CATALOGUE OF PAINTINGS BY
COLONEL TRUMBULL

Art
1 Locked
\ J18 831 T

YALE UNIVERSITY
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
LIBRARY

CATALOGUE

PAINTINGS,

COLONEL T^RUMBULL;
INCLUDING
NINE SUBJECTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION,
WITH
NEAR TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY PORTRAITS
OF PERSONS DISTINGUISHED IN THAT
IMPORTANT PERIOD.
PAINTED BY HIM FROM THE LIFE.

NOW EXHIBITING, AT THE
GALLERY OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS,
CHAMBERS-STREET.

Admittance to the Exhibition, .... 25 cents.
Catalogue,  12J cento.

NATHANIEL B. HOLMES
1831.

NEW-YORK i
LUDWIQ & tOLEFREE, FRIHTERS,
No. 71, Vesey-Btreet.

?3lT

INTRODUCTION.

In submitting to the view of the public the Series of Paint
ings commemorating important events of the American Revo
lution, the consideration, that an entire generation of men
have passed away since the enterpriz'e was commenced, and
that very few are now living who were actors in the scenes
represented, renders it proper to give some historical account
of their origin, in order to establish their claim to authenti
city. The artist, by whom they have been painted, was one of
the aids-du-camp of General Washington, in the first year of
the Revolution;, (1775,) and in the succeeding year, (1776,)
was deputy-adjutant general of the Northern Department,
under the command of Major General Gates. Disgusted by
the irregular promotion of some junior officers, by which they
obtained precedency of rank, he retired from the service in
the spring of 1777.
Ardently anticipating the vast consequences of the Revolu
tion, and the future greatness of his country, he was deeply
mortified at the impossibility thus incurred of attaching his
name in a military character to the glories which he thought
he foresaw, — and having a natural taste for drawing, in which
he had already made some progress, (see No. 10,) Colonel
Trumbull resolved to cultivate that talent, with the hope of

INTRODUCTION.

thus binding his name to the great events of the time, by be
coming the graphic historiographer of them, and of his early
comrades. With this view, he devoted himself to the study of the art
of painting, first in America, and afterwards in Europe ; and
in the year 1786, he produced in London, his first considerable
historical work, the Death of General Warren at the Battle
of Bunker's Hill. (No. 1. of this collection.)
John Adams, afterwards president of the United States, was
at that time their minister in London ; and Thomas Jefferson
held the same high rank in Paris. The artist was well known
by both these distinguished men, and this his first patriotic
work of art, was seen and appreciated by both. He explain
ed to them his intention of painting a series of pictures, in
commemoration of the principal events of the Revolution, in
which should be preserved as far as possible, faithful portraits
of those who had been conspicuous actors in the various
scenes, whether civil or military, as well as accurate details
of the dress, manners, arms, &c. of the times ; with all
which he had been familiarly acquainted. Mr. Adams and
Mr. Jefferson encouraged him in the prosecution of this plan,
and with their approbation the following subjects were se
lected :
The Death of General Warren, at Bunker's Hill.
The Death of General Montgomery, at Quebec.
The Declaration of Independence.
The Capture of the Hessians, at Trenton.
The Death of General Mercer at Princeton.
The Surrender of General Burgoyne, at Saratoga.
The Treaty with France.
The Battle of Eutaw Springs.
The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, at Yorktown.
The Treaty of Peace.
The Evacuation of New-York.
The Resignation of General Washington.

INTRODUCTION.

It was intended to publish a series of engravings from these
pictures, and therefore a small size was adopted, suited to the
use of the engraver.
Several of the compositions were immediately studied and
prepared for the future introduction of the intended portraits,
particularly the Declaration of Independence ; so that, before
the two great men, before named, returned from their re
spective embassies to the United States, their portraits were
painted in the work now submitted to view (No. 3.) — the
one in London, the other in Paris. — The portraits of French
Officers in the picture of the Surrender of Lord Cornwallis,
(No. 7) were also painted from life, in Paris, in the house
of Mr. Jefferson, in the year 1787.
After the present Constitution of the United States had been
adopted, the Artist returned to America, in the autumn of
1789, to pursue his patriotic work. He found Congress as
sembled in New-York, then the seat of government ; and
having procured the portraits of General Washington, and
many other distinguished characters in the several composi
tions for which they were intended, he afterwards travelled
through various parts of the country, from New-Hampshire
to South Carolina, in search of others ; and in 1794 had
nearly completed the collection of Portraits, views of places,
and all the various materials necessary to the execution of his
entire plan.
During this period, the work attracted much attention, and
was generally approved. All saw the correctness of the por
traits — many knew the accuracy of the circumstances record
ed ; and it was proposed to employ the Artist to execute the
entire series for the nation. This proposal failed to be car
ried into effect ; not through any opposition from any quarter
to the propriety and fitness of the object, but because the na
tion then possessed no building proper to receive and preserve
such works ; and because doubts existed then, as they have
since, in the minds of some gentlemen, whether Congress pos-

6 INTRODUCTION.
sessed the right of appropriating public money to such pur
poses. In the mean time the French Revolution had commenced,
and its subsequent convulsions diverted the attention of all
mankind, during many years, from the Fine Arts, and from
all the works and thoughts of peace ; and the further prose
cution of this object was suspended, until the Government of
the United States, in the year 1816, were pleased to pass a
resolution, authorising the Artist to execute four of the sub
jects for the nation ; — just thirty years after he had painted
the Battle of Bunker's Hill.
The attention of the Artist was exclusively devoted to the
execution of this honourable commission, until it was com
pleted, when he resumed the small set of these unfinished
studies ; and although the lapse of near forty years might
have been expected to have impaired his sight in a degree
which would have prevented the possibility of finishing such
small works, yet, by the blessing of God, he has accomplished
his original purpose to the extent, and with the degree of suc
cess with which it is now submitted to public examination.

No. 1.— THE BATTLE OF BUNKER'S HILL.
JUNE 17th, 1775.
The Revolution which effected the separation of the Bri
tish Colonies in North America from the parent state, and
laid the foundation of the present United States, forms, and
will forever remain, the most interesting period of human his
tory. There have been many wars, in ancient as well as mo
dern times, marked by more extensive devastation and ruin,
but these have generally resulted in the establishment of some
new variety of despotism, or some mere change of dynasty ;
while this Revolution has not only produced the establishment
of a new and mighty empire, but an empire founded on a new
principle, the principle that man, under the guidance of the
representative system, is capable of governing himself, with
out the aid of autocracy, oligarchy, or aristocracy. The ex
periment is sublime — has hitherto proved successful ; and]may
Providence secure its lasting success, so that its influence,
which is already extensively felt by many nations, may per
manently affect the happiness of the human race.
Among the many unwise measures of the British Govern
ment, of which it is the province of history to preserve the
unhappy record, perhaps no one had a more fatal effect in
alienating the minds of the colonists, or led more directly or
more surely to the great result of separation, than the act of
Parliament, passed in the year 1766, known by the name of
the declaratory act, which, with a strange and blind fatality,
accompanied the auspicious repeal of the Stamp Act. By
this it was declared, " that the British Parliament had the
right to pass laws binding the colonies in all cases whatso-

8 BATTLE OF BUNKER S HILL.
This declaration was in such direct contradiction to the
universally received opinion of the British people, that repre
sentation, taxation, and legislation, were inseparably connect
ed, that it at once revolted the feelings of all thinking men in
the colonies ; cancelled the otherwise salutary effect of the
repeal of the obnoxious Stamp Act ; and gave rise to a series
of the most eloquent and powerful essays on the origin, na
ture, and obligation of government, that had ever before been
submitted to the examination of the human understanding.
All tended to one point ; and error after error on the one
hand, confirming the profound reasonings which had thus
been provoked on the other, the result became inevitable.
Hostilities commenced at Lexington, on the 1 9th of April,
1775. On the first news of this affair, the youth and yeo
manry of New-England hurried to Boston " en masse," with
such arms as they could command, and the British troops
were shut up in the town, by a numerous assemblage of en
thusiastic men, brave but undisciplined, badly armed, ill-sup
plied with ammunition, destitute of military uniforms or equip
ments ; cartridges and cartridge-boxes were rare, bayonets
almost unknown, and a great proportion of these heroic men
possessed only fowling pieces, with some powder in their
horns, and a few bullets in their pockets.
Science was as imperfect among the officers high in com
mand, as was discipline among the inferior officers and troops.
Little was or could be done during the sixty days which
elapsed between the 19th of April and the 17th of June, to
reduce this assemblage to order and discipline ; yet, such was
the zeal of the moment, that the determination was taken to ad
vance from Cambridge and to establish a post on Breed's Hill,
the nearest point of approach to Boston, distant little more
than half a mile from the North part of the town ; and on the
evening of the 16th of June, a detachment of 12 or 1500 men,
commanded by General Putnam and Colonel Prescott, march
ed for this purpose, arrived at the spot selected at 10 o'clock,

BATTLE OF BUNKER S HILL. W
and commenced throwing up a small redoubt, traces of which
were visible a few years since, and probably may still be
found on the ground now marked by. the Monument.
The British had no knowledge of this movement, until day
light exposed to their view the progress which had been made ;
from the moment of this discovery they opened a heavy fire
from ships and batteries, which was continued incessantly
through the day, until the attack of the works was made in
form by the troops under the command of Gen. Howe, in the
afternoon of June 17th. Thus, from 10 o'clock in the eve
ning until 4 o'clock in the morning, six hours, was all the
time which this gallant detachment had to prosecute their
work without interruption ; they were not relieved in the
morning, but remained all day under the fire of the enemy,
labouring to complete their work, which they ultimately de
fended, under the immediate orders of the gallant veteran
Prescott, with the most unyielding bravery ; and quitted their
post only when their ammunition was entirely expended.
In the course of the day other troops were ordered down
from Cambridge to support this first detachment, some of
whom were deterred from attempting to cross Charlestown
neck by the fire of the hostile floating batteries ; while others,
fearlessly dashed on, and took up positions on the left of the
redoubt, thus forming a line which extended from the redoubt
on the right, to Mystic river on the left ; securing their
front, at least in appearance, by throwing together fences,
new-mown hay, and whatever else was moveable, and could
afford some show of shelter.
Joseph Warren, an eminent physician of Boston, had for
some time been distinguished as an ardent and eloquent sup
porter of the rights of his country : at this time he was a very
influential member of the provincial Congress, assembled at
Watertown, near Cambridge, and a few days preceding the
battle had been elected a major-general, but as yet had as
sumed no command. He was dressed, and going out to dine,
2

10 BATTLE OF BUNKER'S HILL.
when the increasing din of the action impelled him to gallop
to the scene, where he arrived almost at the moment of de
feat ; and was killed by a ball passing through the head. This
is the moment chosen for the painting, which, of course, is
limited to that part of the scene which was near the redoubt,
and where the death of Gen. Warren, and the obstinate re
sistance of men almost unarmed to well armed and disciplined
troops, is meant to be shown.
In a scene of such extent and confusion as the entire battle,
half hidden of course by smoke, it was impossible to represent
the equal gallantry of those brave troops who formed the line
of defence between the redoubt and Mystic river, where Ma
jor Knowlton and many others distinguished themselves by
the coolest bravery and the soundest judgment.
This painting represents the moment when (the Americans
having expended their ammunition) the British troops became
completely successful and masters of the field. At this last
moment of the action, General Warren was killed by a mus
ket ball, through the head. The principal group represents
him expiring- — a soldier on his knees supports him, and with
one hand wards off the bayonet of a British grenadier, who,
in the heat and fury natural at such a moment, aims to re
venge the death of a favourite officer who has just fallen at his
feet. Colonel Small (whose conduct in America was always
equally distinguished by acts of humanity and kindness to his
enemies, as by bravery and fidelity to the cause he served,)
had been intimately connected with General Warren — saw
him fall, and flew to save him. He is represented seizing the
musket of the grenadier to prevent the fatal blow, and speak
ing to his friend — it was too late ; the General had barely
life remaining to recognize the voice of friendship ; he had
lost the power of speech, and expired with a smile of mingled
gratitude and triumph. Near him several Americans, whose
ammunition is expended, although destitute of bayonets, are
seen to persist in a resistance obstinate and desperate, but

BATTLE OF BUNKER' S HILL. U
fruitless. Near this side of the painting is seen General Put
nam, reluctantly ordering the retreat of these brave men ;
while beyond him a party of the American troops oppose
their last fire to the victorious column of the enemy.
Behind Colonel Small is seen Colonel Pitcairn of the Bri
tish Marines, mortally wounded, and falling in the arms of his
son, to whom he was speaking at the fatal moment.
General Howe who commanded the British troops, and
General Clinton who, towards the close of the action, offered
his service as a volunteer, are seen behind the principal group.
On the right of the painting, a young American, wounded
in the sword hand, and in the breast, has begun to retire, at
tended by a faithful negro ; but seeing his general fall, hesi
tates whether to save himself, or, wounded as he is, to return
and assist in saving a life, more precious to his country than
his own.
Behind this group are seen the British column ascending
the hill, — grenadiers, headed by an officer bearing the Bri
tish colours, mounting the feeble entrenchments ; and more
distant, the Somerset ship of war (which lay during the ac
tion between Boston and Charlestown,) — the North end of
Boston, with the battery on Cop's Hill ; and the harbour,
shipping, &c. &c.
No part of the town of Charlestown is seen ; but the dark
smoke indicates the conflagration.
Such was the irregularity of official returns at the time, that
the number of American troops, engaged on this occasion, was
never ascertained with any degree of accuracy ; they were
estimated variously from 1500 to 3000 : the latter number
was probably nearest the truth. It was admitted that their
loss amounted to at least 450 in killed, wounded, and missing ;
only 30 prisoners, however, fell into the hands of the British,
and they were all wounded.
The British Annual Register of that year, admits the num
ber engaged on their side to have been 3000 ; and states

12 DEATH OF GEN. MONTGOMERY.
their loss (from official returns) to have amounted to 1054,
of whom 226 were killed, and 828 wounded : of this number
19 officers, including one lieut. colonel, and two majors
were killed, and 70 others wounded.
The Artist was on that day adjutant of the first regiment
of Connecticut troops, stationed at Roxbury ; and saw the
action from that point.

No. 2.— THE DEATH OF GEN. MONTGOMERY, IN
THE ATTACK OF QUEBEC.
DECEMBER 31st, 1775.
The history of that part of the war of the Revolution,
which was carried on in what was called the northern depart
ment, is full of events of deep and romantic interest, as well
as of important instruction. So early as 1775, in the very
first moments of the contest, it was determined to attempt the
reduction of Canada, and its annexation to the general con
federacy. For this purpose, a body of troops, under the
command of General Montgomery, advanced by the obvious
route of Lake Champlain, to attack the enemy at the heart,
not in the remote extremities : Ticonderoga, St. John's,
Chambly, and Montreal, were in his possession on the 12th
of November.
In the meantime, an enterprise was planned at Cambridge,
and placed under the direction of General Arnold, to co-ope
rate in the reduction of Quebec, which for brilliancy of con
ception, and hardihood of attempt, and for partial, though not
ultimate success, may justly be ranked with the passage of
the Alps, by either the ancient or the modern Hannibal.
The expedition, composed only of 1100 men, left Cam
bridge, the head-quarters of the grand army, before Boston,
on the 13th of September, 1775, embarked at Newburyport,

DEATH OF GEN. MONTGOMERY. 13
and arrived at the mouth of the Kennebeck river on the 20th ;
ascended that river, then very imperfectly known, through
a thinly peopled country, following its course so long as it af
forded any facilities of communication or transport ; then en
tering upon a tract of mountainous country, utterly unex
plored by civilized man, pursued a course through the wil
derness, which their gallant leader, like another Columbus,
calculated would lead to those streams, which running north
wardly, must fall into the St. Lawrence : his calculations
were correct ; he struck upon the head waters of the Chau-
diere, which empties into the St. Lawrence, a few miles above,
and in sight of the city of Quebec, arrived at Point Levi on
the 5th of November, and on the the 14th crossing the river
at the head of 500 men, he landed at Wolf's Cove, marched
to the plains of Abraham, and presented himself before the
walls of the city. The hardships, difficulties, and dangers of
this march, had discouraged the last division of the troops ;
and their commander, Col. Enos, yielding to the clamours
and despondence of his men, had abandoned the enterprise,
and returned to Cambridge. Weakened by this defection, by
fatigue, and consequent sickness, General Arnold found him
self under the walls of Quebec, at the head of a force too
feeble to attempt to take possession of the glorious prize
which lay within his grasp, and it became necessary to defer
any attack upon the town until the arrival and co-operation
of General Montgomery. In the mean time, Sir Guy Carle-
ton, governor of the province, learning the danger of the
capital, flew to its aid, and threw himself into the town a few
days before the arrival of General Montgomery, and the junc
tion of the American forces, which took place on the first of
December. Winter now interposed to suspend the hostile
efforts of the combatants, in vain.
The term of service for which the American troops
had enlisted, generally expired on the 1st day of January,
1776, and it was found that there existed great reluctance

14 DEATH OF GEN. MONTGOMERY.
to enter into any further engagement. General Montgomery
therefore resolved to make one last effort, and in defiance of
frost, snow, and tempest, a gallant, but desperate attempt,
was made on the night of the 30th December, to carry Que
bec by storm. The attack was made in two columns, one
under the immediate command of General Montgomery at
tempted the lower town ; the other, commanded by General
Arnold, was directed against the upper.
The discharge of a single cannon was fatal to General
Montgomery, and his two aids-du-camp, and this misfortune
occasioned the retreat of his column. General Arnold,
in the mean time, had been partially successful in his attack,
when he was wounded, and carried off the field, and the
garrison concentrating all their force against his column, they
were hemmed in and reduced to the necessity of laying down
their arms ; and many gallant officers and men remained
prisoners of war. Happy would it have been for Arnold, if,
instead of being wounded, he too had died, since by his sub
sequent treason at West Point, he blasted forever, the glory
of his most gallant conduct on this occasion.
That part of the scene is chosen where General Montgo
mery commanded in person ; and that moment, when by his
unfortunate death, the plan of attack was entirely disconcert
ed, and the consequent retreat of his column, decided at once
the fate of the place, and of such of the assailants as had
already entered at another point.
The principal group represents the death of General Mont
gomery, who, together with his two aids-du-camp, Major
M'Pherson, and Captain Cheesman, fell by a discharge of
grape shot, from the cannon of the place. The General is
represented as expiring, supported by two of his officers, and
surrounded by others, among whom is Colonel Campbell, on
whom the command devolved, and by whose order a retreat
was immediately begun.
Grief and surprize mark the countenances of the various
characters. The earth covered with snow — trees stripped

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 15
of their foliage — the desolation of winter, and the gloom of
night, heighten the melancholy character of the scene.

No. 3.— DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
JULY 4th, 1776.
To preserve the resemblance of the men who were the au
thors of this memorable act, was an essential object of this
painting. Important difficulties presented themselves to the
artist at the outset, for although only ten years had then elap
sed since the date of the event, it was already difficult to as
certain who were the individuals to be represented. Should
he regard the fact of having been actually present in the
room on the 4th of July, indispensable 1 Should he admit
those only who were in favour of, and reject those who were
opposed to the act % Where a person was dead, and no au
thentic portrait could be obtained, should he admit ideal
heads 1 These were questions on which Mr. Adams and
Mr. Jefferson were consulted, and they concurred in the ad
vice, that with regard to the characters to be introduced, the
signatures of the original act, (which is still preserved in the
office of state,) ought to be the general guide. That por
traits ought, however, to be admitted, of those who were op
posed to, and of course did not sign, as well as of those who
voted in favour of the Declaration, and did sign it, particular
ly John Dickinson of Delaware, author of the Farmer's Let
ters, who was the most eloquent and powerful opposer of the
measure ; not indeed of its principle, but of the fitness of the
act at that time, which he considered premature. And they
particularly recommended, that wherever it was possible, the
artist should obtain his portrait from the living person ; that
where any one was dead, he should be careful to copy the
finest portrait that could be obtained ; but that in case of

16 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
death, where no portrait could be obtained, (and there
were many such instances, for, anterior to the Revolution the
arts had been very little attended to, except in one or two of
the cities,) he should by no means admit any ideal represen
tation, lest, it being known that some such were to be found
in the painting, a doubt of the truth of others should be ex
cited in the minds of posterity ; and that, in short, absolute
authenticity should be attempted, as far as it could be attained.
The artist was governed by this advice, and spared neither
labour nor expense in obtaining his portraits from the living
men. Mr. Adams was painted in London ; Mr. Jefferson in
Paris ; Mr. Hancock and Samuel Adams in Boston ; Mr.
Edward Rutledge in Charleston, South-Carolina ; Mr. Wythe
at Williamsburgh, in Virginia ; Mr. Bartlett at Exeter, in
New-Hampshire, &c. &c. &c. Yet, after all this care, he
has been accused, by the Virginia delegation in Congress, for
having excluded, (as it was called,) some persons who were
dead, and of whom no portrait could be found ; so impossi
ble is it to give universal satisfaction.
In order to give some variety to his composition, he found
it necessary to depart from the usual practice of reporting an
act, and has made the whole committee of five advance to the
table of the president, to make their report, instead of hav
ing the chairman rise in his place for the purpose : the silence
and solemnity of the scene, offered such real difficulties to a
picturesque and agreeable composition, as to justify, in his
opinion, this departure from custom and perhaps fact. Si
lence and solemnity he thought essential to the dignity of the
subject ; yet for this he has been criticised by some, who did
not consider that levity or inattention would have been un
worthy on such an occasion, and in such an assembly. The
dresses are faithfully copied from the costume of the time,
and have also been criticised as too courtly, by those who for
get that the present fashion of pantaloons and trowsers was
then unknown, except among sailors, and have succeeded to
the sans culottism of France.

CAPTURE OF THE HESSIANS. 17
The room is copied from that in which Congress held their
sessions at. the time, such as it was before the spirit of inno
vation laid unhallowed hands upon it, and violated its venera
ble walls by modern improvement, as it is called.
The artist also took the liberty of embellishing the back
ground, by suspending upon the wall, military flags and tro
phies ; such had been taken from the enemy at St. John's,
Chambly, &c. and probably were actually placed in the hall.
In fact, nothing has been neglected by the artist, that was
in his power, to render this a faithful memorial of the great
event.

No. 4.— CAPTURE OF THE HESSIANS AT
TRENTON.
DECEMBER 26th, 1776.
The campaign of 1 776 was one continued series of disas
ters : — The defeat on Long-Island — the loss of New-York —
the indecisive battle at White - Plains — and the_ capture of
Fort Washington — were followed by a rapid retreat through
New-Jersey ; and the fragments of the army did not feel
themselves safe until they had crossed the Delaware, and se
cured upon the west side of the river, all the boats which were
to be found ; here the exhausted troops enjoyed a few days of
repose, and were joined by some reinforcements from Penn
sylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, and by such part of the
northern army, under General Gates, as could be spared from
that quarter; the entire force when united, amounting to
perhaps 4 or 5000 men.
The enemy, in the mean time, finding it impossible to cross
the Delaware, and push on immediately to Philadelphia, as they
had intended, left a strong corps of Hessian troops command
ed by Col. Rahl, at Trenton, and another, also Hessians,
3

18 CAPTURE OF THE HESSIANS.
commanded by Col. Count Donop, at Bordentown, and with
drew their main force to Brunswick, where they established
their magazines, &c.
Washington, now like a chafed lion, meditated vengeance
against his pursuers, and having ascertained the position and
strength of his enemy in Trenton and Bordentown, and that
it consisted entirely of German troops who were accustomed
to keep Christmas with great festivity, he determined upon
attempting to surprise them on the following morning, when
the revelry of the night would probably leave them off their
guard : the necessary dispositions were accordingly made for
crossing the Delaware, in three divisions ; one near Borden
town, one just below Trenton, and the principal force, under
his own personal command, some few miles above Trenton.
The night proved tempestuous, with snow and hail. The
river was rendered almost impassable by drifting ice, and
thus the elements conspired to remove from the minds of the
devoted Germans all apprehension of an attack. The divi
sion under the immediate command of Washington, crossedthe
river with great difficulty, marched down on the east shore,
and were not discovered until they presented themselves at
the northern extremity of the town, a little before sunrise.
The Germans, particularly the regiment of Rahl, flew to
their arms, and for a few minutes made a very spirited but
ineffectual resistance. The result of the attack was com
pletely successful — and the principal part of the three German
regiments of Rahl, Lossberg, and Knyphausen, to the number
of 918, were made prisoners — in killed and wounded they lost
30 or 40 men; the remainder escaped across the creek down
the river, and joined their comrades at Bordentown — the medi
tated attack on that post having been prevented by the impos
sibility of crossing the river.
Six light battallion brass cannon also fell into the hands of
the victor, whose loss was really trifling. Two officers were
wounded — Mr. Monroe, late President of the United States,

DEATH OF GEN. MERCER. 19
then a captain in the Virginia troops, dangerously — and Wm.
Washington, then a lieutenant — afterwards the celebrated
cavalry officer, slightly.
When the conflict was ended Gen. Washington walked his
horse over the field to see that the wounded were properly
attended to. Among them he observed an officer richly
dressed in the hostile uniform, and upon inquiry found that
this was Col. Rahl, commanding officer of the enemy. He
immediately called one of his aids-du-camp, Col. William
Smith, and gave this memorable order : "Smith, take charge
of this gentleman ; see him carefully and kindly conveyed to
a house : call our best surgeons to his assistance, and let us
save his life if possible." Col. Rahl died in the afternoon,
but the memory of this act should never die.
The magnanimous kindness displayed by Washington, on
this occasion, offers a sublime example of true heroism, and
well deserves to be imitated by all military men. The artist
chose this subject, and composed the picture for the express
purpose of giving a lesson to all living and future soldiers in
the service of his country, to show mercy and kindness to
a fallen enemy — their enemy no longer, when wounded and
in their power.
In the afternoon, the army re-crossed the Delaware, with the
trophies of their victory, and the next day the prisoners and
artillery which had been taken were marched off to Philadel
phia, where their arrival caused the most unbounded joy.

No. 5.— DEATH OF GEN. MERCER, AT THE BAT
TLE OF PRINCETON.
JANUARY 3d, 1777.
Alarmed by the success of the attack upon Trenton, the
enemy immediately withdrew all their posts from the banks of
the Delaware and concentrated their forces in Princeton and

20 DEATH OF GEN. MERCER.
Brunswick. On the other hand, Gen. Washington having
received considerable reinforcements, re-crossed the river,
and again took possession of Trenton, with a view to further
offensive operations. On the 2d of January, 1777, Lord
Cornwallis, having resumed the command of the British
troops, marched with his whole force to attack him. Wash
ington, at his approach, abandoned the town of Trenton, and
took his position on the south side of the creek. Some skir
mishing followed, and a severe cannonade, with an unsuccess
ful attempt to force the passage of the bridge, closed the
events of the day. The British troops, to the number of near
10,000 occupied Trenton — one brigade was halted about
six miles in their rear, and another brigade, composed of the
17th, 40th, and 55th regiments, under the command of Col.
Mawhood, passed the night at Princeton. All these corps
were ordered to unite at Trenton early in the following
morning, with the expectation of overwhelming the Americans.
General Washington saw his danger. The troops he com
manded were very inferior in number as well as in discipline
and in arms. The Delaware had become absolutely impassa
ble in the presence of such an enemy. To retreat down the
east bank, and attempt to cross at or near Philadelphia, was
equally hopeless ; and he resolved to extricate himself, by
falling into the rear of the enemy, and by breaking the line of
his communications, forcing him in his turn to abandon his
favourite attempt upon Philadelphia, for the security of his
own magazines and depots at Princeton and Brunswick. In
execution of this daring and almost desperate plan, he took
the necessary precaution for keeping up the fires, and every
other appearance of still occupying his camp ; and leaving
small parties commanded by confidential officers to go the
rounds and guard the bridge and fords, he withdrew his
troops in the dead of night, with the most profound silence ;
and commenced his march to the east, keeping the creek be
tween him and his enemy.

DEATH OF GEN. MERCER. 21
On the morning of the 3d of January, a little before sun
rise, and at a short distance from Princeton, the leading
division under the command of General Mercer, fell in with
the 17th British regiment commanded by Col. Mawhood, who
had just commenced their march to join Lord Cornwallis at
Trenton. The meeting was equally unexpected to both par
ties, and both for a moment were disconcerted — but they met
on very unequal terms. The British had slept warm at
Princeton, had breakfasted, and were in high spirits with the
expectation of a certain and decisive victory; while the Ameri
cans, having marched all night, were benumbed with cold,
exhausted with fatigue and hunger, and felt little anticipation,
but of defeat. A deadly conflict was unavoidable, and was
maintained by the Americans, with the courage of despera
tion, until the horse of General Mercer was killed under him,
and before he could disengage himself, and get upon his feet,
he was attacked by two grenadiers, and mortally wounded.
The division, upon the loss of their commander gave way,
and for a moment the British were triumphant.
Washington saw the imminence and extent of the danger,
and the utter irretrievable ruin to the cause of his country,
which would be the consequence of ultimate defeat ; and
having formed the troops which followed, into a close column,
he placed himself at their head, and advanced to meet the
enemy. A sanguinary and obstinate struggle followed, in
which the 17th British regiment was nearly annihilated ; the
55th was not much less severely cut up, and with difficulty
effected a retreat on Brunswick ; to which place the 40th
also escaped by a circuitous road, and with, less loss.
The loss of lives was considerable on both sides ; 200
prisoners remained in the hands of the Americans, who im
mediately continued their march, with the intention of push
ing on to Brunswick, and there burning the enemy's ma
gazines ; but upon examining the condition of the troops,
during a short halt at Kingston, it was found that although

22 DEATH OF GEN. MERCER.
they were in high spirits, yet their physical force was too far
exhausted by cold, fatigue, and hunger ; their march might
be traced upon the frozen ground by the blood from their
lacerated feet, their shoes, as well as other clothing, being
utterly inadequate to the extreme rigour of the season ; in
addition to which, their ammunition was found to be nearly ex
hausted. Under these circumstances, the attempt upon
Brunswick was reluctantly abandoned, and the army filed off
to the north, by an obscure road opposite to the stage house,
in Kingston, and took up a strong position in the hilly coun
try towards Morristown.
In the mean time, Lord Cornwallis, secure of his prey,
waited with impatience for morning, when he was astonished
by a heavy firing far in his rear ; and upon examination, found
that his enemy was gone, and that nothing remained of the
hostile camp, but the ashes of the fires by which he had been
deluded. He instantly comprehended the nature and extent
of the evil — that Princeton and Brunswick were exposed to
imminent danger, and without one moment of unnecessary
delay, he commenced his retrogade march for their relief.
In a few days the British army lately so triumphant, was re
duced to the very narrow limits of Brunswick and Amboy,
owing their security even in them, principally to the open
communication with New-York by sea ; while the Ameri
cans occupied all other points of East as well as of West
Jersey, and often insulted their enemy within their narrow
quarters. Thus in the short space of nine days, an extensive coun
try, an entire State, was wrested from the hands of a victori
ous enemy, superior in numbers, in arms, and in discipline,
by the wisdom, activity, and energy of one great mind.
It is not too much to say, that in the history of war, it
would be difficult to find a parallel event ; even in the histo
ry of Napoleon, whom mankind have agreed to view with
such blind admiration. He was at the head of a nation which

SURRENDER OF GEN. BURGOYNE. 23
had made war a scientific study for ages— a nation abound
ing in men at once enthusiastic and disciplined, as well as in
all the munitions and equipage of war. With such means at
his disposal, the success of Buonaparte ought not to excite
surprise. But his history offers no point when with inferior
and inadequate means he baffled a victorious enemy, and
wrested from him as in a moment, the fruits of an arduous
and successful campaign.

No. 6.— SURRENDER OF GENERAL BURGOYNE.
OCTOBER 16th, 1777.
The conquest of Canada, was, from the day of the unfor
tunate attack on Quebec, an idle dream ; it was well known
that in May, reinforcements would arrive from England ; yet
great, but ineffectual efforts were made on the American side ;
and General Thomas first, and afterwards General Sullivan,
were sent on with very considerable forces. The small pox
and sickness, joined with the efforts of the enemy, to render
a retreat as dangerous and difficult, as it was necessary.
General Thomas died, and the broken fragments of the inva
ders fell back upon Crown Point and Ticonderoga : where in
the close of June, they were met by General Gates, who had
been sent to assume the command of the northern depart
ment. His first object was of course to obtain a return of the
force and condition of the army. It was found to consist of
5200 men, of whom about 2800 were so sick, as to require to
be sent to the hospital, which had been established at the
head or southern extremity of Lake George ; and when these,
with the number necessary to serve as nurses, were removed,
the force remaining for active service was too small to offer
any effectual resistance to the victorious enemy, had he pos-

24 SURRENDER OF GEN. BURGOYNE.
sessed the means of following up his success. Happily Gene
ral Sullivan, on whom had devolved the command of this
disastrous retreat, had with great skill and exertion found
means either to destroy or withdraw all the Vessels and boats
on Lake Champlain, so that the victors were compelled to re
main at St. John's until they could construct others.
The summer was passed by the contending parties, at the
two extremities of the Lake, in preparations to give or to re
pel the attack ; the works at Ticonderoga were strengthened —
and each endeavoured to secure the command of the Lake,
by constructing a fleet : these met on the 11th of October,
when the American squadron was defeated, and the enemy
advanced to Crown Point, and reconnoitered Ticonderoga.
But the lateness of the season, and the formidable display of
apparent force on our side deterred Sir Guy Carleton from
making an attack. The defences of this post had been so
extended, as to require at least 10,000 men, and they were
occupied for a short time by 13,500, chiefly New-England
militia. It was not only believed by some, but at length de
monstrated by actual experiment, that this extended position
was overlooked and completely commanded by Sugar-Loaf
Hill, which forms the northern extremity of that mountain
ridge, which separates Lake George from Wood Creek, the
southern and narrow part of Champlain ; and this important
point, elevated 600 feet above the level of the water, had
never been occupied by French, English or Americans.
The spring of 1777, found General St. Clair, occupying
the extensive works of Ticonderoga with only 3000 men, all
the force that could be spared for the defence of that point.
On the first of July, General Burgoyne appeared before
the place, at the head of 8000 men, and immediately occupi
ed Mount Hope, on the left of our position, distant about
1000 yards from the old French lines, so memorable for the
defeat of General Abercrombie, in 1 757. He was thus mas
ter of the outlet of Lake George, and on the next night he

SURRENDER OF GEN. BURGOYNE. 5K>
occupied the summit of Sugar-Loaf Hill, with several pieces
of heavy artillery, and from that moment it became unavoid
ably necessary to abandon Ticonderoga ; this was effected in
the course of the following day, by General St. Clair, with as
little loss or disorder as could be expected under such circum
stances, and the troops commenced their retreat, on the east
side of the Lake, and after various skirmishes and some loss,
fell back as far as Stillwater, on the North River, 20 miles
above Albany ; here they were met by reinforcements, and
halted, and General Gates again assumed the command.
General St. Clair was very severely censured for thus los
ing this important post. But his means were entirely inade
quate to its defence, and he merited applause rather for hav
ing extricated himself with so little loss, from a very difficult
situation, and for having saved part of the garrison, which
formed the nucleus of that force, which, before the close of
the campaign, reversed its character.
General Burgoyne followed up his success with great cau
tion, advancing slowly, and bringing on his entire park of
artillery, with all its attirail ; and it was not until September
that he approached General Gates, at Stillwater, where a
partial and indecisive action took place on the 20th. On the
7th of October, a decisive action was fought at Behmus's
heights. On the 8th, General Burgoyne found his situation
so critical, that he abandoned his camp, and commenced a
retreat towards Canada ; but finding bad roads — broken
bridges — and hostile parties posted at every disputable point,
and hovering around him on all sides, he halted, and took post
at Saratoga, where, on the 17th, his army surrendered, under
a convention, of which the following were the two first ar
ticles. ARTICLES OF CONVENTION
BETWEEN L1EUTENANT-GENEKA1, BCTROOYNE AWD MAJOR-GENERAL GATES.
1 . " The troops under Lieutenant-General Burgoyne, to
march out of their camp with the honours of war, and the
4

26 SURRENDER OF GEN. BURGOYNE.
artillery of the entrenchments, to the verge of the river
where the old fort stood, where the arms and artillery are to
be left ; the arms to be piled by word of command from their
own officers.
2. " A free passage to be granted to the army under Lieu-
tenant-General Burgoyne, to Great Britain, on condition of
not serving again in North America during the present con
test ; and the port of Boston is assigned for the entry of
transports to receive the troops, whenever General Howe
shall so order."
The painting represents General Burgoyne, attended by
General Philips, and followed by other officers, arriving near
the marquee of General Gates.
General Gates has advanced a few steps from the entrance,
to meet his prisoner, who, with General Philips, has dismount
ed, and is in the act of offering his sword, which General
Gates declines to receive, and invites them to enter, and par
take of refreshments. A number of the principal officers of
the American army are assembled near their general.
The confluence of Fish Creek and the North River, where
the British left their arms, is shown in the distance, near the
head of Col. Scammell ; the troops are indistinctly seen
crossing the creek, and the meadows, under the direction of
Colonel (since Governor) Lewis, then quarter-master gen
eral, and advancing towards the foreground : they disappear
behind the wood, which serves to relieve the three principal
figures ; and again appear (grenadiers, without arms or ac
coutrements,) under the left hand of General Gates. Offi
cers on horseback, American, British, and German, precede
the head of the column, and form an interesting cavalcade.
following the two dismounted generals, and connecting the
different parts of the picture.

SURRENDER OF LORD CORNWALLIS. 27
No. 7.— SURRENDER OF LORD CORNWALLIS.
OCTOBER 19th, 1781.
The success of this officer in the Southern States, during
the years 1780 and 1781 ; the capture of Charleston, the
victory of Camden, and various minor successes, by which
almost every part of Georgia, and South and North Carolina,
had been successively occupied by the British troops, had
seriously threatened the ruin of American Independence.
In 1781, Lord Cornwallis, regarding his presence as no lon
ger essential to the complete reduction of the three Southern
States, marched with the principal part of his force into Vir
ginia, where fo» some time his success was almost equally
rapid and complete ; but the admirable combined movement
of General Washington, and our French allies, from the
North, and of the Count de Grasse, with the fleet and army
of France, from the West Indies, turned the scale, and ren
dered it necessary for him to shut himself up in Yorktown,
and attempt to defend himself there, until he could receive
relief from New-York. This hope, however, failed him, and
on the 19th of October he surrendered his forces to the com
bined armies of America and France.
The honour of marching out of the town, with colours
flying, &c. &c. which had been refused to General Lincoln,
when during the preceding campaign he had surrendered
Charleston, was now refused to Lord Cornwallis ; the terms
of the capitulation dictated at Charleston were insisted
on, and General Lincoln was appointed to superintend the
submission of the British at Yorktown, in the same manner
as that of the American troops at Charleston, under his com
mand, had been conducted about eighteen months before.
The American troops were drawn up on the right of the
road leading into York ; General Washington and the Ameri
can general officers on the right. The French troops on the
opposite side of the road, facing them ; General Rochambeau

28 RESIGNATION OF GEN. WASHINGTON.
and the principal officers of the French navy and army on the
left. The British troops marched out of the town, " with
shouldered arms, colours cased, and* drums beating a British
or German march," passed between the two lines of victori
ous troops, to a place appointed, where they grounded their
arms, left them, and returned unarmed to their quarters in the
town. The painting represents the moment when the principal
officers of the British army, conducted by General Lincoln,
are passing the two groups of American and French Gene
rals, and entering between the two lines of the victors ; by
this means the principal officers of the three nations are
brought near together, so as to admit of distinct portraits.
In the centre of the painting, in the distance, are seen the
entrance of the town, with the captured troops marching out,
following their officers : and also, a distant glimpse of York
River, and the entrance of the Chesapeak Bay, as seen from
the spot.

No. 8.— RESIGNATION OF GEN. WASHINGTON.
DECEMBER 23d, 1783.
The peace of 1783 had accomplished the great object of
the American Revolution ; the former colonies were acknow
ledged by the parent state to be independent of her ; but
they were equally independent of each other, and the pres
sure of common danger, which had been the strongest bond
of union, being removed, there remained only a feeble and
doubtful sense of common interest to hold the different states
together : the large began to feel their real superiority, while
the memory of faithful and disproportioned services, swam
before the vision of the small ; the seeds of discord were
sown and germinating. The army, whose fidelity, patience,
and courage, had won the glorious prize, had leisure to look

RESIGNATION OF GEN. WASHINGTON. 29
back upon the years, during which, without pay, without
clothing, and sometimes almost without food, they had per
severed in duty — tantalized with promises, often renewed un
der various forms, but never fulfilled ; they saw themselves
on the point of being disbanded, and by being scattered
among the mass of their fellow-citizens, deprived of any
chance of obtaining justice by the influence of a united effort ;
nor were there wanting among them fiery spirits, to place all
this distinctly before their view, and to urge them, not to lay
down their arms, or disperse, until substantial justice should
be obtained. What a dazzling temptation was here to earthly
ambition ! Beloved by the military, venerated by the peo
ple, who was there to oppose the victorious chief, if he had
chosen to retain that power, which he had so long held with
universal approbation? The Caesars — the Cromwells — the
Napoleons — yielded to the charm of earthly ambition, and
betrayed their country ; but Washington aspired to loftier,
imperishable, glory — to that glory which virtue alone can
give, and which no power, no effort, no time, can ever^take
away or diminish.
After taking an affectionate leave of his old comrades, at
New- York, accompanied by only two of them, Col. Benja
min Walker, and Col. Humphreys, aids-du-camp, he pro
ceeded to Annapolis, where Congress, the very shadow of a
government were then sitting, and there resigned his com
mission, into the hands of twenty-three powerless men ; di
vested himself of all authority, and retired to private life.
The following impressive history of the scene, is copied
from the Journal of Congress — and has been the basis of the
picture. One further circumstance deserves notice, not so
much for its importance, as for its singularity. Thomas
Mifflin, then president of Congress, and into whose hands
the General resigned his commission, had been in 1775, his
first aid-de-Camp, and he who painted the picture had been
his second.

30 RESIGNATION OF GEN. WASHINGTON.
EXTRACT FROM THE JOURKAI. OP COITQREM, DEC. 23, 1783.
According to order, his Excellency the Commander-in-
Chief was admitted to a public audience, and being seated,
the President, after a pause, informed him, that the United
States in Congress assembled, were prepared to receive his
communications; whereupon he arose and addressed Congress
as follows :
Mr. President,
The great events on which my resignation depended, having at length
taken place, I have now the honour of offering my sincere congratulations
to Congress, and"of presenting myself before them, to surrender into their
hands the trust committed to me, and to claim the indulgence of retiring
from the service of my country.
Happy in the confirmation of our independence and sovereignty, and
pleased with the opportunity afforded the United States, of becoming a res
pectable nation, I resign with satisfaction the appointment I accepted with
diffidence — a diffidence in my abilities to accomplish so arduous n. task;
which however was superceded by a confidence in the rectitude of our cause,
the support of the Supreme Power of the Union, and the patronage of Heaven.
The successful termination of the war has verified the most sanguine ex
pectations ; and my gratitude for the interposition of Providence, and the as
sistance I have received from my countrymen, increases with every review of
the momentous contest.
While I repeat my obligations to the army in general, I should do injus
tice to my own feelings not to acknowledge, in this place, the peculiar servi
ces and distinguished merits of the gentlemen who have been attached to my
person during the war. It was impossible the choice of confidential officers
to compose my family should have been more fortunate. Permit me, sir, to
recommend in particular, those who have continued in the service to the pre
sent moment, as worthy of the favourable notice and patronage of Congress.
I consider it an indispensable duty to close this last act of my official life,
by commending the interests of our dearest country to the protection of Al
mighty God, and those who have the superintendence of them to his holy
keeping. Having now finished the work assigned me, I retire from the great theatre
of action, and bidding an affectionate farewell to this august body, under
whose orders I have so long acted, I here offer my commission, and take my
leave of all the employments of public life.
He then advanced and delivered to the president his commission, with a
copy of his address, and having resumed his place, the president returned
him the following answer :
Sir, — The United States in Congress assembled, receive with emotions too affecting
for utterance, the solemn resignation of the authorities under which you have led their
troops with success, through a perilous and a doubtful war ; called upon by your coun
try to defend its invaded rights, you accepted the sacred charge, before it had formed alli
ances, and whilst it was without funds or a government to support you ; you have con
ducted the great military contest with wisdom and fortitude, invariably regarding the
rights of the civil power through all disasters and changes. You have, by the love and
confidence of your fellow-citizens, enabled them to display their martial genius, and
transmit their fame to posterity. -You have persevered, till these United States aided by
a magnanimous king and nation, have been enabled, under a just Providence, to close
the war in freedom, safety, and independence ; on which happy event we sincerely join
you in congratulations.
Having defendod the standard of liberty in this new world — having taught, a lesson use
ful to those who inBict and to those who feel oppression — you retire from the great thea
tre of action, with the blessings of your fellow-citizens ; but the glory of your virtue!
will not terminate with your military command— it will continue to animate remotest afei.

PAINTINGS. 31
We feel, with you, our obligations to the army in general, and will particularly charge
ourselves with the interests of those confidential officers, who have attended your person
to this affecting moment.
We join you in commending the interest of our dearest country to the protection of
Almighty God, beseeching him to dispose the hearts and minds of its citizens to improve
the opportunity afforded mem, of becoming a happy and respectable nation. And for
you we address to him our earnest prayers, that a life so beloved may be fostered with all
his care ; that your days may be as happy as they have been illustrious ; and that he
will finally give you that reward which this world cannot give.

No. 9. — Duplicate of No. 4, enlarged, and with some variations.
Painted in this year, 1830.

No. 10.— The Death of Paulus Emilitjs, at the battle of Cannae,
arranged and painted at the age of 18, before the artist had received any
instruction. See Rollin's Roman History, book 14th, sec. 2d, page 64, of
the 2d London edition.
" Animae, que magnae prodigum Paulum, superante Pceno." Painted
at Lebanon, 1774.
No. 11. — Copy of the most admired picture of Raphael, called the
Madonna della Sedia." Painted in London, in Oct. 1780, in the house,
and under the eye of Mr. West. The first work done by the artist, under
instruction. No. 12.— Copy of Correggio's Celebrated Picture, called the St.
Jerome, at Parma. Painted in Tothill Fields Prison, near London,
where the artist was confined, on the charge of High Treason, during the
winter of 1781.
No. 13. — Portrait of President Washington— head, the size of
life. Painted in Philadelphia, May, 1793.
No. 14.— Portrait of the late Rtjfus King— head, the size of
life. Painted in London, during his mission, 1800.
No. 15. — Portrait of the late Christopher Gore — head, the
size of life. Painted in London, during his residence there, as one of the
Commissioners for the execution of the 7th article of Mr. Jay's treaty,
1800. No. 16. — Portrait of a Lady. Painted in London, 1800.
No. 17.— St. John and Lamb — from memory of an exquisite picture
by Murillo, in possession of the Emperor of Russia. Painted in Lon
don, 1800.
No. 18.— Madonna au Corset Rouge— a favourite composition of
Raphael. Copied in London, 1801.
No. 19.— Infant Saviour and St. John. Painted in London, 1801 .
No. 20.— Holy Family— composed in London, 1802— finished in
Ameriea, 1806.

32 paintings.
No. 21. — View of the Falls of the Yantick at Norwich, in
Connecticut, done on the spot, in 1806.
No. 22. — Second view of the same, 1806.
No. 23.— Maternal Tenderness. London 1809.
No. 24. — Lamderg and Gelchossa. Ossian's Poems, 5th book of
Fingal. London, 1809.
No. 25.— The Earl of Angtjs, conferring knighthood on De
Wilton. See Walter Scott's Marmion. Painted in London, 1810.
No. 26. — " He among you, that is without sin, let him first cast a stone
at her." John, 8th chapter to the 11th verse. London, 1811.
No. 27. — Susannah and the Elders. London, 1811..
No. 28. — Lady of the Lake. Scott. London, 1811.
No. 29. — Peter the Great at the Capture of Narva. See
Voltaire's Age of Louis 14th. London, 1812.
No. 30.—" Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not,
for of such is the kingdom of Heaven." Matthew, 19th chapter; 13th,
14th, and 15th verses. 1812.
No. 31. — Landscape, View in Pryor Park, near Bath, England.
Sketched at Bath, from nature, 1813— finished in America, 1829.
No. 32. — Our Saviour bearing the Cross, and sinking under its weight
Painted in New-York, 1826.
No. 33. — Preparation for the entombment of the Saviour. Painted
in New- York, 1827.
No. 34. — Mother and Child. New- York, 1826.
No. 35. — Portrait of a Lady. 1827.
No. 36.— Five Heads. Miniature, in oil. 1790.
No. 37.— Five Heads. Oil miniature. 1790.
No. 38. — Five Heads. Oil miniatures. 1791.
No. 39.— Five Heads. Oil miniatures. 1791.
No. 40.— Five Heads. Oil miniature. 1792.
No. 41. — Five Heads. Oil miniatures. 1792.
No. 42. — Five Heads of Ladies. Oil miniatures. 1792.
No. 43. — Five Heads of Ladies. Oil miniatures. 1792.
No. 44.— Four Heads. Oil miniature. 1791.
No. 45. — Four Heads. Oil miniature. 1791.
No. 46.— Five Heads. Oil miniature. 1792.
No. 47.— Five Heads. Oil miniature. 1827.
No. 48.— Small Holy Family. 1826.
No. 49 —Small Holy Family. 1826.
No 50.— Small Holy Family. 1826.
No. 51.— Small Holy Family. 1827.

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