker the previous year, on the northwest corner of State and Mechanic
streets was finished off, and its use as a place of worship given the society.
The hall was dedicated June 4, 1840, and occupied three years.
The church was received into the Ottawa Presbytery, when in session
at Belvidere, June 23, 1841, at which time Rev. .Royal Nathaniel Wright
was installed as the first pastor, with a promised salary of $400 per annum,
$150 of which was pledged by the Home Missionary Society.
In 1843, the first church edifice of this society, and the first building
in the county used exclusively for religious purposes, was erected, on the
corner of Main and Mechanic streets, the present location. It was dedicated
in August of the same year. The material was white brick, its dimensions
36x48 feet, its cost $2,250, and the design plain and unpretentious.
In April, 1857, the erection of the church building now occupied as a
place of worship by the society was commenced, and in February, 1858, it
was dedicated. It is built of red brick, after the Corinthian order of arch
itecture; with the addition of a spire, is 60x80 feet in dimensions, will seat
800 persons, and cost $18,000. While the new church was building, the
society met for worship in the first Union Hall.
The membership record is : Original number, 23 ; received during
various pastorates, 835; received between the pastorates, 27; total since
organization, 885. Present number of members, 400. Number of original
members now living, 10.
The pastors have been : Morrill (supply), commenced labor, March 17,
1839; pastorate ceased, March, 1840; duration, 1 yr.; members received, 23.
Royal Nathaniel Wright, commenced labor, June, 1841; installed,
June 23, 1841; pastorate ceased, Oct. 6, 1849; cause, died, aged 38; dura
tion, 8-£ years ; members received, 182.
. Charles Fanning, installed, Oct. 23, 1850; pastorate ceased, April,
1854; cause, resigned, ill-health; duration, 3£ yrs. ; members received, 118.
E. D. Willis (supply), commenced labor, April, 1854; pastorate ceased,
May, 1855; duration, 13 months.
Eleazer T. Ball, commenced labor, May 6, 1855; installed, July 9,
1855; pastorate ceased, Aug. 9, 1855; cause, died; duration 1 month; mem
bers received, 16.
Henry B. Holmes, commenced labor, Jan. 18,1856; installed, April
23,1850; pastorate ceased, Dec, 1862; cause, resigned, call to Dubuque;
duration, 6-f years; members received, 149.
David Li. Eddy, commenced labor, May 10, 1863; installed, May 4,
1864; pastorate ceased, July 7, 1872; cause, resigned, call to Flint; dura
tion, 8 1-6 years; members received, 313.
Supplys, July to December, 1872.
f Thomas C. Easton, commenced labor, Dec 15, 1872; installed, Sept.
15, 1873; now serving; members received, 57.
The Record of Eldership is as follows:
Ezra May, elected March, 1839; died Sept., 1854; served 15£ years.
Austin Gardner, elected March, 1839; died Feb., 1843; served 4 years.
Joel Walker, elected Feb., 1*41; died July, 1855; served 14| years.
Marcus Wnite, elected April, '42; removed Sept., '50; served 8£ years.
David Dickey, elected Jan., 1846; died Dec, 1850; served 5 years.

290 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
Sidney Avery, elected January, 1846; still serving.
Jona. Mitchell, elected Sept., 1850; died Sept., 1853; .served 3 years.
Theron Linsley, elected Sept., 1851; died May, 1857; served 5f years.
Sey. Gookings, elected Sept., '51; removed April, '55; served 3£ years.
Eli Foote, elected Sept., 1851; retired Nov., 1864; served 13 years.
Eli Foote, re-elected Nov., 1869; still serving.
John Lawrie, elected Sept., 1851; retired Nov., 1860; served 9 years.
H. W. Avery, Jr., elected Sept., 1852; still serving.
James D. Tripp, elected Nov., 1854; still serving.
Warren Pierce, elected Nov., 1855; removed 1859; served 3£ years.
Olney Nichols, elected Nov., '56; removed Aug., '62; served 5| years.
D. E. Foote, elected Nov., 1856; still serving.
Danl. McEwen, elected Nov., '57; removed Dec, '67; served 10 years.
Saml. Pepper, elected Nov., 1861; retired Nov., 1864; served 3 years.
Elliot Bush, elected Nov., 1861; died June, 1864; served 2£ years.
H. D. Waterman, elected Nov., 1862; retired. Nov., 1865; served 3 years.
John Yourt, elected Jan., 1864; still serving.
M. C. Tomkins, elected Nov.,1864; removed Mch., 1873; served 8| years.
N. C. Bentley, elected Jan., 1866; still serving.
Ira Stanbro, elected Oct., 1868; retired Nov., 1872; served 4 years.
M. Linsley, elected Nov., 1872, retired Nov., 1.875 ; served 3 years.
I. T. Witbeck, elected Oct., 1873; still serving.
H. J. Sherrill, elected March, 1876 f still serving.
The system of rotary eldership was adopted November, 1851, and has
been practiced since that date.
The retirements were occasioned by no causes discreditable to those
withdrawing. The Sabbath School was organized in the hall owned by Col. Walker,
June 6, 1840. Deacon Austin Gardner was its first Superintendent. Mrs.
Mary Gardner, Col. Walker, and Mrs. Alice Walker, were his associate
teachers, and the pupils numbered about twenty -five. Additions were grad
ually made, and soon the names of C.C.Bristol, Bradford Dean, Mrs. Hannah
Blood, Mrs. Annette S. Wright, and Mrs. Louisa M. Fisk, appear as teachers.
In 1843, Deacon, Gardner was removed by death. Mr. Albert Brainerd was
elected his successor, but the responsibility rested upon and was borne more
particularly by Col. Walker, who, from its organization to his death, in July,
L855, was zealous for the prosperity of this Sabbath- school. Mr. Brainerd
was succeeded by N. C. Amsden, some time in 1844. About the first of
January, 1846, H. W. Avery, Jr., was elected Superintendent, and, by re-
elections, was continued until May, 1866, excepting intervals of from a few
months to perhaps a year, which were filled by H. P. Woodworth, E. B.
Conklin, L. B. Danforth, Seymer Gookins, and E. N. Bush. In May,
1866, Dr. D. E. Foote was elected Superintendent, and, by annual re-elec
tions, was continued until May, 1876, when he was succeeded by D. D.
Sabin. In May, 1877, Mr. Sabin declining a re-election, James R. Leonard
was elected, and is at this date the acting Superintendent. There have
been probably more than one hundred and fifty different teachers. The
classes have increased from three or four, at first, to twenty -five, and the
pupils from twenty -five to three hundred and fifty, as perhaps the highest
number ever reported. A marked feature of this school is the attendance
of many adults. Probably one-fourth of the members are classed as adults,
who, with their own. and others' children, together study the regular Bible

MERCHAI BELVIDERE,

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 293
lesson. Nearly all the members of the Sabbath-school are regular attend
ants upon the church service, and the church receives many additional
members from this nursery. The library is usually replenished yearly,
with such books as are considered suitable, while those which have been
read and are in fair condition are gratuitously sent to more destitute
schools in the farther West.
The most important and, in some respects, remarkable revival in the
annals of this organization occurred during the pastorate of Rev. D. R.
Eddy, in the winter of 1864-5. As its fruit sixty-seven persons were re
ceived into covenant on profession.
This church has been notably preserved from internal discord and di
vision, and marked for its love of reformatory movements and faithfulness
to the doctrines of civil and religious liberty.
Biographical. — Rev. Thomas Chalmers Easton, M. A., was born in
Jedburg, Roxburghshire, Scotland, November 12, 1835. He received his
classical education in the Latin School and Nest Academy, under the tui
tion of Burnett, and entered St. Mary's College, at St. Andrews, well quali
fied, and graduated with distinguished honors, class of 1855. He soon
after emigrated to this country, and entered the Congregational ministry,
and in 1868 had his present degree of M. A. conferred by Beloit (Wiscon
sin) College. He has been the pastor of three large churches — his first
charge being the First Congregational Church in South Glastonbury, Con
necticut; his second, the Scotch Church at Argyle, Winnebago County, Il
linois, and his present charge, the First Presbyterian Church, Belvidere.
During the years 1860-1, he served as Chaplain to the Legislature of New
York, and was identified with the Abolition movement, debating largely
the " Personal Liberty Bill," in company with Hon. Gerritt Sniith, Fred.
Douglass, and others, who viewed these important political subjects from
the same standpoint as Mr. Easton. He is well known as a lecturer, and
takes the deepest interest in all philanthropic and educational reforms, and
is greatly beloved by his present congregation.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
Where has Methodism not been carried % From a little class organized
by John Wesley in London, England, in 1739 ; persecuted and hunted from
place to place, their numbers increasing from month to month, from year
to year, they now rank first, in point of numbers among the civilized people
of the world. There is no limit to the industry and earnestness of this
people. Wherever it has been possible to reach mankind at home and
abroad, there the truths taught by the followers of John Wesley have been
carried. It has made the dark places light, and opened the pathway of
peace to millions of benighted souls. No sluggard can be a Methodist.
That organization tolerates no drones ; and its system is so perfect, that
each part of its working machinery is in full harmony with the other.
These people follow their plan of evangelization as regularly as the sun fol
lows its orbit. No plummet was ever truer to the line than are the Metho
dists to their work. Not only is industry a pre-requisite to a good
Methodist, but courage as well, particularly to the ministry. When once
one's mind is made up to enter that sacred calling, friends, kindred, home,
and if needs be, country, must be sacrificed to the duty embraced, and
wherever work is to be done, there must he go. It may be to missionary
service in the remotest islands of the sea — a backwoods or a prairie mission or

294 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
circuit, with perhaps the appointments a day's journey or a week's journey
apart — the settlements sparse, the labor great and the prospect of earthly
reward exceeding small. Hunger, exposure, persecution are in the way,
but Methodism smiles at these as it sings its hosannas of praise, and shouts
its paeans of defiance at the bulwarks of the tempter. In the character of the
pioneer Methodist ministers— circuit riders, like Peter Cartright, or Ken
tucky's Findley, there is something grand, and touchingly .sublime. But
these are only two of tens of thousands, the memory of whose character,
courage, self-denial and devotion to the cause of the Master and the salva
tion of souls, lives as a monument in the minds of every true follower of
the Author and Finisher of men's faith.
Early in the field everywhere, they followed close on the heels of the
early immigrants to the prairies of the Kishwaukee, chanting their songs
of praise and shouting defiance at all obstacles between them and the
accomplishment of the work they were commissioned to do.
As a general rule, their missionaries go ahead to spy out the land and
look after the spiritual needs of the early pioneers. Later comes the circuit
rider with his saddle-bags, Bible and hymn book, and thus, step by step,
their good work is prosecuted.
The history of Methodism in Northern Illinois shows that the first class
formed within the bounds of the Rock River Conference was at Galena, in
1829 ; the second at Plainfield, the same year ; the third at Chicago, in
1831. At the next year's conference, Zadoc Hall was sent to explore the
country, and form a new circuit west of the Illinois River and north of
Peoria. His charge was called the Peoria Mission, and was larger than the
entire conference is now. The Ottawa circuit was formed from the north
ern part ot the Ottawa, in 1833, and the Belvidere circuit cut from the
Ottawa circuit two or, three years later.
The following list comprises the preachers in charge to the present time
(September, 1877): 1838, Jesse Walker; 1839, N. Jewett; 1840, — Bray-
ton; 1841, Jas. McKean; 1842, R. A. Blanchard; 1843, M. Decker; 1844-5,
R. A. Blanchard; 1846, Wesley Latin; 1847, Geo. Lovesse; 1848, W. Wil
mot; 1849, R. Beatty ; 1850, M. Decker; 1852-4, Thos. North; 1856, L.
Anderson; 1857, S. Stover; 1859, C. S. McReading; 1860, S. F. Denning;
H. Crew, P. E.; 1861, S. F. Denning; R. A. Blanchard, P. E.; 1862, F. A.
Read; 1863, H. Atchison; 18C4-6 Geo. J. Bliss; H. L. Martin, P. E.
Since then the preachers have been : 1867, J. C. Stoughton, 1st church,
176 members; S. Cates, 2d church, 55 members. 1868, E. W. Adams, 1st
church; S. A. Cates, 2d church, W. A. Willing, P. E. 1869, W. H. Fisher,
1st church; S. Cates, 2d church. 1870, W. H. Fisher, 1st church; W. H.
Wilkinson, 2d church. 1871, W. H. Fisher, 1st church, 148 members; R.
A. Blanchard, 2d church, 110 members. 1872, — Newton, 1st church; J.
O. Ogden, 2d church, W. A. Gray, P. E. 1873, W. H. Haight, 1st church;
J. O. Odeers, 2d church. 1874, W. H. Haight, 1st church/ J. O. Odgers,
2d church; 1875, W. H. Haight, 1st church; W. T. Shaw, 2d church; 1876,
N. H. Axtell, 1st and 2d churches.
April 29, 1866, the following persons took letters from the church, and
organized the Second (South Belvidere) Methodist Episcopal Church:
G. Chamberlain, H. Nicholson, N. Nicholson, A. Howard, L. Howard,
G. D. Smith, E. Smith, B. B. Hovey, M. J. Boyce, J. Danforth, E. Esta-
Brook. M. S. Chamberlain, H. Chanahim, M. S. Bassett, S. A. Banks, P.
Burton, R. Swail, H. Cornell, C. Cornell, E. Allbright, H. Bennett, H. Pas.
tee. L. Anderson was made pastor.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 295
In the year 1850, the brick church was dedicated, then the finest house
of worship in the city. This people first occupied, as a place of worship,
the second story of a frame building that had been commenced by a Mr.
Fisk, on the Rockford road between Belvidere and Beaver Creek; but after
being raised was pulled down and removed to Belvidere and erected at
the corner of State and Perry streets, opposite the present residence of Mrs.
John K. Towner. At a later period, they moved into a building erected
by Dr. Whitney for a law office, on the rear end of the lot now occupied by
the Presbyterian church, and which they occupied one winter, when they
moved into a building that had been erected on State street (now occupied
as a residence by Mrs. Wilbur) by J. G. Saxton, for a hardware store for
Nijah Hotchkiss. They continued to occupy this place until they had pur
chased the site of their present church, and erected a small framed house
thereon,where they remained until their present house of worship was built.
The interests of the town growing more favorable to the South Side,
that church has become the strong one. Its Sabbath-school is the largest
and most prosperous in the city. It has the singular honor of having
thirty-three per cent, of its scholars entitled to diplomas for perfect lessons
for the entire yepr. That number having been perfect also in rigid exam
ination upon the year's study. Prof. I. B. Gibson is the superintendent at
present. Biographical. — Rev. N. H. Axtel came to take charge of the two
churches, from the Park Avenue Church, Chicago. He was born in Penn
sylvania, in 1836, and entered Allegheny Preparatory School in 1848.
Then, after spending two years in the South and West, returned to college
and graduated in 1860. Being elected to a professorship in Willoughby
College, he spent one year there and the next two years in Evanston, teach
ing in the Northwestern University, and completing a course of Divinity
in Garrett Biblical Institute. Since entering the ministry, his appoint
ments have been Princeton, Galena, Aurora, Mendota, Elgin, Park Avenue
— Chicago, and Belvidere. He is represented as a close student, a deep
thinker, a ready and logical speaker, and sincere piety. '
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN IMMANUEL CHURCH.
«
In 1868, the Rev. A. Wagner, of Chicago, occasionally came to Belvi
dere, rendering sermons to the German Lutherans of the town and vicinity.
Early in 1869, about twenty families were organized as a congregation, and
sent a call to Rev. Phil. Estel, which was accepted. Services were held at the
court house, and in private residences. In time, Mr. Estel accepted a call
to another field, and services were rendered to the congregation by sur
rounding ministers, until in 1873, Rev. William Heinrauf accepted a call as
pastor of the congregation. In 1875 the congregation succeeded in buying
the former Congregational church, a frame building 50x30 feet, 20 feet
high, surmounted by a steeple 40 feet in height. The church was conse
crated the 25th of. July, 1875, after being thoroughly repaired and re
furnished. In July, 1877, Rev. Heinrauff removed to Missouri, and was
succeeded in the pastorate by Rev. C. F. Th, Eissfeldt, who was installed
August 12th.
The congregation has a present membership of forty-six. Services are
held every other Sunday at 10 : 30 o'clock a. m. ; Sunday-school from 12 to
1 o'clock p. m. From November to April, a school is taught by the pastor,
which is sustained by the congregation.

296 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
The names of the original members of this church are: J. Suhr, J. H.
Buhmeyer, Fr. Sturm, G. Gierhahn, F. Reimer, J. Watomann, John Berg,
Chr. Grawe, J. Wesebaum, H. Kraft, J. Wascher, C. Johannis, John Riedel,
C. Gahlbeck, A. Sander, John Sturm, C. Marske, Chr. Johannis, J. Weber,
A. Lettow, S. Luhmann, J. Piehl, H. Streage — 23. •
THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH.
Among the other people that settled here in the early times were a
few representatives of this branch of the church. As jealous of their be
lief as the others were of theirs, they secured occasional preaching as oppor
tunity offered. Rev. Seth Barnes, who was settled at Rockford, made occa
sional visits to Belvidere, and preached here as early as 1838. The meet
ings were held whenever a suitable building could be secured. Sometimes
they were held in Towner's Hall, sometimes in some of the church edifices,
and often in private houses, and were generally well attended. Mr. Barnes
continued these meetings for about one year, when he removed from Rock
ford, finally locating at St. Anthony (now East Minneapolis), where he
continued preaching until his death some years later. Before his removal
to Minnesota, however, he assisted in establishing the Better Covenant, a
newspaper devoted to the interests of his church. Subsequently the name
of the paper was changed to the New Covenant, and continues to be pub
lished under that name at Chicago.
Until 1853, the Belvidere Universalists only had occasional services,
conducted by diflerent preachers. The first day of August, 1853, the first
regular organization was effected. That meeting was held at the court
house, and under the direction of Rev. T. S. Bartholomew, the First Uni
versalist Society ot Belvidere was fully organized. Jeremiah Phillips was
chosen as church clerk, Peter Payne treasurer, and Charles McDougal, Sim
mons Terwilliger and Timothy Lewis, trustees for the society. - The names
of the parent members of the society were :
Timothy Lewis, Chas. McDougal, John W. Mack, Simmons Terwilli
ger, Jeremiah Phillips, Peter Payne, T. S. Bartholomew, Chas. E. Drake,
Sherman E. Lewis, David Beebe, Eben Hammond, Selva Mack, Cephas
Gardner, Enos Walker, J. R. Murphy, Elisha Leach, F. A. Hull, H. C. De
Munn, S. S. Stroud, W. C. Tuttle, Hannah Morse, H. J. Doolittle, Mary
Curtis, Almira Lewis, Martha Drake, Emeret Lewis, Nancy Beebe,
Angenett Merrill, Elizabeth White, Melissa Payne, Emily Kandy, N. A.
Hull, Wm. Perkins, Fanny McDougal, Esther E. Doolittle, B. N. Fox, J.
J. Waterman, L. C. Waterman, L. J. Cohoon, H. A.- Cohoon, Nathaniel
Bancroft, E. A. Bancroft, E. M. Rogers, S. M. Cook and JN . G. Trij.p— 45.
After the organization of the society, their meetings were held in the
old Baptist church building, (which had been purchased by Alexander
Neely for a school-house) at the corner of Van Buren and East streets, and
which they afterwards purchased, together with the ground on which it
stood. In 1862, the society commenced to build a new house, and one in
keeping with the character of the surroundings. It is a very handsome
frame building, with stone foundation, and a seating capacity for two hun
dred persons. ' With the grounds, it cost about $3,000.
Mr. Bartholomew remained as pastor of the society about two years,
and was succeeded by Rev. R. G. Hamilton, who remained three years. He
in turn was succeeded by Rev. A. B. Ellis, wbxr labored with them about
the same length of time. Under his pastorate, in 1865, a re-organization

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. j 297
of the society was effected. The next pastor was Rev. W. S. Ralph. The
next pastors in succession were Rev. J. J. Austin, who remained two years ;
Rev. S. A. Holt, noi quite one year, when he resigned. Until a permanent
pastor could be secured, arrangements were made by which Rev. D. M.
Reed, of Rockford, preached for them every alternate Sabbath. This supply
continued about six months, when Rev. H. Slade, of Elgin, was called to
the pastorate of the society, filling the pulpit for one year. Rev. H. W.
Harrington came next, and remained two years, closing his pastorate
April 1, 1876.
Since Mr. Harrington retired, the society has been without a
pastor, but its organization is kept up, and the pulpit occasionally supplied
by Rev. D. M. Reed.
Their Sabbath-school was first organized in 1854, by Mrs. T. S. Bar
tholomew, and re-organized in 1861, with Mrs. Bartholomew as superin
tendent. In 1865 another organization of the school was accomplished.
At this time the school numbered one hundred scholars and fourteen teach
ers, and had a library of 300 volumes. At the last organization, Rev. Bar
tholomew was chosen superintendent. The present trustees of the society
are D. E. Moulton, William Weed and S. Terwilliger; Charles Carpenter,
clerk and treasurer. CHRISTIAN CHURCH.
When the Towners came to the Kishwaukee, in 1835, they brought
with them the doctrines and faith taught by Alexander Campbell, the
founder of the Christian (often synically called the Campbellite) Church.
This people, although liberal in their sympathies and regard for the other
denominations, are as closely wedded to their faith as are the Methodists,
the Baptists, or the Presbyterians, to theirs. And it is not strange that
such representatives as Mr. and Mrs. Towner should seek the earliest op
portunity to establish the doctrines of their church among the others that
have grown up in Belvidere.
The first minister to proclaim the doctrines of this branch of the
Church to the people of Boone County was Elder Walworth, in 1838. He
is represented, to have been a preacher of great power and eloquence, as
well as of great worth and piety. Under his ministrations, the Christian
society was organized and put in the way of usefulness. The owner at one
time of the old Newton Academy building, spoken of elsewhere, he used it
as a place of worship. While laboring here, he was a correspondent for
the Unitarian papers, and by this means made the acquaintance of Rev.
Mr. Conant, a Unitarian minister and educator. This acquaintance re
sulted in bringing Mr. Conant to Belvidere, and he finally succeeded Elder
Walworth in the ownership of the Academy building and pastorate -of the
Christian society. Elder Walworth, being recognized as a great evangelist,
had frequent calls to other fields, but, during such absences, his Belvi
dere pulpit was filled every alternate Sabbath by Mr. Conant. Elder Wal:
worth is now located in Green County, Wisconsin.
About 1841-2, Elder William Roberts came and assumed the place
Elder Walworth had filled so satisfactorily, and continued to preach the
truths of his church until failing health compelled his resignation, some
time iu the year 1843. A writer in the Herald of Gospel Liberty, under
date of August, 1877, in referring to the early life of Elder Roberts, holds
this language: "After dedicating himself to the labor of the ministry, his

298 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
labors, which were somewhat itinerant, were directed for a time to the little
hamlet two miles from my father's — now DeLancy — where a blessed and
extensive work of grace crowned his efforts. Much of, the time, for per
haps a year or more, he labored among us, and in all his intercourse with
the people his bearing was such as to hold the love and respect his first
labors had won. Being still unmarried, it is somewhat remarkable, per
haps, and also, a fact to be thankful for, that no shadow of flirtation was
ever known of him, and no one of the many young lady converts ever be
trayed the least indiscretion in relation to him that I ever heard of. The
' holy kiss,' which I fear has given too much latitude to some cordial, un-
sanctified natures, was limited in his case, I fully believe, to greetings of
my father. This they ever exchanged on meeting after a few weeks' separ
ation, and I wish that all who practice obedience to the Apostolic injunc
tion in this matter could as certainly know it to be the ' holy kiss '¦ as I be
lieve were these greetings of my father and his ' dear little elder.' I have
heard my father say he was one of the very few he had known who never,
to all human appearance, had an hour's declension from his first love.
* The last meeting he attended among us was very much
like the one recorded in the last chapter of Acts. It continued five hours."
Arthur Fuller came next after Elder Roberts, and he, likewise,
through the help of his sister, Miss Margaret Fuller, became the owner of
the Academy building. He remained two years, as teacher and preacher.
After his resignation, Rev. J. L. Towner, son of John K. Towner, who had
graduated from college, preached to the Christian society; and whenever
Elder Walworth could find time from other more needy fields he would
come and preach to his people. Thus were the meetings kept up until
Elder William Bradley came, in January, 1853. Under the ministration
of this divine the church was wonderfully blessed. Until his coming, no
decisive measures had been undertaken tor the erection of a church build
ing, but he soon set about this enterprise, and in June, 1856, says Mrs.
Towner, their church edifice was completed and dedicated. Elder Bradley
remained in this charge until 1858, when he resigned the pastorate. He is
now preaching in Boston.
Next in the succession came Elder Adams, through the remainder of
1859-'60, and^then went to California. Elder Watson, from New Hamp
shire, a young man of excellent"qualificationsy succeeded Mr. Adams, and
remained four or five years. He is now located at Troy, Miami County,
Ohio, and is recognized as one of their ablest and most worthy preachers.
About this time the society began to lose its strength and influence,
by reason of the removal of members to Iowa and other new homes — some
times as many as twenty of them going at one time.
Elder Linscott was the last regular pastor of the society. He was a
most industrious and zealous worker. During his pastorate, about eighteen
months, he preached to three congregations almost every Sunday — at Bel
videre in the morning, to the Bonus Prairie congregation in the afternoon,
and at Capron in the evening. His labors carried the society up to
1863-4, when it had become too weak to support a pastor, and
it gave up the field as an organized church body. Their church build
ing has passed into other hands, but is still occupied as a house of worship.
Only a few of the old members still remain here. Among these is Mrs.
Towner, relict of John K. Towner, who died November 7, 1861. Mrs.
Towner, though far advanced in life, is hale and vigorous, and the last

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 299
female representative of the Belvidere settlers of 1835. In fact, she is the
mother — an honored and respected one — of the city. Her son, Elder John
L. Towner, of whom, mention has been made in the course of this church
sketch, is located at Industry, McDonough County, doing a work of use
fulness. EPISCOPAL CHUUCH.
This church organized in 1847. Members — Mr. and Mrs. Albert
Neely, Mrs. Margaret Keith, Mr. Nijah Hotchkiss, Miss Alma Hotchkiss,
Mr. George Dean, Mrs. A. F. Moss, and Mr. and Mrs. George Williams.
Clergymen — Rev. Alfred Louderback, Rev. S. D. Pulferd, Rev. J£. B.
Tuttle, Rev. Mr. Waterbury, Rev. La Bagh, Rev. W. H. Cooper, Rev. W.
H. Couch, Rev. W. H. Yeator, Rev. W. H. Partmus, Rev. W. H. Eddy.
Owing to loss of church records by fire a full history cannot be given.
FREE METHODIST CHURCH.
The Free Methodist congregation has a small but very neat church
edifice, and regular services, by Rev. E. C. Best. Their Sabbath-school is
in a prosperous condition, and the members of the society earnest, indus
trious workers in their church's interest. Unable to gather the data for a
more extended notice of this society, we present the following lines from
the pastor, which explains itself and justifies the brevity of this sketch:
" City, Sept. 20. — Dear Sir: I find it impossible for me to give a' full
history of our church here, as I can not get the records prior to about
1865 or 1868, for a few days at least. Respectfully yours, "E. C. Best."
This note was in answer to one written to Mr. Best, after .two or
three visits to the parsonage and finding him absent, asking for informa
tion about his church society, etc.
catholic church.
The Catholics have a very handsome church edifice and good congre
gation, but in consequence of the absence of the priest on a visit to Europe,
it was impossible to obtain any data relating the church's history, although
repeated efforts to accomplish that end were made, hence the brevity of
this sketch. GERMAN EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION.
This people have a small church edifice, and a membership of fifty
persons. Their society was organized about 1867, with not to exceed ten
persons as members. Rev. L. Keller is their present pastor, who preaches
to the congregation every alternate Sunday. Their Sabbath-school num
bers from thirty-five to forty scholars, and six teachers; Charles Fritz,
Superintendent.
PUBLIC LIBRARY.
The only library in Belvidere is that, nnder the management of the
ladies, known as the Belvidere Library Society.
It was first organized in 1851, continued four or five years, and then,
owing to some trouble with the acting librarian, was abandoned.
In May, 1874, a few ladies, feeling the need of some organization look
ing to literary culture and advancement, collected what books could be

300 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
found belonging to the old society — some 120 volumes in all — and formed
the present society.
It is, like the old one, a subscription library, and has at the present
time (1877) one thousand volumes, has been tendered the use of a lot, the
gift of a small building which is being fitted up, and so, struggling on by
littles, the ladies hope that the time is not far distant when the voters of
the town, realizing the necessities of the case, may be induced to take the
matter into their hands and by a tax under the state law, make of it a free
public library, to which the intelligence and general enterprise of the
people entitle them.
Officers: — President, Mrs. M. G. Leonard; Secretary, Miss M. E. Dun
ton; Treasurer, Mrs. Dr. F. S. Whitney; Librarian, Miss N. G. Rice;
Trustees, Mrs. O. H. Wright, Mrs. J. M. Glasner, Mrs. R. Roberts, Mrs.
M. M. Rutger, Miss S. M. Mundy.
PUBLIC HALLS.
*
Public halls in the early days of Belvidere were not so much of an
object as the erecting of houses and offices of immediate necessity. But
as time wore on, and Belvidere increased in population and importance,
halls began to be erected. Some of these were very commonplace ones, but
served their purpose well in their time. Among the first to be designated
by the name of a hall, was the upper, part of the Big Thunder Hotel,
erected by Mr. Towner, in 1838. This hall was in demand for religious
meetings, lectures, public meetings, etc., until Alexander Neely prepared
one in the brick block at the northwest corner of State and Mechanic
streets. The Walker building, commenced by Mr. Molony and completed
by Col. Joel Walker, on the corner occupied by Greenlee Brothers, also
afforded a hall in its time. The memory of some other halls of early
presence might be resui'rected, but they have all passed away and out of
usefulness, and as the people became richer and prouder, better and finer
ones were planned to succeed them. Pride doeth many things, and has
built two halls in Belvidere in which any people might take pride.
Union Hall. — This hall is located in Union block, at the foot of State
street, North Belvidere. The erection of the block of buildings of which
it forms a part, was commenced in the spring of 1868, and completed in
the fall of 1869. The hall proper is the property of a joint stock com
pany, and cost $15,000. The main floor is supplied with one thousand
chairs, and the gallery is provided with raised seats for five hundred persons.
Besides, there are dressing rooms, a kitchen, and other conveniences that
render it one of the most popular halls west of Chicago. Its interior fin
ish is in good taste, and in keeping with the spirit that prompted its erection.
Adelphi Hall. — This hall is situated in South Belvidere, in what is
known as the "Adelphi Block." The block of buildings in which it is
located was built in 1864, by a joint stock company, and cost $15,000.
The hall has seating accommodations for eight hundred persons. It is well
finished, and in every respect first-class.
STATE STREET BRIDGE.
The first bridge built across the Kishwaukee river at the State street
crossing was a wooden structure, in 1837. In 1840 the largest freshet ever
known in the Kishwaukee valley came and carried it away. Another

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 301
wooden bridge was erected, which stood until 1845, when it was likewise
carried away by a flood. That in time was succeeded by a covered bridge,
built by the county. William H. Gilman and Cornelius Cline were the
contractor and builder. That bridge was built on bents, as it was supposed
at that time that in consequence of the quicksand bottom, piles would be
of no avail. In 1867 that bridge was condemned as unsafe, when it was
torn down and replaced by the present wrought iron bridge. The contract
for its erection was awarded, August 5, 1867, to L. E. Truesdell & .Co.
Tne bridge is known as the Truesdell patent. It was completed in Novem
ber, 1867, at a cost of $15,115: The cost of its construction was covered
by bonds, issued by authority of the corporation of Belvidere. These
bonds have since been paid off, and no. debt contracted for any purpoBe
hangs over the tax payers of the corporation.
MANUFACTURING.
This branch of industry has never been prosecuted to any great extent.
The moneyed men, capitalists, and property owners — men that ought to
have been more directly interested in such enterprises than any other class,'
seem to have been more intent upon investing their money in loans at a
good rate of interest — "ten per cent.," as their terms are ironically spoken
of — than in aiding enterprises that would have had a tendency not only to
increase the population by attracting operatives and capital, but in center
ing here a large trade that the building of manufacturing enterprises at
other places has taken away. The business houses of Belvidere are sus
tained almost exclusively by the farmers of the county. There are no
manufactories of any kind that give employment to more than a half-dozen
men, and of these very few. And these few manufacture only to accom
modate home demand. There is no good reason why woolen mills, cotton
mills, manufactories of wooden implements, wagons, and everything else
v needed by farmers at home and abroad should not be maintained here as
well as in, many other localities in the state. They would prove as profita
ble here as elsewhere, and it has been a great oversight not to encourage
them. But it is not our province to criticise the judgment, theory, or
practice of this people on this or any other subject of local economy.
However, it is but truth to add that nearly every plow, wagon, harrow, hay
rake, chair, table, and every other thing down to a broom used on the farm
or in the house, is imported from foreign points. A large average of broom
corn is annually grown in the county, but instead of being manufactured
here the largest part of it is sold to other points, made into brooms, and
shipped back at the cost of the final purchaser. So of wool, etc.
The nearest^approaches to the establishment and maintenance of man
ufacturing industries have been through individual enterprise and industry,
and these may be briefly summarized.
S. Longcor's „Plow Works were established in 1840. He makes a
specialty of Longcor's Iron Beam Plows, Longcor's Silver Medal Stirring
Plows, and Sod and Stubble Plows; also, Longcor's Improved Two-horse
Cultivator and Pulverizer. He is an energetic citizen, and had he received
that material encouragement the moneyed men were able to bestow — such
encouragement as capitalists in other places extended to other mechanics
and manufacturers — would have been able to manufacture thousands of
these implements where he now makes but hundreds, and to give employ-.
ment to hundreds of men where he now employs but one or two,

302 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
Pump Works. — The pump works of Junia Morse were established in
1857. He manufactures all kinds of wooden pumps, which find ready pur
chasers among the farmers of the county. His trade is strictly local.
Carriages, Buggies, etc. — In 1857, Woodruff & Dawson commenced
the manufacture of carriages, buggies, etc., and employ six operatives.
Their sales are not exclusively local, the character of their workmanship
and finish having established for them a good reputation abroad.
E. J. Leach, wagon maker, established himself here in June, 1864,
after coming out of the army. He has given employment to six men. He
is a good mechanic, and ought to have been so encouraged as to now be
able to employ a large number of workmen. In connection with his wood
working department, he has a blacksmith and repair shop. His shops are
sufficiently capacious to employ fifteen men.
J. List is also a manufacturer of wagons and carriages, commencing in
1855. He gives employment to five men.
J. V. Wing's carriage manufacturing establishment was commenced in
1849, and is the oldest of the kind in Belvidere.
J. H. Fellows' pump and machinery repair works were established in
1856. Pump making and machinery repairs are his specialties. In busy
seasons he employs five men.
These complete the list of anything approaching the dignity of manu
facturing establishments, unless we include the Butter Factory. This
establishment was built in 1867, by Messrs. Terwilliger & Partridge, at a
cost of $6,000, and was originally intended for a cheese manufactory. It
was devoted to this business about eight years, making annually about
200,000 pounds. In 1870, Mr. Terwilliger sold his interest in the estab
lishment to the present management, who are engaged in the manufacture
of Butter. The Big Thunder Mills might also be mentioned. This mill was
built in 1845, by Alexander Neely and Harvey D. May, at a cost of $20,000.
It has a capacity of one hundred barrels of flour per day. This property
is now owned by L. Pitkin.
The first mill built here, in 1836, of which previous mention has been
made, went down, before the demands of an increased and increasing popu
lation, in a few years, and in 1845 the present Baltic Mills, of Martyn,
were erected by the Crosby Company, at a cost of $12,000. O. B. Der
thick had charge of the mechanism.
The Belvidere Brewery was erected in 1854, by E. Whitforth, at a
cost of $10,000. Its capacity is twenty barrels per day. It is now (Sept.,
1877) operated by John Waldock.
One of the most ingenious mechanics is Mr. Charles Carpenter, a
cabinet maker. He had on exhibition at the county fair a small box, 14
inches long, 9 inches wide, and 7 inches deep, that was a marvel of curiosity
and handiwork. Thirteen diilerent varieties of wood, and 3,927 distinct
and separate pieces were used in its make up. '
LODGES, ASSOCIATIONS, ETC.
Belvidere Lodge No. 60, A. F. & A. Masons.— Organized in 1847.
Chartered by Grand Lodge, October 4, 1848.
Charter Members. — Alfred E. Ames, First Master; Orris Crosby, Ni-
jah Hotchkiss, Lucius Fuller, Amos Witter, Asa Williams, Hezekiah Rip
ley, Joseph G. Prentiss. All dead.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 303
Present Officers.— Q. B. Loop, W. M.; C. L. Smith, S. W.; G. H.
Hurlbut, J. W.; George W. Downs, Treas.; S.H. Moss, Sec; E. B. Sher
man, S. D.; O. Barnes, J. D.; W. H. Bennett, S. S.; Will Williams, J. S.;
D. Wilcox, Tyler. Eighty-five members. Meet first. and third Mondays
in each month.
Kishwaukee Chapter No. 90, R. A. Masons. — Organized in 1865.
Chartered October 5, A. D. 1866.
Charter Members. — A. W. Burnside, John B. Mulliken, Nijah Hotch
kiss, Cephas Gardner, Charles B. Loop, Geo. W. Downs, Stephen A. Hurl
but, George B. Ames, L. E. Benson, W. C- Detrick, Nathan Smedley, Wm.
D. Avery, D. D. Sabin, A. C. Fuller. Now numbers about fifty members.
Present Officers.— A. W. Burnside, H. P.; C. B. Loop, K.; C. E. Kel
sey, S.; G. H. Hurlbut, P. S.; G. B. Ames, Sec. Meet first and third
Wednesdays in each month.
Both societies are in flourishing circumstances, and occupy the whole
third story of the brick block, corner of State and Mechanic streets. Their
hall is beautifully furnished and is spacious and pleasant.
i. o. o. F.
Big Thunder Lodge No. 28. Organized April 28, 1847. Charter
members: Daniel Hornell, B. A. J. Crosby, N. W. llirge, E. G. Wolcott,
J. S. Whitney. Present officers: George Williamson, N. G.; D. J. Edge
comb, V. G.; E. H. Reynolds, Sec; Wm. Haywood, Treas.; Wm. Robin
son, P. G. J.; George Davy, Warren; H. T. Lake, Conductor; Jas. Morse,
R. S. N. G.; Jacob Seibert,L. S. N. G.; M. C. Morse, R. S. V. G.; John
Barney, L. & V. G.; L. C. Lewis, R. S. S.; H. W. Ames, L. S. S.; W.
Manin, I. G.; Geo. W. Dean, O. G. This order has ninety members.
Regular meetings, Saturday evening of each week.,
GOOD TEMPLARS.
The Star in the West Lodge, No.,421, I. O. of G. T., was organized
Dec. 7, 1874, with a membership of thirteen, and is the only temperance
organization in successful operation in the city. This lodge has adopted
the same name, and uses the same seal and fixtures which were used by the
Good Templars' Lodge instituted Jan. 28, 1862, and was successfully con
ducted until 1868, and at one time was the most popular social organization
in the city. The present lodge has a membership of fifty-nine, a number of
whom have been reclaimed from the evils of intemperance, and are now
respected by the community. The following are the present officers of the
lodge: J. G. Stevens, L. D.; Colby M. Avery, W. C. T; Stella Foote, W.
V. T.; E. S. Pepper, W. S.; T. L. Ray, W. A. S.; Jas. Smedley, W. F. S.;
Mrs. Mary A. Worf, W. T.; Chas. A. Church, W. M.; Carrie Bush, W. A.
M. ; Zora Graham, W. C. ; Mary Tumeaure, R. H. S. ; Jessie Talbot, L. H.
S.; Lihbie Collier, W. G.; E. Whitworth, W. S.; Wm. Robinson, P. W. C.
T. Regular meetings Monday evening of each week.
THE PRESS.
The Belvidere Republican (Whig) was commenced in 1847, by J. W.
Snow. The press and type were brought from Woodstock. It lived about
two years (until 1849), when it succumbed to fast accumulating debts, like
most ventures of the sort. It is a notorious fact that more money and time
are lost in the attempt to' establish newspapers in new country towns than

304 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
in almost any other undertaking. And this in face of the fact that no other
agency can be made so useful in presenting the advantages, or made so
potent in advancing local interests, as a well-conducted newspaper. But
we are writing history. The last number of the Republican was printed
on brown paper.
The Republican was succeeded by the Belvidere Standard, which was
commenced in 1851, by its present manager and proprietor, Ralph Roberts,
Esq., and is one of the oldest papers in Northern Illinois, (except one in
Galena) having remained nearly twenty-six years under one proprietorship.
The Standard was maintained as an exponent and advocate of Democratic
principles up to the organization of the Republican party in 1856, the pro
prietor, Mr. Roberts, being a delegate to the Bloomington Convention of
that period that nominated Bissell for governor. Since its commencement,
the Standard has had a good circulation, and fair advertising patronage.
Mr. Roberts is a practical printer, of industrious habits, close economist (a
rare virtue among printers), a deep thinker, and a close observer of passing
events. And when fully enlisted upon any question, wields a caustic and
ready pen.
In 1873, Mr. Roberts was appointed by Governor Beveridge as one of
the Illinois Commissioners to the Vienna exposition, but, for reasons
satisfactory to himself, did not honor the appointment by going to the
exposition. Several attempts,were made to establish newspapers in Belvidere, but
only two of them proved successful undertakings — the Standard and the
North- Western. Of these ventures, the following is a record:
Two or three numbers of a weekly paper were issued by Prof. Gower,
about 1859. These were printed in Rockford.
The Belvidere Independent (Rep.), by J. N. Brockway, afterwards
Post-master, for some years.
The Belvidere Union (Rep.), by  Jackson, which weathered the
storm for a year or two.
The Boone County Democrat, by  Wilson, which lived through the
presidential campaign of 1864.
The Boone County Advertiser, by W. H. Cadwell, lived two or three
years, when the office was removed to Rock Falls, where it is used by Messrs.
Cadwell & Tuttle in the publication of the Progress.
The publication of the Daily Index was undertaken by W. C. Coates,
in 1875. It was published two or three months, when the enterprise was
abandoned. . Another small sheet, called Students' Thought Leaves, was undertaken
by J. N. Brockway, but only two numbers were published, and it went to
join its predecessors.
The North- Western was commenced in January, 1867, by E. H. Talbot,
Esq., as editor and proprietor. In 1870, the office, good will, etc., were
purchased by Mr. R. W. Coon, by whom the paper is still continued. This
paper was first printed in rooms over George B. Ames' store. In 1869, the
office was removed to Charles Dean's building, near the railroad track. In
1875, it was again removed, and at last found a resting place in commodi
ous and elegant quarters in Sabin's building, at the head of State street.
The business of the paper has been carefully and judiciously managed, and
as a local newspaper, it ranks well among its contemporaries in Northern
Illinois. It has always enjoyed a large subscription and job patronage,

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 305
The office is well fitted up with presses, type, etc. It is republican in
politics.
HOTELS.
The first hotel was Doty's " Belvidere House," a small log house erected
in the fall of 1835. The next season (1836) he built a larger one, on the
lot occupied by Williams' drug store. The flooring used in his first house
was the first sawed lumber ever hauled from Chicago to Gen. Scott's cross
ing of the Kishwaukee. Since then Mr" Doty has kept hotel almost con
tinuously,1 following State street down to the river, and finally crossed it,
and keeping the old name, is now located just south of the bridge.
In 1838, John K. Towner built a hotel near the present site of the resi
dence left to his widow. That was christened the "Big Thunder Hotel,"
and the wooden sign bearing the name of the house was surmounted by a
big sheet-iron Indian. The opening was a grand affair, and attended by
all the elite of the city, as well as by guestsrfrom abroad. In time that
gave way and others followed.
During the summer of 1842, the American House, a two-story frame ,
was built by William H. Gilman. In November or December it was opened
with great eclat by B. F. Lawrence and H. C. Walker. At the time it was
the grandest hotel between Chicago and Freeport and Galena. The opening
was in keeping with the house. Guests were present from Chicago (among
whom were Long John), Freeport, Elgin, Sycamore, etc. Lawrence and
Walker continued as mine hosts for about a year, when they retired. The
present proprietor is William Anderson, who is now under his third lease.
He first occupied it in 1861, and continued its management for about one
year, when, in the fall of 1862, he bought the furniture and good will of the
Julien House, where he remained not quite a year, sold out and removed to
Rockford. In 1864 he came back to the American and remained about
three years, when he sold and went to Madison, Wis. In May, 1877, he
found his way back to the old stand, and took a lease of the house for four
years, refurnishing it throughout. The property is owned by ^Terwilliger
and Perkins. The Julien House. — About twenty-five years ago a three-story and
basement brick building 20x40 feet, with an L 25x60, was built at what is
now the corner of State and Main streets, South Belvidere, byta Mr. Mauler,
for hotel purposes. In time, this property passed into the ownership of a
Mr. Downer, of Boston. In August, 1865, Robert J. Traver came here
from Iowa and purchased this property from Mr. Downer, and entered upon
the hotel business. A short time after assuming charge of the Ju
lien, R. J. Tousley married his only child and daughter, and became asso
ciated with him in business. In 1869 the popularity of the house had so
increased that enlarged quarters became necessary, and the erection of the
J resent stone front, 44x72 feet (three stories and basement), was commenced.
n 1870 it was completed and opened at a cost of about $15,000. This ad
dition gave them about seventy-five rooms ahd otherwise enlarged hotel
conveniences. In the spring of 1875, Mr. Traver sold a half interest in
the house to H. J. Sheldon, and the firm became Tousley & Sheldon, Mr.
Traver retiring to the shades of private life.
BANKING INTERESTS.
The First National Bank of Belvidere, Illinois, organized May, 1865.
Capital, one hundred thousand dollars. Allen C. Fuller was elected Presi-

306 HISTORY OF BOONB COUNTY.
dent; B. F. Lawrence, elected Vice President; Newel C. Tomkins, elected
Cashier; James S. Terwilliger, Teller. Allen C. Fuller, B. F. Lawrence,
Mark Ramsey, Wm. S. Dunton, Ezra May, Geo. Waterman, John Yourt,
Isaac T. Witbeck, Newel C. Tomkins, were elected directors.
Jan. 10, 1866, B. F. Lawrence declining a re-election to the office of
vice-president, Mark Ramsey was elected to fill that office.
Feb. 26, 1866, James S. Terwilliger was appointed, assistant cashier,
and John C. Neely, teller.
Jan. 8, 1867, James S. Terwilliger was elected cashier in place of Newel
C. Tomkins, resigned.
Jan. 11, 1867, Allen C. Fuller resigned the office of president.
Feb. 27, 1867, Mr. H. B. Sykes was appointed teller in place of John
C. Neely, resigned.
At a special meeting of the directors held March 14, 1867, Mark Ram
sey was unanimously elected president, Mr. Ramsey declining to accept the
position. At a subsequent meeting held March 25, 1867, Wm. S. Dunton
was elected president.
Sept. 28, 1868, Mr. Irving Terwilliger was appointed teller in place of H.
B. Sykes, resigned, and on April 24, 1871, was appointed assistant cashier.
The present officers of the bank are: William S. Dunton, president;
Mark Ramsey, vice-president; James S. Terwilliger, cashier; Irving Ter
williger, assistant cashier. Directors: Wm. S. Dunton, Mark Ramsey,
James S. Terwilliger, Allen C. Fuller, Edward F. Lawrence, Isaac T. Wit
beck, John M. Glasner, John Yourt, IJzra May.
The average amount of deposits of this bank are much less than they
would be from the fact that the management have rigidly adhered to the
rule of not paying interest on deposits. The annual amount of business
done through the bank cannot be accurately stated, but since its organiza
tion has been many millions.
The stockholders have cause to congratulate themselves upon the suc
cess of the management of the bank, as the losses upon discounts since its
organization have been less than one hundred dollars.
Tost, Lawrence & Co. — This banking house is located in South Bel
videre. The association was organized July 15, 1874, and is composed of
twenty-two members.
The business of this bank is conducted by a board of five directors. The
present directors are Ezra May, J. T. Whitbeck, W. S. Duncan, Mark Ram
sey and J. S. Terwilliger. This board is elected annually.
BELVIDERE CEMETERY.
If the people of Boone County are proud of any one thing more than
another, it is of the order in which the Belvidere cemetery is kept. The
Association was incorporated A. D. 1847 — John K. Towner, Asher E. Jen
ner and William T. Burgess being the incorporate members. The original
cemetery plot was on the north line of the original town plot of Belvidere,
and included about four acres of ground. Since that time two additions
have been made, increasing the area to about fifteen acres, enclosed with a
substantial fence. The grounds are laid off in lots and blocks, divided by
alleys and avenues, and beautifully decorated with evergreens and other
shrubbery, and an experienced florist steadily employed to trim and train
them and keep the grounds in order. Here is evidenced the spirit and
pride of the people by whom it is maintained.
"Sic jacet reqwescat."

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 307

BONUS.
This is a Latin phrase, meaning good, hence the name of this town
ship. Christopher Payne was the first settler in this township. In the
fall of 1835 he came up from Dupage County, and located a claim on
Squaw Prairie, a part of which claim he subsequently (in 1836) sold to
Oliver Hale. Payne had erected a^cabin, and broken an'acre or two of prairie.
This breaking was included in that part of the claim sold to Mr. Hale, and
was probably the first land cultivated in the township. In September,
1836, L. W. Lawrence came in, when he found the following settlers
present: Oliver Hale, O. Sands, Benjamin Sweet, Melvin Schenck, Geo. B.
Ames, John Sponable, David H. Sackett, * James Shinn and Christopher
Payne — ten, all told, including Mr. Lawrence. At that time what is now
called Bonus township was included in the Belvidere precinct. The elec
tions were held in Belvidere, at the house of Simon P. Doty, and the citi
zens went there to vote. Soon after the organization of the county, territory
of Bonus township was erected into a separate precinct, and named Deer
field. By this name it continued to be known until the adoption of the
township organization system, when the name was changed to Bonus. The
first election in the Deerfield precinct for justices of the peace, etc., was
held at the house of John Herbert, and John Lawrence (father of L. W.
Lawrence) and Hiram Stow were elected justices.
The first child born was William Shinn, son of James Shinn. The
first death was that of Billy Ames, in August, 1837. The first school
taught was by JMrs. Lydia Lawrence (mother of L. W.). She deprecated
the idea of children growing up in ignorance and comparative idleness, and
gathered them together in the capacity of a school. The school house was
the shade of a large white oak tree. The seats were the ground. As the
shade shifted, the school house and its furniture was moved, but always
"took up" at the same place. With knitting in hand, giving her services
free, she heard lessons recited. This was the first free school in Boone
"County. The first school house in the township was built of hewed logs,
near the residence of James Shinn, on section seven, in the fall of 1838. In
1841, another school house, was built — a frame one. At a Sunday night
meeting, after preaching, Mr. L. W. Lawrence 'gave notice that on the
Monday evening following a meeting would be held to devise ways and
means to build a school house. At that meeting a sufficient sum was sub
scribed to build the house, and in just two weeks from that_Monday morn
ing, it was completed, and Mr. Lawrence opened school with forty scholars.
That was enterprize. His salary was $12.00 per month, to board himself
and collect his own tuition bills — the school being maintained by private
subscription. The winter of 1837 was a hard one on the settlers in the Lawrence
neighborhood. Provisions were scarce, and money a good deal scarcer.
In the Lawrence cabin, all in one room, seventeen persons domiciled that
winter. Their food for the most part was bean porridge, made without meat
or seasoning of any kind, except a little salt. A crop of potatoes had been
raised, but Dread was a rarity, and flour and corn meal difficult to obtain.
Bonus Township is a Grange stronghold, and one of the niost success
ful Granges in the State is in prosperous working condition. It was

308 BOONE COUNTY WAR RECORD.
organized in the winter of 1873, and is known as Bonus Grange No. 908!
The following are the officers: O. S. Nichols, Master; S. C. Fox, Overseer;
M. W. Poyer, Steward; J. D. Rosekrans, Mrs. O. S. Nichols, Assistant
Stewards; M. K. Avery, Lecturer; A. C. Fassett, Chaplain; J. O. Rose
krans, Gate Keeper; Mrs. M. K. Avery, Ceres; Mrs. J. Cronk, Pomona;
Mrs. M. W. Poyer, Flora; J. J. Roper, Secretary; James W. Porter,.
Treasurer. There are in the township eight school houses and full districts and
four fractional districts. The population is about 1,300.
Garden Prairie is the only village in the township. It is situated on
the Galena division of the C. & N. W. R. R., and is an outgrowth of that
thoroughfare, having been laid off about the time of the completion of that
road, in 1851-2, by David H. Sackett, one of the pioneer settlers. The
present population is about 200. There are two stores, two blacksmith
shops, one wagon shop, a lumber yard, hotel, post-office, and two churches,
Methodist and Congregational. The first Methodist class was organized in
1843, by Rev. R. H. Blanchard, and was composed of Captain Boomer, a
part of his family, and Parmelia Hyde. The class met with a good many
crosses, although it managed to keep up its organization aud had occa
sional preaching by Rev. Mr. Cassidy, and ministers of other denomina
tions. In 1864, the class was re-organized by Rev. A. P. Mead. Mr.
Mead was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Adams, he in turn, by conference rules,
by Rev. S. Cates. In 1868, the Rock River conference, in session at Kanka
kee, appointed Rev. W. P. Jordan to the work. Since then the preachers
in succession have been: Rev. J. A. Lovejoy, Rev. William Clark, Rev.
Edwin Brown, Rev. John Bacon and the present pastor, Rev. Leonard
Clifford. In 1872, the congregation built a church, at a cost of $2,250.
The prime movers in this undertaking were Daniel R. Payne, Jirah Payne,
and G. W. Newell.
The Congregational Church was organized May 8, 1858. Their house
of worship was built in 1860, at a cost of $1,600. The pastors in succes
sion have been : Revs. N. C. Clark, John B. Fairbank, B. M. Amsden, S.
C. Hamson, and D. J. Baldwin.
The Garden Prairie Lodge of Good Templars, No. 115, was organized
June 20, 1877, and bids fair for great usefulness. The lodge numbers
thirty-six members. Their meetings are held on Tuesday evening of each
week.

BOONE.

Under the old organization, this township was included in Beaver pre
cinct. Our sketch of it will of necessity be brief, from the fact of our ina
bility to find the necessary data upon which to base as extended a notice as
we would like. Its settlement commenced in 1836-7. During these years,
however, the immigration was light, but in the latter part of 1837 and
early part of 1838, the increase was rapid. The first settlers in the town
ship of whom we can find any trace were a Mr. Barker, Bradford Dean, and
a Mr. Putney, who located at or near what is now known as Poplar Grove,
on the Madison branch of the Chicago & Northwestern R. R. Mr. Dean
was the first school teac-her, and although the house was just across the line
in what is now Caledonia Township, the most of his pupils belonged in

<yj ^pa^i-^i^i^^^

CAPRON.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 311
Boone. This school is said to have been taught in the winter of 1838-9.
Mr. Dean was also the first Justice of the Peace.
Poplar Grove. — This village was laid out in 1859 by I. Evi Sherman.
A part of the village is in Caledonia Township, and was originally called
Shermantown. The present population is about 200. The business is rep
resented by two stores that keep a general stock of dry goods, etc., one
hardware store, lumber yard, a confectionery establishment, etc, two black
smith and wagon shops, shoemaker shop, hotel, and one grain elevator.
There is a good graded school and two churches. Poplar Grove is quite an
important local shipping point for grain and stock.
In 1842, a Methodist class was organized by Rev. R. A. Blanchard,
and in 1864' a house of worship was erected, costing about 2,000. The
church now has a membership of about sixty persons, and a flourishing
Sabbath-school, of which George Dean is the Superintendent. Rev. G. L.
S. Stuff is present pastor.
April 21st, 1858, a Presbyterian Church was formed in Boone Town
ship. Rev. H. B. Holmes, Rev. Morrison Huggins, committee from the
Belvidere Presbytery, and R. J. S. Emery, missionary, were present, and
conducted the exercises. Bradford Dean, Mrs. Relief Dean, Mrs. .Mary
Cowan, Mrs. Agnes Roe, Mrs. Isabella Maskey, Mrs. Jane Robinson, Mrs.x
Anna Warren, Mrs. Susannah Warren, Richard Warren, William Warren,
George Warren, Henry Warren, Tisdell Dean and John Warren, gave a
relation of their Christian experience, which was satisfactory to the com
mittee, and they were constituted a church society — to be known as the
First Presbyterian (N. S.) of Caledonia. Dean's school house was fixed
upon as a place of worship, because of its convenience to the society. In
1863, the society re-organized under the "manual, usages, principles, and
doctrines of the Congregational Church." At the meeting under which this
organization was effected, Rev. S. W. Champion was Moderator and George
R. Warren, Clerk. That season they inaugurated measures to build a
church, and by the 22d day of June, 1864, the building (30x45 feet) was
completed and dedicated. The dedication services were . conducted as
follows: Introductory prayer, by Rev. Mr. Smith, of the M. E., Church;
sermon, by Rev. Mr. Goodwin, of Rockford; dedicatory prayer, by Rev.
Mr. Thompson, of Belvidere; evening sermon, ,by Rev. Mr. Ray, of
Chicago. .On the 28th of November, Mr. Champlin preached his farewell ser
mon, and was succeeded by Rev. D. W. Comstock, who was followed by
Rev. Levi Wheaton, who continued with the society nearly five years, but
September 20th, 1871, the society "concluded to drop Mr. Wheaton, and
try a student or some one else, and invite hira to supply, if we had no one
else." At a subsequent business meeting of the society a committee was
appointed to draft resolutions of recommendation and present them to Mr.
Wheaton at the close of his pastorate. The next pastor was Rev. M. S.
Hall, who commenced his labors Feb. 18, 1872, and remained until Jan.
19th, 1873. Rev. Mr. Kidder came next; and remained with the society
until his death, in December, 1874. His remains were taken to Beloit,
Wisconsin, for burial. Samuel Kidder (son of the deceased) filled the pulpit
for a few Sabbaths after the death of his father, and on May 30, 1875, he
was engaged for fourteen weeks. Rev. Mr. Wadsworth succeeded Mr.
Kidder. The 5th of January, 1877, their church building was destroyed
by fire, but they immediately rebuilt, at a cost of $2,000, Rev. Mr. Easton,

312 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
of Belvidere, preaching the dedicatory sermon, on Wednesday, September
19, 1877. The society numbers fifty-two members, with a good Sabbath-
school. The society is now known as the First Congregational Church of
Poplar Grove.
Capron is a village of about 300. It has six dry good stores, three
grocery and provision stores, hotel, two good grain elevators, a fine school
house, employing an able corps of teachers, two fine churches, with good
congregations, good Sabbath-schools, etc. There is a Masonic Lodge, in
good working condition. The Capron Independent, a weekly newspaper,
was an experiment of a few years, but did not succeed satisfactorily. As a
shipping point, Capron is a place of local importance. More grain and
stock is shipped from Capron than from any other point in the county
except Belvidere.

CALEDONIA.
Under the old-time regulations, the three present townships of Cale
donia, Boone and LeRoy were known as Beaver precinct. The town of
Manchester was known and designated as Manchester precinct. In August,
1838, David Drake and his brother, Abram Drake, of New Hampshire,
came to the southwest part of Beaver precinct, where each of them located
claims. Previous to that time, there were but few settlers in the precinct,
and none in that part of it now known as Caledonia. Between the 1st of
September and the 31st day of December, 1838, the following named settlers
came in and settled claims: Michael S. Taplin, Abijah Story, Jas. Ramsey,
Thomas Ramsey and Widow Nancy Stevens. January 1, 1839, the popula
tion was about twenty-five persons. During 1839 there were the following
accessions: Enoch O. Garland and family, Allen Carpenter, Dr. Calvin
Cass and family, Philemon DeGroff' and family, Benjamin Guile, Robert
Morgan and family, Isaac; Sewell and wife, Steven Covey and family, John
Bruce and family, John Picken and family, George Picken and family, and
Charles Whiting and family. There may have been others, but before a
record of the old settlers was made, they had moved away, and the date of
their coming is lost. So far as known, the above record covers the popula
tion December 31, 1839. In 1840, immigrants began coming in large
numbers. In 1839 the lands had been opened to sale, and the natural rich
ness and beauty ofthe county attracted the attention of people hunting new
homes. Of the settlers of 1838, Abram Drake and wife, Mrs. Stevens (now
aged seventy-six years), and three sons (one of them in Wisconsin), five of
the Ramsey family, and Michael S. Taplin, only, are living.
In June, 1839, a petition was presented to the County Commissioners'
Court, signed by all the voters in town 45, N., R. 3 East, asking that it be
set off from Beaver precinct, in consequence of the distance voters had to
travel to reach the usual place of holding elections. The prayer of the
petitioners was granted, and the township or precinct designated on the
county record as Caledonia, a name selected by the petitioners. The fiist
election was held at the house of David Drake, on the east half of the south
east quarter of section 34, now owned and occupied by a man named "Winne.
At that election, two justices of the peace and two constables were
elected — Timothy Barker and Abram Drake, and David Drake and Wm.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 313
Streeter were elected constables. Mr. Drake served as justice of the peace
for ten years in succession. During the administration of John Tyler,
as President of the United States,Squire Drake was appointed post-master of
Precinct P. O. — an office established some time about the latter part of
1842 or the beginning of 1843. He held that office for ten years, keeping
the office in his residence, a log house, still standing, and until the Madison
Division of the C. & N. W. R. R. was completed and the office removed to
Caledonia Station. In September, 1841, the township was divided into
four school districts, and numbered one, two, three and four. The school-
trustees at that time were Abram Drake, Edward Hawley and Robert Mor
gan. William Frank was appointed their treasurer. The first school house
was built in District No. 3, and was of logs. At the first enumeration of
children of proper school age in District No. 1, there were 20 ; District No.
2, 11; District No. 3, 30; District No. 4, 26; all told in this township, 87.
The first school taught was in 1841-2, and was supported by private sub
scription. It was kept at the residence of Philemon DeGroff, and Miss
Axie Knox was the teacher. There are now eleven public school houses
and districts in the township, and four fractional districts, that are attached
to other townships for school purposes. There is one church building, the
Little Bethel, in the township. It was built by the Free Methodists, in
1868, but is now owned and occupied by the American Wesleyan Metho
dists. Caledonia village is an outgrowth of the Madison Division of the C.
& N. W. R. R. There are two stores, a few shops, etc., and a good school
building, that also serves the purpose of a church. Caledonia has furnished
but few criminal cases. Only one murder stains its good name. June 28,
1852, Rufus Guile shot and killed Leonard Van Alstine. Guile was arrested,
tried, convicted, and sent to the penitentiary for seven years.
During the ten years that Mr. Drake served as justice of the peace, he
solemnized seventeen marriages. They were in the following order:
Oct. 16, 1840, William Story to Miss Anna Outcalt. This marriage
was in Belvidere township. The groom was a resident of Caledonia, and
the bride lived just across the township line, in Belvidere. Fee, $1.25.
On the 22d of the same month, David R. Gardner and Miss Sarah
Bruce. This was the first marriage in the township. Mr. Gardner is still
living, and clerk of a county court in Nebraska.
Feb. 18, 1841, Albert Holt and Miss Laura Story. Are living at
Stockbridge, Calumet Co., Wisconsin.
Feb. 8, 1845, Wm. Howard and Mrs. Mary Ann Little. These parties
are still living in Caledonia township. At the same time and place, Isaac
Tyson and Miss Mary Postlethwaite. Both deceased, and buried in Belvi
dere cemetery.
March 30, 1845, Christopher Burrell and Mrs. Elizabeth J. Irwin.
Removed to Canada, and still living.
Sept. 19, 1846, Jas. C. Hammond and Miss Fannie J. Turner. Re
moved to Iowa, and still Hving.
Oct. 31, 1846, Amasa S. Ireland and Miss Cynthia Dupuy. This mar
riage was not a happy one, and a separation ensued. Mr. Ireland went to
California, since when all trace of him has been lost. Mrs. Ireland remar
ried, and subsequently removed to Minnesota.
Jan. 27, 1847, Lorin Turneaure and Miss Louisa E. Cline. Removed
to Iowa; subsequently returned to Boone, where Mr. Turneaure died. His
wife is still living.

314 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
Jan. 25, 1S48, Rufus R. Turner and Mrs. Francis R. Knight. Left
Caledonia twenty years ago for the Black River country, Wisconsin; subse
quently removed to Iowa, where they are still living.
Feb. 26, 1848, Davis Bates and Mrs. Clarissa Joshlin. Both died
in Boone County.
April 19, 1848, Rollin G. Story and Miss Charlotte M. Knox. Mr.
Story enlisted in the army, and was run over and killed by a train of cars,
His widow and children removed to and are now living in Iowa.
Oct. 1, 1848, Peter Hostrawser to Miss Mary Dill. Mr. Hostrawser
died a few years after marriage, and his widow removed from the State.
Nov. 15, 1848, Solomon Terwilliger and Miss Esther A. Powell. Re
moved to Iowa ten years ago, where tbey are still living.
March 27, 1849, Orville S. Stevens and Miss Caroline M. Irwin. Mrs.
Stevens died in Caledonia, in the winter of 1876-7. Mr. Stevens still lives
on the old place.
Aug. 12, 1849, Jas. W. Outcalt to Mrs. Electa Ann Gilbert. Mrs.
Outcalt died twenty years ago. Mr. Outcalt re-married, and removed from
the State about two years ago.
Nov. 17, 1849, Henry P. Seldon and Miss Jane Ellis. These parties
were strangers to Mr. Justice Drake. They were en route for Wisconsin,
procured their marriage license at Belvidere as they passed through,
stopped at Mr. Drake's residence, five and a half miles out, and were made
man and wife, started from there on their honeymoon trip, and have never
since been heard of.
The first birth, according to the best sources of information, was a son
to Isaac and Mary Sewell, May 20, 1840. The second was a daughter to
John Erwin, Aug. 3, 1840; and the third, a son to Robt. and Eliza Mor
gan, Nov. 9, 1840.
The first death was that of Solomon Story, which occurred in Decem
ber, 1838, a short time after his settlement in the township.

FLORA.

The name of this township is derived from the primitive beauty of the
landscape. Originally, it was an open, rather undulating prairie. In
spring time it was bedecked and bespangled with myriads of flowers of
every conceivable hue and color — the admiration of every beholder. The
first settlers were Indianans, the later ones from New York and the New
England States. Arthur Blood settled in what is now the township of
Flora in the fall of 1835, and was the first white settler. In 1836, a Mr.
Penwell, A. M. McCoy, a large family by the name of Russell, Abel R.
Blood, the Case family, and Peter Nichols, came in and settled down to
the work of making homes. The first Justice of the Peace was Daniel
Bliss. His successor was Walter Rice. The first Constable was Reuben
Russell. The first school was taught in the winter of 1836-7, by Daniel
Bliss. The building was an i old log house that stood on what is now the
land of R. G.Norton. It was the only school house for many miles
around, and children attended from DeKalb County. Walter Lucas has
the honor of. being the first white child born in the township, but that was
long before the adoption of the township system and while the territory

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 315
was designated as a precinct. His wife, Edna Cushman, was the first fe
male infant to put in an appearance and lay claim to recognition and citi
zenship, and it was only fitting that in later years Mr. Lucas should take
her to wife.
The first religious society was of the Christian denomination, but the
first sermon preached was by Rev. Father Gaddis, at the house of Reuben
Penwell. Father Gaddis was a well known Methodist preacher in the
earlier days of Methodism in this part of Illinois, and his metaory is held
in high esteem, by all the early settlers of the Kishwaukee country, regard
less of religious preferences.
The precinct became a township under the township organization law,
and ranks among the foremost in the point of good morals, obedience to
law, intelligence, etc, in Northern Illinois. It was twenty-five years after
the first settlement' before a single case found its way from that part of
Boone County into the Circuit Court, and only three suits were sent up and
docketed in forty years. What other township can say as much?
As a guard against perambulating depredators, the citizens of Flora
have a vigilance association, and every man watches his neighbor's prop
erty as carefully as he does his own. Wide awake, honest, determined, in
telligent and industrious people, naturally a rich garden spot, it is but rea
sonable that Flora should be what it is — a township of great floral beauty
and attractiveness. In 1859, -the people of Flora Township, and those of North Franklin
Township, DeKalb County, living adjacent to the county line, united and
built a church edifice that is known as the Union Church. The building
is a frame structure, and cost $1,800. The leading men in this under
taking were Alfred Banks, E. J. Pullen, Lewis Keith, John Bailey, Sam
uel McKee, James Farley, and Adam Klein. Elder W. P. Gray preached
the dedicatory sermon. Rev. W. D. Skelton, Methodist Episcopal, at that
time was laboring on that circuit, and Rev. Joseph Gifford, a preacher of
the Free- Will Baptist faith, was the pastor of that people. Rev. JMr. Free
man, a Wesleyan Methodist, was also laboring among the people at the
time, and occupied the building in common with the other denominations.
The present pastors are, Rev. A. H. Scoonmaker, Methodist Episcopal, and
Rev. Mr. Vandoren, Wesleyan Methodist.
Flora Grange, No. 526, was organized June 26, 1873. It has a good
hall, and is in good working order. The officers are: F. I. Hall, W. M.;
F. S. Weber, W. O.; Laura Bowen, W. L.; Samuel Robinson, Steward; W.
I. Graves, W. A. Steward ; Joseph Witter, W. C. ; Lydia Graves, W. Treas. ;
G. H. Graves, W. Sec; Edwin Dean, G. K.; Cassie M. Lambert, Ceres;
Abbie Hall, Pomona; Ella Delavergne, Flora; Ellen Gallagher, Assistant
Steward; Maggie Russell, Chorister. Grange meets every Saturday
night. One thing in Flora excites curiosity. When first settled bowlders or
surface rocks were unknown. As the country has grown older and been
subjected to cultivation, these bowlders have appeared, some of them so
large and heavy that two good horses can not move them. Where did they
come from? Has some internal action of the earth forced them to the
surface? These are questions for scientists tp answer. On the farms of
Messrs. J. V. Draper, J. I. Witbeck, and J. T. Witbeck, many of these
bowlders are to be seen.

316

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.

LEROY.
This township in early times was first .known and designated as Lam-
bertson precinct. The first claims were made by James B. and Jeremiah
A. Lambert, in the fall of 1836. These men were unmarried, and made
their home in Bonus Prairie. The first actual settlers were John Langdon
and family, and his brothers, who settled in a grove at the northeast corner
of Long Prairie, in the fall of 1836, where they built the first cabin in the
township. The wife of John Langdon died in the winter of 1837-8. This
was the first death among the settlers of the township. She was buried in
the corner of the grove. Soon after the Langdons came in, four brothers by
the name of Chamberlain made a claim on Round Prairie, where one of them
(Joseph) is still living. These brothers were all single men, and worked
around wherever they could find work to do. In April, 1837, John
Wright and family also made a claim in Round Prairie, and built the
first house in Round Prairie. Mr. Wright is still living on the same land
where he first settled, at the ripe old age of seventy-eight years. In the
fall of 1837, Levi Hammon and family settled at the southwest part of
Round Prairie, and here in April, 1838, the first sermon preached in the
township, was delivered by Rev. L. S. Walker, of the Methodist Episcopal
church. Mr. Walker continued to preach in the neighborhood every four
weeks for about one year. In the winter of 1838-9 a school house was built
near the residence of Mr. Hammon, in which a school was taught in the
summer of 1839. This school house was also used as a place of worship
for two or three years.
The first election in the precinct was held at the house of John Wright,
in August, 1837. James B. Lambert, John Wright and Allen Carpenter
were judges of the election. Ouly twelve votes were polled, but the polls
were not closed till late in the evening, and it was well on towards morning
of the next day before the votes were counted and the tally sheet made out.
John Wright and James B. Lambert were elected justices of the peace, and
Gibson Wright and Alfred Chamberlain, constables. At the next election
for constables, Ormond Haydon, the owner of the only" horse in the town
ship, and that was a brindled ox, was elected. This ox had been broken to
the saddle, was a fast trotter, making 3 :20 in the slough; and because of the
possession of this animal, he was chosen as constable.
The first church was built by the Methodist Episcopal society, in 1862,
at Union Corners, at a cost of $2,500. It will seat about three hundred
persons. It is a good building, the only church edifice in the township, a
credit thereto, as well as to the people that built and maintain it.
The first post-office was established in 1839, and was called Amazon.
It was located on the southwest corner of section twenty -seven. Robert B.
Hurd was appointed post-master, and held the office till his death, about
1848-9. In January, 1848, another post-office was established in the north
east part of the township, and called Burton's Corners. Benjamin P. Pat
ton was appointed post-master. Mr. Patton held this office until the
completion of the C. & N. W. Railway through to Sharon, Wisconsin, when
the office was removed to Sharon, and he resigned.
Three good cheese factories are in successful .operation in this town
ship, employing an aggregate capital of $30,000. The population of the
township is about 1,500, and strictly agricultural in their pursuits.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 317

MANCHESTER.

When Boone County was organized this township was designated as
Manchester precinct. The first settlements were made about 1836-7, but
the settlers of 1836 were but few. The first settlers of whom we can get
any direct knowledge were Rolin Gray, a Mr. Hammon (whose first name
is lost), Alvin Cady, William Ward and Luther Linderman. Of these,
Rollin Gray and Luther Linderman are the only ones remaining in the
township.. The first justices of the peace were Rossel Campbell and Hiram Hop
kins; first constable, Amasa Nobles. The first school in the precinct was
taught by Mary Jane Campbell, wife of Horace Campbell. It was taught
in 1841, in a private house, now the property of William Peters, on section
nine. Mr. A. B. Wadsworth was the first post-master, and the name of
the post-office entered upon the postal records as Hunter. It was established
about 1844. His successor was William Wadsworth.
The first church organized in the township was by the Methodist Epis
copal people, in 1839, when Rev. Leander Walker and Nathan Jewett insti
tuted a class. William Linderman, Luther Linderman and W. Wood were
the active members of this class. Services were held in private residences
until the building of school houses, since when they have been used as places
of worship. At one time $1,300 had been subscribed to build a church
edifice, but some dissensions arising as to the choice of a location, the enter
prise fell through, and the school house at Fisher's Corners is the regular
place of meeting. The present pastor is Rev. George Hobbs ; membership,
twenty-four. There is no other church organization in the township.
The Grange has an organization known as the Manchester Grange No.
709. It was organized Nov. 7, 1873. R. G. Farrant is Worthy Master;
Thomas Bamlet, Overseer; George Swensen, Steward; Wilson Bennett and
Miss Mary L. Bennett, Assistant Stewards; A. H. Manly, Secretary; Luke
Cass, Treasurer; W. W. Casper, Lecturer; B. F. Linderman, Chaplain;
Melvin Hill, Gate Keeper; Mrs. R. H. Farrant, Ceres; Mrs. M. E. Hinkley,
Pomona; Miss Flora Marston, Flora; membership, sixty-four. Meet on
Saturday of or before the full of the moon.

SPRING.

Until the adoption of the township organization system, the territory
embraced in Spring township was known as Ohio precinct. The first set
tlement was made in 1835 by John Handy, at what is now known as Reed's
corners, four and a half miles east of south from Belvidere, and two miles
west of Shattuck's Grove. In the early part of 1835, Alfred Shattuck and wife
and two sons (Harlyn, aged twenty years, and F. H., aged about twelve),
left Painesville, Geauga county, Ohio, to find a new home in Illinois. Ar
riving in Dupage county, twenty-seven miles from Chicago, they rented a
farm from a man named Sweet, and raised a crop of corn. In the latter
part of September of that year, Alfred Shattuck and his son, Harlyn, came
out to the Kishwaukee country to select claims, which they made in the

318 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
grove that bears their name. The elder Shattuck returned to Dupage
county to take care of his crop, and Harlyn remained to prepare a cabin,
make rails for fencing purposes, etc., boarding with John Handy, who had
preceded them a few weeks, and who was already settled. The first work
Harlyn did was to cut and gather some old grass of the previous year's
growth on which to feed a yoke of cattle he had brought up from Du
page county. A small quantity of corn meal was mixed with this old grass
and thus rendered a substitute for more substantial fodder. In February
following the balance of the family came up. The log cabin for which
Harlyn had cut the logs was soon after raised on the grounds occupied by
Harlyn's present residence, of which the family took possession before fully
completed. The doors, window casings, pantry shelving, etc., were made of
bass wood puncheons dressed down. The flooring was made of the same
kind of material. The roofing was made of oak clapboards, made by hand,
and held in place by weight-poles, between which knees were placed to sep
arate at the proper distances. At that date there were in that settlement,
John Handy and family, Erastus Shattuck, wife, three rions and one daugh
ter, and Alfred Shattuck and family (already mentioned; Erastus Shattuck
and John Handy had come together in the summer before). At the time
Alfred Shattuck's family moved into their new house, the last of February
or first of March, 1836, there were not to exceed fifteen persons in the set
tlement. In the spring of 1836 the Blatchfords, Curtis Bros, and John Bax
ter joined the settlers. ' Of the Blatchfords there were the father, mother and
three sons, Stephen, James and Francis. The Curtis Bros, were unmarried,
and kept " bachelor's hall." McVeigh and Bruce came soon after, and
Dr. Orris Crosby was the next one to put in an appearance. During that
summer and fall there was quite a rush of immigrants to that neighborhood.
At the first election in the precinct, held at the house of Alfred Shat
tuck, in the spring of 1838, Alfred Shattuck and William M. Britt were
judges; P. S. Crittenden and William Dresser were clerks. Alfred Shat
tuck and P. S. Crittenden were elected justices of the peace, offices which
they continued to fill for several years. Stephen DeWolf and Ira Gould
were elected constables.
The first school house in the township was a log structure, built on
what is now the Gleason farm, in section twenty-one. Lucy Burnett was
the first teacher. She afterwards became the wife of John Q. A. Rollins.
P. S. Crittenden was the next teacher.
There are now ten school houses in the township, and four fractional,
or union districts — that is, territory attached to districts in adjoining town
ships for school purposes.
Jennette Handy, daughter of John and Celinda Handy, has the honor
to be the first female child, born in the township. She married William
Dawson, but died four years later.
The male claimants for a similar honor were Henry Crittenden and
Owen Handy. Henry Crittenden grew to manhood's estate and married
. Laura Rue. At the breaking out of the war he enlisted with the Galena
Zouaves, and was killed in the battle of Fort Donelson.
The first marriage was between Stephen Blatchford and Maria Bump.
Dr. Orris Crosby was the first physician to locate in the precinct, but
he starved out in a year or two, and sought other fields for practice. Dr.
Angell, now of Belvidere, also tried it once or twice, but finally located per
manently in Belvidere.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 319
There has never been a church building erected in the township, al
though religious services are frequent, the several school houses being open
at all times for such purposes. A majority of the people attend divine
service at Belvidere. Neither has there ever been a post-office established
in the township.
The name of the township is derived from its great primitive beauty
in spring time, and was so christened when the township organization sys
tem was adopted.
A little episode in the pioneer experience of Harlyn Shattuck may not
be ill-timed in closing this sketch. In March, 1836, his oxen got tired of
their fodder, and escaping from their enclosure, strayed away. Presuming
they had gone towards Dupage county, from whence they had been brought,
he started in pursuit in that direction. The cattle, had some hours the
start. The first night out, he stayed over night at the house of John Ham
ilton, in Pleasant Grove, twelve miles distant. A storm of rain and snow had
come on, settling down into a regular hail of sleet and cold. When he
reached the south fork of the north branch of the Kishwaukee, a small
stream usually, but swollen by the late rains, it was a torrent of running
(anchor) ice. His cattle had crossed the evening previous. It was eight
miles to the nearest house in any direction. The storm was howling fit
fully, and the wind and atmosphere piercingly cold. There was but
one thing for Harlyn to do — cross the icy. stream. But how? That was
the question. There was neither canoe, dug-out nor raft. There was
but one way of crossing, and that was to wade. To do so with his clothes
on was only to invite death by freezing after he had crossed. But true to
the energy and determination of his nature, he stripped to the " buff," and
holding his clothes above his head, plunched into the icy bath and waded
across, the water and ice coming up to his <jhin. He made the passage in
safety, and by the time he had dressed himself after crossing, he was in a
perfect perspiration. In speaking of the adventure now, he says it was a
cold experience, but one that left no injurious influence. Resuming his
tramp, he came up with his oxen on the bank of Fox river, about half way
between Elgin and Dundee, where they had taken shelter from the storm
in a grove of timber and underbrush. Such were the experiences of at least
one of the early settlers of Spring township, now a thickly populated and
wealthy municipality.

Names and Dates of Election of
SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES
Representing Boone County in the General Assembly of the
State of Illinois.
senators.
Geo. W. Harrison, elected Aug., '38. Zenas Applington, elected Nov., '60.
Ira Minard, elected Aug., 1842. Cornelius Lansing, elected Novem-
Elijah Wilcox, elected Aug., 1846, ber, 1864.
Alfred E. Ames, elected Aug., 1848. A. C. Fuller, elected Nov., 1868.
Thos. B. Talcott, elected Nov., 1852. John Early, elected Nov., 1872.
Waite Talcott, elected Nov., 1856. John Early, elected Nov., 1876.

320

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.

REPRESENTATIVES.

John Phelps, elected Aug., 1838.
Robt. J. Cross, elected Aug., 1838.
Thompson Campbell, elected Aug.,
1840.
Thos. Drummond, elected Aug., '40.
Henry Madden, elected Aug., 1842.
Wm. M. Jackson, elected Aug., '42.
Wm. M.' Jackson, elected Aug., '44.
James S. Loop, elected Aug., 1844.
E. G. Jewell, elected Aug., 1844.
George W. Kretsinger, elected Aug.,
1846.
Jas. Harrington, elected Aug., '46.
James T. Pierson, elected Aug., '46.
John F. Gray, elected Aug., 1848.
Selby Leach, elected Aug., 1848.
A. H. Nixon, elected Nov., 1850.
George Gage, elected Nov., 1850.
II. C. Miller, elected Nov., 1852.
A. H. Nixon, elected Nov., 1852.
R.. C. Miller, elected Nov., 1854.
A. H. Nixon, elected Nov., 1854.
S. W. Lawrence, elected Nov., 1856.
 Diggins, elected Nov., 1856.

L. S. Church, elected Nov., 1858.
L. W. Lawrence, elected Nov., 1858.
L. S. Church, elected Nov., 1860.
S. A. Hurlbut, elected Nov., 1860.
S. A. Hurlbut, elected Nov., 1862.
L. S. Church, elected Nov., 1862.
W. W. Sedgwick, elected Nov., '64.
L. W. Lawrence, elected Nov., '64.
Allen C. Fuller, elected Nov., 1866.
Ira V. Randall, elected Nov., 1866.
S. A. Hurlbut, elected Nov., 1868.
Robert Hampton, elected Nov., '68.
Chas. W. Marsh, elected Nov., 1870.
E. H. Talbott, elected Nov., 1870.
Robert J. Cross, elected Nov., 1872.
Jesse S. Hurlbut, elected Nov., '72.
D. J. Stewart, elected Nov., 1872.
R. F. Crawford, elected Nov., 1872.
Andrew Ashton, elected Nov., 1874.
R. F. Crawford, elected Nov., 1874.
Myron K. Avery, elected Nov., '74.
Geo. H. Hollister, elected Nov., '76.
John Budlong, elected Nov., 1876.
Andrew Ashton, elected Nov., 1876.

CIRCUIT JUDGES
Dan Stone, 1839 to 1841.
Thomas C. Brown, 1841 to 1847.
Jesse RThomas, 1847 to 1849.
Hugh Henderson, 1849 to 1851.
Isaac G. Wilson, 1851 to 1861.
Allen C. Fuller, 1861 to 1862, when,

having been appointed Adjt. Gen.
of the State by RichardYates,Gov-
ernor,he resigned the officeof judge.
Theodore D. Murphy was elected
circuit judge in 1862, and still
holds the office.

CIRCUIT CLERKS.

Seth S. Whitman. 1839 to 1849. •
Noah W. Birge, 1849 to 1850, when
he departed this life, and in April,
1850, Stephen C. Gooding was ap
pointed clerk by Hugh Henderson,
then circuit judge. Gooding held
the office of clerk;from 1850 to 1851.
Daniel T. Olney, 1851 to 1853. state's
Shelton L. Hall, 1839 to 1843.
Joseph B. Wells, 1843 to 1845.
James L. Loop, 1845 to 1846.
Thomas L. Turner, 1846 to 1847.
W. A. Boardman, 1847 to 1849.
Alonzo Platt, 1849 to 1851.
P. W. Platt, 1851 to 1852.
Amos B. Coon, 1852 to 1853.

Fayette B. Hamlin, 1853 to 1857.
Daniel II. Whitney, 1857 to Feb. 12,
1864, when he died.
Horatio C. DeMunn was appointed
circuit clerk Feb. 15, 1864, and
held the office until December,
1876, when James W. Sawyer, the
present clerk, was elected.
ATTORNEYS. •Millard M. Boyce, 1853 to 1857.
E. L. Joslyn, 1857 to 1861.
Amos B. Coon, 1861 to 1865.
Charles Kellum, 1869 to 1873.
Wales W. Wood, 1873 to 1876.
Charles E. Fuller was elected in 1876,
and now holds the office.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 321

RECORD OF COUNTY AND TOWN OFFICERS, ETC.
The following is an official record of the public officers of Boone
County, from the first election on the first Monday in May, 1837, to the last
regular election in ISlovember, 1876:
May, 1837. County Commissioners — Milton S. Mason, Cornelius
Cline, John Q. A, Rollins. John K. Towner was appointed Treasurer, May
3, 1837; D. H. Whitney, Clerk ofthe County Commissioners' Court, same
date. Simon P. Doty was elected Sheriff; John Handy, Coroner; Seth S.
Whitman, Recorder; and S. P. Hyde, Surveyor.
Ihe next election was held in August, 1837. D. 1.1. Whitney was
elected County Clerk, and John K. Towner, County Treasurer.
August, 1838. County Commissioners — Moses Blood, Orris Crosby
and John K. Towner. [After this date, until the adoption of the township
organization system, only one commissioner was elected annually, unless
vacancies occurred in the board by reason of death or resignation.] Sheriff,
H. C. Walker. [He resigned in 1839, and B. F. Lawrence was elected to
fill vacancy, Dec. 2, 1839.] Coroner, John Handy.
In December, 1838, the office of the Clerk of the County Court was
declared vacant, and James. L. Loop was appointed to the vacancy.
Aug. 5, 1839. County Commissioner, Robt. B. Hurd; County Clerk,
Jas. L. Loop; Recorder, Alexander Neely; Treasurer, Cephas Gardner;
Surveyor, Geo. F. Kasson. September, 1839, James M. Loop was appointed
Deputy County Clerk. In September, 1840, he resigned his position, and
J. Z. Saxton was appointed to the vacancy.
August, 1840. Sheriff, Albert Stone; Coroner, Edward Hawley ; Com -
missioner, Jas. Shinn. In May, 1841, George, Walker was appointed
Deputy County Clerk, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of
Saxton, as Deputy.
June, 1841. The office of County Clerk was declared to be vacant, and
John Z. Saxton was appointed to fill the vacancy.
August, 1841. Commissioner, Orris Crosby; County Clerk, AsherE.
Jenner. Nov. 13. James Shinn and Orris Crosby resigned their offices as '
County Commissioners. A special election was held Dec. 13, 1841, to fill
the vacancies, when S. P. Doty and Nathaniel Crosby were elected, to serve
two and three years, from August, 1841. Doty and Crosby drew lots for
terms, Crosby drawing the three-years term.
August, 1842. Sheriff, Wm. Smith; Naham Rice, Coroner; and Edw.
Hawley, Commissioner.
August, 1843. Commissioner, Thomas Hartwell; Clerk, Ralph D.
Rix; Recorder, Wm. T. Burgess-; Treasurer, Samuel Bennett; Surveyor,
Daniel Trowbridge.
August, 1844. Sheriff, Joel Florada; Coroner, Chas. B. Lord; Com
missioner, Albert Neely.
August, 1845. Commissioner, A. L. Bush.
August, 1846. Sheriff, Joel Florada; Commissioner, Abraham Drake;
Coroner, John L. Bush. October 19th, a special election for County Com
missioners was held, tojfill vacancy occasioned by resignation of Alexander
Neely. April 19, 1847, at a special election, M. C. Bentley was elected County
Commissioner.

322 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
August, 1S47. Recorder, Hezekiah Ripley; Commissioner, Sidney
Avery; Clerk, Ralph D. Rix; Assessor and Treasurer, Edward Hawley;
Surveyor, Daniel Trowbridge; Probate Justice, Joel Walker.
August, 1848. Sheriff, Alson L. Ames; Commissioner, Charles W.
Libby; Coroner, Christopher Burrell.
Sept. 4, 1848. Special election. Noah W. Birge was elected Clerk of
the Circuit Court.
November, 1849. County Judge, Daniel H. Whitney; Assessor and
Treasurer, Samuel Bennett; Surveyor, Daniel Trowbridge.
April 26, 1850. John Jackson, County Clerk. Resigned, and May
17th, H. Ripley was appointed to the vacancy.
In 1850, the township organization system went into effect. The time
of holding county elections was changed from August to November, and the
time for tlie election of Supervisors fixed for April in each year. At the
first election for Supervisors, the following board was chosen: *
November, 1850. Recorder, Daniel Olney; County Clerk, H. Ripley.
[Died May 5, 1351, and A. J. Tanner was appointed to fill the vacancy.]
Coroner, John K. Towner; Sheriff", Joel Florada.
November, 1851. County Clerk, A. J. Tanner.
November, 1852. Clerk Circuit Court, Fayette B. Plawlin; Sheriff,
George I. Wood; Coroner, George Dean.
November, 18o3. County Judge, Hiram C. Miller; County Clerk,
Leonard M. Beebe; Treasurer, George W. Downs; Surveyor, i Yates V.
Beebe. Mr. Beebe died while in office, Sept. 15, 1857, and William Mc-
Vicker was appointed to the vacancy.
November, 1854. County Judge, Daniel H. Whitney; Sheriff, Hanson
R. Wilson; Coroner, L. L. Lake.
Nov. 6, 1S55. Treasurer, A. E. Jenner; Surveyor, E. L. Lawrence.
Nov. 4, 1856. County Judge, Allen C. Fuller; Clerk Circuit Court,
Daniel H. Whitney; Sheriff, Elias L. Tisdel; Coroner, L. L. Lake.
Nov. 6, 1857.' County Judge, A. C. Fuller; Clerk, A. H. Bradley;
Treasurer, A. E. Jenner; Surveyor, William McVicker.
Nov. 2, 1858. Sheriff, Henry F. Jennison; Coroner, L. L. Lake.
Nov. 8, 1859. Treasurer, H. C. DeMunn; Surveyor, E. L. Lawrence.
Nov. 6, I860. Clerk Circuit Court, D. H. Whitney; Sheriff, P. J.
Garcelon; Coroner, D. E. Foote.
June 3, 1861. (Special election.) M. M. Boyce was elected County
Judge. Nov. 5, 1861. County Judge, M. M. Boyce; Clerk, A. H. Bradley;
Treasurer, William C. Tuttle; Surveyor, E. L. Lawrence.
Nov. 4, 1862. Sheriff, John H. Andrus; Coroner, D. E. Foote.
Nov. 3, 1863. Treasurer, Enoch Kendall: Surveyor, E. L. Lawrence.
Nov. 8, 1864. Clerk Circuit Court, H. C. DeMunn; Sheriff, P. J.
Garcelon; Coroner, L. L. Lake.
Nov. 7, 1865. County Judge, L. W. Lawrence; Clerk, C. B. Loop;.
Surveyor, E. L. Lawrence; Treasurer, Enoch Kendall.
Nov. 6, 1866. Sheriff, L. O. Gilman; Coroner, D. E. Foote.
Nov. 5, 1867. Treasurer, Enoch Kendall; Survevor, E. L. Lawrence.
November, 1868. Clerk Circuit Court, H. C. DeMunn; Sheriff, J.C.
Styles; Coroner, D. E. Foote. (In September, .1869, L. O. Gilman was
¦  *The record of the several Boards of Supervisors, from/ April, 1850, to April, 1877, will
be found on the following pages.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 323
appointed to fill the vacancy in the Treasurer's office caused by the removal
of Enoch Kendall.)
November, 1869. Treasurer, L. O. Gilman; County Judge, L. W.
Lawrence; Clerk, C. B. Loop; Surveyor, E. L. Lawrence.
November, 1870. Sheriff, R. E.' Osgood; Coroner, D. E. Foote.
November, 1871. Treasurer, John Grav; Surveyor, Charles S. Moss.
November, 1872. Clerk Circuit Court',' H. C. DeMunn; Sheriff, S.
L. Covey; Coroner, D. E. Foote.
November, 1873. County Judge, L. W. Lawrence; Clerk, 0. B. Loop.
(Mr. Loop resigned March 13, 1876, and F. I. Hall was appointed to the
vacancy.) Treasurer, A. E. Jenner.
November, 1874. Sheriff, S. L. Covey; Coroner, G. W. Robinson.
November, 1875. Treasurer, Daniel Wilcox; Surveyor, Charles S.
Moss. November, 1876. Clerk Circuit Court, J. W. Sawyer; Sheriff, S: L.'
Covey; Coroner, F. S. Whitman; Surveyor, C. S. Moss.
Wm. McVicker and D. H. Whitney were appointed Deputy County
Clerks, iu September, 1857, but filled that position only a short time.
Mary Boyde was appointed Deputy County Clerk in March, 1865, and
filled that position six years.
Jas. S. Terwilliger was appointed Duputy County Clerk, in 1860, and
held that position a year.
Simmons Terwilliger was appointed Deputy County Clerk in Novem
ber, 1861, and remained in that position seven or eight months.
Chester S. Crosby was appointed Duputy County Clerk in July, 1862,
and filled that position two or three years.
Geo. W. Wilbur was appointed Deputy County Clerk and filled that
position for two years.
Willis H. Bennett was appointed Deputy County Clerk in July, 1875,
under 0. B. Loop, and afterwards under F. I. Hall, in March, 1877, and is
still holding that position.
H. C. DeMunn was appointed Deputy Circuit Clerk in 1859, under
D. H. Whitney, and held that position for four years. Mr. Whitney died
before his term of office expired, and Mr. H. C. DeMunn was appointed to
fill the vacancy. Col. L. O. Gilman and Miss Addie Whitney, now Mrs.
W. S. Jones, were appointed his Deputees.
RECORD OF SUPERVISORS.
Election First Monday in April, Annually.
1850. — Frederick P. Low, Nathaniel Crosby, Henry Jenks, Charles W.
Libby, William Raymond, Hiram C. Miller, Isaac Miller, Charles B. Lord.
1851. — Cephas Gardner, Martin G. Gilbert, Issac Mitchell, Isaac Mil
ler, Mason Smith. F. P. Low, M. C. Manlev, M. C. Bentley.
1852.— Cephas Gardner, M. Y. Gilbert, M. C. Manley, John Kerr,
James C. Gooch, Isaac Miller, John L. Curtis, F. B. Bement.
1853.— Samuel Rockwood, R. D. Rix, M. Y. Gilbert, M. C. Manley,
John Prindle, Joseph P. Woods, Isaac Miller, J. L. Curtis.
1854.— Isaac R. Miller, Joseph P. Woods, Amos Older, F. P. Low, R.
D. Rix, M. C. Manley, Abram Drake, C. F, Witt.
1855.— R. D. Rix, M. Y. Gilbert, F. P. Low, Isaac Miller, Bradford
Dean, C. F. Witt, Hiram Hopkins, Amos Older.

324 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
1856.— C. F. Witt, Daniel Mabie, Joseph P. Woods, M. C. Bentley,
Stephen Lambert, R. D. Rix, M. Y. Gilbert, Hiram Hopkins.
1857.— Theo. Grant, M. Y. Gilbert, B. P. Patten, A. M. Miller, Daniel
Mabie, F. P. Low, C. F. Witt, R. D. Rix.
1858.— Theo. Grant, M. Y. Gilbert, R. D. Rix, Ely Gordon, C. F.
Witt, C. H. Avery, W. S. Webster, B. P. Patten. Up to this date the
Board of Supervisors was composed of eight members, one from each town
ship, but the Belvidere special charter went into operation, and by virtue
of it the President of the Town Board was made ex-officio a member of the
Board of Supervisors, increasing the number to nine members.
1859. — Theo. Grant, Thomas Brown, Geo. Dean, Cephas Gardner, J.
J. Bogardus, C. F. Witt, C. H. Avery, M. C. Bentley, B. F. Patten.
I860.— Theo. Grant, M. Y. Gilbert, Cephas Gardner, E. L. Tisdell,
Stephen Lambert, Geo. Chafee, L. W. Lawrence, James Alexander, B. F.
Patten. 1861. — Theo. Grant, Cephas Gardner, H. J. Doolittle, Stephen Lam
bert, George Chafee, L. W. Lawrence, James Alexander, B. P. Patten, M.
Y. Gilbert. 1862.— B. P. Patten, Theo. Grant, M. Y. Gilbert, George Chafee, S.
P. Lane, Cephas Gardner, E. H. Reynolds, I. R. Bogardus, W. S. Webster.
1863. — Cephas Gardner, Mark Ramsey, Stephen Curtis, I. R. Bo
gardus, W. S. Webster, B. F. Patten, A. H. Manley, Wm. Corning, I. T.
Witbeck. . 864. — A. H. Manley, M. Y. Gilbert, Cephas Gardner, M. M. Boyce,
L T. Witbeck, George Reed, I. R. Bogardus, W. S. Webster, B. P. Patten.
1865. — L. W. Lawrence, John W. Stow, Stephen Lambert, M. Y. Gil
bert, George Reed, G. W. Woodward, J. S. Hildrup, A. H. Manley, B. P.
Patten. 1866.— A. H. Manley, B. P. Patten, George Chafee, I. R. Bogardus,
E. H. Talbott, Daniel E. Foote, Isaac Sewell, J. Alexander, Stephen Lam
bert. 1867.— George Chafee, F. P. Low, T. S. Bartholomew, H. E. Fox,
Clark Heath, B. P. Patten, P. J. Garcelon, M. Y. Gilbert, Asa Lawrence.
1868.— H. E. Fox, Geo. Chafee, C. W. Heath, C. Gardner, B. P. Pat
ten, C. H. Wilson, F. I. Hall, M. Y. Gilbert, W. R. Dodge.
1869.— Ezra May, H. E. Fox, C. Gardner, Alex. McNair, F. I. Hall,
Silas DeMunn, Geo. Reed, C. W. Heath, C. H. Wilson.
1870.— Charles H. Wilson, Alex. McNair. E. May, H. E. Fox, John J.
Foote, C. F. Witt, C. W. Heath, F. I. Hall, B. F. Langdon.
1871.— C. F. Witt, J. J. Foote, M. Y. Gilbert, IL W. Pier, Silas De
Munn, C. W. Heath, I. A. Cornell, Frank Tanner, W. F. Hovey.
In April, 1872, an Assistant Supervisor for Belvidere was elected,
making ten members.
1872.— J. J. Foote, I. R. Bogardus, Henry Willard, William D. Boies,
Henry Porter, Ezra May, Silas DeMunn, F. 1. Hall, I. A. Cornell, Abram
\jYHJKQ
1873.— M. Y. Gilbert, Silas DeMunn, H. W. Pier, I. T. Witbeck, I.
V. Draper, I. A. Cornell, W. D. Boies, H. R. Willard, Samuel Wood,
Stephen Lambert.
1874.— H. R. Willard, I. A. Cornell, Geo. Chafee, M. K. Avery, Philo
Conyes, I. V. Draper, L. Whiting, S. Lambert, C. L. Smith, I. T. Witbeck,
'1875.— George Chafee, H. R. Willard, O. S. Nichols, Frank Tanner,

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 325
P. Conyes, L. Whiting, I. A. Cornell, S. Lambert, John Greenlee, George
W. Murch. 1876.— George Chafee, H. R. Willard, I. V. Draper, I. A. Cornell, P.
Conyes, James Montgomery, S. Lambert, John Greenlee,' G. W. Robinson,
O. S. Nichols.
1877. — George Chafee, P. Conyes, James Montgomery, I. V. Draper,
H. R. Willard, I. A. Cornell, John Greenlee, O. S. Nichols, John Hannah,
George W. Murch.
POLITICAL AND PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS, ETC.
The pioneers of '35 came to Boone County bold, fearless, industrious
men. Full of enterprise and fixedness of purpose, they planted a little
colony of thirty-seven persons, all told (in October, 1835), that, growing
year by year in numbers and intelligence, until now (1877) the population
equals forty-seven persons to the square mile. Each and all of 'these
pioneers of '35, as well as those of the other early years of the settlement
of the Kishwaukee country of the Pottawattoinies,"had their peculiarities
and their humors, antipathies and preferences, politics and prejudices. To
note some of these and preserve them in this volume is our purpose, hoping
that, though snatched from the dim, distant past, they will serve to kindle
afresh the memories "0' auld lang syne."
In those days the people were divided between the Whigss and Demo
crats. Coming to and settling on the unbroken wilds of Illinois, then in
the far West, did not emancipate them from their political preferences or
prejudices, and in the presidential election of 1836 the party lines were as
clearly defined and as tightly drawn, although only twenty-three votes were
¥ oiled in the Belvidere precinct, as if there had been as many thousands.
he poll-book of that election, preserved among the records of the county
clerk's office at Rockford, shows the names of these twenty-three voters.
Of these only Simon P. Doty and David Caswell are living, the latter now
a resident of Iowa.
As long as the Whig party preserved its organization, the contest
between them and the Democrats was close. When an important national
question was to be voted upon, the Democrats (in later years as the popula
tion increased) would usually carry the county by Irom fifty to one hundred
majority. In local contests, the Whigs (always putting up their best men
as candidates to be voted for) would usually succeed by small majorities.
They never nominated any man for office that he might be sacrificed on the
altar of some other man's ambition.
In the August election of 1838, party candidates were first presented
to the people for their suffrage. Simon P. Doty was the Whig candidate
for sheriff, and H. C. Walker was the candidate of the Democratic party.
Walker was elected by six majority, but resigned in 1839.
The Whigs held their nominating convention that year at the house of
Simon P. Doty. A public house, and the only public house in Belvidere at
that time, it was a place, of resort for Democrats as well as Whigs. On
this particular occasion, there being a good deal of interest in the result of
the convention, nearly all the voters of the precinct were gathered in and
about the house. Just as the convention adjourned, the Democratic candi
date for Congress in this district — then embracing nearly all of northern
Illinois — arrived in town, and the Democrats at once determined to have a

326 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
Democratic rally and a Democratic speech. (The name of the candidate for
Congressional honors and Democratic votes in that campaign has escaped
the memory of our informant, but we think it must have been Stephen A.
Douglas.) Dr. Molony was then an active Democrat, and he soon had the
Democrats all mustered in a store-room adjoining i Doty's hotel, and called
the meeting to order by nominating a gentleman for chairman who was in
nowise familiar with parliamentary usages, and withal very bashful and par
ticularly noted for his economy of words. When he had taken the chair, a
dry goods box or a nail keg being improvised for the occasion, Dr. Molony
made the further motion that, as the Democratic candidate for Congress
had visited their midst, and was then present in the house, that he be
requested to make them a speech. Full of trepidation, the t chairman
attempted to put the motion, but the words would stick in his throat.
Three or four times he essayed to get the question before the house, but as
often failed. Dr. Molony seeing and appreciating the situation, sought to
relieve the chairman, and said that the meeting understood the motion,
and all that was necessary was to call for the ayes and nays. Making
another desperate effort, the chairman said: "It has been motion-ded and
seconded that the Democratic candidate for Congress be requested to make
a Democratic speech to the meeting. All in favor of the motion sanctify
it by saying I." This sanctification brought down the house in a roar, in
the midst of which the Democratic candidate stepped forward, doffed his
coon-skin cap, mounted a convenient barrel, and proceeded to comply with
the sanctified request of the meeting. That, says our informant, was the
first speech from a Democratic candidate for Congress delivered in Boone
County. An anecdote is told of Simon P. Doty in connection with the log cabin
and hard cider campaign of 1840, when the Whigs sang of " Tippecanoe
and Tyler too," as well as of " Tom Corwin, the wagon boy," that may not
be out of place in this connection. Mr. Doty, in those days, was a man of
wonderful physical development — tall, muscular, and as straight as an
arrow, lithe and active as a cat, of great strength and fearless as a lion, there
were not many men his equal in strength or daring; yet always a mild and
courteous gentleman, but full of humor and ready to perpetrate a joke or
" play a trick " on any occasion that offered. A leading Whig, he was chosen
a delegate from Boone County in 1840 to attend the State convention at
Springfield that year, to select delegates to the National Whig convention.
There were neither railroads nor stage coaches in the direction of the State
capital then. The only conveyance was by ox wagons. Fitting out one of
these, laying in a supply of provisions, cooking utensils, etc., Doty and
those who accompanied him, started out for the State convention. Scarcely
a day out, they fell in with other teams, and still others and others, until
they strung out over a mile or two in length. Camping out at night, they
sang Whig songs, told Whig jokes, drank Whig cider, and bet on Whig
majorities and the election of Gen. Harrison. Nearing Springfield, and
when only a short distance out they stopped to dress up a little — to change
their camp apparel for clothes a little more becoming president-makers.
One man out of the crowd with whom they had fallen in company, a little
" nicer " than the others, had provided himself with a pocket mirror, and
wishing to " scrape his countenance," he got out his mirror, fastened it up
against a tree, and proceeded to " scratch his face." Noticing his extreme
fastidiousness, Doty went to a wagon, procured an axe, went to a white-oak

BELVIDERE.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 329
tree and chipped or " blazed " off a piece of the bark, then got his razor
and proceeded to shave himself thereby, much to the amusement of those
who saw the joke. Some years later, Doty had occasion to travel through
Michigan, and at one of his stopping places, incurred, by some means, the
displeasure of a rough sort of fellow1, who proposed, in back- woods parlance,
to "eat Doty up." Ignorant of having given occasion for such an outburst
of rage on the other's part, Doty took the matter quite coolly. But the
man raged on, and began stripping for the 'fray. Another personage pres
ent, a hitherto silent spectator, volunteered a little friendly advice to the
belligerent, but fora time his advice was unheeded. Eat Doty up, he
would. He had made up his mind to do it, and he was a man that never
went back on his mind or his word. At last the man of peace told him
that Doty was not made to be eaten up by wolverines ; that he was an Illi-
noisan, and a man who always shaved himself by the light reflected from a
" blazed" place on a white-oak tree! and that he had seen him do it! That
quieted the rage of the wolverine, and he put on his clothes, ordered " hard
cider " for the crowd, and for the balance of the evening Doty was the lion
and the observed of all observers.
As early as December, 1835, a political meeting was held in Belvidere.
Dr. Whitney's letters locate that meeting at the Belvidere Hotel. The Bel
videre Hotel, as we gather from Mr. Doty, was not built until 1836. The
first house occupied by Mr. Doty was perhaps regarded as a hotel, and it
was probably in that house the meeting referred to was held. It was a
Whig meeting, and Mr. Doty was the presiding officer; Dr. Whitney the
secretary, and E. A. Nixon and Mason Sherman made up the rank and file.
With a unanimity worthy of imitation by all political conventions, they
adopted resolutions and sent them to the Chicago American, the predeces
sor of the Chicago Journal, and published to the world their determination
to elect General Harrison to the presidency in 1836. This, however, was
not acconlplished until 1840. In speaking of this convention in his remin
iscences, Dr. Whitney grew poetical and concluded with these lines:
"From wild Madanaska's dark forest of pine,
To the far fertile glades where the Kishwaukee flows,
True sons of their fathers, the heroes combined,
And shook ott" the yoke of their tyrants and foes."
In the same letter from which the above is quoted, referring to the
Fourth of July, 1836, Dr. Whitney said:
" Young morn shook from her purple wings as glorious a Fourth as
ever kissed Aurora's cheek when she unbarred the gates of light, and no
more patriotic and grateful hearts beat in American bosoms on that glori
ous day than did those of the settlers of Boone, as with all the artillery at
our command, an old rifle, a tolerable shot gun, and a pocket pistol," the
old settlers took their position on the mound, raised a liberty pole from
which fluttered in the breeze a pocket handkerchief having the portraits of
the presidents around its border, and being the nearest approach to a na
tional flag of anything in these 'diggings.' We read the Declaration of
Independence, fired a national salute, gave three times three that frightened
the Indian from his wigwam and the red deer from his covert. And then,
with Charley Watkins leading, we joined in singing:
' Strawberries and cream in the morning —
I'll deck her with pearl,
If she'll be my girl,
And follow me over the mountain.'

330 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
We tramped to the edge of the timber on the northwest side of the prairie,
and in a few hours returned with our pails filled with strawberries, and
closed the first national jubilee in this far oft land in the spirit of the poet
who wrote: 'Thy spirit, Independence, let me share,
Lord of the lion heart and eagle eye ;
Thy steps we'll follow with our bosoms bare,
Nor heed the storms that howl along the sky.' "
In another letter the same writer says that the most magnificent event
that transpired in this country in those days was the burning over of the
prairies in the fall of the year. The flames would spread in time of high
wind with such rapidity that the fleetest horse could not keep in advance
of them; and it is said that persons have been overtaken by them and per
ished in the flames. "In traveling over the country in those days, we carried
matches with us in order to burn the prairie before us if we were likely to
be overtaken by the fire. Late in the fall of 1835, I rode until the shades
of night came on, and then dismounted, tethered my horse and turned him
loose to graze. I had stopped on a little burr oak ridge, surrounded by
sloughs and a vast extent of low lands, overgrown with an immense burden of
vegetation. I wrapped myself in my cloak, and with the ground for a bed
and the sky for a covering, I stretched myself at the root of a tree, and
curtained with more than Egyptian darkness I endeavored to compose
myself to sleep. The fall had been unusually dry, and the weeds and grass
were like tinder. I had not lain long when my ear caught a heavy, jarring
sound that made the earth tremble; and the dark clouds that lay" piled up
at the west put on a deep crimson hue, that was soon succeeded by a bril
liant light that ascended from the earth; suddenly, for miles in length, the
fire spread rapidly over the rolling prairie that intervened, and the "prai
ries on fire" shook beneath the angry tread of this volume of flame, that,
careering before the gale, approached with inconceivable rapidity. I had
no time to look for my horse, but, lighted a match and set fire to the grass.
My horse, affrighted by the fiery element that now nearly surrounded us,
came to me with all the speed he could bring into requisition, and with
such seeming confidence did he approach me for succor that he came well-
nigh running over me. I took up my saddle, my horse sticking close by
me, and followed the fire I had set on the ground over which it had passed,
to a safe distance from the all devouring flames that had now reached the
more exuberant growth of the lowlands, from which the deer, aroused
from his covert, bounded off among the scattering trees, and the wild geese
arose from the ponds of the sloughs, and flew screaming in every direction,
and the wolf, affrighted from his hiding place, ran howling from the ap
proaching ruin. The fire caught the deep-tangled vegetation of the low
lands, and driven madly on by the winds that it had called up from their
caverns, rolled its billows in no conceivable sublimity over many thousands
of acres on either side; the sight of which would have confirmed Parson
Miller, for the time being at least, in his prophecies, if he had but stood
that night where I stood and gazed as I gazed on this vast tempest-tossed
and troubled ocean that seemed to enwrap the earth in one continuous sheet
of flame. But it soon swept on over the adjacent hills, sending back the
distant roar of its thunder, leaving all behind in gloom, and too vividly
impressing me with the power of the elements unchained to lose myself
in slumber again that night."

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 331
Not to men alone belongs the credit of making this country what it is
— of reducing it from uncivilized wilds to a garden of beauty. Women's
bravery in turning their backs upon old homes and their comforts — the
scenes and incidents of their girlhood — and traveling thousands of miles in
jolting, jostling wagons — to find homes by camp fires until rude cabins
could -be built, demands equal commendation. Of the pioneer mothers
who abandoned friends and comfortable surroundings in the eastern states
forty-two years ago, to find homes on the prairies of the Kishwaukee, Mrs.
John K. Towner is the only living representative. Forty-two years
ago, at midnight of the last day of July, 1877, a journey of thousands of
miles, made in a wagon drawn by two horses, was ended, and, in the midst
of these wilds and the children native to the soil, that brave woman reined
in her team, and by a camp fire, kindled in the grove on the south side of
the Kishwaukee, a little below town, was cooked the first meal ever cooked
by a white woman on these "Elysian Fields." There was a courage that
prompted this undertaking akin to heroism, and had the task of caring for
eight children, preparing their food by camp fires, depended upon men alone
it is very questionable whether the journey would have been undertaken.
When the Towners came the Pottawattomies were encamped here — on
or in close proximity to the fair grounds. There were several hundred of
them, having assembled here for the last time previous to their removal,
from whence to go to Chicago to receive their payments, presents, etc.,
and their wigwams made quite a little Indian village. They had a council
house, made of poles and bark, old and partially decayed at that time, near
the present crossing of the river below Martyn's mills. In a few days
after the Towners were settled, an Indian dance, the "green corn dance,"
was held in this council chamber, and to show courtesy to these red men,
Mr. Towner and his wife attended. The belles and beaus were dressed in
their best paints, feathers and other Indian gew-gaws. One of the belles
of the occasion was the wife of one of the leading Indians, a "capitain."
She was dressed a little better than the rest of the "ladies" in attendance,
the skirt of her dress being gaudily trimmed with short strips of narrow
ribbon of all shades of color. During a favorable opportunity, Mrs. Tow
ner took occasion to direct her attention to this "belle" and her dress, in a
way that at once caused her to know that her "style" was admired by the
"pale-faced" visitor, and after that she lost no opportunity to "show off"
as she whirled past in the "giddy mazes of the dance." The next day, in
the same dress, but with the addition of a fine broadcloth shawl, hand
somely trimmed, she "called" upon Mrs. Towner, with the evident inten
tion of showing her "new shawl," which, of course, was much admired, as
what well-bred woman would refuse to compliment the aristocracy in whose
midst was her humble home. Mrs. Towner is of the opinion that this
woman was of white origin, and cites as her reasons the following little
episode: During one of her "calls" upon Mrs. Towner, she was toying
with her youngest child, then quite a young babe, when, as most women
will do, she was tickling its cheeks and chin, and employing "pet names,"
she seemed to forget her Indian tongue, and several times enunciated in
good English, "Bubby," "Bubby," "Bubby." ..Hearing her use this term,
Mrs. Towner turned to her and remarked : "You must be a white woman
as you seem to know and understand the treatment of white babies so well."
From that time her lips were sealed,' and no artifice could draw her out.
Soon after they were moved beyond the Mississippi, and Mrs. Towner never

332 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
knew whether her suspicions as to her being a white woman were well
founded or not. The Indian women were much opposed to the removal,
and were often heard saying, more to themselves than to each other: "Me
don't want to cross Mississippi; me don't want to cross Mississippi."
The incidents narrated above relate to the social features of Mrs,
Towner's experience with the Pottawattomies while she lived in their
midst, and with the recital of a little incident, and one which was not so
pleasant, and calculated to try strong nerves, we dismiss the Indians, fol
lowing them only in memory.
At one time Mrs. Towner was left alone with her children in their
house, which was situated in the midst of the village. One of the Indians
had become intoxicated, and in that condition entered the house, and de
clared he had come to kill her. She replied that she would kill him. One
of her little girls, aged about ten years, said to her mother that a gun in the
house was loaded. At this the Indian jerked a knife from his belt that
looked, as Mrs. Towner expressed it, as long as a sword. By some means,
she don't know how, she ejected him from the house, and closed and barred
the door with a long, heavy wooden bench, determined to "hold the fort."
The door was made of basswood puncheons, and between the pieces there
were cracks or interstices large enough to admit a man's hand. Ejected hy
a pale-faced squaw only added fury to his rage, and he made thrust after
thrust through cracks of the door with his knife. Finding he could effect
nothing that way, he next essayed to gain admission to the house by climb
ing upon the roof and descending through the mud and stick chimney.
But here he was again foiled by the brave woman within, who ripped open
a straw bed, and threw part of the contents on the smouldering embers on
the hearth. This raised a smoke that drove the Indian to the ground. By
this time the white men belonging to the house had been alarmed, and came
to her rescue. The Indian was taken away, and soon after the whole tribe
removed west of the "Mississippi." It is but due to the memory of the
Pottawattomies then encamped here to say that they repudiated Mrs.
Towner's drunken and savage visitor as a "bad Indian," and one who did
not belong to their people — an interloper who had fastened himself to
them. Another careful, economical, ingenious, provident woman was Mrs.
Christopher Payne, whose husband, in the late fall of 1835, located a claim
on Squaw Prairie, a part of which is now the beautiful and productive farm
of Oliver Hale, in Bonus township. The incident referred to occurred be
fore they removed to Boone County. A school was to be commenced in
their neighborhood, and Mrs. Payne was anxious that her children should
attend. Poor in purse, and money scarce, with nothing on which they could
realize, their wardrobes ran down till they became quite scanty. Indeed,
the children were but little better dressed than were the children of the
Indians. To quote Flora McFlimsey, they had " nothing to wear." But
Mrs. Payne had set her heart on giving her children an education, and go
to school they must. But how to clothe them for the occasion — that was
the question. But where there is a will there is a way, and Mrs. Payne
was equal to the emergency, and the bottom lands along the Fox river
promised the " raw material." Nettle weeds grew there in great abun
dance, and these she utilized. Going there, she pulled a sufficient quantity
for the purpose, and spread them out to rot, as our fathers and mothers
used to spread flax. When they had rotted sufficiently, they were "broke,"

/
HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 333
" scutched " and " hackled." From the "hackle," the fibre thus obtained
went to the " rock," and from the "rock" her fingers guided it to the
"flyers" and the "spindle" of an old-fashioned, little wheel, the "treadle" of
which was worked with her feet, and thus manufactured into thread. From
the wheel to a hand "reel" and the "warping bars," and then to the old
hand and foot-worked loom, where the thread was woven into cloth, and the
cloth made into clothes that enabled her to send her children to school in
respectable apparel. This, to some, may sound a little nettly, but that it is
a true story can be vouched for by some who were fully cognizant of the
circumstance, and who at this date (September, 1877,) are still living. Of
such stuff were the women pioneers of this county made. All honor to
the memory of those who have passed away, and to the names of those who
have been spared to see the wigwams and camp fires of the Indians give
way to palatial dwellings.
The memory of Dr. Daniel Hilton Whitney, who died Feb. 17, 1864,
aged fifty-seven years, is held in high esteem by the people of Boone. One
of the early pioneers, a man full of energy, soul and thought, of large exper
ience among men, of quick perceptions and keen judgment, and a ready
talker, he was that style of man calculated to win friends anywhere, espec
ially among pioneers. He" was tall, and of commanding appearance, dark,
almost swarthy complexion, coal black hair and eagle-like eye. Of general
intelligence and genial nature, he was prepared for a speech at any time and
on any occasion, no matter whether it was at a religious meeting, a funeral,
a pole raising, a Whig barbecue, a state or county convention. Ever ready
to espouse the cause ofthe poor as against the rich — of the weak against
the strong — he was known as the poor man's friend. In his professional
practice, he was known far and near. No sick person within his reach was
allowed to languish and suffer because of their inability to purchase medi
cine or pay doctors' bills. Volumes might be filled with recitals of his good
deeds, but no words that we can employ would add any new lustre to the
character he bore in the community where he lived so long. These traits of
his nature, added to his rich fund of humor and aptness at repartee, always
secured a place and a warm welcome for Dr. Whitney in every assembly.
A great many anecdotes are related of the subject of this sketch, and,
as his name has often occurred in these pages, it is due alike to those who
knew him not and those who knew him well, to spread on this record an
incident or two illustrative of his character.
On one occasion, there was a Masonic gathering, and being a member
of that order — always charitable and full of good deeds — he was the orator
of the" day. The meeting was held in the open air, in a grove adjacent to
Belvidere. A stand had been erected, and seats arranged for the accommo
dation of the audience. The stand was not of the most substantial kind,
and the combined weight of those who gathered upon it proved too much for
its strength. During one of his happiest perorations, the forward supports
gave way, and the speaker was thrown forward to the ground, alighting full
length on his face. But he never lost a word. Gathering himself up, first
upon his hands, then to his knees, still talking, and finally to his feet and an
erect position, his speech was not interrupted by the loss of a single word.
Only a gesture or two were missing, and these were more than compensated
for by the great force with which he ended the period upon which he
was entering when the treacherous stand gave way.
As a writer for the press, he was, perhaps, more rapid in thought than

334 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
correct in diction — not for the want of language, however, but rather
because of his rapidity of thought and great store of language. Words
dropped from the end of his tongue like snow-flakes from an overcharged
winter's cloud. They came so fast he had no time to choose between them.
Yet in all his writings there was something to admire — something to claim
and hold the reader's attention. In other places we have culled some of
his memories as preserved in letters to the Belvidere press, that are well
worth perusal. These selections are from letters numbered four, five and
six. There were other contributions before and after the ones from which
we quote, but they were not preserved — a neglect to be regretted. Relating
particularly to the scenes incident to the early settlement of the country in
which he was so conspicuous a character, they would have proved valuable
adjuncts in preserving the country's history. What Stephen A. Douglas
and Abraham Lincoln were to their respective political parties in Illinois,
Dr. Whitney seems to have been to the earlier settlers of Boone County.
Returning to the series of letters relating to the early settlement of the
county, to which we have repeatedly referred, and so liberally quoted, we
copy number five of the series almost entire. In that letter Dr. Whitney
wrote: "Late in the fall of 1835, Gen. James Sayers made the claim on which
Newberg was subsequently laid out, and in 1836 built a saw mill, and soon
after fixed up a grist mill in the same building, and continued to operate it
for several years. That was the first mill built in the north counties, and
was of incalculable benefit to the early settlements.
"In these days it was not unfrequent that we had to depend on our
guns for meat, and the number of prairie hens or ducks that we had the
fortune to kill was the precursor of a day of high living, or the less com
fortable assurance that we should go to bed on light suppers.
"Pope says 'the birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain,' and unless
he meant they should take the whole, they didn't do as fairly by me as they
intended. I purchased, and sowed, with my own hands, ten bushels of wheat
in the fall of 1835 ( 36?) (being the first sown in the county) on a strip of
late broke prairie, on which now stands the barn of D. W. Read, and the
prairie chickens and birds left 'nary a kernel.'
"The exorbitant price of provisions at Chicago, and the great difficulty
of getting loads through the unbridged creeks and sloughs, and the near
approach of winter, admonished us to bestir ourselves and provide for the
long and rigorous months before us. The writer, with Rev. J. L. Towner
(then a lad of about seventeen years), and Charley Watkins, went south
about 250 miles, in the fall of 1836, and brought up and drove into the
settlement some eight or ten hundred dollars worth of fat hogs and cattle,
and notwithstanding pork^was selling in the Chicago market at from $12
to $15 per cwt.,and beef at from $8 to $12 per cwt., I sold the pork to this
and surrounding settlements at from $6 to $8 per cwt., and the beef at from
$3 to $4 per cwt.
"But little was done through the winter of 1835 towards making
farms. The spirit of making land claims to sell again, that has always raged
over the new territories of the West, broke out, ruining the settlers of north
ern Illinois, and greatly retarded the permanent improvement of the coun
try. I have known claims of 160 and 320 acres without improvement, and
the fee (title) yet in the government and the land unsurveyed, to sell all the
way from $100 to $2,700, the consequence of which was that when the

BOONE COUNTY WAR RECORD. 335
lands were hurried into market, these dupes were without money, and were
obliged to get their lands entered by 'money shavers,' the pre-damned of
mankind in all climes and ages, at from 25 to 40 per cent,, the result of
which was that many lost their farms in the end. Others struggled on,
knowing nothing but 20, 25 and 30 per cent., and this extortion and acqui-
esence entailed upon us more than all things else the embarrassments nnder
which the country has ever since struggled, and that now (18 ) rests like a
frightful incubus upon our people, prostrating and paralyzing every energy
and almost crushing out hope.
"There was one feature of this 'claim mania' that I could never under
stand. A very large proportion of the settlers who came in after the fall
of 1835 could not he induced to take up claims for themselves; they would
either buy or 'jump' (take forcible possession) a claim, although the lands
contiguous were- just as good, and they could have made their own claims;
yet, if they could neither buy nor 'jump' claims here, they would pass on to
other settlements where claims could be either bought or 'jumped.'
"Early in 1836, Col. Mack informed us that at the north, near the State
line, was a beautiful prairie surrounded by fine groves of timber, and being
anxious to induce settlements in the north part of the county, and knowing
the propensities of the new settlers to 'jump' claims, Lewis A. Doolittle,
Esq., and Dr. J. Briggs, who had just settled here, and myself started in
search of Round Prairie, supplied with blankets, horse feed, etc., our
hatchets in our belts, fully prepared for camping out. After wandering
about all day, we came upon the southwest corner of Round Prairie about
sundown. Drenched with rain and chilled with the northwest wind, we
soon kindled a fire in a ravine near the late residence of Rev. S. Walker,
built a hasty shanty of brush, and passed the night as best we could. The
next morning we went to work 'claim making.' We made claim of Round
and Long Prairies, blazed our trees, set our stakes, wrote'our own names and
any names that we happened to first think of, and where we had room wrote
vengeance against any and all who should 'jump' them. Well satisfied
with our day's toil we started for home. We had our accomplices in Bel
videre who would inform the immigrants of this beautiful region, and who
were sure to tell them it was claimed by ' land sharks' who never intended
to occupy the claims, but were holding them for sale. In a short time we
had the satisfaction of hearing that our claims were jumped, when we sent
all the threats possible, which induced, as we anticipated, the effort on the
part of the 'jumpers,' to hold the claims. The ruse was a successful one,
and we soon had the pleasure of knowing that they were permanently
occupied." The severity and duration of the winter of 1842-3 will long^be remem
bered by the people of that period in Boone Connty. October 6th snow
began to fall, continuing for two or three days, until it had attained a depth
of more than two feet. The stage-coaches, then running between Chicago
and Galena, were abandoned about the 9th for four-horse sleighs. The cold
continued to grow in intensity, and the surface of the snow, as well as beaten
tracks, became a glare of ice. Wagons and other wheeled vehicles were
useless, and runners came into general use. Preparations for such a win
ter had not been made, and there was much suffering among the people.
One-third of the stock, it is estimated, either froze or starved to death.
From the 6th of October, 1842, to near the middle of April, 1843 — six
months — the earth was covered with snow, packed by repeated falls, and

336 HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.
solid enough to bear any ordinary horse. The use of four-horse sleighs,
commenced on the 8th or 9th of October, was continued until the 5th of
April — the last " sleighing party " passing through Belvidere on that day.
There was thanksgiving and joy among the people when the last snow-drift
had melted away beneath the rays of that April's sun, and the green carpet
of spring time succeeded the white robes of the longest winter ever known
before or since.
With only a few more brief paragraphs, and we will close this book.
Its compilation has been a pleasant undertaking, but such pleasures can
not always last, and "the best of friends must part."
The first marriage solemnized from Boone County was that between
Dr. D. H. Whitney and Sarah Caswell, December 10, 1836 — and this while
Boone was a part of Winnebago County. This was his second marriage.
His first wife was Elizabeth P. Hazard, a relative of Commodore Perry, to
whom he was married July 5, 1828, in the State of New York. This wife
died September 7, 1 835, a short time after he had bade her adieu to find a
new family home in Illinois. His second wife died September 15, 1870.
From his last marriage six children were born, only two of whom grew to
manhood and womanhood. The daughter, Addie, is the wife of W. S.
Jones, merchant, of Belvidere. The son, Lieutenant Beverly Waugh Whit
ney, died in the army, for the maintenance of the Union, near Vicksburg,
aged 20 years and 9 months. His remains were brought home to Belvi
dere for burial.
Of the first births, we can find no written record, but Judge L. W.
Lawrence, who is a kind of local encyclopedia, tells us that the first child
born in the county was John Haskins, son of Ira Haskins and wife, and
that the event occurred in the winter of 1836-7. How he knows is this :
Mr. Haskins lived at that time in a small cabin over the mound beyond the
court-house. Their house was used as a house of worship, where meetings
were held every Sabbath. The house would generally be crowded, and
" Johnny " would be tucked away in his^little cradle, and the cradle shoved
under the table to economize room. The parents are both dead, and
"Johnny," grown into John, is a resident of Vermont. George H. Hart
well, born in the old town of Newburg, and Henry Sweet, of the Belvidere
post-office, son of Benjamin Sweet, have sometimes been disposed to contest
the honors with Mr. Haskins, but Judge Lawrence's evidence is received as
conclusive, although Messrs. Hartwell and Sweet are generally recognized
as the only representatives of the first births now living in the county.
A RECORD OF THE OLD PEOPLE.
What more fitting close for a volume entitled the Past and Present
can be offered, than the names ahd ages of a few old people, whose lives are
not only a part of the past and present of Boone Connty, but also of the
country at large ?
Father Petre, of Caledonia township, is said to be in his 108th year.
He is in full possession of all his faculties, and able to walk around the
house and door yard without help. Older than the union of the States.
Theophilus' Rix, Belvidere, is in his 99th year. On his 96th birthday,
his photograph was taken by J. Haynes.
Honor Plane, mother of John Plane, Belvidere, is in her 94th year.
She was born May 2, A. D. 1783.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY. 337
Mrs. Hannah Towner was bornin the town of Elmira, New York, Jan.
19, 1797, and is consequently in her 80th year.
Mrs. Polly Lillibridge was born in Wayne County, Penn., Aug. 26,
1791, and is in the 87th year of her age. She was the first white child
born in Mount Pleasant, in that county.
Martin Murch, father of Geo. W. Murch, merchant, South Belvidere,
celebrated his 88th birthday in December, 1876.
James B. Martyn, born in England, has passed his 76th birthday, and
on the 20th day of January, 1877, was presented with a healthy babe to
bless his old age.
John Greenlee, father ofthe Greenlee Brothers, Belvidere, was bornin
Argyleshire, in the Parish of South End, Scotland, August 16, 1791, and
celebrated his 86th birthday Aug. 16, 1877. He settled in Boone County,
Dec. 24, 1836. He retains a clear memory, and remembers the scenes and
incidents of the " long ago " as clearly as those of more recent occurrence.
Mrs. Clarissa Rockwell has passed her 83d birth day. Margery Collier
is likewise in her 84th year. Susan Wellington is 84.
Mrs. Ray was born in May, 1800, and was 77 years old in May, 1877.
Mrs. Nancy Webb was born in Salem, New York, in 1800, and is now
in her 77th year.
Mrs. Polly Mordoff is in her 81st year.
Green Terwilliger, father of J. S. and Dr. Simmons Terwilliger, was
born in 1798, and is therefore 79 years of age.
N. T. Ingalls is 76 years old.
John Murphy is 79 years of age.
Enos Tomkins was born in the city of New York, February 1, 1795,
and was 82 years old in February, 1877.
Charles McDougal, born in Canada, is in his 83d year. He settled in
Boone County in 1836.
S. P. Doty is in his 81st year, and as straight as an Indian.
Cephas Gardner is 77.
Oliver Hale is 79.
Mrs. Sarah Hoar Holmes was born at New Ipswich, New Hampshire,
June 24, 1787, and was 90 years old the 24th of June, 1877. She has
always been able to read without the use of eye-glasses, and is able to do
the finest kind of embroidery. Mrs. Holmes is a relative of the Hoars of
Massachusetts. Mrs. Rebecca L. Carver, a native of Pennsylvania, is 72 years of age.
Elijah Watson is 75 years of age, and his wife 73.
Joseph Harrington was 88 years of age March 14, 1877. He was born
in Washington county, New York.
Mrs. Zada Shattuck, Spring township, was born in Connecticut, July
9, 1788, and is consequently in her 90th year since July 9, 1877.
Mrs. Olive Shattuck, Spring township, was born in Litchfield, Con
necticut, November 10, 1788, and will be 89 years old the 10th of Novem
ber, 1877.
Joel Davis, Spring township, was born in Somersetshire, England, June
16, 1798, and is in his 79th year.
Joseph Harrington is in his 89th year. He was born in Washington
county, New York, March 14, 1789.
Baptist Young was born in Iniskilin, Ireland, April 1, 1793, and is in
his 85th year.

338 BOONE COUNTY WAR RECORD.
Mrs. Candace Fuller, the mother of General A. C. Fuller, was born at
New Britain, now Farmington, Conn., May 19, 1801, and was 76 years old
May L4. 1877. This lady is well preserved and quite active in mind and
body. Of strong likes and dislikes, she is either a very warm and ardent
friend, or the directly opposite. From her the General inherited those ster
ling qualities and traits of character that enabled him to arise from the
obscurity of a poor boy to a position among the first men of Illinois.
Uriah Hill is 88 years of age.
Erastus Shepardson is 77 years of age.
Marcus Linsley is 76 years of age.
Dyer Pierce is 85 years of age.
Phoebe Pierce is 77 years of age.
Mrs. Smith is in her 78th year.
Mrs. Electa Taylor, a native of Berkshire, Mass., is 70 years of age.
Although this lady has not reached our standard (75 years and upwards),
we consider her a subject eminently worthy of notice. She has been totally
blind for ten years. She lives entirely alone, discharges all her domestic
duties, such as cooking, etc.; conducts her own correspondence, manages
her own financial affairs, and singularly, does all that the smartest and
more fortunate of her sisters, or brothers, even, for that matter, could do,
and is thoroughly informed upon current events. She has always possessed
a most remarkable memory, and her early and middle-aged associations
were with such men as William H. Seward and his contemporaries. She
is as blithe and cheerful as any bright-eyed girl of twenty, and her heart
just as young. The order and neatness that prevail in her home ought to
be a reproach to thousands of her countrywomen from whose eyes God's
sunlight has not been shut out. But, shut out from her eyes, it has entered
her soul, and makes her cheerfully accept the decrees of the Great Omnipo
tent. " Socrates died like a philosopher." Electa Taylor lives the life of a
true woman, that she may die like Socrates.
The united ages of the Old People whose names are given in the above
list is equal to 3,014 years — an average of nearly 82 years each.
These are only a few who are known to have outlived the number of
years allotted to man. The record might be extended, but time is press
ing, and, in conclusion, we can but express the wish that the closing days
of their declining years may be as calm and quiet as their own beautiful
prairies in these autumnal days, loaded with bountiful harvest of grain and
fruitage, ripe and waiting to be garnered.

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.

339

OFFICIAL VOTE OF BOONE COUNTY, ILLINOIS.
The following is the Official Vote of Boone County, November 7, 1876.

NAMES. .

o

oj3
'j*P5

03
'3 O
-aO

mGO01

ap,

in30
«

a00

O
PS1-3

O

President.

200 20

595203 1

176 25 16

165 1
20

156 32 1

209 45

279 21 5

185 16

1965

Tilden 

363

45

Total
220
799
217
180
189
254
305
201
2373
Governor,
Cullom  
200 20
N200 20
594206596203 1
596203 1
596204 596203 1
596 204 1
227
403 168
176 42
177 25 15
177 25 16
177 41
177 2516
177 25 16
163 3124
164 22
164 1
21
165 1
21
165 22
165 1
21
165 1
21
142 39 5 1
i86 1
561 46
155 34
155 33 1
155 33 1
155 34
155 33 1
155 33 1
8670
33
210 44
210 44
210 44
210 44
210 44
210 44
122 8942
279 76
279 21 5
279. 21 5
279 25
279 21 5
279 21 5
189 9125
185 16
185 16
185 16
185 16
185 16
185 18
48
138 14
1946 460
Lieutenant Governor.
Shuman   ..
1968 363
43
Secretary of State.
200 20
200 20
200 20
1967
Thornton  
Hooten  
Auditor of Public Accounts.
363 44
1967
Hise  _
406
Treasurer of State.
Rutz   
1935
Gundlach 
363
44
Attorney General.
Edsall . 
200 20
1967
362
Cov -  
44
Congressional Hep.
Lathrop  _  __
173 2917
1150
Hurlbut 
890328
1
State Board of Equalization.
Hunt   -._
199 20
588 63
597204
1731 642 12
182 35
552 102
157 33
462 102
210 44
586117 89 15
167 78
110
142
281 23
845 69
184 16
555 48
1996
376
Hep. State Legislature.
Avery  1   
5880
A,shton _   . 
1149
101
15
County Attorney.
Fuller  
187 3533
185
475 316257538
152 65
101 117
120 6594
93
146 4235
154 4
183 2
157 32
195110 145
160
18
123113 78
1505
Wood  - 
844
Clerk Circuit Court.
De Munn   -- 
898
Sawyer 
1467
Sheriff.
4
Covey  
219
796
217
187
253
305
201
2365
2
Coroner.
204 15
507274
132 84
162 .24
74
179
268 35
159 42
1663
Williamson -  -
685
340

HISTORY OF BOONE COUNTY.

A TABULAR STATEMENT
Showing the Totals of Personal and Heal Property of Boone
County, for the year 1877.
Compiled by W. JV. Bennett, Deputy County Clerk.

ITEMS.

Horses of all ages   _  
Cattle of all aLes  _  
Mules and Asses of all pges     
' Sheep of all ages     
Hogs of all ages   
Steam Engines, including Boilers  ._-__ 
Fire or Burglar-Proof Safes.   ¦. 
Billiard, Pigeon Hole, Bagatelle or other similar Tables 
Carriages and Wagons of whatsoever kind   l 
Watches and Clocks   
Sewing or Knitting Machines.   
Piano Fortes  
Melodeons and Organs     
Patent Rights      
Merchandise on hand    
Material and Manufactured Articles on hand  
Manufacturers' Tools, Implements and Machinery (other than En
gines and Boilers, which are to be listed as such) 
Agricultural Tools, Implements and Machinery  
Gold and Silver Plate and Plated Ware   
Diamonds and Jewelry     
Moneys of Bank, Banker, Broker or Stock Jobber 
Credits of Bank, Banker, Broker or Stock Jobber. _ 
Moneys of other than Bank, Banker, Broker or Stock Jobber 
Credits of other than Bank, Banker, Broker or Stock Jobber 
Bonds and Stocks       
Shares of Capital Stock of Companies 'and Associations not incor
porated by the laws of this State   
Household or Office Furniture and Property 
Investments in Real Estate and Improvements thereon (see Sec. 10)
All other Personal Property required to be listed 
Shares of Stock of State or National Banks.   

Total Value op Personal Propebty.
LANDS.
Improved Lands, in acres*  
Unimproved Lands, in acres  

a
fe

5,931
16,238 70
14,502 12,747 5
43 7
2,4362,214 1,076 84
262 2

173,727 2,148

Total Value of Lands   
TOWN AND CITY LOTS.
Improved Town and City Lots   ' 2,518

Unimproved Town and City Lots
Total Value of Town and City Lots

250

PROPERTY BELONGING TO RAILROADS.
Lands other than "Railroad Track"  
Personal Property other than "Rolling Stock' ' 

Total Value of Railroad Propebtt.

Total Value of all Property as Assessed   7,389,522

bo aJ
C3 3

$46 64
17 48:
56 93|
1 97|
4 16
131 00
55 1l|
125 71 |
27 141
4 '"
16 60
75 42
42 52
202 50

25 26
20 61

453 69
75 06

\ 276,li07
283,816 3,985
28,526 52,997 655
2,370 880
66,123 10,362 17,869 6,335
11,140 405
434,335 4,9504,052
59,679 2,317 1,000
6,7075,584
80,529
477,187 2,000
3,000
102,684 350
49,08597,494

1,793,022
4,388,280 44,269

4,432,549

1,142,381 18,765

1,161,146 1,895 910
2,805

*Acree of Wheat, 1,198; of Corn, 32,632; of Oats, 24,244; of Meadow, 24,557; of other Field Products,
10,182; of Inclosed Pasture, 41,348; of Orchard, 2,127; of Woodland, 16,361.

BIOGRAPHICAL DiRECTORY.

ABBREVIATIONS.

Co  company or county
farm  *„_  farmer
I. V. I  -..Illinois Volunteer Infantry
I. V. C   Illinois Volunteer Cavalry
I. V. A  _  .Illinois Volunteer Artillery
mkr  maker

P. 0..__  PostOflice
prop  _  _  proprietor
SS or Sec  ._  _    section
st  ._  street
supt  :   superintendent
treas  treasurer

BELVIDERE TOWNSHIP.

[P. O. Belvidere.]

A BBOTT WILLIAM, laborer.
ABBE A11ZI, Farmer; Sec. 9;'
born in Berkshire Co., Mass., July 15,
1806; came to Belvidere, Boone Co.
in 1842, and has lived here 35 years ; he
ran a saw mill for several years ; he has
carted grain to Chicago, and sold wheat
for 50c per bushel, taking thirteen days to
make the trip ; owns 310 acres land, and
what is unusual, owns all the land he
wants ; has held office of Road Commis
sioner twelve years ; has also been School
Trustee and School Director; married
Sybil Bates, of Pittsfield, Mass., in 1829 ;
she died Oct. 30, 1864; he married Mrs.
Susan Collins, of N. Y., May 9, 1866; has
five children by first wife, George H.,
Charles E., John D., Ellen M., Mary J. ;
John D. was Lieutenant and Acting Ad
jutant in 95th Regt. I. V.I; was in Red
River campaign, and was sunstruck at
battle of Guntown; Mrs. Collins had five
children.
Abbott W. W. farmer; Sec. 2.
Adams E. W.
Ainsworth George, laborer.
Allen Charles, merchant.
ALL>EX D. W. Retired; born in
Oneida Co., N. Y., Nov. 15, 1817; lived in
that State 33 years, and was engaged in
Farming and Dairy business; came to
this Co. Sept. 21, 1850, and has lived here
27 years ; has held office of Town Trus
tee ; married Mary Rix, of Conn., in 1838 ;
she died in 1860 ; married Ruth F. Foster,
of ,Maine ; have two children, Francis A.,
and John R.
Allen Erastus, farmer.
Allen George, laborer.
Allen W. G.
Alwell Frank, barber.
Ames A. T. stock dealer.

Ames Baker, farmer.
AMES GEO. B. Dealer in Dry Goods,
Carpets, etc. ; born inWestfield, Chautauqua
Co., N. Y., Feb., 1837; removed to Belvi
dere, 1853; opened the first Drug, Book
and Paper Store on south side Nov. 1854,
being the only store on that side, in these
branches, for several years; added Diy
Goods, etc. in 1864 ; he sold the Book and
Paper business in 1868, and the Drug de
partment in 1870; he is also of the firm
of Ames, Lowry & Burnside, Boone, la. ;
he owns 1,500 acres of land in Iowa; mar
ried Miss Eva S. Watson, of Nashua, N.
H., Feb., 1861 ; the children of this union
are Cora E., Genevieve, Minnie, Alta Maud
and George B. Ames, Jr.; Minnie died
Oct. 8, 1867.
ANGELA ABNER, M. D„ Physi-
cian ; born in New Berlin, Chenango Co.,
N. Y., Jan. 6, 1816; lived in that State
until 27 years of age, and came to this
State in 1843, to Genoa, DeKalb Co. ; came
to this Co. in 1845, and has [lived here 32
years ; he has practiced his profession 34
years; was Surgeon in the army; was at
Camp Douglas, Chicago, and had charge
of the Post Hospital there ; married Miss L.
Augusta Caulkins, July 8, 1841 ; have three
children, Mrs. Cornelia A. Winne, born
May 15, 1843; Mrs. Ellen M. Sager, Jan.
25, 1845 ; Mrs. Frances Addie Smith, June
20, 1850.
Anderson Clark, painter.
Andrews H. G. farmer; Sec. 13." 't
Andrews Mervin, carpenter.
Andrus D. A. K.
•lAshton Seneca, farm ; Sec. 34.
Ashton L. farmer ; Sec. 34.
Askins Patrick, laborer.
AVERY EGBERT H. Carpenter
and Bridge Builder; born in Groton,
Conn., Jan. 1, 1816 ; lived in that State 40

342

BOOKE OOUHTT DIBEOTOBY:

years, engaged in Building business;
came to Belvidere, Boone Co., Oct. 4, 1854;
has lived here 23 years, engaged in Build
ing and Bridge Building; married Sarah
L. Cogshall, of New London, Conn., Nov.
9, 1840; have four children, Mrs. Mary
Blakesley, Mrs. Louisa Sykes, Charles and
Colby ; lost one daughter.
Avery Sidney, retired farmer.
Avery W. D. merchant.
"D ADGER JOHN, mechanic.
Bailey Daniel, farmer.
Bailey Spencer, farmer ; Sec. 13.
Baker J. H. farmer.
BALLARD EDWARD, Proprie
tor of old Newberg Saw-mill; Sec. 30;
born in Oswego, N. Y., Oct. 23, 1831;
lived in that State 23 years ; came to Illi
nois, Boone Co., in 1853; has lived here
24 years ; married S. E. Sheldon, of Mich.,
in April, 1855 ; she was daughter of F.
S. Sheldon, one of the earliest settlers of
Boone (Jo ; they have two children, M. E.,
born in 1856 ; Addie E., Feb., 1873 ; lost
one son, Frederick E.
Ballentyne Alex, laborer.
BALJLIET J. R. Music Dealer and
Dealer in Sewing Machines ; South State
st. ; born in town of Riley, McHenry Co.,
111., Feb. 26,1848; lived in that Co. 19
years, and came to city of Belvidere in
1867, and has been engaged in business of
Music Dealer and Sewing Machines for
the past five years ; married Miss Mary L.
Detrick, of this city, Dec. 24, 1874.
Barker Alpheus.
BARKER S. G. Farmer; Sec. 16;
born in Chenango Co., N. Y., Aug. 7, 1821 ;
lived in that State 23 years ; came to
Illinois, Boone Co., in 1844, and has lived
here 33 years; owns 190 acres of land;
has held offices of School Director and
Road Master; his first wife was Louisa
Spencer, of N. Y. ; she died June 2, 1872 ;
married Miss McMichael in 1874; he has
six children, five by his first wife and one
by his present wife ; three sons and three
daughters.
Barney H. P. farmer ; Sec. 8.
Barney John, farmer ; Sec. 18.
Barney S. C. farmer; Sec. 8.
' Barnes Calvin, farmer ; Sec. 10."
Barnes Jas. farmer ; Sec. 27.
BARNES JOHN. Farmer; Sec. 23;
born in Oneida Co., N. Y., Oct. 20, 1847 ;
lived there about 18 years ; came to Illi
nois, to Boone Co., in 1865, and has lived
here 12 years ; rents farm of 230 acres
from M. S. Molony ; married Miss Jessie
Wrate, of Belvidere, Boone Co., Nov. 5,
1872; she was born in Westfield, Vt., Sept.
23, 1853.

Barnes Orrin, farmer; Sec. 11.
Barnes Richard, farmer ; Sec. 27.
Barr Andrew, mechanic.
Barr Wm. mechanic.
Barrett Pat. laborer.
Barrett W. H.
BARR1NGER MARTIN, Retired;
born in Rensellaer Co., N. Y., July 19,
1806 ; lived in that Co. 23 years, and in
Genesee Co. 10 years; came to Illinois,
DeKalb Co., in 1843 ; has lived in Belvi
dere eight years; engaged in Farming
many years ; has held office of Road Com-
jnissioner; married Mary Ann Ives, of
Rensellaer Co., N. Y, July 3, 1827; she
was born Dec. 11, 1810, and died June 27,
1874; married Mrs. Lunah Sage, of Gene
see Co., N. Y., Aug. 12, 1874; has*five
children, Edward, Alidah, Mary E., Pi-
delia, Susan J. ; lost one daughter.
Bartlett John G. laborer.
Basnics Charles, laborer.
Bassett Simon, retired.
Bassett S. B. mechanic.
Beck John, wagon maker.
Beckington O. auctioneer.
Bement F. B. retired farmer.
Bement George, jeweler and dentist.
Benedict F. retired clergyman.
Bennett A. F. farmer ; Sec. 10.
Bennett H. D. mechanic.
Bennett J. A. farmer ; Sec. 25. ¦
Bennett J. H. farmer ; Sec. 1.
BENNETT MRS. MARY S. born
Groton, Mass., May 25, 1805 ; lived there
thirty-four years, and came to this State
and Co. in 1839 ; has lived here thirty-eight
years ; one of few early settlers now living
that were here when she came ; married
Jas. Bennett, Jan. 5, 1830 ; he was born in
Groton, Mass., Nov. 25, 1802; he was a
large land owner in this Co. ; died Aug.
20, 1868; children: Jas. A., born Nov. 25,
1830; Samuel, born Nov. 14, 1832, died
Nov. 25, 1875; John H., July 7, 1835;
Sarah J., April 12, 1838; Geo. S., May 25,
1843 ; Charles, Oct. 8, 1845 ; Joshua, Sept,
25, 1848, died March 23, 1850 ; George was
in army, Co. B, 95th I.V.I., and was taken
prisoner for one year and fourteen days
and released.
BENNETT WILLIS H. Deputy
County Clerk, Belvidere ; born Erie, Pa.,
Aug. 24, 1851 ; lived there 8 years, and
came to Ills., to Boone Co., in 1859 ; was
salesman in hardware house in Chicago
for 4 years ; has occupied his present posi
tion for past 3 years ; his parents reside
here ; his father, Henry D. Bennett, was
native of N. Y. State, and came here over
30 years ago ; one of the early settlers.
BENTLEY MARTIN C. Farmer;
born in Franklin Co., Vt., Jan. 1, 1805;

BELVIDEEE TOWNSHIP.

343

lived in that State seventeen years, and
came to Illinois, Boone Co., in 1844; has
lived here thirty-three years ; engaged in
farming many years ; used to cart his grain
to Chicago and Milwaukee ; sold his wheat
for 50y2c to |1.00 per bushel; held office
County Commissioner before the town was
organized ; has held offices of Supervisor,
Assessor and School Trustee; married
Sallie M. Woodruff, Feb. 7, 1832; she was
born Erie Co., N. Y., Aug. 2, 1810 ; have
five children ; Mrs. Julia Ann Foote, Mrs.
Frances G. Phoenix, Mrs. Alice J. Sherrill,
Helen J. Bentley, Mrs. Georgie E. Wit
beck ; lost three children.
Benway Edw. laborer.
Berman John, clerk.
Best Rev. E. C. clergyman.
Bidwell Hiram, mechanic.
Bigelow J. grocer.
Bishop E. R. merchant.
Bishop J. J. R. R. employe.
Blaisdell Jas.
Blakey Wm. shoemaker.
Boardman H. W. farmer ; Sec. 22.
BOGARDUS ELI, Farmer; born
Onondaga Co., N. Y., Aug. 16, 1812; lived
there twenty-three years ; came to Branch
Co., Mich. ; lived there fifteen years ; came
to Boone Co., to Belvidere, in 1850, and
has lived here twenty-six years ; cultivates
broom corn to large extent, and has raised
as much as 800 acres in one year ; he is the
pioneer in broom corn business in this
State ; owns two farms, 273 acres ; married
Maria Griffin, from Onondaga Co. N. Y.,
April 2, 1834; have three children: Mrs.
Emeline Bunker, Mrs. Elizabeth Shaw,
Mrs. Etta Adams.
Born A. W. barber.
BOWLEY HENRY P. Dry Goods
Merchant ; born in Sussex, England, Sept.
27, 1837; came to this country in 1855;
came to Belvidere same year; went to
California in 1861, and returned in 1866 ;
in 1875 he succeeded Mr. Jas. Rider in the
Dry Goods business, J. G. Stevens becom
ing associated with him; married Miss
Hannah Rider of Belvidere, June 27,
1866. James Rider, father of Mrs. Bow-
ley, came to Belvidere in 1851 ; he opened
the first store on the south 'side of the
river July 4, 1852; he died in 1875; his
widow, Mrs. A. Rider, resides here.
Bowley M. E. jeweler.
Boyce Wm. M. shoemaker.
Boyle C. farmer; Sec. 7.
Braden Wm. mechanic.
Brady J. J. merchant tailor.
Brennan Edw. saloon keeper.
Brennan M. F. saloon keeper.
Brooks B. J. farmer; Sec. 2.
Brown J. D. attorney.

Bruce E. R. farmer ; Sec. 4.
Bruce John, farmer.,
Bruner Geo. laborer.
Brundridge F. mechanic.
Buchanan A. photographer.
Bucklin S. D.
Burnside A. W. physician.
Bush A. farmer ; Sec. 10.
BUSH A. C. Carpenter ; born St. Law
rence Co. N. Y., March 15, 1826; lived
there seventeen years, and came to this
town and Co. in 1843 ; has lived here thirty-
three years; only one log house in town,
on South Side; married Laura E. Hall,
from Erie Co., Penn., in Feb., 1849 ; have
four children : Emerson, Ira, Bennie and
May.
Butler Mike, shoemaker.
Butler Nicholas, mechanic.
Butler Pat. farmer.
/^ ARNEY JOHN, laborer.
CAMPBELL GEORGE IV. Farm
er; Sec. 19; born in Otsego Co., N. Y.,
Aug. 11, 1820 ; lived in that State sixteen
years ; came to Illinois, to Boone Co., in
1836, and has lived here forty-one years ;
one of the few early settlers now living
that were here at that time ; plenty of In
dians here when he came ; used to cart his
grain to Chicago ; no cash market here ;
has sold wheat at 75c a bushel ; owns 208
acres land ; has held office of School Di
rector; married Cornelia Marsh, from
Plainfield, Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1850;
they have five children: Ellen, Mary,
George, Frank and Georgiette; iost one
daughter.
Carpenter Chas. mechanic.
Carpenter Frank A. mechanic.
CASE E. W. Groceries and Provisions ;
was born in Bark Hamsted, and came
from there to city of Belvidere in 1868,
and engaged in the grocery trade and is
doing an extensive business; he has two
stores, one on north side, corner State and
Mechanic streets, jand one on south side
on State street ; he sells more goods than
any merchant in Boone Co., his sales
amounting in 1876 to $75,000, and in 1877
will amonnt to $100,000.
Case Eliphalet, shoemaker.
Chamberlin Frank, farmer.
Chamberlin T. M. farmer.
Cheeney John, laborer.
Church Alanson, cooper.
Church Chas. cooper.
Clark H. E. musician.
Coffin Isaac, gardener.
COVEY S. L. See end of this Tp.
CRARY M. E. (Mrs.) See end of this Tp.

344

BOONE COUNTY DlBEOTOEY!

Coleman Otis, nurseryman.
Collier John, marble cutter.
Collier Thos. carpenter.
Collins Edw. farmer ; Sec. 9.
CONGER JEPPERSON, Farmer;
Sec. 36; born in Westerlo, Albany Co.,
N. Y., March 30, 1837 ; lived there eighteen
years ; came to Boone Co., Ills., in 1854,
and has lived here twenty-three years;
has been engaged in Lumber business in
Michigan for past ten years; owns farm
of 160 acres just outside city limits; his
mother, Mrs. Eliza Conger, lives with
him ; his father, John Conger, died March
25, 1874; they were from Albany Co.,
N. Y. ; he has two brothers, one here and
one in Iowa ; he has four sisters, two in
this Co., one in Michigan, and one in
Iowa.
Conley C. laborer.
Conley Jas. laborer.
Conley M. J. mechanic.
Cook Jas. mechanic.
Cook Jas. harness-maker.
COON R. W. Publisher of Belvidere
Northwestern ; born in Frankfort, Clinton
Co., Ind., May 31, 1842; came to this
Slate, to Peoria Co., in 1850; went to Al
ton, Madison Co., in 1855, and went to
Panu in 1851 ; came to this town and Co.
in 1870, and has published the Belvidere
Northwestern seven years; married Miss
Susan Bacon, from New Hampshire, in
1866; she died in 1868; married Miss
Mary A. Keeler, of this city and Co., in
1872; has three children, Emma M., Edith
M., and Blanche M.
Cooper D. D. constable.
Cornell W. H. mechanic.
Coultrup David, mechanic.
Coultrup Wm. mechanic.
Courtney D. G. student.
Courville Chas. mechanic.
Covey George, laborer.
Covey S. L. sheriff and stock dealer.
CRANDALL LUCIAN L. Born in
Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y., Aug. 11,
1815 ; lived in that State twenty-nine years,
and came to Boone Co., to Belvidere, July
4, 1845, and has lived here thirty-two
years ; one of the earlier settlers ; married
Serena C. Stevens, from Allegheny Co.,
N. Y., Jan. 15, 1840 ; they have one child,
Mary F. ; lost one daughter, Adelle E.
Crary F. R. druggist.
Crinklaw James, butcher.
CRONK. ENOCH, Farmer; Sec. 13;'
born in Dover, Dutchess Co., N. Y., March
11, 1805; lived in that State seventeen
years, and came to Boone Co. in 1842, and
has lived here thirty-five years ; one of the
early settlers ; only a few shanties in the
town of Bonus at that time ; used to cart

grain to Chicago, and has sold his wheat
at 30, 35 and 40c a bushel ; took seven days
to make trip ; married Mary Denny, from
Dover, Dutchess Co., N. Y., in December,
1826; she was born June 28, 1806; they
have been married fifty-one years; have
three children, Richard, Abbie Jane, aud
Joel ; lost two children.
Cross S. L. farmer.
Cunningham H. merchant.
Cunningham M. laborer.
Curtis Peter, laborer.
Curtis Stephen, merchant.

D

ALE JAMES, painter.

Danforth G. H. grocer.
Darnmelle J. W. retired merchant.
Darville J. C. hotel-keeper.
Dawson James F. farmer; Sec. 15.
Dawson John, mechanic.
Dawson Wm. mechanic.
Dawson Wm. M. farmer ; Sec. — .
Dean C. B. attorney.
DEAN GEORGE, Retired; born in
Ireland, December 18, 1803; lived there
twenty-nine years ; came to Lower Canada
in 1832 ; lived there twelve years ; came' to
this country in 1844, and to this Co. the
same year; has lived here thirty-three
years ; engaged in farming many years ;
has carted grain to Chicago and sold his
wheat at 40c a bushel; held commission
of Coroner in 1853, under administration
of F. Pierce; has held offices of Super
visor, and Road Commissioner; married
Matilda J. Willis, in Ireland, in 1832; she
died in 1846; married Elizabeth Smith,
formerly Elizabeth Davis, Sept. 30, 1858;
• she was born in Maine, Sept. 27, 1816;
two children, George W. and Mary Jane
Martyn.
^Dean G. W. farmer ; Sec. 14.
Delias Peter, laborer.
DeMunn Geo. clerk.
DeMUNN HORATIO C. Born in
Genesee Co., N. Y., Nov. 12, 1824; lived in
that State twenty-one years ; came to Bel
videre, Boone Co., in 1845, and has lived
in this Co. thirty-two years ; has been en
gaged in farming and teaching school;
was appointed Deputy Circuit Clerk in
1856; was appointed Circuit Clerk in
1863 ; was elected County Clerk in 1864,
re-elected in 1868, and again re-elected in
1872; was elected County Treasurer in
1859 ; married Miss Abagail A. Stackpole,
Nov. 22, 1849 ; she was from Maine, and
born Nov. 24, 1830 ; they have four chil
dren : George M., born Aug. 4, 1852 ; Ella
J., February 14, 1854; Kiltie A., April 10,
1860; M. Gertrude, Jan. 4, 1866.
Dennison D. A. mechanic.

\\

{ $cr^te\

BELVIDERE TP.

BELVIDEEE TOWNSHIP.

347

DERTHICK DUDLEY, Butcher
and Meat Business ; born in Chicago, Nov.
1 20, 1847 ; lived there two years, and came
to this Co., to Belvidere, in 1849, and has
lived here twenty-eight years; was in
a printing office three years, and has been
engaged in butcher business sixteen years ;
married Miss Martha Sisk, of Paris, Edgar
Co., 111., Aug. 19, 1872; they have two
children: Grace Dudley, born June 10,
1874 ; Walter M., Nov. 28, 1875.
Derthick Nelse, mechanic.
Derthick Wm. H. mechanic.
Devlin Arthur, laborer.
Devlin Thomas, laborer.
Dickerman O. farmer.
Dingman Joseph, farmer; Sec. 32.
Dingman S. farmer.
Dodge W. R. justice of peace and attorney.
Dolan John, laborer.
Donnelley Francis, laborer.
Donohue James, laborer.
Donohue Thomas, laborer.
Donovan T. farmer ; Sec. 9. •
DOOLITTLE MRS. MARY, Sec.
25 ; born in Essex Co., N. Y., Nov. 20,
1823 ; lived in that State twenty-six years,
and came to Belvidere, Boone Co., in 1849,
and has lived here twenty-eight years;
married Rival Doolittle, in January, 1858 ;
he was born in Vermont, in 1820, and re
moved to New York when about 18 years
old, and came to this Co. in 1836 ; one of
the early settlers ; they have one son, John
R., born Aug. 18, 1863 ; he had one son,
Fred. H., born March 6, 1850.
Doran H. constable.
DOTY SIMON P. Proprietor Belvi
dere Hotel ; born in Dutchess Co., N. Y.,
May 9, 1797 ; lived in that State and was
sailing on coast for a number of years ;
came to this Co. in July, 1835, and has
lived here over forty-two years, and he is
the oldest male settler now living in this
Co. ; the Pottawattamie Indians were here
when he came ; he helped pull down their
wigwams, and burned them in 1836; he
still owns the lands he first camped on
when he came, in 1835 ; has kept hotel over
forty years ; he has held office of Sheriff
of this Co., and also Commissioner; he
married Elizabeth Brewster, of New York ;
she died in 1855 ; married Matilda Stiles,
of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y.
Dow H. L. insurance agent.
Downs G. W. retired farmer.
Downs James, laborer.
Downs Mike, laborer.
Doyle Garnett, fanner. .
Doyle Peter, laborer.
Doyle Wm. laborer.

Dubois Cornelius, Retired;
born in Franklin Co., N. Y., April 3,
1813; lived there twenty-two years, and
came to Belvidere in 1836, and has lived
here forty-one years ; one of the earliest
settlers; only very few now living here
that were at that time ; engaged in farm
ing many years ; used to cart his grain to
Chicago, and has sold wheat at 50c a
bushel, taking five to eight days to make
trip ; has held office of School ^Director
and Roadmaster; married Mary Sheldon,
from New York, in the spring of 1838 ;
she died in 1849 ; they had one son, Fred
erick S. ; married again to Mrs. Julia
Watkins, formerly Julia Brink, of Gene
see Co., N. Y., March 2, 1852; have one
son, Lewis A., born June 22, 1854; Mrs.
Watkins had one son, Nathan. W.
DuBOIS FRED. S. Farmer; Sec. 18;
born in Belvidere, Boone Co., on the place
where he now resides, Oct. 3, 1842; has
lived here thirty-five years ; only a few
persons born in Boone Co. now living
here older than he; is engaged in farm
and dairy business ; owns a farm of 130
acres ; married Celestia M. Gleason, April
25, 1867; she was born in the town of
Guilford, Winnebago Co., 111., April 30,
1844 ; they have one child, Mary Eunice,
born Sept. 8, 1873.
Dunbar W. W. ; clerk.
Dunlavy Frank, laborer.
Dunton G. B. farmer; Sec. 24. •
DUNTON WM. S. President First
National Bank.
Dupuy D. D. farmer.
Dupuy G. laborer.
Durham Wm. H. ; agent.
EASTON REV. T. C. Presbyterian
clergyman.
Edgecomb D. J. blacksmith.
EISSFELDT REV. CHAS. F.
TH. Pastor Evangelical Lutheran Im-
manuel Church; born Milwaukee, Nov.
29, 1854; lived there 16 years; entered the
Preparatory there and spent 2 years; then
entered the Northwestern University at
Watertown, Wis., and spent 4 years, and
went to St. Louis and studied 3 years in
Theological Concordia Seminary ; passed
examination June 15, 1877 ; he received a
call to the Evangelical Lutheran Imman.
uel Church, Belvidere, and also to the Ger
man Lutheran Church, Pecatonica, Win
nebago Co., Ills.
Ellick George, farmer.
Ellis D. E. physician.
Erffmeyer F. ; laborer.
Erwin G. L. farmer.
Erwin Wm. S. farmer; Sec. 4.
Estell D. G. mechanic
Escalt Henry.

348

BOONE COUNTY DIBBOTOBY:

FARRAR & QUACKENBOSS,
Livery and Boarding Stable, opposite
Julian House, Belvidere; J. H. Farrar
was born in Oxford Co., Maine, March 28,
1848 ; came to this Co. in 1867 ; married S.
J. Decosta, from Oxford Co., Maine; they
have three children.
Farrar J. M. laborer.
Fay D. A. farmer; Sec. 13. •
Feakins Charles, butter dealer.
Fellows J. H. mechanic.
Fewins Eli, mechanic.
Fish Garnett, pump maker.
Flaack I. H. mechanic.
Flynn M. J. merchant tailor.
FOOTE DANIEL E. Physician;
born in Chenango Co., N. Y., April 7,
1828 ; studied medicine with Dr. Frederick
Hyde, of Cortlandville, N. Y., Prof. Syra
cuse University and Dean of Medical
Faculty; graduated University of Buffalo
in 1851; practiced in Tioga Co., N. Y. ;
came to Belvidere in May, 1854, and has
practiced his profession here 23 years ; has
held office Board of Town Trustees and
Coroner; is member American Medical
Association, State Medical Society, and
one of its vice presidents in 1876; was
member International Medical Congress
held in Philadelphia in 1876; married
Miss Martha E. Updegraff, from Tioga Co.,
N. Y., July 19, 1853; three children,
daughters, Stella E., Hattie L., Mary I.
Foote J. C. druggist.
FOOTE HON. JOHN J. It has
ever been a subject of debate whether
grand occasions give rise to our celebrated
men or that our celebrated men occasion
the grand and important epochs in his
tory. It allows the largest amount of ar
gument on both sides, for it may be shown
that without certain events transpiring
there would have been nothing to devel
op the genius, enterprise and skill of our
celebrated men ; while, on the other hand,
it can be argued that many of the most
brilliant occasions might have arisen and
passed unnoticed had not the genius of
the hour seized upon them and made
them serve the good of their generation
and universal humanity. The truly great
man is not made so by the mere elevation
to important positions of civil or sacred
responsibilities. The man who can dis
charge duty in despite of opposition — the
man who can reverence his conscience so
greatly as to preserve it unharmed — the
man who can wield the largest amount of
benevolent power for his fellow men —
bringing tact and executive and adminis
trative ability to his post of duty and
honor— may be truly classed as exhibiting
that type of greatness so much needed to
meet the exigencies of our times. That
the subject of the present sketch merits

all this noble and generous distinction,
will appear in the following brief synop'.
sis of his life and official career.
John J. Foote was born in Hamilton,
Madison County, N. Y., on the 11m of
February, 1816. He was educated at Ham.
ilton Academy, and there pursued his
classical course, and received the honorary
degree of Master of Arts from Madison
University, in 1837. In 1858, he em
barked in the mercantile trade, and con-
tinued in the same until his removal
West. In his business career" he was
marked for strict integrity and financial
success. He became early identified with
the educational institutions of his native
town, and maintained a deep and abiding
interest in their rise, growth, and pros
perity. At an early period he took an
active and prominent position in both
local and State politics. As a mark of the
high esteem in which he was held by all
citizens, irrespective of party, he was
elected to important offices in his native
town when the opposite party was largely
in majority — frequently holding the office
of Supervisor and Chairman of the County
Board. Repeatedly, offices of great trust
were offered and declined, such as Canal
Commissioner, and, in 1853, the unan
imous nomination of the Whigs of the
Twentieth District, composed of Madison
and Oswego counties, for a seat in the
Senate. But, in the fall of 1857, the Re
publican party, of which he was one of the
prominent founders, brought him forward
and elected him to a seat in the Senate,
representing the counties of Madison,
Chenango and Cortland, by the largest
majority ever given to any member from
that district.
Senator Foote, during his senatorial ca
reer, introduced what is known as, and has
become a part of our national history,
"The Personal Liberty Bill," which en-
listed the most active sympathies and
keenest debate among the leading men in
the New York Legislature. While in the
senate he was associated and taken into
counsel with the most prominent minds
in the state, among which might he named
his Excellency, Gov. Morgan, Hon. Thur
low Weed, Vice President Wheeler, and
others, and was always admired for his
qualities as a statesman, and especially for
his noble, independent and severe honesty.
A man who in the support and vindication
of true principles, was as inflexible as
Caesar, as just as Aristides, and as pure
as Cato!
In 1860 he represented in the elec
toral college of New York, the counties
of Oswego and Madison. Owing to fail
ing health, he relinquished business and
came to Belvidere, Boone Co., Illinois, in
the fall of 1865, to take charge of his large
and thrifty farm, located near to the town,
and has been twice elected President of
the Boone Counly Agricultural Society,

BELVTDEBE TOWNSHIP.

349

and repeatedly Supervisor of the town and
Chairman of the County Board.
So wide and extensive was his range of
influence among the leading official men
of the state and city of New York, that
upon the heavy defalcations in the Post
office of New York city during the ad
ministration of General v Jones as Post
master, the result of an utter want of
system, which characterized his and pre
vious administrations, and want of execu
tive ability to eradicate existing evils of
maladministration, that Mr. James, who
had received the appointment of Post
master, and who was required to give
bonds to the amount of $600,000, was
requested by his bondsmen and other
leading men, to induce Mr. Foote to . take
charge of the financial department of the
Post-office. Owing to the critical state of
his health, he only consented, after repeat
ed and urgent solicitations, to accept the
position temporarily, as ' Auditor. Such,
however, was his executive ability and ad
ministrative tact, that he was enabled to
recover the office from its long disinte
grated and demoralized state of affairs,
to the most rigid system and order, so as
to command the admiration of all the
officials at Washington ; the plan of whose
operations is now adopted in several large
cities of the United States! During his
term in the New York city Post-office, he
had entire charge of the financial arrange
ments of the Postoffice, including the con
struction of the new Post-office and Court
house building, costing several millions
of dollars. The business of the New
York Post-office is enormous; the trans
actions of one department — the money
order— reaches the sum of $35,000,000per
annum. There are twenty branch Post
offices, all comprised under the New York
city Post-office. As a sample of the im
mense business of this Post-office, the
mail matter of one department of Mr.
Foote's division— the newspaper and pe
riodical department delivered in the course
of one year, would make a train of 76
. miles long of wagons, each wagon con
taining one ton !
Mr. Foote was Auditor in charge ofthe
first division, and acting Post-master dur
ing the absence of the Postmaster. The
assignment of duties of his division we
find as follows: "The supervision and
keeping of all accounts between the office
and Postoffice at Washington, and the
Custodian Division and the U. S. Treasury
Department ; the supervision of all official
matters envolving the disbursements and
receipt of money, including the auditing
accounts of Cashier and of all the divisions
and departments and branches of the
office, of all pay-rolls and of all vouchers,
bills and requisitions for construction,
services, supplies and repairs ; the super
vision ofthe Unpaid Postage Department,
and of the payment of postage by stamps,

or otherwise, or mailable matter deposited
or received for delivery at the office ; and
supervision of the depository for mail
locks and mail pouches, and sacks received
for distribution or repairs, and the depart
ment for repairs of the same, and care
and preservation of the Postoffice and
Court House building, heating apparatus,
machinery, furniture and fixtures; con
struction, repairs, changes in building and
furniture, or fixtures; and service and
material for the same ; and supervision of
the Engineers' Department."
Upon Mr. Foote's retirement from the
office, the most flattering testimonials
from Postmaster James and the several
heads of the varied departments were pre
sented, all expressing regret at his with
drawal from the high and distinguished
position he had so successfully occupied,.
and also expressing the kindest wishes for
his future happiness and restored health.
The following letter was presented to Mr.
Foote from Postmaster James, on tending
his resignation :
Post-office, New York City"]
Office of the Postmastee. April 7, 1876.
My Bear Senator — I have the honor to
acknowledge the receipt of your letter
tendering your resignation as Auditor of
this office, to take effect the 30th instant.
The friendship that has existed between
us for more than a quarter of a century,
and my knowledge of your personal worth,
rare executive and financial ability, to
gether with your unflinching courage and
sterling integrity, would impel me to ask
the withdrawal of your resignation but for
the fact stated in your letter — that your
private business is suffering from want of
your attention, and that your health is
giving way under the great strain placed
upon it by your untiring labors in your
division of the work of this office.
In .thus reluctantly accepting your res
ignation, I desire to thank you for the zeal
and fidelity with which you have dis
charged the varied duties of your division,
and to express the hope that your private
life in the future may be as pleasant to
you and yours as your past official life has
been beneficial to the public whom you
have so faithfully served.
I shall, however, fill the office of Auditor
temporarily, in the hope that, after a few
months' rest, your health and private bus
iness will permit you to resume its duties.
I am, my dear aenator,
Very truly yours,
Thomas L. James, Post-master.
The Honorable John J . Foote,
Auditor New York Post-office.
The following resolutions, elaborately
and artistically executed, were handsomely
framed and presented on his retirement
from officio ""

350

BOONE COUNTY DIEEOTOBY:

Post-Office, New York City, )
April 8th, 1876. (
Hon. John J. Foote, Auditor New Fork
Post-Office:
Dear Sir: As the official relations which
for nearly three years have existed between
yourself and the undersigned, are, as we
understand, shortly to be terminated by
your resignation, we desire to express to
you the regret which each of us experi
ences at parting with one whose personal
qualities and official conduct have, during
that time, secured at once our friendship
and respect. Entering the service, as you
did, without previous knowledge of the
details of its operations or of the compli
cated regulations which govern them, your
persistent industry and untiring persever
ance soon enabled you to acquire a famili
arity with postal affairs equal to that pos
sessed by those of long experience, while
the business talents which had so well
served you in your previous mercantile
career enabled you to introduce, and to put
in successful operation, improvements the
effect and benefit of which are now appa
rent to all, and will long be felt and ap
preciated hereafter. While you have been
strict and unswerving in your own ad
herence, and in requiring the adherence of
others, to the rules and principles which,
in fulfillment of the duty assigned to you
by the Postmaster as supervisor of the
financial affairs of this office, you have
found it necessary to prescribe, your in
tercourse with us in regard to those mat
ters has Deen marked by a courtesy and
consideration which will leave none but
pleasant remembrances in connection
therewith. In taking leave of you we beg to offer
our congratulations on the relief from the
cares of official life which your retirement
will afford, and to tender our best wishes
• for your happiness and prosperity up to
and beyond that time when the final ac
counts of all shall be audited, with errors
and omissions excepted.
Very truly your friends, H. G. Pearson,
Wm. H. Wareing, H. Major, Wm. M.
Heagerty, Geo. F. Hopper, J. Gayler, Levi
Blakeslee, Wm. Plimley, E. Y. Ten Eyck,
Hugh Gardner, Anthony Yeoman, John
Richards, Charles Forrester, R. C. Jackson.
Thus terminated his official relations
with the New York postoffice, command
ing the highest respect and praise from
many in the metropolis who had learned
of his able and efficient administration as
Auditor. The press tendered him, also,
unqualified commendations for his effi
cient fulfilment of all the duties assigned
to that responsible position.
Here in his own town and among all
the citizens of Boone County, both him
self and family are universally beloved.

Foote Wm. S. dentist.
Fosage Fred, laborer.
FOSTER LEIGHTON, Retired;
born in Limerick, Maine, April 19, 1810;
lived in New Portland, Dover and Bangor
' 43 years ; came to Belvidere in 1852, and
has lived in Boone Co. 25 years, and was
engaged in farming many years ; has held
office of Town Trustee; married Miss
Clarissa Ricker, March 7, 1833 ; she was
born in New Portland, Maine, April 6,
1813 ; they have three children, Mrs. Ruth
Fallen, John R, Seth L. Foster.
Fox W. I. manufacturer (shoemaker).
FRANCIS JAMES, Farmer ; Sec. 33 ; *
born in Sussex Co., Eng., Nov. 18, 1838;
came to this country in 1853; came to
Boone Co., Belvidere, the same year, and
has lived here 24 years ; he married Miss
Sallie E. Moore, from Cortland Co., N. Y.,
June, 1863 ; have one child, Celona Frances,
born March 11, 1869; have lost two daugh
ters, Anna Belle, Mary Jane.
FREEMAN JOHN D. Carpenter;
born in Allegheny Co., N. Y., June 26,
1825; went to Pennsylvania when nine
years of age, lived there twenty-one years ;
came to this town and Co. in 1855, and has
lived here twenty-two years ; married Pol-
lie Northrup, of Schoharie Co., N. Y.,
Dec. 24, 1846; she was born July 12, 1813;
they have two children : James, born Nov.
29, 1848; Clara, May 9, 1854.
Fritz Chas. mechanic.
* FROOM ELIJAH G. Farmer; Sec.
16 ; born in Ogdensburg, N. Y., July 14,
1812; lived there and in Canada twenty
years, came to this Co. Aug. 12, 1840 ; only
had 9 cents in his pocket when he arrived;
has lived here 37 years ; one of the early
settlers ; he used to cart grain to Chicago,
also pork ; has taken 6,500 lbs. of pork at
one load to Chicago; has sold winter
wheat at 44 cents, corn 10 cents, and po
tatoes 5 cents a bushel ; owns farm of 109
acres ; married Mrs. Rhoda Cross, formerly
Rhoda Eggleston, July 24, 1842; she was
born in Washington Co., N. Y., June 13,
1813, and came to Chicago in 1837 ; an
early settler ; she had one child, S. L. Cross.
Froom George, grocer.
Froom P. S. grocer.
FULLER GEN. ALLEN C.,Whose
portrait appears in this work, was born in
Farmington, Hartford Co., Conn., on Sept.
24, 1822; he studied law with Judge J. R.
Doolittle, of Warsaw, N. Y., now of Chi
cago, and was admitted to the practice of
law in the Supreme Court of the State of
N. Y. ; he came to Belvidere in 1846, a
young lawyer, with nothing but industty,
integrity, and capacity, to recommend
him to the people — how well they have
served him his present enviable reputation
shows ; he was elected Judge of the Cir
cuit Court, and discharged the duties of

BELVIDEEE township.

351

that high office with marked ability ; the
breaking out of the rebellion found him
upon the bench; he was tendered the posi
tion of Adjutant General ; the members
of the bar opposed his resignation, and
urged him to accept the appointment tem
porarily ; he entered upon its duties Nov.
11, 1861, and in July following resigned
his seat on the bench. The following
extract from a report of a Legislative
Committee appointed to inspect the Adju
tant General's office tells how faithfully
he performed the arduous duties pertain
ing to his trust :
"That we have thoroughly exam
ined the office of the Adjutant Gen
eral and find it a model in completeness,
one that preserves in all its glory the proud
records of our soldiery, and reflects infinite
credit upon the great state whose sons
they are :
"That in the judgment of this com
mittee the thanks of every patriotic
citizen of the state are due to Gen. Fuller
for the able and efficient manner in which
he has discharged the duties of the office,
and for his indefatigable efforts in collect
ing and preserving the glorious record of
a glorious state."
Gov. Yates thus refers to his invaluable
services: "I acknowledge myself deeply
indebted to Gen. Fuller in the manage
ment of the military affairs of the state.
He has been a most able, faithful and en
ergetic officer, and is entitled to the grati
tude of the state." In 1864, he was elected
to represent Boone Co. in the General
Assembly, and on the first of January
resigned the position of Adjutant General
and was chosen Speaker of the House of
Representatives. He has filled the office
of State Senator with credit to his constit
uancy and honor to himself.
With the exception of Gov. Yates, no
other name is mentioned so frequently
and favorably in state military matters as
that of Gen. Fuller. The boys in blue re
member him as a true friend, and will ever
extend to him a cordial place in their
memories. Wherever Illinois and her
gallant sons are mentioned, Gen. Fuller
will be among her Brightest Jewels or
Noblest Heroes.
FULLER CHARLES E. Attorney
and Counsellor at Law; born in Flora,
Boone Co., 111., March 31, 1849; son of
Seymour and Eliza A. Fuller, who came
to Illinois from Genesee Co., N. Y., and
settled in Flora Tp., Boone Co., in 1845,
where they still reside; attended district
school until 12 years of age; in 1861 to
1863. clerked in store in Belvidere for
uncle, Mr. J. C. Mordoff ; afterwards, until
' 1867, was employed at clerking in Cherry
Valley, Ill..Independence, la., and Wataga,
111. ; in 1867-8, carried on a book store at
Waverly, la., in connection with brother,
J. A. Fuller; afterwards, until spring of

1869, traveled through Iowa and Minne
sota as agent for a wholesale book house,
in Dubuque; in 1869 commenced the
study of law, in the office of Hon. Jesse
S. Hildrup, Belvidere, 111. ; was admitted
to the bar Aug. 17, 1870, at the age of 21
years; has since practiced profession at
Belvidere, practice rapidly increasing un
til it is second to that of no attorney in the
county; practice also extends into the
neighboring counties of Winnebago, De
Kalb, McHenry and Kane ; was leading
attorney for the defense in the Donnell
murder case at Geneva, Kane Co., May,
1877 ; has taken a somewhat active part in
politics, as a Republican; made several
active political canvasses for the Republi
cans in 1870, 1872 and 1876, gaining con
siderable reputation as a stump speaker ;
is now Chairman Republican County Com
mittee, and member Judicial Committee
12th Circuit; in 1875 was elected Corpora
tion Attorney of Belvidere, and re-elected
in 1876 ; at the fall election of 1876 was
elected State's Attorney, which office he
now holds ; was married April 24, 1873, to
Miss Sadie A. Mackey, daughter of Hon.
Hugh Mackey, of Cherry Valley, 111.;
after the death of Judge M. M. Boyce in
1873, purchased the law office and library
of the old firm of M. M. Boyce & Bro.,
and with large additions thereto since, has
now one of the finest offices and largest
law libraries in the West.
Fuller D.P. farmer; Sec. 4.
Fuller Major, farmer; Sec. 4.
Fulligar James, laborer.
Fulligar Thomas, saloon keeper.
/^AGE E.T. clerk.
Gahlbeck John, laborer.
Galligher Hugh, laborer.
Gannon J. farmer; Sec. 1.
Garcelon E. E. stock dealer.
GARDNER CEPHAS, Retired;
born in Grafton Co., N. H., Oct. 9, 1800;
removed to Bennington Co., Vt., at early
age ; lived there and in Mass. six years ;
removed to Lower Canada and lived there
eighteen years, and came to this Co. in
1836, and is one of the earliest settlers —
only one man here now (Mr. S. P. Doty)
that was here then ; was in Minnesota in
mercantile business two years, and repre
sented town of St. Anthony in State Leg
islature ; has held office County Treasurer
for four years, and Supervisor for several
terms, and Justice of the Peace for four
years; married Pamelia Bodwell, ot
Stansed, Lower Canada, in 1824; she died
in May, 1862 ; four children, Mrs. Emeline
Maloney, Mrs. Jane Waterman, Mrs. Pa
melia Moulton, Mrs. Mary Ann Tripp.
Garweth B. retired fanner.

352

BOONE COUNTY DIEEOTOBY:

Gawath R. farmer ; Sec. 5.
Gibson J. W. teacher.
GILMAN COL. L. O. Deputy U. S.
Marshal ; born in Province of Quebec, Jan.
28, 1831 ; lived there 21 years ; came to U.
S. and lived in Mass. 7 years; came to
Boone Co. 1860; was in the army, Colonel
15th I. V. I. ; was wounded at battle of At
lanta, July 22, 1864 ; was at battle of Pitts
burg Landing, siege of Corinth, siege of
Vicksburg; was in Gen. Sherman's cam
paign in 1864 until wounded ; was elected
Sheriff of this Co. in 1866 ; was elected
County Treasurer in 1870, and was ap
pointed Deputy U. S. Marshal in 1870,
office at Chicago ; married Miss Elotia I.
Garland, Jan. 10, 1855 ; she was from Pro
vince of Quebec ; have five children, Ma
ria E., William T., Cora L., Nellie M.,
Alfred L.
Gilman Thomas, gardener.
Gilman W. H., Jr., jeweler.
Gilman Wm. H., Sr., retired.
GILSON GEORGE, Retired; born
Isle of Man, Aug. 12, 1795 ; came to Amer
ica in 1825 ; came to this State and Co.
in 1835 ; one of oldest settlers, only few
living were here then; was engaged in
farming many years ; his farm of 188 acres
was one of the first settled in Boone Co. ;
has held office of School Director and
Path-master ; hauled some of the first loads
of wheat from this Co. to Chicago, and
sold it for 32 cents per bushel ; dug the first
cellar in Rockford; married Elizabeth
Hurst, from Cambridgeshire, Eng., born
in Lincolnshire ; she died June 25, 1872 ;
seven children, Thomas, William, Henry,
Mary Ann, Eliza Jane, living; lost two
children.
Gimson S. shoemaker.
Glasner J. M. merchant.
Glass E. E. farmer; Sec. 3.
Glass E. T fanner; Sec. 3.
Gleason A. H. atto rney.
GOODRICH JOSEPH, Retired;
born Somerset Co., Me., Feb. 6, 1813 ; lived
there twenty-two years ; went to Ohio and
lived there four years ; came to this State
in 1839; he brought the first threshing
machine in this State; he lived in Ala
bama, Mississippi and Louisiana sixteen
years ; came to this Co. in 1858 ; he mar
ried Mrs. Harriet L. Ticknor, (formerly
Harriet L. Luce,) of Prattville, Ala., June
5, 1855 ; she was born in Conn. ; they have
one child, Mrs. Leonard Longcor ; lost one..
son, Joseph, born in Conn., Feb. 17, 1857,
died Aug. 5, 1863.
Goodspeed Jas. farmer.
Gorman Patrick, farmer.
GOUGH THOS. Farmer; Sec. 34;
Belvidere P. 0.; born Newcastle, Eng.,
Aug. 26, 1846 ; and came to this country

1867, and to this Co. same year ; lived here
10 years ; owns farm 50 acres in town Bo
nus, \% miles from Belvidere; married
Carrie Shippey from Elkhorn, Wis., April
2, 1876 ; they have one child, James Wil
liam, born Jan. 2, 1877 James W.Gough,
brother of above, was born in Ireland,
1848 ; came to this country 1869,>nd came
to Boone Co. same year ; rents farm of his
brother, Thomas, in town Bonus.
Gould J. H. sewing machine agent.
Grady John, laborer.
Gray H. R. farmer ; Sec. 24.
Gray Hartwell, farmer.
Gray John, livery stable.
Gray Richard.
Gray Wm. livery stable.
GRAY BROS. Livery, Sale and Board-
ing Stable.
Gritzbaugh W. tailor.
Greenlee Chas. merchant.
Greenlee Geo. merchant.
Greenlee John, Jr. merchant
Greenlee John, Sr. retired.
Guilbault M. laborer.

H

ALE OLIVER, retired farmer.

Halloway Edw. clerk.
Hall J. B. laborer.
Halleck E. H. 'bus driver.
HAMMOND D. H. Farmer; Sec. 18;
born in Cortland Co., N. Y., March 2,
1832; lived in that State twenty years;
came to Boone Co. in 1854 ; was in the
army over three years, 65th I. V. I., Co. E;
was at the surrender of Harper's Ferry,
and through the Atlantic campaign ; was
in the battles of Knoxville, Franklin, and
others ; was promoted to Sergeant of Co.
E ; has held office of Collector of the town
of Caledonia; married Elizabeth M.
Shanks, in Wis., Feb., 1868; she was
from Ohio; they have one child, Nora
Maud, born Jan. 14, 1871.
Hannah John, stock dealer.
Happer Geo. farmer ; Sec. 8. *
Harder Geo. laborer.
Harder Peter, farmer.
Harder Wellington, laborer.
Harding C. B. produce dealer.
Harrison John, mechanic.
HARTWELL GEQ. H. Carpenter
and Builder; born in Belvidere, Feb.
8, 1837; he has lived in this Co.
forty-one years, and is' the first white child
born in Boone Co. now living here ; mar
ried Miss Alice M. Rix, from Utica, N.Y.,in
1862; she died Feb. 23, 1877; children:
Frank, George and Eddie ; lost one son,
Terry; Thos. W. Hartwell, father of Geo.
H., was born in Mass., and came to Boone

BELVXDEKE TOWNSHIP.

353

Co. in 1835 ; was one of the earliest set
tiers ; held office of Justice of the Peace
before the Co. was organized ; he died in
1847.
Harvey Robert.
Haskins Henry, mason.
Haskins Ira, physician.
Haskins Morris R.
Hathorn Nathan.
Hayes A. merchant.
HAYNES JOHN, Photographer;
born in Steubenville, Ohio, Nov. 12,
1833; lived in that city; he studied
and engaged in his profession in New
York city; was in Chicago twelve
years; came to Belvidere in 1873; he
married Miss Lucy A. Bonbright, from
Philadelphia, in March, 1863 ; they have
two children, Mary and William Haynes.
HAYWOOD WM. Dealer in Agricul-
tural Implements ; born Chautauqua Co.,
N. Y., May 4, 1823 ; lived there twenty-four
years, and came to this State and Co. June
4, 1846; has lived here thirty-one years;
one of the early settlers; was in Mexican
War ; was Second Lieutenant 5th I. V. I. ;
was in several skirmishes; was in the
army during the late war, Captain Co.
B, 15th I. V. I., the first regiment in
the U. S. mustered in the service for
the war; has held office of Justice of
the Peace for a number of years; mar
ried Miss Lydia E. Rix, from Herkimer
Co., N. Y., in 1849 ; two children, Mary
E. and Henry L.
Hedges C. E. retired.
Herbert J. H. retired farmer.
Herrick Geo. blacksmith.
Hersey M. B. carpenter.
HEYWOOD JONATHAN, Farm
er ; Sec. 8 ; born in Lancashire, Eng., Aug.
4, 1813; came to this country in 1838;
worked in Sprague's Print Works, Rhode
Island ; he came to this Co. in April, 1840,
walking most of the way here ; he entered
80 acres of his present farm of 132 acres
from the government ; in 1850 he went to
California, walking most of the way there ;
was gone four years; he married Jane
Worthington, from Lancashire, Eng., in
1842;' they have ten children, seven sons
and three daughters, and have lost two
daughters.
Heywood Z. V.
Hicks J. M. farmer.
Hicks S. J. farmer.
HILDRUP JESSE S. United States
Marshal Northern District of 111. ; born
Middletown, Conn., May 14, 1833; lived
there fifteen years ; removed to State of N.
Y., and from there to Harrisburg, Penn. ;
came to Belvidere, Boone Co., in 1860, and
^has practiced law here since; he has held
offices of Corporation Trustee, Supervisor,

Deputy Provost Marshal, and Master in
Chancery; was member of the Constitu
tional Convention of 1870 ; he represented
this district in the State Legislature dur
ing the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth
General Assemblies; he was appointed
United States Marshal for Northern Dis
trict HI- by President Hayes, March 16,
1877; married Nellie Brinkerhoff, from
Mansfield, O., Feb., 1858 ; they have four
children: Hattie S., James J., Nellie S.
and Fred. W.
Hill Harvey, dealer.
Hill Henry, laborer.
HILL IRA D. Carpenter; born Put
nam Co. N. Y., Dec. 25, 1823; lived there
thirty years, and came to this State and
Co. in 1853 ; was engaged in farming and
carpenter business; was in army, Co. B,
95th L V. I. ; was in battles of Vicksburg,
Nashville and Spanish Fort; was on de
tached duty part of the time; married
Mrs. Phoebe Case, formerly Mrs. Phoebe
Miller, of Putnam Co., N. Y., July 25,
1844; two children: Jane Ophelia and
Sarah Adelia.
Hill Uriah.
Hill Orlando, shoemaker.
Hill S. W. mechanic.
Hill Josiah, shoemaker.
Hines Bertrand, farmer.
.Hodges Pat. farmer; Sec. 17.
HOLLENSHEAD G. C. Carpenter;
born in Tompkins Co., N. Y., Feb. 19,
1813; lived in that State 43 years, and
came to this Co. in 1856; he lived in For-
reston ten years ; married Sophronia John
son, from Orange Co., N. Y., Sept. 12,
1844; have three children, DeWitt Clin
ton, Ella S., Grace A.
HOLLISTER LUTHER, Retired;
bornin Green Co., N. Y., Sept. 7, 1807;
lived there 25 years ; lived in Schoharie
6 years, Montgomery Co. 15 years, Greene
Co. 10 years ; came to this State and Co, in
1865 ; engaged in Farming ; has held office
of Justice of the Peace six years, and
Town Trustee ; married Jane Onderdonk,
of Albany Co., N. Y., in 1829; have four
children, Samuel, now in Atchison, Kan. ;
Abram, now in Austin, Minn.; Wm.
H., physician in Austin, Minn. ; Sarah J.
Lane, now in Port Byrori ; lost one son,
Lansing,. Captain in 120th Regt. N. Y. V.
I., and killed at battle of Gettysburg ; lost
one daughter, Mrs. Alice M. Brealy.
HORAN ANDREW, born in Co.
Antrim, Ireland, Nov. 27, 1819 ; came to
Quebec in 1841; lived there six years;
arrived in this country, at Chicago, Oct.
10, 1847 ; came to Belvidere in Sept., 1848,
and has lived here twenty-nine years ; was
in the employ of the old Chicago & Galena
R. R. eight years ; has been in the employ
of American Express Co. ten years ; mar-

354

BOONE COUNTY DrBEOTOBY:

ried Catherine Johnston, Nov. 26, 1839;
she was born in Co. Antrim, Ireland, May
24, 1821 ; they have four children, Robert,
born in Ireland, Sept. 3, 1840; John, in
Canada, April 10, 1843, was wounded
before Vicksburg, June 12, 1863, and died
at Memphis; Mary Jane, in Canada, April
16, 1846; Charles E., in Belvidere, Aug. 8,
1857 ; Robert was in the army, Co. G. 95th
Regt. I. V. I., three years ; was with the
regiment in all its battles and skirmishes.
Horan Robert, painter.
HOPKINS D. Dealer in Harness, Sad-
dlery, Hardware and Carriages: born in
Oneida Co., N. Y„ Feb. 22, 1834; lived
there thirteen years; came to McHenry
Co. and lived there eight years ; lived in
Rockford eight years, and eame here in
1864 ; been in business here thirteen years ;
married Miss Frank A. Smiley, from
Erie Co., Penn., Dec. 9, 1866; she was
born Nov. 4, 1844, and came here in 1854;
they have one son, Charles E. Hopkins,
born August 27, 1877 ; lost one son, Harry
C. ; he was born Sept. 20, 1868, and died
in infancy.
Hopkins George, mechanic.
Houghtailing Wm. gardener.
Hovey A. T. clerk.
Hovey Calvin, laborer.
Hovey H. O, R. R. employee.
Hovey S. B., R. R. employee.
Hovey Wm. F. merchant.
Hovey W. W., R. R. employee.
Howard H. B. laborer.
Howard H. W. mechanic.
Howe W. E. produce dealer.
Hubbel Ezra, carpenter.
Hubbell F. E. mechanic.
Hudson Samuel.
Hull F. A. machinist.
HULL H. Farmer; Sec. 13; born in Put
nam Co., N. Y., Nov. 17, 1834; lived in
that State twenty-one years, and came to
Boone Co. in 1855 ; has been engaged in
farming in the towns of Bonus and Belvi
dere; owns 138 acres land; has held office
of Road Master; married Calista M. Stock-
well, Feb. 9, 1860; she was born in Liv
ingston Co., N. Y. ; they have three chil
dren, Alice A., born Dec. 7, 1861 ; Annie
E., April 18, 1862; Clara I., Dec. 18, 1864;
lost one son, Freddy, born Aug. 17, 1869,
died 1871.
Hull W. B. retired farmer.
Humphrey I. A. jailor.
HUMPHREY J. M. born Knox Co.,
Ohio, Aug. 31, 1840 ; educated at Beloit,
Wis. ; was in army ; was Captain Co. C,
142d Regt. I. V. I. ; engaged in Farming
and Breeder of Fine Stock ; married Ro-
sira Newton, from Binghampton, N. Y.,

in December, 1862; have five children,
one son and four daughters.
Huntington L. S. carpenter.
Huntington M. farmer; Sec. 13. '
Hurd F. E. farmer ; Sec. 22.
Hurlbut Geo. H. civil engineer.
HURLBUT STEPHEN A., Whose
portrait appears in this work, was born at
Charleston, South Carolina, Nov. 29, 1815;
was thoroughly and liberally educated;
studied Law and was admitted to the Bar
in 1837; removed to Belvidere, Illinois,
Sept., 1845, where he has since resided,
practicing his profession when not engaged
in public duties; was a member ofthe
Constitutional Convention of Illinois, in
1847; was Presidential Elector on the
Whig ticket in 1848; was a member of the
State Legislature in 1859, 1861 and 1867 ;
was Presidential Elector at large on the
Republican ticket in 1868; Mr.H. raised
the first company in the state of Illinois
for the regular U. S. service for three
years, which afterwards became Co. B. ol
15th Regt. I. V. I. ; was appointed Briga-
dier-General of Volunteers, June, 1861, to
rank from May 17, 1861 ; commanded the
4th Division at Pittsburg Landing; Gen.
Hurlbut has the credit of forming the best
line of battle and saving the day to the
Union Army at the battle of Shiloh, and
for meritorious service on that occasion
was promoted Major-General in September,
1862; was assigned to the command of
the Sixteenth Army Corps at Memphis,
and to the command of the Depart
ment of the Gulf in 1864 and 1865 ; was
honorably mustered out in July, 1865 ; was
appointed, by President Grant, Minister
Resident to the United States of Columbia
from 1869 to 1872; was elected to the
Forty-third Congress as a Republican,
receiving 15,532 votes against 5,134 votes
for his opponent, S. E. Bronson ; re-elected
to the Forty-fourth Congress; married
Sophronia Stevens, of Alleghany Co.,
New York, in 1847; they have one son,
George H.; Mr. H. is living quietly at his
beautiful home in Belvidere, wearing with
becoming modesty his well-earned laurels
in both military and civil life.
TNGALLS O. B. farmer.
Insley John, retired merchant.
Irish Leonard, farmer.
Irvin W. S. farmer ; Sec. 4.
JACOBS J. J. laborer.
Jaffray Jas. merchant.
Jarvis Frank, farmer.
Jarvis Henry, laborer.
Jarvis Richard, farmer; Sec. 33. *
Jarvis Robert, laborer.

BELVIDEBE TOWNSHIP.

355

Jasper F.
JENNER ASHER E. Justice of
the Peace ; born in Essex Co., N. Y., April
10, 1818 ; lived in that State twenty years,
and came to this State and Co., to Belvi
dere, in 1838, and has lived here thirty-
nine years; one of the earliest settlers;
only eleven buildings here when he came,
and he knew every man in this county for
several years ; he has held office of Coun
ty Clerk and also County Treasurer, and
has been Justice of the Peace for the past
sixteen years; married Mary J. Cook, of
N. Y., in 1840; she died in 1854; two chil
dren ; married Emmeroy E. Lyon, of Bur
lington, Vt., in 1856 ; had two children ;
Kittie H., Nellie A., Charlie J., George C.
Johnson A. W. retired physician.
Johnson A. W. farmer ; Sec. 10.
Johnson O. T. laborer.
Johnson Theodore, farmer.
Johnson Thomas, gardener.
Johnson Wm. W. retired physician.
JONES A. Farmer ; Sec. 15 ; born in ,
Albany Co.,N.Y.,May 6, 1822 ; lived in that
State 35 years ; came to Illinois, to Boone
Co., in April, 1857, and has lived here 20
years ; was engaged in Lumber business
in Belvidere six years ; has held office of
Road Master ; owns farm of 52 acres, and
other property ; married Mary A. Vanat
ten, from N. Y., in 1846 ; they have two
children, Betsy Ann, born in 1855 ; Sarah,
1858 ; lost two daughters.
Jones W. S. merchant.
Judd Albert B.
L/"AHLER FRED, farmer. ^
Kahler John, farmer ; Sec. 7.
Kane John, Sr., laborer.
Keeler A. printer.
KEELER WARREN, Farmer; Sec.
12; born in Cortland Co., N. Y., June 12,
1822; lived in that State 27 years, and
came to Illinois, to Boone Co., in 1849, and
has lived here 28 years ; owns farm of 222
acres ; has ;held offices of Road Commis
sioner and* School Director ; married De-
lotia Keeney, of Onondaga Co., N. Y., Jan.
\ 11, 1844; she was born July 21, 1818; they
have five children, Felicia B., Horatio,
Mary A., Alson H., Emma L. ; lost one
daughter, Haniet.
Kehoe Michael, laborer.
Keller John, farmer.
KELSEY C. E. Music Dealer and
Printing; born in Clinton, Conn., April 4,
1834; lived in that State for thirty years ;
he edited a paper in that State during the
war; came to Belvidere in 1864; has been
engaged in music business twenty-six
years; is organist in First Presbyterian
Church in this city; he is local correspond

ent of the Belvidere Standard, and cor
respondent Chicago Evening Post; mar
ried Miss Ellen E. Tompkins, of this city,
Oct. 4, 1859 ; she was born in the State of
Pennsylvania.
Kendall J. H. farmer ; Sec. 4.
Kennedy John, clerk.
Kerdin Pat. mechanic.
Kief Francis O. laborer.
Kieley Patrick, mechanic.
King Amasa.
Kimble John B.
KING FRANCIS, Dealer in Hard-
ware and Lumber; bcrn in Tioga Co., N.
Y., Feb. 15, 1842 ; lived in that State six
yearsfand came to this State, to Belvidere,
in 1848, and has lived here about thirty
years; was engaged' in farming, and has
been engaged in business for twelve years ;
has held office of Constable ; married Miss
Anna Dean, from the State of Maine, Dec.
11, 1868; they have one child, Cora Clare,
born Jan. 9, 1877.
KING FRED. H. E. Agent C. & N.
W. R. R.; born Oneida Co., N. Y., April
24, 1827 ; lived in that State thirty years,
and came to this State in 1857 ; lived in
McHenry five years; came to Belvidere
in 1862, and has been here sixteen years ;
he has been connected with the railroad
for fourteen years, and has been agent of
the American Express Co. for seven years ;
married Miss Frances W. Mack, of Mc
Henry Co., Aug. 21, 1860; five children,
two girls and three boys, Winnie E., Em
ma J., Albert E., Willie P., and Charles F.
King Leander, shoemaker.
King Leander, 2d, mechanic.
Kinney Pat. laborer.
Kinzie Joseph, farmer.
Kinzie M. H. farmer; Sec. 21.
Kinzie T. W. farmer; Sec. 11.
KINYON JOB, Retired; born in Chit
tenden Co., Vermont, May 23, 1820 ; lived
there twenty years; removed to St. Law
rence Co., N. Y. ; lived there seven years ;
came to Belvidere, Boone Co., and has
lived here over thirty years ; engaged in
farming in town of Flora; has carted
grain to Chicago, and sold winter wheat.
from 40 to 75c a bushel; married Miss
Hannah Ellis, of Vermont, in December,
1841; have two children, Chastina and
Lydia; lost three, Sylvester A., Mary, and
Eliza.
Kirkland G. W. farmer.
Kraft August, laborer.
KNIGHT C. C. Blacksmith; bornin
Baltimore, Maryland, March 18, 1826;
lived there twenty-five years; came to this
State, ana has lived in Belvidere twenty-
one years; has been engaged in business
six years ; worked for C. & N. W. R. R.

356

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY:

for fifteen years; married Miss Mary
Rosencrans, from New York State, in
1857; they have three children, Ida,
Charles, and Nellie.

L

a BARR B. B. merchant.

LaBarr Wm. mason.
Lacy D. W. farmer; Sec. 25. •
Lacy W. H. farmer; Sec. 19.
Laden John, saloon-keeper.
Laidley Jas. farmer ; Sec. 18.
LAKE LEONARD L., M. D.
Physician ; born in Erie Co., N. Y., Sept.
26, 1821 ; lived there sixteen years ; came
to this Co. in 1837 ; one of the early set
tiers ; he studied medicine and graduated
at Rush Medical College, Chicago ; he has
practiced his profession here twenty-nine
years ; he is quite a horticulturist, and has
forty varieties of grapes on his grounds ;
has held office of Coroner for ten years,
and one of the Board of Town Trustees ;
was Asst. Surgeon 13th 111. Cavalry ; was
at Camp Douglas, Chicago; was Asst.
Surgeon 15th Regt. I. V. L, and shared
the campaigns ofthe regiment till the fall
of Vicksburg; married Miss Asenath Mar
vin, from Erie Co., N. Y., Feb. 13, 1843 ;
two children, Prof. L. N. W. Lake, and
Hattie May ; lost one daughter.
Lake L. N. W. music teacher.
LAMBERT STEPHEN, Retired;
born in Dover, Piscataquis Co., Maine,
March 22, 1814; lived in that State thirty-
eight years, and came to this State and
Boone Co. May 18, 1852, and has lived
here twenty-five years ; engaged in farm
ing in town of Flora many years ; owns a
farm of 160 acres ; has held office of Su
pervisor town of Flora several terms, also
Assessor same town; has held office of
Supervisor of Belvidere three years ; mar
ried Lydia Crowell, from Maine, May 15,
1836 ; they have one child, John C, born
Dec. 31, 1841.
Lambert Wm. farmer.
Lambert Frank, mechanic.
Lane D. C.
Lathrop Andrew, wagon maker.
.Laurence A. J. farmer.
Lawrence John, carpenter.
Lawton A. farmer; Sec. 27.
Layng G. W. laborer.
LEACH E. J. Carriage and Wagon
Maker ; born in Bennington Co., Vt., Nov.
17, 1823; lived there fourteen years; lived
in New York ten years ; came to this town
and Co. in 1847, and has lived here thirty
years ; was in the army, 95th Regt. I. V. I.,
Co. B ; was Regimental Steward ; married
Martha C. Campbell ; she died in 1862 ;
they had three, children, Chester C, Wal
ter J., and Alice A. ; married Eliza J. Gill-

son, from Caledonia, in December, 1888;
have one daughter, Bessie May.
Leary Thomas, laborer.
Leonard J. R. produce dealer.
Leonard M. G. produce dealer.
Leonard Orin, tinner.
Leonard S. E.
Letto Edward, farmer ; Sec. 6.
Lewis John, mechanic.
Lewis L. C. druggist.
•Lewis Timothy, farmer; Sec. 21.
Lindsley M. retired farmer.
Linnell Lester, farmer.
LINNELL THOS. J. Retired; born
in Jefferson Co., N. Y., Oct. 18, 1815;
lived in that State thirty vears ; came to
Rockford, this State, Nov." 9, 1845; lived,
there six years ; came to Boone Co., town '
of Caledonia, in 1851 ; he is a mason by
trade, and engaged in farming for many
years ; has held offices of School Director
and Roadmaster; married Mary Thorn,
Jan. 31, 1841 ; she was born in Jefferson
Co., N. Y., May 1, 1824; seven children,
Lester J., Selwyn O, Amy Ann, Jane E.,
Lucena D., Maryette, and Jesse F. ; lost
four sons, Henry W., Melville, Nathan,
and Charles.
List John, mechanic.
Litts C. H. shoemaker.
LIVINGSTON ALEX. L. Of Liv-
ingston & Humphrey, Hardware Dealers,
State st. ; born in Glasgow, Scotland, Oct.
1, 1844; came to this country in 1855;
came to this Co. in 1861, and has lived
here sixteen years, engaged in hardware
business; married Maggie L. Cunning
ham, from Rhode Island, Feb. 3, 1866.
LIVINGSTON & HUMPHREY,
Hardware and Stove Dealers, South State
street.
Lobstien Geo. gardener.
Longcor J. C. druggist.
Longcor L. S. broker.
LONGCOR SAMUEL, Plow Manu-
facturer ; born in Dundee, Yates Co., N.
Y., Oct. 25, 1813 ; learned the blacksmith
trade in town of Bath, Steuben Co. ; came
to Belvidere in the spring of 1839, and has
lived here over thirty-eight years; one of
the earliest settlers, and only a few per
sons here when he came ; he was engaged
in blacksmithing and wagon making busi
ness for a long time, but for past twenty-
five years has confined his business to the
manufacture of plows ; he took the first
premium at the Mechanics' Institute, Chi
cago, in 1852, for tlie superiority of his
plows over all others, and was awarded a
silver medal ; he was among the first to
manufacture scouring plows in this State;
he married Malinda Smith, of Steuben Co.,
N. Y., Jan. 7, 1835; eight children.

BELYIDBBE TOWNSHIP.

357

LONGCOR ADDISON, Was born
inN. Y., in 1835; was in the army; 1st
Lieut, and commanded Co. B, 15th Regt.
I.V.I.
LONGCOR LEONARD S. Real
Estate and Loan Business ; born in Belvi
dere, Aug. 22, 1845; at the age of 25 he
was an accomplished Plow Maker, having
learned the business of his father; married
Miss Juliet G. Ticknor, of Plattsville,
Alabama, June 23, 1870; she was born
in same place, and is a step-daughter of
Joseph Goodrich, of this town ; have two
children living, Willard Ticknor Long
cor, born Aug. 17, 1872, and Harriet
Goodrich Longcor, Sept. 21, 1877.
LONGCOR JOHN C. Druggist; was
born Aug. 8, 1847 ; engaged in drug busi
ness.
LOOP CHAS. B. Postmaster; born
Steuben Co., N. Y., Oct. 12, 1835; came'to
this State and Co., to Belvidere, at an early
age, and has lived here about forty years ;
one of the early settlers; was in army,
95th I. V. I. ; went out Captain Co. B, and
was promoted to Major; was in many
severe engagements — Port Gibson, Cham
pion Hills, Vicksburg, Kenesaw Moun
tain, Peach Tree Creek, Siege of Atlanta,
Jonesboro and Nashville; was on staff
duty of Generals Leggett and Blair ; was
elected Clerk of this Co. in 1865 ; re-elected
in 1869, and re-elected in 1873 ; was ap
pointed Postmaster here in 1877 ; married
Maria J. Pierce, from Washington Co., N.
Y., in 1858 ; they have^four children.
Loop M. mechanic.
Loop Mordacai, shoemaker.
LOVEJOY SAMUEL, Farmer; Sec.
14; born in Washington Co., New York,
May 4, 1830; lived in that state about
twenty-one years ; removed to Illinois, to
Winnebago Co., in 1851 ; he went to Iowa
in 1860, and was engaged in Mercantile
trade at Cedar Falls ; returned to Boone
Co. in 1864 ; rents farm of Wm. McBride,
Esq. ; married Miss Clara R. Peny, from
New York, Dec. 6, 1855 ; they have three
children, Dwight S., Eliza Hettie, Clara.
LOVELESS S. Grocer; born Bay
Fundy, Feb. 13, 1815 ; lived there sixteen
years; went to sea; was in West India
trade for six years ; sailed from Buffalo to
Chicago six years ; came to this Co. and
town in 1847, and has lived here thirty
years; run the Big Thunder Flouring
Mills here for ten years ; has been engaged
in grocery business for many years ; mar
ried Hannah M. Russell, from Vermont,
in 1851.
Lovett S. retired farmer.
Lucas Moses, clerk.
LUCE A. R. Farmer and Carpenter;
born in Tolland Co., Conn., Sept. 26, 1829;
he lived in that State for forty-four years ;

came to Boone Co., Belvidere in 1873;
married Mary French, from Conn., in
1860; she died April 1, 1870; married
Emily V. Baker, from N. Y. State, Sept.,
1874 ; have three children : Ida E., born
Dec. 27, 1861; Frank H., Aug. 30, 1863;
Wilbert R, June 17, 1865.
Luce Geo. L., farmer ; Sec. 23. •
Lyon John, shoemaker.

M

cLAIN CHAS. mechanic.

'IfBcBRIDE WM. Was born in Alle-
ghaney Co., N. Y, July 5, 1816, and came
to Boone Co. to Belvidere, Sept. 20, 1837 ;
he owns 600 acres of land, one mile north
of Belvidere; bought the claim of Mr.
Churchill for $400; was engaged in farm
ing until two years ago, when he went to
the mountains, and engaged in mining,
making Lake City, Colorado, his home;
value of his property, aliout $25,000 ; his
first wife was Miss Elizabeth Reynolds ;
she lived about seven years ; they had two
children ; his second wife was Mrs. Sa
rah Haight, of McHenry Co, this State ;
they have five children, all living; Robt.
McBride came here Oct. 1836; James
McBride came here, May, 1837; early
settlers.
•McDOUGALL CHAS. Retired ; born
Canada East, April 10, 1795 ; came to Chi
cago June 14, 1836, and to this Co. in
July, same year; has lived here forty-one
years ; one of the earliest settlers ; only few
houses here at that time; he owns the
same land he entered when he first came
here, 222 acres; has held the office of
Road Commissioner, and was Path Mas
ter for some years ; married Fanny Terry,
of Canada, April 8, 1822; she was born
June 17, 1799; they have been married
over fifty-five years ; children : Mary, born
Feb. 19, 1823, died May 10, 1825; Mrs.
Miranda Merchant, Feb. 5, 1825 ; Lorenzo
S., March 6, 1827; Charles, March 5, 1832,
died Feb. 21, 1833.
McLaurie Geo. S. manufacturer.
McMaster Alfred T. laborer.
McMillan N. farmer; Sec. 6.
McMullen J. E. merchant.
McNallis Francis.
McNamara M. laborer.
Macklin Beverly, farmer.
MARFAN MARVIN CLARK,
Justice of the Peace ; born in Broome Co.,
N. Y., June 8, 1827 ; lived in the State of
N. Y. twenty-seven years, and came to
this Co. in 1854; is stone mason by trade;
is engaged in farming; has held office of
Town Clerk of the town of Flora, and Jus
tice ofthe Peace for eight years; has held
office of Justice of the Peace here for four
years ; married Miss Olive Howard, from
Broome Co., N. Y., May 7,, 1851 ; two chil-

358

BOONE COUNTY DEREOTOEY:

dren: Willie M., born May 16, 1853;
Harry, Oct. 15, 1858.
Markham Wm. farmer.
Marske C. merchant.
Martin Anthony, laborer.
Martin Dominick, laborer.
Martin Geo. farmer.
Martin L. C. farmer.
MARTYN JAS. B. Proprietor Baltic
Mills; born in County Cornwall, England,
Dec.28,1801 ; lived in England twenty-eight
years, and came to this country in 1829 ;
came to New Orleans; removed to Hunts
ville, Ala., and lived there five years, when
he came to Galena, in this State ; came to
Midway (which is now Rockford, Winne
bago Co.,) in the fall of 1835, and lived
there until 1852 ; removed to Cherry Valley
and engaged in milling business ; came to
Belvidere in 1854 and engaged in same
business ; has held office of Magistrate in
Rockford ; married Elizabeth Brewer,from
County Cornwall, Eng., in 1824; she died
in 1870 ; they had one son, who died at the
age of thirty-one ; married Miss Elizabeth
Rightor, from Rockford, Winnebago Co.,
Feb. 10, 1876; they have one child, James
R., born Jan. 20, 1877.
Martyn Thos. clerk.
MASON JOHN, Tailor; born New
castle, Staffordshire, Eng., Dec. 1, 1825;
came to this country in 1849 ; came to Bel
videre in 1851, and has lived here twenty-
six years ; married Miss Caroline Owen,
Aug. 23, 1855 ; she was born in Chautauqua
Co., N. Y., Nov. 2, 1828; they have had
three children : Emma Jane, born June 3,
1856, died Jan. 25, 1862; Clara Belle, June
7, 1859, died Feb. 22, 1864; Mary Louise,
Jan. 5, 1869.
Masters Wm. laborer.
MAY EZRA, born in Eastern Tp.,
Lower Canada, Nov. 6, 1813 ; lived there
until twenty-three years old ; came to U. S.
in 1836, to Michigan City, Ind. ; came to
this State, to Boone Co., in 1839, and has
lived here thirty-eight years ; one of the
early settlers ; has been engaged in farm
ing, mercantile business and distilling for
some years ; he has carted wheat to Chi
cago and sold it for 37%c a bushel, tak
ing five and six days to make the trip ; he
is one of the largest, if not the largest,
land owner in Boone Co. ; he has held the
offices of School Director, Town Trustee,
and has represented the town in Board of
Supervisors and President of Agricultural
Society, for some years; married Miss
Louisa N. May, Feb. 24, 1841 ; she was
from Orleans Co., N. Y. ; she died Sept.
16, 1862 ; have seven children, three sons
and four daughters.
,. May G. A. farmer.
\ MAY HUGH, Farmer ; Sec. 28 ; born in •
Crawford Co., Pa., Sept. 6, 1834; lived in

Pa. twenty years; came to 111., to De Kalb
Co., in 1844 ; lived in that Co. twenty-two
years, and came to this Co. in 1866 ; has
lived in this State thirty-three years ; bas
held office of School Director ; he married
Catherine Hart, from Pa., Dec. 31, 1848;
she died in 1860 ; married Julia Harper,
from Ohio, in 1861 ; they have four chil
dren: Geo. A., Seth Thomas, Estella C,
and Ulysses Grant ; have lost two sons.
Mead W. M. canvasser.
Meier E. F. mechanic.
Merchant N. H. grain dealer.
MEYER J. GEORGE,. Carpenter
and Builder; born in Baden, Germany,
Sept. 29, 1848 ; lived in Baden about nine
teen years ; came to this country in 1867 ;
came to Belvidere same year; has been en
gaged as carpenter and builder; married
Theodora Zimmerman, July 31, 1873; she
was born in Baden, Germany, Dec. 6,
1852 ; they have two children, Wm. Fred.,
born Sept. 2, 1875; Baby, May 14,1877;
lost one son.
Mill Jas.
Millard Geo. laborer.
Minter Ernst, Sr. butcher.
Minter Ernst, Jr. laborer.
Mitchell Stephen, furniture dealer.
Moore Geo. farmer ; Sec. 33. •
Moore J. A.
Moore W. W. farmer ; Sec. 33.
Mordoff G. J. farrier.
Mordoff J. C. hotel keeper.
Morley Ephraim, retired farmer.
Morley F. C. butter dealer.
Morse B. J. farmer.
Morse Civilian, merchant.
MORSE F. Farmer; Sec. 24; born in ¦
Mass., Nov. 14, 1812; removed to Orleans
Co., N. Y. ; lived there twenty-five years;
came to Belvidere, Boone Co., in 1837, and
has lived here forty years; one of the
early settlers; used to cart his grain to
Chicago ; has sold wheat for 45c a bushel ;
owns farm 80 acres; married Cordelia
Knowlton, from Mich., in 1853; have four
children : Seymour, Stephen, Willis.Frank
Leslie ; lost one son.
Morse Jas. mechanic.
Morse Junia, pump maker.
Mott Lott, farmer.
Morse P. farmer ; Sec. 24.
Morse Putnam, laborer.
Morse Seymour.
Morse Stephen, farmer; Sec. 24.
Morse T. farmer ; Sec. 24.
MOSS ASA, Farmer and Dairyman;
Sec. 21; born in Washington Co., N.Y.,
Dec 21, 1818; lived in that State eighteen

BELVIDEEE TOWNSHIP.

359

years ; came to 111., to Boone Co., in 1836,
and lias lived here forty-one years ; one of
the earliest settlers ; used to cart grain to
Chicago, taking five and six days to make
the trip, and has sold wheat at 40c per
bushel; has seen pork sell at $1.00 per hog
in Chicago ; owns farm of 100 acres ; has
held office of Assessor in the town of
Spring, Road Commissioner, Town Col
lector and Poor Master; married Alvira
Stewart, from Erie Co., N. Y., in 1845;
have seven children: Ellen H., Ann E.,
Carrie P., Harvey S., Judson C, Myra J.
and Warren C.
Moss A. F. farmer ; Sec. 35.
MOSS CHAS. S. County Surveyor;
born in Belvidere, Boone Co., Jan. 9, 1848,
and has lived in this Co. twenty-nine
years ; engaged in Farming and Survey
ing ; studied Civil Engineering, and grad
uated at Chicago University ; was elected
Surveyor of Boone Co. in 1871, and re
elected in 1875 ; married Miss Mary C. A.
Brown, Nov. 6, 1876; she was born in
Weston, Mass.
MOSS EDWARD E. Farmer; Sec.
23 ; born in Cortland Co., N. Y., March 17,
1815 ; lived in that State twenty-one years ;
came to Illinois, to Boone Co., in July,
1836, and has lived here over forty-one
years, and is one of the few early settlers
now living that were here when he came ;
only two log houses in Belvidere ; he was
a carpenter by trade ; engaged in Building
for several years, then bought a farm ; used
to cart his grain to Chicago, as there was
no cash market here for it; has sold wheat
for three shillings per bushel ; owns farm
of 70 acres ; he helped organize the first
school district on the south side of the
river; built the first school house on the
south side ; has held offices of Road Com
missioner, Assessor and Town Collector,
School Trustee, and School Director ; mar
ried Sarah Cates, from Chautauqua Co., N.
Y., May 23, 1838 ; they have four children,
S. H. Moss ; Mrs. Malissa Caldwell, wife
of C. W. Caldwell; Mrs. Eva Bristol, wife
of H. P. Bristol, of Iowa; Mrs. Hattie
Lincoln, wife of W. P. Lincoln, of Linn
Co., Iowa; lost four children, two sons
and two daughters.
Moss G. B\ farmer.
MOSS W.S. A., Farmer; born Wind- ¦
sor Co., Vt., Feb. 24, 1816; lived there 40
years, and was engaged in the mercantile
business, cattle drover, etc. ; came to Ills.
in 1856, and to Boone Co. in 1859, and en
gaged in manufacturing agricultural im
plements; is now engaged in farming,
here and in Iowa; owns farm of 140 acres
here, and 960 acres in Iowa; married
Miss Eliza Cady, from Vermont, in 1837 ;
they have two children, Harriet L. and
Byron J.
Moulton D. E. retired merchant. ¦

Mulloy A. grocer.
Mundy Frazy, farmer.
Murch E. L. merchant.
Murch G. W. merchant.
Murch L. H. merchant.
Murch Martin, retired.
Murin James, laborer.
Murin Pat. laborer.
•Murphy Daniel, farmer; Sec. 5.
Murphy John, laborer.
Murphy J. A. farmer; Sec. 20.

N

ASH ALFRED, laborer.

Nash E. J. mail canier.
Nelson L. carpenter.
Nelson Smith, carpenter.
Newton Wm. retired farmer.
Norton E. C. attorney.
Norton R. G. retired farmer.

o

'BRIEN MARK, laborer.

O'Brien Martin, laborer.
O'Brien Michael, mechanic.
O'Brien Peter, mechanic.
O'Kief Cornelius; laborer.
Oaks E. S. farmer.
Oaks G. A. mechanic.
OSGOOD MAJOR R. E. Livery
Stable ; born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., Nov.
11, 1827; went to Ohio at an early age,
and lived there until 1865 ; was in the army,
in the 6th O. V. C. ; enlisted as Private,
and won his promotion to rank of Major;
was wounded slightly at Shenandoah Val
ley and at Culpepper C. H. ; was with Gen.
Sheridan in Wilderness campaign ; was
elected Sheriff of this Co. in 1870; mar
ried Miss Eliza J. Russell, of Ohio, May
10, 1849.
Ott Joseph, mechanic.
Outcault W. W. laborer.
¦pALMATIER A. farmer.
Palmer David, mechanic.
Park Oliver, farmer.
Park Wm. carpenter.
Parkhill Robert, agricultural implements.
Pass Frank, laborer.
Pease Sylvester, musician.
•Peck C. H. farmer ; Sec. 9.
Peck C. H. dealer.
Peck C. W. farmer; Sec. 4.
Pedlar Edmund W. miller.
PEPPER SAMUEL, Florist; born
in Nottinghamshire, Eng., Aug. 20, 1827 ;
came to this .country in 1848; lived in

360

BOONE COUNTY DTKEOTOBY:

Rochester, and came to Belvidere in 1849 ;
was in the army in Co. G, 95th Regt. I. V.
I. ; was in battle of Yellow Bayou, Mobile
Bay, and Red River campaign ; has been
Sexton of Cemetery for past seven years ;
married Mary Jane Powell, March 21,
1854; she was born in Franklin Co., N.
Y.. Feb. 11, 1834; six children, Mary E.,
Samuel E., Martha A., Emma Gertrude,
William O, Jessie A. ; lost one son.
Perkins A. H. S. printer.
Perkins M. D. ice dealer.
Perry G.W.
PETTIT DANIEL R. Book, Sta
tionery, Notions and Wall Paper ; born in
Wayne Co., Penn., Dec. 9, 1822; lived
there fifteen years ; removed to Delaware
Co., New York, and lived there eight
years ; then started on foot and alone from
Delaware Co. to Boone Co., Illinois, and
reached Belvidere Sept. 25, 1845, and has
lived here over thirty-two years; there
was very little improvement here1 when
he came ; he taught the only school there
was in this town in 1845 and 1846, and
continued teaching for eight years; he
was engaged in farming for fifteen years ;
has been engaged in business here for four
years ; has held the office of Assessor and
Corporation Trustee, and various Church
offices ; married Mary E. Doyle, in Han
cock, New York, June 18, 1846; they
have just returned from a visit of eleven
weeks to their old home in the East ;' they
have four children, Edward E., jeweler,
Belvidere; Daniel B., Jr., in business with
his father; Dr. William H., Physician,
Cedar Falls, Iowa; Mrs. Mary E., Dean,
Buffalo, New York.
Pettit D. W. cheese factory.
Pettit E. E. jeweler.
Pettit Frank, student.
Phelps M. farmer ; Sec. 6.
Phillips J. dentist.
Pickard A. N. carpenter.
Pickard I. H. carpentar.
Pierce E. D. postoffice clerk.
Pierce Geo. E. merchant.
Pierce J ohn L.
Pierce Martin, retired.
PielJohn, laborer.
Piel Joseph H.
Piel R. T. drayman.
Pinkham J. K. marble cutter.
Piper M. mechanic.
Pitkin L. miller.
Pitkin W. L. miller.
Plane E. B. merchant.
Plane F. W. merchant.
Plane John, merchant.
Pluke George, butcher.

Pratt J. T. mechanic.
PORTER THOS. W. Retired; born
in County Norfolk, England, Dec. 13,
1803; came to this countiy Dec. 10, 1833;'
lived in New York State five years ; came
to this Co. Sept. 12, 1838, and has lived
here 39 years ; only one store here ; has
carted grain to Chicago, and sold wheat at
30 cents per .bushel ; owns 160 acres of his
land, the same he first entered ; married
Charlotte Lane, May 26, 1825; she was
born in County Norfolk, England, Aug 5
1800, and she died Nov. 20, 1873, in 74th
year of her age ; nine children, Thos. W.
born fn England, Nov. 26, 1826 ; Henry
born in England, March 9, 1828 ; Charlotte
L., born in England, March 6, 1832; Anna
M., born in England, Aug. 11, 1833 ; Robt,
born in Erie Co., N. Y., May 2, 1835 ; Jas.
W., born in Erie Co., N. Y., July 25, 1838;
Elizabeth P., born in Boone Co., April 18,
1841 ; Washington, born in Boone Co., Oct.
26, 1843 ; Fred, born m Boone Co. Feb. 13,
1846.
Poulton J. J. printer.
Powell J. farmer ; Sec. 10.
Powell John, farmer.
Powell M. farmer; Sec. 10.
Powell M. L. farmer.
QUACKENROSS A. Livery Sale
and Boarding Stable, opposite Julian
House; born Canada East, Oct. 17, 18*31;
came to the states in 1838; came to
Boone Co., Belvidere, in 1845, and has
lived here over thirty-two years; en
gaged in business with Mr. Farrar; his
first wife was Miss Amelia Slusser; his
present wife was Julia Martin, from State
New York; married July 15, 1865; they
have three children, Fanny A., Jennie M.,
Arthur W. ; lost one son.
<Juinn James.

R

AMSEY JOHN, mechanic.

RAMSEY MARK, Vice-President
First National Bank.
Rands Chas. farmer ; Sec. 36.
Ransom E. D. druggist.
Ray M. S. retired farmer.
Ray T. L. photographer.
Redell John, laborer.
Reed William, mechanic.
Reinhardt Thos. clerk.
Reynolds D.
Reynolds E. H. farmer.
Reynolds John, laborer.
Reynolds L. H. farmer.
Rhulman F. cabinet maker.
Rice G. W. 'bus driver.
Rice Nelson, laborer.
Rice O. W. merchant.

BELVTDEEE TOWNSHIP.

361

Richardson Geo. laborer.
Richardson John, carpenter.
Richardson Wm. laborer.
Rislan S. S.
Ritzart Henry, laborer.
Ritzert Ludwig, farmer.
ROBERTS R. Publisher
Standard; born East Hartford, Conn., Dec.
24, 1824 ; lived in that State some years,
and served his apprenticeship in New
York City ; came to Chicago in 1843 ; pub
lished the Woodstock Bemocrat in 1850;
came to this Co. 185 1 ; he has, published
the Belvidere Standard over 25 years with
out change ; has held office of Corporation
Trustee ; married Miss P. L. Cowdrey, of
Ashtabula, Ohio, in Sept., 1856 ; have three
children, daughters, Anna, Bertha, Jessie.
Robertson C. A. clerk.
Robinson Charles, clerk.
Robinson E. R. retired farmer. ,
Robinson George W. painter.
ROBINSON WM. H. 'Blacksmith;
born in County Kent, England, March 3,
1850 ; came to this country at an early age ;
lived in New York two years ; came to
Belvidere in 1854, and has lived here 23
years; has been engaged in blacksmith
business for 8 years ; his parents are living
here in this town.
ROLLINS JOHN A. Sec. 11; born
in Belvidere, 111., Oct. 31, 1839 ; pursued
his academical studies at the Preparatory
Department of Beloit College, Wis., and
at the Ann Arbor High School, Mich.;
entered Michigan University in Oct.,
1860, and remained there until shortly
after the breaking out of the civil war, in
1861, when he enlisted as a Private in the
45th I. V. I.; was detailed, as Clerk at
General Grant's Headquarters, in Jan.,
1862; promoted to 2d Lieut, in June,
1862, and to 1st Lieut, the following
October ; was iin the battles of Pittsburg
Landing, Medon Station, Port Gibson,
Jackson, Champion Hills, and Siege of
Vicksburg; resigned in July, 1863; re
sumed his collegiate studies in 1864, and
•graduated at Michigan University, in
1867; entered the Law School at Albany,
New York, in Nov., 1867, and was ad
mitted to the Bar in 1868; received the
Degree of Master of Arts from his Alma
Mater, in 1870; has since traveled some
what extensively in the Western States
and Territories, besides attending to his
large farming interests in this County.
Rood A. N. laborer.
Root Richard, laborer.
Rose G. A. clerk.
Rote Henry, farmer.
ROWEN W. C. Retired; born in Ba
tavia, Genesee Co., N. Y., March 2, 1826;
lived in that State 16 years; came to Ra

cine, Wis., lived there 1 year; came to
DeKalb Co. 1843, lived there 17 years;
came to Belvidere 1860 ; went to California
1873; has held office Town Trustee for 7
years, and also Town Collector in DeKalb
Co. ; married Miss Lovina Caswell, Oct. 8,
1861 ; she was born in Orleans Co., N.' Y.,
Nov. 25, 1835 ; have three children, J. W.,
born JaD. 18, 1864; Pefiy C, Feb. 18, 1867 ;
Lovina O, March 28, 1875.
Rutger Francis, clerk.
Ryerson A. F.
O ABIN D. D. merchant.
Sage J. horse dealer.
Sage O. N. clerk.
•Sager A. farmer; Sec. 11.
Sager Moses, retired farmer.
Sanford A. J. sewing machine agent.
Sargent O. J. produce dealer.
SAWYER JAMES W. Circuit
Clerk; born in Windsor Co., Vermont,
Nov. 9, 1835 ; came to this state, to Cook
Co., Nov., 1836, and has lived in this state
over forty-one years, his father and mother
being early settlers ; he removed to Wis
consin in 1860 ; was in army in 1st Wis
consin Battery ; was in several battles and
skirmishes — Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas
Post ; was left at James Plantation, below
Vicksburg, on account of sickness, during
that memorable siege ; came to Belvidere,
Boone Co., 1870; has held office School
Trustee; was elected Clerk of Circuit
Court of Boone Co. Nov., 1876 ; married
Miss Ruie D. Fisher, from Washington
Co., New York, May 30, 1866 ; they have
one child, Willie M., born in Carondolet,
Mo., Oct. 6, 1869.
Sawyer W. J. farmer; Sec. 22.
Saxton J. C. clerk.
Saxton John, furniture dealer.
SAXTON JOY H. Furniture Busi
ness; born Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 16,1841;
came to Belvidere in 1846 ; has lived here
31 years ; was in army, Co. G, 95th Regt. I.
V. I. ; was on detached service at head
quarters Gens. McPherson and Howard;
married Matilda Herbert, from this town
and Co., May 5, 1875 ; one child, Gertie O,
born Feb. 9, 1876. John Saxton, father of
the . above, was born State of New York,
1813 ; came to this town and Co. in 1846 ;
lived here 31 years ; held office of P. M.
here 5 years ; married Almeda V. Handy,
from N. Y., in 1837 ; have two children,
sons.
Schemerhorn Chas. farmer.
Schemerhorn E. C. speculator.
Schemerhorn R. J. livery.
Schofield G. W.
SCOTT CHARLES, M. D., Phy
sician ; born in Lycoming Co., Penn., May

362

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY".

26, 1849 ; lived in that State 14 years, and
came to Winnebago, Co., this State ; studied
medicine and graduated at Rush Medical
College, Chicago, in 1874 ; spent one year
in hospital ; came to Belvidere and has
practiced his profession here since ; mar
ried Miss Clara E. Towsley, of Portage
Co., Ohio, May 24, 1877.
Scott J. T.
Scott W. W. laborer.
Sellard Geo. farmer; Sec. 11.
Sergerrt Eli, butter dealer.
Sewell Frank.
SEWELL ISAAC, Retired; born in
Suffolk Co., Eng., Oct. 10, 1817 ; came to
Canada at an early age, and to this coun
try in 1839 ; came to Rockford, and removed
to Boone Co., town of Caledonia, the same
year, and has lived here thirty-e'ght years ;
has held office of Town School Trustee;
also been School Director for many years ,
has also held office of Supervisor; he used
to cart his grain to Chicago; married
Mary Godwin, in Detroit, May, 1839 ; she
was born in England; they have six chil
dren, Joseph, William, Sutton, Edson,
Frank, Alice V. ; lost one daughter, Maria.
Sewell William, mechanic.
SEYMOUR C. H„ M. D., Homeo
pathic Physician ; born in Avon, Living
ston Co., N. Y., May 2, 1828; lived in that
State sixteen years; removed to Milwau
kee, Wis., and lived there eight years;
graduated at Carroll College, Waukesha,
Wis. ; studied medicine, and graduated at
Jefferson College, Philadelphia; attended
lectures and graduated at Hahnemann
Medical College, Chicago ; was in Califor
nia and Colorado several years ; came to
Belvidere in 1877; married Mary A.
Rogers, of Albany Co., N. Y., March 10,
1853; she studied medicine and graduated
at St. Louis College, received Diploma,
and is practicing medicine here with her
husband.
Shannon Edward, laborer.
Shaw Daniel, laborer.
Shaw E. J. student.
Shane H. B. laborer.
Shaw J. L. laborer.
Shaw S. T. mechanic.
Shean John, laborer.
Sherman E. B. grain dealer.
Sherman H. O. lumber dealer.
Sherman J. O. lumber merchant.
Sherrell H. J. teacher.
Sherrell John, farmer.
SHERRILL PROF. HENRY J ./
Principal Public School of North Bel
videre ; Sec. 34 ; born in Madison Co., N.
Y., April 28, 1824; lived in that State for
forty-two years, engaged in Teaching;
commenced teaching at the age of sixteen ;

came to Belvidere, Boone Co., in 1865, and
is Principal of the North Belvidere Public
School; he has taught in two schools
twenty-two years, and has been engaged in
teaching since 1846; owns farm of 80
acres ; married Jennie A. Briggs, of Che
nango Co., N. Y., July 31, 1854; she died
in 1870 ; had one son, Frank A., born Nov.
19, 1862 ; lost one son, Willie, born July
19, 1857, died June 27, 1861 ; married Mrs.
Alice J. Seaver, formerly Miss Alice
Bentley, of Aurora, N. Y., Dec. 23, 1873;
have one child, Jennie, born July 22, 1877!
Siebert Jacob, manufacturer.
Siebert Valentine, laborer.
Simons A.
Simons H. H. mechanic. ,
Simons P. B. mechanic.
Simpson Thos. O. laborer.
Slafter A. A. farmer.
Slater Wm. musician.
Soost Wm. saloon-keeper.
Smedley Ephraim, mason.
Smedley Jas. E. laborer.
Smedley Nathan, physician.
Smiley Edward, photographer
Smiley F. R. clerk.
Smiley R. farrier.
Smith A. M. farmer; Sec. 22. •
Smith C. L. farmer.
Smith F. J. farmer.
Smith F. S. grain dealer.
Smith Frank.
Smith H. F. farmer; Sec. 21.
* Smith Montgomery, farmer ; Sec. 22.
Smith S. farmer ; Sec. 5.
Smith Samuel, farmer ; Sec. 13.
Smith Wm. farmer ; Sec. 7. •
Smith Z. W. farmer.
Spackman C. attorney.
Spencer C. farmer.
Spencer D. farmer ; Sec. 3.
Spencer S. mechanic.
Spencer Simeon, farmer; Sec. 3.
Spoor Jas. farmer.
Starr H. G. dealer.
Starr J. C. manufacturer.
Stearns H. H. farmer.
STEPHENSON JOHN, Farming
and Stone Quarrying; Sec. 5; born in
Cumberland Co., Eng., Sept. 16, 1818;
lived in England twenty-nine years ; came
to Belvidere, Boone Co., in 1847 ; went to
California in 1850, and was there five
years ; owns 213 acres land ; has been en-
gaged in Stone and Lime business; has
been married twice; his first wife was
Elizabeth Tyson, of Cumberland Co.,
Eng. ; she died in 1847 ; married Martha

POPLAR GROVE

BELYIDEBE TOWNSHIP.

365

Telford, from north of Ireland, in 1857;
have four children, Hannah Jane, John,
Mary E., Martha A. ; lost one daughter.
Stevens J. G. merchant.
Stewart George, merchant.
Stockwell F. S. farmer; Sec. 13.
Stockwell M. F. farmer; Sec. 13. »
, Stockwell P. F. farmer.
Stoner [Frank, mechanic.
Stone W. S.
Storms L. S. laborer.
Storms T. laborer.
Stow C. L. retired merchant.
Streeter O. C. carpenter.
Strong L. L. laborer.
Strong M. E. laborer.
Styles J. W. laborer.
Styles John C. mechanic.
Styles Wm. H. clerk.
Sullivan Cornelius, laborer.
Sullivan Dennis, mechanic.
Sullivan J. J. saloon keeper.
Sullivan Jeremiah, mechanic.
Sullivan Jerry, wagon maker.
Sullivan John, saloon keeper.
Sunderland W. farmer.
Sullivan M. farmer ; Sec. 11.
Swail W. D. broker.
SWASEY SAMUEL, Retired; born
in Newberry, Vt, Feb. 22, 1804 ; removed
to N. H. at an early age ; lived there until
1833 ; came to this State that year, and re
turned to N. H. in 1836 ; held office of
Register Probate for ten years ; represent
ed the town of Haverhill in the State Leg
islature for six or seven years, and was
chosen Speaker of the House for three
sessions ; was member of the Constitution
al Convention in 1850 ; came to this State
in 1857 ; lived in Chicago nine years ; came
to this Co.in 1867 ; married Edith Holmes,
af Petersborough, N. H., in 1842; they
have four children : Chas. J., Samuel, Jr.,
Edith A. and Edward H. ; lost two : Frank
Pierce and Katie; Mrs. Sallie Holmes,
mother of Mrs. Swasey, was born in New
Ipswich, N. H., June 24, 1787, and was
ninety years of age last June.
Sweatman Geo. W. farmer ; Sec. 32.
Sweatman John, farmer ; Sec. 32.
Sweet H. M. clerk.
^ Sykes H. B. merchant.
Sylvius Dan, farmer.
*TVAYLOR W. S. mechanic.
TAYLOR MRS. ELECTA, For
merly Miss Electa Burghardt; born in
Berkshire Co., Mass., June 8, 1808; lived
there twenty years; removed to Ontario

Co., N. Y., and lived there 15 years ; came
to Belvidere in 1843, thirty-four years ago ;
she married Dr. C. VanBrunt, from Orange
Co., New York, in 1844; he died in 1851;
on the 17th day of Sept., 1862, she married
the Rev. Hutchins Taylor, the first pastor
of the First Presbyterian Church of Syr
acuse, N. Y., the first church organized"in
that city; he came to this state in 1844;
died Aug. 31, 1868; in 1865 Mrs. Taylor's
eyesight began to fail, and she has been
totally blind for ten years, living all alone,
performing all of her household duties,
, and making her home pleasant and at
tractive to all who enter it by her cheerful,
hopeful disposition ; she has three sisters,
Mrs. Avaline Younglove, of Buffalo;
Mrs. Maria Sears, of Belvidere;' Mrs*
Annie Kirby, of Detroit. Mrs. Maria
Sears was born in Berkshire Co., Mass.,
Nov. 25, 1818 ; lived there nine years, and
in New York state ten years; married
Brownell Sears, from Ontario Co., New
York, in 1839 ; they came to Boone Co. in
1839, thirty-eight years ago ; he died June
3d, 1864 ; they had three children, Louisa
M., Addie O, Irving C. ; lost one son,
Horace B. ; he was in army, 45th Regt.
I. V. I.; died April 9, 1862.
Teeple E. farmer.
Teeple Edgar E. farmer; Sec. 30.
•Teeple Luke, farmer; Sec. 30.
Terry E. K. clerk.
Terwilliger G. retired.
Terwilliger Irving, bank clerk.
TERWILLIGER JAS. S. Cashier
First National Bank; born in Cortland
Co., N. Y., March 26, 1822 ; came to this
Co. in 1847, and has lived here over thirty
years ; has held office of Justice of the
Peace for some years; married Miss
Emily Mitchell, from Petersburg, N. H.,
in 1848 ; they have one child, Florence M.
Terwilliger Jas. banker.
Terwilliger P. A. merchant.
Terwilliger S. retired.
THOMAS DEXTER S, Farmer;
Sec. 32; born in Me., Oct. 26, 1835; lived
in that State twenty years ; came to Boone
Co. in 1855, and has lived here twenty-two
years ; was engaged in the grocery busi
ness and was burned out in 1858 ; was in
the army, 15th I.V.I. ; married Miss Ellen
M. Blake, from N. H., in May, 1857; they
have four children': Chas. W., Mary Fran
ces, Georgie B., Willie.
Thomas J. H. laborer.
Thomas Jerome, laborer ; Sec. 32.
Thomas Lafayette, farmer.
Thompson E. S. laborer.
Thompson J. C. broker.
Thompson W. S. merchant.
Thurston W. H. farmer; Sec. 28.

366

BOONE county mbkctoby:

Tibbets T. W. farmer.
Tisdale Grove, laborer.
\ Tobine H. W. farmer ; Sec. 19.
Tobine H. W. farmer; Sec. 18.
• Tobine Wm. farmer ; Sec. 22.
TOMKINS ENOS, Was born in New
York City, Feb. 1, 1795; at the age of
eighteen he participated in the war of
1812, enrolling in a city militia company,
under Capt. Hugh Maxwell; from this
company he was transferred to a company
called the Sea Fensibles, under Capt. Shoe
maker, with headquarters at Mill Rock,
on which they erected a block house
and a fort. At this time New York City
was under martial law. At the expira
tion of his term of service he was honora
bly discharged. Learning that a number
of government vessels were being fitted
out in New York harbor for the purpose
of annoying the British blockading
squadron, which was then off Sandy
Hook, and being anxious to be at the
front, he enlisttd for six months, but
before the expiration of that time peace
was proclaimed, and he enlisted as car
penter's mate on board the United States
brig, Flambeau, John B. Nicholson Com
mander, which was sent up the Mediter
ranean to fight the Algerines, against
whom we had declared war, and to whom
our government, as well as all Europe,
was paying tribute for the use of those
waters. Under command of Commodore
Decatur, the squadron arrived off the
harbor ot Algiers, and so unexpected was
their appearance Decatur found the Al-
gerine Commodore's ship off on a col
lecting trip. Our fleet immediately
started in pursuit, and after a hot running
fight of one hour and twenty minutes the
enemy was brought to bay. Out of her
crew of 800 men, 180 were killed, among
whom were her Commodore and several
of her officers, so that on" the surrender of
the ship, that duty devolved upon the
boatswain, he being the highest officer on
duty. The ship's armament consisted of
sixty-four brass guns, and she was consid
ered the flower ol the Algerine navy. The
Flambeau was detailed to take the prize
into Carthagena, a Spanish port. On the
return of the brig to the beautiful harbor
of Algiers, she found the U. S. squadron
in line of battle, awaiting her arrival, with
"bows on and matches lit," ready for
shelling the city. When the brig had
taken her position, Commodore Decatur
sent his terms to the Dey and gave him
twenty minutes for an answer. His terms
were accepted. They compelled the
Algerines to forever renounce their claim
to tribute from our shipping, and also
secured the release of all Christians of
every nationality held in bondage by them.
This accomplished, the squadron sailed
up the Mediterranean on a pleasure trip

and returned to New York in October,
1815. For the part Mr. Tomkins took in
this war he is now receiving a pension
from the United States government. Soon
after his discharge from the navy, Mr.
Tomkins went to Georgia, and spent most
of his time in the Southern States, until
the year 1824, when he visited Farming-
ton, Conn., and married Miss Rebecca
Newell, with whom he returned to North
Carolina, where he continued in the man
ufacture of clock cases, in which he was
quite extensively engaged, owning factories
in the states of Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee, Pennsylvania and New York,
and in Canada. In the year 1828, he
moved with his family to Pennsylvania,
where he lived twenty-three years, during
which time his manufactories turned out
clock cases, chairs and bedsteads. In
September, 1851, he moved to Illinois,
and settled in Belvidere, Boone Co., where
he has since resided. He was for several
years senior member of the firm of Tom
kins & Fuller, Bankers, the first institu
tion of the kind ever started in Boone
Co. This firm also opened a bank in
Rockford, the second of the kind in that
city. On leaving the banking business,
he retired from active life. He cast his
first vote for Andrew Jackson for Presi
dent, and has voted for every democratic
President since, and still adheres strongly
to democratic principles ; he has been for
many years a member of the Presbyterian
Church, and held the office of elder
throughout the existence of the Second
Presbyterian Church of Belvidere. The
old gentleman's family now consists of
his wife, Rebecca; N. C. Tomkins, of
Salt Lake City, U. T.; William H. Tom
kins, of San Francisco, Cal.; Ellen E.,
wife of C. E. Kelsey, a well-known music
dealer of Boone Co., and Anna M., wife of
J. B. Collins, of Chicago.
Tomlinson A. D. bank clerk.
TOUSLEY R. J. Proprietor Julian
House; born in Portage Co., Ohio, Nov.
28, 1835 ; left there and went to Wis. in
1847, and lived there eight years ; came to
Belvidere in 1865, and has conducted
Julian House for past twelve years; mar
ried Miss Augusta Traver, daughter of
Robert Traver, Dec. 12, 1865; she was
born in Cortland Co., N. Y., April 11,
1845 ; have two sons : Herbert T„ born
Aug. 9, 1867; Frank R., April 18, 1869.
Traver Robt. retired hotel keeper.
Tripp S. farmer; Sec. 29. "
TRUESDELL EUGENE E. P.
Real Estate and Loan ; born in Hampden
Co., Mass., Sept. 24, 1845; Hved in that
State twenty-two years, and came to Belvi
dere July, 1867 ; is engaged in Real Estate
and Loan Business ; married Miss Fannie
T. Page, Jan. 25, 1871 ; she was born in
Belvidere, Nov. 26, 1846; they have two

BELVTDEBE TOWNSHIP.

367

children, Ernest P., born June 2, 1873;
Lucy Frances, Nov. 20, 1875 ; Mrs. Fran
ces T. Page, mother of Mrs. Truesdell,
was born in Montpelier, Vt., and came to
Belvidere in 1843 ; one pf the early settlers ;
she married Dr. David Page, of Mass. ; he
was one of the early settlers of this Co.
and identified with its interests ; he died
Jan., 1868.
Turneaune T. S. shoemaker.
Turner A. D. stock dealer.
Tuttle Geo. laborer.
TUTHILL ISAAC W. Blacksmith ;
born Orange Co., N. Y., Aug. 25,1847;
lived in that State nine years; came to
Rockford, this State, in 1856, and learned
his trade there ; he has been engaged in
. business here three years ; married Miss
Lizzie G. Wallace, from Poplar Grove, in
this Co. ; born Dec. 12, 1851 ; they were
married Oct. 8, 1874.
Tyman Patrick, farmer ; Sec. 12.

UV

PDEGRAFF W. D. carpenter.
AN NATTER A. farmer; Sec. 2.

Van Epps J. S. farmer.
Vanderwacker H. farmer ; Sec. 18.
Vanderwacker John,.farmer.
Vanderwacker R. farmer.
Veeder Robt. farmer.
Vickery R. farmer ; Sec. 2.
Vickery Robt. miller.
Vorus John, mechanic.
Vorus Fred, mechanic.

w

ADDLES J. S. farmer.

Wait Valorus, farmer.
WALDOCK JOHN. Brewer; born
in Bedfordshire, Eng., Jan. 16, 1844; came
to this country in 1856; came to Rock
ford; lived there several years; came to
Belvidere in 1860 ; was engaged in bakery
business ; is now running Belvidere Brew
ery; served in the Crimean war, and was
at the seige of Sebastapol ; was in the army
over three years, Co. D, 15th I. V. I. ; en
listed as private, and was promoted to
First Lieutenant; was in battle of Pitts
burg Landing, Seige of Corinth, Vicks
burg, and a number of others; married
Eliza Dupuy, from Rockford, Jan. 1, 1860;
they have four children : Julia, Arthur J.,
Walter A. and Geo. N.
Walker Byron, farmer; Sec. 3. •
Walker Edgar, farmer.
Walker Frank, farmer.
Walker F. H. merchant.
WALKER HOUGHTON C. Mer
chant; born Town Peacham, Caledonia
Co., Vermont, Oct. 23, 1815 ; lived in that

state twenty-one years ; came to Chicago
Sept., 1836, and came to Belvidere in April,
1837, and has lived here over forty years ;
only very few living here now that were
here when he came; he is engaged in the
dry goods business, and is the oldest mer
chant in Belvidere ; his father built store
on N. W. corner State and Mechanic
streets, in 1839 ; he engaged in mercantile
business, with his father at an early day,
and it took him a month to go to Boston
and buy his goods and return, and he was
obliged to walk large part of the way
from Dunkirk to Buffalo ; he was elected
Sheriff of Boone Co. in 1838, and was
called the Boy Sheriff; has also held office
of Town Clerk; married Miss Emeline A.
Frost, of Brooklyn, New York, July 5,
1843;, they have two sons, Francis H.,
born July 13, 1844 ; in business with his
father; Charles F., born Aug. 14, 1846,
now in Chicago.
WALKER THOMAS D. Farmer;
Sec. 4; born in Chenango Co., N. Y., Jan.
29, 1811 ; lived in that state twenty-seven
years ; came to Illinois, to Boone Co., in
1838, and has lived here tbirty-nine years;
one of the early settlers ; was engaged in
quarrying stone and burning lime ; used
to cart grain to Chicago ; has sold wheat
at 60 cents a bushel ; owns 160 acres land ;
has held office of School Director and
Path Master ; married Sarah Smith, Aug.
18, 1830 ; she was born in Chemung Co.,
N. Y., June 18, 1812; have five children,
Sarah E., Edgar, Cornelia, Frank, Phoebe ;
lost three children.
Walker Wm. farmer.
"WALLACE JOHN, Retired; born
in Wishaw, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Oct.,
1823 ; lived in Scotland twenty five years ;
came to this country in 1848 ; came to Bel
videre same year, and has lived in this Co.
twenty-nine years; engaged in Farming
in towns Manchester, Caledonia, and
Boone; has held offices School Director
and Path Master; married Elizabeth Gibb,
of England, 1834; she died in 1857; mar
ried Agnes Ray, from Scotland; she was
born in Scotland; he has three children,
Jane, Elizabeth, Susan.
Ward L. farmer ; Sec. 32.
Warren D. A. mechanic.
Warren Edwin W. farmer ; Sec. 14.
WARREN HENRY, Farmer; Sec.
14; born in Devonshire, England, March
6, 1828; came to this country in 1831;
lived in Genesee Co., N. Y., twenty-two
years; came to Boone Co. in 1853, and
has lived here twenty-four years; owns
111 acres land; has held office School
Director and Road Master; married
Rebecca Roach, from Devonshire, En
gland, in May, 1852; have -four children,
Eliza A., Edwin W., Nellie M., Alice R,
lost two children.

368

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOEY:

Wanen J. W. laborer.
Washburn L. butcher.
Watkins Allen.
Watkins J. B. farmer.
Watson David, fanner ; Sec. 7.
Watson D. M. farmer.
"WATSON ELIJAH, Retired ; born
in New Hampshire, April 16, 1803 ; lived
in Nashua eighteen or twenty years, and
in that state fiity-seven years; came to
this state, to Boone Co., 1860 ; engaged in
Farming many years ; married Miss Eliza
Palmer, Feb. 28, 1827; she was born in
Kensington, New Hampshire, Jan. 29,
1806; they were married fifty years last
February ; they have six children, Eliza,
Jennie, Josiah, Emma, Eva, Charlie; lost
two children ; Charlie was in army, 35th
Regt. Wisconsin V. I., Co. F.; was in
Mobile Campaign, at siege Spanish Fort;
they were under fire of enemy thirteen

Watson John, farmer; Sec. 7.
Watson Wm. farmer ; Sec. 7.
Webb Wm. W. clerk.
Weekley Chas. saloon keeper.
WELSHER REV. WILLARD
A. Pastor First Baptist Church ; born in
Monroe Co., N. Y., May 8, 1837; lived in
that state twenty-six years ; entered Roches
ter University and graduated there in
1862 ; his first Pastorate was at Litchfield,
Ohio, in 1864; from there went to Troy,
Ohio; came fo Illinois; was Pastor suc
cessfully at Toulon, Chillicothe, and Cam
bridge; was called to Pastorate First
Baptist Church of this city in June, 1874,
the largest house of worship here ; mar
ried Miss Sarah J. Wood, from Monroe
Co., N. Y., May 8, 1852; have three chil
dren, Arthur G., born May 31, 1853 ; Ina
L., Jan. 18, 1870; Lewis Henry, July 10,
1875.
Westfall John T. farmer.
Weston ETiram, clerk.
Weston Wm. laborer ; Sec. 27.
Whelden Jabez, farmer ; Sec. 7.
Whelden Philip G. farmer ; Sec. 7.
Whelden P. G., Jr., Sec. 7.
Wheeler A. H. farmer.
Wheeler G. S. laborer.
WHEELER LEWIS E. Farmer;
Sec. 24 ; born in Madison Co., N. Y., Aug.
19, 1830; lived in that state twenty-five
years ; came to this Co. in 1855, and has
lived here twenty-two years; owns 252
acres land ; has been married three times ;
his first wife was Sarah Sheffield, of Mad
ison Co., N. Y. ; his second wife was Mar
garet Saxton, of Belvidere ; had two sons
and two daughters, Frank, Clara, Sarah,
Ernest; married his present wife, Mary
Ames, of Belvidere, Dec. 10, 1873; they

have one child, Walton A. Wheeler, born
Feb. 27, 1877.
White Alonzo.
Whitehead Harry, merchant.
WHITEHEAD REV. J. M.
Pastor South Belvidere Baptist Church;
borne Wayne Co., Ind., March 6, 1823;
lived in Indiana forty-one years; entered
the ministry in 1844, his first pastorate
being at Rolling Prairie ; he preached in
that county twenty years ; was in the army
two years, Chaplain of the 15th Ind. V. L,
Army of the Cumberland; was pastor
First Baptist Church, Kankakee, seven
years; also pastor North Star Baptist
Church, Chicago, six years ; every mem
ber of this church but two was burned out
in the great fire of 1871 ; he has built a
church in every pastorate he has presided
over before coming here ; he was called to
his present charge in 1876 ; married Miss
Mary J. PatDterson, from Ky., July 4, 1847 ;
she was brought up in Ohio ; they have
three children: John W., Eliza O. and
Nellie E. ; have lost five children, two sons
and three daughters.
Whitehead Wm. merchant.
WHITMAN CHAS. S. Retired;
born in Bennington Co., Vermont, Jan. 4,
1800; lived there twenty-five years j re
moved to New York state ; he is one of
the earliest settlers Boone Co. now living
that was here when he came ; carted grain
to Chicago for many years, taking from
six days to two weeks to make a trip;
sometimes they would have twenty yoke
of oxen to pull one load through slough,
taking all day to get through; married
Mary Ann Jakway, of Fort Miller, New
York, in 1824; she died in 1857; he mar-
ried Mrs. Diana Hartwell, of Boston ; she
died Oct. 1, 1876 ; six children, three sons
and three daughters; buried first child
ever buried in this Co.
Whitman F. S. physician.
Whitman R. T. farmer.
Whitmore Abijah, laborer.
Whitmore Alonzo, laborer.
Whitworth Ernest.
WILCOX DANIEL, County Treas
urer; born in Herkimer Co., New York,
Sept. 14, 1814; lived in that state thirty-
five years ; came to this Co. to Belvidere,
in 1855 ; was connected with C. & N. W.
R. R. for nineteen years ; he was elected
County Treasurer; married Miss Sarah
A. Rix, of Herkimer Co., New York, in
Feb., 1853 ; they have one child, Ralph T.
Wilcox, born Dec. 1, 1854.
Wilbur George W. attorney.
Wilds G. W.
Williams A. O. druggist.
Williams D. wood dealer.

BELVTDEEE TOWNSHIP.

369

WILLIAMS JOSEPH R. Meat
Market ; born in Cumberland Co., Penn.,
Aug. 1;, 1810; lived in that state twenty-
two years ; lived in Perrysville, Ohio, six
teen years ; went to Warsaw, Ind., 1838 ;
lived there seven years ; came to this town
and Co. July 20, 1845, and has lived here
thirty-two years ; his only brother, William
Williams, now of Washington, D. O, was
member of Congress, from state of Indiana,
for six years ; married Tabitha Doolittle,
from Vermont, in March, 1845 ; have four
children, two sons and two daughters,
William R., Albert, Mrs. Helen Leonard,
Blanche Williams ; his sons are at Sioux
Falls, Dakota Territory.
Williams John, laborer.
Williams Wm. H. mechanic.
WILLIAMSON G„ M. D., Physi
cian; born in Meadville, Penn., May 3,
1844; lived there eleven years; came to
Marengo, this state, 1853; studied medi
cine and graduated at Rush Medical Col
lege, Chicago, season 1867 ; he has prac
ticed his profession here for seven years ;
was in the army, member 17th Illinois
Cav., under Col. Beveridge, now ex-Gov-
erner this state; married Miss Susie
Bunker, of Woodstock, McHenry Co.,
Oct. 7, 1868.
Wilson Robert, mechanic.
Wing F. J. painter.
WING JOSEPH V. Carriage Manu
facturer; born in Sherburn, New York,
Oct. 14, 1813 ; lived in that state thirty-six
years; came to Belvidere in 1849; has
lived here twenty-eight years; has been
engaged in business since he came ; mar
ried Sarah A. Johnson, from Virgil, Cort
land Co., N. Y., in 1840; they have four
children, Fred, Eugenia, David, Frank;
lost three children.
Winters Isaac, laborer.
WINNE FRANCIS I. Street Com
missioner; born in Albany Co., N. Y.,
April 12, 1832 ; lived in N. Y. State twenty-
one years; came to Boone Co., to Belvi
dere, in 1853 ; has lived here twenty-four
years; engaged in Farming number of
years ; married Miss Kesiah Sager, Aug.
30, 1860; she was born in Greene Co.,
N. Y., in 1830.
WITBECK ISAAC T. Retired;
born in Green Co., New York, June 14,
1810; lived there forty-four years; came
to Chicago in spring of 1854; lived there
four years; was engaged in the manu
facture of wagons and plows, of the firm
of H. Witbeck & Co. ; removed to Boone
Co., June, 1858; has lived here nineteen
years ; engaged in farming five years ; re
moved to Belvidere, 1864, and on account
of ill-health retired from active business ;
has held office of Supervisor Town of
Flora, and Assistant Supervisor of Belvi
dere ; also Corporation Trustee ; married

Miss Miranda Onderdonk, from Albany
Co., New York, Nov. 4, 1835 ; they have
two children, Luther John, Abram O.;
lost two, one son and one daughter.
Wieon Ansel, farmer ; Sec. 19.
Wolverten D. C. butter dealer.
"WOOD SAMUEL, Proprietor City
Scales ; born in Gloucestershire, England,
February 25, 1812; was engaged in the
furniture business there; came to this
country in 1850 ; lived in New York State
and Canada, and came to Belvidere, Boone
Co., in October, 1855, and has lived here
twenty-two years; was engaged in pro
duce business here for some years ; he was
one in company with W. H. Gilman and
others in building the stores under Adel
phi Hall, and erected most of the build
ings on the southwest end as far as the
scales; has held office of Corporation
Trustee for three terms, and was elected
President of the Board ; owns a farm of
80 acres in town of Flora ; married Lucy
A. Stiles, his present wife, from Hamilton
Co., N. Y., Feb. 9, 1854; they have three
children: Joseph, born in England,
Oct 10, 1832; Frederick, in England,
Feb. 12, 1838; Mary A. in England,
July 31, 1845 ; their daughter, Mary A.
Wood, married Rev. A. A. Newhall, of
Woburn, Mass., July 19, 1876 ; they are
both missionaries in Southern India.
"WOOD WALES W. Attorney; born
in Cattaraugus Co., N. Y., April 25, 1837 ;
attended Genesee College two years, and
then entered Union College, Schenectady,
and after two years graduated there, class
of 1857, one of the few who received
honor of election to "Phi Beta Kappa
Society;" came to this city and Co. in
1857, and entered law office of "Fuller &
Wood," and was admitted to the Bar in
1860; enlisted in army, and was appointed
Adjutant 95th Regt. I. V. I. ; was Assistant
Adjutant General on General McArthur's
staff; was on similar duty and took part
battle Nashville, Mobile, and other cam
paigns ; at close war, he wrote the history
of the 95th Regt. ; resumed his profession ;
was appointed Master in Chancery in
1865; served eight years; was elected
States Attorney this Co., 1872 ; served four
years ; married Miss Alice E. Humphrey,
from Smithport, McKean Co., Penn., June
1 13, 1866; have one child, Gertrude C.
Wood, born June 20, 1869.
Woods William, laborer.
Woodruff C. W. mechanic.
WRANCH JOSIAH, Farmer; born
in England, June 1, 1834; came to this
country in 1843 ; lived in New York State
twelve years ; came to this Co. in 1855, and
has lived here twenty-two years ; owns 37
acres of land just outside of corporation,
and 172 acres in Nebraska ; married Miss
Amelia L. Benjamin, Dec. 7, 1865; she

370

BOONE COUNTY DIEEOTOEY:

was born in Cazenovia, N. Y., Jan. 12,
1845; have four children: Fanny, born
Sept. 3, 1866; Alice, Oct. 1, 1868; Fred,
June 19, 1871 ; Belle, Sept. 8, 1873.
WRATE F. S. Farmer and Dairyman;
Sec. 28 ; born Cambridgeshire, Isle of Ely,
England, Aug. 9, 1831 ; came to this country
in 1853 ; livedin Vermont four years ; came
to Illinois, to Kewanee, Henry Co., in 1857 ;
was in grain business ; was Sutler of 124th
Regt. I. V. L, during the war; was trading
down the Mississippi River for two years ;
came to Belvidere, Boone Co., in 1864, and
is engaged in farming and dairy business ;
owns farm of 165 acres; married Jane
Jackson, of Cambridgeshire, England, in
April, 1852; have four children, Jessie,
Franklin, Lydia, and Albert.
Wrate Frank W. farmer; Sec. 28.
"WRIGHT OMAR H. Attorney ; born
in Durham, Greene Co., N. Y., May 23,
1827 ; at the age of 25 was elected Princi
pal of Greeneville Academy, Greene Co.,
, Y., and afterwards Professor of Fort
Plain Seminary, which he resigned on ac
count of ill health ; he prepared for col
lege at Union Academy, Knoxville, Pa. ;
eutered Alfred University and graduated
in 1850 ; he has lived in Belvidere since
1856; was Principal of Public Schools;
has held office of Magistrate several years,
and alsovCity Clerk; was Government As
sessor eight years ; has practiced his pro
fession here for many years, and is Master
in Chancery of Boone Co. Circuit Court ;
in 1858, he married Miss Helen M. Wil
liams, of Belvidere, formerly of Oswego,
N. Y. ; they have two sons, Robert W. and
Omar H.
WYMAN CHARLES, (Deceased.)
born in Granville, N. Y., September 15,
1815; lived in New York State twenty
years ; then a party of four, consisting of
himself, his brother Alfred, and two Mr. I

£

Bartletts, came to Boone Co., town of
Caledonia, in the fall of 1835, locating on
Sec. 8; they dug a hole in the ground and
covered it over, where they passed the
winter, and lived on corn cake and mo
lasses ; the two Mr. Bartletts had to bor
row twenty-five cents of their companions
in Chicago to get through ; they went to
Rockford, and became among the wealth
iest people there; the Wyman brothers
took up land here ; Charles married Miss
Matilda Steele, from Vermont; they re
mained where he first located until April,
1875, when he departed this life, leaving a
wife and six children, who are still living
»in Boone Co. ; children are, Mrs. Martha
Sherman, Mrs. Maria Ball, Edwin, Mary,
Emma, and Justin.
Wyman E. C. broker.
"^7"OUNG E. L. P. policeman.
Youts Henry, farmer.
Yourt John, broker.
^EIGLAR W. F. baker.
COVEY SIMEON L. Sheriff Boone
Co. ; Belvidere ; born in Chautauqua Co.,
N. Y., Feb 1, 1834; came to Belvidere in
1837, one of the early settlers ; has been
engaged in Farming, Grocery trade, and
Stock business; owns farm of 204 acres in
town of Boone ; has held office of Deputy
Sheriff; was elected Sheriff of Boone Co.
in 1872, re-elected in 1874, and again re
elected in 1876 ; his first wife was Miss Eliza
Webster, of Hamburg, N. Y.; had one
son, Geo. H. Covey, born May 8, 1855;
married Miss Elizabeth Porter, daughter
of Thos. W. Porter, Esq., of this city, Nov.
8,1876.
CRARY MRS. MARY E. Su-
perintendent of Schools Boone Co. tl

BOONE TOWNSHIP.

371

BOONE TOWNSHIP.

A DAMS M. A. dentist ; Capron.
ALEXANDER JAMES, Retired
Farmer; Sec. 24; P. 0. Capron; was born
in Fayette Co., Ind., Aug. 28, 1816 ; owns
215 acres, valued at $10,750 ; left there and
came to this Co. in the fall of 1840, and is
one of the oldest settlers ; Mr. A. was Su
pervisor five years, and Assessor five years ;
have four children, E. S., F. M., Serena
aDd E. J.; wife was Miss Sarah Mitchell;
she was born in Fayette Co., Penn., July
12, 1814; they we're married Sept. 1, 1836;
she died Aug. 25, 1875.
Alexander S. grain merchant; Poplar Grove.
Allen Watson, mechanic ; Capron.
Anderson A. O. farmer; Sec. 10;P.O.Capron.
Anderson A. farmer; Sec. 28; P.O. Capron.
Anderson J. T. farmer; Sec. 11 ; P.O.Capron.
Anderson N. farmer; Sec. 22; P.O. Capron.
Andrews R. farmer; Sec. 1 ; P.O. Capron.
Andrews Wm. merchant ; Capron.
Andrus Lyman, farmer; Sec. 33; P.O.Bonus.
Anonson Anon, laborer; Capron.
Anonson Kittle, retired ; Capron.
BALL EDWARD, farmer; Sec. 20; P. O.
Poplar Grove.
Ball E. B. farm; Sec. 20; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Ball Horace, laborer ; Capron.
Ball J. B. farm; Sec. 20; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Ball O. farmer; Sec. 20; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Bates Benj . farmer ; Sec. 15 ; P.O. Capron.
Bates Chas. farmer; Sec. 15 ; P.O. Capron.
Bates Fred, mechanic; Capron.
BATES ISAAC, Farmer and Stock
Raiser; Sec. 15; P. O. Capron; born in
Birmingham, Eng., Nov. 16, 1818; owns
334 acres, valued at $16,700; left there and
came to the U. S. and to this Co. in 1845,
and is one of the oldest settlers ; have six
sons and one daughter, Wm. H., born in
England, June 30, 1841 ; Charles, born in
England, March 29, 18.43 ; Frederick, born
in England, Feb. 18, 1845 ; Samuel, born
in Boone Co., May 6, 1847 ; Benjamin, born
in Boone Co., May 11, 1851; Ellen, born
in Beloit, Wis., April 30, 1854; Albert E.,
born in Boone Co., June 19, 1858 ; wife
was Miss Phoebe A. Tongue ; she was born
in England, Aug. 18, 1821 ; they were mar
ried July 27, 1840 ; he was Township Trus
tee and Township Clerk a number of years.
Bates Samuel, mechanic ; Capron.
Bates Wm. H. farmer; Sec. 15; P.O.Capron.
Bean Knute, farmer; Sec. 23; P.O. Capron.

"•Becker H. farmer; Sec. 29; P.O. Bonus.
Beebe L. M. farm ; S. 5 ; P.O. Poplar Grove. \
Benson B. L. farmer; Sec. 11; P.O. Capron. ^_
Benson J. L. farmer; Sec. 11; P.O. Capron. ^
Berry T. F. mechanic ; Capron.
Bounds A. F. farmer; Poplar Grove.
Bounds Wm. farm ; S. 30 ; P.O.Poplar Grove. -
Briggs Albert.
BRIGGS M. C. Physician and Surgeon ;
Poplar Grove ; was born in Chenango Co.,
N. J., Dec. 16, 1833 ; commenced the study
of medicine under Dr. Henry M. Craw
ford, of St. Charles, Kane Co., 111.; he
served four years in the late rebellion as
Assistant Surgeon ; has family, seven chil
dren, Allison M., Salen S., Lizzie W., Ed
win J., Nellie O, Owen M. and Mary E. ;
wife was Miss Mary J. Weld ; . she was
born in-Orford, N. H., Oct. 24, 1834; they
were married Oct. 25, 1852.
i Brown H. D. farmer; Sec. 32; P.O. Bonus.
1 Brown M. O. farmer; Sec. 33; P.O. Bonus.
Brown Thomas, laborer; Capron.
BURNSIDE EDWARD, Station
Agent ot the C. & N. W. R. R.; Poplar
Grove ; born in McHenry Co., June 27,
1853 ; came to this Co. in 1874; not mar
ried.
CADDICK ISAAC, Farmer; Sec.
17 ; P. O. Poplar Grove ; was born in
Worcestershire, Eng., June 5, 1822 ; owns
100 acres, valued at $3,500 ; left there and
came to the U. S. and to this Co. in 1850,
and is one of the oldest settlers ; has two
children, Catherine J. M., born in Boone
Co., March 17, 1852; Walter A., born May
10, 1856 ; wife was Catherine J. Bowder ;
she was born in Penn., June 4, 1820; they
were married in May, 1851 ; she died in
November, 1876.
'Carpenter C. farmer; Sec. 28; P.O. Capron.
Carroll H. M. merchant; Capron.
Casterline Gilbert, laborer ; Capron.
'CHAMPLIN I. H. Farmer; Sec. 36;
P. O. Bonus ; born in Windom Co., Conn.,
Nov. 13, 1800; came to this Co. in 1853;
owns 100 acres, valued at $5,000; have
four children, Samuel, Mary F., James H.
and Chas. H. ; wife was Miss Lavina Gif
ford ; she was born in Columbia Co., N.
Y. ; married Jan. 15, 1840.
Cinnaman H. farm j Sec. 13 ; P.O. Chemung. \
Clark Nels.
Cole A. J. retired; Capron.
Coleman Frank, mechanic; Capron.
Coleman J. B. mechanic; Capron..

372

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOEY:

I

Coleman P. farm ; Sec. 6 ; P.O. Poplar Grove. V
Coleman Wm. farm; S. 6;P.O.PoplarGrove.

COLVIN J. V. Farmer and Stock
Raiser; Sec. 33; P. O. Bonus; was born in
Bradford Co., Penn., April 30, 1837 ; came
to this Co. July 1, 1846 ; owns 120 acres,
valued at $6,000 ; is one of the oldest set
tiers ; have two children, Jesse, born Jan.
10,1865; Ruth, Aug. 2, 1874; wife was
Miss E. M. Williams, born in the same
Co., Sept. 8, 1833; married April 18, 1860.
Conley Harrison, laborer ; Capron.
Conley Henry, laborer ; Capron.
Conley John N. painter ; Capron.
Conley A. L. Justice of the Peace; Capron.
Conrad Wm. farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Capron.\
Cook James, farmer ; Sec. 8 ; P. O. Capron. \
Cook M. farm ; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Poplar Grove^
Covey H. J. farm; S.30; P.O. Poplar Grove. \j
v Covey S. farm ; Sec. 30 ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Cowen R. farm; S. 17; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Cramer Wm. Postmaster ; Capron.
CORNWELL RARNEY, Lumber
Dealer and Station Agent, Capron ; corn
near Toronto, Canada, Jan. 6, 1828 ; came to
this Co. in 1844; owns 330 acres, valued
at $14,250, and is one of the oldest settlers ;
wife was Miss Margaret Ann Day ; she was
born in Canada; married March 1, 1854;
he was Road Commissioner one term ; has
been Station Agent on the C. & N. W. R.
R. for the past seventeen years ; have had
five children : Thos. Milton, born Jan. 15,
1855, died Dec. 6,1868 ; Jas. Leonard, born
June 12, 1857, died Oct. 6, 1866; Barney
Emery, born Feb. 22, 1859, Geo. Oct: 4,
1861, died Oct. 18, 1862; Clara Etta, born
Jan. 13, 1869.
> CORNWELL MRS. PHCEBE,
Farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Poplar Grove; born
in Canada, Dec. 24, 1823 ; owns 100 acres,
valued at $5,000 ; widow of Gabriel Corn-
well; he was born in Canada, Sept. 6,
1824; he came to this Co. in 1845; was
one ofthe oldest settlers; he died May 22,
1863 ; Mrs. C.'s maiden name was Cole
man ; they were married March 19, 1842 ;
have three children, Sarah E., married Wm.
H. Bell, and lives in Delaware Co., Iowa,
Melvin E., and Wm. A., at home.
Cornwell Thomas, mechanic ; Poplar (Jrove.
Cornwell Wm. mechanic ; Poplar Grove.
Cornwell M. farm; S. 7; P. O. Poplar Grove.
DAY SYLVESTER, farmer; Sec. 9; P.
O. Capron.
Day Edward, laborer ; Capron.
Dean G. S. farm; S. 6; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Dickerson C. A.
Dickerson Daniel.
DuSn John,

JCTDGELL C. S. farmer; Sec. 7; P. 0.
ffrf Poplar Grove.
Edson Charles, farmer; S. 2; P. O. Capron. \
\Edson Peter, farmer; Sec. 21; P. O. Capron.
^Egleston W. F. farmer; S. 23; P. O. Capron.
Ellam J. farm ; Sec. 21 ; P. O. Poplar Grove. \
vEllingson E. farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Capron.
I^Ellingson Jno. farm ; Sec. 15 ; P. O. Capron.
Ellingson Ole, farm; Sec. 22; P. O. Capron. \
Emmons Jos. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Everts H. F. mechanic; Capron.

FORD JOHN, farmer; Sec. 25; P. 0.
Capron.
Fenton Charles, laborer ; Capron.
Freeman Charles, cheese maker; Capron.
Fross Charles W. peddler ; Poplar Grove.
Fross J. S. meat market; Poplar Grove.
Frye Pascal, farm ; Sec. 26 ; P. O. Capron.
^Frye Walter, farm ; Sec. 26 ; P. O. Capron.
FurgesonR. farmer; Sec. 23 ; P. O. Capron.
GEORGESON JOHN, farmer; Sec.l5;\
P. O. Capron. v
Georgeson Ole, farm ; Sec. 14 ; P. O. Capron. \
Goodrich Nathan, mechanic ; Capron.
GOODSELL LEWIS, Miller; P. 0.
Capron; was born in Norway, October,
1829 ; left there and came to the U. S. and
to McHenry Co. in 1850 ; has been a resi
dent of this Co. fourteen years ; wife was
Miss Elizabeth Bean, born in Boone Co.,
Jan. 5, 1843 ; they were married in De
cember, 1863 ; have four children : Henry,
born Sept. 29, 1864; Ellen, April 23, 1867;
Julia, April 4, 1869 ; Lewis F., Dec. 24,
1871.
Green Philomon, laborer ; Poplar Grove.
HAGER BENJAMIN, railroad laborer;
Capron.
Hannah R. laborer; Sec. 30; P. 0. Capron.
Hanson Hans, farm ; Sec. 12 ; P.O. Capron.
Hanson Knute, farm ; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Capron.
Hanson Ole K. farm; Sec. 10; P. O. Capron.
HANSON OLIVER K. Farmer and
Stock Raiser; Sec. 11; P. O. Capron; was
born in Norway, July 12, 1830 ; came to
the United States and to this Co. in 1842,
and is one of the oldest settlers; owns 170
acres, valued at $6,800; has eight chil
dren, Hannah, Knute, Edward, Christina,
Thomas, Maria, Olena, and William ; wife
was Miss Tona Edward, born in Norway;
married in 1852.
Harmond M.N.farm ; 8.20 ;P.O.Poplar Grove.
Hart George.
\ Haskins Ed. farm; S. 34; P. O. Russellville.
Hawley Edw. hardware store ; Poplar Grove.
Hazen Jos. farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Capron.
Head Marion, farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.

BOONE TOWNSHIP.

373

HEATH C. W. Farmer and Stock
Raiser; Sec. 27; P. O. Capron; was born
in New Jersey, March 31, 1824; came to
this Co. Oct. 12, 1845; owns 316 acres,
valued at $12,640; Mr. H. is one of the
oldest. settlers; has five children, Clara,
Lelia, Stanley, Ina, and William; has
been married twice ; first wife was Jane
Miller ; she was born in New York ; mar
ried Oct. 12, 1847; she died in March,
1854 ; he married again, to Cynthia Stev
enson, April 12, 1856; was Supervisor
four years, and held other town offices.
HELGESON OLE, Farmer; Sec. 10;/
P. O. Capron ; born in Norway, Nov. 3,
• 1821 ; came to this Co. in 1843, and is one
of the oldest settlers ; owns 60 acres, val
ued at $2,400; wife was Miss Christina
Olson; she was born in Norway; they
were married Jan. 26,  ; have six chil
dren, Cornelia, Maggie, Rossia, ^ertie,
Helga, and Bella ; lost one, Olena.™
HINMAN STEPHEN, Farmer; Sec.
21; P. O. Poplar Grove; was born in
Montgomery Co., N. Y., Aug. 16, 1799;
owns 110 acres, valued at $5,500, and is
one of the oldest settlers j has three chil
dren living ; lost four : Stephen, born Feb.
6, 1827, deceased ; Jerusha, Sept. 17, 1830,
deceased; David M., Nov. 19, 1834; Ro-
saltha, Oct. 19, 1838; Calfirna, June 30,
1840; Helen M., May 4, 1842, deceased;
John W., Nov. 10, 1845, deceased ; wife was
Phylinda Goodell ; she was born in Ontario
Co., N. Y., July 26, 1802; married Oct. 16,
1823 ; was Town Clerk, School Treasurer,
and School Trustee, a number of years.
Hinman D. farm ; S. 21 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Hermanson A. farm; Sec. 11; P.O. Capron. \
Hermanson Andrus, farm; S.ll ; P.O.Capron.
Hermanson H. farm ; Sec. 11 ; P.O. Capron. \
Hermanson I. farmer; Sec. 11; P.O. Capron.t
Hill Henry, farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P.O. Capron.
Hooper Benj. laborer; Capron.
Hopkins P. C. mechanic ; Capron.
Hoppersted J. O.farm; Sec. 12; P.O. Capron. I
Hovey E. farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P.O. Capron.
Houck E. S. farmer; Sec. 33; P.O. Bonus.
Hurley Geo. W. farmer; Sec. 2 ; P.O.Capron.
vHutchinson A. farhier; Sec. 25; P.O.Capron.
Hutchinson Arch, farm ; S. 25 ; P.O. Capron.
Hutchinson J. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P.O. Capron.

I

VERSON IVER.

IVERSON JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 21;
P. O. Capron ; born in Norway, June 8,
1833 ; left there the 12th of May, 1853, and
landed in Chicago ; came to this Co. in
March, 1854; owns 158 acres, valued at
$6,320 ; have five children, Julia A., Em-
bert, Irving, Nels A. and Bertie ; wife was
Miss Christie Nelson; she was born in

Norway, March 8, 1843 ; they were mar
ried May 21, 1861.
"Urvin G. farmer; Sec. 34; P.O.Poplar Grove.
JACKSON LEONE.
Johnson A. farmer; Sec. 15; P.O. Capron.
Johnson A. L. farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. O. Capron.
Johnson E. farmer; Sec. 2; P.O. Capron.
Johnson H. L. farmer; Sec. 12; P.ojbapron.*
Johnson H. farmer; Sec. 2; P.O. Cgipron.
Johnson L. farmer ; Sec. 12 ; P.O. Capron. V
Johnson O. E. farmer; Sec. 14; P.O.Capron. \
Johnson O. L. farmer ; Sec. 1 ; P.O. Capron.
Johnson Wm. O. farmer ; Sec.13 ; P.O.Capron.
Jury Hemy, laborer ; Capron.
, jy"ELLOGG J. E. Lumber Dealer
XV and Farmer; P. O. Capron; was born
in Renssalear Co., N. Y., Feb. 4, 1820 ; came
to this Co. in 1844 ; owns 225 acres, valued
at $10,115 ; have four children, George A.,
born Dec. 31, 1845 ; Ada, June 1, 1855 ;
Herbert E., Feb. 28, 1861 ; Kittie, April 3,
1877; wife was Miss A. J. Townsend; she
was born in the same Co. ; married Dec.
3, 1840.
KENDIG W. H. Miller; Capron; born
in Erie Co., Penn., Nov. 8, 1840; came to
this State in 1867, and to this Co. in 1875 ;
one daughter, Lizzie, born Jan. 20, 1871 ;
wife was Miss E. A. Crawford ; she was
born in Allegheny Co., N. Y., April 29,
1838 ; they were married March 3, 1860.
Kerr John, farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Capron.
Kimble Elias A. laborer; Capron.
KIMBLE JOHN, Farmer and Stock /
Raiser; Sec. 32; P. O. Russellville ;
born in Morris Co., N. J., May 11,
1821; came to this Co. in 1862; owns
159 acres, valued at $7,950; has ten
children living, lost one, Betsy J., Melvina,
Jacob, John, Susan, Wm., Anne, Corabell,
Margaret (deceased), Carrie and George ;
wife was Miss Caroline Bucher; she was
born in N. Y. ; they were married in 1844.
Kirk Geo. farmer; Sec. 3; P.O. Capron.
Knuteson C. laborer ; Capron.
Knuteson Neri, farmer ; Sec. 12 ; P.O.Capron.
JT AMB E. G. farmer; Sec. 33; P.O.Bonus.
',Lamb Pason, farmer; Sec. 33; P.O. Bonus.
Langhrehr Fred, farm ; Sec. 3 ; P.O. Bonua*
Lascelles John, mechanic ; Capron.
Lattimer S. R. laborer ; Capron. *
Lewis B. S. laborer; Capron.
Lines Austin.
Linderman A. farmer; Sec. 8; P.O.Capron.
Linderman G. W. mechanic ; Capron. •
Linderman John C. farmer ; Capron. '

374

BOONE COUNTY DIBECTOBY:

Linscott Wm. farmer and preacher ;. Sec. 3;
P. O. Capron.
Lloyd Wm. farmer; Sec. 13; P.O. Capron. \
LOING "WALTER, Farmer and Stock
Raiser; Sec. 35; P. O. Bonus; was born in
Allegheny Co , N. Y., Sept. 2, 1829 ; came
to this Co. in June, 1839 ; owns 170 acres,
valued at $8,500 ; is one of the oldest set
tiers in the Co. ; have one daughter, Eliza,
born May 3, 1860 ; wife was Miss Orpha
Curtis ; she was born in London, Canada,
April 10, 1830; they were married July 7,
1858 ; he was Town Commissioner a num
ber of years.
Loveless -Elijah, mechanic; Capron.
Loveless Nathan, laborer ; Capron.
McCLURE JAMES, farmer; Sec. 35; P.\
O. Capron.
McCluskey J. farmer; Sec. 9 ; P. O. Capron.
McCluskey R. farner; Sec. 9; P. O. Capron.
McINTYRE DONALD and PE
TER, Farmers and Stctek Raisers ; Sec.
6; P. O. Capron; Donald was born
in Scotland, Jan. 17, 1837; came to
the United States and to Winnebago
Co. in 1857 ; Peter was born in Scotland
in 1846, and came the year following;
they own 320 acres, valued at $16,000;
Donald not married ; Peter has one daugh
ter, Mary A., born May 10, 1876 ; wife was
Miss Mary Sillars; she was born in Scot
land in 1852 ; they were married Feb. 18,
1875.
Mclntyre P. farm ; Sec. 6 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
McQuaid Geo. railroad laborer; Capron.
Magill Wm. farm; S. 7; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Manley A. B. teacher ; Capron.
Mann James, Jr. laborer; Capron.
Mann James, farm; Sec. 4; P. O. Capron.
Maskey Ernest, farm; Sec. 9; P. O. Capron. \
Merrill Geo. H. painter ; Capron.
Merrill J. W. attorney at law ; Capron.
"NMilliken Chas. farm; Sec. 27; P. O. Capron.
Milliken Geo. farm ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Capron.
MILLIKEN JAMES S. Farmer;
Sec. 27; P. O. Capron; was born in
Cheshire Co., N. H., Oct. 9, 1816; owns
150 acres, valued at $6,000 ; came to the
State and to McHenry Co. in 1841, and to
this Co. in 1842, and is one of the oldest
settlers ; has five children, Arvila, George,
Vina, Parthena, and Orris ; wife was Miss
Rachel Mitchell ; sue was born in Fayette
Co., Penn., July 16, 1826 ; they were mar
ried Jan. 4, 1843 ; Mrs. M. came to this Co.
in 1837; he was Town Constable four
years.
Moore A. K. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Moore Green, farmer ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Moore John,!laborer ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Moore Thomas, farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.^

NELSON KNUTE, farmer; Sec. 15; P. \
O. Capron.
Nelson I. farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. O. Capron.
Nelson Nels K. farmer ; P. O. Capron.
^Nelson Ole, farmer; Sec. 3; P. O. Capron.
NESMITH M. S. Of the firm of Nes-
mith & Stevenson, Druggists, Capron ; born
in Henry Co., 111., May 28, 1843; came to
this Co. in 1869; has two children: Myrtle
A., born Jan. 8, 1871, George T., Oct. 25,
1872 ; wife was Miss Paulina, daughter of
George and Mary A. Steele ; she was born
in Erie, Whiteside Co., 111., Dec. 25, 1842;
they were married Oct. 5, 1869 ; he served
two years and one month in the late war,
in Co. B., 34th I.V.I., and in Co. G., 156th
I. V. I. ; is Town Clerk.
NICHOLS F.A.,M.D.,Physician and
Surgeon; Capron; was born in Erie Co.,
Penn., July 11, 1839; commenced the
stu^ of medicine with Dr. Green, of
Marengo; attended the medical depart
ment of the university of Penn. ; gradua
ted in 1861 ; was assistant surgeon in the
late rebellion, for three years ; commenced
practice in Capron in 1870, where he has
since been engaged; married Miss S.
Deette Hoyt, of Woodstock, McHenry Co.,
in Feb., 1867; they have one son, Dillon,
born in Dec, 1868.
Nichols John, farmer ; P. O. Capron.
Nichols W. W. laborer ; Capron.
Nutting S. lab; Sec. 8; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Nygard Ole, mechanic ; Capron.
OLESON ANDRUS T. farmer; Sec. 11-,
P. O. Capron.
Oleson Enan, laborer ; P. O. Capron.
Oleson Ole T. farmer; P. O. Capron.
OLSON THOR, Farmer; Sec. 21; P^
O. Capron ; born in Norway, Oct. 14, 1811 ;
owns 40 acres, valued at $2,000; left Nor
way May 3, 1843, and came to this Co. the
following spring, and was the first Nor
wegian that settled in the Co., and among
the first to emigrate from Norway; has
two sons, Ole T. and Stoner T. ; has been
married three times ; first wife was Rosa
T. Olson; she was born in Norway; she
died in this Co. in 1852 ; he married again
to Margie Olson ; she died in 1855 ; mar
ried again to Anne Olson, who is now liv
ing with him.
Onderdonk L. farm ; S.30 ; P.O.Poplar Grove. \
Osman C. A. trader ; Capron.
Ostrom A. D. farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Poplar
Grove.
Ostrom George, farm ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Ostrom G. farm ; Sec. 17 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Ostrom J. E. laborer ; Poplar Grove.
Ostrom Luther, laborer; Poplar Grove.
(PARSON SAMUEL, farmer; Sec. 25; P.
ST O. Capron.

BOONE TOWNSHIP.

375

Patten James, mechanic ; Poplar Grove.
Patten T. farm; S. 30; P. O. Poplar Grove.
v Phinney W. R. farm; Sec. 36; P. O. Bonus.
Pickard David, mechanic ; S.5 ; P.O.Capron.
Pollgreen Wm. pork buyer ; Capron.
Powell Horace, mechanic; Capron.
Powell Reuben, mechanic ; Capron.
RAE GEORGE, farmer; Sec. 20; P. oA
Poplar Grove.
Rae John, farm; S. 20; P. O. Poplar Grove.|
Reed Gerd, farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. O . Capron.
REID ANNE, Farmer; Sec. 6; P. 0.\
Capron ; born in the Co. of Armaugh, Ire
land, Jan. 6, 1830; widow of Thomas
Reid ; he was born in the same Co., Jan.
1, 1823 ; they were married Nov. 22, 1847 ;
he died Jan. 6, 1855 ; left a family of five
children, Maria E., James W., Sarah A.,
Robert B., and Thomas W. ; he left an es
tate of 120 acres, which has been .divided,
leaving Mrs. R. 40 acres, valued at $1,800.
Reid James, farmer; Sec. 6; P. O. Capron..
Reynolds Henry.
Ridge George, laborer; Capron.
Ridge Robert, merchant; Capron.
Robbins G. F. laborer ; Capron.
Robbins J. H. farm; Sec. 27; P. O. Capron.l
\Robinson J. farm ; S. 6 ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Rolansen John, laborer ; Capron.
Rowe James, restaurant ; Capron.
Rollingson Ole, farm; Sec. 12; P.O. Capron. \
SANDS CLARENCE, farmer; Sec. 27;
P. O. Capron.
Sands Elling, farm ; Sec. 1 ; P. O. Capron. I
I SANDS GEO. Farmer, Stock and
Dairyman; Sec. 27; P.O.Capron; born
in Delaware Co., N. Y., Oct. 7, 1818; came
to this Co. in 1839 ; owns 206% acres, val
ued at $10,300; Mr. S. is one ofthe oldest
settlers in the Co. ; wife was Miss Betsy,
daughter of Obadiah Sands, the first set
tier of Bonus township; he settled in Oct.,
1836; she was born in Delaware Co., N.
Y., April 2, 1826 ; they were married Jan.
18, 1844; have three sons, George H.,
Clarence O., and Edward F., Mr. S. has
one of the best improved places in the Co.
SANDS WM. Farmer and Stock Rais
er ; Sec. 3 ; P. O. Capron ; was born in For
farshire, Scotland, Jan. 22, 1828 ; left there
and came to the U. S. and to Cook Co.,
111., in 1851 ; owns 160 acres land, valued
at $8,800 ; has two sons and three daugh
ters : Wm., Nellie, Jennie, Rudolph, and
Mary; wife was Miss Helen Milne; she
was born in the same Co., Feb. 28, 1834 ;
they were married April 7, 1860 ; has been
School Director about fourteen years,
Scott Francis, farmer; Sec. 22; P.O. Capron. J
Scott Jobn, farmer; See, 37; P. 0. Capron.

NSCOUGALL LAUGHLIN, Farm-
, er and Stock Raiser; Sec. 28; P. O. Poplar
Grove; born in Scotland, Jan. 26, 1838;
owns 115 acres, valued at $5,750; left there
and came to the U. S. in 1850, and to this
Co. in 1852 ; have eight children : George,
Belle, Frank, Clara, Ella, Frederick, Kate
and Hattie ; has been married twice ; first
wife was Miss Mary Anne Cornwell ; she
was born in Canada ; married in 1857 ; she
died in 1868 ; married again to Nancy Jane
Wagner ; she was born in 1839, and mar
ried in 1869 : is School Director, and has ?
been for twelve years.
\ Shackell T.W.farm ; S.19 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Shackell Thos.farm ; S.19 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Shackell Wm. farm ; S.19 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Shannon Geo. farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P.O. Capron.
Shannon M. A. laborer ; Capron.
Skeel H. F. clerk ; Capron.
Skeel Rockwell, laborer ; Capron.
Smith Geo. farmer; Sec. 5; P. O. Capron.
STEVENSON EDWARD Was
born in Baltimore, Md., Feb. 8, 1795;
\ Sarah Watson, his wife, was born in Bur
lington, N. J., Oct. 9, 1803; they were
married in Warren Co., O., Nov. 4, 1819;
moved to this Co., Boone township, in the
spring of 1837 ; in the fall of the same
year they bought 160 acres of government
land, in Sec. 24, where they now live ; they -
have eight children, all married and liv
ing close by, except one son in Iowa.
STEVENSON H. B. Attorney at
Law and Druggist; Capron; born in Mc
Henry Co., May 6, 1850 ; came to this Co.
in 1875 ; not married ; studied law at the
Union Law College at Chicago, and re
ceived his diploma in June, 1875; was
admitted to the bar and commenced prac
tice the same year at Capron ; he is also
the junior partner of the firm of Nesmith
& Stevenson, druggists ; has his office in
Capron, and is prepared to practice in all
Courts.
STEVENSON JAMES, Farmer; \
Sec. 3 ; P. O. Capron ; born in Delaware
Co., Penn., Dec. 22, 1839 ; owns 80 acres,
valued at $2,800 ; came to the State with
his parents when very young, and went to
McHenry Co. ; came to this Co. in 1866 ;
has four children: Lillie Bell, born March
7, 1870; Jennie L., July 3, 1873; Mary M.,
Oct. 11, 1874; Annie L., March 25, 1877;
wife was Miss Belle Nelson, born in Pitts
burgh, Sept. 8, 1845; married May 31,
1866; he served three years in the late
war, in Co. E., 95th I. "V I.
Stevenson O. farmer; Sec. 24; P.O. Capron. ^
Stevenson S. L. speculator; Capron.
STEVENSON SILAS R. Farmer
. iand Stock Raiser; Sec. 24; P. O. Capron;
>¦ torn in Warren Co., Ohio, Jan. 31, 1821 ;
,came to this ffo. May 6, 1837 ; owns 200
.-acres, valued at ^10,000) Mr, S. is one of

376

BOONE COUNTY DIEEOTOBY:

the very oldest settlers ; he married Miss -
Eliza J. Penwell ; she was born in Foun
tain Co., Ind., Sept. 11, 1825 » have three
sons and three daughters : Sanford, lives
in California; Orlando, Harriet, Lilian,
Almond and Delphia M. ; he has served as
Road Commissioner, School Trustee, and
County Superintendent of the Poor.
STEVENSON "WM. R. Farmer; Sec.\
24; P. O. Capron; born in Boone Tp.,
Boone Co., Nov. 28, 1841 ; owns 86 acres,
valued at $4,300; Mr. S. was about the
*¦ first white child born in the Co. ; his father
came to the Co. in May, 1837, and was one
of the first settlers; wife was Miss Emma
J. Whipple ; she was born in McHenry
Co.; have one son; Mr. S. served over
three years in the late Rebellion, in Co. B.,
95th I. V. I., and Teceived five different
wounds.
Stimes Ole, farmer ; Sec. 15 ; P. O. Capron.
Stow H. H. clerk ; Capron.
Stow Hiram, farmer; P. O. Capron.
Stow Jas. H. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Bonus.V
Stockwell David, laborer; Capron.
Streeter Alonzo, mechanic ; Capron.
Streeter Wm. laborer; Capron.
Stuff G. L. S. clergyman ; Poplar Grove.
THOMPSON CHAS. farmer; Sec. 11; P.
O. Capron.
Thompson Eric, fanner ; Sec.4 ; P.O. Capron.
Thompson Ole, miller; Sec. 5; P.O. Capron.
Thornton A. butcher ; Capron.
Thornton T. R. meat market ; Capron.
v Tolverson Stall, farmer; Sec.4; P.O.Capron.
Torgson Torgs, farmer; Sec. 1 ; P.O. Capron.
TRIPP G. I. Merchant; Capron; born
in Boone Co., Nov. 12, 1840 ; has one son,
Everet H., born June 13,1867; wife was
Miss E. J. Stowe ; she was born in Boone
Co. in 1840 ; they were married in Sept.,
1868; he served three years and nine
months in the late war ; was Sergeant two
years in Co. I, 37th I. V. I., and then was
promoted to First Lieutenant in the 92d
Regt. Colored Volunteers.
VANALSTINE NEWELL, lives in Cal
edonia ; P. O. Capron.
>, Vance Thos. farmer; Sec. 23; P. O. Capron.
Vickers Robt. blacksmith ; Poplar Grove.
WAGENER ISAAC, farmer; Sec. 29;'
P. O. Poplar Grove.
"WAGNER DAVID, Retired Farm-\
er ; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Poplar Grove ; born in
Maryland, forty miles from Baltimore,
April 9, 1804 ; came to this Co. in 1855 ;
owns 30 acres, valued at $1,200 ; has three ',
sons and one daughter, William, Isaac, I
Richard and Nancy Jane ; wife was Han- '
nah Gurnea ; born in N. Y., Aug. 9, 1808 ;
they were married, June 3, 1830.

Wagener R. farm; S. 19; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Wagener Wm. farmer; Sec. 34; P.O. Capron. i
Waren Geo. laborer; Capron.
Wares Andrew, mechanic ; Capron.
Wares A. F. farmer ; P. O. Capron.
Warn Stephen, retired; 107y'rs old; Capron.
Webster W. H. merchant; Poplar Grove.
Wellbay J. farm; S. 29; P. O. Poplar Grove.
WHEELER MRS. ELIZA E.
Farmer ; Sec.19 ;P.O.Poplar Grove ; born in
Addison, Vt., Feb. 19, 1819; owns 300
acres, valued at $15,000 ; widow of Obe-
diah, who was born in Erie Co., N. Y.,
May 9, 1820; left there and came to this
Co. in 1844, and was one of the oldest
settlers; tbey were married in 1840; he
died Aug. 8, 1876 ; left four sons and one
daughter, and lost one daughter; Mrs.
Wheeler's maiden name was Wolcott.
Wheeler Thomas, Jr., farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. '
Poplar Grove.
Wheeler Thomas, farmer; Sec. 30; P. 0.\
Poplar Grove.
Wheeler W. farm ; Sec.19 ; P.O.Poplar Grove. \
White O. S. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Capron. \
Wicks D. W. farm ; S. 29 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Wilcox George J: peddler; Capron.
\W1LLARD H. R. Farmer and Stock
Raiser; P. O. Bonus; Sec. 36; was horn
in Ulster Co., N. Y., Feb. 17, 1823; came
to this Co. in 1844 ; owns 240 acres, valued
at $9,600; Mr. W. is one ofthe oldest
settlers; has been Supervisor four terms;
have seven children living and lost two ;
wife was Miss C. M. Morse, born in Cort
land Co., N. Y., Oct. 3, 1829; they were
married Nov. 13, 1847'; he is Township
Trustee.
( Willet S. farmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Williams W. G. hotel keeper; Capron.
v Wolfram H. farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Capron.
Wood P. J. physician ; Capron.
Woodward A. O. merchant; Poplar Grove.
Woodward A. S. merchant; Poplar Grove.
Woodward M. F. merchant; Poplar Grove.
Wooster John W. laborer; Capron.
Wooster N. H., Jr., farmer; P. O. Capron.
WOOSTER N. H. Justice of the
Peace; Capron; was born in Oxford, New
Haven Co., Conn., Dec. 25, 1821; came to
this Co. in 1840, and is one of the oldest
settlers; have three sons and three
daughters, Laura E., married John L.
Conley ; Mary J., married John H. Lan
don; George J., John W., W. H., Jr., and
Minnie : wife was Miss Abigail A. Hovey ;
she was born in N. H., on May 30, 1826;
they were manied Oct. 4, 1844; has been
Justice sixteen years; served eight months
in the late rebellion, in Co, C, 137th
I. V. I.

BOONE TOWNSHIP.

377

WORTHINGTON GEO.W. Farm
er; Sec. 30; P. O. Poplar Grove; born in
DuPage Co., 111., June 12, 1843; owns 176
acres, valued at $5,280; came to this
Co. with his parents the following March,
and is one of the oldest settlers ; he served
three years in the late rebellion,4n Co. B,
15th I. V. I. ; has three children, Mary E.,
Alvira and Wm. A. ; wife was Miss Lizzie
Van Valkenburg; she was born in Colum
bia Co., N. Y., March 26, 1847; they were
married March 17, 1870,

Wright Henry.
YATES A. E. Hardware Merchant;
Capron ; born in Bonus Tp., this Co.,
Jan. 1, 1851 ; have no children ; wife was
Miss Alice Tripp; she was born in the
same Tp. ; married March 31, 1876 ; value
of estate, $3,000.
Young Babtist, laborer; Sec. 15 ; P.O.Capron.
Younges J. G. farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. Capron.
Youngs Robert, laborer ; Capron.

fa

m
•jfr

ii^«

i

378

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY:

BONUS TOWNSHIP.

ANDERSON E. Sec. 3; P. O. Garden
Prairie.
Andrews Adelbert, farmer; Sec. 11; P.O.
Garden Prairie.
Andrews Asel, farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
Andrews Ansel, farm; P.O. Belvidere.
Andrews Frank, farmer ; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Gar
den Prairie.
Andrews J. H. farm; S. 11; P. O. Relvidere.
Andrews Melvin, farmer ; P. O. Belvidere. '
ANDREWS WARREN, Farmer;
Sec. 11 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in N. Y.,
1824; came to this Co. 1850; owns 270
acres land ; has held office of School Di
rector; married Louisa Keeler in Feb.,
1847 ; she was born in N. Y. ; have five
children, Adelia, Adelbert, Ellen, Alda J.
and Frank.
Andrus D. R. farm ; Sec. 8 ; P. O. Belvidere.
Atwood N. P., P. O. Belvidere.
.AVERY MYRON K. Farmer; Sec!
11; P.O Garden Prairie ; born in Penn.,
Aug. 20, 1834; came to this Co. July 9,
1838; owns 280 acres land; has held offices
of Supervisor, School Trastee, and was
member of the 29th General Assembly of
the State of Illinois; married Miss Abigail
M. Tougue in 1854; have six children,
Cyrus H., Florence L., Stella E., Clara I.,
Myron A. and Mabel E.
BANE W. C. retired; P. O. Garden
Prairie.
RAILEY THEODORE, Farmer;
Sec. 9; P.O. Belvidere; born in N. Y.,
1845; came to this Co. 1854; owns 130
acres land; married Miss E. Powers in
1868; she was born in N. Y. ; have three
children, Carrie, Fred and Frankie.
Barber H. H. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Barmore H. H. farmer: P. O. Belvidere.
BARTON FRED L., Farmer; Sec.16;-'
P. O. Belvidere ; born in N. Y., Sept. 17,
1855 ; came to this Co. in 1869 ; owns 40
acres land.
Bassett P. farm; S. 2; P. O. Garden Prairie..
BENNETT GEO. W. Wagon Maker ;
Garden Prairie ; born in N. Y., 1853 ; came
to this Co. in 1856 ; married Miss Hattie
Baxter in 1876 ; she was born in Boone Co.
BICKNELL B. R. Farmer; Sec. 9;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Maine, 1817;
came to this Co. 1865; owns 120 acres;
married Miss Rebecca Hawes in 1855, who
was born in Maine; have two children,
Fred J. and R. Cena.
Bills J. W. farm ; 8. 23 ; P.O. Garden Prairie.
BILLS O. Farmer; Sec. 23; P. O. Gar
den Prairie; born in Tioga Co,, N, Y,,

Sept. 26, 1825 ; came to this Co. 1844; owns
160 acres land ; married Miss M. Winegar
in 1854 ; she was born in N. Y. ; has held
office of School Director; have nine chil
dren, James, Charles, Frank, Lillie, Fred,
Ettie, Belle, May and George.
"Bogardus H. B. farmer; Sec. 5; P.O. Bonus.
• Bogardus I. R. farm; S. 14;; P.O. Belvidere.
Boomer B. F. farmer; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Bounds A. J., P. O. Belvidere.
¦BOYCE HUGH, Farmer; Sec. 22; P.
O. Belvidere; bornin Vermont in 1800;
came to this Co. in 1852; owns 120 acres;
wife was Maria Post, born in N. Y. ; have
five children.
Brady Joseph.
Brown N. B., P. O. Belvidere.. '
•Brown T. J. farmer; Sec. 20; P.O.Belvidere.
Brownell A. farm ; S. i 6 iP.O. Garden Prairie.
Brush C. farm ; S. 12 ; P. O. Ga/den Prairie. -
Brush Frank, farmer; P. O. Garden Prairie. ,
Brush Geo. farmer: P. O. Garden Prairfe.
Brush I. R. farm ;^. 12; P.O.Garden Prairie. ¦
Buell Wilmot, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Burton Daniel, P. O. Garden Prairie.
•Burton H. iarm; S. 23; P.O. Garden Prairie.
Burton N. Y. teamstsr;P.O. Garden Prairie.
BURTON THOMAS, Farmer; Sec.
27 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in Ireland, in
1827 ; came to this Co. in 1857 ; owns 133
acres ; married Miss M. Walker, in 1855 ;
she was born in Ireland; have six chil
dren, Lizzie, George, Walker, Sarah, John,
and Mary; lost two.
CAMP BENJAMIN, farmer; Sec. 2; P.
O. Bonus.
Camp Chester, Jr., farm ; S. 2 ; P. O. Bonus.
Camp James, farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. O. Bonus.
Carpenter Jos. farm; Sec. 28; P.O.Belvidere. •>
Cleveland E. A. farm; Sec". 4; P. O. Bonus. '
Cleveland Henry, farm ; Sec. 4 ; P. O. Bonus.
Collar J. S. farmer; P. O. Bonus.
Collar J. V.; P. O. Bonus.
CONGER ENOCH, Farmer; Sec. 31; •
P. O. Belvidere ; born in New York, in
1834; came to this Co. in 18G6; owns 75
acres; married Miss Eleanor F. Martin,
in 1857, who was born in New York.
Conger F; P. P. O. Belvidere.
Cook Almond, farm ; P. O. Garden Prairie. •
.Cook E. A. farm; S. 12; P.O.Garden Prairie.
Cook Egbert, farmer; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Cramer Lewis.
Crane H. P. farm ; S. 1 ; P.O, Garden Prairie.

BONUS TOWNSHIP.

379

1 Crawford And., Sr., Sec. 31 ; P. O. Belvidere.
, Crawford And., Jr.,farm ; S.33 ; P.O.Belvidere.
Crawford James, farm ; P. O. Belvidere.
Cronk Abram, farmer ; P. O. Bonus.
Cronk Festus, farm; Sec. 22; P.O.Belvidere.
Cronk Geo. farm ; Sec. 22 ; P. O. Belvidere.
Culbertson A. J. farm ; P. O. Garden Prairie.

AVEY G. railroad employe; E. O. Gar
den Prairie.

D

DECKER LEWIS, Farmer ; Sec. 3 ;
P. 0. Bonus ; bom in New York, in 1826 ;
came to this Co. in 1851 ; owns 105 acres ;
married Miss Betsy Williams, in 1848;
she was born in Penn. ; have one child,
Lewey.
Doran Patrick, Sec. 10 ; P. O. Belvidere. »
Drake C. B. farm; Sec. 22; P. O. Belvidere.
Drake C. E. farm ; Sec. 28 ; P. O. Belvidere. ,
Drake L. A. farmer; Sec. 3; P. O. Belvidere. .
Dreelan Andrew, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
ENGLEBRECHT A. P. O. Garden Prai
rie.
FASSETT (A. C.) & ROSE-
KRANS (J. D.) Merchants, Gar
den Prairie ; the former was born in New
York, and came to this Co. in 1876 ; mar
ried Miss A. Hopkins, in .1866 ; she was
born in New York; have one son, Willie;
the latter was born in New York, and
came to this Co. in 1856 ; married Miss H.
A. Simpkins, in 1866 ; she was born in
McHenry Co. ; have four children.
FEELEY ABIGAIL C. Wife of
Thomas Feeley; Sec. 23; P. O. Garden
Prairie; born in Oxford Co., Maine, in
1816 ; came to this Co. in 1856 ; owns 140
acres of land; she married Tilden Jones,
in 1840 ; he was born in Maine, and died
in March, 1875 ; married C. Feeley in 1876.
Feeley C. Sec. 33 ; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Flemming John, farm ; S. 22 ; P.O.Belvidere.*
Flood George, P. O. Belvidere.
Fox H. E. farm; S. 34; P.O.Garden Prairie. »
Fox S. C. farm; 8. 34; P.O. Garden Prairie.
Franz J. farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Belvidere.
GARDNER ALFRED, farmer; P. O..
Bonus.
HALL JOHN S. farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.
Belvidere.
-.HALE A. D. Farmer; Sec. 6; P. O.
Belvidere ; born in Delaware Co., N. Y.,
June 22, 1831 ; came to Boone Co. in Oct.,
1836, and has lived here 41 years ; only
very few (four or five) now living that were
here then ; there were plenty of Indians ;
he learned the Indian language playing
with them, and still understands it; he
used to cart grain to Chicago, and has sold
bis wheat there at from 50 cents to $1 per

bushel ; he married Mary Hull, of Putnam
Co., N. Y., in Dec, 1855 ; they have five
children, John P., Ada O, F^gik D.,
Meeker O., Freddie; lost one daughter,
Abbie A. Oliver Hale, father of A. D.
Hale, was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., in
1799 ; came to Boone Co. 1836 ; was one of
the earliest settlers ; the nearest neighbor
or house north of him was at Geneva
Lake, 31 miles distant ; he and his wife
used to visit there, going with ox team ;
used to go to Ottawa, 80 miles, to mill; at
one time he got in a slongh with a load of
potatoes and had to take off his overcoat
and carry all of the potatoes in the coat to
hard ground, then took his wagon apart
and carried that out one part at a time; he
married Susanna Bradt, Feb. 26, 1826 ; she
was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Jan. 9,
1802; they have lived together over 51
years ; have two children, A. D. Hale, Mrs.
Cassie Lambert; lost five.
Harrell John A.
¦HASKINS ALONZO, Farmer; Sec.
3; P. O. Bonus; bornin N. Y., 1813; came
to this Co. 1861; owns 123 acres land;
married Miss Lovina McKinney, Sept. 10,
1835 ; she was born in N. Y. ; have four
children, Theresa M., Lydia L., Edgar D.
and Mary J.
Havens Harrison, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
•Hawes B. farmer; Sec. 21; P. O. Belvidere.
Heaton S. S., P. O. Belvidere.
Heaton T. farmer; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Hendrickson John, railroad man ; P. O. Gar
den Prairie.
Hendrickson Wm. railroad laborer ; P. O.
Garden Prairie.
•HerbertjB. farmer; Sec. 17; P.O.Belvidere.
Herbert John H., P. O. Belvidere.
¦Herbert Wm. R. farm; S. 17; P.O.Belvidere.
(Herrinton A. farmer; Sec. 8; P. O* Belvidere.
Herrinton C. farmer; Sec. 8; P.O. Belvidere.
Herrinton J. farmer-; Sec. 8 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Hollenbeck A., P. O. Garden Prairie.
Hoppen G. farm ; 8. 1 ; P.O. Garden Prairie.
'Hoppen R. farm ; S. 1 ; P.O. Garden Prairie.
Howard E. farmer ; Sec. 21 ; P. O. Belvidere.
-iHuber J. farmer; Sec. 28; P.O. Belvidere.
.Hull J. D. farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.Belvidere.
Huntington F. A. farm hand ; P.O. Belvidere. *
•HYDE F. D. Farmer; Sec. 25; P. O.
Garden Prairie; born in Chautauqua Co.,
N. Y., 1839 ; came to this Co. in 1844 ; owns
171 acres land ; has held office of School
Director ; married Miss Mary A. Bennett
in 1859 ; she was born iu N. Y. ; have five
children, Marietta, Byron F., Mertie A.,
Bertie A. and Lucia P.
Hyde J. A. farm ; S. 35 ; P.O. Garden Prairie.
HYDE MRS. PARMELIA, Wid- *
ow ; Sec. 35 ; P.O; Garden Prairie ; born in

380

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOEY:

Essex Co., N. Y. ; she married O. Hyde,
July42, 1837; he was born in Erie Co., N.
Y., j|By 28, 1819, and died Aug. 28, 1871 ;
has six children, Fletcher D., Deette,
William, Alice, Julius A. and Lucia; lost
three.
Hyde Wm. farm ; S. 35 ; P.O.Garden Prairie.
.TACKSON CHARLES D. Miller;
J P. O. Garden Prairie; born in Miss.,
Oct 7, 1810 ; came to this Co. id 1838 ; he
has shaken hands_ with LaFayette; has
held office of School Director; he owns
161% acres land, and is associated with
Mr. Brown in the milling business ; they
are proprietors of the Garden Prairie
Mills, and own jointly 76 acres of land;
he married Miss Mary A. Stowe in 1844;
she was born in N. Y. ; have two children,
Nathan and Lucy.
JACKSON NATHAN D. Farmer;
Sec. 1; P. O. Garden Prairie ; rents of his
father ; he was born on this farm in 1845.
Johnson Charles, P. O. Belvidere.
Johnson J. F.

K

EELER ENNIS, farmer; P.O.Belvi
dere.
KEELER MILTON E. P. O. Bel
videre ; born in Cortland Co., N. Y., Oct.
4, 1833 ; lived in that State eighteen years,
and came to Belvidere in 1851, and has
lived in this Co. twenty-six years ; he owns
Cheese Factory, and is engaged in manu
facturing Cheese at this place; was in the
army, in 95th Regt. I. V. I., and was in
siege of Vicksburg and in a number of
engagements ; married Louisa Owens, of
Canandaigua, Ontario Co., N. Y., Jan. 3,
1853 ; have eight children, four sons and
four daughters; George H., Charles M.,
Willie £., Frank H., May, Helen, Grace,
and Emma C.
-KEELER WM. Farmer; Sec. 18; P.
O. Belvidere; born in N. Y., in 1829; came
to this Co. in 1849 ; owns 260 acres ; has
held offices of Assessor, School Director
and Highway Commissioner; he married
Miss Viola Stockwell in 1852, who was
born in N. Y. ; has three children, Ennis,
Nettie and Fronie, and also an adopted
son, a nephew, Freddie; lost one son,
Charlie.
Kellogg G. A. farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P. O. Capron.
•KELLY THOS. Farmer ; Sec. 16 ; P.
O. Belvidere; born in Ireland, in 1836;
came lo this country in 1847 ; lived in Cbl-
erado about twelve years, and came to this
Co. in 1875 ; owns 160 acres ; he married
Mary A. Keys, in 1863 ; she was born in
Ireland; has five children, Catherine,
Thomas F., Robert E., Lilla May, Maggie,
lost one son, John A.
* KIPP A. Farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Bonus;
born in N. Y., in 1825 ; came to this Co. in
1856 ; owns 120 acres ; has held office of

School Director ; married Miss C. Hill, in
1852 ; she was born in N. Y. ; have three
children, Ida R., Carrie E., and Amie A.
Konika Philip, P. O. Garden Prairie.
.T AMPERT FREDERICK, farmer; Sec.
JLt 29; P. O. Belvidere.
Lampert W. farmer; Sec. 29; P.O. Belvidere.
Lanning Frank, farmer; P.O. Belvidere.
Lanning J. M. farm ; Sec. 31 ; P.O. Belvidere. >
•Lawrence E. C. farm ; S. 28 ; P.O. Belvidere. ,
LAWRENCE FRANKLIN,
(Deceased); Farmer; Sec. 32; was born
in Groton, Mass., in 1814; came to this
Co. in 1839, and was one of the earliest
settlers; married Miss Anna Blood, in
1837, who was born in Mass. ; he died in
1877, leaving his wife and five children,
Andrew J., Charles H., Luther, Frances
A., and Maiy C, still surviving.
•Lawrence L- farm; Sec. 32; P. O. Belvidere.
LAWRENCE JOHN, (Deceased)
Was born in Ashby, Middlesex Co.,Mass.,
March 8, 1788 ; removed with parents to
Onondaga Co., N. Y., 1802 ; on his nine
teenth birthday was married to Miss
Lydia Sweet; they soon removed to Che
nango Co., which was then a wilderness;
came to Bonus, Boone Co., 111., in 1837 ;
on dividing the county into precincts,
he was elected the first Justice of the
Peace, which office he held for nine
teen consecutive years, when he was
obliged to resign on account of deaf
ness; in 1855, being 67 years of age, he
took the state census for Boone Co., alone,
on foot ; he has always been active as a
religious man, having been baptized into
the Baptist church in 1816; he had eleven
children; ten grew to maturity, nine still
living ; his wife died in Oct., 1873 ; he
died Nov. 20, 1876, aged nearly 89 years;
they had lived together, as husband and
wife, hearly 67 years.
LAWRENCE LUTHER W.
Judge of County Court; born in Che
nango Co., N. Y., April IH, 1808; lived
in that State twenty-eight years, and came
to this Co. ih 1836, and has lived here
forty-one years ; for twenty-five years he
was an itinerant preacher in the Baptist
Church, and knew every man within
twenty miles of Belvidere ; he was elected
Judge of Boone Co. in 1865 ; held the office
twelve years ; he has represented this dis
trict in the State Legislature three terms;
was a member ot Constitutional Conven
tion in 1862; held office of Superintendent
of Schools of this Co. ; married Miss El
vira Chamberlain, Jan. 22, 1829 ; she was
from Cazenovia, Madison Co., N. Y.; six
children, three sons and three daughters,
Alonzo D., Edwin L., Haniet E. Sturte
vant, Sarah Wyckoff, Esther M., Luther C.
' Lincoln J. E. farm ; Sec. 30 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Love M,

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CALEDONIA TR
Sonus township.

333

Loveridge Jas. farmer; Sec. 22; P.O. Garden »
Prairie.
Lyons G.S. farm ; S.35 ; P.O. Garden Prairie.
McCABE WM. D. farmer; Sec. 1; P. O.
Garden Prairie.
McCane Jas. farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P.O. Belvidere. .
McCay Jas. miller; Sec. 8; P. O. Belvidere..
McClaron Jas. farmer ; P. O. Bonus. •
McDougall L. S. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. O. Gar
den Prairie.
McLane Jas., Sr., farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
f-McMasterD. W. farm; S.29; P.O.Belvidere.
MABIE AARON, Farmer; Sec. 8;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Delaware Co., N.
Y., 1807; came to this Co. in 1842; owns
120 acres of land ; has held office of School
Director ; married Miss Amy Turneaure,
in 1828 ; she was born in N. Y. ; has six
children, Charles, Lydia, Edward, Ira,
Jacob and Julia ; his son, Jacob Mabie,
enlisted in the Elgin Battery, in the late
war, and served until discharged on ac
count of disease contracted in the army.
MABIE D. Farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. •
elv idere ; born in Delaware Co., N. Y., in
1816; came to this Co. in 1843; owns 66
acres of land ; has held office of Super
visor; married E. F. Veness, June 9, 1869 ;
she was born in England ; have three chil
dren, Henry C, Fannie E., and Nellie.
Mabie Jacob,farmer; Sec.9; P.O. Belvidere.
Markey E.
Marvin R. V. P. O. Garden Prairie. *
•Meehan J. farmer; Sec. 20; P.O. Belvidere. •
t Mersereau 8.M. farm ; Sec.19 ; P.O.Belvidere.
MILLER ALFRED J. Farmer;
Sec.9; P.O. Bonus; born in Penn., 1837 ;
came to this Co. in 1841; owns 90 acres;
married Mrs. Arietta Stevens, in 1869; she
was born in Vt.; has one child by former
marriage, Elmer A.
MILLER I. D. Farmer and Miller;
Sec. 10; P. O. Belvidere; born in Penn.,
1828 ; came to this Co. in 1842 ; owns 170
acres land; he is associated with McKay
in the milling business and proprietors of
Little Thunder Mill, built in 1852; he
married Caroline Akin, in 1852; she was
born in Penn. ; has three daughters, Lilla,
Ida and Nellie.
•»MOAN DENNIS, Farmer: Sec. 3;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Ireland, in 1824;
came to this Co. in 1852; owns 204 acres;
he married Miss Margaret Ryan, in 1854;
she was born in Ireland ; has five Chil
dren : John, Katie E.', Dennis, Francis D.,
and James ; lost one daughter, Margaret.
• Moan Jas. farmer; Sec. 10; P.O. Belvidere.
Moan John, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Morey Myron, P. O. Garden Prairie.
-"Morgan R. W. farmer; Sec. 5; P. O. Bonus.

Morris Henry, farmer; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Morris Robt. farmer; P. O. Garden' Prairie.
Moss A.
Munger E. farmer;1 Sec. 29; P. O. Belvidere. *

N

EWELL G. W. lumber dealer;
Garden Prairie.

P.O.

NEWMAN JAS. A. Farmer; Sec.
10; P. O. Belvidere; born in N. Y., April
24, 1824; came to this Co. in 1869; owns
3u0 acres land; lived fourteen years in
Kenosha Co., Wis., and two years in Lake
Co., 111., previous to his removal to this
Co. ; he married Betsey Andrews, in 1846 ;
she was born in N. Y., and died June 10, .
1850 ; his second wife was, Sarah A. Cook,
who was born in N. Y. ; has two children
by first marriage, Jas. L. and John A.;
one daughter by second marriage,NellieL.
•NICHOLS O. S. Farmer; Sec. 23;
P. O. Garden Prairie ; born in N. Y., in
1830 ; came to this Co. in 1859 ; owns 200
acres; holds office of School Director, and
is serving his fourth term as Supervisor;
he married Miss Emma Koon, in 1859;
has two children, Nellie and Eugene.
Nutt H. S. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.

o

RR R. F. P- O. Belvidere.

.-0ANGBORN JAS. renter; P. O. Belvi-
JL dere.
Parle John, Sr. R. R. hand; Garden Prairie
Parle John, Jr. P. O. Garden Prairie.
PAYNE D. R. Retired; Sec. 24; P. O.
Garden Prairie; born in N. Y., June 20,
1798 ; came to this Co. May 14, 1856 ; he
married Miss Mahala Sweet, in Jan.,
1823 ; she was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y.,
Oct. 8, 1799 ; have five children : Festus,
Minerva, Jira, Dodge, Hemes; lost three
children.
'Pease Calvin, farmer; Sec. 1; P. O. Garden «
Prairie.
Pervorse John, P. O. Garden Prairie.
PETTIS THOS. T. Retired; Sec. 2; •
P. O. Garden Prairie ; born in N. Y., Jan.
10,1809; came to this Co. in 1838; owns
24 acres land; in 1830 he removed to
Michigan, and lived there seven years;
while there, was Justice of the Peace and
Collector three years, and assisted in tak
ing the census of Michigan previous to
its admission in the Union as a State.
Pier H. W. farmer; Sec. 23; P. O. Belvidere.
Polk Wm.
.PORTER HENRY, Farmer; Sec.24;
P.O. Garden Prairie; born in England,
1828; came to this Co. in 1838; owns 26
acres land ; has held offices of School Di
rector and Supervisor; married Miss
Anna E. Roper, in 1858; she was born in
England ; have three children : Frank H..
Fred. W. and Thos. W.

384

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY:

PORTER JAS. W. Farmer; Sec. 25;
P. O. Garden Prairie ; born in Buffalo, N.
Y., 1838; came to this Co. in 1838; owns
320 acres ; married Miss Martha J. Keith,
in 1863 ; she was born in Vt. ; have four
children : Walter W., Lottie E., Clark A.
andXaura A.
Porter Robt. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. O. Garden
Prairie.
Powers C. C. farm ; Sec. 31 ; P. O. Belvidere.
Price W. L. P. O. Belvidere.
Pritchard C. H. P. O. Belvidere.
Pritchard W. W. P. O. Belvidere.
PRYOR ROGER, Farmer; Sec. 21;'
P. O. Belvidere; born in Ireland, in 1827;
came to this Co. in 1853 ; owns 80 acres of
land; married Lizzie Burchell, in 1869;
she was born in Ireland ; have four chil
dren, Mary Ellen, Maggie, Annie, and
Thomas.

R

ANDALL A. F. P. O. Garden Prairie.

Randall D. S. P. O. Garden Prairie.
RANDALL J. W. F. Garden Prai
rie; Dealer in Diy Goods, Groceries,
Boots and Shoes, Notions, Hardware, and
Agricultural Implements; was born in
New York, April 6, 1835; came to this
Co. in 1842 ; married Miss C. O. Suther
land, who was born in Edgar Co., 111. ;
have four children, Carlos B., Ida B.,
Mary S., and Aaron F., 3d.
Rhapstack C. R. R. hand; P.O.Garden
Prairie.
Rhodes I. shoemaker; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Roderick J. blacksmith ; P.O.Garden Prairie.
**^oper J. J. farm; S.24; P.O.Garden Prairie.
ROPER SION, Retired Farmer; Sec*
24; P. O. Garden Prairie; born in Eng
land, in 1809; came to this Co. in 1854;
owns 80 acres of land ; married Miss Mary
C. Clark, in 1832; she was born in Eng
land ; have eight children, Julia M., Hor
ace H., Anna E., John J., Spencer I.,
Elizabeth L., Fannie, and Rosa J. ; lost
one son, Edwin.
Rosekrans J. D. merchant; P. O. Garden
Prairie.
' Rosekrans J. O. farm ; Sec. 34; P. O. Garden »
Prairie.
Rulison Frank, farm ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. Bonus.
Rulison Geo. farmer; Sec. 3; P. O. Bonus. •
"RULISON RALPH, Farmer; Sec.
10; P.O. Bonus; born in New York, in
1818 ; came to this Co. in 1845 ; owns 354
acres ; has held offices of Assessor, School
Director, and School Trustee, and holds
the office of Justice ofthe Peace; married
Maria Passage, in 1842; she was born in
New York; have seven children, George
B., Ella F., Alice L., Herman M., Frank
A., Elsie J., and Grant U.

Ryan John, farm; Sec. 11, P. O. Belvidere. •
SACKET CLARENCE E. Prin-
ter; Garden Prairie; born in this
town, in 1848. •>
SACKET DANIEL H. Postmaster, -
Garden Prairie; born in Vermont, Aug.
9, 1804; came lo this Co. in 1837; owns
70 acres land; came to Chicago in 1833,
and being a Millwright built the first mill
in Illinois north of Ottawa, and at Geneva
built the first mill that made flour for the
eastern market; married Caroline Ame?,
Jan. 1, 1832; she was born in Vermont;
have four children, Eliza J., George W.,
Emma C, and Clarence E.; he has held
office of School Director, and holds office
of Post-master.
Sacket J. S. money loaner; P. O. Garden
Prairie.
Sanford S. D. farmer; Sec. 5; P. O. Bonus. •
SANDS FRED. Farmer; Sec. 8; P. 0.
Belvidere ; born in N. Y., 1833 ; came to
this Co. in May, 1836, and has lived on the
same farm since that time; owns 200
acres, valued at $60 per acre; married
Miss Henrietta Brooks, in 1857; she was
born in New York; have two children,
Beecher and Belsey; he has held offices of
School Director and Road Commissioner.
Scott William, P. O. Capron.
Sears C. A. farm ; S. 36 ; P. O. Grand Prairie.
Sears E. C. farm ; 8. 26 ; P. O. Grand Prairie',
'SEARS H. O. Farmer; Sec. 36; P. 0.
Garden Prairie ; born in Bristol, Ontario
Co., N. Y., 1820 ; came to this Co. Oct.,
1839 ; owns 415 acres land ; married Miss
Harriet A. Ames, in 1841 ; she was born
in Vermont; have three children, Edward
O, Charles A., and Theron M.
Sherburne G. N.farm; S.32; P.O.Belvidere.
Sherburne J. H. farm ; S.32 ; P. O. Belvidere.
Shafter M. C. farmer; Sec.28; P.O. Belvidere.
Smith C. H. Sec. 4; P. O. Bonus.
Smith Harlon. ..
Smith J. M. P. O. Bonus. <»
Smith R. D. farmer and blacksmith ; Sec. 5 ;
P. O. Bonus. *
Smith Simeon, farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. Bonus. »
¦Smith W. B. farmer; Sec. 5 ; P. O. Bonus.
Smith William, P. O. Bonus.
STAPLETON EDWARD, Farm-
er; Sec. 23; P. O. Garden Prairie; born in
¦ Ireland, in 1823 ; came to this Co. in 1855 ;
owns 150 acres ; married Miss Mary Prior,
in 1851; she was born in Ireland; have
six children, Margaret, John, James,
Maria, Julia, and Edward ; lost three.
Stapleton Jas. farm ; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Stapleton J. farm; S.23; P.O.Garden Prairie.
Stevenson T. 8, farm ; Sec. 12; P. O. Capron. •
STOCKWELL FRANK S.Farm-
er; Sec. 7; P. O. Belvidere; born in this

BONUS TOWNSHIP.

385

town in 1850; owns 115 acres of land;
married Miss Fuller, in 1874; she was
born in Flora township ; have one child,
Maudie.
¦* STONE A. Farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Bel-
videre; born in Mass., in 1807 ; came to
this Co. in 1837 ; owns 187% acres of land ;
he married Miss E. H. Ellis, who was
born in Mass. ; have five children, Daniel
B., Charles A., May Elizabeth, Martha
E., and. Hattie E. *
Stone Chas. physician; 8. 29; P.O.Belvidere.
Stott D. station agent; P. O. Garden Prairie.
• Stow J. D. farmer and doctor; Sec. 4; P. O.
Bonus.
Stow F. J. P. O. Garden Prairie.
Sweet L. K.
Sweezy Whiting, Sec. 1 ; P. O. Bonus. •
^'-pRIPP H. P. farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Gar-
_L den Prairie.
- TRIPP JAMES D. Farmer; Sec. 18;
P. O. Belvidere ; born Columbia Co., N.Y.,
Dec. 26, 1807, and removed to Madison
Co. at an early age ; lived in that State 44
years, and was engaged in Farm and Dai
ry business ; removed to Ills., Boone Co.,
in 1851, and has lived here 26 years ; owns
farm of 200 acres ; has held office of Asses
sor of this town, also Road Commissioner;
married Miss Angelina Maxom, from Mad
ison Co., N. Y., Oct. 4, 1829; she was born
in Renssalaer Co. Jan. 4, 1809; they have.
six children: Mrs. Kate W. Stockwell,
Mrs. H. Caroline Mather, Mrs. Celia A.
Woodward, Julia A., John G., and Joseph
E.; havu lost seven children: Stephen
W., James H., Mary A., Stephen O., and
three who died in infancy.
Tripp John G. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
 Tongue Geo.'T/farm ; P. O. Garden Prairie.
TURN ARE URIAH B. Farmer,
Sec. 17; P.O.Belvidere; b°ni in N. Y.,
1823; came to this Co. 1844; owns 160
acres o*Jand ; married Miss Laura Cline
in lSSOJhe was born in N. Y.; have nine
children, Hatlie, Marion, Georgeanua, El
nora, Howard P., Lucia, Laura, Eva and
Phcebe E. ; has been School Director six
years.
Tynan J. farm ; Sec. 22 ; P. O. Garden Prairie.
TT7ALKER G. F.
Walters George, P. O. Belvidere.

Walters W. W., P. O. Belvidere.
WATKINS A. L. Farmer; Sec. 14;
P. O. Garden Prairie ; born in N. Y., 1827 ;
came to thU Co. in 1872 ; owus 240 acres
land; married Eliza A. Swain, who was
born in N. Y. ; have five children, Merit,
Lora, Lott, Fred and Alida.
Wells B. B.
Westfall H. farm ; S. 28 ; P.O.Garden Prairie.-
Whipple N. G. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
White Henry, P. O. Belvidere.
Wilbur Harrison, farmer; P. O. Belvidere. •
•WINIGAR JAMES G. Farmer;
Sec. 28; P. O. Belvidere; born in N. Y.,
1830 ; came to this Co. in Oct., 1839, and
has resided in the same Section since that
time ; owns 160 acres ; married Sarah A.
Heaton in 1854 ; she was born in N. Y.
.WIXOM ANC1L, Farmer; Sec.19;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in Putnam Co., N.
Y., May 24, 1837 ; lived there 18 years, and
came to Belvidere, Boone Co., in 1855 ;
has lived here 22. years, engaged in farm
ing ; owns farm of 160 acres ; married Miss
Julia Hart, from Carmel, Putnam Co., N.
Y., Nov., 1860; have three children, Noah,
born Feb. 8, 1861; Nellie, Sept., 1873;
Lilly, Dec. 8, 1875; lost three children.
B. H. Wixom, father of the above, was
born in Putnam Co., N. Y., in 1805 ; lived
there 50 years ; came to this Co. in 1855 ;
married Easter Hill, of Putnam Co., N.
Y. ; she died 1869; had three children:
Noah, he died in 1850 ; Smith, was in
army ; Ancil.
Wixom B. farmer; Sec, 19; P. O. Belvidere.
Woodruff E. D. farmer ; bee. 4 ; P.O. Bonus.
•WOODRUFF JOHN, Merchant,.
Sec. 5; P. O. Bonus; born in New Haven
Co., Conn., 1814; came to this Co. 1849;
owns 20 acres land; holds offices School
Director, Justice of the Peace and Post-
Master al Bonus ; married Lucinda Dim
mick in 1834; she was born in N. Y.;
have five children, Russell D., John D.,
Mary K., Edward £>. and Charles D. ; lost
five children; his son, Russell D., enlisted
in the spring of 1861 in the 15th I. V. I. ;
served three years, and re-enlisted as a
Veteran; he was a prisoner- seven months
at Andersonville, and one of the last re
leased.
YOURT A. farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Gar
den Prairie.

386

BOONE COUNTY DIEEOTOBY!

CALEDONIA TOWNSHIP.

ANDREW JOHN, farmer; P.O. Caledo
nia Station.
Atkinson E. Y. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Atkinson J. farm; S. 2; P. 0. Poplar Grove.
Atkinson R. farm ; S. 2 ; P.O. Poplar Grove. .
BAILEY THROOP, farmer; Sec. 23; P.
O. Poplar Grove.
Baker Wm. A. mechanic- Caledonia Station.
Balch Orin, laborer; Poplar Grove.
Berg Frank, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Bigerstaff C. farmer ; P.O. Caledonia Station.
BROOKS W. H. Merchant; Poplar
Grove ; born in Erie Co., N. Y., March 7,
1827 ; came to this Co. in 1851 ; have four
children, Lottie E., Gertie E., Howard S.
and Albert W. ; wife was Miss Harriet
Strong, born in Erie- Co., N. Y. ; was
Collector one term, and Constable one
term.
. Brown C. tarm ; S. 7 ; P.O. Caledonia Station.
» Brown D. farm ; S. 9 ; P.O. Caledonia Station.
Brown T. farm ; S. 8 ; P.O. Caledonia Station.
Brown Wm. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Brunei' I: farm ; S. 10 ; P.O.Caledonia Station.
; Brunei' P. farm ; S. 10 ; P.O.Caledonia Station.
Budish James.
Burdick J. S. farmer ; P.O. Caledonia Station.
C ASSAD Y JOHN, teacher; Caledonia
Station.
Cassady P., R. It. laborer ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
« Cassidy P. farm ; S. 27 ; P.O.Caledonia Sta.
¦ Chappell J. B. farm ; S. 1 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Chappell J. B., Jr., farmer; Sec. 12; P.O*
Poplar Giwe.
Chappell T. G. mechanic ; Caledonia Station.
« Church J. M. farm ; S. 2 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Clark A. farm ; S. 14 ; P.O. Poplar Grove. •
« Clay J. farm ; S. 9 ; P.O. Caledonia Station.
T Cleveland H. W. farm ; S. 28 ; P.O. Caledonia
Station.
Cleveland T. W. farm; S. 28; P.O. Caledonia*
Station.
Cochran Gilman, Caledonia Station.
Colwell Jas. farmer; P. O. Argyle.
Cook A. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Cornwell D.D. farm ; S.36 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Cornwell H. farm ; 8. 12 ; P.O. Poplar Grove..
* Covey E. H. farm ; 8. 25 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Covey S. farm; S. 25; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Crouse S. H. preacher ; Caledonia Station.
* Cummins A. farm ; S. 17 ; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Curtis A. F. farm ; 8. 36 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.*

D

Curtis L. E. farm; S. 36; P.O. Poplar Grove. •
AWSON WILLIAM, laborer; Poplar
Grove.
•Day Hiram, farmer; P. O. Capron.
DeanM. T. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Dimond R. farm; S.25; P.O. Poplar Grove.
DRAKE ABRAM. Farmer and Stock
Raiser ; Sec. 27 ;P. O. Caledonia ; born in the
town of Pittsfield, Rockingham Co., N H.,
Jan. 2, 1811 ; owns 270 acres, valued at $13,-
500 ; Mr. D. is one of the oldest settlers ; no
family; wife was Miss Sophia Storey; she
was born in the city of Boston, Oct. 31,
1825; they were married July 11, 1844;
was Justice of the Peace about ten years;
was Post-master at Caledonia ten years,
and held the office of Supervisor two years.
Dymond A. T. farm ; S. 13 ; P.O.Poplar Grove. ?
Dymond J. farm ; S. 13 ; P.O. Poplar Grove. •
•DYMOND ROBERT, Farmer and
Stock Raiser; Sec. 15 : P. O. Poplar Grove;
born in England, Jan. 17, 1815 ; came to
this Co. in 1845 ; owns 120 acres, valued at
$6,000 ; has one daughter, Elizabeth ; she
married Lorenzo Spencer; had one son,
James, who served three years in the late
war, in Co. K, 95th 111. Regt.; he died just
after returning home; wife was Miss Eliza
beth Clark, born in England.
.Dymond S. farm ; S. 25 ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
EARLY WILLIAM, farmer; Sec. 27; P.
O. Caledonia Station.
Edgall S. M. farm; S. 13; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Emerson H. H. farmer ; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
Ei-win S. V. farmer ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
FORD RICHARD, farmer; Sec. 10; P.O.
Poplar Grove.
/^ORHAM STEPHEN.
•Gorman Peter, farmer; Sec. 14; P.O.Caledo
nia Station.
Gorman Philip, farmer; Sec. 14; P.O. Cale
donia Station.
•Greenlee J. farm; S. 6; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
• Greenlee T. farm; S. 6; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Greenlee W. farm; S. 6; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
GRINNELL H. S. Postmaster,; Cal
edonia Station; born in Litchfield Co.,
Conn., April 29, 1809; came to this Co. in
1857, and to Caledbnia Station in 1859;
have two children living, Wm. E., born
Jan. 28, 1837, in Canada; Sarah A., born
in Canada, Nov., 1841; wife was Miss
Harriet A. Pier, born in Vermont, July
16, 1814; they were married Jan. 23, 1833;
value of estate, $800.

CALEDONIA TOWNSHIP.

387

Grow Edgar, farmer ; P.O. Caledonia Station.
HALEY PAT. railroad employe; Poplar
Grove.
Halliday A. J. laborer ; Caledonia Station.
Ham J. J.
Hammond H. Parks Corner.
HAMMOND H. A. Proprietor Cale
donia Cheese Factory; Sec. 35; P. O. Bel
videre ; born in Boone Co., Aug. 3, 1848 ;
owns 200 acres, valued at $7,000; has
two children,. Myron, born June 4, 1874;
Wm., born June 8, 1877 ; wife was Mel
vina Stevens, born in this Co.; married
Sept. 21, 1870.
Hammond H. L. mechanic ; Belvidere.
Hanson E. farm ; Sec.5 ; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
Hanson J. farm; Sec.5; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
• Hanson J. A. farm ; S. 5 ; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
Hanson N. E. farm ; S. 4 ; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
Hanson S.M.S. farm ; S.5 ; P.O.Caledonia Sta.,
Hart W. farmer ; Sec.23 ; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
HAZLEWOOD WM. Farmer; Sec.
36 ; P. O. Poplar Grove ; born in Canada,
Aug. 1,1832; came to this Co. in 1845;
owns 80 acres, valued at $3,400 ; has four
children, Albert, James H., Annie and
Nettie ; wife was Miss Elizabeth Brown,
born in England ; married Oct. 3, 1866.
• Head J. N. farm ; Seel 1 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
.Henderson J. farm ; S.28; P.O.Caledonia Sta.
B Henderson R. farm ; S.21 ; P.O.Caledonia Sta.
Herrington P. farm ;S.17 ; P.O.Caledonia Sta.
Heward W. farm ; Sec.ll ; P.O.Caledonia Sta.*
Hill George, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Hines L. farmer; P. O. Caledonia Station.
Horner George, farmer; P. O. Hunter.
Hostroser J. farm; S. 14; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Hyer W. mechanic; P. O. Caledonia Station.
JACKSON J. F. laborer; P.O.Caledonia
Station.
Johnson Ole, laborer.
Jory James, mechanic ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
,\T ELLE Y CAMPBELL, farmer; Sec.4;
IX. P. O,. Caledonia.
'.Kelley C. farmer; S. 20; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Kelley D. 8. farm; S. 16; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Kelley Jas. farm ; Sec. 16 ; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Kelley Jno. farm ; Sec.16 ; P.O. Caledonia Sta,.
Knox L. farmer; Sec. 14; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Knox W. T. farm ; S. 14 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
LANE S. P. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Belvi
dere.
Lang S. P. mechanic ; Caledonia Station.
Lawler M. farm ; S. 28 ; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
, LEACH C. C. Farmer and Stock
Raiser; Sec. 33; P. O, Belvidere; born in

Bennington Co., Vt., Feb. 28,1820; came
to this Co in 1845 ; owns 197 acres, valued
at $6,895 ; Mr. L. is among the oldest set
tlers ; has three sons, Frank M., born July
15, 1850; Fred. G., April 16, 1855: Grant
S., June 29, 1863 ; wife was Miss Cynthia
Smith, born in Chenango Co., N. Y.,
March 4, 1829 ; married April 22, 1847.
Leach Fred, farmer; Sec. 33 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Lidster Ralph, shoemaker ; Caledonia Sta.
Linnell Selwin, farmer; P. O. Argyle.
Long J., Jr., farm; 8. 15 ; P.O. Caledonia Sta. •
Lovering Wm., Jr., mechanic ; Poplar Grove.
McALLEE JOHN, farmer; P. O. Ar
gyle-
•McEachran Archie, farmer; Sec. 17; P.O.
Caledonia Station.
McEachren Geo. farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Cal
edonia Station.
McEachran Hugh, mechanic ; Argyle.
•McEachran Jas. farmer; Sec. 16; P. O. Cal
edonia Station.
t McEachran John, farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Cal
edonia Station.
McEachran John; farmer; Sec. 8; P. O. Cal
edonia Station.
McMillan Mat. farmer; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
«McNAIR ALExADER, Farmer
and Stock Raiser; Se#7; P. O. Caledonia
Station ; born in Canrpbelltown, Scotland,
June 7, 1828 ; came to this Co. in 1842 ;
owns 285 acres, valued at $14,250; Mr.
McNair is one of the oldest settlers ; has
six children, Elizabeth, Catherine, Mary,
Jeannette, James and Alexander • wife was
Miss Mary Armour ; she was born in the
same place : manied Oct. 20, 1853 ; was
Supervisor two years, and Assessor one
term.
McNeilage Wm. mechanic ; Caledonia Sta.
Mahoney Cornelius, laborer ; Caledonia Sta.
Marriett T. G. farmer; Sec. 16; P. O. Caledo- •
nia Station.
Marshall W.farm; S. 14; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Merritt R. farm ; Sec. 23 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Merriett T. farm ; S. 15 ; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Mitchell Jas. laborer ; Caledonia Station.
Mitchell R. farm; S. 17; P.O. Caledonia Sta. «
Montanye Chas. laborer ; Caledonia Station.
MONTANYE J. D. Proprietor .of
Hotel ; Caledonia Station ; born in Orange
Co., N.Y., Feb.9, 1820; cametothis Co. in
1854; have eight children, Mary E., Inda
A., Charles, Katejsaac V., John N., Clar
ence H., and Delia; wife was Miss Par-
melia Brown ; born in Sullivan Co., N. Y.,
Jan. 20, 1828 ; married Dec. 25, 1845 ; value
of estate $4,000.
•MONTGOMERY JAMES, Farmer
and Stock Raiser; Sec. 1; P. O. Poplar
-Grove; born in Argylcshire, Scotland,

388

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY:

July 4, 1834; came to this Co. March 17,
1870; owns 160 acres, valued at $8,000;
left Scotland m 1842, and went to Guilford,
Winnebago Co., and remained there till
March, 1870, then came here; have five
children, Albert F, Arthur O, James E.,
Jennie E., and Allen R. ; wife was Miss
Lavinia Toffiemire; born in Canada, April
25, 1836; married Nov. 20, 1860; she died
March 10, 1877; is Supervisor, and has
been for two years, and has held other
Township offices.
Moore D. A. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Moore J. farm ; Sec. 36 ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
MOORE WM. Farmer; Sec. 8; P.O.
Caledonia Station; born in Canada, Sept.
18, 1842; came to this Co. in April, 1871;
has two children, James F., born Aug. 15,
1867; William H., Oct. 17. 1871; wife was
Mtss Mary J. Atkinson ; born in Canada,
April 4, 1843; married March 20, 1864.
Murphy David, Sr., laborer; Caledonia Sta.
Murphy David, Jr.,farm; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Murphy Dennis, laborer; Argyle.
NEAL DENNIS, farmer; P. O. Poplar
Grove.
O? BRIEN JOHN, farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. O.
Argyle.
Olmes William.
Outcalt Otis, farmer; P.O. Caledonia Station.
PARKER GEORGE, laborer; Poplar
Grove.
Pearsall S. M. farm ; 8.24 ; P.O. Poplar Grove. •
Petrie Francis, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
PetrieP. farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Belvidere.
Picken Archie, farmer; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
- Picken J. A. farm ; S.18 ; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Picken John, farmer; Sec. 18; P.O. Cale
donia Station.
• Postlewaite Thos. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O.
Poplar Grove.
Postlewaite W. H. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O.
Poplar Grove.
- TJ ALSTON ALEX, farmer; Sec. 20; P.O.
I\ Caledonia Station.
* RALSTON JNO. Farmer and Stock
Raiser; Sec. 6; P.O. Caledonia Station;
born in Scotland, Aug., 1818; came to this
Co. in 1852 ; has nine children : George,
Peter, John, Charles, Jane, Martha, Eliza
beth, Jeannette and Margaret; wife was
Miss Elizabeth Picken, born in Scotland.
* RALSTON A. J. Farmer; Sec. 29;
P. O. Caledonia Station ; born in the south
end of Cantire, Scotland, Jan. 14, 1820;
owns 190 acres, valued at $7,600; left there
and went to Canada in May, 1849; re
mained there seven years and then came
to this Co.; have six children, and lost
three ; wife was Margaret McKerrell ; she

was born Jan. 14, 1825 ; married Dec. 28,
1843. '
•Ralston Gavin, farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Cale
donia Station.
Ralston George, farmer; Sec. 6; P. O. Cale
donia Station.
Ralston Robt. farmer ; Sec. 30 ; P. O. Argyle.
i Ralston Wm.A. farmer; Sec.18; P.O.Argyle.
Ramsey E. farm ; Sec.3 ; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
Ramsey J. farm ; Sec.3 ; P. O. Caledonia Sta. •
?Ramsey T. farm ; Sec. 3 ; P.O. Caledonia Sta.
Ramsey W.G.farm ; S.10 ; P.O.Caledonia Sta. •
REID W. H. Farmer and Stock Rais- •
er; Sec. 31; P.O. Argyle Station; born in
LaSalle Co., 111., Sept. 27, 1837; his father
left Scotland the year previous and went
to LaSalle Co. ; remained there, about one
year and then went to Winnebago Co.,
where he remained until 1865, when he
came here ; has four children : Mary A.,
born Jan. 3, 1868; Margaret, April 21,
1870; Hugh, Jan. 13, 1873; Elizabeth A.,
Oct. 8, 1875 ; wife was Mary Andrew, born
in Harlem, Winnebago Co., Aug. 27, 1848;
married Feb. 16,  .
ReymoreB.F. R.R. employe; Poplar Grove.
SANDERS W. H. farmer; Sec. 35; P. O.
Caledonia Station.
Sage Menzo.
Schurc Jno. farmer; P.O. Caledonia Station.
Seeley Chas.
•SEWELL SUTTON, Farmer and
Stock Raiser; Sec. 34; P. O. Caledonia
Station; born in this Tp., Boone Co., May
15, 1847; rents farm of his father; has two
children: Minnie, born April 10, 1873;
Charley, April 4, 1875; wife was Miss
Maryette Linnell, born in this Tp., May
17, 1855 ; married May 30, 1872.
Sherman E. farm; S. 13; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Sibley D.M. farmer; P. O. Caledonia~Sta.
Simonds Geo.
Slowey Thos. laborer; Caledonia Station.
Spencer A. farm; S. 23; P. O. Poplar Grove. «
Spencer E. farm; S. 23; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Spencer E. L. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Spencer J. farm ; S. 26 ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Spencer L. farm; S. 15; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Stapleton Edw. R.R. laborer; Caledonia Sta.
Stephens W. L. R. R. laborer; Caledonia Sta.
Steward Rev. W. W. minister; Caledonia Sta.
Suhr Jno. farmer; P.O. Caledonia Station.
Suher Jos. farmer; P. O. Caledonia Station.
.Sullivan J. farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Argyle.
TAYLOR MALCOLM, laborer; Cale
donia Station.
.Thompson Geo. farmer; Sec.9; P.O.Cale
donia Station.

CALEDONIA TOWNSHIP.

389

Thompson John, farmer; Sec. 15; P.O. Cale
donia Station.
Thompson Robt. farmer; Sec. 15; P.O. Cale
donia Station.
Thornton F. A. laborer; Hunter.
Tofflemire Andy, farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Cal
edonia Station.
Tofflemire F. farm ; S.16 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
TOFFLEMIRE J. J. Farmer and
Stock Raiser; Sec. 31 ; P. O. Argyle Sta
tion ; born in Harlem Tp., Winnebago Co.,
March 12, 1842, about one-half mile from
where he now lives; owns 131 acres, value
$6,550 ; has five children : Cora L., born
Oct. 21, 1866; Warren E., Feb. 14, 1869;
J. Verner, June 1, 1871 ; Roy, April 19,
1874; Benjamin,1 May 20, 1877; wife was
Miss Amy A. Little, born in Watertown,
N. Y., Feb. 7, 1843; they were married
Jan. 1, 1866.
Tucker Chas. H. mechanic ; Poplar Grove.
Tucker L. S. laborer ; Poplar Grove.
Turner A. J. laborer ; Argyle.

VICKERS G. W. farmer; P.O
Grove.

Poplar
farmer; Sec. 11; P. O.

Vickers Geo., Sr.
Poplar Grove.
Vickers Geo., Jr. blacksmith ; Poplar Grove.
Vickers J. S. farm ; 8.11 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Vickers Jos. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove. •
Vickers Robt. farm ; 8.11 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Vickers Robt. mechanic ; Poplar Grove.
WAKEFIELD A", farmer; Sec. 29; P. O.
Caledonia Station.
Ware B. H.
Warren I. H. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove. .
Warren J., Sr., farm ; S. 2 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Warren J. W. farm ; S. 2 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.

I

Webster J. W. farm ; S. 35 ; P.O. Belvidere. .
Webster W. S. lumber merchant; Poplar
Grove.
Wellington S. farm; P.O. Caledonia Station.
Whalen Jos. P. farmer; P.O. Argyle. ~
Wheeler D. farm; 8. 13; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Wheeler G. farm ; 8. 14; P.O. Poplar Grove. '
Wheeler W. B. farm ; S.14 ; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Whitcomb L. C. retired ; Poplar Grove.
"WHITING ANDREW, Farmer and
Stock Raiser; Sec. 27; P. O. Caledonia Sta
tion ; born in Kennebeck Co., Me., Nov. 9,
1846 ; owns 118 acres, value $4,720 ; left there
and came to this Co. with his parents in
the fall of 1838, and is one of the oldest
settlers ; have three sons, Chas. O., born
Nov. 3, 1858; Wm. A., Aug. 3,1860; Eph
raim A., May 13, 1863; wife was Miss
Mary A. Kyes, born in Ohio, May 9, 1847 ;
married Sept. 10,1854; was Assessor one
term, and Road Commissioner three years.
Whiting C. farmer; P. O. Caledonia Station.
*Whiting F. farm; S. 22; P.O.Caledonia Sta.
WHITING LUTHER, Farmer and .
Stock Raiser; Sec. 22; P. O. Caledonia
Station ; born in Caledonia Tp., this Co.,
Nov. 28, 1841 ; owns 136 acres, valued at
$5,460; have three children: Nellie, born
May 2, 1868; John H., Oct. 24, 1870; Ira,
Aug. 18, 1875; wife was Miss Mary E.
Sabin, born in Schenectady Co., N. Y.,
May 28, 1845 ; married May 28, 1866 ; he
served four years and three days in .the
late war in Co. A., 12th I. V. I. ; was Su
pervisor two years and Road Commis
sioner five years.
Whittle J. farm; S. 20; P. O. Caledonia Sta.
Willott G. railroad employee ; Poplar Grove.
Wilson R. merchant ; Caledonia Station.
Winne Garrett, farmer; P.O. Belvidere.
Wright G. C. farmer; P.O.Caledonia Station.

ft

La-

390

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY:

FLORA TOWNSHIP.

A DAMS FRANK E. farmer; Sec. 18.
Adams O. farm ; Sec. 19 ; P.O.Cherry Valley.
Albright Wm. H. farm ; S. 13 ; P.O.Belvidere./
Aldrich A. C. farm; Sec. 1.; P. O. Belvidere.
Alexander J. farm; S. 4; P.O.Cheny Valley.*
• Allen A. H. farmer; Sec. 10; P.O.Belvidere.
Allen A. H., Jr., farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
• ALLEN BERNARD B. Farmer;
Sec. 3; P. O. Belvidere; born Oxford Co.,
Me., March 26, 1831 ; lived in Maine about
32 years ; engaged in farming and clerk in
store 8 years ; removed to Boone Co. 1863 ;
has lived here 12 years; owns farm 117^
acres ; has held offices School Director and
Road Surveyor ; married Mary C. DeCosta,
from Oxford Co., Me., Sept. 6, 1857; they
have three children : Fred L., born Aug.
25,1858; Guy, April 15, 1863; Grace May,
June 6, 1874; lost one little girl, Lettie,'
twin sister of Grace May.
Allen W. F. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
I ALLEN W. W. Farmer; Sec. 15; P.
O. Belvidere; born in Oxford Co., Me.,
May 21, 1841 ; lived in that State 25 years,
and worked as clerk in store for a long
time, and brought up there; learned boot
maker's trade, and worked at trade in Ab-
ington, Mass., 4 years; came to Boone Co.
in 1866; engaged in farming and stock
dairy ; owns 100 acres land ; married Miss
Mary A. Bonney, from town of Sumner,
Oxford Co., Me., fall of 1862.
Anderson A. G. farmer ; P.O.Cherry Valley.
Anderson F. laborer; 8. 15; P. O. Belvidere.
Atkins D. farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Belvidere.
ATKINS MICHAEL H. Farmer;
Sec. 17; P. O. Cherry Valley; born Som-
ersetshire, England, Aug. 23, 1836 ; lived
in England 31 years ; came to this countiy
in Aug., 1869; came to Cherry Valley,
Winnebago Co., same year; rents farm of
Mr. Farley of 100 acres; married Miss
Charlotte Atkins, of Somersetshire, Eng.,
May 30, 1859 ; they have seven children,
four sons and three daughters: Flor
ence, Augusta, Douglass, William, Rosa,
Thomas, Walter.
• AVERY HENRY W., Jr., Farmer ;
Sec. 5 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in New Lon
don Co., Conn., May 31, 1823; lived there
. 21 years ; came to Boone Co. in 1844, and
has lived here 33 years ; but very little im
provement here when he came ; has held
offices of Justice of Peace, Road Commis
sioner, Assessor and School Trustee ; owns
farm 240 acres ; married Lydia J. Avery,
from Chenango Co., N. Y. ; she died in
1847; had one child, Mrs. Elizabeth D.
Thompson, born June 24, 1846 ; married

Rachel P. McCord, from Carlisle, Penn.,
in Sept., 1848. Henry W. Avery, Sr., father
of the above, was born in New London
Co., Conn. ; came to Illinois, Boone Co., in
1853, and is now 83 years old; married
Betsy Dennison, from same place, in 1817;
' she died in 1866; had two children, Rev.
F. D. Avery, of Conn., and H. W. Avery ,Jr.
BASSET PERRIS, farmer; P. O. Cherry
Valley.
'BANKS SEBASTIAN S. Farmer;
Sec. 9; P. O. Belvidere; born Piscataquis
Co., Me., Feb. 24, 1837; lived there 9 years,
and came to DeKalb Co., 111., in 1846, and
has lived on this Prairie 31 years; came to
Boone Co. in 1868; owns farm of 142 acres;
went to California in 1859; crossed the
plains with oxen, only four of them in the
party, returning on horseback; married
Miss Jeannette Bucklin, from Canandagua
Co., N. Y., March, 1871 ; they have two
children: Annie Stella, born Jan. 15, 1872;
Irving, Jan., 1874.
Basiner Chas., Sec. 19. __
Bennett A. farmer ; Sec. 33 ; P. O. Belvidere.
•BENNETT CHARLES, Farmer;
Sec. 17 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in Belvidere,
Oct. 8, 1845 ; bas lived in this Co. 32 years ;
attended school in Chicago and Poughkeep
sie, N. Y. ; among the early native born of
this Co. ; farm and dairy ; owns farm of 200
acres ; married Miss Ellen C. Reynolds in
Belvidere, Dec. 1. 1868; she was born in
Waukesha Co., Wis., July 9, 1847; they
have six children, Herman James, Edward
Joseph, born Feb, 14, 1870 ; Ellen Gertrude,
June 10, 1871; Jennie M., Dec. 14, 1872;
Stella, March 20, 1875 ; Charles, Dec. 8, '76.
Bennett Chester, farmer ; P.O. Cherry Valley.
Bennett O. farmer; Sec. 33; P. O. Belvidere.
Benson Chas. farmer; Sec. 8.
Bixlerlra, farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Belvidere.
• BLAKE WILLIAM, Farmer; Sec.
9 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in Cornwall, Eng.,
Aug. 19, 1826; lived in England 27 years;
came to America in 1853 ; came to Rock
ford, Winnebago Co., same year; lived
there 11 years; lived in Lee Co. 10 years;
came to Boone Co. 1875 ; owns 220 acres
land ; married Susan Hucknen, from Eng
land, Jan. 1853; they have eight children:
Mary E., James, George, Fanny, Charlie,
Annie, Frank, Freddie ; lost two children.
Blank C. farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.Cherry Valley.
Biiss E. farmer ; Sec. 26 ; P. O. Belvidere.^ '
Blfss P^ A. peddler; P. O. Belvidere.
»Bowen H. L. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P.O.Belvidere.
Brody J. laborer ; Sec. 7.
Brodt A, laborer; Sec. 7; P.O.Cherry Valley.

PLOBA TOWNSHIP.

391

Brown E. D. farmer; Sec. 27; P.O.Belvidere.y
Brown E. F. farmer; Sec. 27; P.O.Belvidere.
Brown M. laborer; Sec. 22; P. O. Belvidere.
Brown N. B. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Brown W. B. farm ; Sec. 11 ; P.O. Belvidere.
/Buck C. farmer; Sec. 18; P.O.Cherry Valley.
CANDIDO THOMAS, farmer; Sec. 8; P.
O. Belvidere.
Case C. farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Belvidere.
• Case C. C. farm; S. 19; P. O. Cherry Valley.
•CASE DAVID L. Farmer; Sec. 8;
P. O. Cherry Valley ; born in Winnebago
Co., 111., July 29, 1850; lived there about
22 years, then removed to Boone Co. in
1872, and has lived here 4 years ; has a
farm of 160 acres ; has held offices of Con
stable and Road Master; married Miss
Emma A. Wheeler, of Cherry Valley, Feb.
22, 1877 ; she was born in Massachusetts,
and removed to Winnebago Co. in infancy.
Casey Geo. farmer ; P. O. Cherry Valley.
Casey Jas. farmer; P. 0- Cherry Valley.
Casey Wm. farmer ; P. O. Cherry Valley.
CHAMBERLAIN DANIEL S.
Farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Belvidere; born in
town of Flora, May 15, 1854; has iived in
this town and Co. 23 years, except while
traveling in Iowa and Missouri for a short
time; was engaged in fruit and confec
tionery business in Belvidere; married
Ella M. Lawson, Aug. 27, 1873 ; she was
born in New York State, March 11, 1856 ;
rents farm of 40 acres.
CHENA CHAS. E. Farmer; Sec. 21;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Jefferson Co.,
Sept. 7, 1840, and lived there 25 years;
went to Michigan in 18G5, and livecf there
10 years ; held office of Secretary of La
peer Co. Grange; came to Boone Co., III.,
in 1875; has held office of Path Master;
married Miss Jane Clark, from Jefferson
Co., N. Y., in March, 1863 ; they have two
children: Helen H., born 1865; Fred. G.,
1871.
Clark Edward, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Clark Wm. farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Belvidere.
Cline A. farm; Sec. 31; P. O. Cherry Valley.
CLINITE JACOB, Farmer ; Sec. 31 ;
P. O .-Cherry Valley; born in Wertemberg,
Germany, April 13, 1827; came to this
country in 1832; came to the State of Ohio
and lived there about 20 years, then re
moved to Illinois, Boone Co., in 1851, and
has lived here 26 years ;'has held offices of
School' Director and Overseer of Roads ;
married Miss Caroline Ernst, Aug. 4, 1850 ;
she was born in Penn. and brought up in
Ohio; owns farm of 80 acres, 30 acres in
Winnebago Co., 80 in Ogle Co.,»320 in
Kansas ; they have nine children, six sons
and three daughters : William A., George
F., Charles W\, Albert L., Edward, Frank,
Emma, Ida, Ettie ; lost one daughter, Mary.

Cochran John, farmer; P. O. Belvidere./
Cochran 8. C. farmer, P. O. Belvidere./
Cochran Wilson, farmer; P. O. Belvidere. /
COE GEO. W. Farmer; Sec. 27; P. O. •
Belvidere; born Lycoming Co., Penn.,
Sept. 28, 1845 ; removed to Ogle Co., 111.,
when three years of age ; lived there about
25 years, and came to Boone Co. in 1873 ;
. engaged in farming and stock raising;
owns farm of 80 acres ; has held office of
Overseer Highways ; married Miss Mary
McKee, from Boone Co., in Feb., 1873;
she was born in this town June 27, 1849.
Cohoon John, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.fi
(COHOON ORVILL S. Farmer; Sec.
12; P. O. Belvidere; born Erie Co.,/Penn.,
Oct. 29, 1833 ; lived in that State about 18
years; went to Indiana, lived there 18
months, and removed to Illinois, Boone
Co., June 17, 1853, and has lived here 24
years ; was engaged in mercantile business
two years ; lived in car house, about where
Baptist church stands, south side, and it
was the only house on 40 acres ; he is en
gaged in farming, dairy and stock raising,
and owns farm 148 acres; hewas on com
mittee to raise funds and recruits during
war ; married Miss Juliette R. Wood, from
Wisconsin, in 1857 ; she died 1864 ; married
Miss A. H. Field, from Michigan, in Jan
uary, 1865.
COMPTON HENRY P. (firm of
Pike & Compton) Broom business ; Sec. 5 ;
P.O. Cherry Valley; bornin Somerset Co., :
N. J., Feb. 17, 1834 ; came to Winnebago
Co. in 1853 ; has lived in Boone Co. twenty
years ; is engaged in the manufacture of
Brooms; owns farm of forty acres; mar
ried Harriet N. Pike, from Maine, in 1857 ;
they have four children, three sons and
one daughter.
CRAIG GEO. Farmer; Sec. 20; P. O.
Cherry Valley ; born in Co. Armagh, Ire.
land, July 9, 1831, being one of family of
seventeen brothers and two sisters ; he was
the seventeenth brother and the seven
teenth child of the family; two of his
brothers were born on the same day of the
month,July 9 ; came to this country in 1855,
and lived in Philadelphia two years ; en
gaged with his brothersin manufacturing;
he has seven brothers in Philadelphia;
married Miss Martha Gibson, from Co.
Armagh, Ireland, Jan. 17, 1851 ; they have
five children, four sons and one daughter,
William, Robert, George A. Lizzie and
Benjamin.
Craig Robt. farmer; P. O. Cherry Valley.
Cramer Aifarm laborer ; S. 5 ; P.O. Belvidere.
CUNNINGHAM BRADFORD
L.Farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born
in Delaware Co., N. Y., Oct. 30, 1825 ; lived
there 11 years, and came to Boone Co. by
team, being six weeks on the road, in May,
1837, and has lived here over 40 years; is
one of the earliest settlers, and there is

392

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY:

not a person here now who was here when
he came ; only two or three log houses
on the prairie when he came; he carted
his grain to Chicago, and has carted
wheat there for others, and got 25 cents
a bushel for hauling, and sold it at
same price; entered land from govern
ment; owns 127 acres; married Ellen
Newton, July 20, 1851 ; she was from Che
nango Co., N.Y.; born Dec. 26, 1833 ; they
have three children, Wilber N., born June
11, 1853; Harley W., Feb. 15, 1856; Flor
ence E., Jan. 17, 1868 ; parents were early
settlers here and are both dead.
Cunningham Chauncy ,farm ; P.O. Belvidere.
Cunningham H. farm ; S. 26 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Cunningham H. C. farmer; Sec. 24; P.O.
Belvidere.
Cunningham H. farm ; S. 26 ; P.O. Belvidere.
•Cushman H. H. farm; 8.25; P.O. Belvidere.

D

AWSON HERBERT, Sec. 26; P. O.
Belvidere.
"DEAN EDWIN; Farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P.
O. Belvidere; born in Oxford Co., Maine,
Jan. 16, 1821 ; lived in that State 22 years;
removed to Illinois, Boone Co., Oct. 22,
1813, and has lived here 34 years; one of
the early settlers, only few here now who
were here when he came ; used to haul
grain to Chicago, and has sold winter
wheat at three shillings per bushel ;; owns
farm of 180 acres ; entered part of farm
from government; has held offices of
Road Commissioner and School Director
for some years; married Rebecca B. Low,
of Guilford, Maine, April, 1843; have four
children, Orville E., was in army, in 15th
Regt, I. V. I. ; Henry E., lives in Minne
sota; Clarissa E. ; and William E., study
ing law in Iowa City.
"DEAN ORVILLE E. Farmer; Sec*
35; P. 0. Belvidere; born in Boone Co.,
Jan. 17, 1814, and has lived in this Co. 33
years, except 4 years he lived in State of
Missouri ; was in the army, in 15th Regt.
I. V. I., Co. B, the first company raised in
Boone Co. ; was in the battle of Shiloh, and
discharged on account of sickness ; enlist
ed again in 142d Regt. I. V. I., Co. C; has
held offices of School Director and Con
stable; owns farm of 78 acres; married
Miss Huldah L. Crosby, of New York,
Dec. 5, 1866; they have three children,
Stella L., Ina L., and baby; have lost two
children, Wyatt O., and Almeda.
Dean Thos. farmer; Sec. 34; P.O. Belvidere.
DECOSTA JACOB, Farmer; Sec.
21; P. O. Belvidere; born in Oxford Co.,
Maine, July 6, 1811; he lived in Maine
and Massachusetts about 55 years ; was en
gaged in making Boots and Shoes in Mass.,
about 10 years ; removed to Illinois, Boone
Co., in 1866; owns farm of 40 acres; mar
ried Miss Selina Record, from Oxford Co..
Maine, in Feb., 1836 ; they have five chil

dren, Mrs. Mary C. Allen, Mrs. Sylvira
J. Farrar, William Henry, Mrs. Azubah
E. Albright, Mrs. Malzena Allen; lost
three daughters in Maine.
DELAVERGNE GEO. W. Farm.
er; Sec. 22; P. O. Belvidere; born iu Jef- "
ferson Co., N. Y., Feb. 17, 1828; lived in
New York State 40 years, engaged in
Farming; came to Boone Co. in March,
1868; has lived here 10 years, engaged in
Farming; owns farm of 60 acres; has
held office of Overseer of Roads; married
Miss Roxey A. Clark, Oct. 14, 1865 ; she
was born in Jefferson Co., N. Y., June 6,
1843 ; they have two children, Clark, born
March 11, 1866; Esther, June 14, 1868.
DELAVERGNE HUSTED, .
Farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Belvidere; born in
Herkimer Co., N. Y., April 18, 1820; re
moved to Jefferson Co., and lived there
until 1869 ; came to Boone Co., 111., and
has lived here 8 years; married Sarah
• Wescott, of Vermont, in 1852; they have
one adopted child, Franklin, born Sept.
14,1853; came to this • Co. in 1869, and
has lived here since; owns mrin of 80
acres ; married Miss' Clarissa Ellen Dean,
of this town and county, Sept. 21, 1874;
thay have one child, daughter, Myra E.,
born November, 1875.
Dixon G. R. farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. Belvidere. •
Dixon_ Jas. farmer ; Sec. 4; P. O. Belvidere.
Dixon F. W. farmer; Sec. 4; P.O. Belvidere.
Donnelley E. J. farmer; P.O. Cherry Valley.
Draper I. V. farmer: Sec. 3; P. O. Belvidere.
Drummond S. L. farmer; Sec. 18.

E

DWARDS HENRY, farmer.

Euckson P. laborer; Sec. 7.
Erwin R. A. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
FAKE GEO. H. farmer; Sec. 7; P. 0. I
Cherry Valley.
Fake J. H. farm ; Sec. 7 ; P.O. Cherry Valley. ¦
FANCHER G. W. Farmer; Sec. 8;
P. O. Cherry Valley; born in Warren Co.,
N. Y., June 3, 1820.; lived there 31 years,
came to this State, to' Cherry Valley, in
1851; is a Carpenter by trade; married
Sarah Adams, of Washington Co., N. Y.;
she died in 1854; they had three children,
Cynthia, Sarah and Mary ; married Maria
R. Edson, from Ashfield, Mass., June 8,
1855 ; they have two children, Lily May,
born March 6, 1865 ; Eugene, Nov. 28, 1867.
*Farley Thos. farm ; S. 29 ; P.O. Cherry Valley. |
Fitzgerald P. farm; Sec. 21; P.O. Belvidere.
FOOTE ELI, Fanner; Sec. 11; P.O.
Belvidere ; born in Chenango Co., N. Y.,
Oct. 18, 1822; lived there 22 years; came
to Illinois, to Belvidere, Oct. 17, 1844;
came by carnage most of the way; snowed
very hard the night they arrived, also the
next day ; has lived here 33 years ; usedMo

FLOBA TOWNSHIP.

393

cart his grain to Chicago, and has sold
wheat at 50 cts. a bushel ; owns farm of
80 acres ; has held office of Town Treasurer
of the School Fund ; married Julia A.
Milmine, formerly Miss Julia A. Bentley,
of Aurora, N. Y., Sept. 19, 1871; she had
two children, Willie A. and Helen L.
Fowler h. farmer ; Sec. 13 ; P. O. Belvidere.i
Fox Geo. Sec. 32; P. O. Belvidere. \
French D. C. farm; Sec. 14; P.O. Belvidere.
Frint N. H. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Fuller D. A. farm ; 8. 6 ; P.O. Cherry Valley. .
Fuller G. farm; Sec. 6; P. O. Cheny Valley.
•FULLER S. Farmer; Sec. 6; P. O.
Cherry Valley; born in Bennington Co.,
Vt., July 8, 1817: lived there 18 years;
removed to N. Y. State ; came to Illinois,
Boone Co., in 1846, and has lived here 32
years ; used to cart his grain to Chicago,
and has sold wheat for 30c to 40c per
bushel ; owns farm of 240 acres ; has held
offices of Justice of the Peace, Road Com
missioner, School Trustee and School Di
rector; married Eliza A. Mordoff, from
Wyoming Co , N. Y. ; have five children,
James A., of Rockford; George N., Chas.
E., Dufay A., Mrs. Mary Stockwell ; Geo.
N. was born Oct. 14, 1845 ; manied Miss
R. E. Mason, from Dayton, Ohio, March
23, 1873; she died in December, 1875; D.
A. Fuller was born Feb. 21, 1852; manied
Miss Jennie Robinson, of Cherry Valley,
March 24, 1875 ; he holds office of Justice
of Peace.
GATES D. W. farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. O. Bel-'
videre. !*•-(,
GRAVES ANDREW J. Farmer >
Sec. 27; P. O. Belvidere; born in Guilford,
Piscataquis Co., Me., Nov. 23, 1831 ; lived
there 13 years, and came to Boone Co.,
town of Flora, in October, 1845, and has
- lived here 32 years ; among the early set
tlers, not many here now who were here
then ; he carted grain to Chicago before
any cash market here ; owns 79 acres land ;
has held offices of School Director and
Overseer of Roads : married Miss Lydia
Rice, from State of New York, Feb., 1854;
have five children, Washington Irving,
Julius Albert, Howard Wilber, Mary Jose
phine, Eugene Carlton.
Graves Geo. H. farmer, i
Graves Irving W. farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
GRAVES SAMUEL, S. Farmer;'
Sec. 26; P. O. Belvidere; born in Hancock
Co., Me., Feb. 28, 1806; lived in that State
39 years;, cskne to Boone Co., town of
Flora, Oct. 3, 1845, and lives on same farm,
40 acres, he entered from government ; it
was most all government land around here
then; used to cart his grain to Chicago,
and sold wheat for 90c per bushel when
his neighbors only got 70c ; married Han
nah Young, from Somerset Co., Me., Aug.

28, 1830; they have had five children, An
drew Jackson, Helen M. Ward, Theodore
W., was in army, Co. I, 9th I. V. O, died
at Lagrange, Tenn.; George H., was in
army, Co. B, 15th I. V. I., was in battles of
Pittsburg Landing, Corinth and others;
Huldah J. and Julia.
Green G. C. farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Belvidere. j
Greemmon G.H. farm^ S. 23; P.O.Belvidere.
GRIGGS CALVIN, Fanner; Sec. .
34; P. O. Cherry Valley; born in Oneida
Co., N. Y., Feb. 25, 1816 ; moved to Indiana '
at an early age ; came to this State about
the year 1826, and has lived in this State
over 50 years; came to Cherry Valley, Au.
gust, 1835; has lived in this vicinity over
42 years; there were plenty of Indians
when he came ; only very few now living
who were here when he came ; no improve
ments of any kind, and only one house in
Rockford; used'to pound corn in a mortar
and pestle from a hole burned ina log;
used to grind wheat and buckwheat in a
coffee-mill ; used to go to Ottawa, 70 miles,
to mill; carted grain to Chicago, sold
wheat for 40c per bushel, no market for it
here; has paid $3 a bushel for spring
wheat; he made the first beef barrel ever
made in this Co., in 1835, hewed out of a
log, has it in his possession now ; he has
counted 43 deer at one time from the mound
east of Cherry Valley; owns 259 acres
land; married Hannah Smith, of Ohio,
April 2, 1844; have nine cllildren, Maria,
Joseph, Daniel, George, Lucy, Eli, Wil
liam, Fred, Mary; Joseph P. Griggs,
falher of above, was one of the earliest
pioneers of the West; born 1789 and died
in 1845.
GRIGGS HORACE, Farmer; Sec.
20; P.O. Cherry Valley; born in Terre
Haute, Ind., Dec. 26, 1825 ; came to Illinois
in August, 1835, to Cherry Valley, Winne
bago Co., and has lived here over 42 years,
and is the only settler here now who was
here when he came; used to pound corn
with an old pestle made out of iron wood,
42 years ago, and has it in his possession
yet ; the mortar was a log with a hole
burned in the end of it; he used to haul
grain to Chicago. />.
GRIGGS LANDON, Farmer; Sec. .
21; P.O. Cherry Valley; born in Prince
ton, Ind., May 25, 1820; came to Cherry
Valley, Winnebago Co., in August, 1835,.
and has lived in this vicinity over 41 years;
one of the oldest settlers ; there were plen
ty of Indians, and only one liouse in Rock
ford when he came ; they used to grind
their buckwheat in a coffee-mill, and
pound corn in a mortar made in the end
of a log; used to cart grain to Chicago,
and has sold wheat at 40c a bushel ; has
held offices of School Director and Road
Master ; owns farm of 80 acres ; married
Martha Smith, of Cuyahoga Co.,yOhio, in
Dec'., 1844 ; they have two children, Sarah

394

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY:

L., born June 5, 1858 ; Nancy Maria, May
20, I860; have lost two children, Charles
W., was in the navy during the war, was
on the monitor Osage, and died in Mem-
phis, Tenn.
Groff A. F. carpenter; S. 36; P.O. Belvidere.
Grummons G. H. farm; P.O. Cherry Valley .i
Grummons H. B. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O.
Cherry Valley.
Grummons S. L. farm ; P. O. Cherry Valley j
HALE JAS. farmer; Sec. 13; P.O.Bel
videre.
Halej Wallace, farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
HALL F. I. County Clerk; Sec. 23;.
P. O. Belvidere; born Monroe Co., N. Y.,
May 22, 1»36; lived in that State eight
years; removed to Walworth Co., Wis., in
1844 ; lived there twenty-two years ; came
to Boone Co., town of Flora, 1866 ; owns
farm of 70 acres ; has held office of Super
intendent of Schools; held office of Super
visor for some years, and School Trustee;
is Master of the Flora Grange, also Master
of the Boone Co. Grange; is President of
Flora Vigilant Society, organized in 1873 ;
received the appointment of County Clerk
of Boone Co. by Board of Supervisors, in
March, 1877; married Miss Abbie M.
Lovett, from Maine, in March, 1858; they
have four children: Fred, born Feb. 4,
1859; Addie M., Sept. 23, 1866; Emily R.,
Aug. 3, 1872; Mark, March 22, 1875. "
Halquist Chas.
Hannah Thos. farm ; Sec.ll ; P.O. Belvidere./
Hawkey R. fanner; Sec. 31.
Holmes Chas. farmer; Sec. 20.
Hovey F. H. farm; Sec. 22; P. O. Belvidere.'
• HOWARD A. Farmer; Sec. 5; P. O.
Belvidere; born Chenango Co., N. Y.,
Sept.. 24, 1824 ; lived there 10 years, and
lived in Madison Co. 15 years ; removed to
111., to Boone Co., and has lived here
27 years, on the same farm he first bought;
owns farm of 200 acres ; has held office of
Assessor of this town, also Road Commis
sioner ; married Miss Lavina Sexton, from
Earlville, Chenango Co., N. Y., Jan. 24,
1848 ; they have live children, two sons
and three daughters : Emory L., Frank L.,
Addie I., Adelia J., Gertrude J. ; lost two
daughters : Eva R. and Ida.
• Howard A. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Belvidere.
Howard Frank L. farmer: Sec. 5; P. O.
Cherry Valley.
RISH D. farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Belvi-
dere.

I

JARVIS JAMES, farmer; Sec. 8; P. Of,
J Belvidere.
Jenkins Chas. P. O. Belvidere.
'JENKS ALONZO M. Farmer; Sec.
6; P.O. Cherry Valley; born in Covington,
Genesee Co., N. Y., March 7, 1818; lived

there and in Wyoming Co. about 24 years ;
came to Boone Co., 111., Nov. 18, 1842;
came by lake and cars to Ann Arbor
Mich., and walked from there ; has lived
here 36 years ; only few persons here now
that were here when he came ; could go to
Belvidere and not see a fence, also for
eight miles south ; carted grain to Chicago
for ten years after coming here; was thir
teen days making one trip to and from
Chicago ; has sold wheat at 45c a bushel ;
owns 244 acres land: 400 acres in Iowa;
entered 80 acres from government; mar
ried first, Mary M. White, from N. Y., in
1842; she died in 1855; two children;
married Abbie Ann Fuller, of Washing
ton, Co., N. Y., in Jan., 1856 ; two children
by first wife : Frank S. and Mrs. Marion
A. Lake| of Story Co., Iowa ; lost two chil
dren.
JOHANSSON C. Farmer; Sec. 31; «
P. O. Cherry Valley; born March 7,
1845; came to this country in 1869;
came to 111., to Winnebago Co., same vear;
lived there four years, and came to Boone
Co. in 1873 ; owns farm 40 acres ; married
Hannah Johansson, from Sweden, April
4, 1869; they have two children: Lottie,
born Sept. 20, 1871 ; Gustavus, June 8,
1875. A. G. Johansson, brother of the
above, was born in Sweden, Nov. 26, 1851 ;
lived there 21 years and came to this
country in 1872; came to Cherry Valley;
came to Boone Co. in 1876.
Johnson O. farmer; Sec. 20.
Jordan E. T. farmer ; Sec. 29.
Jordan J. R. fanner; Sec. 30.
Jordan T. S. farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Cherry
Valley.
Jordan W. E. farmer; Sec. 19.
Jordan Z. larm; 8. 24; P. O. Cherry Valley.
KELLEY DENNIS, farmer; Sec. 13;
P. O. Belvidere.
Kelley John, farmer; P. O. Cherry Valley.
KEATOR GEO. T. Farmer; Sec. 9;
P.O. Belvidere ; born BinghamptOD, N.Y.,
June 27, 1844; removed to Penn. at an
early age; lived there until eighteen years
of age; returned to Binghampton and
lived there 5 years; came to 111., to Boone
Co., in 1869; has lived here eight years;
owns farm oi 80 acres; marritd Miss
¦ Emma P. Dodge, of Binghampton, N. Y.,
April 15, 1869 ; she graduated there, and
taught school for four years; they have
one child (son), William Albert, born in
February, 1870.
Keith A. J. farmer; Sec. 31.
KEITH LEWIS, Farmer; Sec. 31;
P. O. Cherry Valley; born Morgan Co.,
O., May 2, 1826 ; lived in that State for 9
years ; went to Indiana in 1835 ; then re
moved to 111., to DeKalb Co.. which was
not then surveyed (March, 1837) ; has lived

EtOEA TOWNSHIP.

395

in this vicinity over forty years ; no im
provements of any kind when he came ;
his, uncle and grandfather were on the first
jury ever drawn in Rockford; he then
carted grain to Chicago ; no market for it
here ; scld a great deal of wheat at 31c a
bushel ; owns 1,400 acres of land in this
vicinity and 1,000 in Iowa ; his first wife
was Catherine Brown, from Ohio ; she died
in 1862; had three children: Lewis W.,
Luther L., Roswell C. ; married Miss
Louisa M. Farley, from Ohio, in 1864; she
was born Feb. 2, 1840; they have two chil
dren : Julia Florence, born July 14, 1869 ;
Estella, born March 31, 1871.
KING ORIGIN, Farmer; Sec. 22;,
P. O. Belvidere ; born in Tioga Co., N. Y.,
..May 8, 1833; lived in that State 24 years,
and was engaged in brick making; came
to Boone Co., 111., in 1856, and has. lived
here ever since, 21 years; owns 40 acres
land; has held offices of Town Collector of
Flora and School Director ; married Han
nah Ai Loring, from Tioga Co., N. Y.,
March, 1861;, she died December, 1862;
they had one son, Ernest L. ; married
Amanda Hastings, of Belvidere, March 18,
1875 ; she was from Vermont.
KINGSBURY DANIEL B. Farm- •
er; Sec. 34; P. O. Cherry Valley ; born De
Kalb Co., 111., Oct. 20, 1850, aud lived
there until 1876 — 26 years; his parents
were early settlers, came there 37 years
ago ; only one house between his father's
and Belvidere when they came ; has held
office of Town Collector; owns farm of 22
acres; married Miss Elvira Dean, from
DeKalb Co., Jan. 27, 1870; she died Aug.
20, 1875 ; he married Miss Laura Young,
from DeKalb Co., Jan. 17, 1877 ; he had
two children by first wife: Frank Leslie
and Myrtie Alvira.
Koch G. W. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
LAMBERT A. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Bel
videre.
Lambert J. C. farm ; Sec. 26 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Lane M. farmer; Sec. 15; P. O. Belvidere/
Leonhart C. farmer; Sec. 10; P.O. Belvidere.
JLEAMAN GEO. Farmer; Sec. 29;
P. O. Cherry Valley ; born in Licking Co.,
O., July -5, 1820; lived there 23 years;
came to 111., Boone Co., in September,
1843, and has lived here 34 years ; only a
few here now that were here when he
came ; he is a carpenter and joiner, and
worked at his trade 15 years ; is engaged
in farming, and owns farm of 110 acres ;
has never had a lawsuit; has held office of
Path Master, and is now School Director;
married Deborah Bennett, Jan. 1, 1846;
she was burn in State of-N. Y., 1826; have
seven children, two girls and five boys:
Charles W., Charlotte, Silas, Frances,
Mary, Willie, Freddie; lost two daughters.
Leainan 8. farm; S. 29; P.O. Cherry Valley.

'LEE "WILLIAM, Farmer; Sec. 33;
P. O. Cherry Valiey ; born Clearfield Co.,
Penn., Dec. 3, 1823; lived in Penn. 20
years; came to Boone Co., August, 1844;
has lived here over 33 years; only few
here that were here when he came ; there
. were no fences between here and Belvi
dere; used to haul his grain to Chicago,
and 56c was the highest price he ever got
for winter wheat iu Chicago ; he entered
the landon which he now lives from the
government ; owns farauof 160 acres ; has
held offices of Road Commissioner and
School Director lor some years; married
Miss Rebecca McKee, from Penn., in
1843; she died in 1865; they had four
children : Thos. M., Mary O, Joseph B.,
and Miller_D. ; married Miss Harriet Tay
lor, May 1,~1866 ; she was from Noble Co.,
O., and born Jan. 30, 1843; they have two
children : Emory U. and Oscar E.
Lincoln E. N. farm ; Sec. 3 ; P. O. Belvidere. ,
LINCOLN JEDEDIAH, Retired;
Sec. 2; P. O. Belvidere; born Middlesex ,
Co., Conn., Oct. 28, 1805; lived in that
State 25 years ; lived in Dunkirk and Erie
about 8 years, and came by team to Boone
Co., Feb., 1839 ; was three weeks on the
way ; has lived here 38 years ; one of the
earliest settlers here; very few here in this
town that were here when he came ; used
to cart his grain to Chicago; no cash
market here then ; owns farm of 20 acres;
his first wife was Mary Belden, of Conn. ;
one child, Mrs. Mary B. Gillette, of Kan
sas; his present wife was Miss Mary
Nichols, of Chautauqua Co., N. Y.; they
were married Sept. 26, 1836 ; she|was born
Chenango Co., N. Y., July 6, 1812 ; they
had five children: (Phoebe E., born in
Erie; Oscar J., born Boone Co., lives in
Iowa; Edgar N., born Boone Co.; Mrs:
Alice N. Sism, born Boone Co., lives in
Iowa; William P., born Boone Co., lives
in Iowa; Phineas Nichols, father of Mrs.
Lincoln, came here at an early day and
bought large tracts of land, and divided
among his children; has owned 350 acres
of land and has divided it among his chil
dren, and now only owns 20 acres.
Longreen J. laborer ; Sec. 7; P. O. Cherry
Valley.
LUCAS O. F. Farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. '
Belvidere ; born Boone Co., town of Flora,
Nov. 9, 1840; has lived in this Co. 37
years, except 3 years he lived in De Kalb
Co. ; he owns farm of 71 acres ; he married
Miss Almira Lawion, at Fort Scott, Kan.,
Jan. 13, 1862; she was from Potter Co.,
Penn. ; born March 14, 1842 ; she came to
Boone Co. in 1855, and from there removed
to Kansas; they have one son, Wilmar H.,
born in this town-, July 15, 1863; Horace
and Elizabeth Lucas, parents of Walter
and O. F. Lucas, cam6 to Boone Co. from
Ind. in 1841 ; he died July 26, 1852 ; Mrs.
Lucas is still living in Belvidere; they

396

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBYJ

had five children : Walter, born June 7,
1839; Oscar F., Nov. 9,1840; Catherine
E., Dec. 17, 1844; Olive, Feb. 26, 1847;
Moses, June 23, 1849.
LUCAS WALTER, Farmer; Sec. 25;.
P. O. Belvidere; born town of Flora, June
27, 1839, and has lived in this town for 38
years ; is the oldest person now living here
that was born in this town ; has held offices
of Justice of the Peace and Assessor of
this town ; owns farm of 30 acres; married
Miss Edna CuShman, March 11, 1862; she
and her husband were both born in the
same house, her birthday being Feb. 15,
1837 ; they have two children : Myra, born
April 14, 1863; Earl, June 16,1873; the
parents of both Mr. and Mrs. Lucas were
among the earliest settlers of Boone Co.
McCHESSNEY JOHN, farmer; P. O.
Cherry Valley.
McCartney ad dis on s.
Farmer; Sec. 33; P.O. Belvidere; born in
Bedford Co., Penn., Feb. 6, 1845; lived
there about 12 years, and came to Boone
Co. in 1857 ; has lived here 20 years ; en
gaged in farming and stock raising; owns
farm 160 acres ; his mother, Mrs. JanejMc-
Cartney, is living with him; his father,
John McCartney, died Feb. 18, 1871 ; they
were from Bedford Co., Penn. ; came to
this Co. in 1857.
McGee J. L. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
McKEE SAMUEL, Farmer; Sec. 32;
P. O. Cherry Valley; born Washington
Co., Pennt, March 17, 1814; lived in that
Stale 32 years, and came to HI., Boone
Co., June 24, 1846; has lived here over 31
years ; only two small fences between his
house and Belvidere; used to cart his
grain to Chicago and St. Charles ; owns
175 acres land; has held offices of Collec
tor, Assessor, Overseer of Poor, and Road
Commissioner ; was appointed Supervisor ;
married Elizabeth Neff, from Washing
ton Co., Penn., Nov. 11, 1835; they have
eight children: Jonathan N., Thomas,
John O, Milton, Carrie E., Mrs. Martha
E. Neff, Mrs. Mary J. Koch, Mrs. Sarah J.
Eustis, of Iowa; Alfred, died of disease
contracted in arrny ; was in lU5th I. V. I.
McMann Geo. laborer; S. 22; P.O.Belvidere.
Mackey L. farmer ; P. O. Cherry Valley.
Mackey T. farmer; P. O. Cherry Valley.
MACCONNOUGHEY OTIS,
Farmer; See. 22; P. O. Belvidere; born in
Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, Oct. 4, 1819 ; lived
there about 30 years, and came to this
' State, Boone Co.; no improvements on
prairie at that time ; only few here that
were here when he came ; owns farm of
100 acres,and property at Cherry Valley and
Capron ; has held office Path Master; mar
ried Laura Ann Stevens, from Jefferson Co.,
N. Y., January, 1854; she came to Boone
Co. two years after her husband came;

they have five children: Ira, George,
Charles, Annie, Myra, lost three children
two sons and one daughter.
Magee J. L. tanner; Sec. 24; P.O. Belvidere.
MAGEE GARRET, Farmer; Sec. 14; «
P.O.Belvidere; born in Albany Co N
Y., March 11, 1848; lived in that State 19
years in same county and same district;
came to Boone Co. in 1867, and has lived
here 10 vears; engaged in farming and
stock raising; owns 60 acres land; has
held office ofRoad Master ; married Ardelia
Hersey, from this Co. and town, Nov. 18,
1869 ; they have one child, son, Wentworth
Magee, born Oct. 2, 1872.
MARE AN ALONZO, Farm and
Dairy; Sec. 11; P. O. Belvidere; born in
Broome Co., N. Y., Sept. 25, 1822; lived
there 24 years, and came to Illinois, Boone
Co., March 4, 1846 ; came by team from
New York State, and was 22 days making
the trip ; has lived here 31 years ; was en
gaged in teaming from Chicago to Galena;
owns 170 acres land ; has carted winter
wheat to Chicago and sold for 60 cts. a
bushel ; has held offices of School Director
and Road Master ; married Statira Robin
son, Me., Oct. 1, 1855 ; they have four chil
dren : Jennie, John E., Clara, Fred. A.
Meehan John, P. O. Belvidere.
Meeker A. A. farm ; S. 8 ; P.O.Cherry Valley, t
Minar Christopher, P. O. Belvidere.
Mitchell T. laborer ; Sec. 5.
Money Chas. farmer; Sec. 13 ; P.O.Belvidere.
Mornessey James, Sec. 19.
Moore Frank, farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
Moore Samuel, farmer; P.O. Belvidere.
MOREHEAD WM. Farmer ; Sec. 20 ;
P. O. Cherry Valley; born North of Ire
land, May 27, 1827; lived there 20 years,
and came to this country in 1847; went to
State of New York and lived there 5 years ;
came to Boone Co. in 1852, and has lived
here 25 years ; owns 1(50 acres land ; has
held offices of Road Master and School
Director; married Margaret Gibson, from
County Armagh, Ireland, in 1852; they
have five children, three sons, two daugh
ters : Mary Jane, Annie, William J., Hen
ry, Frank.
Morrissey Jas. farmer; Sec. 8; P.O.Belvidere.
Moss Judson, farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
«MUNN ALFRED, Farmer; Sec. 12;
P.O. Belvidere; bornin Oneida Co., N.
Y., Nov. 5, 1828; lived in that State 25
years, then came to Illinois, Boone Co., in
1853, and has lived here 24 years ; owns
farm 132 acres ; has held office of School
Director ; married Alvira Knapp, of Oneida
Co., N. Y., in 1848 ; she died Aug. 14, 1866 ;
married Rhoda Spinning, from Oneida
Co., N. Y., Feb., 1867; they have thsee.
children: Frank, John and Alice; have
lost two children.

ELOBA TOWNSHIP.

397

MUNN FRANK E. Proprietor Flora
Creamery; Sec. 12; P. O. Belvidere; born
Oneida Co., N. Y., June 30, 1851 ; removed
to Boone Co., 111., at an early age, and has
lived here 24 years; he established the
Creamery in 1876, and makes from 500 to
1,000 pounds a week during the year,
which has already reached a high reputa
tion, all of his butter being shipped to the
St. Louis market, commanding the high
est market price ; he was awarded the first
premium of $100 at the St. Louis Exposi
tion Fair in 1876 ; he has held office of
School Director ; married Miss Julia Spin
ning, N. Y., Sept., 1873.
Munn G. farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Belvidere.
Munn John, P. O. Belvidere.
Munn Wm. H. fanner: P.O. Belvidere.
Myres W. farm ; Sec. 20 ; P.O.Cherry Valley.
NAUMAN CHARLES A. laborer; Sec.
30.
Neff J. farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P. O.'Belvidere. ,
NEFF MARTIN B. Fanner; Sec. 27 ;#
P. O. Belvidere; born in Blair Co.,tPenn.,
""" Oct. 31, 1842; lived there 19 years, and
came to Boone Co. in 1861, and has lived
here 15 years; owns farm of 80 acres; has
held office of Town Collector, and has been
School Director for 12 years ; married Miss
Martha McKee, of this town and Co. ;
they have five children: Zilda, Mary, Ber
nice, Gertie, Wallace.
Nelson J. laborer; Sec. 25; P. O. Belvidere.
NORTON E. C. Attorney; Sec. 25 ;.
P. O. Belvidere ; born in Flora, April 7,
1844; he has lived in this Co. thirty-three
years; only few native born now living
here older than he ; he studied law, and
has been engaged in practicing his pro-
. fession in Belvidere some years; is of the
firm of Norton & Speckman, Belvidere ;
married Miss Abbie J, Eggleston, from
New Lebanon, N. Y., Jan. 23, 1&68; they
have two children, Carrie E., born Dec.
31, 1871 ; Robbie G., Dec. 10, 1873.
• Norton J. G. farmer; Sec.25; P.O.Relvidere.
Norton 8. H. farm ; Sec. 25 ; P. O. Belvidere/
/^VBEBHAUSER H. W. Sec. 9."
OAKS ELDRIDGE G. Farmer;*
Sec. 21 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in Piscat
aquis Co., Maine, Aug. 19, 1812; lived
there 33 years ; came to Illinois, to Boone
Co., in 1845, and has lived here over 32
years ; only one house between here and
Belvidere when they came; he has raised
wheat and sold it for 30 cents per bushel ;
has held office Sehool Director; he pre
empted his farm, on which he lives, from
Government; married Liberty Leighton,
from Kennebec, Maine, in June, 1832;
they have four children living, Cyrus,
' Marshall, John F., Abbie; lost two girls,
Susan and Amy^

OAKS' JOHN F. Farmer; Sec. 22; •
P. O. Belvidere; born in Piscataquis Co.,
Maine, Nov. 7, 1839; lived there until
7 years of age; removed to Boone Co., 111.,
and has lived here over 30 years;. he has
been engaged in threshing for past 20
years ; commenced when 18 years of age ;
has held office of Constable ; owns farm
of 80 acres of land; married Miss Olivia
Wattles, of this Co., in 1867 ; she died in
• 1869; married Miss Maria H. Lans, in
Iowa, in December, 1875 ; she was from
state of Indiana.
Oaks M. W. farmer; Sec. 21; P.O. Belvidere. ,
Ongrin A. laborer; Sec. 30; P. O. Belvidere.
PATTERSON EUGENE C. Sec. 2; P.
O. Belvidere.
PAINE B. F. Farmer; Sec. 31; P. O.
Belvidere; born in Orleans Co., N. Y.,
Nov. 20, 1820; lived in New York 11
years; moved to Erie Co., Penn.; lived
there 13 years ; came to this state July 3,
1845, to Boone Co., and has lived here over
32 years; engaged in farming; owns
farm of 40 acres of land ; has held office
of Assessor of Flora, also office of Col
lector, and has held office of Town Treas
urer 5 years and Town Clerk 7 years;
married Amanda M. Hovey, from Broome
Co., New York, July 4, 1855 ; they have
one son, Charles A., born Nov. 8, 1859.
PARTLOW DANIEL, Farmer;
Sec. 11; P. O. Belvidere; born near Free-
port, 111., Jan. 19, 1848 ; removed to Wis
consin at an early age, and from there to
state of Iowa, where he lived 4 or 5 years ;
returned to Boone Co. in 1862, and has
lived here 15 years; married Miss Delia
Norcross, of Glens Falls, New York,
December, 1869 ; they have three children,
two sons and one daughter, Charlie,
Frank and Nellie.
Patterson J. H. farm ; Sec. 2 ; P.O. Belvidere. Cf>
Peel J. farmer; Sec. 15; P. O. Cherry Valley.
Perrin N. M. laborer; Sec.20 ; P.O.Belvidere.
Perry H. farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Belvidere.
Peny Ozias, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Philbrick H. A. farm ; S.14; P. O. Belvidere. .
Philbrick II. W. farm; S.14; P. O. Belvidere.
Pierce Frank P. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Pike C. W. farmer; P. O. Cherry Valley.
PIKE CHAS. W., Sec. 5; of the
firm of Pike & Compton, was born in
Piscataquis Co., Maine, Sept. 5, 1835;
came to Illinois, to Boone Co., Dec. 31,
1854, and has lived here twenty-three years.
PRIEST GEORGE W. Farmer;
Sec. 6; P. O. Cherry Valley; born in
Madison, Oneida Co., New York, Oct.
14, 1851 ; removed to Cherry Valley, Win
nebago Co., when 4 years of age ; removed
to Boone Co. in 1875; has 151 acres of
land, and is interested" largely in culti
vating broom corn; married Miss Flor-

398

BOONE COUNTY DIEECTOBYt

R

ence Mackey, daughter of Hugh Mackey,
Esq., one of the oldest settlers of Cherry
Valley ; they have one child, Edna Priest,
born Aug. 15, 1874.
Pryor Robert, P. O. Belvidere.
ANDALL ALBERT, farmer; Sec. 24;
P. O. Belvidere.
Randall H. farmer; Sec. 15; P. O. Belvidere. y
ROACH "WILLIAM, Farmer; Sec.
33; P. O. Cherry Valley; born in Ohio,
Oct. 12, 1849 ; lived in that state 14 years ;
removed to Illinois, to Boone Co., . in
1865, and has lived here 12 years; he owns
farm of 56 acres in DeKalb Co.; married
Miss Ella E. Witter, from this town and
Co., in Aug., 1871 ; they have two chil
dren, Ida May, Estella. •
Robbins H. farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. O. Belvidere.
ROBINSON A. M. Farmer: Sec. 23;
P. O. Belvidere; born Cumberland Co.,
Maine, May 3, 1809 ; removed to Boone Co.
in 1844; came by team, and was 8 weeks
on the way ; has lived here 33 years ; among
the early settlers ; used to haul his grain to
Chicago ; married Zophira Cochran, from
Maine, in 1837 •. she died 1854; married
Susan Whitney, of Maine, in 1855; had
seven children: Samuel, born in Maine;
James G., born Maine, was in army, 1st
Colorado Cavalry, 3 years; William, born
Maine ; Fred A., born Maine, was in army,
9th 111. Cav., died at Helena, Ark.; Walter
A., born Boone Co. ; Arthur P., born Boone
Co. ; Frank, born Boone Co. ; Nathan Whit
ney, son of Mrs. Whitney, enlisted in
Dresser's Battery, and was wounded at
Holly Springs, was in battles of Ft. Don-
nelson, Ft. Henry, Pittsburg Landing and
Corinth. Samuel Robinson was born in
Piscataquis Co., Me., Dec. 29, 1836 ; came
to Booue Co. 1844, and has lived here 33
years; owns 115 acres laDd; married Miss
Sarah Cochran, of this Co., Nov. 3, 1869 ;
she died Jan. 21, 1875 ; they had one child,
died in infancy.
ROBINSON A. W. Farmer; Sec. 14;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Piscataquis Co.,
Me., Oct. 7,1830; lived in Mainell years,
and came to Boone Co., town of Flora,
Oct. 7, 1841 ; came by team 1,600 miles,
and was 7 weeks coming; there are very
few here now that were here when he
came 36 years ago ; no cash market here
for grain ; used to cart it to Chicago ; he
carted a load of wheat to Chicago when 13
years of age, carried it up two pair of
stairs and sold it for40cts. a bushel; owns
farm of 120 acres ; married Miss Mary
Russell, Jan. 16, 1852; she came to Boone
Co 1835, and is one of the oldest settlers
of this Co. ; her parents used to grind corn
in coffee mill after breaking it up in a
morter, it was so far to go to mill ; they
had two children : Freddie E., born Nov.
28, 1854, died July 23, 1856 ; Lydia Ann,
born May 27, 1857, died Oct. 15, 1858.

Rochime F. farm; S. 7; P. O. Cherry Valley.
Rogers J. B. Sec. 12; P. O. Belvidere.
ROYAL ALLEN S. Farmer; Sec.
34; P. O. Belvidere; born Piscataquis Co.,
Me., Nov. 5, 1820 ; lived there 23 years, and
came to Boone Co. May 9, 1844, and has
lived here over 33 years ; one of few early
settlers in this town now living that were
here when he came ; only one.piece of land
broken between here and Belvidere; he
entered his land from government ; owns
130 acres ; used to haul his grain to Chi
cago before there was any cash market
here ; he used to teach school ; has held
offices Road Commissioner and Overseer
of Poor; he holds office of Justice u\'
Peace; married Miss Lucy J. Robinson,
from Maine, June 2, 1847 ; she was born
Oct. 25, 1828 ; she has been an invalid for
30 years and bed-ridden for past 8 years ;
they have four children : Solon, born Sept.
22, 1849, teaching school ; Leroy, Sept. 26,
1852, lives in Iowa; Tira, June 24, 1855;
Lilian, April 28, 1860.
Russell C. farmer; Sec. 26 ; P.O. Belvidere. |
Ryan'Alb. farm; Sec. 33 ; P.O.Cherry Valley.
Ryan And. farm ; Sec. 33 ; P.O.Cherry Valley.
SAWYER FRANK, farmer; P. O. Belvi-
dere.
Sergeant H. W. farm; S. 34; P.O.Belvidere.
Shannon H. farmer; Sec. 36; P.O.Belvidere.
Shannon P. farmer; Sec. 33; P.O.Belvidere.
Shattuck H. farmer; Sec. 14; P.O.Belvidere. .
SHATTUCK H. Al Farmer ; Sec. 14 ;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Boone Co., town
of Flora, Feb. 18, 1852 ; has lived in this
Co. 25 years ; his father and mother were
among the earliest settlers of this Co. ; his
father used to cart grain and pork to Chi
cago and Milwaukee the nearest markets;
his grandmother is still living, 88 years
old; owns farm of 80 acres; married Miss
Maria Stone, Nov, 19, 1774; she was born
in Wisconsin, June 22, 1853, and came to
this Co.. when 4 years of age; they have
two children : Louis L., born Sept. 4, 1875;
Mathias T., Nov. 19, 1876.
Shipe J. A. laborer; Sec. 30.
Shirley G. B. farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.Belvidere.
SHIRLEY LEWIS, Farmer; Sec. 7;
P. O. Cherry Valley ; born in Morgan Co.,
Ohio, March 1, 1820; lived in Ohio 18
years ; lived in Indiana 2 years ; came to
Illinois, to Winnebago Co., in 1840; re
moved to Boone Co., and has lived here
over 30 years; he has carted his grain to
Chicago and sold wheat at 50 cts. a bushel ;
he pre-empted the farm on which he now
lives from government; he owns 1,500
acres land ; married Miss Lucinda Keith,
from Ohio, Jan., 1842 ; she was one of the
early settlers here ; they have six children,
three sons and three daughters: Silas W.,

stf£a*Ju tf./t/oZO

SPRING TP.

ELOBA TOWNSHIP.

401

George Benjamin, Louis E., Elizabeth,
Lucretia and Jane.
SHIRLEY LEWIS, Jr., Farmer;
Sec. 30; P. O. Cherry Valley; born in In
diana, Jan. .12, 1844; removed to this State
when 3 years of age, to Winnebago Co. ;
went to California in 1859, and was there
3 years ; returned to this State, to Boone
Co., in 1863 ; he has carted hundreds of
loads of grain to Chicago ; has sold wheat
at 43 cts. a bushel ; has seen price of wheat
25 cts. a bushel in trade here ; owns 380
acres land here and 640 acres in Kansas ;
has held offices of School Director and
Road Master ; married Leah Reams, from
Hampshire, Kane Co., 111., in Nov., 1864;
she died Feb. 28^1876 ; has six children:
Celestia, Flora E., Carrie, Gertrude, Ros
well, Bertie.
'SILVIUS HENRY, Farmer; Sec.
36 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in Luzerne Co.,
Penn., Oct. 10, 1822; lived in that State 32
years ; engaged in carpenter business ; came
to Illinois, Boone Co., 1854, and has lived
here 23 years; owns 122 acres land, and 13
in DeKalb Co. ; has held offices of School
Director and Path Master ; married Me
lissa E. Dimmick, from Penn., Sept. 30,
1845 ; they have seven children, six sons
and one daughter : Orrin M., Lyman W.,
Thomas Burr, Urias H., Marion M. C. G.,
Irving H., Ida W.
Smith Thos. farmer; Sec. 10; P.O.Belvidere./
Spencer James, P. O. Belvidere./
Spencer Jos. farmer ; P.O.Cherry Valley.
SPENCER JABEZ I. Farmer; Sec.
28 ; P. O. Cherry Valley ; born Otsego Co.,
N. Y., Oct. 10, 1804; lived in that State 40
years ; came to Boone Co. June 8, 1844,
and has lived here over 33 j'ears: no im
provement here on prairie at that time;
only few here now that were here when he
came ; used to cart his grain to Chicago ;
the last load of wheat hauled there sold at
33 cts. a bushel ; owns 400 acres land ; has
held offices School Director and Road
Master; hewas the first Assessor in the
town of Flora ; married Loraina Thomp
son, from Cherry Vallev, Otsego Co.,N. Y.,
Feb. 8, 1829; she was born Feb. 1, 1813;
, they have had four children: Jabez, was
murdered in Nevada; Addison, died, was
Lieut. 9th Reg. Kansas Cavalry ; Avery,
killed in skirmish wilh Guerrillas on
Spring River; Milton, born Oct. 30, 1836,
only son living.
• Sprague J. farm; 8. 22; P.O.Cherry Valley.
Spoor A. B. farmer; Sec. 36; P.O.Belvidere.
Spoor Charles, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Spoor D. farmer; Sec.24; P. O. Belvidere.
Sutherland J. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Stemborn F. laborer; P. O. Belvidere.
Stiles D., Jr., farmer; Sec.23; P.O. Belvidere.
SWAIL ROBERT., Farmer; Sec. 3;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in Lonqueuil, Can

ada, near Montreal, November 1, 1835-
lived in Canada 24 years; came to the
United States in 1860; came to Illinois,
Boone Co., in same year, and has lived
here 17 years; engaged in farming and
stock raising; has held office of Path
Master; owns 80 acres land; married
Miss Harriet Feakins, in this town, Nov.
27, 1861; she was from Cherrv Valley
Otsego Co., N. Y., born May "19, 1841;
they have 7 children,' Sarah, Ettie, Alice'
Charles F., William O, Mabel, Frank C. ;'
lost one daughter.
Sweeney Cornelius, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Sweeney W. farmer; Sec. 31; P.O. Belvidere.
TAYLOR CHAS. farmer; Sec. 28; P. O.
Belvidere.
TANNER FRANKLIN, Farmer;
Sec. 16; P. O. Belvidere; born in Genesee
Co., N. Y., Sept. 10, 1819; lived there and
in Chautauqua Co. 24 years ; removed to
Illinois, to Boone Co., July, 1843, and has
lived here over 34 years; among the early
settlers here; only few now living who
were here when he came; used to haul
his grain to Chicago with ox teams, there
being no cash market here; all he had
from the sale of one load of wheat after
paying expenses was three dollars and a
half, and a grind stone; owns farm of
120 acres; has held office of Supervisor,
and has held office of School Treasurer
for 21 years; his first wife was Abagail
Wilcox, from N. Y. ; married Sept. 13,
1840; she was born in Conn., 1816, died
June 10, 1874; married Miss Julia Wil
cox, May 31, 1875 ; she was born in Chau
tauqua Co., N. Y., Nov. 19, 1827 ; he has
one adopted son, Albert Tanner, living in
Iowa. Abel and Electa Tanner, parents
of Mr. Tanner, came to this Co. in 1839 ;
were early settlers; have both passed
away.
Tayler J. L. farm ; S. 28 ; P.O. Cherry Valley. ,/
Taylor J. laborer; Sec. 7; P. O. Belvidere.
Taylor W. farm; Sec.28; P.O.Cherry Valley. .
Terry D. laborer; Sec. 8; P. O. Belvidere.
Thomas B< F. farmer: P. O. Cherry Valley.
Thompson J. C. farm ; Sec.5 ; P.O. Belvidere.
THOMPSON JNO. C, Jr., farmer; <-
Sec. 5; P. O. Belvidere; bornin Franklin
Co., Mass., June 14, 1838; removed to
Illinois ; went to Kansas, and lived there
8 years ; was in Government service there ;
returned to Illinois, to Boone Co., in
1874; owns farm of 80 acres; was in the
army, 92d Regt. I. V. I.; married Miss
Elizabeth D. Avery, June, 1874; she was
born in this Co., June 24, 1846; they have
one child, Edward Avery Thompson,
'. born Aug. 20, 1876; they have lost two
children. ,
Thompson N. farm ; Sec. 18 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Thorn S. farmer; Sec.23; P. O. Belvidere. f

402"

BOONE COUNTY DIBECTOEY:

Tripp H. J. farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
Tucker F. W. farm; Sec.12; P. O. Belvidere.
Tucker C. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Belvidere.
Tucker P. H. farm; Sec. 12'; P.O.Belvidere.
Turner Wm. H. farm; S.24; P. O. Belvidere.
UTING J. laborer; Sec. 30; P. O. Bel
videre.

V

A.NDOREN W. H. minister; Sec. 21;
P. O. Belvidere.
Vincent G. A. farm ; Sec. 18 ; P.O. Belvidere.

w

AITE C. G. farmer; Sec. 23; P. O.
Belvidere.
Walker J. M. farmer; P. O. Cherry Valley.
Walsted J. farm ; Sec.7 ; P.O. Cherry Valley.
WEBBER F. S. Farmer; Sec. 26;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in Piscataquis Co.,
Maine, Feb. 21, 1834; lived there 12 years,
and came to Boone Co., 111., with team,
1,500 miles, in September, 1845; was very
little improvement hereon prairie then ;
used to cart grain to Chicago ; owns 110
acres land ; has held office Town Collector
in Ogle Co. ; also Collector for town of
Flora; School Director for ten years; mar
ried Frances Arvilla Watkins, from N. Y.,
May 13, 1857; she was born July, 1838;
they have had two children, Charlie L.,
born June 7, 1864, died Oct. 16, 1873;
Frankie S., May 7, 1865.
Weber A. farmer; Sec. 27; P. O. Belvidere./
Weed Mahlon O. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
WEED W. H. Farmer; Sec. 1; P.
O. Belvidere ; born in Delaware Co., N.
Y., July 18, 1838 ; lived in that State 16
years, and came to Illinois, to Boone Co.,
in 1854, and has lived here 23 years ; is
engaged in Farm and Dairy business;
has held office of Road Master; owns
farm of 160 acres; Mahlon O. Weed,
brother of above, was born in Delaware
Co., N. Y., June 29, 1850; came to this Co.
in 1854; is attending Industrial School, at
Urbana, 111. ; Jas. Weed, father of above,
was born in Delaware Co., N. Y., Feb. 6,
1803, and brought his family here in 1854;
died June 5, 1869; married Abigail Terry,
from Delaware Co., N. Y., in 1837 ; they
had four children, three sons and one
daughter.
Welty J. laborer ; Sec. 30.
Westfall J. T. farmer ; Sec.36 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Wheeler F. farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Belvidere.
Wheeler G. G. farmer; P. O. Cherry Valley.
WHIPPLE W. Farmer; Sec. 10; P.O."
Belvidere ; born iu Herkimer Co., N. Y.,
Feb. 6, 1833 ; lived in that State 34 years ;
came to Illinois, Boone Co., in 1867, and
has lived here 10 years, engaged in Farm

and Dairy business ; owns farm of 80 acres'
the old Barney Smith place, one of the
oldest farms in the Co. ; married Elizabeth
M. Brown, from England, Nov. 14, 1854 ;
they have two children, Jessie F., born
Oct. 2, 1861 ; Clayton C. W., born Sept. 4,
1871 ; lost one son, Russell, born Aug. 2,
1855; he died in 1857.
*Whitney R. E. farm ; Sec. 2 ; P.O. Belvidere. i
WILCOX HENRY A. Farmer; .
Sec. 16; P. O. Belvidere; born in Chau
tauqua Co., N. Y., Dec. 24, 1837; lived
there 7 years, and came to Boone Co. in
1844, and has lived here 33 years, within
three miles of where he now lives ; only
few improvements here then ; runs thresh
ing machine and corn sheller; he has
shelled 100 bushels corn in 22 minutes,
and 840 bushels in 4% hours ; has held
offices of School Director and Overseer
of Roads; owns farm of 24 acres; mar
ried Susan Oaks, from Maine, Oct. 30,
1861; they have six children, Cora E.,
Nathalie, Luella, Mary, Jay, Annette.
•"WILLIAMS JAMES, Farmer; Sec.
2; P. O. Belvidere; born Tioga Co., N. Y.,
June 23d, 1803; lived in that State 41
years, and came to Illinois, to Boone Co.,
in 1844, and has lived here 33 years ; is
engaged in farming; owns farm 150 acres
and 90 acres in De Kalb Co.; he married
Emma Royce, from Tioga Co., N. Y.,
June 19, 1858; she was born Dec. 17, 1820.
'Williams R., farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P.O. Belvidere.
'Wilson J., farmer ; Sec. 29.
Witbeck A. O., farm ; S. 1 ; P. O, Belvidere. %
•WitbeckX. J., farm; S. 10; P.O. Belvidere.
Witter Joseph, farmer ; Cherry Valley.
Witter O. P., farmer; S. 34; P. O. Belvidere.
WITTER "WILLIAM, Farmer; Sec.
28 ; P. O. Cherry Valley ; born in Orange
Co., O., Feb. 21st, 1821 ; lived in that State
18 years, and lived in Mich. 8 years and
came to 111., Boone Co., fall 1843, and has
lived here 34 years ; only little improve
ment here when he came, and not a fence
on the prairie; has carted wheat to Chicago
and got 25c bushel for hauling; he entered
40 acres of the farm on which he now lives
from government; owns 170 acres, and 26
acres timber; has held office School
Director; married Julia Ann Shirley, from
Ohio, Nov. 18, 1846 ; they have three chil
dren, Joseph O, Ellen, Mary A.
Woodman A., farmer; S. 21; P.O. Belvidere./
Worf A.; farmer; Sec. 15; P.O. Belvidere.
Worf John, farmer; Sec. 14; P.O. Belvidere. I
Wright J. M., farmer; S. 13; P.O. Belvidere.
ZUBLER DAVID, Farmer; Sec. 21; P.O.
Cherry Valley.
Zubler Wm. H., fanner; P.O. Cherry Valley.

*f()

Of!

tEBOY TOWNSHIP.

403"

LEROY TOWNSHIP.

ANDERSON ANDREW, farmer; P. O.
Capron.
Anderson Peter, farmer; P. O. Capron.
Ai'dcry J. farm ; Sec.30 ; P.O. Parks Corners.
BAILEY ABRAM, farmer; Sec. 12 ; P. O.
Sharon.
•Bailey J. A. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Sharon.
^Bailey Oliver, farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Bird John, farmer ; P. O. Parks Corners.
Blodgett Alondo, farmer; P.O. Sharon.
Blodgett A. F. farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Blodgett Frank, farmer ; P. O. Sharon.
Blodgett H. J. farmer; P. O. Sharon. «
^Blodgett J. S. farmer; P. O. Sharon.
- Blodgett R. F. farmer; Sec. 22; P.O. Sharon.
Bogardus W..J. farmer; P. O. Capron.
- Bowman Benj. farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Parks
Corners.
Bowman Benj., Jr. farm ; P.O.Parks Corners.
Bowman Elijah, farm; Sec. 20; P. O. Parks
Corners.
Bowman Geo. C. farm ; P.O. Parks Corners.
Bowman T. L. farmer; P.O. Parks Corners.
Brooks P. M. farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Brown Jas. farmer; P. O. Chemung.
Brown Jos. farmer ; P. O. Chemung.
Brown Robt. farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Burch Jacob, farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Burch John, farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Burch Rev. O. E. minister; P. O. Parks
Corners. x
Burns Levi, farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Barton Chas. farmer; Sec. 13; P. O. Sharon.
CAMPBELL DAVID, farmer; Sec. 35;
P. O. Capron.
'Carr Bethel, farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Sharon.
Carr Chas. farmer; Sec. 24; P. O. Sharon.
" Chamberlain Jos. farm ; S. 33 ; P.O. Capron.
Chamberlain Leroy, farmer; P. O. Capron.
Chester John, farmer; P.O. Sharon.
' Chester Lawrence, farm; S. 3; P. O. Sharon.
Chester Segar, farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Sharon.
Chilson J. farmer; Sec. 27; P. O. Capron.
Clark Wilbur.
Conyes Philo, farmer ; P. O. Capron.
Cornell D. D.
Coughran W. farmer; Sec. 34; P.O. Capron.
Cramer H. farm; S. 28; P.O. Parks Corners.
Cramer J. farm; 8. 28; P. O. Parks Corners.
Cramer Peter, blacksmith; Sec. 20; P. O.
Parks Corners.

Croft H. B. farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Sharon.
Culver H. M. farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Culver Leroy, farmer; P. O. Sharon.
»"pvANIELS DAVID, farmer; Sec. 20;.
xJ P. O. Parks Corners.
Dean John W. farm ; Sec. 35 ; P. 0. Capron. *
DeMunn F. farmer; Sec. 27; P. O. Capron.
DeMunn L. farmer; Sec. 27; P. O. Capron.
DeMUNN SILAS, Farmer; Sec. 27;
P. O. Capron ; born in Alexander, Genesee
Co., N. Y., March 4, 1826; came to this Co.
in 1866 ; married Miranda Palmer, Feb.12,
1850; she was born in Batavia, N. Y.,
Aug. 9, 1828; they have six children:
Jennie, Frank, LeVant, Sumner, John and
Fred.
Densmore Clark, farm ; Sec.23 ; P.O. Sharon.
Dixon J. H. farmer; Sec. 15; P. O. Sharon.
Dodge A. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Capron.
Dorn F. D. farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Downing S. farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Dugall T. H. farmer; Sec. 1 ; P. O. Sharon. «
Dullam Geo. farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Dullam Jno. farmer; P.O. Parks Corners.
Dullam Thos. farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Dullam Wm. farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Duryea Millard, farmer; P. O. Capron.
-Tj* D WARDS . HIRAM.
Ellis Jas. teacher; P. O. Capron.
Ellis Wm. farm ; 8. 17 ; P. O. Parks Corners. « .,
Elwanger J, farmer; Sec. 27; P. O. Capron..
Emery H. farmer; Sec. 32; P.O. Capron.
.Emery J. B. farm ; S.32 ; P.O. Parks Corners.
Englehart M. farmer; Sec. 13; P.O. Capron. y.
FARMER FRED, farmer; P. O. Parks
Corners.
Frayer Miles, farmer; Sec. 12; P.O. Sharon. •
Funnell Geo. farmer; P. O. Sharon.
/~»ILMORE JOHN, farmer; Sec. 33; P.O. -,
VJT Capron.
^Goodall R. farm ; S. 21 ; P.O. Parks Corners.-i
Goodall Thos. farmer ; P.O. Parks Corners.
Goodall Wm. farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Griffin Henry, farmer; P. O. Capron.
Groesbeck D. farmer; Sec. 9; P. O. Sharon. •
GroesbeckE. H. farmer; Sec. 9 ; P.O. Sharon.
Groesbeck G. farmer ; Sec. 9 ; P. O. Sharon.

AMMOND H. B. farmer; Sec. 29; P.O,
Capron.

•H

404

BOONE county dibeotoby:

HAMMOND HENRY, Farmer; Sec. •! Mayberry L. C. farmer; Sec. 7; P. 0. Parks

19; P. O. Parks Corners; born in England,
March 14, 1819 ; came to this Co. in 1854 ;
first wife was Elizabeth Keating; present
wife was Sarah Armstrong ; married Aug.
16, 1869; six children, Mary, Lydia,
George William, Sarah A. and Joseph.
* Hammond S. W. farmer; Sec. 20; P.O. Parks
Corners.
Hayden Omer, farmer; Sec. 28; P.O. Capron^
• Head J. P. farm ; S. 29 ; P. O. Parks Corners!
Hortier John, farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Hovey Eugene, farm; Sec. 33; P.O. Capron.*
Hovey T. R. farmer; Sec. 33; P. O. Capron.
Hunt B. farmer ; Sec. 32 ; P.O. Parks Corners.
HuntW. farm; Sec. 32; P.O. Parks Corners.
Hutchinson David, farmer; P.O. Capron.
* Hyndman R. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Capron.
JOHNSON HENRY, farmer; P.O. Cap
ron.
•TV-EEFE B. farmer; Sec. 10; P. 0. Sharon.
Keefe Jas. farmer; Sec. 10; P.O. Sharon. •
* Kenyon J. T. farmer ; Sec. 3 ; P.O. Sharon.
Kenyon W. C. farmer; Sec. 3; P.O. Sharon.
Klumph Elex. farmer; Sec. 8; P. O. Sharon.
' Klumph J. farmer ; Sec. 17 ; P. O. Sharon.
Klumph Jos. farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Sharon.
LAMBERT D. M. farmer; Sec. 27; P. O.
Capron.
Lambert Melvin, farmer; P. O. Capron.
Lambert Morris, farmer; P. O. Capron.
Langdon B. F. farmer; Sec. 13; P.O. Sharon.
Langdon M. F. farmer ; Sec. 14; P.O. Sharon."
Landon Jno. farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. Sharon.
Landon Levi, farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Sharon.
Lawshee W. C. farm; Sec. 14; P. O. Sharon.
Leach C. C. mechanic ; P. O. Parks Corners.
Leavett Oscar, farmer ; P. O. Sharon.
Lillie Harry, farmer ; P. O. Parks Corners.
Lilley Jos. farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
McCOLLAM WATSON, farmer; Sec. 27;
P. O. Capron.
McDonald David, farmer; P.O. Sharon.
Markle B. farmer ; P. O. Parks Corners.
Markle J. B. farmer; Sec; 30; P. O. Parks
, Corners.
Marshall D. farmer ; Sec. 25 ; P. O. Capron.
Marshall Jno. farm; Sec. 36; P.O. Chemung.
Marvin Jno. farmer ; P.O. Capron.
Mayberry F. P. fanner ; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Parks
Corners.
Mayberry G. W. farmer ; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Parks
Corners.
Mayberry H. R. farm ; Sec. 7 ; P. O. Sharon.

Corners.
Mayberry R. farm ; S. 7 ; P.O. Parks Corners.
Maxworther George.
Miles G. N. farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Millard Emer, farmer; Sec. 27; P.O. Capron.
•Millard W. farmer; Sec. 35; P.O. Capron.
Morrison John, carpenter ; P. O. Capron.
^VT ELSON JAMES, farmer; Sec. 10; P. O.
-L t| Sharon.
NELSON N. J. Farmer; Sec. 10; P.
O. Sharon; born in Norway, June 28,
1844; came to this Co. in 1845; Republi
can; Lutheran; married Anna Newton,
born in Boone Co. ; have had five children,
Oscar, James, Nellie, Bertha, and have
lost one.
Nettleton D. farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Capron.
-Nettleton W. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; P. O. Capron.
Nobles Jno. farmer; P. O. Parks Corners.
Nobles Sam'l, P. O. Parks Corners.
/^VLESON OLE, farmer; P. O. Capron.
"PETERSON H. farmer; P. 0. Capron.
Pierce A. farm ; Sec. 19 ; P.O. Parks Corners.
Pierce A. S. farm ; S. 19 ; P.O.Parks Corners.
Pierce E. farm ; Sec. 19 ; P.O. Parks Corners.
Piper E. farmer; P.O. Sharon.
Piper M. farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Sharon.
Potter G. W. farmer; Sec. 12; P. 0. Sharon. •
Prindle E. F. farmer; Sec. 15; P. 0. Sharon.
Prindle G. W. farmer; P. O. Sharon.
RAYMOND SELVEY, farmer; Sec. 14;
P. O. Sharon.
Reaser H. M. post-master; Sec. 20; P. 0.
Parks Corners.
Reed Jas. fanner; Sec. 36; P. 0. Capron.
Rhodawalt H. farmer; Sec. 11 ; P.O. Sharon.
Rhodawalt J. farmer; Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Sharon.
Rhodawalt 8. farmer; Sec. 11 ; P. 0. Sharon.
Robbins M., Farmer; Sec. 20; P.O.Parks
Corners.
Robbins T., farm; S. 20; P.O. Parks Corners.
O ALESBERY O. A., Farmer; P.O. Sharon.
Schellenger A., farmer; P.O. Parks Corners.
Schums Robt. E.
Shunk Jacob, farmer; Sec. 1; P. 0. Sharon.
Shunk John, elk.; Sec. 1 ; P. 0. Sharon.
Sizer Thos., farmer ; Sec. 27 ; P.O. Capron. •
Smith Ira, farmer; Sec. 13; P. O. Sharon. '
Smith J., farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Capron.
Smith R.W., farmer; P.O. Capron. »
Smith William, farmer; P. O. Capron.

LEE0Y TOWNSHIP.

405

T

Spooner M. T, farmer; Sec. 13 ; P.O.Sharon.
"stall Philip, farmer; Sec. 35; P. O. Capron.
Stott John, farmer; Sec. 36; P.O. Chemung. .
\6wort A. C, farmer; Sec. 3; P. O. Sharon.
EETER JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 8; P. O.
Sharon.
Teeter Smith, farmer ; Sec. 8 ; P. O. Sharon.
Todd S, farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. O. Parks Corners.
Tongue John, mechanic ; P. O. Sharon.
Tripp Thos. J., farmer; P. O. Capron.
Tuttle Loren, farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Capron.*
VANANWERP JOHN, Farmer; P. O.
Capron.
Vandyke Cornelius ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. Sharon. •
Vandyke Oscar, farm ; Sec. 10 ; P. O. Sharon.
Vanocker J., farmer; Sec. 13; P. O. Sharon. ,
Vanocker P., farmer; Sec. 13; P. O. Sharon.

Tl^ARD O,

Capron.

Farmer; Sec. 28; P. O.

Wanen O, farm ; S. 31 ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Wanen Steven, farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.
•Warren W., farm ; S. 31 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Webster D. G., wind-mill; Sec. 20; P. O.
Parks Corners.
Weeks A., farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Sharon.
Wise Francis, farmer; Sec. 14; P.O. Sharon.'
Witter Lewis, farmer; Sec. 34; P.O. Capron. .
Witter Sanford, farmer ; Sec. 34 ; P.O.Capron.
Wolcott Byron, farmer ; Sec. 11 ; P.O.Sharon.
Wolcott^C. W., farmer; Sec. 12 ; P.O.Sharon.
•Wolcott E. B., farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Sharon.
Wolcott Fred, farmer; Sec. 2; P. O. Sharon.
Wright G., farm ; S. 19 ; P.O. Parks Corners.
Wright J., farm; 8. 19; P. O. Parks Corners.
YOEMAN CHARLES W. Farmer; Sec.
31 ; P. O. Parks Corners.
Young Herbert,- farmer; P.O. Parks Corners.
Young Oscar, farmer; P. O. Sharon.
Young Prescott, farmer; P.O. Parks Corners.

MANCHESTER TOWNSHIP.

c^-.

> A BELL M. B. farmer; Sec. 34; P. O.
jT\ Hunter.
? ADAMS DAVID, Farmer; Sec. 16;
P. O. Hunter; bom in N. Y., June 22,
1817; Republican; came to this Co. in
1846 ; owns 320 acres of land, valued at
$10,600; married Mary Mapes, Feb. 1,
1838; she was born in N. Y.; children
are: Lorinda, Ezra (who enlisted in the
12th I. V. C, in 1862; was stationed at
Napoleonville, where he died through
the effects of being sun struck ; lost his
life in defence of his country); next are:
Willis A., Merritt, Elizabeth M., Ira C,
George R., Elmer and Clarence.
Adams Meritt, fanner ; Sec. 16 ; P.O. Hunter.
Adams W. farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Hunter./
• Anderson O. farmer; Sec. 15; P.O.Clinton.
Atkinson J. O. farm; Sec. 22; P. O. Hunter.,
. "DALL J. G. farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Cale-
JD donia.
Ball W. T. farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Caledonia.
' Bamlet T. farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Hunter.
Bason Lewis, farmer; Sec. 4; P. O. Clinton.
Bemis John, farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Beloit.
Bennett Albert, farmer; Sec. 8; P. O. Beloit./
Bennett Mason, farmer; Sec. 8; P. O. Beloit
Bennett W. farmer; Sec. 8; P. O. Clinton.
Blake Andrew, farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Roscoe'.
Blake James, farmer; Sec, ?; P, 0, Beloit,

Bowles J. C. farmer ; Sec. 31 ; P. O. Roscoe.
Brayton G. farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Caledonia.
-BRAYTON R. C. Farmer; Sec. 32;
P. O. Caledonia; born in Canada, Aug.
7, 1805 ; came to this Co. in 1864 ; Repub
lican; Baptist; owns 137 acres of land,
valued at $6,850; married S. Gornee,
Dec. 24; came to Chicago in 1835; to
Winnebago Co. in 1836; to Ogle Co. in
1847; to Boone Co. in 1864; children are:
George B., Russell B., Stephen B., and
eight girls ; George enlisted in Co. 1, 140th
Regt. I. V. I., in 1864;' served to the end
of the war, and was honorably discharged ;
Russell enlisted in 74th Regt. I. V. I., in
1862; was in the battle of Stone River,
Lookout Mountain, and Kenesaw Moun
tain ; served to the end of the war ; Stephen
enlisted in 34th Regt. I. V. I., in 1861 ;
served under Col. Kirk about one year;
was in the battle of Corinth and Shiloh,
where he was taken sick and had to leave
the battle field.
Burgerson K. farmer; Sec. 11 ; P.O. Clinton.
\.Burgerson T. farmer; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Clinton.
Bullard B. M. farmer; Sec.31; P. O. Roscoe.
'Burlingame J. J. farm; Sec. 27; P.O.Hunter.
Burlingame S.J. farm ; Sec. 27; P.O.Hunter. /
CAMPBELL J. E. Yankee Notions
.peddlar; Sec. 34; P. O. Hunter.
Carr Frank, farmer; Sec. 19; P.O. Beloit, /
Cass C, B, farmer; gee, 17; P, 0, Beloit, /

406

BOONE COUNTY DIBECTOBY:

CASS LUKE, Farmer; Sec. 17; P. O.
Beloit, Wis. ; born in Vermont, Sept. 11,
1811; came to this Co. in 1863; Inde
pendent; Methodist; owns 140 acres
land, valued at $6,500; has been Assessor
1 year and Collector 4 years; married
Miss Lucy Fisher; children are: Amanda
E., Hollis H., Wm. M. Welcom and Henry
H.; Mrs. Cass died Sept. 1, 1830; married
again Abigail A. Blinn, Aug. 1, 1832; had
three children, Chas. B., now living, and
two deceased.
Cass W. M. farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Beloit.)
Clement E. W. farmer ; Sec. 22 ; P.O. Hunter.
Clement J. mail carrier ; Sec. 22.
Coats E. fanner ; Sec. 1 ; P. O. Sharon. \
» Cornell J. A. farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Beloit.
Cosper W. renter; Sec. 8; P. O. Beloit.
Cutler R. farmer; Sec. 8; P. O. Beloit. \
DANIELS A. P. farmer; Sec. 17; P. O.I
Beloit.
Daniels J. P. farmer; Sec. 8; P. O. Beloit.
Dunn S. renter; Sec. 28; P. O. Hunter.
Duxstad K. B. farmer; Sec. 9; P.O. Clinton.
ELLINGSON ELLING, farmer; Sec.
12; P. O. Clinton.
Ellingson J. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Clinton.
. Elliott Jedediah, fanner; Sec. 28; P. O.
Hunter.
Elliott John, farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Hunter.
Elliott W. S. farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Hunter.
Ellis B. farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Hunter.
Ellis G. H. farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Beloit.
Ellis Newton, farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Beloit.
Ellis Osro, farmer; Sec. 18; P. O. Beloit.
Ellsworth E. D.farm; S.29; P. O. Caledonia.
Ellsworth J. B. farm ; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Hunter.
' ELLSWORTH S. A. Farmer; Sec.
29; P. O. Hunter; born in N. Y., June 1,
1814; came to this Co. in 1845; Republi
can; owns 190 acres land, valued at
$7,600; married M. Steel; she was born
in N. Y. ; have three children living and
one deceased; she died Dec. 28, 1849;
buried at Roscoe Cemetery; married
again S. J. Sherman, born in Vermont,
May 12, 1852; have one son living; John
L. enlisted in the 4th Wis. Bat. in 1861 ;
taken sick shortly after; died July 7,
1862, losing his life in defense of his
country; G. O. enlisted in Co. K, 95th
I. V. I., in 1861; was in the battle of
Vicksburg; was wounded and discharged
at the close of the war; married J. O.
Veel ; lives at Rockford.
England R. farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Hunter.
ERWIN R. A. Teamster; Sec. 32;
P. O. Caledonia; born in Boone Co., May
24, 1853; Republican; Methodist; is at

present at work in the stone quarry ot
Mr. Brayton.
•CMLES W. farmer; Sec. 15; P.O.Hunter.

F

FishB. F. farmer; Sec. 10: P. O. Clinton.
GIFFORD E. farmer; Sec'38; P. O.
Hunter.
Gilley Chas.
Goldthwait A. farmer; Sec. 20; P. O. Beloit.
Graham H. farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Clinton. ,'
Grant R. F. farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Clinton.
?Grant T. W. farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. O. Clinton.
Gray R. G. farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Beloit.
Griffis A. farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Roscoe.
Griffis O. farmer; Sec. 29; P. O. Roscoe. /

H

ANSAS ROBERT, farmer; P. O. Cal
edonia.
Hazzlewood E. farmer; Sec. 23; P. O.
Parks Corners. ;
Hazzlewood J. farmer ; Sec. 23 ; P. Q. Union
Corners.
• Hazzlewood J. farmer; Sec.23; P.O. Hunter.
Hazlewood R. P. O. Union Corners. "
Heward F. farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Caledonia. |
Heward R. farmer; Sec. 22/f P. O. Hunter.
Hill Chas. farmer; Sec. 6; P. O. Beloit. /
Hill Horace, farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Beloit. I
Hill Melvin, farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Beloit. /
Hill Nelson, farmer; Sec. 6 ; P. O. Beloit. I
Hinkley M. E. farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Beloit. \
Horner Frank, fanner ; Sec. 21. \
ISAACSON CLAUS, fanner; Sec. 4; P. O. \
Clinton.
Isaacson O. farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Union.
Iverson Nels, farmer ; Sec. 10 ; P.O. Clinton.
Iverson Stark, farm ; Sec. 10 ; P.O. Clinton. \
JOHNSON JOHN, farmer; Sec. 35; P. O.
Parks Corners.
Johnson O. H. farmer; Sec.28; P. O. Poplar \
Grove.
'Johnson Sever ; farm ; Sec. 15 ; P. O. Hunter.
Jones L. M. farm; S.34; P. O. Poplar Grove. \

L

ARSON BAR, farmer; Sec. 14; P. O.
Clinton.
Larson Hans, farmer ; P. O. Clinton.
Larsen Henry, farm; 8. 30; P. O. Caledonia.
Lee A. O. farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Clinton. \
Lee L. O. farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Clinton. N
Lee Ole, farmer; Sec. 10; P. O. Clinton.
Linderman Bennett,farm ; S.16 ; P.O.Clinton.
Linderman B. F. farm; Sec. 16; P.O.Clinton.
'Linderman C. A. farm; Sec. 8; P.O. Beloit.
- Linderman J. F. farm; 8ec.l6 ; P.O. Clinton.

MANCHESTEB TOWNSHIP.

407

Linderman J. W. farm; Sec.16 ; P.O.Clinton
'MSDEBMAJf L. D. Farmer; Sec.
lb ; P. O. Clinton, Wis. ; born in N Y
March 15„1813; came to this Co. in 1838;
Republican; Methodist; owns 160 acres'
land, valued at $8,000; married Sarah A
Olmstead, Oct. 3, 1833; she was bornin
Conn., Aug., 1809 ; children are : Ralph B„
born March 3, 1835 (married); Louisa
Casber, John W. and James L., born Jan
29, 1841; Mary E., May 8, 1837 (all
manied).
Little C. farm ; Sec. 36 ;v P. O. Poplar Grove.
Little E. B. farm ; Sec.36 ; P.O. Poplar Grove
LIVINGSTON ARTHUR, Farm
er and Carpenter; Sec. 27; P. O. Hunter-
born in N. Y., Feb. 10, 1832; came to this
•Co. in 1853 ; Republican ; owns 21 acres
land, valued at $1,050; married M. Gibbs,
May 8, 1856 ; she was born in N. Y. ; chil
dren are: Elmer L., born Feb. 3, 1857;
Marvin E., in 1859; Jane, 1860; James!
1862; Julia M., 1866; William, 1868 ;|
Frank, 1870; Lorenz, 1875.
Livingston A. H. farm ; Sec.35 ; P.O. Hunter. |
Livingston J. H. farm; Sec. 34; H.O.Hunter.\
Lovesee H. farmer; Sec. 30. v
Luce Israel, fanner; Sec.18; P.O. Caledonia.
Lufkin G. W. farmer ; Sec. 18 ; P. O. Roscoe.
Lufkin Sidney; farm; Sec. 20; P. O. Beloit.,
McGEACHY JAS. farmer; Sec. 34; P.O.
Hunter.
McLean Angus, farm ; Sec.21 ; P. O. Hunter.
McMillan Dan'hfarm; Sec.34; P.O. Hunter.)
MANLEY A. H. Farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.
Beloit; born in Vt., Feb. 6, 1826; came to
this Co. in 1849; Independent; Free
Church; owns 85 acres land, valued at
$5,100 ; has been Supervisor, School Trus
tee and Town Clerk for several years ; mar- 1
ried Jane E. Brookins, Feb. 28, 1848; she'
' was born in N. Y. ; children are Adelmorn
B. and Jessie M.
Manley'M. C. farmer; Sec. 8; P. O. Beloit.\
Mason Chris, farmer ; Sec. 8 ; P. O. Beloit.
Mason John, farmer; Sec. 8; P.O. Beloit.
Merchant S.B. farmer ; Sec.31 ; P.O. Roscoe.
Morgan H. S. farmer j Sec. 18; P. O. Beloit. \
Morgan H. farm; Sec.36; P.O. Poplar Grove.
•Munson Thos. farmer; Sec. 15 ; P.O. Clinton.

N

ASH S. L. farmer; Sec. 22; P. O.
Hunter.
NASH CHAS. A. Farmer and Post-
master; Sec. 22; P. O. Hunter; bornin.
N. Y., March 14, 1837; came to this Co. in »
1869; Republican; owns 80 acres land,
valued at $4,000; has been Town Clerk for
five years ; married M. J. Wright, Jan. 8,
1867; children are: Anna M., born Sept.
30, 1867; Sidney L., March 16, 1869, and
Minnie A., March 11, 1867; S. L. Nash,

his father, also his mother, are living with
him orr the place.
Nomtand O. T. farm; Sec. 10; P. O. Clinton.
North Wm. E. farmer; Sec.28; P.O. Hunter. /
r/^VLESON HOLVER, farmer; Sec. 24;
V^/ P. O. Parks Corners.
P ALSON HOGAN, farmer; Sec. 12; P.oV
Clinton.
Parker B. L. farm ; S.35 ; P.O. Poplar Grove.
Parker Edw. farm ; Sec. 35 ; P.O. Caledonia.
Partch D. L., Sec. 35.
•Patrick Daniel, farmer; Sec. 26.
Patrick R. R. farmer; Sec. 35; P.O. Hunter.
.Patterson Arch, farm ; Sec. 27 ; P.O. Hunter.
•PETERS WM. Farmer and Mason;
P.O. Beloit, Wis. ; born in England, April
16,1834; came to this Co. in 1870; Inde
pendent; owns 120 acres land, valued at
$5,000 ; Mr. P. was employed by the gov
ernment during the war; married Eliza
Daniels, Feb. 21,1857; she was born in
N. H., Nov. 12, 1830; children are: Estella
C, born Dec. 1, 1858; Arthur B., Dec. 6,
1860; William J., Nov. 26, •  ; B. F.,
Aug. 10, 1866; Mary E., Nov. 19, 1868;
Lucy A. and Lucy E., June 1, 1871 ; Ebbie
O, Jan. 9, 1875, (died Jan. 10, 1877).
Peterson P. C. farmer; Sec.24; P.O. Clinton.

R

ALSTON PETER, farmer; Sec. 38;
P. O. Caledonia.

Rainols P. M., Sec. 31.
Ralston T. farmer; Sec. 33; P. O. Caledonia.
Ramsey N. farm ; S. 21 ; P. O. Poplar Grove.
Rathbone Chas. A. farm ; Sec. 6 ; P.O.Beloit.
Reeser Joseph, farmer ; Sec. 8 ; P. O. Beloit: /
ROBARDEZ C. J., Carpenter; P.O.
Hunter; born in France, July 15, 1842;
came to this Co. in 1876 ; Republican ; has
made a trip across the plains ; lives with
Mr. N. H. North.
^Rounds Thos. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. O. Hunter.
SAMPSON LEWIS,5farmer; P. O. Hun
ter.
•Schellenger Ansel, farm; Sec. 24; P.O.Parks
Corners.
•Scofstad O. J. farmer; Sec, 1 ; P. O. Clinton.
t Seaver Wm. farmer ; Sec.3 ; P.O.Clinton,Wis.
Seaverson S. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Hunter.
Sebring J.V. farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P.O.Caledonia. /
Secoy Elisha, farmer; Sec.34; P.O.Caledonia.
Secoy Simon, farmer; Sec.34; P.O.Caledonia.
^Severt Lewis, farmer ; Sec. 2 ; P. O. Clinton.
Smith H. H. farmer ; Sec. 32. / '
Smith Patrick, farm ; Sec. 31 ; P.O.Caledonia.
Snow N. E. farmer; Sec. 29; P.O.Caledonia.
Stevenson Knudt, farmer; Sec. 13; P.O.Parks
Corners,

408

BOONE COUNTY DIBECTOEY:

STOLL RUDOLF, Farmer ; Sec. 8 ;
P.O. Beloit, Wis. ; born in Switzerland in
Aug., 1836 ; came to Co. in 1857 ; Repub
lican ; enlisted in Co. K, 2d Wis. V. I. iu
1861 ; was in the battles of second Bulls
Run, South Mt, Gettysburg, Wilderness,
Spottsylvania, Chancellorsville, Weldon
Railroad, Gainsville, Antietam, Cedar
Mountain, and about six more;
served as Sergeant to the close of the war,
and was honorably discharged; married
Christina Zilley, June 7, 1868; she was
born in Prussia; children are William,
Harry, Edward, Fred and Alice.
' Stowell C. M. farmer ; Sec.20 ; P.O.Caledonia.
THOMPSON LEWIS, farmer; P. O.
Clinton.
Thompson Ole, farmer; Sec. 3; P.O.Clinton.
Thornton W.H. farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P.O.Hunter.
Tiffany D. N. farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Beloit.
. Tiffany D.W. farmer; Sec. 19; P. O. Beloit.
Tillerson Lewis, farmer ; Sec.23 ; P.O.Hunter.
Tillerson O. R. farmer; Sec. 23; P.O.Hunter.
Tisdal N. blacksmith; Sec. 7; P. O. Beloit.
' Tolefson T. farmer ; Sec. 4 ; P.O.Clinton, Wis.
•Tongen Ole, farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Clinton.
Tongen O. O. farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Hunter.

Turner R. M. mason; Sec. 10; P. O. Hunter.
UTTONW. S. farmer; Sec. 20; P. 0.
Hunter.
'Utton Wm. farmer ; Sec. 20 ; P. O. Beloit.
VAN ANTWERP G. H. farmer; Sec. 86;
P. O. Poplar Grove.
WADDELL WALTER, farmer; Parks
Corners.
Wadsworth J. farmer; Sec. 20; P.O. Hunter.
Ward A. farm; Sec. 35; P.O. Parks Corners.
Watts C. E. farmer; Sec. 30; P. O. Roscoe.
Ward C. farmer; Sec. 25; P.O.Poplar Grove.
Watts G. W. farmer; Sec. 30; P.O. Caledonia.
Watts I. N. farmer; Sec. 35; P. O. Hunter.
Weller W. B. farmer; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Poplar
Grove.
Witter A. D. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Clinton.
Witter L. farmer; Sec. 12; P. O. Clinton.
Wright A. farmer; P. O. Poplar Grove.
*Wright J. C. farmer ; Sec. 36 ; Poplar Grove.
Wyman Samuel, farm ; Sec. 33 ; P.O. Hunter.
YOUNG O. C. Farmer; Sec. 21; P.O.
Hunter.

*7

$

A{

SPRING TOWNSHIP.

ABBOTT HORATIO, farmer; Sec. 14;
P. O. Garden Prairie.
Abbott J. farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Belvidere.
Abbott P. T. farm ; S.14; P.O. Garden Prairie.^
Abbott W. farm ; 8. 4 ; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Albright George D. farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
ALBRIGHT N. J. C. Farmer; Sec.
5; P. O. Belvidere; born in Vermont,
June 24, 1834 ; came to this Co. in 1845 ;
owns 105 acres land, valued at $6,000;
married Miss Adeliza Jayne in Belvidere,
in 1858; she was born in Ohio, Aug. 30,
1838 ; have five children, Emma" Eliza,
Delos G., Zermira A., Cora Belle, Ger
trude Maude.
Alderman L. B. laborer ; S.25 ; P.O.Belvidere.
ASHCRAFT J. C. Farmer; Sec. 16;
P.O. Belvidere; bornin Penn., Jan. 24,
1852; came to this Co. in 1869; Repub
lican.
ATKINSON JAMES, Farmer; Sec.
23; P. O. Belvidere; born in England,
Feb. 19, 1803; came to this Co. in 1849;
owns 40 acres land ; has been Justice of
the Peace seventeen years ; Commissioner

Highways six years; manied Margaret
McLatchie, in Canada, Jan. 20, 1829 ; she
was born in Canada, Oct. 21, 1807 ; have
had eleven children, the names of those
living are : Sarah Ann (now Mrs. Curtis),
John, James E., Maria (now Mrs. J.
Thomas); Eli enlisted in army in 1861,
died in the service, Aug. 17, 1862; Robert
enlisted in 9th I. V. C. ; was honorably
discharged Oct., 1865 ; Mary E. (now Mrs.
Lander), born Sept. 30, 1848; married
Dec. 31, 1874 ; has one child, Francis H.,
born Dec. 30, 1875.
BARKER EDMOND H. Farmer; Sec.
12 ; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Barker Edward H. farmer; Sec. 12; P.O. Gar
den Prairie.
Barr James, farmer ; P. O. Belvidere. y.
BARRINGER LAW REN C E , *
Farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Belvidere; born
in Germany, Aug. 10, 1825 ; came to this
Co. in 1857 ; owns 44 acres land ; is Com-
missionerHighways ; married MissTheresa
Keeler, in N. Y., on Nov. 4, 1854; she
was born in Germany, Jan. 20, 1832; have
six children, Edward, born Sept, 5, 1856;

SPKING TOWNSHIP

409

John, July 17, 1858; Helen Jane, Sept.
29, 1860; Caroline, April 7, 1865; Walter,
July 10, 1C68; Minnie, June 27, 1870.
"BAXTER JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 10;
P. O. Belvidere; born in England, June
28, 1807 ; came to this Co. in 1836 ; owns
240 acres land; married Miss HrSmith-
son, in Montreal, Canada, July 23, 1832 ;
she was born in England, July 27, 1815 ;
have had twelve children, Jonas, born
Sept. 30, 1834; Elizabeth, Jan. 11, 1837,
died Feb. 20, 1844; Mary Ann, May,
1839; Emeline, July 1, 1841; William,
May 30, 1843; John D., Oct. 19, 1845;
Elizabeth, March 1, 1848; Thomas J.,
Dec. 31, 1849; Harriet T, May 3, 1852;
Charles W., March 23, 1854, died Oct. 20,
1867; Albert F., Dec. 10, 1855; Rosanna,
June 2,, 1861.
Beckington Henry, farmer; Sec. 1; P. O.f
Garden Prairie.
Beckington M. farmer; P.O.Garden Prairie.'
Beckington T. farm ; S.l ;P.O.Garden Prairie/
RISHOP D. W. C. Carpenter and ,
Joiner; Sec. 16; P. O. Belvidere; born in
New York, March 2, 1818; came to this
Co. in 1851 ; owns 57 acres land ; married
Miss L. Crittenden, in this Co., July 3,
1852; she was born in Ohio, Nov. 16,
1836 ; have ten children living. ¦
•RLACKFORD,BFRANCIS, Farm
er; Sec. 3; P. O. Belvidere; born in
, England, July 20, 1819; came to this Co.
in 1833; owns 142 acres land, valued at
$7,000; has held the office of School
Director; married Miss Jane Atkinson,
in this Co., Nov. 29, 1855 ; she was born
in Canada, May 1, 1833 ; have had eight
children, Francis, born Oct. 22, 1856;
William Ross, Nov. 2, 1858; Maggie, Oct.
30, 1860; Eli Robert, April 19,1863; Jane,
Jan. 2, 1867, died Jan. 13, 1867; Steven
Daniel, Jan. 13, 1868; Harvey James,
July 21, 1870; Albert, March 16, 1873.
•BLACKFORD JAMES, 'Farmer;
Sec. 3 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in England,
Aug. 30, 1815 ; came to this Co. in 1833 ;
owns 140 acres land; is School Director;
first wife was Miss Abbott; present wife
/was Louisa Morey; they were married
|in this Co., Dec. 30, 1859; she
twas born in England, Nov. 4,
1840; have eight children, Eva, born
Nov. 9, 1860; Emma, Aug. 19, 1862; Car
rie, Feb. 2, 1865; James, March 5, 1867;
Jennie, April 4, 1869; May, Feb. 4, 1871;
Fredrick, Oct. 21, 1872; Leon, Nov. 27,
1873. <•
Blackford S. farmer; Sec.3; P. O. Belvidere.
Blakesley F. S. farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
Borroughs C. farm; S. 34: P.O.Belvidere.
Bowers E. S. farm ; Sec- 17 ; P. O. Belvidere.
Brainard Eli, farmer; P. O. Belvidere; 3.
Brooks Benj. farmer; S. 23; P. O. Belvidere.
Brooks J. farmer; Sec. 34; P. O. Belvidere.)

Brooks P. E. farm; Sec.23; P. O. Belvidere. »
Burnett M. A. farm ; S. 15 ; P. O. Belvidere.
»Burroughs Jno. farm ; S. 24; P. O. Belvidere. 4
CATES GEORGE H. Farmer; Sec. 12 ;»
P. O. Belvidere.
.CATES GEORGE S. Farmer; Sec.
3; P. O. Belvidere; born in Salem,
Mass., Nov. 2, 1816;, came to this
Co. in 1845; owns 214 acres land;
married Miss 'Marilla Heaton, in this
Co., March 5, 1853; she was born in
New York, Aug. 16, 1821; have .had two
children, George H., born Oct. 18, 1855 ;
James S., June 3, 1858, died March 24,
I860 ; Mr. Cates has been Justice of the
Peace eight years.
•CHAFEE GEORGE, Farmer; Sec. 6 ;
P.O. Belvidere ; born in N.Y.,Aug.l6, 1811 ;
owns 170 acres land, valued at $8,500 ; has
been Supervisor six years ; married Miss
Anita Smith, in Belvidere, in 1857 ; have
one child, Lillie; Mrs. Chafee was born
in Madison Co., N. Y.
Chamberlain M. farm ; S. 5 ; P. O. Belvidere.
CHAMBERLIN MRS. SARAH,
Farming; P. O. Belvidere; Sec. 5; born
in Conn., Jan. 22, 1818; Baptist; owns
690 acres land, valued $35,000; husband
was Wm. H. Chamberlin ; they were mar
ried in Conn., March 23, 1843; he was
born in Mass., 'April 16, 1818 ;;died in
this Co., Sept. 29, 1873; they have had
eleven children, six of them are living,
Charles H., born March 17, 1849; William
M., June 8, 1851; Mary E. (now Mrs.
Kirk), Dec. 19, 1853; Sarah Belle, May
15, 1856: Kate Louisa, April 30, 1859;
Jennie V., May 8, 1861.
COOPER JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 35; «
P. O. Genoa; born in Middlesex Co.,
N. J., March 3, 1839 ; ca'me to this Co. in
1860 ; owns 120 acres land.
Cohoon Wilford, farmer ; P. O. Belvidere.
Colvin H. farmer; Sec. 35; P. O. Belvidere.
COLVIN JEFFERSON, Farmer;
Sec. 35; P. O. Belvidere; born in Erie
Co., N. Y., Jan. 22, 1832; came to this Co.
in 1875; owns 135 acres land, valued at
$8,750; married Mrs. Parks, in N. Y.,
March 30, 1876; she died Nov. 3, 1876.
,CURTIS CHARLES, Farmer; Sec.
11; P. O. Belvidere; born in England,
Aug. 30, 1814; came to this Co. in 1836;
owns 160 acres land; married Miss Mary
Ann Mounsey, Feb. 22, 1841 ; she was
born in Canada, Jan 1, 1824; have had
eleven children, George Fredrick, born
April 10, 1842; Lucy Louisa, March 24,
1844, died July 12, 1863; Horatio Nel
son, Aug. 26, 1846; Winfield S., April 5,
1849; Franklin Albert, Aug. 16, 1851;
Emma Jane, Dec. 18, 1853 ; Walter Chas.,
1 /March 7, 1856; Clara Melissa, Aug. 9,
'1858; Jessie Elizabeth, Sept, 3, 1861;

410

BOONE COUNTY DIBEOTOBY:

Alice Mary, March 8, 1864; William
Henry, Jan. 28, 1867.
•CURTIS HENRY, Farmer; Sec. 10;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in England, March
30, 18)3; came to this Co. in 1836; owns
160 acres land; married Mrs. Mounsey
(maiden name, Miss Atkinson), in Canada,
April, 1835; she was born in England,
July 26, 1804; have five children, Wil
liam H. H., born Aug. 26, 1840; Thomas,
June 6, 1843; George, Nov. 26, 1845;
Elizabeth (now Mrs. Williams) March 11,
1838; Mrs. Curtis' children by first hus
band are, Mary Ann Mounsey (now Mrs.
Chas. Curtis), born Jan. 1, 1824; Maggie S.
(now Mrs. Stevens), May 1, 1829 ; Rebecca
C. (now Mrs. Kough) Oct. 27, 1831.
Curtis Patrick, rents farm; Sec. 1; P. O.
Garden Prairie.
• Curtis S. farmer ; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Belvidere.V
Curtis Walter, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.

D

AVIS JOEL, Jr., farmer; Sec. 27 ; P. O.'
Belvidere.
vDAVIS JOEL, Sr., Farmer; Sec. 28;
P. O. Belvidere; born in England, June
16, 1798 ; came to this Co. in 1850 ; owns
132 acres land; has be^n School Director
three terms ; married Eleanor Howell, in
England, July 19, 1825 ; she was born in
England, June 2, 1802; have four chil
dren living.
Davis S. farmer; Sec. 28; P. O. Belvidere.
* DeWane J. farmer ; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Belvidere.
DeWOLF MIRON, Farmer; Sec. 15;'
P. O. Belvidere; born in Pa., Nov. 26,
1820 ; came to this Co. in 1847 ; owns 87
acres of land; married Matilda Taylor,
in Pa.; she was born in Pa., Jan. 31,
1828; have four children living, Collins
A., born Jan. 26, 1857; Adell, Dec. 23,
1859; Eleanor, Oct. 4, 1854; Mahala, Aug.
1, 1867.
* DeWOLF W. C. Farmer; Sec. 14;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Erie Co., Pa.,
Feb. 8, 1830; came to this Co. in 1854;
owns 120 acres land; has held various
offices ; is at present Town Trustee ; mar
ried Huldah J. Strong, in Erie Co., Pa.,
March 22, 1855; she was born in Erie
Co., Pa., Feb. 16, 1832; have had five
children, Nancy E. (now Mrs. E. L.
Woodruff), born Dec. 25, 1855 ; Hiram 8.,
Oct. 10,1858, died May 27, 1876; Frank
L., born April 23,1862; William C, Jr.,
Nov. 4, 1865 ; Nettie A., Aug. 19, 1868.
DUNHAM MRS. N. M. Sec. 15;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Madison Co.,
N. Y., March 4, 1816 ; came to this Co. in
1869; husband was Daniel H. Dunham;
he was born in Madison Co., N. Y., Oct.
26, 1812; he died in this Co., May 26,
1874; have two children, DeLeon, born
Dec. 23, 1850; Edward K., Aug. 22, 1858.
Dunham B. farm; S.24; P.O.Garden Prairie. \

FORD FRANK, farmer; Sec. 29; P. O.
Belvidere.
•FOORD JOHN, Farmer; Sec. 29; P.
O. Belvidere; born in Maine, Dec. 21,
1810; came to this Co. in 1853; owns 210
acres land; first wife was Hannah G.
Martin; four children by this first mar
riage ; present wife was Mrs. Gould ; have
three children by present wife.
GIBBS MR. farmer; Sec. 32; P. O. Bel
videre.
GLEASON E. L. Farmer; Sec. 21;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Franklin Co.,
Mass., April 7, 1806 ; came to this Co. in
1840 ; owns 225 acres land ; married Miss
P. A. Spink, in N. Y., June 2, 1833 ; she
was born in Vermont, April 5, 1815 ; have
six children, Leonard E., born Sept. 15,
1836 (he married Miss Julia M. Crittenden,
in Iowa, Jan. 7, 1876; she was born in
this Co., Sept. 29, 1847) ; Adeliza J. (now
Mrs. Albright), Aug. 31, 1838; Mary E.
. (now Mrs. Gibbs), May 6, 1840; Amos H,
May 2, 1846; Ella, born Dec. 16, 1847;
Zermeria, Oct. 31, 1851.
Gooch T. farm ; Sec.13 ; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Gooch T.W. farm ; 8.13 ; P.O.Garden Prairie, it
•GOULD J. B. Farmer; Sec. 5; P. O.
Belvidere; born in Warren Co.. N. Y.,
May 26, 1820 ; came to this Co. in 1837 ;
Republican; Episcopal; owns 404 acres
land, valued at $35 per acre; married
Miss Charlotte Blackford, in this Co., in
1845; she was bornin England, Jan. 10,
1824; have had ten children, Harvey A.,'
Oct. 8, 1847; Nellie B., Nov. 11, 1850;
Alice J., June 1, 1852; Fannie F., Oct.
14, 1853; Ira J., Nov. 1, 1851, died Feb.
22, 1854; Alfred, Sept. 12, 1849, died, aged
eleven months; Alice, Aug. 8, 1846, died,
aged two months ; Frank, July, 1847, died,
aged two years; Lucius, Feb. 21, 1863;
Blanche O, April 16, 1868.
•GRETTON SAMSON, Farmer; Sec.
4; P. O. Belvidere; born in N. J , Sept.
19, 1844; came to this Co. in 1850; Repub
lican; Episcopal; owns 142 acres land,
valued at $7,000; married Miss Sarah
Lawman, in Belvidere, in 1869 ; she was
born in England, Dec. 30, 1850; have
two children, Alice, May 22, 1871 ; Wal
lace, May 3, 1875.
.TTAKES HARRISON H. Farmer
XI and Stock Raiser; P. O. Belvidere;
owns farm 185 acres; born Cattaraugus
Co., N. Y., April 2, 1841 ; lived there 13
years ; went to Wis. 1854 ; came to this
Co. and settled in Spring Tp. in 1857, and
has lived here 20 years ; was in army 4
years in Co. B. 8th Ills. Cav.; married
Miss Ann Davis. Jan. 16, 1866 ; she was
born in England, Aug. 15, 1837; have
three children, Ella L. born July IL 1866,
Mary L: born Aug., 1873, George H. born
Oct., 1874.

BPBING TOWNSHIP.

411

Hammond F. A. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Hammond J. M.farm; S.20; P. O. Belvidere.
Hannah R. farm ; S. 11 ; P. O. Garden Prairie.
Hansaw T. farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. 0. Belvidere.
HEWER JOSEPH, Farmer and
Stock Raiser; Sec. 35; P. O. Belvidere;
born in England, Aug. 14, 1843 ; came to
this Co. in lb67; owns 280 acres land,
valued at $11,500; married Miss Martha
Pinegar, in 1868 ; she was born in England,
have two children; Wm. Francis, born
Nov. 8, 1870; Gracie, Jan. 1, 1869; Mr.
Hewer is Importer of Berkshire swine.
Hewitt James, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Hollembeak F. farm ; Sec.21 ; P.O.Belvidere.
Hollembeak G. farm; Sec.21 ; P.O.Belvidere.
HOLLEMBEAK WM. L. Farmer;
Sec. 21; P. O. Belvidere; born in Stafford
Co., N. Y., June 7, 1823 ; came to this Co.
in 1844; owns 120/ acres land; has been
Town Collector two terms ; Commissioner
Highways three years; Town Trustee
three years; married Myra Shattuck, in
this Co., Feb. 7, 1850; she was born in
Ohio, Sept. 13, 1829 ; have three- children,
George, born in this Co., Dec. 5, 1850;
Frank, Nov. 23, 1852; Abraham, March
9, 1855.
Horton Thomas D. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Hull P. A. laborer; Sec. 6; P. O. Belvidere.
HUGHES H. C. Farmer; Sec. 15;
P. O. Belvidere; born in Wales, March
4, 1825 ; came to this Co. in 1839 ; owns
' 120 acres land; married Sarah A. Britt,
in this Co., in 1864; she was born in Ohio,
Jan. 28, 1841 ; have three children, Ernest
Henry, born Sept. 11, 1865 ; William H.,
April 11, 1869; Silas L., March 1, 1874.
HUGHES LEWIS, Farmer; Sec.
16 ; P. O. Belvidere ; born in Wales, April
23, 1821; came to this Co. in 1839; owns
100 acres land ; married Mrs. Murrin, in
this Co., April, 1872; have two children,
Edward, Jan. 16, 1873; William H., April
11, 1877.
ISLES RICHARD, rents farm; Sec. 23;
P. O. Belvidere.
JOHNSON ALFRED, farmer; P. O.
Belvidere.
Johnson Joseph W. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
JOHNSON THEODORE, Farmer;
Sec.5; P. O. Kingston; born Schleswig,
Holstein; Germany, Aug. 24, 1843 ; came
to this country 1867 ; has followed sailing
for some years, on the lakes, on the ocean
and on the coast ; came to Boone Co. in
February, 1875, and is engaged in Farm
ing ; he married Miss Nena JohnsoniNov.,
1874; she was born in Prussia; he owns
Farm of 42 acres.
KAHOY THOMAS, Farmer; Sec.
22; P. O. Belvidere; bornin Ireland,
in 1831; came to this Co. in 1867; owns

property valued at $1,200; married in
1858; have six children, five boys and
one girl.
Kelley J. farmer; Sec. 22; P.O.Belvidere.
Kelley L. farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Belvidere.
Kimmey R. farmer; Sec. 29 ; P. O. Belvidere. ,
•KING WILLIAM R. Farmer; Sec.
23; P. O. Belvidere; born in England,
May 11, 1822; came to this Co. in 1846;
owns 120 acres land; married Matilda
Huline, in this Co., March 11, 1856; have
three children, Mary Ann, born May 15,
1857; Wm. Henry, Oct. 18, 1859; Ellen,
Feb. 7, 1862; Emma, Feb. 6, 1868, died
Feb. 12, 1869.
LANDER EDWARD P. farmer; Sec.
23; P.O.Belvidere.
•LANDER EDWIN, Farmer; Sec. 15 ;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in England, April
26, 1815 ; came to this Co. in 1849 ; owns
143 acres land; is School Director and
Commissioner of Highways; married
Mary Skittery, in England, Jan. 5, 1837 ;
she was born in England, Sept. 14, 1812 ;
have four children living, William E.,
born Oct. 22, 1837; Edward, Feb. 2, 1843;
has been Town Collector two terms; Town
Clerk and Town Trustee several terms ;
enlisted in 9th 111. Cav., Sept. 12, 1861 ;
served three years; was honorably dis
charged; Eliza, born Jan. 21, 1848; Susan
A., Jan. 31, 1852.
Lander W. E. farm ; Sec.23 ; P. O. Belvidere.
LANE T. E. Farmer; Sec. 13; P. O.
Garden Prairie; born in Maine, March
10, 1840; came to this Co. in 1846; owns
80 acres land; married Miss Celinda Ser-
gant, in this Co., Oct. 11, 1865 ; she was
born in N. Y., on March 5, 1849; have
two children, Charley Leroy and Luther P.
^ANNING A. B. Farmer; Sec. 17;
P. O. Belvidere; born in N. Y., March 10,
1816; came to this Co. in 1842; owns 42
acres land ; has held the office of School
Director and Commissioner Highways;
manied Miss Stroud, in N. Y., on Feb. 6,
1839 ; she was born in N. J., July 19, 1818 ;
have had two children, Sarah J. (now
Mrs. Bowers), born Dec. 14, 1847; Daniel
R., July 6, 1849. Erwin S. Bowers, son-
in-law of Mr. Lanning, was born in Wis
consin, June 24, 1845 ; he enlisted in 22d
W. V. I., Dec. 28, 1863; served until close
of war ; was honorably discharged.
Lanning H. farmer; Sec. 7; P.O. Belvidere. *
LANNING JOHN S. Farmer; Sec.1
'7; P.O.Belvidere; born in New York,
Aug. 15, 1824; came to this Co. in 1842;
Republican; Baptist; owns 91 acres land,
value $4,000; married Miss Mary Rich, in
Cook Co., 111., May 29, 1846; she was born
in New Jersey, June 2, 1825 ; have three
children living, Henry, born Aug. 6, 1851 ;
Albertie, March 10, 1853 ; Charley, Sept.
20,1860.

412

BOONE COUNTY DrBECTOBY:

Lanning J. L. farm; Sec. 4; P. O. Belvidere.*
LANNING U. R. Farmer; Sec. 15; P.*
O. Belvidere; born in Ontario Co., N. Y.,
Feb. 11, 1818; came to this Co. in 1842;
Baptist: owns 80 acres land; married En-
retta Lawrence, in this Co., March 13, 1844;
she was born in New York, May 18, 1824;
have three children, Mary, born Jan. 5,
1845 ; Noel R, Feb. 19, 1848 ; J. Lawrence,
July 1, 1850.
Lawman Wm. farm; Sec. 9; P. O. Belvidere. »
• Lobdell F. K. farm ; Sec. 22 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Lobdell J. M. farm ; Sec. 22 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Lobdell W. F. farm ; Sec. 22 ; P.O. Belvidere.
• Lord C. B. farmer; Sec. 20; P.O. Belvidere.
Lord O. farmer; Sec. 20; P.O. Belvidere.
Lucas R. farmer; Sec. 21 ; P.O. Belvidere.

M

cKEOWN FELIX, farmer; Sec. 24; P. .
O. Garden Prairie.
MACK WM. M. Farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.
Belvidere ; born in Canada, May 23, 1822 ;
came to this Co. in 1864; owns 80 acres
land; has been School Director and Road
Commissioner; married Susana Reed, in
Vermont, in 1851 ; she was born in Canada ;
have had ten children ; eight of them are
living.
Martin J. farmer; Sec. 14; P.O. Belvidere. y
Martin O. farmer; Sec. 14; P.O. Belvidere.
May J. E. farmer ; Sec. 16 ; P.O. Belvidere.
MAYBURRY J. Farmer; Sec. 28; P.»
O. Belvidere ; born in Pa., April 18, 1830 ;
came to this Co. in 1853 ; owns 20 acres
land ; married Miss Desdemona Wells, in
Crawford Co., Pa., July 2, 1853 ; she was
born in Pa., Sept. 22, 1833 ; have seven
children, three boys and four girls.
Mawer C. A. farmer ; Sec. 11 ; P. O. Garden*
Prairie.
Mawer Wm. farmer; Sec. 11; P. O. Garden.
Prairie.
•Merchant H. farmer; Sec. 6; P.O. Belvidere.
Merrill A. farmer; Sec. 7; P.O. Belvidere.
Merrill T. S. farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.Belvidere.
¦ Meyers Geo. farmer; Sec. 32; P.O. Belvidere.
MOORE RICHARD, Farmer; Sec*
31; P. O. Belvidere; born in Pa., May 25,
1826 ; came to this Co. in 1855 ; owns 90
acres land; married Miss Maggie Gordon,
in this Co., Oct. 25, 1855 ; she was born in
Pa., May 21, 1832; have six children, John
A., born Dec. 2, 1856; Lizzie, May 4, 1858;
William A., Oct. 30, 1859; George G., April
4, 1862; J. F., Sept. 16, 1869.
Mullen M. farmer; Sec. 22; P. O. Belvidere.
• Murphy J. W. farm; Sec. 19; P.O.Belvidere.
* Myers Geo. farmer; Sec. 33; P.O. Belvidere,

N

EWMAN JNO. A. farmer; Sec, 1?; P,»
O, Garden Prairie,

PAGE ARTHUR, farmer; Sec. 14; P. O.
Belvidere.
PAGE THOS. Farmer; Sec. 14; P.O.
Garden Prairie : born in England, Dec. 21,
1838 ; came to this Co. in 1852; owns 320
acres land ; married Miss Jane E. Ham
mond in England, in 1850; she was born
in England, April 9, 1830 ; have had five
children, Emily E. (now Mrs. Halleck),
born May 12, 1851; Arthur T, Jan. 6,
1853; Franklin J., Oct. 23, 1857; Herbert
C. Sept. 22, 1859: Bertha, Sept. 22,1860,'
died Aug. 12, 1867.
Parker Thos. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
PAYN J IRA, Farmer; Sec.4; P. O. .
Belvidere; born in N. Y., April 17, 1828;
came to this Co. in 1855; Republican;
Episcopalian; owns 96 acres land, valued
at $5,000; has held the office of Town As-
essor for two years ; married Miss Eliza
beth Arnold in New York, Jan. 2, 1853 ;
she was born in Saratoga, N. Y., Aug. 22,
1832 ; have had six children, Mary, born
Nov. 28, 1853; Delmere, Sept. 18, 1856;
Fred, March 16, 1859; Henry, Dec. 30,
1861, died Feb. 20, 1862; Cora, Sept. 16,
1865 ; Frank, March 27, 1870.
Peirce W. H. farmer; Sec. 14; P. O. Garden
Prairie.
Percy Robert, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
PETERS GEO. Farmer ; Sec. 28 ; P.
O. Belvidere; born in England, May 20,
1824; came to this Co. in 1850; owns 200
acres land; married Miss Martha Davis
in England, in 1848 ; she was born in
England, Aug. 15, 1827.
Pinegar H. farmer; Sec. 25; P. O. Belvidere. *
«Pinegar W. farmer; Sec. 26; P.O. Belvidere.
Powers Herbert, farmer ; P. O. Belvidere,
Ifctratt F. K. farmer; Sec. 7; P. O. Belvidere.
PRATT M. K. Farmer; Sec. 7; P.O.
Belvidere; born in N. H., Jan. 11,1813;
came to this Co. in 1854; Republican;
owns 125 acres land, valued at $6,250;
married Miss Louisa Dagget, in N. H., in
1841 ; she was born in N. H., Dec. 10, 1812;
have two children, Frederick K, born
May 25, 1843 ; Eliza D. (adopted), Nov.
8, 1855.
RANDOLPH E. K. F. farmer; Sec. 26;
P. O. Genoa.
Ransley G., Sr.,farm; Sec. 9; P.O. Belvidere. f
• Reed Chas. farmer; Sec. 17; P. O. Belvidere. „
Reed Frank P. farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
Reed Fred, farmer ; Sec. 35 ; P. O. Belvidere.
•REED GEO. Farmer; Sec. 35; P.O.
Belvidere; born in Westfield, Mass.,
May 26, 1824; came to this Co. in 1848;
owns 515 acres land, valued at §20,600;
has been Supervisor three years ; married
Miss Eliza A. Wait, Oct. 10, 1849; she was
born in Warsaw, N. Y., Aug. 23, 1828;
liave had four children, Fannie E., born

SPElNG township.

413

Sept. 6, 1850; Franklin P., Nov. 9, 1852;
Frederick A., Jan. 8, 1855 : Albert E., July
9, 1857, died May 9, 1863.
Rix Chester, farmer ; Sec. 19 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Roberts A. L. wagon-maker; Sec. 33; P. O.
Kingston.
Robinson J. farmer; Sec. 10; P.O. Belvidere./
•ROGERS JOHN, Jr., Farmer ; Sec. ?
19; P. O. Belvidere; born in England, May
26, 1839 ; came to this Co. in 1848 ; owns
property to value of $5,000 ; married Miss
Carrie Peniger, in Belvidere, Oct. 18,
 ; she was born in England, in 1847.
?Rogers J., Sr., farm; S. 20; P. O. Belvidere.
Rogers Thos. farm ; Sec. 19 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Rowen G. C. farmer; Sec. 36; P. O. Genoa./
•QANDALL I. C. farmer; Sec. 30; P. O.
O Belvidere.
Sawyer 8. H. B. farm; S. 7 ; P. O. Belvidere^'
"SCRIVEN JAMES, Farmer; Sec. 30;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in England, July
10,1824; came to this Co. in 1848; owns
97 acres land; married Miss Elizabeth
Scriven in England, April 12, 1854 ; have
children.
Shattuck A. farmer; Sec.17; P.O. Belvidere*
SHATTUCK F. H. Farmer; Sec.32;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in Ohio, June 22,
1823 ; came to this Co. in 1836 ; owns 160
acres land; has held the office of Town
ship Collector one term ; Township Treas
urer two years; married Miss Harriet
Britt, in this Co., Aug. 30, 1847 ; she was
born in Ohio, Nov. 6, 1827 ; they have five
children, two girls and three boys.
Shattuck G.E.farm; Sec.17; P.O. Belvidere.*
*SHATTUCK HARLYN, Farmer;
Sec. 22; P. O. Belvidere; born in Madison
Co., N. Y., March 3, 1815 ; came to this
Co. in 1835 ; owns 200 acres land ; has held
several different offices ; is now Township
Assessor; first wife was Miss Ruth E.
Murray; they were married March 31,
1842; she was born in Ohio, Dec. 26,
1818; died July 19, 1864; had ten chil
dren, five of whom are living; present
wife was Mrs. Hall, (maiden name was
Lucretia Orton); they were married on
July 29, 1865 ; she was born in N. Y.,
Dec. 21, 1830; have had four children by
this marriage, three of whom are living.
SHATTUCK LOOMIS, Farmer;
P. O. Belvidere; born in N. Y., Jan. 6,
1803 ; came to this Co. in 1839 ; owns 200
acres land ; has held various town offices ;
wife was Lydia Brown ; have five children
living.
Shattuck L., Jr. farm; S. 16; P.O. Belvidere.
Shattuck M. farm ; Sec. 17 ; P. O. Belvidere.
Shattuck Wm. L. farmer; P. O. Belvidere. «
ShepardsonA.C.farm; S. 17; P.O. Belvidere^
Shepardson E.carpntr.; S.17; P.O.Belvidere.

Sherburne J. H. rents farm ; Sec. 10 ; P. O.
Belvidere.
Sellard Jas.,Sr. farm; Sec.5; P.O. Belvidere./
Sellard Jas., Jr. farm ; Sec. 5 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Silvins 8. 1, farmer; Sec. 31 ; P. O. Belvidere.
Simpkins G.farm ; S.ll; P.O.Garden Prairie.
Simpkins Geo. W. farmer; Sec.ll; P. O.^
Garden Prairie.
Smith G.W. rents farm ; S.32 ; P.O. Belvidere.
•<SMITH MASON, Farmer; Sec. 4;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in N. Y., Nov. 2,
1806 ; came to this Co. in 1848 ; Republi
can; Presbyterian; owns 196 acres land,
valued at $10,000; has been Justice ofthe
Peace eight years; married Miss Philo
mela Bartlett, Jan. 31, 1854; she was born
in N. Y., July 11, 1819; have four chil
dren: Caroline, born Dec. 7, 1854; Jessie
Fremont, Aug. 24, 1856; Elmer Mason,
Feb. 18, 1859; Lucy Theodosia, April. 23,
1861.
SMITHSON BENJAMIN, Farm- ,
er ; Sec. 10 ; P.O. Belvidere ; born in Eng
land, June 8, 1820; came to this Co. in
1838 ; owns 80 acres land ; has been School
Director; married Miss Jane Blackford.
in this Co., April 4, 1848 ; she was born in
England, in 1826; came to this Co. 1833..
Stanley Dyer, farm; Sec. 25; P.O.Belvidere.'-'
Stanley Thos.C. farm; Sec.25; P. O. Garden
Prairie.
STEVENS T. M. Parmer; Sec. 36 ;«
P. O. Belvidere ; born in Canada, Aug. 6,
1846; came to this country when 2 years of
age ; came to Cherry Valley, Winnebago
Co., same year; lived in that Co. some
years ; also lived in DeKalb Co., Town of
Milford; came to Boone Co., in 1858, and
has lived here 19 years ; he and his broth
ers, G. F. Stevens and A. C. Stevens, are
engaged in Farming and own 75 acres
land ; two of the brothers were born Aug.
5, and one Aug. 6, of different years;
their mother lives with them.
Stockwell C. E. carpenter; S. 4; P. O. Bel-
* videre.
Stockwell J. carpenter; S. 4; P.O.Belvidere.
STOCKWELL P.R. Carpenter; Sec.
4; P. O. Belvidere; born in New York,
on the 11th of June, 1820; came to this
Co. in 1869 ; owns 14 acres of land, 4 in
this Co. and 10 in McHenry Co. ; married
Caroline P. Arnold, in New York, on the
2d of February, 1841 ; she was born in N.
Y., on the 12th of July, 1824; Mr. Stock-
well enlisted in the 151st Penn. Vols., on
the 22d of September, 1862; served as
Drum Major ; was honorably discharged
July 2, 1863 ; there are seven of Mr. Stock-
well's children living; two of them served
in Penn. regiments from the commence
ment until the close of the war.
Stockwell 8. B. farm; S. 4; P. O. Belvidere.
Sweeney — . farm; Sec. 24; P. O. Belvidere.;,

414

Boone county DlEEOTOBYt

w

THURBLY CHARLES, rents farm; Sec. J
30; P. 0. Belvidere.
Thurbly T. farmer; Sec. 26; P. O. Belvidere.i
• Tripp Chas., Sr., farm; S. 8; P.O. Belvidere./
. Tripp E. L. farm; Sec. 18; P. O. Belvidere.V
Tripp John P. farm; S. 18; P. O. Belvidere.
Tripp John P. farm; S. 7; P. O. Belvidere*
Tripp Oliver, farm; Sec. 8; P. O. Belvidere.
AITT CLARK M. farmer; P. O. Bel
videre.
Wait M. C. farmer; Sec. 18; P.O. Belvidere.
Wattles Luther, farm ; 8. 31 ; P.O. Belvidere.
Waugh John, farm ; S. 32; P. O. Belvidere.
"WHITE J. M. Farmer; Sec. 34; P. O.
Belvidere ; born in this Co., Sept. 9, 1835 ;
Republican ; owns 120 acres land, valued
at $4,800.; married Miss Stanley, in Belvi
dere, March 2, 1864; she was born in
New York, July 18, 1838 ; they have five
children.
White John, farmer; P. O. Belvidere.
?"WIFFIN ROBERT, Farmer; Sec.
11; P. O. Garden Prairie; born in Eng
land, March 15, 1807; came to this Co. in
1856; owns 290 acres of land ; married
Miss Lawson, in England, May 24, 1835 ;
she was born in London, in 1804; have
two children living: Mary (now Mrs.
Theobald), born Aug. 8, 1837 ; Jeremiah,
born Dec. 14, 1842 ; he married Miss Mary
Gooch, in this Co., March 13, 1877 ; she .
was born in this Co., Oct. 10, 1853.
Wilbur B. F. rents farm ; S.19 ; P.O.Belvidere.
WILLIAMS MRS. ELIZA-,
RETH, Farmer; Sec. 10; P.O.Belvi
dere; born in this Co., March 11, 1838;
Episcopalian; owns 60 acres land; hus
band was George Williams; he was born
in England, Oct. 10, 1827; died Jan. 30,
1874; he held many offices in the town
until time of his death ; they were married
March 11, 1858; had five children: Sarah
Elizabeth, born Dec. 9, 1858 ; Mary Jane,

Nov. 12, 1860; Charles Henry, Jan. 4,
1863; George Curtis, Nov. 22, 1865; Lucy
Louisa, Feb. 13, 1870.
Winne Francis, farm ; 8. 20 ; P.O. Belvidere.
•WINNE G. F. Farmer; Sec. 20; P. 0.
Belvidere; born in Albany Co., N. Y.,
April 7, 1827; came to this Co. in 1854;
Baptist; owns 204 acres land, valued at
$8,000; married Miss Esther Kendall, in
Albany Co., N. Y., Aug. 31, 1850; she was
born in Kendall Co., N. Y., Sept. 20, 1828;
have had three children : Esther Louisa,
born May 21, 1852, died Nov. 3, 1865;
Francis A., July 15, 1855 ; Homer R., Oct.
7, 1857 ; Sarah (adopted when eight weeks
old), born Sept. 26, 1869.
Winegar George W. farm ; P. O. Belvidere.
?WITT C. F. Farmer; Sec. 29; P.O.
Belvidere; born in Chesterfield, Ham-
shire Co., Mass., Sept. 20, 1811 ; came to
this Co. in 1844; owns 290 acres of land;
Mr. Witt has held various important
offices in the early settlement of the Co.;
has held the office of County Justice six
teen consecutive years; has represented
the township, in which he resides, in
County Board eight years ; been Assessor
four years, Town Clerk two years ; is at
present Town Justice ; has held the office
of School Trustee and Township Treas
urer a number of years; married Miss
Eliza A. Brown, in Michigan, Nov. 23,
1836 ; she was born in Warren Co., N. Y.,
Feb. 9, 1814; have had nine children; five
of them are living.
•Witt Henry C. farm; Sec. 32; P.O.Belvidere.
Witt Isaac N. farm ; Sec. 32 ; P.O.Belvidere.
WOLCOTT WM. Farmer; Sec. 9;
P. O. Belvidere ; born in Penn., Novem
ber, 1835; came to this Co. in 1869; Re
publican ; owns property to the value of
$2,000; married Miss Pluma L. Barton, in
New York ; she was born in Oswego, N.
Y., Jan. 2, 1842.
Wylde Saml. farm ; Sec. 27 ; P. O. Belvidere.

J. D. B ASTER & CO.
The developing of this great western country has brought to the front a few represen
tative men in each of the leading branches of industry. To develop the state, and cause it
to blossom like the rose, necessitated farmers ; and farmers could do nothing without tools
and machines, and the result was far-seeing men, with energy and enterprise, laid the founda
tion of the great industries that, by the aid of capital, have been developed into mammoth
institutions. Among the manufacturers engaged in producing machinery and implements for the
farmers, there is probably nowhere to be found a firm more widely and favorably known, than
that of J. D. Easter & Co., Chicago. They are recognized as the originators and introduc
ers of the celebrated Marsh Harvester, the original of its class, and to-day the most suc
cessful Harvester made. The experience of each year suggests new ideas that are at once
adopted and added to the machine, keeping it in advance of all the other machinery devised
for grain gathering. Heeding the call for an Automatic Grain Binder, they have secured
the most simple and satisfactory device yet invented, and attached it to the Marsh, and to
gether they are the most complete machine for the farmer known for harvesting. Not con
tent with a harvester of common size only, they also make one called the Harvester King ;
which is the Marsh, increased to a six foot cut, and has an immense capacity for work. In
addition to these harvesters, they also make the Warrior Mower, the most perfectly working
grass cutter in the field. With this, as with all machines they make, the very best mater
ial and workmanship is employed, and the Warrior is celebrated for its perfect work and
durability. The Con Sulky Plow, also made by them, is a marvel of perfection in its work. It is
almost amusing to see with what ease a small boy can manage it, and do as satisfactory
work as an experienced man. The independent crank axle adjusts it to any condition or
shape of surface, and it will work any where that a plow can be asked to run.
Their experience in the field, among the farmers and stock men, brought to their
notice the need of automatic pumps that can be depended on. To meet this necessity
they commenced the manufacture of the Marsh Wind Mill, to all intents 'and purposes the
same as any other mill, save in one important feature, and that is its graduating crank, by
which the amount of work done by the mill is wholly governed by the winds, the stroke to
the pump being changed from about three inches to eight inches, so that it will work in a
lighter wind than any other wind mill made, and in strong winds increases its work, by
which means it will do more pumping, by half, than any other of the same size. These
facts, we are assured, can be demonstrated at any time.
These are the leading machines they make. In addition to them, they also make the
Easter Harvester, in two sizes — 6 % and 5 feet cut ; the Marsh Riding Cultivator ; a Header
Attachment for the Harvester, etc., making them the manufacturers of the largest assort
ment of large and useful farm implements and machines in the country. To have room in
which to do all the work required in supplying these to the farmers, they built a substan-
stantial brick block at Nos. 14 and 18, South Canal Street, 50x150, three stories high, where
they have a most complete and convenient warehouse and offices, and can transact their
immense business without delay or confusion.

A. H. Andrews & Co.,
211 & 313 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO, ILL.
Largest Manupactueees in the Woeld of
School, Church, Office & Bank Fittings,
School Globes (bSbHO, Apparatus, Maps and Charts.

School Furniture and Apparatus.
We believe that we
Andrews' "Triumph" Desk. The best offer thg 0|lly ScllOOl

in the world, because Dove
tailed together.

Desk that is durable,
and which will grow
stronger and stronger
by use and time.
It is made by dove
tailing the iron into the
wood, and the shrink
ing of the wood only
tightens the work.
School Officers, will ob
serve that we received the
highest award for the Tri
umph School Desjcs at the
Philadelphia Internation
al Exposition 0/1876.

Church.Hall

-AND-

Sunday School Fittings.

Send for Illustrated Catalogue of
School, Church and Office
furniture,
Marquetry Flooring, &c.

No. 613.

We have very large facilities
for the manufacture of
Church Furniture,
SUCH AS
Pulpits, Pews,
Chairs, Settees, &c.

Sunday School Seats,
Estimates sent on short notice.

No. 180.
Sunday Sohooi. Settee. Arranged for
sweeping or for entering the Pew.
A reversible Beat corresponding accom
panies the above to alternate.

3 9002