Yale University Library 39002024759939 Cb2_.ijLe. r°Y^LIE°¥Mir^EIESflTFY° - iLiiiaiaaisy • )So# iiii^;,^M^W!^^*'g*^^^^,>^'^^-^MH*fii«.'wp 7g^? THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL REGISTER AND MONTHLY GAZETTE OF THE PATRIOTIC-HEREDITARY SOCIETIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. September, 1895 — February, 1896. VOLUME III. EDITED BY CHARLES H. BROWNING. PHILADELPHIA : The Historical Register Publishing Company. 1896. copyright by The Historical Register Publishing Company, 1806. THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL REGISTER AND MONTHLY GAZETTE OF THE PATRIOTIC-HEREDITARY SOCIETIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, Charles H. Browning, The American Historical Association. HONORARY ASSOCIATE EDITORS : ( Representing the Patriotic-Hereditary Societies.) Mr. John Schuyler, of N. Y., Miss Sara K. Wiley, of N. J., Society of the Cincinnati. Society of Daughters of the Revolution. Mr. Howland Pell, of N. Y., Mr. Mark B. Hatch, of D. C, Society of Colonial Wars. Aztec Club of 1847. Mrs. Roger A. Pryor, of N. Y., Capt. Richard S. Collum, U. S. M. C, Society Colonial Dames of America. Military Order of the Loyal Legion. Capt. Henry Hobart Bellas, U. S. A., Mr. F. Senter Frisbie, of Mass., Society of the War of 181 2. Medal of Honor Legion. Mr. C. F. Bacon Philbrook, of Mass., Mrs. J. K. Van Rensselaer, of N. Y., Naval Order of the United States. The Colonial Dames of America. Gen. Alexander S. Webb, of N. Y., Mr. Robert Lenox Belknap, ofN. Y., Mil. Order of Foreign Wars of the U. S. Society Sons of the Revolution. Mrs. M. A. Bailey, of La., Mr. Fordham Morris, of N. Y., Society U. S. Daughters of 1776-1812. Colonial Order of the Acorn. Mr. A. Howard Clark, of D. C, Mrs. Marion Allen Ludin, of N. Y., Society Sons of the American Revolution. Society U. S. Daughters, 1812. Mr. Warner VanNorden, of N. Y., Gouverneur M.Smith, M.D., of N. Y. The Holland Society of N. Y. Military Society of the War of 18 12. Mrs K. S. McCartney, of Pa., Society Daughters of the American Revolution. Proprietor : THE HISTORICAL REGISTER PUBLISHING CO. Philadelphia Office: No. 120 South Sixth Street. Edward Clinton Lee, President. Thomas S. Genay, Asst. Treasurer. Henry Hobart Bellas, Vice-Pres't. Wm. J. Custis, Mang. Adver. Depart. Geo. Cuthbert Gillespie, Treasurer and Publisher. Philip I-I. Gross. Manager Sub.cription Department. Directors : Edward Clinton Lee, Henry Hobart Bellas, Charles Williams, George Cuthbert Gillespie, Charles H. Browning. CONTRIBUTORS. Mrs. John Quincy Adams. Mrs. M. S. Anderson. Mr. Francis Olcott Allen. Mr. Edwin Swift Balch. Mr. W. H. Bailey, Sr., LL.D. Mrs. Henry G. Banning. Mrs. Richard Jackson Barker. Rev. C. C. Bateman, U. S. Army. Mrs. A. T. Belt. Mr. John F. Blandy. Mr. Robert A. Brock, F. R. H. S. Capt. George De Ray Brown. Mr. George C. Buell, Jr. J. G. Bullock, M. D. Swan M. Burnett, M. D. Miss Josephine Canning. Gen. John Cochrane. Capt. A. W. Corliss, U. S. Army. Rev. P. C. Croll. Capt. Charles B. Dahlgren. Gen. Charles W. Darling. Mrs. Flora Adams Darling. Mrs. A. G. Durno. Mrs. M. T. Daveiss. Miss Clara J. Denton. Henry N. Dodge, M. D. Mr. Russell Duane. Mr. Albion Morris Dyer. Mrs. Alice Morse Earle. Gen. Ferdinand P. Earle. Mr. Richard Harrison Earle. Mr. Franklyn Eyre. Mrs. Florence Topp Farrington. Mrs. Mary L. D. Ferris. Mr. J. W. de Forest. Mr. Frederick G. Forsyth. Miss Madge Freedley. Mrs. K. Vance Greenleaf. Mrs. Eliza Penn-Gaskill Hancock. Judge William Harden. Mr. Lewis R. Harley.Ph.D. Mrs. Sallie E. Marshall Hardy. Mr. Henry H. Harrison. Mrs. Margaret B. Harvey. Mr. Stan. V. Henkels. Mr. William Wirt Henry. Mrs. Howard Hinkle. Mrs. Laura F. Hinsdale. Mrs. Mary L. M. Howard. Capt. Ii. W. Hubbell, U. S. Army. Mr. Henry S. Jackson. Gen. Bradley T. Johnson. Mr. Charles P. Keith. Mr. Frederick John Kingsbury, Mr. D. S. Lamson. Mr. Edward F. de Lancey. Col. J. Granville Leach, LL. B. Mrs. Margaret W. Leighton. Rev A. N. Lewis. J. Berrien Lindsley, M. D. Mr. Clermont Livingston. Mr. Edwin B. Livingston, F. S. A. Mr. William Archibald McClean Mr. W. E. W. McKinlay. Mrs. Janey Hope Marr. Mr. John L. Marye. Mr. George C. Mason. Mrs. Dewitt C. Mather. Miss Edith H. Mather. Mrs. John Frederick Maynard, Mrs. James Mifflin. Mrs. Blandina D. Miller. Mr. M. R. Minnich. Mrs. E. H. Muldaur. Mr. Isaac Myer. Miss Elizabeth Clifford Neff. Mr. William Nelson. Miss Mary Mann Page Newton. Mr. Virginius Newton. Mr. Henry Kuhl Nichols. Mrs. James O'Fallon. Mr. George W. Olney. Mr. James L. Onderdonck. Mrs. Jane Marsh Parker. Rt. Rev. William S. Perry, D. D. Miss Sarah H. Powell. Mr. James L. Raymond. Capt. Philip Reade, U. S. Army. Mr. H. M. M. Richards. Mrs. Marcus Richardson. Mrs. Mary B. J. Richart. Mrs. Sallie Nelson Robins. Rear-Admiral F. A. Roe, U. S. Navy. Maj. Joseph G. Rosengarten. Mr. Julius F. Sachse. Mr. David Schenck, LL. D. Mr. L. D. Scisco. Mons. Robert Seton, D. D. Mr. S. M. Sener. Miss Helen Everston Smith. Mrs. Mary Stuart Smith. Col. A. Louden Snowden. Mr. A. R. M. Spaid. Col. Clifford Stanley Sims. Mrs. Mary Lardner Stan-. Mr. John Austin Stevens. Mr. H. B. Stimpson. Mr. Henry Stockbridge. Gen. William S. Stryker. Miss Mary K. Talcott. Mr. Clarence W. Taylor. Mr. Charles Burr Todd. Miss Louise Tracy. Mr. Edward Trenchard. Miss Jessica G. Tyler. Mrs. James Van Yoast. Mrs. Adelaide C. Waldron. Mr. Hiram Walworth. Mr. J. D. Warfield. Mr. Walter Kendall Watkins. Mrs. Alethia H. Weatherby. Miss Anne HoUingsworth Wharton Mrs. Alfred Whelen. Mrs. Joshua Wilbour. Gen. James Grant Wilson, D. C. L. Miss Josephine St. F. Wittichen. Mrs. Mary B. Woodworth. Mr. Eugene Zieber. TO MEMBERS OF THE PATRIOTIC-HEREDITARY AND HISTORICAL SOCIETIES. 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This Institution for the EDUCATION OF YOUNG LADIES is conveniently situated near the business part of the city, yet sufficiently remote to secure the quiet and seclusion so conducive to study, combines the advantages of the city with those of the country, having the full benefit of the PURE AIR OF THE LAKE, whilst it is both sheltered and ornamented by a beautiful belt of forest trees surrounding the shrubbery. The Course of Instruction in this Academy com prises every branch suitable to the Education of Young Ladies. Modern Languages are taught by natives. The Studio is affiliated with the Government Art School. MUSIC, in its various branches, is assiduously cultivated and taught by accomplished and experienced teachers, whose system is modelled on that of the European Conservatories. Commercial Course, -Stenography, Type Writing, etc., taught to all the pupils who may desire it. Special Course for Pupils preparing for Matriculation. For further particulars address : LADY SUPERIOR. Connecticut, New Haven, 56 Hillhouse Ave. This School for Girls, on the most beautiful avenue of the " City of Elms,'' offers superior advantages in finishing course of study and college preparatory. Apply early. Mrs. and Miss Cady, Principals. Connecticut, Norwalk. Miss Baird's Institute for Girls. 44 miles from New York City. Primary and College Preparatory Classes. Music, Art, Languages. New buildings, steam heat, incandescent light, gymnasium. 23d year. Indiana, Fort Wayne. Westminster Seminary for Young Ladies. Home School. Music, Art. Thorough Education. Moderate charges. Send for illustrated catalogue. Massachusetts, Natick. Walnut Hill School. Seventeen miles from Boston. Students carefully prepared for Wellesley and other colleges. Number limited. Miss Charlotte H. Conant, 1 p . . , Miss Florence Bigelow, / rnnelPals- New Jersey, Bridgeton. Seven Gables School. Mrs. Westcott's Boarding School for girls. Certificate admits to Smith College. Special students received. Native French and German teachers. Gymnasium. Climate mild and dry. Sarah S. Westcott, Principal. New Jersey, Englewood (14 miles from New York). Dwight School for Girls. Seventh year. Principals, Miss Creighton, Miss Farrar. New Jersey, Lakewood. The Oaks. A Family School for Young Ladies and Girls. College preparation, or special course. Music, art, calisthenics. Resident native language teachers. Specialties, health and out-door life. Endorsed by leading physicians and educators. The Misses Farrington, Principals. The American Historical Register. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. ACADEMICAL. AND PREPARATORY (Boys). California, Belmont. Belmont School for Boys, In the foothills near San Francisco, is equipped and conducted as a fitting school for the best colleges and technical schools. It intends to meet the most exacting requirements of reasonable people re garding Christian influence, sound scholarship and physical well being. The climate and surround ings of Belmont and the equipment of the school make possible the highest development that has been planned for it. Its purpose is to stimulate its boys to a better intellectual, spiritual and physi cal life and leave them a heritage of pleasant memories. The Catalogue and Book of Views contain detailed information. W. T. Rnirj, A.M. (Harvard), Head Master. Connecticut, Fairfield Co., Brookfield Center. The Curtis School for Young Boys. $500. 20th year. My 60-page book tells what education means for a boy here. Development of character stands first with us. No new boy over thirteen. Frederick S. Curtis, Ph.B. (Yale '69). Connecticut, Stamford. Betts Academy. Prepares for technical schools, colleges or business. New building, with modern appointments. Steam heat, electric light, gymnasium ; shower baths ; extensive grounds. Wm. J. Betts, M.A. (Yale), Principal. Illinois, Woodstock. Todd Seminary for Boys. An ideal home school, near Chicago. Forty-eighth year. Location healthful and beautiful. Instruction thorough, discipline firm and kind. Terms very moderate. Send for prospectus. Noble Hill, Principal. Massachusetts, Billerica. Mitchell's Boys' School, Eighteen miles from Boston, B. & L. R. R. ; strictly select family school ; $500 per year. Military. Only requisite for admission, good character. Special care and training to young boys. Fits for college, technology and business. Send for circular to M. C. Mitchell, Principal. Massachusetts, Barre. The Private Institution for Feeble-Minded Youth Offers exceptional advantages for this class. Classified School and Home Two hundred and fifty acres. Send for circular. Geo. A. Brown, M. D., Superintendent. New York, Poughkeepsie. Riverview Academy. 60th year Prepares thoroughly for college, the Government academies and business. U. S. Army officer detailed at Riverview by Secretary of War. _____ Bisbee & Amen, Principal. New York, Tarrytown-on-Hudson. Irving Institute for 40 Boys. Fortieth year. Re-opens September 10, i8q. B. K. Society, which was addressed by Prof. Edward Everett, and also attended the Society's dinner, when he made a happy impromptu speech in reply to one made in his honor by " the young American Cicero," as he called him, Prof. Everett. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR LINCOLN. In the evening Governor Eustis gave a State dinner at his residence in honor of the nation's guest. Forty gentlemen occupied seats at the Governor's table, which was in the shape of a horseshoe, and was set in the hall. Governor Eustis sat at the head, with Lafayette on his right and General Dearborn on his left, Governor Brooks second on the right, Lieutenant-Gov ernor Levi Lincoln, the Council, Governor's staff, and other guests. j ,, The American Historical Register. Early in the morning, in a carriage, escorted by cavalry Aug' 27' and the civil and military dignitaries, Lafayette visited the navy yard at Charlestown, where he was entertained by Commodore Bainbridge. He then visited Bunker Hill, and at the base of the monument to General Warren held a reception CHRISTOPHER GORE. to Revolutionary soldiers, and was addressed by Dr. A. R. Thompson on behalf of the citizens of Charlestown. Refresh ments were then served under a tent, after which the General returned to the city and visited the military arsenal, the old tavern whence the " tea party " went to destroy the cargoes of tea, the historic Faneuil Hall, the rooms of the Massachusetts Historical Society, where he met Judge John Davis, its president, Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824—25. 1 3 Mr. James Savage, Mr. Gore and other members ; and then visited with them other historic spots in the city. Lafayette visited the militia encamped at Savin Hill, when he showed he had not forgotten how to fire a Aug. 28. t.-- cannon by making some good shots at a floating target. He THOMAS L. WINTHROP. then dined with the Governor at his country seat, and in the evening attended a private ball given in his honor by Senator Lloyd. The next day Lafayette drove out to Quincy with Mr. Quincy to visit ex-President John Adams, then in his eighty ninth year, with whose wife and family he dined. The General found Mr. Adams very feeble and unable to leave his j . The American Historical Register. bed-room, or, in fact, to carry food to his mouth. After this rather melancholy visit, the General visited Mr. Quincy's country seat near Quincy, and returned to Boston. Lafayette reviewed the Massachusetts militia, com- Aug'3°- manded by General Appleton, in front of the State House and witnessed a lively sham battle, and then attended a JUDGE JOHN DAVIS. banquet, given in his honor by the officers, under an immense tent. Lafayette went to visit the navy yard at Portsmouth, N. H., passing through Lexington, which, at a town meeting, appointed Abijah Harrington, John Muzzey, Elias Phinney, James Brown, Samuel Downing and Christopher Reed Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824—25. 15 a committee to receive and entertain him. The General was met by the committee and escorted by troops to the common, decorated with many flags, passing under an arch inscribed : " Welcome, Friend of America, to the Birthplace of American Liberty;" and from here he was accompanied by fourteen soldiers, who fought in the battle at Lexington, to the battle JAMES SAVAGE. monument, where Mayor Elias Phinney delivered the address ot welcome. After a reception, the General went on to Concord, where he held a reception under a floral tent in the public square, and where he dined with only the ladies of the place, the waiting being done by young belles crowned with roses — all of which attention was apparently greatly enjoyed by the General. Sept. I. l6 fhe American Historical Register. Early in the morning Lafayette went onto Marblehead which had prepared to give him a brilliant reception though he was only to breakfast there. He was received at the entrance of the town by the committee and the Lafayette Guards, Captain William B. Adams, and escorted through the streets amid a great crowd to the Lee mansion, on Washington street, ENOCH PARSONS. built in 1 768 by Colonel Jeremiah Lee, where breakfast was served and a reception held. He called upon Mrs. Mary Glover Hooper, wife of Robert Hooper, the only surviving daughter of General John Glover, of Revolutionary fame, and left the town at noon. He arrived at Salem late in the afternoon because he was obliged to stop at every village. On the plain above the Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 17 bridge leading to Marblehead 200 sailors in uniform cheered him as he passed. On the outskirts of the town he was taken in hand by the local militia and his old friend Colonel Timothy Pickering, and, although it was " raining in torrents," he passed through the file of soldiers on foot and then through the town in order to pass under its several triumphal arches. At the entrance of the eastern gate of the mall a thousand school children shouted his name in concert as he passed. He was HANCOCK MANSION, BOSTON. addressed in front of the Lafayette Coffee House by Judge Joseph Story, and then attended the banquet which was served by Rev olutionary soldiers. He took his departure about 5.30 P. M., and in spite of the storm the citizens of Salem escorted him for many miles on his way to Newburyport where he arrived late in the night. The town was brilliantly illuminated and the entire population was in the streets awaiting him. He put up at Tracy's Inn, and, although it was late, he held a reception. He slept in the same room and bed occupied by Washington Sept 1 8 The American Historical Register. GENERAL HULL. who accompanied him Greenland to the limits of the town where the selectmen were waiting to receive him. A procession of two miles in length escorted him to the centre of the town. On reach ing Wibird Hill a National salute was fired by the detachment of Portsmouth Artillery and the bells in the town began to peal. The General took his seat in an open barouche attended by William Ham, chairman of the selectmen and en tered the compact part of the town under in 1789. Early in the morning he left for Portsmouth, where he ar rived at midday. On General Lafayette's arrival he was hailed by the citizens of the town with pride and exultations. There was a glow of unaffected de light on every countenance which gave an honest and heart-felt wel come. General Lafayette was received at Hampton Falls by the Committee of Arrangements of Portsmouth, through GENERAL 1'ICKKI military escort. Several arches of evergreen and flowers were placed across the street, and on each side of the street as he en tered upwards of one thousand school children dressed in uniform and wearing the badge of Lafayette were arranged. Their shouts of "Welcome Lafayette" were distinctly heard above the music of the bands and the cheers of the people. At Franklin Hall the General was we 1 c micd to Portsmouth bv an address Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. of the chairman of the selectmen, William Ham, to which the Gene- eral responded. He was then intro duced to his excelleney, Governor Morrill, of Goffstown, who bade him welcome in behalf of the State. The General responded with appropri ate remarks. Afterward a long line of persons was presented to him, among them thirty Revolutionary soldiers who had served under him of whom many had come a long dis tance to see him There were many pleasant COLONEL DAVIES. greetings, among them General Smith, of Portland, who served under the General as captain of Light Infantry. On retiring from the hall the General withdrew to the mansion of the late Governor Lang- don, which had been especially pro vided for him. After taking some rest he was escorted to Jefferson Hall where a public dinner was pro vided by the citizens. In the even ing a grand ball was given in honor of the General. The town was illuminated as light as General retired to Governor Lang- don's mansion, and soon after left for Newburyport. The Committee of Arrangements accompanied him as far as that city. The people were very much grieved because the Gene ral could not remain longer with them.* At midnight he set out in Sept. 3. , . s ^ his carriage to return to Bos ton, and arrived there at two o'clock, and at four o'clock started on a visit I'AIN ALDEN. day as the * Communicated by Oliver L. Frisbee. DR. WARREN. 20 The American Historical Register. TOLLAND, CONNECTICUT. : to Lexington, i Lancaster, Ip- [ swich, where he had a talk with Colonel Nathaniel Wade, given on p. 90 in " Our French Allies," Wor cester and Tolland en route for -Hart ford, Conn. Sept. 1, 2. The first night he slept at the country home of Mr. Wilder, near Boston, the second at Stafford, and on the fourth day at 10 A. M., arrived at Hartford. On August 27, Mayor Quincy, of Boston, wrote Mr. S. V b, Wilder to arrange for Lafayette's entertainment at his residence. LEE MANSION, MARBLEHEAD WILDER MANSION, "BOLTON HILL,'' BOLTON, MASS. 2 2 The American Historical Register. " Bolton Hill " The General and suite " were conducted from Boston in the city carriage to Concord," where Mr. Wilder met him and conducted him to Bolton. ¦' Mr Wilder's house* and grounds were a realization of fairy land. An arch had been thrown over the front gate, on which was clearly inscribed : ' The sword of Jehovah, of Washington and of Lafayette.' The whole house was illuminated, a light shining from every pane ; lanterns among the evergreens and old trees added to the general effect. A supper was in readiness, of which the General, his suite and other guests partook, after he had passed some little time with Mr. Wilder's family. The Lafayette Guards, a militia company of the place, taking the name for the occasion and retaining it in future, encamped all night about the premises. "The General and suite retired to rest at half past eleven o'clock, and after an early breakfast, he gave audience to a large concourse of citizens, who were eagerly waiting to take him by the hand. He then reviewed his guards and the companies of Cavalry who were stationed in front of the house, and entered his carriage, preceded by Cavalry, amid the acclamations of the citizens and the salute of his guards, and followed by his suite, the committee of arrangements, the general officers and their staff, and a numerous cavalcade of citizens and others, proceeded on his way through Lancaster, Sterling and West Boylston to Worcester, where he was received with joy and admiration. "f Here the General was again given public welcome and conducted by the local authorities to within ten miles of Hartford, where he was met by the Hartford Committee. It will be noticed that the general formality observed in Lafayette's tour was for a representative of the governor of a State to meet the Nation's Guest at the State line and remain with him in his suite until he crossed the line and was met by the aid of the governor of the State entered ; and for the com mittee on the part of a town he passed through to conduct him to within ten miles of the town he was to visit. Hartford, considering herself as one of the foremost and oldest cities, and filled with gratitude and public zeal, prepared * This house is still in existence, and is a summer boarding house, kept by Mr. W. A. Moore. f From " Records from the Life of S. V. S. Wilder." Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 2 3 to welcome Lafayette with all honor due such a man from such a people. The 2d of September saw the town decked with flowers and bunting. Banks, taverns, shops, public buildings and private houses were, according to a local paper of that date which describes the celebration, " Appropriately decorated with flags, flowers, evergreens and arches," and illuminated in the SAMPSON VRYLING STODDARD WILDER. brightest manner possible, at a time when no gas, electricity, nor even kerosene had come to lighten our darkness. Crowds filled the streets all day, and impatiently watched and waited in a dreary rain till long after midnight, only to find at last that other ardent admirers along the route from Boston to Hartford had detained him by their civilities, and he had been obliged to spend the night at Stafford Springs. The American Historical Register. Sept Luckily the next day was clear and fair. Crowds again thronged the streets, while with solemn air the escort, under Major Hart, went out to meet the distin guished guest, the band playing " See the Conquering Hero Comes." The escort consisted of three com panies of Infantry, one of Artillery, and one of Rifles, but, as a participant describing it says that " the uniforms and weapons were of all kinds and DR. TOWNSEND. LEXINGTON BATTLE-MONUMEN some wore no uniforms at all," it is difficult to see how the various ranks and different regiments were distin guished. Amid the noise of cheers, music, bells ringing and cannon firing, La fayette, accompanied by his son, Monsieur le Vasseur, Mr. Colden, of New York, and a servant passed through Morgan and Main streets to Bennett's tavern where he received WILLIAM TOWNS!' Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 2 5 the congratulations of the mayor, Jonathan C. Brace, the alder men, and common council. Breakfast was furnished by the corporation and from the records seems to have been worthy the occasion. The committee of arrangements for the entire celebration were John Porter, Gaius Lyman, Cyprian Nichols, Thomas Day and Henry L. Lyman. P. C. BROOKS. Among the guests were two old gentlemen, John Caldwell and John Trumbull, who forty years before had been members of the corporation when Lafayette had been given the freedom of the city. Four others, Thomas Seymour, then mayor, Jonathan Bull, John Morgan and Daniel Hinsdale were still living, but from age and infirmity too feeble to attend. 26 The American Historical Register. After breakfast, Lafayette, " honorably escorted by the ist company of Foot Guards under Major Olmstead," was taken to the State House where Governor Wolcott addressed him in the name of the State. A reception followed, at which the kindly genial French man endeared himself to all by his urbanity and wit, each one presented to him was greeted as a personal friend. Were he a married man he was called " a lucky dog," and if unmarried his LANGDON MANSION, PORTSMOUTH, N. H. feelings were soothed by being addressed as " a happy boy," while, the C our ant tells us, " the ladies present were taken by the hand in the most affectionate manner." Many Revolutionary veterans, Enoch Parsons and others, were present to look once more on the brave soldier who had fought so nobly for their cause. A parade under General Johnson came next, and nearly four thousand troops took part, during which General Lafayette, in the language of the Courant, '• expressed much satisfaction at the elegant appearance of those engaged." This is very satisfac tory and surprising when we consider the paucity of uniforms, but Lafayette had come to praise and appreciate. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 27 Next the school children, wearing badges gaily colored and bearing the motto : "Nous vous aimons Lafayette',' marched by, but a pathetic and more impressive sight was the appearance of a large number of deaf mutes bearing the motto : " We feel what our country expresses." Dr. Comstock presented, on be half of the school children of Connecticut, a gold medal inclosed in a paper containing a poem written by Mrs. Sigourney for the occasion. A few private houses were visited, among others that of General Daniel Wadsworth, where the General was shown the sash and epaulets he had worn as a major-general and had given to General Swift, of Cornwall. He recognized the blood stained sash as one he had worn at the battle of the Brandy wine. At half past three General Lafayette and suite left on the river boat, the Oliver Ellsworth, and descended the Connecticut river, stopping at Middletown till seven in the evening to be entertained. At daybreak he entered the sound and arrived about noon at New York amid salutes from the men-of- war, and on his landing at Fulton street the population gave him the same hearty welcome he had on his first arrival and escorted him to his old lodgings at the City Hotel. C. H. B. {To be continued}) COLONEL WADE. TRADITIONS OF FORT JENKINS. BY MARY B. JENKINS RICHART. {Continued from page 1422.) The Fourth of July, the day after the massacre, was one of sorrow and anxiety at Fort Jenkins. Amid these wild exciting scenes, while being held as prisoners of war, and suffering from the want of comforts, and amid anxieties in regard to relatives who may have fallen in battle, or who might be suffering from barbarous atrocities, the people of the fort were engaged in that sad and solemn rite, the burial of the dead. Benjamin and Stukeley Harding, immortal heroes ! were given "earth to earth ; ashes to ashes ; dust to dust." It is related by Garrick Mallory Harding, a great-grandson of Lydia, the mother of Benjamin and Stukeley, that she, with her own hands, prepared her mur dered sons for burial. The mournful procession of friends and relatives on that hot July day came out of the fort accompanied by British officers with flags of truce, passed along the road through the primeval forests to the family burying ground, since known as the Jenkins and Harding Cemetery. In a densely wooded hollow, back of the cemetery, a crowd of Indians were whistling and giving their wild war whoops, all the time the burial service was taking place. On a double tablet of plain gray stone, erected by loving hands in memory of Benjamin and Stukeley Harding, is engraved this beautiful epitaph : "Sweet be the sleep of those who prefer death to slavery." As the centuries roll by the echoes from these eventful scenes will reverberate in solemn cadences upon the hearts of future generations, inspiring them to emulate these heroes in deeds of valor and patriotism. At this time an Indian came to Fort Jenkins and informed Elizabeth Gardner that her husband was a prisoner and wanted to see her, that he (the Indian) would conduct her to him if she would keep still and make no out-cry ; but if she made any noise he threatened her with direful consequences. She took her two children, and accompanied by her husband's cousin, Mrs. Lydia Jenkins, went to see her husband for the last time. He was tied to a tree near the mountain. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 29 He told her that he knew he should be killed and gave her directions about their property and what she was to do with the children. He advised her to go to New England until the troubles in Wyoming should be over. A fellow prisoner witnessed Mr. Gardner's death. The squaws would stick his flesh full of pine splinters and otherwise torture him. He was then tied to a stake and burned. This man afterward pointed out the spot where this sacrifice was made, and the bones of Mr. Gardner were collected and buried. This John Gardner owned and lived at Gardner's Ferry, some miles up the river from Fort Jenkins. When the alarm was given that the Indians were threatening to raid the valley he immediately made preparations to seek protection in Fort Jenkins. He dug a place in his garden to bury the household treasures. Mrs. Gardner remained in the house and gathered the articles while their little daughter carried them into the garden. So great was the haste in which this work was done that Mrs. Gardner did not take time to go and see where the treasure was buried. Either this child was too young to remember or she did not return to point out the place of deposit for the valuables, and they were never found by the owners. Nearly one hundred years afterward an Englishman named John Stout owned this farm. One day while ploughing the plough struck an impediment and out flew a long-handled copper warming-pan, which in the olden time was used when full of hot coals to warm the beds, they being dressed in the homespun linen sheets, the pride of old-time housewives. Out of the warm ing-pan came a shower of the daintiest china, cups and saucers, milk pitchers, etc., many of them breaking into fragments. Further search revealed pewter platters, basins and plates, the culinary treasures of ancient households. To return to Mrs. Gardner. In compliance with her hus band's directions she set out on foot with her young children to plod her weary way over mountain and stream, through the lonely wilderness to her childhood's home in New England. One evening, foot-sore and weary, she arrived at a lonely house where there were three young girls whose parents were absent. They refused shelter to the travelers, being afraid of strangers in those 30 The American Historical Register. fearful times. The people at Fort Jenkins having been robbed of all clothing except two garments each, Mrs. Gardner suffered from the cold mountain air, although it was summer. Some cows were lying there and to keep herself and children warm she laid down beside them. During the night the people of the house returned and Mrs. Gardner was fed and put into a warm feather bed and entertained for several days with the most gener ous hospitality until she had rested sufficiently to proceed upon her journey. Elizabeth Mumford Gardner was the daughter of wealthy parents and her heroic fortitude under such heavy affliction and severe privations is one of the many instances of which the noble mothers of our country have given grand examples. There is a wonderful story which ought not to be omitted from this record. When the settlers came from Connecticut to Wyoming, Captain Stephen Harding and his wife, Amy Gardner, left behind a daughter, who had just been married when they came away. There were no mail routes in those days and only a bridle path to New England. No intelligence could be received from the old New England home unless some new emigrant came out. One whole year had passed since their emigration and no one had come to bring tidings from those left behind. Captain and Mrs. Harding became intensely anxious to hear from their daughter and she was constantly in their thought. One night they were talking of her and having their minds intensely absorbed in thinking of her, when suddenly she appeared to them. Both saw her ; she had a child in her arms wrapped in a homespun, plaid, woolen blanket. The parents were too much surprised to speak, but shortly afterward they were again talking of her with the same feeling of intensity, and wondering what the strange appearance they had previously seen could mean. They then agreed that if any thing of the kind should occur again that they would speak and try and find out the meaning of the strange mystery, and if one failed to speak the other would do so. While they were talk ing, the daughter with the child was again in their presence. The mother, calling the daughter by name, asked : " What is the matter?" Then the daughter informed her parents that since they had left New England a child had been born to her Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 31 and that she herself had died. She told them that the babe was with her husband's people, but that they were so situated that it was almost impossible for them to care for it. She requested her mother to go and get the child and bring it up for her. Mrs. Harding replied : " They will not believe me ; give me a sign." The apparition came and touched her on the wrist, and ever after there was a mark upon it which was assiduously concealed by wearing a black ribbon over it. Too sacred was this mark for the eyes of the curious. Mrs. Harding went to Connecticut and found the child asleep in its cradle, wrapped in the same blanket she had twice before seen in the vision. Through this miraculous way the child was reared by its pious grandmother, and became the wife of a Methodist minister. Strange as is this story, the characters of Captain Harding and his wife were such that no one who knew them ever doubted their veracity. In a conversation between Mrs. Harding and her sister-in-law, Mrs. Gardner asked : " How did your daughter communicate with you, Amy ? Did she speak as we do ? " Mrs. Harding replied : " Don't ask me, Elizabeth ; dead folks don't talk like live ones." (Swedenborg says that spirits com municate their thought by having their minds open and they see each other's feelings.) Mrs. Harding said she could not tell all she saw in those apparitions ; some things were too sacred to be revealed. When it is remembered that there was no other way of communicating intelligence but by some supernatural agency, it may not be well to cavil too much at mysteries hidden from those in the ordinary circumstances of life. Bishop Bickersteth says in a note to " Yesterday, To-day and Forever," that The numerous and well-authenticated appearances of the human spirit, within a few hours of death, seem to indicate that God does sometimes permit such a lingering on earth ere the soul enters the unseen world. This story of the supernatural was told to Mrs. Jane E. Jenkins Lewis by her mother-in-law, Mrs. Esther Gardner Lewis, a niece of Mrs. Harding. Other persons have affirmed the truth of this strange story, viz. : Mrs. Mahala Harding Bolles, Mrs. Catharine Jenkins Jones, Mrs. Rachel Jenkins Goodwin, Mrs. Falla Jenkins Breese, Mrs. Mary Booth Jenkins, and it is univer sally known and believed among all the Harding families who claim descent from Captain Harding, and they are numerous. 32 The American Historical Register. Judge Jenkins was the justice of the peace in Wyoming at the time of the massacre, and figures in Thomas Campbell's " Gertrude of Wyoming " as Albert, and is thus described by the poet: One venerable man, beloved of all, Sufficed where innocence was yet in bloom To sway the strife that seldom might befall, And Albert was their judge in patriarchal hall. How reverend was his look, serenely aged, He bore, this gentle Pennsylvania sire, Where all but kindly fervors were assuaged, Undimmed by weakness shade or turbid ire, And though amidst the calm of thought entire Some high and haughty features might betray A soul impetuous once, 'twas earthly fire That fled composure's intellectual ray, As Etna's fires grow dim before the rising day. This high tribute to the character of Judge Jenkins is in accord with much that has been said of this good and great man. Perhaps it may be argued that Albert in the poem could not be Judge Jenkins, because his name was John ; but it must be remembered that the work is a romance founded upon fact, and that a poet's license warrants any freak or flight of the imagination his fancy may indulge. That he does not call per sons by their real names does not impair the truth of the story. James A. Gordon, in his " Old Memories," says : " I have before me an original paper written by and signed by him. It is a plain and neat piece of chirography. It reads : " Permit the bearer, Ebenezer Marcy, of this town, to pass and repass from this to the Nine Partners, in the State of New York, or elsewhere, if need be, he having taken the oath of Fidelity as prescribed by law, and being esteemed friendly to the United States of America and the public, compliance will be gratefully acknowl edged by their Humble serv't, John Jenkins, State of Connecticut, Jan. 22, 1778. Justice of the Peace, Westmoreland." This paper makes positive proof that Justice Jenkins was Albert in " Gertrude of Wyoming." That Campbell gave real personages is shown by his mention of " that monster, Brandt." It may be excusable here to make a digression. Much dis cussion has arisen about Brandt's presence at the massacre. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 33 The late Stephen Jenkins has affirmed most positively that Brandt was there ; that people saw him and knew him, and that afterward his descendants offered large sums of money to per sons in Wyoming if they would testify that he (Brandt) was not in that murderous affair ; but no one could be found so disloyal to the truth that they would accept a bribe to betray it. Brandt's heirs also besought the author of "Gertrude" to remove his name from the poem, and he refused to do it. A letter has been produced purporting to have been written by him, dated at the time of the massacre, and at another place, to prove that he was not there. May not the date of this letter be a forgery ? When people are so anxious to overthrow evidence as to offer large bribes to do it, there would be a strong tempta tion to use any or every means to accomplish such a purpose. After the massacre the Tories and Indians remained in possession of the valley, until General Sullivan with his army came and drove them away ; but that did not bring rest to the people. The Pennamite was still contesting for a title to their lands, and white-winged Peace, as yet, found no resting-place in the foot steps of war and desolation. Although Judge Jenkins had a character which won the admiration of his friends and caused him to figure as a hero in a poem which is numbered among the English classics, he also received a full share of abuse from his enemies. Standing as he did at the very head and front of the contest between the Pennsyl vania and Connecticut people it was natural that the enmity and vituperation for which the former were distinguished should fall with unabated fury upon his devoted head. When we recollect that in those trying times public feeling ran at a high pitch and that even the Father of his Country was viciously defamed and that it was declared by his enemies that the government under his administration was "debauched" we can understand how it is that the greater a man is the more he will be maligned by his enemies. Not only did he suffer from the disparagements of his foes, but he and his family suffered great loss and personal injury inflicted at their hands. Two of his sons were driven on foot over the Pocono mountains to the jail at Easton with their hands tied behind them. For some offense the jailor struck Benjamin Jenkins on the head with a large brass key and he died 34 The American Historical Register. from the effects of the injury after reaching home.* The family of Judge Jenkins was driven from Wyoming by the Pennamites and sought refuge among the Society of Friends in Goshen, Orange county, N. Y., he being a prominent member of that denomination. Chapman in his history relates that on the 12th of May, 1784, one hundred and fifty families were driven from their homes many of which were burned and all ages and sexes reduced to the same desti tute condition. After being plundered of their little remaining property, they were driven from the valley and compelled to proceed on foot through the wilderness by the way of the Lackawaxen to the Delaware, a distance of about eighty miles. During this journey the unhappy fugitives suffered all the miseries which human nature seems capable of enduring. Old men whose children were slain in battle, widows with their infant children, and children without parents to protect them, were here companions in exile and sor row, and wandering in a wilderness where famine and wild beasts continued daily to lessen the number of the sufferers. One shocking instance of suffering is related by a. survivor of this scene of death ; it is the case of a mother whose infant having died, roasted it by piecemeal for the daily subsistence of her remaining children. Elisha Harding, Esq., who was one of the exiles, says it was a solemn scene : parents, their children crying for hunger — aged men on crutches — all urged forward by an armed force at our heels. The first night we camped at Capouse, the second at i obb's, the third at Little Meadows, cold, hungry and drenched with rain, the poor women and children suffering much. Charles Miner thus describes this trying event : On the 13th and 14th of May the soldiers were sent forth, and at the point of the bayonet, with the most high-handed arrogance, dispossessed one hundred and fifty families ; in many instances set fire to their dwellings, avowing the intention to utterly expel them from the country. Unable to make any effectual resistance, the people implored for leave to remove either up or down the river as with their wives and children in the state of the roads it would be impossible to travel. A stern refusal met this reasonable request and they were directed to take the Lackawaxen road, as leading most directly to Connecticut. But this way consisted of sixty miles of wilder ness with scarce a house ; the roads were wholly neglected during the war, and they then begged leave to take .the Eastern or Stroudsburg route, where bridges spanned the larger streams, still swollen by recent rains. All importunities were vain and the people fled toward the Delaware, objects of destitution and pity that should have moved a heart of marble. _ About five hundred men, women and children, with scarce provisions to sus- ta.nl.fe, plodded their weary way, mostly on foot ; the roads being impassable for wagons, mothers carrying their infants and pregnant women literally wading streams, the water reaching to their armpits, and at night slept on naked earth, the heavens * Benjamin Jenkins was the great-grandfather of Catharine Searle McCartney, regent of Wyoming Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. Traditions of Fort Jenkins . 35 their canopy, and scarce clothes to cover them. John Gardner and John Jenkins, both aged men and lame, sought their way on crutches. Little children tired with travel ing, crying to their mothers for bread which they had not to give them, sunk from exhaustion, while the mothers could only shed tears of sorrow and compassion, till in sleep they forgot their griefs and cares. Several of the unfortunates died in the wilderness, others were taken sick from excessive fatigue, and expired soon after reaching the settlement. A widow with a numerous family of children whose hus band had been slain in the war, endured incredible hardships. One child died, and she buried it as best she could beneath a hemlock log, probably to be disinterred from its shallow covering and be devoured by wolves. After a march of seven days these poor fugitives reached the Delaware, where they disbanded, some going up and some down the river. Mr. Miner apologizes for the barbarity of the Pennsylvania government by stating that " Pennsylvania repu diated this ferocious conduct of the soldiers, and at once indig nantly dismissed the respective companies engaged in proceed ings so infamous." It was very convenient for Pennsylvania to dismiss soldiers after they had accomplished the vile purpose for which they were sent and were no longer needful to the government. Why were they sent against an unarmed and peaceable community unless to drive them from their homes which in any case would be an unjustifiable act of cruelty. Make the best apology who may this is a very bad record. Brigadier-General Armstrong, afterward Secretary of War, harsh and coveteous himself, reported to President Dickinson in October, 1784, that " the treatment of the Lackawany people ' had been excessively cruel!' Dr. Hollister in his history remarks that " voluntary evidence so explicit from such a quarter needs no corroborative testimony to give it weight." The Doctor also adds that " the trials of these people have all the grand features of an epic poem." In this exodus from his home Judge Jenkins, lame, aged and on foot, carried his family Bible strapped on his back. The Bible so carefully preserved is said to have had many important documents placed within its leaves for safe keeping. The family remained in exile seven years before returning to Wyoming and for some reason the Bible did not come with them. The loss of the important papers it contained has, no doubt, prevented many historic facts from coming to light. In after time William 36 The American Historical Register. Jenkins, a son of the Judge and a wealthy man of Elmira, N. Y., made diligent search for the lost book, but it could never be found. Judge Jenkins never recovered from the injuries inflicted by the Pennamites and he died from their effects in November, 1784, at Goshen, N. Y., six months after his exile. He was buried in " The Drowned Lands." The place of sepulture was kept secret lest his enemies should desecrate his grave. It has been recorded of him that " his whole life was occupied with hard labor for the public, and his record as a faithful and devoted public servant has few parallels." {To be continued!) SOME COLONIAL FAMILIES. BOWNE OF NEW JERSEY. It has been remarked : " No history of New Jersey could be complete without the Bownes." Certainly no name appears oftener upon the earliest records found in the Court House of Monmouth county, or at the office of the Secretary of State, Tren ton. The old Indian deeds bear the signa tures of this' remarkable family, and it is found upon various documents during most of the colonial period. The Bownes, active as colonists, were not found wanting when the just call came for independence of the mother country. Eleven descendants, mostly from Monmouth county, served in the Revolution.* The progenitor of the family in this country was William Bowne, from Yorkshire, of whom it is written : " He can trace a long line of ancestry far up the ages." The Bowne coat of arms bears the motto, " Fama Nominis Bona." William Bowne with his wife Ann and son John settled at Salem, Mass., in the year 163 1. At this period the flower of the English Puritans came to America ; among them were high-born men and women, with graduates of Oxford and Cambridge, besides men of prop erty and influence. The new settlement was called Salem or Peace, because of the hope that rest from persecution might be obtained. When religious intolerance became oppressive in the Massachusetts Bay colony, William Bowne and a few others moved beyond its jurisdiction and founded Rehoboth, which interpreted means, "God has made room for us." Unfortunate^ Rehoboth was within the territory of the Plymouth colony, and the little band could not secure the religious freedom they desired. We next find William Bowne at Gravesend, Long Island, where he bought a plantation, November 12, 1646, and his son John purchased one September 20, 1647. William Bowne was " Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War. ' ' 3 The American Historical Register. one of the patentees of Gravesend, and its magistrate for six years,namely: 1651, 55, 56, 57, 61, 62.* He purchased , .large Lk of land in New Jersey, in 1665, and settled at Middletown. He and his son James Bowne were appointed to act as patentees in the room of John Tilton and Samuel Spicer, of Gravesend, according to an order under both their hands bear ing date May 26, 1669, and represented the patentees in a general court held at Portland Point the following day. William Bowne was also present at the General Assembly of Patentees and Deputies held at Portland Point December 28, i669.f He was married twice. First wife, Ann ; children, John, b. in England; James, baptized in Salem, Mass., August 25, 1636; Andrew, August 12, 1638, and Philip, December 7, 1640. Second wife, Mary Haverlads Felt, July 1 2, 1669. £ He died in 1677. Early in 1665, William, Captain John and James Bowne, father and sons, obtained a patent for a tract of land lying in Monmouth county, N. J., whither they shortly afterwards moved. In the Court House at Freehold is a well-preserved map showing these possessions. In that same year (1665) Captain John Bowne and his associates obtained the noted Monmouth Patent, dated April 8, 1665, for lands in East Jersey, and before attempting to settle upon it, they honorably and honestly bought every foot of land from the Indians.g Thus setting an example in this just and humane policy seventeen years before Penn came to America, to which practice he conformed with a kindness of spirit that made an indelible impression. Captain John Bowne and his associates declared " free liberty of conscience, without any moles tation or disturbance whatever in the way of their worship." Ellis the historian writes : " Until Captain Bowne's death, in in 1684, he was the most prominent man in the county, esteemed for his ability and integrity." He was a leader in purchasing from the Indians the " three necks " of Newasink, Navarumsunk, and Pootapeck, and was one of the company who sailed from Graves end, Long Island, in Christopher Ellsworth's sloop in December, * " Early Settlers of New York." t " Old Times in Old Monmouth,' ' p. 202. J Savage's "Genealogical Dictionary," p. 217, Vol. Ist. § Learning & Spicer, pp. 665 and 666. Some Colonial Families. 39 1663, in the prosecution of that enterprise.* Captain Bowne was one of the first five families to make a permanent settlement on that great tract.f He gave the lot on which the first Baptist Church was built in 1667, and conducted the services until an ordained minister could be obtained. He was town clerk of Middletown; justice of the peace (a position during the colonial period equivalent to judge of the Supreme Court). He was a deputy to the first Assembly which met May 26, 1668, in Gov ernor Carteret's time, and was the speaker. He was deputy again in 1675, and in the first legislature under the twenty-four proprietors. " The people of Monmouth early learned through the leadership of John Bowne to seek redress from the proprie tors through their representatives in the House of Deputies." In 1683, he was a member and was the speaker. He was judge of the Court of Monmouth, and was deputed August 1, 1673, to treat with the admirals and commanders belonging to the States- General and Prince of Orange. A commission was issued to him as president of the Court to hold a term at Middletown. He was appointed major of the militia of Monmouth county in December, 1683. In matters of Law, Church and State he was consulted, and was called the " trusted leader " of the early Mon mouth colonists. He married Lydia Holmes, daughter of Rev. Obadiah Holmes; issue, John, b. April 1, 1664; Obadiah, b. July 18, 1666; Deborah, b. January 26, 1668; Sarah, b. Novem ber 27, 1669; Catharine not recorded. He d. January 3, 1684, and his remains are interred in the old Presbyterian burying ground at Middletown, N. J., and are marked by the oldest stone in the yard. J. E. Stillwell, M. D., of New York City, gives the inscription upon this stone in an admirable article written by him, " Upon the Burying Grounds of Old Monmouth," and pub lished in the Monmouth Democrat August 20, 1885. Monmouth county may be justly proud of the heroic character of Captain John Bowne, the first. He is without a peer in the early history of this State. * Account of the trip of Govert Lockerman and others to the Navesink region. f The mansion house, Crawford Hall, near Holmdel, at Crawford's Corner, begun by Captain John Bowne, was accidentally destroyed by fire, June 17, 1895. The house was about 75 x 45 feet and contained fifteen rooms, and was remarkably well constructed, the rooms and halls being spacious. 4o The American Historical Register. James Bowne (son of William and Ann) was baptized at Salem, Mass., August 25, 1636. He settled in Middletown, Mon mouth county, in the year 1665. He acted as interpreter during the purchase of lands from the Indians and was a deputy to the first General Assembly at Portland Point, N. J., in 1667.* In the town book of old Middletown, N. J., transcribed by J. E. Stillwell, M. D., are found the following records : "May 25, 1669, James Bowne, James Ashton, Jonathan Hulmes were this day by the plmalities of votes chosen deputies to act with the patentees at the general courtt to bee held at Portland Point the 27 of May." "May the 9th, 1670, James Bowne, James Ashton, John Wilson, chosen Deputies to the next general courtt." "Januarey the First, in- the Yeare 1676. ' 'James Bowne and Thomas Coxe are the men chosen deputies to mette the Gov ernor and Counsell at Woodbridge on the second Thursday in October next. "Testis Richard Hartshorne, Towne Clarke." "January the First, in Year 1677. "John Throgmorton, James Bowne are the men chosen deputies to meet the Gov ernor and Counsell at Elizabethtowne on the third Munday in October next." "January the First 1677. "James Bowne was this day agreed to be town clerk for the ensuing year." Among the old papers at Albany is a letter which he ad dressed to the Governor of New York : "February the 20, 1679-80. "James Bowne and John Stout were chosen Deputies to act with the Assembly at Middletown." James Bowne succeeded Richard Richardson as recorder of Monmouth county in 1680. He was appointed by the Gov ernor and Council, minister of justice for East Jersey.f He held other positions of honor and trust He married, December 26, 1665, Mary Stout, daughter of Richard Stout and Penelope Van Princis ; Issue : James, Andrew, John, William, and others. James Bowne, Sr., died between 1692- 1696. Governor Andrew Bowne, son of William Bowne, and brother of Captain John Bowne, was baptized at Salem, Mass., August 12, 1638. He settled in Monmouth county before 1692. At a Council held at Perth Amboy, September 28, 1692, he was a member; Colonel Hamilton, governor. At a * Archives of New Jersey. t "Old Times in Old Monmouth," p. 249. Some Colonial Families. 41 Council held for the General Assembly at Perth Amboy, May 15, 1699, he was deputy governor.* He was commissioned, 1704, by Governor Basse to be third judge and assistant to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature for the province of East Jersey, and was continued in the same position until 1706 by Lord Cornbury. He was com missioned governor and commander-in-chief with power to appoint a deputy governor, by the Committee of Proprietors of East New Jersey in America, residing in or about London, and the rest of the proprietors of the said province, March 27, I70i.f Governor Hamilton refused to recognize this commission and retained the office against all opposition. Governor Andrew Bowne's will is dated May 6, 1707, and was proved June 26, 1708. He gives his estate to his loving wife Elizabeth during her natural life, after which it is devised unto his three grandchildren, John, Ann and Lydia. These are the children of his daughter Elizabeth, who was the first wife of Obadiah Bowne. I discovered this fact from a quit-claim deed, dated August 16, 1725, and solved what had here tofore been a genealogical puzzle to the descendants of this branch of the Bownes. One careful genealogist told me that he had laid awake at nights trying to reconcile the repetition of the family names in the private papers of Captain John Bowne and Governor Andrew Bowne, but all was made plain by the dis covery of the marriage between a son of the former with a daughter of the latter. It now seems that Governor Andrew Bowne had no male issue living when his will was made. Captain John Bowne, second, son of Captain John Bowne, first, was born April 1, 1664, at Gravesend, L. I., and came to New Jersey with his father. He married Frances Bowman, of Bur lington, N. J., December 26, 1692. He was a member of the Provincial Assembly of New Jersey, November 10, 1703-1707, and was the speaker. He was receiver-general of the province, judge of the court, etc. In the Archives of New Jersey we find, suggested for the Governor's Council, " such good and honest men as John Bowne and Cornelius Longfield." His will was made September 14, 17 14, and proved in 17 16. He died without * Record of Governor and Council of East New Jersey 1682-1703. f Liber. C. of Commissions, pp. 65, 66. 42 The American Historical Register. issue and was interred in the old Presbyterian burying ground at Middletown, N. J., and the stone which marks his grave is still in an excellent state of preservation. Obadiah Bowne, second son of Captain John, first, was born at Gravesend, L. I.July 1 8, 1 666. He married, first, Elizabeth Bowne (eldest daughter of Governor Andrew Bowne) issue : John, Ann and Lydia. Second wife, Elizabeth Longfield ; issue : Obadiah, Thomas, Cornelius and Mary. Mary married Dr. Richard Stillwell. One of the older daughters married a Kearney. He was a man of fine education and his name fre quently appears in county and State transactions. In all of these transactions the title of gentleman or esquire is conferred upon him. He was a member of the Provincial Assembly in 1703, 1704. He was a member of the Governor's Council, judge of the court, commissioner of boundaries for Monmouth, etc., etc. Obadiah Bowne, gentleman, died April 19, 1726, aged fifty-nine years, ten months, and is interred in the old Presbyterian bury ing ground at Middletown, N. J. His son John Bowne was a judge in Monmouth county about 1741, and bore the title of gentleman or esquire. The stone which marks his tomb is still standing in the old Presbyterian burying ground at Middle- town, N. J. The late Edwin Saltar, in his eloquent address at the Bicen tennial of the New Jersey Legislature, March 2, 18S3, stated that " a man noted in the history of the nation, who descended from early settlers of New Jersey was the late President Abraham Lincoln, one of whose ancestors was John Bowne, speaker of the House of Assembly two hundred years ago." The indomit able spirit, and intellectual vigor of this remarkable family culminated in the " Great American." Alethia Hunt Weatherby. EDWARD HAND, COLONEL FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYIAANIA LINE. Continued from /•. 140S. SIZE ROLL FOURTH COMPANY FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT. Names Where Born ok Resid El •(LISTED By Whom Enlisted Trade Age Size Hair Complexion Remarks ing When Where Ft. IN. Sergeants Thomas BigneJ Ireland 1777 Lancaster Capt. Wirtz Laborer 22 5 10^ Fair Fair Edward Blake " 1777 L. York Lieut. Egilbergar Hosier 25 5 VA Brown 11 John Clarke 1781 Carlisle Capt. Campbell Laborer 3° 5 10 " Ruddy George Dalton 1777 Philadelphia " Douglas Clock maker 35 5 10 Fair Fair Deserted James Neill 1776 Chester Moore Stone mason 23 5 6% - ' Hugh Thompson " 1781 Lancaster Hubley, Esq. Weaver 25 5 S'A " " Transf d Sth Co. Michael Upton " 1781 Philadelphia Col. Nichols Laborer 25 5 S'/2 Sandy ' Drummer John Jeffries • 1777 C. County Maj. Alexander " 26 5 7'A " FlFER Edward Heaney Penna. 1777 Reading Capt. Bower Tanner !9 5 ioyi Black ' De?erted Corporals Patrick Butler Ireland 1777 C. County Maj. Alexander Weaver 3° 5 9 Brown Brown Joined April, 1778 John Cavanough " '777 Carlisle Ensign McGee Laborer 24 5 6^ " " " Jan., 1777 Josiah Gilbreath " 1777 " Capt. Wilson Blacksmith 5° 5 10 " Feb., 1777 Roger McCoy Scotland 1777 Ticonderoga " Haye Hatter 22 5 1% Fair George Patrick Penna. 1777 C. County ' Brooks Farmer 22 5 VA Dark " William Read Ireland 1777 Philadelphia ' Campbell Watch maker 25 5 4 Brown Brown Oct., 1778 John Summerville " 1777 York Col. Hartley Farmer 29 5 6 Black Dark " Jan., 1777 Privates John Allen England 1777 " Ensign McGee Laborer 26 5 6 Faii- Fair James Baxter Virginia 1777 Carlisle Col. McGaw i< 26 5 9;V Brown Dark Michael Blake reland 1777 " Lieut. McCollum Breeches maker 5° 5 S% Grey Fair Andrew Bird England 1777 Lancaster Capt. Wirtz Laborer 16 5 5 Brown Brown Alexander Burns reland •775 Carlisle " Henderson Weaver 42 5 6 Black Dark George Brannigan " 1777 3hiladelphia " Coats Joiner 25 5 8 Fair Fair John Beaty 1781 LancasterCo. Class Laborer 22 5 10 " " Jacob Buswald r'enna. 1777 Philadelphia Capt. Bower 21 5 9 Brown Dark Dead Dead ^ >N c c ¦SHI'S s^-St.-S n * h -S ^ ==^ ^ "-S ^ -S.- i? S j? : S cd J? cd i? " «!-.«: tJoiJi^rt; 3 £ a • ,5 cd - - PcnP cofePfeP lufflh Pfcpqmtn mPh P fa, c*s 2 S3 MP Fair Dark Sandy Fail- ,*«.«! 2.2 2.3- S^S S " § 2j2 2.2" £-^2«^Sg- • cQu.cqcMpao3 mmcq wOmcQeq cq mmfacPOm mm rt cd 33 Sandy Brown Dark X XXX >t:X X X X^t X X X MD CQOO Km ts ONWClcnO-tO r-^vO OO^OClt-tclcoO^O^G-vOONO'-'i-iNr^i/-, ^T N clinrl ^- ro ro u^ n co ^- COVO CI CI CI WM n M C1h CI ^flfl lAffl^ VO i^i^N COM CO CO M rfr CI CD V I- I- -0 t> 0) o ¦ .3..° ' £3 QJ I- S.O: - .2 cd cd I. H I. v-3 o B^ cd o o ; ".a cd g s g O (L) O ¦ ScoiJOJSJ 5JU HStniJ C V in cu > w cd cd £.3 PQ Lieut. McCollum Milligan Capt. Alexander " Davis Lieut. Blair Capt. Coats Ensign Bush Lieut. McCollum Capt. Parr " Lusk " Parr Lieut. Milligan Capt. Brooks Lieut. Tyrons Maj. Bush Capt.Wirtz Lieut. Anderson " McCollum Milligan " Torrance Sergt.Boude Capt.Alexander " McDonnel Lieut.Anderson Capt.Steele " Cox " Doyle : Col.Stewart Ensign McGee Lieut.Young Capt.Smith Lieut.Milligan Capt.Clugadge cd cd o ~ w> -a M u >. ° p u u "5 Q* >. p ^ «IJ l. (U u O. jj c cd O cd 3 . 3.- cd a! cd cd ¦ ,3 cd i- . cd . cd j- cd U>-UZ>> m is ^a cu cd aj J OS O JSiT ccd -d S v >, 3 U o cd CU u 2 c « o.g .. ^i C cd o C J2 o - a c S=-S •S o U :t " o « t- " m -C cd o u ^ S K elc« >; SIZE ROLL FOURTH COMPANY FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT.— Continued. Names Privates Christopher Reilev Matthew Smith Jacob Smith John Stigafouse James Siggarson John Thompson John Todd John Trible Thomas Vardon Edward Wills John Wright Garrett Waggoner Clement Walrut Conrad Wills Samuel Woods John Benson Where Born or Resid- i inc; Ireland Penna. Germ'ny Ireland EnglandIreland Penna. Jersey England Penna. When Enlisted Where Jersey Carlisle Philadelphia TotawayCarlisle C. County L. County Philadelphia TiconderogaLancaster ChesterL. York Carlisle By Whom Enlisted Capt. DawsonMiller Alexander Lang Capt. Wilson " Alexander Lieut. Grifly Capt. Cruse Sergt. Moffit Capt. Lusk " Miller " Doyle (l C' Lieut. Milligan Trade S. Weaver Laborer Carpenter PotterLaborer Shoemaker Laborer Mason Laborer Shoemaker Gunsmith Rntcher Miller Blacksmith Size Age Ft. 30 5 35 5 27 5 22 5 22 5 2328 35 59 5 27 5 27 S 27 5 34 5 31 5 20 5 25 5 40 5 Complexion FairSwathyBrownFaii-BrownFail-Dark FairDark Black Brown Dark Black Remarks Transferred Sth Co. Dead Dead Deserted SIZE ROLL FIFTH COMPANY FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT. Names Sergeants John Allison James Melvin James Moore Alexander Rodgers Samuel Craig Where Born or Resid ing Ireland Enlisted When I Where By Whom Enlisted Mar. '8rCarlisle Capt. Campbell Dec. '76 PPhiladelphia " Grubb N. Castle1 1781 " Col. Stewart Ireland Jan. '77 Lieut. Savage " Feb. 'yy '¦ " " Trade Schoolmaster 'Tailor Schoolmaster Storekeeper Size Age Ft. In. Hair 34 5 10^ Brown 45 5 2 Fail- 40 5 9 Sandy 39 6 i Black 40 5 7 Fair Complexion Remarks Dead Nicholas Neal William Dawson Corporals John Smith Jacob Cabel William Kelley Peter Geehan James Kirk George Shear Fifer Jesse Moore Drummer John Moore Privates Bartholomew Berry Andrew Cook Sterling Cannon John Coffee Matthew Can- Richard Coal William Dilman James Duffey Henry Felty Roger Finney James Glinn Marmaduke Hanton George Harvey John Hilsdorph Cornelius Huffman Alexander Henderson Thomas Jones Keelon Kelley Lawrence Keenan Edward Kell.ins Peter I.aughlin N.Jersey Oct. '76 Ireland Jan. '77 England Mar. '81 Germ'ny 1781 Penna. Jan. '78 Ireland April '77 1 1 Germ'ny Feb. '77 Penna. 1781 " 1781 [reland May '76 Penna. Feb. '77 Ireland Mar. '77 " Feb. '78 " Mar. '77 England " Phila. Feb. '77 Ireland Mar. '77 Penna. Feb. '8 1 Ireland Sept. '78 " Dec. '76 " Mar. '77 England " " 1781 Geim'nv April '77 Ireland Feb. '77 England " Penna. Mar. '77 Ireland Nov. '76 " Jan. '77 1776 Philadelphia Lebanon LancasterValley Forge Y. Town Bucks Co. Reading Philadelphia Marlb.Philadelphia ReadingMcCalis't'wn Lebanon White Marsh Lancaster Carlisle ReadingDonegall Reading Lancaster Philadelphia Reading Philadelphia Capt. Brady Lieut. Savage Heaston Class Capt. Humphry Hops Lieut. Wallace Capt. Bower Col. Stewart Col. Stewart Capt. Lieut. Capt.Lieut.Capt. Lang Savage Bower Bush Savage Bower Clark " Wilkins " Waugh ' WirtzWaughBower Class Lieut. Gibbons " TrislerYoung Bower Dean Young Henderson 'Tailor[Cooper Laborer Blacksmith Laborer Mason Laborer Carpenter Laborer Waggoner WeaverPainterWeaver Barber Laborer Capt. Lieut.Capt. Sawyer DoctorLaborer Potter Tailor Laborer 22 5 8 Dark 29 5 5 Black 33 5 " • 26 5 7 * 21 5 VA * 24 5 8 23 5 &A Brown 44 5 AH Black 13 4 7 Brown 10 4 5 Sandy 36 5 5 Black 49 5 3^ Fair 50 5 6 Brown 44 5 2^ Black 25 5 VA Fair 50 5 VA Black 19 5 9A Faii- 60 5 5 Grey 23 5 8 Brown 20 5 8 Black 40 5 7A " 36 5 (>A Grey 29 5 9 Brown 33 5 3 Faii- 24 5 7 Brown So 5 6 Dark 37 5 6 Brown 51 5 S'A " 35 5 7 Faii- 40 5 6 Sandy 26 5 ?A Black Dark Brown Dark Faii-Brown Fair Brown SwathyFair Swathy FairBrownFair Brown DarkFair Sandy Faii- Brown Reduced DeadDead Dead May 14th Deserted Deserted Deserted SIZE ROLL FIFTH COMPANY FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT.-Continued Where Born or Resid Enlisted By Whom Names Enlisted ing When Where Privates Patrick McCarlin Ireland May '77 Phila. Lieut. Savage John McKinney " Feb. '77 Hanover Capt. McGowan Pierce Mannon " " Lancaster " Poots Malcolm McDonald Scotland April '77 Bristol Maj. Bennezet John Moore James McDonough James Mclntire Ireland " Phila. Lieut. Savage " May '77 Little York Capt. Hops " Walker Thomas McGee " May '81 " Wilkins John Malone April '77 Lieut. Macky James McCaselton James McGee Penna. Jan. '78 Norristown Maj. Grier Ireland April '78 McCaTtown Lieut. Campbell John Mitts Germ'ny Mar. '77 Reading Capt. Demons John McCarroll John Morgan Penna. Jan. '77 Phila. " Stout England Mar. '77 Hartford Lieut. Croxill Samuel McCord Ireland " Phila. Young Archibald McLean " April '81 C. County Col. Stewart Thomas Monday England Feb. '77 Phila. Lieut. Young Jacob Marckley Henry Norton Md. Feb. '81 Lebanon Class Penna. April '81 Lancaster Lieut. Moore James O'Neill William O'Brian Ireland 1781 Lebanon Class " 1781 Phila. Col. Nichols Leonard Princil Germ'ny 1777 ¦ ' Capt. Doyle George Parker Ireland Mar. '77 ' Lieut. Garret Philip Ramson Penna. May '77 Newtown Capt. Cruse Joseph Reynolds David Spence Ireland May '81 Lancaster Lieut. We itzel •¦ May '77 Deny T'ship Capt. McGowan Richard Short England Dec. '76 Phila. Lieut. Hammon John Shaw Patrick Sullivan Scotland iFeb. '81 " Class Ire'and Mar. '81 Germ'nyljune '78 ' Capt. McClellan Philip Stewart Maxetawny " Mouzer Leonard Smith Penna. ,May '79 M01 ristown " Neil John Smith Ireland Mar. '77 Ds'town Ensign McDerry ----- | "size" Trade Age Ft. In. IlAlK Complexion Remarks Laborer 1 38 5 5 3rown Brown deserted 3642 5 7 Sandy Fair Deserted Shoemaker 5 iVz Black Dark Deserted Laborer 20 28 5 8 5 %'A 5 8 . Fair Brown Dead June 14th Tobacconist 33 " Deserted Flaxdresser 35 5 VA ' ' Tinner 32 5 7 Brown Dead Hammer man 5° 5 6 Sandy Fair Laborer '9 5 9 Black 11 Dead Weaver 23 5 8 Brown Laborer 28 5 3'A Dark " Inf't. Co. Cooper 30 5 IOX Black " Laborer 28 5 lU Fail- Nailer 3° 5 6 Black Dark Dead Laborer 23 5 5 " " 11 28 5 4 Fair Butcher 22 5 JI Dark Swathy Dead Carpenter 26 6 2 Black Dark Laborer 11 26 25 5 5 5 3'A , Fair ii Gunsmith 31 5 6 ' Brown Dead Tanner 23 5 (>A Brown Fair Deserted Carpenter 25 5 5 Fair 1 " } Laborer '9 5 9lA Brown 1" '. Miller 40 5 6 " Brown Laborer 41 5 9 ' Fair "i ¦9 5 6 \i 1 Brown 35 5 u« Dark Doctor 46 5 VA Grey Fair Sadler 40 5 7* Brown ' ' Laborer 25 5 »,' = ¦ Black Brown Jacob Sunkill Penna. 1777 Lancaster Ensign Keller Laborer 22 5 7 Brown Brown William Williams England May '78 L. York Lieut. Walker Gardner 45 5 8 Black Nicholas Wolfe Germ'ny May '77 D. Township Ensign Dixon Laborer 22 5 9 " 11 Dead Jacob Willerick " Mar. '77 Reading Capt. Mouzer " 46 5 6 Dark Fair Ludwic Warner 11 April '78 McCalis't'wn Lieut. Campbell Brass founder 30 5 4^ 'Black Dark Abraham Widows Penna. 1781 And. Ferry Class Laborer 22 5 9% Fair Fair Jerry Dowsing England May '77 B. County Capt. Bennezet " 42 5 7 Black Jacob Harrington Penna. Aug. '81 L. York Class " 15 5 *A Sandy ' George Youts Germ'ny Feb. '77 Reading Capt. Bower Sugar baker 5° 5 6 Brown Brown William Scott Penna. April 9 C. County Lieut. Gatholefinsay Laborer 26 5 10 Fair Fair David Prawl " Mar. 'yy B. County Capt. Cruse " 33 5 10 Brown Dark SIZE ROLL SIXTH C DMPANY FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGB i s /IENT OF FC )OT. Where Enlisted IZE Born or Resid ing By Whom Enlisted Trade Age Ft. IN. Hair Complexion Remarks Names When Where Sergeants John Kelso Penna. 1776 Carlisle Capt. Butler Laborer 26 5 7'A Red Fair James Robertson Ireland 1775 York " Grier " 28 5 7 Black Swathy John Watson Penna. 1775 North'b Co. " Miller " 28 5 11 Sandy Sandy Abraham De Hart " 1777 Reading " Reese Weaver 23 5 10 Black Fair Deserted Adam Rex Boston 1776 Philadelphia Sergt. Bartholmew Skin dresser 21 5 1 Brown ' ( Christopher Shockey Penna. 1777 C. County Lieut Juslin Laborer 22 5 &A 1 - Philip Everhart St. Johns 1776 Sunsbury Capt. Miller Skin dresser 52 5 4 Swathy Corporals John Nace Penna. 1780 Tappon Col. Craig Laborer 21 5 7% Fair Fair Samuel Sweney " 1776 Hannahst'n " Butler " 20 5 6X Brown Swathy Deserted Robert McCurday Ireland 1777 Lancaster Lieut Lous " 28 5 7 " " James Peeke England 1781 Eastown Maj. Alexander Cooper 24 5 6yi " " John McKimmins Ireland 1777 Y. Town Capt. Walker Silk weaver 45 5 5 " Arthur Maham " 1781 Reading Mr. Gobin Laborer 22 5 6 Fair Drummer Leonard Toops Penna. 1777 Lebanon Lieut. Booh l9 5 ArA " Swathy V O U ¦W. ¦P fa. CO fan cd v. g cd : IS « cs S co H fa< tyj t- t: H fl H . rt > ro - PcoP COP G S u B u CS >^ > u £ o S S 00 2 JS S J5 fflOJCoSSfflB c cd p - mm G cd : $3 cd : fa. co - - m - "O .- - C-3 CO fat r^ -d- < co r^ -d-vo cl co\o ci Ncncico c^o • ¦tno — r-.. ""* r-~ Gs . o - m Ln us rovO Qnco^-0 O ^ ir^ir^o^O COO cON^^-cn ^J-CO ul^r O C\ MciLncidMni-concicncocfifitciNcncinricnMcici co *d- d t( c c Ul U 4) U _^ !- > ^ . — ' Cd ?-> CO 1) cd S J_ 1— ^H , ,C <" JJ <" c* o > G >~ cd ^ cd l. ^. cd cd , o 9 CD cd cd CO J o o rg,n c . -- a 2 H T3 Gcd cd s 0-..2 53 T3 G X) cd •- G -cdS SuSu=com^mu«gfa.cxSpQ _¦ Q-. - : -^ o. 3 cd - o.« cd = .«- UU UJU J ftS - a. £i cd .H - cd 2UJ U G o G O >. ¦ c O . 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Sandy Brown " Fair Brown Sandy Brown Black Brown Black Brown Black Brown Fair Brown Fair Brown Black Brown : O CI N cd CO OJ—n o CO C J2 OJ :> Xi - o cd ^B cd J CO J £ cd cd CO -J •5.3 o _ . $3 ~ tj -° G ,cd i= cd cd -Si Ji*.S3 33 = hum cd 2« G id °-5 CU 4J cd w c c ° e £.2 >•£ u - cdV, ^.^^cdco^^^-cJ-j^p§ ^ O u ^ K f* H x £ fan ifal .* cu CO CO J a3 UJ 4} .33 cd .3; c/jJu J £ ¦- «i u G 2 a g_S d- p *- h ^ >t en - ^ — OJ ~-< .;3 -i^ G O (S^faicom ° Jum otspq^ gh • +s co *J „• co 2 4J • ^ « o. 3 .Go. Gar . p cd- .S3 : " i .S3 cd : £ .S3 .23 cd"o .2 0 en G * rt X -^-33 P-r- CJ cnB; O f 3 •3-S.S.s ^ c > z m- cd CO -^ G . 3ucc _G e _G t;, cu G a) cu OUUJ O cu cd _, cd§ aj cu "^ G JG c PS ° J3 G S in cd '=q >,C0 1) G G O G cd ... JG O G „ ^ S. 00 0) rr-1 -fi S3 - ,2 30^ cd ^ cd ^ S3 ^ ._ S.y -53 Sj "5jd.„ j-_~r - .- ^ >» J3^S"SjG cdJ= p 2c "g-jC tuj;.S3 rt-s cd cu S3 u ci ,H Q S 3H cu U <£ fa. L5 ^ ^C^^Poi.jj £L;z -r. SIZE ROLL SEVENTH COMPANY FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT. Names Sergeants Patrick Preston Simon Digbey Andrew Sands Thomas Scotland Thomas Burns Terrance Connel Daniel Humphry Corporals Adam Ruport John Gower Hugh Henderson Edward Butler Timothy Winters Elijah Hardy Philip Henry William Pilmore Drummer William Mitcheal Fjfer George Burnett Privates Jacob Tanner Edward Lardner Laurance Gorman Alexander Coyles John McNair Edward Kelley Felix McLaughlin Where Born or Resid ing Ireland Scotland [reland England Penna. Scotland Ireland England At Sea England Penna.Ireland Enlisted When Where 17811777 1779 178. 1776 17771776 17811781 17811778 17811776 1776 1781 1776 178117811781 1781 178117811781 Y. Town Philadelphia AV. Point (Philadelphia Lancaster L. York Y. Town New York Long Island York Philadelphia By Whom Enlisted Trade A. Wolf, T. keeper Weaver Capt. Lang 1 Laborer Lieut. McFarlan Weaver Capt. Dean Clothier " Stout Cord winder " Ross Cooper Lieut. Crawford Weaver 1781 Reading Valley Forge 'York Philadelphia Lancaster York Philadelphia Y. Town Capt. Wirts Lieut. Lyons Col. Robison Sergt. Nevins J. Ermon, T. keepei Capt. Craig " Parr" Davis Lieut. Johnston Col. Butler Carpenter MillwrightFarmerLaborer WeaverGunsmithChandler Laborer Fuller Gentlemen Lieut. McFarlan Millwright Ermon, T. keeper Farmer Capt. Coats Shoemaker Sergt. Ward Tailor Capt. Hughes R. Kennedy, T. kpr Farmer Age 26342430 38 30 42 34 27 35 2 3 28 252635 25 202528 37 42 52 54 Size Hair Ft. In. 5 6 5 5 5 8 Brown FairDark 6'A Fair 6 " Dark 6 7 yz Brown 863Xt>X(>A 7A 5 7A (>A 7% 5 87* 77 4 Dark Fail- Dark Black Faii- DarkFair DarkFaii-DarkFair Complexion Remarks Fair DesertedDeserted Dark Fair Deserted Transf'd Penna. Dead Dark Fair Deserted Dead Dark Brown Faii- DarkFair DarkFaii- DesertedDeserted DarkFair Tt CO )-< CU tn to n T3 Cm 0) l/l cu o> G PO &T3 c £ «3 ^ T3 5 !/! P P P HO '3: : ; cj: - " • = a; : - . : s'3 rt'ri^id: : " : : : : : " " 'S^1 fa. 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G ,cd:EGrt- SjC£jCJ CJSP:' 2z) ix H cu £ ^ A a, J: oci o- i cb, O i Ph A mii^ T3 Tl ¦ T3 C Pi >-. cd c cd Si 5 t4"^ s S"3 ™ V Wiu SIZE ROLL SEVENTH COMPANY FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT.— Continued. j Where I Horn or Names Resid ing WiiEr* Privates Edward Miles Ireland 1778 Robert Garret " 1778 Martin Wardner Germ'ny 1781 John Mollin Ireland 1776 Henry Mooney " 1776 Samuel Brown William Dean England 1781 James O'Neill Ireland 1781 James Brown " 1781 Micheal McNorton ¦¦ 1778 John Reiley i> 1776 James Dougherty, Sr. 1781 John David Weaver Germ'ny July '81 William Walker England 1776 John Harvey Jersey 1776 Robert Campbell Penna. 1 1781 Edward Bevey Ireland 1781 Daniel Cogdale Penna. | 1781 Moses Swartswood " 1782 fames Gibbons [reland •777 SIZI I ROL] Enlisted Where Philadelphia YorkPhiladelphia YorkLancasterPhiladelphiaChester Philadelphia YorkPhiladelphia L. Island Y. Town M. Town Carlisle S. Carolina Penna. By Whom s [ZE Enlisted Trade Ac -, E - ~ ~ Hair 33 *T. In. Clerk 5 8 Dark John Cloude Bricklayer 33 5 8-4 Faii- Capt. Zeigler Laborer 61 5 VA Brown Corp'l. Henry " 33 5 5 " Capt. Calhoon • 30 5 3 S. M. Burny " 22 5 2'/ Fair Capt. Davis Farmer 24 S c, " Col. Robison Blacksmith 30 5 3 Grey Capt. McCurdy Weaver 24 5 6'/ Faii- Sergt. Moffit Laborer 2B, 5 5 Brown Capt. Craig " 22 5 5'X Fair Sergt. Crowly " 30 5 7 " Col. Mentges Barber 56 5 8 Giey Capi. Fishburne Laborer 52 5 4 Fair 26 5 q " Capt. Wilson 18 S 11 Brown " Crouch 22 5 8 Fair Campbell 15 4 " Lieut. Melvill 17 5 6'X Capt. Wilson 32 5 4 Dark Complexion DarkFairBrown Fair Brown Fair BrownFair Brown Faii- Dark Remarks Dead Nov. 27th Deserted Deserted [Enlisted for 2 years Transf'd Penna. Transt'd 2d Co. Deserted Nov. ioth DesertedDeserted Names Sergeants John Donnell John Sutherland Where Born 01. Resid ing SIZE ROLL EIGHTH COMPANY FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT. Enlisted Ireland Scotland When Where By Whom Enlisted 1777 Lancaster .Mr. Gamble 1776 Carlisle 'Capt. 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Names Where Born oe Resid Enlisted By Whom Enlisted Trade Age Size Hair Complexion Remarks ing When Where Ft In, Privates Jacob Beetham Penna. 1781 Reading Capt. Smith Miller 24 5 5 Brown Brown William Chambers Ireland 1776 Philadelphia Lieut. Ashton Cordwinder 23 5 9% " Faii- James Cooley " 1780 " Sergt. Morford Laborer 50 5 9X Black Brown Peter Davis Englanc 1778 C. County Sutherland (* 59 5 SX Grey " Adam Winhart Penna. 1781 Reading Aaron Lockhart Stocking weaver 17 5 SX Brown George Tripner Germ'ny 1777 Philadelphia Capt. Oldham Barber 34 5 4 Black John Dunn Ireland 1781 Reading " Taylor Laborer 53 5 AX Grey ( Timothy Kelley " 1776 Ticonderoga " Potts " 40 5 &A Black Faii- John Williamson Penna. 1776 " " Church Carpenter 25 5 aA Brown Dark Deserted Roger Curray Ireland 1776 Philadelphia Lieut. Ashton Calico printer 25 5 SX Sandy Fair Deserted Micheal Long " 1777 Mash Creek Gen'l. Potter Laborer 26 5 aX Black " Abraham Ling Penna. 1781 Philadelphia Sergt. Spear Blacksmith 3° 5 sX Brown Dark Robert McDonald Scotland 1778 Lancaster Lieut. McCulloch Laborer 26 5 8 " " Micheal McCorlley Ireland 1777 Ticonderoga Capt. Church Tailor 24 5 2 Black " Henry Harper London 1777 Philadelphia Irvine Barber 42 4 10A Brown Ruddy George Bymer Germ'ny 1777 Chester Reese Evans Laborer 26 5 7 Light Faii- Samuel Blair Scotland 1781 Reading Sergt. Nelson Sailor 28 5 SH Black Dark Dead Francis Neadham England 1779 Philadelphia Morford Blacksmith 3' 5 9 Sandy Faii- Thomas Dodson Penna. 1777 Ticonderoga Capt. North " 32 5 7X Brown Dark John Conner England 1777 Philadelphia " McClellan Laborer 16 5 1 Red Faii- Eberhart Verhine Hague 1776 Ticonderoga " Church " 33 5 5 Brown Dark Deserted Peter Whelin [reland 1777 Philadelphia ' Bower Weaver 33 5 6A " Fair Patrick Fennel " 1777 " " Irvine Laborer 20 5 6 " " Thomas Doyle, Sr. tt 1781 " Adam Hill " 28 5 9 " Dark Thomas Peacock Denna. 1777 " Lieut. Davis 18 5 10X Light " Matthew McAnally " 1778 Valley Forge Butcher 29 5 7 Sandy Fair Deserted Thomas McCord " 1778 STorthumb'I'd Capt. Grant t.aborcr 25 5 6 Brown Dark John Jones N'wY'rk '779 Philadelphia Col. Johnston Blockmillcr 16 4 9 White Faii- William Curray Denna. 1779 Chester Sergt. Morford Miller 29 5 S'-i Black Brown Morris Doyle Ireland ¦778 Philadelphia Hustler Plasterer 24 5 8 '4 Brown Faii- Patrick McCrossen " 1776 Edward Fitzgerald Farmer 23 5 5 1 " Brown xi -a T3 CO CO V — i- )H CJ CO 1) en en CO CO CU pp P 'cd : 3 J* . JM *- .G u ~ cd ^ cd 3 - air fa. Pt.P Fail Bro Bla. Black Sandy Black Fair Brown " Dark Black Grey Black Light Wool co u-*\0 u-AO l-^-O VO -d- ""> t-^ G\ ci n O -< MO <"1 O 00 G\ rl COM3 00 tN C3\CO CO CJ> ro n en co pl rl n pl cl N m en w m m T3 O ; I- J2 o cd co U U J. O CJ o - 33G3 J3 ' cd • " cd HS _! Sergt. Spear Capt. Boude Lieut. Battholemew Capt. Church " Bartholemew ' Pearson Col. Nichols Capt. Christy " Seiley Lieut. Bigham Capt. Vernon Lieut. Brooks Sergt. Fannon " Kelso Lieut. Buck Philadelphia Reading Penna. Philadelphia " W.Horse AshlyHill Philadelphia co nsns t\co t^ r-^ r^c© r^oo oo t^ Ireland Penna. Scotia nd Ireland Penna. Ireland Penna. England Jersey William Scott JohnDobbins CharlesCooper DavidReece Elias Peters ArchibaldMcKendrick JohnRedmond JacobStrole JohnHembright PhilipHaddy MichealWelch AndrewPinkerton JonahJones JohnKain Levi Burns 58 The American Historical Register. ITEMS FROM THE REGIMENT BOOK. The following non-commissioned officers and privates of the ist regiment Pennsylvania line, Sergeants John Nicholson, Terrance Connel, Thomas Hustler, John Spear and Abraham Shaw, were transferred in December, 1782, by General Greene, from Salisbury to the regiments in Pennsylvania. On May 11, 1783, Elias Peters was also transferred to regiment in Pennsyl vania, and Stace Williams, September 19, 1783, was returned in the 2d regiment by Colonel Hampton. John David Weaver was discharged January 10, 1783, by General Greene, at Ashly Hill, his term of service having expired. Ensign Ebenezer Denny was made lieutenant May 23, 1781. Ensign John Vancourt was incorporated into the Artillery, and Lieutenant John McKinney into the 3d Pennsylvania regi ment, on March 12, 1785, by order of Secretary at War. Lieutenant George Blewer was arrested November 30, 1782, by Captain Armstrong, and tried December 3, 1782, by the Gen eral Court, president, Colonel Matthews, "crimes: — First for drunkenness when on duty ; second, for neglect of duty." The result of the trial is not stated, only " proceedings of the court martial are referred to the Board of War," but under " Transfers " is the entry : — On May 11, 1783, Lieutenant George Blewer was transferred to Pennsylvania by order of General Greene. On March 10, 1783, Captain John Steel was given fifteen days "leave of absence" to go to G. Town, and Surgeon John Mc Dowell to go to Georgia, by Lieutenant Colonel Josiah Harmar, at James Island. On May 7, 1783, Captain John Bankson and Lieutenant Percival Butler were each given fifteen days leave of absence from James Island, by General Greene, to go to Philadelphia "on account of health." Lieutenant John Miligan was given, January 24, ninety days leave of absence to stay in C. Town by Lieut.-Colonel Harmar. Captain Fishbourn was detailed as aide-de-camp to Briga dier-General Wayne, November 7, 1782, by order of Lieutenant- Colonel Harmar, at Ashly Hill. When the Pennsylvania line was reduced to three regiments the following officers were transferred to the Invalids, Pennsyl vania, or retired on half pay by order of the Secretary at War, March 12, 1783:— Captains Henry Becker, William Henderson, David Zeigler, John Steel, and surgeon's mate, Robert Wharry. • •#*N *i- RICHARD BUTLER, LIEUTEMANT-C0L0NEL FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA LINE. 60 The American Historical Register. DESERTIONS FROM FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA LINE. Names John Stout Ambrose Conner John Kelley John Harvey Elija Fielding- Felix Snider Edward Egan Thomas Nichols * John Welch Barney Reiley Corp'l. Charles White John Wolf Corp'l. Butler Sergt. Simon Digby Thomas Collins Robert McGee Cnristy Finnigan Robert Campbell James Woodolph Adam Fink John Benson Micheal Jones Sergt. Andrew Sands Thomas Burns Daniel Cogdail Jacob Tanner John Burns, Drum Major Edward Steen, Drummer Joseph Humphrey, Drummer Henry Henly, Fifer Thomas Marshall Barney Reily f Thomas Killon William McCune Andrew Crotty Thomas McKelvey Mathias Rinehart Thomas Smith John Spaulding, Drummer Isaac Willis Roger Carray Thomas Benson Sergt. Dolton James Welsh Robert Burrows William Ford Sergt. DeHart Com pany Deserted Returned Again Where When When Where 76 6 66 6 i Inf. 83 6 6663 Inf. 4 I 7 443 4 46 2 I 8 4 35 i Ashly Hill Dec. 3, '82 Nov. 23, '82 Nov. 10, '82 James Island Jan. 17, '83 G. H. A. HJJan. 31, '83 James Island Jan. 25, '83 Ashly Hill Jan. 10, '83 James Island Feb. 4 W. Cutt James Island Charlestown James Island Mar. 18, '83 Mar. 28 Mar. 2, '83 Mar. 21, '83 Mar. 27, '83 Mar. 1, 83 1 July 25 May 1, '83 JAug. 1 |Aug. 14 'July 25 Aug. 1, '83 Mar 11, '83 Jameslsland iMay 4, '83 Ijuly iAug. 14 ljuly 24 IMay 2 JAug. 6 I ,, April 29, '83 iMay 6, 'i May 4 1 May 8, '83 [Mav 13, May 7, '83 9. ' 7. Camden May 6, '83 May 4, '83 May 13, May 15, May 23, May 28 James Island May 30 June 4 3 7 12 'May Aug. May Mav Sept. Aug. Aur. 'S3 ¦ '33 15, '86 ¦ Retaken 2d February, I7S3, at Charlestown. Shot February 23, 1783 t Retaken and drummed out agreeably to his sentence. Jameslsland Philadelphia Philadelphia Philadelphia Philadelphia Jameslsland James Island Jameslsland Philadelphia Jameslsland PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia HENRY MILLER, MAJOR FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA LINE. 62 The American Historical Register. DESERTIONS FROM FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA LINE.— Continued. Deserted Returned Again Com Names pany Where When June 12 When Where Corp'l. George Nice i James Islanc Aug. 1 Philadelphia George Taylor I " " April 7 " Richard Stone I " •¦ Aug. 1 " Leonard Teel I " '< .. Alexander Kelly 6 " June n John Dobbins 2 " x William Morris 6 June 13 John Riley 6 " May 2, '86 Daniel McGinnis Thomas Keelar i i June 15 Aug. 30 ; Philadelphia William Roddick i " " Aug. 25 Philadelphia Neil McClosky i " Aug. 20 John Cole i " Jesse Lester Alexander Coyles 66 " Aug. 14 Philadelphia Aug. 1 Sergeant Kerny Inf. Tune 16 Aug. 12, '83 Sergeant Fanning " " " John McMullin John Gray II " " Aug. 25 Philadelphia Edward Jennings George Parker I 5 " June 15 Aug. 1 Philadelphia Josiah Sedgick 3 " June 18 Moses Moreland Micheal Shaw 3 3 ' ' " Nov. 3 Philadelphia Aug. 21 " James Murphy 4 " June 17 Charles Dugan Henry Crone A Inf. ¦ ' June 19 Aug. 5 , Philadelphia Aujt. 5 " George Hefflinger " " " Joseph Lamb " <• '¦ Aug. 14 ,< Lawrance Keenan 5 " ¦ 1 ,, Pierce Mannon 5 " ¦¦ May 17, '86 James Glinn 5 " " Micheal Watts Adam Coagh Richard McPike Copr'l. Gower Samuel Brown Inf. 66 .. June 20 Aug. 20 Sept. 20, '88 Oct. 14 Aug. 14 Philadelphia not dischr'd Philadelphia Peter Laughlin John Killin Bernard Alwine Corp'l. Bradshaw Henry Postle James Magill 5 4 4 44 i June 22 June 24, '83 Aug. 20 Aug. 14 Aug. 5 Aug. 5 Philadelphia Philadelphia Edward Vashein John Williamson James Mcllwain 22->~ ;; June 29 July 28 Philadelphia John Redman 2 " (l Thomas Marshall Sergeant Heffernon 1 3 . Sept. 7 Vlay 10 Sept. 5 Philadelphia John Campbell 3 I " M 6 1 The American Historical Register. DESERTIONS FROM FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA LINE.— Continued. Deserted Returned Again Com Names pany Where When When Nov. 21 Where James Morrison 3 James Island June 29 Philadelphia John Caton 3 " " Aug. 18 " William Scott 2 " June 30 Aug. 21 " John Ward, Sr. Inf. " July 1 Aug. 18 " Adam Clendenan 3 " • " " Daniel McFartridge 3 " ¦ Sept. 9 " Daniel Johnston 3 tt 1 " " Matthew Tarney 3 " ' Sept. 5 " John McCloude 3 " ¦ Aug. 18 " Thomas Stewart 6 •• ¦ Sept. 5 " James Mclntire 5 " ¦ Aug. 15 John McKinny 5 " ¦ Patrick McCarlin 5 " - Thomas Smith 4 " June 30 Aug. 21 Philadelphia Charles Connor 4 1 1 " Aug. 18 " Matthew McAnnally 2 " July 4 August " Moses Swartswood 6 Philadelphia John Ouore 8 " June 24 Thomas Service Boude " July 21 James Dorin " ¦¦ Aug. 24 Philadelphia James Farewell B'nk'n " July 9 Thomas Malzer " Camden Unknown Andrew Pinkerton Bow'n Elk July 28 Thomas Doyle, Jr. " " July 30 Aug. 24 Philadelphia Matthew McAnnally " " " July 28 " Edward Lyons " " " " " Matthew Dorsey " Jameslsland July 8 Sept. 24 " Robert Garret Wls'n Philadelphia Sept. 6 64 The American Historical Register. DEATHS IN FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA LINE. Names Sergt. Roger Moore John Shinings George Stepenson John Johnston John Wright Benjamin Sweeney Robert Shepherd Charles Boyles Edward Miles Felix McCarty Nicholas Wolfe Richard Cole Samuel McCord Thomas McGee Leonard Princill James Meloy Simpson Harris Samuel Thompson John Burk John Todd George Cockindill Robert Elliott Andrew Cook Alexander Porter Godfrey Whitman James McCasselton Hugh Bradly Thomas Nichols Sergt. Saml. Craig Corpl. H. Henderson Jacob Markly Samuel Blair Sergt. Danl. Humphry Corpl. Zacz. Brant George Goss, Fifer William Duffy Corpl. Thomas James McDonough Thomas Rock Martin Warner William Kerr Felix McGlaughlin John Moore Nicholas Delote Corpl. B. Coin George Roberts Garret Waggoner Thomas Caton John Burns Patrick Heron Company ' When 1 6 6 6 4 3 37 7 7 55555 7 2 66 444 5 6 5 Where Dec. 17/82 Genl. Hospital, S. C. Nov. 9, '82 Nov. 17/82 Nov. 30/82 Nov. 29 "" iNov. 24/82 'Nov. 15/82 Nov. 27/82 Dec. 20/82 Nov. 23/82 Nov. 24/82 Nov. 26/82 Dec. 1, '82 Dec. 11/82 Nov. 16/82 Dec. 15/82 Dec. 30/82 June 10/82 Jan. 16, '83 Jan. 25, '83 Jan. 6/83 Jan. 5/83 Feb. 2, '83 Feb. 17/83 Camp, S. C. Genl. Hospital, S. C. Camp, S. C. Ashly Hill, S. C. Genl. Hospital, S. C. Ashly Hill, S. C. Regimental Hospital, S. C. Genl. Hospital, S. C. Camp, S. C. Genl. Hospital, S. C. Camp, S. C. Killed near camp, for at tempting to break open a house Jan. 20, '83|Genl. Hospital, S. C. Feb. 25, '83 5 |Feb. 28, '83 S'gt.M'jr Dovle jMar. 3 |May 1 Mar. 28/83 |May 8, '83 'S3 'S3 May 14, '83 May 25, '83 June 14/83 July 22, '83 Aug. 1, '83 Aug. 13/83 Aug. 16/83 Aug. 10/83 Aug. 11/83 Aug. 4, '83 July 17S3 Aug. 3, '83 June 29/83 July 26, '83 Oct. 14, 'S3 Camp, S. C. Shot for deser tion agreeably to ye sent ence of Genl. Court Martial Near Camp, S. C. Found dead near Trappers' Cutt Camp, S. C. Genl. Hospital, S. C. Camp, S. C. Genl. Hospital, Camp, S/C. At Sea i Philadelphia PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia At Sea Philadelphia S. C. THE FOREMOST NATION OF THE WORLD.* BY COLONEL A. LOUDON SNOWDEN. My Countrymen : This is a fitting place and under fitting auspices for us to assemble to celebrate one of the most fateful events in all history and the most memorable in the history of our republic. Along the march of time there are names of men and places and great events that stand out conspicuously, hav ing had potential force in shaping the history of the world. The patriotic struggle of a people for enlarged political freedom — self-sacrificing heroism in resisting the encroachments of tyranny or in maintaining national unity against threatened dismemberment — not only excite admiration, but become incen tives to future generations. No event in history and no actor on its stage continues for any length of time to command the approval of mankind unless through them the general interests of humanity were promoted. This is the crucial test now applied to history. The day has long since passed when genious in arms or statecraft, unassociated with or unsanctified by high patriotic and humane purposes can receive the approval of the civilized world. We may be electrified by splendid generalship or astonished by a cunning statecraft that molds the opportunity of an hour to the selfish and unjust advantages of a nation, but our admiration and reverence are only bestowed where genius in arms is displayed in a just cause and when statesmanship molds events in the interest of justice and fair dealing. Thus we observe that when genius and courage are displayed in a worthy cause they not only excite our admiration, but become an example and incentive to future times. The names of Marathon and Miltiades, of Salamis and Themistocles, of Thermoplse and Leonidas will forever be associated and venerated, not because of these historic places and under these great and heroic leaders the Persian hosts were halted, beaten or overthrown, but because the heroism and * The address delivered by Col. Snowden, ex-United States Minister to Greece and to Spain, the well-known scholar and statesman, to the citizens of Philadelphia, before Independence Hall, at the celebration of the one hundred and nineteenth anniversary of our national birthday, [held under the auspices of the Pennsylvania Society, Sons of the Revolution. 66 The American Historical Register. genius displayed freed Greece from invasion, and saved that classic land from chains and slavery. These events — occurring nearly 500 years before Christ — have been the inspiration of suc ceeding centuries and are as fresh and potential to-day as when the wise men from the East gathered about the manger at Bethlehem. The influence of truly great men and potential events never cease to exert their influence upon succeeding generations. Instead of narrowing the circle widens as time goes on. Of all the great events in history, the one we this day cele brate will ever stand forth as among the most sublime and far reaching in its consequences, and of the great names in history none are or will be more cherished and venerated in the coming generations than the names of those illustrious patriots who assembled in yonder hall adopted and promulgated the Declara tion of Independence, and to the maintenance of which they pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honors. It is true that in this great political revolution they lifted no new standard of political rights, but only made one step in advance of the political truths they had learned from their fathers. Hampton and Sidney were but the forerunners of Jeffer son, Adams and Franklin. The truths they announced were self-evident and appealed to the judgment of mankind. Those who participated in this great historic event were men of character and substance, who when they threw down the gage of battle to the most powerful nation in Europe, were profoundly convinced of the justice of their cause and were prepared to pay if need be, the penalty of rebellion if they failed to secure national independence. The history of the world fails to present a similar manifesta tion of high patriotic purpose, in which were displayed such dignity of character, ability and moderation in action, and un yielding courage in the long years of war. Never were the aspirations and longings of a people for freedom so calmly discussed, so deliberately and so wisely carried to fruition. Political upheavals in other countries ostensibly in the cause of freedom, have oft-times been characterized by in temperate utterance, hot and inconsiderate action, mad fury and mob violence followed by deplorable failure. To the Revolu- The Foremost Nation of the World. 67 tionary fathers we owe a debt of gratitude that never can be canceled or paid off. On every recurring Independence Day, whilst celebrating the great event, we should recall the names and the glorious achievements of these patriotic men, to whom the lovers of free dom the world over are so much indebted. But, more important than this, is a recognition of a duty we owe to the republic. On each recurring anniversary we should ded'cate ourselves anew to the sacred duties of citizenship, to consecrate our best efforts to the welfare of our country. The inheritance we enjoy surpasses in richness, power and promise the wildest dream of the most sanguine of the fathers. We need not draw upon our imagination or our vanity to illustrate our marvelous growth and wonderful achievements. We stand to-day in the extent of contiguous territory, in homo geneity of population, in the intelligence and virtue of the people, in accumulated wealth in natural resources, in educa tional appliances, and in the comforts of life enjoyed by all con ditions of our people, the foremost nation of the world. It would be disingenuous to attribute all our wonderful progress and present enviable position either to the character of our insti tutions or to the enterprise of our people, or to both united. We owe much to our diversity of climate and richness of soil, that enable us to grow every crop of every other country ; to our marvelous mineral deposits, that astonish the world in their variety and abundance ; to our separation, in the early period of our history, by an ocean from the complications and entangle ments of European politics. It would seem as if Divine Provi dence had showered upon us his richest blessings. Leaving out of consideration the natural advantages that have contributed so much to our prosperity, it must be conceded that the political and social equality enjoyed by our people has had much to do in forming our national characteristics and in stimulating energy and enterprise. Behind all these, and in my judgment the most potential force in our national life, is the char acter of the people who first settled the colonies, who declared for political freedom, who fought the Revolution to a successful issue, and who have been thus far prepotent in making homogeneous the mighty streams of emigration that have for many years 68 The American Historical Register. poured into our country. These first settlers, like many of their successors, came of the best brain and brawn, were the most venturesome, hardy and brave, with the purest blood of the old world. Restless in the old, they sought new homes beyond the sea. They were undaunted by the hardships and dangers attendant upon an ocean voyage at that time, or by those they must encounter in the unknown lands to which they journeyed. They were fresh in brain, strong in body and unflinching in heart and spirit — fit pioneers in a new land — worthy progenitors of a ' mighty people. It was the transmission of these qualities with the mingling of the blood of several of the best nations that produced a distinct type of manhood — that enabled our fathers to secure independence, conquer the savage, establish a govern ment upon the broadest principles of justice, order and security; to subdue a continent to the arts of peace, to overcome a gigantic rebellion against the national authority and unity, and to main tain peace at home and an honorable place among the nations. As long as this intelligent, patriotic and conservative force remains dominant in our politics, as long as its prepotent power can mold other elements into homogeneity, so long is our safety assured. One great danger that threatens our institutions arises from unrestricted and ignorant immigration, possessing an unre stricted use of the elective franchise. Our doors have always been open to the oppressed of other lands, and I hope the day is far distant when the honest and industrious immigrant will be denied admission. This class should always be welcomed to our shores. It is the ignorant, the idle and the vicious who respect the laws of neither man nor God who should be excluded. Our government is " of the people and for the people " and must depend for its perpetuity upon the patriotism, intelligence and virtue of the people. Upon these — not upon our army and navy— rests the hope of the republic. To inculcate and main tain these essential elements in our civilization the teachings of our homes must be supplemented by the teachings of our schools. The future stability of our nation depends upon the education of our youth— this is "our surest defense, our mightiest bulwark." Can we not congratulate ourselves and look to the future with confidence when we contemplate the steadily increasing The Foremost Nation of the World. 69 interest taken by our people and legislators in the direction of advancing our educational system, in widening its scope and increasing its practical efficiency ? Purely intellectual education is found defective in meeting the requirements of our times. This system which has generally obtained in the past, is found to crowd certain avocations to suffocation, whilst others, as honor able and useful, are neglected or left to the half educated and incompetent. Education, as applicable to the great body of the people, is only half complete that neglects physical culture, handicraft and the use of tools. The example set by Germany and some other countries of requiring the Royal Princes to learn a useful trade as part of their life equipment, is an object lesson worthy of the highest commendation. We are eminently a practical people and in the long run our agencies will conform to our requirements. And so we observe that our system of popular education is gradually taking the direction I have indi cated, and I predict that in a few years the impulse it will receive from the manifest practical benefits resulting from its application will ensure its universal incorporation as an essential part of our educational system. In no other country in the world is there so much money appropriated by government and donated by private citizens to the cause of education as in the United States. And, as a result, there were gathered during the past year into our schools, col leges and universities 15,530,268 of the youth of our land. This is equal to nearly one-fourth of our entire population. In view of this significant fact, may we not relegate the pessimist and croaker to the rear and confidently look forward to the continued and increasing prosperity and happiness of our people, and the ever-growing strength and power of the nations ? This is an auspicious day, and these surroundings are awe- inspiring. As the followers of Mohammed make long, weary pilgrimages to behold Mecca — as the eye of the Christian turns longingly and lovingly to the sepulchre at Jerusalem — so the lovers of freedom the world over turn their eyes to this historic place to gather inspiration, wisdom and courage. The ground upon which we stand is consecrated forever to freedom. Here liberty was proclaimed, and linked with law and order. In yon der hall Washington dedicated himself with unselfish patriotism -70 The American Historical Register. to the service of his country. There the Continental Congress assembled and the Constitutional Convention convened that evolved the wisest system of government ever devised by the genius and patriotism of man. What must be the emotions of a lover of freedom, coming from other and less-favored lands, as his eyes for the first time rest upon yonder sacred edifice, in which were cradled the hopes and liberties of mankind ? I can only imagine how overwhelm ing they must be by remembering those I experienced as I stood at the pass of Thermopylae and on the plain of Marathon " that looks to the sea," and in imagination rolled back the centuries . until I seemed to behold the mighty contention, and hear the clash of resounding arms that saved Greece, her art and culture, and immortalized her heroes. I profoundly sympathized with the great orator, statesman, patriot and former president of Spain, Emilio Castelar, the walls of whose beautiful home in Madrid are adorned with portraits of Washington and others of our Revolutionary patriots, when he said to me : " The one great regret of my life is that I cannot visit Independence Hall to look at the old bell that rang out liberty throughout the world ; to stand in that memorable hall where were assembled the ablest and purest men that ever laid the foundation of a nation ; to stand near where the patriot Washington stood as the commander of the armies of the Revo lution, and where he presided over the convention that framed your Constitution. Like a Mohammedan who enters the mosque for prayer, I should, if I visited Independence Hall, leave my shoes at the door, as the place is sacred." Our nation, though comparatively young, has done much to advance the welfare of humanity. We have no very old battle fields or ancient ruins covered with ivy and rich with old memo ries ; but we have, however, Independence Hall, Carpenters' and Faneuil Hall. We have Lexington, Bunker Hill and York- town — we have Gettysburg and Appomattox, each bearing a message to future times of courage, patriotism, hope and the triumph of justice and right. Our history is crowned with illus trious names, and among them all he is esteemed greatest whose purpose was the purest and whose labors in the cabinet or in the field conferred the largest blessings upon the country and upon humanity. THE PATRIOTIC-HEREDITARY SOCIETIES OF THE UNITED STATES— THEIR OBJECTS AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR MEMBERSHIP. MILITARY ORDERS. THE SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. {Extracts from the Institution.} object. " It having pleased the Supreme Governor of the Universe, in the Disposition of Human Affairs, to cause the Separation of the Colonies of North America from the Domination of Great Britain, and after a bloody Conflict of Eight Years to establish them free and inde pendent sovereign States, connected by Alliances founded on reciprocal Advantage with some of the Great Princes and Powers of the Earth. " To perpetuate, therefore, as well the Remembrance of this Vast Event as the mutual Friendships which have been formed under the Pressure of common danger, and in many Instances cemented by the Blood of the Parties, the Officers of the American Army do hereby in the most Solemn Manner associate, constitute, and combine themselves into one Society of Friends, to endure as long as they shall endure or any of their Eldest Male Posterity, and in failure thereof the collateral Branches, who may be judged worthy of becoming its Supporters and Members. "The Officers of the American Army, having generally been taken from the Citizens of America, possess high Veneration for the Character of that illustrious Roman, Lucius Ouintius Cincinnatus, and being resolved to follow his Example by returning to their Citizenship, they think they may with Propriety denominate themselves The Society of the Cincinnati. " The following Principles shall be immutable, and form the Basis oi The Society of the Cincinnati : "An Incessant Attention to preserve inviolate those exalted Rights and Liberties of Human Nature for vvhich they have fought and bled, and with out which the high Rank of a Rational Being is a Curse Instead of a Blessing. " An unalterable Determination to promote and cherish between the respective States that Union and national Honour so essential to their happiness, and the future Dignity of the American Empire. "To render permanent the cordial Affection subsisting among the officers ; this Spirit will dictate Brotherly Kindness in all things, and par ticularly extend to the most substantial Acts of Beneficence, according to the Ability of the Society, towards those Officers and their Families who unfortunately may be under the Necessity of receiving it." 72 The American Historical Register. MEMBERSHIP. Massachusetts Society. [Extracts from its By-Laws and Regulations as Amended July 4, i8goi\ "Every person who maybe desirous of becoming a member of the Society, and who shall come within the terms of the original general insti tution, shall make his application to the Standing Committee in writing ; who shall advise thereon, and report their opinion to the Society ; but no one shall be permitted to be a candidate under the age of twenty-one years. " Each person who shall be admitted a member in right of succession to a deceased member, or who shall become a member by virtue of any rule now existing or which may hereafter be established, shall make and subscribe the following declaration, in the presence of the Society : " I, , having been admitted a member of the Society of the Cincinnati within the State of Massachusetts, as the true successor of , late a member of this Society, and my deceased (father or brother, as the case may be) do solemnly promise and engage that I will duly conform to all the regulations established from time to time for the government of said Society, as far as they shall have for their basis the principles of the original institution. " In testimony whereof, I hereto subscribe my name, and pledge my sacred honor. "Any person making application to become a member of the Society, in conformity with the Rule recommended at the Triennial Meeting of the General Society of the Cincinnati, held in Baltimore, in May, 1854, and adopted by this Society at their annual meeting in July following, may be admitted, upon subscribing the usual declaration and upon condition of the payment of the sum of seven hundred ($700.00) dollars to the Treasurer of the Society, as a contribution to the permanent fund, and shall thereby be entitled to all the rights and privileges of an original member. "The succession and admission to membership of this Society shall descend to the heir male, unless, for satisfactory reasons, another be chosen ; in which case the membership shall extend to the life only of the person so elected, and, at his decease, the then existing heir male of the original mem ber shall be the person first to be considered in a new election. "A failure on the part of any eligible person to apply for admission within a reasonable time after being informed of the existense of his claim, may be interpreted as a waiver thereof. "Since a waiver can, in any case, be regarded only as the renunciation of a claim, not as the transfer of a right, none can be recognized which would impair the subsequent eligibility of a minor. "Priority of claim through descendants through a female line shall be construed according to the same rules which govern priority in the male line, namely, those of primo-gcnititn- according to the common law, so far as applicable. "All the Officers of the American Army, as well those who have resigned with Honor after Three Years' Service in the Capacity of Officers, or who have been deranged by the Resolutions of Congress upon the several Reforms of the Army, or those who shall have continued to the End The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. Ji of the War, have the Right to become Parties to this Institution ; provided that they subscribe one month's Pay, and sign their Names to the general Rules in their respective State Societies ; those who are present with the army immediately ; and others within Six months after the Army shall be disbanded, extraordinary Cases excepted ; The Rank, time of Service, Resolution of Congress by which any may have been deranged, and place of Residence must be added to each Name ; and as a Testimony of affection to the Memory and the Offspring of such Officers as have died in the Service, their eldest Male branches shall have the same Right of becoming members as the Children of the actual members of the Society." Rhode Island Society. [Extracts from its By-Laws as Adopted July 4, lygi, and Subsequently Amended."] "All applications for admission to membership in the Society shall be addressed by the applicant in writing to and examined by the ' Standing Committee,' the applicant stating clearly and fully his claim. The com mittee shall examine the same, and, after demanding such proof as it thinks proper, shall advise thereon and report its opinion in writing to the Society ; none, however, but males of the age of twenty-one and upwards shall be admitted to membership. " No person shall be admitted a member of the Society (whatever may be his relationship to an original or other member of the Cincinnati) unless he be of good moral character and reputation, and be, in the language of the ' General Institution,' by the Society 'judged worthy of becoming its supporter and member.' "Original members of the Cincinnati under the 'General Institution,' capable of transmitting hereditary membership, are defined to be those duly qualified officers of the American and French Armies, under His Excellency, General George Washington as Commander-in-Chief, and of the American and French Navies who subscribed the ' General Institution ' under the provisions therein contained, either while with these armies or navies in the year 1783, or within six months after the final disbandment of the American Army on the twentieth day of June, in the year seventeen hundred and eighty-four, extraordinary cases excepted, and including as eligible for service during the American War of Independence, between the nineteenth day of April, in the year seventeen hundred and seventy-five, and the third day of December, in the year seventeen hundred and eighty three. First — The Commissioned Officers of the regular American Army who resigned with honor after three years' service in the capacity of Commissioned Officers. Where, however, all or a portion of such three years service was performed as a Commissioned Officer in the Rhode Island "Brigade of State Troops," speci ally and exceptionally raised for considerable periods of service and taken on the Continental Establishment, such portion of service is construed as intended to be embraced in the designated period.'--" a This rule was adopted in the Rhode Island Society as early as July 4, 1786, in conformity with the opinion expressed by the General Society on May 13, 1784. 74 The American Historical Register. Second— The Commissioned Officers of the regular Continental Army who were deranged by the resolutions of Congress upon the several reforms of the army. Third— The Commissioned Officers of the regular Continental Army who continued in service to the end of the war.® Fourth — The eldest male posterity, or in the failure thereof, the collateral descendants respectively, of such Commissioned Officers of the American Army or Navy as died in the service. "The admission of 'hereditary' members shall be confined to the eldest male posterity of original members of this Society, and in failure thereof the collateral branches who may be judged worthy of becoming its supporters and members; and in like manner to the male descendants (including collateral branches) of such Commissioned Officers of the regular Continental Army or Navy as may have been entitled, under the definition in the preceding Rule, to admission, but who failed to avail themselves thereof within the time prescribed by the ' General Institution ; ' and in like manner to the male collateral descendant of any regular Continental Officer who died in the service without leaving direct issue : Provided, however, that when there shall be no descendants in the direct male line, and there shall be male descendants of the officer through a female line, the Society shall determine which of such male descendants deriving inheritance through intervening female descendants, shall be admitted to hereditary membership as the representative of his propositus : And, Provided, further, that when admission is claimed in the first instance in right of the services of a Continental Officer who never became a member, such officer must have been credited to the Continental contingent of this State or of one whose Society is extinct, or the applicant himself must be domiciled in Rhode Island. " Persons entitled to hereditary membership in State Societies of the Cincinnati which may have been dissolved, may be admitted into this Society at any ' annual ' meeting upon such terms as to contribution to the Society's 'permanent fund,' and otherwise as it may from time to time, by resolution, think proper to prescribe. Such admission, however, shall only be by ballot, and one negative vote shall exclude. " In like manner, any one domiciled in Rhode Island who may be he reditarily entitled to membership in another State Society, may be admitted into this Society on said terms, with consent of said State Society, provided his place in such Society has not been filled or he excluded for cause. " In case of the declination or waiver of a person, upon whom devolves the succession, to accept hereditary membership or his omission, on reason able notice, to avail himself of it, or in case of resolution of the Society to exclude him for unworthiness, it may determine which, if any, of the other descendants of the original member in the elder male line according to pri ority of claim shall succeed to the representation : Provided, however, if the s Officially declared to be on April 19, 1783, per General Orders, dated Army Headquarters, Xewburgh, April 18, 17S3. Final evacuation of Atlantic posts, on December 3, 1783, when Governor's Island, New York Harbor, was formally relinquished. The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 75 next heir male of the person regularly entitled to succession be a minor, the eligibility to membership being vested in him, the use thereof shall remain in abeyance until such disability cease, preference always being given to his claim. The Society may, however, exclude him for any of the foregoing reasons or under unusual circumstances. ' ' Only one person at a time shall be competent to succeed to hereditary membership on the decease of an actual member, or in right of a Com missioned Officer of the regular Continental Army or Navy who may have been entitled to original membership, and no person (other than actual hereditary members in existing State Societies of the Cincinnati) shall be admitted to membership, either hereditary or honorary, except at an ' an nual' meeting, and then only by ballot. One negative vote shall be sufficient to exclude any such candidate. "Any actual hereditary member in any other State Society of the Cin cinnati who shall remove into and become domiciled in the State of Rhode Island may, on his application for transfer, be received into this Society as an actual member by a majority vote, at either a special or ' annual ' meet ing, provided the transfer is acceptable to his own State Society, and pro vided he shall pay into the ' permanent fund ' of this Society the same sum as may be, at the time, required from applicants admitted to hereditary membership from extinct State Societies. " Members in other State Societies shall always be privileged to attend and shall be welcomed at the meetings of this Society and noted as present, and be entitled to participate in all its deliberations and assemblages, but not to vote or to enjoy relief from its permanent fund. "By resolution of this Society, the contribution to the permanent fund required from the proper descendant of a qualified Revolutionary officer who was not an original member, is fixed at five hundred dollars." New York Society. [Extracts from its By-Laws as Adopted July 4, i8go.] " Every person desirous of becoming a member of the Society, shall make application, in writing, to the Standing Committee, setting forth dis tinctly and clearly his claim to be admitted. The committee shall advise thereon, and may demand any proof which they may deem requisite in support of such claim, and any testimonial with respect to the character and standing of the applicant, and they shall report, in writing, the facts of the case together with their opinion to the Society. No person shall be admitted as a member unless he shall be twenty-one years of age, nor unless his claim and application for admission shall have been before the Standing Committee prior to the day of the meeting on which he may be voted for as a member. " No person shall be admitted a member of the Society (whatever may be his relation to an original or other member of the Society) unless he be of good moral character and reputation, and be (in the language of the original Institution) 'judged worthy of becoming its supporter and member.' 76 The American Historical Register. " Eligibility to membership in succession, devolving upon a minor, shall be deemed vested in such minor, but the use thereof shall remain in abey ance until the disability cease or be removed. " Lineal succession to membership shall be, according to the rules of inheritance at the common law 'the eldest male posterity (of the Original Member), and in failure thereof the collateral branches who may be judged worthy of becoming its supporters and members.' In cases of representa tion or succession through females, the eldest branch shall be preferred to the younger. The Officer of the Army or Navy of the Revolution, who was an Original Member, shall be deemed and taken as the 'propositus ' from whom succession shall be derived. " The eldest male descendant, of full age, of any Original Member of any of the State Societies which have been dissolved, and also the eldest male descendant if residing in the State of New York, of any Original Member of any State Society, may be admitted into this Society (if judged worthy) upon the payment into the Treasury of a sum equal to one month's pay of the Original Member from whom the applicant claims descent, in the Continental Service according to the rank of such Original Member, at the time he signed the roll of the Society of which he was a member, together with legal interest thereon computed from the Society's organization to the time of such admission, provided that such sum shall in no case be less than five hundred dollars, unless by special order of this Society. " No person shall be elected a member of this Society whose ancestor adhered to, or took protection from the Enemy during the war of the Revolution. " No person shall be elected a member of the Society, except at an Annual Meeting, and no person shall be elected an Honorary Member with out having been proposed at the immediately preceding Annual Meeting, and an entry of the fact being made upon the minutes, and recommended by the Standing Committee." New Jersey Society. [Extracts from By-Laics.] " Where there are descendants of an Original Member in the male line, the right of membership belongs to the heir of the eldest line ; but where the male line is extinct, the Society may determine which of the female line shall have the representation ; and where there are no lineal descendants of an Original Member, a descendant of a brother or sister of the original member may succeed to the representation. Upon the death of a member, if the person upon whom devolves the succession, bein- of full age, shall fail to apply for his membership within two years, he shall be notified by the Secretary at his last known place of residence (a copy of this rule accompanying such notification), and if within a year thereafter he declines or omits to make said application, the right of succession may at the option of the Society, be offered to his next heir male • and if he also declines or omits to avail himself of the offer within a year, the Society may The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. jj determine which, if any, of the other descendants of the Original Member shall succeed to the representation : Provided, however, If the next heir male of the person regularly entitled to succession be a minor, the eligibility to membership being vested in him, this rule shall remain in abeyance until such disability cease. " Hereafter all officers of the army or navy of the Revolution, whose records are unsullied, shall be entitled to representation in this State Society ; but such representation shall be upon the conditions that each applicant furnish satisfactory evidence of his good character and moral worth and shall pay into the treasury of the Society the sum of five hundred dollars. ' ' Any person claiming membership shall make written application to the Standing Committee at or before a regular annual meeting, stating clearly his claim. The Committee shall examine the same, and after demanding such proof as they think proper in its support, shall report to the Society their opinion in writing. The Society always reserving to itself the right to reject and pass over any application where it is deemed best for its interests to do so, whether for unworthiness on the part of the applicant or other cause. " No elections for members shall be held except at regular annual meetings. Honorary members, or those applying under the provisions of the second rule above, shall be proposed at an annual meeting previous to that at which they are to be balloted for. All elections shall be by ballot, and five negative votes shall be considered as a rejection of any candidate. "None but males of full age shall be admitted to membership, but eligibility to membership in succession devolving upon a minor, shall be deemed vested in such minor, and the use thereof shall remain in abeyance until the disability cease or be removed as provided for in the first rule." Pennsylvania Society. [Extracts from its By-Laws as Adopted July 4, i8gii] " No person shall be admitted as a member unless he shall be twenty- one years of age. " No person shall be admitted a member of the Society (whatever may be his relation to an original or other member of the Society), unless he be of good moral character and reputation, and be (in the language of the original Institution) by the Society 'judged worthy of becoming its supporter and member.' " No application for membership in any right, whether as a successor upon the death of a present member, or upon a new application, shall be brought before or considered by the Standing Committee, unless accom panied by the sworn statement of the person seeking membership of the truth of such application and of all the facts therein contained. " This Society will not receive into membership by transfer any member of any State Society unless his application is accompanied by an affidavit that he is a member of right within the stipulations of the Original Institu tion of the Order. 78 The American Historical Register. " He must submit to the Standing Committee the rules under which members are admitted unto the State Society of which he is a member, stating under which rule he has been admitted, and a certificate from the Secretary of said State Society that he is a member in good standing. " Only persons representing (as set forth in the Institution) Original Members of the Society, or Officers of the Continental Line who died in the Service, are eligible.* " Each Original Member can have but one representative. "Each Original Member should be represented; therefore where the right to represent several Original Members would otherwise merge in one person, the Society prefers to keep these rights separate, and to admit a distinct representative in each right, where it can be done in accordance with the Institution. "Where an Original Member failed to contribute to the Treasury of the Society as directed by the Institution, his representative, when admitted to membership, must make good the amount due by the Original Member, together with interest at the rate of six per centum per annum from the time the original contribution was due to the date of the representa tive's admission to the Society, or pay a sum of money to be named by the Society. " Members of other State Societies of the Cincinnati seeking to asso ciate themselves, by transfer, with the State Society of Pennsylvania, are required to bring themselves within the interpretation of the Institution as set forth in these principles. " When a resident of Pennsylvania desires to be admitted to the State Society of Pennsylvania to represent an Original Member of another State Society, he must first be admitted to such State Society and then transferred." Maryland Society. [Rules for the Admission of Members Adopted February 22, i8g2.] " Every application for membership must be in writing, and signed by the applicant, and must be presented by a member of this State Society, who shall sign his name thereto as the proposer of the applicant. " The application shall state applicant's profession or calling, his place of residence, his descent from the revolutionary officer whom he claims to represent, and the name and rank of that officer. " No person shall be eligible for membership who is under twenty-one years of age, or who cannot give to the Society satisfactory proof that * On January 27, 1886, a Committee of this Society reported that there was no derogation to the rights of the descendants of Original Members bv grantins; the privilege of admission to the proper lineal descendants or representatives of officers who might have been Original Members but who omitted to become so. The report was adopted and also a rule submitted by the Committee declaring that the proper lineal or collateral descendants of all Officers of the Army of the Pennsyl vania Line or Navy of the Revolution shall be entitled to admission " upon due application and furnishing satisfactory evidence of the right to membership of his ancestor, of pedigree, and of good character and moral worth and payment of five hundred dollars into the treasury of the Society.' This rule was rescinded July 4, 1891. The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. 79 he is a gentleman of honor " and good repute in all respects, worthy of becoming one of its supporters and members. "The persons eligible for membership in this Society are: All of the male posterity of a revolutionary officer who was, or was entitled to be, an Original Member of the Maryland State Society of the Cincinnati, or was a member in good standing of any State Society now extinct ; and in failure of such male posterity any of the collateral branches; provided that there shall never be elected more than one member of the Society at one time representing the same revolutionary officer ; provided further that the status of members elected previous to the passage of this amended rule, and of the propositus whom they represent, be in nowise affected thereby. " Subject always to the provisions of Article 3, the following prefer ences shall be observed in considering applications : "1. Direct descendants shall be preferred to collaterals. " 2. Among direct descendants the male line is to be preferred to the female line. " 3. Among collaterals the nearest in blood to Khz propositus. " 4. Among applicants equally entitled in other respects the older shall be preferred to the younger. "The Society reserves to itself the right to reject any application, whether from a direct descendant or collateral, whenever it may deem it for its interest to do so. " Every application shall be presented at a meeting and referred to the Committee on Admissions to be reported and voted upon at a subse quent meeting, and no applicant shall be elected at a meeting when his application is first presented. " A member elected as the representative, whether direct or collateral, of an Original Member, who qualified as such by contributing one month's pay to the Maryland State Society of the Cincinnati, shall pay an admission fee of thirty dollars, and a member elected as the representative of an officer who was not an Original Member, or did not so qualify, shall pay an admis sion fee of one hundred dollars. Every member shall purchase from the Secretary a Diploma or Certificate of Membership, and pay for the same the sum of seven dollars. " Any member who has not qualified by payment of admission fee and for diploma within one year after notice of his election, shall be deemed to have forfeited his election. " Any member of any existing State Society of the Cincinnati may be transferred to this Society by making an application in writing, accom panied by a certificate from the Secretary of his own State Society that he is a member thereof in good standing." South Carolina Society. [Extracts from its By-Laws as Adopted July 5, 1886.] "All lineal male descendants, through the males of such persons as now are, have been, or may hereafter become members of this Society, and the eldest lineal male descendant through the eldest male line of officers of 80 The American Historical Register. the Continental Army, shall be eligible as members of this Society. No person, however, shall be admitted to membership unless he be a resident of this State, except he reside in the State where there is no State Society, and claim through an officer of the South Carolina line, or through an officer of the line of a State in which no State Society exists. Provided that hereafter no person shall be admitted a member in right of an officer whose ancestor was never a member in the Cincinnati, except on the payment of fifty dollars if his claim be through an officer of the South Carolina line ; and of one hundred dollars if his claim be based upon his representation of an officer of any other line. And provided further that whenever there shall be no lineal descendants through the males, the eldest lineal descendant through the eldest daughter having descendants shall be entitled in preference over collateral branches, and whenever there shall be no lineal descendants, the eldest lineal descendant through the eldest collateral male branch, shall be entitled. " No person shall be elected a member of the Society except by ballot at a regular meeting, by a majority of at least three-fourths of the members present ; no person shall be balloted for who has not been proposed at a previous regular general meeting of the Society, and the most sacred regard to secrecy shall be observed by the members on the occasion, that if the candidate should prove unsuccessful, the knowledge of his misfortune shall never transpire." THE GENERAL SOCIETY OF THE WAR OF 1812. [Extracts from the Constitution.'] object. " ' Whereas, In the Providence of God.victory having crowned the forces of the United States of America, in upholding the principles of the nation against Great Britain in the conflict known as the War of 181 2; we, the survivors and descendants of those who participated in that contest, have joined together to perpetuate its memories and vic tories, to collect and secure for preservation, rolls, records, books and other documents relating to that period ; to encourage research and publication of historical data, including memorials of patriots of that era in our National history, to care for, and, when necessary, assist in burying actual veterans of that struggle, to cherish, maintain and extend the institutions of American freedom and foster true patriotism and love of country.' membership. " Any male person above the age of twenty-one (21) years, who parti cipated in, or who is a lineal descendant of one who served during the war The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. 8 1 of 1812, in the army, navy, revenue-marine or privateer service of the United States, offering proof thereof satisfactory to the State society to which he may make application for membership and who is of good moral character and reputation may become a member of this society when approved of by said State society under such regulations as it may make for passing upon applications for membership. " In case of the failure of lineal descendants of an actual participant in the war on behalf of the United States, one collateral representative who is deemed worthy, may be admitted to represent the said participant. " Every application for membership shall be made in writing upon such form as may be set forth by this society for that purpose, which application shall be made in duplicate and one copy thereof filed in the archives of the General Society." AZTEC CLUB OF 1847. chronicle. "On the 13th of October, 1847, as soon as the United States Army was quietly established in the City of Mexico, a meeting of officers was called with a view of forming a social club. On the 13th of January, 1848, a Con stitution was adopted and a new election of officers was held. " A meeting of the Aztec Club was held in May, 1848, when it was determined that no satisfactory plan could be then proposed for continuing the existence of the Club after returning to the United States ; but, ' desiring to preserve some lasting memorial of the pleasure and advantages derived from this institution that may serve for all time as an additional bond of friendship and brotherhood among its members,' it was "' Resolved, That the organization of the Club shall continue with its present officers for a period of five years from the 14th of September, 1847.' "In 1852 an election of new officers was made accordingly, but no regu lar meeting of the Club took place until September, 1867, when officers were elected, a place and day for the next annual meeting named. " At future regular meetings resolutions have been adopted as follows : " In 1 87 1 it was decided to admit to membership officers who may apply, having served in any part of Mexico during the war, after nomination and election by the Club. '"In 1882 it was decided that officers kille'd in battle or who died of wounds in Mexico before the formation of the Club might, upon application of a son or nearest blood relative, be admitted to the roll of membership, to be represented by the son or nearest blood relative, after his nomination and election by the Club. " In 1887 it was decided that officers now deceased who served in Mexico 82 The American Historical Register. during the war, never members of the Club, but eligible to membership if living, may be admiited to the roll of membership, each to be represented by his nearest blood relative, when duly elected by the Club, upon the written application of such blood relative, approved by two members to whom he is"known. " In October, 1888, it was deemed proper, in view of the expressed desire of the original Club, in May, 1848, that the Club should be known— " ist. As the ' Aztec Club of 1847.' " 2d. That it is to be continued in ' perpetuity.' " 3d. That the basis of ' membership ' is personal service in some part of Mexico, 'as an officer, during the war with that coimtry , ' and "That the lists of members should embrace the names of— " 1st. All members admitted in Mexico in 1848. " 2d. All admitted and who may be admitted under resolution of 1871. " 3d. All admitted and who may be admitted under resolution of 1883. •¦4th. All admitted and who may be admitted under resolution of 1887. object. "This Association, formed and founded in the City of Mexico, in the year 1847, by officers of the United States Army, shall be continued in perpetuity as ' The Aztec Club of 1847/ witn a view to cherish the memories and keep alive the traditions that cluster about the names of those officers who took part in the Mexican War of 1846, '47, and '48. membership. " Officers of the U. S. Navy and Marine Corps who served in Mexico dur ing the war are equally eligible with army officers. " The basis of Primary Membership being personal service as an officer of the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps in some parts of Mexico during the war with that country in 1846, '47, and '48, the Roll of Members to be ' con tinued in perpetuity ' under this Constitution shall consist : "First. Of those officers who inaugurated the Aztec Club in the City of Mexico on the 13th of October, 1847, numbering 160 members; and " Second. Of those officers who by resolution of 1871 became eligible to membership since that date, having served in some part of Mexico during the war with that country, and who have been or may hereafter be duly elected members. The names of members admitted upon personal application will be enrolled as Primary Members on a list (Number One) to be arranged permanently, in numerical series, in the order of date of admittance — not to be altered except by future additions or by dismissals for cause. " Third. To extend to the memory of comrades killed in battle in Mexico or who died of wounds received in Mexico prior to the formation of our Club, all the honorable distinction pertaining to membership in the Club, it was resolved in 1883 tnat uPon application by the eldest son or nearest lineal descendant of the officer so killed such son or lineal descendant may be eligible to membership as representing his dead relative. When such representative has been duly elected and qualified, the name of the dead The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. 83 officer and the battle where he was killed should be entered on List Number One, in a separate group with his representative, in the order of election . "Fourth. As provided in 1887, the son or nearest blood relative of any deceased officer who never himself applied for membership (though eligible thereto because of personal service in Mexico during the war) may make written application for admission as the representative of his father or blood relative upon nomination by two members to whom he is known. If elected and qualified, the name of such dead officer shall also be enrolled on List Number One, in the same numerical series, in a separate group, and in the order of the date of admittance of the lineal descendant. "Fifth. To provide for the continuance of the Club in conformity with the resolution of September, 1874, each Primary Member admitted upon personal application may nominate as his successor his son or a blood relative, who during the life of the Primary shall be known as an Associate Member, and entitled to all the privileges of the Club except that of voting, and upon the death of the Primary shall be entitled as his representative to full membership. Should a Primary die without having named his suc cessor, his son {first) or nearest blood relative {next) may, on written application, be nominated as his representative by two members to whom he is known ; but no one proposed for an Associate Member or as the representative of a deceased member shall be voted for until the Examin ing Committee shall report him eligible and qualified to join the Club. If minors are proposed, their names will be retained for future action until they attain majority. " Election of members will take place only at the regular meetings of the Club. At least thirteen affirmative votes (in person or by letter) shall be required to admit the applicant, while two negative votes will reject him. " A Representative Member may present a blood relative of the Primary Member he represents as his own associate, and, if elected, he will be entitled to the privileges of an Associate Member, and upon the death of the representative may himself become a Representative Member, and in like manner nominate as his associate the nearest living blood relative of the dead Primary Member, if there be one qualified to become an accept able representative of said Primary. When no such lineal descendant of the Primary Member exists, the succession for such member of the Aztec Club will cease." THE REGULAR ARMY AND NAVY UNION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. [Extracts from the Constitution!] OBJECTS. " To obtain from Congress and the States legislation calculated to benefit the soldiers and sailors of the United States. "To perpetuate Memorial Day after the Grand Army of the Republic 84 The American Historical Register. and kindred organizations have passed over the divide to eternal reward. " To foster fraternity, patriotic and enduring reverence for the flag of the United States, and inculcate respect for those in whose hands the destinies of our people are ever placed. MEMBERSHIP. ¦• An applicant for membership must be an enlisted man or apprentice of the Regular Army, Navy or Marine Corps, having at the time of appli cation for membership served not less than one year of his current enlist ment ; or any honorably discharged or retired member of the Regular Army, Navy or Marine Corps of the United States of America, of good moral character, industrious habits and possessed of some known reputable means of support and livelihood, and officers who have served five years or more in either branch of the service. "All petitions must be signed by the applicant with the recommen dation of a member of the Garrison ihereon, accompanied by an honorable discharge from the service, and the proposition fee. Such petition may be presented at any meeting of the Garrison and be referred to a committee of three members (other than the one who proposed the applicant), who shall investigate and report as to the health, character and standing of the applicant, at once, if possible. " Each application for membership shall contain the following clause, to wit : I hereby certify, upon honor, that I have never been a member of any Garrison of this Union, nor have I been rejected by any Garrison of this Union in the six months previous to the date of this application." THE MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION OF THE UNITED STATES. PRINCIPLES. "This Order acknowledges as its funda mental principles — " ist. A firm belief and trust in Almighty God ; extolling him under whose beneficent guidance the sovereignty and integrity of the Union have been maintained, the honor of the Flag vindicated, and the blessing of civil liberty secured, established and enlarged. ' ' 2d. True allegiance to the United States of America, based upon paramount respect for and fidelity to the National Constitution and Laws, and manifested by discountenancing whatever may tend to weaken loyalty, to incite to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or to impair in any manner the efficacy and permanency of our free institutions. OBJECTS. " The objects of this Order shall be to cherish the memories and asso ciations of the war waged in defense of the unity and indivisibility of the The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 85 Republic ; to strengthen the ties of fraternal fellowship and sympathy formed by companionship in arms ; to advance the best interests of the soldiers and sailors of the United States, especially of those associated as members of this Order, and to extend all possible relief to their widows and children ; to foster the cultivation of military and naval science ; to enforce unquali fied allegiance to the General Government ; to protect the rights and liber ties of American citizenship, and to maintain National Honor, Union and Independence. MEMBERSHIP. " The Companions of this Order shall be elected in the manner herein after provided, from the three classes below defined, and shall be entitled Companions of said classes respectively. "First Class: 1st. Commissioned officers and honorably discharged commissioned officers of the United States Army, Navy and Marine Corps, Regular or Volunteer, including officers of assimilated or corresponding rank by appointment of the Secretary of War or Navy, who were actually engaged in the suppression of the Rebellion prior to the fifteenth day of April, 1865, and whose names appear in the Official Registers of the United States Army and Navy and of the Volunteer Forces of the United States Army, or who served under the President's call of the fifteenth day of April, 1861 ; or who, having served as non-commissioned officers, warrant officers or enlisted men during the War of the Rebellion, have since been commis sioned as officers in the United States Army, Navy or Marine Corps, or were commissioned as officers in the Volunteer Force prior to the twentieth day of August, 1866 ; and persons who, having served as non-commissioned officers, warrant officers or enlisted men as aforesaid, shall have become eligible to membership by inheritance from officers not members of the Order, but who were eligible as such, who shall have died prior to the thirty- first day of December, 1892. Those elected under the provisions of this clause shall be designated Original Companions of the First Class. "2d. The eldest direct male lineal descendants, according to the rules of primogeniture, of deceased Original Companions of the First Class, and of officers not members of the Order, but who were eligible as such, who shall have died prior to the thirty- first day of December, 1892 ; and if there are no such descendants, then the male heirs of such deceased Companions or officers in the collateral branches of their families, in the order of genea logical succession according to the rules of primogeniture, disregarding intervening female lives. "Provided, however : First. That the inheritance shall in every case of succession be traced anew from the original founder of the membership in the Order, or deceased officer as aforesaid, and not otherwise, and shall be limited in cases of collateral succession to the brothers, and descendants of brothers and sisters, of such Original Companion or deceased officer ; in cases of representation through females, the elder branches shall be pre ferred , to the younger. "Second. That any person eligible to membership by inheritance, or by renunciation of another, may, in writing, waive and renounce his right 86 The American Historical Register. to such eligibility in favor of the person next entitled at the time of such renunciation, excepting that no person who is a direct lineal descendant of an Original Companion or deceased officer as aforesaid ; shall be allowed to waive his right in favor of a collateral relative of such Original Companion or deceased officer. "Third. That in case a Companion of the First Class, or person already eligible to membership, is next in the line of inheritance from a deceased Original Companion or officer, as aforesaid, the eligibility to mem bership derived from such deceased Companion or officer shall devolve upon the person next entitled other than such living Companion or person already eligible, or the direct lineal descendants of either; but any Original Companion having no direct lineal descendant may, by writing filed with the Recorder of the Commandery in which he may be enrolled, or by his last will and testament, or instrument in the nature thereof, nominate for life his successor from among his male heirs within the said limits in the collateral branches of his family. "Fourth. That in cases of inheritance by persons under the age of twenty-one years the right of succession to eligibility to membership, or of renunciation thereof, shall remain in abeyance until they shall attain that age. "Fifth. That the resignation, expulsion or forfeiture of membership of a Companion who has obtained such membership by inheritance shall only work as a waiver of his rights in favor of the next person in the line of inheritance from the Original Companion or deceased officer as aforesaid. "Sixth. That no right of inheritance shall be derived from anv Original Companion who has been expelled from the Order and not reinstated but, in case an Original Companion shall have resigned or been dropped from the roll for non-payment of dues, his successor may be allowed, by vote of a majority of the members of the Commandery present at any stated meeting to revive the said right. "Seventh. That such descendants or collateral heirs shall have first filed affidavits setting forth the facts upon which eligibility to membership is claimed. " Second Class : The eldest sons of living Original Companions of the Fir=t Class, who shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, upon the death of his father, a Companion of the Second Class, shall become a Companion of the First Class, and be so announced to the Order by circular. Companions of the Second Class shall have the right to vote in all cases, except in elections for membership in the First Class. " Third Class : Gentlemen who, in civil life, during the Rebellion, were specially distinguished for conspicuous and consistent loyalty to the' National Government, and were active and eminent in maintaining the supremacy of the same ; but the number of Companions of the Third Class in any Commandery shall not exceed the ratio of one to thirtv-three of those of the First Class. Provided, however ¦ That no Companion of the Third Class shall be elected after the fifteenth day of April, 1890. The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 87 ELECTION OF MEMBERS. " Every application for membership shall be made to the Commandery of the State in which the applicant resides, if a Commandery exists therein ; and if there be none, then to such Commandery as the applicant may select. " Every application for membership of the First or Second Class shall be made in writing and signed by the applicant, who shall be recommended in writing by three Companions of the First Class of the Commandery to which he shall apply, at least one of whom shall further vouch by letter for the candidate's worthiness. The application shall be accompanied by an admission fee of not less than twenty-five dollars, which shall be refunded in case of non-election. " The name, address and military record of every applicant for mem bership, together with the names of the Companions recommending him, shall be published in a circular and be referred to a committee of investi gation consisting of three Companions of the First Class, other than the recommending Companions, which committee shall report in writing at the next stated meeting. Upon the reading of the report, the Commander shall formally request any Companion who has any objection thereto, or reasons against the election of the applicant, to state the same if he so desires. If the application be for membership as an Original Companion of the First Cla^s, each Original Companion present, and no other, shall cast one ballot for or against the applicant ; but if the application be for membership by inheritance, every Companion of the First Class present shall cast one bal lot for or against the applicant ; and if the application be for membership in the Second Class, every Companion of that Class present shall also vote. If not more than four adverse ballots be cast against the applicant, he shall be declared elected. "An application for membership may be withdrawn before report thereon, or after favorable report and before ballot ; but, if the report be unfavorable, the candidate must be balloted for. " Each Companion shall be entitled to the insignia during membership. Original Companions of the First Class, and Companions elected thereto by right of inheritance from deceased officers, and Companions of the Third Class, shall be entitled to the diploma. The right to hold the insignia and diploma of a Companion of the First Class shall, after his death, remain in the relative next entitled to the membership — in the family, if there be no such relative, and in the Commandery through which they were issued, if there be no such relative or family. A Companion of the Second Class, upon becoming a Companion of the First Class, shall return to the Com mandery in which he was elected the insignia in his possession as such Companion of the Second Class. The right to hold the insignia and diploma of a Companion of the Third Class shall, after his death, remain in his family, and in the Commandery through which they were issued if there be no such family." The American Historical Register. THE MEDAL OF HONOR LEGION. Laws of the United States of America Under Which the Medal of Honor Legion has its Origin. ¦ • A resolution to provide for the presentation of ^medals of honor ' to the enlisted men of the Army and Volunteer Forces who have distin guished or may distinguish themselves in battle during the present rebellion. ' ' Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress Assembled, That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause two thousand ' medals of honor' to be prepared with suitable emblematic devices, and to direct that the same be pre sented, in the name of Congress, to such non-commissioned officers and privates as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action and other soldier-like qualities, during the present insurrection. And that the sum often thousand dollars be, and the same is hereby, appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not olherwise appropriated, for the purpose of carrying this resolution into effect. " Approved July 12, 1862. " Chap. LXXIX. — An Act making appropriations for sundry civil expenses of the Government for the year ending June 30, 1864, and for the year ending the 30th of June, 1863, and for other purposes. "Sec 6 And be it further enacted, That the President cause to be struck from the dies recently prepared at the United States mint for that purpose ' medals of honor' additional to those authorized by the Act (Resolution) of July 12, 1862, and present the same to such officers, non-commissioned officers and privates as have most distinguished or who may hereafter most distinguish themselves in action ; and the sum of twenty thousand dollars is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated to defray the expenses of the same. " Approved March 3, 1863. " Sec. 7. (Act approved December 21, 1861.) And be it further enacted, That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he is hereby, authorized to cmse two hundred Medals of Honor to be prepared, with suitable emblematic devices, which shall be bestowed upon such petty officers, seamen, landsmen and marines as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action and other seaman-like qualities during the present war, and that the sum of one thousand dollars be, and the same is herebv, appropriated out of any money in the Treasury for the purpose of carrying this section into effect. " SEC 10. (Act approved July 16, 1862.) Provided, That seamen distinguishing themselves in battle, or by extraordinary heroism in the line of their profession, may be promoted to forward warrant officers or acting master's mates, as they may be best qualified, upon their recommendation of their commanding officer, approved by the flag officer and the Department. Upon such promotion they shall receive a gratuity of one hundred dollars and a Medal of Honor to be prepared by the N.ivv Department. [Extracts from the Constitution.] " Believing that the greatest fact in modern history is the preservation of the Union and the Constit ttion, and grateful to Almighty God for having The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 89 by our efforts aided in its accomplishment, profoundly sensible that God alone is truly great, while man at his best and bravest is very little, and reverently thankful for the protecting and overruling power and care of Divine Providence, constantly manifested in every epoch of our history, we, officers and enlisted men, soldiers, petty officers, seamen, landsmen and marines of the Regular and Volunteer Army, Navy and Marine Corps of the United States, do associate ourselves under this Constitution and By-Laws. OBJECTS. "Ever mindful that the ' Medal of Honor ' is an insignia of heroic meaning, its possessors are thereby reminded that it is their habitual and most constant and- ceaseless duty to be at all times gallant, modest, self- sactificing and patriotic, and of spotless integrity in both private and public life. Having in the darkest hours of their country's history attested their fidelity, they now, in a golden era of patriotism and prosperity, bind themselves to love with equal sincerity and earnestness all portions of their country, and to teach by conduct and example obedience to a sacred and venerated Constitution and the laws of the land, and a common devo tion to the Union and to the one flag which alone represents its greatness, power and glory. "The principles and objects of the Legion, as thus defined, include the obligation and duty to cherish all patriotic memories, to cultivate in truth and charity fraternal fellowship and sympathies, and contribute our earnest efforts at all times, in cordial co operation with all other organizations, in securing and advancing the best interests of all comrades and worthy soldiers and sailors. MEMBERSHIP. " The membership of this Legion shall consht of Companions of two classes. " First Class : All officers and enlisted men of the Regular Army and Volunteer forces of the United States to whom Medals of Honor have been presented by the President in the name of Congress as having most distinguished themselves by their gallantry in action and other soldier-like qualities during the war for the preservation and maintenance of the Union and the Constitution, 1861-65; all petty officers, seamen, landsmen and marines of the United States Navy to whom the Secretary of the Navy has presented Medals of Honor pursuant to act or resolution of Congress as having most distinguished themselves by their gallantry in action or extraordinary heroism in the line of their profession and other seaman like qualities during said war ; all officers and enlisted men of the Regular or Volunteer forces of the United States, and officers, petty officers, seamen, landsmen and marines of the Navy of the United States who have received or may hereafter receive medals pursuant to any act or resolution of Con gress as having most distinguished themselves by gallantry in battle or heroism in the line of their profession during any other war in which the go 77*1? American Historical Register. United States has been or may be hereafter engaged, or any minor military or naval operations or engagements, including active warfare against the Indians. " The Executive Comm'ttee hereinafter provided for shall determine in each case whether the holder of any such medal has received it according to the true intent and meaning of the act or resolution of Congress under which it was awarded. "Second Class: The Second Class shall be composed of the sons, or on failure of sons, of the daughters of Companions of the First Class — that is to say, the eldest or other son nominated by such member, on failure of sons, the eldest or other daughter so nominated, shall be eligible to mem bership in the Second Class, and upon arriving at the age of twenty-one years he or she shall be entitled to participate in the proceedings of the Legion, and to vote on all questions as fully as if such Companion were of the First Class, and upon the decease of a Companion of the First Class his aforesaid successor shall become a Companion of the First Class, with all the rights of an original member of that class, if of full age, or upon arriving at full age. " The Legion shall be maintained always by hereditary succession, as thus defined and provided for, and on failure of sons and daughters of the Companions of the First Class, any person of kin to such Companion whom he may nominate during his lifetime, or who, on failure of such nomination may thereafter be elected, may be admitted as a Companion of the Second Class " THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. [Extracts from the Constitution.] OBJECTS. " The objects to be accomplished by this organization are as follows : "I. To preserve and strengthen those kind and fraternal feelings which bind together the soldiers, sailors and marines who united to sup press the late Rebellion, and to perpetuate the memory and history of the dead. "2. To assist such former comrades in arms as need help and protection, and to ex tend needful aid to the widows and orphans of those who have fallen. "3. To maintain true allegiance to the United States of America, based upon a paramount respect for, and fidelity to, its Constitution and Laws; to discountenance whatever tends to weaken loyalty, incites to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or in any manner impairs the efficiency and perma nency of our free institutions ; and to encourage the spread of universal liberty, equal rights and justice to all men. The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. 91 MEMBERSHIP. " Soldiers and Sailors of the United States Army, Navy or Marine Corps, who served between April 12th, 1861, and April 9th, 1865, in the war for the suppression of the Rebellion, and those having been honorably discharged therefrom after such service, and of such State regiments as were called into active service and subject to the ordeis of U. S. General Officers, between the dates mentioned, shall be eligible to membership in the Grand Army of the Republic. No person shall be eligible to membership who has at any time borne arms against the United States. " Every application for admission to membership shall be in writing, and shall give in detail, upon the blanks furnished by the National Head quarters, the applicant's age, birth-place, residence, occupation, date and rank when entering the service, and his rank at the time of his discharge (or, if still in the service, his present rank), the date and cause of his dis charge, the company and regiment or ship to which he belongs or belonged, the length of time he served; if wounded, when, in what engagement, in what manner and degree, and the fact of any previous application, and to what Post it was made." THE MILITARY ORDER OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES. [Extract from the Constitution.] OBJECT. " Whereas, In the providence of God, victory crowned the efforts of the forces engaged in estab lishing and maintaining the principles contended for by the American Colonies of Great Britain, and, later by the United States of America against foreign foes, in the conflicts known as : The War of the Revolution ; The War with Tripoli ; The War of 1812 ; and The Mexican War. " Therefore, The Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States, New York Command ery, has been instituted to honor and perpetuate the names of brave and loyal men ; to keep in mind the memory ot their glorious deeds and the victories which they helped to gain ; to strengthen the ties of fellowship among the Companions of the Order; to foster the cultivation of Military and Naval Science ; and to maintain National Honor, Union and Independence. " This Order acknowledges as its fundamental principles : " First— A firm belief and trust in Almighty God, extoling Him under whose benevolent guidance the principles contended for have been s'ecured and the blessing of civil liberty established. 92 The American Historical Register. " Second— True allegiance to the United States of America, based upon a paramount respect for and fidelity to the National Constitution and Laws. MEMBERSHIP. "Section I. Any male person, above the age of twenty-one years, a citizen of the United States, of good moral character and reputation, shall be eligible to Companionship in this Order, upon further qualifying as here inafter provided. Members shall be known as ' Companions,' and shall be either ' Veteran Companions ;' or ' Hereditary Companions.' Veteran Companions. " Section II. These shall be Commissioned Officers in the Army, Navy or Marine Corps of the United States or honorably discharged there from, who did active field, garrison or naval duty in any of the wars designated in Section IV of this Article, as a soldier, sailor or marine in the service of one of the States of the United States ; and also persons who did such active field, garrison or naval duty, in any of said wars, as Commis sioned Officers therein, and who received their commissions by direct act of either Federal or State authority and who were honorably discharged from service. Hereditary Companions. " Section III. These shall be the direct male lineal descendants, in the male line, of any Veteran Companion ; Provided, that in case any Veteran Companion has no direct ma'e lineal descendant, he shall have the privilege of nominating as his representative and successor, a brother or a nephew of the same family name, and also the direct male lineal descendants, in the male line, of a Commissioned Officer, as the Propositus, who performed active field, garrison or naval duty, as a commissioned officer, in any of said wars, and who received his commission by direct act of one of the thirteen original Colonies, or of Vermont, or of the Continental Congress, or of one of the States, or of the United States. "Provided, That such Propositus remained always loyal to his cause and was either killed or died in service, or was honorably discharged there from, and " Provided. That when the claim to eligibility is based upon the service of an ancestor in the ' Militia,' it must be satisfactorily shown that such ancestor was actually called into the service of one of said thirteen original Colonies, or of Vermont or of the Continental Congress, or of one of the States, or of the United States, and performed garrison or field duty, and " Provided, That when the claim to eligibility is based upon the service of an ancestor as a ' Naval or Marine Officer,' it must be satisfactory shown that such service was regularly performed in the Continental Navy, or in the Navy of one of the thirteen original Colonies, or of Vermont or of one of the States, or of the United States, or on an armed vessel, other than a merchant ship, which sailed under letters of marque and reprisal, and that such ancestor was duly enrolled in the ship's company as a Commissioned Officer. 77*1? Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. 93 "Section IV. Such service must be satisfactorily shown to have been performed in one of the following wars : The War of the Revolution, between the 19th day of April, 1775, and the 19th day of April, 1783 ; The War with Tripoli, between the ioth day of June, 1801, and the 4th day of June, 1805 ; The War of 1812, between the 1 8th day of June, 1812, and the 18th day of February, 1815 ; The Mexican War, between the 9th day of May, 1846, and the 4th day of July, 1848. " Section V. No applicant shall be admitted to Companionship in this Order who is not judged to be worthy of becoming a supporter and Com panion thereof." THE NAVAL ORDER OF THE UNITED STATES. OBJECT. "Whereas, Many of the principal battles and famous victories of the several wars in which the Uniled States has participated were fought and achieved by the Naval forces : " Whereas. It is well and fitting that the illus trious deeds of the great Naval Commanders, their companion officers in arms, and their subordinates in the wars of the United States should be forever honored and respected ; — " Therefore, Entertaining the most exalted admiration of the undying achievements of the Navy, we, the survivors and descendants of partici pants of those memorable conflicts, have joined ourselves together and have instituted the ' Naval Order of the United States,' that we may trans mit to our latest posterity their glorious names and memories, and to encourage research and publication of data pertaining to Naval Art and Science, and to establish libraries in which to preserve all documents, rolls, books, portraits and relics relating to the Navy and its heroes at all times. MEMBERSHIP. " The Companions of the Order shall be of three classes, viz : "First Class. — Commissioned Officers, Midshipmen and Naval Cadets, in actual service in the United States Navy, Marine Corps, Revenue or Privateer services during the wars, or in face of the enemy in any engage ment in which the Navy of the United States has participated, and who resigned and were discharged with honor, or who are still in the service, provided, however, that this clause shall not be so construed as to include officers who at any time have borne arms against the Government of the United States. "The eldest lineal male representatives, or in default thereof, then one such collateral representative as may be deemed worthy, of deceased Com missioned Officers, Midshipmen and Naval Cadets in actual service in the Navy, Marine Corps, Revenue or Privateer services under the authority of p4 The American Historical Register. any of the thirteen original Colonies or States, or of the Continental Con gress during the War of the Revolution, or of the United States during the War with France, the War with Tripoli, the War of 1812, the War with Mexico, the Civil War, or in face of the enemy in any engagement in which the Navy of the United States has participated, and who resigned or were discharged with honor, or who were killed in the service. " The admission and succession to membership in the First Class shall descend to the heir male, unless, for satisfactory reasons, another be chosen, in which case the membership shall extend to the life only of the Com panion so elected, and at his decease the right to representation shall revert to the then existing heir male. " Second Class. — Lineal male descendants of Commissioned Officers, Midshipmen and Naval Cadets who performed service in the Navy, Marine Corps, Revenue or Privateer services as aforesaid. " Third Class. — Enlisted men who have received the United States Naval Medal of honor for bravery in face of the enemy may be enrolled exempt from fees and dues by the Commanderies of the States in which they reside. ADMISSION OF COMPANIONS. "Any person above the age of twenty-one years, of good moral character and reputation, desirous of becoming a Companion of the Order, shall make application in writing, setting forth claims of eligibility and accompanied by proofs of the same, in which it must be satisfactorily shown that the service of the participant was other than shore duty, regularly performed in the United States Navy or on an armed vessel in the service of the United States or sailing under letters of marque and reprisal in time of war." THE SOCIETY UNITED STATES DAUGHTERS— 1812. OBJECT. "The object of this Society is to secure the genealogies, facts and traditions of the Founders of America, where they came from, the vessels they arrived in, their descendants, and records of service in the War of 1812; these facts supplemented with interesting legends of conspicuous characters, that have passed over the cable of time from father to son, form the basis of history and furnishes memoirs and biographical sketches of prominent men and women who have given history to the world through words and deeds. The heroism of the women of 1812, the Second War of Independence, has gone from memory with the generation that witnessed it; nothing remains but the faint echo of an expiring general tradition, but each State has its own mission as it has its own heroes sleeping in unmarked graves who have been practically forgotten, yet a halo lingers over events and results of their lives to be awakened and adorned by the United States Daughters. 77**? Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. 95 MEMBERSHIP. " Any woman above the age of eighteen years, of good character, and a descendant of one who as a military, naval or marine officer, soldier or sailor in actual service, under the authority of any of the States, assisted in the War of Independence commonly called The War of 1812, shall be eligible to membership in the Society. " Members shall be elected as follows: Candidates shall send their names and the services rendered by their ancestors with proof of qualifica tion for membership to the Board of Directors, and upon favorable report from said board and upon payment of the initiation fee, may thereupon become members of the Society. " Applications for membership must be made upon the blanks set forth by the General Society United States Daughters 1812. Each application must be made in duplicate." THE DAUGHTERS OF THE CINCINNATI. [Extracts from the Constitution.] OBJECTS. "The objects of this Society shall be: To renew and foster among its members the friendships formed and cemented amid the trying ordeals of the War of the Revolution, in the Camp, and on the Battlefield, by their ancestors, who, by wise leadership and stuidy bravery, achieved the Inde pendence of the American Colonies, and established the Government of the United States. " To advance and encourage investigation and study of the history of the Revolution, its causes and results, and to instil in the minds of the rising generation a knowledge of, and reverence for, the intelligent wisdom which planned, and the unconquerable spirit and patient, unswerving determina tion which successfully carried on the struggle for liberty against over whelming force and Old World prejudice. " To cherish the memory and record the deeds of the noble women who, with heroic self-abnegation, untiring and unflinching devotion, influenced, encouraged and assisted the Patriot Cause. " To commemorate by celebrations and tablets the achievements of our ancestors in the Revolution, and to gather and carefully preserve docu ments and relics relating to the Revolutionary period. MEMBERSHIP. " 1st. Descent from a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, admitted in his own right as an original member, in pursuance of the Institution of the Society, as adopted May 13, 1783, at Major-General Baron de Steuben's headquarters at Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, or from an officer of the Revolu tion who died in the service and whose offspring were eligible to original membership under^such" Institution. " 2d. Descent from one]|of the incorporators of this Society. rfo The American Historical Register. ¦• 3d. An invitation from the Society issued by unanimous vote of the Board of Managers, upon the application of three members of the Society, to whom the applicant must be favorably and well known. " 4th. The applicant must be over the age of eighteen years, and of good moral character." MILITARY AND CIVIL ORDERS. THE SOCIETY UNITED STATES DAUGHTERS OF 1776-1812. OBJECT. "The object of this association is to preserve records and traditions pertaining to both the wars for American Independence of 1776 and 1812. The War of 1812 we consider as really the final attempt of Great Britain in her efforts to conquer her revolted provinces, and, without our success in it, American Independence would have been seriously jeopardized, or, at best, postponed for years. MEMBERSHIP. "The requirements for membership in the Society United States Daughters of 1776-1812 are lineal descent from any white person who took part in either war for Independence. The applicant must be white and of good moral character." THE SOCIETY OF COLONIAL WARS. OBJECT. "Whereas, It is desirable that there should be adequate celebrations commemorative of the events of colonial history happening from the settlement of Jamestown, Va., May 13, 1607, to the battle of Lex ington, April 19, 1775 : " Therefore, The Society of Colonial Wars has been instituted to perpetuate the memory of those events, and of the men who, in military, naval, and civil positions of high trust and responsibility, by their acts or counsel, assisted in the establishment, defense, and preservation of the American colonies, and were in truth the founders of this nation. With this end in view it seeks to collect and preserve manuscripts, rolls, relics, and records ; to provide suit able commemorations or memorials relating to the American colonial period, and to inspire in its members the fraternal and patriotic spirit of their forefathers, and in the community, respect and reverence for those whose public services made our freedom and unity possible." The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 97 MEMBERSHIP. " Any male person above the age of twenty-one years, of good moral character and reputation, shall be eligible to membership in the Society of Colonial Wars, who is lineably descended in the male or female line from an ancestor : " (1.) Who served as a military or naval officer oras a soldier, sailor, or marine, or as a privateersman, under authority of the colonies which afterwards formed the United States, or in the forces of Great Britain which participated with those of the said colonies in any wars in which the said colonies were engaged, or in which they enrolled men, from the settlement of Jamestown, May 13, 1607, to the battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775 ; or " (2.) Who held office in any of the colonies between the dates above mentioned, either as " {a.) Director-general, vice-director-general, or member of the Council, or legislative body in the colony of New Netherlands ; " (b.) Governor, lieutenant or deputy governor, lord proprietor, member of the King's or Governor's Council, or legislative body in the colonies of New York, New Jersey, Virginia, Pennsylvania and Delaware ; " {c.) Lord proprietor, governor, deputy governor, or member of the Council, or of the legislative body in Maryland and the Carolinas ; " (d.) Governor, deputy governor, governor's assistant, or commissioner to the united colonies of New England, or member of the Council, body of assistants, or legislative body in any of the New England colonies. " One collateral representative of an ancestor such as above specified, shall be eligible to membership, provided there be no existing lineal de scendant, and provided that such person be the oldest collateral represent ative in the male line, of such ancestor, or has filed with the secretary-gen eral of the Society written renunciations from all other persons having nearer claims to representation. " No State Society shall adopt any rule of eligibility for membership which shall admit any person not eligible for membership in the General Society. "But any State Society may, except as to members transferred from another State Society, further restrict, at its discretion, the basis of eligi bility for membership in its own society." eligibility rules. New York Society. — The membership clause states that legislative ser vice unaccompanied by military record does not constitute eligibility, other wise the rules are the same as above. Pennsylvania Society. — Eligibility for election to membership requires that the ancestor of the applicant must have been a commissioned officer, or a governor, deputy governor, or member of the King's or Governor's Council, or commissioner to the united colonies of New England previous to 1775. No one can apply for membership. The applicant must have been invited to join by the Council of the State Society or by two members of the Society to whom he is personally well known. 98 The American Historical Register. Maryland Society.— Eligibility for membership by descent from private soldiers subsequent to 1700 is not recognized by this Society. Massachusetts Society.— No restrictions from the general rules for membership. Connecticut Society.— Same as the general rules for membership ex cept after section {d) of rule No. 2 it is required that "provided that descent from deputies to the General Assembly who performed no military service, shall not be available for entrance into this Society, but may be used for supplementary proof of honorable descent." Inheritance of mem bership from a deceased member shall be by primogeniture, but shall not be permitted unless the Council be satisfied that the heir is personally acceptable in regard to character and reputation. District of Columbia Society.— Same as the general rules except that actual service of the ancestor must be shown (proven). New Jersey Society.— Same as the general rules. Virginia Society. — Same as the general rules. New Hampshire Society.— Sams as the general rules. Vermont Society. — Same as the general rules. Illinois Society.— Same as the general rules except legislative service unaccompanied by military record is not recognized. Missouri Society. — Same as the general rules. Ohio Society.— Same as the rules of the General Society, with the exception that descendants of privates after 1700 and representatives to the courts or legislatures of the colonies are not admitted to membership. THE SOCIETY OF SONS OF THE REVOLUTION. OBJECTS. "The Society has been instituted to perpetuate the memory of the men who, in Military, Naval or Civil service, by their acts or counsel achieved American Independence ; to promote and assist in the proper celebration of the anniversaries of Washington's Birthday, the Battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill, the Fourth of July, the Capitu lations of Saratoga and Yorktown, the Formal Evacuation of New York by the British Army, on the 3d of December, 1783, as a relinquishment of territorial sovereignty, and other prominent events relating to or connected with the War of the Revolution ; to collect and secure for preservation the manuscript rolls, records and other documents and memorials relating to that War; to inspire among the members and descendants a patriotic spirit of their fore fathers ; to inculcate in the community in general sentiments of nationality, and respect for the principles for which the patriots of the Revolution con-1 tended ; to assist in the commemorative celebration of other great historical events of national importance, and to promote social intercourse and the feeling of fellowship among its members. The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies in the United States. 99 " The objects of the Society are social, educational and patriotic, and the Society is formed for the particular purpose of perpetuating the memory of the men, who in military, naval and civil service of the Colonies, and of the Continental Congress, by their acts or counsel, achieved the independ ence of the country, and to further the proper celebration of the anniver saries of the birthday of Washington, and prominent events connected with the war of the Revolution ; to collect and secure for preservation the manu scripts, records and other documents relating to that period ; to inspire the members of the Society with the patriotic spirit of their forefathers, and to promote the feeling of fellowship among its members. MEMBERSHIP. " Any male person above the age of twenty-one years shall be eligible to membership in this Society, who is descended from an ancestor as the propositus, who, either as a military, naval or marine officer, soldier, sailor or marine, or official in the service of any one of the thirteen original Colonies or States, or of the National Government representing or composed of those Colonies or States, assisted in establishing American Independence, during the War of the Revolution, between the 19th day of April, 1775, when hostilities commenced, and the 19th day of April, 1783, when they were ordered to cease. "Provided, That when the claim of eligibility is based on the service of an ancestor in the Minutemen or Militia it must be satisfactorily shown that such ancestor was actually called into the service of the State or United States, and performed, garrison, or field duty ; and — " Provided further, That when the claim of eligibility is based on the ser vice of an ancestor as a sailor or marine, it must in like manner be shown that such service was other than shore duty, and regularly performed in the Continental navy, or the navy of one of the original thirteen States, or on an armed vessel, other than a merchant ship, which sailed under letters of marque and reprisal, and that such ancestor of the applicant was duly enrolled in the ship's company, either as an officer, seaman, or otherwise than as a passenger ; and — " Provided further , That when the claim of eligibility is based on the service of an ancestor as an official, such service must have been per formed in the civil service of the United States, or of one of the thirteen original States, and must have been sufficiently important in character to have rendered the official specially liable to arrest and imprisonment, the same as a combatant, if captured by the enemy, as well as liable to con viction of treason against the Government of Great Britain. " Provided further, That where there shall be no surviving issue in direct lineal succession from an officer, soldier, sailor or marine who died or was killed in actual service as aforesaid, or from an officer who received, by formal resolve, the approbation of the Continental Congress for revolu tionary services, or from a signer of the Declaration of Independence, the claim of eligibility shall descend and be limited to one representative at a time in the nearest collateral line of descent from such propositus, who may IOO The American Historical Register. be otherwise qualified as herein required, and to be designated by the Society ; and no other descendants in collateral lines shall be admitted in right of any services whatever. " In the construction of this article the volunteer Aides-de-Camp of General Officers in Continental service who were duly announced as such, and who actually served in the field during a campaign, shall be compre hended as having performed qualifying service. " The Civil Officials and Military forces of the State of Vermont during the War of the Revolution shall also be comprehended in the same manner as if they had belonged to one of the thirteen original States. " No service of an ancestor shall be deemed as qualifying service for membership in the Society where such ancestor, after assisting in the cause of American Independence shall have subsequently either adhered to the enemy, or failed to maintain an honorable record throughout the War of the Revolution. " No person shall be admitted as a member of this Society unless he be eligible under one of the provisions of this article, and unless of good moral character, and adjudged worthy of becoming a member." THE SOCIETY OF SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. OBJECTS. "The objects of this Society shall be to perpetuate the memory of the men who, by their services or sacri fices during the war of the American Revolution, achieved the Independence of the American people ; to unite and promote fellowship among their descendants ; to inspire , them and the community at large with a more profound reverence for the principles of the government founded by our forefathers ; to encourage historical research in s relation to the American Revolution ; to acquire and "^^^^" preserve the records of the individual services of the patriots of the war, as well as documents, relics and landmarks; to mark the scenes of the Revolution by appropriate me morials ; to celebrate the anniversaries of the prominent events of the war; to foster true patriotism; to maintain and extend the institutions of American freedom ; and to carry out the purposes expressed in the Pre amble to the Constitution of our Country and the injunctions of Washington in his farewell address to the American people. MEMBERSHIP. "Any man shall be eligible to membership in this Society, who, being of the age of twenty-one years or over, and a citizen of good repute in the community, is the lineal descendant of an ancestor who was at all times unfailing in his loyalty to and rendered actual service in the cause of Ameri- The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. 101 can Independence, either as an officer, soldier, seaman, marine, militia man or minute-man, in the armed forces of the Continental Congress or of any one of the several Colonies or States ; or as a Signer of the Declaration of Independence ; or as a member of a Committee of Safety or Correspon dence ; or as a member of any Continental, Provincial or Colonial Congress or Legislature ; or as a civil officer, either of one of the Colonies or States or of the National Government ; or as a recognized patriot who performed actual service by overt acts of resistance to the authority of Great Britain. " Applications for membership shall be made to any State Society, in duplicate, upon blank forms prescribed by the General Board of Managers, and shall in each case set forth the name, occupation and residence of the applicant, his line of descent, and the name, residence and services of his ancestor or ancestors in the Revolution, from whom he derives eligibility. The applicant shall make oath that the statements of his application are true, to the best of his knowledge and belief. Upon the approval of an appli cation by the State Society, to which it is made, one copy shall be trans mitted to the Registrar-General of the National Society, who shall examine further the eligibility of the applicant. If satisfied that the member is not eligible, he shall return the application for correction. No election of a new member shall be valid, unless his eligibility shall be approved by the Registrar-General . ' ' THE DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. [Extracts from the Constitution.] OBJECTS. " The objects of this Society are : " (i) To perpetuate the memory and the spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independence, by the acquisition and protection of historical spots and the erection of monuments ; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results ; by the preservation of documents and relics, and of the records of the individual ser vices of Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries. " (2) To carry out the injunction of Washington in his farewell address to the American people, ' To promote, as an object of primary importance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowledge,' thus developing an enlightened public opinion, and affording to young and old such advantages as shall develop in them the largest capacity for performing the duties of American citizens. " (3) To cherish, maintain and extend the institutions of American free dom, to foster true patriotism and love of country, and to aid in securing for mankind all the blessings of liberty. 102 The American Historical Register. MEMBERSHIP. "Any woman may be eligible for membership who is of the age of eighteen years, and who is descended from a man or woman who, with unfailing loyalty, rendered material aid to the cause of Independence ; from a recognized patriot, a soldier or sailor or a civil officer, in one of the several Colonies or States, or of the United Colonies or States ; provided, that the applicant be acceptable to the Society. "Every applicant for membership must be endorsed by at least one member of the National Society, and her application shall then be sub mitted to the Registrars-General, who shall report on the question of eligi bility to the General Board of Management, when the question of admission shall be voted upon by the Board by ballot, and if a majority of said Board approves such application, the applicant, after payment of the initiation fee, shall be enrolled as a member of the National Society. " All persons whose applications are approved on or before October n, 1 89 1, shall be charter members of the National Society. " All persons duly qualified, who have been regularly admitted by the National Board of Management, shall be members of the National Society ; but, for purposes of convenience, they may be organized into local Chapters, as hereinafter provided." THE SOCIETY DAUGHTERS OF THE REVOLUTION. [Extracts fron the Constitution.] OBJECTS. t" The objects of the Society shall be to keep alive among its members and their descendants, and throughout the community, the patriotic spirit of the men and women who achieved American Independ ence ; to collect and secure for preservation the manu script rolls, records and other documents relating to the war of the American Revolution, and provide a place for their preservation and a fund for their pur chase ; to encourage historical research in relation to such Revolution and to publish its results; to pro mote and assist in the proper celebration of prominent events relating to or connected with the War of the Revolution ; to promote social intercourse and the feeling of fellowship among its members ; and provide a home for and furnish assistance to such as may be impoverished when it is in their power to do so. MEMBERSHIP. " Any woman above the age of eighteen years shall be eligible to mem bership in the ' Daughters of the Revolution,' who is a lineal descendant from an ancestor who, as a military or naval or marine officer, soldier, sailor or marine in actual service under the authority of any of the Thirteen Colonies or States, or of the Continental Congress and remaining always loyal to such authority, or a descendant of one who signed the Declaration The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 103 of Independance, or of one who as a member of the Continental Congress or of the Congress of any of the Colonies or States, or as an official appointed by or under the authority of any such representative bodies actually assisting in the establishment of American Independence by ser vice rendered during the War of the Revolution, becoming thereby liable to conviction of treason against the Government of Great Britain, but remaining always loyal to the authority of the Colonies or States, shall be eligible to membership in this Society. " Every application for membership shall be made in writing, sub scribed by the applicant and approved by two members over their signa tures. Applications shall contain or be accompanied by proof of eligibility, and such applications and proof shall be submitted to the Investigating Committee. "Ancestors' service must be stated in application, accompanied by reference and proof, and each applicant must be endorsed by two mem bers, or two persons of acknowledged standing. No person shall endorse an application for membership unless the candidate is known to be worthy, and will if admitted be a desirable member. "Application for membership in the Daughters of the Revolution must be made in duplicate upon the blanks issued by the General Society, sub scribed by the applicant, endorsed, and acknowledged before a notary. " Applications and proofs shall be submitted to the Investigating Com mittee, who shall have full power to determine the qualifications of the applicant. " In mentioning books of reference wherein the proof of eligibility to membership is to be found, designate not only the title of the book, but the number of the page and paragraph. " If application is made on documentary evidence, the original docu ment, or certified State copy must be filed with the papers. " Applicants will greatly facilitate the work of the Registrar by carefully filling out the papers of application in every detail. Signing (if married) both the married and maiden name, having them duly endorsed and certi fied, and naming where the evidence is to be found." THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE COLONIAL DAMES OF AMERICA. OBJECT. " Its object is to collect American manuscript, tra ditions, relics, and mementoes of by-gone days for preservation, to hold a loan exhibition as the Society may direct, to commemorate the success of the American Revolution and consequent birth of our glorious Republic ; to diffuse healthful and intelligent information in whatever concerns the past and tends to create popular interest in American history ; to inspire genuine love of country in every heart within its range of influence ; and to teach the young that it I04 The American Historical Register. is a sacred obligation to do justice and honor to heroic ancestors whose ability, valour, sufferings, and achievements are beyond all praise. MEMBERSHIP. " The Society is composed entirely of women who are descended in their own right from some ancestor of worthy life who came to reside in an American Colony prior to 1750, which ancestor or some one of his descend ants, being a lineal ascendant of the applicant, shall have rendered efficient service to his country during the Colonial period, either in the founding of a commonwealth, or of an institution which has survived and developed into importance, or who shall have held an important position in the Colonial government, and who by distinguished services shall have contributed to the founding of this great and powerful nation. Services rendered after 1783 not recognized. One line of ancestry is sufficient for entry to the Society. " It is requested that marriage dates be inserted on the margin of the eligibility paper, and whenever reference is made to family records or family Bibles as genealogical proof, the certified copies of such proof shall accom pany the application papers. "The National Society is divided into State Societies composed of the thirteen original States, and the District of Columbia. In non-Colonial States branches are formed by ladies who are qualified and properly accepted as members in the Colonial State from which they claim descent. The initiation fee and dues are paid by them into the Colonial State Society from which she has received her certificate of membership. " Each Colonial State Society has its own by-laws and eligibility list. The Pennsylvania State Society. Provincial Officers : Governor, Deputy Governor, Provincial Councillor, Secretary of the Province, Treasurer of the Province, Registrar- General, Surveyor-General, 1682-1775; Receiver-General and Secretary of the Land Office, Commissioners on Boundaries between Provinces, Collector of the Port of Philadelphia, 1682-1774; Keeper of the Great Seal, Master of the Rolls, Mayor of Philadelphia, 1691-1776 ; Commissioners and Commis sary under the Dutch and Swedes. "Founders: Founder of the University of Pennsylvania, 1749; Founder of the Philadelphia Library, 1731 ; Founder of the American Philosophical Society, 1743 ; Founder of the Pennsylvania Hospital, 1752. " Assemblies, Conventions and Committees : Member of the Provincial Assembly, Member of the Provincial Conferences, Member of Conventions prior to July 4, 1776 ; Member of Congresses, 1754 and 1765 ; Delegate to Committees of Correspondence and Safety, 1 772-1 776 ; Member of Continental Congresses, 1774, 1775, ^77^; Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Member of Common Council, 1701-1776. " Judiciary : Justice of the Supreme Court, Justice of the Peace and Courts who served three or more terms, Attorney-General, Judge Advocate, Judge of the Court of the Admiralty. ' ' Military and Naval : Member of the Board of War, Member of the The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 105 Navy Board, Commissioned Officer of the regular Provincial or Colonial Military or Naval Forces." The Maryland State Society. " Provincial Officers : Lords Proprietary, Governor, Deputy Gov ernor, Secretary of the Province, Treasurers of Eastern and Western Shores, Provincial Councillors, Keeper of the Great Seal, Surveyor-General, Rectors of Parishes, Commissioner of Land Office, High Sheriffs, Commanders of Counties, Commissioners appointed by ' Council of State ' of Common wealth of England, and Commissioners appointed by their authority for governing the Province, Commissioners on Boundaries between Provinces, Mayor of St. Mary's, Mayor of Annapolis, Collector of Customs. "Assemblies, Conventions and Committees : Members of Provinical Assembly, Members of Congress, 1754 and 1765 ; Members of Maryland Convention and Councils of Safety, Members of Committees of Correspon dence, Members of Continental Congress, 1774-1776 ; Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Signers of Maryland Declaration of Indepen dence, July 3, 1776. "Judiciary: Counsellor, Attorney-General, Judge of the Court of Admiralty, Justices or Judges of Provincial Courts, Justices or Commis sioners of the Peace, Register High Court of Chancery. " Military or Naval : Commissioned Officers of the Regular Provincial or Colonial Military or Naval Forces, Commissioned Officers of the Con tinental Army, Navy or State, or Provincial troops during the War of the Revolution, Founders of King William's School, Services rendered after July 6, 1776, not recognized except as supplementary." The New Jersey State Society. " Provincial Officers : Governors under the Swedes, Director-General under the Dutch, Vice-Director, Governors, Deputy-Governors, sometimes called Lieutenant-Governors, Kings or Governors' Council, Treasurers and Secretaries of the Province, Surveyor-General, Burgesses or Mayors of what were important settlements, Commissioners and Collectors of Customs, Receiver-General, Commissioner in Land Office, Commissioners on Bound aries between Provinces, Commissioners to the Indians appointed by the Colonial Government, High Sheriffs, Missionaries from ' The Society of the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts.' Postmaster-General or Comp troller of P. O. "Assemblies, Conventions and Committees: Speaker, Clerk and Representatives to the General Assembly, Members of Provincial Congress, Members of Continental Congress, Delegates to the Committees of Cor respondence and Safety, Signers of Declaration of Independence, Proprie tors of West and East Jersey who came to this country, viz : David Barclay, Arent Sonmans, William Penn, Thomas Rudyard, Samuel Groom, Thomas Hart, Clement Plumsted, Garven Laurie, Edward Byllynge, Robert Turner and Thomas Warne, Deputy-Secretary and Register for the Proprietors. " Judiciary : Judges of the High Court of Chancery, Attorney-General, Chief Justices of Supreme Court (formerly called Court of Assize and then io6 77*i? American Historical Register. Court of Common Right), Associate Judges of the Supreme Court, Clerks and Registers of the Courts, Justices of the Peace (as in N. J.— they are members of the Supreme Court), King's Attorneys, Judges of Court of Oyer and Terminer, Judges of Court of Common Pleas." The Delaware State Society. "Provincial Officers: Governor, Deputy-Governor, Provincial Councillors, Secretary of the Province, Treasurer of the Province, Register- General, Surveyor-General, 1682-1775 ; Receiver- General and Secretary of the Land Office, Commissioners on Boundaries between Provinces, Collec tor of the Port of New Castle, 1682-1774; Keeper of the Great Seal, Master of the Rolls, 1682-1777 ; Mayor until 1776, Commissioners and Commissaries under the Dutch and Swedes, Burgess. "Assemblies, Conventions and Committees: Members of Pro vincial Assemblies, Members of the Provincial Conferences, Conventions prior to March 5, 1777; Members of Congress, 1754 and 1765; Delegates to Committees of Correspondence and of Safety, 1772-1777 ; Members of Supreme Executive Council, March 5, 1777; Members of Continental Con gress, 1774-1783; Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Members of Common Council, 1701-1777. "Judiciary : Justices of the Supreme Court, Justices of the Peace and Courts who served three or more terms, Attorney-General, Judge Advocate, Judge of the Court of Admiralty, Judge of the Probate Court, High Sheriff, Sheriff or Marshal, Recorder or Register of Wills. " Military and Naval : Members of the Board of War, Members of the Navy Board, Commissioned Officers of the Continental Army, Navy or State, or Provincial Troops, Commissioned Officers of the Regular Provincial or Colonial Military or Naval Forces, Revolutionary service alone, without service strictly Colonial will not render descendants eligible to membership." The District of Columbia Society. " Provincial Officers : Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, Founders of Colonies, Directors-General, Lords Proprietary, Presidents, Commissioners, Vice-Directors, Members of the King's Council, Members of the General Court, Burgesses, Delegates and Representatives, Members of the Upper or Lower House of the Legislative bodies or Assemblies of any of the Colonies. "Judiciary: Judges, Recorders-General, or Secretaries of State, At torneys-General, Treasurers-General, Receivers of Royal Revenues, Escheators-General, Disbursers of funds of Colonies, Royal Naval Officers, Ambassadors to the Crown, High Sheriffs, Colonels of Counties, Lieutenants of Counties, Surveyors-General, Founders of Colonial Colleges now exist ing, Members of Congresses prior to 1783, Commissioned Officers of the Regular, Provincial or Colonial Military forces, or Continental Army, Navy or State troops ; Members of Committees for Defence and Correspondence." The Virginia State Society. "The Historic Founders (1606-1616) of the first English Colony at Jamestown. 77*c? Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. I oj " Incorporators named in the Royal Charter for Virginia of April 10, 1606 ; May 28, 1609 and March 12, 1612. " All Officials in Virginia prior to the arrival of Sir George Yeardly, on April 29, (N. S.) 1619, with the ' Great Charter or Commission of privileges, order and laws ' for the Colony. " The recognized Historic Founders of any of the original New England Colonies, or of the King's Province, or of any of the American Colonies or Provinces as constituted in 1775, including those who are especially named in Colonial or Provincial Charters from the Crown or Parliament of England at a later date than 1616. " The Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, or Deputy-Governor in Virginia. The President and Members of the Council of the State or Upper House. The Speaker and Members of the House of Burgesses or Lower House. The Secretary of State. The Treasurer-General. The Attorney-General. The Auditor. The Lieutenant of the County and Chief Commander of His Majesty's forces in said County. The Judges of the Superior Courts of Law and Equity. " The Commissioned Officers of Virginia forces who actually served a campaign in any of the Colonial Wars. " The Commissary of the Bishop of London in Virginia. " The Trustees of William and Mary's College, designated in the Royal Charter of 1693, who resided in America, and the Presidents and Rectors of that College. " Patrons of Colonization, of Arts, of Science, of Learning, of Mining, Manufactures and Agriculture, and others whose eminent and efficient services to the Colony were publicly acknowledged, either by special Reso lution of the Councils or by Act of the Assembly, or by a reward from the Government. " Members of the Revolutionary Conventions of 1774-1776. " Members of the Committee of Safety, 1775-1776. Members of the Continental Congresses of 1774, 1775 and 1776. " Signers of the Declaration of Independence. " Commissioned Officers of the Continental Army, Navy or State troops, or of the French contingent in the United States, who actually served honorably in the capacity of Officers, not less than three years during the War of the Revolution, or who were killed or died while in such service. " Colonists and Officials in other Colonies and States of equivalent rank. with those considered eligible in Virginia." The State of Rhode Island Society. " No service of an ancestor shall be deemed as qualifying service for admission in this Society where such ancestor adhered to or took protection from the enemy during the War of the Revolution, or failed to maintain an honorable record. " No person shall be eligible for admission as a member in this Society, unless she be lineally descended from an ancestor as the propositus whose qualifying services to enable the descendant to acquire such mem- 108 77* l77&'< Mem bers of the Committee of Safety, Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Members of the Continental Congresses, 1774, 1775, 1776 ; Delegates to the Committee of Correspondence and Safety. "Judiciary: — Chief Justices of the Province of Georgia, Justices of the Supreme Court, Attorney- General, Judges of the Court of Admiralty, Pre siding Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, Clerks of the Crown and Pleas, Masters in Chancery, Registers in Chancery. " Founders of Academies or Colleges in Georgia. "Military and Navy: — Commissioned Officers in the Province of Georgia, Naval Officers. All Revolutionary services rendered by Colonial ancestors, or by descendants of Colonial ancestors prior to 1783, maybe added under supplementary details. No applicant is eligible under Revolu tionary record alone." The New Hampshire State Society. " Recognized Historic Founders of the Colony of New Hampshire, Cor porators named in the Charter of Charles II., Governors under the English, Governors, Deputy-Governors, sometimes called Lieutenant-Governors ; King's or Governor's Council, Treasurers and Secretaries of the Province, Manager-General, Marshals of the General Court or High Sheriffs, Com missioners and Collectors of Customs, Receiver-General, Commissioners in Land Office, Commissioners on Boundaries between Provinces, Commis sioners to the Indians appointed by Colonial Government, Members of the Council of Safety, Magistrates, Members of the Committee of the Pay-Table, Preachers of Election Sermons and settled Clergymen, who rendered dis tinguished service in New Hampshire prior to 1750." The North Carolina State Society. "Provincial Offices :— Lords Proprietors, Landgraves and Pro prietary and Royal Governors, Deputies and Lieutenant-Governors, Mem bers of the King's Council, Members of the House of Burgess or Assembly, The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 1 1 3 Members of the Governor's Council, Treasurers and Secretary of the Pro vinces, Commissioners of the Provinces, Commissary of the Bishop of London, Receiver-General, Surveyor-General, Collector and Commissioner of Customs, High Sheriffs. "Assemblies, Conventions and Committees: — Speaker, Clerks and Representatives of General Assembles, Members of Provincial and Continental Congress, Members of Councils of Safety and Correspondence, Signers of Declaration of Independence, Signers of Mecklenburg Declara tion of Independence, Members of Provincial Congress from 1774 to 1776, Members of Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. "Judiciary : — Chief Justice, Attorney-General, Solicitor-General, Judges of Provincial and Colonial Courts, Justice of Peace. " Founders : — Founders of Towns, Colleges or Institutions, which have survived and developed into importance. "Military and Navy — Commissioned officers of the Regular Colonial or Provincial Military or Naval forces ; Revolutionary service alone will not render a candidate eligible to membership ; but such services can be added as supplementary if so desired." THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE COLONIAL DAMES OF AMERICA. [Organized May 23, i8go. Incorporated April 13, i8gi.] [Extracts from the Constitution.] objects. " Its object shall be to collect manuscripts, traditions, relics and mementoes of by-gone days for preservation ; to commemorate the success of the American Revolu tion and consequent birth of our glorious republic ; to diffuse healthful and intelligent information in whatever concerns the past and tends to create popular interest in American history and with a true spirit of patriotism seek to inspire genuine love of country in every heart within its range of influence ; to promote social intercourse and fellowship among its members now and in all the future ; and to teach the young that it is a sacred obligation to do justice ajid honor to heroic ancestors whose ability, valor, sufferings and achievements are beyond all praise. membership. " The members of the Society of the Colonial Dames of America at the date of the certificate of the incorporation of this Society shall be elected as members thereof at the first meeting of the corporators, and hereafter all candidates for admission who shall be acceptable to the Board of Managers must be proposed by one member and seconded by one or more members 1 14 The American Historical Register. of the Society, to whom they must be well known and by whom they shall be recommended. "No person becoming a member of the Society shall belong to or join any other society having similar or kindred objects and purposes, and the fact of such person joining such other society shall of itself be deemed and constitute a withdrawal of membership and the name of such person shall be stricken from the roll of members of the Society. " The Society of The Colonial Dames of America shall be composed entirely of women who are legitimately descended in their own persons from some ancestor of worthy life who came to reside in an American colony prior to 1776, and who was efficient in the service of the country either in the founding of a town or a commonwealth that has survived and developed into importance, who held an important position in the colonial government or who as a statesman or officer contributed to the achievement of American independence through which was created a great and powerful nation." THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OF THE CHILDREN OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. [Extracts from the Constitution.] OBJECT. " We, the children and youth of America, in order to know more about our country from its formation, and thus to grow up into good citizens, with a love for, and an understanding of the principles and institutions of our ancestors, do unite under the guidance and government of the Daughters of the American Revolution, in the Society to be called the National Society of the Children of the American Revolution; and we adopt this Constitution. " We take as objects of this Society to work for : First, the acquisition of knowledge of American history, so that we may understand and love our country better, and then any patriotic work that will help us to that end, keeping a constant endeavor to influence all o'.her children and youth to the same purpose. To help to save the places made sacred by the Ameri can men and women who forwarded American Independence ; to find out and to honor the lives of children and youth of the Colonies and of the American Revolution ; to promote the celebration of all patriotic anniver saries ; to place a copy of the Declaration of Independence and other patriotic documents in every place appropriate for them ; to hold our American Flag sacred above every other flag on earth. In short, to follow the injunctions of Washington, who in his youth served his country, till we can perform the duties of good citizens. And to love, uphold and extend the institutions of American liberty and patriotism, and the principles that made and saved our country. The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. 1 1 5 MEMBERSHIP. " All children and youth of America, of birth to the age of eighteen years for the girls and twenty- one years for the boys, may join this Society, pro vided they descend in direct line from patriotic ancestors who helped to plant or to perpetuate this country in the Colonies or in the Revolutionary War, or in any other way." CIVIL ORDERS. THE HOLLAND SOCIETY OF NEW YORK. OBJECT. " To collect and preserve information respecting the early history and settlement of the city and State of New York by the Dutch, and to discover, collect and preserve all still existing documents, monuments, etc., relating to genealogy and history. To perpetuate the memory and foster and promote the principles and virtues of the Dutch ancestors of its members and to promote social intercourse among the latter. To gather a library for the use of the Society composed of books relating to the Dutch in America. To prepare and publish a memorial history of the Dutch in America. MEMBERSHIP. " The applicant to be eligible as a member must be of full age, of respec table standing in society, of good moral character, and the descendant in the direct male line of a Dutchman who was a native or resident of New York or of the American colonies prior to the year 1675. 'Those of other former nationalities who found in Holland a refuge or a home, and whose descendants in the male line came to this country as Dutch settlers, speaking Dutch as their native tongue.' ' Also descendants in the male line of Dutch settlers who were born within the limits of Dutch settlements, and descend ants in the male line of persons who possessed the rights of Dutch citizen ship within Dutch settlements in America prior to the year 1675/ ' also any descendant in the direct male line of a Dutchman, one of whose descendants became a member of this Society prior to June 16, 1886/ " Candidates for admission must be proposed by one member and seconded by another, and the member proposing a candidate must state in writing full information concerning the social standing and qualifications for membership of the member proposed. The name of every candidate must be sent to the Secretary fifteen days before he is balloted for. Members are chosen by the Trustees. An affirmative vote of four-fifths of the Trustees present elects — in every instance two black balls exclude. The admission fee is five dollars, and the annual subscription fee five dollars." 1 1 6 77*.? American Historical Register. THE SOCIETY OF MAYFLOWER DESCENDANTS. OBJECT. " WHEREAS, our ancestors, passengers on ' The May flower,' landed in December, 1620, on Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts, and " Whereas, They came to settle in a new land and to found a new home and government, for the benefit of them selves and their posterity, and "WHEREAS, After struggles and hardships, which in the first year after their landing carried off one-half of their number and necessitated years of continued bravery and fortitude against innumerable trials of the severest kind, and " WHEREAS, Their acts and example have been instrumental in the establishment of Civil and Religious Liberty throughout this land, " THEREFORE, This society is formed by lineal descendants of that band of Pilgrims, to preserve their memory, their records, their history, and all facts relating to them, their ancestors and their posterity. MEMBERSHIP. "Every lineal descendant, over eighteen years of age, of any passenger of the voyage of the Mayflower, which terminated at Plymouth, Massachusetts, December, 1620, including all signers of "The Compact," shall be eligible to membership. He or she must be proposed, seconded and elected, and comply with the conditions in the Constitution and By-Laws of the Society. " Nominations for membership must be made in writing to the Secretary and be seconded by another member, both of whom shall vouch for the candidate. All nominations must be favorably reported by the Membership Committee before application blanks are issued. " The candidate shall then file papers showing direct descent from a Mayflower Pilgrim, and may file additional papers for each such ancestor, all of which shall be sworn to, and shall include references and authorities given in detail. " All members shall, within sixty days from the date of their election, pay to the Treasurer an entrance fee of five dollars and annual dues of three dollars, payable on the first day of January in each year. THE ST. NICHOLAS SOCIETY OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. [Extracts from the Constitution.] OBJECTS. " Its object is to 'preserve information respecting the history of New York, and to promote social intercourse among its native citizens.' MEMBERSHIP. " Any person of full age, in respectable standing in society, of good moral character, who was a native or resident of the city or State of New York prior to the year 1785 ; or, who is the descendant of any such native The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 1 1 7 or resident ; or who is a descendant of a member of this Society, shall be eligible as a member. But whenever, and as long as there shall be six hundred and fifty members of the Society, no one shall be elected to mem bership unless he be the descendant in the oldest male line of a member or former member." THE HUGUENOT SOCIETY OF NEW YORK.- MEMBERSHIP. "All descendants in the direct male and female lines of the Huguenot families that emigrated to America prior to the promulgation of the Edict of Toleration, November 28, 1787. "Representatives of other French families whose profession of the Pro testant faith is anterior to the promulgation of the Edict of Toleration, November 28, 1787. " Writers who have made History, Genealogy, Principles, etc., of the Huguenots a special subject of study and research, to whatever nationality they belong. "The members of the Society consist of three classes, viz: Resident, Corresponding and Honorary." ( To be continued!) THE INSIGNIA OF THE SOCIETY OF THE WAR OF 1812. \_See Frontispiece !\ The Insignia of the Society of the War of 1812 is the one used by all the State societies constituting the General Society, viz.: Pennsylvania, Maryland, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Ohio and Illinois. The insignia is symbolical of the period represented — the army being signified by the cross, with the respective branches of the service on its arms, and the navy by the anchor. The eighteen stars surrounding the medallion in the centre, bearing the figures 181 2, represent the then number of States of the Union. The colors of both insignia and ribbon are those of the uniforms worn by the regular and volunteer forces; the white and black representing the former, and the dark blue and scarlet the latter, as well as the navy. Facsimile of a portion of a Letter of General Mcintosh. I ^ S$ > vi ^ ^ ^ 4X> 1 1 MAJOR-GENERAL LACHLAN McINTOSH. LACHLAN McINTOSH, AMERICAN PATRIOT. Born, Badenoch, Scotland, March 17, 1725. Died, Savannah, Ga., February 20, 1806. He was a land surveyor; was appointed Brigadier-General in September, 1776; commanded the Central Army under Washington, 1778; commanded the Georgia troops in the Southern Army, 1779; was Member of Congress, 1784. CELEBRATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS. The Society of Colonial Wars: illinois. *#* The State Society has entered in earnest the " flag war," and is going to try to prevent the using of our national flag as an ¦advertising medium, and in fact its misuse in any re- Ispect. The State Chapter has published a bright pam- Iphlet of thirty-two pages on the subject giving through ¦type and pictures scores of illustrations of how " old Iglory" is being used by the irrelevant from a door- Imap to a pocket-handkerchief. The conduct of the •war is in the hands of the *' Flag Committee," Messrs. IPhilip Reade, Captain U. S. Army; Charles K. Miller land Henry L. Turner, Colonel I. N. G., of Chicago. ' These gentlemen state their first move in the war will be to secure the passage of a bill by the LIV. Congress to prevent the use of our national flag and its patterns for other than legitimate and patriotic purposes, as there is no law prohibiting the use of the United States flag, or its patterns for advertising purposes. There was a bill (No. 5315) intro duced into Congress January 29, 1894, to prevent the desecration of the United States flag. It was referred to the committee on j udiciary and re ported back April 6. Yet no further action was taken, Congress probably waiting until the public sentiment regarding the spirit of the bill was ascer tained. Anyway this is what the Illinois Society of Colonial Wars is going to bring out at once. MASSACHUSETTS. *#* The State Society, on July 24, made an historical pilgrimage to Ip swich, where they were the guests of Mr. R. M. Appleton, whose large estate in this, his native town, is one of the most beautiful in Essex county. To get at the inside facts of this excursion it is necessary to go back a couple of centuries or so to King Philip's war, the chief event of which was the great Narraganset swamp fight, in which the New England soldierly captured and burned the principal citadel of King Philip. The hero of that fight was Maj. Samuel Appleton, one of the first settlers of Ipswich. Mr. R. M. Appleton is the lineal descendant of Maj. Appleton, and his Ipswich estate is for the most part the original Appleton grant. On it still stand two of the old Appleton homesteads, one dating from 1680 or there abouts, and the other from 1794. At the Ipswich station Mr. Appleton and his son, Mr. R. M. Appleton, met the party with carriages. As soon as the vehicles were loaded they were driven to the old Ipswich cemetery, not far from the gate of which is a little cluster of old slate stones, which mark the graves of the first American 122 The American Historical Register. Appletons — among them the Major, and his sons, Samuel, Jr., and Isaac, noted in the Port Royal expedition. Starting from the graveyard, the party was driven to the Appleton estate over the old Pudding street — in palmy days the aristocratic section of Ips wich — and its continuation, perhaps the first road constructed in the Massa chusetts Bay colony, leading from Salem through Ipswich to Newburyport. All along the route places of interest were pointed out by Mr. Appleton. A little way out, the old Choate bridge over the Ipswich river was crossed. It was built in 1764, and is laid on stone arches. A few steps beyond a handsome white house, embowered by fine trees. and looking the ideal New England village mansion of the old style, was pointed out as the residence of Gen. Wade. " Put none but Americans on guard," said Washington on a celebrated occasion, and he appointed Gen. Wade to succeed Benedict Arnold at West Point. Arnold and Burr marched over this road on their expedition to Quebec, and Washington and Lafayette followed it in their triumphal tours through New England. The party alighted at the house of Mr. R. M. Appleton, where he and Mr. Appleton did the honors. The front of the house is modern, though in the colonial style, but the rear portion is the old house built by Maj. Apple- ton, about 1670 or 1680. The party was then driven to the house of Mr. Appleton, Sr., where lunch was served. Mr. Appleton and his son no longer remained the sole entertainers, however. Among those who, beside the ladies of the house hold, had joined the party from the various Appleton houses scattered over the estate, were : Bishop Perry of Iowa, Mr. Appleton Morgan of New York, the author of " The Shakespeare Myth," as well as the general vice-president of the new Society of the War of 18 12 : Speaker Meyer, of the House of Repre sentatives ; Rev. T. Frank Waters, pastor of the South Church of Ipswich, and president of the Ipswich Historical Society ; Rev. Milo H. Gates, rector of the Episcopal Church, and Rev. Mr. Constant of the First Church. After lunch the host rose and welcomed his gue=ts, and called upon Rev. Mr. Walters, as president of the local historical society, to say some thing about the early history of Ipswich. Mr. Walters began by speaking of Maj. Samuel Appleton, the old Indian fighter, who was the hero — dead though he had been for two cen turies — of the excursion. He referred to the important part he took in King Philip's war. "Later," continued Mr. Walters, " after he had returned to live in his Ipswich home, he became prominent as one of those who resisted the unjust tax levied by Sir Edmund Andros. The great charter had been repealed, and the King in England contended that the colonists had no rights but such as his future bounty might grant them. Andros tried to tax the men of Massachusetts, and their reply was ' No taxation without repre sentation.' With other towns, Ipswich refused to pay the unjust tax. He was arrested and imprisoned during several months in Boston." Mr. Walters concluded with a few remarks on the historical traditions Celebrations and Proceedings. 123 which clung to the soil of Ipswich, and then Mr. Appleton called upon Mr. Walter Kendall Watkins, the secretary of the Society of Colonial Wars and an associate editor of The American Historical Register. On behalf of his fellow members Mr. Watkins thanked Mr. Appleton for his courtesy and hospitality, and then read to the company a little bill rendered Mr. Apple- ton's great-great-grandfather, Samuel, the younger, by a French innkeeper in Canada. The bill was run up by Col. Appleton during the Port Royal expedition, and, being business of State, was afterwards duly filed in the Massachusetts Archives. It was very amusing, chiefly on account of the regular and frequent recurrence of the item, "One gill of brandy and bread." The next speaker was Rev. Mr. Bodge who came out strong on the original Col. Samuel Appleton. He narrated briefly the events which led up to the appointment of Maj. Appleton as commander of the Massachu setts forces, and told the story of his daring attack upon the Indian fort. He concluded by saying that Maj. Appleton seemed to him to have been, if the difficulties and limitations of his position were taken into consideration, one of the greatest of American military leaders. Mr. Constant spoke a few words in praise of Maj. Appleton, and hoped that "the name of Appleton would long live to give signs of the old strength and patriotism." Bishop Perry, the next speaker, told first df his pleasant connection with Ipswich, and called the attention of his hearers to the high character of his old friend, Mr. Appleton's father. The other speakers were Mr. Meyer, Mr. Appleton Morgan and Capt. Nathan Appleton. By the time the speaker was finished it was necessary to leave, and as the Society was driven away to the station, its members unanimously voted that they had had the most agreeble and satisfactory outing of their cor porate existence. There were a few minutes to spare before the train left, and a visit was accordingly paid to the Saltonstall house, the oldest in Ipswich, built in 1635, which is just across tne street from the station. Its timbers are as sound as when it was built. It was with difficulty, indeed, that a nail could be driven into the heavy oak framing. Its huge chimney and ancient clap boards, secured by ancient wrought-iron nails, are good evidence of its age. The walls, it is said, are lined with straw bricks — put in to be a protection against the bullets of any Indians who might float down the near-by Ipswich The Centennial Anniversary of Gen. Wayne's treaty at Green ville, O., was celebrated, August 3, under the auspices of the Wayne Me morial Committee. The programme of the day consisted of a parade and addresses by Mayor Wright, Judge Gilmore, Judge Doyal, of Frankfort, Ind. ; Judge Hunt, of Cincinnati; Gov. McKinley and Prof. Butler, of Madison, Wis. The Society of Mayflower Descendants. — The first of the State societies will be organized this month in Massachusetts. 1 24 The American Historical Register. The Society of the War of 1812: \* The following letter from Mr. Appleton Mor- fj gan, of New York, was printed in the Baltimore ^flSgSi^II^T^ American, July 23, last. As it is of interest not V«sJ|>j|^| * only to members of the General Society of the war tm^^Sbb I °f l812- Dut t0 members of all the Patriotic- T'S^jjI^BBSs*^/ Hereditary Societies we reprint it in full : /HeIsISSicVv To the editor of The American: On page 28 of a hj ^^^^^^^^^^\f\ brochure published in this city, entitled " The Military V\^^^^^fi^^^^^j Society of the War of 1812, Annals, Regulations and ^V .r_ir>nic^J ' ¦tr^ Roster,' ' I find it stated that the Maryland Society of the xi!|S^^5e#^ I War of 1812, founded in Baltimore September 14, 1814, ^a=Si*ir^ the day after the battle of North Point, has become " extinct." The force of this statement is weakened somewhat by two other statements of the brochure in question, viz : That the Pennsylvania Society of the War of 1812, founded in i8S4-(S7?), is also "extinct," and that the only real " Society of the War of 1812" is one founded in New York City January 3, 1826, which, by the ruse of unitingin 1848 with a body known as the " Veteran Corps of Artillery of the City of New York," has suc ceeded in perpetuating itself to the present day. I say " weakened " because the coin cidence of exactly the two survivals of long-forgotten institutions required to replace the two depleted societies might overtax a moderate credulity. But the proposition is still, I think, positive enough to justify me — so far as Maryland is concerned, atleast — in asking the courtesy of your columns to challenge it. And another reason why, apart from the justice due to the veterans of North Point, I desire to traverse it is that in 1894 the Maryland and the Pennsylvania societies met together and formed a general society of the war 1812, and that this general society has since been joined by the State societies of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Ohio, and this general society, being a federated society and so entitled to place on its seal and arms either the date 1814 (the date of the birth of the Maryland Society) or 1857 (the date of the birth of the Pennsylvania Society), has left it to the federated societies themselves to decide which date shall be selected. But if the brochure in evidence is reliable, then there is no Maryland Society of the War of 1812 and no Pennsylvania Society of the War of 1812, and, ergo, no General Society of the War of 1812 ; or, if there is, by courtesy, anybody entitled to the latter name and style and title, it is at the most only entitled to the date of 1894 ! I have not been able to bring the study of these matters either the leisure or the acumen of the distinguished author of the brochure quoted above. But, assuming that the originial records which he has consulted are of access to us all, my conclusions, predicated on such researches in those records as I have been able to make, are as follows : 1. That the first Society of the War of 1812 was founded in the city of Baltimore on the 14th day of September, 1814, the day after the battle of North Point, by the very men who had met and defeated the army of General Ross ; and that this society then formed perpetuated itself to this day not only by the usual method of admitting hered itary members before the death of the original members, but by the solemn and superior act of individually nominating their individual successors. 2. That, in 1857, Pennsylvania organized the second Society of the War of 1812 in conformity with the General Conventiions of 1854 and 1855 of veterans of that war exclusively, and that this society has so successfully perpetuated itself to this day, that at the date of the publication of its last year book it was able to register no less than fifty-three still surviving veterans of the war of 1812 upon its membership roll. Celebrations and Proceedings. 125 3. That the New York city newspapers of December 31, 1825, contained an invitation to all persons who had held commissions in the armies of the United States in the late war to meet on January 3, 1826, at the Broadway House, at the corner of Grand street and Broadway, " to take into consideration the expedience (sic.) of presenting a respect ful petition to the Congress praying for a grant of public lands, agreeable to rank and former practice, as a reward for their services, sufferings and losses during the second war for independence ;" that in pursuance of this invitation a considerable number of ex-officers did meet on the day named and did resolve to petition Congress, and that they continued to meet at each other's houses and elsewhere until their object was attained and Congress had granted them all bounty lands. But that they had no idea nor intention of organizing or founding a military or patriotic society by the name of " the Society of the War of 1812," or by any other name, and that, as a matter of fact, they did not organize any such society or any society whatever ; that within two or three years they had obtained their bounties or the promise of them, and had dis banded ; that they never had, or suggested the having of, any character, corporation or corporate seal, arms or insignia, and that in the year 1848 they had separated and dis appeared, so far as any joint or concerted action was concerned. With the Veteran Corps of Artillery of the City of New York, per se, this letter has nothing to do. It was an ancient and honorable body, whose original members had served in the armies of the Revolution, and had, in 1790, formed an organization to per petuate the memory of their Revolutionary services, and it is inconceivable that it in 1848, or at any other date, should have voluntarily surrendered its Revolutionary for a subse quent and more recent name and date. But, if it did do this inconceivable thing, if, as is recited in the body of a remarkable statute of the State of New York (chapter 91 of the laws of New York of 1895) it did, on the 8th day of January, 1892, in its one hundred and second year, change its name to the "Society of the War of 1812," then on that date it fraudulently and wrongfully trespassed on the rights of the Society of the War of 1812 in the State of Maryland no less than on the rights of the Pennsylvania Society by helping itself to the name and title which they had acquired and enjoyed, respec tively, for seventy-eight and for thirty-eight years. And, moreover, if there had been any association in New York City which, in 1826, took the title of the " Society of the War of 1812 " — which there was not — that association would, in 1826, have been itself an infringer on the rights of the Maryland Society founded in 18 14. The distinguished author of the brochure cited can take either horn of the dilemma he prefers. My conclusions, therefore — radically at variance wilh the conclusions of my esteemed colleague, the author of the brochure in question — are : 1. That the Maryland Society of the War of 18 12 is the oldest society of that title in the United States. 2. That the society in the city of New York now called " the Society of the War of 1812 " is wrongfully so called. Asking you to pardon the length to which I have trespassed on your columns, I am, sir, yours faithfully, Appleton Morgan, A vice-president of the Pennsylvania Society of the War of 1812. $12 is to have a Sta'e Society in Illinois. Mr. Wm. Porter Adams, 278 East Madison street, Chicago, has been appointed secretary pro tern., to organize an Illinois society, as a great many members of other State societies live in and near Chicago. It is very likely that the Illinois Society will be in good shape to join the General Society when its Executive Committee convenes in October. I 26 77z^ American Historical Register. Daughters of the Revolution. — The century now rapidly neaiing tits close is essentially woman's centuiy, and this last decade has seen wonderful strides taken in her advancement, intellectually, politically and socially. One of the greatest organizations of this or any time, founded by a woman for women, is the Society of the Daughters of the Revolution. This Society, its aims, growth and far-reaching, ever-widening influence, and something of the remarkable woman who originated, founded and organized this hereditary society, Mrs. Flora Adams Darling, I make the subject of my article. The greatest achievement of Mrs. Darling's life — and she is well known as a woman of no mean literary ability, having received college degrees of A. B. and A. M. in recognition of her literary work — was the founding of the Daughters of the Revolution, and every American woman, with a lineage to be proud of, owes her a debt of gratitude for the happy thought that originated this movement, and made us Daughters of the Revolution. The General Society has its headquarters at 64 Madison avenue, and has grown to grand proportions, its present membership being a matter of pride and promise of enduring success. State societies are organized in nearly every State in the Union. The colors of the Daughters of the Revolution are buff and blue ; the seal, a shield surmounted by an eagle, with the motto of the Society, " Liberty, Home and Country," in raised letters of blue enamel. The aims and purposes of the Society, as projected by Mrs. Darling, are purely patriotic, to inculcate a love of American institutions and customs, to foster a reverence for American ancestry and history, and to collect in a museum all the Revolutionary relics that can be acquired. Mrs. Darling, in a paper entitled "American Aristocracy," says: " We want a broader conception of liberty, a loftier vision of duty, a grander appreciation of life, and a Society like ours should be an educator, and by association lend an influence effectual and enduring. It is imperative, and should be abso lutely understood and enforced, if necessary, that in all social and official acts, members should avoid even the semblance of sectional feeling, or of political or religious partisanship, thereby the more effectually aiding to bring all descendants of the heroes of the Revolution together in this organi zation, whose watchword should be patriotism pure and unalloyed. Let our Society rest upon a comprehensive basis and give true descendants of American patriots, be they rich or poor, a warm welcome to membership ; but, at the same time, we should guard with care the right to be admitted, and investigate with caution the claim, to accomplish the object we intend to perpetuate. We want the descendants of the men of 1776 to unite with us and keep alive the traditions and facts that have made Americans famous ; to foster pride in their children in the deeds of their ancestors, and tj look forward to posterity from an American point of view, and through word and deeds let their creed be known and read by all men : ' I was born an American, I have lived an American, I shall die an American.' " To record and perpetuate the annals of ancestry is among the noblest Celebrations and Proceedings. 127 achievements of life. To adorn and enliven such a history there are no better examples in all the events of the world than are to be found in the lives and characters of the old New England mothers. Try them ; measure their faith as in the days of drought, famine, sickness and disappointment. Measure them in the midst of conflagraiions, war and blood, or in the tran quil years of peace and plenty ; or try them in the appalling perils of an Indian raid upon their homes, their little ones and their lives. Stern in integrity, strong for endurance, firm in truth and fervent in valor, they never faltered. God give us heroism like theirs, force like theirs and faith like theirs, through all the events of coming times ! We do not, must not, forget that the descendants of these brave men and women of colonial and Revolutionary days were the men who, in 1861, rallied to the defense of their flag and country, and for four long years endured toil, hardship, suffering, and fought battles, such as the world had never known before, with courage, valor and heroism, which make their names and deeds immortal. To-day, in loving memory of the lives thus offered on their country's altar, we place flowers on their graves ; orators tell the stories of their brave fights, weary marches, long imprisonments and glorious deaths ; while songs are sung, dirges and marches are played and salutes fired over their graves throughout the length and breadth of the glorious land for which they fought and died, willingly, heroically. Mrs. Le Roy Sunderland Smith, Historian- General D. R. and U. S. D. The Society of Daughters of the American Revolution : minnesota. *#* The Daughters combined business and pleasure July 30, and at the invitation of Mrs. William Donaldson transformed the regular quarterly meeting into a lawn party. The meeting was held in the afternoon at the Don aldson cottage at White Bear and was enjoyed by upwards of 100, including the escorts brought by the members of the organization. The lawn was very tastefully decorated with the national colors. The arrival of the party was heralded with military salutes, and when the echoes had finally died away the meeting was called to order and opened with the singing of "America." But the business routine of the meeting came to a quick halt for The Daughters had succumbed to the charms of a cottage by the lakeside, and concluded that they would prefer to spend the day in true picnic fashion instead of listening to the programme which had been prepared for the occasion. In view of this fact the paper which was to have been presented was dispensed with. Yachting, croquet and kindred amusements combined to make the 128 The American Historical Register. afternoon pass with surprising rapidity. Refreshments were served by Mesdames Gribben, Howard, Sanford, Welch, Wallingford, Edgerton and Misses Donaldson, Jewett and Ford. NEW HAMPSHIRE. *#* The Molly Stark Chapter of Manchester has a Revolutionary sol dier's daughter in its ranks, to wit : Mrs. Betsey Miller Hall, daughter of Capt. Simon Merrill who enlisted in the Revolutionary army when twenty-two yeirs old as a private, but during his five years of service was promoted by degrees to the rank of captain. He participated in the battle of Bunker Hill and in Sullivan's expedition against the Six Nations. He was between seventy and eighty years of age when Mrs. Hall was born, she being his youngest child by his third wife. She is a bright and active woman, seventy-one years old, and is the recipient of a handsome souvenir gilt spoon as a gift from the National society which thus favors all members who have the honor of being the daughter of a soldier of the Revolution. MAINE. *#* The Wadsworth Chapter, of Portland, picniced at Mallison Falls, July 15. The Chapter journeyed by special cars and steamer and had a memor able day of enjoyment. NEW JERSEY. **.* The Lafayette Chapter, Atlantic City, recently organized, now num bers eighteen members, among them is a daughter of a Revolutionary soldier, a distinction possessed by but one other chapter in the State. The lady is Mrs. Mary Cordery, of Absecon, N. J., eighty-nine years of age, whose father, Parker Clark, fought for American independence. The following officers were elected recently : Regent, Miss Sarah N. Doughty ; registrar, Mrs. J. K. Pitney ; secretary, Miss Mary Emma Bing, and treasurer, Miss Eliza Thompson, with a historian yet to be appointed. MARYLAND. *** Mrs. John Richie, State regent of Maryland went to Cumberland, Md., July 24, to organize a chapter in that city. A feature of the meeting was the reading of a paper by Mrs. Richie on the historical associations of Maryland. NEW YORK. \* The Buffalo Chapter met in a special meeting called at the home of the regent, Mrs. M. N. Thompson, July 30, to take action on the recent appeal made by the New York Mail and Express for a benefit fund for Miss Elizabeth Key, the granddaughter of Francis Scott Key, the author of " The Star Spangled Banner." The hardship of losing her governmental position, after fifteen years' service, at a time in life when she can scarcely hope to take up any other line of work by means of which she could maintain herself and dependent relations, has compelled Miss Key to come before the American people as a beneficiary. Celebrations and Proceedings. 1 29 The response to the call for help has been heartily met and at this meeting the Daughters evinced the active sympathy and readiness of the Buffalo Chapter to render service to the cause of patriotism. Notwithstanding the absence of a large number of the 180 members from town, forty and more women were present and the conference resulted in the organization undertaking to raise the sum of $200, which shall head a subscription list which will be accessible to all patriotic Buffalonians who may wish to contribute to the independence of the granddaughter of the author of our national hymn. Fifty-two dollars were raised at the meeting, and postal cards have been sent to the absent members requesting subscriptions. Whatever deficiency is found to be lacking will be made up from the treasury of the Society if the sum does not exceed $50. Some very interesting history regarding the writing and first singing of " The Star Spangled Banner" was read, and the present agitation is likely to make everyone familar with all the details of the famous old song. It is the opinion of the Buffalo women that Miss Key should be placed beyond the possibilities of another such trial, even if she is reinstated, which is not unlikely, seeing that Mr. Hoke Smith can scarcely enjoy the hue and cry that has been raised because of her dismissal " for no reason whatever," she writes, " save that I lacked political backing." The recent agitation of a monument fund for the composer of the '' National Hymn " is likely, for the present, to die out in the light of the greater need of providing for his descendants. **.* The Wiltwyck Chapter, Kingston, held theirregularmonthly meeting August 2 at " Cloverly," the handsome home of Mrs. James L. VanDeusen. Miss Katharine B. Forsyth read an interesting paper on the old DePuy house, by Mrs. Annie DePuy Allison. The Daughters will present to Mohawk Chapter, of Albany, a piece of wood of historical value with which to frame their charter. Through the courtesy of Custodian Julius Schoon- maker, of the Senate House, the wood to be presented is a piece from one of the old charred beams of the Old Senate House. \* The Poughkeepsie Chapter have undertaken to raise $9000 to com memorate the ratification of the Federal Constitution by New York in 1788. The monument will stand in a square adjoining the court-house, which is on the site where the act was signed. PENNSYLVANIA. *** The famous old Block House, which is the historic landmark of this community, was thrown open July IS to the public. The Daughters of the American Revolution are to be credited with the enterprise and fore thought which has resulted in the old fort's being opened to public gaze. Mrs. Mary E. Schenley owned the property with other real estate in the neighborhood, and the Daughters applied to her for it. She deeded the lot and building to the Society. Since then the ladies have had the ground about the old stronghold sodded with fresh, green turf. 130 The American Historical Register. The old tenements which hid the Block House from view have been torn away, and soon a proposed entrance will be effected from Penn avenue into the property. This entrance is to be a few feet from Fort street. When O'Hara street is laid out the Block House will be accessible from three sides. *** A most delightful meeting of the George Taylor Chapter was held in Easton on the Fourth of July. Tne meeting opened by the reading of the Declaration of Independence, by Mrs. R. B. Danson, the Chapter historian. An entertaining paper, by Mrs. Maxwell, the regent, was then read on " George Taylor, a Signer of the Declaration." Another feature of the meeting was the recitation by Miss Grace Simon, of " Grandmother's Story of Bunker Hill," by Oliver Wendell Holmes. GEORGIA. *** The Atlanta Chapter had a call meeting August 9, at half-past 4 o'clock in the historical rooms at the State Capitol, Atlanta. Mrs. F. H. Orme, regent of the Atlanta Chapter, presided with her usual dignity. The purpose of the meeting was to arrange for the entertainment of the Colonial Dames, Daughters of the American Revolution and Sons of the Revolution, all of whom have been invited to meet in Atlanta on October 17 and 18. A committee was appointed to see that proper accommodations were secured for them. Another committee has in hand the business of selecting a place for general headquarters, and a third is making arrange ments for a very elaborate and elegant reception which will be given on the evening of the 18th by the Atlanta Chapter in honor of the Daughters and the Dames. The place where the reception will be held has not yet been decided upon. The affair will necessarily be of immense proportions. So large, indeed, that each member of the Atlanta Chapter will be permitted to invite only two outside friends. The question troubling the committee at present is where they can find accommodations sufficiently ample for the entertainment they propose. Besides this formal function Mrs. Huge Hagan, Mrs. Sarah Grant- Jackson and Miss Isa Glenn will entertain the Dames and Daughters at high teas. On October 17 a reunion of all the Georgia Chapters will be held, called by Mrs. Thomas J. Morgan, State regent, who is now at her summer home, Meldrim, near Savannah. Thus, all the members of the State organ ization will be in Atlanta ready to receive their guests who will begin ariving the next day. Society of the Cincinnati: NEW YORK. *** I have read with much interest the article of Capt. Henry Hobart Bel las in The Historical Register of July last on theNorth Carolina Society of the Cincinnati. I do not agree with him in the account he gives of the origin of the Cincin nati Society and I have written to him my reasons. A second letter of mine to the New York Cin cinnati was announced at the 4th of July meeting and the head of its contents as below. It is in press. Index.— Origin and Nature of the Institution of the Cincinnati Society ; Parallel between the States of the Celebrations and Proceedings. 131 Old Confederacy and the State Societies of the Cincinnati ; The State Socie ties of the Cincinnati — the Extent of their Power ; The joint jurisdiction of the General and the State Societies, of the Principles (Maxims and Gen eral Rules) of the Society ; The Supervisory Office of the General Society : Virtual ultimate control by the State Societies ; Confirmative annals of the General Society ; Delinquent State Societies ; The Society of the Cincin nati in France not authentic — additional proofs ; The Circular of the Rhode Island Society ; The General Society. The Historical Register more than equals the promise of its prospectus. New York City. John Cochran. NEW HAMPSHIRE. *** The Society met at Concord, N. H., on July 4. The following officers were elected to serve for the ensuing year : Bradbury L. Cilley, presi dent ; Rev. Charles L. Tappan, vice-president ; Capt. William Lithgow Willey, secretary ; Franklin Senter Frisbie, assistant secretary ; Joseph N. Cilley, treasurer ; Charles Frederick Bacon-Philbrook, assistant treasurer. Several new members were elected and favorable reports made of the pro gress of the Society towards its application for recognition at the next general meeting. After the meeting the members dined with the vice-president by invitation. NEW JERSEY. , *** The New Jersey State Society held its annual meeting at the hotel at Elberon on July 4. It will be remembered that a terrific storm interfered that day with the open-air displays of patriotism, but indoors at the charm ing house at Elberon forty members of the ancient society gathered at this reunion. The business meeting of the Society was uneventful, no new members were elected. The old officers, headed by Judge Clifford Stanley Sims, were elected, and at two o'clock the party sat down to the annual banquet, an exquisitely arranged table, a beautiful decorated room, all aglow with lights. All thoughts of the tempest without were forgotten and the Cincinnati, with great relish, partook of one of the finest dinners ever yet spread for their enjoyment. In the absence of Judge Sims, on account of the recent death of his mother, Gen. William S. Stryker presided. With a few appropriate remarks the memory of George Washington was drunk. The Rev. Dr. Willmer, of Virginia, formerly a professor in the University of the South, responded in eloquent words to "the day we celebrate." Dr. Willmer holds the seat in the Society of Maj. Richard Cox, of the Jersey Continental line, who was present at the first meeting, and was elected treasurer of the Society, June 12, 1783. The usual toast of " New Jersey," in the absence of Gov. Wertz, was responded to by John P. Stock ton, attorney-general of the State. No one who was present that day can ever forget the fervid patriotic thoughts and the gifted oratory of this greatly beloved Jerseyman. Coming down from the direct line of a " Signer," with a father proud of his intense Americanism, this scholarly son of New Jersey could not fail to utter true and brave words for his native State. The Rev. Dr. Humphreys, of Morristown, spoke a few words in honor of this vener- 132 The American Historical Register. ated Order, and Flavel McGee, of Jersey City, closed the day with an appeal for a higher standard of political and business life in the people of America. And thus closed a most enjoyable day commemorative of the natal hour of our national independence. The Military Order of the Loyal Legion. — The Michi gan Commandery was entertained, July 24, at Bois Blanc by Col. and Mrs. Atkinson, assisted by Mrs. J. T. Keena. The day was spent in boating, yachting and other sports, the guests having a royal time. Those accepting the invi tation were: Gen. O. M. Poe, Maj. George W. Chandler, Capt. John Confine, Capt. H. C. Christiancy, Capt. R. A. Graeffe, Capt. J. V. Ruehle, Capt. Henry Reaney, Capt. Jacob Bristol, Col. S. E. Pittman, Gen. F. W. Swift, Maj. Ford H. Rogers, Capt. Charles Vernon, Dr. H. E. Smith, Lieut. E. Sheley, Capt. C. K. Brandon, Lieut. C. S. Foote, Lieut. Charles H. Chope, Capt. Charles J. Fox, Gen. H. R. Mizner, Dr. J. M. Brown, Maj. Francis Clark, James Vernor, Capt. O. C. Allen, Lieut. W. H. Sumner, Lieut. John C. Hardy, Col. W. S. Brownlee, Lieut. Charles R. Rooney, Col. James T. Sterling, J. T. Brodhead, T. E. McDonough and Master Frank Hardy. The Military Order of the Loyal Legion. — The eleventh annual meeting of the Commandery-in-Chief will be held in the annex of the Arlington Hotel, in the city of Washington, D. C, on Wednesday, October 16, 1895, at 10 A.M. The Council-in-Chief will assemble at the head quarters of the Commandery of the District of Columbia, Tuesday, Octo ber 15, at 3 P. M., and the board of officers at 8 P. M., for the transaction of such business as may be submitted for their action. The Sons of The American Revolution : NEW YORK. *#* Strong efforts are being made in Kingston to form a local chapter of the Empire State Society. For the formation of a local chapter it is necessary that fifteen or more members be secured who are residents of Ulster county. Those who have already become members of the Society in Kings ton, and who are exceedingly desirous of organizing a local Chapter are: James Henry Everett, John Forsyth, Severyn Bruyn Forsyth, DeWitt Roosa, and Henry Barton Snyder. As there are a number of worthy repre- 1 sentatives in this vicinity who are lineal descendants of illustrious participants in the American Revolution, it is expected that the efforts to establish a local chapter of the Society of the Sons of American Revolution will be a success. Celebrations and Proceedings. 133 OHIO. *** The Anthony Wayne Chapter was recently organized in Toledo with a very fair charter list. The Chapter is expected to be one of the most prosperous in Ohio. The list of officers chosen for the ensuing year is : President, David Robison, Jr.; vice-president, George E. Pomeroy ; historian, W. F. Robison ; secretary, Robert B. Dakin ; treasurer, James J. Robinson ; registrar, Charles C. Dawson. VERMONT. *** The State Society will hold its annual meeting at the hotel in Fairlee, August 16. It is proposed to adjourn the meeting without trans acting any business to some future day and at such place as will be con venient to the greater number of members. MASSACHUSETTS. *** The North Bridge Chapter, Salem, was entertained in July by the Misses Helen and Eliza Philbrick, at their home. The special guests were Mrs. William Lee and Mrs George H. Daniels, the regent and secretary of the Massachusetts Society. Mrs. Lee made an admirable address, congratulating the Chapter upon its excellent beginning, and predicting for it a brilliant success. She dwelt upon the duty devolving on the descendants of patriotic sires to keep the fire of patriotism burning brightly, and urged the members to keep the motto of the Society — " Liberty, Home and Country" — ever in mind. Allusion was made to Salem's noble part in the struggle for freedom. The raison d'etre of the Chapter's name was given by a member, and the story of the encounter at the North Bridge, February 26, 1775, was read, questions being made from the late N. A. Horton's admirable address given at the dedication of the monument that marks the sight of Col. Leslie's Retreat — the "peaceful victory" that preceded Lexington and Bunker Hill. When the Roxbury Chapter of the Society was named in honor of Mary Warren, of Roxbury, and her brave son, Gen. Warren, who fell at Bunker Hill, allusion was made to the unprecedented fact that the Chapter was organized on " Bunker Hill Day," and that June 17 was also the anniver sary of the birth of the State Society of the Daughters of the Revolution in Massachusetts. Another curious coincidence connects the North Bridge Chapter with the Massachusetts State Society, and was accidentally dis covered at this meeting of the Chapter. The name "North Bridge " was chosen so as to commemorate this victory of the Patriots over the Tories and the British, so early in the Revolution, and being a " peaceful victory " appro priate to Salem (" Peace "), particularly as it occurred within her borders. Certainly the Commissioners of Incorporation nor the Society incor porated had this encounter at Salem, in the past, nor the formation of this Chapter in the then unknown future in mind when the order of Incorporation of the Society " Daughters of the Revolution — Commonwealth of Massa chusetts, " was granted and received on February 26, the date of the North Bridge encounter, one hundred and nineteen years previous. These are two 134 The American Historical Register. pleasant omens of the success and historical influence of the Massachusetts Society. MARYLAND. %* The Maryland Society, escorted by the 5th Maryland Veteran corps, the governor of Maryland and staff and officers of the 5th regiment, M. N. G., and Maryland Society of the Cincinnati, under the leadership of its president, Col. William Ridgely Griffith, was at Prospect Park, Brooklyn, N. Y., on August 27 and celebrated the 119th anniversary of the battle of Long Island by unveiling the handsome monument which they have reared to the memory of the Marylanders, who lost their lives in this memorable engagement during the Revolution. The function was an imposing one, and the monument was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. New York and Maryland State officials and various military and patriotic societies took part. The Maryland visitors were dined at the Montauk Club by the Brooklyn Committee, chairman, Samuel L. Woodford, and the New York Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution, Walter S. Logan, chair man. About 2 P. M. the Maryland and New York Chapters Sons of the American Revolution formed in line on the plaza in the park and proceeded to the sightly spot in the park on which the monument stands, on the eastern slope of Lookout Hill. The ceremonies consisted of the presenta tion of the monument by Col. Griffith, Sons of the American Revolution, to the Mayor of Brooklyn and then its presentation by the Mayor to the Park Commissioners. This over Col. George A. Pearre, of Maryland, and Gen. Horace Porter, of New York, delivered historical orations. The Sons of the Revolution : NEW YORK. *V* The Liberty-pole, Buffalo, will have besides the magnificent flag formerly presented on July 4, and the old flag which was repaired for everyday use, another for everyday display. Mayor Jewett recently suggested the need of a flag for everyday use and the following prompt response was received from the Buffalo Association of the Sons of the Revolution. Buffalo, N. Y., July 13, 1895. Hon. Edgar B. Jewett, Mayor of the Ci.y of Buffalo: Dear Sir — The Buffalo Association of the Sons of the Revo lution of the State of New York desires 10 present to the City of Buffalo a suitable United States flag for daily use on the new Liberty-pole. I have the honor on their behalf of offering this flag, 30 x 20, for your acceptance for the purpose named. Yours very truly, Henry R. Howlanii, President. In acceptance of the flag the Mayor responded as follows: HENRY R. Howland, Esi„i., President Buffalo Association Sons of the Revolution: Dear Sir.— 1 have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours of the 13th inst., tendering to the City of Buffalo on behalf of the Buffalo Association of the Sons of the Celebrations and Proceedings. 135 Revolution a flag for daily use on the new Liberty-pole. The gift is timely and appro priate, and on behalf of the City of Buffalo I accept the same with many thanks to the patriotic and public-spirited association who is the donor. Very respectfully. EDGAR B. JEWETT, Mayor. Mayor Jewett had the flag presented by the Sons of the Revolution swung to the breeze from the Liberty-pole for the first time July 22. He received a letter from Cyrus K. Remington, secretary, in which he was assured that the organization will take it upon itself to renew the every day flag as often as is necessary. The Society of the Colonial Dames of America : GEORGIA. *** The recent election of fourteen Atlanta ladies to membership in the Georgia Society, which has its headquarters at Savannah, has become one of the general topics of discussion among the special circle of Atlanta interested in ancestral matters. There seems to be the opinion generally that, besides demanding statistical evidence, that the applicant is descended from some official pa triot of the colonial period, the Society of Colonial Dames has resolved itself into a sort of social tribunal. The Atlanta Journal says : The question with them is not entirely who your ancestors were a hundred and fifty years ago, but what you personally are to-day. To become a member you have first to be invited, then seconded. Finally, your name is sent to every Colonial Dame in the State, who sends her vote sealed. These votes are opened and counted in secret session, which is so arranged that no member knows what the other has voted. Mrs. W. W. Gordon is president of the Georgia Society. The other officers are : Mrs. Henry R. Jackson, first vice-president ; Mrs. Edward C- Anderson, second vice-president ; Mrs. Alexander R. Lawton, treasurer ; Miss Eugenia Johnstone, recording secretary; Miss Meta Harden, corres ponding secretary ; Mrs. Thomas S. Morgan, registrar ; Mrs. Louis G. Young, historian. Managers : Mrs. J. J. Wilder, Mrs. P. W. Meldrim, Mrs. Thomas Screven, Mrs. Charles H. Dixon, Mrs. Joseph R. Lamar, Mrs. Hattie Gould Jeffries, Miss Emma Bulock. The Atlanta women who have recently been elected to membership in the Society are : Mrs. Hoke Smith, Mrs. Gen. John B. Gordon, Mrs. Purton Smith, Mrs. Hugh Hagan, Mrs. F. H. Orme, Mrs. George Traylor, Mrs. E. P. McDowell Wolff, Mrs. Black, Mrs. William Daniel Grant, Mrs. Sarah Grant-Jackson, Miss Junia McKinley, Miss Caroline Lewis Gordon, Miss Lillie Orme and Miss Isa Glenn. A day will be set apart during the exposition for the special entertain ment of the Colonial Dames. Mrs. Hugh Hagan, Mrs. Grant-Jackson and Miss Isa Glenn will give receptions in their honor and very brilliant cere monies will be instituted. The exact date has not yet been settled, but it will probably be some time during the fine weather of October. Invitations have been issued to all of the thirteen societies of the thirteen original States, most, if not all of which, will be well represented. NOTES, QUERIES AND REPLIES. Pulpit Censorship in New York.— Mr. Albion Morris Dyer closes his very interesting and instructive paper in the February number of The American Historical Register, on " Pulpit Censorship in New Amster dam," with the claim that the Dutch Reformed Church in New Amsterdam organized in "the spring of 1628" was the "First American Protestant Church." In the interest of historical accuracy, I challenge the statement, and assert, that the First American Protestant Church was the one organized in May, 1607, at Jamestown, Va., of which the Rev. Robert Hunt was minis ter the Church itself being established by the first charter of 1606, and the church building erected by the first colonists immediately after their arrival. The Holy Communion was first administered by the Rev. Robert Hunt, Sunday, June 21, 1607.* Daily Common Prayer was said morning and evening, and on Sundays two sermons were preached. Holy Communion was administered every three months. The Rev. Mr. Bucke succeeded the Rev. Mr. Hunt, coming out under the second charter of 1609 with Gates. Be fore his arrival, May 23, 1610, the colony, by privations, hunger and death had almost perished, still, the church was there, and " The first place which Gates visited upon landing was the ruined and unfrequented church. He caused its bell to be rung ; and such as were able to crawl out of their miserable dwellings, repaired thither that they might join in the zealous and sorrowful prayer of the faithful minister who pleaded in that solemn hour for his afflicted brethren and himself, before the Lord their God." Lord De la Warr upon landing, June 10, 1610, " made a long and silent prayer and then marched to church and heard prayer by Rev. Mr. Bucke."| Governor Yeardley, in 1619, " In James Citty found only those houses that Sir Thomas Gates built in the tyme of his government, with one wherein the Governor allways dwelt, and a church built wholly at the charge of the inhabitants of that Citty, of timber, being fifty foote in length and twenty foote in breadth. "{ Bancroft, in speaking of Yeardley's assembly, says, " This first American Assembly (1619) set the precedent of beginning legislation with prayer. . . . It was evident that Virginia was then as thoroughly a Church of England colony as Connecticut afterwards was a Calvinistic one."|| . . . "The most convenient place we could find to sit in was the Quire of the church." . . . "But, forasmuch as men's affairs doe little prosper, when God's service is neglected, all the Burgesses tooke their places in the Quire, till a prayer was * Virginia Company, Neil, p. 17. f Anderson's History of the Colonial Church, Vol. I, p. J Neil, p. 138. || N. Y. His. Soc. Coll., 2nd Series, Vol. Ill, p. 331. Notes, Queries and Replies. 137 said by Mr. Bucke, the Minister, that it would please God to guide and sanc tify all our proceedings to his own Glory and the good of this plantation." This first Assembly met on Friday, July 30, 1619, and on the following Wednesday, August 4, one of its acts was "All Ministers in the Colony shall, once a year, namely in the month of March, bring to the Secretary of Estate a true account of all christenings, burials, and marriages, upon pain if they fail to be sentenced for their negligence by the Governor and Coun cil of Estate." -'AH Ministers shall daily read Divine service, and exercise the Min isterial function, according to the Ecclesiastical laws and orders of the Church of England, and every Sunday in the afternoon shall catechise such as are not prepared to come to the Holy Communion." " All persons upon the Sabaoth day, shall frequent Divine service and sermon, both forenoon and afternoon ; and all such as bear arms shall bring their pieces, swords, poulder and shotte — and every one that shall transgress this law shall forfeit those shillings a time to the use of the Church, all lawful and necessary impediments excepted."* The first seven acts of the Assembly of March 5, 1623-24 were for the government of the Church : "Act I. That there shall be in every plantation, where the people use to meete for the worship of God, a house or roome for that purpose, and not to be for any temporal use whatsoever, and a place empaled in, seques tered only to the buryal of the dead. "Act II. That whosoever shall absent himself from divine service any Sunday without an allowable excuse shall forfeit a pound of tobacco, and he that absenteth himself therefrom a month shall forfeit 50 lbs. tobacco. "Act III. That there be an uniformity as near as may be to the Cannons in England ; both in substance and circumstance, and all persons yield readie obedience unto them under pain of censure. " Act IV. That the 22nd March be yearly solemnized as holliday, and allhollidays, etc., . . . ••Act V. That no Minister be absent from his church above two months in all the yeare upon, penalty of forfeiture his means, and whosoever shall absent himself above foure months in the year shall forfeit his whole means and cure. "Act VII. That no man dispose of any of his tobacco before the Minis ter be satisfied, upon pain of forfeiture double his part of the Minister's means, and one man of every plantation, to collect his means out of the first and best tobacco or rum."f At the time of Gov. Yeardley's arrival, there were three ministers in orders — Rev. Richard Bucke, William Mease and Mr. Bargrave, and those not in orders were Mr. William Wickham and Samuel Macock, a Cam bridge scholar, and both made members of Gov. Yeardley's council. In November last I had the pleasure of listening to a paper by the * N. Y. His. Soc. Coll., 2nd Series, Vol. Ill, p. 353. t Hening's Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 122. 1 38 The American Historical Register. same gentleman, read before the New York Historical Society, entitled " Was the First Church organized at New Amsterdam or Plymouth," by which he made out a good case in favor of New Amsterdam, because the Pil grims left their minister and Church government in Holland, and at its close added—" this was the First Reformed Church in America." The Rev. B. F. De Costa, D.D., a fellow member of the Society, rose in his seat and remarked that he had listened with much interest to the paper, but wanted to know if the Church of England was not a Reformed Church, and asserted if it was not, he did not know what a Reformed Church was. He then proceeded to make the statement that the Church of England was established in the first days of Jamestown, and was therefore the First Reformed Church in America. In view of this public question of Mr. Dyer's claim, I was much sur prised to find him reiterating it in The American Historical Register, and I therefore send you this communication that your readers may enter tain a different view of the matter. Elizabeth, N. J. George Ellsworth Koues. Pulpit Censorship in New York. — I note that a phrase in an arti cle which appeared in The American Historical Register, Vol. I, p. 514, is the subject of criticism by your correspondent and I ask the privilege of space in your publication for a brief reply. The criticism contains a challenge of the incidental statement that the Protestant Dutch Reformed Church in New York was the first American church of the Protestant religion and an assertion that "the first American Protestant Church was the one organized in May, 1607, at James town, Va." Your correspondent further states that a remark, which he quotes as being to the same effect, made by the writer at a meet ing of the New York Historical Society was "publicly questioned" at the time by Rev. B. F. De Costa, D.D. The subject of that paper read before the Society was the relative claims of priority of Church establishment at New Plymouth and New Amsterdam, and the argument advanced therein in favor of the New York church was " publicly " commended at the meeting of the Society to the great gratifi cation of the writer. The paper contains no reference to the Jamestown colony. Nor was there in it any comment on the worship conducted on the James river by Chaplain Hunt in June, 1607. The point raised in the paper was this : "At Manhattan in the year 1628 a Protestant congregation of long standing, before which certain religious forms had been practiced for some years in a regular manner by competent leaders, was set oft" on exami nation of their credentials in an orderly manner by a competent, delegated, authorized person, into a separate, independent, permanent Church estate, and that this was the earliest incident of the kind in American history." I was not aware, at the time of the "public questioning" to which your correspondent referred, that I had denied in the paper the existence of wor ship according to the forms of the Church of England at Jamestown in 1607. No doubt such worship was conducted on Virginia soil by the asso- Notes, Queries and Replies. 139 ciates of the venturesome Raleigh at a much earlier date. I thought then that the contention could be made with good reason in favor of New York's claim to the first orderly, authorized, permanent establishment of an inde pendent Church estate. I certainly did not think that I was to be disturbed as to that opinion by the off-hand statement of Dr. De Costa, especially when I was conscious that but a few days before that gentleman had given me his own opinion on the validity of the claims as to the Jamestown estab lishment, namely, that this was simply lay worship and was neither valid nor permanent and was not to be compared in that respect to the Church set up by Jonas Michaelius. I see by the assertion of your correspondent, made in the communica tion, that I must prepare to revise this opinion. Your correspondent will gratify me and doubtless others of your readers if he will kindly advance his arguments on the points covered by his assertion. (1) That there was a church organized at Jamestown in May, 1607. (2) That Rev. Robert Hunt was its minister. (3) That Daily Common Prayer was said morning and evening, and on Sundays two sermons were preached. (4) That Holy Communion was administered every three months. New York. A. M. Dyer. The Old Moslem Church (See Query p. 1342). — This venerable edifice, properly known as Zion's Lutheran Church, stood, till recently, in Richmond township, Berks county, Pa., two and one-half miles east of Virginsville, near the line of Maxatawny township. The congregation is one of the oldest of its faith in America. As early as 1737 a place was opened for religious worship, and in its records are found the names of Reber, Hefiiy and Merkel amongst those baptized at this time. About 1742, when the population had increased somewhat, Christopher Koon (or Kulin), Sebastian Kramer and Jacob Hill, having the love of their Church and its cause at heart, bound themselves together and resolved not to rest until they had erected a public place of worship. Before their good resolutions had been carried to completion the two latter died, but the former kept on in his good work until success crowned his efforts. On Thursday, January 20, 1743, Johann Valentine Kraft, probably its first regular pastor, dedicated the edifice to the worship of God and for the pres ervation of the Evangelical Lutheran religion of the Augsburg confession. By its laws the minister, if not ordained regularly, was not to deal out the Holy Sacrament in church, and, with regard to the Mennonites, the congregation were warned " not to fall into the error they fell in," etc. The first building was of logs and but a small structure. It was gen erally denominated "the Lutheran Meeting House/' and.it is said, on rainy days it became difficult to keep the books and clothing of those inside dry. The old records state that it stood in Philadelphia county, on the Andelanen (Ontelaunee) creek, bounded by lands of Carl Hefelin (now Heffly) and Ulrich Scherer, and on the other sides by hills and vacated lands. A house was also to be erected for the pastor and the teacher, who were both to live on the same property, and both were to have a like share 140 The American Historical Register. in the product of the soil, and it was strictly forbidden that the land should be used for any other than Church purposes. Christian ministers and teachers were to be selected, who were not to engage in any other duties than those pertaining to the congregation, which called for the pastor to preach and officiate whilst the teacher was to lead in singing, play the organ and teach the young, during the winter, in the Scriptures, psaltery, writing, reading and arithmetic. Rev. Kraft served for about two years, and was succeeded in 1745 by Rev. M. Tobias Wagner, who served sixteen years. One of these two gen tlemen was buried here, and is supposed to lie where the present garden is located. It was during the incumbency of the former that Thomas and Richard Penn, the proprietaries, gave the congregation 101 acres of land, together with the usual allowance of six acres for every hundred, for roads and highways, in accordance with custom. The patent was issued July 31, 1 741, for the consideration of fifteen pounds, thirteen shillings. Payment was to be made in quit rent, and on the first day of March every year one half-penny for every acre till the whole amount was discharged. Three- fifths of all royal mines and one-fifth part of any ore was reserved for the Penns, to be delivered at pit's mouth. The old deed is still in existence and bears the signature of " James Hamilton, Esq.," lieutenant-governor of the province, surrounded by a blue ribbon of an oblong square. It was entered in the Recorder's office, county and city of Philadelphia, patent book ¦•A/' volume 17, page 501, the 29th of July, 1754, and later, again recorded in Reading, book " A," volume 55, page 575, October 14, 1848, by Recorder John W. Tyson. At a centennial anniversary held June 8, 1861, Mr. J. D. Wanner, of Kutztown, Pa., presented the following names of members who had sub scribed to the Church regulations, which he had copied from the records. These signatures were dated "Andelanen (Ontelaunee) Trinitatus festival, 1746:" Johann Christopher Kuhn, George Kern, Carolus Hefelin, John Herbst, Rudolph Schlier, John Herrgeroly, Nicholas Gottschall, George Jacob Ohlinger, Killian Kehser, John Fillis Schus, George Bast, John Fred erick Kramer, Michael Henninger Haus, Michael Haner, John Frederick Heini, John Hill, Leonard Kopplinger, Christopher Schreher, Andrew Fry, Michael Kelchner, Jacob Brandsteller, John Jacob Wagner, Michael Hann, Daniel Hill, Leonard Reber, Christian Hausknecht, Hans Jacob Hummel, John Reiger, John Bast, Nicholas Schumacher, Jacob Schumacher, Michael Schlier, John Melchior Hoffa, Melchior Fritz, Daniel Baili, Andrew Hum mel, John W.Ernst, Peter Biehl, David Komb, Conrad Bauer, Isaac George Mauk, Casper Killian, Daniel Komb, John Heisser, Nicholas Stein, George Fegely, W. Bauer Schadell, Henry Heffner, John George Merkel, Jacob Henry Boyer, John Frederick Biehl, George Nicholas Hildebrandt, John Jacob Klein, Gottfried Kramer, John Kohler, George M. Dauber, Henry Christofel Rick, George Folk, George Hahn, George Miller, Lorenz Bieber. By 1761 the increase of the congregation demanded larger accommoda tions. The old structure was demolished and replaced by the more familiar stone edifice, which was named " Zion's Church," and dedicated the same Notes, Queries and Replies. 141 year. On this occasion the Rev. Frederick Schaum conducted the exercises, succeeding Rev. Wagner in the pastorate which he retained until his death, about seventeen years later. In 1770 the church was supplied with an organ built by Tannenberger, of Lancaster county. It is a quaint old instru ment, still in good condition, having two large bellows on top, just below the rafters and out of sight of the congregation. This building was of stone from the vicinity, modeled, probably, after the old Augustus Church at Trappe, Montgomery county, Pa. Its rear wall was hexagonal in shape, supporting a roof hipped to cover it. It was lined on the inside with brick instead of boards. In 1894 this venerable structure, still in a good state of preservation, was removed to give place to the still more commodious brick building dedicated June, 1895. The old graveyard is thickly studded with graves, of which more than 500 are marked and can be counted, besides probably an equal number without stones. In 1778 Rev. Daniel Lehman was elected pastor, and also served until his death in 1810. His body was interred in the church, under the first floor near the pulpit, Rev. Henry Muhlenberg, of Reading, officiating. After him came the following pastors : Rev. John Knoske, 181 1-22 ; Rev. Conrad Miller, 1822-29 ; Rev. Isaac Roeller, of Kutztown, 1829-60; Rev. Benj.E. Kramlich, of Kutztown, several years; Rev. Kline, of Hamburg; Rev. T. T.Jaeger, of Reading ; Rev. G. F. Spiecker, of Kutztown, and Rev. Dr. S. L. Harkey, also of Kutztown, the present incumbent. Some of the early teachers were Gengel, Engleman, Dickhout, John Philips, Solomon Miller, S. H. Fegely, James A. Kuhns, Valentine Auge, Deininger and Schubert. The first deacons between 1737 and 1741 were Leonard Reber, Philip Johns, Christian Hausknecht, Johannes Hirt, Frederick Kramer, and two whose names cannot be deciphered. It is said that an Indian mound is located just back and north of where the old church stood, and tradition has it that many Indians are burried in the neighborhood. Reading, Pa. H. M. M. Richards. Venable. — Who were the immediate ancestors of Abraham Venables who appeared in Virginia in 1685 ? Whence did Abraham come ? Is there any connection between him and Ralph Vennables who went to the Ber mudas from London in 1635 ? Information also of the supposed Joseph Venables who went to Maryland in 1685 or thereabouts. Joseph J. Casey. Smith. — Charles Venable, grandson of the emigrant Abraham, mar ried Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Smith, founder of Port Royal, Va. The children of Robert were Charles, Lawrence, Susan, wife of Luke Burford, Elizabeth, and Dorothy. Robert's father was Charles. I am anxious to trace this Smith line backward. New York. Joseph J. Casey. I42 77it? American Historical Register. Kennon.— What is the origin of the name which first appears in its present form in Virginia, 1675? It is not found in English books. Perhaps it was "Cannon." In 1635, Richard Canon (Cannon) and his wife Eliza beth, sailed from London to Bermuda. Will Kennon, the Mecklenburg (N. C.) signer was a descendant of the Virginia Kennons. Was Richard Kennon, the Hillsborough (N. C.) delegate, Will Kennon's brother, or was he a son of Richard and Agnes (Boiling) Kennon ? This Richard, the Hillsborough delegate, settled in Chatham county, N. C, and married Celia Ragland. The names of his children are preserved, the usual Kennon names, all except one, a daughter, Celia Ragland Kennon. Further infor mation is desired, as also of the Ragland family. Joseph J. Casey. Thomson. — Wanted the lineage of James Thomson and his son Nathan, who came to Kirkland (or Paris), Oneida county, New York, about the end of the last century. Where they came from is not known, excepting that it was somewhere in Massachusetts. Both are buried in the old cemetery at Kirkland. One tombstone reads : "In memory of Mr. James Thomson, who departed this life Jan. 18, 1800, in the 76th year of his age." The other : " Erected to the memory of Nathan Thomson, who died Aug. 14, 1826, aged 63 years, 10 months and 7 days." The wife of Nathan Thomson was Mary Cutler, born Dec. 28, 1758, also in Massachusetts. The records of Oneida county show that Nathan Thomson purchased eighteen acres of land March 10, 1801, in the town of Paris, and from that time till August, 1804, made many other purchases in that town, Kirkland, Westmoreland, and at Thomson's Mills, named after him. Syracuse, N. Y. Martha Thomson Held. West.— In reply to the question "Was Prudence West the Widow of William West, the Shipbuilder?" (July number, page 1170, note.) 1 would say, that James West, shipbuilder, emigrated with wife Prudence and children from Bristol, England, in 1688, and purchased land of William Penn for which in part payment, he is said to have built for the proprietor, the first vessel constructed on the banks of the Delaware. Philadelphia. Helen K. Morton. Jans. — Sara Jans, married Jans Schouten, who lived in New York in 1686. Information desired of Sara Jans. Was she daughter of Cornelius Jans, son of Anneke Jans of " Trinity Church " fame ? Morris— Hulings — Leech.— Information wanted of descendants of David and Mary (Phillipine) Morris, Welsh Friends. Their marriage is recorded in Philadelphia monthly meeting, 3 mo., 4th, 168;. Information wanted of descendants of Marcus and Margaret (Robeson) Hulings. His will is recorded at Reading, Pa., and is dated 1757. Information wanted of the descendants of Jacob and Elinor (Robeson) Leech. He was captain of the Associated Regiment of Philadelphia. They had three children, Jacob, who married Elizabeth Swift; Margaret, married Richard Thomas and Eleanor, married Abraham Pastorius. Wayne, Pa. Susan Stroud Robeson. Notes, Queries and Replies. 143 Rawle. — The arms in the heraldic query on page 1342 of your July issue, perhaps belonged to some member of the Rawle family; the dexter blazon probably being three swords, which were borne two with points downward and the middle one upward, and vice versa by another branch of the family. The crest on the helmet also corresponds (lacking the sword in gauntlet, doubtless effaced in the impression) with Rawle. Chairman Committee on Heraldry H. E. Wood. New England Historic Genealogical Society. The United Empire Loyalist Association, of Canada, Chateau de Ramezay, Montreal, is collecting all possible details concerning the " Tories of the Revolution." Communicate information to W. D. Lighthall, archivist. Haxna — Leonard Finley. — Names and history of the relationship, parents and nativity of John, Robert, Archibald, and Joseph Hanna, par ticularly John, who settled in the Ligonier valley, in Fairfield township, Westmorelend county (then Cumberland and Bradford counties), Pai, 1768 to 1771. They established the Hanna settlement which became known as Hannastown, and was the first seat of justice west of the Alleghenies. Penn sylvania archives contain considerable information in regard to Robert Hanna. John bought 300 acres from Robert Nox in 1772. His son, John, was born at Hannastown, December 23, 1773. He married Anne Leonard about 1795, daughter of James and Mary Finley Leonard. What families did they belong to ? Lincoln, Neb. Charles A. Hanna. The First Confederate Gun at Gettysburg.— In a note appended to the article, "The First Gun at Gettysburg," which appears in your July number, it is claimed that some officers of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry fired the first gun in that battle from a carbine which was aimed at an officer of the Confederate army riding at the head of his column, etc. If any such shot was fired it was neither seen, heard nor felt by anyone on the Con federate side. There were no Confederate troops moving in advance of Pegram's Artillery on the morning of July 1, and no one in that command was aware of being fired at. Of course, any soldier can take his gun and fire it off in the direction in which he sees the enemy advancing, and claim that it was the first shot in a battle ; but such a thing would be too absurd for ser.ous consideration. The renowned battle of Gettysburg was ushered in in no less august a manner than the thundering of Pegram's Artillery. To that hero belongs the honor, if honor there be. He is dead now, but his soldiers contend that he directed the first gun to be fired ; and not at random either, but at an enemy drawn up in battle array. Alexandria, Va. John L. Marye. Greene. — My father was George W. Greene, b. in Petersburg, Rens selaer county, N. Y., about 1809. His father was killed in the War of 1812, in 1812 or 1813. I wish to learn the latter's name, and his father's. My 144 The American Historical Register. grandfather may have spelled his name without the final e. I am after the exact missing link that connects us with the Rhode Island Greenes, whose genealogy I know, and to whom my wife belongs. Any suggestion or help in this matter will be much appreciated by Cranford, R. I. (Rev.) G. F. Greene. Phillips — -Hamilton — Blair. — Information wanted in regard to the parents and nativity of the following : William Phillips, of West Notting ham township, Chester county, Pa., near Rising Sun, Md. He bought 167 acres of land three miles north of Rising Sun in 1794. His father enlisted in the Revolutionary army, about 1776, from one of the Nottingham town ships, and was killed in the war. William married Rachel Hamilton about 1790, daughter of Robert and Martha Blair Hamilton, who then lived near West Middletown, Washington county, Pa., having probably emigrated there from Rising Sun or Chester county with the numerous families of Chester county people that followed Revs. Joseph Smith, James Power and James Kinley over the mountains from Rising Sun to Washington county, 1780 to 1790. Lincoln, Neb. Charles A. Hanna. Pocahontas. — Among descendants of the King and Queen Co., Ya. Martins, is a belief that they are kin by blood to Pocahontas. I cannot see any way to make the connection. Will some one help me ? Joseph J. Casey. Holder. — Capt. John Holder married Col. Richard Callaway's daugh ter, Fanny, at Boonesborough, in 1777 or 1778. There was a John Holder, ensign and then lieutenant in 1775, in Alexander Yotewood's 2d Vir ginia regiment. What connection between these two, or are they one, as seems likely ? Holder is supposed to have come from Shepherdstown, Ya. His mother was a Penn. Joseph J. Casey. Penn.— The mother of Capt. John Holder, of Virginia and Kentucky, was a Penn. Her sister, Catherine, married Capt. John Holder's son, John or John W. Who can put me upon the track of this Penn family, which, judging from the dowry of land and slaves which Catherine brought to her husband, must have been a family of wealth, and perhaps distinction ? 26 East 129th Street, New York. Joseph J. Casey. Steam Locomotion.— The following incident in connection with the invention of locomotion by steam has never been published. My maternal grandfather was Johathan Coffee, of Philadelphia, who was a machinist and associated in business with Oliver Evans. It is well known how Evans, having built an engine for the city authorities attached machinery to it and run it by steam from his shop along the streets to the Schuylkill river and also on the water. When the machine was completed, Coffee and Evans had a conversation as to how the machine was to be moved. According to the account as repeated in the family, Evans said to Coffee, "Jonathan, how are we to get this out to the river?" Coffee was thoughtful for a time and then replied, "Why, make the thing go itself." Notes, Queries and Replies. 145 Acting upon this suggestion, Evans made use of the inventive ideas he had been thinking out for sometime, and the machine was made to propel itself. Philadelphia. Harry Shelmire Hopper. " The Liberty Bell."— Will you kindly tell me the name of the sexton of the State House of Philadelphia, who rang "The Liberty Bell" in 1776, when it cracked ? Lebanon, Pa. George W. Messner. Davidson — Thompson — Gorrell — Williams — Campbell — Nick- less — Tucker. — William Davidson emigrated from Moneymore, in the north of Ireland, to this country in 1728. Settled first in Woburn, Mass., then in Tewksbury, same State, where he died June 6, 1757. Where was he buned? He had by his first wife (Mary Alexander), children, Robert2, Nathaniel2, William', Elizabeth2, John2, George2, and Jane2, all born in Ireland. NathanieP married Mary Walker, lived in Billerica, Mass., and had children, William3 and Nathaniel3. William3 had a son William4, and a daughter4. Information wanted concerning the family and descendants of William3. William Davidson2 married Abigail Rich, and lived in Douglas, Mass. They had children, Mary3, William3, Nathaniel3, Douglas2, and Samuel3. Information wanted concerning each of these five children (except Nathaniel3) and of their descendants. Elizabeth Davidson2 married John Gorrell, of Salem, N. H. They had a son Nathaniel3, and a daughter3, who married first, John Thompson, and, second, Dea. Gawn (or Gauin) Armour, of Windham, N. H. Information wanted concerning Mr. and Mrs. John Thompson and their dencendant*. George Davidson2 married Susanna Christie. They had several chil dren, one of whom, Susanna3, married George Williams. They settled in Cherry Valley, N. Y., and had a son George Williams*. Further informa tion wanted concerning the family and descendants of George Williams3. Jane Davidson2 married Thomas Campbell, a lineal descendant of Hugh Campbell, Duke of Argyle, Scotland. They had children Johi,3, Nathaniel3, and Hugh Argyle3. Information wanted concerning the family and descendants of John Campbell3, and Nathaniel Campbell3. Also, whether Thomas and Jane2 Campbell had a son William3, and a daughter Mary2. William Davidson1 had by his second wife (Margaret McCartne>) children Mary2, Alexander2, Francis2 and Margaret2. Mary Davidson2 married Joseph Nickless, of Billerica, or Carlisle, Mass. They had a large family of children, among whom were Daniel'2. Frank2, Moses2, Amos2, Joseph2, Josiah2, Dennis2, William2, Azuba2, Mary'-, Alice2, and some others who died young. Information wanted concerning the family and descendants of Daniel2, Moses2, Amos2, Joseph2, Josiah2, Dennis2, William2, and Alice2, Nickless. Alexander Davidson2 married, first, Judith Butman, by whom he hud three or four children, one being Alexander3, and one a daughter3, who 146 The American Historical Register. married a Mr. Tucker. Alexander Davidson2 also had several children by a second wife. Information wanted concerning the family and descendants of Alexan der3, and of the daughter3 who married Mr. Tucker. Newfane, Vt. M. Davidson. Mahon - Mahan - Machan — McNitt — Dougherty. — Information wanted concerning Archibald Mahan or Machan (the name having gone through the above changes in spelling) who came to this country from near Derry, Ireland, about 1735-45, who settled at or near Middle Springs, near Shippensberg, Pa. He married Jane McNitt (1719-1806), a daughter of Alex. McNitt who emigrated at the same time. Information concerning the Alex. McNitt also wanted. Who was the father of Sarah Dougherty who married David Mahan (1748-1831), of Shippensberg, Pa. ? Phoenix, Arizona. H. F. Robinson. Barber. — I would like the address of anyone who has the Barber " ancestral tree," desiring information concerning Luke Barber, who was the lieutenant-governor of Maryland, Md., in 1657. 1214 Linden avenue, Baltimore, Md. M. W. I. Barber. — My mother's maiden name was Barber, her grandfather's name Oliver Barber (Barbour) and his father was, I suppose, a Frenchman. Wanted the descent of my mother. What will it cost to find it ? Burlington, Vermont. Elihu B. Taft. Breckenridge — Vaughan. — Wanted any information as to the ancestry of a Miss Breckenridge who married Mr. Thomas Clark, a Scotch school-master, who lived in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1800 or there abouts. Information is also desired relative to the ancestry of George Vaughan, who lived in Harford county, Maryland, and who married a Miss Amoss. He is said to have marched through Baltimore with Washington in 1787. "The Maples," Elizabeth L.Clark. Woodbrook, Balto. Co., Md. Brewster. — Wanted names of parents of Mary Brewster, b. 1695, d. March 30, 1761 ; m. June 1715, Judge Joshua Wells, 2d, of Long Island, N. Y. She was granddaughter of Nathaniel, and he grandson of the " Elder " Brewster, of the Mayflower. New Jersey Revolutionary Troops.— Where can I find the com missions of the officers of the 1st battalion Gloucester county, N. J. militia, serving in the Revolutionary War? I have tried for this at the National War and Pension Departments and the New Jersey Adjutant- General's office without success. 1214 Linden avenue, Baltimore, Md. M. W. I. Oldham. — Will all persons whose ancestors were Oldhams, kindly send address and particulars ? I am collecting data for an Oldham genealogy. 610 Thirteenth street, Washington, D. C. Edward A. Oldham. Notes, Queries and Replies. 147 Sharpe. — Wanted information concerning William Sharpe, ancestor of Robert Sharpe, of Scotland, Franklin county, Pa. He is supposed to have been engaged in the Revolutionary War. Brooklyn, N. Y. Robert Sharpe Kunkel. The "Stamp Act." — In a circular sent me by the "Francis Scott Key Monument Association," the special point of interest to me is the state ment that Judge Charles Jones, of Montgomery county, Md., with eleven other judges, ordered the first official repudiation of the " Stamp Act." The Stamp Act, to impose taxes on the American Colonies without their consent, was passed by the British Parliament on February 25, 1765, and was to become opera tive on the first day of November following. The fall term of the court commenced in Frederick, Md., on November 1, 1765, and on the 23d day of the month, just twenty-two days after the Act went into opera tion, the Justices of the Court passed an order that the business of the Court should proceed without stamps, and declared that "all proceedings shall be valid and effectual without the use of stamps," and enjoined ' ' all sheriffs, clerks, counsellors, attorneys and eall officers of the Court to proceed in their several avocations as usual." This was the first official repudiation anywhere in America of this odious and tyrannical law and the twelve judges who composed that now famous judicial body, were Joseph Smith, David "Lynn, Charles Jones, Samuel Beall, Joseph Beall, Peter Bainbridge, Thomas Price, Andrew Hugh, William Blair, William Luckett, James Dickson and Thomas Beatty. Judge Jones was my great-great-grandfather, and I would like to have the volume and page, American Archives, or other competent authority for this statement. If true, it should be the text for a most excellent historical article for your journal. Chillicothe, Ohio. Gustavus Scott Franklin, M. D. Gorham. — Timothy Gorham, b. September 14, 1784; d., New Haven, Conn., January 15, 1863. Names of parents desired. Philadelphia, Pa. George H. Griffing. Berks County, Pa. — Reply to query on p. 1342, July. — An account of "Zion's Lutheran Church (Moselem)" will be found on p. 1038 of " History of Berks County in Pennsylvania," by Morton L.Montgomery, Esq., of Reading, Pa. * Warnersville, Pa. V. Hayden — Carpenter. — Information is , desired of the ancestry of Millicent Hayden, b. in 1769 at Hopkinton, Mass., and m. there in 1789 to Otis Reed. This branch of the Hayden family was related to a family named Carpenter, whose representatives advertised some twenty years ago in the New York and Chicago papers for information of the descendants. Washington, D. C. Mark B. Hatch. Howerden — Livingston. — What information can anyone give me regarding the ancestry of Margaret Howerden, who m. Robert Livingston, -son of Robert Livingston, 1651-1728, the first son of the manor of Living- .ston ? Baltimore, Md. H. G. Armstrong. BOOK NEWS. A year ago we had the pleasure of announcing the birth in New York City of The Spirit of '76, a monthly periodical " devoted to the inter ests of the patriotic organizations of America." Now we have again the honor to announce the birth in the same city of another — The Colonial Magazine — published in the same interests and upon similar lines. That they will be rivals for favors in the same field is likely ; but the field is wide and rich and there is room and subsistence for both, and also plenty of opportunity to do good work in the furtherance of patriotism. The Colonial Magazine, No. 1, Vol. I, reflects credit on its editor and printer, as its sub ject-matter is well selected and beautifully printed. "The Year-book of the Minnesota Society, Sons of the American Revo lution " is one of the handsomest volumes of its kind. It contains 525. pages of information concerning the members and their ancestors through whom they derive membership in the Sons of the American Revolution. It was compiled by William Henry Grant, the historian and registrar of the State Society, who is specially qualified for such work, and labored faith fully for two years in preparation and publication of it, and it is for this reason more complete in every respect than any similar work heretofore published. It is embellished with thirty illustrations and portraits. " The Register of Members of the Society of Sons of the Revolution. in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts," printed for the Society under the direction of the Publication Committee, Messrs. Walter Kendall Watkins, James Atkins Noyes and Winthrop Wetherbee. Besides giving in a concise- way the list of members of the State Society and the ancestors under whom they " claimed," it gives the officers of each State Society. "The Register of the Pennsylvania Society of the Colonial Dames of America" (instituted April 8, 1891), for the current year, is a beautiful volume of 132 pages, bound in white cloth embellished with the Society's insignia in proper colors. Its frontispiece is the flag in colors recently adopted as the standard of the State Society — a red field with a wide white bordure.with coat-of-arms of William Penn in the centre of the field. The- book give's the register of service of the Dames' ancestors through whom membership is derived. Some of the ladies " claim " under thirty and more colonial ancestors. The book was edited by a committee of the Society. From his earliest boyhood, Cassius F. Lee, Jr., of Alexandria, Va., collected data, documents and details of his paternal ancestors till his death in September, 1892, and was known amongst his kindred as " the genea logist of the family." After his death his brother, Dr. Edmund J. Lee, of Philadelphia, Pa., took up and completed his brother's unfinished genea logical work, and has just issued in book form the result of their joint efforts, assisted by many professional genealogists* The volume is a handsomely * " Lee of Virginia, 1642-1892. Biographical and Genealogical Sketches of the Descendants of Colonel Richard Lee." For sale, at $10 per copy, by Edmund J. Lee,. M.D., 1213 Walnut street, Philadelphia. Book News. 149 printed one of nearly 600 pages, and gives all that could be collected in the shape of information concerning the descendants of Col. Richard Lee, who settled in York county, Va., in 1642. The Virginia genealogy is prefaced with accounts of many Lee, Leigh, Lea, Lygh families of England. " Since many persons seem to think that every American who bears the same name must of necessity be of the same stock, a few sketches of the various English Lee families, to show the erroneousness of such an idea, have been given." The work is illustrated with thirty-six photogravure portraits, many coats-of-arms of families allied by marriage to the Lee family, and pictures of the chief seats in Virginia. The arrangement of the pedigree matter is simple and admirable, the descendants of the immigrant's three sons, Richard (" Stratford "), Hancock ("Ditchley") and Charles (" Cobbs ") being taken up and run out in turn. "The History of the Bolton Family"* isa handsomely printed and well-bound volume, containing something more than a mere list of names. The authors have made a study of interesting, early periods in English history, and have illustrated the personal history of several members of the family with carefully prepared biographies, letters, etc. Records of no less than twenty-one different families of Bolton in the United States are herein printed. Among the distinctive features of this volume are forty-five charts and numerous pen and ink sketches. We find here chapters on the Boltons of Yorkshire, Lancashire, Woodbridge (Suffolk), London, in England; of Waterford, Ireland; of Philadelphia, Massachusetts, New York, Wisconsin, etc., in the United States, and of Nova Scotia. By far the greater part of the work is taken up with an account of the descendants of the Boltons of the Brookhouse, Blackburn. This branch of the family resided at Black burn in the sixteenth century, and one of their number emigrated to the United States of America in 17 18 ; from him are descended a large number of the name. Incidentally are inserted pedigrees of the following families : Newell of Georgia, Huyck, Harrison, Douglas, Salter, North and Irving. The chapter on the Heraldry of Bolton is abundantly illustrated. The cover bears the Bolton coat-of-arms. In order to raise funds to make a creditable exhibit of Virginia pro ducts in the Woman's Building, Cotton States and International Exposition, Atlanta, the Committee of Ladies of Virginia have gotten up a booklet to sell, entitled: " From Virginia to Georgia; A Tribute in Song by Virginia Women." Mrs. Mary Stuart Smith, editor. Poetry is the natural medium of expression for the deep feelings of the heart. This little volume, which contains poems from many of Virginia's most distinguished daughters, voices the true friendship between the sister States of Georgia and Virginia s'"The family of Bolton in England and America, 1100-1894." A study in Genealogy. By Henry Carrington Bolton and Reginald Pelham Bolton. Embodying the "Genealogical and Biographical Account of the Family of Bolton," published in 1862 by the Rev. Robert Bolton, A. M., rewritten and extended to date. Illustrated with sketches by Reginald Bolton. New York, 1895. Royal 8vo., pp. xvi-524. To be had only of H. Carrington Bolton, University Club, New York City. Price, $10. 150 The American Historical Register. which it is believed this exposition will go far towards strengthening and rendering perpetual. It is beautifully printed on coated paper, containing the autographs of the writers, and bound in manilla parchment. For sale by the trade. Price, fifty cents. The Registrar of Pedigrees, New York Genealogical and Bio graphical Society, 23 West Forty-fourth street, New York, has prepared a new form or blank for registering pedigrees which has not been copyrighted and formally adopted by this Society. The register or chart consists of eighteen sheets of union bond paper, each 15 x 10 inches, all bound together in an orange wrapper, entitled : " New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. Register of Pedigree." The first sheet has only the words "The Pedigree of ," the blank being left for the name of the person whose pedigree is to be registered. The second sheet, called the " Index," has a space on the left for the name of the person whose pedigree is to be registered and continuing towards the right there are the necessary spaces for his two parents, four grandparents, eight great-grandparents and finally the sixteen great-great- grandparents. The right-hand edge of this sheet and the edges of the other sixteen sheets are indented or cut in such a way that the name of each great-great- grandparent will come on a different sheet of the chart, the second sheet thus forming an index for the last sixteen sheets. Each of these sixteen sheets is designed for the registration of the pedigree of one of the several sixteen great-great-grandparents, and is headed " Ancestry of ," the space being for the name of the ancestor. On these ancestry sheets there are five columns arranged for the pedi gree of each great-great-grandparent back for four generations through his sixteen different lines of descent, thus making it possible to show in this register the pedigree of a person for nine generations, there being spaces for the names of 256 ancestors in the ninth generation as well as for the like number of intermediate ancestors with spaces for births, marriages and deaths. On the reverse of each one of these sixteen pages is a blank page for noting any information or memoranda about the person named on the pages opposite. It is the desire of the trustees that each member of the Society will supply himself or herself with one of these blanks and at once fill it in so far as possible and file it with the Society; and, as new information is gathered, forward the same to the registrar for insertion upon the blank form. These blanks as received will be bound in volumes and will thus form a record of inestimable value to the Society. A limited number of these blanks have been lithographed for the Society, and can be had at the small expense of seventy-five cents each, upon application to the registrar, William Gordon Ver Planck, No. 54 Wil liam street, New York; or to the librarian, Richard H. Greene, 23 West Forty-fourth street, New York. The American Historical Register. Commercial Union Assurance Company limited of Hondott. Corner Pine and William Streets, New York. UNITED STATES BRANCH STATEMENT. January ist, x8qs. ASSETS. United States Bonds $ 4^2,375 °° Rail Road Bonds, First Mortgage . . . . 1,256,589 16 Rail Road Stocks 24,550 00 Real Estate New York and Philadelphia . . . 864,314 96 Cash in Banks and Trust Companies 420,369 95 Unpaid Premium N. Y. Office . ... 69,663 37 Cash at Branch Offices and in course of trans mission 390,7I0 97 Interest and Rents accrued 36'2?o A3 All other admitted assets 36,768 05_ Total Assets $3,581,549 89 liabilities: Reserved for unexpired Risks . . . • #2,037,948 44 Outstanding losses ... 289,383 06 All other liabilities "^'i12 35 Net Surplus . . . 1,135,006 04 $3,581,549 89 CHARLES SEWALL, ALEX. H. WRAY, Manager. Z^ss't Manager. DIRECTORS IN NEW YORK, WM. ALLEN BUTLER, Esq. E. S. JAFFRAY, Esq. GEO S. BOWDOIN, Esq. ALFRED PELL, Esq. S. VAN RENSSELAER CRUGER, Esq. JOHN T. TERRY Esq. EUGENE DUTILH, Esq. DAVID A. WELLS, Esq. IWESTERN DEPARTMENT, H. C. EDDY, Resident Secretary, 1 CHICAGO ILL. S. S. FROWE, Assistant Secretary, J NORTH-WESTERN DEPARTMENT, C. J. HOLMAN, Resident Secretary, . . DENVER, COL. DIRECTORS IN LONDON, W. REIERSON ARBUTHNOT, Esq. CHARLES J. LEAF, Esq. ROBERT BARCLAY Eso Rt. Hon. A. J. MUNDELLA, M P. WTMIDDLBTON CA'MPBELL, esq. Sir HENRY W PEEK, Bart., M P. 1FRFMIAH CO! MAN Eso P. P. RODOCANACHI. Esq. Rt Son. LEONARD H. COURTNEY, M. P. THOMAS RUSSELL, Esq., C. M. G. Sir JAMES F. GARRICK, Q. C, K. C. M. G. P. G. SECHIARI Esq ALFRED GILES, Esq. , M. P. D^ COOPER SCOTT, Esq. FREDERICK W. HARRIS, Esq. J9JI5 Z£d?Jii-£s%; JOHN HOLMS Eso MP JOHN TROTTER, Esq. F ^KwbRTHYQ;'EsQ HENRY TROWER, Esq. E. ROGER OWEN, Manager. GEO. C. MORANT, Ass't Manager. The American Historical Register. Littell's Living Age. "It is a perfect encyclopedia of biography, travel and current history, * * * It repre sents completely the literature and the learning of the day, and in such compacted comprehen siveness that even the busiest man and woman can find time to read and intelligently master its themes. " It is one of the few things in this world of which it can be said that it has no peer." — Christian Work, New York, Jan. 24, i8qS- TRIAL SUBSCRIPTION. Six Months for $3.00. The Year 1895 for $6.00. Regular Subscription Price, $8.00 per Annum. The Living Age entered upon its 204th Volume with its first issue in January last. A great advantage of this magazine is its complete ness. Aiming to cover the whole range of contemporary literature, giving the best thoughts of the best authors, it gives them in full with out mutilation or condensation. No other eclectic does this. As a special inducement to any who may desire to make a trial sub scription, we will send the weekly issues for the first six months of this year (January to June inclusive) for $3.00; or to anyone remitting $6.00 in payment for the nine months, April to December inclusive, we will send the thirteen numbers forming the first quarterly volume free. This volume contains many articles of sterling merit by the most dis tinguished authors, including serial stories translated from the French and German expressly for this publication. The following list contains the names of a few of the many distin guished authors represented in recent issues: Sir Herbert Maxwell, Andrew Lang, Mrs. Andrew Crosse, Marquis of Salisbury, Reginald B. Brett, Prince Kropotkin, Lord Hobhouse, General Sir Evelyn Wood, G. C. B., V. C, A. Patchett Martin, George Saintsbury, Mrs. W. E. H. Lecky, Wm. Watson, etc. Published weekly, each issue contains 64 pages, or over 3300 pages a year, forming four large octavo volumes of 824 pages each. LITTELL & CO., Publishers, P. O. Box 5206, Boston, Mass. Tapestry Painting 2000 tapestry paintings to choose from, 38 artists employed, including gold medal ists of the Paris Salon. Send for Circular. Decorations Write for color schemes, designs, esti mates. Artists sent to all parts of the world, to do every sort of decorating and painting. We are educating the country in color harmony. Relief, wall paper, stained glass, carpets, furniture, window shades, draperies, etc. Pupils taught decoration. Send for Circular. Wall Papers Autumn styles, choicest colorings, de signed by gold medalists ftom 3 ccs. per roll up. 10 cts. for samples. Send for Circular. Art School Six 3-hour tapestry painting lessons, in studio, $5.00. Complete printed instruc tion by mail, $1.00. Tapestry paintings rented. Full-size drawings, paints, brushes, etc., supplied. 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I have had experience in searching records in both America and England, and offer my services to persons wishing investigations made concerning their ancestry or family connections. Eben Putnam, Genealogist. P. 0. Box 301, Salem, Mass. iHTSeuc/ zo cents for sample copy of . . . Putnam's Monthly Historical Magazine. m-Family and Town Histories Bought and Sold. "Putnam's" Ancestral Charts. Price, cloth, $1.50; half leather, $3.00. These simply arranged and comprehensive charts allow opportunity to record 570 ancestors of any one individual. Ample spaces are provided for biographical and other entries, and there are especially arranged pages for display of heraldic devices, catalogue of family heirlooms, portraits, etc. Says a leading genealogist: "Your charts combine all the good features of the other publications for similar purposes, have none of the drawbacks, and permit one to record an indefinite number of generations, an admirable provision." Published by EBEN PUTNAM, Salem, Mass. TYPEWRITERS2%gg&\ PmAAe r"*ii+ below all competitors. "3K1 n IWvd WUL Write for Illustrated Catalogue "A" and full information. , 3 -.:':¦ ¦„' "I r£& rvnKr The Standard Typewriter Exchange, 604 AND 606 CHESTNUT STREET, * ' PH I LA D ELPH 1 A, PA. **, The American Historical Register. G. S. Lovell, President. E. S. Loveli,. Vice-President. M. R. Minnich, Secretary. Percy Whitechuech, Treasurer Q. S. Loveli Clock Co. CLOCKS, BRONZES, JEWELRY, ioio & 1021 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Hmericans -OF- IRo^al Descent. A Collection of Genealogies of American Families whose lineages are traced to the legitimate issue of kings. Third edition (1894). just issued. Royal octavo. goo pages. Thoroughly indexed. Price (C O. D.), gio, £12 or $15 net, according to binding. For book orders and further information, address C. H. BROWNING, Ardmore P. O., Montgomery Co., Pa. Original Autograph fcetterS of Prominent Statesmen, and Generals, and other Celebrities Historical Documents of American Colonial Times, French and Indian Wars, The Men of the Revolution, Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Members of the Continental Congress, Washington and his Generals, Revolutionary Officers of all Ranks, Presidents of the United States, Officers of the War of 1812, Officers of the Mexican War, Officers of the Civil War, Also Novelists, Poets, Actors, Divines, Kings, Queens and everybody else. Price Lists sent on application. WALTER ROMEYN BENJAMIN, Publisher of " THE COLLECTOR," United Charities Building, A Monthly Historical Magazine for 287 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Autograph Collectors. One Dollar a Year. Sample Free. DOUBTING THOMASES Or those who do not be lieve that the Philadel phia Photo - Electrotype Co. can make the best Half-Tone Engravings in the World, should send for our Catalogue tell ing about Half-Tones and showing a few examples of our everyday work. Free to all interested par ties. The half-tone work in this magazine is made by us. Address PhiladelphiaPhoto-Electrotype Co. 147-49-51 N. Tenth St. The American Historical Register. Our Great Offer Of "Sunshine for Little Children" and Lithoed Water-Color Engravings by Ida Waugh. ; For 12# Cents One Copy of "Sunshine" and Two Lithoed Water-Color _ _ Engravings — worth . . . /») V*tS. For 25 Cents Two Copies of" Sunshine " and Four Lithoed Water-Color <£. — p. Engravings — worth . . . *P»»^" For 37*4 Cents Three Copies of "Sunshine" and Six Lithoed Water-Color i775> to December 23, 1783 With Portrait By William S. Baker. Author of " The Engraved Portraits of Washington," etc. Special cloth, gilt top, rough edges . . $2.50 Major=General Wayne and the Pennsyl= vania Line in the Continental Army By Charles J. Stille 8vo. Cloth, gilt top .... $3.00 Bailey's Photo=Ancestral Record Entitled " The Record of my Ancestry," with Supplements. Second edition now ready. Enlarged, improved and patented. Provides for 14 generations in all directions, with notes, crests and photo graphs. Perfect classification and complete index. Very popular among genealogists, the colonial societies and old families. Price: Cloth, $3.00; morocco, gilt edges, $5.00 FOR SALE BY The Historical Register Publishing Co. 120 SOUTH SIXTH STREET PHILADELPHIA o d > t> g p. « W-CK3 T. T J1 B w " ^ « o P in O w O T3 "tj 2 3 S m C f „. ^ D 09 R P> -. ™? - ^B n m ~ rn EL i o Steffi cr1 -^ re ' — . o ^ re P «• -1 §•. < Mg.00 re g * Mre OC,0 g.^1 re Z & 2. S*S 5; re So ^^ < Sfl c n tn o £ i-b ft 0 fa c rt H D. f** er 3 •< w In o o ^,3 o s a- ¦< ?* "i ANCESTRY. BY EUGEN E ZIEBER. This attractive little pamphlet contains the objects of each Ancestral and War Society of the United States, and full information of the requirements to membership therein. Aztee Club of 1847. Colonial Order of the Acorn. Daughters of the Revolution. Descendants of the Pioneers of America — 17 th Century. General Society of the "War of 1812. Grand Army of the Republic Huguenot Society of America. Ohio Society of New York. Medal of Honor Legion. Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States. National Society of the Children of the American Revolution. National Society of the Colonial Dames of America, National Society of New England Women. Naval Order of the United States. Netherland Society of Philadelphia. Regular Army and Navy Union of the United States of America. Society of the Army of the Cumberland. Society of the Army of the Potomac. 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Published by TTbe department of *tt>eral&rfi THLEI BAILEr. BANK9& BIDDLB COMPANY, 3 3. THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL REGISTER AND MONTHLY GAZETTE OF THE PATRIOTIC-HEREDITARY SOCIETIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, Charles H. Browning, The American Historical Association. HONORARY ASSOCIATE EDITORS : (Representing the Patriotic-Hereditary Orders.) Mr. John Schuyler, of N. 'Y., Society of the Cincinnati. Mr. Howland Pell, of N. Y., Society of Colonial Wars. Mrs. Roger A. Pryor, of N. Y., Society Colonial Dames of America. Capt. Henry Hobart Bellas, U. S. A., Society of the War of 1812. Mr. C. F. Bacon Philbrook, of Mass., Naval Order of the United States. Gen. Alexander S. Webb, of N. Y., Mil. Order of Foreign Wars of the U. S. Mrs. M. A. Bailey, of La., Society U. S. Daughters of 1776-18 12. Mr. A. Howard Clark, of D. C, Society Sons of the American Revolution. Capt. Philip Reade, U. S. A., Miss Sara K. Wiley, of N. J., Society of Daughters of the Revolution. Mr. Mark B. Hatch, of D. C, Aztec Club of 1847. Capt. Richard S. Collum, U. S. M. C, Military Order of the Loyal Legion. Mr. F. Senter Frisbie, of Mass., Medal of Honor Legion. Mrs. J. K. Van Rensselaer, of N. Y., The Colonial Dames of America. Mr. Robert Lenox Belknap, of N. Y., Society Sons of the Revolution. Mr. Fordham Morris, of N. Y., Colonial Order of the Acorn. Mrs. Marion Allen Ludin, of N. Y., Society 0. S. Daughters, 1812. Gouverneur M. Smith, M.D., of N. Y. Military Society of the War of 1812. The Army and Navy Union. Mrs. K. S. McCartney, of Pa., Society Daughters of the American Revolution. (Representing the Historical Societies.) Mr. Warner VanNorden, of N. Y., The Holland Society of N. Y. Mr. Roberta. Brock, F.R.H.S. of Va., Southern Historical Society. Col. J. Granville Leach, LL.B. , of Pa., Pennsylvania Genealogical Sotiety. Gen. James Grant Wilson, D. C. L. , New York Geneal. and Biog. Society. Mr. Walter K. Watkins, of Mass. New England Genealogical Society, Monsignor Robert Seton, D. D., New York Historical Society. Miss Anne Hollingsworth Wharton* Pennsylvania Historical Society. Mr. S. M. Sener, of Pa. Pennsylvania- German Society. Gen. Bradley T. Johnson, of Md. Maryland Historical Society. Gen. William S. Stryker, of N. J. Mrs. James Mifflin, of Pa. Mrs. DeWitt C. Mather, of N. J. Mrs. Alice Morse Earle, of N. Y. Rt. Rev.Wm. S. Perry, D.D., of Iowa. Proprietor : THE HISTORICAL REGISTER PUBLISHING CO. Philadelphia Office: No. 120 South Sixth Street. Edward Clinton Lee, President. Thomas S. Genay, Asst. Treasurer. Henry Hobart Bellas, Vice-Pres't. Wm. J. Custis, Mang. Adver. Depart. Geo. Cuthbert Gillespie, Treasurer and Publisher. Philip H. Gross, Manager Subscription Department. Directors : Edward Clinton Lee, Henry Hobart Bellas, Charles Williams, George Cuthbert Gillespie, Charles H. Browning. CONTRIBUTORS. Mrs. John Quincy Adams. Mrs. M. S. Anderson. Mr. Francis Olcott Allen. ' Mr. Edwin Swift Balch. Mr. W. H. Bailey, Sr., LL.D. Mrs. Henry G. Banning. Mrs. Richard Jackson Barker. Rev. C C Bateman, U. S. Army. Mrs. A. T. Belt. Mr. John F. Blandy. Mr. Robert A. Brock, F. R. H. S. Capt. George De Ray Brown. Mr. George C. Buell, Jr. J. G. Bullock, M. D. Swan M. Burnett, M. D. Miss Josephine Canning. Gen. John Cochrane. Capt. A. W. Corliss, U. S. Army. Rev. P. C. Croll. Capt. Charles B. Dahlgren. Gen. Charles W. Darling. Mrs. Flora Adams Darling. Mrs. A. G. Durno. Mrs. M. T. Daveiss. Miss Clara J. Denton. Henry N. Dodge, M. D. Mr. Russell Duane. Mr. Albion Morris Dyer. Mrs. Alice Morse Earle. Gen. Ferdinand P. Earle. Mr. Richard Harrison Earle. Mr. Franklyn Eyre. Mrs. Florence Topp Farrington. Mrs. Mary L. D. Ferris. Mr. J. W. de Forest. Mr. Frederick G. Forsyth. Miss Madge Freedley. Mrs. K. Vance Greenleaf. Mrs. Eliza Penn-Gaskill Hancock. Judge William D. Harden. Mr. Lewis R. Harley,Ph.D. Mrs. Sallie E. Marshall Hardy. Mr. Henry H. Harrison. Mrs. Margaret B. Harvey. Mr. Stan. V. Henkels. Mr. William Wirt Henry. Mrs. Howard Hinkle. Mrs. Laura F. Hinsdale. Mrs. Mary L. M. Howard. Capt. H. W. Hubbell, U. S. Army. Mr. Henry S. Jackson. Gen. Bradley T. Johnson. Mr. Charles P. Keith. Mr. Frederick John Kingsbury. Mr. D. S. Lamson. Mr. Edward F. de Lancey. Col. J. Granville Leach, LL. B. Mrs. Margaret W. Leighton. Rev A. N. Lewis. J. Berrien Lindsley, M. D. Mr. Clermont Livingston. Mr. Edwin B. Livingston, F. S. A. Mr. William Archibald McClean Mr. W. E. W. McKinlay. Mrs. Janey Hope Marr. Mr. John L. Marye. Mr. George C. Mason. Mrs. Dewitt C. Mather. Miss Edith H. Mather. Mrs. John Frederick Maynard. Mrs. James Mifflin. Mrs. Blandina D. Miller. Mr. M. R. Minnich. Mrs. E. H. Muldaur. Mr. Isaac Myer. Miss Elizabeth Clifford Neff. Mr. William Nelson. Miss Mary Mann Page Newton. Mr. Virginius Newton. Mr. Henry Kuhl Nichols. Mrs. James O'Fallon. Mr. George W. Olney. Mr. James L. Onderdonck. Mrs. Jane Marsh Parker. Rt. Rev. William S. Perry, D. D. Miss Sarah H. Powell. Mr. James L. Raymond. Capt. Philip Reade, U. S. Army. Mr. H. M. M. Richards. Mrs. Marcus Richardson. Mrs. Mary B. J. Richart Mrs. Sallie Nelson Robins. Rear-Admiral F. A. Roe, U. S. Navy. Maj. Joseph G. Rosengarten. Mr. Julius F. Sachse. Mr. David Schenck, LL. D. Mr. L. D. Scisco. Mons. Robert Seton, D. D. Mr. S. M. Sener. Miss Helen Everston Smith. Mrs. Mary Stuart Smith. Col. A. Louden Snowden. Mr. A. R. M. Spaid. Col. Clifford Stanley Sims. Mrs. Mary Lardner Starr. Mr. John Austin Stevens. Mr. H. B. Stimpson. Mr. Henry Stockbridge. Gen. William S. Stryker. Miss Mary K. Talcott. Mr. Clarence W. Taylor. Mr. Charles Burr Todd. Miss Louise Tracy. Mr. Edward Trenchard. Miss Jessica G. Tyler. Mrs. James Van Voast. Mrs. Adelaide C. Waldron. Mr. Hiram Walworth. Mr. J. D. Warfield. Mr. Walter Kendall Watkins. Mrs. Alethia H. Weatherby. Miss Anne Hollingsworth Wharton. Mrs. Alfred WheleVi. Mrs Joshua Wilbour. Gen. James Grant Wilson, D. C. L. Miss Josephine St. F. Wittichen. Mrs. Mary B. Woodworth. Mr. Eugene Zieber. TO MEMBERS OF THE PATRIOTIC-HEREDITARY AND HISTORICAL SOCIETIES. The American Historical Register, is the only monthly magazine which is devoted exclusively to American historical matters in general and to the curiosities, autographs, book plates, antiquities and rare portraits and unprinted literature of American history, that prints the proceedings and current news of all the American patriotic associations, whose membership is hereditary, and for this reason it occupies a somewhat unique position in the field of monthly literature. The contributors to the literary matter of The American Historical Register are the most eminent of American writers and biographers and genealogists interested in American patriotic ancestry. They furnish us with entertaining articles upon colonial and Revolutionary history, as well as the general or more recent history of our country. The articles are handsomely embellished whenever necessary with illustrations of historical significance and with rare and valuable portraits. With the first number we began the Autograph Collector's Enchi ridion, or guide, for those interested in the study and preservation of original letters and documents, which we intend to be a safeguard against spurious letters and documents. In every number in this department we are now printing a rare portrait and fac-simile of a letter of the Major- Generals of the Continental army. It is intended to conduct this American historical monthly in a spirited manner and very much on the lines followed by the long-established, suc cessful popular monthlies. As it is not intended that The American His torical Register shall be a " popular magazine " nor a commercial ven ture, in the sense the great monthlies are, it is necessary that the annual sub scription charge be at such a rate (#3.00) as will insure the best subject matter, materials and manufacturing and keep up a high standard of excellence. The Historical Register is generally historical, biographical and genealogical in its scope — topics interesting to the educated and cultured — and a literary exchange and repository for American historical students, with the addition of the following most important features : It is intended that this American historical monthly will be the means of inquiry and communication between the members of various American patriotic asso7 ciations which are not secret nor beneficial orders, but whose membership is hereditary ; to chronicle their proceedings and to preserve in its pages matters of historical value and of personal interest to their members, hence the Historical Register was given the sub-title — " Monthly Gazette of the Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States of America." This American historical monthly represents no individual association. It seeks the support of all. Each one which sends reports of its proceedings and celebrations will be accorded an impartial part of the space set apart for such matters. Nor does it represent any particular section of the United States. The Historical Register is conducted by an editor-in-chief and the interests of each of the hereditary societies are looked after by a member of that society, who is an honorary associate editor. It is the authorized official gazette of many of the patriotic bodies. The Historical Register Publishing Co. (the incorporators, officers and directors being members of the American patriotic societies) was organized and incorporated especially to publish this historical monthly. In order that the members of all the Patriotic-Hereditary Societies may feel an individual interest in the welfare of the Historical Register, and have an ownership in its publication fund, a limited number of the shares of stock of the Historical Register Publishing Co., price $5, full paid and non-assessable, have been set aside by the Board of Directors for them. Further information as to this matter will be supplied by the Treasurer upon application, and stockholders are particularly invited to contribute articles they may consider of interest for publication. The annual subscription price to The American Historical Regis ter is three dollars ($3.00), invariably in advance, and 35 cents for any single number. Postmasters, booksellers and news agents receive sub scriptions to the Historical Register. Always renew your subscription two months before it expires. Checks, etc., should be made payable to the order of "The Historical Register Publishing Company." Address all business communications and remittances : The Treasurer, The Historical Register Co., 120 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia. Respectfully yours, EDWARD CLINTON LEE, Member of Society- of the Colonial Wars, Society of the War oj 1812, New England Society, Sons of the Revolution, Society of " Mayflower" Descendants, The Huguenot Society of America, etc., President of The Historical Register Publishing Company. July 1, 1895. SUBSCRIPTION BLANK. Inclosed find $ for year subscription to THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL REGISTER AND Monthly Gazette of the Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States of America. Please mail same, postage prepaid, beginning with number, to The American Historical Register. SCHOOLS AND GOLLEGES. ACADEMICAL AND PREPARATORY (Girls). Canada, Toronto. Loretto Abbey, Wellington Place. This Institution for the EDUCATION OF YOUNG LADIES is conveniently situated near the business part of the city, yet sufficiently remote to secure the quiet and seclusion so conducive to study, combines the advantages of the city with those of the country, having the full benefit of the PURE AIR OF THE LAKE, whilst it is both sheltered and ornamented by a beautiful belt of forest trees surrounding the shrubbery. The Course of Instruction in this Academy com prises every branch suitable to the Education of Young Ladies. Modern Languages are taught by natives. The Studio is affiliated with the Government Art School. MUSIC, in its various branches, is assiduously cultivated and taught by accomplished and experienced teachers, whose system is modelled on that of the European Conservatories. Commercial Course, Stenography, Type Writing, etc. , taught to all the pupils who may desire it. Special Course for Pupils preparing for Matriculation. For further particulars address : LADY SUPERIOR. Connecticut, New Haven, 56 Hillhouse Ave. This School for Girls, on the most beautiful avenue of the " City of Elms," offers superior advantages in finishing course of study and college preparatory. Apply early. Mrs. and Miss Cady, Principals. Connecticut, Norwalk. Miss Baird's Institute for Girls. 44 miles from New York City. Primary and College Preparatory Classes. Music, Art, Languages. New buildings, steam heat, incandescent light, gymnasium. 23d year. Indiana, Fort Wayne. Westminster Seminary for Young Ladies. Home School. Music, Art. Thorough Education. Moderate charges. Send for illustrated catalogue. Massachusetts, Natick. Walnut Hill School. Seventeen miles from Boston. Students carefully prepared for Wellesley and other colleges. Number limited. Miss Charlotte H. Conant, \ p . . , Miss Florence Bigelow, / rrlnclPais- New Jersey, Bridgeton. Seven Gables School. Mrs. Westcott's Boarding School for girls. Certificate admits to Smith College. Special students received. Native French and German teachers. Gymnasium. Climate mild and dry. Sarah S. Westcott, Principal. New Jersey, Englewood (14 miles from New York). Dwight School for Girls. Seventh year. Principals, Miss Creighton, Miss Farrar. New Jersey, Lakewood. The Oaks. A Family School for Young Ladies and Girls. College preparation, or special course. Music, art, calisthenics. Resident native language teachers. Specialties, health and out-door life. Endorsed by leading physicians and educators. The Misses Farrington, Principals. The American Historical Register. SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. ACADEMICAL AND PREPARATORY (Boys). California, Belmont. Belmont School for Boys, In the foothills near San Francisco, is equipped and conducted as a fitting school for the best colleges and technical schools. It intends to meet the most exacting requirements of reasonable people re garding Christian influence, sound scholarship and physical well being. The climate and surround ings of Belmont and the equipment of the school make possible the highest development that has been planned for it. Its purpose is to stimulate its boys to a better intellectual, spiritual and physi cal life and leave them a heritage of pleasant memories. The Catalogue and Book of Views contain detailed information. W. T. Reid, A.M. (Harvard), Head Master. Connecticut, Fairfield Co., Brookfield Center. The Curtis School for Young Boys. $500. 20th year. My 60-page book tells what education means for a boy here. Development of character stands first with us. No new boy over thirteen. Frederick S. Curtis, Ph.B. (Yale '69). Connecticut, Stamford. Betts Academy. Prepares for technical schools, colleges or business. New building, with modern appointments. Steam heat, electric light, gymnasium; shower baths; extensive grounds. Wm. J. Betts, M.A. (Yale), Principal. Illinois, Woodstock. Todd Seminary for Boys. An ideal home school, near Chicago. Forty-eighth year. Location healthful and beautiful. Instruction thorough, discipline firm and kind. Terms very moderate. Send for prospectus. Noble Hill, Principal. Massachusetts, Billerica. Mitchell's Boys' School, Eighteen miles from Boston, B. & L. R. R. ; strictly select family school ; $500 per year. Military. Only requisite for admission, good character. Special care and training to young boys. Fits for college, technology and business. Send for circular to M. C. Mitchell, Principal. Massachusetts, Barre. The Private Institution for Feeble- Minded Youth Offers exceptional advantages for this class. Classified School and Home. Two hundred and fifty acres. Send for circular. Geo. A. Brown, M. D., Superintendent. New York, Poughkeepsie. Riverview Academy. 60th year. Prepares thoroughly for college, the Government academies, and business. U. S. Army officer detailed at Riverview by Secretary of War. Bisbee & Amen, Principal. New York, Tarrytown-on-Hudson. Irving Institute for 40 Boys. Fortieth year. Re-opens September 19, 1895. Summer term. Class in Euro pean Study travels abroad this summer. J. M. Furman, A.M., Principal. New York, Staten Island, West New Brighton. St. Austin's School. Patron : Rt. Rev. H. C. Potter, D.D, Bishop of New York. Address, Rev. Geo. E. Quaile, M.A., Head Master. The American Historical Register. S6HOOLS AND GOLLEGES. ACADEMICAL AND PREPARATORY (Girls). New Jersey, Summit. The Kent Place School for Girls. All departments. Advantages of New York. Home comforts for boarding pupils. Principal, Miss Watts, late of The Cambridge School. The Summit School Co., Hamilton W. Mabie, President. New York, Clinton. Houghton Seminary For Young Women, affords best facilities for scholarship, culture and sound moral training, amid pleasant, healthful surroundings. College preparatory. A. G. Benedict, A. M. Virginia, Buena Vista. Young Ladies' College. Splendid buildings, all modern improvements. Grounds, 15 acres. Last term begins January 17, 1895. Send for catalogue to President, J. I. Miller, D. D. For the Library. NOW READY. The i^mericaq jfefcoric&I I^egi^ei1. Two Volumes handsomely bound in Cloth with Index in each: VOL. I, September, 1894, to February, 1895. VOL. II, March, 1895, to August, 1895. $2.50 each, postage paid. Should you return your magazines in good condition (postage prepaid) to be bound the charge will be $1.00 per volume. Address The Historical Register Publishing Company, 120 South Sixth Street, Philadelphia. The American Historical Register. Tavist Co^pfflw 1340 Chestnut Street. CAPITAL, $500,000. Solicits Current Deposit Accounts from Indi viduals, Associations, Religious Organizations, Charitable Institutions, etc., allowing interest; Rents Safe Deposit Boxes in Burglar-Proof Vaults ; Executes Trusts of every description ; Collects Rents and takes charge and management of property ; Insures Titles to Real Estate and Mortgages. FRANK K. HIPPLE, President. WILLIAM R. PHILLER, Secretary. WILLIAM F. NORTH, Treasurer. GEORGE JUNKIN, Solicitor. THOS. B. PROSSER, Real Estate Officer. DIRECTORS. FRANK K. HIPPLE, GEORGE PHILLER, WILLIAM M. SINGERLY, WILLIAM W. PORTER, JOHN F. BETZ, JOHN H. CONVERSE, R. DALE BENSON, EDWARD P. BORDEN, CHARLES W. HENRY, WILLIAM A. PATTON, JOSEPH£deF. JUNKIN, S. WEIR MITCHELL, M. D. Jneignia of tl)c Socictn of tt)e (Cincinnati. American Historical Register OCTOBER, 1895 Sept. 5, 1824. Sept 6. LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES IN 1824-25.* {Continued from page 27.) On his return to New York, General Lafayette was informed that the Society of the Cincinnati intended to celebrate the next day, September 6, the anniver sary of his birth, and at the same time he received an invitation to dine with them. To-day, about four o'clock in the afternoon, a long file of venerable gentlemen, members of the Society of the Cincinnati, arrived at the hotel, preceded by a military band. The General was received into their ranks and an insignia of the Society which had been worn by General Washington, was attached to his coat. The old soldiers then marched to the hotel where they were to dine. Crowds filled the streets through which they passed slowly and many feebly. The banquet hall was adorned with trophies of arms and banners bearing the names of Revolutionary heroes who had lost their lives in the struggle for independence. Over the head of Lafayette was sprung an arch of laurels, in the centre of which was a large American eagle with a scroll in its beak bearing the words " Sep. 6, 1757," on its right a scroll bearing "Brandywine, 11 Sep., 1777," and on its left "Yorktown, 19 Oct., 1781." In the rear of the General's chair was planted * From information supplied by members of the Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. This illustrated account of the tour of the Nation's Guest was begun in our issue of July, 1895. 152 The American Historical Register. the grand standard of the Society, entwined with the national color of thirteen stripes. On the right was a shield bearing a rising sun ; on the left a shield with the New York State arms. In the centre of the room there was a splendid star, studded with others of less magnitude. From this star two broad pennants from the Franklin, 74, were crossed and carried to the four corners of the room. At the lower end of the room s. van rensselaer. was the transparency by Childs. Around the room were the sixty banners bearing names of deceased Continental army officers, and the regimental standard of the corps of Artillery and a number of trophies of our navy loaned by Captain Rogers and Lieutenant Goldsborough.* The feast was an enjoyable occa sion. Towards the close a grand trans parency exhibiting Washington and Lafayette, holding each other's hand standing before the altar of Liberty, receiving a civic wreath from the general lamb. hands of America, which caused a transport of joy in the assembly which was only interrupted by Gene ral Swartwout's reading the order of the day at Yorktown : Headquarters, Before York, Oct. 15, 1781- The Marquis de Lafayette's division will mount the trenches to-morrow. The Commander- in-Chief congratulates the allied army on the suc cess of the enterprize last evening, against the two important redoubts on the left of the enemy's work. lie requests the Baron Viomenil, who commanded the French Grenadiers, and the JOHN JAY, * From Frederick Butler's account of the tour of Lafayette. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 18 24.-25. 153 Marquis de Lafayette, who commanded the American Light Infantry, to accept his warmest acknowledgements, for the excellency of their disposition, and for their own gallant conduct on the occasion ; and lie begs them to present his thanks to every individual officer, and to the men of their re spective com mands, for the spirit and rapidity with which they advanced to the points of attack assigned to them, and for the admir able firmness with which they sup ported themselves under the fire of the enemy without returning a shot. The General re flects with the highest pleasure on the confidence which the troops of the two nations must have here after in each other; assured of mutual support, he is con vinced there is no danger which they will not cheerfully encounter, no dif ficulties which they will not bravely overcome. "Prolonged applause fol lowed the reading of this order, and then amidst cheering the gallant veteran, General Lamb, sang a ballad composed in 1792 during the imprisonment of Lafayette 154 The American Historical Register. A LAFAYETTE MEDAL. in the Austrian dungeon. The night was far spent when the old gentlemen went their several ways home." From the transactions of the New York State Society of the Cincinnati : The special meeting and banquet of the New York State Society was held, agreeable to public notice, on September 6, 1824, at Washington Hall, for the purpose of paying tribute of respect to Lafayette which his services, during and since our glorious Revolution, justly entitle him. The members present at the banquet were : The president, Col. Richard Yarick ; the vice-president, Col. Morgan Lewis ; the treasurer, Capt. J heodosius Fowler ; Lieut. Jonas Addoms, Lieut. Lebbeus Loomis, Capt. Leonard Bleecker, Ensign Jedid ah Waterman, Lieut. William Torrey, Lieut. William Walter Morris, Lieut. - Col. Lewis Morris, Capt. Henry Tiebout, Maj. Nicholas Fish, Lieut. Samuel NORTH END OF THE CITY HALL PARE. RUFUS KING. 156 The American Historical Register. Cooper, Lieut. -Col. Robert Troup, Lieut. Abijah Hammond, Lieut. William Leay- croft, Col. Simeon DeWitt, Col. Philip Van Corflandt, Lieut. Abraham Leggett, Dr. John R. B. Rodgers, Lieut. Bezaleel Howe, Maj. Richard Piatt, Capt. James Brewster, Capt. Ebenezer Macomber, Maj. Mathew Clarkson, Dr. James David son, Capt. William Popham, Capt. Peter Taulman, Capt. Daniel Kemper, Capt. Nathaniel Norton, Capt Charles Graham, and the following hereditary members : John J. Plume, Horatio G. Stevens, Henry S. Dodge, Anthony Lamb, Brig- ham Howe, John L. C. Hardy and Alex ander Hamilton, and Stephen Van Rens selaer and Jacob Morton, honorary members. In the morning Lafayette had visited Columbia College, accompanied by the Mayor and City Committee and Colonel Fish. He was received and addressed by President Harris in the room of the college library. Lafayette paid a visit in the rain to Fort La fayette escorted by some mem bers of the Cincinnati and the West Point Military Band (Wil lis, leader), on the steamboat Chancellor Livingston. He was escorted on shore by Colonels Maccrea and Bankhead and was received by the commandant, Brevet-Major William Gates, captain 2d Artillery, and the officers who entertained him handsomely. The dinner was a grand military event and a memorable occasion since it brought together many officers of two wars with England and the youngest army officers. Colonel Maccrea presided with Lafayette on his right, and Colonel Bankhead sat at the foot of the table with George W. Lafayette. Sept. 7. SWORD PRESENTED TO LAFAYETTE BY THE QTH REGIMENT NEW YORK STATE ARTILLERY. LIEUTENANT JAMES FAIRLIE. i58 The American Historical Register. JOHN LANSING. Sept. 9. To-day he took affec tionate leave of Captain Allyn, who had brought him over in the Cadmus and was about returning to Havre, and presented him with a superb writing ^ desk and to his chief flip mate, Daniel Chadwick, a case of silver-mounted mathematical instruments. In the evening he at tended two theatres which were made gala occasions, and the following day he rested quietly at his hotel or spent his leisure hours at homes of his old companions in arms. To-day the General was present at a grand oratorio performed by the Choral Society at St. Paul's Church. On his entrance the audience rose and the choir struck up the animating air of " See, The Conquering Hero Comes." The Marseilles Hymn was also performed in full chorus, and the effect was mentioned in a paper of the day as " grand be yond description." From the church the General proceeded in his carriage, attended by an immense crowd, to the park in front of the City Hall, for the purpose of examin ing the forty-six fire en gines, reviewing the differ ent companies of firemen, and witnessing a grand display of their united power. The whole of the park, the steps of the City Hall, and the windows of Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 18 24.-25. 159 the houses on all sides fronting upon the green, were crowded with people. The General was received on the platform amidst the enthusiastic cheers of the multitude, and was addressed by Mr. Benjamin Brown, on behalf of the fire department. The General then spent a few El moments in the ,jKS3£' _ * J Recorder'sroom, where he received the congratulations of several distinguishedvisitors, and then proceeded to view the dif- erent engines and fire com panies. After the review he returned to the City Hall, and o shortly made P his appearance g> on the portico • with the chief engineer, Thos. Franklin, and many ladies and gentlemen. His appearance was announced by a universal shout. On Friday Lafayette was introduced by the trustees of ept IO' the New York Free School Society, to their school in Greenwich. Here he was presented with a certificate of member ship, conferred on him by a vote of the Society. Immediately on his entrance he was addressed by Leonard Bleecker, Esq., i6o The American Historical Register. vice-president of the institution. The General re plied in a short and appropriate manner, when an ode, composed for the occasion, was recited by the children. At school No 3, corner of Hud son and Grove streets, Priscilla H. Mead, one of the school girls (the mother of James H. Townsend, of New York), recited a piece and was presented with' a medal by La fayette, which is still retained in her family and much prized. The General then proceeded to the room occupied by the boys, when a lad about eleven years of age delivered an ad- j „ U- U J WASHINGTON HALL, NEW YORK CITY. dress, which appeared highly gratifying to the General. After witnessing the exercises of the scholars, the General, accompanied by the trustees, com mittee of the cor poration and a number of citi zens, proceeded to the African Free School in Mul berry street. He was here pre sented with the following extract from the minutes : Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 161 New York, August 28, 1788. — At a meeting of the New York Manumission Society, it was, on motion, resolved, That the Marquis De Lafayette, Grenville Sharpe and Thomas Clarkson be notified by the president of this Society, John Jay, they have been unanimously elected honorary members of this institution. John Murray, Jr., Secretary. These ceremonies being ended, the 9th regiment, New York State Artillery,* assembled on its parade ground, in Cham- CAPTAIN WILLIAM POPHAM. bers street, for the purpose of presenting to General Lafayette an elegant gold-mounted sword, manufactured in New York, by William H. Miller, Broadway, near Canal street, which the officers of the regiment had had made for him, pursuant to the following regimental orders : New York, September 7, 1824. Major-General Lafayette having signified his willingness to accept the sword * This regiment exists as the o.fh regiment N. Y. S. N. G. ,62 The American Historical Register. an _..d belt which the officers have had prepared for him, as a small token of the esteem in which he is held by them for his private worth and distinguished services during the war which gave independence to our country ; the regiment is hereby directed to assemble on their parade ground, Chambers street, on Friday next the ioth inst., at 2 o'clock, P. M., for the purpose of presenting the sword to the General, and to GENERAL W1NFIELD SCOTT. have the honor of escorting him from his quarters to the residence of General Nicholas Fish. On this interesting occasion a general and punctual attendance is expected. By Order of Ai.f.x. M. Ml'iR, Col. Commanding glh Rcgt., iV. Y. S. Arty. Wm. Stayi.ky, Ad/iitant. The sword was presented to the General in front of his quarters at four o'clock, by Colonel Alexander M. Muir, Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 1 63 commander of the regiment. In performing this very pleasing office, Colonel Muir delivered the following address : General : — The officers of the 9th regiment N. Y. S. Artillery, anxious to mani fest, in common with their fellow citizens, their esteem for you, as the champion of their country — the associate and friend of Washington — have deputed me to present to you this sword, the belt and mounting of which being exclusively of the manufac ture of this city. COLONEL PHILIP VAN CORTLANDT. It is unnecessary to repeat the many signal services which you have rendered to this country ; it does not comport with the character of soldiers to multiply words or expressions — it is sufficient for them to know that you were always to be found in the front rank of those who shed their blood and expended their treasure in the glorious cause of Liberty during that eventful time which tried men's souls. These services are not forgotten by a grateful posterity — they are engraven on the hearts of a free people, by whom you will ever be remembered as the illustrious benefactor of these United States. 164 The American Historical Register. May your declining days be as happy as your youthful and maturer ones have been useful and glorious, and your name ever be associated with liberty, free dom and benevolence. Permit me, General, to add my personal wishes for your health and happiness, and to assure you that I shall consider the circumstance of having been chosen as the organ of the officers whom I have the honor to command, to present this sword as one of the most agreeable and interesting of my life. The General kindly accepted the sword, and in so doing made the following reply: With the highest plea sure and gratitude, I re ceive this most valuable present, from a distin guished corps of citizen soldiers, every one of whom knows that swords have been given to men to defend liberty where it exists, to conquer it when it has been invaded by crowned and privileged usurpers. Accept, dear Colonel, and let all the officers and soldiers of your corps accept, my most affec tionate thanks. The following was the inscription on the sword : Presented to Major- General Lafayette by Colonel Alexander M. Muir, in behalf of the officers of the Ninth Regiment, N.Y. S. Artil lery, 10 Sept., 1834, as a small token of the esteem in which he is held by them for his private worth, and distinguished services dining the war which gave independence to the United States. The belt was of exquisite workmanship, richly embroidered with gold. On it was inscribed in silver embroidery, " L. '76 F." The plate was large and sufficiently elegant to correspond. The Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 165 groundwork of the plate was occupied with appropriate military devices, and around these were the four following inscriptions : The Marquis De Lafayette, Born in France, 6th Sept., 1757. Joined the American Army of the Revolution as a volunteer, and was wounded at the Battle of Brandywine, 11 Sept., 1777. COLONEL RICHARD VARICK. Commanded the Army in Virginia during the campaign of 1781, and was at the attack at Yorktown, 19th Oct., 1781. Re-visits the U. S. of America on an invitation from Congress, and landed at New York August 16th, 1824. After this pleasant episode Lafayette was escorted by the regi ment to the residence of Colonel Nicholas Fish, now known 1 66 The American Historical Register. Sept. II. PARK THEATRE, NEW YORK CITY. badges. In the evening he French citizens residing in Chegary, Diaz and Cheviolet given at Washington Hall, then one of the most spacious and ele gant saloons in the city, to celebrate the forty-seventh anniver sary of the battle of Brandywine. At this banquet one of the most novel decorations of the table was a mini ature of the new canal traversing the State of New York, uniting Lake Erie and the At lantic. This miniature of the canal was sixty feet long and several as No. 21 Stuyvesant street (in 1824 it was in the midst of a large, beautiful gar den), where he dined and spent the evening. To-day La fayette and his son were present at a Masonic celebra tion of Knights Tem plar, who admitted them to their encamp ment and conferred upon them the high est honors, on which they presented them with richly wrought dinner given by the attended a New York, M. Monneron presiding among them Messrs. It was ST. PATRICK'S R. C. CHURCH, NEW YORK CITY. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 167 inches deep, filled with wa ter, and the banks were sodded. The bridges,locks,towns, etc., were all indi cated pro perly. On SeptI4- Wed- nesday even ing the Gene ral attended a fete at Cas tle Garden, which, for splendor and magnificence has not been surpassed by anything of the kind in this country. MRS. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. MRS. ALEXANDER HAMILTON. A contemporary account says : " It was graced by all the beauty and fashion of the city of New York and vicinity, amounting to about six thousand per sons. The utmost har mony and good feeling reigned on the occasion, and every person present apparently experienced the greatest pleasure and delight. " Immediately in front of the gate which forms i68 The American Historical Register. the first entrance to the garden was erected a pyramid, of the height of seventy-five feet, brilliantly illuminated, and surmounted by a double triangle, likewise illuminated, presenting the appear ance of a star encircling the letter F. The bridge leading to the Castle, which stands off from the Battery into the bay 250 feet, was this evening an immense covered way, carpeted the entire distance, hung with numerous lamps, and decorated with ever green. Through this magnificent entrance the company found their way into the interior of the garden. " The Castle, which is a circle, and covers a surface of about 600 feet, was YIF.W IN MURRAY ST., NEW YORK CITY, 1824. inclosed with an awning, at an altitude of 75 feet, the dome of which was supported in the centre by a column dressed with pale blue and white, the colors of the Society of the Cincinnati, and inscribed with the names of men immortalized with that of Lafayette in the cause of freedom. This column was encircled with an immense cut glass chandelier, composed of thirteen separate ones, representing the thirteen original States ; while it formed at its summit the centre whence hung the flags, signals and standards of various nations looped and festooned with much good taste, making a covering for the Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 1 69 company and a splendid military and naval dress for the coarser canopy above. " The roof was supported by thirteen transparent columns, capped with a circle of light, and based with the armorial insig nia of the several States under a shield of the Union, to denote their dependence on the same, and richly flanked with a falling drapery. Between the columns were to be seen the names of the original States, in gilded letters, encircled by laurel wreaths, and suspended between American ensigns and a profusion of striped bunting. SCHUYLER MANSION, ALBANY, N. Y. " The General made his appearance about ten o'clock. Im mediately the dance and the song was at an end. The military band struck up a military air, and Lafayette was conducted through a column of ladies and gentlemen to a splendid pavilion, immediately opposite to the great entrance. Not a word was spoken of gratulation, so profound and respectful and intellec tual was the interest which his presence excited ; nothing but a subdued and universal clap broke the general silence, and that but for a moment. 170 The American Historical Register. " The interior of the pavilion, which was composed of white cambric, festooned and otherwise varied with sky blue, and sur mounted with an American eagle over the letter F, was richly furnished. Among other interesting objects was a bust of Ham ilton, placed upon a Corinthian pillar, and illuminated with a beautiful lamp " But the most interesting of all the exhibitions were thqse presented in front of the pavilion, and seen from it, immediately over the entrance to the garden. A triumphal arch, of about ninety feet space, adorned with laurel, oak and festoons of flags, was seen, based upon pillars of cannon, fifteen feet high. A bust of Washington, supported by a golden eagle, was placed over the arch, as the presiding deity. Within the arch was a painting, nearly twenty-five feet square, of a fine colossal figure, represent ing the Genius of our country rising in her native majesty and strength, supported by the American eagle, and exhibiting a scroll inscribed to Fayette, with the words : ' Honored be the faithful Patriot.' " Soon after the General entered the painting just alluded to was slowly raised, which exhibited to the audience a beautiful transparency representing La Grange, the mansion of Lafayette. The effect was as complete as the view was unexpected and imposing." Lafayette and a large party of invited guests among them Colonel Hugar, of South Carolina; General Morton, Colonel Piatt, the Misses Wright, Colonel Varick, Governor Johnson, of Louisiana; Mrs. Lewis, of Virginia ; Colonel Alexander Hamilton, etc., went from the ball on board the steamboat fames Kent, chartered by the committee appointed by the city of New York to take the nation's guest up the Hudson. So many ladies went that the gentlemen were obliged to sleep on the deck, although the boat contained eighty beds. Lafayette shared his state room with General Lewis and Colonel Fish. The boat, gay with flags, in command of Commodore Wiswall started up the river at 2. A. M. After breakfast a group ol Revolutionary heroes gath ered about Lafayette and talked over the events that had taken place on the river, almost every part of which brought out some reminiscence, and the details of the stoiy of Arnold THE SOUTH BARRACKS. THE MESS HAI L. WEST POINT VIEWS. 172 The American Historical Register. GENERAL BROWN. and Andre were gone over in every part till West Point was reached amidst the booming of cannon. Post Order, No. 156. U. S. Military Academy, West Point, Sept. 14, 1824. The commanding officer having been advised that General La Fayette will visit this post to morrow, all academical exercises will be sus pended during the day. The General will be received on the Publick dock by the professors, teachers and military offi cers, and at the same time a national salute will be fired from the Battery at the Artillery Barracks. Immediately after the salute shall have been fired, the troops will parade for review in front of the Superintendent's quarters. At the General's departure he will be escorted to the dock by the officers and by the corps of cadets. By Order of Lieut.-Col. Thayer, L. J. D. Kinsley, Lieutenant and Acting Adjutant. Owing to the steamboat running aground off Tarrytown on Oyster Bank, in a very heavy fog, General Lafayette did not reach West Point until 12 o'clock noon. The trip to shore was quickly made by row-boats to the north dock. He was received by Colonel Thayer, the commander of the post, accompanied by Maj or- Generals Brown and Scott, with their respective suites, together with the officers and professors upon the station, under a salute of twenty-one guns from a detachment of Artillery posted upon the bluff, directly north of the old barracks. A landeau was in readiness to receive the General as he stepped ashore, and in it was the widow of his old friend, Colonel Hamilton. Lafayette with Mrs. Hamilton ascended the hill to the plain, followed by a long procession, consisting of members of the Cincinnati, the officers and professors of the sta tion, gentlemen from New York, and from the river towns above, delegates from the towns of Newburgh, Poughkeepsie, Cler mont, Hudson and Albany, etc. He was received on the plain by the corps of cadets, whom he reviewed. Among the cadets were many who became famous in later life : Alexander D. Bache, of Philadelphia, a celebrated engineer ; Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander H. Bowman, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; General Robert Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 173 Anderson, of Fort Sumter fame, General C. F. Smith, General W. Seawall, General Wm. R. Montgomery, General Albert Sidney Johnson, General S. P. H. Heintzelman, General A. J. Pleasanton, General E. B. Babbitt, Colonel N. C. Maccrae, Gen eral A. B. Eaton, General S. Casey, General E. K. Smith, General E. S. Sibley, General N. B. Buford, Colonel Thomas Worthington and General P. St. George Cooke. Many of the cadets who paraded that day for Lafayette lost their lives in the Mexican and in the civil war. They were all individually introduced to Lafayette by Major Worth. From the parade ground the General repaired, for a few moments, to the quarters of Generals Brown and Scott, at Mr. Cozzen's. At half past two, the General was conducted by Colonel Thayer to the library of the institution, whence he was con ducted to the mess-room of the cadets, which was elegantly fitted up for the occasion, and partook of a sumptuous dinner. Including the Cincinnati, Professors Percival, Douglas, Bernard, Ducomman and Gimbrede, of the Academy, and the corporation of New York, who accompanied General Lafayette on his route, upwards of four hundred persons sat down to the table. Colonel Thayer presided, assisted by Major Worth. General Lafayette and General Scott sat on Colonel Thayer's right, and General Brown ¦„--t i 'mdm?*?*™ \.._^% 9 Mff^ view of west point in 1824. 174 The American Historical Register. and Colonel Varick on his left. After the cloth was removed, many excellent toasts were drunk — among them, the following by Lafayette : The Military Academy of West Point — a school of liberty and equality — two inseparable sisters — the scientific bulwark of national defense ; a happy and most precious bond of national union. An old friend of their grandfather offers to them his admiration, his thanks, his blessing. At 6 o'clock the company rose from the table, and the General and his friends re-embarked on board of the James Kent LUTHER MARTIN. — the ladies returned to the city on another boat — and pro ceeded to Newburgh, which place he reached about twilight. On his arrival at Newburgh, where he had been expected since three o'clock, he was received bv the Committee of Arrange- ments, Messrs. Rose, Ruggles, Smith and Fisk, and a corps of Infantry, who were drawn up in martial array upon the wharf, by whom he was escorted under torchlightto the Orange Hotel, where he was received by the corporation of the village, and addresses 176 The American Historical Register. were made. He afterwards entered a carriage and passed through the principal streets of the village, which were decorated with arches bearing highly appropriate inscriptions, but there seems to be no evidence that Lafayette visited Washington's headquarters at this time* On his return to the Orange Hotel, an address was presented to him by Johannis Miller, Esq., presi dent of the Orange County Agricultural Society, in behalf of said society. He was then ushered into the grand saloon attached to Crawford's Hotel, where hundreds from the village and ad joining towns were presented to him. He then retired to rest for a few hours, and, at 1 1 o'clock, partook of an elegant supper which had been prepared by the inhabitants of the village. Dur ing this function a mob collected about the hotel which clamored so to see the hero he had to give the populace a reception in a public hall. At about 12 o'clock the General re-embarked on board of the steamboat James Kent, amid great enthusiasm, and retired to bed as soon as possible to get rest. Before daylight next morning Lafayette and party ' '" ' arrived off Poughkeepsie, where he met with a most flattering reception by the people, who had waited up all night for him. He was conducted from the landing by Thomas T. Oakley, General James Tallmadge, Judge Emott and Philo Ruggles, to a barouche, drawn by four white horses, and escorted by the military commanded by Maj or-General Brush and Colonel Cunningham and an immense body of citizens to the piazza in front of Mr. Forbes' house, and, after being introduced to the clergy and gentlemen attending, he was addressed by Colonel Henry A. Livingston, and the General returned a neat and feeling '¦¦'In 1824, my father who had served under Lafayette in the Revolutionary War, was invited to West Point to meet his old commander, and as my elder brother, c graduate of West Point, was then on duty there as instructor in Infantry tactics, I em braced the opportunity of paying him a visit and accompanied my father and had the pleasure of taking the hand of the great hero. I was then in my twentieth year. I also, with my father, went on board the steamer which conveyed Lafayette and his party up the river. On arriving at Newburgh, where he landed, he was greeted with the applause of thousands who had gathered there to meet him. The Dutch from the Shawangunk mountains and thirty miles around came in wagons and camped upon the streets and roads leading into the city. It is quite within the bounds of possibility that Lafayette made a short visit to the old Hasbrook mansion (Washington's headquarters). Horace Capron. Washington, Dec. 17; Nov., 1883 (Mag. Am. His., Vol. X,p. 521. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 177 reply. The officers were then presented, after which he pro ceeded to review the troops, and, on his return to the piazza, a procession was formed which proceeded to Myer's Poughkeepsie Hotel, where the General sat down to a sumptuous breakfast. On his return from the breakfast table he was attended to the steamboat with every possible mark of respect, and proceeded on his journey amidst the roar of artillery and the huzzas of thou sands. Passing rapidly up the river, he landed about twelve o'clock at the Staatsburgh dock near the residence of General Morgan Lewis, to whose hospitable mansion he and party were ' "Wf" ~^f^i VIEW IN ALBANY, N. Y., IN 1824. conducted in carriages and there partook of an elegant collation. After remaining an hour and a half, he took leave of General Lewis' family and embarked in order to continue his voyage to Albany.* On passing the seat of James Thompson, Esq., a rowboat came off bearing a large basket of peaches of enormous size for Lafayette with the compliments of Mr. Thompson. When the boat arrived off the Rhinebeck landing Colonel Henry Beekman Livingston came aboard from a rowboat. Lafayette was delighted to meet him again and received him with open arms and a kiss. The steamboat arrived at Clermont at about four o'clock in * Communicated by Miss Julia L. Delafield. 178 The American Historical Register. the afternoon, and came to anchor off the elegant mansion of Robert L. Livingston, Esq. (formerly the seat of Chancellor Livingston), a son-in-law of the Chancellor. On his landing, a salute was fired from a vessel in the stream, which was returned from a field-piece planted in a thick copse of trees upon the shore. The General then ascended the shore, and was con ducted by Generals Lewis and Fish to the mansion of Mr. Liv ingston, where he was received by that gentleman with the utmost courtesy and cordiality. From here the party walked a quarter of a mile north to the dower house of the Chancellor's mother, then occupied by Edward P. Livingston (also a son-in-law of the Chancellor), who joined the party at West Point. There they lunched, and the General received a number of persons who called to see him. Later in the day the General reviewed a regiment of the county militia, as it was drawn up in line on Mr. Robert L. Livingston's spacious lawn, north of his house The troops were without uniform, save that each of their hats had a brass plate fastened in front, and was surmounted by a plume. They were armed with the old flint-lock muskets, and did not look as dashing as the present-day National Guard, but were probably not less brave. At this moment a long procession of the ancient and honorable fraternity of Freemasons, consisting of a chapter of Royal Arch Masons, and the members of " Widow's Son Lodge," of Redhook, emerged from a grove, and, on being presented to the General, an address was delived by Palmer Cooke, Esq., worshipful master of the aforementioned lodge, to which the General made a reply. After the review Mr. Robert L. Livingston gave a dinner to the General and a number of other guests. At this time the steamboat Richmond, Captain William Wiswall, came down the river and anchored alongside the Kent, having on board Major- General Jacob Rutsen Van Rensselaer and suite, Brigadier- General Fleming and suite, Rufus Reed, mayor of Hudson ; Dr. Tallman, Colonel Strong, Colonel Edwards, with soldiers and music. In the evening the ball, the great event of the day, took place. Attached to the south of the house was a conservatory, about ninety feet long. The ball-room occupied the whole space Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 1 79 above this conservatory, except that taken up by a small room at either end, one of which was occupied by the distinguished guest. The ball was opened by General Lafayette, with Mrs. Mont- DE WITT CLINTON. gomery, widow of General Montgomery on his arm, walking twice around the ball-room. Among those present at the ball were General Morgan Lewis, General John Armstrong and Dr. Thomas Tilletson, of 1 80 The American Historical Register. Maryland (all of whom had married sisters of the Chancellor) and their families; Edward Livingston, of New Orleans; Walter Patterson, Captain Ridgely, U. S. Navy; Peter R. Livingston, A. Vanderpool, of Kinderhook. The ball was said to have been a great success, though the night was dark and rainy, and was talked of for a long time after. It was attended by all the country families for twenty miles around and by many guests from greater distances. Supper was served in the conservatory on a table so constructed as to permit the trunks of orange trees to come through it. and so to be decorated by the trees themselves throughout its whole extent. Mr. Livingston had to feed hundreds he had not counted upon. Lafayette retired from the ball at 10 o'clock, but the ball continued till 2 A. M * On the following morning Lafayette again proceeded on his way, and at about ten o'clock arrived at Cats- kill, where he was received with enthusiastic applause. Among others who greeted the General in this village was a group whose silver locks, furrowed features and tottering steps bespoke age and hard services, but they mustered strength and exertion enough to rush forward and grasp the quick-extended hand of their old commander. In this reverend band was one named Samuel Foster, who was a servant to Lafayette at the time he was wounded at the battle of Brandywine. The General remained but a short time and departed amidst the cheers of the populace, and at about twelve o'clock arrived at Hudson, and was conducted through several streets, over which triumphal arches had been erected, by Colonel Darling, marshal of the day, passing up Ferry to Warren street, stopping at Allen's Hotel, for a glass of wine, to the court house, where he was addressed by Mayor Reed. General Lafayette briefly replied to the address, after which the members of the Common Council were severally presented to him. A most interesting and affecting spectacle was presented when sixty-eight veterans of the Revolution, who had collected from different parts of the count}-, were presented ; and it so happened that several of them were officers, and many of them soldiers, who had served under Lafayette. Notwithstanding that they were admonished that the greatest haste was neces- * Communicated by Clermont Livingston, Esq. GENERAL ROBERT SWARTWOUT. 1 82 The American Historical Register. sary, yet everyone had something to say ; and, when they grasped his friendly hand, each seemed reluctant to release it. One of them came up with a sword in his hand, which, as he passed, he remarked " was given to him by the Marquis," at such a place, " in Rhode Island." Another, with a tear glistening in his eye, as he shook the hand of the General, observed : " You, sir, gave me the first guinea I ever had in my life. I shall never forget that." Lafayette again embarked on board of the James Kent amid every manifestation of gratitude and respect ; but, owing to unavoidable delays, he did not arrive at the Overslaugh until five o'clock. The consequence was that the arrangements of the Albany committee were considerably delayed. On landing at the Overslaugh the General was conducted to a landeau drawn by four white horses, and carriages were in readiness for the gentlemen accompanying him. A procession was then formed, which moved rapidly on to Greenbush, escorted by a detachment of Horse, commanded by Major General Solomon Van Rensse laer, marshal of the day, assisted by Colonel Cooper. On arriving at the centre of the village the General was conducted to a mar quee, erected beneath an arch, where he was received by the members of the corporation, who welcomed him with an appro priate address ; after which refreshments were served and the procession moved on. Night was now rapidly setting in ; and, owing to the delay at the ferry, for the want of a sufficient num ber of boats, it was quite dark when the General landed in Albany. A large team-boat, called Horse's Back, took the General in his carriage and his escort across the river. It was, however, easy to discern that the preparations for the event had been extensive, and that a prodigious assemblage of people were yet impatiently awaiting his approach. He was welcomed, in behalf of the citizens, by Stephen Lush, Esq., one of the oldest and most respectable of the inhabitants at Albany, who rode in the carriage with him. A large detachment of troops were on duty. On entering the city the procession passed under an arch, inscribed, " The Hero is Welcome." At the junction of Church and South Market streets stood another arch, large and beautiful, inscribed : "WE REMEMBER THY DEEDS. WE REVERE THY WORTH. WE LOVE THY VIRTUES." HSKrzoaoG n 1 84 The American Historical Register. At the foot of Beaver street, near the museum, stood a third stupendous arch, displaying, by its festoons and the disposition and variety of flowers interwoven with evergreens, much beauty in itself and taste in the ladies whose delicate fingers had formed and ornamented it. On entering the foot of State street, on the site of the old Dutch Church, stood a temple, richly ornamented, around the pillars of which the ivy was gracefully entwined. On the top of the temple stood a large, living eagle, who, appa rently, proudly flapped his wings as the chieftain passed. Many of the houses were illuminated, among which were the Capitol and the whole block of Greogry's buildings, including the houses of Chancellor Sanford, Mr. Gregory, Isaac Hamilton, Esq., and GREGORY'S EAGLE HOTEL, ALBANY, N. Y. the extensive establishment of Mr. Cruttenden. On the front of the latter was a transparency, executed by Inman, of Albany, representing the reception of General Lafayette by the Genius of Liberty, who proffers him a scroll ; and in the background was seen the ship Cadmus, in which he made his passage from France. On alighting at the Capitol, the General was conducted to the Senate Chamber, where he was received by Ambrose Spencer, mayor of the city, and the members of the corporation. The members of the Common Council, and those friends who had been specially invited, having been introduced, the General was then conducted to the Governor's apartment, where he was GENERAL MORGAN LEWIS. 1 86 The American Historical Register. received by His Excellency, Governor Joseph C. Yates, who made an affectionate address, which was answered by General Lafayette as follows: Sir : — The kind welcome you are pleased to express in behalf of the free and happy citizens of the State of New York, is an additional claim to my gratitude towards them, and a particular obligation conferred upon me by their respected chief magistrate. The inexpressible feelings, which the presence of my Revolutionary companions and the affection and esteem of the succeeding generations could not fail to excite, mingle in my heart with the delight I enjoy from the sight of the wonderful improve ments, superior to the most sanguine anticipations, which, in the space of forty years, have so clearly evinced the power of enlightened patriotism under republican institutions. I beg your excellency to accept my affectionate and respectful acknowledgements. The suite of the Governor having been presented to the General, together with His Excellency's particular friends, he was conducted from the Capitol to the residence of Matthew Gregory,. Esq. (who mounted the ramparts with Lafayette, Olney and Hamilton at Yorktown), where many of the most distinguished gentlemen of the city, and State were assembled to pay him their respects. Among them were Governor Dewitt Clinton, the Chancellor and Judges of the Supreme Court, the Lieutenant- Governor, and the principal officers of State, etc., etc. After- remaining here for the space of an hour, the General was attended to his lodgings prepared for him at Cruttenden's and where a. rich and bountiful supper was spread for the^ corporation and its guests. Mayor Spencer presided at this entertainment, assisted by Alderman Van Ingen ;. and a number of toasts were drunk. After remaining a short time'ih the drawing-room, the General, accom panied by the distinguished gentlemen before-mentioned (excepting ex-Governor Dewitt Clinton, who did not attend in* consequence of the recent death of his son), repaired to the asjsembly chamber of the Capitol, which was echoing to the music and the dance of a splendid ball given in honor of the " Nation's Guest." General Lafayette stayed but about an hour amidst this scene of pleasure and gaiety, during which time the ladies and gentlemen moved in procession before him, and were severally honored with an introduction. At i o'clock he retired to obtain that repose which the incessant fatigues of the week must have- COMFORT SANDS. 1 88 The American Historical Register. rendered not only desirable, but highly necessary to a stout gen tleman sixty-seven years old. The ball was concluded at i o'clock by a supper, served up in the area of the Capitol by Mr. Cruttenden. On Saturday morning the General rose in excellent health and spirits, at an early hour ; and as the arrangements for the day required that no time should be lost, the calls of gen tlemen commenced at a most unfashionable time. Among other gentlemen, ex-Governor Clinton called, pursuant to a request from the New York Literary and Philosophical Society, of which Sep. it OLD STATE HOUSE, ALBANY, N. Y. he was president, to present the General with a diploma of membership. The General's situation rendering it necessary that no time should be lost he was escorted by the military, saluted by can non on the hill near the seat of Elias Kane, and the " old Clinton field- piece," to the canal, and going on board of one of the five boats prepared for the voyage, accompanied by a crowd of Albany people, at about 8 o'clock stopped at the Gib- bonsville arsenal commanded by Major Dalliba. At Troy the party landed at noon on a platform, erected and carpeted for the occasion, when the national salute was fired. The ABIJAH HAMMOND. tqo The American Historical Register. General was received by a deputation of the citizens consist ing of Messrs. Tibbitts, Russell, Mallory, Dickenson, Cush- man, Paine and others, by the former of whom he was presented with an address. A procession was then formed and proceeded through several of the principal streets — the General riding as usual in an open carriage, attended by Colonel Derick Lane— to the Troy House, kept by Mr. Titus. On arriving there, he was received by the Common Council of the city, and an address was delivered to him by Mr. Recorder Clowes. The concourse of people was great, and such was the anxiety to see the illustrious visitor, that he went out upon the piazza, and gratified the multitude as long as his time would allow. The piazza was handsomely adorned with festoons of evergreens and roses, and in the centre was perched a large eagle, with a minia ture of Lafayette upon his neck. While standing there, a deputation from the Troy Royal Arch Chapter of Masons, were introduced to him. They came with a request that he would favor the Chapter, then in session in the tabernacle above, with the honor of a visit. The request was immediately assented to ; and he was received, together with his son, with masonic honors. On being conducted to the east, an address was delivered by Companion David Buel. The officers and members having been severally presented, the General retired to the dining-hall below, where a cold colla tion was handsomely and bountifully provided. While enjoying this breakfast word was brought to the General that the ladies of the town would like to meet him at the young ladies seminary. The General, prompt in his movements, together with the gentle men of the party, repaired to the seminary piloted by Mrs. Willard. On arriving at the gate of the institution, an arbor of evergreen, which, like Jonah's gourd, sprang up in a night, was found to extend the whole distance to the building about 200 feet. At the entrance of this arbor, was the following inscription : " America commands her daughters to welcome their deliverer, Lafayette." At this place the General was met by the committee of arrangements, and Mrs. Colonel Pawling pronounced the address. On entering the institution, the General was presented by Mrs. Willard to the principals, and afterwards the pupils were presented by her, for which purpose they were arranged in two Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 191 lines along the hall leading directly from the arbor. Two of the pupils, daughters of Richard Skinner, the governor of Ver mont, and Governor Cass, of Michigan, then advanced and presented a poem, entitled "Lafayette is Welcome," and writ ten for the occasion by the principal, Mrs. Willard. These lines were after wards, by particular request, sung with great sweetness and pathos, by Miss Eli za Smith, of Worces ter, Mass., in the choruses of which the young ladies joined. The General was much affected, and at the close of the sing ing, with eyes suffused in tears, he said : " I cannot express what I feel on this occasion; but will you, madam, present me with three copies of those lines, to be given by me, as from you, to my three daughters." It is wholly unnecessary to add that the request was complied with. A copy of Mrs. Willard's treatise upon female education, elegantly bound, was then pre sented to him by Jane Lincoln, a little miss six years old. The General then retired, and was conducted by the committee of arrangements back, through the arbor, along the sides of which the pupils had arranged themselves in close order to the number of about 200. Owing to the lateness of the day the General was compelled to relinquish his visit to Lansingburg, etc., and return to Albany. Before leaving Troy he called on Miss Taylor with whose family COLONEL NICHOLAS FISH. 192 The American Historical Register. RESIDENCE OF COLONEL FISH. ner and left at 2 P. M. At 7 he was connected during the war. The return trip was made by land and visits were made to Governor Yates and ex- Governor Clin- ton. On reaching town Lafayette was es corted as before, but through differ ent streets, back to his lodgings, whence he was escorted by torch light to the steamboat J a mes Kent, when he em barked on his return to New York. Colon el Muir and Majors Henry and Webster were sent to New York by Governor Yates, as an escort representing the State. On Sunday Sep. 19. _ ' morning La fayette stopped at Redhook and vis ited Mrs. Montgom ery, widow of Gene ral Montgomery who was killed at Quebec, where he met many old friends at a sumptuous din- P. M. he landed at Fishkill EDWARD P. LIVINGSTON— 1779-1843. 194 The American Historical Register. and called on Mrs. Dewitt, by whom he was splendidly enter tained and met many old acquaintances. Lafayette arrived at New York, Cortlandt street wharf, about 3 o'clock on Monday morning, and in the evening he was present at a dinner given to him by his Masonic brethren of the Grand Sep. 20. Lodge of New York. F,or several days Lafayette remained in privacy at his quarters, accepting only invitations from old friends. On Thursday morning he was presented, in the presence of the Society of the Cincinnati, with a gold-headed cane which Franklin had bequeathed to Washington. Lafayette was also presented with $150, collected by the children of Catskill after he left the village, and was made a life director of the American Bible Society by his Catskill admirers. C. H. B. (To be continued!) GENERAL COMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU. BY JOSEPH G ROSENGARTEN. M. DE ST. SIMON. The present Marquis de Ro chambeau has kindly sent a capital photograph herein reproduced of the portrait of Washington pre sented by Washington to the Gene ral Comte de Rochambeau after his- return home. It was painted by Charles Wilson Peale, and shows the Father of his Country as he was no doubt seen by many of Rochambeau's companions and friends ; it is still placed on the walls of the room in which he died, in his chateau, and near it are preserved the unpublished private papers of Rochambeau — his public and official papers are now owned by the United States. The last letter in Doniol's work on the " Participation of the French in the American War of Independence," is one to Sir Henry Clinton, dated Williams- burgh, December 9, 1781, relative to exchange of prisoners, with the following postscript : When Lord Cornwallis and his army left York, he told me of his want of money, and I shared with pleasure the little money then left in our hands. The only condi tion I made was that it should be reimbursed by the military chest at New York. I mention this because it is not referred to in the despatches I have received on the- return of the Bonnetta. Mr. Balch says in his work, " The French in America," that Rochambeau wrote to de Grasse of the enterprise against Corn wallis in Chesapeake bay as his own personal plan, and to accomplish it, asked de Grasse to obtain from the governor of San Domingo, M. de Bouille, the loan for a few months of the troops of M. de St. Simon, and money. At that time the Vicomte de Noailles reported from Boston to Rochambeau at. Newport the arrival of a French man-of-war there, with recruits,. JEAN BAPTE. DONATIEN VIMEUR, COMTE DE ROCHAMBEAU. General Comte de Rochambeau. '97 artillery and money. Mr. Balch also gives us Rochambeau's account of his reconnoissance with Washington, near New York, when they both took a nap, were nearly cut off by the rising tide, and were obliged to be taken to the main land by boat. Again Mr. Balch tells us that Rochambeau carefully inspected the defenses of Philadelphia, on the Delaware, and on his arrival at Chester, found Washington waiting for him on the bank of the river, shaking his hat as a mark of satisfaction, and telling him that he had just learned from Baltimore of M. de Grasse's arrival COMTE DE GRASSE.* in Chesapeake bay with twenty-eight men-of-war and 3000 men, who were already landed and had joined Lafayette. Colonel William de Deux Pont writes in his " Journal," published by Dr. Green, of the Massachusetts Historical Society, " I was both surprised and touched by Washington's delight. Naturally cold and dignified, he was changed for the time by his thorough grati fication with the good news." Mr. Balch again tells us of Rochambeau's personal gallantry in examining the enemy's works at Yorktown, when Viomenil * Drawn from life by Mr. Miller, at the Royal Head, August, 17S2. CHARLES GRAVIEU, COMTE DE VERGENNES. General Comte de Rochambeau. 199 wanted to make an instant attack, the General, taking only his son with him, closely inspected the defenses, found them in good condition, renewed the fire of his batteries, and only on the next day made the assault, when the fruit was ripe and ready to fall. Mr. Balch tells us that one of the British guns, taken at York- town, presented to Rochambeau by Congress, is still preserved GENERAL LORD CORNWALLIS. at the Artillery Museum of Paris. He also adds that Congress gave two of them to M. de Grasse. Mr. Balch shows that it needed a strong hand at the head of the French officers, for they were jealous and quarrelsome, and Rochambeau showed firmness and marked ability in keep- «SI3Sl PORTRAIT OF WASHINGTON. BY CHARLES WILSON PK.VLE. Presented by General Washington to Comte dc l\ochambc< General Comte de Rochambeau. 201 ing peace among them, awarding praise where it was earned, and in Chastellux's case, punishing a serious infraction of military discipline, by a letter commenting unfavorably on his commander, by simply returning the letter to the writer, leaving him the opportunity of repentance and of earning his promotion by his services in the field. Mr. Baker's useful " Daily Itinerary of Washington " ena bles us to see just where Washington was and what he was doing each day — and in it we can see when and where Washing ton and Rochambeau were together. Mr. Tower's admirable account of Lafayette in the American Revolution shows that heroic man in the best days of his youth and brings him before us in vivid life. Of Rochambeau we have only the colorless official correspondence and the formal memoirs. What we need is a picture of the man himself, and his own familiar record of what he saw and thought of the new country and the people with whom he was thrown. A visit to his own home has sug gested this brief reference to it and to him, and I can only regret that the want of better original material still leaves so much to be desired for a better picture of the man and the soldier, to whom this country owes a great debt of gratitude. He and his son contributed largely to the success of the cause to which France gave them and such material help, and all we have given in return were the portrait of Washington that he himself presented to Rochambeau, still piously preserved at his chateau, and the two guns that are now represented only by little copies, and a deep sense of gratitude ; but all that we can gather from the official records is a very vague idea of the actual personality of the men themselves. It is to be hoped that what has been said here may lead to a more thorough search of the corre spondence still preserved at the old home of the Rochambeaus, and of other collections, not yet made accessible to the student, and that someone well equipped for the task may give us such a biography as will show us what manner of men were these two gallant French soldiers who contributed so largely to the success of the American War of Independence. Mr. Baker has given us Rochambeau's letter written at Newport, \ February 12th (old style), 1781, to Washington, in which he says : CHARLES-JOSEPH-HYACINTHE DE HOUX, MARQUIS DE VIOMENIL. General Comte de Rochambeau. 203 Yesterday (Sunday) was the anniversary of your Excellency's birthday. We have put off celebrating that holiday till to-day, by reason of the Lord' s day, and we will celebrate it with the sole regret that your Excellency be not a witness of the effusion and gladness of our hearts. The celebration consisted of a parade of the French troops, the firing of a salute, and in honor of the occasion, a suspension of further labors for the day. This is probably the earliest pub lic recognition of Washington's birthday. Washington answered from New Windsor on the Hudson acknowledging the flattering distinction. Mr. Baker's " Itinerary '' records the first meeting of Wash ington and Rochambeau, at Hartford, on September 21, 1780, and their second interview at Weathersfield, on May 21, 1781, after the return of the younger Rochambeau with the pleasant news that Count de Grasse had sailed from Brest with a strong squadron, escorting a convoy of transports, laden with supplies. Even more welcome was the intelligence that all the restrictions imposed upon the Count de Rochambeau by Sartine, the former minister of the Marine, had been removed, and full power given him to act as he thought best. It was then that Washington and Rochambeau, as the former recorded in his journal, fixed upon a plan of campaign, in substance as follows : " That the French land forces (except 200 men) should march, so soon as the squadron could sail from Boston, to the North river, and there, in conjunction with the Americans commence an operation against New York, or extend our views to the southward, as circumstances and a naval superiority might render more neces sary and eligible'' (sic). In accordance with this plan, the French army left Newport June 9th, and arrived near New York on July 3d, when Washington wrote Rochambeau fixing the 5th for a visit to his force. The next day the two bodies united, and Washing ton announced the fact in general orders. On the 7th Rocham beau reviewed the American army, and on the 8th Washington reviewed the two armies ; and two days later the French am bassador had another review. After that the whole force began its work, and Washington and Rochambeau were in close and constant association. On August 14th Washington recorded in his journal the receipt of despatches from Barras, announcing the intended departure of de Grasse with between twenty-five 204 The American Historical Register. and twenty-nine sail of the line and 3200 land troops for Chesa peake bay, and the plan to remove the French troops, and a detachment from the American army, to the Head of Elk, to be transported to Virginia, for the purpose of co operating with the force from the West Indies, against the troops in that State. The French force began to march on August 19th, and on the 22d Rochambeau visited West Point with Washington. On the 30th Washington and Rochambeau reached Philadelphia, and were received with great ceremony ; and on September 5th Washington records in his journal the news of the arrival of de Grasse in Chesapeake bay with twenty-eight sail of the line and four frigates, with 3000 land troops, which were to be debarked at Jamestown ; and on September 8th Washington and Rocham beau reached Baltimore, and on September ioth they were to gether at Mount Vernon. On the 17th they visited de Grasse; on the 28th the siege of Yorktown was begun. Washington and Rochambeau had their headquarters together. On October 12th Washington wrote to the president of Congress acknowledging the infinite obligations to the Comte de Rochambeau and the Mar quis de St. Simon, commanding the troops from the West Indies, adding : " The experience of many of these gentlemen, in the business before us, is of the utmost advantage in the present operation, and the greatest harmony prevails." Then on Friday, October 19th, when the surrender of Cornwallis took place, Ro chambeau was at the head of his force. There is of record Wash ington's letter from Philadelphia, on February 9th, 178 1, advising Rochambeau of the gift by Congress of two of the field pieces taken at Yorktown. On July 14th Rochambeau followed Washington in arriving in Philadelphia, where they joined in the celebration of the birthday of the Dauphin, and again conferred as to the movement of the French troops. They left Williamsburgh on June 23d, and Baltimore on August 27th, reaching King's Ferry, abo^e New York, on September 16th and 18th, and on the 19th formed a junction with the American army. On September 14th Rochambeau reviewed the American army at Verplanc's Point, and expressed his astonishment at their rapid progress in military skill and discipline. He said to Washington, as Thacher reports : " You must have formed an alliance with the King of Prussia ; these troops are Prussians." On September 20th Wash- General Comte de Rochambeau. 205 ington reviewed the French army, and on the 21st Rochambeau again inspected the American force. On October 22d the French army set out for Boston to embark for the West Indies ; and on December 7th Rochambeau joined Washington at Newburgh, and there bade him good-by on the 14th, going to Annapolis, whence he sailed for France on January nth, 1783, after bidding fare well to his own troops at Providence, R. I , turning the com mand over to Viomenil, who sailed from Boston with the army on December 24. From Newburgh Washington wrote to Ro chambeau that the Yorktown guns had been properly inscribed and forwarded, and Rochambeau writes at Annapolis, on January nth, his sincere acknowledgments. Finally, on May ioth, 1783, Washington bade farewell to Lauzun, who sailed on the 1 2th from the Capes of Delaware, with the last of Rochambeau's army, which had been left at Yorktown to remove the French artillery and stores. Thus closes the record of the actual per sonal relations of the two leaders. In Mr. Baker's " Washington After the Revolution," he quotes Mr. Mandrillon's report of Rochambeau's saying at table that, as he sat near Washington, he had never known what true glory was, nor a truly great man, until he (Rochambeau) became acquainted with Washington. This is almost the only unofficial and personal note of Ro chambeau's opinion and feeling. He and Washington corre sponded afterwards, and Washington's letters are printed in " Sparks " and " Ford ; " but they are rather formal, as was the fashion of letter-writing in that time. The growing sense of the value to France of the experience and training of French officers and soldiers of the expedition to America under Rochambeau, is well attested by the publication of Doniol's monumental work by the French government. It gives in fullest detail all the records from the French war office and State department, the material that was long hidden in French Archives, and thus enables students to study the actual reports and correspondence. Mr. Tower in his " Lafayette," has added fresh material from the records of the French Navy Department, and other sources, of great value and interest, but from Doniol he has been able to show the importance of the active part played by Vergennes in effecting the alliance which had such incalculable 206 The American Historical Register. results for the cause of American independence, while it enabled France to revenge itself for the injuries inflicted by its ancient enemy. There can be little doubt that it was Lafayette's energetic campaign in Virginia that led to Cornwallis taking position at Yorktown, and it is largely due to the excellence of the French engineers, the superiority of the French artillery, the presence of the French fleet, the gallant service of the French sailors, their good use of their heavy guns in the operation of the siege, that Yorktown was the scene of Cornwallis' surrender, with its abiding result in securing the peace of Versailles and the recogni tion of American independence. Surely we can never fail to pay honor to the leadership of Rochambeau, and we should try to keep alive the memory of the services rendered by him and the French officers, both of the army and navy, in the final suc cessful outcome of the war. Any tribute that we may now pay to him will be but a small part of the debt due to him who did the country such great service. We may well feel justified in asking for a complete and authentic biography of Rochambeau, that he may take his place in the growing series of those whom we desire to know for their services to the cause of American independence. It is natural that we should desire to learn every thing concerning the training of the French soldier who had borne his share in the great European struggle, and who con tributed so largely to make the American republic. Among thosewho served under Washington, Steuben, DeKalb and others had gained their knowledge of the military art in the school of the great German soldier, Frederic the Great, and brought valuable help to our untrained soldiers, fitting them for endurance and victory. Rochambeau brought a small, dis ciplined force, and with it Washington was enabled to steady his army and to supplement it by the artillery and engineers of the French force. Lafayette and Rochambeau are indeed two typical figures of the Frenchmen who helped to secure our inde pendence. Lafayette, young, ambitious, heroic, inspired with the hope of serving the cause of liberty in the New World, sacrific ing home and its attractions, a young and charming wife, his luxurious life, his post in the French army, to share the hardships of the Americans in a struggle that often seemed hopeless. General Comte de Rochambeau. 207 Rochambeau, an old, tried, experienced, distinguished soldier, trained under the best French leaders of his time, placed at the head of an expedition too small for its purpose, less indeed than he had at the outset suggested, still able to utilize it and all his resources to the best advantage, and at the critical moment secur ing the temporary loan of a portion of the French army and navy serving in the West Indies, thus making the force that besieged Yorktown large enough to ensure its surrender and the final success of the cause of America. There can never be a time when the United States will fail to be duly thankful to France, and Mr. Tower has done a real service by giving us a better knowledge of the actual influence exerted by Lafayette upon the government of France. At a time when public opinion was but a small factor in molding the acts of the governing class, Lafayette by his heroic adventure attracted universal attention to the cause of American liberty. Returning home after gallant service here, he was able to secure much-needed help, and magnanimously conceding the right of the older soldier to command, he gave him valuable information in the organization of the French allied force. There was no question of rivalry between the two men of such difference in age, in training, in position ; each did his part and we can now pay honor alike to Lafayette and Rochambeau. Mr. Tower has shown, with a wealth of evidence drawn from original and hitherto unused material, that to Lafayette is largely due the final decision of Vergennes and the French government to send a strong force to help the Americans in their struggle for independence. Young and ambitious he aspired to the com mand of the proposed expedition to be landed on the English coast, which was given to the older soldier, Rochambeau, and when Lafayette saw his earnest prayer for a French force to be sent to America granted, he again sought its command, but when it was refused naturally enough, he accepted a subordinate position and renewed his gallant services in the Continental army. Chosen by Washington as his representative and intermediary in arrang ing with Rochambeau for united action, his youthful zest was again rebuffed by Rochambeau's demand for a personal interview and consultation with Washington as to the plan of their campaign ; but still the younger soldier won the affection and 208 The American Historical Register. confidence of his elder brother in arms, and Lafayette's vigorous and successful conduct of his independent force in Virginia won the praise and applause of both Rochambeau and Washington. There is no difficulty in awarding to each of our French allies the full meed of credit due to them, and in doing justice to Lafayette for his heroic sacrifices in the cause of American in dependence, we do not in the least diminish the honor that belongs to Rochambeau for his admirable management of the force under his command, his prompt and ready subordination to Washington, his zeal in making the best use of his means for the common cause, and his share in the final victory of the war. TRADITIONS OF FORT JENKINS. BY MARY B. JENKINS RICHART. {Continued from page 36.) Lydia Gardner, wife of Judge Jenkins, a woman of Christian character, passed through the severe trials of those days with the same heroic fortitude common to the women of those times. It is related that she kept her Sabbath from sunset to sunset, a custom in early New England days. She returned from her seven years' exile in Goschen and lived some time with her son, Colonel John, but after the marriage of her son Thomas, she made her home with him. She died on the site of Fort Jenkins, October, 1804, and was buried in the Jenkins and Harding Cemetery by the side of her son Benjamin. What marvelous changes have taken place since that funereal day ; the wilderness has changed to the busy mart of men and the noise of the electric car has supplanted the robin's song and the whippoorwill's mournful cry. John and Lydia had one daughter, Amy (" Gertrude of Wyoming " in Campbell's poem), who married an Atherton and for second husband a Williams and removed to the West. Their estate in the valley was divided among four elder sons : John, Benjamin, Stephen and Thomas. The two younger sons, William and Wilkes, receiving their portion at New Town, a suburb of Elmira, N. Y. The ground occupied by the family cemetery was given by Judge Jenkins for a public burial place and was included in the portion allotted to his son Stephen. All of this tract of land in Wyoming is underlaid with four or more veins of anthracite coal and is of a value far out-measur ing anything dreamed of by the original owners. The beautiful and flourishing borough of West Pittston, often called " The Garden Village," and " The Garden of Luzerne," occupies the original Jenkins estate. Colonel John Jenkins, " The Patriot," the son of John and Lydia Jenkins, was born in New London, Conn., November 27, (0. S.) 1 75 1 . When eighteen years' of age, he came to Wyoming and was the assistant of his father in making all the surveys in 210 The American Historical Register. Westmoreland and succeeded him as surveyor-general and general agent for the Connecticut-Susquehanna Company. " He was by profession a lawyer, surveyor and conveyancer ; carried on large farming operations, iron smelting, etc.; was sheriff of Luzerne county, county commissioner, member of Assembly, held many local offices, for many years town clerk, supervisor, assessor, etc."* Colonel Jenkins was a lieutenant in the Revolutionary army and served during the continuance of that eventful conflict under the command of the Baron Steuben, and was so great an admirer of that nobleman that he named two of his grandchildren for him. He was in the battle of Yorktown and in twenty other engagements, and was a prisoner of war several times among the Indians. During the winter previous to the massacre he was a prisoner at Niagara where he suffered severe privations and witnessed the brutal sensuality practiced by the British officers and soldiers. The American officers made every effort in their power to procure an exchange for Lieutenant Jenkins, but the savages had such a high regard for his father that they would not exchange the son of so great a man for any but an Indian chief. At length there was to be an exchange of prisoners at Albany, N. Y., and Lieutenant Jenkins was to be exchanged for an old chief. The journey from Niagara to Albany was made on foot and when they arrived there it was learned that the old chief had died of smallpox. The Americans then offered any number of common Indians in exchange for Lieutenant Jenkins, but their efforts were unavailing as the son of Judge Jenkins must have only a chief in exchange for him. After the exchange of the others had been effected the Indians returned to Niagara with their one prisoner. Whisky had been obtained in Albany and every night when they halted, they would hold the most horrible revelries and their favorite amusement was tormenting their prisoner ; tying him to a tree they would throw their tomahawks at him and act as though they were going to kill him. During these orgies Lieutenant Jenkins observed that one young Indian was keeping sober and was befriending him. He would get up ¦s Harris Genealogy. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 2 1 1 games and races thus diverting the attention of the savages from their prisoner. Finally, one night Jenkins thought his hour for being murdered had come. The Indians were worse intoxicated and more evilly disposed than before and there seemed to be no possibility that his life would be longer spared. At last his tormentors fell into a drunken sleep and the young friend came to him, making signs to keep silence. He then loosed the cords with which the prisoner was bound and led the way through the deep forest. After a long time the Indian halted and told the prisoner to go home to his people, following the streams. He directed him to build a raft and to float down by night, but that he must not be on the water in daytime lest he should be seen and killed. He told him to gather roots and herbs and live upon them. He then opened his pouch of parched corn and dried venison and divided its scanty store with his liberated and grateful friend and left him. The directions of the friend were followed and the escaped prisoner after three long and suffering weeks reached his home at Fort Jenkins one month before the massacre. So emaciated was he from his privations that his own mother could not recognize him. Being on the verge of starvation, he was locked in a room with another man as nurse lest in his agony he should find and use food imprudently and he was allowed but a spoonful or two of nourishment at a time lest by indulgence after so severe a fast the consequences would be fatal. When the sufferer would plead for a little more food to assuage the pangs of hunger the good nurse would walk the floor in agonized sympathy while tears would roll down his face, but realizing the danger of yielding to the supplications of the patient, heroically denied him indulgence until danger was past. Whoever this kind nurse was, he has, no doubt, received a good reward for his faithful service. Ten days before the massacre Lieutenant Jenkins was married with Bethia Harris, by Rev. James Finn. The honeymoon of this marriage was clouded by rumors of an Indian invasion and the bridegroom hastened away to the defense of his home and joined the little army of defenders at Forty Fort. He was placed in charge of the fort when the troops marched forth under the commands "of Colonels Butler and 212 The American Historical Register. Denison, to meet the enemy. It is probable that Lieutenant Jenkins being still a prisoner of war or that his physical condition after his severe privations unfitted him for military duty that he was assigned the care of the fort with its helpless inmates. Either of these reasons would be sufficient to restrain him from going to battle. Soon after this tragic event he was called to Valley Forge by General Washington. General Sullivan was to march to Wyoming to drive out the Indians and Tories, and a guide was needed to conduct the army through the wilderness. For this service Lieutenant Jenkins was well qualified ; having assisted his father in making surveys of the whole country, he was acquainted with all the mountains and streams. Another man was also summoned to headquarters for this service and as it was most important that the one best informed on the subject should be chosen as guide to the army these two men were not permitted to have intercourse with each other lest they should communicate their information, one to the other and knowledge gained in this way would not be serviceable. For the purpose, therefore, of keeping them apart Lieutenant Jenkins was provided with accommodations in Mrs. Washing ton's apartments. He was rigidly examined as to his knowledge of mountain passes, streams, Indian trails, etc. While waiting for the completion of the arrangements for this military movement, Mrs. Washington and other ladies of the camp were somewhat at loss for amusements, and Lieutenant Jenkins came into requisi tion for service of a social kind Having been several times a prisoner among the Indians including the whole of the previous winter at Niagara he had learned their language and habits. To while away the tediousness of camp life he would talk, sing and dance Indian fashion for the entertainment of the ladies, after which performances Mrs. Washington would most graciously thank Lieutenant Jenkins for the very fine entertainment he had afforded them. The preparations for the march of General Sullivan's army having been completed it was to set forth the following morning. In honor of the event General Washington had provided a banquet at which he presided. After toasts to General Sullivan and his army had been drunk, General Wash ington offered the last toast of the evening. " The guide to Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 2 1 3 General Sullivan's Army, Lieutenant John Jenkins." This toast was a great surprise being the first intimation as to whom this important service had been assigned. Jenkins responded to the toast though not without embar rassment in such an august assembly. The result of this expedition is too well known to need further record. The Tories left Fort Wintermute in great haste when they learned that General Sullivan's army was in Wilkes-Barre. They had not believed he was coming. Lieutenant Jenkins continued in active service until the close of the war, but while the army was waiting to be mustered out he resigned his commission. There was a strong probability that there would be a long delay before he would receive his discharge, and the state of affairs in Wyoming required his immediate attention By thus resigning his commission he never received any pay for the long years of faithful service for his country. The only return this great republic ever made for his service was to grant a pension to his widow a few years before her death. The war of the Revolution being ended did not end the troubles in Wyoming, the contest with the Pennamites still raged. Owing to the result of this conflict Colonel Jenkins lost not only his valuable property in Wyoming, but another tract of ten miles square which was given him by the State of Connecticut for his services. This section of land was called Mount Jenkins and lies in the vicinity of Providence and Waverly just above the city of Scranton. The deed of t*his land, beautifully embellished in gilt, is among the effects of the late Steuben Jenkins. The question of title to these lands, usurped by Pennsylvania, has often been agitated, but, no doubt, will soon be forgotten. When Colonel Pickering, the friend of General Washington, came to Wyoming in the interest of Pennsylvania, he won to his cause Colonel Butler, Colonel Denison, the Holenbacks, the Rosses and the families of Gore, Williams, Nesbit, Carey and others, while Colonel Franklin, Colonel Jenkins, the Spaldings, Satterlees, Slocums and Dudleys maintained the rights to prop erty under the Connecticut titles. Thus it came to pass that those who had been friends and pioneers together, suffering together the hardships of frontier life, became at last divided in sentiment and the old-time harmony was broken. At a meeting 214 The American Historical Register. of the citizens held at Forty Fort to discuss this question Colonel Pickering pledged his honor, dearer than life, that Penn sylvania was honest in her purpose, sincere in her offer of com promise and that full faith might be reposed in her promise. Colonel Jenkins, in his brief, sententious way demanded— " What security have we that if we put ourselves in your power the State won't repeal the law and deal as treacherously as in the case of Armstrong ?" Colonel Franklin followed in a speech of great bitterness, setting forth the wrongs and insults the Connecticut people had suffered at the hands of the Pennamites. He spoke of the justice of the Connecticut title: "the land was their own ; purchased by their money, their labor and their blood." This was the feeling of the Connecticut settlers and there is no doubt but Pennsylvania owes to them a debt for wrongs suffered which an hundred times four-fold can never repay. The decision of the Congress of Albany, N. Y.,1754, which was in favor of the Connecticut claim having been utterly disre garded by the Government of Pennsylvania, a court of commis sion was held in Trenton, N. J., November, 1783, to obtain a final decision in the dispute between Connecticut and Pennsyl vania in regard to the Westmoreland lands. In this court Messrs. Bradford, Read, Wilson and Sargeant were the agents for Pennsylvania.* This Court of Commission after deliberating over five weeks to the astonishment of both States engaged in this contest gave this decree : " We are unanimously of Opinion that the State of Connecticut has no Right to the Lands in Controversy. We are also unanimously of Opinion that the jurisdiction and Pre-emption of all the Territory lying within the Charter Boundary of Pennsyl vania and now claimed by the State of Connecticut do of Right belong to the State of Pennsylvania." This decision was known as the " Trenton Decree "' from which there seemed to be no appeal or redress, and worse than all, Connecticut, at best, never a very good mother to her infant colony, conceded to the obnoxious decree. Dr. Hollister in his history of Lackawanna, says : While it decided the question of jurisdiction only it indicated the selfish and illiberal spirit that would and did ultimately inspire a judicial opinion in regard to the * Pennsylvania Archives, 1782. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 2 1 5 right of soil already held by Connecticut by every essential condition giving validity to title, viz. : grant from the King — purchase of the soil from the Indian owners, and actual occupancy of the same. He also adds that "this feud between Connecticut and Pennsylvania had all the grand features of an epic poem " Between Colonel Jenkins and Colonel Franklin there existed a warm friendship of life-long duration. While the former held the pen of a ready writer, Colonel Franklin was an orator of fiery eloquence. These two, with still undaunted spirits una bashed and unconquered by Trenton Decree or Pennamite per secutions, in company with Captain Solomon Strong, Elder James Finn, a Baptist minister, and Christopher Holbert con ceived the project of forming a State out of the district of West moreland. This State would have had the forty-first degree of latitude which runs nearly in the centre of Pennsylvania, for its southern boundary, the Delaware river to its head waters in New York State for its boundary line on the east ; the forty-third de gree of latitude on the northern boundary, extending west ten miles beyond the Susquehanna river. The projected State would have been two degrees north and south and one and a half degrees east and west, nearly as large as the State of Vermont. Had this project realized fulfillment, the euphonious name of Wyoming might now be adorning a middle State instead of one in the far West. The capital was to have been at Wilkes- Barre. So important had this enterprise become that six hun dred Yankees on the north branch of the Susquehanna were enlisted in the work. The Rev. James Finn had been sent to the west branch of the Susquehanna to secure the assistance of the inhabitants in that quarter while Captain Strong twice visited the celebrated Colonel Ethan Allen of Vermont to procure his assistance and that of his invincible Green mountain boys. Colonel Allen had succeeded in carving the State of Vermont out of the mountain ous western border of New York in spite of all remonstrance or force and why not perform the same service for his Connecticut brethren in Wyoming?* In the early autumn of 1786, three years after the Trenton Decree, Colonel Allen in his Revolu tionary regimentals appeared on the stage of action. * Colonel Allen was a native of Connecticut. 2 [6 The American Historical Register. The Yankees on both the north and west branches of the Susquehanna were in harmony in regard to the formation of a State, in spite of the hostilities of Pennsylvania and the Trenton Decree. The people united ; Colonel Allen and his Vermont soldiers to assist them ; seemingly all went merrily as a marriage bell. Alas ! for the best laid plans of men. An unexpected obstacle arose to confront them. This was the creation of Luzerne county in September, 1 786, which introduced a new element of authority into the district. Colonel Allen thereupon relinquished his aid to the scheme and the project fell through. The creation of the county was intended to defeat these patriotic men in their efforts for independence and has made quite a difference in geographical boundaries and the projected State must now be numbered among the " might have beens." A queer New England story is told which relates to William Penn. The Rev. Cotton Mather, a distinguished Puritan divine, sent an order to a certain sea captain to put out to sea and " capture y" William Penn and his heathen crew ; take them to the Barbadoes and sell them for rum and sugar." Had the Captain been successful in his quest would there now be a great State the sylvan shades of which would bear the name of Penn ? On such turning points do great events revolve — change the tide of human effort and the face of the page of history. Rev. Mr. Craft in his history of Bradford county relates that John Jenkins, John Franklin and a number of other persons were arrested, by the Pennsylvania authorities, for conspiracy. Franklin and Jenkins were held in durance, but the others were discharged. Miss Blackmail in the history of Susquehanna count)' tells that Jenkins once traded two hundred acres of land in that county for a horse, saddle and bridle. He was one of the first to under take the smelting of iron and had an interest in the forge in Lackawanna at a place since called from this circumstance — " Old Forge." The iron doors in the old Wilkes-Barre jail were manufactured at this forge. Mr. Gordon, in " Old Memories," says that Colonel Jenkins was a person of great firmness of character, amounting almost to Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 2 1 7 obstinacy, yet had large benevolence. He quotes the lines from Goldsmith's " Deserted Village " : His house was known to all the vagrant train, He chid their wand'rings but relieved their pain. Mr. Gordon, the son of a widowed mother, had much reason to testify to this character for benevolence, having himself often been the recipient of kind favors. Colonel Jenkins displayed his character for obstinacy when driven over the Pocono mountains by the Pennamites, with his brother Benjamin to Easton jail. His pseudo law guardians, having some compassion, offered to loosen the cords that bound his arms behind him as his sufferings therefrom was intense, but he scornfully rejected the proposition. " No," he said, " they that put on these cords must take them off." At one time Colonel Jenkins was a candidate for the office of sheriff, and a neighbor who was running against him, went off to Harrisburg at the first news of the election returns and secured his commission as sheriff of Luzerne county. Subsequently further returns from some remote district came in giving the majority of votes to Jenkins. His opponent by this time was acting as sheriff, and as he made no sign that he intended to relinquish his commission, he was allowed to pursue his way in peace and his right to hold the office was not contested. This man sometimes came to the Jenkins home on visits to other pcsons, but Colonel Jenkins would not sit at table with the usurper, nor speak to him, so fine was his sense of honor that to hold an office unlawfully was an act of pusilanimity and meanness that merited nothing but contempt. At another time he was a candidate for the legislature and lost the election by one vote. This time his opponent came and said: " Now, Jenkins, you are better qualified for this office ihan I am, and I do not want to serve. I would not have accepted the nomination if I had thought I would be elected. I supposed, of course, that you would have a majority of votes, for you are a man of experience in public life and I am not, but it has turned out that I have one vote the most, but that dogs not signify that the majority are not in favor of you. It has just happened that some have not gone to the polls, but if a full vote had been taken, there is no doubt but you would have been elected, and I 2 1 8 The American Historical Register. want you to serve instead of me." Colonel Jenkins (referring to the sheriff matter) replied with lofty scorn — " Do you think I am old S ? ' So the man elected by a majority of one had to serve his constituency. Public office seldom goes begging like that. The Luzerne " Legal Register " bearing date February 8, 1884, in giving the genealogical record of George Reynolds Bedford, has this interesting account : In the year 1777 before the battle, there was much talk of war with the Indians. Several persons were killed up the river and others taken prisoners. Mr. Sutton and John Jenkins, the ancestor of Steuben Jenkins, made a journey through the wilder ness to Queen Esther's Flat in order to procure the liberation of Mr. Ingersoll, who had been carried into captivity. The distance was about ninety miles. The visitors were treated very courteously by the Queen and she was free in her communications with regard to the prospect of war. They were invited to spend the night with her, and the true spirit of hospitality seemed to characterize all her communications and arrange ments. In the course of the evening, however, things took a new turn, and the travelers, for a while, where at a loss what construction to put upon the indications outside. A company of Indians came before the house, and seating themselves upon a log began to sing the war song. The old Queen went out to them and was engaged in an earnest conversation for a long time ; when she came in she frankly told her guests that the Indians were determined to waylay and ikill them, adding with great emphasis, " I can do nothing with them." " Now," said she, " you lie down until I call you." They did so, and when all was still in the town she called them and said : ' ' You must go down the river. Go down the bank and take my canoe and paddle it without noise. Lift up the paddles edgewise so as to make no splash in the water, and you may get out of reach before the war party find out which way you have gone." They slipped off and found the canoe which the Queen had particu larly described, scrupulously followed her directions and found their way home in safety. The story of Colonel Jenkins' life was not all of war and patriotism, for he like many others had been led into gentle bondage by the silken cords of love. Annette Jenkins (since Mrs. Gorman), a granddaughter of Colonel Jenkins once met in Bradford county an aged lady, who had the felicity to see her great-grandchildren grown up. This lady was an interest ing person, had a fine mind and still retained traces of great beauty. When the name of the new acquaintance was announced, it recalled her youthful days and she related that when she was a bashful maiden of sixteen summers John Jenkins had paid his attention to her. Following the customs of the Quakers, he had made his visit on Sunday evening which were contrary to the sentiments of her parents who were Church of England people. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 219 They commanded her to request her admirer to make his visits at some other time. She in her girlish diffidence did not know how to accomplish what seemed to her a most arduous task, and in order to escape so disagreeable a duty she went off to bed when her admirer came again. Her high-spirited lover took umbrage at this and gave the young lady no opportunity thereafter to obey her parents' commands in regard to him. With a sigh this lovely ancient dame made the sweet confession, that she had never ceased to regret her freak of childish folly. The maiden name of this lady was York. The family lived in Exeter. She married a Captain Buck, who was killed in the massacre, and for second husband a Mr. Gaylord. Her numerous descendants all inherited some of the beauty of their ancestress. Mr. Hendrick B. Wright in his " History of Plymouth " makes a digression to do honor to Colonel Jenkins and his father, Judge Jenkins. He says : , This youngman passed an eventful life and may be classed among the prominent, leading men of the valley. The diary of local events, which he kept, has been of great benefit to historians. The data are written in plain and intelligible language, and as far as corroborating circumstances are left to us, they are remarkable for their truthfulness. He began with the occupation of the valley, and he survived its perils and afflictions. Always taking an active part and ever at the post of honor and of danger. He lived to realize the fruits of his early hardships, and died at his resi dence upon the Wyoming battle ground on March 19, 1827, in his seventy-sixth year. I have in a manner digressed from the line of local history in giving this notice of the prominent men of the valley ; but as he headed that colonial band who forced their way through the wilderness — through the Indian border bristling with spear-heads — exposed to hunger and the severest sufferings and privations, I felt that I could not pass the old veteran by in silence. Colonel Wright refers to the diary of Colonel Jenkins. It has been handed down by family tradition that he was employed almost constantly, when at home, with his pen, and when he died there were chests and barrels of his manuscripts in the attic of his house among the spinning wheels, the reels and looms that represented the industrial habits of his household. Many of these manuscripts were used by Charles Miner in compiling his history of Wyoming. It is doubtful whether many other records were used in that work. Mr. Miner did not secure all of the manuscripts in possession of the family. When the historian of Wyoming came to the valley he was a guest all of the first winter of his coming at the Jenkins home, 220 The American Historical Register. that being always the headquarters for new emigrants from Con necticut. No doubt Mr. Miner became interested in the history of the valley by hearing its tragic events related at the Jenkins fire side. It has been observed that although Mr. Miner was so largely indebted to Colonel Jenkins for material for his historical work, he does scant justice to "the patriot," leaving his name unmentioned whenever it was possible to do so. The reason that has been assigned for this want of justice toward one to whom he owed so much, was because of the difference in political opinion, Colonel Jenkins being a Democrat and Mr. Miner a Federalist. At that day political feeling ran so high that it obscured and overcame many higher qualities of mind and heart in otherwise high-minded men. We must judge them from the standpoint of the times in which they lived. It might be in place to notice the fact that throughout the writings of Colonel Jenkins are numerous expressions like the following : " No nation can be great except it be virtuous." " The practice of virtue alone exalteth a nation." How earnestly should this generation strive to cherish these noble sentiments. (To be continued!) SOME COLONIAL FAMILIES. FENWICK OF NEW JERSEY. John Fenwick, who became the owner of all Western New Jersey by deed from Lord Berkley, March 18, 1673, founded the first English colony on the Delaware river in June, 1675 (seven years before Penn's landing at Philadelphia), and was elected the first governor in West Jersey of this colony, June 21, 1676. He was a member of the General Assembly of West Jersey, 1683, and, previous to coming to this country, was commissioned a major in Cromwell's army, 1648, and was present and in com mand at the execution of Charles I. John Fenwick, b. 1618, at Stanton Manor, Northumberland county, England, m., ist, Elizabeth Covert, and had issue Elizabeth, Priscilla and Annie. He m. 2d, Mary Burdet, daughter of Sir Walter Burdet; no issue. Governor John Fenwick d. 1683 at Salem, N.J. SECOND GENERATION. Elizabeth Fenwick, d. 1700, m. ist, in 1663, John Adams, and had Elizabeth, b. 1664; Fenwick, b. 1666, and Mary, b. 1670. She m. 2d, August 23, 1683, Anthony Windson, of Salem, N. J. Priscilla Fenwick m. Edward Champneys, and had John, Mary and Edward. Annie Fenwick m. Samuel Hedge, Jr., and had Samuel3, d. 1709, and Rebecca. THIRD GENERATION. Elizabeth Adams m., 1692, William Hollinshead (son of John) and had William, George, Grace, Elizabeth and Sarah. Fenwick Adams m., 1687, Mary Wilkins, and had William. Mary Adams m., February 3, 1687, Hugh Hutchins. Samuel Hedge3 m. Rebecca Pyle, and had Samuel*; John d. young, William, d. 1729, and Nathan, d. August 8, 1735. FOURTH GENERATION. William Hollinshead, Jr., d. August 11, 1741 ; m. Hannah, and had Jacob, b. November 16, 1732, d. December 19, 1819; Benjamin, Bathsheba, Jerusha and Mary. Grace Hollinshead m., 1719, Abraham Haines. Sarah Hollinshead m., May 10, 222 The American Historical Register. 1738, Samuel Barnes. Samuel Hedge4 m. Ann Grant Gibbon, and had Samuel6, b. 1726, and Rebecca, b. February i, 1728. FIFTH GENERATION. Jacob Hollinshead m. Mary, daughter of Hugh and Hannah Hollinshead, b. July 30, 1737, d. August 27, 1814, and had Ann, b. March 25, 1772, d. October 7, 1846; Zillah, Jerusha, Mary, Elizabeth, Jacob, Enoch, William, Thomas and Hugh. Ben jamin Hollinshead m. November 27, 1759, Jerusha Oliphant, and had Elizabeth. Jerusha Hollinshead m., August 30, 1759, Joseph Hollinshead. William Adams, Jr., m., 1764, Ann Bradway, and had Susan. Samuel Hedge5 m. Hannah Woodnut, b. 1729, daughter of Joseph and Rachel, and had Rebecca, b. 1751,^. 1831; Joseph W., b. 1756, d. 1790; Samuel6, b. 1758, d. 1790. Rebecca Hedge m. Giles Smith, and had Christopher. SIXTH GENERATION. Ann Hollinshead m., February 10, 1797, John Burrough, son of Isaac and Abagail (Wallace) Burrough, b. October 10, 1769, d. March 10, 1803, and had Marmaduke, b. November 30, 1797, d. February 10, 1844; Abagail, b. February 21, 1799, d. February 10, 1826; Eveline Constantia, b. October 24, 1800, d. September 18, 1878; Sarah, b. June 8, 1802, d. July 8, 1802; John, b. June 11, 1803, d. September 24, 1836. Elizabeth Hol- lingshead m. Lawrence Browning, of New Jersey, and had Ben jamin, d. 1 87 1, and Margaret Hollinshead. Susan Adams m. Benjamin Griscom, and had Susan, Andrew, Benjamin, John and Mary. Rebecca Hedge m., 1776, Thomas Thompson, and had Ann, Hannah, Hedge, Mary, Rebecca, Jane and Rachel. Chris topher Smith m., 1765, Rebecca Hancock, and had Rebecca, b. 1766; Elizabeth, b. 1768; John, b. 1770; Susannah, b. 1771, and Esther, b. 1774. SEVENTH GENERATION. Eveline Constance Burrough m., February 16, l832,Othniel Hart Taylor, son of William and Mary Alice (Gazzam) Taylor, b. May 4, 1803, d. September 5, 1869, and had William Rivers, b. January 5, 1833, d. August 3, 1833 ; Othniel Gazzam, b. Janu ary 2, 1834, d. March 14, 1886; Marmaduke Burrough, b. August 17, 1835, d. January 15, 1890, and Henry Genet, b. July 6, 1837. John Burrough, Jr., ;;/., January, 1831, Ann Earl, and Some Colonial Families. ' 223 had Helen, b. 1837. Ann Thompson m. John Firth, and had Elizabeth, Thomas, John and Samuel. Hannah Thompson m. John Anderson, and had Rebecca. Hedge Thompson m. Mary Ann Powell, and had Richard P., Thomas, Joseph H., Rebecca and Mary. Jane Thompson m. John, son of Hill Smith, and had Ann, Hill and Thomas T. Rachel Thompson m. Dr. Benjamin Archer, and had Frederick. John Smith m. a daughter of Ben jamin Smith, and had Samuel. Susannah Smith m. Job Ware. Esther Smith m. Robert Moore. EIGHTH GENERATION. Marmaduke Burrough Taylor m., September 3, 1861, Agnes, daughter of Joseph and Rebecca Gibson (Wills) Crain, b. October 28, 1841, d. July 17, 1890, and had Clarence Wills, b July 11, 1862; Eveline Constance, b. December 5, 1865, d. February 3, 1870, and Annie, b. September 3, 1871. Henry Genet Taylor m., October 23, 1879, Helen, daughter of Alexander and Hannah (Burrough) Cooper, and had Henry Genet, Jr., b. July 19, 1883, and Richard Cooper, b. September 29, 1884. Helen Burrough w.William H. Brewin, and had Hattie, Dora Evelina and Shirley Thomas. Joseph H. Thompson m. Rebecca Miller. Mary Thompson m. John Holmes, and had Rebecca. Thomas T. Thompson m. Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Hancock. EVELYN BYRD. THE STORY OF EVELYN BYRD. A Famous Legend of Colonial Virginia. BY HENRY H. HARRISON. Gallant youths ! and gentle maidens ! you whose hearts to love are stirred, Come ! and hear a maiden' s story ! tale of love and Evelyn Byrd ! In the churchyard by the river where the Southern sunbeams shine Sleeps the hapless maid forever, daughter of a lordly line. Hers were youth, and wealth, and beauty, station, friends, and ancient name, Loving nature, trained to duty, every grace that maid can claim. All the spirit of her nation, all the charms that give it fame, All the graces of her station, every wish her heart could frame. Happy smile on every feature, bringing light as from above ; Dowered with woman's tender nature ; all who saw her learned to love ! All her life was joy and gladness ; all around her seemed to smile ; Naught knew she of woe or sadness, blithe, and gay, and bright, the while. For the friends who stood around her guarded her from pain and care, All the sweets of life they found her, sought for joys for her to share. In the glory of her morning, opening bud of what should be, They had brought the shining maiden that the great world she might see. In the sheen of her young beauty, decked in jewels they possessed, To the stately Court of England brought this rosebud of the West. 'Mong the glittering knights and ladies well the maiden bore her part ; And she had a lordly lover who had won her gentle heart, In the time of love and roses won the song bird of the West ; Man proposes ! God disposes ! orders all as he sees best ! While they dreamed of love and pleasure, felt all raptures tongue can tell, Endless joys that knew no measure, o'er their lives a shadow fell. For the feuds of ancient houses cast their curse upon the girl ; And the hatred of her father tore his daughter from the Earl. Letters bore the bitter tidings to her father o'er the sea, Trusting not to distant chidings, for a father stern was he, Swift he came across the water with hot anger in his breast, Came to save his darling daughter, and to bear her to the West, While she dreamed of lordly castle whose loved lady she should be, While she dreamed of nuptial wassail, came her father o'er the sea. While she dreamed of love, and loving, stern, her father stood before, And, the weeping maid reproving, bore her, sighing, to the shore. While the heart of her young lover throbbed, with thoughts of her possessed, All the hapless dream was over, she was sailing to the West. 226 The American Historical Register. O'er the sea, her angry father bore the maid whose hope was dead, Bore her back to Old Virginia, to the life whose light had fled, Bound her by a daughter's duty, bound her by a maiden's pride, But she pined in lonely beauty, pined for him she loved, and sighed. Where the breeze came odorladen, and the rose its fragrance gave, At her casement sat the maiden, sat, and gazed across the wave, Watched the white-winged vessels' motion as the shining wave they stirred, But the couriers of the ocean brought no joy to Evelyn Byrd. Long she waited for some token, hoped for love to conquer pride, Till the maiden' s heart was broken, and in beauty's bloom she died. Beauty, youth, nor wealth could save her, loving care, nor leech's art, Vain alas ! was all life gave her ! naught could cure a broken heart. What to her were wealth? or honors ? what could friends or station prove? What was all life poured upon her if it still denied her Love ? Love that wins all things in giving all it hath beyond recall ! Love that makes this life worth living ! Love that is its all in all ! Tender blossom ! all Life' s treasures gathered in the maiden form ! In the sun of Love expanding it might brave Life's chill and storm ! Nature formed for love and loving, destined her to be a bride, And when Nature's plan was thwarted then the fair bud drooped and died. Man proposes ! God disposes ! Fairest flowers are oft unblest ! In the time of love and roses went the maiden to her rest. She, for whom life held no promise, shrank from loneliness abhorred, Went to join the blossoms blooming in the Garden of the Lord ! When the flowers to life were springing came the end of all her gloom ; When the mating birds were singing then they laid her in the tomb. Roses bloom, and violets blossom, clinging ivy creeps above, O'er the cold and pulseless bosom of the maid who died for love ! Gentle hearts are moved to pity when her mournful tale is heard, And the fancy of young mothers names their daughters '¦ Evelyn Byrd." But the fate that fell the maiden still her namesakes overshades ; Still her name is sorrow laden ; they who bear it all die maids ! Passed the lights ! and passed the shadows ! pass Life's joy ! and pass its woe ! And their names are only mem'ries, theirs who lived so long ago ; But the mighty tide is gleaming still before her father's hall, And her gentle eyes still beaming from her face on Brandon wall. And the lady of the mansion still the maiden's casement shows Where she sat and gazed tow'rds England through the jasmine and the rose ; And the pity of her story, all its wrong, and all its woe, Come to those who see in spirit this fair maid of long ago. And the thought of how they slew her, of the men for whom she died, Makes us curse their foolish anger, makes us curse false human pride. Though the cent'ries pass we cherish still the spot that bears her name, Men and maidens come and perish ; but their hearts are still the same. The Story of Evelyn Byrd. 227 Still the mating birds are singing 'mong the gardens where she moved ; Still the Southern air is ringing with the songs the maiden loved ; Still while human hearts are human, will the tale of love be heard ; Still will lovers love to linger 'round the tomb of Evelyn Byrd. Note. — Evelyn Byrd was the beautiful and accomplished daughter of Colonel William Byrd, II. , of Westover, on James River, one of the magnates of the Virginia colony. He had spent much of his time in England, and had been one of the circle of wits and beaus about the courts of William and Mary and of Queen Anne. His daughter was sent to England to be introduced into society. There she had a love affair with a young earl, Charles Mordaunt, fourth earl of Peterborough, whose father had been a mortal enemy of Colonel Byrd, and had fought a duel with him. The receipt of this unwelcome intelligence excited Colonel Byrd's anger. He broke off all intercourse between the young lovers, and brought his daughter back to Vir ginia. Being affectionate and dutiful, she tried to obey him, but it broke her heart, her health gave way, and she died in 1737. Her tomb stands in the old churchyard at Westover, and is a favorite resort for young lovers. The accompanying portrait is a copy of the one at " Lower Brandon," on James river, in Prince George county, Va., the residence of Mrs. George E. Harrison. Col. ByrVl was of royal lineage in the following line of descent : Edward III, King of England, had : Prince John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who had : Lady Joan Beaufort, m. Sir Ralph Nevill, K. G., and had : Sir. Edward Nevill, K. G. , Lord Bergavenny, who had : Sir George Nevill, Knt., 2d Lord Bergavenny, who had : Sir George Nevill, K. B., 3d Lord Bergavenny, who had : Lady Ursula Nevill, m. (first wife) Sir Warham St. Leger, of Ulcombe, Kent, and had : Sir Warham St. Leger, Knt, who had : Ursula St. Leger, m. Rev. Daniel Horsmanden, D.D., of Ulcombe, and had : Col. Warham Horsmanden, who had : Maria (Mary) Horsmanden, m. Col. William Byrd, of Virginia, d. 1704, and had: Col. William Byrd, the second, of "Westover," Va., 1 674-1 744, m. ist, Lucy Park, and had : Evelyn Byrd, d. unm. 1737. (See Brown's Genesis of the United States, and Browning's Americans of Royal Descent (1894). H. H. H. GENERAL JOHN ADAIR. BY MRS. M. T. DAVEISS. Alphabetically first on the list of Kentucky's military men stands the name of General John Adair ; meritoriously first on the list it stood until the Civil War brought out its galaxy of famous warriors. General Adair was born in Chester county, South Carolina, of honest, honorable, plain Scotch parents. He and his brother were sent to Charlotte, S. C, for collegiate education, but were soon recalled for the protection of their father's family during the reign of terror instituted by Tarlton, of the British army, and his lawless Tories. At seventeen years of age he formed one of the nuclei of Marion and Sumter's famous bands, who, like Arabs, lived ever more in the sight of their enemies — sometimes swooping down on the cruel and insolent foe, sometimes fleeing like the wind, and sometimes chained for months to cheerless dungeon floors or in charnel prison ships. He fought in the Revolutionary War to the sunset hour, coming out Major Adair, having served lastly on the staff of General Sumter. He fought at Rock Mountain, Hanging Rock, and in many minor battles. He almost lived in the saddle, as did the men of deathless fame of Marion's band, whose tent, like that of Allen a Dale, Was the blue vault of heaven, With its crescent so pale, And all its bright spangles. When the bugles sang truce, Quixotic in love as in war, with out one thought for the morrow, he " buckled to " with Miss- Katharine, we ought to call her, for her queenly looks — Katie Palmer, as he ever called her. In the twilight hours of time and life, as she would sit with hands clasped on the arm of the oaken chair in which he always sat by the window, smoking his pipe and looking silently and tenderly down on her as she chatted and chatted to " Johnnie O'Dear," I thought it the prettiest tableau I had ever seen of " John Anderson, my Joe John." General John Adair. 229 In 1786 General Adair moved to Kentucky, whether for the bettering of his future or from an instinct that led him wherever adventure or danger beckoned him, it were hard to tell. He never seemed to care to accumulate wealth ; and, while he responded to every appeal of his country, he never, apparently, sought the camp for mere pleasurable excitement in the hazards of war. He never seemed to seek civil or military promotion, and yet the records of peace and of war, wherever we turn, are marked with his name in shining characters. In 1 79 1 he went with Wilkinson's expedition against the Wea and Miami Indians, on the Wabash. He was then brigade major, and signalized himself by his fearless attack on a large party of Indians gathered at the ruins of Tippecanoe, who had hovered invisibly and in close, though unknown, proximity to Wilkinson's quarters. His horseback dash across the river upon the Indians was so sudden that they fled in dismay. General Wilkinson made to the War Department a most just and com plimentary mention of General Adair's military movement and efficiency — a record that, in after years, General Wilkinson would fain have expunged. In 1792 he was again in the field of Indian warfare, and was sent to reconnoitre and to escort provisions from Fort Washing ton (Cincinnati) and neighboring points to Fort St. Clair. It was in this campaign that he was attacked by Little Turtle, unex pectedly, and fought desperately in sight of the fort, without succor, and was finally forced to retire, with small loss of men, but with considerable loss of horses and supplies. General Adair exhibited great prowess and heroism, and was ably supported by his officers and men. Governor Madison, then second in com mand, was wont to speak of the blazing eyes and heroic bearing of Adair in this engagement as the old Greeks did of the heroes of Troy. It was in an after meeting, in the piping days of peace, when General Adair and Little Turtle were exchanging mem ories of this brush of war, that the Indian warrior enunciated to the white brave a good maxim, viz. : " That a good general is never surprised." General Adair had led too many successful surprise parties to resent this insinuation. In 1794 he was again in the northwest, building forts and gathering supplies for a campaign that was never inaugurated. 230 The American Historical Register. General Adair's services were now called for in the councils of the nation, and from this period on to old age the annals of the State and of the United States show that he was very fre quently representative of his country's interest — serving from the legislative hall of Kentucky up to the United States, having ascended by every rung of the political ladder. It was during his first term in Congress that the scheme of Burr and Wilkinson burst upon the country with its terrible excitement. That Colonel Burr placed every inducement before General Adair to join in his brilliant, bewildering and treasonable enterprise is certain. Burr lingered around Harrodsburg for a while and at various Western points, everywhere exercising that fatal magnetism which he possessed so preeminently. Burr passed on his oblique orbit, and Adair went South to meet him, as after wards supposed, but where undoubtedly he had large land interests and other business. There Wilkinson had him arrested and sent round in a prison ship to Baltimore. Wilkinson's was an undoubted act of treachery to Burr, against whom and his confederates, actual or suspected, he thus turned practically State's evidence ; and to Burr, doubtless he was treasonably committed. Adair was finally acquitted and apologized to in open court, and had the paltry sum of $2500 damages awarded him by the United States Government, under whose authority Wilkinson was acting when he had Adair arrested. This was a contemptible sum — if money could have effected it at all — with which to com pensate him for absence from his family, personal suffering, inextricable confusion in his Southern affairs, and, hardest of all to bear, the suspicion of treason to his country, and a stain on the fame he had won in hard-fought fields from Carolina to Canada. General Adair, though not a handsome man, was of remark able personnel and stately bearing. Tall and erect as an Indian, he sat his horse like a Centaur, and rode through the crowd with stately recognition of its salutations, attended by his valet, the indispensable adjunct of every gentleman of the olden school. In this case the valet was a little weazen negro of pure African descent, who carried the portmanteau and cared for the holster, and answered to the high-sounding cognomen Philander. General John Adair. 231 General Adair was in every sense a peculiar man. He was not only reticent, but impressively silent ; he conversed with you without speaking, his eyes giving you assurance that he heard and heeded, and with a simple nod, he assured you of his intelligible assent or dissent, rarely removing his pipe to give full expression to his opinions. His self-control was immovable and rendered him impenetrable. My own impression is that Burr either never fully revealed his schemes to Adair, or else the latter heard, and while he scorned the scheme, also scorned to betray what he thought had been rashly committed to his keep ing in the presumption of his entering into this wild plot for dominion. What were the facts of the Burr conspiracy as involving Kentuckians can never be known. The late Captain Samuel Daveiss, brother of Colonel Joseph H. Daveiss, had, as his executor, all of his papers which it was known were prepared fully and accurately enough to have convicted Colonel Burr, had not the insane cry of persecution of a favorite of the people changed a legal trial into a bitter partisan strife. The writer of this sketch spent a winter looking over a mass of papers which had accumulated in the hands of three men of exact business habits. The object of this sifting was not to find matter of general interest, but particularly to collect the private correspondence of Colonel Daveisf" with various heads of the public departments ; to get also some autograph letters of Gen eral Washington and the Burr papers. The first were secured, the second had been sent to Jared Sparks, the historian, who we know started them back to the lender, but they were inter cepted on the way by some lover of relics, whose vague ideas of property did not include letters. As to the third object of this quest, the Burr papers, their envelope marked and dated in Colonel Daveiss' handwriting was found — it seemed to have been left in his desk in its alphabetical place to assure us of the use- lessness of further search. William Daveiss, only child of Cap tain Samuel Daveiss, said he had heard his father say that he had been often and strongly appealed to to destroy these papers, and though they might easily have been surreptitiously abstracted from a lockless desk in the attic, he never doubted but that from a tender regard to the descendants of the men who had been implicated in Burr's conspiracy, his father had destroyed them. 232 The American Historical Register. A well-meant and kindly deed, but a wrong one nevertheless. It had been better that the obloquy should have settled rightfully on a few guilty than thus have left the tarnish of suspicion on the names of many. But our people are not prone to hold the children responsible for their parents' deeds, and the fierce strug gle that has since been made to sever the Union, while alto gether from different motives, has softened the feeling somewhat against Burr and his confederates. These trials over, General Adair returned to Kentucky to find himself financially wrecked. Men of ordinary mould would have found in a neglected homestead and a brave wife with the care of ten daughters and two young sons sufficient excuse for retiring from active military life, exempt, as he was, by age from further calls to service. He soon, however, went south to gather up the remnants of his Attakapas estates, and while there received tempting offers to wealth, position and power from the Mexican government, just beginning its series of long protracted, fruitless revolutions. General Adair had the qualities they needed, experience and ability to command, but he turned con temptuously from the position of mercenary chieftainship, and no sooner heard of the declaration of war against England, than he offered his service to Governor Shelby, of Kentucky ; but before his letter reached its destination, he had received from Governor Shelby an entreaty for his aid and council. He reported at once at New Orleans, and General Thomas being unfitted by ill health for the field General Jackson appointed General Adair to the command of the Kentucky troops which he assumed with rank of brigadier-general. Some have contended that the brilliant success on January 8, 181 5, was attributable to his very simple but effective suggestion to hold about the centre of the American lines, a reserve corps which could at once be thrown to the brunt of the British attack, both divisions being held in perplexing uncertainty by the impenetrable fog which completely veiled the movements of the enemy whose approach could be known only by sound. General Jackson as well as General Claiborne, of Louisiana, and the legislature of Kentucky all passed resolutions of thanks to General Adair. Strangely enough after this, when " gentle peace, return ing," had restored him to his Mercer home, news came that General John Adair. 233 General Jackson had thrown some unmerited slur at the Ken tucky troops. The next day after the arrival of this news, the still stately figure of General Adair, followed by his well-known valet of scarcely more than dwarfish dimensions, was seen riding calmly through the streets of ,Harrodsburg, bearing southward. He conferred with nobody, but somehow it took breath that General Adair had gone to call General Jackson to account for his aspersions of the Kentucky troops. There were no rail roads, no telegraphs then, and but few mails. Public curiosity and feeling rose to fever heat which was not appeased, for Gen eral Adair, after not many days, rode back through the village as silently and grandly as He had passed out. Whether at tongue or pistol point the remonstrance was made is not known. General Jackson made the amende honorable, and public enthu siasm in Kentucky knew no bounds. Once a chatty granddaughter of his, telling me this inci dent, said, " I asked Grandpa, ' Suppose General Jackson had not backed down ?' ' Then I would have backed him into the Cumberland river !' he answered ; and he never alluded to the occurrence again." Mercer county was in those days entitled to three members of the Legislature. Three quite locally eminent young men were on the track — every one of them steering very clear of any allusion to General Adair, who up to this time was under the shadow of the Burr conspiracy. One of these men, who had an irrepressi ble humor that would not suppress facts if funny, used to give some very ludicrous accounts of the hot haste that he and his fellow-candidates made to declare themselves rampant for the election of General Adair to the United States Senate after the tide of admiration rose so high in his favor. General Adair, after all this, supported General Jackson for the Presidency ; he had received no personal wrong, the indig nity to his State had been fully atoned for, and their political sentiments were identical. In 1820 he was elected governor of Kentucky. His admin istration was during a stormy and distressing period. The per plexities and troubles arising from the making of conflicting land laws were acting, as they were bound to, disastrously either on the occupant or those who, holding to a different construction of the laws, bought these occupied lands and sought to evict the 234 The American Historical Register. prior claimants. The Commonwealth Bank, a frantic effort at relief, was established. Its palliative influence was brief — its issue soon depreciated. General Adair was of a tender, sympa thetic nature ; he felt for the multitude rioting for relief, signed the bill establishing the bank, and supported relief measures generally. But that he was sincere was evinced by his receiving for the last two years of his incumbency his salary in the money of the Commonwealth Bank. From his retirement from the executive mansion till his death, he resided on his farm in Mercer county, as fine a piece of land as is found in the blue-grass region. The entrance to this home was through a gate hung between two of the most beauti ful elms in this part of the world. The woodlands were chiefly of beeches, magnificent enough to have stirred with envy some earl or other owner of an English park. His home was neither stately nor ornate, a plain, white, two-story frame — a Mecca for his kindred and friends, and often as many as half a hundred of his descendants would be with him here during the summer. This place is now owned by Mr. George Handy, a man of culture, but an ideal farmer as well, who has had the taste to retain its name, " Adair." The descendants of General Adair, under various names, are scattered over our broad land, gallant men and fair women, starring the political and social records of many States. He died in ripe old age, and was laid in the private burial ground of his home, where not many years after was placed by his side the patient companion of many adversities, the beloved Katie Palmer of his youth. For a term of years, when strangers passed that way along the Lexington and Harrodsburg turnpike, there were pointed out to them, plainly in view on each side of the road, the graves of two Governors of Kentucky, Adair and Slaughter. Their resting places in death, as had been their homes in life, were divided only by the highway, though their political tenets had led their lives as far as possible apart. But when Kentucky had made her beautiful cemetery at the Capital, on the picturesque cliffs of the Kentucky river, the legislature asked to have the remains of General Adair honor the place, and there the old warrior and statesman rests, with many more of our common wealth's illustrious dead. THE PATRIOTIC-HEREDITARY SOCIETIES OF THE UNITED STATES— THEIR OBJECTS AND THE REQUIREMENTS FOR MEMBERSHIP. CIVIL ORDERS. 'Continued from page 117!) THE COLONIAL ORDER OF THE ACORN. || OBJECTS. ^©v^l " To cherish and perpetuate American «!) \ FF traditions and associations, and to promote Sg^Ws) patriotism and loyalty to our National Institu- *Sr ff , lions." %^f/M MEMBERSHIP. \-J$m |S=a:5»- " ^ 's a Pre-requisite to admission that a pffi»l|IP^^ candidate shall be a descendant, in the male %J&$mwC/r ^ne' °^ a forefather resident prior to July 4, f^»F«t5J\\ 1776, in one of the North American Colonies, i£^**V that afterwards became the thirteen original States, and shall be nominated for member ship and seconded by members of the Order." THE COLONIAL SOCIETY OF MASSACHUSETTS. OBJECTS. " For the purpose of collecting and preserving mementoes of our Colonial Ancestors ; propagating knowledge of their lives and deeds by the publication of ancient documents and records ; cultivating an interest in the history of our country, and more especially of the Colonies of Plymouth and The Massachusetts Bay ; encouraging individual research into the part taken by our forefathers in the building of our nation ; promoting intelligent discussion of events in which the people of our Commonwealth have been concerned, in order that justice may be done to participants and false claims silenced ; and inspiring among our members a spirit of fellowship based upon a proper appreciation of our common ancestry." MEMBERSHIP. " The number of Resident Members of the Society shall never exceed one hundred. They shall be elected from among the citizens of Massachu setts, and shall cease to be members whenever they cease to be residents thereof. The number of Honorary Members never shall exceed twenty. 236 The American Historical Register. " They shall be elected from among non-residents of Massachusetts, and shall cease to be members if at any time they become both citizens and permanent residents thereof. But no person shall be eligible to member ship who cannot prove, by documentary evidence satisfactory to the Coun cil, his lineal descent from an ancestor who was a resident of the Colonies of Plymouth or The Massachusetts Bay." DESCENDANTS OF THE PIONEERS OF AMERICA. OBJECTS. " To collect information respecting the history of the families of the first settlers in this country, and to preserve their genealogies." MEMBERSHIP. " Eligibility to membership is derived only through the direct male line, and from one who settled in any part of America prior to the year 1700. This shall include all nationalities. " Members must be at least twenty-one years of age, of good repute and standing in society. " The application for membership must be in writing, and set forth in detail the direct lineage from the original ancestor who emigrated to this country, with the date and place of settlement and from what country he came." NETHERLANDS SOCIETY OF PHILADELPHIA. OBJECTS. "To collect literature relating to the Netherlands, to disseminate a knowledge of Netherlands history and influence upon civilization, and to promote social intercourse among its members." membership. "To entitle an applicant to membership he must produce satisfactory evidence to show lineal descent from Netherlanders, or from ancestors who lived continuously in the Netherlands for at least two generations, and that the ancestor through whom the right to membership is claimed emigrated to one of the American Colonies and resided therein prior to 1776. The applicant for membership must be twenty-one years of age, of good repute, and be proposed in writing by a member of the Society." THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY. The objects of the Society shall be : "First: To perpetuate the memory and foster the principles and virtues of the German ancestors of its members, and to promote social in tercourse among the latter. " Secondly : To discover, collect and preserve all still existing docu ments, monuments, etc., relating to the genealogy and history of the Pennsylvania Germans, and from time to time publish them, particularly The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 237 such as shall set forth the part belonging to this people in the growth and development of American character, institutions and progress. "Thirdly: To gather by degrees a library for the use of the Society, composed of all obtainable books, monographs, pamphlets, manuscripts, etc., relating to the Pennsylvania Germans. "Fourthly: To cause statedly to be prepared and read before the Society, papers, essays, etc., on questions in the history or genealogy of the Pennsylvania Germans." membership. " No one shall be eligible as a regular member unless he be of full age, of good moral character, and a direct descendant of early German or Swiss ¦emigrants to Pennsylvania." MILITARY ORDERS.* {Continued from page g6.) THE MILITARY SOCIETY OF THE WAR OF 1812. objects. " Whereas, The Congress of the United States, by Act approved June 18th, 1812, declared War to exist between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the dependencies thereof and the United States of America and their territories ; and " Whereas, This appeal to arms by the Amer ican People, after unexampled forbearance, was made necessary by a continued series of hostile encroachments and aggressions on their rights, interests, and territorial jurisdiction, and in defence of certain great principles of the Law of Nations which had been oppressively violated for several years to their great injury; principles which may be summarized as follows : "1. — That the Independence and territorial sovereignty of the nation is inviolable. "2. — That the National flig protects seamen on regularly documented American vessels against Foreign impressment. " 3, — That the Neutral flag covers enemy's goods with the exception ot contraband of war. " 4. — That neutral goods, with the exception of contraband of war, are not liable to capture under an enemy's flag ; and " 5. — That blockades, in order to be binding, must be effective ; that is to say, maintained by a force sufficient really to prevent access to the coast of the enemy and preclude a reasonable chance of entrance ; and "Whereas, It is fitting that the principles for which 'The War of Eighteen Hundred and Twelve ' was waged by the United States should -ever be borne in remembrance and upheld by the American people. * Received too late for Classification. 238 The American Historical Register. " Therefore, This Military Society has been instituted by men who served in the Armies and Navies of the United States in the War of Eigh teen Hundred and Twelve, to inspire among the members and among the American people the patriotic spirit of those who, in the military or naval service of the United States, or in service on private armed vessels of the United States, bearing commissions of letters of marque and reprisal from the United States, during the War, defended their Country against hostile encroachments on its rights and interests and caused its sovereignty and independence to be respected ; to inculcate and maintain the great prin ciples of the Law of Nations for which they contended ; to collect and preserve the manuscript rolls, records and other documents relating to that War, and to commemorate the Land and Naval victeries of the American arms in that War ; to undertake and assist in the erection of proper memorials thereof ; to perpetuate the mutual friendships formed in that War under the pressure of common danger, and to promote fellowship among the members of every degree ; to participate in the celebration of other historic patriotic events of National importance, and generally to take such meas ures, patriotic, historical, literary, benevolent and social as may conduce 1 to the general intendment of this Institution and better accomplish the objects thereof." • membership. " The members of this Institution shall be of two classes, namely : " Original or Hereditary, who shall be members in their own right, and " Honorary, who shall be members for their own lives without heritable succession. "Amendment to Article Governing Hereditary Membership, adopted October 18th, 1893 : "On and after January 8th, 1894, eligibility to Hereditary Membership shall be restricted and limited to the proper descendants of Commissioned Officers, Aides-de-Camp and Commanding Officers of private armed vessels of the United States, comprehended and described in Section I of this article, and to the proper descendants of Original and Hereditary Members of this Institution heretofore duly admitted ; and to the proper descendants of Original Members in military societies formed prior to January 8th, 1856, by men who served in the armies and navies of the United States in the War of 1812; and to Hereditary Members heretofore admitted in such military societies and their proper descendants ; and to the proper descend ants of the veteran delegates ; and to the proper descendants of the veteran delegates to the national conventions of the soldiers of the War of 1812, held respectively in the city of Philadelphia on January 9th, 1854, and in the city of Washington on January 8th, 1855 ; provided, the actual military or sea service of the Original Member or propositus from whom descent is derived, were such as would have made him eligible to Original Member ship in this institution, and none other shall be eligible to Hereditary Membership." The Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. 239 THE SOCIETY SONS OF VETERANS, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. objects. "To keep green the memories of our fathers and their sacrifices for the maintenance of the Union. "To aid the members of the Grand Army of the Republic, and all honorably discharged Union soldiers, sailors and marines, in the caring for their helpless and disabled veterans ; to extend aid and protection to their widows and orphans ; to perpetuate the memory and history of their heroic dead, and the proper observance of Memorial Day and Union Defenders' Day. " To aid and assist worthy and needy members of our Order. "To inculcate patriotism and love of country, not only among our membership, but among all the people of our land, and to spread and sus tain the doctrine of equal rights, universal liberty and justice to all." membership. "All male descendants, not less than 18 years of age, of deceased or honorably discharged soldiers, sailors or marines, who served in the Union Army or Navy, during the Civil War of 1861-1865, shall be eligible to membership, provided that no person shall be eligible who has ever been convicted of any infamous crime, or who has, or whose father has ever, borne arms against the Government of the United States of America," THE REGIMENTAL BOOK, FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA LINE. BY LAWRENCE BUCKLEY THOMAS, D. D. One cannot yet expect an accurate history of the American Revolution, doing justice alike to those who were loyal to their flag and country and the mixed motives that influenced the successful Revolutionists; but historical research is bringing to light valuable material for the future Gibbon and Macaulay, and it may be of advantage sometimes, to call attention to the novel views it suggests as probable. I have been much surprised, in this connection, with the curious facts about the nationality and occupation of its non-commissioned officers and privates revealed by a slight examination of the size-roll of the 1st Pennsylvania regiment printed in the August and September numbers of this magazine. It would seem to be a fairly representative body, ¦enlisted from all parts of the present State of Pennsylvania and some eighty-four from other colonies. Of the total 696 only 216, less than one-third, give one of the colonies as their birthplace, or residence, when enlisting. In only one company, the 6th, is there a majority of colonials — forty-one out of seventy-seven. The proportion being as low as seventeen out of seventy-seven and seventy-eight — in the 1st and 4th. Of these 216 colonials forty-three were under age when enlisted, some mere boys. Of the foreign-born, 315 were Irish, fifty-three Germans, and 112 English, Scotch, etc., and of these 480, but 143 are over thirty, i. e., men old enough to have had some experience of the conditions of life in the colonies, and possibly have a stake there even if born abroad, supposing them not to have been recent immigrants. As to the social position and occupations of the members of the regiment, there were one gentleman (a fifer), a lawyer, a doctor, five domestic servants, coachmen, gardeners, etc., a soldier, six sailors, ten store keepers and clerks, twenty-three tailors, six barbers, eleven millers, eight tanners, 265 mechanics of all sorts, carpenters, smiths, weavers, masons, etc., and 300 common laborers. The "embattled farmers " were conspicuous by their absence, there being but forty-six, of whom only eleven were colonials. To note a few conclusions from these figures : it would seem that the wit's punning etymology was justified, and " patriot" in the The American Historical Register. 24 1 Revolution meant "Pat-riot," nearly half the regiment (315)' being natives of Erin. Also it was made up of the lower grades of the working classes. No doubt there were a number of lawyers, then as now, in the Houses of Assembly and on the County Committees, but the intelligent and cultured inhabitants were not in the regiment, nor even the higher grades of the wage earners. Nearly oneJhalf again (300) being unskilled laborers to whom the promised pay of a soldier may have been an induce ment to enlist. Finally, of the 696 soldiers enlisted there were only 163 grown men giving the colonies as their birthplace or residence. SOME REVOLUTIONARY HEROES. An interesting and somewhat remarkable disclosure of the nativity of soldiers of the Revolutionary army is made in the September number of The American Historical Register, a valuable serial published at Philadelphia, devoted to the interests of "patriotic-hereditary societies," and the collection and preservation of historical facts regarding the colonial and Revolutionary periods. It is contained in. the muster rolls of five companies of the Ist regiment of the Pennsylvania Line, giving. the nativity of all the non-commissioned officers and enlisted men : In Ireland, 187 ; in America, mainly Pennsylvania, 117; in England, thirty- three ; in Germany, twenty-seven ; in Scotland, eleven. This certainly speaks well for the patriotism of the Irish immigrants in the service of their adopted country, in the army of Washington. If this is an index, the Irish contributed half the soldiers of the Pennsylvania Line in the Continental army. In the latter half of the last century there was a large emigration from Ireland to this country, and the greater part of it went to the two States of North Carolina and Pennsylvania. Most of the enlistments recorded were made in the eastern part of the State, mainly in Philadelphia and contiguous counties, and nearly all in the early part of the war, in 1776 and 1777. The occupations of the men are also given, and, with the exception of a few set down as laborers, they were all skilled mechanics or farmers, the weavers, tailors, shoemakers, hatters, tanners, millwrights, butchers, gunsmiths, predominating. There is a good sprinkling of farmers, but not nearly so many as mechanics. There are a few barbers, some schoolmasters, and one set down as a gentleman, who figures in the roll as a fifer of company 7. The average of the ages appears to be about thirty-three. Some of the occupations set down are now obsolete. We find clockmakers, breeches-makers, flax dressers, hammerman, sugar bakers, skin dressers, silk weavers, cordwindeys, fullers, muffmaker, calico printer, blockmiller, etc. The comparatively small number of common laborers, and the number ot farmers and skilled mechanics, speaks well for the composition of the Pennsylvania Line. A list of deaths in the regiment in 1782 and 1783 shows they mostly occurred in South Carolina, where it was on duty. A good many are set down as deserters, and a record is made of two executed in South Carolina for desertion, but it is notice able that nearly all the deserters are recorded as subsequently rejoining the colors- They were technical deserters.— Pittsburgh Post. 242 The American Historical Register. MONTHLY RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. JOSIAH HARMAR, Companies. Light Infantry . Bankson . . . Henderson . . Irvine .... Steele .... Boude .... Zeigler .... Becker . . Fishbourne . . Total a - ° a J- o, o Total Total Officers Vacant . . Establishment Officers Present Fit for Duty. Commissioned. Staff. Non-Commis'd. ba i 1 | | m a 1 If) £ cs d, fa 0 >u< ' 0 1 £?! 1 T3 u 1 1 . \a >"£•&,*< \ rt • — * Vc _o"30 'v a _o"0 Ud Lt. -Colonel. Major. Captains. Lieutenants diC .5?'S c W Adjutant. [ Paymaster. | Quartermas | Surgeon. | Mate.- | Sergeant M | Q'rmasterS | Drum Majo | FifeMajor. j Sergeants. U sa - il 1 3 1 . , 1 1 4 2 ! : , l| li 1 1 ! | ¦ . 1 2, 4 2 3 1 I, 2 2 I I I 4 2 Ii 4 2 I! , 5, 2 1 1 5 8 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I 30 15 >p . jSick, present 5 q Sick, absent . On Duty, present . On Command . . . On Extra Service . Absent with Leave On the Staff . . . 1 3 1 1 i6| 1 2. 1 5 10 1 I 4, 9 i' | 1, | | j 35 3 I I I ! 917 2 ii 1 H ij ij 1 ij 1 65 18 1 III 1 ' 1 1 1 9 10 9 1 i, ii 11 1 1 i* i| 1 45 18 Fit for Action. 1 51 i 35 .'5 Names. Absent Officers. TBy~Whose Leave. Places Where. Penna. Country Col. Brodhead . Capt. Becker . . . Lieut. Butler . . . Lieut. Markland . . Lieut. Blewer . . . Lieut. McKinney . . Dr. Wharry, Mate . Capt. Bankson, Major of Brigade. Capt. Fishbourne, Aid-de-Camp, Gen. Wayne Reasons. Furlough Sick Time of Absence. Ashly F'r'y Command Country Bacon's Brige Edisto. ISick Nov. 21, Nov. 28, •82 The American Historical Register. 243 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, CAMP ASHLY H'ILL, NOVEMBER 29, 1782. Rank and File. Present. ' Sick. 3 Q U 3'26 2722 2520 2623 18 218 3 c Q a. U dia ^> 3V J Ctoo,a fa c ui •2,-a < 1)rt Oh OJ(Arts S-H ra | Surgeon. Mate." | Sergeant Major. | Q'rmasterSergeants. | DrumMajor. | Fife Major. | Sergeants. fa Cdws p iifa¦a sacrt Pi Present, fit for duty i 6 12 2| ij i] i| i i I i| 1 43'i7 345 Sick, present . . . Sick, absent . . . On command . . . On furlough . . . Prisoners . . ll V I I I I 12 1 2 1 8 j I 119 21 102 ¦» Wantingto complete , Ji l1 I 23 Establishments . . I I I 1 1 9H5, 3 i| 1 1 1! 1 1 i: 1 1 65 1 1 Si 612 .5 o Joined ... Dead . . . . ' Deserted . . ' | 14 13 4 3.S Lost in service Received . . Returned . . ' Clothing. .a in oi a U > > s oiu0 IT. Crt 5 i-. O O In use 664 681 681 56 681 17 681 68 11 1 -,62 1 - 625 1362 I362 68l i "' 3 664 684 *i 0 Received . . . 684 56 < 3 Returned .... 1 1 N. B.— Lieut. Blewer was tried by a General Court Martial, and in the General Orders of the 6th instant the proceedings of the Court are referred to the Board of War— he is therefore left out of this return. On the 7th November last (the time of incorporation) the surplus Sergeants were ordered to remain, which accounts for 20 Sergeants more than the estab- The American Historical Register. 245 REGIMENT OF FOOT, COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, CAROLINA, DECEMBER 9, 1782. Arms, Accoutrements and Ammunitions. 4> Q in £ c00 enbe 3 0 O is B 3 wi T3 tt, c "P 3 pq P3U 0 en 0 rt m C O to 4^ 'a; PO 3 )-< Q fa a. in w 1-rt U 557 556 560 483 623 173 1318 II II 9 9 35 1 6, 394 | Sick, Absent. Sergeants. Wagoners. | 36 Salisbury. I Ashly Ferry. | 12 c0 ,n p.rt U Artificers. | 13 Galleyf |" ~s Bacon' s Bridge. ; 4 CO c/i>- 13 0 0 d>^0u 0 c0S3 Ph & O 10 ¦3P5 13O tn u0 3 DO O c 3 fa 'rt isrti*tu SB OM 3 "o ¦-.a U.a ti 0 c3O U QJGrt CO a M 'rt'E- 0 X c O 3 "rt 1 >>'E 1 . £ 1 2 I w "« crt is aU O 0 2 2! 2 35 629 623 623 499 435 1751516 7o| 65 1 63 1 ! 163 9 35 216 19,772 3,162 Camp Equipage. W c. rt c 0 ^! "3 >0 X a. JS X T3 us pa d a> 23 3 29 3 80 7 118 3' 24 2 29 3 480 5 2 587 1 302 30 1 ' 4 16 3 2 2 344 26 40 7 1 ¦3 6 4 3026 4 1 1 4 2 lishment. The three pairs of woolen breeches and hose returned lost were stolen from the regimental clothier. The several articles o* camp equipage returned lost are worn out in service. The regiment labors under very many inconveniences in regard to clothing. The men are all enlisted for the war and have not received a regimental coat nor hat since the ist of Jan., 1781. 246 The American Historical Register. MONTHLY RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, Officers Present Fit for Duty. Commissioned. Staff. ^on-Commis'd- biC 0 1 \ *j •c c c « -1. £ ! . ster or. Ser 0 £ c 1 d> • >-• ci i '—r> i_ si- iS « rt' O ¦0 c Companies. 1 C "0 *. U - U O 1 cT 3a. ci U 3u I c .5? 'S c W rt ' to ¦O ! d < Ph | Quarte | Surgeo j Mate. 1 Sergt. | Drum s£E rt (/J 3rt P< 4 2 Ii 1 4| 2 Henderson 1 1! 1 3 2 Irvine •1 ! 1 6: 2 Steele tI II 3'23 2 ; i 4! 2 Zeigler . . . i '1 1 21 !'Ji* Fishbourne . Total ! 1 . 3'i°' I , 1 i' 1 1 1 il 1 37 18 •&" Sick, present . . . 1 9 •a " Sick, absent . . . 1 1 1 c a) On duty, present . . 1 1 1 ., is t e On command . . . 1 2i 1 53 « On extra service . . l':i 2 £-3 Absent with leave . 1 1 0 On the staff 1 1 1 2 2! il 1 ^To tal . . . - 1I 6 6{ 21 1 1 1 il 1 23 - 1 r 1 Total Officers • 9I16 2 1 60 18 — — i j j — 1 1 I 1 r ir c TJ 1 ' 1 ; 1 1 n 1 il 1 1I45 '18 - — — Fit for Action. 1 4,1' I42I18 Names. Col. Brodhead, . Capt. Becker, . . Lieut. Butler, .• . Lieut. McPherson Lieut. Henley, . . Capt. Zeigler, . . Surgn. Mate Wharry , Absent Officers. Places Where. By whose leave. Penna. L -Col. Harmar Country Reasons. Furlough S;ck Time of Absence. Nov. 7, 1782 Capt. Bankson, Major of Brigade. Capt. Fishbourne, Aid-de-Camp Genl. Wayne. Gen. GreeneiAfter Cattle On com'nd Dec. 20, 1782 | •¦ •• " 24,1782 L.-Col. Harmar iCharlest'n Command " 20, 1782 lEdisto ISick ,Nov.i5,i782 The American Historical Register. 247 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, CAMP ASHLY HILL, DECEMBER 27, 1782. Want'g Rank AND File. to Com plete. Alterations Since Last Return. Present. Sick. crt VCJ > 1) to * in fa fa T) in03O Joined. >. t/i fa fa 3 Q >, ¦*J 3' u _o in3 3rt T3 C 13 t T3 CU fa in3 3rt T3 3 Q 13 c 0CAV cW .a O u c X fa a 3 fa C 3 c 0 73 0 acuhrj aE a TJ rt uV in CO inrt O £0 3.CU rtcu£? in E crt fa O fa < O O O u H W u fa 9 fa fa H fa H 01 Q fa 40 7 II 1 59 3« 7 5 4 5 7 66 2 I 35 6 i3i 2 4 5 65 3 I 3° 5 17 2 4 9 67 1 I I 32 7 15 2 4 7 I 68 31 8 10 2 4 10 I 6b 2 32 6 18I 1 2 6 I 66 2 I I 33 5 14 1 .3 7 63 5 2 1 28 5 18 3 * 8 I 67 1 25 I 6 I 299' 56 121 17 3° 60 2 2! 587 2 Camden . . 2 331 Wagoners. . . fa Country . . 2 12 Artificers. en 0 N. Carolina . 1 1 Butcher. Gen. Hospital 12 i3'Waiters, field, t ;tc. Mr. Fuller's I After Cattle . 18 1 Asst. Clothiers. Mrs. Fuller's . . I Clothiers 1 Governor s . . . I Salisbury . . 1 Charlestown . I Commissary 1 Ashly Ferry . . I Genl. Wayne Galley . 2 Commissary I 5 After Cattle . . . I C.Fishbourne 1 Gen'l Hospital I Ashly Ferry 1 Mrs. Elliott's . . I i 17 3° ~6o Tot al . . . . 9 bo P 00 0. 337 1 18 355 A subaltern and eleven privates have been ordered on command since this return was made ; 4 sergeants transferred to Pennsylvania, one sergeant dead. Lieutenant Blewer was tried by a general court martial, and the proceedings referred to the board of war, he is therefore left out of ye returns of the regiment. 248 The American Historical Register. MONTHLY RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, Companies. Bankson SteeleBoude .... Zeigler . . Becker . . . Fishbourne . . Total Officers Present Fit for Duty. Commissioned, Staff. Non-Commis'd. 5 7 i i i i 1 26 1& 3 0 3 . o Sick, present . Sick, absent . . On Duty, present On Command . . . On Extra Service Absent with Leave . On the Staff .... J 1 I 3i I I 1 1 1 1 2 I I ] 1 2 1 II13 Total . . Total Officers Vacant Establishment . . . III 11 II I II 49 9 9 16 10 2 2 1 9 i1 , 34 i | 1 j 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 60 1 ! ! : | ; I ! ! 1 1 1 il 1! 1 1 ii i| i. 1 1 ;45 18 Fit for Action. 6 7 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 if 1 1 11 1I37 III III 1 1 1 w Absent Officers' Names. Col. Broadhead Captain Finney Lieut. Butler . . Lieut. Hammond Lieut. Reeves . . Capt. Becker . . Lieut. Berins . . Lieut. Moore . . Lieut. McKinney By Whose Leave. Places Where. 'Penna. Lt.-c. Harmar Country Reasons. Furlough Sick B. G. Gist |Gen.Hosp. Command .Country J Lt.-C. Harmar " Furlough Major Moore, Deputy Adjutant General. Capt. Fishbourne, Aid-de-Camp B. G. Wayne, Time of Absence. Jan. 17, 1783 Nov. 7, 1782 Jan. 25, 1783 " 25, 1783 " 7. 1783 " 20, 1783 " 25, 1783 " 26, 1783 The American Historical Register. 249 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, CAMP JAMES ISLAND, JANUARY 31, 1783. Rank and File. Present. Sick. 3 Q 3 O fa J2 < •a s o U ci O J3 ho 3 £ 3 fa 3 O 34 9 7 »' 36 5 6 3! 11 41 28 11 11 i, 7 5 29 7 12, 187 2i! 12 12 1 13 7 32 11 71 1 4 9 27 6, 141 21 in 5 28 9 13; 1 6 5. 29 9 11 2 7; 6 o H I Want'g |toCom-1 plete. xi cu 3 " «* Ifa cu i 3 £1* 3 ' 5 :- ; rt Alterations Since Last Return. j Joined. I965636468 65 656264 ~ in " ' 3 u I 3 | S I Ji Q !H Ph H loo fa XJ 3 rt 3 rtcu > U) n cu 00 a 264. 79; 931 i2| 751 49I 31 575 37 ' 7 ro x fa £ i'H 4! il General Hospital... Camden North Carolina After Cattle Capt. Fishbourne... Tailors Galley Ashly Hill Attending Tailors., With Clothiers General Hospital... Safe Guards Commissary AttheCutt Near Camp After Forage Gen. Gist Lt. Moore o = s-3 75 Ii 23 1 1012 2 49 Wagoners.Assistant. Wait'rs.F. &St'ff. Artificers. Butchers.Capt. Patterson. Sergeants. Safe Guards . Charlestown Wappoo . . . Ashly Hill . Tailors . . . Hatters . . . Commissary After Cattle . 5 11 1 4 111 15 325 343i 250 The American Historical Register. MONTHLY RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, Officers Present Fit for Duty. Companies. Light Infantry Bankson . . HendersonIrvine . Steele . . . Boude . . Zeigler . . Becker . Fishbourne Total a d Q « 3 «- o a in CJ )-. in iB< o Sick, present Sick, absent On Duty, present . On Command . . . On Extra Service . Absent with Leave On the Staff . . . Total Total Officers Vacant . Establishment . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I45'8 Fit for Action. Names. 1 5 9 1 1 1 11401!: Absent Officers. By Whosel Places Leave. ' Where. Reasons. Time' of Absence. Col. Brodhead Penna. [Furlough Capt. Becker IB. G. Gist Gen.Hosp. Command Jan. 7. Lieut. Hammond . . . Lt.-C. HarmarlCountry. Sick 'Jan. 20. Major Moore, Deputy Adjutant-General, P. Tem. Capt. Fishbourne, Aid-de-Camp, Gen. Wayne. The American Historical Register. 251 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, CAMP JAMES ISLAND, FEBRUARY 28, 1783. Rank and File. Present. Sick. 4i 3i 31373°3535353i 3 Q 3 O 3°6' 57 99 60 .3 bo3 Want'g to Com plete. o H 4i 59 6563646863656263 1 572 Alterations Since Last Return. T3 c .* -d 3 rt ci cu fa Q 9 3 5 1 4! 5 3 6 1 5 2 40 4l 1 1 I fa Joined. fa p 3 oo Q fa I Camden North Carolina , General Hospital.. Capt. Fishbourne... At theCutt Q'rmaster General. Tailors and Cooks. Detached Fatigue. Ashly Hill Safe Guard C. General Forage Guard Gen. Gist 345 Wagoners. Wait'rs.F. &St'ff. Artificers. Asst. Clothiers. Sergeants. 60 41 18 3«3 Safe Guards . . . . Tailors At Charlestown . . At ye Commissaries On Fatigue .... 6 3 1 11 12 Lieutenant McKinney has General Greene's permission to go to Pennsylvania to obtain leave of retiring with the emolu- tions agreeably to the acts of Congress of the%ipth November, 1782; he is therefore left out of this return. Lieut. Wheitzel joined, and Ensign Denny promoted since last monthly return. Sergeant Nicholas Neal reduced to a private. (To be continued!) Facsimile of a portion of a Letter of General Schuyler. /v Zr2s£ ^run^> rf/£»^ ^ ^ ' Arfe>~~) '* '> \ S-C AT J&^JSL^/y?^ \ ** C/JsV^A ry,r^y /y, yCsys**- /ft ry,>n 1 Sy^ , *r £ sr,, *//* ¦¦/ Charles Irvine, of Cults, and Ann m. Mr. Joseph Chalmers, minister of David. Some Colonial Families. 3 1 1 daughter of Lewis Johnston, his former friend and copartner in the practice of medicine, and formerly one of his Majesty's Royal Council. By the last marriage he had no issue. Doctor John Irvine's first wife was Ann Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Kenneth Baillie* and by her had the following children, as the family Bible shows, and also the will of his wife : I. Charles Irvine, b. July 22, 1766, d. November 30, 1803; m. Elizabeth Darling. Member of the Liberty Co. Independent Troop. II. Euphemia Irvine, b. March 14, 1768, d. July 14, 1768. III. Anne Irvine, & January 14, 1770, m., first, April 13, 1786, Captain James Bulloch, of the American army (eldest son of Archibald Bulloch, president of Georgia, 1776, and Mary daughter of James DeVeaux, senior assistant-judge of King's Court in Georgia, in 1760); and Anne, daughter of Richard Fairchild and Anne, daughter of Edmund Bellinger, first Land grave, or Earl, of the name in South Carolina). She m. secondly James Powell, of Liberty Co., Ga. * This ancient baronial family of the Baliol blood descends from Sir John Baillie, of Hoprig, one of those who met at Berwick in 1292 with King Edward I., of Eng land, to hear the claims of the competitors for the Crown of Scotland. Sir John Baillie had a son, Sir William of Hoprig, who m. the only daughter of the great Sir William Wallace, and had Sir William II. of Hoprig, who m. Isabel Seaton through whom the Baillies got the property of Lamington. Sir Christopher Seaton (executed in London in 1306 along with Nigel Bruce) tn. Christian Bruce, sister of Nigel and Robert Bruce, and had Sir Alexander who was, in 1329, entered as "of Lamington" and m. Catharine Sinclair, of Hermand- stone. Their daughter, Isabel Seaton, heiress of Lamington, m. Sir William Baillie2, of Hoprig, and had Sir William Baillie3, of Hoprig and Lamington, who m. Catharine, daughter of Sir John, Lord Hamilton of Cadzow, of the ancient and princely line of Hamilton. Sir William Baillie and Catharine Hamilton had issue, and it would appear that the family of Baillie of Dunain branched off about this time, as we know they descend from the Baillies of Lamington. " The Baillies, it seemed, had enjoyed the Barony of Dunane about three hundred years, and came into v possession of it in the following manner : The first of the Dunane family was a son of Baillie, of Hoprig and Lamington, who, for his bravery as a volunteer in the Battle of Brechin, 1452, was sometime after rewarded by the Earl of Huntley with this and other lands." In the " History of Clan McKenzie " we are told that Alexander Baillie, the ninth of Dunain, married Jane McKenzie, daughter of Sir Kenneth McKenzie, of Coul, and Jane, daughter of The Chisholm. Jones, in his "History of Georgia," says the Baillies came from Inverness. The Dunain property is near Inverness, Scot land. In 1735 (See "Colonial Acts of Trustees") we find Kenneth Baillie was ensign in the Darien Rangers. In the archives in Atlanta, Ga., there is the will of 3,12 The American Historical Register. IV. Robert Irvine, b. January 4, 1772, d. soon afterwards. V. Robert Irvine, b. February 15, 1773, d. November 17. 1773- VI. Jane Irvine, b. January 15, 1775; m. first Alexander Farquharson, of Scotland, and m. secondly James Smith, of Darien, Ga. VII. Margaret, Irvine, b. February 23,1777, d. July 26, 18 1 3 ; m. George Ladson, December 7, 1809. VIII. John Irvine, b. March 8, 1779, d. August 30, 1781. IX. Alexander Irvine, b. at Cattle Park, an estate near Savannah, Ga. July 4, 1781 ; m. June 19, 1806, Sarah Ann Wingate, a daughter of Governor Caswell, of North Carolina. X. Kenneth Irvine, b. December 3, 1783, d. November 16, 1814; m. June 21, 1804. XI. Elizabeth Irvine, b. January 18, 1786; m. first Thomas Baillie, December 17, 1805; and m. secondly Mr. Powell, June 23, 1813. XII. Sophia Irvine, b. November 26, 1787; m. William Evans, January 6, 1803 ; d. February 19, 1857. XIII. Isabel Irvine, b. July 1, 1791 ; m. July 13, 1809, Mr. Cuthbert; d. November 2, 1812. Joseph Gaston Bullock, M. D. (To be continued!) Kenneth Baillie, who leaves property to his " sons Kenneth, Alexander, Robert Carnibe, daughters Ann Elizabeth, now wife of John Irvine, surgeon in Sunbury, Jane, wife of Andrew Darling, Merchant in Sunbury." Mrs. Ann Elizabeth (Baillie) Irvine mentions in her will, on record in Court House of her plantation of Dunane, her daughter Ann Bulloch and others. From the forgoing, then it would seem that Kenneth Baillie, called captain in Colonial Acts, colonel in the Ga. Gazette, was the son of Alexander Baillie9, of Dunain, and Jane, daughter of Sir Kenneth McKenzie, of Coul, Baronet, and Jane, daughter of The Chrisholm, a family descended from the Mcintosh and other families in Scotland. Colonel Kenneth Baillie, who died July 1 766 (date of will, 1 766) , m. Elizabeth , and had issue : Kenneth, Jr., d. Dec, 18, 1767 (Ga. Gazette) ; Alexander; Robert Camibe (Dr. Irvine was his administrator, Ga. Gazette) ; Ann Elizabeth, who m. at Sunbury Sept. 5, 1765, John Irvine, M. D. ; Jean, who m. at Fairfield Sept. 6, 1764, Andrew Darling (Ga. Gazette), mentioned as daughter of Col. Kenneth Baillie in his will, and had Elizabeth, m. Charles Irvine, her cousin, Sept. 27, 1789 ; had one son, John Robert Irvine, bap. March 8, 1790 (Elizabeth Darling d. Nov. 7, 1793; Charles Irvine, d. Nov. 30, 1803. Records Midway Church and Family Bible); Jean m. Philip Lowe, Oct. 20, 1778 ; Euphemia m. Oct. 18, 1787, Artemas Baker, son of Col. William Baker, and nephew of Col, Jno. Baker of the noted family of that name in Liberty Co., Ga. They had issue, Artemas and Jane Euphemia Darling Baker. THE REGULATORS OF NORTH CAROLINA. BY W. H. BAILEY, SR., LL. D. For nearly a century after the suppression of the Regula tion emeute, the movement was treated by our historians, save Jones, as the uprising of a mob, whose energies were directed toward the lynching of certain officers for real or fancied mal feasances But, in the course of time, certain gentlemen of great literary repute have undertaken to give quite a different turn to the character of the insurrection itself and to convert those who had only been deemed, theretofore, rioters into heroes and mar tyrs. Coming, as these views originally did, from such intelligent sources, even the judicious McRee was so staggered thereby as to declare, so late as 1857, that " very conflicting opinions are entertained of the motives, conduct and character of the Regu lators ; but it belongs to general history to sift evidence and to render a righteous verdict." ' Perhaps a correct judgment might never have been capable of being formed but for the flood of light thrown upon the Regulators and their actions by the Colonial Records. Perhaps Caruthers' defense of and apology for them would have lacked much of its vivacity and flavor of romance, as well as have been sheared of its disingenuousness, had that distinguished divine known that not a half dozen of the Regulators belonged to the Church of which he was so distin guished an ornament. In his eagerness to invest the Regulators with a savour of decent company, he has the hardihood to assert that Maurice Moore and Alexander Martin were Regulators and Rev. Dr. Caldwell favorable to their cause. This learned biographer rolls the castigations given by the Regulators to the objects of their vengeance, the sheriffs, as a sweet morsel under his tongue, and even gives it his approbation in stating that they were " well lynched," received a " good dressing," etc. 1 I. McRee, Life, etc. J. Iredell, 77. 314 The American Historical Register. Dr. Caruthers admits that he had seen " The Regulators' Docket;" and how does he characterize those vulgar, profane, not to say blasphemous, entries ? He says " their decisions were perfectly ridiculous." Had he noted carefully their entry in No. 8 — that is, " the elect pays costs " — he might have rightly concluded that a crowd of Presbyterians would not have used the term " elect," that being employed by their opponents as a mark of ridicule. This much has been advanced to show that Dr. Caruthers is an intensely biased witness ; that his laudations of the Regulators, as well as his fierce invectives against those who then constituted the best element of the population of the Province of North Carolina, should, therefore, be received cum grano salis. Other writers, taking the cue from the astute Caruthers, have, in a greater or lesser degree, fallen into his rut. But let us now, by the light of facts, not conjecture, and in a spirit of justice, without prejudice or predeliction, endeavor to establish, as to the Regulation, the indisputable truth of history. In order to do this, with any approach to accuracy, we must trace the rise, development and culmination of the outbreak; eviscerate the causes that led to it ; ascertain what reasons con tinued and ripened it into a revolt, if such it became. When we say what causes, it should be understood of those assigned by the very participants themselves. The first declaration we have is an extract from Husbands' book, 7 Col. Rec. 89; Wheel. Hist. Pt. II, 301, dated June 6, 1765, as follows : Well, gentlemen, it is not our form or mode of government nor yet the body of our laws that we are quarreling with ; but with the malpractices of the officers of our County Court and the abuses that we suffer by those that are impowered to manage our public affairs.1 Husbands then points out the abuses, namely : 1st. that the lawyers whilst only allowed, by law, to take no more than fifteen shillings for a fee in the County Court, exact thirty in every case and frequently four and five pounds. 2d. that the clerks exact forty-one shillings and five pence for their services in entering up judgment on a judgment-bond. 3d. that the lawyer employed to confess judgment charges thirty shillings. 4th. that the Sheriffs have to be paid. 5th. that when goods are sold under execution they fail to bring one-tenth of their value and lastly that on a deficiency of personal property land must be sold. 1 In all the quotations to follow, the original punctuation is strictly preserved, although often exceedingly faulty. Allowance should be made. The Regulators of North Carolina. 3 1 5 He then adds : if these things were absolutely according to law it were enough to make us throw off all submission to such tyrannical laws . but as these practices are contrary to law, it is our duty to put a stop to them, etc. He concludes : let us do nothing against the known established laws of our land, that we appear not as a faction endeavoring to subvert the laws and overturn the system of our government ; but let us take care to appear what we really are, free subjects by birth, endeavoring to recover our native lost rights, of reducing the malpractices of the officers of our Court down to the standard of the law. Husbands then suggests that persons who petitioned the legislature for redress were thereupon sued for libel. Preparations for a meeting followed, and, at that meeting, held August 20, 1766, a resolution was passed for another at Maddox Mills, on October 10, following, to inquire as to the tax laid. At a subsequent meeting, they agreed upon certain lines of conduct, resolving : 1st. to pay no more taxes until satisfied that they are agreable to law and properly applied ; 2d. to pay no more fees than the law allows ; 3d. to have frequent meetings for consultation and to petition the Legislature ; 4th. to contribute toward defraying expenses ; 5th. that the majority should rule. Other meetings followed, and, on April 4, 1768, they adopted for themselves the name of Regulators. At a meeting, held May 21, 1768, they express loyalty to the Crown and a firm attachment " to the present establishment and form of government" and profess that their grievances are attributable to the " roguish practices of men who have crept into posts of office." They then waited on the Governor with their memorial, to which His Excellency replied, amongst other matters, " that the grievances complained of by no means warrant the extraordinary step you have taken, in assembling yourselves together in arms, to the obstruction of the course of justice," etc. He assures them that he will order the Attorney-General "to prosecute every officer who has been guilty of extortion or illegal prac tices in his office" upon the proper data being lodged, etc.1 His Excellency, thereupon, issued a proclamation enjoining all officers 1 See 7 Col. Rec. 249, 250, 251, 671, 672, 699, 702, 716, 726. 3 1 6 The American Historical Register. not to demand or receive any public illegal fees upon pain of removal and indictment.1 The Anson County Regulators, in 1768, resolve that the tax is very high and that, owing to the scarcity of money, they are unable to pay it and "therefore have thought it convenient2 to stay the payment of the tax aforesaid" but still acknowledge themselves true and lawful subjects to the Crown of Great Britain. They then take an oath to rescue any distress for taxes, etc.3 The next meeting was held on Rocky river, April 30, 1768, at which they formulate instructions to their " Settlers " — a new, but expressive, term for their executive officers — of grievances providing for a critical examination into the taxes ; also, the " cost by law for recording and proving deeds, letters of admin istration, testamentary indentures and fees in common law," and an oath is prescribed for such " Settlers," in which they are required to swear that they will cause the officers to settle " according to law." 4 Then comes a memorial from the inhabi tants of Orange county to the Governor and Council, alleging that they are required to pay more " for recording deeds than any of the adjacent counties." This memorial was very numer ously signed. On May 21, 1768, the Regulators again met and denounced the oppression of officers.5 Shortly thereafter, another memorial was addressed to the Governor and Council in which the Regu lators disclaim disaffection "to your present Legislative body."6 They admit, in this paper, that they fired into Fanning's house and that they rescued property seized but disclaim violence. They also aver, therein, that Husbands had not joined the Regulators. In a later memorial the Regulators admitted that they were " heartily sorry for our past misconduct" and aver their " readi ness to submit to the laws of our country in paying the public dues for the support of the government" and say that they have " nothing to offer in excuse of our errors or in mitigation of our past offences but only 1 7 Col. Rec. 231. ' Mark Twain or Johnson Hooper (if alive), Dr. Battle, and a very few others could properly inhale the true perfume of such grim, but exquisite, humor. It is, of course, lost to the millions. 3 7 Col. Rec. 726. * lb. 732. 6 lb. 758. « /*. 760. The Regulators of North Carolina. 317 that the partys aggrieved were ignorant men, etc. . . thus, Sir, has want of knowledge and misapprehension been the cause of all our late unwarrantable behaviour." * Then follow various exhibits tending to prove extortion.2 The Regulators still adhered to their charge of the oppression by the officers but disclaim any intent to rescue prisoners.3 This alludes to the rescue of certain Regulators who were to be tried at New Bern. The Regulators, in view of a threat " to suppress " them (an incisive epigrammatic French expression though here employed in a modified sense), avow their complete allegiance and unfeigned love for the Sovereign and promise to shed their last drop of blood for him and declare that they bear no " ill-will to any but our cruel oppressors from which number we exclude your Excellency." * This was, shortly afterwards, repeated.5 The Regulators again made a rescue of property distrained for tax. 6 I have, thus far, given the statements and actions of the Regulators taken, not from hearsay, as did, to a great extent, Dr. Caruthers, but from the official documents themselves on file and printed in the Colonial Records. This, in order to the elucidation of the truth of history, necessitates a recurrence to the action taken by the authorities. On June 25, 1766, Governor Tryon issued a proclamation enjoining all public officers from demanding illegal fees.7 On April 7, 1768, he issued another proclamation reciting that there had been several riotous assemblies, etc., and commanding the several colonels of militia to hold their regiments in readiness to suppress any injuries that might be attempted by the rioters.8 On April 27, 1768, the Governor expresses his " concern " at the conduct of the insurgents. He regards it as an infatuation instigated by a few persons whose character is as desperate as their fortunes and who, having nothing to lose, scruple not to involve men of a far different character. He expresses his confidence that, ultimately, the better class will separate themselves from such dangerous associations. To be properly weighed, it should be stated that these reflections were conveyed in a private letter to Colonel Fanning.9 At the same time, His Excellency issued a proclamation commanding the insurgents to disperse.10 An awful riot is represented to the 1 lb. 771. 2 lb. 773-783. 3 lb. 811. * lb. %12, 5 lb. 812,813. 6 yg. 857. '/«. 231. */b. 718. s/b. 719. 10 lb. 721. 3 1 8 The American Historical Register. Governor to have occurred, by Colonel Spencer (then clerk of Anson, afterwards ajudge). The Governor, in response, said that it gave him " real concern," and further says, that if the people of Anson labor under any real grievance they should present their complaints to the General Assembly or to him and that " if within my power I am persuaded they will experience proportionable redress.1 He says further that, as ardently as I wish the distractions which threaten the peace of this country may be properly terminated, the authors of them may be certain I feel too powerful a concern for the honor of His Majesty's government and the general good of his subjects here to stand a calm spectator and suffer the most dissolute part of the inhabitants of this province to pay off their public taxes by insurrections.2 It is, indeed, an admirable letter. On May 17, 1768, His Excellency issued another proclamation to the insurgents com manding them to disperse, etc.3 In a letter to the Earl of Hills borough, His Excellency details the conduct of the Regulators and his action and states that he intends to go among them to be the better informed of their grounds of disaffection.4 He trans mits their memorial to the home authorities and states that the grievances complained of do not warrant the action taken by the Regulators.5 On July 1, 1768, His Excellency issues another proclamation enjoining all officers from taking or receiving more fees than are allowed by law.6 Before August 13, 1768, His Excel lency sent to the Regulators, by Sheriff Harris, a letter in which he informs the inhabitants of Orange that he has directed prose cutions and that they must pay their taxes, and, that Mr. Harris returned for answer that " the insurgents, to a man, refused to pay their taxes and threatened the life of any person who should attempt to distrain for them."7 About this time, the four Pres byterian ministers of the Province addressed letters to the Governor and also to the Presbyterian inhabitants. Of these, later on. About June, 1768, the Governor addressed a remonstrative letter to the insurgents and trusted that his letter had had a proper effect, but, being without response, he proceeded to Hills borough. He, hearing that his letter was being disregarded, sent word by the Sheriff to the insurgents to pay their taxes. The 1 7». 727. a 7». 728. * lb. 751. */b.79i. 5792-795. '¦lb. 795,796. »/*. 801. The Regulators of North Carolina. 319 Sheriff reported that the people refused to pay their taxes and declared that they would kill anyone who should dare to distrain for the same. On August io, 1768, intelligence was brought to the Governor that upwards of five hundred men were coming into Hillsborough and that their intention was that if their demands were not complied with they would burn the town. Upon confirmation of such designs, His Excellency took steps to prevent the same. He received a deputation of the insur gents and told them that he had done everything, so far as his duty permitted, to satisfy them, and had pointed out to them their proper mode of redress. They replied that " they wanted to have a settlement their own way." The Governor remonstrated with the insurgents,1 and, thereupon, he prepared for war.* 2 The Regulators (September, 1 768) prayed pardon.3 On October 3, 1768, His Excellency issued a proclamation in which he recites that " the greater number of these insurgents having testified a sense of the heinousness of their crimes " he grants a pardon to them with certain exceptions.* His Excel lency writes to the Board, October 25, 1768, that he had stopped the violence of the insurgents.5 On October 29, 1768, the leaders of the Regulation all declare, to the Governor, themselves as ready " to comply with and be obedient to the laws of the government," and submitted to distraints.6 The Governor (December 24, 1768) informed the Earl of Hillsborough that comparative quiet had been restored, and, he says that he can avouch " that not a person of the character of a gentleman appeared amongst these insurgents."7 The Upper House of the Province proposed that the insur gents might be prosecuted in a district other than that in which the offense was committed, but, the Assembly! refused to concur therein.8 The Regulators remained quiescent for a few months but, on April 14, 1769, His Excellency lays before the Council a letter from John Lea, Sheriff of Orange, representing that he had been severely whipped by Ninian Hamilton, Devinney and 1 lb. 819, 820, 821. * Rev. Foote utterly perverts history in this regard. (Foote, sketches, 4&) 2 lb. 821 et. sea. s lb. 840. * lb. 850, 851. 5 lb. 859. 6 lb. 863, 864. 7 lb. 885, 886. 8 Jb. 966. t The House of Burgesses — the popular branch. 320 The American Historical Register. other Regulators for attempting to serve a capias on Hamilton for a breach of the peace. The consideration whereof was post poned for further information.1 Upon investigation, His Excel lency reports that this outrage was disapproved by the great body of the Regulators.2 The Regulators had, by August, 1769, revived to that degree that the Sheriff of Orange county could not procure sureties3 September 14, 1769,3 committee of the Regulators informed Husbands that they endeavored to have bills found against the Frohocks, clerk and sub-sheriff, but that the Grand Jury ignored the bills, and, further complain that the jury was illegally chosen.4 In October, 1769, the Regulators memorialize the House of Burgesses, alleging : 1st. Disproportionate taxation ; 2nd. The lack of a law providing for payment of taxes in produce ; 3d. That the lawyers, clerks &c, extort exorbitant fees ; 4th. That a man can be sued out of his district ; 5th. That all unlawful fees taken from a defendant acquitted (however custo mary) is an oppression ; 6th. That the Extortion of Lawyers, clerks and others is an oppression ; 7th. That the violation of the King's instructions to his delegates, &c, is an oppression ; Therefore, they pray relief, as follows : 1. That all elections be by ballot ; 2. Ad valorem taxarion ; 3. No tax to be laid in money ; 4. The establishment of a Western District and a Treasurer for the same ; 5. That the currency be let out by a loan office (on land security) and not be called in by a tax ; 6. That all debts above 40s. and under ;£iobe tried without lawyers, &c; 7. That the Chief-Justice have no perquisites but a salary ; 8. That the clerks be restricted in respect to fees, costs, &c. ; 9. That the lawyers be effectually barred from exacting and extorting fees ; 10. That a defendant, on acquittal, be relieved from payment of any costs ; 11. That the Assembly memorialize the Crown to cause collectors of quit-rents to collect by distraint and refrain from suing in district courts ; 12, 13 and 14. That the Assembly will also make known certain abuses of the Governor and Council in granting land ; 15. That all taxes in the counties of Anson, Rowan, Orange, Mecklenburg and Tryon be paid in the produce of the country ; 16. That every denomination of people may marry according to their respective mode, ceremony and custom ;* 1 8. Col. Rec. 26, 27. » lb. 32. 3 lb. 64. * lb. 6S. * This would seem to exclude Church of England men from the organization. The Regulators of North Carolina. 321 17. That Doct. Benjamin Franklin, or some other known patriot, be appointed agent to solicit the affairs of the Province in England.1 Of the 260 signers, it is noticeable that not one of the " original panel " of Regulators' names appear thereto. All are from Anson county. A petition to the Governor and General Assembly also appears complaining that certain dissenting clergy men are not allowed to marry by publication of banns.2 Another petition, without date, appears from the inhabitants of the.counties of Orange and Rowan in which they set forth that they have suf- ered under many oppressions committed by court officers; they complain of "the summons and petition act;" they complain that lawyers and clerks are elected burgesses ; they complain of people voting for them being induced thereto " by treats." This is evidently aimed at Fanning and Frohock. As a remedy they propose that lawyers and clerks be prohibited, by law, from offer ing themselves as candidates.* " And, in case any should be chose, that choice shall be utterly void !" They pray that the clerks etc., may be salaried ; that lawyers may be effectually restrained from taking excessive fees under heavy pains and penalties ; that an act may be passed to remove the then clerks and to fill their places with gentlemen of probity and that judges, lawyers and sheriffs may be prohibited from " fingering " any of their fees until a final determination of each suit. They pray that dissenting ministers maybe allowed to marry persons accord ing to their own rituals. f They pray for the erection of tax dis tricts; also pray for an ad valorem system of taxation ; to extend the civil jurisdiction of justices, but to allow no appeal ; to make inspection notes lawful tender ; they pray for a division of the county, presumably, Orange ; they pray that certain staples be established to meet foreign demands; they also pray that inquiry may be made into the status of the sinking fund and lastly that the yeas and nays may be inserted in the journals.3 In 1770, probably in the early fall, one hundred and seventy- four inhabitants of Orange county, address a memorial to the 1 lb. 76 et. seq. 2 Jb. 806. * This looks like " the Alliance " was in full blast even at that remote period. f Here we have a provision which would seem to exclude Church of England men. 8 /*. 81-85. ^22 The American Historical Register. judges of the General Court in which they complain of "extor tions and improper selection of jurors and pray that extortionate officers, lawyers and clerks may be brought to fair trials and that the collectors of the public money may be brought to a proper settlement."1 We find an address to His Excellency, headed as from "the inhabitants of the north side of Orange county," not dated nor signed except in this way " True Friends to the Government." It was, probably, issued in the spring of 177 1 as it alludes to the " busy time of the year." This anonymous address asserts a bold defiance to His Excellency ; states that if his purpose in going to the up-country be to suppress the Regulators he will be met with resistance.2 His Excellency does not seem to have noticed it, doubtless, because it was anonymous.* So much, it was deemed necessary to premise, in condensed form, in order that the causes assigned for the Regulation might be received from the Regulators themselves. It is meet, now, that we should recur to the action of the authorities down to the year 1 770, taken with regard to the insurgents, that year being the culminating period of the' revolt. On June 25, 1766, Governor Tryon issued a proclamation recit ing that complaint had been made that exorbitant fees had been demanded and taken by the several public officers and enjoining such officers from thereafter taking the same under pain of being removed from office and being prosecuted therefor.3 Colonel Fanning writes, April 23, 1768, to the Governor representing that he had expostulated with four of the leading Regulators and that three of them acknowledged the impro priety of their conduct and promised to put an end to it so far as they were able ; that they threaten to environ Hillsborough with 1500 men, to execute their vengeance on him and to lay the town in ashes but he doubts whether matters will be carried to such extremity ; he doubts his ability to raise a sufficient force to counteract their designs ; but states that he will repulse them or 1 /*. 231-235. » /,(_ 543_ * The inquiring reader is referred to 2. Wheel. Hist. 301, for Husbands' account. The " up-country ' ' doubtless referred to Orange and other inland counties, the Gov ernor's residence being at New Bern near the sea-coast. 3 7. Col. Rec. 230, 231. The Regulators of North Carolina. 323 '" nobly die;" he concludes by referring the matter to His Excel lency.1 In reply, April 27, 1768, His Excellency states that this infor mation afforded him " no less surprise than hearty and real concern " and then proposes to go to the scene so soon as he shall be advised that his presence shall become necessary ; he expresses the hope that matters may not come to extremities before the effect of his proclamation may be tested. He incloses a circular warrant in which, after reciting the riotous conduct of the insurgents, he commands the Colonels in the insurrectionary district to hold their regiments in readiness to march to suppress the threatened insurrection.2 In another letter, of the same date, His Excellency reiterates his " truly sensible concern " at the contents of Fanning's letter. He says few events of his life have given him " more real con cern " and exclaims : Is it possible that the same men, whom I received with so much pride and happiness last yearand whose good behavior &c, has been the frequent subject of my reflection and conversation since should now be loaded with the opprobrious titles of insurgents and violators of the public peace. . this surely can only be an infatua tion, instigated by a few persons whose characters are as desperate as their fortunes and, who, having nothing themselves to lose, scruple not to involve men of far different character and stamp into all the calamities and miseries of civil discord. 3 On the same day, the Council declare themselves of opinion that an absolute insurrection of a dangerous tendency has broken out in Orange county and resolve that a proclamation be issued for suppressing the same. Thereupon it is issued and, reciting that information has been made that riotous persons in that county have confederated to oppose the just measures of Government and had committed outrages, etc., it is ordered that all such persons do disperse and submit themselves to the law and the civil and military officers are commanded to take all proper means to suppress the tumult.4 As to the various out rages committed they are detailed throughout the seventh and eighth volumes of the Colonial Records. It would prove tedious to even notice all, so we shall only give condensed statements taken from reliable sources as we proceed. 1 jW. 713. 2 lb. 717-719. 3 Lb. 719. * Lb. 721. 324 The American Historical Register. Colonel (afterwards) Judge Spencer, in a letter to the Gov ernor, dated April 28, 1768, states that the Regulators of Anson county, stirred up by transient persons, new-comers, desperadoes and those who have not paid a tax for several years past were prevailed upon to resist the Sheriff in collecting the taxes that they came into the court-house to the number of about forty, armed with clubs and some fire:arms, and, before the opening of the Court, took possession of the court-house and proclaimed that there should be no court held there ; that by the in tervention of certain persons court was allowed to be opened ; that on the next morn ing the mob appeared in larger numbers in the court-room armed, made great noise and uproar and threatened to take the magistrates off of the bench ; that, thereupon, he asked them what they would have ? To which they replied that they came to set tle some matters in the county for which they wanted the use of the court-house ; that he then read to them the Riot Act ( I. Geo. I.) and procured Proclamation to dis perse to be made ; they lifted their clubs and threatened and proposed that some of their body should come into the court-house and set forth their grievances ; they asked what were they taxed for ; I explained going into particulars ; they induced Mr. Medlock to come off of the bench ; whereupon they took the other justices off of the bench and entirely obstructed the proceedings of the Court ; they then proceeded to appoint some officers among themselves and held several debates and consulta tions and among the rest whether they should tear down the court-house and gaol ; after much debate they agreed to let the court-house stand and after declaring their resolution to resist the Sheriff in serving any process or collecting of taxes, their right to know what bills were sent to the grand jury and their intention to meet again at the next Court, they dispersed but not before (as I am told) they had unanimously chosen Mr. Charles Robinson their representative to the General Assembly . without any writ of election. Colonel Spencer then discusses the situation and makes suggestions and inclosed the oath of the Regulators ; the two salient points whereof were first to rescue a distress and second to release any of their party from imprisonment, by force of arms.1 On receipt of this letter, His Excellency replied by inclosing another proclamation to the insurgents to disperse ; and he con fers authority upon Colonel Spencer, as Colonel of the county, to summon his regiment as occasion might require to apprehend the ringleaders in order to bring them to trial and to repel any future attempts to disturb the order of government ; he treats the oath as without validity ; he suggests that if the Anson peo ple labor under any real grievances let them present them in a petition to the General Assembly or to me singly, if within my power of relief in either case I am persuaded they will experience a proportion able redress to every grievance that is founded in equity and reason. 1 lb. 722. The Regulators of North Carolina. 325 He then states that he believed the great majority have been deluded but intimates that patience may cease to be a virtue and that he cannot much longer remain " a calm spectator and suffer the most dissolute part of the inhabitants of this Province to pay off their public taxes by insurrections."1 The letter is replete with eloquent passages and breathes a spirit of moderation throughout. Colonel Fanning writes, May 1, 1768, a conciliatory letter to some of the chiefs.2 His Excellency writes, June 16, 1768, to the home authorities, that the " disturbances " have, for the present, subsided ; that the Regulators propose laying their grievances before him, the nature of which he will, thereupon, communicate and, in the meantime, that he will take proper measures to bring the ringleaders to justice. He states that in Anson county the mob turned the justices off of the bench and that, in Orange county, they to the number of five hundred, came near Hillsborough with the purpose of releasing two of their party who were concerned in insulting a sheriff in the execution of his office ; that they were frustrated in their design and resolved to petition His Excellency. He further states, amongst other matters, that the Regulators are dissatisfied with the public and county taxes, declaring that it is not within their power to pro cure specie or currency, from its scarcity, to discharge them and have, in consequence thereof, associated themselves together by solemn oath, to prevent the Sheriff from distraining. He states that he proposes to visit the disaffected section to investigate the matter and concludes by suggesting that if the address of the colony for a currency be granted, the public taxes would be collected without any obstruction.3 On June 20, 1768, His Excellency notifies the Council that he has received from Hunter and Howell a petition, etc., calling publick officers to a settlement together with a narrative of their conduct and detail of the grievances and complaints against the Clerk of the Court, Register and other public officers, whose exactions and oppressions it's pretended has been the cause of the late insurrections. He states that the home authorities concur with him that the grievances complained of by no means justify the steps taken to redress them ; " measures which would, inevitably, if carried a 1 lb. 727. 2 lb. 741. 3 Lb. 791, 792. 326 The American Historical Register. little further, have been denominated high treason and have in volved the abettors most of whom I am satisfied were actuated by honest motives," etc. He states also that he trusts that the calamities threatened would be averted by his " timely " procla mation. All this is evidently an address, in duplicate, to the Regulators and he again warns them to, henceforward, desist from further meetings ; that the title of Regulators should cease and that the sheriffs, etc., be permitted to exercise their offices without hindrance, and, he then warns them that " it is by your strict and punctual adherence to these directions that any further clemency on my part may be looked for." This message was sent by his secretary, Mr. Edwards. He concludes by assuring the malcontents that he will give instructions to the Attorney- General to prosecute every officer, who has been guilty of extor tion, etc., and, by expressing the hope that, upon his con templated arrival at Hillsborough early in the next month, per fect peace shall prevail.1 On August 3, 1768, the Regulators resolved to pay no taxes and several declared that they would kill anyone distrain ing.2 The Governor and Council met at Hillsborough, August 13, 1768. His Excellency having learned that the insurgents, to the number of over one thousand, had assembled in arms within twenty miles, ordered out the militia but, upon further information that they had dispersed, he dismissed the troops. His Excellency then took the advice of his Council as to what measures to pursue ; whereupon they recommended that he should write the Regulators a letter.3 He did so ; stating, at the outset, that he had hoped that his letter of June 20 " would have given you not only the most cordial satisfaction, but have prompted you with the most ardent zeal to have immediately subscribed to every direction therein contained." He expresses his regret that they have not done so ; he reminds them that he had pointed out a means of redress ; he expresses his mortifi cation " to find every lenient measure of mine has been prevented and the friendly aid I offered to correct abuses in public offices considered by you as insufficient, . . it is the province of the Courts of law to judge and punish the extortioner." He also 1 Lb. 792-795- '' lb. 798, 799, 801. ' Lb. 804. The Regulators of North Carolina. 327 expresses his satisfaction with their purpose to petition the General Assembly. He warns them that — I should now inform you in humanity to your misguided passions and in justice to the integrity of my intentions that you are pursuing measures highly criminal and illegal ; and it is a circum-tance of real affliction to me when I consider you as acting upon principles no less void of faith and honour than inconsistent with every moral and religious duty. You have given occasion to every man of property and probity, by the open and unreserved menaces you have thrown out against the lives and prop erties of many, to look upon your designs as bent rather upon destroying the peace of the Government and the security of the inhabitants than a. wish to wait for any legal process against those you have imagined abused their public trust — Upon these alarm ing prospects I esteem it my duty to provide for the safety of Government. He concludes that, in order to prevent the " heavy expenses " that may accrue from arraying the strong arm of the Govern ment, he requires twelve of their body to give a bond as security against the rescue of William Butler and Harmond Husbands.1 In reply to the Anson petition, His Excellency says that the matters are of so extraordinary and unusual a nature as to demand a consultation with his Council ; that such part as relates to extortion will be remedied by application to the Attorney- General, " who shall receive directions from me to prosecute ; " that as to the insults offered to the County Court they will be a subject of inquiry at court. He adds : the acknowledgment however you make of the guilt of so rash and illegal a pro ceeding will if accompanied with a future good behaviour and a dutiful submission to the laws of your country, entitle you to some lenity from the Court as well as from me.2" He encloses the proclamation noted ante. On August 23, 1768, the four Presbyterian ministers, namely, Hugh McCaddon, James Creswell, Henry Patillo and David Caldwell (whose life is written by Dr. Caruthers), write a letter to His Excellency, in which they express their loyalty to His Excellency's administration ; their " abhorrence " of the disorders going on and assure the Governor that they will use their " utmost abilities to prevent the infection spreading among the people of our charge and among the whole Presbyterian body in this Province as far as our influence will extend." They express the hope that His Excellency " has found but a very small proportion of the people of our denomination among the present insurgents and we assure you, sir, if any such there are, they have departed from the invariable principles of their pro- '/*. 805, 806. *Lb. 809, 810. 228 The American Historical Register. fession ; " they speak of " the ease and comfort " of Tryon's administration; they style the Regulators " unreasonable men;'' congratulate the country that, " while your Excellency steadily refuses to grant anything on compulsion," . . . you have " made the cause of the poor so much your own as to ensure them the redress of any grievances they may labour under, in the way p -escribed by the laws of their country." * 1 Next comes the address of these same eminent, godly divines " to the Presby terian Inhabitants of North Carolina." It may be analyzed thus : I . They express great regret at " the present opposition to order, law and 'government ; 2. They likewise regret that they cannot, truthfully, assert that not "one of our profession is engaged in it," but express the hope and wish that " the number of regular Presbyterians among the present insurgents is very small; " 3. They express their belief that the leaders " have put the cry of King, Loyalty, Allegiance into the mouths of their unwary adherents" which was the " snare that caught you ; " 4. They denounce the Regulators' oath and advise those who took it to abandon it ; 5 . They state that the remedy for grievances " is within the compass of the laws ; " 6. Conjure those addressed to come out of the organization ; 7. And recommend a spirit of loyalty and obedience to the laws.2 These matters occurred in the summer of 1768. On August 18, 1768, the Governor went to Salisbury where he was met on the outskirts " by a great many gentlemen who welcomed his arrival with great expressions of satisfaction." On Sunday, the 21st, a Lutheran minister (in what is now Ca barrus county) " recommended, with warmth, due obedience to the laws of the country." This near Major Phifer's. The Governor * It is a source of congratulation that these letters were unknown to the Rev. Dr. Caruthers, as, otherwise, we would have, probably, been deprived of that portion of his life of Dr. Caldwell relating to the Regulators as romantic as the adventures of Baron Munchausen or Robinson Crusoe. Reading through the lines it looks as if the writing of the life of Dr. Caldwell was undertaken partly, if not mainly, as fur nishing a means whereby to defend the Regulation and the Regulators. 1 74.813,814. '' lb. 815, 816. The Regulators of North Carolina. 329 proceeded next to Colonel Polk's.1 The Governor's object was, in view of the warlike demonstrations of the Regulators,2 to organize a force of volunteers.3 On the 25 th, to this end, His Excellency ordered a review which was accomplished under the direction of Colonel Alexander Osborn.4 The Governor was entertained by Captain Barringer,5 Colonel Harris6 and Colonel Moses Alexander.7 Volunteers in this section responded well. Judge Henderson informed the Governor that the whole body of the militia of Granville were ready to march to his assistance.8 On September 18 the Governor was the guest of Captain Holt.9 September 19, the Governor marched through the heart of the settlement of the insurgents, " without the least interrup tion." 10 On the 22d, " a body of upwards of eight hundred insurgents formed from the counties of Anson, Rowan and Orange came within less than a mile of the town [Hillsborough] and sent a letter to the Governor." The contents of this letter and his reply do not appear ; but it is inferable that the former was an offer of submission and asking on what terms a pardon would be granted to which, on the advice of a council of war,11 His Excellency responded that, upon their surrendering five of their chiefs for trial by law and the whole body of insurgents laying down their arms at the head of the army and agreeing to pay their taxes, a pardon would be granted to all, except ing nine named persons. These proposals were made in person by General John Ashe, Colonel (afterwards General) James Moore, Colonel Alexander Osborne, Colonel Harris of Granville and Colonel Harris of Mecklenburg.12 These gentlemen reported (September 23) that the insurgents craved time until six o'clock the next morning to consider the proposals, which was granted ; but, later in the day, the Regulators dispersed without vouch- 1 Lb. 821. '74.819,820. 3 Lb. 821,822. ' The ancestor of the late Judge Osborne and Rev. E. A. Osborne. 5 Ancestor of the late D. M. Barringer, Judge V. C. Barringer and the late Gen. R. Barringer. 6 Ancestor of the highly respectable, large family of that name in Cabarrus. 7 Lb. 825. 8 Lb. 826. 9 Lb. 827. 10 As he " crossed Haw river and marched twenty-two miles into Hillsborough,' ' this " heart" is pretty well located between what is now Graham and Hillsborough. 11 Unfortunately for Dr. Caruthers, Maurice Moore, whom he classes as a sym pathizer with the Regulators, was one of this council of war. I2 lb. 841. 330 The American Historical Register. safing any reply.1 The General Court was also in session and Hermon Husbands (who is apologized for, if not be-praised, by Dr. Caruthers) surrenders into custody one of his fellow-chiefs, viz., William Butler.2 On October i, 1768, His Excellency issued a Proclamation of pardon to the insurgents, stating that he was " much more inclined to prevent than punish their crimes," excepting there from thirteen of the leaders.3 At October term, 1768, of Rowan County Court, Francis Locke (father of Judge Locke), sheriff, made oath that he had been prevented from collecting over two thousand tithable taxes by force.4 On October 25, 1768, His Excellency reports to the home authorities that he had, by raising a force of one thousand militia, stopped the violence that the Regulators had threatened against the Superior Court and the town of Hillsborough.5 On October 29 Tyree Harris, sheriff of Orange county, reports to His Excellency that, pursuant to his orders, he had taken a tour among the Regulators and that Ninian Hamilton, Sr., William Butler, John Low and about twenty others all declared that they were ready to comply with, and be obedient to the laws of the government and that they believed the others were and that all paid their taxes, etc.6 His Excellency writes (December 24, 1768) to the home authorities to say that-— these insurgents had not a colour for their showing a dissatisfaction at the conduct of their public officers would be doing them an injustice, for, on a prosecution at the Superior Court carried on by the Attorney-General in virtue of my directions both the Register and Clerk of the County [Orange] were found guilty of taking too high fees — It manifestly appearing that Colonel Fanning, the register, had acted with the utmost candor to the people and that his conduct proceeded from a misconstruction of the fee bills, he was in court honorably acquitted of the least intentional abuse in office — Colonel Fanning, however, immediately resigned up to me his commission of register. At the same court three of the insurgents were convicted and sentenced to a fine and imprisonment. His Excellency released these convicts. He says " this lenity had a good ten dency." He also states that some rioting had occurred in Halifax and Johnston, but, in each instance, was successfully subdued. He then makes this pregnant statement : 1 lb. 841, 842. 2 lb. 843. 3 Lb. 850, 851. * Lb. 856. 5 lb. 859. '• lb. 863, 864. The Regulators of North Carolina. 331 I am persuaded if I had not had the fortune to stop the mischief that was intended against the town of Hillsborough and insult to the Superior Court, the civil govern ment of most of the counties in the Province would have been overruled ; if not over turned and the door opened for the completion of their intentions, an abolition of taxes and debts, for the insurgents throughout the country only waited to see the event at Hillsborough, Orange county being considered by them as the heart of the strength of their friends, and if they had then triumphed, thousands would have declared for them and stood up in defiance of the laws of this country. . . . Not a person of the character of a gentleman appeared among these insurgents ; His Majesty's Presbyterian subjects showed themselves very loyal on this service and I have a pleasure in acknowledging the utility that the Presbyterian ministers' letters to their brethren had upon the then face of public affairs. His Excellency concludes by suggesting that he be authorized to grant a pardon to all the insurgents save only Husbands.1 In his address to the General Assembly (November, 1768) His Excellency says that should it appear, on inquiry, that the Regulators labor under grievances not remediable under exist ing laws, he will heartily co-operate with them in framing laws for their relief; and, if not remediable under his instructions, that he will most cheerfully represent them for redress to the home authorities.2 During the session, the Council passed a bill pro viding that riots might be prosecuted by the Attorney-General, with the consent of one of the judges, in any other district than that in which the crime was committed,3 which was rejected by the Assembly.4 To His Excellency's address a response was made by the Assembly through its committee, Howe, Maurice Moore and Samuel Johnston which was unanimously adopted, and, in which the Assembly state that they have the fullest conviction of the necessity there was for marching a body of militia into Hillsborough to oppose the intentional outrages of a set of men who, forgetful of the duty they owed their sovereign, insensible of the happiness of your Excellency's administration and in defiance of the laws under which they lived, were pursuing measures destructive to the felicity and dangerous to the constitution of their country. 5 November, 1769, the Assembly resolved that if any public officer shall be guilty of extortion or oppression, such officer, on conviction, shall receive the highest censure and punishment that the House could inflict on him.6 1 lb. 884-887. 274.89i. 3 74. 912. •174.966. 5 This is stilty enough to have been the composition of Maurice Moore, Dr. Caruthers' Regulator. 68CoI. Rec. 139. 332 The American Historical Register. TRIAL CAUSES TO HILLSBOROUGH SUPERIOR COURT, SEPTEMBER TERM, A. D. 1770.* John McMund vs. William Courtney John Childs vs. Richard Thompson John Williams Esq vs. Robert Mitchel William Brown vs. John Brown Edmund Fanning vs. James Bynum vs. George McGoon Benjamin Drummond vs. John Lambert Daniel Williams vs. John Williams Peter Noag vs. Edmund Fanning Edmund Fanning vs. Abraham Smith Ezekial Brasfield vs. Philip Isaiah Hogan vs. Hermon Husbands Ezekial Brumfield vs. James Ferrel QCF 4 Case 5 Case 6 |Detinue 7 Slander Case 12 Slander 13 Case 15 Appeal 16 Trover AB. Case '9 Case 21 Slander 22 General issue Refd &c vide Mem. Book General issue General issue Jury find the defendant guilty Assessed ,£5 damages and 6s cost motion and arrest Plea to be entered. Narrative [narratio- declaration] to be filed conditions per formed and issue Justification — error General issue App. by consent Judgment by default General issue General issue Not guilty and justifi cation Damn'd rogues You keep that to your selves to rogue every body Pays costs and be put in the slocks plaintiffs A shame for name' s sake We were certain of that but no [rest torn] Another plea — entered Plaintiff pays cost The elect pays cost Fanning must pay Fanning must pay costs but loses nothing Death by the law for Hogan pays and he damned Nonsense let them agrte for Ferrel has gone Hell- ward * From Vol. VIII. Colonial Records. Note by Editor— With entries made by the Regulators, in italics. The Regulators of North Carolina. 333 TRIAL CAUSES TO HILLSBOROUGH SUPERIOR COURT, SEPTEMBER TERM, A. D. 1770* w 14 N Michael Wilson vs. David Harris 15 John Edwards vs. Phillip Edwards McG. 16 Thomas Tramnel vs. William Dunnigan McG. 17 Same vs. W 36 F Thomas Jones' vs. Dennis McCaron F 55 Mo. Thomas Cain vs. John Pearson Mo. 56 F Thomas Richardsoi vs. Robinson York F 57 M Mary Humphries vs. Phillip Jackson Jr F 59 M Mary Humphries vs. Phillip Jackson Jr W60 Ho. Hermon Husbands vs. Joseph Matlocks F 61 Mc. Nathaniel Walton vs. Jeremiah Horton F 62 M Charles Rust Eaton vs. Fernand Laws T.A. B. Pleajn abatement filed All Harris's are Rogues. 23 General demd join der Plea over. Not guilty with leave Case 24 Non assumpsit Damned shame Case Refd Rule set aside Dunnigan pays 29 for trial next Court T. A. B. Same rule Do T. V. A. Not guilty with leave Agreed for £2 7 slay ex R 22 ecution to Lnf Coifrt anything for money Fees paid by Johnston &° Shackston to Jno. Cook T. V. A. Not guilty with leave 44 Damned roguery f Case, &c, General issue by mis Plaintiff pays all costs and 46. take. General issue gets his body scourged not but Plea of for Blasphemy abatement T. A. B. Not guilty with leave Judgment by dejault 47 T. A. B. Not guilty with leave Judgment by default The 52 money must come to officers 63 Ex in the hands of Francis Nash and he served as a garnishee Garnishee sworn saith he has in his hands 254 4s. gd. Judg ment by default Right enough Ejectment The defendants com Discontinued 64 mon, rule &c Not guilty Case General issue with Plaintiff pays cost 65 leave ?From Vol. VIII. Colonial Records. J This is an entry made by the Regulators. Note by Editor— With entries made by the Regulators, in italics. 334 The American Historical Register. TRIAL CAUSES TO HILLSBOROUGH SUPERIOR COURT, SEPTEMBER TERM, A. D. 1770* F 63 Hoo. Robert Reid & Co vs. Nancy Husbands Debt 71 Non est factum Plaintiff pays cost W64 Abner Nash vs. John Rooker Case 74 Judgment by default Nash gets nothing M 65 N Abraham Moore vs. Richard Benjamin Bell Debt 80 Pay n.ent— Replication &c issue Plaintiff pays cost M 66 J. L. Young Miller & Company vs. Armistides Administrators Case 81 Non assumpsit and plene administravit Replication and issue Plaintiff pays cost F 67 H Valentine Braswell vs. Duncan McNeal, Admr of Hector McNeal Case 86 Declaration Plea to be filed File it and be darned F 68 H Sales Brown vs. William Lewis Case 91 Judgment by default The man was sick. It is damned roguery W 69 N John Kimbrough vs. William Alston Case 97 Entd Joseph Briant bail . Executed by a damned Rogue &° bill not suffi cient F 70 Solomon Turvil vs. James Turvil Ecd on 2 negroes. Negroes not worth a damn cost exceeds the whole W 71 William Roberts vs. John Howard App1 Plaintiff pays cost P Thomas Person App1 Persons dead 72 w vs. William Todd » From Vol. VIII. Colonial Records. Note by Editor— With entries made by the Regulators, in italics. (To be continued!) RURAL MILITIA OF THE NEW NETHERLAND. BY L. D. SCISCO. The militia organization of the Dutch New Netherland was by no means limited to the Burgher Guard of the provincial capital. (See page 737, April 1895). During the latter part of Stuyvesant's administration the rural villages had also their local militia available for active service and officered by local appoint ment. Many references to this rural militia appear in the colonial records, but hardly enough to make any connected history." Doubtless, local records might, to some extent, fill the gaps. The beginnings of the rural militia seem to date from 1654, when, the recent war scare over, British hostility had hardly died away in the Dutch province. English pirates yet hovered around the Dutch coasts, and Stuyvesant conceived the plan in Febru ary, 1654, of making a levy of citizens to serve as an auxiliary in the public defense. Letters to this effect were sent out to the villages. The Director-General wanted a force of forty men, whose numbers he had proportioned as follows : Eight men from the Manhattens ; eight men from the Dutch Long Island towns ; thirteen men from the English Long Island towns ; eight men from the upper Hudson, and three men from the Staten Island region. When his letters reached the Long Island towns the citizens of the villages called a general muster, and organized a militia. Possibly this prompt action so convinced the Executive of his defensive resources that he abandoned the proposed levy. At any rate, no further reference to the levy appears, while the rural militia remained a permanent feature of the province. Among the officers who had been appointed at the organization of 1654, by the District Court of Breucklyn, were Elbert Elbert- son, sergeant at Amersfoort and Jan Strycker, sergeant at Mid- wout. Beverwyck village, now Albany, also had a local militia organization about this time. In 1655, when the Indians attacked New Amsterdam and the capital was in a fever of fear and excitement, it cannot be doubted that the new militia of Long Island was under arms. In 336 The American Historical Register. the fall of that year, when a temporary garrison was placed in the Long Island towns, the records show, in fact, that the villagers were doing regular guard duty. Some of them came to the capital to complain to the Executive of the shirking of duty on the part of others, and the Director- General thereupon issued an order to right the trouble. A year later the Long Island militia again came up for the consideration of the Provincial Council when the public safety was threatened, and Stuyvesant looked to it for assistance. Well aware that the Indians had been buying guns from the settlers, he advised monthly musters to put a check to the practice. The Council advised instead that the matter should be quietly looked into by the village magistrates. The next reference to the militia of the Manhatten* region comes in 1659, when vague alarms spread through the settle ments again. The villagers were quick to feel the anxiety of the time, and sent their representatives to the capital with petitions for arms and supplies. All that could be spared them was given under an agreement that they should be returned in grain. The rumors received some slight confirmation later in the year by the breaking out of Indian troubles at the Esopus. Stuyvesant's life-long training had made him an earnest and enthusiastic soldier, and he seems to have fostered his militia after having come to recognize its possible value in a contingency. To the regular local train-bands he planned to add, in 1659, a Cavalry auxiliary, to act as patrol through the country districts about New Amsterdam. He first brought his scheme before the Council in September, 1659, in the shape of a plan to furnish the regular garrison with a Cavalry addition ; but his idea was finally altered, so that, as carried out, it made a militia body. It was planned to organize a detail of forty men who, in ordinary times, should act as militia without pay, but, if asked to serve in aggres sive warfare, should be given the regular pay of the company's Cavalrymen. The force was to be commanded by a corporal, and was to be under the orders of the provincial Executive and Council. Stuyvesant's plan included also a central stable for the use of this body. After the approval of the Council had been obtained, the Director-General sent to Curacao for the necessary horses to organize the squad. The Esopus war caused an increase in the regular military Rural Militia of the New Netherland. 337 garrison at New Amsterdam, and the militia of that section, now of less importance, receives scant mention afterward in the pro vincial records. The villages of Boswyck and New Harlem were created in 1660, and those of Bergen and New Utrecht in 1661. It is probable that all these villages had organized militia. New Harlem certainly had such, commanded by Sergeant Jan Pieter- sen Slot When a call was sent out to the villages in 1663 for volunteers to serve at the Esopus, one of the inducements offered to recruits was release from militia duty for one year. Bergen organized at this time a special squad for guard duty, but offered its services with the condition that it might be ordered on duty anywhere in the province except at the seat of war, a reser vation which rather limited its value. Bergen, Gomoenepa and New Harlem all had their militia guards at this time. At Bergen, Ensign Adriaen Post and Sergeant Jan Swaen were in command ; at Gomoenepa were Sergeants Harmen Smeeman and Gerrit Gerritsen, while at New Harlem was another sergeant. The militia of these villages is not again mentioned in the records under Dutch rule, even when the English appeared in 1664, and all reserves were called in. In the upper Hudson valley the village of Beverwyck had its militia also, which, however, was never called into service. In the summer of 1663, under the stimulus of the Esopus war, the villagers repaired their old fort, and refused the request of the Director-General for volunteers on the plea that they preferred to stand guard over their own homes, which might be threatened. The patroon also organized at this time a small guard under Cornelis Van Nes, and built a little fort at Greenbush. The organization at Beverwyck was kept until the English conquest. At the South (Delaware) river, also, there was a militia organization, but as in the cases of the other outlying sections the provincial records give only scattered references here and there. In 1654, when Fort Casimir was captured by the Swedes, Pieter Ebel is mentioned as burgher sergeant but it is not certain that the title here indicates a local militia. Later, however, when a vice-director was sent to the South river, he went instructed among other things to " keep in good order and discipline the servants of the Company, superintend their trainings and guard- duty and maintain Fort Casimir in a becoming state of defence." 338 The American Historical Register. In 1657 Fort Casimir was ceded to the city of Amsterdam and the local militia was reorganized. Under date of May 25, 1657, the Director writes that there are about sixty men capable of bearing arms and that " they shall and will be placed under burgher officers to keep watch and ward agreeably to the condi tions which are thereunto enacted." Again in 1658 the militia is mentioned when the Director reports that a case of thirty-five smuggled guns had been confiscated and turned over to Anthony Rademan, ensign of the burghers' corps. In 1659 a watch-house was built for the burghers. The Swedes of the South river were favored by Stuyvesant with a militia of their own. They organized in May, 1658, and the executive selected as officers Captain Swens Schoete, Lieu tenant Andries d'Albo and Ensign Jacob Swenske. The follow ing February the officers asked that their corps be excused from service in case of trouble with their native country. Their atti tude was duly reported to the Company and the Amsterdam directors wrote back their disapproval of the corps' existence. It was probably disbanded. The latest of the rural militia bodies to be organized was apparently that at Wyltwyck. It was created in 1 661, and its offi cers were appointed by the president of the village court in May of that year. Captain Thomas Chambers, Lieutenant Hendrick Jochemsen and Sergeant Peter Jacobsen Molenaer were the staff, and together they formed a governing board or military coun cil for the village. Friction between these officers and the civil magistrates enlivened the hamlet and finally, after the latter had torn down the regulations posted by the former the matter came before the Director-General for settlement. In 1663 the second Esopus war broke out and the local guard went on duty. Chambers and Jochemsen were still its leaders. About sixty men were under their orders including eleven horsemen commanded by their cornet, Jan Hendrickson. It is unnecessary to speak of the details of the second war. The citizens took part and when the trouble ended at the beginning of winter the local militia were given charge of the town again. In August, 1664, when the Wyltwyck garrison was ordered to the provincial capital the militia was again put in charge of the place and only dispersed when the English troops entered their town. Rural Militia of the New Netherland. 339 It should be added that after the English conquest, oppres sion on the part of the British soldiery roused the villagers to revolt, and it was in their old guard formation under arms that they assembled on two different occasions to mutinously fume and threaten their new masters, a proceeding which made no little excitement at the time. TRADITIONS OF FORT JENKINS. BY MARY B. JENKINS RICHART. {Continued from page 220.) Although Quakers, the Jenkins family did some good service in the Revolution. Zachariah Jenkins was a soldier from Sussex county, N. J. Stephen Jenkins was killed in the siege of Savannah, Ga. Ephraim Jenkins was a captain in Colonel Holmes' battalion in Monmouth county, N. J. John Jenkins, the first of the family in this country, was fined in Sandwich, Mass., nineteen pounds and ten shillings for attending Quaker meetings. He and his wife Susanna were also sorely distressed by their Puritan neighbors, who took away their household goods because they were Quakers. Their son Zachariah (not the soldier) was fined eight pounds for being a delinquent soldier. John, son of Zachariah, was a justice of the peace in Kings ton, R. I.; was a member of Assembly and many times deputy to the General Court. He was the father of Judge John Jenkins, of Wyoming, and like his son and his grandson, Colonel John Jenkins, was occupied always in business for the public. He was a useful member of society from 1722 to 1742. His great grand son, Benjamin F. Angell, was United States Minister to Sweden in 1857. A niece of Judge John Jenkins, of Rhode Island, Hannah Jenkins Barnard, was a noted Quaker preacher and carried her ministerial labors to England and Ireland. Miss Alment, a highly cultured Irish Quaker lady, who lived in West Pittston, heard Hannah preach in Ireland, and she said she was a very eloquent speaker. When mention of Hannah Barnard was made to Mrs. Mary Dickinson, the venerable mother of her celebrated daughters, Anna and Susan, she said, " Yes, I know about thy cousin Hannah. They silenced her in England for the doctrine she preached." Hannah was a Unitarian and promulgated her doctrines contemporaneously with Elias Hicks. Her work is mentioned in the life of Stephen Grellette, a French nobleman, who fled from France at the time of the Revolution and became a Quaker of great spiritual power. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 341 Bethia Harris, a patriot woman, was the wife of Colo nel John Jenkins, the patriot, and was born in Colchester (now Salem), Conn., September 14, 1752. She was the eighth of thirteen children of her parents Jonathan and Rachel (Otis) Harris. The homestead of her father remains in the family. The mother of Rachel was Dorothy, daughter of Captain Nathaniel Thomas,* a brave officer in King Phillip's War. Dorothy married Joseph Otis, a distinguished New England judge of court. James Otis, the orator, patriot and scholar, who has been called the corner-stone of American indepen dence, was of this family. Mercy Otis, sister of James, married General Warren, a brother of the General Warren who was killed at Bunker Hill. She was a woman of great talent and learning. Like her distinguished cousins, Bethia possessed rare intel lectual gifts, having a memory that was almost phenomenal So well versed was she in the Scriptures that commonly speaking, " she knew them by heart.'' She was acquainted with the litera ture of the day, and could recite from memory enough to fill volumes. So large was her literary store that she could enter tain people in the long winter evenings for months without tire some repetition. In these recitations, unless one were looking at her, it would be thought she was reading from a book. When we consider the scarcity of books and the meagerness of information contained in newspapers at that day, how valuable must this vast store of intellectual knowledge have been to the pioneers in the wilderness, cut off as they were from the older colonies and their civilization. She was a fine singer and was in possession of all the song lore of that period. In addition to these literary accomplishments, this good dame was a skillful nurse and, had always on hand a goodly store of herbs, including poppy seeds dried in the pod. The value of this skill in nursing may well be imagined when there were few, if any doctors to disagree. She was in all respects a notable housewife, an excellent cook and skillful in making butter and cheese. Add to all this the spinning, weaving and knitting ; the dyeing of flax and wool, and we have a list of accomplishments of which any woman might be * The Thomas family were the original owners of " Marshfield," the estate of Daniel Webster. 342 The American Historical Register. proud. Nevertheless, like her fellow mortals, this gifted matron had her infirmities, and as has been recorded of her illustrious cousin, James Otis, that he was afflicted with an irascible temper ; so with this good dame, and it is charged against her as an only fault. This failing was more noticeable being in contrast to her husband, who, though possessed of a high and stubborn will where any principle was involved, was the personification of gen tleness in the home circle. The parents of Mrs. Jenkins having died of a wide-spread ing and malignant fever, she was left an orphan at nine years of age and came to Wyoming with the early settlers. She inherited property and James Scoville, senior, was her guardian. As previously stated she married Lieutenant Jenkins, ten days before the massacre and was left in Fort Jenkins when the bridegroom hastened away to join the little band of patriots at Forty Fort, most of whom were soon to sacrifice their lives for home and country. Like the other prisoners she was robbed of all clothing except two garments and suffered the privations to which all were exposed. There was a Betsey Wintermute, who lived at Fort Winter- mute, and this woman had possession of all Mrs. Jenkins clothing which she wore in the presence of their owner with the greatest affrontery. Mrs. Jenkins said, " Betsey, I see that you have my clothes, won't you give me enough for a change ? You see these are all I have and if you would give me some I could wash them ; they are very dirty." Betsey replied that she could not give her any as the Indians would not like it if she gave any away. With this transparent subterfuge she refused the reason able request of one whom she had known as a neighbor, perhaps as a friend. On the day of the massacre this Tory woman sat in the middle of a room at Fort Wintermute where all the Tories had marks on their faces to shield them from the savages while the loyal women and children had none. The loyal children seeing that the savages were friendly to Betsey would run and jump into her lap begging her to save their lives, but their cries and supplications were in vain. The Indians would snatch the innocents from her and butcher them before her eyes, she making no effort to rescue them from so Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 343 shocking a fate. Words are vain when attempting to portray the depth of depravity that could endure the sight of such bar barities. Alas ! that any pen should have such tales to indite. The day after the massacre Mrs. Jenkins, under the protec tion of British officers bearing flags of truce, went all over the battle-ground to see who of her friends and neighbors were among the slain. A young man, a Wintermute, said to her : " Look, but don't seem to see." Her cousin Jonathan Otis was among the killed and also Perrin Ross, the husband of her cousin Mercy Otis.* Jonathan and Mercy were children of Joseph Otis, junior, and grandchildren of Joseph Otis. The tragic fate of her relatives was but a small part of the fearful scenes witnessed on that field of battle. What a honeymoon was this, with the bridegroom gone she knew not whither or what might be his fate! Mrs. Jenkins was in every sense of the word a patriotic woman ; a meet companion for her patriot husband. She assisted the cause of liberty by running bullets and helping to manufacture powder for the use of the soldiers. In a memorial to the Congress she describes the process by which powder was made. There was much ingenuity displayed in those primitive times in furnishing, the needs of the human family. Material for making powder was obtained by scraping up the dirt under the log-houses, and baking soda was supplied by burning corncobs ; the ashes held in solution in water and bottled, raised the Johnny- cake and slapjacks that helped to raise to manhood and woman hood the heroes of that day. In the Harris line of ancestry Bethia was third in descent from James of Boston, who married Sarah Denison, 1666. James had eleven children, all of them except four, were baptized in the old South Meeting House, Boston. Lieutenant James, son of James, married Sarah, daughter of Samuel Rogers, son of James Rogers, who, with his sons, except Samuel, founded a religious sect in New London, Conn., called * Mercy Otis Ross fled with her six children to Connecticut after the massacre, married an Allen, who was a widower with six children. They again had six children more, making eighteen in one family. They returned to Wyoming and lived on the Ross farm at Ross' Hill. 344 The American Historical Register. the Rogerenes.* This Rogers family claimed descent from the martyr, John Rogers, of Smithfield, England. The old Mohegan chief Uncas, father of Owaneco, was a great friend of Samuel Rogers, and persuaded him to settle in his neighborhood. As an inducement gave him a valuable tract of land on Oxaboxa Brook, and promised in case of inroads by prowling Narragansetts, that he with his warriors would rally to his protection. Rogers was the first white settler upon these lands. He built a house of hewn plank; surrounded it with a stockade, and mounted a small cannon in front, the firing of which was to be a signal of alarm. Soon after, the boom of this gun was heard, and in a few minutes Uncas and his warriors came rushing to the rescue of his friend. To palliate the experimental trick, a feast had been prepared and the delighted warriors relished the cunning artifice, so in keeping with their own notions of strategy, as keenly as they did the banquet. Uncas died in 1684, and Owaneco, his son and successor, as sachem, died in 171 5, who was succeeded by his son Caesar Uncas. Between all these sachems and the Rogers family there had ever existed a strong personal friendship, in which Lieutenant James Harris and his wife Sarah warmly participated ; James Har ris becoming an especial favorite with the whole tribe, and this friendship has been perpetuated to the present century. The sad remnant of this tribe ever after found a welcome at the Harris homestead. Bethia Harris Jenkins could speak the language of the Mohe- gans, and when amusing her grandchildren, would count Indian for them. Her daughter-in-law Mary, wife of Colonel Harris Jenkins, remembered a little of this, and amused her grandchildren in the same way. But seven of these numerals have been preserved : o-con-e-o-co, je-co, ca-dun-co, um-num,sum-num, ip-sip, noe-tum. This fragment is perhaps all that remains of the language which, like the people that used it, have passed away. * The Rogerenes held the same doctrines as the Christian Scientists ; a sect founded by Mrs. Eddy, of Boston. They rejected the sacraments in material form; worshiped in silent prayer and believed in healing by faith which refutes Mrs. Eddy's claim that she is the first since the Apostles to believe in healing by faith alone. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 345 When Queen Ann's commissioners sat at Stonington, in 1705, John Prentice testified that he had surveyed about 3000 acres of Indian grants near Norwich for Samuel Rogers, Samuel Rogers, Jr., James Harris, and fifteen others of less note. It is recorded of this James Harris, that he was a Puritan of the old stamp ; a church member ; a God-fearing and a God-serving man in his day. Although he held slaves (one Indian boy George among them), it did not in those times detract in the least from his character for piety. The families of Rogers and Harris became large land owners through gifts from the sachems. " Owaneco, by a single mark of his pen, passed in a sweeping general deed to four persons, viz., John Livingstone, Robert Denison, Samuel Rogers, Jr., and James Harris, all the Mohegan lands between New London and Norwich which had not before been alienated, comprising many thousand acres, reserving only a small portion to himself and tribe. The price paid was fifty pounds." It has been affirmed that of this Harris line that no criminal has ever been known among them ; and of the numerous brothers and sisters of Bethia, and of their children again that "no shadow of evil habit, vice, crime or stain of reputation, ever rested upon them." Of such birth and lineage was Bethia Harris, the patriot wife of the patriot Colonel John Jenkins. For those who are among her descendants is this record given, that they may honor their ancestors and emulate their virtues. There is such a pathetic story of a cousin in the Harris fold that it may be interesting here. Ann Mercy Harris, an only child of wealthy parents, whose father was an extensive exporter and importer in trade with the West Indies and also an importer of spices, laces, silks and brocades, from France and the East Indies. The story of this idolized child is a sad one. Sole heiress of a princely fortune, of great personal beauty and loveliness of character, accomplished in all that the best instructors of the day could impart, at the age of eighteen her parents decided to send her abroad for a couple of years for higher instruction in England and for travel in Europe for the advantages of foreign social culture. On the eve of her contemplated departure, she was inoculated for protection from small-pox, then the dread of foreign travelers. The virus proved 346 The American Historical Register. fatal, and after a few days of extreme suffering, she died in the pest-house at Saybrook. This sudden and tragic blow fell with crushing weight upon her parents, and cast a gloom over the whole region throughout which she was known and beloved. Our Bethia with three of her sisters and four of her brothers with their parents attended this funeral, when the extensive ward robe of the deceased, a special outfit for her foreign tour, of the richest silks and brocades in great variety was distributed among her cousins as memorial gifts and long preserved in the family as sacred relics and souvenirs. The tradition of untimely death of this lovely girl has probably faded from the remembrance of the present generation of her kith and kin. Some members of the Harris family served in the Revolu tion. Squire Harris enlisted in the army as a drummer when fourteen years of age and became a drum-major, serving seven years until the close of the war. Nathaniel Harris was captain of militia. Suzanna Harris, " an ornament and pillar of the church," married Major-General Augustus Mills. The Harris family had a strong development of religious character, and many of its mem bers shone with more than usual brilliancy in their daily walks as Christians. Mrs. Jenkins was a consistent member of the Presbyterian denomination. Mr. Morgan in his Harris genealogy says : Among the many sad stories of the trials and perils of the pioneer settlers of our American colonies, the story of the early settlement of the lovely valley of Wyoming is the most mournful and memorable of all, and has a peculiar interest in our Harris family. The experiences of Bethia, a woman of rare mental and moral en dowments and culture, who shared conspicuously in all the perils and hardships of the valley, and whose sufferings amid those wild scenes of blood and carnage were among the nursery tales in my young days, of every Hams household in the old hive of the family in Connecticut. (To be continued!) THE REGIMENTAL BOOK, FIRST REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA LINE. Editor The American Historical Register : The publication of the record from the Regimental Book of the First Pennsylvania Line of the Continental troops in your magazine is one of the most valuable contributions to the docu mentary history of the Revolution, it seems to me, that has been made in some time ; and I have been particularly interested in Rev. Dr. Thomas' comments on the nationality of the soldiers, in the October number. His remarks, however, are calculated to give a decidedly wrong impression in regard to the descent of the very large pro portion of the members of this regiment, whom he classes together as " Irish." While it is true, that out of 696 soldiers enlisted, 315 were natives of Ireland, yet, if Dr. Thomas will read over the Irish list again, he will observe that there are few true sons of Erin among the names, certainly not to exceed sixty, all told. More than two-thirds of these soldiers, who were " born in Ireland," have characteristic unmistakable Scotch names ; and they were not " Irish," but Scotch. There is nothing that makes a Scotch -Irishman so mad as to be called " Irish," we all know ; but to have the laurels that were so dearly won by the preponderating " Macs " of the Pennsylvania regiments erroneously transferred to the brows of the " O's " is grievous. The Size-Roll of the First Pennsylvania Line Regiment shows, like the rolls of nearly all the other Pennsylvania regi ments, that the Presbyterian Scotch-Irish element was the pre dominating one in the troops of that State ; just as the dissenting congregations of New England fu rnished the bulk of the troops for the Massachusetts and Connecticut regiments. It is stated by Proud in his " History of Pennsylvania," that, by the year 1729, 6000 Scotch-Irish had come to that colony, and that before the middle of the century, nearly 1 2,000 arrived annually for several years. In September, 1736, alone, 1000 348 The American Historical Register. families sailed from Belfast, on account of the difficulty of renew ing their leases. Professor McCloskie is authority for the statement that at the time of the beginning of the Revolution not less than one-third the entire population of the colonies was of the Scotch-Irish race. As Judge Futhey says, they were Protestants, and generally Presbyterians ; few or none of the Catholic-Irish came until after the Revolution. The settlement of this latter class in this coun try is comparatively of modern date. Between the year 1771 and 1773, there sailed from the ports of North Ireland 25,000 to 30,000 passengers, all Presbyterians. This extensive emigration was brought about by the fact that the leases on some of the large Antrim estates having expired, the rents were so largely advanced that many of the tenants could not comply with the demands, and were deprived of the farms they had occupied. This aroused a spirit of resentment to the oppression of the large-landed proprietors, and an immediate and extensive emigration was the result. Ireland was not the home of their ancestors ; it was endeared to them by no traditions ; and numbers of them determined to quit it, and seek in the American wilds a better home than they had in the Old World. This was shortly before the Revolution ary War, and these people, leaving their habitations in such a temper, became a powerful contribution to the cause of liberty, and to the separation of the colonies from the mother country. These Scotch-Irish emigrants landed principally at New Castle and Philadelphia, and found their way northward and and westward into the eastern and middle counties of Pennsyl vania. It was the settled policy of the Penns to push them out to the frontiers. They were more aggressive than the Germans, and " better Indian fighters ;" and they thus were made to serve as a bulwark between the savages and the settlements. Hence, one stream followed the great Cumberland valley into Virginia and North Carolina, and from these colonies passed into Ken tucky and Tennessee. Another powerful body went into Western Pennsylvania, and settling on the head waters of the Ohio, became famous both in military and civil history, and have given to the region around Pittsburgh the name it so well deserves, of being the back-bone of Presbyterianism. The American Historical Register. 349 If I am not mistaken, the first regiment from outside of New England to reach Boston after the battle of Lexington came from the Cumberland valley in Pennsylvania, and was composed almost entirely of Scotch-Irish Covenanters or Presbyterians, tall backwoodsmen, who came from the hills and forests of the frontier, with their hunting rifles in hand, dressed in linsey- woolsey blouses, buckskin breeches, and coon-skin caps. " The first public voice in America for dissolving all connec tion with Great Britain," says Bancroft, " came from the Scotch- Irish Presbyterians." A large number of them were signers of the Declaration, and throughout the Revolution they were devoted to the cause of the country, and took part in its struggles with a zeal and spirit that had never been paralleled since the days of the Crusades. Such a thing as a Scotch-Irish Tory was unheard of; the race never produced one. It was largely the energy and devotion of this people that sustained the army in the field in the many dark hours of that contest, and which, under the guidance of Providence, carried this country through the struggle for freedom. In the darkest days of the war, Washington announced to his friends his determination, if all others forsook him, of making a final stand against Great Britain among the Scotch-Irish fron tiersmen of the Virginia valley, many of whom, or their fathers, had served under him in the Braddock campaign. There, with the mountains and wilderness at hand for concealment, he could still hope to carry on his " Parthian " warfare for an indefinite time — just as the same race, among the hills of Scotland, had, ages before, kept at bay for all time the elsewhere invincible legions of Rome. Lincoln, Neb. Charles A. Hanna. 35° The American Historical Register. INSPECTION RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, Men. Ranks. Present, fit for duty U ! J U o* bn-Z,a i d *-. CD ho1 £ ot"o* 3 n i ii i i| ; i ' i ii i fn OT Q 4718 443 Sick, present . Sick, absent On command . . . On furlough Prisoners .... Wantingto complete 31 4 2\ I Ii I 60 7 59 41 Establishment rt in Jr."! Promoted Reduced . Joined . . Transferred Discharged Dead . . . Deserted . I 1 1 1 9,171 3' i' 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1, 1 1 57 18 612 Lost in service Received . . Returned . . 1 1 1 i1 1 I ! \ 5 II [3 8 Clothing. tnV J3 en u5rt 0 U en V > a;Sh B > O tnu0 ot VCa 3 tn ot tn T3 tn 'a, enO X"fi CU 0 tn53c .2 t/5 6S0 u en < tn ~l- CU 3u< -a c _rtIn tn ~eX\ O 0 u~t/i < "rt -t-> O H rt fi "o rt U cCU T3 s rt U +-* '0. tn0 X 'a CU O 0 H tn T3 (-, rt 3 O rt OT 3 U tu < Otn CU "5 rt .fiu "rt .-< 0 f- 3 7 2 7 3 8 24 1 1 6 1,162 47 46 35 450 3« 35 3i 1 6 15,650 Camp Equipage. tnfi X tn +j C CU hX enC cu H U in 1) en O B c0 t— I ">OJS ej3 P 3 rtCUs0 B tn CU0 > J* urtin C.rta w 0rt tn>-,CU>rt X tnaV S ca U e/i CU X < inu E en >O .fi OT en cu -0 rta. OT en ju •3¦d rt OT en CU 'HB 1 69 5 2 22 1 448 266 37 1 2 4 I 1 II 2 32 36 16 40 2 I '3 23 17 and the axes lost in hutting the regiment. The clothing was lost in the different Companies by deaths and desertions, and the arms, ammunition, etc., were lost in action. 352 The American Historical Register. MONTHLY RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, Officers Present Fit for Duty Commissioned. Staff. Non-Commis'd. Companies. co "oU 4J "a B u~& c 00 u 3 CUc _o"oU 1 J 1 0 "a* I enC 'ci O.rt CJ I I en *j Crtc eu3cu 3 I 2 II en fibe 'en C W crt 3 < uV tn rtE>.rt Oh I u CUenrtg)- CUrt 3 o< I c 0CU & 3 OT 6 'ci % 0 'c?£ 1 crtCUE?CU OT I crt cu s? cu OT IHCU *J tn rt6 O s s3u a 0 E en c rt cutou OT } 44 3 4 3 3 4 )- E T3 Crt IflCU 6s3 Q Light Infantry ... Bankson Sixth Company .... Eighth Company . . . Boude Seventh Company . . . Fifth Company .... Fishbourne 1 222 2222 2 Total 5 il 1 34 17 4-» . 3 cj P U c +s o a tn cu >-. en \£< O Sick, present . . . On Duty, present . On Command . . . On Extra Service . Absent with Leave On the Staff . . . II I I [1 i 1 3| 5 1'! 1 2 i i1 ij 3| [ ' 12 46 1 1 Total . . 4 121717 il 23! I Total Officers ... il 1' 5 ! 1 1 I1 11 1 1 1 57 : ; 1 18 Vacant . . 1 49 4 4 I : Il I: Establishment . . . I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 45 18 Fit for Action. 1 1 1 6 |3»|i7 Absent Officers. Names. Col. Brodhead .... Lieut. Markland .... Lt.-C. Harmar Lieut. Wheitzel .... B. G. Gist Lieut. Henley B. G. Gist Capt. Fishbourne, Aid-de-Camp, Gen. Wayne. By Whose Leave. Places Where. Penna. Country.Charlest'nCharlest'n Reasons. Furlough FurloughCommand G.Ct. MarT Mar. 28th Time of Absence. The American Historical Register. 353 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, CAMP JAMES ISLAND, MARCH 28, 1783. Want V Rank and File. to Com Alterations Since plete. Last Return. Present. Sick. tnu 1 1 Joined. ¦a c CU >--. c CO OT a B 0 13 B • a P fr +J fi 6 O 'w T3 CU enG ucu e Bn T3 C •6 CU -d 13 (U •n B eftC ra T3 C P fi- CUen V3 0 e fi-< ci CU i fi tsi S a co Si" >• 2 rt P. mS & & OT S Non-Commis'd. %cy 5 2 4; 2 5' 2 6, 2 5 i 5 2 2 I 4 2 4 2 i,i i i j ii i i I 40 16 ^cj Sick, present . 3 6 5« PW Sick, absent . On Duty, present . i ? « On Command . . . , -^ tn On Extra Service . ! 0 Absent with Leave 1 : On the Staff . . . 13 Total 111 — I4 9| 11 1 il I 1 1]il M(17 1 1 7 i8j j 1 i i 1 3| 1 1 1 57 16 Vacant . .... 1 1 2 i 1 1 i 2 Establishment 918: 3 1 i1 1 i| i!45ii8 Fit for Action. i| 1] 3| 9| | 1 i| i| i| | i| 1! i| IJ44JI6 Absent Officers. Names. Col. Brodhead . By Whose! Places Rpa.on, Time of Leave. Where. Keasons- Absence. Penna. Furlough Capt. Fishbourne, Aid-de-Camp to Brig. -Gen. Wayne. The American Historical Register. 355 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, CAMP JAMES ISLAND, APRIL 26th, 1783. Rank AND File V Want'g to Com plete. Alterations Since Last Return. Present. 1 Sick. 1 tn u Joined. "cu •6 '> c cu 1 -L. V t forDuty. n Duty. ficuencu ficu en X ' crtsB0 <-> c CU OT rtv. W c to 3 0 H 3 B c V fi S 1 3 | 1 , II | . | I 39 6 II 1 4 4I 65 3 1 I i 1 3 34 6 14 1 5 4i 64 4 , I \ < 329 57 112 8 25 401 31 2 576 2I361 l| i i 2i 5 Camden . . 11 16 Wagonei 10! Wait'rs, '. •s. 7.&St'ff. "c Sergeants. N. Carolina . 5afe Guards .... 1 a Gen'l Hospit'l 6 13 Artificers After Forage . 1 Charlestown . 5 1 Asst. Clc thiers. Charlestown .... 1 7 5 Gen'l Hospit'l Total 6 Boatmen . . \ Forage Guard 2 C. Fishbourne 1 Wappoo Cut 2 8 25 40 1 .fi ° B if, 0 £< |« s 0. 368 18 386 The following arranged officers have joined since last return : Captain Humphrey, Captain Wilson and Lieut. Jones. John Burns, Drummer, pro moted Drum Major. Fife Major Burnet appointed in the place of Fife Major McKinley, reduced. 356 The American Historical Register. INSPECTION RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, CAMP ON Men. Ranks. cu coo U 1 I -a crt 6 o U13 c _o"3u 3 13 fi _o"ou 1 B o 'rt" s I I tnC 'rt Q.rt u 5 2 I I 9 enCrtCcu 3 CU J IO 3 2 IS tnC bf *m fi H 3 3 i/iC 5 3 < II enrtS rt B II "en rt£cu5 o* I cocubO J- 3 OT I «3rt 3 'c? -t-> artCUbJD u cu OT I Cs=cubo>-,cu OT 5 tnrtE)- i 0 'cT E Q u0 'e? E enCrtcuCMt- V OT38 CO E•a firten E 3 P _4>E -a caBrt B Present, fit for duty 1 i ' 1 IO 357 Sick, present . . . Sick, absent . . On command . . . On furlough . . . 9 2) 121 8 6 1; 65 1 7 2 Wanting to complete 1 i ij H il i| 1 i; ; 5! 52 Establishment . . . il 1 1 53181 612 *> . .5 o en +3 <" !r! r- V .2 en ¦s fi ci •*« V In Promoted . . Reduced . . . Joined . . . Transferred Discharged Dead .... Deserted . . . 44 I I > ii i 1 1 i1 1 1 2 13 i • 3 3 20 H rt Lost in service Received . . . Returned . . . Clothing. tn e/i ! tn (J ' C3 in tn tn CU > CU > O ' <" e/i cu AS fi en en en e/i .ii inV In u Defii O u £ £ O OT rt m .fiOT J3OT O 3 rt X O OT '3O ;e . . :ient . 616 37 617 64 6u 68 616 36 1210 124 590 74 617 61 985 53 6266ll 6l6l 4-6 6l8 34 616 u tn Lost 40 Recd R't'rd 65b 3 686 5 684 5 664 12 1364 3° 664 685 7 1038 I3IO 3 6701 s! 664 12 656 N- B. — The four captains and surgeon's mate returned discharged were supernumerary officers and retired on half pay March 12th, 1783. The lieu tenant is transferred to the regiment in Pennsylvania, and the ensign to the corps of artillery. Four of the camp kettles lost were delivered to men sent on command, and never returned to the regiment. The portmanteau Cap tain Henderson (a retiring officer) took with him to Pennsylvania, and the The American Historical Register. 357 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, JAMES ISLAND, SOUTH CAROLINA, MAY n, 1783. Arms, Accoutrements AND Ammunition. en tn 13 C e0 inCU en cu euc cu0 B tnE c/i en 13 c/iE 0c bo "2 tn 2 rt B B U CJ OT 0 rt B .s E O ¦J OT 1) B 3 P E ft in w 3 u •544 544 544 456 400 .55 1139 IO IO 5 9 23 l^ tnuu Bt - rt 3 0JU rt OT cucu3O -OJ3 '/l E ftrt U C cu w rt O B "rt cu c CU 0 v. CU *J enrts COCU bortk.O B V- 0 B vO "5 O H I-. M MDIs'ft en O SC¦fi CU 0 CO D*F — " rt" _c "o k.rt U S5 Ccu 13 Ert U a 0 B Sgts. - IN » « - VO enCUa0to 4-J 3 u 00 ft0-rt rt3 O rt OT e/iCUX.rt3 a DC cu OBrtj- 0 U. k. cu rt Al CJ c/i H.Tent C. Tents en CU«3 0 B c 0 OJ3 CJ3 P cu "s 0 ft tncuin "3> rtenft rtfi rten >-, cu>rt SC ficu cu -t-» firt U encu X < enCJ E tn V > 0 XOT en cu 13 cift OT tncu •s OT tn JU-3ffi 1 45 '3 5 2 21 I 1 437 11 242 24 29 3 1 I I 3' 1 11 11 5 I other articles lost were worn out. The articles returned lost under the head of arms, accoutrements and ammunition were worn out. The clothing was lost by deserters and men who have died at hospitals — and worn .out in service. All the clothing lost, received and returned since the 7th Novem ber last are included in this return. 358 The American Historical Register. MONTHLY R*ETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, Companies. Light Infantry Doyle . . Wilson . . Fishbourne . Irvine . Bankson Boude . . Humphry . . Bowen . . . Total Officers Present Fit for Duty Commissioned. Staff Non-Commis'd- — 1 1 r/i fi a -a fi 1 : i Crt B hn T) c E Si in u V OT O crt o u cu cn en C rtCcu3cu B en c CUen rt 1 Elfi 'rt1 )-¦CU 'c? o enC >-cuse3U Q CU co "oU o U B "oU 3 o ft rt u bf 'tn C B rt3 < dE rt ft 0) O i = all toV OT .2,5 0>P sE rtcuho I-,CJ OT — — — — — — — — 1 — , — ' — ' — — ^> I 4 i I 2 ; 4 2 I i I i I 2 2 3 I I 3 I I 2 4 I I I 1 4 2 I | | 2 .. 1 1 i i 5' 8 1 I I I I I! I 1 1 1271!! o ci o Sick, present . Sick, absent . . . On duty, present . On command . . . On extra service . . Absent with leave . On the staff . . . Total . Total Officers 1 2 2 I 1 3 I 2 I 3 , 12 2 I 4 6 Vacant . Establishment . 4 i I I Q 19 2, H Ij I I I1 "il Fit for Action. I 'I !l 5| 9'. | i| Ji A 25, 1 52(12 6 1 il45 18 1 1 131I11 Absent Officers. Names. Col. Brodhead Capt. Bankson Lieut. Butler Lieut. Miligan . Lieut. Moore . . Lieut. McCallum Lieut. Jones By whose leave. Places Where. Penna. Gen. Greene L.-Col. Harmar Gen. Greene Gen. Gist Charlest'nPenna.Wappoo Reasons. Furlough Command Time of Absence. May 7th 9th 23d Capt. Fishbourne, Aid-de-Camp Genl. Wayne The American Historical Register. 359 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, CAMP JAMES ISLAND, MAY 31st, 1783. Rank and File Want g to Com plete. Alterations Since Last Return. Present. Sick. tn* >-< aE 13 C Joined. 13 cuCJ '> CU tnu inB. E cu +-> 3 P. >. 4-> CciBfi CU OT a X bo30 13 CJ t/iC rt en)-,CUEE73 B 13 C ¦0 a) 13 CU 1-11-CU cu O tn ft enfi X) arttn B C U P fi CU en ccu en 0 U B 3 B C cfi C "rt rtcuto -£ I'O C I rt cutn tnC 0E fi CJ JM cu CJ3 E 3 C ¦M c JO c c c O 0 1-i rt cu tu p rt rt B O ft ¦ < 0 O O ' U i H OT B 1 B !B 10 • B H ft B ! ot R B. 40 9 3 4 I I 1 j 58 I 39 5 7 5 4 1 1 1 1 62 6 4 1 '3 3° 9 7 b 3 3 1 58 1 10 7! 28 • 5 15 5 7 2 62 6 4; 1 2 28 6 14 6 4 4 ii 63 1 5 ij 33 6 8 ¦ 4 6 2 4 6.3 1 5 2I 36 7 3 6 3 6 6l 1 71 2 Ii 1 34 6 10 3 6 4 63 5, 2 40 6 5 3 5 4 1 J 2, 66 1 6 2 I 1 I 3°8L 59 72 42 39 '27 7l 2' 556 56 4211 1 1 6 Camden . . . N; Carolina . Gen'l. Hospital PennsylvaniaCharlestown , Wappoo . . . 1 -1 1 39 5 17 13 76 1 Wagoners. Waiters.Artificers. Asst. Clothiers Safe Guards Wappoo Cut Charlestown M cfi 3 1 3 7 P Forage Boat Safe Guard . 10 / Boatmen . . 4 C. Fishbourne 1 Lieut. Miligan 1 42 39 27 II - ' u'3 0 KJj (**¦• p. - 349 i8| 367 1 , ¦¦ Captains Doyle and Bowen and Lieutenant Reed joined since last month. 1 drum-major, 4 drummers and fifers and 4 sergeants deserted. 1 sergeant and i drummer and fifer dead. THE REV. HABIJAH WELD. BY MARY LARDNER STARR. While looking over some old papers, I found the following record of a very long, very simple and utterly uneventful life. It is interesting to me as a true picture of the life of a minister in a New England town, in later colonial times, when the sternness of Puritan principles and manners still kept their hold on pastor and people ; and, also, because I think we are apt to forget these quiet homes where uprightness and simplicity were training the men and women whose names stand out so gloriously in the more stirring events of our national history. The Rev. Habijah Weld was born in 1702, in Dunstable, Mass. His father died six months before his birth, and when his sorrowing mother was told that her child was a son, she said : " His name is Habijah " — that is, God is my Father — " for he has no other " — and left him to that Father whom all his life he so reverently feared and served. Educated by an aunt, for those days a woman of rare culture, he passed on to Cambridge, where he graduated in 1723, at the age of twenty-one, afterwards married, and, in 1723, was appointed pastor of the First Baptist Church in Attleboro', Mass. ; succeeding in the pastorate the Rev. Mr. White and the Rev. Matthew Short, who had received as his stipend £~$o a year — one-third in money, two-thirds in provisions. The events of Mr. Weld's life end here. Henceforth it was to be passed in this quiet place, preaching every Sunday (or Sabbath, as he would have called it) in his meeting house, which, as the records of a town meeting, held in 17 10, tells us, was thirty feet square. It is easy to call up its white-painted exterior, its stiff seats inside, its many windows unshaded from the light, scorching hot in summer and icy cold in winter snows. We can see him, as he stood in his pulpit, short, stout and vigorous in mind and body, and woe to the man or woman who fell asleep under the fire of his eloquent seventhly and eighthly and The Rev. Habijah Weld. 361 conclusion, the withering rebuke and public reprimand were unsparing. He had a farm of about seventy acres, bought with his pat rimony, and a decent house, while his regular salary from the church was $220.00 per annum. On this, as the old record proceeds to tell us, " he lived in a style of genuine hospitality, and Vvas always prepared to contribute to the necessities of others." He had fifteen children — four sons and eleven daughters — beside the care of a grandson, the child of his daughter Dorothy Educated by this stern and unworldly spirit, he was ready, when the time came, to fight the battles of his country, and to suffer unspeakable anguish, in his desire that she might be free and independent. His daughters were allowed to marry, with his permission, only ministers. This large family he educated, with the means mentioned, in a " manner superior to what is usually found in similar circum stances ; and, for the regulation of his domestic concerns, he prescribed for himself a fixed system of rules, which were invari ably observed. His family, laborers and servants submitted to them with cheerfulness and the house became the seat of abso lute industry, peace and good order." Breakfast was at six o'clock, dinner at twelve, supper at six, after which " he neither made visits himself or permitted any of his family to make them, and his observance of the Sabbath was probably unexampled. When hired laborers were at work, however busy the season, even when his crops were in danger of destruction by rain, he dismissed them all so early on Saturday afternoon as to enable them to reach their homes by sunset, the time at which he com menced his Sabbath. The cattle were fed, his cows milked, the vegetables for the ensuing day prepared, and the family sum moned together previously to the sacred period. The time was passed with his household in reading and prayer, and at nine o'clock, punctually, they all retired to their bed." The record does not give us any idea of what this energetic and godly man read to his submissive family ; but we do know of one book in his library, a volume of " Sermons and Discourses on Divers Divine Subjects," which had once belonged to Cotton Mather. It is an antique collection of sermons, some of which would be of three hundred pages of ordinary book form. One 362 The American Historical Register. shudders at the tortures undergone by the four sons and eleven daughters on those peaceful Sabbath eves. " When the sacred day came, no work was done in the house, no rooms were swept, no beds made, nor was any acts except those absolutely necessary and in the strictest sense of the word done, until sunset on the succeeding day, when in his opinion the Sabbath terminated." This strict observance continued among his descendants until late days in New England. I remember his great-granddaughter's recollection of her Sabbaths, when a dreary walk to the grave yard was the only amusement allowed, until the clanging of the meeting-house bell called to evening worship, with its long ser mon — so often on future punishment and horrors, that childish eyes were open long into the night, and fears of the great un known were almost too much for childish brains. Mr. Weld was naturally as the record puts it, " of an ardent temperament " — but so had he mastered himself, " that an impru dent act was never done, or an imprudent word ever uttered by him." For years flowed on this quiet life ; " his house open to the best in the land, vice rebuked, profanity sternly reproved ; while no,t a scene of dissipation, not a riot or disorder or fault among his people escaped his open rebuke from the pulpit. In his parochial duties faithful, never losing sight of the eternal interest of his people " who regarded him with trust and venera tion. During the long period of fifty-five years he never " once was detained from his pulpit on the Sabbath by illness, nor from any of his pastoral duties. His prayers were suited to various occasions — his sermons eloquent and solemn, while his rever ence for the Scriptures was so profound that the truths they con tained were preached by him in an undaunted and unwavering spirit." The Sabbath before his death, he preached as usual his two sermons ; the next Tuesday, in his own chaise he drove to Providence, twenty miles away, and returned about four o'clock in the afternoon. The May sun and the long drive perhaps exhausted the old man's strength, for, we are told as he entered the house and taking his seat in his chair, he called to his faithful wife " for more air." Pausing a moment with a serene smile on his face, and raising his hands he closed his own eyes — and so passed away the soul of Habijah Weld, to that God and Father, to whom eighty-two years before his mother had committed The Rev. Habijah Weld. 363 him. Nothing more uneventful than this life can be written or imagined. A routine of dull daily duties, and persistence in high ideals. In these busy times, when We glance and nod and bustle by, And never once possess our souls, Before we die, it is restful ^0 turn back in thought to this quiet home, dedicated to the highest pursuit, the eternal good of mankind, and to the life among the green meadows and leafy trees of beautiful New England of one of her godly men To whom it was given j Many to save with thyself — And at the end of the day, A> ;>• O ! faithful Shepherd ! to come, Bringing thy sheep in thy hand. Fac-simile of a portion of a Letter of General St. Clair. V MAJOR-GENERAL ARTHUR ST. CLAIR. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR, AMERICAN PATRIOT. Born in Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, in 1734. Died in Greensburg, Pa., August 31, 181 8. Ensign 60th Foot, May 13, 1757, in America; was at capture of Louisbourg in 1758; was at Quebec in 1758; resigned Lieutenancy, April 16, 1762; and settled in Ligonier Valley, Pa., as merchant-miller and farmer ; held many public offices in Bedford and Westmoreland counties, Pa. ; Colonel of Pennsylvania Militia, July, 1775 ; Colonel 2d Pennsylvania line, January 3, 1776; Brigadier-General, August 9, 1776; Major-General, February 19, 1777. ERRATA. The following errors occur in this article through the form going to press before proofs were revised : Page 367, fourteenth line from bottom, "great-grandfather " Page 368, tenth line from bottom, " Boscawen " Page 368, ninth line from bottom, " siege " Page 370, fifth line from bottom, " Lytle " Page 370, fifth line from top, " In 1787 he was " Page 371, eighth line from top, " Robb " Page 371, twenty-first line from top, " Minneapolis " Page 371, twenty-sixth line from top, " Minneapolis " Page 371, sixth line from bottom, " Rorison " Page 371, tenth line from bottom, " now living :'' MAJOR-GENERAL ARTHUR ST. CLAIR. BY KATE VANCE GREENLEAF. Pasadena, California, July 4, 1895. Editor American Historical Register : Will you, through the pages of the Historical Register, allow me to pay a loving tribute on this our " Independence Day," to the memory of one who largely helped to achieve it. My noble ancestor, Major-General Arthur St. Clair. It is not my purpose to follow step by step the services he so cheerfully rendered, they have already been recorded by the great State of Ohio, but only to write matters concerning him which are known and treasured in his family. It is, I think, the duty and should be the pleasure of the descendants of all the heroes of the Revolution, to offer their chaplets to the American Historical Register and thus render their names imperishable, for — ' ' Low breathes the name And faint the fame, That bridge two Centuries. ' ' Yours truly, K. Vance Greenleaf. My mother's grandfather, Arthur St. Clair, has ever been my model and hero from the time when I was only eight years old and in the "Parley's History" class at school, read of his "defeat by the Indians." My teacher, an old gentleman of sixty, tap ping me on the shoulder, as St. Clair's name was mentioned, and calling out " Kit ! that was your grandfather." Young as I was, I can yet remember that along with a feeling of pride that my grandfather should be in history, came the desire to know why he was defeated, and a determination to find out for myself if it was his fault — as my historian seemed to imply. Hurrying home after school, I soon learned from my father (for my mother was dead) something of his history, and great services to this country — both during the Revolution and after. How he spent his handsome fortune in her cause, and in return was allowed to die in poverty, not even a truthful place in his tory being given him. A feeling of indignation at such injustice took possession of my childish heart, and the great desire then and there arose, to in some way have justice done his memory, that we, his children, might not be deprived of the only legacy he had to leave us, the- precious heritage of his honored name. My desire has now been perfectly realized in the " St. Clair 368 The American Historical Register. Papers," arranged and annotated by Wm. Henry Smith, who, though bound by no tie of blood, has, as he wrote me, from a school boy been his ardent admirer for " his virtues, more felt than seen." He has spared neither expense nor labor to search out the truth, and place his hero where he so justly belongs — by the side of Washington, whose counsellor, friend and helper he was, in the darkest days of the Revolution. Beautifully and touchingly does he tell the sad story of St. Clair's noble life, throwing the light of well authenticated facts on many impor tant events, hitherto not understood ; each adding new lustre to that revered name — but none to wipe the black stain of ingratitude from the government he so long and faithfully served. The St. Clairs, as a family, have ever held in history, song and story, an honored place. Their ardent admirer, Sir Walter Scott, says they were noble, brave and true to whatever cause they espoused, and refers to them as " The Lordly Line of High St. Clair." * Tracing back in history a thousand years, we find them to be the first Dukes of Normandy, one of whom was father to William The Conqueror, and in Scotland, France and England, many times, closely allied to royal blood. These were the ancestors on his father's side of our republican St. Clair; his mother, Margaret Balfour, belonging to the noble house of that name in Scotland. General St. Clair was born in Caithness Castle, Thurso, Scotland, March 23, 1734; was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and at the age of twenty-one, entered the military service of Great Britain. In 1758 he came over to America, with Admiral Boscarven, and was under General Amherst at the second seige of Louisbourg, where he so distinguished himself by his bravery, and was promoted. Then under Generel Wolfe at Quebec, he again showed his bravery, for he scaled the heights and bore the British colors on the " Plains of Abraham," until the field was won, and Quebec taken. Remaining in the garrison here all winter, seeing much hard service, he was rejoiced when the campaign was ended and he could once more enjoy the pleas ures and comforts of civil life. Having been frequently sent to Boston on military business to the then governor, James * See " Lay of The Last Minstrel." Major-General Arthur St. Clair. 369 Bowdoin, he there met at the Executive Mansion, the lovely niece of the Governor, Miss Phcebe Bayard, whose father was a merchant of Boston, and her mother, James Bowdoin's sister. She was in every way fitted to inspire the tenderest feelings, and certainly made a deep impression on our young officer, for so soon as he could obtain a furlough, he hastened to Boston and sought her hand in marriage. From a miniature . painting of him taken at this time, still in our family, and descriptions handed down, he must have been remarkably handsome and striking in appearance, possessing that noblesse obligebom in him, as well as a manly beauty of form and feature for which his noble ancestors had ever beeft remarkable, in history. Early in May, 1760, Trinity Church, Boston, of which Rev. William Hooper was then rector, was the scene of a brilliant wedding. Gallant officers in rich British uniforms and coy young maidens in costumes not unlike what their great-granddaughters now wear, filled the church, and must have made of it a picture well worth preserving — as they had no "Kodaks " in those days we will have to draw on our imagination. As St. Clair had inherited a handsome fortune, and his bride received from her grandfather a dowry of £14,000 he determined to retire from the army and enter upon the improvement of his large landed estates, which were his by purchase, as well as grants from the King for service in the late French war. Choosing the lovely Ligonier valley for his home, he resigned his commission in the British army, and in the spring of 1762, with his bride, now a fair young mother, settled down in. what was then a wilderness. Fourteen years of perfect happiness now sped swiftly by, St. Clair holding no less than six lucrative public offices in Pennsylvania — such was the public confidence in him — and five lovely children filling his home and heart with gladness. But the clouds were gather ing, soon to break into open revolt against the mother country, and of course such men as St. Clair were needed. In December, 1775, the summons came in the form of a letter from President Hancock inclosing a colonel's commission and urging him to come at once to Philadelphia. We have not space in this brief sketch to follow him through the war, though we could write a volume, every page filled with gallant deeds. His unselfish patriotism was of this caliber : " If my country is 370 The American Historical Register. benefited I am satisfied." So through the entire struggle we find him cheerfully obeying orders and filling positions in the army which those more ambitious for fame would not accept. How could Washington have weathered the storm without his ready help, wise counsel and generous aid from his private purse ? One of his most devoted admirers and friends was Lafayette, who in one of his letters to him writes : " I wish you could come to see me in France, receiving you there would be a true happiness to me." In 1783 St. Clair was elected president of the "Society of the Cincinnati," for the State of Pennsylvania In 1787 was elected president of the Continental Congress, under his super vision was that ordinance framed of which Judge Timothy Walker says " no language of panegyric would be extravagant. It approaches as nearly to absolute perfection as anything to be found in the legislation of mankind." In 1788, Congress having appointed St. Clair governor of the Northwestern Territory, he assumed his duties with headquarters at Marietta, Ohio. In filling this office he felt in honor bound to assume debts for his government, that is the United States, which they never repaid him, and he died poor in this world's goods but rich in better things. Major-General Arthur St. Clair and Phcebe Bayard, his wife, had seven children. 1. John Murray St. Clair, b. 1762, d. 1844 ; m. in 1783, Jane Parker, of Allegheny county, Pa. Their only child, Arthur, died unmarried. 2. Daniel St. Clair, b. 1764, m. 1783, Rachael Knight, of Montgomery county, Pa., and had seven children : Arthur m. Sallie Dewese, no children; Phcebe m. David Boyd, one son; Robert^, unm., 1827; James m. Margaret Edy ; Margaret in. Richard Edy, d. 1870; Rachael Louisa m. Mr. Farqueson; Sarah d. unm., and Daniel d. near Norristown, Pa., January, 1834. 3. Arthur b. 1766, m. Frances Lyth, had six children; Arthur m. Mary Lane, no children ; John d. unm., Margaret Balfour, m. George W. Fapscott, and Frances, Laura and Eliza, d. unm. 4. Elizabeth b. 1768, m. first Captain John Lawrence, an Major-General Arthur St. Clair. 371 officer of the Revolution who d. in 1800 and had Mary,* m. Captain Samuel C. Vance, U. S. Army, and had four children ; Catharine m. Major Thomas Randolph who was killed at the battle of Tippecanoe, had one daughter Mary; Elizabethf d. unm. in Indianapolis ; Thomas, who left two sons, Arthur and Thomas. General James Dill was Elizabeth St. Clair's second husband; they had one son, Hamilton. 5. Louisa b. 1770, m. 1795, Samuel Roff, of Ligonier, they had seven children ; Margaret Balfour, m. 1818, William Bald- ridge; Arthur, George Washington, Ellen, Douglas, John Murray, Mary Louisa, m. first John Sutton and had one son who died unmarried. She m. second John Wineland, and had five children. * Mary Lawrence married Captain Samuel Colville Vance, who held his first commission in the army from General Washington, and for sometime commanded Fort Washington (Cincinnati). He was wounded in the War of 1812. When the war was over he founded Lawrenceburg, Indiana, and named the town for his wife ; built a beautiful home there which is still standing and there he and his, wife both died leav ing four children : I. Arthur St. Clair Vance b. about 1800, m. Lavinia Noble, a sister of the then Governor of Indiana, and had nine children most of them still living in Indianapolis, viz., Mrs. Martha Springer, Mrs. Margaret Marshall, Samuel, Noble and Harvey. 2. Margaret Vance b. 1802, m. first Lazarus Noble, and had William who m. Annie McCord, of Crawfordsville, Md. Their children now living : Mrs. Kate Dean, Margaret who m. a son of General Lew Wallace. Her second husband was Judge Morris, of Indiana, and their only son, Samuel V. Morris, lives in Indianapolis, Minn. He m. Mary Jane Harrison and Ann Symmes Harrison, two sisters of ex-Presi dent Benjamin Harrison and had seven children. 3. Catharine Lawrence Vance b. 1804, m. Dr. Thomas Butler Pinckard of King George county, Virginia, November 26, 1826, in Lawrenceburg, Indiana. They lived in Lexington, Kentucky, and had six children, two of them still living in Pasedena, California : Margaret St. Clair who m. Granville Cecil, of Boyle county, Kentucky, and Kate Vance who m. Alvin C. Greenleaf, of Tennessee, and has two children now living. Kate St. Clair married to Seymour E. Locke, of Pasedena, Cal., and Margaret Pinckard, unmarried. Mrs. Locke has one son, Preston Erie. 4. Lawrence Vance m. Mary Jane Bates in Indianapolis and had eight children, four still living, Samuel C. who has a large family and lives in Florida ; Mary who m. Mr. Korison and lives in London, England ; Lawrence lives in California and Arthur lives unmarried in Indianapolis. t Mary Randolph m. William Sheets of Indianapolis, had eight children ; Bettie married Archibald Irwin Harrison, a brother of ex-President Harrison ; Harrison living in Virginia ; Randolph living in Chicago ; Mary and Kate near Philadelphia. The rest are dead. 372 The American Historical Register. '6. Jane b. 1772) m. Samuel Jervis, and had Phcebe, m., 1827, Dr. David Baldridge. 7. Margaret b. 1774, d: young, unm. General St. Clair was buried in the beautiful cemetery' at Greensburg, Pa. His monument was -erected on the left-hand side of the main entrance and immediately adjoining it, and sur rounded by a hedge of arbor-vitoz. It was a plainly designed monument of native sandstone, bearing on one side the following inscription : The earthly remains of Major General Arthur St. Clair are deposited beneath this humble monument, which is erected to supply the place of a nobler one, due from his country. He died August 31, 1818, in the 84th year of his age. On the reverse side of the monument : This stone is erected over the bones of their departed brother by the members of the Masonic Society resident in this vicinity. CELEBRATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS. Society Daughters of the American Revolution : *x* The week ending October 19, 1895, will ever be a memorable one in Atlanta, Ga. The Daughters of the American Revolution .held a special- national congress there Friday, October 18. The entertainments given in their honor exceeded in brilliancy all social events ever seen in the city. The most distinguished women of the coun try were there. By noon, October 18, Atlanta was the rendezvous of, more distinguished women than have ever assembled in the South before: Nearly all of the national officers of the Society were there, and almost every chapter of each State society was represented. On the 1 7th there had been a State reunion in the assembly room at which all State regents were present. In the morriing of October 18 "the assembly halt of the woman's de partment of the Atlanta Fair, or the Cotton States and International Expose tion, was filled with one of the most distinguished audiences that has ever .assembled at any one time in the South: The assembly hall seemed the most-fitting of all places for' such a reunion, and its beautiful decorations ari'd furnishings contributed and arranged by the women of Charleston, represented by "Mrs. Andrew Simonds, lent special dignity to the occasion. The portraits of Calhoun and his contemporaries, and those of superb. idames of the days gone by, met one's gaze on all sides and in spired to a great extent the beautifully eloquent addresses made by the. many brilliant and distinguished women who made the programme a subject of the greatest enthusiasm. After delightful music from the Mexican orchestra, Mrs. Loulie M. Gordon, chairman of the woman's congresses, and prominently associated with the Daughters of the American Revolution, made an, appropriate address of welcome ; and introducing Mrs. William Dickson, regent of, the Atlanta chapter, said :' , , The significance of the union of the great body of women known as the Daughters qf the American Revolution, cannot be overestimated. From every section of our country, America's daughters have enrolled their names, until our organization is known around the world and is, loved and honored by every member. The knowledge that our ancestors were united by .common interests— that their hopes and fears and patriotism were one and the same in loyal intensity is a great and beautiful influence which has swept a*ide all sectional barriers and forever buried the bitter differences which cam.e so near wrecking us in the strife of civil war. We stand a, loyal, loving 374 The American Historical Register. band of united sisters, holding and cherishing the dear traditions of our forefathers, reaching out and moving onward and upward in all the true interests of humanity and filling the hearts of our children and friends with the fearlessness and faith and the enthusiasm of a great and beautiful purpose. As chairman of the woman's congresses of the International and Cotton States Exposition, and as a loyal member of the Daugh ters of the American Revolution, it gives me great pleasure to greet you, our visiting chapters, and to extend to you the courtesies and freedom of our city. What we are, we show you ; what we have, is yours. And now, allow me the happiness of introduc ing to you the regent of our Atlanta chapter, Mrs. William Dickson, whose far-reaching interest and wide-spreading influence has made her name a lasting power. To Mrs. Dickson may be attributed much of the success due the Organi zation in Atlanta. She has taken unselfish interest in everything pertaining to its success, and the social features of the meeting in Atlanta have all been under her special direction. She is a woman of ability and strong charac ter, and her interest in an undertaking assures its success. Mrs. Dickson, in her address introducing Mrs. Morgan, said : Ladies — As regent of the Atlanta Chapter it is my pleasing duty to welcome to Atlanta and to Georgia the Colonial Dames and the Daughters of the American Revolu tion. The names which are used in the scription of the Organization assembled here themselves stir the heart and strike upon the ear with the exhilaration of a trumpet blast. Involuntarily the mind is aroused and memory sweeps us backward to the time in the history of our republic when the woodsman's ax first began to ring out in our forests in clearing the path for a wonderful — almost miraculous — development ; to the grand elder day when the strong and healthful bodies of the daughters of America were clad in sober domestics, and the dames of a rising and mighty nation were busied with the coarse fabrics which were slowly evolved from the drowsy fireside looms. Atlanta is new and daring ; but Georgia is old, very old, and staid and dignified. One hundred and sixty-five years ago our then royal master, King George II., of England, granted his letters patent for " the settling of the colony of Georgia," and from that date until this, either as a royal colony or a sovereign State, Georgia has been making giant strides in the direction of intellectual, social and commercial greatness, with the present prc-pheoy of a destiny which it were difficult to find proper words to prefigure. To-day Georgia is loyal, peaceful, prosperous. Her factories are vocal with the hum of flying wheels and her fields are white with snowy cotton. Georgia is, and always has been, American to her heart's core. She had far less reason for dissatisfaction, fewer grievances by far to complain of, than any of the original thirteen colonies, but when her sister colonies which were more accessible to England and more exposed to the arrogance and rapacity of a foreign master, raised the cry of oppression and public distress, Georgia was among the first to strike hands in a defensive union, and her soldiers among the boldest in striking blows for American independence. The blood of her sons " stains the sweet scenery " of every battlefield which Americans have fought. The hatred of oppression and the generous love of freedom which inspired her heart in the days of Bunker Hill and Valley Forge still characterize her people, intensified only by years of experience of the true worth of liberty. Ah, with what pleasure Georgia contemplated the union of States and with what ardent joy she settled herself in her queenly seat as one of the States of the United States of America. How much she loved, and still loves our national traditions, the memory of past achieve ments, the foot-prints, so numerous now, which mark the stately step-springs of liberty on these shores. How much she loves the old flag, the stars and stripes which now wrap in their folds so much of human glory, and with what enthusiasm and sincerity she can to-day cry out in the voice of one of her peerless sons : " Flag of the Union, wave Celebrations and Proceedings. 375 on, wave ever!" In the midst of these buildings filled with the evidences of her industry and thrift, of her intellect and taste, of her peace and contentment, she proudly invokes the natural sentiment and unhesitatingly invites the confidence and affection of the people of all the States, of all patriotic Americans whose homes and whose strivings are bound in by our two oceans. She welcomes with pride and pleasure the distinguished ladies in whose veins flow the blood of our founders, of the patriotic colonists, and the American soldiers who bared their breasts and freely yielded up their lives to establish the nation and make possible the glory and happiness of this era. Welcome, thrice welcome, to this venerable soil, and to the homes and hearts of Georgians. Mrs. Morgan, the State regent of Georgia, who delivered a clever and brilliant address, is a woman of unusual beauty and grace. As Miss Casey, she was one of the belles of Georgia and in every sense a worthy representa tive of the State regency. Her address was a brief and interesting history of the Organization in Georgia, and she was frequently interrupted by enthusiastic applause. At the conclusion of Mrs. Morgan's address, Mrs. Joseph Thompson made an address of welcome to the distinguished guests of the city, and in a charming way expressed her pleasure and happiness at welcoming them to Atlanta. Mrs. Thompson said : Daughters of the American Revolution : This generation has inaugurated, and is now carrying to successful issue, a Revolution as fundamental in its consequences to womankind as was the American Revolution to mankind. The latter was fought out at bayonet's point and to the music of the cannon's roar. But the inspiration of our revolution is to be found in the justice, intelligence and love that Christian civilization has given to the world. Daughters of both revolutions are here — worthy of the ances tral blood that comes from Revolutionary sires and colonial dames ! The battling for political, religious and personal rights has given to the world more than the realization of Plato's dream. This great republic of the new world can only culminate in a grander and broader freedom of thought, action and achievement for all her citizens, irrespective of sex. Thus clasping hands with you in your beautiful aspira tions toward perpetuating the memory of this heroic past, we extend you tender welcome. Your excellent Order is but another of those now so numerous organizations look ing toward a union of hearts and brotherhood and sisterhood of humanity, of which poets have sung and philosophers dreamed, " That divine event toward which all creation tends," when all shall move to victory under one banner, and that " banner over them shall be love." Catching your inspiration as I stand here to-day, the representative of woman's part in this exposition — in this hour of hope's fairest fruition to me — aglow with aspirations of future usefulness, I rejoice to feel that in my ancestry are united both North and South. Born and reared beneath these sunny skies — treasuring the traditions, history and civilization of the old and new South, yet I trace with pride ancestral rooting in old Plymouth Rock. I rejoice to see you here, and thank you in the name of the woman's board for the contribution you make us of your sacred and valued relics, Revolutionary and colonial. We have a beautiful home in which they may be dis played to great advantage and where they will have protection commensurate to their priceless value. They will interest all who see them and tell their story to the young and old, awakening renewed interest in the history of our country, ever suggesting the 376 The American Historical Register. vast debt we owe for the blessing of freedom and kindling anew the fires of patriotism May I be permitted to remark on the broadening and naturalizing effect of your organization. How even in the present growing spirit of fraternity between the sections of this country it still further cements the ties formerly sundered by civil strife, and binds together its members in bonds of love — for it knows no North, no South, no East or West. In every town and hamlet, from ocean to ocean, in humble cottage, as in gorgeous palace, are to be found the descendants of the sires of the Revolution who" alike find membership and companionship in your distinguished Order. Thus do you subserve your high purposes in reviving through all sources the names and the fame of the patriots of the Revolution, and giving to all in accord with the spirit and genius of our free institutions the honor such lineage confers. Thus will you further increase your numbers until yours will indeed be a grand army, enlisted under proud banners and for worthy and exalted purposes. Again, ladies, I bid you welcome and express the hope that you may find your visit so agreeable, as not to be soon forgotten, while to us it will ever be a pleasant and abiding memory. Following Mrs. Thompson was an address on " Our History," by Miss Eugenia Washington. It was full of interest and charming sketches of the history of the Organization and those prominently associated with it. At the conclusion of Miss Washington's paper, Dr. Anita Newcome McGee, from District of Columbia, read an able address as representative from Utah Organization. " Our Magazine " was the subject of Mrs. May L. Lockwood. She is one of the most distinguished women of the Organization, and received many attentions and honor during her visit to Atlanta. Mrs Donald McLean, of New York, who is the most eloquent woman associated with any organization in the. country, aroused the greatest enthu siasm during her address on the inspiring subject of patriotism. She isa woman of wonderful magnetism, and a physique and carriage that belongs to the queenliest type of American womanhood. The principal address of the afternoon was that of Mrs. Letitia Green Stevenson, wife of Vice-President Adlai Stevenson. When she appeared at the wopan's building under the escort of her. distinguished husband, she was given the heartiest of receptions, and her address which followed was received with great enthusiasm. In speaking of the Society and its aims, Mrs. Stevenson said : I am honored by being invited, with other ladies, to represent the National Society' of the Daughters of ¦ the American ¦ Revolutiori, gathered fo-day in this new Mecca of the new South. Nor need I say that it gives me pleasure once again to meet you, with many of whom I have held sweet counsel in days gone by. It is with more than ordinary pleasure that I greet you, remembering that it was my privilege to sign the certificates of membership to the National Society of more than five thousand Daugh ters. You will pardon then, the "maternal pride with which I look upon the representa tives of some of my numerous family. There can be no more fitting time than this to congratulate you upon the high character and success of your national, State and local officers. To "You that hold a nobler office upon earth Than arms or power or brains or birth Could give the warrior kings of old " , . Celebrations and Proceedings. 377 is given the sacred duty of carrying to the happy completion the noble work so auspi ciously begun by your first president-general. The land is rife with organizations of of every kind and character for the elevation and promotion of woman ; but the Daughters of the American Revolution are working especially for the future welfare of our country. The beneficent effect of the National Society we of this day will not know ; our children will reap the harvest. This day we not only celebrate the surrender of the haughty Cornwallis and the close of the Seven Years' War, but note an epoch in this land where the sun shines brightest, the breezes are balmiest, the home alike of brave men and fair women. Having broken with the past, it has entered, as we believe, upon a new era of prosperity and power. In our beloved land there is no patriotic heart that does not thrill with the echo 'of departed woes, as events follow fast, and one upon another which tell in unmis takable terms of buried animosities and of an " indivisible union of indestructible States.'' In that silent city which stands a little beyond the " madding crowd " that surges in and out of that great metropolis on the lake, there rests a granite shaft above the quiet graves of those who fell by the wayside, far from home and friends. On that memorable morning, May 30, 1895, earnest women and heroic men united heart and hand with fervent prayer and quiet tear, dedicated a monument on Northern soil to the Confederate dead. I rejoice that in the home of my adoption such things can be. All honor to the generous men and women who bowed their heads in reverence while Southerners shed quiet tears over their loved and lost. Less than a month ago the soldiers who stood face to face during the late war were right royally welcomed to the city of Louisville. You are all doubtless familiar with that masterful speech of the noted journalist, Henry Watterson, on that occasion. However, I beg your indulgence while I read the closing sentences of that address : " The Union, with its system of Statehood still intact, survives ; and with it a power and glory among men passing the dreams of the fathers of the republic. You and I fold our arms and go to sleep, leaving to younger men to hold and defend a property ten-fold greater than that received by us, its ownership unclouded and its title deeds recorded in heaven !" The scene that followed this beggared description. The hoary-headed warrior and the gray-haired woman clasped hands, and once more alienated hearts beat as one, and the chasm fprever closed — as we trust — that divided a now united people. Again, at Chattanooga thebattle-scared veterans and men of national repute, representatives of the blue and gray, united in accepting and dedicating the blood-bought battlefield as a national park, and there, together blended their voices in praise and thanksgiving. Turning for a moment from the present to the past, we find that James Ogle thorpe, a philanthropic member of Parliament, conceived the idea of seeking asylum for the small debtor class of England on the new continent. He obtained a charter from George II., in 1732, and in his honor called the new colony " Georgia." The next year Oglethorpe, with his first company of emigrants, reached the Savannah and selected a site for a city. Greatly encouraged, Oglethorpe returned to England and sent out a company from Darien. He returned in 1736, accompanied by John and Charles Wesley. John Wesley's hope was to convert the Indians and make Georgia a religious colony, but failing in that he returned to England. Whitfield also spent several years in the colony, and established at Savannah an orphan asylum. In spite of all Ogle thorpe's efforts, the colony did not prosper, except in the Moravian settlements. In 1752 the trustees resigned their charter to the King. The liberties were then extended and the cession of Florida to the English rendered the future secure and nothing remained to retard the prosperity of Georgia. It was not until a month had elapsed that news of the battle of Lexington reached 378 The American Historical Register. Charlotte, N. C. The people immediately met, declared themselves free from all alle giance to the King and promised to defend the independence thus asserted with their lives and fortunes. This was the first proposal to throw off the British yoke. Their country men at the North were in arms merely for the rights to which, as British subjects, they believed themselves entitled. The people of Mecklenburg were, however, the first to declare in favor of complete independence. The story of the Revolution of Cowpens, Guilford Court House, King's Mountain, Eutaw Springs, and the terms of capitulation at Yorktown, in the old historic More house (still standing) are all too familiar to need further mention. Quackenbos, from whom I have largely quoted, pays this beautiful tribute to the women of the Revolution : " The noble efforts of the women of our country must not be forgotten. Wishing to do all in their power for the noble cause, they organized societies and made up large quantities of clothing with their own hands for the suffering soldiers. Particularly was this done in Philadelphia, where Dr. Franklin's daughter and the wife of Gen. Joseph Reed took a prominent part in the movement. No less than $7500 worth of clothing was thus contributed ; and many a needy and ragged soldier invoked a blessing on the tender-hearted women of the dear land for which he fought, when he was enabled through their labors, to exchange his tattered garments for a warm and comfortable suit." But what of the future ? No doubt questions of as grave import will be presented to the coming generations as those which confronted our fathers. America, the heir of all the ages has and will rear a race of women that shall prove that the oft-repeated saying of Emerson, "America, thy name is opportunity!" has not been by them unheeded. Faithfulness in the past has given you privileged times in which to live. The work is to go on. The triumphs of truth and righteousness are to be carried forward, down the course of years. We know not what God, " From out whose hand The centuries fall like grains of sand," may bring to the realization of those who live a hundred years to come. But we know that if you act your part well, your life will bear its contribution to human welfare, and help to ripen some fruit sweet to human taste and lovely in the eyes of God. Duty done, reaches in its effects down the ages and into eternity. Neither the prizes of life nor its usefulness are attained by accident. Faithfulness is, under God, the fountain of success. Humble though that success shall be, it will be precious. It is by the service of millions, thus faithful, that righteousness becomes triumphant, and the world is made better. You can live your life but once ; and God has given you the high privileges of going forth into it in earnest days, that you may receive and be blessed by the affluent results which, under his providence, have come out of the past endeavor, and, in nobly doing your whole duty, may add some strength to the holy movements which are now working out the divine designs on earth. And all this not in the full glare of public life, but in the shade of that gentler, albeit, higher "sphere," for which the training and culture of a century's experience here have tended to better fit you. The other addresses of the afternoon were by Mrs. Joshua Wilbour, of Rhode Island, on " Colonial Hall ;" Mrs. J. Harvey Mathes, of Tennessee, "Influence of Patriotic Societies ;" Mrs. Daniel Lathrop, of Massachusetts, " Children of the American Revolution ;" Mrs. V. K. Maddox, of Califor nia, "Our Common Ancestry." Mrs. William Dickson's reception in the afternoon was a very brilliant affair. The house was elaborate in its decorations of palms and Celebrations and Proceedings. 379 flowers. The dining hall was particularly pretty with large bowls of pink roses and superb statuary in the carved pedestals around the room. The guests were received in the front salon, which was charming in its furnish ings. Mrs. Dickson is noted for her delightful manner of entertaining and the reception was elegant in every way. The beautiful rooms of the Concordia Club in the evening, on the occasion of the grand ball in honor of the Daughters of the American Revo lution and the Colonial Dames, by the Atlanta Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Board of Woman Managers of the Cotton States and International Exposition and the Colonial Committee of the Woman's Department presented a scene that has never been surpassed in brilliancy by any social function in this country. The gathering was one of illustrious and handsome people, and the costumes made the splendid rooms an Aladdin's palace for wonderful color and brilliance. The music from the Spanish orchestra floated over a vast company, mingling delicacy of sound with perfume and flowers, with jewels and marvelous fabrics. The ballroom was festooned with flags and the national colors, and was adorned with flowers and splendid palms ; the banquet hall, where an elegant repast was served, was redolent with flowers and luminous with the lights from shaded lamps. PENNSYLVANIA. *** The Chester County Chapter held its meeting at West Chester September 19, at the home of Mrs. Thomas W. Marshall. Notwithstand ing the great heat the meeting was one of the best and most enthusiastic held during the last twelve months. A review of the work done, and the prosperity of the Society afforded much encouragement. The membership has grown rapidly, more than doubling itself the past year. The November meeting will be at the home of Mrs. E. D. Bingham. At the last meeting the following resolution was heartily endorsed : Realizing what patriotism and self-sacrifice were necessary to establish American Independence through the Revolutionary War, and to maintain our government during the Civil War, we, the Chester County Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, recommend that a suitable text-book be provided and instruction be given in all of the public schools throughout Chester county in the principles of the United States Government and in the high and imperative duties of citizenship. *** Mrs. Nathaniel B. Hogg, of Pittsburgh, State regent, met the members of Col. Hugh White Chapter September 21, at the residence of the regent, Mrs. Louis A. Scott, Lock Haven. \* The Yorktown Chapter, at York, after four months' vacation, resumed its meetings October 2, at Willow Bridges, the home of Gov ernor Black. The first business disposed of was the election of officers for the ensuing year. This resulted in retaining, with one or two excep tions, those already in office, viz : Regent, Miss Louise Dawson Black ; 380 The American Historical Register. vice-regent, Mrs. George Fisher ; registrar, Miss Eliza E. Cochran ; treas urer, Miss Mary D. Croll ; recording secretary, Mrs. Henry A. Ebert ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. E. W. Spangler. A report, giving a synopsis of the work of the Society for the past year recited the facts of the organization of Yorktown Chapter at the home of Mrs. H. D. Schmidt, and named as the literary products of the year the following papers: "Reminiscences of Old York," "The Conway Cabal," " Letters from the Father of our Country," " The Visit of Lafayette to York on his Last Visit to the United States,' ' "A thrilling account of some of the perils and hardships endured by our ancestors in their struggle for independence." The growth of the idea to mark the spot where Col. Thomas Hartley was buried, was noted. After this followed an animated discussion upon ways and means of adding to the Hartley memorial fund. Mrs. James W. Latimer read a most interesting and entertaining sketch of ' ' James Smith, his Patriotism and his Oddities,' ' from the pen of the Rev. Robert Cathcart, grandfather of Judge Latimer. The closing and prominent feature of the occasion, was the presentation to the Chapter by Mr. John C. Jordan, president of the York County His torical Society, a giftfrom their descendant, Dr. Charles H. Hall, of Macon, Ga., of pictures of Thomas Hartley and Mrs. Hartley. *x* The Pittsburgh Chapter has decided to make an exhibit at the opening of the Pittsburgh Carnegie library, November 5. Members of the Chapter, or their friends, having colonial, Mexican or Revolutionary relics and will exhibit them, are called upon by Mrs. Park Painter, regent, and Mrs. Christian McKee, chairman, to do so. The exhibit of the Chapter at the Atlanta Fair, is quoted as being very fine. *#* The Merion Chapter was entertained on October 1, by Mrs. Deborah M. Cresswell at her residence at Overbrook. A literary and historical pro gramme preceded the tea. The Chapter tendered a vote of thanks to J. M. Munyon for his kindness in having their historic gavel mounted in silver. This gavel is made of a piece of the original floor of Lower Merion Friends' Meeting House, built in 1695, whose bi-centennial celebration began Octo ber 5. Miss Margaret B. Harvey read her " Ode for the Bi-Centennial of Lower Merion Friends' Meeting House, respectfully dedicated to all descend ants of Cambrian sires.' ' Mrs. Cresswell displayed her fine collection of Revolutionary silhouettes and autographs, and also the family Bible of William ap Edward, which came over in the ship Lyon, August, 1682. Mrs. Cresswell is a descendant of William ap Edward, also of Thomas Ellis, the first Pennsylvania poet, and register-general under William Penn. The tea table presented a bewildering array of colonial china and silver. *V* A largely attended meeting of Donegal Chapter, Lancaster, took place at the residence of the Misses Rohrer, on North Duke street, October 11. The following officers were chosen for the ensuing year: Mrs. Henry Carpenter, regent ; Mrs. D. B. Case, vice-regent; Miss M. Lou Rohrer, treasurer ; Miss Susan R. Slaymaker, recording secretary ; Miss Sarah W. Celebrations and Proceedings. 381 Walker, corresponding secretary; Miss Serena M. North, registrar ; Miss Elizabeth Atlee, historian ; Miss Martha B. Clark, assistant historian. The new board of managers consists of the following: Mrs. Wm. P. Brinton, Mrs. Amos H. Mylin, Mrs. H. E. Slaymaker, Mrs. E. Enfield Walker, Mrs. H. M. North, Mrs. E. B. Ilyus, Mrs. DuBois Rohrer, Miss Susan P. Walker, Miss Sarah S. Long. The next meeting will be at the residence of Mrs. H. M. North, Columbia. *#* The Pittsburgh chapter selected as its representatives at the congress in Atlanta, Mrs. Stephen McCandless, Mrs. Rachel Foster, Miss Mary Mc- Candless, Miss Julia Morgan Harding, Miss Sarah McCandless, Mrs. Christian I. McKee and Miss Kate McKnight. *x* The Allegheny County Chapter held its opening reunion of the new year, October 11. It assembled, almost 200 in number, in the hall of the Twentieth Century Club, Pittsburgh. The gathering was marked by features of interesting character. Chief of these was the presentation of a historic gavel to the Chapter by Mrs. Nathaniel B. Hogg, the State regent. The gavel was made from the wood of a mulberry tree to which was bound in 1720 the great-grandfather of Mrs. Hogg, John Harris, of Harrisburg, and from whom the city took its name. John Harris, as the record states, was bound to a tree to be burned to death by the Indians because he refused to sell them rum. In her brief address of pre sentation, Mrs. Hogg outlined the interesting history. Miss Matilda Denny, County regent, received the gavel amid the enthusiastic applause of the patriotic daughters. In the annual session a number of interesting reports were submitted, covering the social and business" doings of the two chapters, the Pitts burgh Chapter and Allegheny County Chapter. Over the former Mrs. Park Painter presided as regent. Mrs. Sullivan Johnson presented the report. She recalled the celebration held in February last at the residence of Mrs. Park Painter in honor of George Washington, the reception given by the Sons of the Revolution to the Daughters at the Pittsburgh Club, the anniversary club celebration in June at the Darlington residence, Guyasuta, and the afternoon entertainment and tea at the home of Miss Denny. In response to a request for relics for the Atlanta Exposition, the report stated that sixty-five articles of unique and historic value had been forwarded. During the year, also, a series of talks had been enjoyed by the Chapter. One of the occurrences of the year, the report said, was the presenta tion to the Chapter by Mrs. Annie Larimer Jones, of a die of the seal of the Society, the handle of which had been carved from a piece of wood from the old Block House. Concluding, the report said : An unexpected, and appreciated, honor has lately come to us from the hand of Charles A. Painter, the son of one of our esteemed members. He generously proposed to secure the amount necessary to purchase the famous portrait of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, painted by William House, for presentation by the Daughters of the American Revolution to the city of Pittsburgh. This kind offer was gratefully accepted. The 382 The American Historical Register. Chapter now numbers 259, with 20 applicants, whose papers are now being considered. One death is recorded for the year, that of Mrs. Mary Purviance Irwin. Miss Matilda Denny presided as regent over the sessions of the County Chapter. Reports related to the property and possessions of the Daughters, and were sent by Mrs. W. J. Moorhead, the secretary, but who is still ill from the accident sustained some weeks since by a fall from her carriage. A purchase has been made during the year of a house in the neigh borhood known as Kings Exchange, the tablet to Col. Boquet has been removed from City Hall and adjusted in the Block House property. In the election in the Pittsburgh Chapter, Miss Matilda Denny was named regent ; Mrs. Park Painter, vice-regent ; Mrs. Sullivan Johnson, record ing secretary; Mrs. Charles H. Scott, corresponding secretary; Miss Kate McKnight, treasurer; Miss Sidney Page, registrar; Mrs. C. W. Bassett, historian, and a board of directors, including Mrs. M. K. Moorhead, Mrs. James R. Mellon, Mrs. C. I. McKee, Mrs. James B. Oliver and Mrs. John S. Holmes. The County Chapter elected a board of directors, who will elect officers at a later date. This board included Mrs. Park Painter, Mrs. Matilda Denny, Miss Mary McCandless, Miss Kate McKnight, Mrs. Albert Childs, Mrs. Byron Painter, Mrs. W. J. Holland, Mrs. W. J. Moorhead, Mrs. Remsen Messier. *#* At a meeting of the Lewisburg Chapter, held October 7, the follow ing officers were elected : Regent, Mrs. Wm. C. Walls ; vice-regent, Mrs. Joseph C. Bucher ; registrar, Miss Ida Frick ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Leon B. Wolfe ; recording secretary, Miss Annie Dale ; treasurer, Mrs. Andrew A. Leiser; Board of Managers, Miss Alice Graham and Mrs. Charles S. Wolfe. *** The Liberty Bell Chapter, Allentown, held its annual meeting October 11. After the reports for the year were read and accepted the fol lowing officers for the ensuing year were elected : Regent, Miss Minnie F. Mickley; vice-regent, Mrs. Alfred G. Saeger; historian, Miss Florence Iredell ; corresponding secretary, Miss Irene B. Martin ; recording secretary, Mrs. Robert Iredell, Jr. ; treasurer, Mrs. Thomas W. Saeger ; Board of Managers, Mrs. M. L. Kauffman, Mrs. Charles M. Dodson, Mrs. Daniel Yoder and Miss Fannie Kohler ; first alternate delegate to the Continental Congress in Washington, D. C, Mrs. Robert Iredell, Jr.; second alternate, Mrs. Alfred E. Saeger. NEW YORK. *** The Saratoga Chapter has elected : Regent, Miss Kate Batcheller ; first vice-regent, Miss Rhoda Thompson ; second vice-regent, Miss Anna M. Jones ; recording secretary, Miss Elizabeth Brown ; corresponding secre tary, Mrs. Cairns ; registrar, Mrs. James Mingay ; historian, Mrs. C. S. McKnight. *** The Ondawa Chapter, Cambridge, met with Mrs. Randies, Octo ber 1. Celebrations and Proceedings. 383 *.„.* The Albany Chapter has sent out a communication stating that, for the purpose of stimulating the study of United States history in the high schools and academies of Albany and Rensselaer counties, it is its intention to offer two prizes for the best answer-papers on the American Revolution, written at a special examination, to be held March 26, 1896, in all the insti tutions in Albany and Rensselaer counties that take regents' examinations. Mrs. Morton, wife of the Governor, signs the communication. *#* The Wyltwyck Chapter, Kingston, met at the residence of C. W. Deyo, September 23, as the guests of Miss Elizabeth Deyo, a member of the Society ; and, October 3, held a regular monthly meeting at the resi dence of Augustus H. Bruyn. The Daughters are occupying every spare moment preparing plans for the coming series of historical events which are to be given in Kingston. It is the intention of Wyltwyck Chapter in having an " historical week," to reproduce as faithfully as possible representations of important events in the early history of Kingston. Kingston is rich in incidents of this char acter, which can be illustrated in the manner contemplated by the Chapter. Among those which will be placed upon the stage are the visit of Peter Stuyvesant during the Esopus wars ; the treaty of peace made by him with the Esopus Indians ; the treaty made by Gov. Nichols with the Esopus tribe and the Minnisinks, by which vast sections of land were ceded to Dutch settlers ; the captivity of the Huguenot matrons and maidens ; their rescue by Louis Du Bois and the men under his command ; various attacks of the Indans on the settlers ; the meeting of the committee of safety ; the convening of the first senate and assembly ; the promulgation of the first constitution of the State ; the inauguration of George Clinton ; the marriage of Gov. Clinton to Miss Tappan ; inauguration ball following Gov. Clinton's inauguration ; the opening of the first term of the supreme court under the new constitution by John Jay, chief justice ; the visit of Washington, and his reception by the trustees of Kingston and the consistory of the Dutch church. The primary object of the Chapter in giving this "historical week" is by a species of object lessons to impress upon the minds of the people of Kingston and of the county the patriotic character of the early inhabitants of the place, and it is their intention, so far as possible, to have the lineal descendants of the original actors in these early scenes to take part in the the coming celebration. *#* At a recent meeting of Wyltwyck Chapter, Mrs. William S. Kenyon, Jr., regent, was chosen as a delegate to attend the National Congress of the Society at the Atlanta Exposition, October 18 and 19. The Chapter also received an invitation from Mrs. William Lawton, Fairview, Port Ewen, to attend a reception at her home on the afternoon of October 16, the date of the burning of Kingston, which the Chapter usually celebrated by "fleeing to Hurley." *#* The one hundred and eighteenth anniversary of the second battle 384 The American Historical Register. of Bemus Heights was celebrated October 7, by the Saratoga Chapter, and modest though the celebration was, it was a credit to the patriotism of the people who arranged it. Upon the spot where the farmer soldiers of October 7, 1777, dis tinguished themselves, a party of Saratogians, joined by the vice-regent of the Saratoga Chapter, Miss Rhoda Thompson, of Ballston, accompanied by Miss Alice Thompson, joined a party of "Sons and Daughters" from Albany on the historic Freeman's Farm. After a most felicitous interchange of greetings and sentiments, and en joying a genuine basket picnic, the party was favored with an effective his toric address by George Lawyer, of Albany. A tramp through the fields to the spot where Gen. Benedict Arnold was wounded in his final and terrific assault on the Hessians in their fortifica tions, the remains of which are still visible, was enjoyed by the whole party. The balance of the battle tablets were visited by carriage. *** The Wyltwyck Chapter was entertained by Mrs. Lawton at her home " Fairview," October 15. This is the regular chapter day, on which is commemorated the burning of Kingston. As the usual public celebra tion was omitted this year, from deference to the meeting of the Daughters of the American Revolution, which is to be held at Atlanta, to which the regent of Wyltwyck Chapter has been sent as a delegate, and because the members are so engaged with preparations for the historical pageart, Mrs. Lawton kindly invited the " Daughters " to a tea. A delightful two hours was spent around a great wood fire in much entertaining talk on questions regarding the purposes of the Society, the recent visit to the Oneida Chap ter, the historical pageant, and on physical culture, a subject most happily introduced by one of the ladies. "Wyltwyck Chapter has been criticised," remarked one of its mem bers, "because it has chosen as a Chapter Day one which commemorates a great disaster, rather than one which celebrates a joyful event. What is there in the past which thrills the world with a higher emotion than the story of the fires by which the martyrs were tried ? And was it not by suf fering that we arose to be a great nation ? It was trial and suffering which called forth the noble spirit of our Revolutionary ancestors, and it is this which Wyltwyck Chapter seeks to recall and commemorate on this day." \* The Oneida Chapter, Utica, celebrated Chapter Day at the home of their regent, Mrs. Dr. W. E. Ford, Oaober 9. The celebration was in commemoration of the battle of Oriskany, although August 6 is the date of the anniversary of the battle. The celebration proved a marked success, and the programme presented was exceedingly interesting. The Chapter was honored with the presence of Miss M. I. Forsyth, of Kingston, the Stale regent, and a member of the Wyltwick Chapter, and Mrs. Charles Burhans, ex-vice-president general of the National Society, and member of the National Advisory Board of 1894, and Miss Rawdon, regent at Little Falls. Mrs. Ford had charge of the exercises. Celebrations and Proceedings. 385 Mrs. Thomas R. Proctor read a short historical sketch of the events surrounding the battle of Oriskany and the cause which resulted in the encounter. The State regent, Miss Forsyth, made an address, in which she said that she took a peculiar interest in Oneida Chapter on account of a visit paid her Chapter, the Wyltwyck, by Miss Mary Davidson Miller, of Utica, several years ago. Miss Miller, she said, returned to Utica and soon after Oneida Chapter was formed. Miss Forsyth attributed the interest manifested in the organization of the local chapter to the visit and to interest taken in the Wyltwyck Chapter by Miss Miller. Mrs. Ford then introduced Miss Christian, who gave an interesting paper on Henry Timmerman or Zimmerman, as he was sometimes called, of whom she is a descendant. Henry Timmerman" was a lieutenant-ensign under Gen. Nicholas Herkimer, and Miss Christian related the details of the relief expedition to Fort Stanwix. Lieut. Timmerman lived about three miles below Little Falls. During the battle of Oriskany he was severely wounded by a bullet piercing his body. His companions thought that they would leave him on the field, but he begged so hard that they placed him on the flat boat with Gen. Herkimer and took him to the home of Gen. Her kimer. He remained at that place for six weeks. The body of Lieut. Timmerman lies in the Snell Bush Cemetery, near Little Falls. Mrs. W. Stuart Walcott read a poem, written for the occasion by Mrs. Dr. William H. Watson. Miss Carrie M. Smith read a paper on her ances tors, Col. Nicholas Smith and his uncle, John Bellinger. These men helped Gen. Herkimer to the saddle after he had been wounded. Miss Smith described the situation of affairs at the time of the battle, when all the resi dents of the valley fled to the forts for safety. Col. Nicholas Smith and-his wife were massacred by Indians, while on their way to a fort, on May 10, 1779. This, she said, was characteristic of the times. Mrs. Charlotte A. Pitcher read a description of the battle of Oriskany. "General Nicholas Herkimer" was the subject of a paper by Miss Gertrude Herkimer Coxe, a descendant of Gen. Herkimer's sister, Mrf. Frye. The paper was a valuable sketch of the career of the General. A reception followed, and was participated in by the ladies, their husbands and friends. A collation was served. The occasion was a. very enjoyable one. Oneida Chapter has decided to offer a price of $25 for the public school children in Ucica for the best article on American history. \* The meeting of Tuscarora Chapter, October 12, called forth a large attendance. Arrangements to receive the State regent, Miss Forsyth, of Kingston, were put under way. It is expected that she will visit this city in a few weeks. Miss Forsyth will be given a reception by the members of the Chapter at the home of Mrs. Henry Oliver Ely. A committee, consisting of Mrs. Minnie Matthews, Mrs. William Schultz, Mrs. Mary Thurston Campbell and Miss Augusta Childs, was appointed to prepare by-laws for the Chapter. The National Society has requested that, so far as possible, the various 386 The American Historical Register. chapters be called by some name of local Indian or colonial significance. The name "Tuscarora" (keeper of the council fires) received the most votes at this meeting, and will, doubtless, be the name by which the local chapter will be known. CONNECTICUT. *x* Nine Connecticut chapters sent collections to the Atlanta Expo sition. The result is an array of curios that is wonderful — books, wearing apparel, laces, historic cannon balls, iron lamps, State documents — every thing you can think of, and all bearing that historic charm which is indescribable. Two documents claim special interest. It seemed strange that Connec ticut, and not Georgia possess them. One of these is a copy of the old constitution of the State of Georgia, 1798, certified under the seal of the State, and bearing the name of James Jackson as governor. The other is a certified copy of the act of the Georgia Legislature repealing the Yazoo grant, also under the seal of the State, with the name of James Jackson, governor, who fought that fraud so bravely and successfully. These two documents are the property of Prof. Baldwin, of Yale University. One of the most interesting things in Connecticut's colonial collection is a miniature Connecticut farm made from the famous Charter oak. It is a tiny thing, ingeniously carved, showing the farm-house with its "lean-to," its stock, its fowls, etc., all within a space of less than ten square inches. As one looks at the picture it presents, the story of the tree from whose wood it was made comes back in all its romantic interest. The old tree fell a number of years ago, but its wood is still treasured ; and it is with mingled emotions that one looks upon it in the ingenious form it bears at the Exposition. The Connecticut women's display at the Exposition grounds reflects great credit on the chairman, Mrs. S. T. Kinney, as well as her assistant commissioners, Mrs. D. Ward Anthrop and Mrs. W. S. Chappell. \* The Katherine Gaylord Chapter, of Bristol, entertained a delega tion of regents and other officers of the Order at a picnic lunch at Lake Compounce, September 27, more than half the chapters in the State being represented. In all, ninety sat down to a lunch arranged under the super vision of Mrs. W. E. Sessions, Mrs. Harry Barnes and Mrs. L. G. Merrick, of the committees on Decorations, Tables and Refreshments. Mrs. A. J. Muzzy, regent, presided and introduced the speakers. Those who responded to toasts were Mrs. Holcomb, of Hartford ; Mrs. Clarke, State regent, of Middletown ; Mrs. E. E. Newell, of Bristol ; Mrs. New comb, of New Haven ; Miss Mary Root and Miss Clara Bowman, of Bristol. *** The Mary Clapp Wooster Chapter, New Haven, held its first meet ing, October 8, in the armory of the Second company Governor's Foot Guard. Mrs. Morris F. Tyler, the regent, presided. The total number of the Society is one hundred and seventeen. The reports of the various officers were Celebrations and Proceedings. 387 received, which showed the organization in a very prosperous condition. The following named were elected : Regent, Mrs. M. F. Tyler ; vice-regent, Mrs. L. B. Morris ; registrar, Mrs. C. F. Newcomb ; corresponding secre tary, Mrs. E. H. Jenkins; recording secretaiy, Mrs. H. S. Miller; treasurer, Mrs. W. Beecher ; historian, Mrs. T. W. T. Curtis. The following named were elected as members of the board of managers : Mrs. Galpin, Mrs. Foote, Mrs. Kinney and Mrs. Champion. *** The second annual meeting of the Sarah Riggs Humphrey Chapter was held, October 11, at Mrs. James R. Mason's. NEW JERSEY. *V* The annual meeting of Boudinot Chapter, Elizabeth, was held Oc tober 11, at Mrs. E. G. Putnam's, regent of this Chapter. The house was most tastefully dressed, it being" Columbus Day," the day ordered by the State Regent as the annual meeting of all the chapters of New Jersey. The guests were received by the regent, Mrs. Putnam, and the State regent, Mrs. William Stryker. Mrs. Putnam was in full regalia, wearing about her neck the red watered ribbon denoting her rank, as well as the colors of the Boudinot Chapter, depending from which was the gold and emerald badge of the Daughters of the American Revolution ; below this, again, the beautiful badge of the " Colonial Dames of New Jersey," and still another of the " National Mary Washington Monumental Association," of which she is an hereditary life member. The Regent called the Chapter to order, announcing that owing to the absence at the triennial general convention of their chaplain, the Rev. Otis A. Glazebrook, the Rev. G. W. Farrar would take his place and open the function with prayer. The Secretary's report was read by Mrs. Charles Marsh Pyne. Matters of importance to the Chapter were read by the registrar, Mrs. Montgomery Bond. The balloting for chapter officers for the ensuing year resulted in all those then in office being re-elected : Mrs. E. G. Putnam, regent ; Mrs. B. H. Campbell, vice-regent; Mrs. Charles Marsh Pyne, secretary; Mrs. Otis A. Glazebrook, treasurer; Mrs. Montgomery Bond, registrar; the Rev. Otis A. Glazebrook, chaplain. After a few very agreeable words were spoken to the Chapter by the State regent, Mrs. Stryker, Mrs. Charles A. Thorne, of the Middlebrook Chap ter, at Bound Brook, was introduced, and read a most able paper on the " First American Colonists." Mrs. Thorne related many most interesting facts of our ancestry, of the growth of the several colonies and of their in dustries ; when, at the colony of Jamestown being settled, the people com menced planting mulberry trees, and everybody undertook the growing of silkworms for the manufacture of silk, which cost more than their weight in gold. The last silk gown sent by the loyal Americans was that worn by the Queen of George the III. The silk came from New Jersey. They never knew the worth of other products, and little attention was paid to 388 The American Historical Register. raising cotton or potatoes. The latter were used as a dessert, and it was thought wrong to eat them often. They were not to be eaten every day, for if so a man could not live seven years, while five bushels were counted a large crop for a farmer. She spoke of how the farmers regulated their farming by the position of the sun to the zodiac, and told of the customs of our forefathers. NEW HAMPSHIRE. *** The Derry Chapter met, October 15, with Mrs. E. G. Parsons. It is the purpose of this organization to make a careful study of the history of Derry and Londonderry, and the characteristics of the first settlers. *** The Manchester Chapter met at Mrs. G. B. Chandler's, October 7. The following officers were elected for the next year : Regent, Mrs. David Cross ; vice-regent, Mrs. Arthur E. Clarke ; secretary, Mrs. H. E. Burnham ; registrar, Mrs. Frank Preston ; historian, Mrs. Olive Rand Clarke ; treas urer, Miss Elizabeth Stark ; managers, Mrs. Lucy C. Plummer, Mrs. Joseph R. Weston, Mrs. George Eastman, Mrs. A. T. Thoits, Mrs. Osborne, Mrs. Z. F. Campbell, Mrs. L. B. Bodwell and Miss Nellie Snow. Recently two new members have been added : Mrs. Hall, whose father was in the Revo lution, and Mrs. Robie, a granddaughter of Gen. Stark. There are now sixty-eight members in the local society. TENNESSEE. *#* The Wautaga Chapter held its regular meeting at the home of Mrs. C. C. Huntington, Memphis, September 23. The season's work began with the historical subject of Bemus Heights, Stillwater, or Freeman's Farm, as the engagement of September 19, 1777, is variously styled. Several questions of moment were considered. *** The Cumberland Chapter met at the residence of Mrs. Nat Baxter, Jr., Nashville, October 3, with Mrs. East, the State vice-regent, in the chair, Mrs. Drouillard, the regent, being still in Europe. It opened with song and prayer. There was a good attendance and quite an enthusiastic meeting, five new members being admitted. Mrs. Joseph Acklen was elected historian. Mrs. Dorris, the secretary of the Chapter, gave a patriotic address. Mrs. Annie S. Gilchrist, the poetess of the Chapter, recited her poem, " Put None but Americans on Guard To- Night." Mrs. Dorris read an invitation from the Memphis and Knoxville ladies to the Chapter to attend a reception given by them " Tennessee Day," October 5. It was signed by Mrs. J. Harvey Mathes, of Memphis, and Mrs. Matthew McClung and Mrs. Ballard Lockett, of Knoxville. A most interesting programme was prepared for Tennessee Day at the Atlanta Fair, including a banquet ; all the dainties for which were brought by special train from Knoxville. A large representation came from Nashville, Memphis, Knoxville and Chattanooga. The Tennessee women celebrated the day during the Revolution, upon which the " clans " met at Sycamore, and marched to King's Mountain. Mrs. J. Harvey Mathes, State regent, pre- Celebrations and Proceedings. 389 sided, and among other papers one was read by Miss Mary Desha, of Washington, D. C, on "The Tennessee Woman's Heritage of Patriotism." Sunday was another brilliant day for Memphisians. Rev. N. M. Long, pastor of Strangers' Church, Memphis, preached eloquently to the Daughters of the American Revolution at the First Methodist Church. The church, a very large one, was packed to the doors. Dr. Long's ser mon was brimming over with patriotism. He urged the Daughters of the American Revolution to continue in the good work of instilling patriotism into the minds and hearts of all. Dr. Long is the chaplain of the first chapter, Daughters of the Ameri can Revolution, formed in Tennessee and in Memphis, and it was fitting that he should celebrate with Tennesseeans and the Daughters of the American Revolution the anniversary of the battle of Kings Mountain. *#* The regular monthly meeting of Dolly Madison Chapter was held September 23, at the residence of Mrs. Annie Yates, Memphis. *x* The Campbell Chapter, Nashville, met at the residence of the Re gent, October 9. A paper showing patient research and much originality was read on " Early Times in Sumner County," by Miss Valeria E. Allen, of Gallatin, a granddaughter of Gov. Wm. Trousdale and great-grand daughter of Capt. James Trousdale, who received for military services in the Continental army a large grant of land in that county, a part of it being where the town of Gallatin now stands. GEORGIA. *#* Under the auspices of the Atlanta Chaper, Daughters representing nearly every Chapter in the United States assembled in informal convention at the Fair, October 18 and 19. From a social point of view, the genial and hospitable sisters of the South land left nothing to be desired. A beautiful reception, complimentary to the Daughters, was given on the evening of October 18; two afternoon receptions were also arranged. Speakers for the meeting were arranged as follows : Opening address, morning session, Mrs. John W Foster; " Our History," Miss Eugenia, Washington, Va., alternate, Mrs John R. Putnam, N. Y.; " Committee of One," Dr. Anita N. McGee, D. C alternate, Mrs. M. O. Earle, S. C; "National Hymn," Mrs. Cuthbert H Slocumb, Conn., alternate, Miss Janet Richards, Md.; "Our Magazine,' Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood, D. C, alternate, Mrs. Wm. S. Stryker, N. J. " Patriotism," Mrs. Donald McLean, N. Y., alternate, Mrs. Julius C. Bur rows, Mich. Afternoon Session — Opening address, Mrs. Adlai E. Stevenson, 111., alternate, Mrs. H. Kerfoot, 111. "Colonial Hall," Mrs. Joshua Wilbur, R. I., alternate, Mrs. Wm. F. Slocum, Jr., Col.; " Influence of Patriotic Societies," Mrs. J. Harvey Mathes, Tenn., alternate, Mrs. J. B. Clarke, Tex.; "Children of the American Revolution," Mrs. Daniel Lathrop, Mass., alternate, Mrs. Mary Harrison McKee, 111.; " Our Common Ancestry," Mrs. V. K. Maddox, Col. 3go The American Historical Register. *V* The Augusta Chapter met October 12. The especial object of the meeting was for the Chapter to take action on ihe application for membership of Miss E. H. Baxter, of Sparta. Her papers were read and unanimously accepted. Miss Baxter has as her Revolutionary ances tors Daniel Richardson, lieutenant in the Revolutionary army, and Capt. Andrew Baxter. *#* The result of the annual nominating meeting of Favier Chapter, Rome, October 12, was the placing in nomination of Mrs. Ethel Hillyer Harris and Mrs. Henry Norton for the position of regent for the ensuing year. Both these ladies are prominent in literary and social circles, Mrs. Harris being one of the most accomplished writers in the city and the author of a number of charming stories and poems. Mrs. M. A. Nevin, the retiring regent, has held the enviable position for four years and has been very prominent in patriotic work. She is a granddaughter of Gen. John Sevier, the solider statesman. *** The Atlanta Chapter held a meeting, October 11, in the library of the State Capitol and elected officers for the coming year. Mrs. F. H. Orme, who has been regent for two years, the full time permitted by the by laws of the Atlanta Chapter, retired from office. She made a farewell address to the Society. Mrs. William Dickinson was unanimously elected regent in her place. It is Mrs. Dickinson's third election to the office. She is chairman for the reception to the Daughters and Dames, and has held very prominent positions in connection with colonial work and interests. The other officers elected were: Mrs. Porter King, vice-regent; Mrs. A. V. Gude, registrar ; Miss Aurelia Roach, recording secretary ; Mrs. I. Y. Sage, corresponding secretary, and Mrs. Byers, historian. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. *£* The first meeting of the Dolly Madison Chapter was held, October 8, in the apartments of Dr. Julia Cleves Harrison, Miss Elizabeth Shelden and Miss Grace Temple, the three bachelor girls who have been so pleas antly associated in Washington. Some business was disposed of, and a social session ensued, in which the interchange of happenings, incident to the summer vacation, played the most important part. No programme had been arranged, but music and song gave variety to the evening. \* As the car containing the old Liberty Bell, en route to the Atlanta Fair, October 4, stood in the open street, in Washington city, surrounded by the High School Cadets and the eager crowd of citizens, the representatives of the Continental Chapter mounted the car and presented a beautiful bunch of roses, with a short, pleasing address from the regent, Mrs. M. A. Ball- inger. The Mayor of Philadelphia responded most gracefully, and said he had issued an order permitting the Daughters of the American Revolution in Philadelphia to hold their meetings henceforth in Independence Hall. He Celebrations and Proceedings. 39 1 believed in the progress of women and in the Society of the Daughters, to which Mrs. Ballinger wittily responded : "If there were no ' daughters ' there would be no 'sons.'" Two ladies of the Chapter then tied the flowers on the old bell by white and blue ribbons, the red of the roses forming the tricolor. *#* The Mary Washington Chapter started its season's meetings, October 15, at the Washington Club. There was a large attendance, and, after the business programme, musical and literary exercises were held. Miss Yeatman sang, and Mrs. D. S. Lamb read a historical paper. *** The Young Ladies' Chorus Auxiliary to the Daughters of the Ameri can Revolution, held its first fall meeting and rehearsal, October 15, at 3070 Q street, the home of G. Washington Ball. The rehearsals will be continued at regular intervals. They are under the able management of Miss Yeat man, who will devote herself to their training through the coming season. Much pleasure is anticipated, as well as profit, by the members of this chorus. In the Society it will fill a long-felt want at all social gatherings, both national and local. The committee on management, composed of Miss Fanny Randolph Ball, chairman ; Miss Edna Doe, from the Mary Washington Chapter ; Miss Middleton, from the Army and Navy, and Miss Stakely, of the Columbia Chapter, with Miss Yeatman, have labored faithfully during the past summer, and now view with satisfaction the success that is about to crown their efforts. *** A large party of Daughters engaged a special train for October 15, for the Atlanta Exposition. All Daughters and their friends desiring to take advantage of this train applied to the Daughters of the American Revolution headquarters, room 52, 902 F street, or to Mrs. Mary S. Lockwood. ILLINOIS. \* The Rockford Chapter met September 17, at the residence of Mrs. Ralph Emerson. It was the anniversary of the adoption of the United States Constitution and additionally the ladies celebrated the great naval victory of John Paul Jones which occurred on September 23. The meeting was in charge of Mrs. Byron Graham. Mrs. Luther Derwent told of the life of Alexander Hamilton, and Mrs. C. E. Herrick of the adoption of the constitution by the States. Mrs. Theron Pierpont gave a brief sketch of the lives of Gerry, of Massachusetts, and Randolph and Mason, of Virginia, who refused to sign the document. A vivid description of Paul Jones' naval victory, written by Mrs. W. F. Barnes, was read by Mrs. Root. *** The Chicago Chapter held its annual election October 9. Mrs. John N. Jewett, regent of the Chapter for the last two years, presided. Since Mrs. Jewett's leadership began the organization has risen from a debt of $200 to a present surplus in the treasury of the same amount, in addition to substantial aid-giving to the Key Monument and to the Harrison Portrait Fund. The ballots resulted in the election of the official ticket, with 392 The American Historical Register. the exception of Mrs. Sylvanus Trippe as a director, who will be absent from the city this winter, and Mrs. Adlai T. Ewing was nominated to fill the vacancy. The new officers are : Regent, Mrs. Penoyer L. Sherman ; vice-regent, Mrs. James H. Walker ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Freder ick Dickenson; recording secretary, Mrs. Frederick W. Becker; registrar, Mrs. Frederick A. Smith ; treasurer, Mrs. J. C. Bundy ; directors, Mesdames Ephraim A. Otis, S. H. Crane, M. S. Bradley, Thomas S. McClelland, Adlai T. Ewing. The new board of officers met at the Wellington, Chicago, October 15, and made preliminary arrangements for the winter's programme. Among the leading features is to be a reception to the State regents of the Society in November. During the winter, papers will be read by Mrs. James Otis on "Washington Portraits and Engravings;'' Mrs. Frederick Smith on "Modern Republics," and Mrs. Pajeau on "The Puritans in Holland and America." VIRGINIA. *,;* The regular monthly meeting of the Beverley Manor Chapter, of Staunton, took place at the residence of James R. Taylor, Saturday even ing, October 5. The course of parlor lectures will be resumed. The subject of study for the next meeting will be "Scientific Men of the Eighteenth Century." OHIO. *#* The Cincinnati Chapter met, October 7, in Liberty Hall, to con sider nominations previous to the election of officers to be held the first Monday in November. Mrs. H. B. Morehead, the regent, was in the chair. Miss Clara Chipman Newton acted as secretary. A number of the prominent members were present. It was decided that the last Monday in each month be given to the enlargement of the work in the city, by holding an informal afternoon reception. Accordingly, the first of these socials was announced for October 28, at Mrs. Frank Wilson's home, Mount Auburn. *#* The Indianapolis Chapter celebrated the second battle of Bemus Heights, October 7, with a meeting held at the residence of Mrs. James R. Carnahan, at Woodruff place. Mrs. Bement Lyman read a paper relating to the history of the battle, which was discussed by the members of the Organization. The annual election resulted in the following choice : Regent, Mrs. Frances Tuttle Sayles ; vice-regent, Miss Catherine Merrill ; recording and corresponding secretary, Mrs. Sue E. Hatch Perkins ; regis trar, Mrs. Edward Dean ; historian, Mrs. Fannie Wilder Winchester. MAINE. *** The annual meeting of the Elizabeth Wadsworth Chapter was held, October 12, at the Union Safe Deposit and Trust Company, Portland. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: Regent, Mrs. J. E. Palmer ; vice-regents, Mrs. S. E. Legrew, Mrs. Warren King ; secretary, Celebrations and Proceedings. 393 Miss Crie ; treasurer, Mrs. W. R. Webb ; auditor, Mrs. A. M. Tenney ; board of commissioners, Mrs. G. O. Bailey, Mrs. Frank Robinson, Mrs. Annie McL. Home, Miss Julia W. Soule, Mrs. E. P. Wilson ; registrar, Mrs. Marquis F. King ; historian, Mrs. Abbie L. McDonald. KENTUCKY. \* The John Marshall Chapter, Louisville, met, October 4, for the purpose of electing new officers for the ensuing year. Mrs. E. P. Weiss- inger was the hostess, and the meeting was held at Mme. Pargny's, on Fourth avenue. Mrs. Will L. Lyons, the regent, was not a candidate for re-election. Mrs. E. N. Maxwell was elected to fill this office. *#* The Lexington Chapter met, October 4, to determine upon the monument to be erected at Bryan Station. Mr. Royster was invited to be present, and bring with him the old church records, over a hundred years old, in all of which Bryan Station is spelled without a t. TEXAS. *#* The San Antonio Chapter gave a public supper, October 15, to raise funds. Mrs. Russell Norton and Mrs. John J. Stevens and a corps of young ladies were in charge. MINNESOTA. %* A preliminary meeting of the Minneapolis Chapter was held, October 15, at Mrs. Bartley's, on Park avenue, and nominations were made. The annual meeting will be held at the residence of Mrs. E. S. Williams, 13 1 5 Clinton avenue, Minneapolis. *#* The Colonial Chapter, Minneapolis, gave a tea for the visiting Daughters and Colonial Dames, October 8, at the home of Mrs. George Christian. Receiving with Mrs. Christian were Mrs. Newport, State regent, of Minnesota; Mrs. John Quincy Adams, a national vice-president; Mrs. H. P. Nichols, regent of Colonial Chapter ; Mrs. John Washburn, Mrs. James T. Morris and Mrs. Charles T. Thompson, officers ; Mrs. Louis K. Hull and Mrs. Charles McReeve. After the singing of "America," Miss Adams was introduced by Mrs. Nichols and delivered an address of wel- . come, which was enthusiastically received. MASSACHUSETTS. *#* In the Old South Meeting House, Boston, which was appropriately decorated with the national colors, the first State convention of the Daugh ters was opened September 25. Miss Rebecca Warren Brown, honorary- State regent, presided, and Mrs. Charles M. Green, State regent, made the opening address, giving an outline of the State organization, which now numbers sixteen chapters and 685 members. Miss Brown, in her historical address, said it seemed particularly fitting that the meeting should be held at this date, which is the anniversary of the day, in 1794, Washington issued a proclamation that made a turning point in the nation s history. Miss Brown referred to the criticism of the Society, and said that there is no attempt at class distinction, its aim being to perpetuate and reverence the 394 The American Historical Register. memory of patriots. Mrs. T. M. Brown, regent of Mercy Warren Chapter, of Springfield, followed with a few remarks concerning the Society, and Mrs. James Robbins, regent of the Old Colony Chapter, said that in these later days, when so much is said of " the new woman," this organization is proud to honor the memories and emulate the example of "the old woman." Mrs. Richard Jackson Barker, historian of Gaspee Chapter, Providence, R. I., and Miss v. aroline Tichnor, of Warren and Prescott Chapter, also addressed the meeting. There were twenty-four women at the informal luncheon at the Parker House at one o'clock. The resignation of Mrs. Green as State regent was regretfully accepted. Miss Marion Howard Brazier gave an interesting account of her recent visit to Lafayette's grave in Picpus Cemetery, Paris. Mrs. Daniel Lothrop, regent of the Old Concord Chapter, called the afternoon session to order. Winslow Warren, president of the Massachu setts Society of Cincinnati, was the first speaker. He brought cordial greeting from that organization, which, he said, was small and seemingly feeble com pared with the Daughters of the American Revolution. He referred to the invaluable patriotism of Martha Washington, Molly Stark and Mercy Warren, and said that the Society formed to follow their example and teach a righteous Americanism gives an element of stability to the govern ment. In a most amusing paper Mrs. Anna Von Rydingsvard, regent of the Boston Tea Party Chapter, told of the evolution of chorus-music in New England, and a company from the Cecelia Club sang several old-time hymns. E. S. Barrett, Massachusetts State president of the Sons of the Ameri can Revolution, and Col. H. A. Thomas, representing Gov. Greenhalge, -spoke in a patriotic vein. Several appropriate musical numbers were giving during the afternoon. The programme closed with an address, by Rev. Samuel F. Smith, D. D., the author of " America," who was greeted enthusiastically. RHODE ISLAND. *£* The exemplars of old Rhode Island history — social, civil, military and ecclesiastical — that make up the creditable exhibit, were gathered for the Atlanta Fair by the women who compose the State Committee on Colonial Exhibit — Miss Mary A. Greene, Mrs. William R. Talbot, Miss Charlotte Dailey, commissioners appointed by Gov. Brown, and the Auxiliary Committee — Miss Amelia S. Knight, Mrs. Richard J. Barker, Miss Elizabeth B. Dexter, Miss Susan Miner, appointed by the Exposition's Board of Women Managers. The collection is a very comprehensive one, and its methodic arrangement in sections — relics of Roger Williams, of Maj .-Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen dence, of George Washington, of Lafayette, colonial and Revolutionary relics and those illustrative of Rhode Island history — is deemed at Atlanta the most satisfactory of all the colonial exhibits. Among the Roger Wil liams mementos are a fac-simile of the original order of his banishment; Celebrations and Proceedings. 395 an old print of him w -ith fac-simile of his autograph ; a " Key to the Indian Language," prepared by him, and photographs of his house at Salem, and the church there where he preached, both built in 1631. Relics of Gen. Nathaniel Greene have an especial value to the Southern visitors at the Exposition, and among the ten sent are included his own and his wife's portraits, and articles of family use, and of his own use in camp. Amongst articles recalling the signers of the Declaration are the Stephen Hopkins inkstand, said to have been used by all the signers when they subscribed the great document ; silver cup, porringer and teapot, owned by Stephen and Sarah Hopkins, marked in quaint fashion ; William Ellery' s spectacles, in shagreen case, and copy of the laws of Rhode Island in 1767, Stephen Hopkins, governor, with colonial seal of the State, and attestation of Henry Ward, secretary. The iron candlestick, that held the successive candles by the light of which Washington wrote throughout his camp life, is loaned by the Gaspee Chapter ; and one of Martha Washington's plates, and a Stuart portrait of Washington, differing materially from other known portraits, and purchased at a sale of the painter's daughter, Miss Jane Stuart's effects, in Newport, after her death, are among the Washington relics. A sword, presented by Lafayette to Gen. Daniel Lyman in 1780, at Newport, is a very tangible Lafayette relic. In the long and varied list of colonial and Revolutionary remains are a collection of pewter and a spoon mold ; infant's corset put upon Nicholas Sheldon at birth, about 1740 ; old Bible over 200 years old, issued, by sub scription of the royalty of England, three coats-of-arms being on every illustration ; a solid silver pitcher, made by Paul Revere and bearing his stamp ; stick-hael slippers, worn by Sarah, wife of Col. Olney, of the Rhode Island Brigade, and daughter of Gov. Nicholas Cooke, when she danced a minuet with Count Rochambeau ; a bit of silk petticoat stuffed with wool and hand-quilted, whose whole once warmed and comforted Elizabeth, daughter of Chief Justice Philip Greene, of Kent county. In her young maiden days Benjamin Franklin visited her father in his home and fell an undesired victim to Miss Betty's charms. She flouted, ridiculed him, and was therefore taken to task by her father, and charged not again to treat so distinguished a man with flippancy. So the philosopher's forth coming invitation to drive with him to Providence had to be accepted ; but, on her return from the expedition, she vowed to her father that it was the last ride she would take " with that old fool anywhere." Amongst the most interesting of the articles illustrative of the history of Rhode Island are a photograph of the MS. of the compact of Provi dence of 1637, wherein the signers bind themselves " only in civil things;" a photograph of the Royal charter of Charles II., 1663, making Rhode Island an absolute sovereignty, guaranteeing religious freedom, and requir ing no oath of allegiance — this remaining the fundamental law of Rhode Island until the adoption, in 1842, of her present constitution ; two photo graphs of the room iii which the plot to destroy the British revenue vessel 396 The American Historical Register. Gaspee was concocted on the night of June 9-10, 1772 — the first overt act of defiance to Great Britain ; and an attested copy of the *' Proceedings of the General Assembly of Rhode Island, May Session, 1776," containing the famous act repealing the act of allegiance to His Majesty, whereby Rhode Island, on May 4, 1 776, declared her independence as a sovereign State, and ordered all writs, etc., to issue in the name of the colony alone. Altogether, the exhibit is one that Rhode Islanders may well be satis fied with, and which would teach many of them" some points of their State' s history, with which they are unacquainted. *** The Gaspee Chapter held its fourth annual meeting in the rooms of the Rhode Island Historical Society, October 11. Mrs. Robert H. I. Goddard, the regent, is in Europe, and so Miss Amelia S. Knight, vice- president general of the National society for Rhode Island, was chairman pro tem. The roll was called, and the minutes of the last meeting were read by the secretary, Miss Anne W. Stockbridge. The annual report of the Secretary followed, and Miss Julia Lippitt Mauran, the treasurer, pre sented her annual report, after which Mrs. Richard Jackson Barker read her report as historian. The nominating committee rendered its repprt, which was accepted, and the Secretary was requested to cast the ballot for the entire list as presented by the committee, which was as follows : Regent, Mrs. William Grosvenor; vice-regent, Miss Susan Miner; secretary, Miss Annie W. Stockbridge ; treasurer, Miss Julia Lippitt Mauran ; registrar, Miss Harriet Talbot; historian, Mrs. Richard Jackson Barker; executive committee, first class, Miss Sarah E. Doyle, Mrs. Theodore Clark, Mrs. Albert Hark- ness; second class, Mrs. Robert H. I. Goddard, Miss Sally Vose, Mrs. William B. Weeden ; programme committee, Mrs. Richard Jackson Barker, Mrs. William E. Foster, Mrs. Albert G. Durfee ; nominating committee, Miss Amelia S. Knight, Mrs. F. E. Richmond, Mrs. Elisha Howard ; dele gates to Washington, Mrs. Richard Jackson Barker, Mrs. Maxwell Greene, Mrs. William R. Talbot, Mrs. Albert G. Durfee ; alternates, Mrs. Edward Clark, Miss Mary B. Anthony, Miss Mary Cornelia Talbot, Miss Annie Cushing ; auditor, Halsey De Wolf. Mrs. Barker presented the report of the committee on the revision of the by-laws, and Miss Doyle moved that the report be accepted with an, amendment, which was adopted, and the chair appointed Mrs. Barker, Miss Vose and Miss Anthony a committee on the printing of the by-laws. The matter of the Gaspee chapter, prize of $40, to be paid annually to the member of the graduating class of the Women's college connected with Brown University having the best essay on some subject in American history, was presented by Miss Knight, and the Chapter ratified the action of the executive committee and appointed the State regent, Gaspee Chapter regent,. and Miss Sarah E. Doyle, chairman of the Woman's College Fund Com-. mittee, to confer with the dean of the Woman's College and the head of the department of history at Brown University. Miss Knight reported on the Mary Washington badge and the Gaspee membership of the Association, Celebrations and Proceedings. 397 and Miss Knight presented a communication from the Dolly Madison Chapter. It was voted that the next annual meeting be held November 2, 1896, instead of October 11, as heretofore. The meeting then adjourned. VERMONT. *#* The Green Mountain Chapter has recently erected a bronze tablet on the farm which was the last home of the Vermont patriot, Ethan Allen. The farm is the one north of Burlington, originally the property of Ira Allen, later owned by Gov. Van Ness, and now the property of Col. Horace J. Brooks. The tablet is placed upon the face of a massive boulder some fifteen feet high, which crops out of the hillside, near the roadway, and near the foot of the high bluff known as "Prospect Rock," which rises from the comparatively level ground around, and was according to tradition an outlook from which the Americans watched for the coming of the British gunboats, in the War of 18 12. The tablet bears the following inscription : This Farm Became the Home of Gen. Ethan Allen, A. D., 1798. And Near This Spot He Died, February 12, 1798. Erected by Green Mountain Chapter of * Daughters of the American Revolution A. D., 1895. ^ Upon the invitation of the officers of the Chapter, the Daughters and members of the Vermont Society of Sons of the American Revolution residing in Burlington assembled in front of the tablet. This was draped with the stars and stripes and veiled by a smaller American flag. Miss Mary E. Arthur, regent of Green Mountain Chapter, called the gathering to order. The proceedings commenced with prayer by Rev. J. I. Bliss. Miss Arthur then spoke as follows : My friends : It was yesterday suggested to me that we ought upon this occasion to give our authority, or evidence for believing this to be the farm where Gen. Ethan Allen once lived. From the old time records we find that the town of Burlington was chartered in 1763. It is recorded in this city clerk's office, under date of 1798, that Ira Allen, a brother of Ethan Allen, was one of the original proprietors of this farm ; and subsequently the heirs of Gen. Ethan Allen executed a deed of their interest in this farm to others. Also in the Vermont Gazetteer in an article written by the Rev. Zadoc Thompson, it is plainly stated that, when Gen. Allen came to Burlington, he occupied the farm north of the village, known as the Van Ness place. So we have met here to day to add one more tribute to the memory of Vermont's great hero ; and also for the purpose of acknowledging by this simple ceremony a little work accomplished by this society. I think we Daughters of Green Mountain Chapter must all admit that we have had many a trial in accomplishing- tl^is, seemingly, small undertaking. But our conso lation may be that'if "Gen. 'Ethan Alien struggled for the cause of liberty, we have followed in his footsteps in our effort to do him honor! The tablet was then unveiled by past-regents of Green Mountain 398 The American Historical Register. Chapter, Mrs. T. S. Peck and Mrs. B. B. Smalley, which function was followed by addresses by Col. Benedict and Gov. Woodbury. »In behalf of the Sons of the American Revolution, Robert Roberts complimented the Green Mountain Chapter for the good taste and judg ment shown in the erection of this tablet. Gen. T. S. Peck, as president of the Society of Colonial Wars, in Ver mont, spoke briefly, telling the Daughters that they were building better than they knew, and alluding to the fact that the British guns taken by Ethan Allen at Ticonderoga aided in driving the British army from Boston. Upon the invitation of Mrs. and Miss Arthur the company repaired to the Arthur homestead nearby, where a collation was served, and a pleasant exchange of greetings brought the occasion to a close. Among the guests present was Mrs. Jesse Burdette, of Rutland, State regent of the Vermont Society, who is a collateral descendant from Mary Brownson.the first wife of Ethan Allen. Society Daughters of the Revolution : NEW YORK. *#* The Brooklyn Eagle, October 4, says : After all expenses attending the Maryland celebration have been paid, there will still remain a balance of several hundred dollars, and the question has arisen as to the proper disposition of the money. Mr. Low and several other members of the Long Island Historical Society are of the opinion that it should be contributed to the efforts being made by the Daughters of the Revolution to build a monument of the martyrs of the prison ships, but there are those who do not agree with them. Mr. i William Berri, for example, takes the ground that inasmuch as ' the money was contributed for a specific purpose it should all be used in line with that purpose. He thinks that some suitable marking with shaft or tablet should be made either of the line of battle on which the Marylanders fell or of the place where they were buried, even though it be necessary to raise a little more money in order to do the work in an appropriate manner. It seems to the Eagle that Mr. Berri's suggestion ought to be accepted, especially as there is nothing now to indicate the spot where the sons of Maryland gave up their lives in the cause of freedom , and especially also as it is hardly proper that money given for a specific purpose should be diverted to another. **.* The General Society will celebrate November 25, the one hundred and twelfth anniversary of the Evacuation of New York by the British, by holding a reception at the Hotel Waldorf, New York City, on the afternoon of that day, from four to seven o'clock. *** The General Society will meet at the Hotel Waldorf, New York City, on the afternoon of November 26, at two .o'clock, for a preliminary discussion of all business to be voted upon at the annual meeting. Mrs. E. Pi Steers, president-general, will receive the officers of the General Society, with the Executive Committee and the State and Chapter regents and record ing secretaries, at her residence on Fifth avenue, New York City, for a con ference on the business of the Society, at 10.30 o'clock, same day. Celebrations and Proceedings. 399 MASSACHUSETTS. *a* The North Bridge Chapter met recently to discuss some interest ing and important suggestions for the season' s work. *#* A chapter of the Daughters of the Revolution is being started in Ipswich. Miss Hattie Todd is regent of the new Topsfield Chapter. *** Squantum Head, Mass., was the centre of attraction to a large number of people September 29. Two hundred and seventy-four years ago Captain Myles Standish landed on the mainland of Massachusetts bay at this point, and, in commemoration of the event it was planned to raise a cairn on the hill, composed of stones from the neighboring beach. The exercises in connection with this observance were taken part in by the Daughters of the Revolution, of Massachusetts, the Society of Colonial Wars, the Quincy Historical Society, and the Bostoniana Club. Each member pres ent was to take a stone and add it to the pile until the cairn was complete. The day was an ideal one for such an outdoor ceremony. On the crest of the height the foundation of the cairn had already been laid, and the work men stood ready to complete it as soon as the stones from the piles near by were placed on it by the patriotic visitors. A slab of polished Quincy granite, in which had been cut the following incription, Captain Myles Standish, with his men, guided by the Indian Squanto, landed here September 30, 1621. This memorial is erected by the Daughters of the Revolution, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Quincy Historical and Bostoniana Societies, September 30, 1895 was afterward set in the face of the cairn. In the centre of the foundation of the cairn a brick receptacle had been built for the metal box containing interesting documents of the Quincy Historical Society, a picture of its president, Charles Francis Adams, a map of Quincy, copies of various publications of old Braintree, and a number of documents of the Daughters of the Revolution, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It was one o'clock when the exercises were begun in a sunny hollow, the two hundred people present gathered in a circle about the master of ceremonies, Nelson B. Titus. After a prayer by Rev. E. C. Butler, of Quincy, Mr. Titus introduced Charles Francis Adams as the speaker of the day. In an extremely informal manner, Mr. Adams detailed the history of the interesting occasion and told the story of the landing in all its details, and paid a high tribute to Squanto, who subsequently saved the Pilgrims from starvation. Mrs. William Lee, the State regent of the Daughters of the Revolution, was introduced and spoke of the part that women had played in the early days of the colony. After the addresses the audience returned to the sum mit of the hill, and the corner-stone of the cairn was laid by Mrs. Lee and Mr. Adams. The trowel used for this purpose was decorated with a red, white and blue ribbon. 400 The American Historical Register. Squantum Head is situated in the property owned by Mrs. L. V. Titus, and her interest and enthusiasm in bringing about this interesting com memoration of an important historic event was, much praised by Mr. Adams and many others present. After the regular exercises, the representatives of the historical societies present were treated to a feast of clams and hot coffee provided by the foresight of Mrs. Titus. *»* The State society received and accepted a cordial invitation from its North Bridge Chapter in Salem to celebrate with them, October 19, " the surrender of the British at Yorktown." The North Bridge Chapter received their guests at the Essex institute. The party then went to Juniper Point, where they were invited to luncheon by Miss Hunt, who entertained at the residence of her sister, Mrs. A. C. Goodell, Jr. The guests returned to Salem, where, at Academy Hall, the meeting was held. NEW JERSEY. *£* The Society shows already that its increased numbers have brought vigor and determination to act. A quarterly meeting of the Society will be held October 17 at Mrs. C.B. Yardley's, East Orange. *#* The East Orange Chapter will hold a meeting October 15, at the house of the regent, Mrs. G. C. Thomas, East Orange, to consider certain changes in the constitution and by-laws of the General Society and to transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting. Society Children of the American Revolution : district of columbia. *** The first regular meeting of the season of the Society was held Octo ber 17. Mrs. Joseph C. Breckinridge presided, and the meeting was opened with prayer by Rev. Thomas S. Childs, the chaplain of the District Sons of the American Revolution, after which all united in singing " America. ' ' Miss Elsie Pierce, the registrar of the Society, reported the number of members already enrolled. The recording secretary Miss Breckinridge, reported upon her work already done. Master Scott Breckinridge, the treasurer, read his report. An essay on Fort Ticonderoga was read by Miss Lucy H. Breckinridge. Thomas Dunn English's poem, "Old Glory," was recited by Master Walter Paschall. An article on Bourgoyne's sur render and his plan of campaign was read by Miss Fairly. The Association of the Daughters of 1776-1812 called a meeting, October 8, at No. 5341 St. Charles avenue, New Orleans. The Society is now considering a project to remove from the immediate vicinity of the Jackson monument at Chalmette the hut now there. It wishes to make it into a porter's lodge. About $100 will be required for the purpose, and, as the Society needs its funds for other work at the monument park, it is hoped that the amount will be donated. Celebrations and Proceedings. 401 The Military Order of the Loyal Legion : WISCONSIN commandery. \* Seventy members of the Commandery attended the first of the season's series of meetings and banquets, October 2, at the Legion rooms in the Acad emy building, Milwaukee. Senior Vice-Com mander Frank Anson presided at the banquet. Maj. William Ruger, of Janesville, read a paper on "Soldiers as Citizens." The subject of " Chickamauga " was introduced by Capt. E. P. Parsons, one of the Wisconsin Chickamauga commission. He said that the battle of Chicka mauga was one of the bloodiest battles of ancient or modern times, in proportion to the number of troops engaged. The Union forces lost 16,000 men, and the Confederates 17,000, he said. One in every six of the troops engaged on the Union side was killed, and one in every three was wounded. Regarding the park, he said that the Government had put up 300 large historical memorial tablets and 300 smaller tablets. Gen. Fairchild, who made an address at Chickamauga, was called on for informal remarks on the dedication exercises. At the business meeting a memorial of the late Maj. Charles Ottilie was presented by Col. B. F. Bryant, of La Crosse; of Maj. Henry Palmer, by Surgeon Joseph B. Whiting, of Janesville, and of Capt. J. P. Bonesteel, by Lieut. George H. Chase, of Milwaukee. OHIO commandery. *#* The Commandery held its first meeting since the summer adjourn ment, at its rooms on Fourth street, Cincinnati, October 2. Considerable surprise was occasioned by the absence of Gen. Jacob D. Cox, ex-governor of Ohio, who is commander of the body. It was the first meeting since the organization of the Commandery, shortly after the war, at which Gen. Cox was not present, and he was greatly missed. Gen. Hickenlooper presided in the absence of the Commander. Following the business session of the Commandery, William M. Wherry, colonel 2d Infantry, U. S. Army, read a paper which he had pre pared on the battle of Prairie Grove. This battle was one of the most important engagements of the war, and was fought in Arkansas, December 7, 1862. Col. Wherry brought out some entirely new and interesting points. Refreshments were served, and over the coffee and cigars distinguished members spoke entertainingly. Among those who spoke were C. H. Gros- venor and several other equally well-known men. The meeting was some what informal, and the more enjoyable on that account. As many of the companions recently had a feast of good things in the Grand Army of the Republic meeting at Louisville, the Army of the Tennessee meeting in Cin7 cinnati, and the Chickamauga battlefield dedication, this meeting afforded them an opportunity to review together their experiences. 402 The American Historical Register. PENNSYLVANIA COMMANDERY. *M.* The local association in Reading met September 26. At the busi ness meeting, Lewis Crater was elected president ; John H. Rhoads, recorder and treasurer, and Dr. W. Murray Weidman, P. R. Stetson and Levi Quier, committee on membership. A banquet followed. NEW YORK COMMANDERY. \* The Board of Officers appointed to investigate charges against William S. Andrews, formerly Commissioner of Street Cleaning, reported at the meeting of the Loyal Legion, held at Delmonico's, New York City, October 2, that they had found Mr. Andrews guilty of three charges out of the four. The first charge was based on testimony given before the Lexow Com mittee, that while chief inspector of the Board of Excise he had received a $500 bribe. The second charge accused Mr. Andrews of retaining pension money. The third charge was in relation to $1000 which, it was claimed, Mr. Andrews paid to ex-Senator George W. Plunkitt. The fourth charge grew out of a letter written, it was said, by a civil justice, in relation to the general charges against Mr. Andrews. The first three charges were sustained. The last one was dismissed. Mr. Andrews has denied all these charges. The report of the Board of Officers was read by Lieut.-Com. James Parker, . its counsel, who afterward made a motion that Mr. Andrews should be expelled from the Loyal Legion. Mr. Andrews was present at the meeting, and asked that action on the report be postponed until the next meeting, in order that he might have time to prepare briefs stating his side of the case and to send copies to each member of the Commandery. He said he felt sure if this was done he could make it plain there was no ground for expelling him. He spoke earnestly for a delay, and said that if he should be expelled he would consider it a disgrace that would follow him through life. A motion was then made that the matter be laid over until the next meeting, which will be held the first Wednesday in December. Gen. Horace Porter, the chairman, ruled that all debate on the merits of the case was out of order, but that reasons for deferring judgment were debatable. Lieut.-Com. Parker opposed postponement. He said nothing could be gained by delay, as everything pertaining to the case had been before the Board of Investigation. The Board had been in session in relation to the case, he said, seventeen days, and the evidence filled 1 700 folios. There was a spirited debate before the question was put to vote. The decision was two to one for postponement. A dinner followed the business meeting. Gen. Horace Porter presided. Among those present were Rear-Admiral Erben, Gen. Wager Swayne, Gen. S. M. Dodge, Gen. Nelson A. Miles, Capt. Philo N. McGiffin, late of the Chinese navy, and Gen. Horatio C. King. The paper of the evening was read by Col. Church, of The Army and Celebrations and Proceedings. 403 Navy Joitrnal, on the ' ' Capture of Port Royal by a Fleet under Como. Du Pont, October, 1861." The members of the New York Commandery present at the meeting were saddened by the announcement made by Col. William Ludlow, Maj. Engrs., that Orlando Metcalfe Poe, a distinguished officer of his corps, had died that morning in Detroit. As the Commander for many years of the Detroit Commandery, Gen. Poe had a warm place in the hearts of his companions of the Order. To the army he has devoted the best energies and efforts of a well-spent life. The two following letters concerning the charges against Mr. Andrews have appeared in public print : To the Editor of " The Press," New York City : Sir : — I ask to be accorded space in your columns to make public my absolute and unqualified denial of the charges made against me and referred to in the report in your paper to-day of the meeting of the Loyal Legion on Tuesday. The proceedings of that meeting were not public, and I am not authorized to make them so ; but, as reports of it, not wholly accurate, have been published, I am justified in asking a suspension of public opinion. I demanded the investigation because the charges were and are false. The adverse report was a surprise, and I cannot rest under its injustice. I do not impugn or criti cise the gentlemen who made it, but their finding is not in accordance with the facts as I know and expect to show them. The matter is still before the Loyal Legion, and it is not proper for me'to do or say anything further until their final action has been taken. New York, October 3. William S. Andrews. To the Editor of " The Tribune" New York : Sir : — Ex-Excise Commissioner W. S. Andrews has undertaken, in a way peculiar to himself, to excite the sympathy of the people in his behalf. When he says, in connection with the meeting of the New York Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion on Wednesday evening, when the report of the Board and its recom mendation for expulsion was made, that " the proceedings of that meeting were not public, and I am not authorized to make them so," he makes a statement which those present cannot reconcile with the facts. The regular meetings of the Loyal Legion have always been public, and there is no such requirement as a pass-word, a grip or other identification that one is a companion of the Order to entitle him to be present at the proceedings. The doors of the meeting-room were opened and no one was excluded from the meeting, unless he happened to be smoking or was one of the waiters. Mr. Andrews would better have informed himself of this fact before making the misstatement that he does. When he adds that " reports of it, not wholly accurate, have been pub lished," he must know that such a charge cannot be made against the report published in The Tribune yesterday. He also knows, from all that was said by those who advo cated granting his petition to defer action until the December meeting, that not one syllable was expressed in doubt of. the. justice of the report of the Board in his case, but they merely asked that the opportunity be given to him to present the best defense he could make. Mr. Andrews pleaded to have a brief of the entire proceedings prepared and printed and sent to every member of the Commandery, and this was granted to him. There is not the slightest political or personal prejudice against Mr, Andrews in this: matter; but the companions feel that the Order should be purged of whatever may exist reflecting upon the honor of the Organization. October 4, 1895. A Companion. 404 The American Historical Register. MICHIGAN COMMANDERY. *#* At the regular meeting, held October 3, it was decided to meet at headquarters, corner Congress and Shelby streets, Detroit, October 5, at 2.30, to attend the funeral of Gen. O. M. Poe. A committee, consisting of Gen. L. S. Trowbridge, Gen. R. A. Alger and Gen. H. R. Mizner, was appointed to draft resolutions on the death of Gen. Poe, to be presented at the next regular meeting. WASHINGTON COMMANDERY. \* At the last meeting of the Commandery it was ordered that the future meetings shall be held alternately at Seattle and Tacoma. Hereto fore the meetings have been held at Tacoma exclusively. The Command ery holds five stated meetings each year, on the third Wednesday each of January, March, May, September and November. The next meeting will be held in Seattle, November 20, and thereafter, under the new order, alternately at Tacoma and Seattle. MINNESOTA COMMANDERY. *#* The Commandery held the first of its regular monthly meetings for the fall and winter, on October 8, at the Ryan Hotel, St. Paul. At seven o'clock an informal reception was tendered Brig.-Gen. John R. Brooke, in the hotel parlors. Incidentally the reception was also to Mrs. Custer, widow of the brilliant Gen. Custer, who happened to be in St. Paul, and who was induced to remain for the dinner, sitting on the right of Capt. Castle, who was master of ceremonies. On the left of the Captain sat ex-Gov. Alexander Ramsey. So large was the attendance that the ordinary of the hotel was crowded to its capacity. Through the courtesy of Col. J. H. Paige, the 3d Infantry band furnished music for the occasion. Supper was served, and at its conclusion Capt. William H. Harries, collector of internal revenue, who served in the 3d U. S. Veteran Volunteers, read a paper on "The Iron Brigade in the First Day's Battle at Gettysburg.' The veteran sur vivors of Gettysburg were asked to stand and be counted. Twenty-six rose. Capt. Castle introduced Gen. Brooke, remarking that St. Paul has always been fortunate in having as commander of the Dakota a soldier who had made a record in the Civil War. Gen. Brooke responded happily. Senator Thurston, of Nebraska, followed with a short, stirring address. In the introductory remarks Senator Thurston referred sarcastically to there- cent obituary notices of himself that have appeared in several newspapers. He paid an eloquent tribute to the achievements of Gen. Brooke. Senator Thurston dwelt upon the importance of teaching patriotism to the rising generation. Said he : I believe that the future of our country depends upon teaching to our children the true history of our country. Bishop Boyd Vincent, of Ohio, was called upon by Commander Castle. Bishop Vincent said that he regretted that his right to stand with the com- Celebrations and Proceedings. 405 panions of the Loyal Legion was only that of inheritance. His brother had been killed at Gettysburg. The bishop eloquently eulogized the patriotic spirit that pervaded the assembly, and paid a warm tribute to the men who had laid down their lives for their country. As soon as Bishop Vincent sat down, a gray-haired companion, Capt. William R. Bourne, formerly a resident of this city, but now living in Wis consin, arose and asked the Bishop if a certain Sergeant Vincent of an Ohio regiment was his brother. Bishop Vincent said that he was. "Well, then, I knew him," rejourned Capt. Bourne. "I was with him at Gettysburg, and spoke with him shortly before he was killed, for a few minutes after he left me I saw him carried to the rear dead. After wards I met your father at Gettysburg when President Lincoln spoke, and I pointed out to him the spot where his son fell." The two men clasped hands in the big room, and the scene was a touching one, and affected all present. Mgr. Nugent, a distinguished visitor from Liverpool, Eng. , made some happily-framed remarks. It was a scene like that, he said, which taught him how much of loyalty and unity there were in the United States. Rev. Dr. McVicker, of Philadelphia, and Gen. Griffin, ex-commander of the Massachusetts, and Rev. Dr. Robert J. Nevins, delivered short addresses. The final speech of the evening was that of Archbishop Ireland. The archbishop's address teemed with patriotism. " I was not exactly a fight ing soldier," said the Archbishop, " but I might be said to have been there. I was chaplain of the 5th regiment of our Infantry. I bade the boys fight, and I told them if they did not make it hot for the enemy in this world it would be made hot for them in the next ! [Laughter and applause.] " It is a pleasure for me," continued the Archbishop, "to attend the meetings of the Loyal Legion, because they remind me that I did do some thing for the preservation of the Union. We still have duties to perform for great America, and in no way can we stir ourselves to the performance of those duties than by the remembrance of those who laid down their lives for their country. My friend Mgr. Nugent has just said that this meeting has revealed to him the beautiful lesson of patriotism. Yes, it is such meet ings as these that tell of undying patriotism. Yes, such meetings as these tell of the deep, sweet patriotism that shall make the government of America immortal ! We last because there is patriotism in us. Whatever our differences may be, America is our king. This is why we have no fear !" COLORADO COMMANDERY. *¥r* A stated meeting was held at the Windsor Hotel, Denver, October 1 . Mr. A. C. Phelps read a paper on ' ' Some Recollections. IOWA COMMANDERY. \* A stated meeting was held in the Kirkwood House, Des Moines, October 8. An elaborate banquet was spread after which the business ses sion was held. An amendment was offered to the constitution by Clayton 406 The American Historical Register. Hale, of Des Moines, providing members without heirs may have the power to elect a successor who is to become a member upon his elec tion. The matter was referred to a committee. It will first be acted upon by the Iowa Commandery before it is forwarded to the congress which meets every four years. Rev. Mr. Cline, of Des Moines, read the paper of the evening on the relative condition of the North and South at the beginning of the war. The paper was of more than usual merit and was listened to with great interest. The next meeting will be held at Cedar Falls, November 1 2. *** The Commandery-in-Chief met in biennial session at the Arlington Hotel, Washington, D. C, October 16, Gen. Lucius Fairchild, grand com mander, presiding. There were seventy-seven delegates present, repre senting every State of the Union except Oregon. There were three aspir ants for election to the office of grand commander, and the first ballot resulted as follows : Gen. Miles, twenty-seven votes ; Gen. John Gibbon, fifteen, and Gen. Wager Swayne, eleven. Gen. Swayne's name being dropped, Gen. Gibbon was elected on the second ballot, receiving thirty votes to twenty for Gen. Miles. Gen. Miles lacked only one vote of election on the first ballot, and it is believed would have succeeded on the second but for the superior age of Gen. Gibbon, which influenced many of the dele gates, who otherwise would have cast their ballots for Miles, to vote for Gibbon. A committee, consisting of Gens. Hubbard and Varney, Maj. Hayden and Cols. Woodward and Davis, was appointed to pass upon the eligibility of applicants for membership. Admiral Bancroft Gerardi was chosen senior vice-commander, Gen. Selden Connor, junior vice-commander ; Col. John P. Nicholson, recorder- in-chief ; Gen. Albert Ordway, registrar-in-chief; Capt. Peter D. Keyser, chancellor-in-chief, and Rev. H. Clay Trumbull, chaplain-in-chief. The counsel-in-chief was chosen in the persons of Gen. J. Marshall Brown, Col. Arnold Rand, Maj. George W. Tandler, Maj. William E. Huxford and Col. Charles W. Davis. The delegates to the Commandery were entertained in the evening at a delightful reception and banquet lunch at the Arlington by the District of Columbia Commandery of the Legion. At eight o'clock the guests began to arrive and for over an hour Gen. Gibbon, Gen. Ordway and Col. Nicholson were kept busy greeting them. The lunch began at half past nine o'clock, and was entirely informal, no speeches being made. At its conclusion the hosts and guests formed animated groups and told rare stories of the old war days. On the following day the Commandery-in-Chief led by Gen. Gibbon after witnessing a cavalry drill at Fort Meyer, went to the White House at 12.45 o'clock, and the members were received by the President in the East Room. Each member of the Commandery was presented to Mr. Cleveland by name, and after the introductions were over, the veterans joined lustily in singing " Marching Through Georgia." Mr. Cleveland congratu lated Engineer-in-Chief Melville on his vocal capacity, and the reception ended. Celebrations and Proceedings. 407 ILLINOIS COMMANDERY. *£* The first meeting since the summer vacation was held October 10, at Kinsley's, in Chicago, with Commander General Walker in the chair. There was a large attendance. Eulogies and memorials were read of com rades who have died since the last meeting. A memorial to Capt. G. R. Dyer, in the absence of Gen. Beveridge, was read by Col. Charles W. Davis, recorder. Companion Thomas B. Bryan read the memorial of Dr. George F. Root ; Capt. J. J. Abercrombie read the memorial of Capt. Mayer Frank ; Capt. and Judge H. V. Freeman read the memorial of Capt. W. A. Mont gomery ; Col. J. A. Sexton read the memorial of Col. and Brevet Brigadier- General A. M. Stuart. All these were ordered printed. The paper of the evening was read by Col. E. S. Watts, entitled " The Kentucky Unionist." Gen. Clark in a few words told of the loyal greeting given the Grand Army at Louisville, and asked that the Ohio veterans, who will meet in Chicago October 16 and 17, be given a cordial welcome. After the paper followed the banquet, the old army songs, recitations, the re newal of friendships, and memories of camp life. At a late hour and after a most enjoyable meeting the Commandery adjourned. Naval Order of the United States : The Triennial Congress was held at Boston, Mass., the one hundred and twentieth anniversary of the adoption by Congress of the resolutions formally authorizing the fitting-out of the first ships of the American navy. The Con gress convened at the South Armory, Irvington street, October 5, at 1.30 o'clock P. M., Lieut. John Codman Soley, U. S. Navy (retired), presiding. The South Armory is the home of the ist regi ment of Infantry and the Naval Brigade, Massachu setts Volunteer Militia, and it was through the courtesy of the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts and the colonel commanding the first-named organization, that the use of the armory as a place of meet ing was obtained. The national ensign floated in the breeze of a beautiful October day, in honor of the visiting delegates, and the large officers' room, where they assembled, was a most appropriate place for such a gathering, being handsomely furnished. On the left of the fireplace stood an ancient field piece, mounted on its original carriage, which was used by the Ameri cans under Gen. Washington at Dorchester Heights, 1775. A large picture of Lieut. F. W. Nichols, U. S. Navy, the late general recorder, whose sud den death, on February 7 last, was a serious blow to the Order, stood at the right of the fireplace. Previous to the congress, in the same room, a final meeting of the retiring General Council was held, and the congress proper was then opened in due form. Com. William Melville Paul, of the Massachusetts Com mandery, welcomed to Boston the visiting delegates in a most appropriate address, in which he spoke interestingly on the first formal action taken by 408 The American Historical Register. the United States Congress to establish a navy in 1775, which event the Naval Order saw fit to commemorate by holding its triennial congress on the anniversary of the same. Lieut. Soley followed Com. Paul in an eloquent address and report, reviewing the work which had been performed and the progress which had been made since the organization of the General Commandery, on June 19, 1893. He stated that the Order was to be congratulated on the fact of having well-established and well-officered State commanderies, and that, with a large list of distinguished names to draw from for a new board of general officers, no fears as to the continued and increased success of the Order need be entertained. The reading of the records of the last special Congress of August 8, 1894, were waived, the same having been approved by the Council and published in handsome book form, in accordance with a resolution passed at the said congress, together with the complete records of the first congress of June 19, 1893, and special congresses of August 15, 1893, and May 23, 1894. Gen. -Com. Soley appointed, as a committee on credentials, Capt. H. H. Bellas, U. S. Army, C. F. B. Philbrook, Col. J. B. Porter and Chief Engineer Louis J. Allen, U. S! Navy, which adjourned, and later reported the following list of officers and delegates as entitled to vote at the congress : General commander, Lieut. John C. Soley, U. S. Navy; vice-general commanders, Rear-Admiral John L. Worden, U. S. Navy, Rear-Admiral Francis A. Roe, U. S. Navy, Capt. Henry C. Taylor, U. S. Navy; general recorder, Capt. Henry H. Bellas, U. S. Army ; general treasurer, Lieut. Thomas A. De Blois, M. D.; general registrar, Charles C. Philbrook; general historian, Lieut.-Com. Theodorus B. M. Mason, U. S. Navy; assist ant general recorder, C. F. B. Philbrook; assistant general treasurer, W. Lithgow Willey, S. D. ; assistant general registrar, Frankhn T. Beatty, M. D.; assistant general historian, Arthur W. Clark, M. D.; general chap lain, Rev. Minot J. Savage. General Council: Maj. Horatio B. Lowry, U. S. Marine Corps ; Rear-Admiral John G. Walker, U. S. Navy ; Commo. Edward E. Potter, U. S. Navy ; Com. Jacob W. Miller ; Paymaster Theo dore S. Thompson, U. S. Navy; Lieut.-Com. William M. Paul; Capt. Francis H. Harrington, U. S. Marine Corps ; Com. Felix McCurley, U. S. Navy ; Mr. Richard K. Gatley. From the Massachusetts Commandery : William M. Paul, commander ; Theodore S. Thompson, Paymaster U. S. Navy, vice-commander ; Amos Binney, recorder; James D. J. Kelley, Lieut.-Com. U. S. Navy, Maj. William Boerum Wetmore, Mr. John H. Collamore, delegates ; Rt. Rev. William S. Perry, Chief-Engineer David B. Macomb, U. S. Navy ; Charles W. Galloupe, M.D., alternates; Charles C. Philbrook, past commander. From the Pennsylvania Commandery : Col. John B. Porter, com mander; Capt. William Bainbridge-Hoff, U. S. Navy, vice-commander; James V. P. Turner, recorder ; Capt. Richard S. Collum, U. S. Marine Corps, Com. James M. Forsyth, U. S. Navy, John Marston, delegates ; Capt. Charles B. Dahlgren, alternate. From the New York Commandery : Lieut. Loyall Farragut, com- Celebrations and Proceedings. 409 mander ; Maj. Henry Chauncey, Jr., vice-commander ; Chief-Engineer Louis J. Allen, U. S. Navy, recorder ; Chief-Engineer George Cowie, Jr. , U. S. Navy, John Loyd, Chief-Engineer Henry Schuyler Ross, U. S. Navy, alternates, Jarvis B. Edson, Marshall T. Davidson, Philip B. Low. From the District of Columbia Commandery : Maj. Horatio B. Lowry, U. S. Marine Corps, commander ; Capt. Frank L. Denny, U. S. Marine Corps, recorder. From the Illinois Commandery : Com. James H. Drayton, U. S. Navy, commander; Lieut.-Com. Edward M. Stedman, U. S. Navy, vice-com mander ; Horatio L. Wait, recorder ; Robert S. Critchell, James J. Sullivan, Elliot Callendar, delegates. A communication was received from Rear-Admiral Walker, U. S. Navy, expressing regret on account of his inability to be present at the congress, having been ordered to Washington on official business of an important nature. Twenty-five officers and delegates responded to the calling of the roll by the General Recorder. The reports of the following officers, showing the past and present condition of the Order were then read : General recorder, Capt. Henry H. Bellas, U. S. Army ; assistant general recorder, C. F. B. Philbrook ; gen eral registrar, Charles C. Philbrook, by his assistant, Dr. Franklin T. Beatty ; and general treasurer, Thomas A. De Blois, M. D. Capt. Bellas also made a verbal report in behalf of General Historian Theodorus B. M. Mason, Lieut.-Com. U. S. Navy, who was unable to be present at the congress on account of illness. Reports from the State commanderies were read by their respective recorders. Of the announced business, the first to be considered were the amend ments to the constitution. The amendments to Article III (Membership), proposed by the Committee on Revision, were presented and discussed. On the ground that as all companions of the Order stood equal and enjoyed the same privileges, and that a difference existed only by the mere printing of the classes, Col. John B. Porter moved that the first and second classes be united in one, and that the third class be changed to the second class. This suggestion was considered jointly with the amendments to the article itself prepared by the committee. Com. Felix McCurley, U. S. Navy ; Chief-Engineer Louis J. Allen, U. S. Navy ; Mr. Jarvis B. Edson, Chief-Engineer David B. Macomb, U. S. Navy ; Capt. Francis H. Har rington, U. S. Marine Corps ; Capt. Charles B. Dahlgren and Mr. Amos Binney, all spoke earnestly in favor of the proposed amendment, believing that all companions should stand entirely equal, and that not only should one son, the eldest, of an officer, be entitled to membership, but the same right and standing should be accorded to all the sons and lineal descend ants thereof. The article was finally unanimously adopted to read as follows : 410 The American Historical Register. Article III. — Membership. The Companions of the Order shall be of two classes. First Class. — Commissioned officers, midshipmen and naval cadets, or corps or staff officers with relative rank as such, or appointed volunteer officers in line of pro motion, who were in actual service in the Navy, Marine Corps or Revenue Service under the authority of any of the thirteen original Colonies or States, or of the Continental Congress during the War of the Revolution or of the United States during the War with France, the War with Tripoli, the War of 1812, the War with Mexico, the Civil War, or in face of the enemy in any engagement in which the Navy of the United States has participated, and who resigned, were discharged with honor, or who are still in the ser vice, or those who served as aforesaid, but in * grade below that of a commissioned officer, midshipman, naval cadet, or corps or staff officer, with relative rank as such or appointed volunteer officer in line of promotion, and who subsequently became a com missioned officer, regular or volunteer, in the United States Army, Navy, Marine Corps or Revenue Service : Provided, however, That this clause shall not be so construed as to include officers who at any time have borne arms against the Government of the United States. All male descendants of those who are eligible as above specified, or in default thereof, then one such collateral representative as may be deemed worthy. Second Class. — Enlisted men who have received the United States Naval Medal of Honor for bravery in face of the enemy, may be enrolled exempt from fees and dues by the Commanderies of the States in which they reside. Such membership to be for life only. A number of other amendments were presented and adopted, the most important of which was that to the first clause of Article IV, which was amended so as to permit the holding of congresses of the Order in States other than Massachusetts, viz. : Article VI. — Congress. The triennial Congress of the Order shall be held on the fifth day of October in such place as the triennial Congress next preceding may appoint. In the event of failure of the preceding Congress to appoint such place, the General Council shall, at least six months preceding the Congress choose and announce the place of meeting. The General Council may, for cause shown, change the place of meeting when appointed by a Congress. At such triennial Congress the General officers for the ensuing term shall be elected. The following was added to Article IV (Admission of Companions), as Section 3 of said article : The applications of persons claiming the eligibility through Naval service, whether rendered personally or by an ancestor, which does not appear to come within the speci fications of Article III of this Constitution, must first be referred by the Council of a State Commandery to the General Recorder for his decision and bear his endorsement before the applicant can be elected to membership in the Order. A number of resolutions and items of business were also considered. Among the resolutions was one presented by the Pennsylvania Commandery to urge upon Congress the desirability of amending the law relating to the Naval Medal of Honor, the resolution being as follows : Resolved, That the Congress of the United States be urged to so amend the Act ¦conferring a medal of honor upon those who have especially distinguished themselves by individual acts of bravery during the War of the Rebellion as to include Commis sioned Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps. Celebrations and Proceedings. 411 A committee on nominations was appointed by the General Comman der with instructions to present their report at the adjourned meeting in the evening. The congress was then adjourned at five o'clock until seven o'clock P. M. At that hour the congress was again called to' order by General Commander Soley, in the library of the Algonquin Club. The Committee on Nomination was called upon for their report which was as follows : ' Officers nominated for the General Commandery : General commander, Rear-Admiral John Grimes Walker, U. S. Navy ; vice-general commanders, Rear-Admiral Francis Asbury Roe, U. S. Navy (retired), Chief Engineer George W. Melville, U. S. Navy, Col. John Biddle Porter; general re corder, Capt. Henry Hobart Bellas, U. S. Army (retired) ; assistant general recorder, Charles Frederick Bacon Philbrook ; general treasurer, Lieut. Jarvis Bonesteel Edson, late U. S. Navy ; general registrar, Capt. Charles Bunker Dahlgren ; general historian, Capt. Richard Strader Collum, U. S. Marine Corps ; general chaplain, Rt. Rev. William Stevens Perry, D. D. (Oxon.), LL.D., D. C. L., Bishop of Iowa. General Council: Maj. Horatio Barnard Lowry, U. S. Marine Corps; Commo. Edward Eells Potter, U. S. Navy (retired) ; Com. Felix McCurley, U. S. Navy; Capt. Norman H. Farquhar, U. S. Navy; Lieut. Loyall Farragut, late U. S. Navy ; John Hoffman Collampre, Chief Engineer, Louis J. Allen, U. S. Navy; Maj. Henry Chauncey, Jr., Lieut. Robt. S. Critchell, late U. S. Navy. The report of the committee met with hearty and unanimous approval and no other nominations being made when called for, the general recorder was instructed to cast one ballot for the election of the officers nominated. Mr. C. F. B. Philbrook who declined re-election to the position of assistant general recorder and only accepted after urgent requests, offered the following resolution addressed to General Commander John C. Soley and other retiring officers and which was unanimously adopted by a rising vote. Resolved, That the thanks of the congress are hereby tendered to the retiring offi cers of the General Commandery for valuable and faithful service as such during their term of office in the primary stage of the said General Commandery. General Commander Soley thanked the congress for the resolution and in retiring from the position of general commander expressed his heartfelt appreciation of the hearty support which the officers of the General Com mandery had given him. At the adjournment of the congress those present sat down to an elaborate dinner prepared in their honor by a committee from the Massachusetts Commandery. The library was handsomely decorated with flags and flowers and at the plate of each companion was a bouttonniere corresponding in color to the rosette of the Order. The cover of the menu card bore the insignia 412 The American Historical Register. of the Order, embossed and illuminated in colors together with the following engraved inscription : Dinner to the Officers and Delegates attending the Triennial Congress of the Naval Order of the United States by the Massachusetts Commandery, Boston, October 5, 1895, Algonquin Club. The final card bore extracts from the Journals of congress of Thurs day, October 5, 1775, relating to the first ships of the navy, and headed with the dates " 1775-1895." Com. William Melville Paul, of the Massachusetts Commandery pre sided with dignity at the dinner and acted as toastmaster. The speaking was chiefly reminiscent and the entire affair was most heartily enjoyed. Com. Paul proposed the toast, "The President of the United States," which was responded to by rising. Other toasts were "Old Glory," by Capt. Charles B. Dahlgren and "The Continental Navy," by Mr. C. F. B. Philbrook. Lieut. J. C. Soley who wore the cordon and plaque as an officer of the General Commandery was the first speaker, being followed by Capt. Henry H. Bellas, U. S. Army, general recorder; Col. John B. Porter, Pennsyl vania National Guard ; Chief Engineer David B. Macomb, U. S. Navy ; Com. Felix McCurley, U. S. Navy; Capt. Charles B. Dahlgren, New Jer sey Naval Reserves ; Mr. Jarvis B. Edson, Capt. Francis H. Harrington, U. S. Marine Corps, and Mr. M. T. Davidson. By a happy coincidence and one very interesting to note, the election of Rear-Admiral John G. Walker, U. S. Navy, as general commander occurred on the forty-fifth anniversary of his entry into the naval service, he having received his appointment as a midshipman on October 5, 1850. On the following day, Sunday, those of the delegates who were able to remain were taken in charge by different members of the committee of the Massachusetts Commandery and shown some of the beauties of Boston's suburbs as well as its extensive and admirable park system. Society of the War of 1812. *V* The board of governors of the Maryland Society met October 10 and elected to life membership Mr. John Lumberson. Mr. Lumberson entered the service of the United States on September 13, 1813, at Fort Moultrie, Charleston, S. C, and remained in the service until 1837. At the time of his enlistment his father was also in the service at Fort Moultrie. Celebrations and Proceedings. 413 Society Sons of the American Revolution : district of columbia. *** The old ' ' Liberty Bell ' ' [was taken by rail from Philadelphia, October 4, to the Exposition at Atlanta, Ga., and en route making its first visit to the Capitol of the nation, at noon, October 4, escorted by the Mayor of Phila delphia, and a committee of City Councilmen. It was a gala day at the Capitol and among the thousands who paid their respects to the historic relic of the Revolution were the members of all the patriotic-hereditary so cieties in the city. A beautiful silk flag was borne at the head of the delegation of the Sons of the American Revolution. The entire representation from the various organiza tions was probably 1 50, including half a hundred ladies from the various chapters of the Daughters of the American Revolution. This party was in charge of Mrs. M. S. Lockwood, a member of the National Board, actingin place of Mrs. John W. Foster, who is at the head of the local organization, and Mrs. M. A. Ballinger, regent of Continental Chapter, and Miss Pike, regent of Martha Washington Chapter. They bore a beautiful bunch of American beauty roses, tied with a bow of red, white and blue ribbon, which was afterward placed on the Liberty Bell in their name by Judge John Goode, of Virginia. Mrs. M. S. Lockwood and Miss Washington repre sented the Daughters on the local committee of reception. WASHINGTON. * * * A. S. Gibbs, of Seattle, secretary of the Washington Society and Rev. A. N. Thompson, the second vice-president of the Society, are organizating a Tacoma Chapter. MASSACHUSSETTS. *** By invitation from the Historical Society of Old Newbury, the Massachusetts Society was represented at the gathering of the members and friends of the Historical Society at the Upper Green, Newbury, September 19, to commemorate the one hundred and twentieth anniversary of the sail ing of Arnold's expedition against Quebec, September 19, 1775. The spot where the expedition was encamped previous to its embarkation was appro priately marked. The Society recently admitted seventeen new members. It is rapidly increasing in membership, 1 1 8 having joined since their annual meeting, April 19, giving a total of about 800 names enrolled. The Society will have its semi-annual meeting, October 19, and will celebrate Cornwallis' surrender by an excursion and dinner at Dan vers. As a part of the exercises of the day, markers will be placed upon the graves of all the Revolutionary heroes, not previously supplied with them, under direction of William O. Hood. Statistics show that 900 went from the old town of Danvers to fight for freedom. 414 The American Historical Register. VIRGINIA. \* The Sons met in the rooms of the Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, at 8 o'clock, September 23, the president, W. W. Henry, in the chair. The president suggested that monthly meetings should be held at the Historical Society, and it was agreed that this subject should be brought up at the next meeting. A dozen new members were elected. The Sons held a meeting at Edwards & Happer's office, Norfolk, October 15, for temporary organization, and elected Dr. H. F. Butt, chair man, and R. E. B. Stewart, secretary. W. H. Stewart, Lieutenant J. C. Cresap, U. S. Navy, and J. Ridgely Porter, were appointed a Committee on Organization. G. F. Edwards, Alex. B. Butt and J. Ridgely Porter, Committee on Propaganda Adjourned meeting until October 22, to meet at the same place. KENTUCKY. *.„.* The Society is afflicted with the death of two own sons of Revolu tionary sires. Charles Anderson, ex-Gov. of Ohio and Ben C. Allin, clerk of Mercer county, for over fifty years. Gov. Anderson was a son of Gen. Richard Clough Anderson, and died at his home in Kuttawa, Ky., September 2, Mr. Allin was a son of Maj. Thomas Allin, commissary to Gen. Greene, and died September 22, at Harrodsburg, Ky. ILLINOIS. *** The Society celebrated the anniversary of the surrender of Corn wallis by holding a banquet at the Chicago Athletic Club on the evening of the 19th instant. A reception preceded the dinner. The military organization of the Sons of the American Revolution known as the Chicago Continental Guard was present in full-dress uniform at the second annual ball at the First Regiment Armory, October 9. MARYLAND. *V* The annual meeting of the Society was held at the Hotel Rennert, Baltimore, October 19, for the election of officers and transaction of other business. Among the most important matters discussed was the adoption of a revised constitution, which has been prepared by a committee com posed of John Richardson Dorsey, Col. H. Ashton Ramsey, John Silver Hughes, Albert Clark Kenly and C. Hopewell Warner. The annual banquet was held in the same hotel at 9 o'clock. OHIO. *** The fall meeting of the board of management of the Western Reserve Society was held at the Forest City House, Cleveland, October 14. A large number of new applications for membership were considered, and several important committees appointed. The public spirit and unselfish patriotism manifested by this Society commend it to the best representative citizens of Cleveland, and of the Western Reserve. Celebrations and Proceedings. 415 CONNECTICUT. \* The board of managers of the Society met in Hartford, October 15. Jonathan Trumbull, of Norwich, the president, was in the chair. The board voted to continue for the coming year the series of prizes offered last year for essays by public school pupils on historical subjects. The topics for the coming year will be " The Continental Congress" for pupils of high schools, and " Burgoyne's Campaign" for pupils of grammar schools. The "Year Book" of the Connecticut Society, was recently published. NEW YORK. *#* Among the applications for membership in the Empire State Society which received favorable action at the monthly meeting of the Board of Managers at the Hotel Normandie, September 19, was that of General Nelson Appleton Miles, United States Army. A remarkable feature of the meeting was the admission of five of the six sons of General George Bell, United States Army, who himself is a member. The sixth son is not yet of age. The list of candidates was the largest acted upon at any meet ing since the Society was organized. The Empire State Society held a meeting at the Hotel Normandie, New York, October 17. The president, Chauncey M. Depew, LL.D., called the members to order shortly after 9 o'clock. The meeting marked the begin ning of an effort to establish a regular monthly series. It had a special significance; because it marked the anniversary of the surrender of Bur-. goyne, and because a gavel had been received for presentation to the Presi dent that was made from a piece of the timber of the Royal Savage, which was sunk in Lake Champlain, in the battle of Valcour, October 11, 1776, by the American ships under Benedict Arnold. The minutes of the secretary, John Winfield Scott, showed a total membership at this time of 643. At the close of the report, Mr. Scott read a letter presenting the gavel, and Dr. Depew then remarked that probably about seventy of the seventy millions of the American people ever knew that Benedict Arnold at any time commanded a vessel. He went on to say that he thought the character of Benedict Arnold had been little understood, and that he himself had always held the view entertained by a good old Presbyterian pastor, under whose ministrations he sat in Peek- skill, of Judas Iscariot. The policy of this minister was to jump on Judas with both feet. Then Dr. Depew proceeded to draw a parallel between Judas as he saw him pictured in the Oberammergau Passion Play and Arnold, and concluded with the suggestion that abuse had ceased to have any effect. The time had come for analysis, by which much more was to be gained that would be of benefit than by any lesson drawn from mere abuse. President Depew introduced Elihu Root, a newly elected member of the organization, who was to talk about the battle of Saratoga. Mr. Root remarked that the first important fact he had discovered relative to the battle of Saratoga was that there had been no such battle. It was really 416 The American Historical Register. the culmination of a brilliant series of incidents in the campaign of 1777, so fatal to English hopes of separating New England from the States to the south of it. Mr. Root spoke eloquently of the defeat of the force under St. Leger by the stout Dutchmen of the Mohawk valley under Herkimer, and its utter demoralization in the subsequent pursuit by General Ganse- voort. All the British standards were captured and carried into old Fort Stanwix, where Rome, N. Y., now stands, and over them was raised a composite banner made of the red, white and blue strips from as many colored petticoats, assuming somewhat the form of the present National colors. General Howard Carrol, who is a member of the Saratoga Monument Association, followed with some remarks on the movement to mark the historic spot. Before the meeting adjourned for supper, Hiram R. Steele offered the following resolution, which was adopted: Resolved, That we extend to the people of Cuba, who are struggling for their national independence, the cordial sympathy of the Sons of the American Revolution in New York State. MINNESOTA. *** Members of the Minnesota society attended the funeral of their late compatriot, Albert D. Timerman, at his late residence, 573 Marshall avenue, St. Paul, at 2 P. M., October 15. Society Sons of the Revolution • NEW YORK. *x* The Society changed its headquarters, September 30, from the Hotel Waldorf to 146 Broadway, corner of Liberty street. The new office of the Society, which is room 409, is more accessible to business men, and will be spacious enough for the display of Revolutionary art and relics. The room will be open from 9 A. M. until 6 P. M. The Society has laid the foundation for a Revolutionary museum, which promises soon to be of great extent and value. The new quarters were opened for business with out any special ceremony. *** The Albany Chapter made a pilgrimage to the site of the battle of Bemus Heights, twelve miles east of Saratoga Springs, October 7, and cele brated the anniversary of the battle at the historic Freeman's Farm. The programme reflected great credit upon the Sons and the Committee of Arrangements— Mr. Edgar C. Leonard, chairman. Dr. W. J. Nellis and Mr. Charles H. Mills. The committee had most gallantly invited the Daughters of the Revolution and Daughters of the American Revolution, of Albany, Saratoga, Ballston and other places to join in commemorating the one hundred and eighteenth anniversary of this most important event, and the Daughters turned out in large numbers, bestarred and decorated with the various insignias of their Orders and offices, and made the event Celebrations and Proceedings. 417 one of the most delightful that has taken place in many years in and about Albany. The Albany party at eight o'clock in the morning, under the charge of Maj. H. Pumpelly Read, president of the Albany Chapter, and chaperoned by Mrs. Abraham Lansing, president of the Daughters, and Mrs. Gregory, president of the Daughters of the American Revolution, left in a special car for Mechanicville. At this place carriages were waiting to drive the pilgrims the seven miles to Bemus Heights. Lunch was served at Freeman's Farm and was enjoyed by everyone, after which Mr. George Lawyer, having been introduced to the audience by the president, Maj. Read, in a short, but complimentary speech, favored those present with a most appropriate and historic address. An interesting incident occurred when Mrs. James R. McKee and Maj. H. Pumpelly Read met. Mrs. McKee reminded Maj. Read that her ances tor, Benjamin Harrison, "the Signer," and his ancestor, George Read, " the Signer," were very intimate friends, and belonged to the same select dining club when attending Congress in Philadelphia ; and so the friendship of two great men of the Revolution was renewed by their descendants on the his toric battlefield of Bemus Heights. It was Benjamin Harrison who, after he had signed the Declaration, and being twitted by a fellow signer who was thin and small, about the chance they all had of hanging on the King's tree, as the gallows were called, turned his huge body around and, looking down at his friend, said : " When you are yet kicking at the end of the rope I will be out of my misery, if it comes to that." Read's answer, when told by a prominent man that he had signed the Declaration with a halter about his neck, is characteristic of the man : " I know it, and am ready to take the consequence." After the address by Mr. Lawyer, and prayer by the chaplain, Maj. William A. Wallace, the various parties took their carriages and drove back to Saratoga, Ballston and other places, and the Albany Sons and Daughters drove back to Mechanicville by way of Wilbur's Basin, and from there back to Albany. MONTANA. *** The State Society issued a proclamation, September 27, calling on the public school pupils for essays on "The Spirit of '76," the prizes offered being two medals, silver and bronze, bearing the seal of the Society. MINNESOTA. \* The State Society issued, October 10, a call to the high school pupils of the State for compositions on " The Declaration of Indepen dence." Essays must be handed into the secretary of the State Society, Mr. Rukard Hurd, before February 5 next. The prizes offered are a silver and a bronze medal bearing a. facsimile of the seal of the Order. PENNSYLVANIA. *** The Society has just published its annual reports. It offers two prizes, one of $75 and one of $25, to be awarded to the students of the Uni- 41 8 The American Historical Register. versity of Pennsylvania for excellence of composition on the subject of " Pennsylvania in the Revolution." The permanent fund amounts to $8040.34. One hundred and fifty-eight new members were admitted last year, making the total, since its organization, nine hundred and twenty- eight. Thirty have died. A portion of the pamphlet contains the address of Frederick D. Stone, LL. D., librarian of the Historical Society of Penn sylvania, on " The Battle of Brandywine," delivered before the Society in Birmingham Meeting House, June 18, 1895, which was printed in full in our magazine July last. *** The General Society publishes, in a tasteful buff and blue pam phlet, extracts of general interest from the proceedings of the annual meeting in Faneuil Hall, Boston, April 19. Essays upon " The Navy in the Revo lution " of Naval Cadets Cassius Bartlett Barnes, to whom was awarded the gold medal, and James Proctor Morton, to whom was awarded the silver medal, are given in full, together with a fac-simile of the certificate of mem bership, and a full list of the officers and members of the State societies. MISSOURI. *** The Kansas City Chapter had its first annual banquet at the Coates House, Kansas City, on the evening of October 19. The occasion was one of the most interesting ever held in Missouri. Prominent members of the State association were invited, and the ladies of Elizabeth Benton Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution also attended. The occasion was the anniversary of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis. The Kansas City Chapter has about forty members. Its officers are : Edward H. Allen, pres ident; J. V. C. Karnes, vice-president, and Alfred H. Howe, secretary. -MASSACHUSETTS. \* A special meeting of the board of managers was held in Boston, October 9, at the office of the vice-president of the Society, Clement K. Fay. Every member of the board was present, and it was voted to represent the Society by attending the funeral of its late president, Col. William Leverett Chase, of Brookline, in a body. A committee of three was appointed to present suitable resolutions on the loss sustained by the Society. Col. Chase was a charter member and first president, which office he held at the time of his death. Society of the Colonial Dames of America : *** One of the most unique entertainments of a patriotic nature ever given in New York will take place on November 21 and 22, in the concert hall and assembly rooms of the Madison Square Garden, under the auspices of the Original Society of Colonial Dames. The entertainment will be called a " Two Days Revel," and the programme, while keeping always in the foreground the earlier historical events of this country and treating them from a pictorial standpoint, includes sufficient frivolity of a nineteenth century quality to appeal to the most youthful descendants of the founders of our country. Celebrations and Proceedings. 419 The " Revel ' ' opens with a grand patriotic reception by the Dames to kindred societies, to take place in the earlier part of the day in the concert hall. This will be followed in the evening by a miscellaneous entertain ment, held in the same place, consisting of musical selections, an auction, a literary salad and a flower and refreshment table, presided over by Colonial Dames, in colonial costumes. There will also be distributed " swan surprise souvenirs," and the clos ing feature will be a dance by quaintly costumed dames. The " Revel " of November 22 begins in the morning with a series of historical views, or tableaux, twelve in number, illustrative of the history of this country, the characters therein, so far as it is possible to arrange, being represented by their direct descendants. One of these views, entitled " James Alexander Defending the Liberty of the Press," will portray the famous Fenger trial, and another most effective tableau is called " The Jesuit Priest Jaques Pleading with the Herr Patroon Van Rensselaer for Protection from the Indians." Among the Colonial Dames who are actively interested in the success of the "Revel" are Mrs. A. Grade King, president of the Society; Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer, Mrs. John Lyon Gardiner, Mrs. Walter Ruther- furd, Mrs. Herman Livingston, Mrs. J. J. Townsend, Mrs. J. Hampden Robb, Mrs. Frederic Bronson, Mrs. W. W. Hoppin and Mrs. Samuel Borrowe.Society of Colonial Wars : illinois. *#* Capt. Philip Reade, U. S. Army, who has been stationed in Chicago for some time, has been ordered to join his regiment, the 3d Infantry, at Fort Snelling, Minn. On October 2 Capt. Reade was surprised and presented with a decoration that testified to the esteem in which he is held by the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Illinois. The presentation took place in one of the clubrooms of the Auditorium, in the presence of a majority of the members of the Society, the pre sentation speech being made by Col. Henry L. Turner. The decoration given Capt. Reade was a magnificent I jewel, the insignia of the Society. On a gold bar attached to the red silken band was the following inscription : " Presented to Captain Philip Reade, U. S. A., by the Society of Colonial Wars of the State of Illinois, in appreciation of his arduous and successful labors in its behalf. October, 1895." Col. Turner spoke briefly of Capt. Reade' s services in behalf of the National Guard ; that he had done more to elevate the citizen soldiery in Wisconsin and Illinois than any other one man had done iri- one State ; that he had labored to promote the Society of which he was the commander, and that he had successfully fought in behalf of the American flag and against its degradation as an advertising medium. 420 The American Historical Register. Capt. Reade replied with mnch dignity and force, though he was visibly affected, and spoke with deep feeling of the gratitude and appreciation that filled his heart. After the presentation Capt. Reade shook hands with each gentleman present and thanked him in person. PENNSYLVANIA. *#* The Council met, October 19, at Philadelphia, at the Stenton. A committee was appointed to attend to the handsomely furnishing the State Society's new quarters in old Congress Hall, at Sixth and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia. The annual church service will be held in the Society's chapel, Christ Church, November 24, to commemorate the capture 0/ Fort Duquesne. The Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames will be invited to attend the services in a body, and also the officers of other local patriotic -hereditary societies. OHIO. *#* Saturday afternoon, October 12, at the beautiful Glendale residence of Judge Samuel F. Hunt, " Baird Oak," the Society was royally entertained by that gentleman, assisted by his sister, Mrs. Weatherby, of Trenton, N. J., and Mrs. Dr. Heady. The invited guests arrived at the grounds at 1.30 on a special train from Cincinnati. At 3 o'clock everybody sat down to the discussion of a strictly modern menu, with colonial decorations in keeping with the sentiment of the oc casion. The Ohio State Society was organized six months ago at the residence of M. M. Shoemaker, in Cincinnati, and shortly after its charter was re ceived from headquarters. There are fifteen members in the State, fourteen of whom were present. Judge Hunt is governor-general of Ohio ; M. M. Shoemaker, of Cincinnati, deputy governor-general; Sylvester Thomas Norton, of Cincinnati, registrar- general, and Edward A. Rawson, of Cincin nati, general secretary. The members : Samuel Felton, Ralph Peters, Dr. P. V. M. Meyers, Perin Langdon, Dr. N. P. Dandridge, Maj. Joseph L. Mc Dowell, Dr.. James Heady, R. A. Shoemaker, Bentley Matthews and A. H. Pugh. There was a profusion of old colonial relics placed conspicuously about the rooms, which were handsomely decorated with bunting. MISSOURI. *** The Society gave its first annual banquet at the Mercantile Club, St. Louis, October 10, in commemoration of two events — one the occupation of Fort Chartres by English troops in 1765, and the other the battle of Point Pleasant in 1774. The first of these closed the long contest as to whether English or French rule should prevail in the territory east of the Mississippi, while the other ended the Indian wars. Officers chosen were : Prof. Alex ander Fleet, Mexico, governor ; Dr. John Green, St. Louis, deputy gover nor; Curtis Gardiner, St. Louis, lieutenant-governor; Selden P. Spencer, St. Louis, secretary; Henry Wyman, St. Louis, treasurer; Henry Cadle, Bethany, registrar; James Sands, St. Louis, historian ; Rt. Rev. Charles R. Hale, Cairo, 111 , chaplain. Celebrations and Proceedings. 42 1 National Society Colonial Dames of America : north carolina. *#* A meeting of ladies was held in the Yarborough House, Raleigh, September 20, for the purpose of organizing a local chapter of Colonial Dames of America. The State Society has already been organized, with headquarters at Wilmington. Mrs. George W. Kidder, of Wil mington, President of the Society in North Carolina, was present and explained the purposes of the organ ization. A committee, composed of Mrs. Hinsdale, Mrs. Busbee and Mrs. Armistead Jones, was selected for the purpose of perfecting the organization of the Raleigh Chapter. It is hoped soon to organize addi tional chapters in the principal cities of North Carolina, which will enable the Society more effectually to carry out the patriotic purposes for which it was organized. MICHIGAN. *#* The committee on organization of a Society of Colonial Dames in the non-colonial State of Michigan, requests the ladies who are interested and eligible as members of the Society to prepare their papers of applica tion for membership. A meeting was called in October to consider the claims of applicants and to confer with them concerning the formation of a Michigan Society. The committee consists of Mrs. E. B. A. Rathbone, Mrs. Henry F. Lyster, Mrs. F. E. N. Bagley, Mrs. M. E. Gibbs and Mrs. James T. Sterling. PENNSYLVANIA. *#* The Pennsylvania Society on October 9, held its first meeting in the new headquarters, at Sixth and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia, the building in which the First Congress of the United States met. Mrs. E. D. Gillespie, President of the Society, presided. Possession of the building was formally taken with appropriate exercises, and Mrs. Etting, on behalf of the committee, read the following report : More than a year ago the Society of Colonial Dames made application to the City Councils to become custodians of Independence Hall. But evidently we were asking for too much, and the request was unfavorably regarded. The idea, which originated in this Society, soon spread to others, and what we had desired so much and lost, the two Council Chambers, the Sons of the Revolution obtained for their headquarters. The Dames, however, were not discouraged and did not lose hope that they, too, might have a foothold in the historic building, and the wing at Sixth and Chestnut streets seemed the next best. A meeting was held in March, at which an invitation was extended to the Daughters of the American Revolution, asking their co-operation in the application, the thought being that we would make it a woman's building, having the two societies under one roof, many being members of both. After mature consideration the Daughters thought it best not to join with us. It being necessary to abandon that idea we then decided to make it a colonial building and ask the Society of Colonial Wars to join us. They gladly accepted, and an ordinance was prepared and presented to Councils, asking that the two societies might occupy this building. The air was now 422 The American Historical Register: ' filled with the voices of patriotic societies clamoring for entrance to Independence Hall, and how all were to be satisfied was the question before the Committee on City Property. When an amicable settlement appeared about to be realized, another appli cant appeared, the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania, asking for the whole building for the Law School. This was a dark hour for the Dames, but firm friends stood by them, and, on June 20, the ordinance was finally passed, giving them the building as headquarters to them and the Society of Colonial Wars, with the exception of the temporary occupancy of Room B by the Law School of the University. The summer was now so far advanced it was difficult to get many of the committee together, but in the early part of July a small number of them met the Society of Colonial Wars, to decide upon the division of rooms and to defray the necessary expense for passing the ordinance, which was $50, each society paying half. In the distribution of rooms the Colonial Dames selected the second floor and the Colonial Wars the Prothonotary's Office, the large room, first floor, with the entrance on Chestnut street. The other large room, back, temporarily occupied by the University Law School, will revert to the Colonial Dames and Colonial Wars at the end of their tenure. Your committee feels the Society of Colonial Dames is to be congratulated upon obtaining such headquarters filled with historic memories. It was in this large room overlooking Independence Square, that Washington was inaugurated President of the United States, in the presence of a large assemblage of people. Many ladies were also present on that memorable occasion, drawn hither, no doubt, to greet the honored wife of the great Washington. Five years later her death was announced with faltering voice by John Marshall, overcome with grief at the nation's loss. Although this building was not erected until after the Revolution, it was planned at the same time as the State House itself, in 1736, and was for nearly ten years the Capitol of the United States. The Philadelphia White House was then at Ninth and Market streets. Congress sat here, the Senate in the upper and the House of Repre sentatives in the lower room. In those days of republican simplicity it was deemed ample furniture for the Senate chamber a few chairs and one mahogany table, before which presided the Chief Executive. The Constitution of our country was practically put in order in this modest building. The army and navy, the Mint and United States Bank and other important matters were placed upon the foundation they stand to-day. In this room John Adams was made President of the United States as he stood between Washington and Jefferson, while Oliver Ellsworth pronounced the oath of office. Can we not picture to ourselves that galaxy of men who have hallowed these walls? May the Colonial Dames be worthy of such associations! Now that so many patriotic societies have gathered about Independence Hall and the old Liberty Bell, may we go forward hand in hand in preserving the spirit of patriotism and love of country. MARYLAND. *** The Dames held the first meeting of the season October 4, at their rooms, 407 Charles street, North, which they will occupy again this winter. Preliminary arrangements were made for another series of teas, which were such a feature of last winter's entertaining among the Dames. In addition to the teas, there will be literary talks every other week, at which subjects of interest, especially those pertaining to Colonial history will be discussed. The Society has added several new members to its list lately. *x* The National Society of Colonial Dames held an informal congress in Atlanta, Ga., October 19. Mrs. W. L. Peel welcomed the visitors. Mrs. Celebrations and Proceedings. 423 Hugh Hagan introduced Mrs. W. W. Gordon, president of the Georgia Society, and Mrs. Howard Townsend, president of the national organization, delivered an address. The Dames attended a reception to Mrs. Stevenson and themselves in the Virginia tea-room, and then one given in their honor by Mrs. W. D. Grant, and in the evening a unique theatrical entertainment at the Grand Theatre, called " Colonial Days." This was given under the direction of Miss Leiper, of Chester, Pa., the actors and actresses being well-known Northern society people, who went to Atlanta by a special car. Miss Effie Ellsler, the actress, who had rented the Grand for Saturday, kindly tendered 500 of the seats on the first floor and all the boxes to the members of the Daughters of the American Revolution and Colonial Dames for this evening. The affair was altogether invitational, with the exception of those portions of the house retained by the Ellsler management. From the sale of these seats Miss Ellsler was remunerated sufficiently to cover the expenses of her company. Everybody was in full dress that night. A special invitation was also extended to the members of the Sons of the Revolution of Georgia. The Aztec Club of 1847 held its annual meeting in Sherry's, New York City, October 12. The president- general, John B. Hatch, presided, and Ed ward Trenchard acted as secretary. The first order of the afternoon was the election of new members, and this resulted as fol lows : Primary members — Col. John Camp bell, U. S. Army ; Gen. Francis E. Pinto, of Brooklyn; Col. Charles E. Thorburn, of New York. Representative members — Henry May, nephew of Col. Charles May ; George I. Magee, Watkins, N. Y., nephew of Maj. Andrew Stuart; Norman J. Blackwood, passed-assistant surgeon, U. S. Navy, grandson of Capt. Kirby E. Smith; Maj. William S. Beebe, Thomp son, Conn., nephew of Capt. John C. Casey. Associate members — Lieut. Allyn K. Capron, U. S. Army ; Charles Weiser, Thomas T. Field, Lieut.-Com. Conway Hillyer Arnold, Jr., 5th U. S. Artillery; Wilton George Shock. Succeeding the election of new members, the Treasurer and Secretary read their reports, and in that of the former it was shown that the Associ ation has $2000 to add to the permanent fund. Succeeding these reports came the most interesting incident of the session. The original order of Gen. Taylor, issued to the Army of Occupation at the time it was summoned to cross the border into Mexico, was shown for the first time to the members. It was read by Acting-Secretary Trench ard and runs as follows : 424 The American Historical Register. Headquarters Army of Occupation, Corpus Christi, Tex., March 8, 1846. Order No. 30. The Army of Occupation, being about to take position on the left bank of the Rio Grande, under the orders of the Executive of the United States, the General command ing deems it proper to express his hope that the movement will prove beneficial to all concerned, and that nothing may be wanting on his part to insure so desirable a result, he strictly enjoins upon his command the most scrupulous regard for the rights of all persons who may be found in the peaceable pursuit of their respective avocations, residing on both banks of the Rio Grande. No person, under any pretense whatever, will interfere in any manner with the civil rights or religious privileges of the people, hut will pay the utmost respect to both. Whatever may be required for the use of the army will be purchased by the proper departments at the lowest market price. The General commanding is happy to say that he has entire confidence in the patriotism and discipline of the army, and in his command, and feels assured that his orders, as above expressed, will be strictly observed. Z. Taylor, B. B. General, U. S. A., Commanding. The order was accompanied by a letter from Capt. Theodore J. Ecker- son, with which one strange circumstance is connected. The letter is dated 1874, at Fort Monroe, and no one at the meeting could explain the wide period intervening between the dates. It is the presumption that Gen. Barry had held the original during all of these years for some unexplained reason. The letter of Capt. Eckerson to Gen. Barry reads in part as follows : I beg to present, through you, to the Aztec Association the inclosed original order, signed by Brevet Brigadier-General Zachary Taylor, for the movement of the Army of Occupation from Corpus Christi to the Rio Grande. Although not a member of the Aztec Association, it was my fortune to participate in the battles and marches of the war with Mexico from its commencement to its close in the armies under Taylor and Scott, and, as might be expected, I read the accounts of your annual meetings with much interest. This general order was carried in my knap sack on the marches from Corpus Christi to the Rio Grande ; from Matamoras to Ca- margo, and thence to Monterey ; from Monterey to Tampidb ; from Tampico to Vera Cruz; Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico, and thence back to the coast. It was present at Palo Alto, Resacra de la Palma, Monterey, Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Cherubusco, Chapultepec, and the capture of the City of Mexico. The reading of these documents was succeeded by the election of officers for the coming year: President and treasurer, Col. De Lancey Floyd-Jones ; vice-president, Admiral Alexander C. Rhind, U. S. Navy ; secretary, Gen. Horatio C. King; assistant secretary, Mark B. Hatch; assistant treasurer, Loyall Farragut. This filled out the business of the afternoon, and the members separ ated to prepare for the dinner which had been announced for the evening. The table for this was laid in the rear room on the third floor of Sherry's. The dining table contained a surprise for the Association in the shape of a present from the newly elected president. Col. Floyd-Jones had had pre pared an old-time sacrificial pyramid of the Aztec nation in silver, appro priately inscribed to the Aztec Club. It had been announced that Gen. Celebrations and Proceedings. 425 Miles would respond to the principal toast of the evening, "The Army;" but late in the afternoon the Secretary received word that he would be unable to be present, and Gen. James H. Wilson was substituted. For the toast, "The Navy," Commo. Sicard made a fitting response. Succeeding the stated toasts, there came impromptu addresses, which ended a successful meeting of the historic organization. The Society of the Cincinnati : NEW jersey. *** The dedication of the monument erected at Taylorsville, marking the place of Washington's crossing of the Delaware on Christmas night, 1776, which was to take place October 7, was postponed on account of rain to Tuesday, October 15. The work of getting the Penn sylvania monument has been accomplished through the activity of the Bucks county (Pa.) Historical Society, of which Gen. W. W. H. Davis, is president. A mon ument has been . erected on either side of the river, indicating the point of embarkation and the point of landing. The two monuments were dedicated with appropriate ceremonies, to which the public was invited. The ceremonies took place first in Taylors ville, opposite Washington's crossing station, beginning at 1.30 P. M. Dwight M. Lawrie, a young Philadelphia orator, made the oration on the occasion, and Gen. William S. Stryker delivered the historical address, dealing most minutely and entertainingly with the facts of that momentous night. Gen. Davis presided. The Pennsylvania monument is erected in Taylorsville, on the lawn of Dr. Gerffee, near the end of the bridge. It is of brown stone, rectangular in shape, on a foundation of concrete, and stands about six feet in height, and bears this inscription : NEAR THIS SPOT WASHINGTON CROSSED THE DELAWARE ON CHRISTMAS NIGHT, 1776, THE EVE OF THE BATTLE OF TRENTON. ERECTED 1895. BUCKS CO. HIST. SOC. The New Jersey monument is on the north side of the Feeder, as the land on which the railroad and Feeder stands is made ground. It is in full view of the railway for a mile. It is a twelve-ton, gray granite, rock-faced stone from the Stockton quarries, bearing a bronze tablet on the south side on which is the inscription : " This tablet is erected by the Society of the Cincinnati in the State of New Jersey, to commemorate the crossing of the Delaware river by Gen. Washington and the Continental Army on Christmas night of seventeen hundred and seventy-six." It stands on the Nelson estate, a piece of land ten feet square having been deeded by that family for 426 The American Historical Register. the purpose, the deed of conveyance bearing the signatures of about seventeen heirs belonging to that family. On the unveiling of the New Jersey monument, which occurred just after the ceremonies on the other side of the river, and was done by one of the daughters of the Nelson family. Judge Clifford Stanley Sims, presi dent of the New Jersey Society of the Cincinnati, delivered an address. Military Order of Foreign Wars of the United States : *#* At the last meeting letters of acceptance were read from Ex- President Harrison, Rear-Admiral Gherardi, U. S. Navy, and Rear-Admiral Braine, U. S. Navy, who were recently elected honorary com panions of the Order. The insignia was there upon conferred on the newly elected honorary companions. Honorary companionship in the Military Order of Foreign Wars is conferred only on those specially made eligible under the constitution : Presidents and ex-presidents of the United States ; officers of the army, not below the rank of major-general, and officers of the navy, not below the rank of rear-admiral. The secretary of the Order states that he is in receipt of numerous letters of inquiry and requests for application blanks from those who are not eligible to hereditary companionship in the Order, by reason of inability to prove descent in the direct male line. Full information as to the requirements for admission may be had by applying by letter to the secretary, Mr. Robert Webb Morgan, 89 Liberty street, New York City. NEW YORK COMMANDERY. *#* Among those admitted to hereditary companionship at the last meeting of the Council were Col. Henry Churchill Morgan, U. S. Army ; Maj-Gen. Albion P. Howe, U. S. Army ; Erastus Gay, of Connecticut ; Roswell Hunt, Rochester, and Henry Harmon Noble, New York ; Prof. Edward Livingston Holden, of the Lick Observatory, Cal. A committee ¦consisting of Maj-Gen. Alexanders. Webb, James Henry Morgan, Lieut. Irving M. Avery, Maturin L. Delafield, Jr., and Jacob T. Van Wyck, was •appointed to arrange for a banquet to be given early in November by the Order at the city of New York. * large meeting on November 8 at Atlanta, Ga. This new society has been agitated for some time in the South, and had its birth recently in Nashville, which now claims the parent chapter of the Society. " The objects of this Society are educational, moral, literary, social and benevo lent ; and particularly to collect and preserve the material for a truthful history of the War between the Confederate States and the United States of America ; to honor the memory of those who fell in the service of the Confederate States ; to cherish the Celebrations and Proceedings. 427 ties of friendship among the members of the Society, and to fulfill the duties of sacred charity towards the survivors of the War and those dependent itpon them. "The widows, wives, mothers, sisters, or female descendants of men who served honorably in the Army, Navy, or civil service of the Confederate States, or of one of said States, or who gave personal service to the Confederate cause; and women who, wherever living, gave aid and comfort to the Confederate States during the War, or their female descendants, shall be eligible for membership in the Society." *#* At the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania-German Society, which was held at Bethlehem, Pa., on October 16, Bishop Levering, of the Moravian Church of North America, delivered the address of welcome, and Judge Pennypacker, of Philadelphia, read the President's Annual Address. These officers were elected : President, F. R. Diffenderffer, of Lancaster ; vice- presidents, Rev. Dr. J. F. J. Schantz, of Meyerstown, and Rev. Dr. A. R. Home, of Allentown ; treasurer, Julius F. Sachse, of Philadelphia. Wednesday night the annual banquet was held at Sun Inn, where Washington and Lafayette had headquarters during the Revolution. J. H. Redsecker, of Lebanon, presided and acted as toast-master. The menu was printed on historically interesting linen paper. It was manufactured in 1778, and was made to order for the Continental Congress for either bond or currency purposes. The menu cards are prized very highly. The next meeting will be held in Philadelphia. *x* An event of much historical interest was observed at Newbury (Old Town), Mass., September 19, the 120th anniversary of the embarka tion of the Quebec expedition, by the City Improvement Society of New- buryport and the Historical Society of Old Newbury. On Old Town Green the troops encamped previous to their embarkation in ten transports from Newburyport for the mouth of the Kennebec, and in an enduring form the two societies decided to mark the spot. A large boulder was obtained, and on it a bronze tablet placed. In relief letters the story of the expedi tion is told. A large audience assembled at Old Town upper green. The Society of Colonial Wars was represented by Abijah Thompson, of Winchester, Walter K. Watkins, John A. Remick and Dr. Charles A. Fernald, of Bos ton. The Massachusetts Society of the Cincinnati had a representative present in the person of Edward S. Moseley. The Massachusetts Society of the Sons of the American Revolution sent as delegates Capt. Nathan Appleton, of Boston ; Allan Rogers, of Gloucester ; Nathan Warren, of Waltham ; Gardiner A. Churchill, of Bos ton ; Dr. Josiah L. Hale, of Brookline ; Levi S. Gould, of Melrose ; True Pike, of Salisbury; Herbert W. Kimball, of Jamaica Plain, and Rev. J. W. Dodge, H. W. Moulton and W. W. Churchill, of Newburyport. President Dodge stated that it was the aim of the Society to mark with suitable inscriptions all points of historic interest within the borders of New buryport. In eloquent words he alluded to the event which the boulder commemorated. 428 The American Historical Register. Rev. J. W. Dodge, of Newburyport, gave an interesting review of the Quebec expedition." He spoke at some length in relation to Benedict Arnold, and said that, while many condemned his treason, we can afford to be just to his early record, which showed great valor. William Little, president of the Historical Society of Old Newbury, after reading resolutions which were adopted by Newbury in 1774, showing the feeling at that time, gave several very interesting incidents in connec tion with the Arnold expedition. Capt. Nathan Appleton, of Boston, in a brief address laid special emphasis upon the work of the Sons of the American Revolution and the fact that the sailors of the Revolution were a potent force in that movement. It was the intention of the City Improvement Society to defray the entire expense, but the gratifying announcement was made that Henry Bailey Little, of Newburyport, had donated a sum sufficient to cover the entire expenditure. NOTES, QUERIES AND REPLIES. A letter written by Alexander Grayden, Esq., lieutenant in the Conti nental army, " to John Lardner, Esq., at his house in Philadelphia " : "Camp near Kings Bridge, July ist, 1776. " Dr Jack. Agreeable to my promise I employ the little Leizure I have, in giving you an Account of our Situation and what we are doing — we are stationed upon a very high Hill about two miles from Kings Bridge, which we are as busy as Ants in fortifying. If the Enemy gives us time to finish our works they will be almost impregnable and may merit the Appela- tion of Mount Defiance which is the name we intend giving our Hill. I am called away upon Business. "July 2nd. " Last night abput 12 o'clock we received order from Gen. Washing ton to be under arms at day break, this morning as the fleet was under sail we were accordingly paraded as soon as it was light and have examined our Arms and Accutrements and have delivered Cartridges, Flints &c to our men— From the best Information I can collect the Fleet consist of 120 or 130 sail which it is thought may contain 10,000 men — it is said we have 1 5,000 in and about New York which in my Opinion is insufficient to defend the Lines which are very extended and detach' d — however Troops are pouring in from the Jersey and more are expected from Connecticut. " In Morgans and our Battalions which are all Troops which are stationed at Kings Bridge — we have not over 700 Arms in Repair and con sequently a great part of our men are useless. However fight we must and I am in hopes that we shall not forfeit the favorable opinion which is enter tained of us — Col Reed writes Col Shee that ours is the most honorable and important Post in America and that the Salvation of the Country depends upon the brave handful at Kings-Bridge. So you see that we are highly complimented — our Character stands high and we must maintain the Honor of the Corps. I have really a high Opinion of our Men — They were in high spirits this morn, and had they been well armed two Months ago, we need not to have been afraid to meet an equal Number of red-coats in the Field. As it is, I hope we shall not turn our Backs. ' ' We have now four hundred Men at work in carrying on the Fort and throwing up an Abatis round the Foot of the Hill — we have just received from New York, six field pieces and four 12, pounders which if well served may do a little Mischief— I am very much afraid that we shall be attacked before we have completed our Works, it is a cursed thing that we are eternally too late in our Preparations. Had we been sent here a Month ago we should have been in a tolerable posture of Defence. " I am at present in a tolerable fighting Humour, how I may be when the Pinch comes, the Events must determine. However I shall indeavour 430 The American Historical Register. to do my duty and leave the Rest to Chance, Providence or whatever it is that directs human Affairs. " I conclude in (great haste) & in great hopes of surviving the Issue. ' ' Your sincere and affectionate Friend "Alexr. Grayden. "Remember me to Clay if in town, White, etc." " Mount Washington, July 18, 1776. " Dear Lardner : " Since my last we have had a Brush with a Couple of Ships of War, which with more than British Resolution undertook to pass all the Batteries of New York, Powles Hook, and even Mount Washington. ' ' I suppose you have seen the account in the papers in that of New York, it is said we handled them very roughly, but between ourselves, I fear we did them very little damage. Our Artillery was villainously served, we not being able to give them more than 8 or 10 shots, when we received from them 40 at the least. However, it is said by a Deserter that we hulled them three Times, which was much more than I expected. " I believe it is pretty certain that the Phenix has been upon the Careen, from which it appears that they sustained some injury. ' ' We gave them the 2 first shots, and then they began to thunder away most furiously and with great address. Several of the Balls struck the Parapet (which were afterwards found) one of them grazed it very near my Head, another came into the Fort and was very near putting an end to our Quarter-Master Serjeant. "However, we received no Injury save that the Yankey Captain of Artillery got his Head broke by the Fragment of a Rock which was dashed in pieces by a Ball. " Our men behaved remarkably well in this first Essay, except one of Captain Edwards', who fainted away — one of the Yankeys too was very sud denly seized by the Cramp just as he should have applied the match to the Gun. " For my own part I was perfectly cool upon the Occasion, and can say with Major Sturgeon that ' They make much more of these matters than they really merit.' I have heard it observed that it is nothing after the first Fire, but for my own part I felt much more disagreably than at first when the Balls began to whistle so near me. However at no Time did I feel half the Emotion that I have frequently had at a Horse Race before the starting, even when I have been disinterested in the Event. I have since been amazed that I did not feel a little Palpitation at the Beginning, 'tis what I expected ; but do declare that I was as perfectly cool and unconcerned as I am at this Instant. I am thus particular as I know most People are curious to know the Feelings on these Occasions. Tho' Cannon against a Fort is vastly different from Musquetry in an open Field. " The Ships are still up the River, and it is in agitation, if the Channel will admit of it to prevent their getting down again by sinking Hulks and Cheveaux de Friz. Notes,. Queries and Replies. 431 " The Declaration of Independency is variously relished here, some approving, others condemning it — for my own part, I have not the least Objection did I know my Rulers and the Form of Government. Inno vations are always dangerous particularly here, where the Populace have so' great an Ascendancy and popular Governments I could never approve of. However, I acquiesce in the measure as it became daily more necessary, altho' I am of Opinion that delaying it awhile longer could have had no bad Tendency. On the Contrary, it would still have kept the door open for a Reconciliation, convinced the World of our reluctance to embrace it, and increased our Friends on t' other side of the Water — but the greatest Dan ger is that subtle, designing knaves, or weak insignificant Blockheads may take the lead in publick Affairs. This they have already done, and much, I fear, that such will be our Rulers. But perhaps you will tell me that ' of two Evils, we must chuse the least,' either submit to Britain or declare Independency — Granted ! but there is no Reason that we should not have put it off as long as possible. However, the Matter is now settled and our salvation depends upon supporting the Measure. " Howe, as you observe, cannot think of attacking in his present cir cumstances. Should his Reinforcement, arrive I am very dubious of the Event — at least with our present Numbers. They talk of 25 or 30 thousand men in New York, but I cannot believe they have much above half the number. They talk of Connecticut Troops, but they are slow in coming, and should the Reinforcement arrive, it is not very probable that they will give us Time to collect more men. The day before Yesterday a Flag was sent to the Gen'l — but the Address being 'Geo. Washington, Esq.,' the Letter was not received. " It is sad to say that 40 of the Fleet disappeared yesterday, their Des tination or cause of this Departure is not known. " I begin to doubt whether we shall have anything to do here this campaign. Should we be attacked, the action will be decisive and go nigh to determine the Fate of America. In this situation, we must fight with a Resolution suitable to its Importance. I am in great hopes, we shall behave well here. I think our men will do their duty. In my next I will give you some account of our works, till then, believe me, " Yours &c, most affectionately, " Alex. Grayden. " N. B. — I write on my Knee in great haste, which, I presume will, apologize for my Letter. "To John Lardner, Esq., of Somerset, Tacony." The Monitor. — Can an account be given of the loss of the Monitor oft Cape Hattaras after encounter with the Merrimac at Fortress Monroe ? She was in command of Capt. John Bankhead, of the navy. Not being a sea-going vessel, as was proved in her trip from New York to Fortress Monroe when she barely escaped loss. It was a great mistake to have sent her to Charleston. Had the Monitor been sent to our principal Atlantic cities and fee required for her public inspection after her famous 43 2 The American Historical Register. battle with the Merrimac, a large sum would have resulted which would more than covered the expense of her building, the first iron-clad ship of war which revolutionized the navies of the world. Weston, Mass. L. The Revolution of '76. — I have received a copy of The American Historical Register for August, 1895. It isa very interesting and valu able publication, which I hope will continue and be prosperous. But I should like to ask Admiral Roe, author of the article, " The Revolution of '76," if he understands that the volley fired by Pitcairn's soldiers at Lexington was " answered by another ?"and, if so, what is the authority on which he so describes the transaction ? His sentence is : " It was answered by another, and a few dead and wounded lay upon the ground," which does not nec essarily imply that the dead and wounded were British soldiers, although I think a reader of this narrative, who had no other information, would so understand it. Next, Does Admiral Roe understand, as seems to be the meaning of his narrative, in the same paragraph on page 1408, that the battle of Bunker Hill took place on the same day with the retreat of the British from Concord to Lexington ? I presume that paragraph, which is introductory to the main purpose of Admiral Roe's very interesting article, was written rapidly and that the author did not read it over after writing it so as to observe that he had blended in his narrative the transaction of April 19, and that of June 17. Worcester, Mass. Geo. F. Hoar. Foot. — I want some information concerning Sarah Whicher, whose maiden name was Foot. She married for a second husband, Jonathan Kelly, of Amesbury, Mass., in 1736. I should like to know who her father was, or any of her ancestors. 800 Sixteenth street, Denver, Col. E. L. Kelly. A Colonial War Letter.* "Lake George, Sept. 9. 1755. "At four o'clock last Saturday afternoon a party of our five Nations of Indians came into the Camp from a Scout towards Crown Point, who informed us they had discovered a large number of tracks going to the Southward between here and South Bay, which they thought to be between 1 500 and 2000 men, and desired the General to send an Express to the fort at the carying place, as there were not above 800 men there, fearing they should be attacked, but the Express was killed. We being at this * A package of old papers was recently placed in my hands for examination. They were found among the effects of the late Mr. Caryll, of Ware, Mass., and seem once to have been in the possession of John Tisdale, Esq., of Taunton, Mass., as among them I find a plan of his farm in Taunton, made in 1756, and many legal documents con nected with his name. The dates range from 1702 to 1760. Among the papers I found a letter written at Lake George in 1755, which is so characteristic of the colonial times, I have copied it, thinking it worthy of a place in The American Historical Register. Palmer, Mass. O. P. ALLEN. Notes, Queries and Replies. 433 place in number about 2600 men. This evening a council of war was held and it was determined to send out about 1000 men on Monday morning in search of the enemy. Accordingly at 9 o'clock they marched under the command of Col. Ephraim Williams, a brave man. In an hour after they marched we heard the attack begin, which by the fire seemed excessive smart, which caused a detatchment of 300 men more to reinforce the party, who marched directly, of which I was one ; at two miles march we found our friends retreating, the enemy having the advantage of the ground. So we made a slow and safe retreat to the front of the Camp where we had some artillery planted and there made a stand where 1000 regular troops marched up into the front and 600 Indians for their flanks. Imagining the Camp was theirs and that we had no more men than they had seen. Within 80 yards they made a stand and gave us the first fire, at which the engagement proceeded and held for four hours successively without inter mission, at which time they fled and carried off the chief of their dead and baggage and hid them where we cannot find them as yet, only about 200 and the prisioners who gave account of great slaughter made among these people ; but as they were put to the rout we cannot expect them to give a particular account. At four o'clock the fire grew thin on the part of the enemy, and our men advanced after the Regulars and took their small arms and other plunder, but the fire did not entirely cease, till 6 o'clock. The Fort at the carrying place being alarmed with our great guns which began at 12 o'clock, Col Blanchard of New Hampshire sent 250 men to assist us who meeting the fugitives 5 miles from here on their flight made a bold and resolute attack on them, faught them 2 hours and put them to the rout a second time ; killed and took about 100 of e'm with the loss of about 5 their own men, although the enemy says there were near 1000 men on their side. At 9 o'clock our friends arrived here with wounded bretheren, which was 4 and prisioners 4. As for the loss on our side, it is not fully known as we are not yet got settled. But the loss in our small regiment is 20, which is our proportion. Of the whole in my company there is 5 miss ing — Sweetheat, John Barford, James Disher, Jacob Feller and Thomas Flix ; all I expect are killed. We have got the French General of all the Forces in North America prisoner and killed the Major General who com manded the engagement at the Ohio, and the aid de camp to the General. The French General is badly wounded and doubtful of recovery. He and the aid de camp seem to be absolute gentlemen and used so, as prisoners. General Johnson has rec'd a wound but not doubtful. Old King Hendrich is killed and about 40 of our friend Indians of the Five Nations which is a heavy loss to them ; they swear revenge. The biggest loss we sustained by officers was Col. Ephriam Wyllys and Col. Moses Titcomb, and Major Ashley of Col. Williams regiment and two Captains. I hope our fresh troops will soon arrive as I expect we shall have occasion for them before our affairs are over, for by the best account we can get they are determined to defend Crown Point to the last extremity. Samuel Angel." Weiser. — Is there a likeness anywhere of Col. Conrad Weiser, the Indian interpreter ? K. 434 The American Historical Register. Jans. — I notice in your magazine for September last an inquiry from one Jans. The information desired will be found on page 38, vol. II, " O'Callaghan's History of New Netherlands." Germantown, Phila. Robert Heberton. Herrick — Herick. — We have a missing link in our genealogy, and are trying to find out our connection with the Herrick family. Information desired. Box 674, Muncie, Ind. W. V. Herrick. Hall. — I would be very grateful for any information concerning Nathaniel Hall, or Peter and David Hall, his sons. They lived in Boston or vicinity somewhere between 1620— 1680. David Hall, who was a colonel in the Revolutionary War, and afterward governor of Delaware, was a grandson of Nathaniel and son of David Hall, and nephew of David Hall. C. Fourth of July in Paris. — From the Figaro, August 22, 1895: " The eloquent and spirited discourse of M. Hanotaux at the dinner of the American Chamber of Commerce, on the Fourth of July, the one hundred and nineteenth anniversary of American independence, has found a respon sive echo in every American heart. " Gen. Meredith Read's tribute to France on the same occasion has also been widely welcomed. His review of hitherto unknown facts concerning the French branch of the Order of the Cincinnati, founded in 1783 by Washington and his illustrious French companions in arms, has called forth universal interest ; and his declaration that ' after the lapse of more than a century the Order of the Cincinnati is still the emblem of America's grati tude to France, and the abiding proof of the services of France to America,' has met with warm approval. "The American Historical Register, organ of the patriotic societies in the United States, publishes his discourse as. being ' felicitous and appro priate to the day, and of particular historical importance.' " Heath — McLean — Manning. — Can anyone tell me the names of those on the list of passengers in the Mayflower, on the first trip in 1620, who afterwards married into the Heath and McLean families ? Will be very greatly obliged for any records, or personal history concerning them and their surroundings, either before or after coming to America. I should also like to learn for genealogical purposes, all I can of the early Heath family, who came from England about 1632, and were promi nent in New England. Were there any, who came before that year ? Were the fathers of Gen. William Heath, of Roxbury, Mass., and Bartholomew Heath, of Sharon, Conn., brothers, and if so, what were their names, and how many brothers came to this country together ? Information desired of Henry, John and Jacob McLean, three brothers living in Salisbury, Conn., in 1781, and who all served in the Revolution at that time, wish to learn all I can of their immediate families, as well as their ancestry. Notes, Queries and Replies. 435 Will all persons whose ancestors were, Manning, Heath or McLean, please send address and particulars ? I am preparing genealogies of the three families. 104 E. Twenty-ninth St., N. Y. Mrs. Clara H. Manning. Hemphill. — Can anyone give information regarding the descendants of William Hemphill who resided in Philadelphia, also in Lancaster county, Pa., about 1 770- 1 780? This is not the William Hemphill who was asso ciated in business with Robert Ralston in Philadelphia and afterwards in Wilmington, Del. Also, particulars regarding the descendants of Samuel Hemphill (brother of William) who resided in Savannah, Ga., in 1789, and who was First Quartermaster in the 14th Dragoons prior to the Revolu tion. Also, where can any account of the Rev. Samuel Hemphill, Col league of the Rev. Jedidiah Andrews, First Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, be found subsequent to his suspension by the Synod in September, 1735 ? Kingsbridge, New York City. William Hemphill. Dixon. — Will someone inform me where Lieut-Col. Henry Dixon, of the Revolutionary War was born ? What was the name of his paternal ancestor who emigrated to this country, and the year he came ? Col. Dixon entered the army from Caswell county, North Carolina, dis tinguished himself at the battle of Camden, and died in 1782, of wounds received in battle. . . . Tradition says that the family of Col. Dixon was Scotch-Irish. His wife was named Wynn, of Welsh extraction. Frankfort, Ky. Henry C. Dixon. Hutchinson — (Page 278, October, 1895). — In a list of inhabitants of the town of Southold in 1698, are these names: Samuel Hutcheson Eliza beth Hutcheson, Samuel Hutcheson, Jr. Also in the same list further on : Martha Hutcheson ("widow"), Thomas Hutcheson, Mathias Hutcheson, Martha Hutcheson, Jr., page 672, Doc. Hist, of N. Y. Vol. I, O'Callaghan's Papers relating to Long Island. Buffalo, N. Y. Mary E. Bustis. Engle — Wills. — Information wanted in regard to Frederick Engle, his parents and grandparents and where they came from, he married Ann Cloud, daughter of Joseph and Mary Green Cloud. Also of Thomas Wills who married Ann Hunter, daughter of Peter and Jane Hunter, of Ballina- carrick, county of Wicklow, Ireland. He came to this country about 1717. Please give all dates possible. 1528 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Mrs. Edward Siter. Duff. — Are there any persons, now living, known to be descendants of Col. Thomas Duff, of Christiana Hundred, New Castle county, Dela ware (formerly Pennsylvania) ? He lived in a large, brick house on the bank of Christiana creek, on the outskirts of the village of Newport, in Christiana Hundred, and was a large landed proprietor. He was an ensign in the Upper Regiment of New Castle county militia in 1756. During the Revolution he was major in the New Castle county militia in 1776, and colonel 436 The American Historical Register. in 1777. He was sheriff of New Castle county in 1763, 1765, 1769 and 1770. Also commissioned a justice of the peace in 1783 and 1790. In deeds he is styled " Col. Thomas Duff, Esq." In 1761 he was a vestryman of the English Church of St. James, at Stanton Christiana Hundred, and from 1787 to 1808 chairman of the Vestry of St. James, Stanton, and its chapel, St. James, Newport, the latter of which he was largely instrumenta in having built. He is supposed to have died in 1808, and to have been buried in the grave-yard of St. James Church, Stanton. His wife's name was Jane; their children were: (1.) Thomas Duff, Jr.; admitted to the Delaware bar in April, 179 1 ; clerk of the United States District Court of Delaware, 1794-6. (2.) Capt. Henry Duff; ensign in Col. Hall's Dela ware Regiment, November 29, 1776, and served in the same regimen throughout the war, having rank of Captain on disbandment ; an original member of the Delaware State Society of the Cincinnati ; died in New Castle county, May, 1789, supposed unmarried. (3.) Edward Duff; sur geon's mate in Continental Navy, in 1777 ; died in Northampton county, Virginia, 1785 ; unmarried. (4.) Jenny. Information of any descendants of the above family is desired by 120 S. Sixth Street, Philadelphia. Oliver Hough. Foote. — Nathaniel Foote, of Colchester (Conn.), married Ann Clark, of Lebanon (Conn.), July 4, 171 1. She died June 25, 1726. Wanted names of her father and mother. Belvidere, 111. J. C. F. Smith. — Wanted information concerning the ancestors of Melancthoy Smith, the lawyer, whose father was Samuel Smith, of Jamaica, Long Island. 17 W. Eighteenth St., New York City. L. Smith. Brooke. — Can any of your readers tell which son of Richard Brooke, of Smithfield Spottsylvania county, Va., married Miss Aylett and was the father of Humphrey Brooke ? The above-mentioned Richard Brooke, of Smithfield, was the son of Robert Brooke, of Essex county, Va., who was a justice of the peace and also one of the Knights of the Golden Horse Shoe. The information regarding the name of the father of Humphrey Brooke will be most thankfully received. 910 Lombard Street, San Francisco, Cal. J. M. Wright. McLean— (Page 276, October, 1895).— The names of Charles McLean and John McLean appear as signers of a " Petition demanding an investi gation into the Livingston Title," dated January 17, 1795, also the name McLean appears on a " map of the towns of Livingston, Germantown and Clermont, in the county of Columbia and the homesteads thereon, dated 1798. Ancram was a village in the town of Livingston. The McLean place was on Punch creek. Page 834, Doc. Hist, of N. Y. (O'Callaghan) Vol. 3. Buffalo, N. Y. Mary E. Burtis. Notes, Queries and Replies. 437 Missing Records of Christ Church, Philadelphia. — The follow- irg note occurs in the Register of the church : — The vacant spaces left at the conclusion of each year from 1774 to J778 inclusive, are for the insertion of persons married by the Rev. Mr. Combe, when their names can be obtained, he being at present in England, and his register not to be found in this city. Sept. 1, 1779. S. P. Perhaps Mr. Combe's register is still extant in England. If so, and its whereabouts known, reference thereto would be most acceptable. The " S. P." probably stands for Samuel Powel, the patriot Mayor, who was, I think, a vestryman of the church. Philadelphia. C. New York Revolutionary Soldiers' Rolls. — For a century the pay rolls and receipts of members of the New York organizations in the Revolu tionary military forces have been kicked about the comptrollers' office, Albany. William B. Wemple, the voucher clerk in the comptroller's office, had occasion to look up some information regarding an officer in one of the New York militia companies, and the great disorder in which he found these historical vouchers and rolls suggested that some means should be taken to preserve them. He thereupon suggested to Comptroller Roberts that the records of each organization be placed in a volume by themselves ; and be deposited in the State library. Acting upon this suggestion, the comptroller placed the work under Mr. Wemple's charge and appointed Col. Sheppard to carry it out. The first volume was completed recently. The vouchers and pay rolls are, in the main, in an excellent state of preservation. They have been attached to sheets of heavy white paper, making a good-sized volume. Conveying this information : " Third Battalion of the Tryon County Militia, Mohawk District, Col. Frederick Fisher, commanding." The names of the officers and a history of the battle of Johnstown, October 21, 1781, are neatly done in typewriting. The story of the battle of Johnstown was selected because Col. Fisher's command was the only New York organization engaged in it. The ancient pay roll of the men, as well as the receipts, are made out in pounds, shillings and pence. The receipts contain the autographs of the individuals. Allen — Moore. — My husband's mother was named Clarissa Allen. She was born December 6, 1803, and was the daughter of Levi Allen, who was born October 25, 1770. The family believe this Levi Allen to have been one of the sons of Ethan Allen or of one of his brothers. Can this be proven, and if so to whom shall I apply, and what shall I pay for care and trouble of investigation ? My grandfather, Charles Chelton Moore, born December 1, 1789, of " Forest Retreat," Fayette county, Kentucky, who served in the war of 1812, was the son of William Moore, whose father was a " Mr. Moore," who married Charity Coates Adams, widow of Samuel Adams of Virginia. Can I learn whether this " Mr. Moore ' was a descendant of Col. Bernard Moore of "Chelsea," King William county, Va. ? Lida Campbell Grissim Leib. BOOK NEWS. Contents of Historical Magazines. The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (quarterly) for October: Virginia under Gov. Gooch; Will of Benjamin Harrison; Notes on Charles City County Grievances, 1676 ; Letters of William Fitzhugh, 1690, continued; Mayor Robert Beverley and his Descendants; Ab stracts of Virginia Land Patents. Publications of the Rhode Island Historical Society (quarterly) for October : The Proprietors of the Province and their Controversaries with the Freeholders ; the Papers of Maj. -Gen. Nathaniel Greene ; Notes on Land scapes in the Picture Gallery of the Rhode Island Historical Society ; Early Rhode Island Portrait Painters ; The Beginnings of Insurance in the Province; A Look Southward ; The Military Club of 1774; Quality the Pre vailing Element in Representation ; The Family Line of Jabez and Ezekiel Hopkins. The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record, for October : Memoir of Henry E. Pierrepont ; Records of the Reformed Dutch Church, New York City {continued) ; Ancestry of John Hart, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, with a reproduction of his alleged portrait; King's College and Its Earliest Alumni ; Early Marriages Among the Puritans; Notes on the Webb Family; Genealogy of the Van Borsum Family. The American Historical Review (quarterly) for October : — History and Democracy ; The Party of Loyalists in the American Revolution ; The first Castillian Inquisitor ; Count Edward de Crillon ; Western State-making in the Revolutionary Era. William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine, for October : Washington and His Neighbors {continued) ; The Thornton Family; Librarians in Colonial Virginia; The Smiths, of Virginia ; Isle of Wight County ; Burning of New Kent Court House and Prison ; The Thurs ton Family ; Old Tombstones of Charles City ; Descendants of Henry Randolph ; Throckmorton Family ; Journals of the Meetings of the Presi dent and Masters of William and Mary College {continued) ; Historical and Genealogical Notes and Original Letters. Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Phila delphia (quarterly) for September : William Gaston, the First Student of Georgetown College; German Roman Catholic Central Society of the United States ; History of St. Patrick's Church, Carlisle, Pa. The American Catholic Historical Researches, for October: Catholic Recollections of Samuel Breck ; Bishop Kendrick's "Thorny Crown," of Trusteeism ; The Jubilee in Philadelphia, 1830 ; Patrick and Book News. 439 Judy, of Richmond, Va.; Will of Commodore John Barry ; Opposition to Lord Baltimore's Charter ; Explorations of Father Marquette and Others in the Mississippi Valley ; Luke Tiernan, of Baltimore. Miss Frances M. Caulkins' '* History of New London, Conn.,"* has recently been reprinted. It was first printed in 1852 and again, enlarged and revised, in 1866, three years before her death ; so it has long been a stand ard work on Connecticut genealogy and history. It is regretted that the publisher did not supplement Miss Caulkins' work with some chapters con cerning the last thirty-five years of New London's history. Charles Scribner's Sons' series of " Women of Colonial and Revo lutionary Times " is a happy thought of up-to-date publishers in touch with the times and their choice of Mrs. Alice Morse Earle, so well and favorably known in the literature of the periods which the series will tend to eluci date, as the authoress of their first book in it was well made. Mrs. Earle has taken as her subject, "Margaret Winthrop,"f wife of John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts, to whom it was given " to endure in her fifty- six years of life a far wider and deeper range of emotions and experiences than has fallen to the lot of many women. A sheltered girlhood was rudely shocked by the murder of her father. She was parted from her beloved husband by an unknown ocean. . . . She bravely faced and endured that venturous voyage herself, and encountered with courage the fears and hardships of a pioneer life in a strange, savage world. Margaret Winthrop was saddened by the death of her children. She had a life of hard work, of many cares, and she experienced entire loss of fortune ; yet, I think her life was a happy one, for there was one bitter cup she never was forced to taste — that of disgrace ; and in all her sorrows and fears she was cheered and strengthened not only by an inspired religious faith, but by a love such as is the fortune of few women to arouse and retain ; a love so tender, so thoughtful, so sheltering, that it might well prove to her, as her husband said, a symbol of the everlasting love of her Heavenly Father. . . . She was the emblem and personification of one of the purest types of woman hood — the Puritan wife and mother." Mrs. Earle cites a long list of authorities through which she gained her intimacy with Mrs. Winthrop's character and life ; but to the general reader the charm of her carefully studied portrait will be the elaborate background into which she introduces in a chatty way the manners and customs of Puritan times in old and New England and the domestic and social life of the day. The Scribners promise that this initial volume of their "Women of Colonial and Revolutionary Times" will be followed quickly by others de picting early life among the Knickerbockers, the Quakers, the Cavaliers, etc. ?"History of New London, Conn., 1612-1860," by Frances Manwaring Caulkins, with a memoir of the author. Published by H. D. Utley, New London, Conn., 1895. f "Margaret Winthrop," by Alice Morse Earle, with fac-simile reproduction. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Price, $1.25. 440 The. American Historical Register. MacMillan & Co., New York, issued last month the initial numberof their new ' ' quarterly, " entitled The American Historical Review; price,$i .00 per number. As might be expected it is a beautiful piece of typographical workmanship. It contains over 200 pages of reading matter, and is ably edited by Prof. J. Franklin Jameson, of Providence, R. I., assisted by a board of editors : Profs. George B. Adams, Albert B. Hart, H. P. Judson, John B. McMaster, W. M. Sloane and H. M. Stevens. The contents of the October number are mentioned elsewhere. The article that will probably be found the most interesting to our readers is that of Prof. Moses Coit Tyler : " The Party of the Loyalists in the American Revolution." Prof. Tyler tells who the Tories were ; the object of the Loyalist Party ; the difference between a Whig and a Loyalist, and . . . All about the war, And what they killed each other for. Prof. Tyler says : " It was the contention of the American Whigs that the British Parliament could not lawfully tax us, because by so doing it would be violating an ancient maxim of the British Constitution : " No taxation without representation ;" and, therefore, the Revolution. The Pro fessor argues at great length to prove the unjustness of the Revolution from this reason. " Upon that question (of no taxation without representation), which of the two parties was in the right ? Is it now possible to doubt that it was the Tories ?" " The word Independence was merely a euphemism for national dis union. What the Whig leaders resolved to do, under the name of Inde pendence, about the middle of the year 1776, seemed to the American Tories of that time precisely the same political crime as, to the people of the Northern States, seemed the measures taken by certain Southern leaders, in the latter part of i860, under the name of Secession. In short, the Tories took between 1776 and 1783, constitutional grounds similar to that taken by the people of the Northern States between 1861 and 1865, that is, they were champions of national unity, as resting on the paramount authority of the general government." The whole of Prof. Tyler's article should be incorporated in the preamble to the constitution of the proposed Patriotic- Hereditary Society composed of descendants of Loyalists, a plea for which was printed in our issue of March, 1895. "Turning on the Light," is not a well-selected title for "A Dis passionate Survey of President Buchanan's Administration," by Horatio King, an ex-Postmaster-General of the United States,* however, it is a very entertaining work of over 400 pages, since it is filled with reminiscences of the early stages of the civil war by a Cabinet officer, discretely edited by Horatio C. King, Esq. As an inside view of the genesis of the rebellion, the book is one of the best narrations of Mr. Buchanan's administration of the chief executive office of the United States, and " Why was not the Rebellion Crushed at the Start ?" is one of its most entertaining chapters. *" Turning on the Light," by Horatio King, ex-Postmaster-General of the United States. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1895. Insignia of tlje Socictrj of (Colonial EDamcs of America, -fonnocb 1890. American Historical Register DECEMBER, 1895. LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES IN 1824-25.* {Continued from page joy.) 1 , , „ At a quarter past ten Sept. 28, H v 1824. o clock the General, ac companied by Governor Shulze, of Pennsylvania, entered Rush's field, containing fifty- four acres, about a mile and a half from Kensington, on the Frankfort road, " a half a mile beyond the first turn-pike gate," for the purpose of reviewing the troops from Philadelphia and the adjoin ing counties, under the command of General Thomas Cadwalader, to the amount of about six thousand men formed in a hollow square. He rode in the elegant barouche and six which had been provided by the committee to convey him from Morrisville to Philadelphia. His arrival was announced by the acclamations of at least fifty thousand people assembled to witness it, for it was a special holiday known as " Lafayette Day," and by a grand salute of one hundred guns from the artillery under the command of Colonel A. M. Prevost. The barouche drawn by four black horses cbntaining the son of General Lafayette and several other barouches, also entered the square. In a few moments the General descended from his carriage, and was introduced to Major-General Brown, the field officers and others. Attended by the Governor and General Cadwalader on his right, and by Major Gamble, U. S. Marine * From information supplied by members of the Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. This illustrated account of the tour of the Nation's Guest was begun in our issue of July, 1895. 442 The American Historical Register. MRS. ROBERT MORRIS. Corps on his left, General Lafay ette then passed along the whole line of troops on foot, with his hat off, and bowing at almost every step. The bands of music attach ed to the differ ent corps of Vol unteers, play ed a variety of appropriate airs during the re view. A fine corps of mount ed men, under Colonel Darling ton, from Chester, were also reviewed. The General expressed him self highly delighted with the admirable ap pearance and conduct of all the troops. At twelve o'clock they took up the line of march to the city. The military and civic proces sion was formed between twelve and one o'clock, the advance of the lat ter resting on Kensington * From miniature by C. YV. Peale, owned by her descendant, I. C. Van den Heuvel, New York City. CIVIC ARCH IN FOURTH STREET ABOVE ST. TAMMANY. (From U 'a/son's MS. Annals of Philadelphia.) MAJOR-GENERAL JACOB BROWN, U. S. ARMY. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824.-25. 445 bridge. About one o'clock the procession commenced its march, Colonel Swift being chief marshal of the day, his aid being Mr. James S. Skerretts, and assistant marshals : Henry* Shoemaker, Bloomfield Mcllvaine, James Harper, James C. Biddle, Edward S. Coxe, Edward Twells, Edward Ingersoll, Thomas Penrose, Thomas Morrell and Mordecai S. Lewis. Major-General Cad walader and Majors Morris and McCall of his staff, Major Gamble, of the Marine Corps, and the mounted officers of the militia of BRIGADIER-GENERAL ROBERT PATTERSON. 446 The American Historical Register. JUDGE RICHARD PETERS. Copy of original oil Painting by Rembrandt Peale. The original now in possession of Mrs. Richard Peters, Atlanta, Ga. the first divi sion and the neighboring c o u n t i e s , among whom were two or three heroes of the Revo lution, formed the advance of the proces sion. Briga dier- General Robert Pat terson and his staff, suc ceeded at the head of the first division of Pennsylva- nia Volun teers, includ ing a squad ron of Caval- r y , under command of Captain J. R. C. Smith and Lieutenant Van Gelder, Colonel Watmough's battalion of Infantry and the Artillery under Colonel Prevost, and the regiments of Colonels Ladd, Roney, Bastien, McMahon, Strahan, Simmons, Patterson and Browne. After these followed three open carriages, with the members of the Committee of Arrangements. Then came the welcome guest of the nation, accompanied by the venerable Judge Richard Peters, a patriot of the Revolution, the secretary and soul of the war office, in a splendid barouche and six, with the ist County and 1st City Troops as a bodyguard,* succeeded *On September 26 the 1st City Troop went to Holmesburg and was joined by the 2d City Troop, and Ist and 3d County Troops, the whole under command of Captain J. R. C. Smith. They were joined at Morrisville by the 2d County Troop and the Bucks County Troop, and were with Lafayette as escort to Frankfort. Lafayette visited Frankfort in the morning and was received by Isaac Worrell, town clerk. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 447 by Governor Shulze, his aids, and the adjutant- general of Penn sylvania, in a barouche and four, the son and secretary of Lafay ette in another barouche, and General Brown, U. S. Army, and Governor Williamson, of New Jersey, in their carriages. In the rear of these were the troops of Cavalry and the Infantry. Among them two troops of Norristown Cavalry, Captains MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS CADWALADER. The American Historical Register. Holstein and Mat thews ; Chester County Cavalry, Cap tain Harris; 1st and 3d Infantry regiments, Lieutenant -Colonel Geyer and Colonel p J. G. Prevost; Cap tain Beck's Cavalry; 3d County Troop ; Peter's Cumberland County (N. J.) Troop; Salem Troop ; a bat talion of Riflemen, Major Badger ; East on battalion, Colonel Wagner; 1st and 2d County regiments, Colonel Duffield and Colonel Riter and the Lancaster Infantry, Captains Hambright and Reynolds. Then commenced the civic part of the proces sion, at the head of which was Chief Marshal Swift. At the head of each division was a workshop, in which were workmen at their employments ; a banner accompanied each of these workshops, containing portraits of Washington and Lafa yette, with this inscription, " To their wisdom and courage we owe the free exercise of our industry.1' The printers were the most remarkable among all these mechanics. Over a press which they had in operation in the open street, was the following inscrip tion, " Liberty of the Press, the surest guarantee of the rights of Man." From this press, an ode to Lafayette, written by James N. Barker, was thrown into the carriages, and among the crowd as they passed. After the mechanics, followed the public schools, the masters and scholars all being decorated with a ribband bearing a portrait of the General and the motto " Welcome Lafayette." Following were the Red Men of the State, the Lafayette Association, the True Republican Society, Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824.-25. 449 the Washington and Lafayette Society and the German-American Society. One hundred and twenty surviving soldiers of the Revolution seated in four successive large open cars, resembling tents, with appropriate, mottoes and devices, followed the Chief Marshal and were loudly cheered as they passed. They were followed by the 2d brigade of Volunteers, under General Castor and Colonels Fraley, Brewster, Riter, Taylor, Pluck, Thompson, Hergesheimer, Carr and Duffield, the Montgomery and other Volunteers from the neighboring counties. In every square along which the procession moved from Kensington to the State House, scaffoldings were erected with seats on them, and they were filled with spectators, chiefly females, to welcome Lafayette to the city. The windows of the houses along the route were CIVIC ARCH IN CHESTNUT STREET AT INDEPENDENCE HALL. {From Watson's MS. Annals of Philadelphia.) 450 The American Historical Register. thrown open, and ladies in them joined in the applause as the General passed along. The ven erable hero rode with his hat in his hand and was constantly bowing in acknowledgment of these testimonials of gratitude and esteem. When the General crossed the city line the event was announced by a salute from the U. S. frigate, John Adams. The crowd now became immense and the shouts were ten times redoubled. The commissioners of the Northern Liberties, and the Committee of Ar rangement of that district, assembled at the civic arch in Fourth street above Tammany, on a stage prepared for the occa sion, where the barouche stopped and General Lafayette was welcomed by Daniel Groves, Esq., the president of the corpora tion, and an address presented to him in behalf of the district. At an arch at the corner of Fourth and Vine streets two stages were erected, on one of which were arranged twenty-four youths, and on the other twenty-four young girls, dressed in white, with garlands of flowers. As the General approached, they welcomed him with an appropriate song of praise. On passing the Bank of the United States, where the surviving offi cers of the Revolution and the Marine Corps were assembled, the General stopped the barouche and stood up and made a short but affectionate address to his former companions. The decorations upon all the buildings and the thirteen arches were extremely beautiful, and evinced ingenuity and ardent patriotism — all were devoted to Lafayette, the hero, the philanthropist, the friend of America, of freedom and mankind. JUDGE JOHN B. GIBSON. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 18 24.-25. 45 1 The civic arch, which crossed Chestnut street in front of Independence Hall was constructed of frame work covered with canvas, and painted in perfect imitation of stone. It was de signed by Mr. Strickland and executed under the direction of Messrs. Warren, Darley and Jefferson of the Chestnut Street Theatre. More than six hours were consumed in proceeding from Frankfort to the State House where the General arrived at five o'clock. The line of march having been down Fourth street to Arch street, to Eleventh street, to Chestnut street, to Eighth street, to Spruce street, to Second street, to Chestnut street, up to the grand civic arch in front of the State House. His arrival was announced by another salute from the John Adams, which had dropped down to Chestnut street wharf. Previous to this the military were drawn up in two lines on Chestnut street facing inwards. "As the veteran passed between these lines, and descended from his barouche, and was conducted under the civic arch into Independence Hall, the shouts of the immense mul titude collected about this spot, the waving of hats by the crowd that filled the side space in front of the State House, and of handkerchiefs from the thronging balconies, galleries and windows, resplendent with beauty, gave an animation to the scene which cannot be easily described." A fine band of music played the appropriate air, " See the Conquering Hero Comes," as he alighted and passed along the covered way, and through the main door of entrance intol the vestibule. He several times stopped to bow in various directions to the friends who surrounded him on every side.; After the General had been conducted by the committee into the room opposite Inde pendence Hall, the procession moved on. The proper arrange-; ment having been made, the General was ushered into the hall, and led to the statue of] Washington, when Mayor mayor joseph watson. 452 The American Historical Register. Watson delivered an eloquent address, to which address the General replied : My entrance through this fair and great city, amidst the most solemn and affect ing recollections, and under all circumstances of a welcome which no expression could adequately acknowledge, has excited emotions in my heart, in which are mingled the feeling of nearly fifty years. Here, sir, within these sacred walls, by a council of wise and devoted patriots, and in a style worthy of the deed itself, was boldly declared the independence of these vast United States, which, while it anticipated the independence, and, I hope, the republican independence of the whole American hemisphere, has begun, for the civilized world, the era of a new and of the only true social order founded on the unalienable rights of man, the practicability and advantages of which are every day admirably demonstrated by the happiness and prosperity of your populous city. Here, sir, was planned the formation of our virtuous, brave, Revolutionary army, and the Providential inspiration received, that gave the command of it to our beloved, matchless Washington. But these and many other remembrances, are mingled with a deep regret for the numerous contemporaries, for the great and good men, whose loss we have remained to mourn. It is to their services, sir, to your re gard for their memory, to your knowledge of the friendships I have enjoyed, that I refer the greater part of the honors here and elsewhere received, much superior to my individual merit. It is also under the auspices of their venerated names, as well as under the im pulse of my own sentiments, that I beg you, Mr. Mayor, you gentlemen, of both councils, and all the citizens of Philadelphia, to accept the tribute of my affectionate respect and profound gratitude. After this address many of the company were individually presented, the suite of the Governor, Judges Tilghman, Gibson, Duncan and Bushrod Washington; the Cincinnati; and the presidents of councils by the Mayor ; the councils by their re spective presidents; the alderman by the Recorder; and the citizens and guests by Joseph S. Lewis, Esq., of the committee of councils. One of the first to come forward was Colonel Forrest, an old friend of Lafayette. These two old gentlemen embraced and kissed and shed tears of joy. Another old man to greet him was Thomas McGee, of Holmesburg, who was a pri vate at Yorktown and assisted Lafayette into the cannon-port of the redoubt. The General was conducted at five P. M. through the State House yard to Walnut street and placed in his barouche, and was escorted by the ist Troop, Lieutenant Simmons; Washington Grays, Captain Childs; Lafayette Grays, Captain Bilington, and three companies from Colonel Geyer's regiment, all under Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 45 3 command of Colonel Williams, to the Mansion House, on Third street, above Spruce, where he resided while in the city. " At night the city was in a blaze of light, with splendid transparencies in many of the streets. Many of the wealthy citizens arrayed their windows with beautiful ornaments of marble and alabaster, and decorated them in a charming manner with flowers of various hues and lamps of gorgeous colors. The United States Bank was a perfect anomaly in illumination." After a brief rest the General went in his carriage to call upon Mrs. Robert Morris, the widow of the financier of the Revolution, who then resided on south side of Chestnut street, above Tenth, No. 282, and after presumably a pleasant visit he returned to the Mansion House, or Washington Hall and Hotel, where he attended a banquet given in his honor by about seventy gentlemen, which was kept up to a late hour. C. H. B. (To be continued!) Thomas Boude, captain of 3d company, First Regiment Pennsylvania Line, and his wife, Amelia, from silhouettes owned by Miss E. B. Whitehill, Lancaster, Pa. 454 The American Historical Register. MONTHLY RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, Officers Present Fit for Duty Commissioned. Staff. Non-Commis'd. c c/i ci -n c n rt In BB C utn u fcuo CO a T3 C a Companies. "3 c o "oU o O ¦ — J o O 1 Vao ~oU 1 3 o 'c? tnC3 *j D.rt U I cs rt cV 3 V 3 tn C bBtne W a a < to rte>.rt Oh rt 6J-. 4) V.rt 3 ex c 0w>J- 3 1X1 rt it* V CO utnciB 'cT % Bau a 0if wi ^. C rtuho CO 3 tnuVBB3u Q 1 I 7. 2 2 I ! 1 1 1 1 2 Bankson I 3 1 I I i 2 2 I5 5 I 1 2 1 I1 I il I 1 i1 1 1I14 9 a -a Sick, present . . . i 1 8 Sick, absent . . . 2 1 c e On duty, present . . i 1 3 •2 " On command . . . 2 7 19 2 H-rt On extra service . . 3 H= Absent with leave . I I 2 O On the staff . . . I 3 Total II I i i I I 4 99 H '919 22 1 1 1 II II I 11 1 1 1 1 11 35 3 !|49 12 Vacant 1 45 6 Establishment 18 Fit for Action. 1 17 9 Absent Officers. Names. Col. Brodhead Capt. Bankson Lieut. Butler . Lieut. Miligan . Lieut. Moore . . Lieut. McCallum Lieut. Dinny . Lieut. Hammond By whose leave. Places Where. Gen. Greene L.-Col. Harmar Gen. Greene Penna. Charlest'n Reasons. Furlough Command Time of Absence. Gen. Gist Capt. Boude and his Company detached to Pennsylvania, June 5th. Capt. Irvine " '* " May 7th k <> June 24th May 23d June 24th The American Historical Register. 455 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, CAMP JAMES ISLAND, JUNE 27th, 1783. Rank and File. Present. 4-1 3 Q In 2327 20 2326 2426 169 50 Sick. Oh I 3 4 5 56 5 54 7 44 143 ¦a boa3 (n C O 52 49 5i55 63 59 62 56 65 512 Want g Alterations Since plete. Last Return. c/i Joined. •£ c/i In firt uS firt •rt -*-» C T3 r 1-1 ti rt - Ba >H firt T3 ci tnV fi rt bO a'a Ci rt ^ u 04 W O H to (0,04 I 16 !9 6 13 I 1713 77 I 5 I 9 4 I 6 12 1 6 I I 3 1 6 100 1 44 I PennsylvaniaCamden . . . N. Carolina . Philadelphia . Wappoo Cut Safe Guards . Charlestown . Genl. Hospital C. Fishbourne Lieut. Miligan Boatmen . . Q'M. General 42 1 1 no 10 11 6 11 1 2 1 44 '43 10 Wagoners. Waiters. Asst. Clothier. tS o 219 219 Charlestown Philadelphia Wappoo Cut Safe Guards . Sick, Penna. Taylor . . . Shoemaker . Total 24! 3 Sergeants DeHart, Carney and Fanning deserted since last monthly return. 456 The American Historical Register. MONTHLY RETURN OF THE FIRST COMMANDED BY LIEUT.-COL. HARMAR, Total a o c . ° c 2 » S «> °-2 o Sick, present . . Sick, absent . . . On Duty, present On Command . . On Extra Service Absent with Leave On the Staff . . . Officers Present Fit for Duty. Commissioned. Staff. Non-Commis'd n •B. O*!to & ?5 '3 Total . Total Officers . Vacant Establishment II I I il I II 2 99 8 '919 22 11 1 1 11 1 1 1i 11 1 1 !1i 1 1]1 1 22 47 45 The American Historical Register. 457 PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, PHILADELPHIA BARRACKS, JULY 31, 1783. Rank and File. Want'g to Com plete. Alterations Since Last Return. Present. Sick. tn Joined. t/i >* T3 firt >u V CO bo ET-l E •rt d 1- •rt E¦rt E 3 Q 3 a c -M cV(AV -*-J Cen cs0 u fi ci1H +H X w fi a In fi V fi tfi fi0 "rt 0 tnfirt£? crtens 3s- crtc -0 X W D s ¦6 VtnV £ .13 .1 - 5 s ¦rt 4) u 3 •rt u tnCrtVbp atn *s 3)H •rt crtcrt E 0 Oh' CrtCV3 3 IO 2 5 17 uiCbp ' tnC W ii 4-. c iS 3 -rt1< I I V — tn ciB >.rt Oh I I £ tnrt6u S u o* I i coV 6?3 CO I V uo •rt1 4-1 crt u £? to I +-I fi rei> 6? to i- V to rtCl-l i o ¦? E Q ii u o E i 4H crt0)bo»H to26 12 2 II t/i Jy*¦*-¦E•rt crttn "e 3 Q 13 2 1 s firt ¦M Srt Oh Present, fit for duty . Sick, present .... Sick, absent On command .... On furlough Prisoners 312 133 22 6 23 2 Wanting to complete . il I i ', 2 1 114 Establishment .... il I I! I 1I47I18 612 tnrt 0 Vu 05- > 0 Vtn c/i 4J fi l/l in> tnO tn tn > O tnrt0 r ) O U £ £ £ O O CO rt 3" J3 •CO 0 0 Xto rt X O CO S to In use . . Deficient . 564 93 564 117 564 "5 564 91 564 771 564102 564 170 1128 92 564 747 564 99 564 8q 3«5 3»5 u tn CO }H w •rt fi0 H Q E en w >- rt U 495 482 454 33i 367 113 977 IO IO 5 9 18 vO 1-1 p-> ¦i i-1 CI M ^o i" 73 — }H V fi U H *a Q 1) 5 tn 4) c*H3 a a B 8 z c0 In •u rt Z 0 fi V O >H H en en Sh" X,-H rt>H V fi 4H c3O U u rt _C "0 urt U c0 bo fia "rt 4H O H tn0 7373 en .CD •3 O > ci X Hi U W O Oh > M U 73 B JD E CD iv B rt CD CO tn rt fn T-i 73 (n 3 a u 3 4H fi BB0 u 3 O TI 3 73 CDB tnBrt Ih CDfi 73 c rt 73 CD CD — iMHh 73 enCrt Crten 73 crt •a fi CDen V 0)en u b W fi tn B tfi B0 rtO CJbO lH fi3 firt 73 rtCD en ^ Sick, present .... 7 1 S. a P V O 4H~ Sick, absent .... On Duty, present . . O B On Command .... 1 *h en 0 Absent with Leave . T 1 1 6 II i 31 1? On Extra Service . . 1 On the Staff .... I 1 1 3 S9 Total 6'i4 1 I Ii 13 Total Officers l| I 1 9I20 II 1 1 il I | il I i 148 16 1 1 I '! i !i 1 i2 I 1 1 9 20 1 *l I 1 1 I ij Jl «! 18 The American Historical Register. PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT OF FOOT, PHILADELPHIA BARRACKS, SEPTEMBER 30, 1783. 463 Rank and File. Want'g to Com plete. Alterations Since Last Return. Present. Sick. 13 firte e0 u fi 0 CD*O "> u CD CO ci >H w fi 0 •s. a0 Th1 3 (n B O 13 CD E tfi C O u tn H 0 en B rtCDboJhCD enJh <4HE 73 B rtenJh CD fis3 j~ P 2 jiE-a Brt h* firt 04 91 •d rtCD P •rt u cd tn ID P 2 •rt CD JhJh iIUU-, en Brt Jh H 2 73 VOe0 Ph Joined. 4-» 3 P u 3 E 3 P fi O 4H fiCDtnCDJh Oh fi in 3 int- E rt Brten 'fi J- P _CDE73 C a B rt Oh 8 enCrt CD bO CD to 48 18 24 12 IO 408 1 521 N. B. — The two rank and file returned the last return in mistake. transferred" were entered in THE REGULATORS OF NORTH CAROLINA. BY W. H. BAILEY, SR., LL. D. {Continued from page 334.) On March 13, 1770, Judge Maurice Moore writes the Gov ernor, from Salisbury, that the Sheriffs complain heavily of opposition to the execution of their office by the people who call themselves Regulators ; that he is informed that taxes and debts cannot be collected ; which, he adds, is a plain proof (amongst many others) that their designs have ever extended furtherthan to promote a public inquiry into the conduct of officers. This is an evil, sir ( tho cog nizable in the Courts of Law), no civil process can remedy — the reason is obvious — none such can be executed among them. He adds that the Legislature will have to interfere.1 His Excellency issued a proclamation (March, 1 770) command ing the Sheriff to pursue all lawful means to enforce a due exe cution of the law and requiring all who have been resisted to appear at the next meeting of the General Assembly.2 In a letter to the Earl of Hillsborough, His Excellency says that the restlessness of the inhabitants of Rowan and Orange is, in some measure, attributable to the closing of Earl Granville's law office.3 The Sheriffs are (August, 1770) still resisted in collect ing taxes.4 The circumstance, though, which froze all sympathy for the Regulators and united all good men against them was what transpired at the September term, 1770, of Orange Superior Court. Only one judge (Richard Henderson) appeared. Several persons styling themselves Regulators assembled together in the court yard under the conduct of Harmon Husbands, James Hunter, Rednap Howell, Wil liam Butler, Samuel Devinney and many others insulted some of the gentlemen of the bar and in a violent manner went into the court-house and forcibly carried out some of the attorneys and in a cruel manner beat them. They then insisted that the Judge should proceed to a trial of their leaders who had been indicted at a former Court and that the jury should be taken out of their party. Therefore the Judge finding it im possible to proceed with honor to himself and justice to the country adjourned the Court till to-morrow morning 10 o'clock and took advantage of the night and made his escape and the Court adjourned to court in course.6 This is an extract from the minutes of the court docket, Judge Henderson's letter to the Governor (dated September 29, 1 Col. Rec, 178. *Lb. 193. * Lb. 195. * Lb. 227. « .«. 235. The Regulators of North Carolina. 465 1770) giving his version of the transaction is, at last, before us.1 The Judge says, that, early in the morning of the 24th the town was filled with a great number of Regulators shouting, etc.; that so soon as the Court opened the house filled as close as one man could stand by another, some with clubs, others with whips and switches, few or none without some weapon. When the house had become so crowded that no more could well get in,2 one of them (whose name I think is called Fields) came forward and told me he had something to say before I proceeded to business. The accounts I had previously received together with the man ner and appearance of these men and the abruptness of their address rendered my situation extremely uneasy. Upon my informing Fields that he might speak on he proceeded to let me know that he spoke for the whole body of people called Regula tors. That they understood that I would not try their causes and their determination was to have them tried for they had come down to see justice done and justice they would have and if I would proceed to try those causes it might prevent much mischief. They also charged the Court with injustice at the preceding term and objected to the jurors appointed by the Inferior Court and said they would have them altered and others appointed in their room, etc. Thus I found myself under a necessity of attempting to soften and turn away the fury of this mad people in the best manner in my power, and as much as could well be, pacify their rage and at the same time preserve the little remaining dignity of the Court. The consequence of which was that after spending upwards of half hour in this disagreeable situation the mob cried out " retire, retire and let the Court go on." Upon which most of the Regulators went out and seemed to be in consultation in a party by themselves. The little hopes of peace derived from this piece of behavior were very transient, 1 Col. Rec. 241. 2 The Court House at that time was more calculated to accommodate hogs below and rats above than men between. It was a one-story log house about thirty feet by twenty-five ; about ten feet of the rear or west end was portioned off into two rooms ; so the crowd in the Court House and on the steps front and rear could not well have exceeded two hundred and Judge Henderson, who from his seat could only see those inside, estimates that they, at first, amounted to about one hundred and fifty. The writer has often seen and been inside of that old Court House. He heard Louis D. Henry make a speech from the front steps in 1842. 466 The American Historical Register. for in a few minutes Mr. Williams 1 an attorney of that Court was coming in and had advanced near the door when they fell on him in a most furious manner with clubs and sticks of enor mous size and it was with great difficulty he saved his life by taking shelter in a neighboring store-house. Mr. [Colonel] Fan ning was next the object of their fury, him they seized and took with a degree of violence not to be described from off the bench where he had retired for protection and assistance and with hideous shouts of barbarian cruelty dragged him by the heels out of doors whilst others engaged in dealing out blows with such violence that I made no doubt his life would instantly become a sacrifice to their rage and madness. However, Mr. Fanning by a manly exertion miraculously broke holt and fortunately jumped into a door that saved him from immediate dissolution. During the uproar several of them told me with oaths of great bitterness that my turn should be next.2 I will not deny that in this frightful affair my thoughts were much engaged on my own pro tection but it was not long before James Hunter and some other of their chieftains came and told me not to be uneasy for that no man should hurt me on proviso that I would sit and hold Court to the end of the term I took advantage of this proposal and made no scruple at promising what was not in my intention to perform for the terms that they would admit me to hold court on were that no lawyer, the King's Attorney excepted, should be admitted into court and that they would stay and see justice impartially done. It would be impertinent to trouble your Excellency with many circumstances that occurred in this 1 The writer has heard, traditionally, that there were ttoo "John Williams;" one living at Hillsborough called " London John " because he came as a Barrister from England— the other John, afterwards, became Judge but then lived in Gran ville. The docket in giving the Attorneys' names gives only, quoad hoc, W, whereas had two Williams then practiced it would seem that there would have been employed some further differentiating mark. As tending to sustain the view that the lawyer whipped was " London John," in No. 3 of Docket a suit appears in which he was, presumably, the plaintiff, as the title of Esq. is added to his name ; the entry of the Regulators indicates a bitter feeling towards Mr. Williams. 1 Ralph McNair, a highly respectable and intelligent gentleman, although he became a loyalist during the war that followed soon after, in his deposition of Octo ber 9, 1770, states "that the Regulators were armed with cudgels and cowskin whips, wherewith they struck John Williams, Esq., an attorney and attempted to strike Judge Henderson, while in the act of moderating their fury." The Regulators of North Carolina. 467 barbarous riot. Messrs. Thomas Hart,1 Alexander Martin2 Michael Holt,3 John Litterell (clerk of the Crown) and many others were severely whipped. Colonel Gray, Major Lloyd,4 Mr. Francis Nash,6 John Cook, Tyree Harris6 and sundry other persons timorously made their escape or would have shared the same fate . . . they conducted me with great parade to my lodgings ... at about ten o'clock that evening I took an opportunity of making my escape by a back way." The Judge states the foregoing as of his own knowledge. His Honor describes, ex relatione, the horrible outrage committed by the rioters and he concludes, " I made every effort in my power consistent with my office and the duty the public is entitled to claim to preserve peace and good order, but as all attempts of that kind were ineffectual, thought it more advisable to break up court than sit and be made a mock judge for the sport and entertainment of those abandoned wretches."7* It is proper to recur to a petition addressed to the Chief and Associate Judges of the Court which was presented to Judge Henderson on Satur day the 22d, signed by 174 Regulators. The complaints therein set forth may be summarized as follows : 1. That unlawful fees are extorted amongst other unstated grievances ; 2. That the Judges, Attorney-General and lawyers had pledged their " oaths " that the petitioners should be redressed but had failed to keep them ; 3. That although officers have been convicted they had not got their money back ; 4. That prejudiced jurors are selected, but admit that the jurors were chosen according to law in one sense, but not fairly ; 1 Had been sheriff ; a first-class man. Senator Benton was named for him. !Dr. Caruthers' "Regulator;" perhaps the Doctor, if alive, would say that this whipping made him one. He was, afterwards, governor of the State. ' Ancestor of the excellent family of Holts of whom one was our governor. 4 A sheriff. 5 The hero of Brandywine — Gen. Nash. 6 Then or who had been sheriff of the county. 7 Col. Rec, 244. * Dr. Caruthers would seem to have desired such a spectacle as he sneers at the Judge's morality in breaking his promise, but he, unfortunately for his memory in this respect, differs with all the casuists. 468 The American Historical Register. 5. That the exaction by the officers of an illegal tax was " one immediate cause of the rise of the mob ; " 6. That such action tended to the ruin of the people ; 7. That the two persons indicted for perjury in their tes timony delivered on the indictments for extortion are innocent and honest and that the witnesses against them are corrupt ; 8. That extortioners and exactors of taxes are no better than thieves, and that they who espouse their cause knowingly are, as to numbers, inconsiderably small ; 9. That they carried the election for vestrymen twenty to one ; 1 , 10. That the only crime chargeable against them is the virtue to risk their all to save the country from rapine and slavery in " our detecting of practices which the law itself allows to be worse than open robbery ;" 11. That not " one in a hundred or thousand of us have broke one law in this our struggle for only common justice ;' 12. They then ask for unprejudiced juries; that all extor tionate officers be brought to fair trial ; that collectors of the public moneys may be called to a proper settlement of their accounts ; that, failing this, they may have some security for their property ; 13. They aver that they " can see plainly that we shall not be able to live under such oppressions, and to what extremities this rnust drive us you can as well judge of as we can ourselves, we having no other determination but to be redressed, and that to be in a legal and lawful way." 14. They conclude in asking for justice.2 Well, the next morning, the 25th, the Regulators assembled in the Court House, appointed a judge and clerk and proceeded to the despatch of business. Full justice cannot be done to this episode without printing the docket exactly as it stood when they met, and, as it appeared after they made their entries. To this end what is known as " The Regulators' Docket " is published from 8. Col. Rec. 236^ seq. as an appendix3 Their vulgar, pro- 1 This shows that they did not belong, as a class, to the dissenting denominations. 2 Col. Rec. 231-235. s Dr. Caruthers, a divine, read these entries and yet apologizes for them ; he says that their decisions were ridiculous ; but that they appear to have intended the whole proceedings as a farce (Life of Caldwell, 133), but he seems ashamed to print The Regulators of North Carolina. 469 fane and blasphemous entries destroy, beyond peradventure, the argument in favor of these Regulators having been a religious people. The Presbyterian ministers deny them as Presbyterians as we have seen. Rev. Morgan Edwards, a Baptist divine, who made a tour of the province in 1772 and then gathered the data from which he published his history of the Baptists in North Carolina, states that " Governor Tryon is said to have repre sented ' the Regulators as a faction of Quakers and Baptists who aimed at overthrowing the Church of England.' If the Governor said, as here suggested, he must be misinformed, for I have made it my business to inquire into the matter and can aver that among 4000 Regulators there were but seven of the denomi nation of Baptists ; and these were expelled," etc.1 There were very few, if any, Quakers, then residing in the disaffected belt. The Lutherans were, then, en rapport with the Church of England and the Moravians, for refusing to join the Regulators, were threatened several times by them with the destruction of their settlements.2 There were no Methodists, then, of any con sequence.3 Dr. Caruthers, fresh from reading their blasphemous entries, declares that " a people who have been religiously edu- it. The only justification for doing so is that it sheds a lurid flame on the truth of history which the learned divine was endeavoring to pervert. Notwithstanding, that according to Dr. C , the entries such as " damn'd rogues,," " Ferrell has gone Hellward," " damned shame," "file it and be damned," "damned roguery," etc., are a mere matter of facetiousness, even to a minister of the Gospel, to which we can only politely say, de gustibus non est disputandum : the Doctor did not read through the lines. He didn't observe the sneer conveyed in one entry against his own Church, namely, " the elect pay cost ; " nor did he appreciate the full force of the judgments themselves, how they invariably decided in favor of Regulators not even allowing judgments by default to stand in their way. 1 Col. Rec 655. 2 5. Col. Rec. 1155. 3 It is true that Husbands in his " Book " says, speaking of the Governor, " it was said he represented us as a faction of Quakers and Baptists, who aimed to overset the Church of England, etc. This caused us to view ourselves, when we found our body to consist promiscuously of all sects, and the men we put most trust in were of the Church of England commumion." (2. Wheel. Hist. 315.) The reader can give such credence as he may think proper to the utterances of such a man as Husbands. The author thinks his statements should be taken cum grano salis. We know that he was concerned in the Whiskey Insurrection and was arrested therefor and carried to Philadelphia. 470 The American Historical Register. cated, as a majority of the Regulators had been \i. e., as Pres byterians], and who have been taught to regard the Bible as a revelation from heaven, are not apt to rise at once "... they must satisfy "their own consciences," etc., "this is just what we find in the men whose principles and conduct are now under consideration."1 This learned divine in reciting the tying of sheriffs to trees and whipping them seems to roll the inci dent, as a sweet morsel, under his tongue ; he perpetrates a pungent epigram in saying that the sheriffs were " married to a black-jack " and recites, with evident unction, that the Regu lators '' gave them a sound dressing and then laughed to see them hug their bride while undergoing the operation."2 He says in another place that the officers "were well 'lynched.'"3 Speaking of the court riot, this learned divine admits that " some of the participants no doubt under the influence of spirits, did many things which the better part of them disapproved . . . though no worse than the numberless injuries of a similar kind inflicted by the Whigs during the Revolutionary War."4 Where did this zealous defender of mob-violence gather the foundation for either of these three propositions ? He might have confined his apology to the influence of whiskey; but, why this uncalled for fling at the Whigs of the Revolution? If he had directed his simile to the conduct of David Fanning's Tories (many of whom were recruited from the Regulators) he would have been nearer the mark.- To give to this book its proper weight and to show that Dr. Caruthers was so far captured by the fireside talk of old men as to refrain from " drinking deep " of the Pierian spring of undoubted historical facts, he even classes his hero (and a grand one he was) as also Judge Maurice Moore and Colonel (afterwards Governor) Alexander Martin as Regulators, at least, in sympathy; whereas, it has been demonstrated and further evidence will be given that all of these men were their firm opponents. He declares, in the teeth of the statement of the four Presbyterian ministers, ante, that " a large proportion of the men in his [Dr. Caldwell's] con gregations were Regulators."5 Who were better circumstanced 1 Life of Caldwell, 115. 2 lb. 130. 3 Lb. 131. « Lb. 132. 5 Ib I4g The Regulators of North Carolina. 47 1 to know the truth— -four men of God speaking from contem poraneous knowledge or one, equally respectable, relying mainly upon the myth of heresay?1 The learned biographer forgets when the long-roll of history recalls the battle that eventu ally ensued, that, at such an awful moment, instead of, in silent prayer, committing their " glorious " cause as well as themselves to the God of Battles as a true Presbyterian would have done, these Regulators forgot and failed to suppress their war-cry (so inconsistent with the character of good Presbyterians) of " fire and be d — n'd."2 It sounds like an echo of those " funny" entries made on the docket preserved, in perpetuam rei memoriam, at Hillsborough for the impartial historian. Dr. Caruthers, in his over-wrought zeal for the hapless quondam Regulator, even apologizes for their becoming Tories in our Revolution and declares that a large proportion of these Tories " were as con scientious and good men as any in the country."3 He admits, though, that " a majority of those who actually took up arms against the go eminent perhaps did become Tories."4 Much harm has been done to the truth of history by this book proceed ing, as it did, from so distinguished and pious a divine. It is but a crude production ; its data, as we have shown, is unreliable, and of course, truth cannot be evolved from false premises. But an exposition of its inaccuracies is deemed proper as up to this date it is received by many as containing the exact truth. Let us pass from the eloquent fancy sketches of the advocate and return to that " hard-pan " — the Colonial Records. (To be continued!) 1 Rev. Mr. Foote also falls into the same egregious blunders (Foote, sketches 66, 237). So does Rev. Dr. Hawks (Revo. Hist. N. C. 32, Cooke). Rev. Foote has the temerity to insinuate that the Regulators were the "first" people of the country (Foote, sketches 65). To show the unreliability of this interesting but (unlike Dr. Caruthers) didactic writer, he states that Tryon visited, without attendants, the insur rectionary belt in July, 1768, but afterwards came with an army (Lb. 48). Whereas this army was mustered sometime after Tryon reached Hillsborough and only because he was credibly informed that the insurgents were marching upon the town (7. Col. Rec. 819, 820). 2 Life of Caldwell 152. 3 Lb. 169. 4 Lb. 170. COLONIAL PATRIOTISM IN SONG. BY JAMES L. ONDERDONK. Among nearly all nations the ballad in some form has em bodied the earliest attempts at a literature. As the songs of the people, rather than of the cultured classes, the ballads form the best reflex of current sentiment and feeling. Percy's " Reliques" and Scott's " Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border " afford the groundwork for some of the most brilliant pages of romance. The conditions existing in the American colonies offered excellent background for this species of literature. The ob stacles with which the settlers had to contend; the dangers every where lurking about them ; the superstitions and traditions of the race that was fading before them ; the episodes arising out of the witchcraft delusion ; the spirit of liberty breathed by every utterance of nature; the gigantic struggle between European forces echoed in the American wilderness — these and many other striking incidents afforded abundant opportunity for the inspiration of folk-songs and martial poetry. That there were homely songs and ballads inspired by local events, sung at every hearthstone and around every campfire, keeping alive the spirit of martial courage and patriotism, there is now no doubt. The bulk of these perished with the occasions that inspired them. Even the " infectious frenzy of psalm-singing " among the Puri tans did not altogether blight the impulses of loyalty. Nothing better illustrates the temper of the colonists than the spirit of song, not always the most tuneful, perhaps, but breathing the sentiment of loyalty, even amid wrongs and injustice, as long as that loyalty meant something more than the sacrifice of honor and freedom. In that class of literature, which occupies in our early history a position somewhat analogous to that of the ballad in other nations, we shall find nothing approaching " the pictu resque energy and simple pathos" of the early Scotch and Eng lish ballads, like "Chevy Chase," "The Nut Brown Maid," " Sir Patrick Spens," or "The Gaberlunzie Man." Instead we shall have to content ourselves with such crude effusions as " Love- well's Fight," tributes to General Wolfe, laments for ill-fated Colonial Patriotism in Song. 473 Braddock, and the anti-Gallic utterances of Tilden, Maylem, Prime, and others. These are referred to not because of any poetic merits, whatever, but as indicating the growth of popular sentiment as it found expression in the songs of the people. The region about Lovewell's, or Lovell's Pond, near Frye- burg, Maine, has some pretensions as classic ground for the student of American literature. Near it, in 1725, was fought a bloody skirmish between colonists and Indians, resulting in the loss of Captain Loveli and a number of his followers, all sub stantial men in the settlements. A brilliant victory was achieved though the Indians greatly excelled in numbers. It was this "battle" that inspired the earliest military ballad composed in America now extant. It was written shortly after the fight itself, though its authorship is unknown. It is said to have been exceedingly popular in its day, and in recent times has been reprinted probably more than any other poem written before the Revolution. It must be admitted that in its lines the Christians do not always display the most exalted standard of civilized war fare. The opening stanzas describe the efforts of the company to capture a solitary Indian. Having successfully surrounded this one hostile savage, They came unto this Indian, who did them thus defy, As soon as they came nigh him two guns he did let fly, Which wounded Captain Lovewell, and likewise one man more, But when this rogue was running, they laid him in his gore. Then having scalp'd the Indian, they went back to the spot, etc. A good description, in the main historically correct, is given of the fight that ensued, the balladist informing us : Our worthy Captain Lovewell among them then did die, They kill'd Lieutenant Robins, and wounded good young Frye, Who was our English chaplain ; he many Indians slew, And some of them he scalped when bullets round him flew. Those were rude times, and it was not considered incon sistent with clerical dignity for ministers of the Gospel to give practical aid in exterminating the heathen. The Rev. Thomas Symmes published an account of the affair as detailed by the survivors on their way home. The " Chaplain Frye " alluded to is described as a young gentleman of liberal education, who had taken his degree at Harvard two years before, and was greatly 474 The American Historical Register. beloved for his excellent performances and good behavior. He fought with undaunted courage until mortally wounded. " But when he could fight no longer, he prayed audibly several times for the preservation and success of the residue of the company."* The tragic death of this young chaplain was the subject of another ballad, which seems to have perished utterly. At any rate, I can find no other trace of it than the mention made by Dr. S. L. Knapp, who appears to have been in possession of the manuscript as late as 1829. In referring to this elegy Dr. Knapp writes : If it does not burn with a Sapphic blaze, it gives more of the light of history than all the odes of the Lesbian dame on her lost Phaon. Miss Susannah Rogers calls on the Muse to assist her in describing the youthful warrior, who was resting without his shroud on the field of glory. . . His valor, his piety, his prayers amidst the fight, his wounds all bleeding, pass in review before her streaming eyes, and she sees the howling wilderness where he fell. She notes the fortitude and resignation with which he died, or rather his exhibition of it when they left him to die, for he was not dead when his companions were under the necessity of leaving him to perish. The parental grief is not forgotten, and her own loss is touched upon with truth and delicacy. The fight near Lovewell's Pond has still another claim on the ground of literary priority. Nearly a hundred years after its occurrence it was the subject of a third ballad. On No vember 17, 1820, the Portland (Me.) Gazette printed the first poetical venture of a lad of thirteen years. It bore the title of " The Battle of Lovell's Pond." Its author never included it among his published works, and it is only since his death that it has become familiar to the present generation. The smooth versification of this boyish effort is suggestive as a foreshadowing of the artistic spirit that was in later years to become renowned in the works of Henry W. Longfellow. Naturally the anti-Gallic spirit was very strong in the colonies during the middle years of the eighteenth century, and found expression in popular verse. It is not surprising, therefore, that the doggerel of the rhymesters of that day should have inspired genuine enthusiasm. War verse is apt to be poor literature. It is only by placing oneself fully in accord with those times that the real spirit of such local and transitory effusions can be * "Lovewell Lamented; or a Sermon occasioned by the Fall of the brave Captain John Lovewell." By Rev. Thos. Symmes, 1725. Colonial Patriotism in Song. 475 appreciated. To us of to-day the great mass of our ballad litera ture of the eighteenth century is simply drivel, yet those efforts conveyed thoughts and sentiments in words that burned, though the fire has long since gone from them. One of the earliest books of war poetry published in this country was Tilden's " Miscellaneous Poems on Divers Occasions, Chiefly to Animate and Rouse the Soldiers," printed in 1756. The author is generally alluded to by his surname only, it being taken for granted that his Christian name had been forgotten, but there seems to be no reasonable doubt as to his identity with the Stephen Til den of that time. By way of preface the author, then seventy years old, offers a candid apology for the little book, which certainly cannot be commended for its literary merits. The first effort is called " The British Lion Roused." Hail, great Apollo, guide my feeble pen, To rouse the august lion from his den, Exciting vengeance on the worst of men. Rouse, British Lion, from thy soft repose, And take revenge upon the worst of foes, Who try to wring and haul you by the nose. After such an invocation the reader should be prepared for almost anything, even to bear with equanimity the objurgation, Cease, liquid mountains of the foaming flood, And tinge the billows with the Gallic blood, A faithful drubbing to their future good. Bury their squadrons ill in watery tombs And when the news unto Versailles it comes Let Lewis swear by Gar and gnaw his thumbs. In " The English Soldiers Encouraged," the poet seeks to thrill his martial readers by such lines as these : Rouse, heroes, arm, brave captains take the field, Great George commands, arm with your spear and shield ; Gird on the glittering sword upon your thigh Once more New England's courage bravely try, Maintain the honor you so bravely won Of late at Louisbourg, at Cape Breton, Where hero-like you storm'd and took the town, And gain'd immortal trophies of renown. 476 The American Historical Register. In " Braddock's Fate, with an Incitement to Revenge," com posed August 20, 1755, he sings : Come all ye sons of Brittany, Assist my muse in tragedy, And mourn brave Braddock's destiny, And spend a mournful day, Upon Monongahela's fields The mighty' ve fallen o'er their shields And British blood bedews the hills Of western Gilboa. Dissensions and ill feelings having arisen among the soldiers our bard feels called upon to rebuke the unseemly manifestations. In a spirit more of sorrow than of anger, he asks in his poem " The Soldiers Reproved for Reflecting Upon One Another." After such glory you had won, And made the French and Indians run, And almost Canada undone And gain'd a crown of honor, Will you indulge such base envy, Which doth so tend to mutiny, And undermine your country And throw disgrace upon her ? The poet offers a remarkable example of the spirit of harmony and brotherly love which he seeks to inculcate. For in the same piece, referring to a certain scribe, he exclaims : If he shall force me for to stain My paper with his dirty name; It shall be to his lasting shame, I'll tell him for his pains, For nature hurry' d, I'm afraid, When the infamous fop was made, And in her hurry clos'd his head, But never thought of brains. In strong contrast to the modesty and crude simplicity of Tilden, are the bellicose vaporings of John Maylem. The latter seems to have aspired to be recognized as above all things the battle bard of the anti- Gallic soldiery. He wrote under the nom de guerre of " Philo-Bellum," and inflicted upon his country men, in 1758, something called " The Conquest of Louisbourg, a Poem," and in the same year something else called "Gallic Colonial Patriotism in Song. ^77 Perfidy, a Poem." In the former of these the following extra ordinary incident is related as occurring at the siege of Louis bourg : When Amherst there, like Peleus' mighty son, Dreadful in arms and Tyrian purple shone, Engaging here in martial order stood Fierce as Alcides or the Scythian God, Till thundering Mars no more the sight could bear, Turn'd pale with envy, and let drop his spear, And fame all flaming, from the imperial car, Hail' d him sole rival of the God of war. Maylem is said to have been somewhat addicted to the " flowing bowl." His rantings certainly have the effect of having been inspired by some other liquid than that from the fountain of Hippocrene. One of the post-Revolutionary poets has given us the couplet : Such warmth of fancy once a Maylem fired Untaught he sang, by all the muse inspired, — a rather equivocal compliment to Harvard College, from which Maylem graduated in 17 15. This writer adds, by way of expla nation : John Maylem was a poet of genius, who lived not many years since. His pro ductions bear every mark of a deficient education ; but his genius rose superior to every inconvenience, and he remains a shining example of the Horatian maxim, "poet a nascitur non fit." George Cockings, of New Hampshire, was another battle bard of the period, whose name has survived his works. He was both an epic and a dramatic writer. He seems to have achieved a certain sort of success, for his poem on the war in Newfoundland, written in 1758, appears to have passed through several editions. At least the fourth edition was pub lished in London in or before 1766. The titles of the only works of Cockings that have come under my own observation are: "War, an Heroic Poem, from the taking of Minorca by the French to the Reduction of the Havannah. The Second Edition to the Raising of the Siege of Quebec," Boston, 1762; and "The American War, a Poem in Six Books," in which the names of the officers, who have distinguished themselves during the war, are introduced; London, 1781. Mention is made of him in Duyckinck's " Cyclopaedia of American Literature," 1, 482, where a few extracts may be found. 478 The American Historical Register. Probably the best-known writer of war verse of this period is Dr. Benjamin Young Prime, the ancestor of a line of distin guished scholars and authors who have rendered honorable service to our literature. Dr. Prime was born at Huntington, Long Island, December 20, 1733, and died there in October, 1 79 1. He came of pure New England stock that had been American for three generations. After graduating at Princeton in 175 1, he began the study of medicine. Foreign travel and study, including a course at the University of Leyden, combined to render him one of the most cultured Americans of his time. He was a distinguished linguist, writing fluently in several languages, ancient and modern. His best-known productions were written in the spirit of the Revolutionary era ; but, for the present, he is entitled to mention as the author of " The Patriot Muse, or Poems on some of the Principal Events of the Late War, together with a Poem on the Peace, Vincit amor patricz ; by an American Gentleman." This was published in London in 1764, and contains a number of pieces inspired by the colonial wars. His tribute to Wolfe, which has been frequently reprinted, has some lines which show the practiced hand of a scholar. With the exception of Dr. Prime's poems, the best war pieces were fugitive stanzas published anonymously in the jour nals of the day. Of these, the best known are the " Song of Braddock's Men" — To arms ! to arms ! my jolly grenadiers ! — and the lines on the death of Wolfe, beginning : Thy merits, Wolfe, transcend all human praise, The breathing marble or the muses' lays. But the one which surpasses all the fugitive poetry of the period in easy, flowing versification, is the " Ode to the Inhabi tants of Pennsylvania," which originally appeared in the Pennsyl vania Gazette, September 30, 1756. It is too long for repro duction here, but the character of the whole may be judged by these three stanzas : Still, shall the tyrant scourge of Gaul With wasteful rage resistless fall On Britain's slumbering race? Still, shall she wave her bloody hand And threatening banners o'er this land, To Britain's fell disgrace? Colonial Patriotism in Song. 479 And not one generous chieftain rise (Who dares the frown of war despise, And treacherous fear disclaim) His country's ruin to oppose, To hurl destruction on her foes, And blast their rising fame ? . . And chief let Pennsylvania wake, And on her foes let terrors shake, Their gloomy troops defy ; For lo ! her smoking farms and plains, Her captur' d youths and murder' d swains For vengeance louder cry. Many of the songs and ballads of the French and English war, like "The Tenth Regiment's March to Quebec," and Edward Botwood's " Hot Stuff," continued favorites with the English soldiers, and in later years were appropriated by the Tory side, the anti-Gallic feeling being transferred to hostility against the rebellious Continentals. At the accession of George III. (1761) colonial loyalty expended itself in a series of literary pyrotechnics, the brilliancy of which was as brief as it was bewildering. The death of one George and the accession of another furnished the faculty and alumni of Harvard the inspiration to express colonial sentiment in most approved c'assic style. To commemorate an event of such importance to the English people, the resources of the Eng lish language were evidently insufficient. The Greek and Latin tongues were invoked, and odes in which pedantry vied with sycophancy were addressed in honor of the living and the dead. These combined efforts were sumptuously bound in a quarto volume, entitled, " Pietas et Gratulatio Collegic Cantabrigensis apud Novanglos." The work has ever since been regarded as the acme of colonial scholarship. It was duly forwarded to His Majesty, who appears to have treated it in much the same spirit as he displayed toward later and more important communica tions from his American subjects. So much earnest labor and fervid adulation in three languages would seem to be deserving of something more than the silent contempt which the learned contributors received for their pains. The scholarship shown in the work is of higher order than the poetry. It is a conglomera tion of fulsome flattery which appears grotesque enough, when 48o The American Historical Register. viewed through the perspective of the years immediately fol lowing. The deceased George, is, of course, portrayed as an impersonation of all the heroic virtues, compared with whom the Caesars and Alexanders of antiquity are unworthy to be named. For instance, Let Rome her Julius and Octavius boast, What both at Rome, George was on Albion's coast. An olive wreath his brow, Majestic, ever wore : Unless by hostile power Long urged, and then the laurel bough. Faithful bards in epic verse, Vict'ries more than Julius won, And exploits, before undone, George the Hero shall rehearse ; While softer notes each tuneful swain Shall breath from oaten pipe, of George's peaceful reign. The grief of these rhapsodists is assuaged by the reflection that all the Georges are not extinct. What kindly God presides ? The tumults cease, This hour all tempest and the next all peace ; We smile, blest heaven, a George upon the throne, Another George, O Albion, all thine own. In two of these tributes the recent transit of Venus is forcibly dragged in as suggesting an appropriate figure. Of these, the one in English closes as follows : Auspicious omens yon bright regions wear, Events responsive in the earth appear. A golden Phcebus decks the rising morn, Such, glorious George, thy youthful brows adorn ; Nor sparkles Venus, on the etherial plain, Brighter than Charlotte midst the virgin train, The illustrious pair conjoined in nuptial ties, Britannia shines a rival to the skies. In all the thirty-one poems, three in Greek, twelve in Eng lish, and sixteen in Latin, there is hardly an original thought. The whole production betrays a spirit of obsequious insincerity in most conventional form. The only evidence that the young King ever read the book is the fact that not long after its appear ance His Majesty began to show signs of insanity. SOME COLONIAL FAMILIES. THOMPSON OF CONNECTICUT. In the town of Stratford, Conn., which is one of the oldest in New England, the following curious and interesting epitaph appears upon a tombstone in the old Congregational burying- ground : Sacred to the memory of Lieutenant William Thompson, who fell in battle, bravely fighting for the liberties of his country in the memorable action of Ridgefield, Conn., on the 27th of April, 1777, where a handful of intrepid Americans withstood some thousands of British troops, till, overpowered with numbers, he fell a victim to British tyrrany and more than savage cruelty in the 35th year of his age. He lived greatly beloved and universally lamented, and his body being removed from the place of action was here deposited with military honors. The inscription was composed by the Rev. Izariah Wetmore, the minister of the deceased, who at that time was settled over the Congregational Society in Stratford. " Lieutenant William Thompson had command of a company of militia when he fell, the captain of the company being detained at home by a peculiar sickness which in those days was apt to seize some timid patriots when danger was to be met. " This company of men, with a few others, threw up a breast work in the principal street of Richfield, to impede the progress of the enemy, then on the march from Norwalk to Danbury, and there resisted superior forces for some hours, cutting them down by scores ; the enemy made a charge, and by force of numbers compelled the Americans to retreat ; and Lieutenant Thompson being among the last at the point of danger, was wounded, but not mortally, and not being able to retreat with his men was murdered by a fiend in human shape, who placed a musket to his forehead and blew his brains out." The above is from material furnished by a member of Lieu tenant Thompson's company, who was an eye-witness to his death, and who also related the sensation that was produced by his barbarous death when his remains were brought to Stratford. It was given to a granddaughter of Lieutenant Thompson's, and is still among the family papers. The ancestry of Lieutenant Thompson was as follows : 482 The American Historical Register. John Thompson, man of estate from England, who came among the first settlers about 1640; b. 1582, d. 1678 ; m. in Eng land Mirabel, d. Stratford April 13, 1690, and had Ambrose Thompson, £. January 1, 165 1, d. September 6, 1742; m. Sarah Welles, b. 1659, and had Deacon John Thompson, b. 1680, d July 20, 1765; m. November 15, 1705, Ruth Curtis, b. January 11, 1683, d. April 23, 1721, and had John Thompson the third, 5. April, 1717, d. 1753; W.January 17, 1741, Mehitable Welles, of Fairfield, Conn., and had Lieutenant William Thompson, b. October 29, 1742; m. October 14, 1762, Mehitable Ufford, b. March 16, 1745. On May 4, 1777, the Sunday after the death of Lieutenant Thompson, the Rev. Izariah Wetmore preached his funeral ser mon at Stratford, taking for his text Isaiah ix. 5, "For every battle of the warrior is with confused noise and garments rolled in blood, but this shall be with burning and fuel of fire." The manuscript sermon is still preserved in the Wetmore family. The Rev. Nathan Birdseye, of Stratford, who died in 18 18, aged 103 years, was contemporary with John Thompson (son of Ambrose Thompson), he related to descendants in his day, many things of interest concerning the first John Thompson, who settled there. He said his first arrival in the colonies was in 1635, and that he came in the ship Elizabeth — being driven from Eng land by the dissentions between Church and State. Yet the year is not certain, the fact, though, is assured that he was settled there before 1646. His first visit was one of inspection. He was pleased with the prospects, and the people, and returned to Eng land to dispose of his property. It is not known at what seaport he landed in England, though tradition affirms his estate and home were many miles in the interior. Traveling there, he, one morning, while passing an ancient homestead saw the daughters of the house in the grounds. Tired with his journeying over rough ways, he politely asked if he could find refreshment there, which was willingly accorded by the head of the house who came out to accost him, and who insisted upon his alighting and enter ing, and when Mr. Thompson disclosed the fact that he was from New England, he declared that he was all the more welcome, as he and his household were ardent friends of the Puritan colonies. Some Colonial Families. 483 Conversation became most interesting as one asked and the other answered the multitudinous questions concerning the new land. " It is a goodly country," said Mr. Thompson, " though still full of savages and wild beasts, but a land where one can worship God with a free conscience." " Would I were there," spoke up the youngest daughter, named Mirabel, adding that for love of Christ and to be rid of the restrictions enforced on Puritans she would willingly encounter any peril. Not long before, she had not only suffered imprisonment, but other penalties for attending a conventicle. Whether it was this speech that attracted Mr. Thompson or the sparkling dark eyes, small hands and feet, which tradi tion says she brought to the family, deponent sayeth not, be that as it may, Mr. Thompson's visit was prolonged, a life-long attach ment sprang up between Mirabel and himself, and with the con sent of her father they were betrothed. This arranged, Mr. Thompson continued his journey, settled his affairs, and returned for his bride. They were married, sailed for New England and settled in Stratford as stated. When they first came to their new home the Indians were very numerous. There is a story in the family, that about a year after their arrival in Stratford, Mirabel, who was occupied standing with her back toward an open door, was alarmed by a fearful yell and two indians rushed by her, one with a tomahawk which he buried in the skull of the other, who fell dead over the cradle of her sleeping babe. Tradition also affirms that Mr. Thompson brought from England the first fruit trees planted in Stratford, and that he harvested the first wheat — in this wise — he and Mirabel while walking in their fields discovered that many of the heads of wheat were yellow, he gathered it by handfuls which she carried in her apron to the house, there she rubbed and powdered them until she had almost a peck of excellent flour, and from it was made the first wheat loaves in Stratford. The surname of Mirabel is entirely obliterated from all old documents as it also seems to have been from the memory of the Rev. Mr. Birdseye, otherwise he would have mentioned it. It has been fancied by descendants that she was of Norman origin, not only from the fact of her own name b:ing French, but also 484 The American Historical Register. because of the name she bestowed upon her first born — Ambrose being decidedly un-English. Broad minded she must have been — conventicle frequenter though she was — to have chosen for her child what was doubtless an hereditary name that she loved in place of the harsher Puritanical ones common to her sect. Mr. Thompson's first home was like those of the earliest settlers, of simple planks, but late in life he is said to have erected a stone house, which the Rev. Mr. Birdseye could recol lect, and which was occupied by a Miss Hannah Thompson in 1779 — a daughter of Ambrose and granddaughter of John and Mirabel. John Thompson, of whom the above facts are stated, died in 1678, and his beloved wife twelve years later. Their descendants still dwell and are among the most honored in the old town of Stratford. Many others are scattered far and wide over the boundless continent to which they in their youth, with their loving trust in God and each other fearlessly embarked, and which has been made the land that it is by the sturdy traits that characterized them and their colleagues. The births of their children are on record in Stratford. Here, in New Orleans, from which place this article is penned, are several descendants of John and Mirabel — the writer of this article being one, and her daughter, Mrs. W. H. Dickson,. a Colonial Dame by right of Thompson and Livingstons of New York ancestry, another. There is also Mrs. Joseph H. Oglesby, a Colonial Dame by right of Thompson ancestry ont he one side,. and of the Gardiners of Gardiner's Island, and her son, Joseph H. Oglesby. . Mrs. Marcus Richardson. CELEBRATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS. Society Sons of the Revolution : *** October 28 was the anniversary of the battle of White Plains, one of the minor struggles of the Revolutionary War. It was also the occasion of an informal banquet held at the Richelieu Hotel, Chicago, by the State Society. Sixty of the members sat down at the tables. It was the largest and most successful banquet ever held by the local society and augurs well for the success' of the more formal affair which the Society will undertake December 4. The air was full of the patriotism which scintillates upon such occa sions. Rev. Walter Delafield sat at the head of the table, before a background formed of the crossed flags of the United States and the buff and blue of the Society. At the business meeting Treasurer J. F. Kelly in his report spoke of the year-book which had been issued, and commended the compilers of the book. Henry W. Dudley responded to the request for a report from the committee which had been appointed to attend to the matter of offering a prize to the high school student who should be selected as the writer of the best essay on a patriotic subject. Mr. Dudley reported that the committee decided to offer three prizes — a gold, a silver, and a bronze medal. Two amendments to the constitution were offered for consideration at the next meeting. F. R. Seelye offered an amendment doubling all the fees and dues of the Society, in order to raise the revenue. A McG. Leffingwell offered another addition increasing the officers of the Society to include a first and second vice-president, in conformity with the other State organiza tions. Chairman Delafield then rose, and in a few remarks introduced the speaker of the evening, Archdeacon Casey, of the diocese of Saratoga, N. Y. The matter of Cuban liberty was then introduced, and remarks called for. The discussion called forth some objections, but a committee was ap pointed, and the following resolutions adopted : Resolved, That we, the Sons of the Revolution, lineal descendants of those who by their heroic struggle against unjust oppression and tyranny, achieved for themselves liberty, freedom, and the right of self-government, extend our deepest sympathy to the people of Cuba, now engaged in a struggle for the right to govern themselves, to make their own laws, levy their own taxes, and enjoy the fruits of their own labor, and we pledge ourselves to extend to them every encouragement consistent with our laws of neutrality and self-government. A. C. Barnes, C. N. Holden, John C. Foote. The American Historical Register. PENNSYLVANIA. *x* The Pennsylvania Society dedicated, November 9, the rough-hewn granite monument at the corner of Thirty-first and New Queen streets. Falls of Schuylkill, Philadelphia, that is to perpetuate the memory and mark the site of an encampment of the American army during the Revo lution. The ceremony was conducted by Maj. William Wayne, president of the Society. After the ist regiment band had played an American over ture, an invocation was offered by the Rev. George Woolsey Hodge, chap lain of the Society, who also dedicated the monument. William Spohn Baker delivered the historical address, and explained that the encampment MONUMENT ERECTED BY THE SONS OF THE REVOLUTION AT FALLS OF SCHUYLKILL. (By courtesy of the Philadelphia Times.) Celebrations and Proceedings. 487 on this spot, before and after the battle of Brandywine, is to all an event of considerable interest. Here, in August, 1777, Washington waited and watched for the expected arrival of the British fleet in the Delaware, and here, on September 12, the day after the ill-starred battle of Brandywine, the American army returned for a brief period of rest before again attempt ing to defend Philadelphia from the enemy. MISSOURI. *#* The Sons of the Revolution and Daughters of the American Rev olution in Kansas City, held their first annual banquet at the Coates House, October 19. Fully conversant with the deeds of valor and the sacrifices of their Revo lutionary forefathers it was meet that those who compose the Kansas City Chapter of the Sons of the Revolution, which was organized January 17, last, and the members 'of Elizabeth Benton Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, should gather together, feast at the same board and hear again the story of the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, 114 years ago, and the subsequent formation of the government. It was a night of oratory and eulogy — of memory of all the brave lives that went out in the struggles for independence and the revival of fond memories for the im mortal Washington and his patriotic followers. It was a night of heroic impulses prompted by the love of freedom and country, and there was not a soul present that did not respond in tender and sensitive chord to every national air that was sung. The decorations were profuse and appropriate. The American flag pre dominated. Covers were laid for 100. At the head of the table sat Presi dent E. H. Allen, of Kansas City Chapter. Upon his right was the guest of the evening, Miss Hannah Lincoln Manson, of Boston, who was visiting in Independence. At his left sat his daughter, Miss Allen. The guest of the evening, Miss Manson, is a descendant of Gen. Benja min Lincoln, who was delegated by Gen. Washington to receive the sword from Lord Cornwallis at his surrender at Yorktown. During the supper a quartette furnished delightful instrumental music which was interspersed with vocal selections of an appropriate character. President Allen with a few preliminary remarks detailing the Southern campaign in the Carolinas that resulted in the surrender at Yorktown, re ferred to the guest of the evening upon his right and then called , upon the Rev. Henry Hopkins, pastor of the First Congregational Church, who responded to the toast, " Patriotism in War is Public Spirit in Peace." Attorney J. V. C. Karnes spoke on " Principle" and James Lawrence Blair spoke on " Patriotism the Best Legacy of the Revolution.' ' In a room adjoining the banquet hall was spread a rare and valuable collection of rosters of the Revolutionary era. They are the property of Henry Cadle, State secretary of the Association. Mr. Cadle is organizing a chapter in St. Joseph. At the annual election of officers in the directors' room of the Board of Trade, the Chapter re-elected all of last year's officers. President, Edward H. Allen ; vice-president, J. V. C. Karnes ; secretary, A. L. Howe ; treas urer, William B. Thayer ; board of managers, including the President and 488 The American Historical Register. Secretary, J. P. Dana, Thomas James, F. A. Faxon, Richard Gentry, J. L. Grider, and J. Scott Harrison. Those present at the meeting were the President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer, and Messrs. E. M. Clen- dening, R. S. Rogers, C. A. Pugsley, G. N. Wilson and William P. Voorhees. MINNESOTA. *#* Mr. Charles P. Noyes, president of the Minnesota Society, gave a reception October 1 8, at his home on Virginia avenue, St. Paul, to Bishop Perry, president of the Iowa Society ; Bishop Tuttle, president of the Mis souri Society ; Bishop Spalding, president of the Colorado Society, inviting to meet them, as well as to meet the prominent Minnesota members of the Society of the Sons of the Revolution, who were in attendance upon the con vention at Minneapolis : Bishop McLaren, Bishop Seymour and Bishop Hale, of the Illinois Society ; Bishop Whipple and Bishop Gilbert, of the Minnesota Society ; Rev. Morgan Dix, D. D., of the New York Society; Rev. T. Stafford Drowne, D. D., Mr. Henry E. Pierepont and Mr. John A. King, of the New York Society ; Mr. John N. Carpender, of the New Jersey Society ; Rev. Arthur Lawrence, of the Massachusetts Society ; Rev. Henry L. Jones, D.D., and Mr. Rodney A. Mercur, of the Pennsylvania Society ; Rev. Dudley W. Rhodes, D. D., of the Ohio Society; Rev. Randolph McKim, D. D., Rev. H. Elliott, D. D., Mr. John Thomson Mason, of the Maryland Society; Capt. W. C. Butler, Capt. F. W. Roe, Maj. John H. Patterson and Capt. Joseph Hale, of Fort Snelling ; Rt. Rev. Henry B. Whipple, Maj. C. B. Sears, Duluth ; Edward C. Kennedy, West Superior, Wis.; George M. Richardson, Houston, Tex.; Col. A. S. Barr, Fort Missoula, Mont., and Dr. George E. McLean, of the State University. NEW YORK. *#* A chapter is soon to be organized in Peekskill. Among the prominent members of the General Society living here are Dr. John Newel Tilden, ex-Supervisor William Mabie and his father, Hiram Mabie, Wil liam H. Wildey and George E. Briggs. *¥r* The State Society celebrated the anniversary of the evacuation of the city of New York by the British by a banquet at Delmonico's, on Monday, November 25. OHIO. \* The Cincinnati Society celebrated the one hundred and fourteenth anniversary of the surrender of Cornwallis by a dinner at the Queen City Club, October 19. Over one hundred members and guests were present, and the affair was one of unusual interest. The exercises were impressive and partook of the nature of a memorial to the fallen heroes of the Revolu tionary War. One of the principal features, however, was the virtual cement of the proposed consolidation of this organization with that of the . Sons of the American Revolution. Addresses were made by Frank Johnson Jones, president of the Society ; Oscar Martin, Prof. Thomas Herbert Norton and Judge Samuel F. Hunt, of the Sons of the American Revolution. Celebrations and Proceedings. 489 Arrangements were completed for the annual social event of the Society, which will, this year, be in the nature of a ball to be given on the night of December 31. This will be made one of the grandest events of the kind ever given by this Society, and the aim will be to have it eclipse all other social affairs of the season. TENNESSEE. *x* At a recent gathering of the State Society it was decided to offer prizes during the coming winter for the best essay on patriotic subjects. . These prizes will be confined to the students of the University of Ten nessee and the Holbrook Normal School at Fountain City. The prizes are to consist of silver and bronze medals appropriately stamped in relief char acters, suggestive of the highest patriotic triumphs and impulses. Society Daughters of the American Revolution : new jersey. *** The regular meeting of Camp Middlebrook Chapter, was held October 15, at the home of Mr. James Elmendorf, Millstone. On first ariving there the party was conducted by Mr. Elmendorf to the site of the old court house which was burned by the British troops under Lieut.-Col. Simcoe in 1779. They were also taken to the old Van Doren house, where Washington and some of his staff were quartered after the battle of Princeton. It was in this house some months later, when the British had taken possession, that old Mrs. Van Doren was hung up by the heels in the cellar upon refusing to give up her keys, or tell where the family treasure was secreted. Returning to Mr. Elmendorf's home, they were greeted by their hostess, Miss Batcheller, and presented to Mrs. Wm. S. Stryker, of Trenton, State regent for New Jersey. ' ' America ' ' was sung by all present, accompanied on the spinnet by Miss Olendorf. Gen. Frelinghuysen imported this quaint old musical instrument from England in 1787 for his daughters ; it was manufactured by Broadwood. Luncheon was served on small tables from Revolutionary china. The business meet ing was presided over by the new regent, Mrs. Henry M. Hamilton. It is proposed by the Chapter to take up the study and discussion of the Constitu tion of the United States this winter. Three new members were admitted to the Chapter. After the transaction of other business, a short speech was made by Mrs. Stryker, the State regent. The ladies of Camp Middlebrook Chapter will visit the public school at Bound Brook on the last Friday of every month. \* Miss Sarah N. Doughty, regent of Lafayette Chapter, entertained the members on the occasion of their first meeting October 19, at her home near Absecon. Twelve ladies partook of Miss Doughty' s luncheon, which was followed by the first regular meeting of the Chapter. The officers before 490 The American Historical Register. appointed are Miss Doughty, regent ; Miss Emma Bing, secretary; Miss Eliza Thompson, registrar, and Mrs. Wm. Sherred, historian. It was decided to hold two regular meetings of the Chapter each year, in the fall and spring, with Atlantic City as its headquarters, and Miss Belle Scott and Miss Eliza Thompson, of Atlantic City, and Miss Louise Carman, of Philadelphia, were appointed the Committee on Entertainment for the spring meeting next April ; Miss Minnie Moore, of Haddonfield ; Miss Maria Scott, of Philadelphia, and Mrs. J. K. Pitney, of Absecon, Committee on Constitution, and Mrs. Henry D. Moore, of Haddonfield, alternate ,to the Regent ; Miss Doughty, as delegate to Continental Congress in Wash ington. *+* The general convention of the New Jersey Society met, November 2, in the Young Men's Catholic Literary Lyceum, Elizabeth. There were over 125 delegates present from the following chapters: Trent Chapter, of Lawrenceville ; Princeton, of Princeton ; Lafayette, of Atlantic City ; Nova Cssaria, of Newark ; Eagle Rock, of Montclair ; Broad Seal, of East Orange ; Boudinot, of Elizabeth ; Buff and Blue, of Seabright ; Morristown, of Morristown ; Jersey Blues, of New Brunswick ; Somerville, of Somerville ; Plainfield, of Plainfield, and Camp Middlebrook, of Bound Brook. Mrs. W. S. Stryker, of Trenton, State regent, presided. The conven tion opened with prayer by the Rev. Dr. Otis A. Glazebrook, chaplain of the Elizabeth Chapter. The Rev. Dr. Kempshall, of Elizabeth, delivered an address of wel come, which was followed by a paper entitled " Sketches of Elizabeth Towne, " by Mrs. E. G. Putnam, regent of Boudinot Chapter. Walter Chandler, president of the Elizabethtown Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution, and lieutenant-governor of the New Jersey Society of Colonial Wars, delivered an address. Mrs. Charles W. Thomas, of Camp Middlebrook Chapter, read a paper on " New Jersey and the Revolution." The delegates were entertained at luncheon after the meeting by the Boudinot Chapter. CONNECTICUT. *#* The new Chapter which has been organized in Meriden, has chosen Mrs. Kate Foote Coe as regent, and out of respect for Mrs. Susan Carrington Clarke, the State regent who died in Atlanta, the Meriden organi zation has taken the name of Susan C. Clarke Chapter. *** Miss Susan Clarke, of Middletown, State regent of the Daughters of the American Revolution, died suddenly, aged sixty-five, at Atlanta, Ga., at the residence of Don M. Bain. She was always prominent in religious and social organizations, and as a worker in the Daughters of the American Revolution was perhaps as well known as anyone in the State. She was elected regent at the national meeting in Washington last February 22. She went to Atlanta October 1 5 with the State commissioners, F. B. Weeks and Mrs. D. Ward Northrup, and a party of Middletown people. Celebrations and Proceedings. 491 *#* The annual meeting of Ruth Wyllys Chapter was held in the rooms of the Connecticut Historical Society, October 31. Mrs. John M. Holcombe, the regent, presided. The election of officers resulted as fol lows : Regent, Mrs. John M. Holcombe ; vice-regent, Mrs. William H. Palmer ; registrar, Miss Mary K. Talcott ; recording secretary, Mrs. A. H. Pitkin ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Charles E. Gross ; treasurer, Miss Mary Francis ; historian, Miss Mary L. Bartlett. Members of the local board: Mrs. George Leon Walker, Mrs. Charles Havemeyer, Mrs. W. A. M. Wainwright, Miss Charlotte A. Jewell, Mrs. Jacob L. Greene, Mrs. W. N. Pelton, Mrs. Charlotte C. Beach, Mrs. B. R. Allen, Miss A. R. Phelps, Miss M. W. Wainwright, Miss J. B. Burbank and Mrs. W. C. Faxon. The following resolution upon the death of Miss Susan Carrington Clarke, the State regent, who died at Atlanta was passed : The Ruth Wyllys Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution desires to perpetuate in its records the sorrow felt by all its members in the death of Miss Susan Carrington Clarke, the State regent. Her high character, inherited from that long line of Puritan ancestry, of which she was justly proud, and whose virtues we commemo rate ; her uniform courtesy, born of a kindly and generous heart, her deep interest in the welfare of this Association, and her firm faith in its power for lasting good, served to fit her in a peculiar degree for the position to which we had the honor to elect her. The sadness felt in her loss is tempered by the thought that her example has left its mark for good in the Society she loved so well. The report of the secretary, Mrs. A. H. Pitkin, showed that 150 mem bers have been elected to the Chapter since its organization three years ago. During the past year forty-four members have been received. The Rev. Dr. George Leon Walker and Charles E. Gross have been added to the Advisory Board, the other members being the Rev. Francis Goodwin, J. G. Woodward and John M. Holcombe. Mr. Woodward continues as auditor. A pleasant feature of the meeting was the presentation of a gavel to the Chapter. A silver plate on one end has this inscription : " This gavel, of Charter Oak, is presented to the Ruth Wyllys Chapter, D. A. R., by Mrs. John M. Holcombe, its first regent. Hartford, Conn., October 31, 1895." Jonathan Trumbull, of Norwich, president of the Connecticut Society, Sons of the American Revolution, delivered an address on the ' ' Defama tion of Revolutionary Patriots." He bore down with no little severity upon Prof. Ferguson, of Trinity, for his sympathetic tone toward the Tories ; upon Prof. Dexter, of Yale, for his statement that George Wyllys was in sympathy with the Tories, and upon Prof. Peabody, of Harvard, for what he has writ ten of mobs in the Revolutionary days. He also took Mr. Ford in hand for intimating that the Trumbulls were involved in the Conway cabal again Washington. \* The State conference of the officers and delegates of the Connecti cut Society met November 6, at Middletown, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Miss Susan C. Clarke, the State regent, and to transact routine 492 The American Historical Register. business. Mrs. W. H. Palmer, vice-regent of Ruth Wyllys Chapter, presided. A sketch of Mrs. Clarke's life was read by Miss Gilman and also reso lutions on her death. Mrs. Sarah T. Kinney, of New Haven, was elected State regent, her election to be approved by the national board. An invita tion was accepted to hold the spring meeting of the State conference with the Hartford Chapter. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. *3.* A committee of the Mary Washington Chapter was appointed by the board of management to attend the funeral services, November 4, of their late treasurer, Mrs. Elizabeth Scott Lamb. After the religious portion of the services Mrs. Marian Longfellow O'Donoghue, former corresponding secretary of the Chapter, paid a tribute to the memory of Mrs. Lamb. Later in the day a meeting was called of the committee, at which a motion was carried to send notice of the action of the committee preliminary to a formal meeting of the Chapter to consider a memorial service. KENTUCKY. *#* The Lexington Chapter met with Miss Lucy Shelby October 31. The resignation of Miss Elizabeth Kinkade, who has successfully acted as its regent since the formation of the Lexington Society, was read and accepted, and a committee consisting of Mrs. Edmund Kinkade, Mrs. Wallace Shelby and Mrs. Lysle was appointed to nominate another regent. After business was transacted a pleasant social evening was spent and the Society adjourned to meet with Mrs. Coleman in December. MARYLAND. *#* The Society held a meeting, November 7, at their rooms, 9 East Franklin street, Baltimore, for the purpose of electing officers and choosing delegates. Mrs. Jervis Spencer, presided, and was unanimously re-elected the chapter regent. The other officers are : Mrs. Neilson Poe, correspond ing secretary ; Mrs. Edgar M. Lazarus, recording secretary ; Mrs. Nelson Perin, treasurer ; Miss Margaret P. Keenan, registrar ; Miss Elinor Free- land, historian. The managers are Mrs. Pembroke Thom, Mrs. Charles G. Nicholson, Mrs. B. F. Smith, Miss Maria Dalrymple Williams, Miss Elizabeth Hall. The delegates who were chosen to attend the National Congress at Washington on February 22, are Mrs. Pembroke Thom and Miss MaryStickney Hall. NEW YORK. \* An informal meeting of the New York Chapter, the first of the season, was held at Sherry's November 2. The regent, Mrs. Donald McLean, although not feeling well, presided in her usual gracious manner^ and read a paper based on her trip to the Atlanta Fair. " I am peculiarly proud," said she, "to report that I consider our exhibit of relics — Colonial, Revolutionary and historical — finer than that of any other State there repre sented, and this is high praise, for the exhibits, without exception are most valuable, far eclipsing the display at the World's Fair." Celebrations and Proceedings. 493 Miss Gertrude V. C. Hamilton gave an account of the plans for the monument over the grave of Francis Scott Key. It was decided that a loan exhibition be held for the cause, and that the collection of relics now at Atlanta be included in the exhibit. On January 6, Washington's birthday, and April 19, the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, the usual large affairs will be given. NEW YORK. *£* The Saranac Chapter was given a reception October 11, by Mrs. Chauncey Stoddard, Plattsburgh, in commemoration of the battle of Val- cour, the first naval battle of the Revolution. The Chapter's historian, Mrs. Mary McGill Gamble, read a paper an account of the engagement. Mrs. Whittelsey read an account of William Gilliland (see our last August issue), State regent, Miss Forsyth, of Kingston, also addressed the ladies and pre sented the Chapter with its charter, and Miss Woodward made a graceful response in behalf of the chapter regent. *4t* The Poughkeepsie Chapter met October 19. The meeting was well attended, and the principal business brought up for discussion was the raising of funds for the contemplated monument to be erected on Market street square. TEXAS. \* The George Washington Chapter, Galveston, met at the residence of Mrs. Sydney T. Fontaine, regent, October 31, to commemorate the anni versary of Carleton' s repulse by Montgomery at crossing of St. Lawrence river, 1775. This is the only organized Chapter of this Organization in Texas and has twenty-two members. Mrs. Sydney T. Fontaine is regent, Mrs. Dr. Smith, vice-regent ; Mrs. Edwin Bruce, registrar ; Miss Ballinger, sec retary ; Mrs. Harris, treasurer ; Miss Jones, curator ; Miss Lillian Seelig- son, librarian, and Mrs. T. J. Groce, historian. MASSACHUSETTS. *#* The Mercy Warren Chapter commemorated the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, with interesting exercises October 19, at the First Church parlors. The Society covers Hampden county and has a member ship of 175, of which about 150 were present. Mrs. Dr. P. H. Derby was chairman. Mrs. Todd, a noted member of many women's clubs, read the principal paper. She gave some interesting sketches of colonial life. It was the custom at one time, she said, that a bride could select the sermon on the Sunday following her marriage. On one occasion a girl named Mary, who had married a man despite the opposition of her parents, made the minister justify her course by selecting as the text, " Mary has chosen the better part. " Miss Helen M. Packard read an original poem, entitled, "Yorktown," and Mrs. A. T. Folsom delivered an essay on Cornwallis. Miss Idalina Darrow, of Mary Clapp Worcester Chapter of New Haven, and Mrs. A. O. Squier, of Springfield, also contributed to the literary pro gramme. Miss S. F. Underwood, of Enfield, Mass., read a report of the recent State Convention at Boston. Mrs. T. M. Brown, regent of Mercy 494 The American Historical Register. Warren Chapter, gave a reception from seven to nine at her home, on Pearl street, Springfield, in honor of Mrs. Todd, which was attended by about seventy-five members of the Society. The Society holds five meetings a year, and the next will be held December 16, the anniversary of the Boston Tea Party. *4f* The Paul Revere Chapter met at the residence of Mrs. Francis W. Goss, Roxbury, November 7. The following officers were elected : Mrs. James W. Cartwright, regent ; Mrs. Eben Howes, treasurer ; Mrs. E. M. W. Peabody, secretary, and Medora R. Crosby, registrar. It was decided to appoint a historian at the next meeting. A dinner was given at the close of the meeting in honor of Mrs. Milton W. Stickney, of Albany, N. Y.,an officer in the Mohawk Chapter. MISSOURI. *.xx The Elizabeth Benton Chapter, Kansas City, having perfected its organization of fifty members, under a most efficient regent and Board of managers, has determined to give some definite object to its work. It has decided to establish in the new library, which is being erected, an alcove devoted to books on early colonial and Revolutionary history, including old letters, manuscripts and fragments of biography which may have local historical coloring. This alcove will be maintained by the Chapter under the management of the Librarian. To enable the Chapter to begin this work it decided to give an exhibition of blue and white china of colonial and Revolutionary time, at Grace Church Guild Hall, November 6 and 7, for which a small admission was charged. GEORGIA. *** The Oglethorpe Chapter has issued a handsome pamphlet, setting forth the proceedings of the Chapter for the past few months. The Uttle book is a work of art, being beautifully printed, and the pages bound together with a blue silk cord. On the front pages of the cover appears a fac-simile of one of the sides of the " Seal of the Trustees of the colony of Georgia." VIRGINIA. *** Miss Claudine Rhett, the historian-elect of the Charleston Chapter, proposes to give four lectures on Revolutionary topics. Her subjects will be " Mary Washington," " Martha Washington," •' Light-Horse Harry Lee" and " The Church Bells of Old Dorchester." NORTH DAKOTA. %* Mrs. Frances C. Holley has been elected State regent, and was confirmed by the National Board of Managers October 3. WISCONSIN. *#* The second chapter to be organized in Wisconsin was formed in Janesville, October 17, by Mrs. Peck, of Milwaukee, the State regent. Officers were elected as follows : Chapter regent, Mrs. A. P. Lovejoy ; vice- Celebrations and Proceedings. 495 regent, Mrs. E. O. Kimberley ; treasurer, Miss Helen Hart ; secretary, Miss Millie Chittenden ; registrar, Mrs. W. M. Eldredge ; historian, Miss Mary Pease ; Board of Lady Managers, Mrs. J. T. Wright, Mrs. M. G. Jeffris and Mrs. Hamilton Richardson. Mrs. E. O. Kimberley, the vice-regent, was the originator, she being the first ' ' Daughter ' ' in Wisconsin and the honorary regent of the State. OHIO. *#* The Mahoning Chapter met at the residence of Mrs. R. W. Tayler, the regent, October 19. A pleasant and profitable session was held. The 19th of October being the anniversary of the surrender of Corn wallis and "the Annapolis Tea Party," a brief sketch of the latter affair was given by Mrs. Wm. J. Hitchcock. *3.* At the annual election of the Cincinnati Society, held November 4, the following officers were elected : Regent, Mrs. William Judkins ; vice- regent, Mrs. E. L. Thomas ; recording secretary, Miss Mary Cabell Richardson ; treasurer, Miss Mary T. Harrison ; corresponding secretary, Miss Alice Laws ; registrar, Mrs. Frank Wilson ; historian, Mrs. William B. Davis ; custodian, Miss George Aldrich ; board of directors, Mrs. A. Howard Hinkle, Mrs. Henry Melville Curtis, Mrs. James Van Voast, Mrs. T. L. A. Greveand Miss Clara Newton. The following delegates were chosen to represent the Cincinnati Chapter at the National Congress, to be held in Washington, February 22 : Mrs. Judkins, Miss Thomas, Miss Hollister, with Mrs. Greve, Mrs. William Ellis, Mrs. Frank Jones and Mrs. Frank Wilson as alternates. PENNSYLVANIA. *V* The Pittsburgh Chapter sent the following letter, October 25, to the mayor of Pittsburgh : \ The Pittsburgh Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution has the honor — through the great kindness of Mr. Charles A. Painter — of offering to the city of Pitts burgh, through you, its honored mayor, the portrait of the Right Hon. William Pitt, first Earl of Chatham. This original, full-length portrait was painted in Bath, England, in the year 1754, by the celebrated portrait painter, William Hoare. It was purchased in Eng land and brought to America in 1771, by the Hon. Charles Carroll, of Mt. Clare, near Baltimore, in whose family it has ever since remained. It was exhibited in Indepen dence Hall, Philadelphia, during the Centennial Exhibition. We feel it to be appropriate that this gift should be made by the Daughters of the American Revolution, whose duty and privilege it is to perpetuate the memory of those who achieved American independence, since in Sir William Pitt we honor the firm and fearless friend of the American colonies, who although infirm, and in precarious health, made an eloquent address in Parliament, on the 14th day of January, 1776, in opposilion to the infamous stamp act ; " standing," as he said, " single, unsolicited and uncon nected." In offering this portrait to the city of Pittsburgh, through you, its mayor, we con gratulate the city on having taken its name from a statesman who so well comprehended the principles of true government, and whose sympathy was so ardently expressed fur 496 The American Historical Register. "the three millions of virtuous and brave beyond the Atlantic ocean," who afterwards proved his words prophetic in their historic and unexampled heroism during the war for independence. I remain, yours respectfully, Felicia Ross Johnson,. Rec, Sec. Pittsburgh Chapter, D. A. R. The Mayor promptly accepted the gift, and requested that the Chapter designate the building in which to place it, and the Daughters named the Pittsburgh Carnegie Library. *.„.* The Lock Haven Chapter met with Mrs. Dr. Perkins, the historian of the Society, October 1 7. The subject discussed was " Burgoyne's Surrender and Its Effect on the Fortunes of the Revolution." Papers were read trac ing the events that led to Burgoyne's defeat giving credit for the victory to Schuyler, who planned the campaign ; to Wayne and Arnold, who led most of the fighting, rather than to Gates, who remained in his tent ; and giving the two chief results of the battle — the breaking of the English plans for the war and the securing of England's most powerful enemy, France. Creasy says of this battle that it was one of the fifteen decisive battles of the world. *^* Merion Chapter has started a movement to have the National Society adopt as the Society's stationery a linen paper having as its water mark a dove with an olive branch, like the old " Dove-Mill paper." At present, the Society' s stationery is marked with a spinning-wheel, but this seems unnecessary, as the emblem a blue spinning-wheel, is always stamped on the stationery. " Sheetz's Mill," on Mill creek, was one of the first, if not actually the first, of the paper mills in the colonies. Here was made the paper for Franklin's presses. Also, the early government paper and the Continental currency notes. Miss Kate Scheetz, a descendant of the early paper-makers, recently presented the Chapter with some pieces of the original " Dove Mill paper." One of these was sent to the National Board in Washington, with the request that the propriety of adopting the historic " Dove " might be considered. VERMONT. *** The annual meeting of Ann Story Chapter was held at Memorial Hall, Rutland, October 23. A new board of officers for the next two years was elected as follows : Regent, Mrs. W. C. Dunton ; secretary, Mrs. C. S. Caverly ; treasurer, Mrs. Engrem ; registrar, Mrs. O. W. Sterl, and histo- torian, Mrs. H. H. Dyer. *** The Marquis de Lafayette Chapter, of Montpelier, celebrated the anniversary of the battle of Saratoga, October 17, at the residence of Mrs. J. C. Houghton. Judge Carleton gave a graphic account of the battle ; Miss Jennie Phinney read extracts from the Baroness Reidetel' s narrative of the death and burial of Gen. Frazier ; and Rev. A. N. Lewis sketched Lafayette's visit to Montpelier in 1825. MINNESOTA. *** The Colonial Chapter, Minneapolis, met at the residence of Mrs. C. H. Hunter, October 22, for the purpose of holding an election. Following comprises the officers chosen : Regent, Mrs. G. H. Christian ; vice-regent, Celebrations and Proceedings. 497 Mrs. J. K. Hosmer; registrar, Miss Martha West ; recording secretary, Miss Margaret Stone ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. J. R. Corrigan ; treasurer, Mrs. Heyward ; historian, Mrs. A. B. Jackson ; chaplain, Mrs. Douglas ; auditor, Mrs. W. B. Washburn. There will be a social meeting with papers on historical subjects, on the Friday before Thanksgiving. *#* The St. Paul Chapter held its annual meeting October 21, at the Dayton Avenue Presbyterian Church, and elected officers for the ensuing year. Mrs. Delos A. Monfort was elected chapter regent by a unanimous vote of the members present. Mrs. Monfort is one of the charter members of the Society. The other officers are : Vice-regent, Mrs. Donaldson ; secretary, Mrs. George R. Metcalf ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. E. R. Sanford ; registrar, Mrs. J. P. Gribben ; historian, Miss Green ; chaplain, Mrs. S. J. R. McMillan. Mrs. E. C. Mason, the outgoing regent, presided at the meeting, and Mrs. McWiUiams, the secretary, reported on the work of the year. The registrar's report showed the Society to be in a very flourishing con dition, about thirty new members having been received during the past year. The Society now numbers about 1 30 members, and so rapid has been the growth that it has been decided to organize another Society, and to this end a few members of the parent organization have signified their intention of banding together to form a nucleus for the new Society. An interesting feature of the meeting was the paper read by Mrs. C. H. Whipple, on " Dutch Colonies." *#* The Minneapolis Chapter held its second annual meeting October 21, at the residence of Mrs. E. S. Williams, electing new officers and pass ing upon reports. The Chapter has acquired forty-eight members during the two years of its existence. The officers elected were : Regent, Mrs. W. B. Leach ; vice-regent, Mrs. R. F. Goodwin ; historian, Mrs. M. W. Lewis; registrar, Mrs. Frances H. Pillsbury; corresponding secretary, Miss Blaisdell ; chaplain, Mrs. E. S. Williams ; honorary chaplain, Mrs. C. O. VanCleve. Mrs. Williams, Mrs. Ell Torrance and Mrs. W. W. Rich were appointed a committee to draft a resolution expressive of the appreciation of Mrs. Lewis' services as regent during the past two years. Memorials for deceased members of the Chapter were read by the Historian. Greetings were sent to the newly formed Chapter in Duluth. A letter from Mrs. Newport, State regent, asking that attention be given to the matter of interesting children in the Daughters' societies, and that children's chapters be formed, was left with the Regent and Secretary for action. *** Mrs. John Quincy Adams, of St. Paul, gave" a reception October 17, for the Daughters to meet the State regent, Mrs. R. M. Newport, and visiting delegates of the patriotic societies. Mrs. Adams and Mrs. NewPort were assisted in receiving by the entire St. Paul Chapter. The guests who called during the afternoon included a large representation of both Minne apolis chapters. The house was elaborately decorated with flags, roses, palms and autumn leaves. A very interesting feature of the afternoon was. 498 The American Historical Register. the presentation to the St. Paul regent, Mrs. E. C. Mason, of a handsomely bound year-book of the Chapter. \* There is now a Chapter in Duluth. The members are Mrs. E. H. Fish, Mrs. D. B. Smith, Mrs. Barnes, Mrs. Ames and Mrs. Davey. Octo ber 25 the members were dined at the home of Mrs. D. B. Smith. The guests of the occasion were Mrs. McWiUiams, and Mrs. P. Gribben, of St. Paul. Society Sons of the American Revolution : wisconsin. *%* The Sons and Daughters of the American Revolution came together in the Atheneum, Milwaukee, to commemorate the surrender of Lord Cornwallis to Washington, October 19, 1 78 1. Committee of Daughters in whose hands the arrangements were left : Mmes. H. M. Pillsbury, Sid ney Hauxhurst and O. C. Fuller. The guests were received by President Swain and Senior Vice-President Wingate, of the Wisconsin So ciety, and State Regent Mrs. James Sidney Peck and Milwaukee Chapter Regent Mrs. Hamilton Townsend, of the Daughters of the American Revolution. After the greetings had been exchanged, President Swain stated briefly the object of the meeting, and introduced the orator and chief guest of the evening, Col. Henry L. Turner, of the ist regiment of Chicago, who made a most eloquent address, and who was frequently interrupted by the applause of the listeners. President Swain then announced that, while most of the members of the Sons and Daughters of the American Revolution were grandsons and granddaughters, yet there were still among them a few members who bore a near relationship, and that the Wisconsin Chapter of the Sons had such a one, Judge Collins, of Neenah, who is eighty-seven years old. Judge Collins then told the story of his father's enlistment and re-enlistment, and related many amusing anecdotes of the war that he had heard from the lips of his father and his father's comrades. Mrs. James S. Peck, State regent of the Daughters of the American Revolution then made a few remarks, stating that one member of Milwaukee Chapter, Mrs. Joseph Warren, of Wauwatosa, was a Daughter, her father having fought in the War of 1776-1783, and that another Daughter, Mrs. Eschweiler, would be admitted, and that as the Order of the Daughters numbers 8000 members and there were only some twelve Daughters on record, she thought the Milwaukee Chapter might well rejoice that it was so favored. She also extended the thanks of the Daughters to the ladies of the Committee of Arrangements and to Mrs. Wyman and Mrs. Williams. Refreshments were then served in the dining-room by Mrs. James G. Jenkins, Mrs. E. P. Vilas and Mmes. Hauxhurst, Fuller and Pillsbury. The Wisconsin Chapter of the Sons numbers seventy-five members, and the Milwaukee Chapter of the Daughters has over eighty members Celebrations and Proceedings. 499 enrolled, and Mrs. Peck, the State regent, reports most encouraging pros pects throughout the State. She went to Janesville to form a chapter there and started one with twenty-four members. Mrs. Lovejoy, of Janesville, was appointed chapter regent and gave a very elegant luncheon in honor of the establishment of the Chapter. MASSACHUSETTS. *x* The semi-annual meeting of the Massachusetts Society included an excursion to Salem, Peabody and Danvers, October 19. Nearly 200 members participated, leaving Boston at nine o'clock. After a short drive through the streets of Salem they passed through Peabody, making a stop at the Lexington monument, and inspecting other places of historic interest. The drive continued on through Danvers Centre and Tapleyville and to places connected with Revolutionary history, including the house where Gen. Gage made his headquarters, and also places connected with the witchcraft era. A call was made at the Danvers asylum and at Oak Knoll, once the home of the poet Whittier. Reaching Danvers Plains the party found the Universalist Church open for its accommodation. Dinner was served in the vestry, and there the postprandial exercises took place. President Barry called to order, and, after alluding to the pleasant tour of the points of interest, presented Rev. A. P. Putnam, president of the Danvers Historical Society. Other speakers were Capt. Philip Reade, U. S. Army, president of the Illinois Society of the Colonial Wars; Rev. W. H. Tricey, Rev. O. S. Butler, of George town ; Mrs. W. F. Masury, Mr. D. A. Massey and Mr. Ezra Hines, of Danvers. Ex-Mayor Sanders, of Cambridge, spoke of the late Col. W. L. Chase, who was at the head of a society of the Sons of the Revolution, and offered a series of resolutions expressive of sincere regret at the loss to the kindred organization and to the State. Other speakers were Eben Putnam, who did much to make the affair a success in Danvers, and C. E. Adams, of Lowell. The party then took carriages again and drove to Salem, seeing more historic spots on the way. The following addition to the constitution of the Society was adopted : ' ' Ten or more members of the Society, resident in any locality as may be approved by the board of managers, may form themselves into a chap ter, to be called by such name as said members may assume. A charter may be granted to such chapter by the board of managers, upon applica tion in writing of ten or more members- of the Society, stating name to be assumed, the location and names of its proposed members. Such chapter may enact a constitution and by-laws not inconsistent with those of the National Society or of this Society. "No person shall be admitted to such chapter unless he is a member in good standing of the Massachusetts State Society, Sons of the American Revolution, and all members of this Society of the Sons of the American Revolution resident within the territory of such chapter, shall be eligible to 500 The American Historical Register. membership therein. If any member of such chapter should cease to be a member of the State Society, his membership in the chapter shall also cease." It was also voted to amend the by-laws in Article I, Sec. 3, to increase the initation fee to $3, to take effect November 1, 1895. KENTUCKY. *#* The annual meeting of the State Society was held, October 19, at the Kenton Club, Louisville. The election of officers resulted as follows : President, Capt. Lewis Buckner ; vice-president, George Davidson Todd; secretary, George Twyman Wood ; treasurer, John Frankhn Lewis; regis trar, Dr. Thomas Page Grant ; historian, Capt. Thomas Speed ; chaplain,. the Rev. T. D. Witherspoon. Board of managers : Judge W. H. Bruce, Louisville; Gen. T. H. Taylor, Louisville; A. M. Rutledge, Louisville; John F. Henry, Louisville ; Ramsey Washington, Newport ; Mason Brown Barret, Frankfort. Two vacancies are yet to be filled by the board of managers. A committee of three was appointed to ascertain the cost of publishing the year-book of the Society. The historian was directed to prepare notices of Capt. Lewis Harvie, Gov. Charles Anderson and Benjamin Allin, mem bers of the Society who have died within the past year. After the business meeting a banquet was enjoyed. Mr. James F. Buckner was toastmaster, and called upon Judge Bruce, Mr. Mortimer Levering, J. F. Lewis, Dr. T. P. Grant, T. G. Watkins and J. C. Poston, who made brief impromptu talks upon the Society and its purposes. MARYLAND. *#* Peggy Stewart Day, commemorating the burning in colonial days of the historic tea-laden ship of that name in Annapolis harbor, was cele brated with a banquet, October 19, at the Hotel Rennert, Baltimore, by the Maryland Society. Col. William Ridgely Griffith presided. The officers of the 5th regiment Veteran Corps were special guests of the evening. Speeches were made by Col. Gaither, Capt. Allmand, Capt. Ward, Dr. Stockett, Capt. Neilson Poe, John Warfield, Col. F. P. Stevens, Edmund Law Rogers, Capt. G. W. Davison, Col. Charles T. Holloway, Capt. A. P. Shutt and Ruxton M. Ridgeley. The annual meeting of the Society was held before the banquet, when officers were unanimously elected as follows : President, Col. William Ridgely Griffith ; vice-presidents, Gen. Joseph Lancaster Brent, Dr. John Henry Jamar, Col. Charles Thomas Holloway ; secretary, John Richardson Dorsey ; treasurer, Alexander D. B. Courtenay ; registrar and historian, Dr. Albert Kimberly Hadel. Additional managers : Robert Armistead Woolbridge, John Warfield, Dr. Charles William Stockett, Francis Putnam Stevens, Archibald Barklie Coulter. The report of Col. Griffith, chairman of the committee on the Brook lyn monument celebration, was read, and the thanks of the Society were tendered him for his services. The Society sent the following communication to George A. Price,. Celebrations and Proceedings. 501 secretary of the Maryland Day Committee, the committee which had in charge the arrangements for the dedication, on August 27 last, of the monu ment erected in Prospect Park by the Maryland Society : "Peggy Stewart Day, Baltimore, Md., October 19. " The Maryland Society, Sons of the American Revolution, in annual meeting assembled remembers the grand patriotic demonstration and the whole-hearted kindness and liberality of the Brooklyn Citizens' Committee on August 27, 1895, and through you tender their sincere thanks to all that aided in making a success of our enterprise." OHIO. *^.* It has been decided to form in Cincinnati a chapter, and this will be done some time during the early winter. This has been found advisable on account of the fact that there are quite a number of the members of the Society in the city already, and more are being added. CONNECTICUT. *#* The Connecticut Society is again offering prizes to pupils in the public schools for original essays on topics relating to the Revolutionary war. We are glad to see the descendants of the heroes of 1 776 do this, because it stimulates a study of the causes and results of the Revolution, and such study cannot but inspire the students with the highest type of patriotism. KANSAS. *** The State Society held a meeting at the State Historical Society's rooms, Topeka, October 30, to consider the Cuban question, and sym pathetic resolutions were adopted. INDIANA. *** At a meeting of Anthony Wayne Chapter, No. 1, held October 26, at Fort Wayne, resolutions of sympathy for the Cubans were adopted and a committee was appointed to present the same to the Mayor, requesting him to call a mass meeting, October 31, to obtain a general expression of sympathy from citizens to be forwarded to Congress. COLORADO. \* The following answer to Attorney-General Harmon's letter, frown ing upon all expressions of American citizens of sympathy with the struggle in Cuba, has been made by the Colorado Society : Resolved, That we express to the people of Cuba, who are struggling to establish their national independence, the cordial sympathy of the Sons of the American Revolution. " Cuba is fighting against a tyranny beside which the tyranny of Great Britain, against which our forefathers fought, was mild and gentle. There is no man with American blood in his veins but sympathizes with Cuba in her struggle to throw off the yoke of Spain." 502 The American Historical Register. WEST VIRGINIA. *#* The State Society met November u, at Wheeling. Two new members were admitted and every possible effort will be made to enlarge the membership. The next meeting will be December 2 1 . This Society's "Day" is September 17, the anniversary of the battle of Fort Henry (Wheeling), the last battle of the Revolutionary War. MINNESOTA. *s* For several years past the Order has been offering valuable medals for essays on patriotic themes by public school scholars. This year the Declaration of Independence is the subject selected. All essays must be mailed to the secretary of the Society before February 5, 1896. The prizes will be awarded at the annual meeting of the Society in St. Paul on Washington's birthday, 1896. ILLINOIS. *x* At the Yorktown celebration banquet of the Illinois Society, held on Saturday night, October 16, at the Athletic Club, Chicago, resolutions were passed expressing sympathy with the Cubans in their efforts to liberate their country. The Secretary was instructed to communicate with sister societies in the various States, and request them to hold meetings in their respective States, October 31, in favor of relieving Cuba from Spanish rule. NEW YORK. *#* The annual meeting of the Rochester Chapter was held, October 17, at the Genesee Valley Club, when officers were chosen for the ensuing year and considerable other business of importance to the Society was transacted. The Chapter re-elected its old officers at follows : President, J. Warren Cutler; vice-president, John H. Rochester; secretary, E. G. Miner, Jr.; treasurer, F. P. Allen; registrar and historian, W. W. Webb; chaplain, Rev. Dr. Henry Anstice ; governing board, the officers ex officio and James G. Cutler, Frank W. Elwood and J. H. Steadman. The committee appointed some months ago to co-operate with other chapters in the marking of the graves of Revolutionary soldiers, made a report and was continued. Other committee reports were received, and several matters were discussed which will result in definite action in the near future. The Rochester Chapter numbers between thirty and forty members, and the number is increasing. VERMONT. *** Tne Society, on November 14, had a banquet at the Van Ness House, Burlington. There was a large attendance of members. The literary exercises of the occasion were of unusual interest. Many of the members attended with their wives and daughters, and the banquet was graced with the presence of many of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Celebrations and Proceedings. 503 The principal address of the evening was on the ' ' Battle of Benning ton," by Col. Olin Scott, of Bennington. Mayor Van Patton welcomed the guests on behalf of the city, and toasts were responded to by Senator Redfield Proctor, ex-Gov. Dillingham, Gen. J. G. McCullough, Congressman W. W. Grout, and other prominent members of the Society. CALIFORNIA. *.„.* The State Society gave a banquet, October 19, at the California Hotel, San Francisco, to commemorate the anniversary of the surrender of Cornwallis. Judge E. W. McKinstry presided at the handsomely decorated table and acted as toastmaster. The following were the toasts: "Origin and Early History of the Pioneers," Sidney V. Smith; "The 19th of October," C. J. King; "The French in the Revolution," C. L. P. Marrias ; " The Continental Congress and the Congress of '96," R. L. Gray ; " New England Minute Men," W. E.Hale; "The Press," E. Burke Holladay ; "The American Soldier," Gen. S. W. Backus ; "Our Guests," Col. A. S. Hubbard; "The National Guard," Gen. W. H. Warfield; "The Battle of Lexington," Col. A. D. Cutler. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. *#* At a meeting, November 13, Dr. W. W. Hubbell introduced a resolution for the union of the Society with the Sons of his Revolution. Dr. Hubbell wishes to have these two societies merged into one grand patriotic order under the title of the United Sons of the Revolution of 1776. Accord ing to the proposed plan all members of both societies will be eligible in the united one. Dr. Hubbell made an earnest appeal for favorable action on his reso lution. No action was taken on the resolution other than to refer it to the board of managers. Dr. Marcus Benjamin read a paper on the " Society of the Cincinnati," and Mr. A. Howard Clark one on " The Records of the American Revo lution and the Work of the Patriotic Societies Towards Their Preservation." Resolutions sympathizing with Cuba were passed. Society United States Daughters 181 2 holds its annual meeting in New York, at the residence of Mrs. S. A. Webster, 26 Beekman Place, January 8, when officers to serve for four years will be elected. Mrs. Louis W. Hall, of Harrisburg, Pa., is organizing a Pennsylvania State Society of which she is president. Mrs. S. C. Marsh, of Evanstown, 111., is organizing a chapter in Chicago. Other chapters are being strengthened in New York, Ohio Lousiana and Texas. V* In the week, beginning November 17, Christ Church, Philadel phia, celebrated the bi-centennial anniversary of its foundation. The president of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Charles J. Stifle, LL.D., delivered an address in the church on the 19th, upon the historical relations of Christ Church with Pennsylvania. 504 The American Historical Register. The Military' Order of the Loyal Legion: indiana commandery. *#* The Commandery held a successful meeting, October 23, in the Commandery's quarters, in the When Block, Indianapolis, Gen. Lew Wallace presided. The first speaker was Col. Oran Perry, who read a paper, entitled "A Dismal Night in Dixie." It described in graphic terms the embarking at Memphis in 1863 of 30,000 of Sherman's men for Vicksburg and the horrors of the first day's battle near Vicksburg, when an attempt was made to pontoon a bayou. The night settled dark and dreary in a heavy rain, and the men were forbidden to light a fire, which might enable the enemy to lodge a shell in the midst of the bivouac. Col. William R. Myers, ex-Secretary of State, was next called out. He said that he believed that a long stride was being taken in effacing sec tionalism, after attending the dedication of the battlefield monuments at Chickamauga. Such a scene was never before witnessed on this planet. After impromptu speeches by Gen. Sherwood, Commander-in-Chief Walker, of the Grand Army of the Republic, and by Maj. Richards, the members repaired to the lunch room. The December meeting of the Indiana Commandery will be held in Evansville, probably on the 19th, which will be the eighth anniversary of the organization. That the meeting goes to Evansville is due chiefly to the persistent efforts of Capt. Elder Cooper, of that city. MASSACHUSETTS COMMANDERY. *** The Massachusetts Commandery held its first meeting of the sea son in the American House, Boston, November 6, when 379 companions were present. Companion Capt. William A. Gile read a paper, entitled ' ' Maximilian in Mexico," covering the period immediately following the close of the war. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA COMMANDERY. \* The District of Columbia Commandery had a merry time at Will ard Hall, November 6. It was the first regular meeting this season, and there was a. large attendance. The business of the organization was first disposed of, Gen. Ordway presiding, with Maj. W. P. Huxford as recorder. The paper of the occasion was presented by Capt. Thomas Wilson, and was entitled " Chickamauga Park and the Dedication Ceremonies," being a description of the park as it now is used and an account of the ceremonies attending its dedication. WISCONSIN COMMANDERY. *** "Gainesville, Groveton and Bull Run" was the subject of discus sion at the banquet of the Commandery, November 6, at Milwaukee, a Celebrations and Proceedings. 505 paper being read and a half dozen impromptu addresses given by partici pants in that bloody struggle in the fall of 1862, in which Gibbons' " Iron brigade ' ' took a prominent part. The paper was read by Capt. Theron W. Haight, of Waukesha, who gave a description of his experiences through the fight. Among the subsequent speakers was Maj. Earl M. Rogers, of Viroqua, who served in the Iron brigade at the battle. Another Iron brigade veteran who spoke was Lieut. Jerome B. John son, who was wounded early in the engagement by a bullet in the left hip. Impromptu speeches were also made by Gen. Fairchild and Col. C. D. Cleveland. Gen. Olmstead, of Waukesha, a member of the Pennsylvania Com mandery, was introduced. PENNSYLVANIA COMMANDERY. *#* The Commandery held a meeting at the Union League, Philadel phia, November 6. There was a large attendance, and the affair passed off most pleasantly. In the absence of Gen. David McM. Gregg, Col. Green presided. Brig.-Gen. Lewis Merrill read a paper, entitled, " Reconstruction." He traced in the paper the progress of the North and South preceding the civil war, and then sketched the differences that brought about the great internecine conflict. The result of the war, he said, caused a reconstruction of the moral, social and political forces. Considerable interest was taken in the elections of members. Society of the War of 1 8 1 2 : maryland. **s The Society met in Baltimore, October 25, and adopted resolutions nj expressing sympathy with the Cubans and calling (||£FEyj22ifiSi upon Congress to recognize them as belligerents. ^|>3S^;->¦> -sss*ft J§fes Sep. 29, 1824. " Lafayette Day " in Philadelphia had become a part of the history of the city, when " the next morning the mayor, Joseph Watson, came to visit General Lafayette, he brought the report from the high constable, which he showed the General. ' See there,' said he, with an ex pression of lively satisfaction ; ' see how freemen behave. More than forty thousand strangers have come to participate in the rejoicings of my fellow-citizens, and I have not found it necessary to increase the number of watchmen. We have but a hundred and sixty, who are unarmed, and they have not had a single tumult to repress in this night of joyous and popular effervescence. Examine these reports ; not a single com plaint — not the slightest trouble ;' and joy sparkled in the eyes of this virtuous magistrate." About noon General Lafayette went to the State House and * From information supplied by members of the Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States. This illustrated account of the tour of the Nation's Guest was begun in our issue of July, 1895. " The chronicle of ' Lafayette' s Visit to the United States,' which is now ap pearing in The American Historical Register, is of particular interest at the present time. Just now there is indication of a revival of interest in Lafayette. He has scarcely receive the attention which he merits by reason of his picturesque and unique place in the struggle for American liberty. Next to Washington, he was the most interesting character in the Revolution. He appeared as a champion of liberty, fighting only for a principle. His service to the Revolutionary forces and the founders of the republic was inestimable, but still there was a great deal of the Don Quixote about him, which lent romance to his exploit. The Register for October contains many other good things." — The Record, Chicago. 522 The American Historical Register. MAJOR WILLIAM ered the address on the Lenox, pres. At five o'clock he dined with the corporation at " Mr. Kid's saloon, next to the Man sion House " At this affair there were mem bers of Congress, the governors of Pennsylva nia, New Jersey, and their staffs, the governor of Louisiana, senators Van Dyke, of Delaware, R. M. Johnson, of Ken tucky, and John Elliot, of Georgia, and many Revolutionary officers, among them Captain Anthony Cuthbert and Major Isaac Roach. received callers un til three o'clock. Among the bodies who paid their re spects to him were: The Society of the Cincinnati : David Lenox, Caleb North, Alexander W. Johnson, John Tolbert, John Markland, James Glentworth, Wil liam Jackson, John Steele, Peter Peres, Callender Irvine, John R. Latimer, and Allen Mc- Lane. Major Wil- JACKS0N- liam Jackson deliv- part of the Society, signed by David MRS WILLIAM JACKSON. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 523 PETER s. duponceau.* Mayor Watson presided, and Dr. White said grace. After the cloth was removed there were responses to thirteen regular toasts and a number of volunteer toasts by Mr. Mcllvaine, Adjutant-General Porter, Samuel Breck, Matthew Carey, Colonel William Duane, Peter Christian. Edward S. Burd, Aquilla A. Browne, Samuel Badger, and William Strictland. In the evening he joined a small party at the house of Rev. Dr. Fredrick Beasley, provost of the University of Pennsylvania, who resided at 289 Chestnut street ; and at 10 o'clock, went to the beautiful mansion of General and Mrs. Thomas Cadwalader, southeast corner Ninth and Arch streets, where he remained until midnight with a number of * From a portrait owned by the American Philosophical Society. 524 The American Historical Register. distinguished per sons, chiefly mili tary officers, assem bled by the Major- General to meet him.* On Thurs- SeP- 3°' riav and Oct. i. aay a.na Friday the General's rooms at his hotel were crowded, and a great number of ladies and gentle men were present ed ; numerous so cieties also came forward and ten dered their thanks and veneration to him in appropriate and sometimes highly eloquent addresses, delivered by some favorite person from their number. One of the deputations was the pastors of every church in the county, headed by the venerable Bishop White, chaplain of Congress during the Revolution. Another deputation was composed of the French residents of the city, headed by Mr. Duponceau, who had also headed the deputa tion from the Philosophi- JUDGE WILLIAM TILGHMAN. * Communicated by Dr. Charles Cadwalader. FREDRICK BEASLEY, D. D. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 525 cal Society and the Philadelphia Bar. He was an old friend of Lafayette, as he had served as an aid on the staff of General Steuben. General Simon Bernard, who had been lieutenant- general of engineers under Bonaparte, and subsequently was appointed by Congress brevet brigadier general in United States army and placed in charge of the construction of fortifications, was also with the French gentlemen. WILLIAM WHITE, D. D. These two days were especially interesting to the General. On Thursday evening he dined privately at his hotel, kept by Chester Bailey, and subsequently visited at Dr. Griffitt's, and th n went to Mr. Huerta's concert, in Masonic Hall, and after this called upon Mrs. Powell. During these days addresses were delivered to him, one after another, by deputations, in MS. books and scrolls. The aged soldiers were represented by Dr. John 526 The American Historical Register. Keemle; the Bible Society and the Chamber of Com merce, by Robert Ralston; the young ladies of Patrick Coad's school, by Miss Johan na Grotjan, daughter of Peter A. Grotjan, and granddaughter of Captain Samuel Pennimore, who served under Lafayette and also paid his respects to him at this time; the pupils of Rhand's school, the Wash ington Benevolent Society, by William Milnor — on behalf of this Society Samuel Kennedy presented Lafayette at Wash ington Hall, with a snuff-box made of the wood of the Penn Treaty tree. On Friday, before dinner, the General called upon the family of Judge Peters and upon Mrs. William Jackson, 97 Spruce street. After Din ing with Governor Shulze, he visited the widow and daugh ter of Colonel Tousard at Mr. Anthony Stocker's, 118 Pine street, and Mrs. Nicklin, daughter of General McPher- son. Lafayette also called with Judge Tilghman and Mr. Biddle on several people whom he had known in war times, among them Hannah Till, a colored woman, then aged over one hundred years, at her home, 182 South Fourth street, below Pine street. She had been cook Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 527 to Washington and Lafayette for several years. The General learned that "Aunt Hannah's" home was encumbered with a mortgage, and arranged before he left the city to have it paid off. Another old acquaintance he visited was Sergeant Wallace, who, it was alleged, carried him when he was wounded at the battle of Brandywine. In the evening he visited the rooms of the Philosophical Society, listened to a paper on " Improvement in Government," RESIDENCE OF CHARLES L. BONAPARTE, S. E. COR. TWELFTH AND MARKET STREETS. by Mr. Ingersoll, and held a brief reception to the members, and then went to Nicholas Biddle's, 273 Chestnut street, where he remained the balance of the evening. During the day a meeting of the prominent citizens was held at the Coffee House to take steps towards erecting a monument to Washington in Washing ton square. Lafayette was asked to lay the corner stone and Ehhu Chauncy was appointed treasurer of the monument fund. 528 The American Historical Register. Among those who privately entertained General Lafayette during this visit to Philadelphia was General Robert Patterson. At that time he was thirty-two years of age and full of youthful MRS. ROBERT MORRIS.* enthusiasm and patriotism. He had already served his country as captain in the War of 1812. General Patterson at that time was living in a large, old-fashioned brick house on the east side of Ninth street, No. 113, between Walnut and Locust. He was one of the committee on invitation to the ball given in honor of General Lafayette, and Mrs. Patterson went with her husband to the ball.f On Saturday, General Latayette visited the navy yard. About half-past eleven o'clock the line of march was * From portrait by Trumbull. Copy furnished by her descendant, Dr. Henry Morris, Philadelphia. J Communicated by Mrs. Sara P. Mitchel. Oct. 2. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 5 29 taken up. A company of Marines from the yard, in charge of Major Gamble, with a band of music, led the van; then followed a large body of volunteer militia, the whole under command of Colonel John G. Watmough ; after which came the barouche in which were seated General Lafayette and Governor Shulze ; then followed a number of carriages, containing the Board of Com missioners of Southwark, the Committee of Arrangements and distinguished guests, the ist City Troop acting as a body-guard. The civic portion of the procession was led by Naval-Con- MRS. MARY KENYON ASHBRIDGE.* structor Samuel Humphreys, as chief marshal, and assistants: Richard Palmer, Ebenezer Ferguson, Joshua Reybold, Robert * From miniature in possession of Mrs. Henry Hobart Bellas, Germantown, Philadelphia. 53° The American Historical Register. O'Neil, George L. Eyre and Alexander J. Reed. The cortege was preceded by citi zens residing in the district of Southwark, carrying handsome banners with appro priate designs and in scriptions. They were followed by a depu tation from the Lafay ette Guards; then came the Society of Painters, the " Young Men Mechanics," the Shipbuilders, the Fra ternity of Coopers were followed by the citizens of Moyamen- sing ; after them came the Weavers and the Red Men. The procession moved from the Mansion House, passing down Third to South, down South to Second. On turning this corner there came in view a very handsome arch, with spandrels, erected just below Shippen (now Bainbridge) street. On the keystone of the arch was in- I ,^S£^k~ scribed in large letters, " Lafay- } ette," with the motto, " The | man whom we delight to hon or;" on the reverse was, "The 1 friend of Liberty." Lower down on Second street were four lofty poplar trees, two on I either side, and directly oppo site each other, the tops of j£ which had been drawn together /' by strong tackle, so that their boughs formed a beautiful and very graceful arch. Two smaller sergeant Wallace. HORACE BINNEY. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 531 arches were thrown across the street, beneath the green foliage, the trunks of the trees forming the pillars. A very handsome arch was also erected on German street, near Fifth. The procession passed down Second to Christian ; thence to NICHOLAS BIDDLE. Front, and down the latter street to the navy yard. Upon the whole line of the route the windows of the houses were crowded with ladies, who waved their handkerchiefs and threw out bouquets of fragrant flowers as the hero passed along. Arriving at the south gate, the party alighted from the carriages and 532 The American Historical Register. II 111 Bllffli PETERS MANSION, "BELMONT." entered the quarters of Major Gamble, commanding the Marine Corps. Lafayette was here received by Commodore Barron. In front of the quarters he was appropriately and eloquently addressed by Dr. Joel B. Sutherland on behalf of the citi zens of Southwark. The reply of the veteran was charac terized by that feel ing and impressive- ness which invari ably marked his productions. He was then received by Mrs. Gamble in her drawing-room,where he met a large assemblage of ladies, among whom was Mrs. Lewis, the stepdaughter ol General Washing ton. After partaking JOHN SERGEANT. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 533 of refreshments, the General proceeded to the parade ground, and in company with Governor Shulze, Commodore Barron, Generals Cadwalader and Bernard, passed in front of the Ma rines, who were drawn up in line at a present arms, after which a salute of twenty-one guns was fired from the battery. In the avenue leading from the barracks were stationed 800 well-dressed children, belonging to the Southwark Free School, who chanted an anthem, composed for the occasion, as the illustrious guest '-. WF ROBERT RALSTON. passed along. Near this a triumphal arch, of classical construc tion, had been erected by Commodore Barron. It was sur mounted by a completely equipped ship in miniature, bearing the French flag. She was intended to represent the La Bonne Mere, the vessel which first bore the gallant hero to our shores. On the head of the arch was inscribed his magnanimous declara tion to our commissioners in Paris, when, with grief, they informed him " that the exhausted state of their funds and their 534 The American Historical Register. COMMODORE DALE. reaching the eastern end of he was again saluted, this the receiving ship.heryards and rigging being manned by the jolly tars who com posed her crew, and they made the very welkin ring with loud and heartfelt cheering. The com pany now pro ceeded to the mold 1 o f t , where a sump tuous banquet had been pro- vided. A- mong the dis- tingui s hed total lack of credit made it impos sible to procure for him the means of conveyance across the Atlantic." "Then," said he, "I will purchase and equip a vessel myself." Stacks of muskets adorned the bases of the arch, the tout ensemble producing a very fine and striking effect. Pass ing down the avenue towards the river, followed by a great concourse of officers and citizens, he was sa luted by the Lafayette battery, tem porarily placed in the lower part of the yard for this occasion. Upon the wharf, near the large ship -house, time by the corvette John Adams, DR. JOEL Ii SUTHERLAND Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 535 guests present were the Gene- rat's son, Colonel Torrens, Secretary of Legation from Mexico, Governor Shulze and his aids, Colonel Pallascos, Consul General of Colombia, the venerable Bishop White, Judge Peters, members of the Society of the Cincinnati, the Mayor, Recorder and mem bers of the City Councils, Generals Cadwalader, Bernard and Patterson, and many prominent naval and army officers. After Bishop White had pronounced the blessing, Commodore Barron delivered an eloquent address, closing his remarks with these words : " Permit me, dear General, to assure you that among the ten millions of my countrymen who bid you a heartfelt welcome, none do it with more sincerity than those attached to the navy." The General replied in fitting terms, COMMODORE BARRON. MARINE BARRACKS, OLD NAVY YARD, PHILADELPHIA. 536 The American Historical Register. MAJOR ISAAC ROACH. highly eulogizing that \ branch of the service to which the Commodore himself had added lustre, and closed his speech with the following remarks: "I am happy, my dear Com modore, in your affectionate welcome ; but whatever '• may be my feelings of per- ' sonal gratitude to the navy of the United States, I feel myself under still greater obligations to it for the honor it has done to the American name in every part of the globe." During the repast Johnson's fine band played many appropriate airs. The mold loft, where the collation was served, was 1 20 feet long by 45 feet wide. Eighty feet of this spacious apartment was appro priated to the ladies, and sep arated by a screen and fold ing doors, from the apartment designed for the reception of the General. In this room were at least 600 la dies ; a greater assemblage of - beauty and fashion had, perhaps, never been witnessed in Philadelphia THOMAS P. COPE. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 5 37 on any former occasion. After the choice viands, furnished by John Kelly, one of the workmen at the yard, had been thor oughly discussed, the folding doors were thrown open, and the gentlemen entered the ladies' apartment ; and here the illustri ous visitor was almost overpowered by that delicate homage the gentler sex so well know how to pay. He retired about MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE IZARD, U. S. ARMY. three o'clock — and was again saluted by the batteries and the receiving ship — to Major Gamble's quarters, and rested a while. Thus ended one of the most memorable events recorded upon the log of the old Philadelphia Navy Yard. Secretary John Quincy Adams, who happened to be in Philadelphia at that time, made an entry in his private journal referring in glowing 53« The American Historical Register. DR. JAMES RUSH. terms to the warm and enthusiastic ovation ten dered to Lafayette by the naval officers at tached to the Philadel phia Navy Yard. The General re turned to the city es corted by the military, and went to the Ma sonic Temple to dine with about 400 -Masonic brethren and M. W. Grand Master Judge John B. Gibson. The dinner, which had been prepared by Haviland, was kept waiting over an hour for the General, who tarried too long at the navy yard. After this function Lafayette visited Mrs. Barry and attended Professor Francis Blondeau's concert, and listened to a pro gramme of songs and marches dedicated to him. (Lafayette was very much affected with such honors upon this visit. An admirer, Dr. T. W. Dyott, pre sented him with a " La fayette Flask," a pint pocket brandy bottle with a likeness of the General impressed on one side and on the re verse the arms of the United States. "La fayette Snuff-boxes," "Lafayette Stocks" and " Lafayette Cra- mrs. james rush. i'l llfllli Pi Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 5 39 Oct. 3. vats," bearing his picture, had a large sale in the streets). The General then re paired to Gene ral Cadwalader s for the balance of the evening. On Sun day, La fayette attended divine service at the historic Christ Church, where he occu pied General Washington'spew with Mrs. Morris and Miss Frances Wright, a guest of Mrs. Olmsted on North Fourth street, who ac companied him. Miss Wright was Madame d'Arusmont, an English lady known subsequently as the "pioneer woman in the cause of woman's rights." Many distinguished strangers and officials were present, among them John Quincy Adams and wife. After the service the General walked out Chestnut street with Mrs. Morris and called upon Major Lenox, at northwest corner of Chestnut and Tenth streets. After attending vespers at St. Augustine's, he drove into the country and dined with Judge Peters at his seat " Belmont," who had invited several officers of distinction to meet him. On his return to the city late in the evening from "Farmer" Peters' — the Judge prided himself on this appellation and that he had the " richest, oldest and largest farm in Pennsylvania," — the General made several calls upon acquaintances who expected him. MRS. THOMAS CADWALADER. 54° The American Historical Register. On Mon- Oct. 4. day morn- ing about three thousand children of both sexes, from the d i fferent schools in Philadel phia, were arranged on the State House lawn and addressed by General Lafay ette, and delivered addresses to him. One of the youthful orators of the day was Henry Cad walader, a son ot General Cadwala der, a pupil of the academy of Tappan joseph hopkinson. ancj Staples, and another was Malvina Kay, a pupil of T. T. Smiley's school, 29 Church alley. Subsequently during the day Lafayette with Judge Peters and Mr. J. Q. Adams and the Councils' Committee, visited many public institutions. At the Pennsylvania Hospital they found all the floors ingeniously decorated with flowers, wreathes, mottoes, etc., or wrought in white sand. Here they were entertained by Messrs. Samuel Coates, Roberts Vaux, Charles Roberts and Thomas Morris. After dining with Revolutionary officers at the Mansion house, he attended in the evening a grand civic ball at the Chest nut Street Theatre, the managers being J. R. Ingersoll, Samuel Breck, James N. Barker, George M. Dallas, Benj. Tilghman, Nath. Chapman, Robert Patterson, Louis Clapier, A. M. Pre- vost, John K. Kane, Nicholas Biddle and Joseph Mcllvaine; and assistants : Isaac Norris, E. F Brasier, Charles F. Mumford, Alex. W. Ingersoll, H. D. Gilpin, Edward Yorke, A. Monges, Thos. Nancrede and Edward Carey. The company began to assemble soon after seven o'clock, and consisted of two thousand or more persons, of whom six or seven hundred were invited Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 541 strangers, among them Mr. J. Q. Adams and wife, U. S. Senators John Elliot, of Georgia, and T. H. Williams, of Mississippi ; Mr. Forsythe, of Georgia ; Mr. Christopher Rankin, of Mississippi ; the Du Ponts, of Delaware; Colonel K. J. Van Dyke, aid to Gov ernor of Delaware ; Midshipman L. M. Goldsborough, Mrs. Anthony, Miss Abercrombie, Mrs. and Miss Binney, Mrs R. H. Bayard, Mrs. Thomas Biddle, Miss Barclay, Mrs. and Miss Chapman, Mrs. Cadwalader, Mrs. and Miss Clapier, Mrs. and Miss Chew, Miss Drayton, Miss Dickenson, Mrs. W. F. Emlin, Mrs. and Miss Frazier, Mrs. and the Misses Gilpin, the Misses Gouverneur, the Misses Hamilton, Mrs. J. R. Ingersoll, Mrs. and the Misses Jandon, Mrs. Kean, Mrs. and the Misses Lieper, Mrs. Lardner, the Misses McEuen, Mrs. and the Misses McCall, Mrs. and the Misses Meredith, the Misses Mifflin, Mrs. Norris, Mrs. GEORGE WOLF. 542 The American Historical Register. ROBERT WHARTON. and the Misses Peters, Mrs. and Miss Prevost, Mrs. and Miss Read, Dr. and Mrs. Rush, Mrs. and the Misses Smith, Mrs. and the Misses Tilghman, the Misses Travis, Miss Wain, Miss Will ing, Miss Wilcocks, Mrs. and the Misses Pennington, General Izard, and many prominent military men.* The ball regulations stated that the " usual ball dress must be worn ; no gentleman can be admitted in boots." Twenty- two hundred tickets were issued. General Lafayette appeared at nine o'clock, and was received at the door by the man agers of the ball. He was conducted the whole length of the apartments, through an avenue formed by the ladies (with them the daughters of Dr. Bollman, who generously attempted the * From the Daily Advertiser, October 4th and 7th, 1S24. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 543 rescue of Lafayette from the prison at Olmiitz*), to the bottom of the stage, where Mrs. Robert Morris, surrounded by a bevy of young ladies, among whom were Mrs. Mary K. Ashbridge, a protegee of Mrs Morris ; Miss Sallie Patterson, Mrs. William Jackson. Governor Shulze and Mayor Watson waited to greet him, the band playing an appropriate air during his pro gress. As soon as he was seated the dancers were called, and at least four hundred couples were immediately on the floor. The dancing did not cease until near five o'clock, though the company began to retire at about three. The ladies were JOHN VAUGHN. * An entertaining book entitled "The Knight of Liberty; » Tale of the For tunes of La Fayette," by Hezekiah Butterworth, published recently by D. Appleton & Co., New York, relates with illustrations the episode in Lafayette's life in which Eric Bollman, the German medical student, and the young American, Francis Kin- lock Huger, took so prominent a part that they will ever be associated with that of Lafayette and the Olmiitz prison. 544 The American Historical Register. served with refreshments in the ballroom while the gentlemen feasted on the second floor. At twelve one of the managers from an upper box proclaimed a toast to the nation's guest, which was hailed with enthusiasm, and accompanied by the descent of a banner from the ceiling, on which a sentiment was wrought in golden characters. Behind this was suddenly displayed a portrait of the General. capt. cuthbert. On Tuesday afternoon Lafayette dined with the French gentlemen of the city at Washington Hall. This was a very elegant affair. Amongst those who spoke to toasts were : John Q. Adams, Mr. Salazar, General Bernard, G. W. Lafayette, Judge Peters, C. J. Ingersoll, Joseph Watson, George Vaux, R. Branu, L. Clapier, J. J. Borie, M. Levasseur, V. P. Laurens, Dr. J. G. Nancrede, A. Tesseire, P. Lajus, M. Tete, G. Garesche, Mr. Breban, A. Monges, W. Tete and Mr. Paihet. In the evening at eight o'clock he left Philadelphia for Chester in the steamboat, Willmour Whilldin, captain, accompanied by the Governor of the State, committee of the councils, and General Cadwalader. The Committee of Arrangement, by the particular desire of General La Fayette, request the honour of Company — to dine with the General, at the Mansion House, on Monday next, at 5 P. M. By order. Chairman.; Saturday, 2d Oct. 1824, (To be continued!) C. H. B. MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH. BY MARGARET W. LEIGHTON. Michael Wigglesworth says in his autobiography : " I was born of godly parents that feared ye Lord greatly, even from their youth, but in an ungodly place, where the generality of the peo ple rather derided than imitated their piety." We do not know the exact location of this place, but it was somewhere in York shire county, England. In 1638, when Michael was seven years old, his parents decided to come to the new world, where they would have more religious freedom than was possible in England. They stopped at " Charles Town," Mass., for about a year, and then sailed for New Haven. Their first winter there was a very trying one. They lived in a cellar, which was partly underground, and one night the heavy rain poured in, drenching little Michael in his bed. In consequence of this, he had a severe illness. Before he was eight he was sent to school to the famous Ezekiel Cheever, then a young man, lately married, who kept school in his own house. He says : " Under him in a year or two I profited so much through ye blessing of God, that I began to make Latin and to get forward a pace." But just at this time his father became lame and had to take him out of school. By the time he was fourteen, he says, he had forgotten all the Latin he knew. This so distressed his ambitious and disinterested father that he again sent him to school. He found all the boys who were below him before had now risen far above him, and was disheartened. He must have been an apt scholar, for, notwithstanding his disadvantages, it was not long before he outstripped many of them. After two and three-quarters years he was sent to Harvard 546 The American Historical Register. College, which, he tells us, was an act of great self-denial on his father's part, as he had " but one son to be the staff of his age and supporter of his weakness," and was poor beside. At this time the divinity students were required to repeat the sermons, which had been preached to them in public, when ever called upon. Michael was familiar with shorthand — no doubt quite a rare accomplishment in those days — and he took down the sermons as they were delivered. He says when he entered college he had a " naughty, vile heart," and acted " from self and for self; '' but, when he had been there about three and a half years, God, in his love and pity to his soul, wrought a great change in him, both in heart and life, and from that time forward he " learnt to study with God and for God." Before this time he had thought of devoting REV. EDWARD WIGGLESWORTH, SECOND MOLLIS I'RilFESSOR OF DIVINITY AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Michael Wiggle sworth. 547 himself to the study and practice of " physick," but then decided to devote his life to " serve Christ in the work of the ministry." He graduated at the head of his class in 165 1, taking, with nine others, the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Soon after this he was chosen a Fellow of the college, acting as tutor, and Cotton Mather says of him : " With rare Faithfulness did he adorn the Station, laboring to make his pupils good Christians as well as good scholars." We have some specimens preserved of his method of instruction, which show the earnest, enthusiastic character of the man. One address to his pupils on " Eloquence," says : " Of Cicero, who, when he had naturally a. shrill, screaming, ill-tuned voyce, rising to such a note that it indangered his very life, yet by art and industry he acquired such a commendable habit as none with ease could speak more sweetly than he. And Demosthenes, though he were naturally of a stammering tongue, crasy- body'd and broken- winded, and withall had accustomed himself to a jetting uncomely deportment of his body, or some part of it at least ; when, to conclude, he had scarce any part of an orator, yet, by his indefatigable pains, he so overcame these natural defects as that he came to be reputed prince of the Grecian Eloquence. . Would you, then, obtain this skill ? Take Demosthenes his course ; gird up your loins ; put to your shoulders, and to it again and again and again ; let nothing discourage you." All the time he was teaching he was preparing himself for the ministry, and his devoted, self-sacrificing father had the great satisfaction of knowing before his death that Michael had begun to preach. The first call that he is known to have had was to Maiden, about a year after his father's death, in 1654. He succeeded Maiden's first and not over-liked elder, Rev. Marmaduke Mathews. He was only twenty-two years of age, and was ordained as teacher. An old English custom brought to this country was that of choosing two ministers for each church, one called the teacher, the other the pastor. The former officiated in the pulpit, while the latter cared for the flock in the open field, exhorting and arousing the people between the times for their congregating at the house of worship. Mr. Wigglesworth's constitution was not by any means a robust one, and much of the time his health was so poor that he was obliged to relinquish his active church duties. After work ing in Maiden for ten years, he had serious thoughts of resigning the ministerial office on account of his poor health. 548 The American Historical Register. REV. EDWARD WIGGLESWORTH, D. D., FIRST HOLLIS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY OF HARVARD COLLEGE. No physician of that time seems to have understood the nature of his malady, or been able to do anything to benefit him. He says in his commonplace book: "My distemper will not suffer me to be in any one place or posture half an hour at a time. I cannot go abroad to meet with friends, nor am I able to discourse an hour with any that come to me." He speaks of trying various kinds of pills, but with no good results. During this long period of ill health he worked most indus triously in doing what good he could. This consisted largely of writing poems on religious subjects. Of these, his frightful " Day of Doom " became very celebrated. It is a description of the last judgment portrayed in the light of the convictions of our stern Puritan ancestors. How can we reconcile the gentle charity of Mr. Wigglesworth's actual life with the demoniac satisfaction with which, in the name of Christ, he disposes of the condemned : Michael Wigglesworth. 549 CCI. THE JUDGE PRONOUNCETH SENTENCE. Ye sinful wights and cursed sprights that work iniquity, Depart together from me forever to endless Misery ; Your portion take in yonder Lake, where Fire and Brimstone flameth ; Suffer the smart which your desert as its due wages claimeth. CCV. They wring their hands, their catiff hands, and gnash their teeth for terror ; They cry, they roar for anguish sore, and gnaw their tongues for horror. But get away without delay, Christ pities not your cry ; Depart to Hell, there may you yell and roar eternally. Faint indeed to-day is our conception of the comfort taken by the primitive Puritan in the inexorableness of law. The children studied this book with their catechisms, learning among other things that the unbaptized infants were assigned the easiest room in Hell. The first edition of eighteen hundred copies was published in 1662, and by the end of the year every book was sold. This was a remarkable fact considering the character of the book and that only forty-two years had elapsed since the landing of the Pilgrims. Mr. John Ward Dean in his " Memoir of Michael Wigglesworth " says the popularity of this book was as great as that of " Uncle Tom's Cabin." Mr. Wigglesworth made some money by the sale of this edition, and took a voyage to Bermuda the following year, mostly in the hope of improving his health, but also " to help the people's modesty " in putting in his place " a better watchman and a more painful laborer." He took eight barrels of flour with him, but says he was unable to sell them as the people could not make a good loaf of bread. Their diet was so " faint " it did not at all agree with him. He returned only slightly benefited in health, but he tells us that he found more love from his people and they did more for him of their own free wills than for many years before his journey. About the time he was called to Maiden he married Mary Reynor, of Rowley. She died after a few years, leaving him one little girl. At this time his second wife was unborn. About the year 1679 ne married Martha Mudge, of Maiden. She had been his serving maid, and was but eighteen years of 550 The American Historical Register. age, six years younger than his daughter. There was consider able feeling among the people against this marriage, as it was considered extremely unsuitable. Rev. Increase Mather offered as a great objection the fact that she had never been baptized, was not a church member, and he said : " The like never was in New England. Nay, I question whether the like has been known in the Christian world." Notwithstanding these remonstrances Mr. Wigglesworth said he never regretted the marriage, and that this wife was the means of his acquiring a better state of health. She died at twenty-eight, leaving five girls and one boy. He says with regard to his writing, " Some days the Lord hath so assisted me that I have made near or above twenty staves." He was ardently devoted to his people and ministered to their bodily wants as well as their spiritual. He had made some study of medicine, and tells us that one of his remedies was Balsam of Fennel. We read in his Sabbath memoranda entries like the follow ing: "March 21, 1658. Oh, how vehemently do I desire to serve God, and not myself, in the conversion of souls this day ! June 5th. Now in the strength of Christ I desire to seek him and the advancement of God's glory in the salvation of souls this day. Oh that I might see the fruit of my labors before I die ! Oh my soul perform this as thy last." In May, 1686, he had the honor of being called to preach the sermon before the General Court of the colony and was asked afterwards to prepare it for printing. For many years there was no salary settled upon Mr. Wigglesworth, and the early town records of Maiden being lost we cannot see what presents were bestowed by his parishioners. In December, 1682, it is recorded that a cartload of fire- wood was voted him. In order to help support his family he prepared young men for the ministry. In 1693 it was voted that he should have in money fifty-five pounds yearly, the use of the parsonage and sufficient fire-wood as long as he continued in his ministerial office. It was less than two years after his second wife's death that he began to write to Mrs. Avery, the widow of an eminent Dedham physician. The first letter is dated Maiden, Feb. 11, 1690. In it he thanks her for courtesies to him while he was at Michael Wigglesworth. 551 her house the preceding October, and asks her if she still con tinues in her widowhood and whether a man may visit her with out offense. He says, " If you cannot conveniently return an answer in writing so speedily you may trust the messenger to bring it by word of mouth, who is grave and faithful and knows upon what errand he is sent." He condoles with her upon the death of her mother which had recently occurred. In the second letter dated March 23, 169 1, he begins as before by thanking her for her kind entertainment of him, and continues, " I have made bold once more to visit yo.u by a few lines in ye inclosed paper, not to prevent a personal visit, but rather to make way for it, which I fully intend the beginning of ye next week if weather and health Prevent not, craving the favor that you will not be from home at that Time." In the inclosed paper he sets forth plainly all the reasons why it would be desirable for Mrs. Avery to become his wife, and also the objections to the same. A portion of this most curious epistle says, " Be pleased to con sider that although you may Peradventure have offers made you by Persons more Eligible, yet you can hardly meet with one that can love you better, or whose love is built upon a surer founda tion, or that may be capable of doing more for you in some respects than myself. But let this be spoken with all humility, and without ostentation. I can never think meanly enough of myself. Whither there be not a great suitableness in it for one that hath been a Physician's wife to match with a Physician." Of the objections he offers as the first and greatest his age, the next the number of his children, but says, " the number may be lessened if there be need of it." What frightful possibilities this sentence suggests, however, we can only conjecture, as Mrs. Avery evidently did not require that the number of children should be reduced, but brought more with her We learn that she was beloved for her kind, charitable disposition, and it was no doubt a great blessing to him to have such a wife in his old age. During his last courtship he had made for Mrs. Avery a tiny silver locket, which is still in perfect condition. It is curiously wrought, on the face a heart resting on an anchor, with wings on either side and on the back the words, " thine forever.'' This descended after Mrs. Wigglesworth's death to her great-grand- 552 The American Historical Register. son, Rev. Thomas Cary, a minister in Newburyport. Mr. Cary's colleague, Dr. Andrews, had married a descendant of Michael Wigglesworth. One day Dr. Andrews' family were visiting Mr. Cary's. As a pleasant entertainment Mr. Cary told his guests the story of the locket and brought it out. It was on a ribbon and he hung it round the neck of Dr. Andrew's daughter, saying it ought to go to another branch now, having remained in his family long enough. The little girl's mother had received among other relics after her father's death a tiny silver box. The cover was made of an English shilling and on the bottom were the letters S. W. She had never been able to discover for what purpose the box was intended. It was too small for a ring, but the little heart-shaped locket just fitted into it, and of course the letters S. W. stood for Sybil Wigglesworth, Mrs. Avery's name after her second marriage. So after having descended in separate branches of the family for three genera tions, the two parts of this devoted lover's gift were reunited in the fourth. It was Michael Wigglesworth's earnest wish that he should continue useful to the end of his life, and this was granted him, in that he was sick only ten days, and " was but one Lord's day taken off before his last." He died on Sunday morning, June 10, 1705, lacking but a few months of seventy-four. Cotton Mather, in his sermon upon Mr. Wigglesworth's life and character, said : " It was a surprise unto us to see a Little, Feeble Shadow of a Man, beyond Seventy, Preaching Twice and Thrice in a Week ; Visiting and Comforting the Afflicted ; Encouraging the Private Meetings ; Catechising the Children of the Flock, and managing the Government of the Church, and attending the Sick, not only in his own Town, but also in all those of the Vicinity." He was a man belonging to the strictest sect of Puritans. The clergy of that day were Bible students — men of prayer; humble, patient, hopeful — and, if " their creed was opaque, their hearts were luminous. They stood on a higher plane than their successors, exercising proportionally a higher power over their hearers. Their people revered them, were constant in attend ance on their services and submitted gladly to their sway." * * John Ward Dean, in " Memoir of Michael Wigglesworth." Michael Wigglesworth. 553 Rev. Joshua Wheelman says in his " Ecclesiastical History of Maiden," speaking of Mr. Wigglesworth : " He was possessed of a sweet and gentle spirit ; his life was full of kind words and deeds and was devoted to the good of others." He says it was a remarkable fact that the first three Hollis professors of divinity at Harvard College, who held the chair for eighty successive years with high reputation, should have been the son, grandson and great-grandson of that good man. The first Hollis professor was Mr. Wigglesworth's youngest son, the only child born after his marriage with Mrs. Avery. Not long ago I visited Mr. Wigglesworth's grave in the old Maiden cemetery known as Bell Rock. All about the dark slate headstones bore names familiar to students of early New England history. The inscriptions on many were very clear, and I had no difficulty in reading the legend on Mr. Wiggles worth's : MEMENTO FUGIT MORI HORA HERE LYES BURIED Ye BODY OF THAT FAITHFUL SERUENT OF JESUS CHRIST Ye REUEREND MR. MICHAEL WIGGLESWORTH PASTOUR OF Ye CHURCH OF CHRIST AT MAULDEN YEARS WHO FINNISHED HIS WORK AND ENTRED APON AN ETERNAL SABBATH OF REST ON Ye LORDS DAY IUNE Ye 10 1705 IN Ye 74 YEAR OF HIS AGE. HERE LYES INTERD IN SILENT GRAUE BELOW MAUI.DENS PHYSICIAN FOR SOUL AND BODY TWO. At the top was one of the hideous cherub's heads so much used in those early days. Beside him sleep a young daughter of his last wife and a grandson. His second wife lies not far away. I strolled slowly up the street which bears his name and stood on the great rock, where the bell which called our fore fathers to meet for prayer and counsel hung so long. Opposite was the site where the old parsonage stood, and I seemed to see " that Little, Feeble Shadow of a Man," my great-great-great- great-grandfather, coming out and crossing the highway to min ister to some sick parishioner, or to exhort his flock to nobler and more Christian lives. THE REGULATORS OF NORTH CAROLINA. BY W. H. BAILEY, SR., LL. D. {Continued from page 471.) Judge Henderson's letter is corroborated by the affidavit of Ralph McNair.1 We may fairly infer from the affidavit of James Lyon that some of the Regulators, on the occasion referred to, were Highland Scotch as they drank " damnation to King George and success to the Pretender."2 A letter signed by James Watson,3 Robert Lytle,4 Thomas Hart,5 Francis Nash, William Johnson,6 James Thackston6 and James Monro, corroborating McNair, was sent to His Excellency dated September 30, 1770.' In it, they intimate that His Excellency's pacific policy has not been appreciated by the Regulators and they suggest some other line of conduct. A meeting of the Council was then called for October 10. His Excellency laid all the papers relative to the late riot before them and desired their opinion. They advised a reference to the Attorney-General which was ordered.8 His Excellency, on the petition of the freeholders of Hillsborough, granted them a charter to elect a burgess for the town.9 The Attorney-General (October 18) rendered his opinion upon the matter referred to him as follows : 1. That the pulling down of Mr. Fanning's house, etc., amounted only to a riot ; 2. That the conduct of the Regulators in breaking up the Court was only a misdemeanor, although of the highest grade; 3. That words, substantively taken, are not sufficient to con vict a man of treason ; but, may be if accompanied or followed by overt acts. He then suggests that no process can effectually issue ; that, if apprehended, the insurgents would have to be tried in the 1 One of the very few natives who having been aligned against the Regulators became a Loyalist. His property was confiscated (Ired. Rev. 380). 2 8 Col. Rec. 246. 3 A former sheriff whom the Regulators had complimented (8. Col. Rec. 232), but who, Rev. Foote says, was " the most odious officer" (Foote, sketches 52). 4 A justice of the peace. « Ex-Sheriff. ° Merchant. ' 8 Col. Rec. 232. * Lb. 249. ' Lb. 251. The Regulators of North Carolina. 555 district where the offenses had been committed ; that he appre hends that, in view of the late demonstration, such a proceeding would prove inefficacious and then further suggests, First, the policy of calling a General Assembly in order that such laws may be passed as may be sufficient for the emergency. Second, that the Colonels be directed to muster the militia to the end that it may be discovered what force of volunteers might be obtained if needed.1 These suggestions were adopted.2 His Excellency, by advice of the Council, then issued a proclama tion (October 18) which, after reciting the recent outrages, directs the Justices of the Peace to investigate the matters judicially and transmit the depositions to him.3 His Excel lency reports his action to the home authorities.4 The Sheriff of Anson reports resistance to the collection of taxes by 177 insurgents.5 In November, 1770, the houses, etc., of Judge Henderson were burned and, thereupon, His Excellency issued a proclamation offering a reward for the apprehension of the per petrators of the act, etc.6 Henderson informed the Council that it was believed that a large body of Regulators intended to come to New Bern in order to intimidate the General Assembly which, then, sat there. His Excellency, by the advice of his Council, wrote to the Colonels in the counties through which the Regula tors were expected to pass, to hold themselves in readiness for the emergency.7 About this time a " Loyal Regulators' " Associa tion was formed and amongst its members were Francis Nash, Adlai Osborn,8 Alexander Martin (afterwards Governor) and Thomas Henderson.9 The object of the Association was to maintain the constitution and laws and was especially aimed at the suppression of the Regulators by lawful means.10 The Legislature met at New Bern, December 5, 1770. In his address His Excellency, amongst other matters, urges them " to make the most scrupulous inquiries into the complaints against public officers ... to establish fees in so express a manner as will put them beyond the possibility of doubt or abuse. This will give great and just content to the public ; you shall be furnished 1 8 Col. Rec. 251, 252. 2 Lb. 253. 3 Lb. 253, 254. * Lb. 255. 5 Lb. 256. " Lb. 258, 259. ' Lb. 260, 261. 0 Ancestor of the late Judge Osborne and Rev. E. A. Osborne of Charlotte, N. C. 9 Brother of Judge Henderson. 10 Lb. 273. 556 The American Historical Register. with an account of the fees taken by me on each instrument I have issued, that the country may be informed of my conduct in this particular." He then speaks of the Court riot " as the pro ceedings of a seditious mob, men, who regardless of the royal clemency for former trespasses, and in open contempt of the admonition given them by a resolve of your house last session, have (accompanied with circumstances the most insolent and inhuman) torn down justice from her Tribunal and renounced all Legislative authority. Were these men who have broken through all the bounds of human society, and trampled under foot the laws of their country, allowed to shelter them selves under those laws, the situation of this country would be deplorable indeed. Social liberty must then yield to brutal licentiousness, and the honest of all conditions become a prey to the wicked. I am told these insurgents are deter mined in the prosecution of their profligate design " His Excellency then states that the Government has shown itself able to control them. He then recommends the raising of an army to march into the settlements of the insurgents to act as a posse comitatus and restore tranquility. He expresses the conviction that "the cause before us is not the cause of an individual, or an opposition merely to administration, but to the Constitution." x The response of the Assembly was prepared by Maurice Moore. In it, His Excellency is congratulated for his " tender concern for the welfare of the Province " as also for the means he had suggested for redressing grievances. It pro ceeds to point out that whilst oppressive fees have been exacted the practice was attributable to an inconsistent and oppressive fee bill ; that act has annexed fees to unneccessary services, which in this country are never performed ; yet ideal as they are, they are carefully attended to, and often received ; in other cases, much to the prejudice of the officer, it has left services neces sary and incumbent, wholly unprovided for . . . the late daring and insolent attack made on the Superior Court by the people who call themselves Regulators we hold in the utmost detestation and abhorrence. The deliberate and preconceived malice with which it was contrived, and the brutal fury with which it was executed, equally bespeak them unawed by the 1 8 Col. Rec. 282-287. The Regulators of North Carolina. 557 laws of their country, insensible to every moral duty, and wickedly disaffected to government itself. The dissolute prin ciples and licentious spirit by which these people are actuated and stand united, render them too formidable for the ordinary process of the law. Sensible of this, Sir, we owe it to our Sovereign, our constit uents, and ourselves, to adopt measures, at once spirited and decisive. * J The address concluded thus : " Your approaching departure from your Government is a circumstance truly detri mental to the interests of this Province, and is justly to be lamented, etc." 2 We find no dissent to or protest against this address from either Husbands or Prior, members from Orange and Regulators, or Person who, if a Regulator, kept in the back ground. It being reported that the Regulators were on the march toward New Bern, the Legislature authorized the raising of the militia to oppose them.3 An act was passed at this session for regulating attorneys fees and also for regulating and ascertaining the fees of officers, providing a summary mode for abuse by extortion.4 A riot act was also passed ; its main pro visions were : 1. That a riotous assemblage of ten, failing to disperse, after being so required by a lawful officer, should constitute a capital felony. 2. That if, in resistance to the attempt to disperse them, any of the rioters should be killed the killing should be dispunishable. 3. That if such assembly should obstruct a court, the col lector of taxes or destroy certain houses the offender should be guilty of a capital felony. 4. That prosecutions for any such offences committed since the first day of March, then past, should be triable in any Superior Court, etc., but the offender should not be subject to greater punishment than if the act had not been passed. 5. That such offenders might be outlawed. * We should give Dr. Caruthers credit for never having seen this production of his coined Regulator. . In this and other quotations I have adopted servilely, the punctuation of the text though, in some instances, quite inaccurate. 1 8 Col. Rec. 311, 312. 2 lb. f Lb. 346. * 2 Dav. Rev. 473, Sec. VI. 558 The American Historical Register. 6. That if any should oppose the regular military force and refuse to lay down their arms, etc., they should be deemed guilty of treason.1 At a council meeting (19th January 1771) a Court of Oyer and Terminer was ordered to be held at New Bern pursuant to this act.2 Husbands had been expelled and, on a mittimus from the Chief Justice, had been cast into New Bern jail.3 His Excellency informed the home authorities that an attempt at his rescue was apprehended ; also, that many counties were unanimous in supplying volunteers and expresses the hope that the beneficial laws, lately passed, will have a strong tendency to re-establish peace.4 Francis Nash writes, inclosing affidavits to the effect that the Regulators are preparing to rescue Husbands and to lay New Bern in ashes and that they had fixed on February 1 1 to march to that end ; 5 thereupon prepara tions, in earnest, for a defensive war were inaugurated.6 The rage of the Regulators is disclosed in an affidavit of Waighstill Avery 7 whom they had arrested.8 An attempt at accommodation is made by a joint committee of loyalists and Regulators appointed by the respective leaders.9 It is signed by the officers (amongst them) Alexander Martin.10 The Court met and, after sixty-two bills found against the Regulators, adjourned without further action. Among the witnesses are Adlai Osborne and John Butler.11 John Frohock and Alexander Martin 12 write a long letter to the Governor in which they (amongst other matters) state that they had agreed with the Regulators to arbitrate their differences ; they also state that " these deluded people begin to grow sick of Regulation, and want peace on any tolerable terms etc." 13 The letter is too long for even an analysis. On February 16, Rednap Howell wrote to Husbands a letter (intercepted) full of bitter denunciations and violent threats.14 The Council (March 18, 1771) unanimously advise war.15 1 8 Col. Rec. 481, et seq. 2 Lb. 490. 3 lb. 494. i Lb. 495. 6 Lb. 497. 6 Lb. 500, 501. 7 Signer of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. * Lb. 518. * Lb. 521. w lb 522. u Lb. 528-533. 12 In the interview the Regulators said that Frohock and Martin were " some of the persons against whom they were to complain." Showing, beyond doubt, that Alexander Martin was neither a Regulator nor a sympathizer with them. 18 ^- 533-537- "/*. 53»- 15 /*• 538- The Regulators of North Carolina. 559 On the same day the Judges, by letter, informed His Excellency that, in view of the September riot and the present temper of the Regulators, they " cannot attend that [Hillsborough] Court with any hope of transacting business in it, or indeed with any pros pect of personal safety to ourselves " ' and their reasons were, by the Council, adjudged sufficient.2 On March 19, His Ex cellency notified the Colonels to be ready for march by April 20.3 From the records of the Superior Court of Hillsborough (March 1771) we learn that Husbands and the others who broke up the Court at the last term still continuing their riotous meetings and severely threatening the judges, lawyers and other officers prevented any judges from attending.4 His Excellency (April 5) replied to the letter of Frohock and Martin and says that he disapproves of their conduct in attempting to screen themselves and other guilty officers from trial according to law and denounces their programme as a most censurable precedent. He, however, declares that his march to the up-country is not intended to impede the negotiations inaugurated by them as before stated.5 As witnesses could not be produced against Husbands on the indictment for libel the Grand Jury ignored the bill and he was set at large (February 8).6 On April 23 the army took up its line of march7 and on May 16, 1771, the battle of Alamance was fought.8 Proclamations of pardon, on terms of submission, were issued. Husbands, Hunter, Howell and William Butler were excepted and outlawed.9 It is not within the scope of this paper either, on the one hand, to praise or denounce either Tryon, Fanning and others opposed to the Regulation, or, on the other, the Regulators. Too much undigested twaddle of that kind has already been uttered. Let our effort, rather, be to ascertain whether : First. The Regulators were either justified in, or excusable for, the course they pursued : Second. What was the true character of the Regulation ? The Regulators, at the start, as we have seen, disavowed any disaffection to either the form or mode of government or the laws but based their complaints upon the malpractices of public officers. These alleged malfeasances consisted in extortion and 1 8 Col. Rec. 538. 2 lb. 3 Lb. 540. * lb. 542. b lb. 545. e/b. 546. 1 Lb. 574. *Lb. 584. * Lb. 617. 560 The American Historical Register. in the failure of goods sold on execution to bring their value. We have, also, seen that, at the Maddox Mill, meeting they resolved to pay no more taxes until they were satisfied that the same were lawful and rightly applied, and, further, to pay no unlawful fees. At the next meeting they attribute the cause of their grievances to the malfeasance of officers and, so, from one meeting to another and in memorials (all the while professing perfect loyalty) they complain of extortion and high taxes, one or both. After awhile they complain that lawyers and clerks are elected as burgesses ; complain of people for voting for them and pray that they be precluded from being candidates and various other relief not germane to the character of the grievances alleged. In one petition they pray for many political changes ; but, soon, these quasi abstract propositions are entirely ignored and they recur to the extortions and the unfair selection of jurors. It cannot be claimed, with any force, that a change of political policy, not involving constitutional principles, could even palliate an armed revolution ; but, the Regulators did not use force to that end ; they did not pretend to do so ; the cry of the mob, uttered contemporaneously with the force exerted, has always been deemed, not only evidence but strong evidence — some times termed natural evidence — to characterize the act done ; so, when an uprising took place, the battle-cry was extortion and oppressive taxation ; that was the refrain of the turbulent element Was there extortion ? Yes, certainly, technical : laymen, to appreciate the true inwardness of the charge, should learn that this is an exception to the general rule requiring intent to be proved. If an officer charges a mill 'too much even in a heavy bill of costs, either negligently or carelessly or in good faith, it furnishes no excuse. Thus, Fanning asked the County Court to fix the quantum of his fee for registering a deed. The Court did so. Fanning charged a fraction less than the amount so fixed, and, yet, the Attorney-General of England held that he had charged somewhat too much. He was, of course, convicted ; but, the Court were so satisfied that Fanning had intended no wrong that they only fined him " a penny and the costs." But let it be conceded that extortion abounded can it be urged, with any propriety, that its existence justified or excused the Regulators in beating the offenders, tearing down their houses, insulting the The Regulators of North Carolina. 561 Judge and breaking up the Court? The Courts were open, Fanning convicted, and, on his conviction, he promptly resigned. Didit justify or excuse the burning of Judge Henderson's houses? Or, (what Dr. Caruthers thinks was so amusing an affair) the pounding to pieces of a church bell ! l Could such conduct be palliated, had the offender been a thief from whom they could not recover their stolen property ? But, the Courts were not corrupt ; the Regulators were willing to trust Henderson to try their cases and gave it as one excuse for the Court riot that How ard (the chief justice) had not attended ; then, as Fanning had be come rich, and there were then no elastic homestead laws in force, what hindered them from suing Fanning, Frohock, Nash and the other officers to recover back the extortionate excess ? They exulted that they had evident proof in their receipts; such evidence could not be gainsaid and would have entitled every man defrauded to have recovered; the great majority of the cases would have been cognizable before the court of a single justice — where justice would have been administered in the old pie poudre fashion and should such justice have decided against them, can anyone doubt that the Governor (who then possessed the power of removal) would have removed such corrupt justices with like pie poudre promptitude, and, thereupon, such justice would have been, in turn, liable to suit? And all this without the aid of the gentlemen of the long robe ! Suppose that affidavits had been laid before the Governor and Council tending to show partiality and perversion of the law in the selection of jurors, would not Tryon, who bore with the insurgents so patiently and endeavored so hard and so long to propitiate them and to redress their wrongs, have removed such justices ?2 But, instead of trying and testing him, they content themselves with whining, guzzling whiskey, perhaps, to King George's damnation, whipping sheriffs and committing all sorts of acts of personal vengeance, none of which could bring back the 1 The credulity of preachers is proverbial, but sometimes their zeal outruns their ¦credence. Dr. Caruthers says (Life Caldwell p. 133 note) that they smashed the bell because they did not know what a church-bell was — yet, he also says (p. 115), that they had been religiously educated ; and, Foote says, well versed in the Shorter Catechism ! The Doctor says it was very amusing — So would Mark Twain. 2 Justices then held their commissions dum bene placito. 562 The American Historical Register. extorted fees. But, why pretend that they had no redress except in lacerating human backs in the light of the artificial borealis created by them from burning houses ? Why, if they feared to " put themselves upon the country," because " packed," did they not appeal to that country which could not be packed, promptly ? They claimed to have elected the vestrymen by twenty to one. They did elect Husbands and Pryor, in 1770, to the House of Burgesses. Why did they not proclaim their wrongs on the hustings and procure a yell at the polls that would have reached the seacoast ? Can it be supposed, for a moment, that the " Sons of Liberty " would have turned a deaf ear to their demonstrable tale of oppression, or that the grand people of the Albemarle belt, who fought eight years for their own rights, would not have harkened to the cry of their wronged fellow subjects ? Can we, for a moment, indulge a doubt that such gallant knights — yea, knights, without the bended knee and blunted blow — as Caswell, the two Moores, John Baptista Ashe on Cape Fear ; Samuel Johnston, John Campbell and John Harvey on the Albemarle ; McCulloch, Montfort and Jones in the centre, and Avery, Osborne and Polk in the west, would not have listened graciously, considered judiciously, and, if satisfied of any serious wrong inflicted or suffered, have so changed the laws as to have afforded these complainants full and overflowing means of redress ? But Husbands was in his element as leader of an insurrection — a cowardly wretch, who egged on, not intelligent and educated men (as Dr. Foote and Caruthers forced themselves to believe) but a simple, uncultured class of rustics, without moral restraint or religious influence, in the main, to acts of violence, which, by the unerring philosophy that regulates all unlawful combinations, was bound to burst its original bounds, and, as it did, culminate in illogical and supererogatory crime ; and, when his infatuated adherents found themselves forced to craven submission, inglorious flight or manly battle, chose the last, their leader and apostle fled incontinently, only to engage, after a short interval, in another insurrection equally unlawful and fully as fruitless. Every manly heart must pulsate with sympathy for the great mass of these misguided, and, as they conceived themselves to be, oppressed insurgents. But, the Regulators also, in a vague sort of way, complained of illegal The Regulators of North Carolina. 563 taxation. This was a real grievance, but remediable, alone, through legislative action. Had the situation of all the subjects been the same there would have existed no ground for this complaint ; but such was not the case. The people further East had means of paying their taxes other than in money ; those in the disaffected, belt only in hard cash. These latter seemed, at one time, to have seen this difference in a dim way ; but, instead of appealing, through their representatives, to their Eastern brethren for an ad valorem system of taxation or other adequate redress, they illogically cast the blame upon the collecting officers for simply performing their sworn duty. They were not, however, content with defying the sheriffs but " carried the war into Africa," by " marrying them to black-jacks." Their whole conduct was illogical. For, they complained of partial juries ; yet, at the court riot they demanded that the Judge should try their cases not only in the enforced absence of the opposing litigants and their counsel, but by a jury chosen from their own set ! Not a leader amongst them possessed judgment. There was no system and but a crude and ill-conducted organi zation. Person, doubtless, felt the force of the. practically, unequal taxation, but he remained in the back-ground, and, of course, his advice came to the Regulators watered. His sound sense, had it been supplemented by his active consociation, might have given a different direction to the movement. At a later day, he proved himself such an ardent and efficient Whig as to throw a doubt as to his ever having been a Regulator. We may conclude our observations on the first proposition by stating that the insurrection could have been easily and speedily crushed, in its incipiency, but for the extraordinary patience, forbearance and humanity of Tryon. Whatever opinions may have been, formerly, entertained on this point, no fair-minded student of our history can now doubt his fellow-feeling and sympathy for the insurgents since the publication, in the Colonial Records, of his dispatches to the home authorities. He had no motive to conceal from them any antipathy or hostility he is charged with then entertaining towards the Regulators. The invaluable con tributions to our history, contained in these records, demon strate, with unerring conclusiveness, that Tryon bore and forbore with the Regulators until the integrity of his very government, 564 The American Historical Register. as he had every reason to believe, was seriously imperiled. And, even to the last, he did nothing rashly, but — before taking any important step — first consulted with and received, in every instance, the unanimous sanction of the Council. And, besides, he received, time and again, the unanimously expressed appro bation of the Assembly. Out of four thousand men opposed to him in battle, only fourteen were tried for treason;1 and, of the twelve convicted, he, by his influence, saved six from a traitor's doom. His moderation after the battle, as demonstrated, stands in bold contrast to that of many of the conquering generals of history. Second. What was the true character of the Regulation movement? In its inception and progress (inclusive of the court disturbance) it certainly presented no element either of a rebellion or an attempted revolution. Even treason does not, per se, import the one or the other. Mere armed numbers offering resistance to certain agencies of the law, however imposing and however, for a time, successful, may constitute the mob traitors, 1 Dr. Caruthers, amongst his many inaccuracies, says that Tryon exerted all of his influence against those indicted. He says, also, that the persons tried were convicted under an ex post facto law. Iredell (afterwards Associate Justice Supreme Court United Stales), writing contemporaneously, says " however disagreeable the means were, they were justified by the necessity " (T. McRee, Life, etc., 90). The statute prescribed that certain acts, if committed before or after the statute was passed, should constitute treason ; and, had the insurgents been tried as for treason predicated of acts committed before the passage of the law which would not, but for the law, have amounted to treason, then, quoad hoc, the act would have fallen under the denunciation of an ex post facto law. But the statute could not, possibly, be so treated as applied to acts occurring after its passage, and, quoad hoc, was clearly constitutional. Dr. Caruthers traveled out of his role, forgetting the maxim ne sutor ullra crepidam. The acts for which they were tried were committed after the passage of the act. Dr. Caruthers also says that Tryon shot Few, but, we now learn, from His Excellency's dispatches "home," that Few was hanged as an out law (8 Col. Rec. 651). The act provided for slaying outlaws without trial, in accord ance with English law. Even Rev. Foote does not so distort facts, for he says that Few was hanged without a trial. All the eulogists of the Regulators harp on this fact, which was strictly in accordance with the English law then prevailing in the province. An outlaw is not entitled to a trial. They further reflect on Tryon, for his execution, on the ground that Few was insane, yet, do not pretend that the Governor was aware of that fact ; and there is no evidence of Tryon's knowledge until reported to him by Willie Jones, after Few's execution, from certain papers found by Captain Jones. To justify the cast of moral blame, the critics should have adduced evidence of Tryon's knowledge when Few was executed. The Regulators of North Carolina.. 565 but, cannot, with any propriety, be deemed to fall under the category of either a rebellion or an attempted revolution unless aimed at the vitals of government. Thus : Ld. George Gordon and some of his adherents were tried for treason, but it was always treated as a riot culminating in treason and not as a rebellion. The Regulators, from first to last, asseverated that they aimed, not at the overthrow of government but only at the correction of official misconduct. Nor did any of their subsequent conduct, up to their assembling for battle at Alamance, effect any material change in the character of their movement. The action of the " Black Boys " must be treated as an effort, not to precipi tate a battle, but, to hinder the junction of forces. Up then, to early in May, 1771, it might be styled in the jargon of lawyers as a riot continuando. As a continuing armed resistance, not to the process of the law in its entirety, but to the execution of certain precepts by certain officers. The records show that Tryon's force amounted in rank and file to one thousand and seventeen men,1 and we have evidence also derived from the same source that (not counting the Black Boys) the force of the Regulators amounted to about four thousand.2 Rev. Morgan Edwards estimates the force of the Regulators at six thousand and Tryon's at two thousand.3 These figures are not given as illustrative or determinative of the character of the result, but to show that the intention of the Regulators was to deter Tryon by a great display of force without a conflict, and that a battle was but a tentative anticipation as, if at all, of a dernier ressort* This idea is confirmed by the fact that negotia tions were in progress almost to the very moment of battle as well as, if true, the manner in which the apologists for the Regu lators claim that they fought. How then can even the battle, if not deliberately settled upon, but culminating by sudden, unpre meditated impulse, be regarded, historically speaking, as evolut- ting the emeute into the dignity of a Rebellion or attempted Revolution ? Whilst, in practical results, it may be likened to the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion, yet, the latter is differentiated, essentially, in its having been deliberately planned for the usur- 1 8 Col. Rec. 677. 2 Lb. 647, 649, 715. 'lb. 655. * As weakening this proposition it is due to state that Dr. Caruthers is of the same opinion (Life of Caldwell). 566 The American Historical Register. pation of the throne. Perhaps, the most accurate conception of the affair is, that it was a rebellion in embryo the foetus being crushed before even respiration had commenced. If the data, so copiously furnished by the Records, fairly warrants the assump tion that the, or, an impending battle was deemed inevitable, was deliberately agreed upon even as a supposed enforced necessity towards accomplishing the successful resistance to the army of Tryon, and, no locus penitentio? intervened before the fatal battle-call of "fire and be damned," then the insurrection arose to the dignity of a rebellion. The military sagacity of Tryon, and General James Moore in the employment of Artillery, (even if there had existed a deliberate purpose to wage war on the part of the Regulators) may have had such a terrorizing effect upon these backwoodsmen (who, Dr. Caruthers says, were so ignorant as to mistake a church-bell for a spice mortar) as to have, morally, paralyzed them, and, either have shaken their previous determination for war or have had the efect to divide their counsels. Again : if so ignorant, as Dr. Caruthers would have us believe, perhaps they made battle pursuant to sedately formed resolves, but, when the cannon belched forth its thunder ous music, so novel in those primeval forests, whilst : The wind, lamenting thro' their caves To echo bore the notes alang — We can well understand that such abnormal manifestations of "spice mortars" looked as if Tryon had enlisted the forces of the devil and, instantly, as to the Regulators — Put life and mettle in their heels.1 1 I trust I may be pardoned for thus paraphrasing in the line from Tam O'Shanter the statement of Dr. Caruthers that ' ' there was such confusion as cannot well be described they all soon fled and left the field except James Pugh " (Life ot Caldwell 156). You see : "Jamie ' ' knew the difference between a spice-mortar and a cannon. Nearly all of our historians have attribuied the authorship of Atticus (8. Col. Rec. 718 et. seq.) to Judge Maurice Moore. Judge Moore was a very preux chavalier and was the friend and admirer of Tryon. This has been shown in the address prepared by him. The address and "Atticus" could not have proceeded from the same man unless the author was a hypocrite. No " Goose Creek" Moore was ever accused of that fault. But, these Colonial Records settle the point beyond peradventure ; for Judge Moore was a member of the Legislature which passed what the distinguished and erudite Editor of the Records is pleased to term the " bloody Johnston Act" which he, without (he usual thought given by him to all subjects that came under his review, characterizes as an ex post facto law. It would be monstrous The Regulators of North Carolina. 567 Poor fellows ! Their ill-directed schemes and bad counsel had all ended in dastardly defeat in battle ; craven submission there after ; homes destroyed and six of their confederates suffering the horrible death of traitors, and, when a rightful rebellion was, shortly thereafter, inaugurated the fear of another Tryon bears down their souls and they fight not, now, against oppressors but the oppressed and hand down their names as Tories to indelible and everlasting execration ! x Notwithstanding all, let us draw the mantle of a broad charity over their short-comings and drop a tear upon the graves of those misguided strugglers for a forlorn hope. Whilst good cannot be predicated of evil yet the experiment of even unlawful resistance may operate as a suggestion for reform. This idea is well illustrated in the adoption, at a later period, of many of the reforms suggested by the Regulators. Their efforts and declarations may be likened to good yeast that may, in the future, produce its expected effect as well as when made. to suppose, for a moment, that Judge Moore was not perfectly familiar with the provisions of that law. Yet, Atticus evidently had either not seen the law, or was guilty of wilful misrepresention in stating first, after ' ' the jurisdiction for the trial of capital offenses was by the law restricted to the District where committed' ' that " this act did not change that jurisdiction" {lb. 722), and then immediately charges Tryon with establishing a new tribunal for the trial of such crimes in a different District (db.), whereas the Act itself expressly provides for a trial of such offenses in any District (/*. 483). It is so treated by the learned Editor (7. Col. Rec. Pref. XXVII). Hamilton, a Regulator, in addressing a crowd of Regulators said : " What business has Maurice Moore to be » judge?" (2 Wheel. Hist. 15). Moore, in a letter to Fanning, disavows mostemphatically any connection with the Regulators {Lb. 316). 1 North Amer. Rev., Oct. 1844, 266. Iredell styles them banditti (McRee, Life, etc., 89 ; a mob {Lb. 90). SOME COLONIAL FAMILIES. HOWELL OF PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY. The Howell family, it is hardly needful to state, is of Welsh extraction ; the different branches of which, also under various methods of spelling, as ap Howell, Powell, etc., all emigrated to America in its early colonial period One of the oldest and most respected in its parent country, the representatives have almost invariably been distinguished here in the pulpit, at the bar, in the military service of their country, as well as irt mercantile and HOWELL. civic pursuits. The Howells of New Jersey as well as those of Pennsyl vania and Delaware, are all descended from one John Howell, who, in 1697, accompanied by his three children, Jacob, Evan and Sarah, emigrated from the ancient city of Aberysthwyth, Cardiganshire, in Wales, and settled near the centre of the city of Philadelphia in the province of Pennsylvania. Both father and ,'children were members of the Society of Friends, like so many of their fellow country men at that time. From Jacob, the elder of the two sons of John, the emi grant, are descended all the members of this family in the States above mentioned. He was born in Aberysthwyth, on the 18th day, ist mo. (called March O. S.), 1687. Removing to the city of Chester, the county seat of the then county of Chester (now Delaware), in Pennsylvania, in 1707, he purchased a large tract of land, erected buildings and engaged in mercantile business. These old buildings still stand, but a large stone which had been built in the front wall, with the initials " J. H. 1707," and some characters in the Welsh language cut thereon, has been re moved in making alterations, in the past few years. The following year (1708), he erected a commodious dwell ing house on his property on Edgemont street, and married Sarah, daughter of Randall and Sarah Vernon of Lower Provi dence, Chester county. Some Colonial Families. 569 This marriage was one of note in those early days. Ran dall Vernon was a man of eminence in the colony and a very active and influential member of the Society of Friends ; it being through his instrumentality that the monthly meeting at Chester was established and the first meetings for business were held at his house. In 1687 he served as a member of the Provincial Assembly and his name frequently occurs in the county records in various responsible civil appointments, indicating the high esteem in which he was held. The Howell genealogy states therein that Randall Vernon on account of religious per secution, emigrated from Sandyway, Cheshire, England, in company with his two brothers, Thomas and Robert, and arrived in this country a short time before William Penn, in 168 1 ; settling in Lower Providence township. They were sons of James Vernon, Secre tary of State for Great Britain and related to Sir Edward Vernon, vice-admiral of the Blue in the Royal Navy. They were descended from the Staffordshire branch of the Vernon family, one of the most noble and ancient in lineage in all England, tracing their descent in a direct line from Lord William de Vernon, in the reign ot William the Conqueror, whom he accompanied from Normandy in 1066. Randall Vernon deceased in 1725 at the advanced age of eighty-five years, surviving his wife six years. Soon after his marriage, Jacob Howell appeared as a minis ter of the Friends' Society and so continued for the period of sixty years, till his decease in 1768, at Chester, Pa. He also rendered important service to his fellow-citizens as a delegate to the Provincial Assembly (1752), and very often acted as arbitra tor, on road-juries, commissions for public buildings, etc., for which positions only the more prominent of the colonists were chosen. Jacob Howell left a handsome estate at his death to his family. By his marriage with Sarah Vernon, he had ten children, whose names and dates of birth, without attempting to follow out in detail each successive line and generation, are as follows : 570 The American Historical Register. (i) Benjamin, b. 8th mo., 19th d., 17 10; d. in infancy. (2) Hannah, b. 12th mo., 23d d., 171 1 ; d. in infancy. (3) John, b. 1 2th mo., 12th d., 1713. (4) Jacob, b. 5th mo., 13th d., 1715. (5) Sarah, b. 12th mo., 5th d., 17 16. (6) Joseph, , , twins, b. 1 2th mo., 6th d., 17 18 (7) Samuel, J (8) Isaac, & 3d mo., 17th d., 1722. (9) Joshua, b. 6th mo., 7th d., 1726. (10) Mary, , twins, b. 12th mo., 5th d., 1728. (11) Martha, J John Howell, eldest surviving son of Jacob, married 1739, Katharine Ladd, daughter of John and Elizabeth Ladd, of Bur lington, N. J. This John Ladd settled in Burlington, with others of the Society of Friends, about 1678. He was one of the Council of Proprietors of West Jersey and assisted William Penn in laying out Philadelphia. The compass and chain used on that occasion are now in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington City, having been donated by the children of Samuel Harrison Howell, son of Samuel Ladd Howell, M. D., and grandson of Mrs. Anna (Blackwood) Howell, wife of Col onel Joshua Ladd Howell (1762-18 18) who was son of John Ladd Howell, son of John Howell, as stated above. Connected with the laying out of this City of Brotherly Love, is the following traditional anecdote: Penn offered John Ladd property amounting to about a square in the best portion of the town, or ^30 in consideration of his services as surveyor. Ladd chose the money, upon which Penn said to him : " John, thou art a Ladd by name and also a lad by nature ! Dost thou not perceive that this will be a great city ?" John Howell, after his marriage to Katherine Ladd settled in Woodbury, New Jersey, and afterwards removed to Phila delphia and thence to Georgia and Charleston, S. C, where he died, leaving two children, John Ladd who married Frances, daughter of John and Frances Paschall, of Darby, Pa., and Sarah, who married Sparks. John Ladd Howell, after the removal of his father to the South, resided in the family of his uncle, Joshua Howell (1726- Some Colonial Families. S7i MRS. FRANCES HOWELL, I79I-I829.* 1797), who was a successful and prosperous merchant of Phila delphia and a leading member of the Society of Friends. John Ladd Howell by his wife Frances, had one surviving son, Joshua, named for his great uncle Joshua Howell, and who added the name of Ladd when he reached manhood. On the death of his father, Colonel Joshua Ladd Howell (1762—1816), inherited in 1797, sixteen hundred acres in Gloucester county, * From original portrait by Sully, in possession of son, Henry Washington Howell, Elizabeth, N. J. 572 The American Historical Register. COLONEL JOSHUA LADD HOWELL, 1762-181S* New Jersey, together with an interest in the " Fancy Hill" and " West Point " fisheries on the Delaware, which were exceed ingly lucrative. These fisheries had been inherited from the Ladd family, through John Ladd, Jr., who was a prominent land owner in Gloucester county, N. J., leaving an estate of between 6000 and 7000 acres. Colonel Joshua Ladd Howell married 1786, Anna Blackwood, * From original portrait by Sully, in possession of descendant, Henry Washington Howell, Elizabeth, N. J. Some Colonial Families. 573 daughter of Samuel Blackwood and Abigail Clement, his wife, both of Gloucester county, N. J. This Abigail Clement was a lineal descendant of Frances Collins, one of the council of Governor Samuel Jennings, of New Jersey, in 1683, and also of Sir Gregory Clement and Major-General Thomas Harrison, two of those who had passed sentence of death on Charles I., of England. The. fac-simile of the death warrant and autograph of the former of the two latter named, is still in the possession of the family. Eleven children were born to Colonel Joshua Ladd Howell and his wife, Anna Blackwood, viz., Samuel Ladd (1 787-1 835), Paschal (1789-18 11), Anna Maria (1795- 1865), Joshua (1797-1800), Rich ard Washington (1799-1859), Abby (1802-1885), Frances (1791-1829), Rebecca (1804-1811), Joshua Blackwood (1 806-1864), Benjamin Paschall, M. D., (1808-1882). With out attempting in a brief sketch to follow out minutely the succeeding generations, it may suffice to add that from Samuel Ladd Howell is descended the Dodge family; from Richard Washington, named by and for his relative, Gov ernor Richard Howell, of New'Jersey, and a distinguished law yer of Camden, N. J., are the Lloyds of Philadelphia ; from Abby, who married Rev. Thomas Leiper Janeway, are de scended the Janeways and Hodges, both well-known families of Pennsylvania and New Jersey ; Frances married her cousin, Benjamin Betterton Howell, only surviving son of Major Joseph Howell, Jr., of the Revolutionary army and of whom we will speak hereafter. General Joshua Blackwood Howell died from injuries received while in the field and in command of his divi sion, in the Army of the Potomac during the late civil war (September 14, 1864), leaving behind him a record as a man, a soldier and a Christian that has never been surpassed, while Dr. Benjamin Paschall Howell, who married Rachel Lewis, of MRS. ANNA BLACKWOOD HOWELL, 1769-1855. 574 The American Historical Register. Philadelphia, 1835, died but recently, after a career of widely recognized usefulness in his community. To the above-named Anna Blackwood (1769—1855), the wife of Colonel Joshua Ladd Howell, we are indebted to-day for some of the most vivid pen-pictures of scenes in the Revolu tionary war, during the British occupation of Philadelphia in 1 777-78, and of which she was an eye-witness. She recollected and narrated long after, the personal appearance of Lafayette, Pulaski, as well as our own Washington, and of Generals Howe, Clinton, Erskine and Count Donop on the side of the enemy. Her account of the march through Haddonfield, N. J., where she resided, of the Hessians under the latter-named commander, in their attack on and retreat from Fort Mercer, was realistic in the extreme; the fine bearing and assured bearing of the foe in their advance, contrasting strongly with their panic-stricken and demoralized appearance after their repulse. The raids of the British through New Jersey and their cruelty were well remem bered, while the evacuation of the city across the river Delaware, as the troops crossed to Gloucester Point and marched on to Haddonfield, where they encamped two days, were accurately described. An extract at random, from family papers, reads as follows : Sir Henry Clinton, Lord Cornwallis and Sir William Erskine rode abreast at the head of the column as the troops marched out of town. The officers were resplen dent in gold lace, trimmings and facings, and the men made a splendid appearance in scarlet uniforms and white gaiters buttoned above the knee. I was much impressed, too, with the appearance of the Scotch Highlanders, as a body of fine, tall and power ful men, dressed in their plaids, kilts and bonnets. While the army halted in Had donfield, a Scotch officer was quartered in my mother's house. He made a great pet of me, being a little girl, allowing me to put on his velvet bonnet, with its handsome, drooping plumes, and dance up and down the room. I recollect that my mother had long discussions with this officer, and it is my impression that he gready deplored the war. The horses of the army were turned into the fields of standing grain, the wheat at that time being ripe for the sickle. Everything was conducted with the strictest military precision. After meals, the pewter plates, knives and forks were cleaned and scoured until they shone, and then packed away, ready for instant departure. Jacob, third son of Jacob and Sarah (Vernon) Howell, married (1737) Mary, daughter of Joseph and Mary Cooper, of Haddonfield, N. J., and their descendants reside there to-day. Sarah, fifth child of Jacob and Sarah (Vernon) Howell, married (1740) Charles Jones, of Philadelphia. Some Colonial Families. 575 Joseph, fourth son and sixth child of Jacob and Sarah (Ver non) Howell, married (1741) Hannah Hudson, daughter of Samuel and Mary Hudson, and granddaughter of William Hud son, mayor of Philadelphia, and his wife Mary, daughter of Samuel Richardson, provincial councillor and a justice of the peace for the Province of Pennsylvania. The residence of the Hudson family is still marked in the old portion of Philadelphia by Hudson's alley. Of the nine children by this marriage of Joseph Howell and Hannah Hudson, Joseph, Jr. (born 6th mo., 30th d., 1750, and died 8th mo., 8th d., 1798), was probably the most distinguished. Entering the American army, soon after the commencement of the Revolution, as a captain in Colonel Samuel Atlee's battalion of General Anthony Wayne's brigade, he was wounded at the battle on Long Island, N. Y., August 27, 1776, taken prisoner and became an inmate of the celebrated Jersey prison-ship. After his release, he was appointed paymaster of the 2d Penn sylvania Line, under the command of Colonel Walter Stewart, but his health was so impaired by the sufferings he had undergone as to prevent further active service in the field, and he was appointed auditor of accounts to the War Depart ment, which position he held until the adoption of the Federal Constitution, when he was appointed paymaster-general of the army, with the rank of major, by President Washington. This office he continued to hold until his decease. He was also secretary of the Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati, from 1791 to 1793. His portrait, by Peale, is now in the possession of his eldest surviving grandson, Henry Washington Howell, of Elizabeth, N. J., and is in as good condition as if finished but recently. The same descendant possesses also the gold eagle and faded blue ribbon of the Cincinnati worn by his ancestor. Major Joseph Howell, Jr., married Rebecca Betterton, and had one surviving son, Benjamin Betterton, who married (18 10) his cousin Frances, daughter of Colonel Joshua Ladd and Anna (Blackwood) Howell, by whom he had ten children : Lewis, who married Margaret, daughter of Colonel George Armistead, U. S. Army, of Fort McHenry fame in the War of 1812; Henry Washington, who married Emily W. Babcock ; Alfred; Rebecca married Francis W. Babcock; Anna married Rev. John Murray 576 The American Historical Register. MAJOR JOSEPH HOWELL, JR., I750-I798.* Forbes, of New York ; Frances married Howard Kennedy, M. D.; Ellen Maria married Rev. Whiting Griswold; Mary Elizabeth married A. Hamilton Campbell, M. D. ; Alfred married Elizabeth Dawson, and Margaretta married Richard Ragan, of Washington county, Md. Benjamin Betterton Howell married, second, Mrs. Angelica Barraclough, and embarked for England on the ill-fated steamer President, which sailed from New York City March n, 1841, and has never since been heard of. Joseph Howell, Sr., fourth son of Jacob and Sarah (Ver non Howell, married, secondly (1759), Sidney Evans, daughter * From original portrait by C. W. Peale, in possession of descendant, Henry "Washington Howell, Elizabeth, N. J. Some Colonial Families. 5 jj of David and Elizabeth Evans, of Philadelphia, and had Rebecca and Sidney Evans, the former of whom married (1760) Joseph, son of Joseph and Priscilla Ashbridge, of Chester, Pa. The eldest of their issue, Israel J., married Mary,* daughter of Henry Kenyon, of Kenyon, Lancashire, England, and a cousin of Robert Morris, the financier. Their issue were Rebecca Howell, Mary Morris, Joseph Howell and Henry Kenyon. Rebecca Howell and Mary Morris Ashbridge both married successively John Reed James, a mer chant of Philadelphia. Joseph Howell Ashbridge married his cousin Sidney, daughter of George Washington and Christina Arral Ashbridge, and resided all his life and died in New Orleans, La., while Henry Kenyon Ashbridge died unmarried. The remaining children of Joseph Ashbridge and Rebecca Howell were Joseph Howell, Robert Wharton, Sidney Howell, Sarah, Elizabeth and George Washington, nearly all of whom left descendants. The remaining daughter of Joseph Howell, Sr., by his second marriage, Sidney Evans, married James Hutchinson, M. D., of Philadelphia, the descendants of whom are connected by mar riage with the Pembertons, Hares, Emlens, Powels and other well-known families. Samuel, twin brother of Joseph, Sr., and son of Jacob and Sarah (Vernon) Howell, married Ann, daughter of Hugh Evans, of Chester county, Pa., and of royal lineage (See Browning's " Americans of Royal Descent "), and had eight children, Abigail, Hugh, Jacob, Sarah, Ann, Samuel, Deborah and Charles. From Jacob, who married Mary Carmatt, are descended the Longstreths, Mears, Parrys and others. Ann married Aaron, son of Joseph and Priscilla Ashbridge, and brother of Joseph Ashbridge, who married Rebecca, daughter of Joseph Howell, Sr., son of Jacob and Sarah (Vernon) Howell. Samuel married (1781) Susannah Hanson, of Little Creek Neck, Del. Their descendants inter married with the Newbolds, Gillinghams, Jessops, Mifflins, Comlys, Cadwaladers and other Pennsylvania and Delaware families. Deborah married 1778, Daniel Mifflin, son of Daniel and Mary Mifflin, of Accomac county, Virginia, and had Daniel, 7 See portrait on page 529, ante. 578 The American Historical Register. Ann, Samuel, Joshua Howell, Mary Howell and Thomas ; the last four of whom left issue. Isaac, eighth child of Jacob and Sarah (Vernon) Howell, married 1745, in Friends' Meeting, as had the majority of the others, Mary, daughter of James and Mary Bartram, of Marple township, Delaware county, Pa. They had issue : James, died unmarried ; Elizabeth, who married Isaac Maris, of Delaware county, Pa.; Eliza, who married her cousin, John Bartram, son of the great botanist, John Bartram, and his wife, Ann Mendenhall, and had Mary, John, Jr., Ann and James Howell. John Bartram, the botanist, in a letter dated 3d mo., 4th d., 1764, writes of his son John, who married Eliza Howell, as follows : " He is a worthy, sober and industrious son, and delights in plants." He inherited the famous botanical garden of his father and with the assistance of his brother William, who was a distin guished naturalist, continued its cultivation to the time of his death (18 12), when the estate descended to his daughter Ann, who married Colonel Robert Carr, and by whom the property was sold in a few years to Andrew W. Eastwick. Joshua, the seventh and youngest son of the common ances tors, Jacob and Sarah (Vernon) Howell, married in 1753, in Friends' Meeting, in Philadelphia, Catherine, daughter of Edward and Anna Warner, and had Catherine, who married John Hopkins, of South River, Md., Edward Warner died unmarried, and Elizabeth who married Jesse Tyson, of Baltimore, Md. Joshua Howell has already been mentioned in connection with the adoption of his nephew, John Ladd Howell, son of John Howell, eldest surviving son of Jacob and Sarah (Vernon) Howell. (See p. 570) He resided in a large residence in the city of Philadelphia, on Front street, above Arch (in addition to his country seat of "Edgely'' on the Schuylkill, which is still in possession of his descendants). Both himself and wife lie buried in the Friends' burying ground, southeast corner of Fourth and Arch streets, Philadel phia, where so many of their kindred also rest in peace. Mary Rebecca James Bellas. TRADITIONS OF FORT JENKINS. BY MARY B. JENKINS RICHART. {Continued from page 346.) The eventful eighteenth century was numbered with the past, and the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and ten was marked as time present in Poor Richard's Almanac. This date disclosed a very different state of affairs from those in the pre ceding century. The State of Pennsylvania had conquered its common foes and peace reigned where carnage and persecution had erstwhile held their direful sway. Most of the exiles had returned to their former possessions, having compromised with the Pennsylvania authorities, which, although appearing indig nant at the atrocities of the soldiers, permitted the people to reoccupy their land only upon the condition that they made pay ment therefor to the then established government of the State. Colonel Jenkins, still sore from all the indignities and hard ships he had undergone at the hands of the Pennamites, in his unconquerable pride refused to own a foot of land under the Pennsylvania title, but his children, with the exception of his eldest daughter, Mrs. Lydia Hyde, each secured a Pennsylvania title to a farm by the payment of thirty cents an acre. Six farms were thus secured to the heirs of Colonel Jenkins, but the tract called Mount Jenkins, ten miles square, which had been pre sented to him by the State of Connecticut for his services, was allowed to pass into the hands of the Pennsylvania government. The question of validity of title to this and other similar tracts of land has often been agitated. Thus it came to pass that the guide to General 'Sullivan's army, the soldier of twenty-one battles fought for freedom, and a sufferer from imprisonment among savages and imprisonment and exile from other foes, had at last but a narrow six feet of ground in the family burial lot to claim as his own. However, fourteen years previous to the date above men tioned, Colonel Jenkins had built a commodious dwelling on the site of Fort Wintermute, and said to be the first frame house in the valley. It was built on the side of a high ridge of ground 580 The American Historical Register. which runs parallel with the river nearly the entire length of the valley. Near the residence was a beautiful and never-failing spring of clear, cold water, and large oaks and other trees afforded shade. There was an apple orchard and other fruit trees, and grapes and berry vines grew all about the farm fences. Old-fashioned flowers, hollyhocks, marigolds, sunflowers, etc., beautified the garden with its hives of bees and honey. Cows, sheep and horses grazed in the rich pastures, ducks and geese led their broods through the creek running from the spring, while turkeys strutted, cocks crew, and hens cackled and clucked in high contentment; forming a scene of rural comfort which might gratify the heart of any who have been endowed with a love of country life. Deer and wild game was plenty in the forest, as were also wild geese, ducks and pigeons. Shad, eels, bass, pickerel and other fish were to be had at any time : so the people who had suffered from hunger in imprisonment and exile had now abundance and wanted nothing. Their fields yielded bountiful harvests, and from the flax and wool of their own raising sufficient clothing was manufactured to render them com fortable. A house, its furnishings and industries presented a marked contrast to the modern domicile of the American citizen. How would our housewives of this era like the spinning and weaving, dyeing, brewing and baking, the trying of tallow and making of candles and beeswax ; the boiling of soap and making of sugar from the sap of maple trees ; making molasses from pumpkins to sweeten pumpkin pies ; the curing of meat ; drying pumpkin and apples; making butter and cheese for the family and for the market ? Yet all this our busy foremothers did, and the blankets, coverlets, and linen of home production were a wonder to see. Add to this the usually large families that were raised with their mothers for doctor, nurse, cook and teacher ! How was it all done ? In those primitive times the tailor and shoemaker went from house to house plying the needle and the awl. The dress maker, who was sometimes milliner also, went about in the same way. The schoolmaster boarded round a week at a time at the patrons' houses. The Jenkins' home was a sample of the well-to-do house holds of the time, and though it would not compare with the Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 5 8 1 elegant appointments of modern houses, it had all that was necessary for comfort. A huge chimney of field stone occupied the centre of the house having a wide fire-place in the basement with its long iron crane and trammels and pot hooks hanging thereon A huge oven also built of stone and heated with wood completed the culinary arrangements. On the main floor there were three fireplaces, one in each room and two in the story above, making six fireplaces in one •chimney. Fires burning in all these would so heat the large stones used in its construction that they would throw off heat during cold winter nights adding greatly to the comfort of a household. It was the custom in those days to have warm cornbread for breakfast, sometimes sweetened by being mixed with stewed pumpkin. Put into a dutch oven or camping-out kettle with an iron lid and with hot embers covered with ashes at night, this delicious bread would be ready to make the breakfast a feast that an epicure might covet. In the autumn time when the fall work was done, the har vest gathered and stored, butchering done and the smokehouse filled with hams, and long links of sausages had been made, cider had been boiled down and made into a barrel of applesauce, apples had been dried and hung on long poles along with golden rings of dried pumpkin soon to be transformed into pies for Thanksgiving cheer, strings of red-pepper pods hung in the pantry with numerous herbs carefully dried, flower and garden seeds had been gathered and stored for the next year's planting, a barrel of soft soap and a long shelf filled with cheese completed the list of comforts for the approaching winter. Things being thus propitious Mrs. Jenkins made a journey to New York State, visiting some of her numerous brothers and sisters who were living along the route. Wagon roads were yet unknown and the journey was made on horseback, the then usual mode of traveling, and the traveler wore a calico dress which cost one dollar per yard. Money was scarce in those times and it was fortunate that only eight or ten yards of cloth was required for a dress pattern so simple was the style of the narrow gored skirt and short waist. A work bag of the same material as the dress, containing 582 The American Historical Register. one silver dollar, hung on the pommel of the saddle and was lost. The bag returned to its owner two years afterward hang ing on a woman's saddle who called at the door. A journey with one dollar for expenses and that lost ! How very odd ! But hospitality was free and railways and hotels were not there to tax the purse of travelers. On her return Mrs. Jenkins was accom panied by her daughter-in-law, Mary Booth, who had been mar ried two years previously with Harris Jenkins, the second son of the family, he having found his bride while teaching school in Starkey, N. Y. Mary (or Polly) was the daughter of Andrew and Jerusha (Kirby) Booth, who emigrated first from Woodbury, Conn., and then from Sandgate, near Bennington, Vt, to Starkey, when the whole country was a wilderness. This was in 1805. Andrew Booth was grandson of Richard, of Stratford, Conn., who was heir to the title and vast estates of Sir Charles Booth, of County Kent, England. This estate has never been settled.* In this removal to her husband's home, the younger Mrs. Jenkins rode a horse which carried not only herself and a child one year old, but also her wardrobe and a feather bed. The distance from the mouth of the Wyalusing creek, nearly sixty miles, was made in one of the hottest days ever known, although it was the month of November, the travelers arriving at the Jenkins' homestead at five o'clock P. M. On account of the unusual heat at that season, a fatal fever was prevalent in the valley. Among the garments in the modest wardrobe of Mrs. Mary Jenkins was a fine white cambric gown, which became a most important article of apparel. In those days our laidies faire were wont to content themselves with raiment of their own manu facture and although there was much ingenuity displayed in weaving woolen and linen fabrics in fair colors arranged in stripes and plaids, yet, as something more dainty was desired for nuptial occasions, this cambric gown figured at many a mar riage as the bridal dress. Although Mrs. Jenkins was a small * The de Booths came from Normandy, France, with the Conqueror, and bore the same arms as himself because they were his relatives and his friends. In the twelfth century, Sir Adam de Booth married Sybil, daughter of Sir Ralph de Brereton. (Genealogy of Booth family by John T. Booth, M. D., Cincinnati, Ohio.) Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 583 woman and slender the gown was made to fit all sizes by dint of letting out hems and tucks while the then prevailing fashion being scantiness of clothing favored the ingenuity thus displayed. It was said by a gentleman attending the wedding of Miss Pat terson, when she married Jerome Bonapart, that he could have put all she had on in his vest pocket. Vests were large in those days. And so the fair brides of Wyoming had a becoming dress to be married in, if they did wear homespun all the rest of their lives. What must have been the cost of fine cambric when calico was one dollar a yard! Other articles of finery were sometimes displayed which might have excited the admiration or perhaps the envy of those who did not possess them. The fine and costly scarlet cloak presented by the Count Rochambeau to the wife of Governor Trumbull has often been mentioned. There were two of these scarlet broadcloth cloaks in Wyoming. One was owned by Mrs. Bethia Jenkins and the other one by her cousin's wife, Mrs. Thankful Scoville. The owners wore them as long they lived regardless of change of fashion. There was a still more wonderful garment in those home spun days which was worn by Mrs. Abigail Dodge, affectionately called by her relatives Aunt Nabby. Abigail, daughter of Johnathan and Rachel (Otis) Harris came to Pennsylvania with her husband Oliver Dodge, in the early times, and lived at Dodgetown, so named in honor of the family. They had seven children. Oliver died in 1802 leaving his widow at the age of fifty-three with a large family and a farm comprising more than a thousand acres of land which she managed with signal ability. Involved in numerous lawsuits growing out of the controversy between Connecticut and Penn sylvania in regard to land titles, she was successful in all. Going to Wilkes-Barre to attend these law-suits and to seek advice from her friend Mr. Hollenback, she visited her sister Mrs. Jenkins on her way, always riding on horseback and wear ing the afore-mentioned gown. This dress of the richest silk and the gayest colors imaginable, had been purchased of a French lady, Madam D'Autremont, who had brought it from Paris. It was made with a long-pointed waist with a very full skirt which had the finest gauging of hand-work below the waist. 584 The American Historical Register. Home-made calfskin shoes and blue woolen stockings sup plemented this article of elegant toggery. The figure that this good dame must have made with her home-made shoes and Parisian finery furnished a fund of merriment to her greatnieces, long after the gown and its owner had disappeared from the world's stage. But when these merry-makers inquired, " What sort of a woman was this ridiculous Aunt Nabby?" The reply was : " Oh ! she was not at all like most women. She never talked about ordinary matters, but she was always discussing science, politics, theology, or some such thing, and she could hold her own with the most learned and talented men. She did not care for trifling things and liked discussion when she could find any one brilliant enough to talk with." After this description, the younger generation realized that their ridiculous great Aunt Nabby might have shone with an intellectual lustre far surpass ing their own. " She was a woman of great energy and force of character and of fine business capacity. She died July 16, 1837, aged eighty-eight years and seven months."* One bright November Sunday morning the Misses Rachel and Falla Jenkins with their sister-in-law, Mrs. Mary, set out from the Jenkins home to attend meeting at the Meeting House in New Troy. Passing the home of Major Goble that gentleman gave them a gracious salutation and asked them to come into the house and see what he was going to have for his Sunday dinner. Two beds with trundle beds under them at the farther end of a large room furnished the sleeping accommodations for the family while the opposite end of the room was entirely taken up by a huge chimney of common field stone where before a blazing log fire hung a side of pork ribs of immense proportions, roasting for dinner. " Now," said the Major, " you come in on your way back from meeting and take dinner with us." Accordingly, after an hour or so all were seated at the bountiful repast. Most of the New England settlers had brought from the old home spoons, knives and forks, and other requisites for the table, but the Major had been married in the settlement and must be content with such as could be had ; consequently there was a deficit in knives and forks, so whoever had a knife had no fork, and one with a fork had no knife. But neither the * H arris genealogy. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 585 host and hostess nor their guests were discommoded thereby. Does not everyone know that " fingers were made before forks "? So from a stack of pancakes, with no plate under them, and each cake the size of a griddle, rising like a miniature tower at the Major's left hand, he, with a dexterous twirl of his thumb and forefinger, landed a buckwheat cake before each person — that was their dinner plate ! Then with the same skilfulness of fingers he would daintily seize one end of a spare-rib and with a huge butcher knife sever it from its fellows and land it upon the pancake dinner plate, until each guest was served. After this they were helped from a large pewter basin to turnips and potatoes, with an accompani ment of apple sauce, and another pancake — this one to be eaten. The company would tear off a bit of cake and dip in a bowl of sop (or gravy) with a fork, if so fortunate as to have one, other wise with the fingers. Mrs. Jenkins, in giving an account of this dinner party, which she did in the most inimitable manner, would end the story by declaring — "Well, I never enjoyed anything more in my life. There was the happy house — mother unruffled by care and free from fatigue, and the Major radiant with good nature and good will ; together with the abundance of wholesome food and the hearty welcome to the board, made that plain meal a royal feast." May not some good housekeeper, cumbered with much serving, read a lesson here ? Dancing was much in vogue in the merrymakings of those days, and the reels, jigs, " French fours," and other " contra dances " kept the flying feet with light fantastic toe in measured tread to the tunes of " Money-musk," " Rozin the Bow," and other inspiriting airs. General training on the river bank at Fort Jenkins was followed by a grand ball in the evening. Harris Jenkins, the oldest living son of Colonel John, was a colonel of militia, having received his commission from Governor Heister. So sparse was the population that the colonelship gave him military jurisdiction over a large portion of central Pennsylvania. Both the Colonel and Mrs. Jenkins were lively participants in all festivities. The hotel at New Troy Corners was a favorite place for 586 The American Historical Register. holding balls on New Year's Eve, when all the elite of the valley, including Wilkes-Barre, were in attendance. On one or more of these occasions Miss Ruth Ann Butler, a granddaughter of Colonel Zebulon Butler, and afterward wife of John N. Conyngham, for many years judge of Luzerne county, was the reigning belle.* And so the beautiful and classic valley of Wyoming had its sunshine after the toils and disasters of its early days. In the year 1878 the people of the valley joined the descendants of the fallen heroes in celebrating the one hundredth anniversary of the massacre. The celebration was held at the granite monument erected many years previously by the ladies, and was attended by thousands of people, many of them coming from distant parts of the country — grandchildren and great-grandchildren of the slain heroes. President Hayes addressed this great throng, and Jessie Harding, who had passed his three-score years and ten, furnished an epic poem for the exercises. Mr. Harding was a grandson of Captain Stephen Harding. A lyric was sung, which was composed by Steuben Jenkins, a grandson of Colonel John Jenkins, and who also delivered an historical address. The exercises were opened by the reading of an ode to Wyoming by Mrs. Richart, a granddaughter of Colonel John Jenkins. Thus the children's children came together on the one hun dredth anniversary of Wyoming's battle-day to honor the mem ory and deeds of their sires, and to keep alive the fires of patriotism that glowed in the breasts of their ancestors. Since then, on every third day of July anniversary services are held at the monument by the Monument Association, of which Mr. Calvin Parsons, a grandson of one of the slain heroes, is presi dent. In 1894 the Daughters of the American Revolution at- ended the anniversary exercises in a body. Mrs. Catharine Searle McCartney, a great-granddaughter of Judge John Jenkins, is regent of the Wyoming Valley Chapter, and to her it is due to state that it was in compliance with her * Mrs. Conyngham's daughter Anna married the Rt. Rev. Stevens, bishop of Pennsylvania. Traditions of Fort Jenkins. 587 request and that of a daughter of the author that these Tradi tions have been written and published. These patriotic ladies are engaged in the meritorious work of raising funds with which to preserve historic places in the valley. Every year the interest in these grows stronger, and the stranger from foreign lands alike with the native-born citizen feels the thrill of pride and patriotism as the theme is rehearsed year by year, and there is little to fear that future generations will suffer the heroic deeds of patriot sires to be forgotten. Sweetest valley ! I would sing All the thoughts that wanton spring To soar away on fancy's wing. Yes, I would light the sacred fire To sweep the strings of harp or lyre In unison with heavenly choir ; With clear intoning — I then would chant in wailings low Of all thy trials and thy woe Beyond, one hundred years ago — Wyoming ! Upon thy fields, so broad and green, Lying in their changeful sheen The high, blue, circling hills between I have gazed when noon of day With silent march had given way To the softened, glimmering ray Of early gloaming ; And wondered if Elysian field Ever more delight could yield, Than thy landscape then revealed — Wyoming ! Though I may»rove in future time In many and many a distant clime And gaze on scenes far more sublime Yet wheresoe'er I may sojourn, Or wheresoe'er my feet may turn, One flame will in my bosom burn Through all my roaming ; A true pole star this flame will be ; A beacon light on every sea ; To turn my heart to thee, to thee — Wyoming ! CELEBRATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS. The Military Order of the Loyal Legion : new york commandery. The Commandery held its monthly meeting, December 4, at Delmonico's, New York. About four hundred members attended. At the business meeting William S. Andrews, who served two terms as Excise Commissioner and later was Commis sioner of Street Cleaning in New York City, was expelled from the Commandery, by vote of 161 to 76. In deciding to expel Mr. Andrews for bribery from the Loyal Legion, the Com mandery sustained the findings of a board of officers, of which Gen. Horace Porter was the president, and A. Noel Blakeman was recorder. Members of the board spent much of the summer in taking evidence, and to Mr. Andrews was allowed the fullest opportunity to make his defense. The Board of Officers reported at a meeting of the Commandery, October 2, that the charge of " conduct unbecoming a gen tleman and a companion of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States" had been sustained. The report carried with it a recom mendation that Mr. Andrews be expelled from the Order. Mr. Andrews pleaded for delay, and declared that he could present some additional evidence if more time was allowed him, and action upon the report of the Board of Officers was deferred until December 4. Gen. Woodford made a touching appeal in behalf of Mr. Andrews, which was answered by Col. Suydam on behalf of the Board. Mr. Andrews was invited to retire from the room before the decisive vote was taken. So much time was taken up disposing of this unpleasant business, there was only time before dinner to elect new companions. The paper on the "Battle of Corinth," by Maj. - Gen. D. S. Stanley, was the feature of the after-dinner entertainment. MASSACHUSETTS COMMANDERY. *#* The second monthly meeting of the Commandery was held at the American House, Boston, December 4, Gen. Charles L. Peirson presiding. There were 350 companions present. The guests were Col. Woodruff, U. S. Army, commanding 2d Artillery at Fort Warren, and Maj. Bulwer, of Lon don. Capt. William H. Trickey read a paper, entitled " Personal Remin iscences from Concord, N. H., to Fort Fisher." WISCONSIN COMMANDERY. *** The "eldest sons' night" banquet was held at the Milwaukee quarters of the Commandery, December 4, and about eighty were present. The address of the evening was delivered by Judge E. W. Keyes on the Celebrations and Proceedings. 5 89 subject of "The Clay Battalion." J. V. Quarles made the address to the elder sons, and C. H. Hamilton responded. Horace Rublee, ex-Gov. Peck and Col. Calkins also spoke. A fine musical programme was ren dered during the evening. Judge Keyes' account of the defense of the capital was very interesting. NEBRASKA COMMANDERY. *a* The Commandery held a banquet at the Willard Hotel, Omaha, December 4. The guests included the wives and daughters of the mem bers, as well as visiting veterans from other portions of the State. Capt. Palmer presided, and opened the post-prandial exercises by briefly tracing the history of the Loyal Legion. Maj. Clarkson was introduced and spoke on "The Volunteer Soldier." COLORADO COMMANDERY. *.£* The Commandery held its stated meeting, December 3, at the Windsor Hotel, Denver. Col. E. T. Wells, Col. George R. Swallow and Col. E. F. Bishop entertained the companions with papers full of details on the Chattanooga campaign and Chickamauga. IOWA COMMANDERY. *£* The ninth anniversary of the organization of the Commandery was celebrated at Cedar Rapids, November 12. At the business meeting it was decided to hold the next meeting at Des Moines on January 2, and to hold the March meeting at Davenport. At the banquet, toasts were responded to as follows: "Greeting," Commander H. H. Rood; "Our Boys," Judge William G. Thompson, Marion; "The Memories of the Camp Fire," Charles Mackenzie, Des Moines ; "Our Reunited Country," John A. McCall -, ' ' The Women of the War,' ' Capt. J. F. Merrickman, Manchester; "The Army of the Tennessee," Capt. C. W. Kepler, Mt. Vernon. OHIO COMMANDERY. *#* The Commandery met in Cleveland, November 16, to do honor to Lieut. -Gen. Schofield, the guest of the evening. Judge A. J. Ricks officiated as toastmaster. The first address of the evening was by Gen. Schofield. He said that he proposed, in the near future, to make public for the first time a part of the history of the famous negotiations between France and the United States in regard to the occupation of Mexico by French troops at the close of the war. He then told briefly of the call issued by the President at the instance of Secretaries Seward and Stanton, who brought Sherman, Sheridan, Grant and himself to Washington post haste at the close of the war for conference in regard to the situation. As a result of that conference he was sent to Paris, and Sheridan, with 10,000 troops, was sent to the Rio Grande to uphold the Monroe doctrine. Gen. Schofield was successful at Paris, and France, having seated Maxi milian on the throne, withdrew her troops. This matter has been among the secret archives of the government. Others who delivered addresses 590 The American Historical Register. were Gen. J. S. Casement, Mr. George Hoyt, Dr. Herrick, Judge Hutchins, Col. Jared A. Smith, Gen. Leggett, Capt. Kendall and Mr. Harry Vail. The Commandery met in monthly session, December 4, in Cincinnati. A number of impromptu speeches were delivered and anecdotes related. The members then adjourned to the banquet hall. ILLINOIS COMMANDERY. *it* The regular monthly meeting of the Commandery was held, No vember 14, in Chicago, with Commander Judge Walker in the chair. The paper of the evening was read by Gen. Black. Gen. Merritt, commander of the military department, made a speech that called out prolonged applause. MINNESOTA COMMANDERY. *x* The Commandery met and banqueted at the Ryan Hotel, St. Paul, November 12. A reception was tendered Col. John H. Page. The speeches and toasts of the evening were given in the dining-room, to which an adjournment was taken after the banquet. Capt. Castle said he was very proud of having the honor to introduce Col. Page to the members and guests of the Minnesota Commandery, and read a brief sketch of Col. Page's military record, and introduced the Colonel to the assemblage, who delivered an address. Lieut. George W. Grant read the paper of the evening, on " Under Fire at Charleston as a Prisoner of War." He said he was a prisoner of war at the Charleston prison from 1863 to 1865, and related many of his experiences. Lieut. Samuel Appleton made a. humorous address, in which he depicted, in a very laughable manner, some of the shortcomings of the militia. Ex-Senator Gilbert A. Pierce, of North Dakota, made a short speech ; and Col. Plummer, of Minot, N. D. , told why he was a colonel. At the meeting, held December 10, at Minneapolis, Lieut. Ellwood S. Corser, 93d New York Infantry, read a paper on " A Day with the Confederates." Other speakers were Samuel Appleton, Judge Willis, John Day Smith and Col. Paige Thirs, U. S. A. INDIANA COMMANDERY. *.„.* The Commandery met, December 19, at Evansville, and had a grand banquet at the St. George Hotel. Gen. Lew Wallace, Maj. Menzies and Judge Smith, of Rushville, addressed the companions. MISSOURI COMMANDERY. *#.* The Commandery met, December 7, at the Planters' House, St. Louis, many ladies attending the reception. Following the banquet, Gen. Henry spoke of the importance to the city of assisting him in securing an appropriation from Congress for the improvement of Jefferson Barracks. Col. Sexton, of Chicago, described a battle scene from personal experience. Gen. Stibbs, of Chicago, gave several amusing recitations. MAINE COMMANDERY. *V* The Commandery held its monthly meeting and banquet at the Bangor House, Bangor, December 4. Fifty companions attended. The banquet was presided over by Col. J. S. Bangs, of Waterville, commander. Celebrations and Proceedings. 591 MICHIGAN COMMANDERY. *x* The Commandery met, December 5, at Detroit, and paid tribute to the memory of Bvt. Brig. -Gen. Orlando Metcalf Poe in listening to the presentation, by Gen. Luther S. Trowbridge, of the report of the committee appointed to prepare a paper regarding the death of their first commander and beloved companion. The paper was headed with a list of the titles and positions held by the deceased, and was followed by a memoriam. Society Sons of the Revolution : NEW YORK. The State Society celebrated Evacuation Day, November 25, with a dinner, in the banquet hall of Delmonico's, New York. Frederick S. Tallmadge, president of the Society, occupied the seat of honor, and with him were ex-Senator Warner Miller, Rear-Admiral Meade, Rear-Admiral Walker, the Rev. Dr. Brockholst Morgan, the Rev. Dr. Francis L. Patton, Monsignor Robert Seton, John A. Cabell, presi dent of the Virginia Society; the Rev. Dr. David J. Burrell, William G. Hamilton, Charles H. Woodruff, Wil liam D. Harden, vice-president of the Georgia Society, and Thomas E. Vermilye Smith. More than two hundred members of the Society also sat at the tables. The interesting ceremony observed by the Society at this festival, of bearing round the room, reclin ing on an elaborate cushion, a three-cornered Continental hat, typical of those worn by Washington and his officers, and the subsequent presenta tion of it to the President, to be temporally donned, was duly carried out amid many manifestations of appreciation. Charles Isham, Arthur M. Hatch and Thomas E. Vermilye Smith were the selected pages, the pres entation being made by Robert L. Belknap. The President, in accepting the hat, said : It gives me very great pleasure and pride to accept this hat, so full of dignity and Revolutionary associations, if only to wear it for a few moments, in modest imitation of those men who, 112 years ago, entered this city with their hats cocked and their muskets primed to fight for the defence of their country. The setting sun, which lulled the in habitants into sweet sleep that night, told them that the long-looked for peace had come, and when on the following morning that sun gilded the steeples of the churches of this country it rose upon a free and independent people. The Rev. Dr. Francis L. Patton, responded to the toast of ' ' Princeton and the Revolution." Rear-Admiral Meade spoke upon "Paul Jones, Sponsor of the Stars and Stripes on the Ocean." John Alston Cabell responded, "New York and Virginia in the Revolution." The final speaker was the Rev. David J. Burrell, who paid many eloquent tributes to " Nathan Hale, the patriot spy." \* The State Society held its annual meeting at Delmonico's, New York City, December 3. There was a slight commotion at the meeting. Gilbert R. Hains said that the work of the organization was transacted 592 The American Historical Register. almost entirely by committees, and the young blood had no opportunity to assert itself. In order to do away with this custom and with no disrespect to Asa Bird Gardiner, the present incumbent, he nominated Richard Henry Greene for chairman of the Board of Managers, although Mr. Gardiner was the choice of the Nominating Committee. Mr. Gardiner was chosen by a vote of 164 to 95. The officers elected follow : President, Frederick Samuel Tallmadge ; vice-president, Robert Olyphant ; secretary, Thomas E. Vermilye Smith ; treasurer, Arthur Melvin Hatch ; registrar, Charles Isham; chaplain, Rev. Brockholst Morgan. Board of Managers: Asa Bird Gardiner, Bradish Johnson, Henry WyckofT Le Roy, John Hone, Charles Hornblower Woodruff, Chester Griswold, Frederick Clarkson, John Taylor Terry, Jr.; William Carpenter, James Betts Metcalf and William Gaston Hamilton. Mr. Hains proposed an amendment to the constitution permitting members to vote by mail or by proxy, which will be voted upon at the next meeting. The Society decided, on motion of the Rev. Dr. Hayes, to take measures to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of the death of Washington, December 14, 1799. A committee was also appointed to raise funds for a monument to be erected in memory of Wash ington and Clinton. The fiscal year ended November 30, with 1702 members, a net gain for the year of 223, and with assets of $21, 719.08, a gain for the year of $6,278.25. ILLINOIS. *s* The State Society held its second annual meeting and banquet at the Hotel Richelieu, Chicago, December 4. One hundred and fifty mem bers were present. The guests of honor and speakers were: Maj. -Gen. Wesley Merritt, Judge John Barton Payne, Frank O. Lowden, Rev. H. A. Delano, D. D., Dr. Norval H. Pierce and Lieut. Charles P. Sturgis, U. S. Army. Preceding the banquet a meeting was held for the election of officers. There were two tickets in the field, one headed by H. A. Wheeler, for president, and the other by Henry W. Dudley. The latter, entitled the members' ticket, was elected as follows : President, Henry Walbridge Dud ley ; vice-president, James Frank Kelley ; second vice-president, John Crocker Foote ; third vice-president, William Henry Klapp ; secretary, Arthur Leffingwell ; treasurer, Albert Crane Barnes ; registrar, Charles Thomson Atkinson ; chaplain, Rt. Rev. Charles Reuben Hale. NEW JERSEY. *** The State Society is desirous of stimulating in the growth of the States a greater and more intimate knowledge of the patriotism, devotion and sacrifices of our forefathers. And to accomplish this purpose they have offered medals for the best original essays on the subject " Washington's Campaign in New Jersey. " * NORTH CAROLINA. *** The Society met November 21, in Raleigh, and elected the follow ing officers for the enduing year : Gov. Elias Can-, president ; Kemp P. Battle, LL.D., vice-president; Marshall DeLancey Haywood, secretary; Herbert W. Jackson, treasurer; Prof. D. Hill, registrar; Rev. Robert Brent Celebrations and Proceedings. 593 Drane, D.D., chaplain. The Board of Managers : Samuel A'Court Ashe, Alphonso Calhoun Avery, LL.D., Dr. Herbert Bemerton Battle, Bosworth Clifton Beckwith, Graham Daves, Peter Evans Hines, M. D., Alexander Quarles Holladay, Thomas S. Kenan and Joseph Dolby Myers. Col. Kenan, Mr. Haywood and Mr. Andrews were appointed a committee to inquire into the practicability of republishing Jones' " Defense of North Carolina," which valuable contribution to the Revolutionary history of that State is now out of print. OHIO. *#* The Society has undertaken an enterprise which is sure to meet, not only with the approval of all patriotic citizens, but with the hearty and vigorous support of all kindred organizations. Recognizing that the present period of transition in all departments of knowledge is an eminently fitting time in which to plant the seeds of patriotism and encourage the growth of noble ideas among the people, the Society has decided to present to the city of Cincinnati a bronze statue of the "Minute Man of '76." To defray the expense of obtaining and erecting the statue, the Cincinnati Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution and the Ohio Society of the Colonial Wars have offered aid to the Society, and under the auspices of these societies a Continental ball will be given on the night of December 3 1 , at the Armory in Cincinnati. The most attractive feature of the ball will be the " Minuet, which will be danced in Continental cos tume, but the wearing of the Continental dress is optional with all others who attend. The Society has created a guarantee fund, which insures the success of the entertainment. The Executive Committee is Perin Langdon, Ralph Peters, A. Howard Hinkle, Mrs. Brent Arnold, Mrs. A. Howard Hinkle, Mrs. Prank L. Perin. Perin Langdon is chairman and A. Henry Pugh secretary. MINNESOTA. *** The annual meeting of the State Society was held December 3, at the Aberdeen, St. Paul. The following officers were elected : President, Charles Phelps Noyes ; vice-president, Rukard Hurd ; secretary, John Townsend, No. 135 Endicott, St. Paul, Minn.; treasurer, J. E. McWiUiams; registrar, Maj. Charles H. Whipple, U. S. Army; chaplain, Rev. Edward Payson Ingersoll, D. D. Board of Managers : T. C. Field, Nathaniel Elwell, Capt. W. C. Buttler, U. S. Army; Geo. H. Daggett, R. B. C. Bement, William B. Dean. A magnificent portrait of Washington was presented to the Order by A. W. Elson, of Boston, and a proper acknowledgment was ordered sent to him for the gift. A sum of money was voted toward the purchase of a bronze statue of "The Minute Man," which is to be erected THE MINUTE MAN. 594 The American Historical Register. on the historic site of Fort Washington at Cincinnati, O., by the Ohio State Society Sons of the Revolution. PENNSYLVANIA. *#* The seventh annual service of the Society to observe the anniver sary of the commencement of the encampment of the Continental army at Valley Forge, in 1777, was held at Christ Church, Philadelphia, Sunday, December 22, at 4 P. M. George Cuthbert Gillespie was chairman of the Committee of Arrangements. The services were conducted by the Rev. G. Woolsey Hodge, Chaplain of the Pennsylvania Society. Bishop Whitaker and other prominent clergymen were present. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Randolph Harrison McKim, D. D., chaplain of the Society in the District of Columbia. The members met at the rooms of the Society, Independence Hall, and proceeded to the church in a body. The ist 1 ity Troop and the officers of all local patriotic societies were present. The Society offers a prize, which is open to the students of all departments of the University of Pennsylvania for the best essay on " The Principles Fought For in the American Revolution." DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. *#* The annual meeting of the Society was held December 3, in the Ebbitt House, President Lewis Johnson Davis in the chair The President of the Board of Managers said that during the year thirty-three new mem bers had been received, four members had withdrawn on account of removal from the District, three had resigned and two had died, leaving on the rolls 233. Continuing his report President Davis made an earnest appeal for the union of the two societies of the ' ' Sons. ' ' The report was received with applause and was adopted, the subject of union with the Sons of the American Revolution arousing considerable comment, which was shut out temporarily by the election of officers as follows : President, Admiral J. G. Walker ; vice-president, G. B. Goode ; secretary, H. G. Kemp; treasurer, W. Yeatman ; registrar, C. H. Campbell ; chaplain, Rev. Dr. R. H. McKim. Board of Managers : M. B. Hatch, G. Hunt, J. H. Hayden, F. P. B. Sands, B. Bulkley, C. T. F. Beal, C. Lee, Dr. Nash and Thomas Blagdon. The next business was the election of delegates to the General Society meeting to be held in Savannah, Ga., April 19, 1896. Mr. Gurley, at the request of Admiral Roe, read a long set of resolutions on the subject of union between the Sons of the Revolution and the Sons of the American Revolution, which will be forwarded to the Savannah meeting of the General Society. They provide for union under the mother society, as possible, and, if not, for a local union, both societies retaining their relations with the national Orders. The United States Daughters, 1776-18 12. — The New Orleans Chapter held a meeting, November 5, at the residence of Mrs. Dora R. Miller, and matters relating to its charge, the Chalmette monument and park, were discussed. Mrs. Virginia Fowler was elected historian and Mrs. Miller corresponding secretary. A plan was outlined for celebrating January 8, which was more fully developed at the meeting of the Society; December 3. Celebrations and Proceedings. cge The Society Sons of the American Revolution : NEW YORK. The Empire State Society held its usual monthly literary and social meeting Evacuation Day at the Hotel Normandie, New York. In the absence of President Chauncey M. Depew, the vice-president, Robert B. Roosevelt, pre sided. After General Horatio C. King had been elected to the post on the Board of Managers, made vacant by the death of Ebenezer Kellogg Wright, Mr. Roosevelt called upon Edward Hagaman Hall, the registrar of the Society, to tell of " The Capture of the Island of Manhattan." Walter R. Benjamin, who has a famous collection of autograph manuscripts of the Revolution, told of " Life on the Island During British Occupation,' ' and very largely allowed the writers of old-time letters to speak for themselves through the faded manuscripts which he had indus triously collected and reverently preserved. There were letters from Jefferson, Maj. -Gen. William Alexander, or Lord Sterling, as he signed himself ; from Gen. Clinton, John Hancock, whom the speaker' humorously characterized as the " David B. Hill of the Revolution ;" from Maj. -Gen. Horatio Gates, Gen. Charles Lee, and a very striking specimen from the hand of the " swamp-fox," Gen. Marion. The feature of the evening was the address of Capt. Henry W. Hubbell, U. S. Army. He spoke upon ' ' The Evacuation of New York and Some Reflections on the Present Needs of New York City." The last speaker of the evening was Walter S. Logan, who told " How the War Came to an End." NEW JERSEY. *#* The annual meeting of the State Society will be held on Decem ber 26, the anniversary of the battle of Trenton, in the Chancery Chambers, Newark, and at night the Society will hold a banquet at the Essex Lyceum, at which Governor-elect Griggs, Rev. W. S. Crowe and others will respond to toasts. ILLINOIS. *** The annual meeting of the State Society was held in Steinway Hall, Chicago, December 3, and was not only attended largely by members of the Society, but also by Daughters of the American Revolution. Officers for the ensuing term were elected as follows : Henry Sherman Boutell, president ; S. E. Gross, first vice-president ; Col. George V. Lauman, second vice-president ; J. D. Vandercook, secretary ; F. B. Gibbs, treasurer ; S. M. Adams, historian ; W. J. Ripley, registrar ; Rev. J. B. Canfield, chaplain ; Col. F. C. Pierce, sergeant-at-arms. Fernando Jones presented a resolution for the erection of a monument by the Society to Gen. Richard Montgomery at Quebec, and it was voted to memoralize the Canadian Parliament, asking its consent to such action. A communication was read from the Ohio Society urging the consolidation of the two national societies of the " Sons." A resolution favoring this action was passed and referred to the Board cf 596 The American Historical Register. Managers. At the close of the meeting a paper was read by A. J. Fisher on "The Spirit of '76." DELAWARE. *#* At the annual meeting of the Society, Thomas F. Bayard was elected past-president ; Judge L. E. Wales, president ; Col. Andrew J. Woodman, vice-president ; Frank R. Carswell, secretary ; Col. W. A. La Motte, treasurer, and Lawrence B. Jones, registrar. Howard D. Ross was elected delegate-at-large to the National Convention. A committee was appointed to prepare resolutions on the death of C. T. R. Bates. MASSACHUSETTS. *#* A local chapter, called the George Washington, has been organized in Springfield with the following officers : President, A. H. Kirkham ; vice- president, Luke S. Stowe ; secretary, William A. Webster ; treasurer, William M. Wharfield ; historian, Ethan Brooks. *#* Old Salem Chapter has been organized. The officers are as follows: President, W. O. Hood; vice-president, D. A. Massey; treasurer, C. H. Preston ; secretary and registrar, Eben Putnam ; Executive Com mittee, F. V. Wright and W. W. Eaton. PENNSYLVANIA. *#* The Pittsburgh Chapter celebrated, November 23, its second anni versary by a dinner at Hotel Duquesne. Among those present were : Col. W. A. Herron, president of the Pennsylvania Society ; Maj. Howard Morton, vice-president ; Thomas S. Brown, secretary ; Jos. D. Weeks, Col. A. J. Logan, Maj. F. K. Patterson, Maj. John Hancock and Rev. R. S. Holmes, D.D. RHODE ISLAND. *4S* A reception and banquet were tendered by the State Society to Gen. Horace C. Porter, president-general of the National Society, at the Narragansett Hotel, Providence, November 30. Prior to the banquet a reception was held, the President-General and local prominent guests being received by a committee, Edward Field chairman. During the reception and banquet an orchestra rendered music. Prayer was offered by Prof. N. F. Davis, of Brown University, and the customary toast to the heroes ot the Revolution drunk by the assembly standing, after which the elaborate banquet was served. At its conclusion President Field rapped order, and introduced the first speaker of the evening, Gov. Charles Warren Lippitt, who responded to the toast, ' ' The State of Rhode Island, the Birthplace ol Liberty." The next toast proposed was the " National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution," to which was invited to respond the honorary guest of the evening, Gen. Porter. The last speaker of the evening was John C. Wyman, who responded to the toast, "The Spirit of '76.' MISSOURI. *#* The Kansas City Chapter attended the funeral of its president, Edward H. Allen, December 4, and at a special meeting passed appro priate resolutions. Celebrations ana Proceedings. 597 Society of Colonial Wars : massachusetts. The 600th anniversary of the first representative English Parliament | was commemorated November 27, in the Old South Meeting House, Boston, by the Society. Members of all the patriotic societies were present. Abner Cheney Goodell, Jr., delivered an address on the early English Parliament and the early representative assemblies of the Massachusetts colony and province. Mr. Madison Bigelow reviewed the events that brought about the first representative English Parlia ment in 1295, and Dr. Abbott explained at length how the Society came to take up the subject of the discussion, explaining the close connection between the legislative methods of old and New England. The following committee occupied the platform during the evening : A. J. C. Snowdon, Profs. Grosse and Thayer, of Harvard, and Judge Charles J. Mclntire. PENNSYLVANIA. *#* The second annual service of the Society was held, November 24, in Christ Church, Philadelphia, to celebrate the anniversary of the capture of Fort Duquesne. The galleries were festooned in red and white bunting, the Society's colors, and on the altar and pulpit were the national colors. On the right of the south aisle were seated the Colonial Dames and the Daughters of the American Revolution, and in the centre aisle Gov. Hastings and staff, Gen. Snowden and staff, members of the Society of the Colonial Wars, Sons of the Revolution, Society of the Cincinnati, Society of the War of 181 2, Military Order of Foreign Wars, the Naval Order, the Colonial Order of the Acorn and Military Order of the Loyal Legion. The processional hymn was " The Son of God Goes Forth to War," and the clergy taking part in the service were : Bishop Leonard, of Nevada and Utah ; Bishop Whitehead, of Pittsburgh ; the Rev. Dr. Stevens, the Revs. Jacob Le Roy, W. W. Silvester, S. T. D.; J. C. Kerr, D. D., U. S. Army ; John Bolton, H. M. G. Huff and E. G. Nock. The sermon was preached by Bishop Perry, of Iowa, from the text, ' ' I will remember the years of the right hand of the Most High." Psalm "jy. 10. The music was rendered by members of the Eurydice and Orpheus Societies, accompanied by organ and instrumental pieces. At a meeting, held November 30, the following resolution was ordered to be spread upon the minutes in memory of the late James Mifflin, Esq., of Philadelphia, a great-great-grandnephew of Maj .-Gen. Thomas Mifflin : We, the Council of the Society of Colonial Wars, in the Commonwealth of Penn sylvania, have learned with profound sorrow of the death of Mr. James Mifflin, our lieutenant-governor, which occurred at his residence, 1824 Spruce street, Philadelphia, on November 24, 1895. As the first of the founders of the Society to be lost to us, it is fitting that we should Committee. 598 The American Historical Register. express our great appreciation of his merits both as a wise member of the Council and a dignified representative of our body before the world. Mr. Mifflin will always be remembered by us as one who had not only much to do with the foundation of our Society, but also very much to do with its success. Clear in his views, firm in opinion, but extremely courteous in its expression; dili gent and exact in the conduct of the Society's business, we may well feel that we have sus tained such a loss as cannot easily be repaired, and the more to be deplored as he was cut off in the full vigor of manhood, with faculties unimpaired, which promised long and valuable service to his family and friends. To his bereaved relatives we beg leave to offer our respectful sympathy. On behalf of the Council. Edward Shippen, M. D., ANDREW CHEVES DULLES, C. Ellis Stevens, D. D., T. Chester Walbridge. •George Cuthbert Gillespie, Secretary. NEW YORK. *3* The Society had a banquet and business meeting, November 24, at the Waldorf, New York, and on December 19 a luncheon party in the Insurance Club. This was preceded by a business meeting in the office of the Society at No. 37 Liberty street. The general officers were invited to attend the fourth general court of the New York Society, the same evening, .at the Waldorf. CALIFORNIA. *%.* This Society was instituted November 30, in the office of the United States District Attorney, in the government building, Los Angeles. The officers elected for the first year are : Governor, Holdrige Ozro Collins ; deputy governor, Erskine Mayo Ross, judge of the United States Circuit •Court for the Ninth Circuit; lieutenant-governor, Maj. William Anthony Elderkin, U. S. Army ; secretary, Harry Woodville Latham ; treasurer, Frank Putnam Flint ; registrar, Edward Thomas Hardin ; historian, Brad- ner Wells Lee ; chancellor, George Jules Denis ; surgeon, John Randolph Haynes, M. D.; chaplain, Dr. Alexander Moss Merwin ; gentlemen of the council, Charles Putnam Fenner, Henry Atherton Nichols, William Ather- ton Nichols, Andrew Roane Thorpe, Cameron Erskine Thom, Josiah Alonzo Osgood, William A. Brewer, Motley Hewes Flint, Spencer Roane Thorpe. OHIO. *** The first social court of the Society was held on December 19, the anniversary of the Great Swamp fight, at the residence of the deputy gov ernor-general, Mr. Michael Myers Shoemaker, Cincinnati. It was a very stately and interesting function. MARYLAND. *#* The monthly council met December 3, at the Hotel Rennert, Bal timore, and elected the following new members : Dr. William Whitridge, John Izard Middleton, William Smith Gittings Williams, Dr. Walter Celebrations and Proceedings. 590 Brewster Piatt and Douglas Hamilton Thomas. Mr. McHenry Howard, governor of the Society, presided at the meeting, and Mr. George Norbury Mackenzie was secretary. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. *** A general court of the District Society will be held December 19 for the election of officers, and to vote upon important amendments to the constitution.Society of the War of 181 2: The Executive Committee of the General Society met December 12, in the rooms of the Society of the Colonial Wars, Philadelphia. The committee meets every six months, and the Society itself every two years. The next convention of the General Society will be held in Philadelphia about the middle of June. At the meeting of the committee, December 12, the chair was occupied by President John Cadwalader- Those present included the officers of the General Society: Secretary, Capt. H. H. Bellas, U. S. Army ; treasurer, Satterlee Swartwout ; registrar, Dr. A. K. Hodel, of Baltimore ; vice-president for Maryland, Commander Felix McCurley, U. S. Army ; for Massachusetts, Capt. W. L. Willey ; for New York, Appleton Morgan and Dr. George H. Burgin. The principal matter of interest brought up in the meeting was the report of Mr. Morgan, of New York, on the condition of the Society in that city. It was a review of the contro versy which has been going on for some time there between the Society of 1812, represented by Mr. Morgan, and another organization with a similar name, represented by Maj. Gardiner, in which Mr. Morgan seems to have the best of the argument. The register of the General Society, containing the constitution and membership lists, is already in press. The report of Secretary-General Bellas showed the already existence of five State socie ties, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Ohio hav ing a membership of upwards of 1000, and an application from the Kentucky State Society for recognition by the General Society. The request ¦of the Illinois Chapter for admission to the General Society was granted. A number of minor matters were disposed of before the meeting adjourned. A reception was given at the United Service Club in the evening by the Pennsylvania Society to the Executive Committee. A musical entertain ment was provided and a collation was served. MASSACHUSETTS. *#* A stated meeting of the Society was held, November 22, at the University Club, Boston, in commemoration of the capture by the U. S. ship United States, Como. Decatur, of H. M. S. Macedonian, Capt. Car een, October 25, 181 2. After dinner, the president, Dr. Franklin T. Beatty, called the meeting to order. The secretary, Mr. C. F. B. Phil- 600 The American Historical Register. brook, read a letter from Joseph H. O'Neil, assistant treasurer of the United States, thanking the Society for the resolutions adopted at its last meeting in appreciation of his efforts to secure the U. S. ship Constitution for Boston, where she was built and fitted out for every one of her famous cruises of 1 812-15. The members then listened to a very interesting paper prepared and read by Mr. Amos Binney, treasurer of the Society, on the cruise of the United States, under command of Como. Decatur, and her brilliant captain of the Macedonian. Informal remarks on the naval events of 1812 were also made by the president, Dr. Beatty; Dr. C. W. Galloupe, Rodney Macdonough, grandson of Como. Macdonough, U. S. Navy ; F. M. Blaisdell, C. B. Roberts, J. H. A. Pearson and the secretary, C. F. B. Philbrook.Society of the Cincinnati : "Second Letter of Gen. John Cochrane to the New York Cincinnati " is the title of a brochure, which is a continuation of a former paper on the mooted question of the existence of a Society of the Cincinnati in France. This subject is most exhaustively treated as well as kindred and equally important ones regarding the original Institu tion of the Society, the co-ordinate rights and duties of the State and General Societies and the parallel be tween the States of the old Confederacy and the State Societies of the Cincinnati. By the general reader much valuable historical information can be gained ; to the student of Cincinnati precedents, the treatise is invaluable. The ulti mate power of the State societies to determine the qualification of applicants for membership and to admit them — to expel them if necessary — the elec tion of honorary members within the provisions of the Institution ; the distribution of their proper funds for charitable purposes ; their election of delegates to the General Meeting, and even the issuance of insignia and diplomas to the members of each State Society, are all points clearly demonstrated. Equally so is the refutation of the recent claim by certain interested parties that the Secretary of the General Society is the sole supervisor of the conduct of the several State societies; the giving "by one of two joint depositories of a power, sole control to its co-parcener which, if admitted, would reduce the Institution to a glaring contradiction of terms." The apparent existence as claimed of a French Society, under the proposed "amended" Institution, is, we think, clearly shown by the writer to have no logical or historical grounds to rest on, and was probably never seriously intended, until a very recent period, to be so considered, the whole subject being virtually claimed under the short-lived, in fact merely proposed, "amended" Institution of 1784, and not under the original and at present existing Institution of 1783. Into this blunder — the recognition of such a Society, the general meeting of 1887, plunged bodily — ncmine dissenticntc. It is to correct such a great error in the constitution of the Cincinnati Society, that Gen. Cochrane has given so much time and valuable research. H. H. B. Celebrations and Proceedings. 60 1 The Society Colonial Dames of America : virginia. The annual meeting of the Society was held November 18, at the Jefferson Hotel, Richmond, the president, Mrs. Russell Robinson, presiding. The date was that of the granting by Gov. Yeardley (161 8) to Virginia of the Great Charter, or Commission of Laws, Privi leges and Orders. Mrs. N. A. Claiborne, recording secretary, read a report, passing the year's work in review. Conspicuous on the record of the work of copying the Middlesex Register, which was the basis of Bishop Meade's celebrated work on "Old Churches and Families of Virginia." The Register was kindly loaned by the Theological Semi nary, Alexandria, whose property it is. The new seal of the Dames was commented upon, being that of the Virginia Company, in London, adapted to their present needs. Resolutions regarding the death of Miss Mary Greenway McClelland, a member of the Society, was adopted. The elec tion of officers resulted, Mrs. Russell Robinson, president ; Mrs. James Lyons, first vice-president ; Mrs. M. F.Pleasants, second vice-president; Mrs. H. A. Glaiborne, recording secretary ; Mrs. Lucy Carter Trent, corre sponding secretary ; Mrs. Reginald Gilham, registrar ; Mrs. George W. Mayo, treasurer ; Mrs. Chas. Washington Coleman, historian, vice Miss Margaret Vowel Smith, resigned. Mrs. James Lyons, a member of the Committee on the Revision of the National By-Laws, presented a report which was unanimously adopted. Miss Margaret Vowel Smith, the author of "The Governors of Virginia," read a paper on Alexandria and Fairfax counties, entitled ' ' The Stately Homes of Fairfax, ' ' in which she gave much valuable historical information regarding their growth and develop ment ; the social life of old Virginia, and charmingly depicted the home life of Washington, Fairfax, and others, as typifying all that was best in it. PENNSYLVANIA. *#* The State Society met in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall, Philadelphia, November 6. A letter from the Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Wars was submitted with regard to the division and care of the rooms in the building at the southeast corner of Sixth and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia, known as Congress Hall, which had been granted to the two societies for their joint occupancy. The division of the rooms proposed at the meeting and unanimously agreed upon was that the first floor room, used as the House of Representatives during the Washington Administration, should be set apart as a museum for both societies. In this room, which is to be under the care of a joint committee from the two societies, it is hoped, in course of time, to gather together many interesting and valuable relics of colonial days. A number of historical books and pictures have been sent to the Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames, and many more will doubt- 602 The American Historical Register. less be added to the collection when the work of restoration and decoration has been completed. The large north room and adjoining committee room on the second floor will be occupied exclusively by the Society of Colonial Wars, while the old Senate Chamber, with the south windows from which Washington is said to have shown himself to the populace gathered in Independence Square, upon the occasion of his inauguration here in 1793, was chosen by the Colonial Dames for their headquarters. The Society of Colonial Wars, at the conclusion of their letter, chivalrously remarked that it would take pleasure in facilitating in all suitable ways the convenience and comfort of the Colonial Dames, expressing the hope that the only rivalry that would ever exist between them would be one of mutual courte sies. An important part of the work of this season has been the appoint ment and organization of a ' 'Committee of Thirteen,' ' whose number is sym bolic of the thirteen original States, and whose especial work is to be the care and restoration of the portion of Congress Hall to be occupied by the Colonial Dames of Pennsylvania. From this " Committee of Thirteen," a House Committee of five persons was chosen to confer with a committee of the same number from the Society of Colonial Wars, and to unite with them on the guardianship of Congress Hall, which both societies hold as a sacred trust from the city of Philadelphia. The ' ' Committee of Thirteen " has already held several meetings, and at a meeting of the State Society, held December 11, submitted plans for the restoration of the Senate Cham ber, which has been prepared by a capable architect, who has made a thorough study of colonial architecture, and who unites with the Pennsyl vania Dames in their desire to make the room as much like what it was in the last century as is consistent with its present usefulness and beauty. The senate chamber, when finished, will be a handsome and suitable room for business and social meetings of the Pennsylvania Dames, while a museum will be an institution of ever-increasing interest and value to the city and State. The Society for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, for the purpose of raising funds, will give a three-days' entertainment, called the " Kermesse,' ' at the Mozart, Richmond, Va. Mrs. Joseph Bryan pre sided over the meeting of the committees interested in making the affair a success. An endeavor will be made to eclipse every former affair of the kind. The name of the Queen of the ' • Kermesse ' ' will be announced shortly. Some of the dances and chaperons are : " The Nile Worship pers," Mrs. O'Ferrall, Mrs. Hotchkiss, Mrs. Talbott and Mrs. Putney; " Satsuma Shinto " dance, Mrs. James Lyons, Mrs. Brydon Tennant and Mr. W. James Walker ; " Sphinx Worshippers," Mrs. John Lyons, Mrs. R. G. Rennolds and Mrs. Atkinson; "Little Japs," Mrs. H. A.Williams; Greek dance, Mrs. E. A. Saunders, Mrs. C. E. Smith and Mrs. Travers ; Spanish, Mrs. Augustine Royall ; German North Country, Mrs. Von Rose- negk; Swedish, Mrs. Bentley and Mrs. George Ben. Johnston; Spanish Coquette, Mrs. Mann Valentine ; Court Minuet, Mrs. William Royall, Mrs. Enders, Johnston and Edward Mayo. Celebrations and Proceedings. 603 The Colonial Order of the Acorn : The 1 1 2th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Peace, acknowl edging the independence of the North Ameri can colonies by Great Britain, was celebrated by a dinner of the New York Chapter in the large private dining-room of the Metropolitan Club. There was a large number of the members of the Chapter present, and the dinner was also attended by the presiding officers of the Cincinnati, St Nicholas, Hol land, Colonial Wars Societies and other kindred patriotic associations. The dinner was handsomely served, the following were among the regular toasts, " Our Country and the Patriotism of To-day," "The President of the United States, " "The State of New York, " " The Puritans, the Dutch, the Virginians ;" "Colonial Maids and Matrons," "Our Guests," and among the speakers were the following well-known citizens : Frederick de Peyster, Edward King, Chauncey M. Depew, Edward Quintard, and Nicholas Fish. Society Daughters of the American Revolution : pennsylvania. The annual meeting of the Philadelphia Chapter was held in their new quarters in Independence Hall, November 22, for the election of officers. Mrs. Edward Iungerich Smith, the regent, since its organization, to the regret of every one, declined renomination, and presented the name of Mrs. Charles C. Harrison for the office of regent. Her election was unani mous. In accepting the election Mrs. Harrison indicated in a brief but felicitous way the stand and policy which the Society should take under her leadership. Other officers were elected as follows : Registrar, Mrs. Hood Gilpin ; corresponding sec retary, Mrs. W. Foster Thornton ; recording Miss Helena Hubbell ; treasurer, Mrs. Herman Hoopes ; Miss Anne Law Hubbill ; chaplain, Mrs. William Silvester ; managers, Mrs. Edward I. Smith, Miss F. S. Magee, Mrs. R. S. Rhodes, Miss Helen Huber, Mrs. Edward S. Ogden. *** The annual meeting of the Delaware County Chapter was held November 25 at the house of the regent, Mrs. James Watts Mercur, of Wallingford. The following officers were elected : Mrs. James Watts Mercur, regent; Mrs. Louis K. Lodge, registrar; Mrs. Price Wetherill Janeway, secretary ; Miss Eliza Snowden Leiper, treasurer. Two papers secretary,historian, 604 The American Historical Register. were read, one on " An Historical Tour Through Bucks County," by Mrs. Phillip Mowry, and one on "The Surrender of Cornwallis," by Miss Ellen L. Denis. *x* The Colonel Hugh White Chapter, Lock Haven, have voted to offer a prize for the best essay on " The Part Pennsylvania Took in the Revolu tion." The members of the senior and junior classes of the high school are to compete. The essays must be in the hands of the regent, Mrs. Louis A. Scott, by February 12. A meeting of the Chapter was held at the residence of Mrs. B. F. Geary, December 11. The subject for discus sion was, " Gen. Washington and his Army at Valley Forge." *¥f The Quassaick Chapter, Scranton, had "an afternoon of history " at the home of Miss Emma Bradley, November 20. Mrs. Dr. Chas. F. Allen read a paper on " A Pioneer of the Great West," and Miss C. M. Leonard read " Stony Point for a Public Reservation." *x* The Donegal Chapter, Lancaster, held its regular monthly meet ing at the home of Mrs. H. M. North, Columbia, November 13. Miss Martha Clark read a paper written by Miss Susanna M. K. Stanley on "Naval Battles of the Revolution," and Mrs. Henry Carpenter one on "Burning of the Ship Gaspee," written by Mrs. Joshua Wilbur, of Rhode Island. The December meeting took place at the residence of Mrs. J. K. Lineaweaver, Columbia. A very large number of the members were present. Mrs. M. N. Robinson read a paper on "The Winter at Valley Forge." Miss Louise Reynolds gave an account of what is to be seen there now, Mrs. Henry Carpenter read a paper on " The Origin of Our Flag." *%* The Shikellimo Chapter, Lewisburg, met December 2, at the home of Mrs. Clinton B. Hyatt. Dr. Enoch Perrine, Prof, of Rhetoric at Buck- nell University, read a paper on " Our Friends the Enemies, or the Tories- of the Revolutionary Period.' ' *** The Wyoming Valley Chapter, Wilkesbarre, has recently been entertained by Mrs. Charles Hunt, and at its monthly meeting Mrs. Charles- E. Rice, chapter historian, read a paper on "Nathan Hale," and Mrs. Isaac P. Hand read a paper on " Benedict Arnold." The Chapter has- offered a $15 prize to pupils of local schools for the best essay upon some Revolutionary topic. Queen Esther Rock has recently been purchased by the Chapter. This rock was the scene of many harrowing deaths during the dark days of the valley at the time of the Revolution, for upon its face a number of her settlers had their lives beaten out to the wild dance and savage yells of Queen Esther and her followers. The rock is to be pro tected by a cage, with inscribed tablet — the gift of Maj. Hendricks, of Car- bondale, through the kind solicitation of Mr. Charles Law, of Pittston. The success and growth of the Chapter is wholly due to the unflagging and capable efforts of the regent, Mrs. McCartney. *x* The Merion Chapter held a meeting in the George Institute, Hes- tonville, December 3, and passed a vote of thanks to Rev. Henry A. F. Celebrations and Proceedings. 605 Hoyt, and the ladies of St. John' s Church, Lower Merion, for their kindness and courtesy in connection with the patriotic service on Thanksgiving Day. The Chapter has made progress in learning the exact location of graves of Revolutionary soldiers buried in Lower Merion. It is believed that Lieut. Thomas Wynn, of the "Philadelphia Flying Camp," is buried at Merion Meeting; also, several members of the Philadelphia militia named Warner and Jones. Probably some Revolutionary soldiers of the names of Miller, Hoffman, Latch and others, of German extraction, are interred at the Lutheran Cemetery, Ardmore. The Baptist Cemetery near Bryn Mawr undoubtedly contains the remains of patriots. Perhaps, also, the old church yards at Marion Square. In the family cemetery at Harriton is a memorial to Maj. William Cochran, who died in Ohio. Is there any evidence that his body was brought to Harriton ? If any well-informed citizen will send the location of Revolutionary soldiers' graves in Lower Merion township to the Chapter Regent, such information will be thankfully received. Address, Mrs. J. M. Munyon, old Lancaster road, below City avenue, Philadelphia county, Pa. \* The Harrisburg Chapter met at the residence of Mrs. Francis Wyeth, December 13. Miss Margaret Rutherford read a paper on the old Paxtang Meeting House, and Mrs. Levi B. Alricks read a paper on La fayette. *** The Yorktown Chapter, York, held a meeting, December 11, at the residence of Miss Mary D. Croll. After the disposition of routine business, Miss Louise D. Black read a paper referring to the events transpiring in York during the Revolution, and suggesting the erection of a shaft in the square in commemoration of them. MARYLAND. *** The annual meeting of the Baltimore Chapter for the election of officers was commenced November 7, at 9 East Franklin street. The fol lowing officers were elected for the ensuing year : Mrs. Jervis Spencer, chapter regent ; Mrs. Edgar M. Lazarus, recording secretary ; Mrs. Neilson Poe, Jr., corresponding secretary ; Mrs. Nelson Perin, treasurer ; Miss M.A. Keenan, registrar; Miss Eleanor Washington Freeland, historian. Board of management, Mrs. J. Pembroke Thom, Miss Elizabeth Ward Hall, Mrs. Charles G. Nicholson, Mrs. B. F. Smith, Miss Maria D. Williams. The next meeting of the Chapter will be held on December 26, when some inter esting papers will be read and there will be an informal tea. *x* The Frederick Chapter celebrated " Repudiation Day ' ' — the anni versary of the repudiation of the British Stamp Act by the twelve judges of the Frederick county court — by paying the money recently collected by it, for a lot in Mt. Olive Cemetery, in which to inter the remains of Thomas Beatty, one of the " Stamp Act Judges." ILLINOIS. *#* The fourth congress of the regents of the eighteen State chapters met in Chicago, December 3. Mrs. Samuel H. Kerfoot, State regent, pre sided, and after prayer by Rev. Dr. Delafield delivered her annual address. 606 The American Historical Register. After reports were read, Mrs. Cornelia A. G. Lunt made a stirring address. In the afternoon, after a paper was read by Mrs. Emily H. Miller, addresses were made by Henry Boutelle, president of the Sons of the American Revolution, of Illinois, and other invited guests. On the follow ing day the Chapter regents met at the residence of Mrs. James H. Walker. Mrs. S. H. Kerfoot, State regent, read a letter from Capt. Phillip B. Read, U. S. Army, secretary of the Society of the Colonial Wars in Illinois, asking the Daughters to join other patriotic societies in forming a federation of clubs to see that the American flag is used only for its originally designed purpose. The regents, December 5, attended a reception given by Mrs. A. C. Bart lett, from three to six o'clock. *x* The Springfield Chapter met November 25, with the regent, Mrs. Charles V. Hickox. Miss Savillah Hinrichsen read a paper on " The Evacuation of New York by the British," and Mrs. Hickox read the first Thanksgiving proclamation of President George Washington. *.£* The Rockford Chapter held a meeting at the house of the regent, Mrs. Adaline Talcott Emerson. The annual election for officers occurs January 8. CONNECTICUT. *** The Anna Warner Bailey Chapter, of Groton and Stonington, was hospitably entertained, November 14, by Miss Harriet S. and Mrs. Nathan F. Dixon, at their home in Westerly, R. I. The regent, Mrs. Cuthbert H. Slocomb, of Groton, conducted the business meeting, after which a paper was read by Mrs. Courtland G. Pabcock, of Stonington, on " Col. Harry Babcock," an eminent citizen of Westerly and a distinguished officer in the Revolution. Mrs. Newcomb, of the Mary Clapp Wooster Chapter, of New Haven, then gave a paper on the " Patriotic Music of the Revolution." The paper was illustrated in a most pleasing manner by the rendering of several ancient songs by Mrs. Bradley and Miss Sande, of New Haven. *¥f At a meeting of the Mary Silliman Chapter, Bridgeport, held November 1 1 at the Historical Society rooms, Mrs. William E. Seeley, secretary, presided in the absence of both regent and vice-regent. It was announced that the next regular meeting would be on Lafayette day, and it is requested that each member having any reminiscence of the Marquis, or interesting incident, relate it, as opportunity may be given at that time. A communication from Mrs. Bulklcy, concerning a course of lectures by Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth, was read. It is proposed that two of the lectures be given in Bridgeport. Mrs. Coggswell, Miss Goodsell, Mrs. Burroughs, Mrs. Hill and Mrs. Curtis filled the literary parts of the day's programme. The Chapter observed " Lafayette day," December 9, by holding a meeting in the rooms of the Histortcal Society, and accepted a drawing of an emblem to be placed on Lafayette's monument in Paris. A paper on " Lafayette's Power Over the Indians " was read by Mrs. I. W. Birdseye. Celebrations and Proceedings. 607 *x* The Elizabeth Clarke Hull Chapter, Ansonia, met at the home of the regent, Mrs. Theodore P. Terry, November 20. A paper on "Wash ington in New Jersey " was read by Mrs. Clark, it being one of a series to be read in the Chapter this winter on the War of the Revolution. *x* The Annie Wood Elderkin Chapter, Willimantic, held its annual meeting at Mrs. Lorenzo Litchfield's residence, November 11. The follow ing officers were elected : Regent, Mrs. Lizzie F. Litchfield ; vice-regents, Mrs. Mary L. Smith, Mrs. Martha W. Chaffee ; treasurer, Mrs. Abbie S. Utley ; secretary, Mrs. S. Gertrude Bissell ; historian, Mrs. Alice H. Car penter ; registrar, Mrs. Annie P. Cooley. *x* The Katherine Gaylord Chapter, Bristol, met November 29. The programme in part was : Historical subject, "The Orators of the Revolu tion," treated as follows: Biographical sketches, Miss Root; recitations, selections from James Otis's answer to an English Lord's arguments for taxing colonists, 1765, Miss Mary Chilton Peck; Patrick Henry's speech in the Virginia Convention on the Freedom of the Colonies, 1775, Miss Ida Sessions ; Thomas Paine Urges Immediate Separation from Great Britain, 1776, Before Declaration; The Day of Freedom, 1776, After Declaration, Miss Anna Turtle ; Samuel Adams's Reply to His Majesty's Commissioners in America, 1778, After Burgoyne's Surrender, Miss Nellie Hubbell ; Original Paper on " The Study of Heraldry," Mrs. C. I. Allen. *£* The annual meeting of Esther Stanley Chapter, Hartford, was held at Mrs. F. N. Stanley's residence. The yearly reports of the Regent, Secretary, Treasurer and Historian were read and accepted. Mrs. J. A. Picket presented a report of the State Conference at Middletown. The officers were re-elected as follows : Regent, Mrs. F. N. Stanley ; vice- regent, Mrs. J. A. Picket ; secretary, Mrs. Charles E. Wetmore ; treasurer, Mrs. H. B. Boardman ; historian, Mrs. C. J. Parker. Miss Mary Whittlesey was elected registrar in place of Mrs. Brooks. Mrs. Stanley, the regent, presented to the Chapter a gavel made from wood from the Esther Stanley house. \* The Fanny Ledyard Chapter, Mystic, held a monthly meeting December 4 at the home of the regent, Mrs. E. M. N. Morgan. A petition to the State Legislature urging the purchase of lands adjoining Fort Griswold, by the State, was signed by nearly all the members. Last June the Chapter placed a very handsome granite tablet to mark the grave of Fanny Ledyard, th2 "Ministering Angel of Fort Griswold," at Southold, L. I. At the last annual meeting all the officers were re-elected, except that Mrs. Christopher Morgan was elected regent instead of Mrs. H. N. Wheeler, who resigned, and Mrs. C. Hill for chaplain in place of Mrs. Emily D. Noyes, resigned. ALABAMA. V* Mrs. John M. Wyly called a meeting of ladies on December 4, at her home in Montgomery, to organize a local chapter. 608 The American Historical Register. MASSACHUSETTS. *3.* The Paul Revere Chapter, Boston, held a meeting December 5', at the residence of Mrs. J. A. Remick. At the business meeting, presided over by the regent, Mrs. J. W. Cartwright, two new offices were created : vice-chapter regent and historian. After the business meeting Capt. Nathan Appleton made a brief but most interesting talk in memory of Lafayette. *Jj* The Submit Clark Chapter, Easthampton, held a public meeting at the residence of Mrs. George L. Munn, December 17, to arouse more interest in the Society. The chapter was organized a month ago, with only a few members. NEW YORK. *** At the quarterly meeting of the Oneida Chapter, held in the Georgia Porter Memorial Building, Utica, December 9, the attendance was was large, and delegates and alternates to the National Congress were chosen. The membership of the Chapter is upwards of 100. The Chapter was entertained, December 1 1 , at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Proctor. Dr. Asa Bird Gardiner, of New York, lectured on some of the remarkable instances of the interposition of divine Providence in the cause of American independence during the war of the Revolution. *.x.* The Tuscarora Chapter, Binghampton, met at the residence of Mrs. Kate Moss Ely, the regent, and was presented with its charter and by-laws. *s* The Buffalo Chapter met November 25, Mrs Mary N. Thompson, regent, in the chair. She made a short address concerning Evacuation Day. Miss Maria Love gave the last of the series of talks upon " Pubhc Schools." The next anniversary which will be observed by the Chapter will be " Pilgrims'Day," and many of its members are descendants from the Pilgrims. *#* The Onondaga Chapter, Syracuse, met November 25, at the resi dence of Mrs. Dennis McCarthy, and elected the following officers : President, Mrs. Dennis McCarthy ; registrar, Mrs. G. Andrew Bourse ; custodian, Mrs. Thomas Emory ; secretary, Mrs. C. H. Halcomb ; treas urer, Mrs. William Nottingham. \* The annual meeting of the Ondawa Chapter, Cambridge, was held at the home of Mrs. Willard Lawton, November 15. The officers elected for the coming year are : Regent, Mrs. B. P. Crocker ; vice-regent, Mrs. Mary N. Hubbard; recording secretary, Mrs. R. R. Law; corresponding secretary, Miss Mattie H. McFarland ; treasurer, Miss Mary McFarland ; registrar, Mrs. Mitchell McFarland ; historian, Mrs. F. H. T. Horsfield. *** The Regent and Committee of Safety of the Mahwenawasigh Chapter, Poughkeepsie, will present to the Legislature the coming session a bill asking for an appropriation for a monument to commemorate the ratification of the Federal Constitution by the State of New York. A circular says that the adoption of the Federal Constitution by the sixty dele- Celebrations and Proceedings. 609 gates elected from New York State for a discussion of that subject, and assembled at the Court House in Poughkeepsie in June, 1788, is worthy of commemoration, not only on its own account, but also because of the char acters of those making up the convention, among whom were Hamilton, Jay, and Livingston. *^* The Wiltwyck Chapter, Kingston, gave a series of tableaux in the second week in December, called an Historical Pageant, which illustrated the ancient history or Kingston, or Atkarkarton, as the Indians called the site of the city, and some sketches from its more recent annals. The pageant was under the management of Mrs. Charles E. Fitch and aids. *.£* The Quassaick Chapter, Newburgh, had " an afternoon of history at the home of Miss Emma J. Bradley, November 15. Mrs. Dr. Charles F. Allen read a paper on "A Pioneer of the Great West." Miss CM. Leonard read ' ' Stony Point for a Public Reservation." *#* The Otsego Chapter, Cooperstown, is devoting itself to the study of colonial history. A Parliamentary class has also been formed. As the mem bers live in a large district it has been deemed advisable to appoint vice- regents in Fort Plain and Onconta. *x* The Cincinnati Chapter met socially November 25, at the resi dence of Mrs. Mary P. Buchanan. Miss Matilda Perin, Mrs. Nellie Judkins and Mrs. Harmit Greve contributed to the literary entertainment. *s* The Western Reserve Chapter, Cleveland, held its November meeting at the Historical Society. Mrs. F. A. Kendall, regent, in the chair. A pleasant literary programme was contributed by Mrs. B. F. Taylor, Miss Neff, Mrs. P. H. Sawyer and Mrs. H. L. Morgan. On December 11 the Chapter again met, when Mr. James M. Richard son gave an address on " The Fire Lands," which was followed with a talk by Mrs. Lizzie Hyer Neff, setting forth the purposes for which the organiza tion was effected. The members then discussed various suggestions look ing towards the keeping up of patriotism in the Society. KENTUCKY. *3,* The Keturah Moss Taylor Chapter, Newport, met with Mrs. Richard Spaulding and elected the following officers for the coming year ¦ Miss Nannie Hodge, regent ; Mrs. Thomas Carouthers, vice-regent; Mrs. John Hodge, treasurer ; Miss Fannie Force, registrar ; Miss Anna Washing ton, secretary; Mrs. M. K. Jones, historian. *#* The Lexington Chapter met with Mrs. Belle M. Coleman, Decem ber 6, and mapped out an attractive winter's programme. The chapter realized $388. 77 from the Woman's Paper, which Mrs. Coleman and Mrs. T. H. Clay edited. This fund will be used for marking historic spots in Ken tucky. At this meeting Miss Laetitie Clay was elected regent and Mrs. M. C. Lyle, registrar. 610 The American Historical Register. NEW JERSEY. *s* At the annual meeting of the Nova Cassarea Chapter, Newark, held November 1 8, the following officers were elected : State regent, Mrs. William S. Stryker, Trenton ; regent of Nova Ca;sarea Chapter, Mrs. David A. Depue ; vice-regents, Mrs. Howard Richards, Elizabeth ; Mrs. Charles Borcherling, Newark ; Mrs. Alexander T. McGill, Jersey City ; Mrs. Cort landt Parker, Newark ; registrar, Mrs. Henry F. Starr, Newark ; historian, Miss Mary Clark, Belvidere ; treasurer, Mrs. A. F. R. Martin, Newark ; secretary, Miss L. Runyon, Newark. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. *#* The Continental Chapter met November 18. The regent, Mrs. Madison Ballinger, presided. An interesting paper on • ' The Women of the Revolution" was read by Mr. R. Grant Barnwell. Singing by the young ladies' chorus of the Daughters of the American Revolution, led by Miss Anna Yeatman, was a feature of the occasion. This chorus has recently been organized by Miss Ann Randolph Ball, and is composed of members of the Continental Chapter. A dialect poem, by Mrs. Lillian Rossell Messenger, and a paper on "Historic Deerfield," by Miss Susie Bryant, were other features of the programme. *#* The first regular monthly meeting, under the newly elected officers of the Dolly Madison Chapter, was held, December n, at the home of Miss Anna S. Mallett. After the transaction of business, the literary feature of the programme began with a reading by Mrs. Darwin, the historian of the Chapter, giving an interesting account of prominent incidents occurring in the month of December during the Revolution. Mrs. Draper read a paper which had been prepared by Miss Eugenia Washington to be read at the congress of the Daughters of the American Revolution at Atlanta. Among the guests was Mrs. Daniel Lothrop, who gave an entertaining talk about " Old Concord," and the great progress being made in the formation of the society, The Children of the American Revolution. The newly elected officers are: Mrs. Charles B. Bailey, regent; Mrs. J. Taber Johnson, vice- regent; Dr. Julia Cleves Harrison, recording secretary; Miss Grace L. Temple, corresponding secretary; Miss Mallett, registrar; Mrs. Darwin, historian ; Mrs. John Joy Edson, treasurer. *** The Columbia Chapter was entertained by Mrs. W. W. Martin> November 12. After the transaction of Chapter business, a debate followed. The question, •¦ Are we as Patriotic as our Revolutionary Sires?" was most ably discussed, Mrs. Hartsock and Miss Carrie Mildred Wilson taking the affirmative side, and Mrs. Anna S. Coleman, Mrs. Clinton Smith and Mrs. S. J. Broadus the negative. *#* The Mary Washington Chapter held its annual meeting November 21, and an adjourned meeting December 3. Miss Mary Pearre\ Mrs. Mitchell and Mrs. Goodloe were elected delegates to the next continental congress. Mrs. Mary Sanger Foote was elected treasurer to fill the vacancy made by the death of Mrs. Daniel S. Lamb, but, upon declination of Mrs. Foote, Mrs. Jennie D. Garrison was elected to the office. Celebrations and Proceedings. 6 1 1 VERMONT. *** The annual meeting of Green Mountain Chapter, Burlington, was held at the residence of Miss Roberts, November n. The following offi cers were elected for the ensuing year : Regent, Miss Mary Arthur ; treas urer, Miss Mary Roberts ; secretary, Miss Jennie A. Wood ; registrar, Mrs. Bennett Turk ; historian, Mrs. E. Henry Powell. VIRGINIA. \* The Great Bridge Chapter, Norfolk, met with the Advisory Board, November 25, to discuss a plan of the work to be carried on by the Chapter. After an address by the regent, Mrs. Hugh N. Page, Col. Lamb read a paper containing some practical suggestions for interesting the community in promoting a patriotic spirit. It was determined to celebrate the anni versary of the battle of Great Bridge, occurring on December 9, and com mittees were appointed to arrange entertainments in commemoration of the anniversary. The reception was largely attended and a very delightful evening was held. The rooms of the Chapter, in the residence of Mrs. Hugh N. Page, were handsomely decorated, and at the close of the exer cises refreshments were served. A feature of the evening was the reading, by Mr. Robert M. Hughes, of an interesting paper especially prepared for this occasion. *x* The Margaret Lynn Lewis Chapter, Roanoke, has given a series of entertainments to raise funds for the University of Virginia, which recently met with a great loss by fire. *#* The Blue Ridge Chapter, Lynchburg, met December 12, with Miss Elvira Henry Miller. *¥r* The Old Dominion Chapter, Richmond, elected the following officers, November 15 : Mrs. Barton Wise, regent; Miss Bell Perkins, vice- regent ; Mrs. B. L. Purcell, recording secretary ; Mrs. Decatur Axtell, cor responding secretary ; Mrs. Junius Morris, treasurer ; Miss Mary Mann Page Newton, historian ; Mrs. Theodore Whitfield, registrar. \* Abigail Adams Chapter, Des Moines, met with Mrs. George W. Ogilvie, November 21, when Mrs. Helen Peters was elected president; Mrs. Carrie Burbank, recording secretary; Mrs. Carrie M. Ogilvie, corre sponding secretary ; Mrs. Howard Howell, registrar; Mrs. C. H. Gaylord, treasurer; Mrs. C. S. Vose, chaplain; Mrs. W. H. Bailey, historian, and Mrs. C. B. Van Slyke and Miss Carrie Johnson, directors. *#.* The Clinton Chapter gave a colonial luncheon to its members at the home of Mrs. James Dwight Lamb, November 22. The guests were received by Mrs. Lamb, Mrs. Mahin, the regent of the Clinton Chapter, and Mrs. Cooley, of Dubuque, State regent of Iowa, the honored guest of this occasion. After luncheon a programme of music and literature was contributed by Miss Van Kuran, Miss Olney, Miss Allen and Miss Auston. The annual meeting of the Chapter, for election, will be on January 7. 612 The American Historical Register. RHODE ISLAND. *#.* The Pawtucket Chapter gave a reception in the old Starkweather mansion, November 20, in aid of the Women's College fund. MINNESOTA. \* The Nathan Hale Chapter, St. Paul, met and formally perfected its organization at the home of the regent, Mrs. Joseph E. McWiUiams, November 30. The occasion drew together not only members of the new chapter, but also a number of their friends and members of the already existing St. Paul Chapter, the State regent, Mrs. R. M. Newport, and Min nesota's vice-president general in the national organization, Mrs. J. Q. Adams. The formal programme was full of interest. Mrs. McWilliams gave an explanation of the reason for the choice of November 30 as the day from which to date the organization of the " Nathan Hale " Chapter. The Declaration of Independence was read by Miss Andrews, and Mrs. Wer- rick read the poem, "Nathan Hale." Mrs. J. Q. Adams read an interest ing paper on the objects of the Society. Mrs. R. M. Newport, the State regent, gave a practical talk on the work of the Society. *4i.* The Colonial Chapter, Minneapolis, enjoyed the hospitality of Mrs. F. B. Semple, November 22. " The American Emblem — the Eagle" — was the title of a paper read by Mrs. C. H. Hunter. GEORGIA. *#,* The Chicago Record says : The ladies of the Georgia Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution want the Illinois building as a permanent home and museum, and it would be a gallant and appropriate act if the legislature would pass a joint resolution donating it to them. The Daughters of the American Revolution in Georgia have already many historic relics, portraits, pictures, etc., sufficient to form a nucleus for a museum. They have been exhibited in the State House and other public buildings and ought to have a per manent home. *x* The Atlanta Chapter entertained the Governor of Massachusetts, ladies and staff with a reception at the home of Mrs. William Dickson, November 15. The Governors of Pennsylvania and Rhode Island and the Governor-elect of Kentucky were present. It was a brilliant assemblage of distinguished men and women, and altogether was one of the handsomest receptions that has been given during the exposition season. TENNESSEE. *#* The Bonny Kate Chapter, Knoxville, held its first meeting Novem ber 27, at the home of the regent, Miss Mary Temple. The feature of the meeting was the presentation and adoption of the coming year's historical programme by Mrs. H. G. Bayless. A Committee to draw up by-laws was appointed, composed of Mesdames Charles Perkins, Joshua Caldwell and John Allen. A paper was read by Miss Cinnie Boyd on the National Congress at Atlanta and the manner the 300 women delegates were enter tained in the Gate City. The next feature of the meeting was a series of Celebrations and Proceedings. 6 1 3 eight questions asked by different members on the Constitution of the United States. The answers to these queries involved the ladies in some very lively discussions. WASHINGTON. \* The Rainier Chapter, Seattle, will take up, by permission of the Superintendent, a penny subscription in the public schools, on January 8, for the benefit of the fund being collected to raise a monument to F. S. Key, the author of the " Star Spangled Banner." WISCONSIN. *£* The Milwaukee Chapter is contemplating having a loan exhibit of colonial antiquities, and is receiving much encouragement in the scheme. The Chapter held its monthly meeting at the Athenaeum, December 26. A paper was read by Miss Olive Merrill on ' ' Homes and Social Customs of New England in Colonial Times." DELAWARE. *** The Caesar Rodney Chapter, Wilmington, met at the home of the regent, Miss Sophie Waples, December 7. The following officers were elected : Secretary, Mrs. Caroline Cloak Denison ; treasurer, Miss Ella Turner; registrar, Mrs. Elizabeth Washington Cardesa ; historian, Mrs. Katenne E. Arndt Graff. An address was made by the State regent, Mrs. Elizabeth Clarke Churchman, and papers of Revolutionary interest were read by members of the Chapter. The Society Daughters of the Holland Dames. — A society was incorporated, December 9, by several prominent ladies of New York City, to be known as the Daughters of the Holland Dames of New York. The object of the Society will be to perpetuate the memory and promote the principles and virtues of the Dutch ancestors of its members, to collect documents, genealogical and historical, relative to the Dutch in America, and to erect a substantial memorial as a lasting tribute to the early Dutch settlers. The membership will be composed of ladies who are descendants of the early Dutch families who were prominent in the history of New York prior to the year 1685. The managers for the coming year are : Mrs. Alex. Crawford Chenoweth, Mrs. William Budd, Mrs. William Gihon and Miss Mary Van Buren Vanderpoel. Evacuation Day was generally observed in New York City. Gen. Ferdinand P. Earle, of the Society of Colonial Wars, etc. , celebrated the day at his home, Earle Cliff, formerly the Jumel Mansion, at St. Nicholas avenue and One-hundred-and-sixty-first street, by raising the American flag and firing a salute of thirteen guns at sunrise. The guns were two old 1 2-pounder field pieces that are said to be relics of the Revolutionary War. The General was assisted by his three sons. The salute was fired from the spot where, on November 25, 1783, a salute was fired by order of Gen. Washington to mark the evacuation of the city by the British troops. The Society of the War of 1812 superintended the raising of the flag in Battery Park by Christopher R. Forbes, a great-grandson of Mr. Van Arsdale, who 6 14 The American Historical Register. first hoisted the United States flag on the pole as the British sailed out ot the harbor. Presentations of Washington's portrait was made on the day to public schools by the Society Sons of the American Revolution. The United Empire Loyalist Association of Canada. — The officers for the present year are as follows : Honorary president, Sir Wil liam Johnson, Bart. ; president, Judge Wiirtele ; first vice-president, Sir Henri Joly de Lotbiniere ; second vice-president, William Douw Lighthall, F. R. S. L. ; treasurer, George Durnford ; secretary, Dr. F. A. L. Lockhart, Chateau de Ramezay, Montreal; archivist, Rev. J. B. Pyke, M.A. The beginning of the archives and library are kept in the Chateau de Ramezay Museum at Montreal. Any inquiries would be received in a friendly manner. In a review of M. Bourget's "Outre-Mer," in the Paris edition of the New York Herald of November 15, we note with satisfaction the follow ing appropriate observations by Gen. Meredith Read, ex-United States Minister to Greece, and now a resident of Paris, on the value of the various patriotic-hereditary societies in the United States, which The Historical Register represents. In America there are many hereditary societies, agglomerations of culture, intel lect and breeding. The mere fact that one is a member of any such gathering is a proof of his worth, for he can only be admitted upon the production of irreputable documen tary evidence of his lineal descent from one who has played a distinguished role in our War of Independence or in American colonial affairs. Take the Society of the Cincinnati, founded by Gen. Washington in 1793. Its object was the perpetuation of friendships that grew up during the Revolutionary War. Its colors were intended to keep green the recollection of the aid lent by the French to us at that period. And there are many such societies. Now, these hereditary societies are going to be of incalculable value to our country. They have an educational value. They hold up for public emulation the great men of America, the great deeds they did and the noble lives they led. I stand as the advance guard of a number of these societies. The spirit they inculcate runs all over the country from Boston to New Orleans, from Philadelphia to the Pacific. They are going to be an element of vast power. Individuality is a great thing, but the society of a country must have cohesion. And this cohesion is only developed by the things that tend to draw closer the bonds that knit society together. This network of associations all over the country will have an immense influence on public, moral and political life. We need a higher tone ; we stand in need of more elevation of sentiment, of less respect for " the almighty dollar." We must have more culture and higher thought. NOTES, QUERIES AND REPLIES. James Edwards. — Information is wanted regarding the military record of James Edwards, who served under Gen. Braddock, and was severely wounded in battle, it is supposed, at Fort Duquesne. He also served through the Revolutionary War. It is believed that he lived in Pennsyl vania at the time he first entered the army. Paterson, N. J. William Nelson. Is there in existence anywhere a list of the names of the eighty-three men who were with Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, at the capture of Fort Ticonderoga, during the War of the Revolution ? Chicago. Horatio L. Wait. Moore, or More. — Who was the wife of Joseph Moore, or More, Sr. (son of Rev. John Moore and Margaret Howells, of Southampton, L. I.), whom he married before 1698, and whom he mentions as "wife Sarah " in his will, proved May 30, 1726; also, what was the surname of the " wife Helena" of Joseph Moore, Jr., whose will was probated at Hopewell, N. J., November 26, 1757? Were these two Josephs father and son? What were the names of the children of these two families? Utica, N. Y. Mrs. John F. Maynard. The Revolution of '76. — In the November issue of The Register I find some queries by Judge Hoar. ' ' The Revolution of ' 76' ' should be read in connection with the two papers on " The Old French War, " which preceded it. These papers are not history, but a historic review, and their purpose was to give the continuity and march of events, their causes and their results. They were under no obligations to give statistics. My guides in the last paper are Mr. John Fiske's American Revolution, and a charming narration of the English raid, by Mr. Edwin G. Barrett, in ' ' the Spirit of '76." The affair at Lexington was the first wanton act of war by the English army, and Pitcairn's volley left sixteen minute men killed and wounded on the ground. Parker's minute men delivered a scattering fire and retired. The English raid was April 19, 1775, the occupation of Bunker Hill, and the fight June 17, 1775, about two months after. I can not accuse myself of carelessness. Authorities are Parkman, Perkins, France, Carlyle, Frederick, Holland's "Middle Ages," Petit Hist, des Peuples Francais, Green's "England," Alice Stafford Green's "Henry II.," etc. Washington, D. C. F. A. Roe. Brown. — In Vol. II of "The Manuscripts of the Rhode Island His torical Society" are several papers relating to Capt. Thomas Cheney's com pany, raised in Massachusetts for the expedition against Canada. The paper numbered 364 is entitled : " A State of the Pay of the Non-Com mission Officers & Private Men of Cap* Thomas Cheney's Company in the 616 The American Historical Register. Regiment of Foot of wch the Honb,e Brigr Genl Dwight is Colonel, raised in the Province of the Massachusetts Bay for His Majesty's Service for an Expedition against Canada in 1746 & dismissed from said service 31 Octor 1747," which precedes a list of the names of the soldiers, the number of days' service and each man's full pay. The names are as follows : George Watkins, Sam1 Scott, Andrew Stephens, William Chub, Sergeants ; Nath Williams, Samuel Loomis, Aaron Ashley, Philip Bacon, Corporals ; George Harris, Cotton Fletcher, Drumrs; John Allen, Joseph Altenson, Samuel Bryan, Nicholas Brown, William Bancroft, Jonathan Ballard, Nathaniel Bacon, Abraham Bass, David Bishop, John Church, Isaac Corbin, Jonathan Church, Jabez Corbin, Stephen Coller, Stephen Corbin, Eliphalet Carpenter, Abel Drake, Samuel Dewey, Samuel Davison, Nathan Davis, Benjn Dike, Josiah Davis, William Edmonds, Azariah Ferry, John Frank lin, Joshua Cary, Ebenezer Gale, Jonathan Gleason, Ebenezer Holden, William Hodges, Armour Hamilton, Simeon Hitchcock, William Halley, Thomas Higgins, Joseph Hall, Elisha Hatch, Samuel Hains, Benajah Hall, John Hallowell, Benjamin Harris, Benjamin Howes, Benjamin Hide, Nathan1 Harrington, Samuel Jackson, Daniel Jackson, Ebenezer Jaques, Robert Keyes, William Loomis, Aaron Loomis, John Lafelen, John Mc- Daniel, John McLain, Peter Marshall, James Maceright, William Man, Wil liam Mullin, William Negro, Cuffe Negro, Samuel Negro, Jonathan Olds, John Perkins, Christopher Perkinson, Gideon Pratt, Samuel Pegan, John Polley, John Rolfe, Paul Rich, Ephraim Rice, John Richardson, Benja Robertson, Elisha Spencer, Benoni Sacket, Ephraim Stiles, Ephraim Smith, Joseph Sweatman, Samuel Stevens, Benja Sacket, Thomas Stevens, Junr., Ebenezer Sayward, John Stacey, Steven Stringer, Benj1 Scott, John Turner, Elijah Town, John Vene, Thomas Webster, Samuel Warfield, William Wakefield, John Woodberry, Joseph Wait. Can anyone inform me who is the Nicholas Brown in the above list ? The name is the same as that of my paternal great-grandfather, born in Providence in 1729. He lived there all his life, and I can find no mention of his military service ; but think it possible that in view of the great interest felt throughout the colonies in the war against the French, he may have joined a Massachu setts company. I shall be very grateful to anyone who can offer me any suggestions, or aid me in establishing the identity of this Nicholas Brown. John Nicholas Brown. Providence, R. I., December 5, 1895. Beall — Adams — Howard — Downing. — Wanted the lineage of the Beall family, of whom three brothers emigrated from Scotland to Maryland in the early colonial days ; and of Ann Aldridge who married Robert L. Beall, in Frederick, Md., in 1787. Also, wanted the ancestry of Casper and George Adams, brothers, who lived in or near Hagerstown, Md. George emigrated to Kentucky the latter part of the eighteenth century, probably about 1790. His nephew, Peter Adams, came to Kentucky in the early part of the present century. And to know ancestry of the wife of George Adams, who was Maiy Magdalene Howard, of a prominent Maryland family. Notes, Queries and Replies. 617 Also, wanted the ancestry of William, John, Dr. Richard, Frank, Samuel, Mollie and Susie Downing, who emigrated from Harford county, Md., to Kentucky in 1790. Their father was from Yorkshire, England. Georgetown, Scott county, Ky. Miss S. A. Beall. A Card. — In reply to the statement published in your columns in the form of a letter from Miss Lillian Haymaker Evans, of Columbia, Pa., in which she claims priority of membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution over me, permit me to state the following : Having formed the first Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Pennsyl vania, I wrote Miss Ball, the then official clerk in the office of the National Society at Washington, to examine the records in her keeping, and report to me what my position was as to membership from Pennsylvania. She replied as follows : September 16, 1892. Will copy your application, but cannot get Miss Washington's signature until she returns to the city in about two weeks. Will then also deliver your other message. You are the frst member from Pennsylvania. Very truly, 1505 Pennsylvania Avenue. M. R. Ball. The method pursued by the compilers of the Directory upon which numbering Miss Evans bases her claim, I am unable to state. Miss Ball certainly had every opportunity to make a correct report to me, and, believ ing she did not intentionally do otherwise, I await her explanation. The true state of the case can be easily determined from date of application. I am, sir, very truly yours, Mrs. Katharine Searle McCartney, Regent Wyoming Valley Chapter, D. A. R. Wilkesbarre, Pa., October 25, 1895. Watts. — Information is desired concerning ancestry of Gen. Fred erick Watts, who came to this country from Ireland about 1760, although he is supposed to have been a Welshman. Served during Revolution and was commissioned brigadier-general Pennsylvania militia May 29, 1782. He married Jean Murray and died October 3, 1795, aged about seventy-six years. Mechanicsburg, Pa. Mrs. George S. Comstock. "The United States of America." — These words form the name of a union, not of a confederacy , hence to use it, the single name, in conjunc tion with a verb in the plural is wrong. One should not say " The United States of America are a great nation ;" but, " The United States of America is a great nation." English writers, either through ignorance or contempt, sometimes affect the first form. No patriotic American would use any but the last. For one or the other of the above reasons our British cousins often talk about "the States," thus conveying the idea of disjointed plurality. As this is false and derogatory to America, all self-respecting Americans will be careful never to use the term when speaking of their nation ; but, 618 The American Historical Register. on the contrary, will invariably call it " The United States," or, simply "America," both of which are parts of our country's full name, which is, " The United States of America," and therefore it is that its citizens are Americans, in addition to being Americans in consequence of having been born within the bounds of the Americas, this latter being the term in its widest sense, while the former is its most restricted and particular. Let us have no more placing of a plural verb after The United States of America, or further nonsense about its citizens not being Americans, for such they are three times over ; first, from being within the bounds of the Americas ; secondly, as within those of North America ; and thirdly, in a particular and exclusive way, by being the citizens of The United States of America. An American. Parker — Turner. — Can anyone tell me anything in regard to John Parker and his wife, who lived at the corner of Chatham and Broadway, New York City ? They were related to the Livingston family. After the death of John Parker his widow married Mr. John McCartney. Informa tion desired also in regard to the descendants of John Turner, of the Mayflower. Louisville, Ky. Henry J. Lewis. Lincoln — Randall — Palmer. — Would like the address of the family historian or anyone having genealogical information of the above families of New England. Brooklyn, N. Y. H. G. Story, 21 Herkimer street. de Forest. — The article on the Founder of New York and the de Forest family mentioned in the article leads me to believe that one of that family settled in the island of St. Croix, Danish West Indies, quite early in the history of that island. The de Forest sugar plantations were valuable, and one especially, " Mt. Victory,' ' made a deep impression upon me when quite a child. My father rented the manor as a country residence and we lived there for some time. I mention this de Forest incident, as there seems to be some little doubt as to the place where the de Forests settled, whether on the Hudson or in the West Indies. New York. Mary F. Foster. Jones — Roberts. — Wanted copy of record of marriage of John, son of Evan Jones, and Sidney, daughter of Phineas Roberts, which took place 1779 or 1 780. Also any information of Hugh Jones, of Cumru township, Berks county, died in 1734. 426 Drexel Building, Philadelphia. Wm. Mac Lean, Jr. Sprague. — In Heitmans' " Historical Register of Officers of the Con tinental Army" appears the name of John Spiague (Mass.), surgeon's mate 1 8th Continental Infantry, January 1 to December 31, 1776. I am anxious to ascertain the pedigree and descendants of said John Sprague. I have the following names, but have no knowledge as to whether either one is identical with the officer named by Heitman. John Sprague, born at Cambridge, June 2, 17 18, married Elizabeth Delbrude and died at Dedham, Notes, Queries and Replies. 619 1797. He was a graduate of Harvard and an M. D. John Sprague (son of above), born at Boston, June 2, 1752, married Rebecca Chambers, and died at Dedham, April 17, 1800; also a graduate of Harvard and an M. D. Fort Wadsworth, S. I. H. W. Hubbell, Capt. ist Artillery. de la Maitre. — I would be very grateful for any information con cerning the family of Hester de la Maitre, who married Simon Van Ness in New York in 1 700. Was she the daughter of Jans or Isaac de la Maitre ? 821 Lombard street, San Francisco, Cal. I. J. M. Deming — Sheaffe. — What was the ancestry of Mary Sheaffe, who married, July 24, 1645, in Weathersfield, Conn., Thomas Deming? She died August 21, 1706. What was Thomas Deming' s ancestry, and what were the names of his children ? Utica, N. Y. Mrs. John Frederick Maynard. Warren. — Was Richard Warren, of the Mayflower, a. son of Richard Warren, of Stanton, Glouc, whose pedigree and arms are printed in " The Visitations of Gloucestershire," 1623 (Harleian Society Publications) ? And was said Richard Warren, of Stanton, the " Richard Warren of Stainton falcely usurped Armes which were defaced and he disclaymed " to be no gentleman, or "Neither gentilman of Bloud anncestry nor Armes," "at Teuxburey the 15 of August 1623"? See p. 197, " Gloucestershire Visi tations," Har. Soc. Pub. K. C. B. Plot Against Washington. — At a meeting of the Columbia Histori cal Society, Washington, November 14, the following interesting and hitherto unpublished letter of Washington's was read : Valley Forge, Feb. 28, 1778. — Dear Sir : This instant returning from the com mittee and finding the post here, you must put up with a line or two in acknowledg ment of your favor of the i6thinst., from New York, instead of a long letter, which it was my intention to have written you. I thank you sincerely for the part you acted at York respecting C y, and be lieve with you that matters have and will turn out very different to what that party expected. G s has involved himself in his letters to me in the most absurd contra dictions. M has brought himself into a scrape that he does not know how to get out of with a gentlemen of this State, and C , as you know, is sent upon an expedi tion which all the world knew, and the event has proved, was not practicable. In a word, I have a good deal of reason to believe that the machination of this junta will recoil upon their own heads, and be a means of bringing some matter to light which, by getting me out of the way, some of them thought to conceal. Remember me in the most affectionate terms to all my old friends and acquaintances in Alexandria, and be assured that, with unfeigned regard, I am, sir, your affectionate friend, GEORGE WASHINGTON. The blanks in the above letter are to be filled as follows : G s, Gates ; C y, Conway ; M , Mifflin. This valuable contribution to history was exhibited by Dr. James Dudley Morgan, to whose greatuncle by marriage, Col. John Fitzgerald, of Alexandria, a member of Washington's staff, the letter was addressed. BOOK NEWS. Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. published at Christmas a remarkably fine art work entitled " Annals of Westminster Abbey," by E. T. Bradley (Mrs. Murray Smith), with an introduction by her father, Dean Bradley. The book, which has been in preparation for several years, contains nearly two hundred illustrations by W. Hatherell, R. I., and H. M, Paget. The head and tail pieces, representing interesting spots in the old abbey, and the initial letters and emblematic cover, have been specially designed by prominent artists. The text has been set in new type and the initials are printed in red and black. The work contains an etching by Francis Walker, A. R. P. E. This sumptuous volume gives the romance and life of the abbey, and does not deal with architectural details. At the present time a good cyclopaedia seems to be a necessary of life, one of those adjuncts of a well-regulated household that can not be dispensed with if its members are to mingle in intelligent society and not appear ignorant or foolish. The newest claimant for public favor and everyday usefulness is Johnson's Universal Clycopasdia, of which the eighth and concluding volume has just been issued by D. Appleton & Co., of New York. Mr. Child has etched a series of pictures of the olden times of Fair- field, Conn. , and brought them out in book form.* Originally his subject matter was a series of twelve lectures delivered by him before the Eunice Dennir Burr Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution of Fairfield. He tells in a charming manner of the Puritans, the Pilgrims, the train bands, witchcraft and witches, and the burning of Fairfield by the British, the social atmosphere and domestic affairs of the town of colonial and Revolutionary times. The book is handsomely printed and illustrated with a score of photogravures. Miss Dorothy Lamon contributes the latest book | to the ever grow ing library of Lincolnania, compiled from the letters, MS. and anecdotal reminiscences of her father, Ward Hill Lamon, an early and intimate friend of President Lincoln, and United States Marshal of District of Columbia during Mr. Lincoln's Administration. The book is one of the brightest and chatty sketches of Mr. Lincoln's life and contains much that is not found in any other biography of him. • " An Old New England Town, Sketches of Life, Scenery, Character." By Frank Samuel Child. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Price $2.00. J Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 1847-1865. By Ward Hill Lamon, edited by Dorothy Lamon. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago. Price $1.50. Insignia of tfje Socictg of Daughters of tlje Keoolntion. American Historical Register FEBRUARY, 1896. LAFAYETTE'S VISIT TO THE UNITED STATES IN 1824-25.* {Continued from page 544.) Oct. 5, General Lafayette arrived at Chester at eleven o'clock 1824. at night, and was escorted by troops from the boat landing through the town, which was brilliantly illuminated. The 1st City Troop went by land to Chester. It assembled at three P. M., October 5, at Vaux Hall, and arrived at Chester at sundown, and took quarters at Mrs. Mary Engles' National Hotel. Upon the arrival of the boat the Troop paraded with Major Wilson's battalion, and escorted the General to the Ladomus House, where the wound in his foot, which he received at Brandywine, was dressed. The General was received with the usual honors. Dr. Samuel Anderson delivered the address of welcome to the town, and then the General was taken at one o'clock in the morning to the old Court House to partake of a banquet, prepared by the Chester ladies, over which Colonel Anderson presided, and listened to the customary thirteen toasts. After this function he retired for a brief sleep at the home of Colonel Anderson. In the parade General Evans commanded the militia and George C. Leiper the civic part. The General arose early, and, after breakfasting with Colonel Anderson's family, set out at seven o'clock for Wilmington, accompanied by an escort of the local militia and the 1st City Troop, which continued with him to the Delaware State line and then left him. Previous to the Troop's parting with the General, an address, written by David Paul Brown, was handed to the General, on behalf of the Troop, by Lieutenant Anthony Simmons. The Troop then escorted Governor Shulze back to Chester. * From information supplied by members of the Patriotic-Hereditary Societies of the United States. This illustrated account of the tour of the Nation's Guest was begun in our issue of July, 1895. 622 The American Historical Register. A civic escort, consisting of about 200 young men, dressed in black coats, black stocks and white pantaloons, hand somely mounted, and exhibiting the Revolutionary cockade and La fayette badge, pa raded between six and seven o'clock in Wilmington, Del., and, pre ceded by a hand some troop of Cavalry com manded by Cap tain Moore, re paired to the line ol the State, ot Delaware. A fine band of music followed in their train. At about eight o'clock the Committee of Arrange ments left Wilmington to proceed to the same point, attended by a train of carriages, for the reception of the General and his suite. At the State line the cavalcade was joined by a very large assemblage of citizens from the upper part of the State, on horseback, in like manner equipped with the Revolutionary cockade and Lafayette badge, and carrying branches of ever green. The cavalcade formed on the road — Captain Moore's troop of Cavalry on the right, and the civic guard extending in a long line to the left. About ten o'clock notice was received ot the approach of the General, who soon after appeared, preceded by the 1st Philadelphia Troop of Cavalry, a corps of Light Artil lery, and attended by His Excellency the Governor of Pennsyl vania, the secretary of that State, Moulton C. Rogers, Esq. ; the governor's aid, General Simon Bernard, a large suite of officers, the Philadelphia Committee of Arrangements, two or three DAVID PAUL BROWN. COLONEL JOSEPH ANDERSON. 624 Ihe American Historical Register. LOUIb MCLANE. Louis McLane, Esq., Arrangements, w e 1 - corned the General upon his arrival in the State of Delaware, in an address, and was replied to in a speech | replete with feeling al- 'i lusions to the part ta ken by the State in the Revolutionary War, and to the heroism of the gallant regiment of Delaware, of whose soldierly conduct the General said he had often been an eyewit ness. A great number of citizens, who all eagerly sought a glance companies of Foot, and a great concourse of people. The Pennsylvania troops proceeded along the Dela ware line and formed on the extreme left. The venerable and illustrious guest of the nation was saluted by the band and received by the Delaware committee on the road, and was, in a very graceful and dignified manner, commit ted to their hospitality by the Governor of Pennsyl vania, who then took leave of General Lafayette in a feeling and affectionate address. the chairman of the Committee of Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824—25. 625 of his eye or a shake of his hand, were then introduced to the General, who recognized among those around him Majors Peter Jaquett, Caleb P. Bennett and Captain Allen McLane, aged eighty years, who, dressed in his Continental uniform, was on his horse — and other distinguished Revolutionary officers of the Delaware regiment. The General was then conducted by the committee to the carriage prepared for him, drawn by four white horses, and the procession moved towards Wilmington. Captain CAPTAIN CALEB PREW BENNETT. Moore's troop lead the procession, the band followed; next came the Committee of Arrangements, in carriages ; General Lafayette, in an open barouche, accompanied by Louis McLane, Esq. ; Revolutionary officers in another barouche, followed by a train of carriages, all escorted by the civic guard from Wilming ton ; the guard composed of mounted citizens from Upper Dela ware, brought up the rear. The procession moved with great 626 The American Historical Register. order towards Wilmington. It passed under a handsome arch erected on Naaman's creek bridge, decorated with evergreens and exhibiting a likeness of Washington, and with the motto in scribed : " Delaware Welcomes Lafayette." Upon its appearance within view of the borough, on the brow of Shellpot Hill, about two miles from Wilmington, the citizens were apprized of its ap proach by a salute of thirteen guns. At Prospect Hill, a quarter MAJOR PETER JAQUETT. of a mile from the borough, the procession was joined by up wards of one hundred Free Masons, preceded by the grand mas ter of the State, J. G. Brinckle, Esq., and attended by the officers of the different lodges. The crowd was immense. Aged men were seen, tottering under the weight of years, crowding around the carriage of Lafayette, and seeking a grasp of the hand whose COLONEL SAMUEL B. DAVIS, U. S. ARMY. 628 The American Historical Register. / i PQk \ ||j mE^^^^L. \ -^ / CAPTAIN ALLEN MCLANE. first blow had been struck for American liberty near the spot where he now stood. The flourishing village of Brandywine exhibited itself in its fairest colors. " The procession halting opposite to the residence of the late Joseph Tatnall, which had been the residence of Lafayette while he was stationed in this place during the Revolutionary War, he saluted the son of that gentleman, who was standing in his door with his family, invited him to approach and addressed him in the most grateful and affectionate terms." The bridge on the Brandywine was beauti fully ornamented by the ladies, with evergreens and flowers arrayed in festoons. Crossing the bridge, the procession moved down Market street to Hanover, and through the different streets appointed by the Committee of Arrangement, until it returned through Front to Market, along which it proceeded to the Town Hall. At the intersection of Market and Queen streets, the CAPTAIN HENRY GEDDES, U. S. NAVY. 630 The American Historical Register. 1 % 4 A READ MANSION, NEW CASTLE, DEL. General alighted and walked through a line formed by his Ma sonic brethren, who paid him the highest honors of the craft. At the Town Hall, the civil authorities of the borough and a multitude of citizens and strangers were introduced to him. "I.ONV1ERS," THE RESIDENCE OE VICTOR MARIE DU PONT, NEW CASTLE, DEL. VICTOR MARIE DU PONT. 1767-1827. From portrait owned by Mrs. Charles I. Du Pont. 632 The American Historical Register. Among the prominent men who came to greet him were Colonel Davis, U. S. Army, and Captain Geddes, U. S. Navy. An address was presented to him, on the part of his Masonic brethren, by Mr. Brinckle. As the General was passing down Market street he recognized Mrs. Connell, daughter of Rev. Dr. Read, at a window, and as soon as he could get away from the crowd he went to call upon her, as he had known her in Paris. Between three and four o'clock the General sat down to a very elegant collation, prepared in the long room at the Town Hall. About one hundred persons were at the table. After the cloth was removed numerous patriotic toasts were drank, which RESIDENCE OF NICHOLAS VAN DYKE, NEW CASTLE, DEL. MRS. VICTOR MARIE DU PONT. 1770-1837. (DAUGHTER OF THE MARQUIS DE PELLPORT.) From portrait owned by Mrs. Willard Salisbury, Jr. 634 77?^ American Historical Register. GENERAL S. SMITH. were acompanied by appro priate airs from a band sta tioned in the room. At five o'clock Lafay ette left the banquet, and again taking his seat in his carriage, attended by Cap tain Moore's Troop and a civic escort, proceeded to New Castle and went di rectly to the residence of Victor Marie Du Pont, Esq., with whom he went to the residence of Nicho las Van Dyke, United States Senator from Delaware, and there witnessed the marriage of Mr. Van Dyke's daughter, Dorcas Montgomery Van Dyke* to Charles Irenee Du Pont, son of Mr. Victor Marie Du Pont. The wedding was the greatest social event the old town of New Castle ever experienced. Upon this occasion Senator Van Dyke allowed the door and windows to remain open so that the crowd about the mansion could see General Lafayette and also the wedding ceremony. The chair occupied by Lafayette was slightly elevated over all others in the room and festooned with flowers. After the ceremony Lafayette, of course, kissed the bride. Rev. Dr. Prestman performed the marriage ceremony. After the wedding the General took supper with Mrs. George Read, widow of the Signer, and again set out with his escort, and the night was far advanced when he reached French- town where the Maryland authorities greeted him. The steamboat United States, Captain Tripp, left Baltimore on Wednesday, October 6, to receive General Lafayette at Frenchtown. She was furnished in the most splendid manner, and among her passengers was the committee from the corpor ation, John B. Morris, chairman, and Colonels Lloyd and Dick inson, aids to the Governor. The military committee consisted *This lady died in 1838, and in 1841 Mr. Du Pont married 2d, Ann, daugh ter of Henry M. Ridgeley, of Dover, Del., United States Senator. Communicated by Mrs. Charles I. Du Pont, Wilmington, Del., and Mrs. Willard Saulsbury, Jr. CHARLES IRENEE DU PONT. 1797-1869. From portrait owned by Miss Mary Van Dyke Die Pont. 636 The American Historical Register. of Major-General Harper and suite, and Colonels Steuart, Robin son, Sheppard, Miltenberger, Heath, Edes, Leakin and Stiles, and Lieutenant-Colonel Barry and Major Hoffman. General Smith and Colonel Paul Bentalou, of Pulaski's Legion, attended to represent the Society of the Cincinnati, and a few invited gen tlemen were present, among them Mr. Du Bois Martin, aged eighty-three, who provided and commanded the vessel in which Lafayette escaped from Bordeaux to America. The party dined en route in great glee and drank many toasts. When the boat arrived at Frenchtown, the Governor's aids, accompanied by a squadron of Cavalry, proceeded to meet the General at the Dela ware-Maryland line. Upon the General's arrival at the State line, after one Oct. 7. o'clock in the morning, he was presented by Louis McLane, Esq., chairman of the Delaware Committee, to the aids of the Governor of Maryland. The first aid announced the General in very appropriate and warm terms, in behalf of Governor Stevens, a cordial welcome to the State of Maryland, and informed him that they were ready to escort him to head quarters which were established at Fort McHenry. The General was then seated in the carriage drawn by four grays, and arrived at Frenchtown a little after two o'clock, to which place the Del aware Committee accompanied him. Mr. McLane there, on parting, made a most feeling address, in behalf of himself and associates, and took an affectionate leave. The aids of the Gov ernor of Maryland then conducted the General on board the steamboat, where the deputations received him formally upon the deck. Speeches were made by Mr. Morris and General Harper. General Smith and Colonel Bentalou stepped forward and announced to him the object of their mission, and the joy felt in meeting him again. The General embraced them in the warm est and most affectionate manner, and inquired particularly after his old friends and associates " in times that tried men's souls." The meeting of the General with the amiable, retiring, and ven erable Mr. Du Bois Martin, was of a most touching character — they held each other by the hand and conversed together in French for a considerable time. After the introductions were gone through, Captain Tripp announced that he had an enter- MRS. CHARLES IRENEE DU PONT. 1806-1838. From portrait oivne I by Miss Mary I 'an Dyke Du Pont. 638 The American Historical Register. tainment ready for the company. They all followed the General to the cabin, and a little after three o'clock in the morning the General repaired to the ladies' cabin, prepared for his lodging room, and invited Mr. John Quincy Adams, who had joined the party at Frenchtown,* to accompany him. During the night, particularly the early part of it, the rain poured down in torrents, in which the Cavalry and the Governor's aids were drenched. Just as the steamboat entered the Patapsco, the threatening clouds dispersed, the sun shone forth in its brightest effulgence, and seemed to bid " Welcome to Lafayette." On approaching Fort McHenry the steamboats Mary land, Virginia, Philadelphia and Eagle, all beautifully dressed with flags, came down the river full of anxious citizens, to meet the United States, and passed around her. The people on board waved their hats and gave oft-repeated cheering. The five boats in line, the United States leading, proceeded to the fort, * From the published diary of Mr. Adams (Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, vol VI), we learn that on Sunday, October 3 (see ante p' 539), Mr. Adams occupied by invitation, a seat in the pew of Mr. C. J. Ingersoll at Christ Church. He states that Bishop White upon this occasion preached a communion -day sermon, and made no adaptation of any part of the service to the occasion of Gen. Lafayette's presence. After this church service Mr. Adams went with Richard Peters, Jr. , and Dr. Jones, of Georgia, to dine at "Belmont " with Judge Peters, where he says he met a Quaker named Kersey, an eloquent preacher. Judge Peters showed the party in his garden a Spanish chestnut-tree, the nut of which was planted by Gen. Washington just before his retirement from the Presidency. Mr. Lafayette, Mr. Le Yasseur, Mr. S. Breck and Mr. Forsyth, of Georgia, were also of this dinner party. Miss Peters, the Judge's daughter, who kept his house, was the only lady present. Mr. Adams records, October 4, that Gen. Lafayette was made an honorary member of the Washington Benevolent Society, that he visited with the General a number of the public institutions of Phila delphia, including the Schuylkill Water Works, and that they called upon the two Misses Bollman at Mr. Nickson's, their relation. October 5, he accompanied Mr. John Vaughan to the Academy of Fine Arts, where Mr. Hopkinson delivered diplomas to Gen. Lafayette and his son as honorary members. Mr. Adams relates that with "Mrs. Adams and the girls" he reached Frenchtown at 8.30 in the evening of October 6, in the stage, and then received an invitation from the Baltimore committees, waiting there with the United States, to go with them and in company with Gen. Lafayette, to Baltimore. He accepted this invitation and recommended Mrs. Adams and the girls to the attention of Capt. Finch and Mr. B. O. Tayloe, and the boat, in which they were, immediately left the wharf. Mr. Adams did not accompany Gen. Lafayette on his entrie to the city of Baltimore, but accepted a seat in Mr. William Patterson's carriage, and was driven to Barney's tavern, Fountain Inn, where he witnessed the reception of Lafayette. Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 639 CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON. and as they came alongside alternately the passengers saluted the General, which compliment he received uncovered, in the most cordial and delicate manner. The landing was a very inter esting scene. The first barge, commanded by Captain Gardner, and manned by twelve Baltimore shipmasters, was the first that made for the shore — it contained General Lafayette, Mr. Secre tary Adams, General Smith, Mr. Martin and Mr. Morris. In the second boat were Mr. Lafayette, Mr. Le Vasseur, Colonel Bentalou, Mr. Patterson and the Governor's aids. The General was received at the platform at Fort McHenry, by Colonel Jacob Hindman, U. S. Army, and Edward G. Woodyear, a member of the Committee of Arrangment. The officers of the army and navy in Baltimore, the citizen volunteers at Fort McHenry during the bombardment, the Committee of Vigilance and Safety 640 The American Historical Register. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. of 1 8 14, and the officers of the late 36th and 38th U. S. regiments of Infantry had their stations, and the General passed through their line on his march up to the " star fort." Upon entering the gate the troops of the garrison presented arms — then opened to the rightand left, which brought to his view the army tent of Washington.* Governor Samuel Stevens, Jr., advanced from the tent and greeted the General with an address to which General Lafayette made the following reply : -x- << Washington's War House. This relic of the father of our country arrived at Baltimore on September 18, and was landed from the Georgetown packet, under a national salute and escorted to its place of desposite, in the Exchange, by one of the volunteer corps of the city. On the 15th inst. it was removed, under the superintend ence of the committee of the Cincinnati, guarded by Captain Simonson's company of light infantry, to fort McHenry, where it is to be pitched for the reception of Gen Lafayette. It was drawn in a car beautifully decorated with Hags, roses and wreaths Lafayette's Visit to the United States in 1824-25. 641 MRS. LOUISA CATHARINE (JOHNSON) ADAMS. While your excellency is pleased so kindly to welcome me in the name of the citizens of Maryland, the lively gratitude which this most gratifying reception cannot fail to excite, associates in my heart, with a no less profound sense of my old obliga tions to this State, both as an American general and a personal friend. I am happy, sir, to have the honor to meet you in this fort, so gallantly defended during the late war, in presence of the brave colonel, of the worthy volunteers, whose glory, on that memor able occasion, I have enjoyed with the profound feelings of an American veteran. It was by a M aryland colonel in the year 1777, that the British received, in the gallant defense of an important fort, one of the first lessons of what they were to expect from American valor and patriotism. The Maryland line, sir, in the Continental army, has been conspicuous, not only in days of victory, but on days either unfortunate or of laurel ; in the centre, supporting the flag of the Cincinnati, sat the venerable George Cole, one of those heroes who gallantly contended for our liberties at the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine and Germantown. It was a most interest ing spectacle, and the enthusiastic veneration manifested on the occasion showed how deeply rooted in the hearts of freemen is the memory of ' our hero,' our friend and our country's preserver." — Local ATewspaper. 642 The American Historical Register. GENERAL J. E. HOWARD. dubious. This tent, sir, under which I now answer your affectionate address, the monu ment erected to the memory of our great and good commander-in-chief, the column of a later date, bearing testimonies of a most glorious event, my entrance in a city long ago dear to me, and now become so beautiful and prosper ous, fill my heart with sentiments, in which you have had the goodness to sympathize. Accept, sir, the tribute of my respectful and affectionate gratitude to the citizens of this State, and their honored chief magistrate. The Governor then conducted Lafayette to the tent, where he found the Society of the Cincinnati, the patriarchs of the Revolution — here he was received and embraced by all of them — the scene was one of the most impressive and heart-touching that was ever witnessed ; all were convulsed into tears of joy and gratulation.* As soon as the feeling of the occasion had a little subsided, Colonel Howard presented an address to which the General made the following reply : The pleasure to recognize my beloved companions in arms ; the sound of names whose memory is dear to me ; this meeting under the consecrated ten where we so often have pressed around our paternal commander-in-chief ; excite emodons which your sympathyzing hearts will better feel than I can express. This fort also, most nobly defended in the last war, while it brings the affecting recollection of a confi dential friend in my military family, associates with it the remembrance of the illus trious defense of another fort, in the Revolutionary War, by the friend now near me [Gen. Smith]. It has been the lot of the Maryland line to acquire glory, in instances of bad as well as good for tune, and to whom can I better speak of the glory of that line, than in addressing Col. Howard ? My dear brother soldiers, my feelings are too strong for utterance. I thank you most affectionately. The meeting of Lafayette with the venerable Charles Carroll, Colonel How ard, Generals Steuart, Reed, Benson, and other Revolutionary soldiers, in the tent of Washington, had a most powerful effect on the feelings of all. He grasped their * With reference to this interesting scene, Mr. Adams, at the dinner given to the General on the evening of his third day in Baltimore, offered the following beau tiful sentiment : "The tears of glory, gratitude and joy, in the tent of Washington." JHNERAI. JOHN STR1CKER. Lafayette' s Visit to the United States in 1824—25. 643 hands, he folded them in his arms, and, with his eyes brimful of tears, and others who, like him, had fairly stood in the hottest of the fight in many battles, were dissolved by the pressure of the recollections that thickened upon them. He recognized several of them, especially sergeant Everhardt, who had once been instrumental in saving his life in battle. Within the tent was a part of the camp equipage of Washington, containing knives, plates, etc., which were exposed to view. On one side of the tent was placed an American cannon and on the other side a French one, both of which had been used at the siege of York- town. After the presentation of General Macomb, Colonels Jones and Hook, and Major Vandeventer, of the U. S. Army, with Captains Nicholson and Claxton, of the Navy, George Washington Custis, the owner of the tent, and several ladies, an elegant collation was offered, prepared by the latter. Upon leaving the " star fort," to make his entree into the city, the General was handed into a splendid barouche, drawn by four black horses, attended by grooms in full livery. Seated with him were Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, General S. Smith and Colonel Howard. The General's son, Mr. Le Vasseur and Governor Stevens occupied the next barouche ; a third contained General Strieker, Colonel Bentalou and Mr. Du Bois Martin; the Committee of Arrangement and the Society of the Cincinnati followed in carriages. Upon passing the outer gate of the fort, the General was received by a body of Cavalry. The ist City Troop preceded him, the 2d City Troop fell in after the carriages, and the escort was closed by the remaining troops, comprising a corps of 700 Horse, well mounted and handsomely equipped. As he passed Federal Hill a detachment of Artillery saluted him with twenty-four guns. C. H. B. (To be continued!) GENERAL JOHN STEELE. BY SUSAN CARPENTER FRAZER. John Steele was born in Drummond township, Lancaster county, Pa., in June, 1758. He was the third son of William Steele, Sr., and his wife, Rachel Carr, of Maryland. William GENERAL JOHN STEELE.* Captain Sth Company, 1st Regiment Pennsylvania Line. Steele was a man of prominence in the early part of the century. He gave to the colonies liberally of his means and counsel ; to ' From portrait owned by Miss Ellen B. Foster, Philadelphia. General John Steele. 645 the patriot army three sons — Captain Archibald Steele, Captain William Steele and General John Steele. His youngest son, James Steele, rose to the rank of brigadier-general in the War of 18 1 2. Several of his grandsons achieved honor in the same war. MRS. JOHN STEELE.* The parents of John Steele had destined him to become a clergyman ; he was under the tuition of the Rev. James Latta, D. D., at Chestnut Level, when he heard the call of his country to arms. He declared to his venerable preceptor, that until his country was free from England's yoke he must relinquish his studies for the camp. So at the age of seventeen, asking advice or consent from no one, he enlisted as a private. * From portrait owned by Miss Ellen B. Foster, Philadelphia. 646 The American Historical Register. His eldest brother, Archibald Steele,* had raised a company and marched to Boston where it was incorporated in a regiment and placed under command of Benedict Arnold. This was the regiment that made the celebrated march through the wilderness of Maine to Quebec in the winter of 1775, and has ever been re membered as one memorable in the annals of America. Archi bald Steele was a man of magnificent physique, of heroic daring, and great intrepidity. After his return from Quebec, he was appointed by Washington colonel of a Western expedition. Upon joining the army in New Jersey, he first learned that his brothers William and John were serving with the army and asked General Hand if he thought his brother John would be compe- * Harris' "Biographical History" says: "Archibald Steele, a brother of General John Steele, was a man of great intrepidity and resolute daring. Upon the breaking out of the Revolution he and a man named Smith raised a company in Lan caster county and marched to Boston, where they were organized into a regiment and placed under the command of Benedict Arnold. This was the regiment that made the celebrated march through the wilderness of Maine to Quebec in the winter of 1775, which has ever been remembered as one memorable in the annals of American history. During this month Archibald Steele had the command of a party of men who were selected to go before the army and mark out the roads and crossing places ; and on the arrival of the army at the St. Lawrence he was appointed super intendent of the crossing of the river. At the head of his company Steele marched with the army to the attack upon Quebec, but upon the fall of General Montgomery the Americans retreated, and Arnold's division were all taken prisoners. He was badly wounded in the left hand, two of his fingers having been carried away by a musket shot. " The following may be cited as showing the heroic daring of Captain Archibald Steele : On one occasion as the Americans were crossing a river in bark canoes, these were filled to their utmost capacity with men, and Captain Steele, seeing no room in the canoe, leaped into the river, rested his hands on the stern of the boat, whilst one of the men therein sat upon them, and thus was he dragged through the floating ice to the opposite shore. When they reached the shore life was almost extinct ; the soldiers wrapped him in their blankets and rolled him over the ground to infuse new life in him. On his return home from the Quebec expedition he met the American army in New Jersey, and was informed by General Hand that two of his brothers, John Steele and William Steele, were then serving with the army. Cap tain Archibald Steele asked General Hand if he thought his brother John would be competent to assume the command of a company (being but eighteen years of age). Hand replied that he would warrant his qualification, and the commission was pro cured. Archibald Steele was afterward appointed quarter-master-general, a position he retained for some considerable time. He was appointed by Washington colonel of a Western expedition, but sickness prevented the. acceptance of the command. He held for some time in Philadelphia his position of military storekeeper. He died in Philadelphia in 1832, aged ninety-one years.'' General John Steele. 647 tent to assume the command of a company, being but eighteen years of age, General Hand replied he would warrant his quali fication, and a captain's commission was procured for John Steele and he was placed in command of a veteran company. Captain John Steele was severely wounded at Brandywine, in fact, was at one time, thought to be dead. Six faithful sol diers carried him several miles, taking him to the home of two ladies, who, though entire strangers, nursed him assiduously. His father heard what had befallen his son, and after much search, found and had him removed to his own home in Lancas ter county. Returning health and strength restored the young soldier to the army, not discouraged by what he had suffered. He commanded the bodyguard of Mrs. Washington while she lived at Morristown, and, during General Washington's absence, was a member of her household.* He afterward was field officer * Dear Will : — I have omitted several opportunities of writing with a daily expectation of seeing you, and my brother Jake,f which I now cease to hope for, as we have taken the field for several days in consequence of a sudden, and unexpected excursion of the enemy, from Staten Island into Jersey, who have (as usual) com mitted the most cruel and wanton depredations by burning and destroying the houses of many peaceable and defenseless inhabitants ; but the most striking instance of their barbarity was in taking the life of a most amiable lady, wife of Parson Caldwell, of Springfield, who left nine small children, the youngest eight months old, which sat on its mamma' s lap a witness to the cruel murder, though insensible of its loss ; nor did their barbarity end there, for after several skirmishes (in which it is thought we killed at least 150 and a proportionable number wounded, together with several offi cers, one of which was General Stirling) they retired to Elizabeth Town Point, where they remained fortifying and possessing themselves of parts of the town ; and ' tis said that two nights ago they made an indiscriminate sacrifice of all the females of the place — a cruel slaughter, indeed ! Yesterday a captain from the British army deserted to us, the cause to me unknown, but he is beyond doubt a damned rascal but it all conspires to make glorious the once dreaded (though now ignominious) arms of Britain. I am at present enjoying myself incomparably well in the family of Mrs. Wash ington whose guard I have had the honor to command since the absence of the General and the rest of the family, which is now six or seven days. I am happy in the importance of my charge, as well as in the presence of the most amiable woman upon earth, whose character, should I attempt to describe I could not do justice to — but will only say that I think it unexceptionable ; the first and second night after I came it was expected that a body of the enemy' s horse would pay us a visit, but I was well prepared to receive them, for I had not only a good detachment of well-discip lined troops under my command, but four members of Congress who came volunteers with their musquets, bayonets and ammunition. I assure you they have disposed of a 648 The American Historical Register. of the day at the surrender of Yorktown. After the war ended, poor and broken in health, he returned to his home, with the glory of having served his country faithfully. He then married Abigail Ann Bailey, daughter of Francis Bailey, of Lancaster county, Pa. This was the consummation of a love affair dating from his college days. She had many suitors more eligible from a worldly point of view than the young soldier. She, however, remained true to her early love, telling her father, when urged to accept more desirable offers, she would marry John Steele or no one. Mrs. Steele was a woman of firmness, decision, enterprise and activity. She united all the more amiable attributes of an accomplished woman. Interesting in this connection is the fact that the title, "the Father of his Country," was first applied to Washington by Francis Bailey, father of Mrs. Steele. He was the publisher of an almanac in Lancaster in 1779, on the frontis piece of which is a portrait of Washington. A picture of Fame holds in one hand the portrait in a medallion, and with the other to her lips a bugle, from which issues the words " Des Landes Pater," or " Father of his Country." General John Steele was an original member of the Penn sylvania Society of the Cincinnati. After his marriage he estab lished a paper manufactory on the Octorara creek, at the town of Steeleville, which was named in his honor. Agriculture was his favorite pursuit, and from the paper manufactory he retired to the lands which he had inherited. While living there he several times represented his district in the House of Represen- greater share of spirits than you have ever seen in that body, or perhaps ever will see as long as they exist. I leave you to judge whether there is not considerable merit due their commander. I only wish I had » company of them to Command for a campaign ; and if you would not see an alteration in the constitution of our army against the next, I would suffer to lose my ears and never command a Congressman again. The rations they have consumed considerably overbalances all their service done as volunteers — for they have dined with us every day nearly and drank as much wine as they would earn in six months. Make my best love to my dear sister Betsy, parents, brothers and sisters, as well as to all my good neighbors ; but in a most particular manner, to somebody I can't write to you for fear of miscarriage. I am your affectionate brother, Headquarters, Morristown, 1 Jack Steele. June 14, '80. J f Jacob Bailey. General John Steele. 649 tatives and in the Senate of Pennsylvania. In 1808 he was appointed collector of the revenue of the United States for the port of Philadelphia. He filled this important office with exem plary ability and fidelity, until forced by ill health to resign in 1826. It was deemed a thing incredible that a farmer, not bred to merchandise, could manage so complicated and extensive an establishment as the custom house of Philadelphia ; but no collector had ever filled the office more satisfactorily. In the school of Washington he had been trained to system and punctuality. General Steele was a ruling elder of the Presbyterian church of Chestnut Level. In the Third Presbyterian Church, on Pine street, Philadelphia, he was a trustee, and one of its most valued members until his death. His devotion to his country was intelligent and ardent ; he was a zealous advocate for our repre sentative system of government, for domestic manufactures, for internal improvements and agricultural pursuits. A politician, but not one anxious to aggrandize himself; a patriot who be lieved in his country as he believed in his religion. After forty-three years of a happy married life, General Steele died February 27 ; two weeks later his wife, Abigail, died, March 13, 1827. They were buried in the churchyard of the Third Presbyterian Church, on Pine street, Philadelphia. BROWNING. ORIGIN OF THE SURNAME. That the doctors of philology are as prone to differ from each other as are the doctors of medicine is apparent from the number of definitions and derivations they give of the surname Browning. As instances of this the writer gives the following evidence : Farguson, in his " Sirnames as a Science," says : It is a compound of the surname Brown and ing. Thating is an Anglo- Saxon and ancient German patronymic. Hence Browning means the son of Brown, hence Brownson, or Bronson. Or, it is of local Anglo-Saxon form, as Brown-zVz^-, meaning brown-meadow, ing being translated meadow. Again in Farguson's "Teutonic Name System," he says Browning is the anglicized form of Bruning, old German of the eighth century, which seems more likely. But Lower, in his " Patronymica Britanica," recognizing this latter origin, says it was usually written Bruning, and that it is an Anglo-Saxon baptismal name, referring originally to the color of the complexion of the bearer. A still more fanciful derivation, or definition of the sur name is given in Davies' " English Glossary." It says that Browning is perhaps a form of Brownie, a witch ! Lapland was famous for them and they were supposed to be able to sell winds to sailors. For instance, in Pliny, book XIX, proem, it is written : " Man is so wicked and ungracious, his wit so inventive, that he will be sowing, tending and plucking that with his own hand that calls for nothing else at sea but winds, and never rests till Brown ing be come." Other philologists seem to agree with Farguson, and derive the surname from its compounds, Broivn and ing. They derive Brown from the Anglo-Saxon brun, to burn ; from the German brennen ; French, brun, meaning dark, dun, etc.; and define ing as an Anglo-Saxon noun, equivalent to the Icelandic eing, and the Welsh inge, meaning a common pasture, or meadow, which definition can find support in the surnames Brownfield, Brown- hill, Brownlee, Brownlow, Brunell, etc. This theory, you will Browning. 65 1 see, may find support in the system of allotting of lands among the Anglo-Saxons,. which will be hereafter considered. Dr. Guest, in his " Origines Celticse," goes a step further into the derivation of the surname and deducts Brun, or Brown from Bru, Irish for border, or brink, and n, or en, a corruption of an, the Anglo-Saxon genitival ending. However, in this connection, it is well to note that when Dr. Guest defines the termination ?'#£• further on he says ing : " is a late corruption for an, which entered frequently into the Anglo- Saxon names of towns, as Witt-an-tun, now Whittington, Earm- an-tun, now Ermington, Hunt-an-dun, now Huntingdon, etc. In some few cases the an is now represented by en, or simply n, as Chelt-en-ham, Ork-n-ey, etc.; but in the vast majority of cases an has been corrupted into ing." As all evidence points to Browning being originally an Anglo-Saxon word and surname, we can incidentally glance at the early history of the race, one of whose tribes or clans was the Browning. The fatherland of the modern English race was what was called in the fifth century A. D., Angeln,nowSchleswig, a district of the peninsula that parts the Baltic sea from the North sea, the home of the Angli at the height of the prosperity of the ancient Roman Empire, about A. D. 107, or of the Cimbrii, of older date, a branch of the great Germanii. Joining the Angli on the south were the Saxons, at the same time, and on the north the Jutes, all belonging to the Low German branch of the Teutonic family, all united by bonds of kinship, speech and social and political institutions. When the Romans withdrew their cohorts from their province of Britain, in the fifth century, A. D., the island was at the mercy of the natives, or at least the peoples the Romans found there, the Picts and Scots, till it was invaded by the followers of Hengest and Horsa, in A. D. 450, from Jutland, and afterwards by Cerdic and Cynric, in the year 495, with only the Saxons, who were followed by the Angli (Engle), who in time were to absorb the other German tribes and found the great English race, A. D. 577. These transplanted their home customs, and laws onto Britain's soil and established kingdoms which existed till their new country was in turn wrested from them by the Normans. In the early period of Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain, 65 2 The American Historical Register. or England, the land was held in common by them, and after the fashion of their fatherland. The smallest and simplest of their common divisions is technically called a mark, or march (mearc), a word common in German muniments. This was the first general division of land, next in order to the large private estates, or alods. It was a plot of land, defined, or marked out, as its name denoted, on which a number of freemen had settled for the piypose of cultivation of the soil and for the sake of mutual profit and protection. It comprised both arable land and pasture. The word mark has also a legal as well as a terri torial meaning. It is a member of the State. It represents those who dwell upon the land, in relation to their privileges and rights, both as respects themselves and others. The original basis on which all Teutonic society rests. It was a voluntary association of freemen, who maintained a system of cultivation for their own common benefit, and from which they jealously excluded their neighbors of the other marks. The court of markmen had supreme jurisdiction over all the marks. These Anglo-Saxon marks of England were great family unions, comprising households of various degrees of wealth, rank and authority, in direct descent from common ancestors, or from the culture-hero of the particular tribe, all sharing in the same religious rites, and all known to themselves and to their neighbors by one general surname, derived from appearance, location, occupation, etc. The original significance ot these names is interesting. Many hypotheses are formed to account for their ancient aggre gations. Probably the most plausible is that of a single family, itself claiming descent through some hero from the gods, and gathering scattered families around it, thus retaining the admin istration of the family rites of religion and giving its own name to all the rest of the community, which was generally an irregular compound in the composition of which the former portion is a patronymic in ing, declined in the genitive plural. The second portion is a mere definition of the locality, to wit, tun or dun, ton or don, as Brun-an-ga-tun , the village, or settlement of the Brun-an-gas, or Brownings. In a few cases the patronymic stands alone in the nomina tive plural as Bruningas, set down as one of the ancient Anglo- Browning. 653 Saxon marks, in " Codex Diplomaticus," by Mr. J. M. Kemble, and also mentioned in his " Saxons in England." The union of several marks, some claim, was called by the Anglo-Saxons ga (gau, in German), which has been superseded by scir, or shire. The ga was a petty kingdom, or principality, or a shire-division, as Brun-an-scir. Others say the gas were political bodies, and became, in time, lost in revolutions, but the marks, having personality, passed from one system of aggrega tions to another without losing their particular character or name. The Bruningas were a tribe, or sept among the earliest Anglo-Saxon settlers in Britain, and although the name Brun- ningas is understood also by many philologists, as above, and by Kemble, according to his " List of Towns and Settlements in England," who says Bruningas (Anglo-Saxon) Bruninga (old German of Foerstermasm) in Austria, means (i. e., Bron, accord ing to "Liber Vitae," and Bruyn) a settlement, according to Frisian. Farguson also refers to Bruningus (or Bruningas, as in " Liber Vitse ") as being understood to mean a settlement of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain, yet Seebohm takes a different view of the origin of the name Bruningas. He claims the name repre sents the social and political station of the people bearing it. Theirs, he says, was an embryo manor, the system which grew in England from the ancient Roman and Germanic land systems of Europe. The personal name Brun with the patronymic suffix ing, or ingas is strong evidence for the manorial character of the estate of the people which occupied it. Seebohm's " English Village Community " says it is wrong to suppose the local names ending in ing, or its plural form ingas, represent the original clan-settlements of the German con querors of Britain, the successors there of the Romans. And that we must not rely on these suffixes to base a theory of Ger man mark systems, nor are they evidence of settlements on the basis of free village community as appeared to those of a manorial type. Local names with the suffix ing are found on the continent of Europe as well as in England. Seebohm, in the tracing of the connection of the tribal system of the Germanic with local 654 The American Historical Register. names, says the fixing of a particular personal name to a locality implies settlement. It implies not only a departure from the old nomadic habits on the part of the whole tribe, but also the ab sence within the territory of the tribe of only temporary habita tions, or the shifting of families from one homestead to another — common to a late date in Wales and Ireland. That when these became fixed abodes, or permanent settlements, after the shifting tribal stage, or the semi-nomadic — personal names attached themselves to places, and suffixes were used, involving the idea of fixed abodes. What was the nature of these tribal households which a local name with a patronymic suffix represents ? Seebohm cites Welsh customs as to what a " tribal house hold " was like, and, ridiculing the idea of their being a " village community " under the German mark-system. The Welsh plan was the joint holding of the heirs of a common ancestor from the grandsire downward, with redistributions within it to make equality between the family and the kin to second cousins, the youngest son always retaining the original homestead in their divisions, as his holding. The holdings were named after the common ancestor and occupied by his heirs — called by the name of the original holders with the patronymic suffix. This name then became permanently attached to them. The distinctive mark of the tribal households was the joint holding for two or three generations and then the ultimate division of the holding among the male heirs, the youngest retaining the original ances tral homestead, which was the custom of " gavelkind," a custom yet in southeastern England, the old " Saxon shore," and in parts of northern Germany and northeastern France. The local names with the patronymic suffix are numerous, the suffix vary ing from the English ing, with its plural, ingas, the German ing, or ung, with its plural ingas, ingen, ungen and ungun, and the French ign, or igny, to the Swiss equivalent ikon, the Bohemian ici, and the wider Slavonic its, or wits and ski. It seems to be clear that the termination ing, in its older plural form ingas, in Anglo-Saxon, not by any means always (in this connection he says also, as referred to before : ing also meant a low meadow by a river bank, as Clifton Ings, near York. Also it was sometimes used like ers, as " Ochringen," dwellers Browning. 6 c t on the river Ohra. In Denmark the individual strip in a meadow was an ing, and so the whole meadow would be the ings), but still in a large number of cases had a patronymic significance. There are many evidences of this in the Anglo- Saxon " Chronicle." An example of the individual family for generations herding together in the same homestead is in Bohemian and Slavic districts, and there the number of local names ending in id, or owici (equivalent to ing, or ingas), and its and wits, goes to confirm the connection of the patronymic suffix with the holding of the co-heirs of an original holder. The family names gave the application of their abode (not many of these can now be identified or located), with addition of ham, or tun. The largest portion of the places ending in ing, mentioned in Doomsday Survey occurs east of a line drawn from The Wash to the Isle of Wight, and there are a greater number of ings in Sussex than in Essex. The ington and ingham suffixes are now spread all over Eng land. The greatest number of names ending in ing, without further suffix of ham, or ton, occur in the " old Saxon shore," whereto some extent the " right of the youngest " still prevails. The same is also true of the continent where the same system is in vogue. The ings were to be found all over the countries occupied by the German tribes even at the height ef the Roman Empire, even into Rhsetia (Austria) whither the ings came from the German mountains and forests beyond the Roman limes for conquest;. By this it is to be understood that the Teutonic Brun tribe, through Roman influence and within Roman provinces, abandoned their roaming life and formed settlements which took their name and they themselves, from their new system, became ingas, and it was not till comparatively modern times the ham, or tun was added to the names of settlements through Roman example, and when the settlementstook shape of manors, with a servile population upon them. Another authority to derive the surname Browning from its apparent compound Brown and ing, is Bosworth's "Anglo-Saxon Dictionary." It defines the name as Anglo-Saxon, and says that this tongue is Angle, Engle, or English-Saxon, of the Piatt, Low, or Northern part of Germany, brought into Britain by the Jutes, Angles and Saxons and modified. Those who remained in the 656 The American Historical Register. old country were called " Old Saxons " and their language Low German. Bosworth's idea of Browning is it is a name composed of Brown and ing ; that Brown is brun, an Anglo-Saxon adjective, meaning " brown," dusky, dark, etc., and that ing means " originat ing from, son of, descendant of," etc., while ingas is the plural form, and means '" people of, race of, house of." From this we are to understand that the Bruningas, or Brownings were a dusky, dark-skinned race of Teutons. In support of a portion of this definition is the idea of Bowditch, in " Suffolk Surnames," and Anderson, in " Genealogy and Surnames," who say the English surname Brown, Broun and Browne ; the German Braun, the French Brune, mean simply " dark, or brown haired, dark, or brown complexioned." On the same idea Bardsley in "Our English Surnames," says: le Brun, Brune, was a nick-name (ekename), an added name, to designate some persons by sobriquet from complexion, or color of the hair, or beard. John Timbs, F. S. A., in his " Ancestral Stories," says the name Browne is not derived, as believed, from the color brown, but boasts of a much higher origin ; it is now well understood to be taken from the name of an office or position of dignity allied to chieftainship, which, in a Scandinavian form, is known as Bran, or Bren, and which was, with the numerous tribes of the northwest of Europe, the title of the chieftain, or head of the clan. From this may probably have come the French Brun, (Bruen, Broun) from which we get easily enough Brown. In Doomsday Book the surnames Brown and Browningj as written, do not appear. They are .always given Brun and Bruning. That they were at an early date, before the Dooms day Survey, distinct surnames in England is evident from many reasons. For instance, Leofnc, Eorl of Mercia, was lord of the castle of Brune and the adjoining marshes, or marks. His son possessed this estate and castle of Brune, and from him they descended to William Rufus. The identity of this estate is found in the parish of Bourne, or Burn, in Aveland-Wapentake, Lincoln shire. The tribe of Bruningas was well scattered before the advent of the Normans in England ; but, according to Sir Henry Ellis, in his " Introduction to Doomsday Book," there was many Browning. 657 a Bruning holding land in England during the reign of the Saxon king, Edward the Confessor, and anterior to the time of the Great Survey, temp. A. D. 1086. Among the persons entered in the Doomsday Book as there holding land were : Bruning, in Kent, 6 hides. " in Hants, 52 hides twice. " in Wilts, 71 hides twice. " in Somerset, 93 hides twice. " in Hereford, 180 hides twice. " in Warwick, 241 hides. 241 hides twice. 244 hides twice. The latter Bruning held these lands when the Doomsday Book was formed. In the " Lists of Tenants in Capite" — tenants of lands in the time of the Norman Conquest of England, who held their lands immediately from the King, at the date of the first Great Survey of England, A. D. 1086, preserved in the Doomsday Book — is this entry : "Bruning, Hants, 54 hides. Ulnod et Bruning dim. hid. ipse tenuerunt in paragis." A hide, a unit of Anglo-Saxon assessment, was a normal holding of a free family, or a Saxon thane's demesne. It was a complete holding of 120 acres, valued at the price of a full plough team of eight oxen. It equals four yardlands, normal holding of two oxen, about thirty acres of plough land. Among the Under Tenants of Land in England, at the time of the Great Survey, as given in Doomsday Book, was : "Bruning, Warwick, 241 " (hides), as above noted. These are the most ancient mentions of the surname in England, and it was not till long after the Norman Conquest that the name is found printed or written Browning. Nor was it until after this conquest that the surname appeared in public documents with a Christian, or baptismal, name prefixed. Among the earliest instances of the use of the " Christian name " is found in " Rotuli Curiae Regis," held before the Jus ticiaries, temp. Richard I. In it "Hug': Brunig" is mentioned as among those offering essoins at Hertford, October 6, 1 198. He was probably the same "Hug': Brunning, Juror of Ardleigh," 658 The American Historical Register. mentioned with "Ric: Bruning, tenant at Chingeford," in the Doomsday Book of St. Paul's, London, 1222. The latter name again appears in the " Registry of the Priory of St. Mary's," Worcester, in 1240, as "Ricardus Brun ning." He is set down as a tenant of the church land, and " assessed for ' dimida noka,' " i. e., half a noka — seven and one- half acres, or one-quarter of a virgate (thirty acres). "Brunig, filius Reginaldi," is among the entries in the Charter Rolls (Rotuli Chartarum) of England, attached to a deed of conformation of land, 10 John, or 1208. "Thom: Bruning," is mentioned in the Close Rolls of Eng land, temp. 17 John, or 12 1 5 ; and again in same, temp. 10 Hen. III., or 1226, are found the names of " Osbertus et Stephanus Bruning." The earliest mention the writer has discovered of what is the nearest to the present spelling of the surname is in Part I of " Liber Customarum," where "Thomam Brownynge" is mentioned in an Ordinance, dated 1297, "in relation to a new fair to be held in Soper's Lane, London." As an evidence of the corrupting of the spelling of the surname, we will take as an instance that of a settlement, that which is now called Barn- inghamtown, North Erpingham hundred, Norfolk, was originally called Bruningham, and since then variously styled Briningham, Burningham and Banningham, just as Brington (pronounced Briton), an ancient Anglo-Saxon settlement, a parish in Nobottle Hem, Northampton, was originally Brunington. Rye's " Nor folk Topography " and Blomefield's "History of Norfolk" will throw some light on the subject. Bringwyn, or Bruningwyn, a parish in Raglan hundred, Monmouthshire, and Bringingham, a parish in Hold hundred, Norfolk, are also examples of the corrupting of the original names. In this connection it is interesting to note the surname ol "Aswaldus de Brunnigeh," or Aswald de Brunningham, men tioned in " Magnus Rotalus Pipal " (the Great Roll of the Pipe), as of Lincolnshire, temp. Richard I. As a relict or echo of our ancient Saxon tribe ol Bruningas, we note Bruninge Acre, a "place" in Buckinghamshire, /««/>. John, mentioned in " List of Fines," at sitting of the Curia Regis, area, A. D. 1200. This was, no doubt, originally a settlement, or unbounded possession, as Acre implies, of the Bruningas, just as Browning. 659 Brunangatun, or Bruningastown, was a town of the Bruningas. An instance of the original spelling of the surname is found in that of " Adam Broninge" which is also written Brunning, sheriff of London, 1259. Brunanburg, Brunanbyrig, Brunanfeld, was a " town," the site of which is unknown, but here iEoelstan and Eodmund defeated the Scots, according to the Saxon " Chronicle," No. 937. See Kemble's "Saxons in England," p. 551, vol. II. A still more singular spelling of the surname is found in " Codex Diplomaticus," " Winthervs de Bruningisheim ; miles," is a witness to Doc. 423, A. D. 1296. Two years later the same " Wintherum de Bruningesheim " is witness on Doc. 426, A. D. 1298. In this latter document are mentioned " Margwardam et Henrichvm fratres de Bruningeskiem." And again in Mallett's " Life of Master Rembrandt," is the notice of a portrait painted by Rembrandt, which has been engraved by Oortman and etched by Muger of "Secretary Bruyningh." In 1878 this portrait was in the Cassel Gallery. A later instance of the corruption of the spelling of the sur name is found in that of" Nicholas Brunynck," who is mentioned in the catalogue of the MSS. of the Cottonian Library, in the British Museum as communicating by letter, in French, dated December 24, 1570, with Counsellor Wesenbeck, directing him to send intelligence of the Prince of Orange. In 162 1 was knighted April 8, at Whitehall, Albertus Bruyning one of the Ambassadors sent to the King from the States of the Low countries. (See " Metcalfe's Book of Knights.") Brunwin is also credited with being a corruption of Brun ing, or Browning, while the surnames Brunning, Brunnings, Bruening, Brunninghaus, Brueninghaus are easily traceable. C. H. B. EPISODES OF THE " FRENCH SPOLIATION " PERIOD. BY CAPT. H. W. HUBBELL, U. S. ARMY. Captain Wilson Hubbell was the son of Amos Hubbell, of Newfield, now Bridgeport, Conn., a merchant and shipowner engaged in trade with the West Indies and Spanish main, and was born April 7, 1773. In October, 1796, while in command of sloop Endeavor, owned by his father, brother-in-law Ezekiel Hub bell and himself, bound from Newfield to Island St. Bartholomew, West Indies, he was captured by a French privateer and taken into Basse Terre, Gaudaloupe, and vessel and cargo condemned. In January, 1797, while in command of ship Sally and Betsey, Ezekiel Hubbell owner, on a voyage from Newfield to St. Croix, West Indies, he was again captured, taken into Havana, where ship and cargo were condemned. In April, 1799, while in command of the sloop Delight, of Newfield, owned by his father, brother-in-law and self, he was captured for the third time, which resulted in his being murdered in the most heartless manner, as set forth in the following account preserved in the family, and corroborated by the affidavits of some of his crew, on file in Collectors office of Bridgeport, Conn. William Hubbell died April 5, 1799, and one of the most aggravated deaths hat ever happened to man. He commanded the sloop Delight, of Bridgeport, for New Providence ; from thence to Havana, when he returned from Havana to New Providence a second time. He then took a freight for the Havana, and on bis passage he was captured by a French privateer and proceeded towards Hispaniola with said sloop. A few days after, Wilson Hubbell, Samuel Cable, seaman, and Josiah Burr, a cabin boy, rose upon the Frenchmen that had the sloop in possession, and retook her from them without the loss of blood, but they retained possession but a few hours. The French officer was walking the quarter deck smoking a cigar. Wilson Hubbell was sitting on the leeward rail, well assured, without fear of his enemy. The French officer dropped his cigar at the feet of Wilson Hubbell to give limself the advantage to commit his horrible deed, when under pretense of stooping down to pick up his cigar, he seized Wilson Hubbell by the feet and plunged him nto the sea. The sea was calm at the time with a light breeze, and Capt. Hubbell being an excellent swimmer, swam for some time after the vessel, begging the obdurate Frenchman to spare his life, but deaf to all entreaties this iron-hearted man sailed on and allowed Capt. Hubbell to perish in the waves. Thus ended the life of a young man who was the idol of his family and friends. It is the prayer of all his friends that this French monster comes to no better end. The following inscription is on a tomb in the ancient Stratford burying ground, Bridgeport, Conn. : Episodes of the " French Spoliation" Period. 66 1 This stone is erected in memory of Captain Amos Hubbell, who died July 2nd, 1801, aged 55 years. Which also records the death of his two sons, Amos and Wilson, The former of whom died at the Havannah, on the 15th day of October, 1796, aged 18 years. And the latter was dispoiled of his life whilst in the proper discharge of the duties of his profession, by an unprincipled officer of a French privateer, who, deaf to the claims of justice, and the cries of humanity, plunged the sufferer into the ocean, and left him to perish in the waves On the 5th day of April, 1799, aged 26 years. When sweet content serenely smiles around, Like a fair summer evening, oh, how soon The charming scene is lost, the deepening shades Prevail, and night approaches dark an sad, Till the last beam, faint glimmering dies away. To illustrate how French and English cruisers swarmed, and the gauntlet Yankee merchantmen had to run in the West Indies, during the period 1793-1801, the following is submitted, all supported by sworn deposition : " Schooner Olivia, of Newfield (Stratford), Conn., Ezekiel Hubbell and Jonathan Hall, owners ; Jonathan Hall, master. Cleared from Stratford for island of St. Bartholomew, West Indies, in March, 1798. March 22d, lat. 170 57' N. and long. 6o° 31', captured by a French Republican privateer schooner carrying ten guns. March 23d. Recaptured by the private British armed schooner-of-war Louisa, Capt. Bridger, who brought her into the island of Antigua. Salvage paid by captain ; schooner loaded with rum and cleared for Newfield, May 3d, 1798. May 21st, captured by the French Republican privateer brig Independence, and conducted towards Point a Petre, Gaudaloupe. On June 14th, 1798, when eastward of Gaudaloupe recaptured by His Britannic Majesty's ship-of-war Santa Margarita, George Parker, Esq., commander, brought into St. Johns, Antigua, the same date. Salvage again paid to captors. Shortly after she cleared again for Newfield and reached her destination in safety." It is almost needless to remark that damages for the out rages related above have never been paid to the sufferers or their heirs. COLONEL AARON BARLOW'S BOOK OF ORDERS. BY CHARLES BURR TODD. In a former number of the Historical Register I gave the diary of Colonel Aaron Barlow during the expedition against Montreal and the forts on Lake Champlain, in the fall and winter of 1775-6. This diary filled the last pages of a manuscript book entitled " Aaron Barlow's Book of Orders at New York, began June 13, A. D. 1775," the first twenty-four pages being taken up with the General and Regimental Orders issued while the troops lay at New York, and up to the capture of the Fort at Islandore. These orders cannot but be of interest to descendants of the men of '76, and are given here without further preface. " Greenwich Camps, June 13th, 1775 " Regimental Orders "It is ordered that every Capt make a return of his men to receive three days' Provision, one day of fresh, two of salt of all species. Beginning on the 13th day and ending on the 15th day, and it is further ordered that they bring in a just acct. of all back allowances that is wanting that they may receive it in full — it is further ordered that each company appear to receive their three pints of beer and every Capt make proper weekly returns of officers and soldiers that the state of the Regiment may be known. It is further ordered that a guard consisting of one sergeant, one corporal, one "fife, and 12 privates to be kept at Capt Grigs for the security of the stores from the 5th Regiment. ' ' The above order by me "David Waterbury, Coll." " General Orders, June 14th, 1775. "All wrestling and gaming of every kind in camp is strictly forbidden — the firing of guns in camp is also strictly forbidden. The Drummers of the two Regiments to take their turn to be orderly whose duty it is to beat the sergeant call at 7 o' clock in the evening on the guard parade near the main guard at which time the Orderly ser geants of each company are to repair to receive orders from the Brigade Major or Ad jutant. The main guard is to consist of one subaltern, one sergeant and two corpis and 36 privates. The officers of each company are to call the roll at the beat of the Retreat at sun setting and all soldiers off duty are obliged to answer to their names except officers. Waiters, and all soldiers are immediately to repair to their Quarters at the beating of the drums at 9 o'clock." " Regimental odrers, June 15th, 1775. "It is ordered that a victualing return be immediate made this day to the Quar termaster from the several companies in the 5th Regiment that they may receive four days provisions — one of fresh, three of salt, of all species beginning on the 16th and Colonel Aaron Barlow's Book of Orders. 663 ending on the 19th day of instant June, both days included. Likewise it is ordered that the regiment meet on the plain by Capt Grigs at 2 of the clock afternoon on the 1 6th day of instant June there to perform Regimental exercise. " By me, David Waterbury, Coll." " General Orders, June 16, 1775. " I subaltern, 4 sergeants, 3 corporals, I drum, I fife, 50 privates. General Worcester's company gives I subaltern, I sergeant, 1 drum, 4 Privates. Coll Water- bury's company 6 Privates, Capt Dimons 6 Privates, Capt Meads 6 Privates, Capt Benedict 5 Privates, Capt Reads 5 Privates, Capt Smiths 6 Privates. Two sergeants, 4 Corporals, 4 Drums, 4 Fifes to attend the beating of the long Troop every morning at 7 o'clock, and to begin their march at the Guard (Grand?) Parade, and march near the brink of the hill each of Capt Naps (Knapps ?) and from then to Mr. Homers, and thence to the Guard Parade, the commanding officer of each company to see that each of the men under his command are speedily equipped with eighteen rounds of cartridges. ' ' " General Orders, June 17, 1775 ' ' The officers of each company see that such Paragraphs of the Military Law as relate to the soldiers be read their respective companies." " General Orders, June 24th, 1775. "All the troops that are encamped at this place (Greenwich) and at Stamford are to hold themselves in readiness to march on Monday morning to New York, and they are to be furnished with I lb powder, 3 lbs bullets and 6 flints. Each soldier is abso lutely forbid firing on their march except ordered by their officers, and they are to take especial care to injure no man's property. The troops to march in two grand divisions, the four companies of the General Regiment to compose the first Division, and Colonel Waterbury' s Regiment to compose the second. Each company to be a sub division, and to furnish a guard for their own baggage team, &c." " New York, June 30th, 1775. " The Continental Congress having been pleased to appoint George Washington, Esq. Commander-in-Chief of the army of the United States Colonies Artemus Ward Esq. Charles Lee Esq. Phillip Schuyler Esq. Israel Putman Esq. Major- Generals Pomeroy Esq. Richard Montgomery Esq. David Wooster Esq. Brigade Generals (Ordered that a detail) of one Subaltern, one Sergeant, one Corporal and 20 Privates mount guard this evening at 7 o'clock, at the Battery, New York. They will bring with them one day's provisions and to have five centinels. An officer will be appointed to show them their posts and give them their orders. Return of such necessaries as are wanting for the accommodation of the troops encamped to be brought to General Schuyler as soon as possible. As it is not certainly known how suddenly the service of the troops may be required, hoped and expected, they will be ready to turn out and form at the head of the encampment at the shortest notice. The generous men who have taken up arms in their country' s cause will not permit an insidious enemy to surprise them. "A return to be given in to-morrow of each Regiment, particularly of their effective persons, the absent and sick, what number of carpenters, wheelwrights, Blacksmiths and Gunsmiths, a return of the state of the arms and ammunition. The capts and officers commanding companies to deliver all such arms as stand in need of repairing to the Regemental Quartermaster who will apply to all the gunsmiths in 664 The American Historical Register. town to repair the same agreeably to the orders of the Provincial Congress here with delivered Capt Daniel Dimon of Coll Waterbury' s Regiment, is appointed by General Schuyler to be Brigade Major and as such to be obeyed by the troops." " General Orders, New York, July 1, 1775. "Parole, Montgomery. "That the Regimental Qr master call on Mr Peter Cortenius Commissary of stores (for) such a number of bell tents as the Brigade Major shall order. That none of the soldiers on pain of being punished for disobedience of orders presume to come into town in which small Pox is in many places. " Regimental Orders, New York, July 2, 1775. " It is ordered that the drum Major beat the Sergt Call at 2 o clock afternoon at the front of the 5th Regiment every day and is express orders that the Orderly Sergt. of each Company attend at said time to take orders that the Commanding Officers may have the benefit thereof and to answer for the neglect thereof. " David Waterbury Jr. Coll." "Regimental Orders, New York, July 2, 1785. " It is ordered that the Qr master of the 5th Regiment do draw of the Com missary of said Regiment as much Rum per day as three pints of Beer is worth to each man when Beer can not be had. "Byrne David Waterbury Jr. Coll." "New York, July 3, 1775. "To Lieut David Put of Capt Read's Company. " You are hereby ordered to your tent for being suspiciously guilty of introducing and carrying on a meeting among the soldiers of the 5th Regiment." "General Orders, July 3, 1775. Coll Waterbury, ' ' Field Officer of the day. " The officer of the day to visit the Guard at 1 1 o clock and 6 o clock. "The main guard in Camp to consist of 1 Capt. I Subl. 2 Sergts. 2 Corpl. I Drummer I Fife & 60 Privates. The Corporal of the guard to give orders to the centries not to let any person whatever come into the Camps without a permit from some commissioned officer, and suffer neither Soldiers nor others to go into any lot under their view, and to take particular care that the Soldiers pull down no fence nor ruin any railes, to be careful that no fires are made for cooking only in the rear of the Regiment the Sentries to be visited every two hours in the night by the Capt or the Subaltern of the Guard to see that they are about — The Capt of the Guard to go the grand rounds at 12 o clock at night, and the Subaltern the Petit Rounds at 2 o clock in the morning, the Capt of the Guard to make a Riport every morning to the officer commanding in Camp giving an account of all occurrences that have happened during his tour of duty in which he must mention whether the rounds went according to orders, and report the names of all Prisoners ; of what Regiment and Company they belong to, and also their crimes and how many days confined and by whom. A list of the Prisoners to be made out and delivered over to the Relieving Officer every morning exactly corresponding with the morning report. One Subaltern to visit the Cookeryjevery day at 11 o clock to see that the Soldiers cook their victuals well especially their peas. Genl. Wooster's Guard to observe the rules given them at Greenwich : This Copy to remain with the officers at the main guard." Colonel Aaron Barlow's Book of Orders. 665 "Regimental Orders, New York, July 3, 1775. " Tis Ordered that a Roll be given of the names of officers soldiers and dignity of each Company belonging to the 5th Regiment this day. Tis expected that the streets of each Company be cleaned after breakfast." " General Orders, New York, July 3, 1775. By General Wooster, "Col Ward, Field officer of the day. ' ' Twenty privates to be added to the main guard. All the troops not on duty to exercise from 5 o clock to 7 in the morning and from 4 to 7 in the evening. The Capt of the Guard to order a corporal and a file of men to patrol the streets of the Camp immediately after Beating of the Tattoo, and to make Prisoners of all persons not belonging to the Camp. The officers of each Company to exercise and see that the Soldiers guns are not loaded before they exercise." " Regimental Orders, New York, July 3, 1775. " It is ordered that a victualing return be made this day to the Qr. master from the sevral Companies of the 5th Regiment that they may raise three days provisions •on the 4th July, one day fresh and two days salt of all species beginning on the 4th and ending on the 7th day instant both days included. "By David Waterbury Jr. Coll." " General Orders, July 5, A. D. 1775. Major Hobby, " Parole Washington. " Field Officer of the day. " The Capt of the Guard to suppress all noise in the camp after Tattoo, all firing •of guns either in or without hearing of the Camp is strictly forbid without orders of the field officer of the day. Guard as usual. ' ' "General Orders, July 7, 1775, Col. Waterbury, "Parole Elizabeth town. "Field Officer of the day. " A general Court martial to be held to-morrow morning at 9 o'clock to try such prisoners as shall be brought before them. Coll Ward, President. The members to consist of Capts. Provided there be a sufficient number in the camp, if not deficiency to be supplied by Lieuts. Guard as usual. In the orders for exercising the troops it was expected that the officers would exercise themselves, as belonging to that body." ¦"Regimental Orders, New York, July 9, 1775. "It is ordered that the Regimental Court Martial be held on the ioth inst. to be held between the hours of 9 in the morning and three in the afternoon, consisting of one Capt and four subalterns belonging to the 5th Regiment, to try such as shall be' brought before them belonging to the 5th Regiment. Capt. Matthew Mead President ¦of said Court — The members of said Court to be those in their tour of duty to be warned by the adjutant." " New York, July 9, 1775. " It is ordered that the Qr master of the 5th Regiment do forthwith collect in all the axes and spades and pick axes belonging to the said Regiment, and deal out to •each company in said Regiment two axes and two spades for their use and take the Capt Receipt for the same and let none go without. " David^Waterbury Jr. Coll.' ' " New York, July 10, 1775. " This day upon the desire of Charles Webb, Jun. adjutant, he hath full dis charge from the 5th Regiment belonging to Connecticut forces. "By me David Waterbury J. Coll." 666 The American Historical Register. " General Orders Col Ward, ' ' Parole Milford. Field officer of the day. Guard as usual. " Both officers and soldiers are to take good special care that they hurt no man's Property by going through their lots, or pulling down their fences, or destroying their rails. No soldier is to go to the southward of the Dore Tavern without a written permit from the General , or Coll Waterbury on penalty of being punished for breach of orders. ' ' " Camp in Harlem, July 19, 1775. 1 'To the Commissary. You are to deliver to Lieut. Stephens six gills of Rum it being for himself and five more on fatigue. " By me David Waterbury Jr. Coll." ' ' Whereas the .Continental Congress have appointed the 20th day of instant July, which is to morrow, to be celebrated as a solemn fast throughout the continent of America it is Recommended both to the officers and soldiers of our camp seriously to reflect on the melancholy situation of American affairs that calls us to arms. "General Orders, July 20th, 1775. " Parole Princeton. Col Whiting, "field officer of the day. ' ' Guard as usual Col Waterbury is to hold his Regiment in readiness to march as soon as possible. Lieut Davis Put of Capt Zalmon Read's Company discharged from the Regiment this the 22 day of July A D 1775." Regimental Orders, Half Moon, Aug., 1775. [A Regimental Court Martial, Capt. Doolittle, president. — Editor.] " General Orders, Camp Ilandere, Sept 15, 1775. " Parole Canada. " For to-morrow, " Major Gansevool (voort?) "The General Court Martial whereof Col Waterbury is President is dissolved, William Nairn Corporal in Motts Company and McDougalls Regiment charged with leaving his post and attempting the life of Major Letisity is acquitted, and ordered to be discharged from his confinement. James Berry a soldier in Wisconsets Company and same Regiment charged with cocking and presenting his firelock at Lieut Houston is convicted to receive thirty nine lashes. Patrick Toy (Joy?) a soldier in Willetts Company and same regiment with running away supposing he was pursued by the enemy and throwing away his firelock, and confessed is ordered to be kept to fatigue continually during the Campaign Humphries Corkins, a soldier in the same Company and Regiment charged with robbing Col Waterbury' s store of rum confesses and is fined twenty shillings — ye money only. " Michael McDonald a soldier in Motts Company and same regiment charged with running away from the enemy's Breastwork is ordered to be discharged no evidence appearing against him. Frederick Seaburn, soldier in Weisonscetts Com pany same Regiment charged with cowardice is acquitted and ordered to be discharged. M. Dougherty soldier in the same Company and Regiment charged with disobedience of orders is ordered to be discharged no evidence appearing against him. Daniel Cameron soldier in Graham's Company and Van Skooks Regiment charged with a design against the lives of the Capt and others is ordered discharged no evidence appearing against him. Richard Banks, (Boatswain) William Antimes, Simon Lambertson William Boston Christopher Sherlock Robert Bany Andrew Gray Redy Lary Lawrence Brown George Daniels John Murphy Thomas Brown Colonel Aaron Barlow's Book of Orders. 667 John Dunn sailors on board the sloop Enterprise are acquitted and ordered to be dis charged from their confinement. Eli Rundell Sergeant in Hobby's Company and Waterbury' s Regiment charged with deserting his post in action is acquitted and ordered to be discharged from his confinement. " John Town Sergeant charged with the same crime is convicted and ordered to be reduced to the Ranks. The General approves of the above sentences, and orders them to be forth with put in execution. Capt Livingstons Company of the 5th Regiment of Yorkers to do duty with the First Regiment of Yorkers." " General Orders, Camp Island, Sept 16, 1778. " Parole General Schuyler. " For to morrow "Col Waterbury. " Seth Warner is appointed Lieutenant Col Commandant to the Regiment of Rangers commonly styled Green Mountain Boys, and is to be obeyed as such Capt Mead of Waterbury' s Regiment will command here when the army moves forward he will receive his orders from the General. The several regiments will make returns to Capt Mead of the officers and soldiers which they leave behind. Officers who command working parties are for the future to be very exact in delivering the tools they receive from the artillery as they must be accountable for all such as are lost through carelessness. Three field officers to meet this evening at four o clock at the Presidents tent to examine into a charge made W Lafrance for damage done by the Camp Fitch Surgeons mate to Parsons (who are) to remain here to take care of the sick and wounded. " By order of General Montgomery, "John Macpherson, aid de camp." JOHN FENWICK IN ENGLAND. BY CLARENCE W. TAYLOR. Previous to establishing the first English colony on the Delaware river, Governor John Fenwick played no unimportant part in one of the greatest historical events that ever happened in England. He was commissioned as major of Cavalry, January 13, 1648, to be in attendance with his squadron, and, in con junction with the Foot troops under the command of Colonel Hacker, Colonel Hemeks and Lieutenant-Colonel Thayer, to protect the scaffold during the execution of Charles I., which was done January 30, 1649. In Vanderbank's famous painting of the Execution of Charles I., the leader of the Cavalry is clearly shown, of which the illustration herewith is a fac-simile, slightly enlarged, and is the only known portrait of Governor Fenwick. The copy of another commission of Cromwell reads as follows : , — ' — , Your are hereby ordered and required to command as Major under -J seal \ Colonel Thomas Barwis in his Regiment of Horse, which was lately ' — , — ' raised in the County of Westmoreland, and is to assist the garrison of Carlisle. You are to exercise the officers and soldiers under your command according to the discipline of war. And are hereby required to yield obedience unto you as Major of said regiment. And all this you are authorized only until the pleasure of the Parliament or the Lord Gen'l be known. Given under my hand and seal at Bernard Castle the 25th of October, 1648. O. Cromwell. To John Fenwick, Major of Horse. Appointment of John Fenwick Major of Cavalry by Oliver Cromwell. So much confidence was placed in Fenwick that, September 4, 165 1, he was commissioned by John Bradshaw, president of Parliament, as captain of a troop of Horse to be raised from volunteers and act as a special guard to Parliament. This loyalty to Cromwell is the more noteworthy, from the fact that Fen- wick's father was Sir William Fenwick, a Baronet, who repre sented the county of Northumberland in Parliament, and John Fenwick himself was styled Knight and Baronet in a deed executed by him July 8, 1636. After the accession of Charles IL, Cromwell's adherents were not very influential in the MAJOR JOHN FENWICK. Reproduced from an engraving of Vanderbank' s painting of the Execution of Charles I. 670 The American Historical Register. positions of trust in the gift of the Sovereign, and many left the country. On March 18, 1673, John Fenwick purchased from Lord Berkeley the one-half of New Jersey for the consideration of .£1000, presuming that the conveyance would carry proprie tary rights to establish any form of government on the land not in conflict with that of other English colonies. Governor An dros, who received letters patent from Charles II. for the gover norship of New York State, as well as New Jersey, August 18, 1668, began to annoy Fenwick soon after his arrival at Salem in the Griffin, on June 23, 1675. On December 8, 1676, he was arrested the first time for assuming the position of governor of Western New Jersey, taken by force to New York City, and imprisoned for ten months. After many indignities he was released and returned to Salem. Again, on May 22, 1678, the Council of New York issued an order for Major Fenwick to forbear forming a government in Western New Jersey; and on July 14, 1678, he was arrested by an armed force, taken from Salem to New Castle, Del., and thence to New York City by land, and imprisoned three months. The warrants for his apprehension gave him the military title which he held when in command of the Cavalry at the execution of Charles I. The insults and annoyances tended to cause the death of Fenwick in December, 1683, but not until a general assembly, of which Fenwick was a member, had been elected in West Jersey and formulated such a government for the colonies on the east side of the Delaware as he had desired. LAWRENCE. SOME COLONIAL FAMILIES. LAWRENCE OF LONG ISLAND. Few American families have suffered more than this well-known New York family from the perpetuation of tra ditional error in regard to its history. Page after page has been printed recording mythi cal family legends, while ma terial for a true and creditable history lay ready to hand, but utterly neglected. The writer hopes to remedy this neglect in a forthcoming publication,* and in the meanwhile furn ishes this brief sketch for The Historical Register's series of Colonial Families. In 1880 the parish register of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England (from which town it was known the Lawrence brothers came), was discovered. Through the courtesy of Mrs. Frank Alden Hill I am able to give authentic dates from its pages, which were obtained by her late husband in his successful inves tigation of the legend of the Lawrence-Townley fortune.f By these, it appears that the earliest ancestor of the family, so far ascertained, was William Lawrence of St. Albans, who married, November 25, 1559, Katerin Beaumont. His grandson, Thomas Lawrence was of the same place. He was born in 1559, and married, October 23, 1609, Jone, daughter of Walter and Jane, or Joan, Anterbus (Antrobus). Their surviving children were : I. Jane, bapt. December 18, 1614; II. John, bapt. July 26, 1618; III. Thomas, bapt. March 8, 1619-20; IV. William, bapt. July 27, 1622; V. Marie, bapt. April 10, 1625. * " The Thomas Book," H. T. Thomas Publishing Company, New York City, containing also a Lawrence genealogy. t See "The Mystery Solved," Joel Munsells' Sons, Albany, N. Y. 1888. 672 The American Historical Register. The last was a posthumous child, as her father died March 20, 1624-25. There is little known of the history of the family in England, aside from these dates; but from various indications it would seem that they were of the upper middle class, and fairly well to do. Three or four years after her husband's death, Mrs. Lawrence married, secondly, John Tuttell, a mercer, of Ipswich. April 2, 1635, the family emigrated to New England, sailing from London on board the ship Planter, Nicholas Travice, master. In the party, besides Tuttell, his wife and four children, the eldest, Abigale, being six years old, there were Mrs. Tuttell's mother, Joan Anterbus, her children by William Lawrence (except Thomas, who came over later), her son-in-law, George Giddins, husband of Jane Lawrence, and four servants. The young people established themselves in the new country ; but Tuttell and his wife, some years afterwards, removed to Carrickfergus, Ireland, where the latter was living as late as 1689. Marie Law rence has not been traced. George Giddins, or Giddings, became a representative in 1641, and held office some eight years. The Lawrence brothers do not appear to have made them selves prominent in Massachusetts, but found their stay there not unprofitable, one may judge, from the position they occupied in the Dutch colony immediately upon their removal thither. The commendatory letter Governor Endicott wrote for John Law rence, in 1658, also testifies to their standing amongst the Puri tans. Naturally, as the eldest, he became the more prominent in their new home. During the Dutch ascendency he was a burgher and merchant in New Amsterdam. Although on good terms with the Manhattaners, and described in a time of uncer tainty by Governor Stuyvesant as well affected to the Dutch, he kept his loyalty to England, and, on the capture of the city by Colonel Nicolls, he was appointed, June 12, 1665, one of the first body of aldermen. Afterwards he was elected to this office a number of times, and, in 1691, was mayor of the city. He was also of the Governor's Council, March 27, 1691, one of the jus tices of the Supreme Court of the colony, April 20, 1693, and generally active in the troubled politics of the time. He opposed Leisler's rebellion, and was deposed from the council for opposing Governor Bellomont. He died in December, 1698, his long will Some Colonial Families. 673 being proved January 7, 1698-99, Susannah, his widow, being executrix. Although he had three sons, his issue soon became extinct in the main line. The date at which his second brother, Thomas Lawrence, emigrated is not known; but we find him a patentee of Middle- burgh, or Newtown, on Long Island, in 1645. In 1678 the tax list records him as Captain Lawrence, possessing forty acres of land, thirty cows, ten horses, twenty sheep and twelve swine, and he seems to have made his residence in that town. In 165 1 he had attained sufficient prominence to be sent on some sort of an official mission to the New England colonies, being arrested at New Haven, August 24 of that year, " having money belong ing to Governor Stuyvesant, but claimed by New England." August23, 1665, he was licensed "to purchase of the Indyans a little island near Helgate called Round island of about 8 or 9 acres of land." This purchase was disputed by William Hallett in 1667, but confirmed by the Governor. Probably it was out of this quarrel that the bitter feud between the two families grew. Traces of it can be found on the court records of the colony as late as March 6, 1706, when William, eldest son of Thomas Lawrence assaulted George Hallett, of Newtown. December 1 2 of the pre ceding year, the four sons of Captain Lawrence cut down the fence of William Hallett with axes. This generation of the family seem to have been rather " high strung," as a Southerner would express it. William Lawrence having been appointed of the Governor's council as "an honest understanding man of good estate" by Governor Bellomont January 16, 1700-01, availed himself of his privileged position, and by high-handed proceedings aroused such opposition that Lord Cornbury writes August 10, 1706, he had been forced to dismiss him from the council with the consent of all its members. He declares "that he had borne with Law rence upwards of three years in many irregularities." Among which he names assaulting a man upon the highway, and with others incited by him committing a riot. Thomas Lawrence, the emigrant, was of Leisler's party and received from him a commission as major of Horse in Queens county December 24, 1689. His will was proved April 25, 1703. His eldest son, William, as we have seen, was a councillor and 674 The American Historical Register. died in 1732. Another son, John, was a captain of Horse, and Daniel, a cornet, both commissioned by Governor Lord Bello mont. Among the descendants of Thomas Lawrence was John Lawrence, the great merchant of the eighteenth century in New York City. In partnership with Lawrence Kortwright he engaged very actively in privateering, sending out the Wheel of Fortune, the Harlequin, the Tartar and others. He died in 1 764, and his funeral sermon was preached by the celebrated George Whitefield before a large assembly in the Presbyterian meeting house. Others of note were Nathaniel Lawrence, Attorney- General of New York, 1792-95 ; Jonathan Lawrence, major in the Revolution ; Jonathan, his grandson, author of the " American Eagle," etc. Abraham N. Lawrence, president of the New York and Harlem Railroad, 1836 collector of the Port, etc. William Beach Lawrence, governor of Rhode Island and the leading American writer on international law, and by marriage the late Bishop Kip, of California, and James A. Hillhouse, author of "Hadad, a Drama," and other poems. William Lawrence, the youngest of the emigrants, from St. Albans, was on Long Island at least as early as October io, 1645, when with his brother John he was one of the original incorporators of Vlissingen, or Flushing. This town became the family seat and a branch still resides there. In 1655 he was oi the Board of Magistrates, and the following year was elected by the council presiding magistrate. He appears to have led the people of Flushing in their opposition to their minister, the Rev. Francis Doughty, his wife from one account destroying the con tract for his salary by using it for pie paper. In 1665 he was commissioned a captain of the Flushing Foot Company. August 31, 1673, he was appointed sheriff, and September 14, 1675, a justice of the North Riding. About April, 1680, he died leaving no will but a large estate, the inventory valuing it at upwards of ^4500, and occupying sixteen pages of the court register. He was married twice, his. first wife's name being unknown. His second, whom he married by license dated March 4, 1664, was the celebrated Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Smith, who married secondly Philip Carteret, governor of New Jersey, and married thirdly Colonel Richard Townley, of Elizabeth, in Jersey, who afterwards was of the Governor's council in New York. By Some Colonial Families. 675 his first wife Captain Lawrence had two sons, William and John. The former was one of Leisler's councillors, a major, and like his cousin of Newtown active in the turbulent politics of the time, and in the disputes over land incident to a first settlement upon it. Curiously enough in 1703, he had a quarrel of this sort with John Embree, whose descendants at the end of the century married into the Lawrence family. John Lawrence, the second son, was of the Governor's council in 1702, but does not appear to have taken a prominent part in the affairs of the province. Of the children of the second marriage of Captain William Lawrence, Mary, the eldest daughter, married James Emott, secretary of the New Jersey province. Thomas and Samuel died young, their gravestones may be seen in the rear wall of the First Presbyterian Church at Elizabeth, New Jersey, being the most ancient in that cemetery. Joseph Lawrence, the eldest son, must have been born between 1665 and 1668 and was commissioned an ensign in the fall of 1684. So far as known this was the only office held by him and he seems to have led the quiet life of a country gentleman for over sixty years at Flushing. By one act, however, he left a legacy of trouble to his descend ants which has not even now run its course. At a date unknown he married a lady of the Christian name of Mary, as appears from the census of Flushing in 1698. Unbroken family tradi tion declares that her surname was Townley and usually pro ceeds to place her upon the family tree of the well-known Lancashire family of that surname. Unfortunately for the pur poses of a modern genealogist it does not deign to furnish any documentary or other proof of this affiliation. Personally, I have no doubt, tradition is correct as to the name, and that she was in all probability a daughter of his step-father, Colonel Richard Townley, of the Jerseys. The register of the First Pres byterian Church of Elizabeth, N. J., by whose pastor they were probably married, has been burned, and there appears to be no paper extant which would identify the wife. Of course this connection with the Townleys, while no doubt the origin of the legend of a Townley fortune to be inherited by the Lawrences, does not really show anything of the sort ; the English family having no lack of heirs down to this century, and Colonel Richard Townley having a number of sons. Joseph Lawrence 676 The American Historical Register. died in April, 1759. His wife was living in 1754 when he made his will. From the eldest son, Richard, said to have been born in 1 69 1, who married April 6, 1717, Hannah, daughter of Samuel Bowne, through her grandmother, a cousin of Governor John Winthrop of the Massachusetts Bay colony, descends the writer in the fourth generation. Prominent among the descendants of this line of the Law rences may be named Watson E. Lawrence, whose tombstone is in Trinity churchyard near the vestry door. The late John W. Lawrence, of Flushing, whose granddaughter is the poetess Danske Dandridge, of Virginia. Cornelius W. Lawrence, mayor of New York City, etc. Joseph Lawrence, of Providence, father of Marine Insurance in Rhode Island. Joseph Rodman Drake ; James L. Houghteling, founder of the Brotherhood of St. Andrew, and the great drug firm of Schieffelin & Company, of New York City. Lawrence Buckley Thomas, D. D. MATOR-GENERAL MIFFLIN. THOMAS MIFFLIN, AMERICAN PATRIOT. Born in Philadelphia, 1744. Died in Lancaster, Pa., January 20, 1800. Member of the Continental Congress; Aid-de-camp to General Washington ; commissioned Brigadier-General in the Con tinental Army May 19, 1776, and Major-General February 19,1777; Member and President United States Congress ; Member of the Constitutional Convention ; Member and I President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsyl- r vania ; thrice elected Governor of Pennsylvania. CELEBRATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS. The Society Sons of the American Revolution : new jersey. The State Society held its annual meeting and banquet in Newark, December 25. A resolution indorsing the action of the President of the United States was submitted by Gen. James F. Rusling, who moved that it be adopted. The motion was hailed with clapping of hands. The resolution was adopted, but not unanimously, for Philip H. Hoffman, of Morristown, and Cyrus Peck, of Newark, declared that the Society ought not to adopt such a resolution, and this sentiment was voiced in half a dozen scattering noes, heard when the chairman put the motion to adopt. At the afternoon session Mr. John Whitehead, president, delivered his annual address. As chairman of the committee on additional meetings, Franklin Murphy submitted a report in which it was said that it was difficult to maintain interest in the Society in holding meetings but once a year. The commit tee recommended that four meetings be held every year, and in order to make these intended meetings as near quarterly meetings as possible, the committee had selected three dates, other than the annual meeting on December 26, to commemorate the battle of Trenton. These dates were April 19, battles of Lexington and Concord; June 28, battle of Monmouth, and October 19, surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown. The same com mittee advocated the formation of chapters in various parts of the State. The recommendations of the committee were adopted and four meetings will be held in 1896, on the dates mentioned. As chairman of the Com mittee on Extension of Membership, John J. Hubbell reported that by sending out printed circulars the committee had secured about fifty new members. The report of the treasurer, Frederick Frelinghuysen, was then • submitted and adopted. According to the report, there was on hand last year a balance of $50.63. During the year $1 103 had been received and $646.46 had been expended, leaving a cash balance of $507.17. G. Wisner Thorne, as secretary, reported that forty-four members had been elected by the board of managers, that there had been four deaths during the year, and that there had been a number of transfers and resignations. The total membership was 325, he reported. Mr. Murphy moved that the State Society give the National Society a proportionate share of the expense of publishing a year book, with the names of every member of all the State societies, and that one of these year books, when published, should be given to every member of the local Society. Action to this effect was taken. The following officers were elected for the year : President, John W. White head, Morristown ; vice-president, Franklin Murphy, Newark ; secretary, Celebrations and Proceedings. 68 1 G. Wisner Thorne, Newark ; treasurer, Frederick Frelinghuysen, Newark ; registrar, John Jackson Hubbell, Newark ; historian, W. S. Stryker, Trenton ; chaplain, Rev. Lyman W. Allen, Newark ; board of managers, Theodore Coe, Newark ; P. H. Hoffman, Morristown ; E. O. Doremus, East Orange ; G. W. Ketcham, Newark ; A. W. Biray, Newark ; Walter Chandler, Eliza beth; Joseph G. Ogden, Elizabeth, and W. S. Nicholas, Newark. William H. Murphy was elected as delegate-at-large to the National Convention, and Walter Chandler, Charles Burroughs and Walter W. Nichols were elected as delegates. The resolutions of sympathy for Cuba, adopted by the Ohio and Wash ington societies, will be considered by a committee to consist of the president as chairman and five other members to be appointed by him. A report will be made at the next meeting. At the banquet in Ovaton Hall Mr. Whitehead presided. The principal speakers were Gov. John W. Griggs, Rev. Dr. W. S. Crowe, A. W. Tenney, of Brooklyn, and J. Frank Fort. Many Daughters were present to hear the address. NEW YORK. *#* The Empire State Society celebrated the one hundred and nine teenth anniversary of the battle of Princeton by holding their fourth annual banquet at Delmonico's, in New York City, January 3. President Chauncey M. Depew, seated under an arch of American flags, presided, and among those at the same table were Mayor Strong, Gen. Horace Porter, Edward T. Bartlett, Admiral Henry Erben, Senator Orville H. Piatt, of Connecticut ; Warner Miller, Mayor-elect Josiah Quincy, of Boston, and Gen. Bolet Pedraza, ex-Minister to this country from Venezuela. When the applause that greeted Dr. Depew's speech of welcome had ceased, Prof. William M; Sloane, of Princeton University, rose to respond to the toast of " The Battle of Princeton." Senator Piatt, of Connecticut, spoke to " The Growth of an Idea." The other speakers were John Winfield Scott, who responded to the toast "Venezuela;" Warner Miller, who spoke on "The Marriage of the Oceans;'' Mayor-elect Quincy, of Boston, who told about "A City of Patriots;" Gen. Porter to "Washington in the Princeton Campaign ;" St. Clair McKelway to " Patriotism as a Fine Art;" Charles S. Hamlin to " The Monroe Doctrine," and John A. Taylor to " The Patriots of 1896." NEW HAMPSHIRE. *#* The annual meeting of the State Society will be held April 22. The regular quarterly meeting was held at Concord, January 8. OREGON. \* At the meeting of the Portland Historical Society, December 16, Col. Thomas M. Anderson, U. S. Army, vice-president of the National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and the president of the Oregon Society, delivered an address on " Patriotic Societies," explaining their organization and purpose. TENNESSEE. \* The Society met January 8, in Nashville. On motion of Mr. Lindsley the Secretary was instructed to begin correspondence with other 682 The American Historical Register. patriotic societies with a view of jointly participating in the Tennessee Cen tennial. Dr. E. E. Hoss moved that the Secretary be instructed to write to J. E. Washington and ask him to use his influence to secure a $40,000 appropriation to erect a monument for Revolutionary soldiers of Maryland. Carried. Officers were elected as follows : President, Dr. D. C. Kelley ; vice-president, Col. A. S. Colyar ; secretary and treasurer, J. A. Cart- wright. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. *x* A meeting of the Society was held January 8, at Builders' Exchange Hall, Washington. There was a large attendance. Dr. G. Brown Goode presided, and addresses on subjects of particular interest were delivered by Dr. J. L. M. Curry, Dr. Herbert Friedenwold, of Phila delphia, Senator Hansbrough and Representative Brummell. At a subse quent meeting at the Ebbitt House, Mr. G. Brown Goode presiding, resolu tions offered by Gen. Orlando B. Wilcox were adopted commending the course of President Cleveland in upholding the Monroe doctrine in the case of the Venezuelan boundaries, and declaring that the prompt and patriotic action of the House of Representatives evinces that the spirit of '76 and of the War of 181 2 is aroused in this nation against British or other European or other monarchical aggression in this hemisphere, and commending the advice of Washington, " In time of peace prepare for war," as the best means to insure a speedy recognition of the Monroe doctrine, which we recognize as the keystone of safety to all American republics. Prof. Simon Newcomb made an interesting address on "Patriotism," and speeches applauding the President's message were made by Representatives Eddy, ot Minnesota ; Hill and Henry, of Connecticut, and Brewster, of New York. MASSACHUSETTS. *^* The Boston Chapter and the Boston Tea Party Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution united in celebrating the one hundred and twenty-second anniversary of the Boston Tea Party at the Old South Meeting House, Boston, December 16. Mr. W. D. Richards, president, presided. The president of the State Society, E. C. Barrett, made a few remarks. Rev. W. E. Batton, D.D., delivered the address of the evening upon the historic event of the Boston Tea Party. Mme. Anna von Rydingsvard, regent of the Daughters of the American Revolu tion, made a short address in behalf of the Society, and Mr. W. K. Watkins gave a few recently discovered facts regarding the doings of tradesmen of Boston at the time of the anti-tax movement. The Boston Chapter held a meeting at the American House, Boston, January 8. About twenty-five of the members were present. The only business that was done was the appointing of Mr. Edward Webster McGlenen as historian and the admit ting of two members. Mr. George Ernest Bowman presided. It was announced that at the next meeting, which is to be held on February 14, Mr. Edward Webster McGlenen will deliver his illustrated lecture on "Paul Revere' s Ride." Celebrations and Proceedings. 683 *#* A local chapter, to be known as Old Middlesex Chapter, was formed, January 11, with twenty-two members. Officers were elected as follows : President, Charles E. Adams ; secretary, Walter W. Johnson ; registrar, Dr. M. G. Parker; historian, J. F. Savage. OHIO. *#* The officers of the State Society met January 10, in Columbus, to consider a plan of union with the Sons of the Revolution. MINNESOTA. *x* This subject of union with the Minnesota Sons of the Revolution was brought up at a meeting of the Board of Managers, December 1 1 , in the- Chamber of Commerce, a communication having been received from the Sons of the Revolution asking that the subject be referred to a Joint Com mittee and that efforts be made to bring about the union. All the managers were in favor of amalgamation, and the following resolution offered by Capt. Grant, of Sandstone, was adopted : Whereas, the Minnesota Society of the Sons of the Revolution has notified our society of the appointment of a committee for the purpose of endeavoring to arrange for the union of the two organizations ; Resolved, That we heartily approve of such union, and desire thatit may be accom plished on such a basis as will be fair and satisfactory to both organizations. Resolved, That a committee of three members be appointed by the chair to confer with the committee heretofore appointed by the Sons of the Revolution, and that the Joint Committee be requested to confer together as speedily as possible with the object of being able to make a report to our society at its annual meeting on the 26th inst. Ex-Senator McMillan was appointed chairman of this committee. Capt. Grant resigned as registrar of the Society. The annual meeting of the Society was held on December 26, at St. Paul, when the union of the Minnesota Societies of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Sons. of the Revolution was practically effected and new officers were elected as follows : President, S. J. R. McMillan ; honorary vice-president, Albert Edgerton ; vice-presidents, George A. Pillsbury and Gen. John B. Sanborn ; honorary vice-presidents, Alexander Ramsey, C. K. Davis, W. D. Wash burn, Henry P. Upham, Daniel R. Noyes ; secretary, Edwin S. Chittenden; assistant secretary, Winthrop S. G. Noyes ; treasurer, A. A. Doolittle ; registrar, John P. Knowles; historian, William H. Grant. Maj. George B. Halstead, offered a resolution approving the "vigorous, resolute, fearless and patriotic sentiments expressed by President Cleveland in his Venezuelan message.' ' It was laid on the table after an extended discussion. While the Society was in session the Society of the Sons of the Revolution was in session on the floor above, the chief subject of discussion being the pro posed affiliation of the two societies. The work of the committees of con ference lasted until eleven o'clock, when the settlement was finally reached,. and a love feast was held, with addresses by President S. J. R. McMillan, of the Sons of the American Revolution ; President C. P. Noyes, of the Sons of the Revolution, and Bishop M. N. Gilbert. The Sons of the American Revolution passed, without amendment, the resolutions prepared by the 684 The American Historical Register. Joint Conference Committee, which expressed the approval of the union of the societies, favored the affiliation by the making of members of each society members of the other, without payment of dues, and not only urging their co-operation in patriotic celebrations, but urging the affiliation or union of the national societies to which they belong. The Sons of the Revolution amended this conference report by making the members of each body honorary members of the other. This was not entirely satisfactory, but it was finally accepted by both, and hereafter they will co-operate more thoroughly than they have before. Secretary Chittenden in his annual report stated that during the past year 109 new members have been admitted. The National Society Colonial Dames of America : NEW YORK. The regular monthly meeting of the Society was held January 3, at the home of Mrs. Lydig M. Hoyt, Washington square, New York. Mrs. Howard Townsend, president of the State as well as the National Society, opened the meeting with a brief address. In it she reviewed the recent work of the organization and mentioned some of its aims for the future. Permission has been ob tained from the officials at Albany for the Society to collect the old wills which have been accumulating for years at the Court of Appeals, and to have them catalogued and published in book form. After Mrs. Townsend' s address the usual historical paper was read. This consisted of a sketch of the life of Francis Lewis, a signer of the Declaration of Inde pendence, and an ancestor of Mrs. Hoyt, at whose house the meeting was held. MARYLAND. *¥:* The Society gave the first of a series of receptions at its club- rooms, at 407 North Charles street, Baltimore, which were decorated with yellow roses, chrysanthemums and holly, December 16. Mrs. Eugene Blackford headed the receiving party in the absence of Mrs. Von Kapff. The first of the talks on colonial subjects to take place at the rooms of the Society occurred at three o'clock Monday afternoon, December 30, when a most interesting paper was read by Mrs. Albert Sioussat on " French Influ ence in American Colonization." An additional paper was also read, tell ing of the interest and zeal of Mme. De Guercheville, a celebrated wit and beauty of the court, in the colonization and civilization of the acquired terri tory, and in which appeared a curious clue to French influences in the colony of Maryland. This was the direct result of the close friendship and unity of ideas existing between Mme. Guercheville, famed for her virtue as for her wit and beauty, and that most brilliant young statesman of his day, George Calvert. Both papers were rendered still more interesting by the collection of beautiful old illustrations shown in connection with them. The usual afternoon tea followed the reading of the papers. Mrs. Sioussat presided Celebrations and Proceedings. 685 and Miss Charlotte Thompson and Miss Mary Wilcox Brown were in charge of the tea-tables. Others who assisted in receiving were : Mrs. John Ridgely, Mrs. Iredell Iglehart, Miss Margaret Leakin and Miss Winn. There was a large attendance at the annual meeting of the Society at the club rooms, January 2. When the election of officers for the present year took place Mrs. William Reed, first vice-president, called the meeting to order, and the reports of the last year were then read. Afterwards a short address was made by the president, Mrs. von Kapff, in which she spoke of her pleasure at the progress made by the Society in the last twelve months. It is now one of the largest, she stated, and most prominent in the Union, with a membership of two hundred and eighty-five, and with an increasing interest in all affairs connected with it. Mrs. D. Giraud Wright, corres ponding secretary, in her report also spoke of the prominence attained by Maryland in the National Society during the past year, and of the number of chapters formed in other States by women of Maryland ancestry. These chapters have been organized in California, Michigan, Missouri, Wisconsin, Florida, Louisiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Iowa, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Nebraska, Colorado and Minnesota. Of these, the Society of West Virginia was formed during the past summer, with Mrs. Eugene Van Rensselaer as president. Much interest was then taken in the ballot ing which followed, and which resulted in the unanimous re-election of many of the officers of the preceding year. The list as it now stands is composed of president, Mrs. von Kapff ; first vice-president, Mrs. William Reed ; second vice-president, Mrs. Charles Marshall ; managers for three years, Mrs. Henry W. Rogers, Mrs. D. Giraud Wright, Mrs. W. B. Wil son, Mr. Charles D. Fisher, Mrs. Douglas Thomas, Mrs. Austin Jenkins and Mrs Eugene Blackford. ILLINOIS. *ii* The Colonial Dames resident in the State met in Chicago at the residence of Mrs. Samuel H. Kerfoot for the purpose of organization. The following Dames were enrolled as members of the Society : Mrs. Samuel H. Kerfoot, of the Maryland Society ; Mrs. Adlai E. Stevenson, Mrs. Henry M. Shepard, Mrs. Martha Garland W. Trippe, Mrs. Caroline Rose Walker, Mrs. Rose Walker Kennedy, Mrs. William S. Potwin, of the Virginia So ciety ; Mrs. E. A. Otis, of the Georgia Society ; Mrs. Julia Duncan Kirby, Mrs. Henry B. Favill, of the Connecticut Society ; Miss Cornelia Grey Lunt, of the Rhode Island Society ; Miss Maria Stith Johnston and Mrs. Henry S. Robbins, of the Maryland Society. The officers for the ensuing year are : Chairman, Mrs. Samuel H. Kerfoot; first vice-chairman, Miss Cornelia Grey Lurlt ; second vice-chairman, Mrs. Julia Duncan Kirby, of Jacksonville, 111.; secretary, Mrs. Henry S. Robbins; treasurer, Mrs. Martha Garland W. Trippe ; registrar, Miss Maria S. Johnston. DELAWARE. *** The Society meets monthly in the rooms of the Historical Society, Wilmington. At the January meeting a lecture was delivered before the Dames upon Colonial Day. 686 The American Historical Register. NORTH CAROLINA. *£* The Society held its second annual meeting in Wilmington on January i. The meeting was called to order by the President. The re ports of the officers were read. Business matters were discussed and offi cers elected as follows : Mrs. George Wilson Kidder, unanimously elected president ; Mrs. Adam Cempie and Mrs. Clayton Giles, vice-presidents. The term of office of four of the twelve members of the Board of Mana gers had expired and Mrs. J. H. Boatwright and Miss Hannah P. Balles were re-elected and Mrs. George Rountree and Mrs. John B. Broadfoot were elected to fill the vacancies. The Society adjourned at 1.30 o'clock, to meet again from five to seven o'clock P. M., at the home of the Presi dent, to attend a reception given to the Dames by her, in honor of the visiting Dames, Mrs. Lilly and Mrs. Broadfoot. The Board of Managers met on the day following their election to elect from their number two sec retaries, treasurer and historian. Those who had held these offices were unanimously re-elected for another year. The Dames' Literary and Social Club is now fully organized and held its regular meeting at the residence of Judge O. P. Meares, on Friday evening, January 3. PENNSYLVANIA. *¥.* Mrs. Charles C. Harrison presented, on January 21, a portrait of her great-grandfather, Robert Morris, the financier of the Revolution, to the Robert Morris Grammar School, Philadelphia, through the Colonial Dames, who attended and took part in the ceremonies. SOUTH CAROLINA. *#* The Society held its third annual meeting on January 11. The Dames have recently secured a large parlor on the first floor in the Mills House, Charleston, for their exclusive use, and this room was first opened to the Society for their January meeting. It will hereafter be open daily for the use of members, and provided with books, magazines, etc. A dainty lunch or afternoon tea can be served to members at a moment's notice. The monthly meetings of the Society and the fortnightly teas will be held here also. The furniture of the room is quaint and colonial, adding to its interest and beauty. The meeting was well attended. Mrs. C. C. Pinckney resigning the presidency, Mrs. St. Julien Ravenel was elected to succeed her. Mrs. H. E. Young and Mrs. C. Albert Hill were made vice-presidents. Five new managers were elected to fill the vacancies by expiring terms — Mrs. C. C. Pinckney, Miss Susan Pringle, Miss Howe, Miss Charlotte Grimball, Miss Hastie. It was decided that in November the initiation fee would be increased from $2 to $5. After the meeting adjourned a hand some lunch was served in colonial china. The interest in the Society seems to be growing, the membership being now over eighty. Society of " Mayflower " Descendants. — At the meeting of the Board of Directors, held Wednesday, January 8, about twenty new preliminary application papers were favorably acted upon and about eleven final papers of admission, bringing the total membership up to about 120 Celebrations and Proceedings. 687 at the present time. A committee was appointed to submit a design for a flag, of which committee Mr. Francis Olcott Allen, of Philadelphia, is chairman. The Society has been incorporated under the laws of the State of New York,,and a handsome year-book will be issued before the semi annual meeting in May next. Society of the War of 181 2: maryland. so named in commemoration of the victory gained over the British by Gen. Andrew Jackson, at New Orleans, on January 8, 18 15, was observed, Janu ary 8, by the Society, at the Hotel Rennert. Among those present were James Hooper and John Lumberson, who served in the War of 18 12. President Edwin Warfield called the meeting to order and explained the object of the gathering. He also took occasion to speak of the Society generally. The speakers of the evening were William M. Marine, Robert T. Smith, Francis P. Stevens and Commander McCurley, U. S. Navy. MASSACHUSETTS. *#* The annual meeting and dinner of the Society of the War of 1812 in Massachusetts took place, January 8, the anniversary of the battle of New Orleans, at the Boston Athletic Club. The reports of the retiring officers show that the Society has experienced a healthy growth during the year, and now numbers forty members, including five veterans of the war. Several amendments to the by-laws were adopted, and the following-named officers for the ensuing year were elected : President, Dr. Franklin Thoma- son Beatty ; vice-presidents, Dr. Charles William Galloupe, Col. Henry Hastings, Charles Frederick Bacon Philbrook ; treasurer, Amos Binney ; secretary, Joseph Hiram Starr Fearson ; registrar, Hosea Emery Bowen ; executive committee, the President, Secretary and Treasurer ex officio, William Lithgow Willey, Seth Newton Gage, William Meserve Jordan and Rodney Macdonough. Military Society of the War of 1812 : The Society held its annual meeting in the City Hall, New York, January 8, in accordance with the usual custom on the anniversary of the battle of New Orleans — Jacksons Day. The Rev. Morgan Dix was re elected as president for the ensuing year. The Secretary read obituary notices of the late Commo. Henry Bruce and Elias G. Covenhover, of the War of 181 2. He reported that there were but four veterans of the war now alive. 688 The American Historical Register. The Military Order of the Loyal Legion : kansas commandery. The Commandery held its monthly meeting January 2, in Leaven worth, at the National Hotel, when ex-United States Senator John J. Ingalls was dropped from the roll of membership by an almost unanimous vote. It is stated that ex-Senator Ingalls recently wrote the Secretary of the Commandery that he (Ingalls) was especially desirous of being given a membership of the first class in the Order. There was some further correspondence regarding the matter and it is said the Commander wrote a kindly letter to the ex-Senator, in which it was ex plained and set forth that the Loyal Legion of Kansas could not possibly change the membership as requested. It is stated further that Mr. Ingalls replied by note that he desired to be either a member of the first class or none at all. This seemed to leave but one way open to the Commandery, and that was to drop the ex-Senator from the roster. It appears that at the meeting the correspondence alluded to, or at least Mr. Ingalls' portion of it, was brought before the Commandery for its consideration. The matter was not discussed at any great length, as it was plain the elevation contended for could not be made. A vote was taken with the result as already stated. Between forty and fifty members- were present at the time. MINNESOTA COMMANDERY. *#* The Commandery held a reunion at the Hotel Ryan, St. Paul, January 14, 1896, when Gen. James H. Baker read a paper on "Gen. Grant." The Commandery will commemorate the birthday of Abraham Lincoln at the Hotel Ryan, St. Paul, February 12, by a dinner at which ladies are expected. Gen. John Gibbon, U. S. Army, commander-in-chief of the Order, has accepted an invitation to be present, and an informal re ception will be tendered him and Mrs. Gibbon in the parlors of the Hotel Ryan previous to the dinner. Addresses may be expected at the dinner table from Gen. Gibbon, Gen. John R. Brooke, U. S. Army ; Rev. Samuel G. Smith, D. D.; Gen. C. F. Manderson, ex-United States Senator from Ne braska, and Rev. Pleasant Hunter, D. D., and an original poem by Col. Gilbert A. River. ILLINOIS COMMANDERY. *#* Three hundred members met at Kinsley's, Chicago, December 13, at the regular monthly meeting. In the absence of Gen. Walker, Judge Waterman was in the chair as commander. The paper of the evening was read by Col. John A. Grier, ex-chief engineer of the U. S. Navy. It was entitled •• A Sketch of Naval Life." It was a capital paper and called forth round after round of applause. Celebrations and Proceedings. 689 MASSACHUSETTS COMMANDERY. *#* Three hundred and seventy-five members attended the banquet of the Commandery, January I, at the American House, Boston. Junior vice-commander, Chief Engineer Charles H. Manning, presided. Samuel Adams Drake read a short paper on the recollection of the old army in Kansas, with special reference to Grant, Sheridan, and many of the old leaders, as well as to old Fort Leavenworth. IOWA COMMANDERY. *¥r* A stated meeting of the Commandery was held in the Club House, Des Moines, January 14. The paper of the evening was read by Capt. John Q. Adams, entitled " Hold the Fort." OHIO COMMANDERY. *£* The sudden death of Gen. M. D. Leggett, in Cleveland, on Mon day night, January 6, was a great shock to his companions of the Ohio Commandery. It was his fortune to have been conspicuous in many im portant engagements during the war, and to have always acquitted himself with honor. His funeral took place January 9. Gen. J. D. Cox, com mander, delegated the following named to represent the Ohio Commandery : Gen. M. F. Force, Sandusky ; Gen. A. Hickenlooper, Cincinnati ; Col. C. Cadle, Cincinnati ; Gen. James Barnett, Cleveland ; Gen. A. C. Voris, Akron ; Dr. W. C. Jacobs, Akron ; Gen. T. W. Sanderson, Youngstown ; Dr. H. K. Cushing, Cleveland ; Capt. A. W. Fenton, Cleveland ; Gen. J. J. Elwell, Cleveland ; A. J. Ricks, Cleveland ; Capt,, F. A. Kendall, Cleve land; Capt. L. T. Scofield, Cleveland; Gen. A. J. Smith, Cleveland; Maj. P. M. Hitchcock, Cleveland ; Col. G. D. Munson, Zanesville. Society United States Daughters 1776-18 12. The anniversary of the battle of New Orleans was celebrated in New Orleans, January 8, in the evening, by a "patriotic demonstration," under the auspices of the Louisiana State Society, at Washington Artil lery Hall. In the morning delegates from the Society drove in the rain to the unfinished Chalmette monument, carrying flowers and wreaths of greens and a United States flag, loaned by Maj. Ramsey, U. S. Army, which Mrs. M. A. Bailey fixed upon the top of the monument, while Mrs. Graham, Mrs. Tennent and Mrs. Harper decorated the old monument with the floral offerings. The evening exercises at the hall consisted of music and appropriate addresses. The American Catholic Historical Society. — Dr. Lawrence F. Flick, in his address as president at the annual meeting, at the Society's building, 715 Spruce street, Philadelphia, said: As special work for the new year the Society had arranged with Rev. Ferdinand Kittell, of Pitts burgh, to go as archivist to Rome, to copy for the record of the Society, from the library of the Vatican, such new matter as was to be found per taining to the history of the Roman Catholic Church in America. The library of the Society numbers over 8000 volumes and a large number of valuable pamphlets. <5cjo The American Historical Register. Society of Colonial Wars : A regular meeting of the General Council was held at the office of the New York Society on December 19, at which the following General Officers were present : His Excel lency, the Governor-General, the Deputy Governor, Generals for New York, Connecticut, Maryland, Dis trict of Columbia, New Jersey and Vermont ; the Registrar-General, Deputy Treasurer-General, Chap lain-General, Historian-General, Secretary-General and the Deputy Secretary-General. Reports were received from the various State societies, showing a total membership of 1337. Charters were granted to new societies in the States of Minnesota, Ken tucky and California. Mr. Satterlee Swartwout resigned the office ot treasurer-general on account of ill health, and his resignation was accepted. Mr. Edward Shippen was then elected treasurer-general. The announce ment was made with deep regret of the death of Mr. James Mifflin, deputy •governor-general for Pennsylvania. Rev. Dr. C. Ellis Stevens was elected to fill the vacancy, he having resigned the office of chaplain-general. Rt. IRev. John Williams, Bishop of Connecticut, was then elected chaplain- general. J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture, was elected deputy governor-general for the Society in Nebraska, and Mr. Rukard Hurd deputy governor-general for the Society in Minnesota. David May Jones, of Kentucky, and Spencer Roane Thorpe, of California, were also elected deputy governor-generals by their respective State societies. MINNESOTA. x^.* The roll of officers of the recently organized State Society, which received recognition from the General Society, December 20, is as follows : Governor, Rukard Hurd, Esq., St. Paul; deputy governor, Maj. C. B. Sears, corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, Duluth ; lieutenant-governor, Capt. F. W. Roe, 3d U. S. Infantry, Fort Snelling ; secretary, Maj. C. H. Whipple, Pay Department, U. S. Army, St. Paul ; registrar, C. P. Noyes, St. Paul ; gen tlemen of the council, G. H. Doggett and F. B. Chew, St. Paul. MASSACHUSETTS. *x* The third general court was held at the Exchange Club, Boston, on Forefather's Day, December 21. At the business meeting the following resolution was adopted by a unanimous vote : Resolved, That this Society deprecates, in strong and earnest tones, the creation of a feeling of hostility toward England ; that it deprecates that extreme position which would drive to war men of kindred blood of two of the foremost nations in Christen dom, and that it believes that the sentiment which should animate the American people at this time is " Peace on earth, good will towards men." The following-named officers were elected : Governor, Francis Elling- wood Abbot; deputy governor, Arthur John Clark Snowdon; lieutenant- governor, Meriweather Hood Griffith; secretary, Walter Kendall Watkins; Celebrations and Proceedings. 691 deputy secretary, Francis Apthorp Foster ; treasurer, Abijah Thompson ; registrar, James Atkins Noyes ; historian, Walter Gilman Page ; chancellor, Melville Madison Bigelow; surgeon, Myles Standish, M. D. ; chaplain, Rev. George Madison Bodge. A resolution was offered by Mr. Soden providing for the appointment of a committee to consider the advisability of purchasing the old Fairbanks estate at Dedham, and to consult with the Society of Colonial Dames, the Sons of the Revolution and Daughters of the Revolution and other kindred societies regarding the matter. The reso lution was passed unanimously. The following amendment to by-laws was also passed : Flag. — The flag shall consist of the red cross of St. George on a white field, bear ing in the centre the seal of Massachusetts Bay Colony ; Azure, on a mount between two pine trees vert, an Indian affronte or, belted with leaves of the second, holding in his dexter hand an arrow paleways, point downwards, and in his sinister hand a bow pale- ways, of the third; upon a scroll proper, issuing from his mouth, the legend, "Come over and help us :' ' — surrounded by a title scroll, " Sigilum : Gub : et Societ : de : Mat- tachusets : Bay : in : Nova Anglia :" — surmounted by the crown. After business the members sat down to dinner. Governor Abbot presided, and the guests entertained were Attorney-General Knowlton, Capt. Thomas J. Olys, E. P. Seaver, Edward W. Hazewell and Horace G. Allen. All of these gentlemen and others made speeches. VIRGINIA. *** J- Alston Cabell introduced in the Virginia House, December 14, a bill providing for the incorporation of the Society in Virginia. The bill provides that Messrs. Joseph Bryan, Gustavus Adolphus Walker, Virginius Newton, Richard Thomas Walker Duke, Jr., Thomas Boiling, Jr., Edward Carrington Mayo, James Lyons, William James Walker, John Garland Walker, James Alston Cabell and Thomas Nelson Carter, and such other persons as may be associated with them and their successors be consti- stituted and declared to be a body politic, and corporate by the name and style of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Virginia. ILLINOIS. *#* The annual meeting of the Society was held, December 19, at the Great Northern Hotel, Chicago. E. M. Teall presided in the absence of Capt. Philip Reade. The main business was the election of officers, which resulted as follows : Governor, Edward McKinstry Teall ; deputy governor, Samuel Eberly Gross ; lieutenant-governor, Lyman Dresser Hammond ; secretary, Seymour Morris ; deputy secretary, William Ruggles Tucker ; treasurer, Frank Eugene Spooner ; registrar, John Smith Sargent ; historian, Edward Milton Adams ; chancellor, Judge Frank Baker ; chaplain, Rev. James Gibson Johnson, D. D. The Society gave a banquet, January 3, at the Victoria, Chicago. Mr. S. E. Gross is also captain of the Chicago Continental Guard, and has recently been elected to membership in the Huguenot Society of America, by right of descent from Louis DuBois, a French Huguenot, who settled in Eastern New York in 1660, the founder of New Paltz, in Ulster county, and who received large land grants from 692 The American Historical Register. the colonial government, his holding extending from the Shawangunk mountains to the Hudson river. In the early Indian wars, DuBois' wife and two children were carried into captivity by the savages, and DuBois led an expedition which rescued the captives, the whites surprising and vanquishing the captors at the opportune moment, when the wife of DuBois had already been bound to the stake and the fagots piled about. NEW YORK. *#* The following officers were elected at the fourth general court, held at the Hotel Waldorf, December 19 : Governor, Frederic J. de Peyster ; deputy governor, George R. Schieffelin ; lieutenant-governor, James William Beekman ; secretary, Philip Livingston ; deputy secretary, David Banks, Jr. ; treasurer, Arthur M. Hatch ; registrar, Frederick E. Haight ; historian, Abraham B. Valentine ; chancellor, Abraham R. Lawrence ; surgeon, F. Le Roy Satterlee, M. D. ; chaplain, Rev. Alexander Hamilton. An amend ment to the by-laws was adopted, authorizing the appointment of local secretaries in cities where ten or more members are resident. In pursuance thereof the council at its last meeting appointed Edgar C. Leonard, of Albany, as local secretary. There are now fifteen members of the Society in that city. MARYLAND. *¥r* The Society will hold its annual reunion on Colonial Day, March 25, to celebrate the anniversary of the landing~on Maryland soil of Gov. Leonard Calvert and the first Maryland colonist. PENNSYLVANIA. *** The Society will have its third annual dinner, January 28, at the Hotel Belle vue, Philadelphia. The general assembly of the Society will be held in Philadelphia at the Pennsylvania Society's headquarters, Congress Hall, at Sixth and Chestnut streets, in May. The Military Order of Foreign Wars : new york commandery. The annual meeting of the Commandery was held December 12, at the Brevoort, New York City. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year : For commander, Com. David Banks ; vice-com mander, James H. Morgan ; secretary, Robt. Webb Morgan ; treasurer, Geo. Livingston Nichols ; registrar, Dwight Lathrop Elmendorf; judge advocate, Frank M. Avery ; surgeon, Clarkson Crosby Schuyler, M. D.; chaplain, Rev. T. Stafford Drowne, D. D.; deputy secretary, Maturin L. Delafield, Jr. Following the business meeting a reception and banquet was held. Celebrations and Proceedings. 693 Society Sons of the Revolution : OHIO. Secretary A. H. Pugh, of the Ohio Society, received, December 19, the following letter, issued by the Ohio Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, signed by President Wing and Secretary H. P. Ward : Ohio Society Sons of the American Revolution. — At a meet ing of the Executive Committee, held December 13, 1895, the matter of consolidation with the Ohio Society Sons of the Revo lution was taken up and discussed. The replies of members to the circular of October 14, 1895, relative to the matter, were unani mous in expressing a desire for union, and were generally in favor of any plan that would be reasonable and not in conflict with the constitutions of the national bodies. The following resolution was then adopted : "That Messrs. Wing (L. B.), Richardson (J. M.), Aldrich, Randall and Ward (H. P.) be appointed a committee to inform the Ohio Society Sons of ihe Revolution of our approval and ratification of their resolutions of October 19, 1895, and that this com mittee be given full power to act for and in the name of this Society in regard to con solidation.'' The following are the resolutions adopted by the Ohio Society Sons of the Revo lution, October 19, 1895: Resolved, That this society cordially approves of affiliation with its sister organi zation, the Ohio Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, at the earliest possible date, and in the simplest possible manner. Resolved, That we favor affiliation based upon the election to the membership of each Society, without additional initiation fee or annual dues, of all members of the other Society in good and regular standing, whose proofs of eligibility, through lineal descent from a Revolutionary patriot, are mutually satisfactory to the registrars of both societies. Resolved, That we favor the existence of chapters in the leading centres of popu lation, subject to a strong State organization. Resolved, That we hereby empower the officers of this Society, acting within con stitutional limits, to carry into effect the above resolutions, upon such a basis as may be mutually satisfactory to the officers of both societies. Resolved, That we cordially desire the union of all direct descendants of the heroes of the Revolution in one society, and direct our Board of Managers to memorialize the General Society to take such steps as will secure this end. LUCIUS B. WING, President. HARRY PARKER WARD, Corresponding Secretary. *#* The State Society gave a grand subscription ball on the night of December 31, at the Grand Armory Hall, Cincinnati, the proceeds of which will be used in erecting a monument to mark the site of Fort Washington, Cincinnati, at Fourth and Ludlow streets. The Society announces that the continental ball will be repeated December 31, 1896. The ball surpassed all former previous society events in Cincinnati, and will be an event long to be remembered. The total receipts of the ball were $5000, the expenses $4000, leaving a balance in the treasury of but $1000. With such an affair as it was there should have been a balance of at least $10,000. All con cerned were deeply disappointed over the financial failure ; but at the 694 The American Historical Register. suggestion of Gov. Asa S. Bushnell it was decided that the amount neces sary to purchase Francois Choppin's bronze statute of the " Minute Man " should be raised by private subscription, and that before the year 1896 draws to a close it should be placed at the site of old Fort Washington. MINNESOTA. *#.* A meeting of the board of officers of the State Society was held, December 19, in the office of Secretary John Townsend, St. Paul, for the purpose of taking action regarding the plan to consolidate the Sons of the Revolution and the Sons of the American Revolution. The following were present : Rukard Hurd, vice-president ; William B. Dean, Jojm Townsend, secretary; R. B. C. Bement, Maj. C. H. Whipple and T. C. Field. It was decided to call a special meeting of the Sons of the Revolution for Thursday evening, December 26, the same evening as that set for the annual meeting of the Sons of the American Revolution, when the report of the joint com mittee on consolidation could be heard and acted upon by both bodies. Upon this latter occasion the joint committees submitted the following reso lutions, which were adopted by both Societies : The undersigned joint committee of the Sons of the Revolution and Sons of the American Revolution, in the State of Minnesota, appointed by their respective societies to confer with reference to the union of these two organizations, held a meeting this 18th day of December, 1895, and, after careful deliberation, recommended the adoption by the respective societies of the following : Resolved, That this Society heartily approves of the union of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Sons of the Revolution in the State of Minnesota without unnecessary delay. Resolved, That we favor affiliation based upon the election to the honorary mem bership of each Society, without additional initiation fee or additional annual dues of all members of the other Society in good and regular standing, whose proofs of eligibility through lineal descent from a Revolutionary patriot are mutually satisfactory to the boards of managers and registrars of both societies. Resolved, That until the union of the two general societies is effected, we recom mend that the two Minnesota societies shall unite in all ceremonies and celebrations. Resolved, That we earnestly desire the union of all direct descendants of the heroes of the Revolution in one society, and direct our board of managers to memori alize the General Society to take such steps as will secure this end ; and also to instruct our delegates to the next convention or congress of the General Society to take such measures as will accomplish this result. Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to transmit a copy of these resolutions to the secretary of each State society. Charles H. Whipple, Chairman. Edward P. Ingersoll, Edward H. Cutter, Committee, Sons of the Revolution, State of Minnesota. S. J. R. McMillan, Chairman. Albert Smith, James H. Weed, Committee, Sons of the American Revolution, State of Minnesota. When both societies had taken action, the members of the Sons of the Revolution came into the room where the Sons of the American Revolution Celebrations and Proceedings. 695 were assembled, and for half an hour the members mingled together, exchanging congratulations upon the action taken. PENNSYLVANIA. The 119th anniversary of the battle of Princeton was celebrated Friday, January 3, by the State Society by the dedication of a tablet erected on the wall of old St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Third and Pine streets, Philadel phia, in memory of Capt. William Shippin, a Philadelphia officer of the Revolutionary War, who was killed in the battle of Princeton, and whose remains repose in St. Peter's churchyard. The mem bers of the Society assembled at their headquarters, Indepen dence Hall, at 3.30 o'clock, and proceeded to the church, where they were joined by the City Troop, in full uniform, the centre aisle of the church having been reserved for them. The service was conducted by the rector, the Rev. Dr. J. Lewis Parks, and the sermon was preached by the Rev. George Woolsey Hodge. In speaking of Capt. Shippin the chaplain said he was a young patriot of twenty-six years, who, with his company of marines, joined Washington just before the battle of Trenton and was killed at the battle of Princeton. He was first buried in the Friends' Cemetery, at Princeton, and twelve days later his body was brought to St. Peter's churchyard in Philadelphia. The victory of Prince ton was only made possible, he said, by the Philadelphia recruits, the First City Troop and the Marines, under Capt. Shippin. The tablet, which is of white marble and inscribed with old-style letters, has been fixed in the south wall of the church, about midway between the chancel and entrance. The inscription reads : In the churchyard adjoining this church are buried the remains of Capt. William Shippin, who was killed at the battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777, aged 26 years. This tablet is erected to his memory by the Pennsylvania Society of the Sons of the Revolution, A. D. 1896. A reception by the Pennsylvania Society was given December 19, at the Aldine Hotel, Philadelphia. It was the anniversary of the encampment at Valley Forge, and this subject was informally discussed by those present. CALIFORNIA. *** A general meeting of the California Society was held at the Hoff man Cafe, Los Angeles, December 1 1 . During a business session an 696 The American Historical Register. amendment to the constitution was adopted, making it conformable as regards eligibility to membership with the constitution of the National Society. The Secretary's report showed eleven new members since last meeting in June, making the total membership sixty-five. The secretary, Arthur B. Benton, reported that some weeks ago the Society received from Rev. Dr. Smith, since deceased at the age of eighty-seven, an autograph copy of the hymn, "America," probably the last copy penned by the ven erable author. On motion it was ordered that a page in memoriam of Dr. Smith be inserted in the Secretary's record. President H. O. Collins offered a resolution lamenting the death of William Leverett Chase, late president of the Massachusetts Society. At the close of the business session a collation was served, after which addresses were made. Col. S. O. Houghton gave an interesting reminiscence of the organization of the first regiment of New York Volunteers for the Mexican war, of which he was a member, and of his service ih Mexico and California. Among others who entertained the company were: Maj. F. C Prescott, of Redlands ; City Treasurer Hartwell, C. P. Fenner, Capt. J. A. Osgood and Maj. Ben Goodrich. . NEW JERSEY. *x* The annual meeting of the State Society was held at the Princeton Inn, Princeton, January 3. This meeting was to commemorate the battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777. Among the guests were members of the societies of other States, as well as the President of the National Society. At the business meeting the Society offered to place a bronze tablet in front of the old North Church to commemorate the battle of Princeton. Also a plan to place a boulder in Mercer street to mark the spot where the battle of Princeton was fought was discussed. After the business meeting a ban quet was partaken of. C. H. Sinnickson, vice-president, presided. Gilbert Collins, of Jersey City, responded to the toast, ' ' The Sons of the Revolu tion ;" G. D. W. Vroom, of Trenton, " The Battle of Princeton;" Dean Murray, of Princeton College, "Patriotism and Education." TENNESSEE. *x* The State Society held a meeting in the Supreme Court room at the Court House, Knoxville, December 26, in honor of the battle of Tren ton. The Daughters of the American Revolution had been invited to attend and a large number were present. The feature of the exercise was a paper by Rev. Dr. John Frazee on ' ' Ten Critical Days of the Revolution.' ' SOUTH CAROLINA. *** The annual meeting of the State Society was held in South Caro lina Hall, Charleston, December 14, 1895 (the anniversary of the evacua tion of Charleston by the British in 1782), with the president, Col. Christo pher S. Gadsden, in the chair. The proceedings were opened by prayer by the chaplain, Rev. Dr. Johnson, rector of St. Philip's Church. A com mittee was appointed to take steps towards commemorating the important events in the Revolutionary history of Charleston. Counsel was requested Celebrations and Proceedings. 697 to take measures to secure a charter for the Society at the forthcoming session of the State Legislature. The election of eleven new members since the last meeting was reported by the board of managers. Officers for the ensuing year were chosen, as follows : Col. Christopher S. Gadsden, president ; Col. Thomas Pinckney Lowndes, vice-president ; Gustavus S. Pinckney, secretary ; Clarence C. Olney, treasurer ; James G. Holmes, registrar ; Rev. John Johnson, D. D., chaplain ; W. M. Fitch, assistant treasurer. The following board of managers was elected (the officers being members ex officio) : Col. Zimmerman Davis, chairman ; Gen. John Bratton, H. H. Ficken, Hawkins K. Jenkins, Robert G. Dargan, William S. Hastie, William H. Parker, Jr., T. S. Bee, Frank E. Taylor. Delegates were elected to the triennial meeting of the General Society, to be held at Savannah, Ga., April 19-21, 1896. The annual church service of the Society will be held on Sunday, February 23, in commemoration of Wash ington's birthday. NEW YORK. \* The Albany branch of the Philip Livingston Chapter held its second annual banquet, January 15, at the Albany Club ; toastmaster, Maj. Harmon Pumpelly Read. Toasts were responded to by Philip Livingston, Prof. E. W. Wetmore, Dr. Ezra A. Bartlett and George Lawyer. The menu was unique, as all the dishes and wines were prefixed by names of Ameri can heroes — "Paul Revere beans," "Schuyler soup," "Paul Jones salmon," " Israel Putnam brown bread," " Sweet potatoes a la Gen. Marion," etc. Naval Order of the United States : massachusetts commandery. The annual meeting of the Commandery was held, November 11, at Young's Hotel, Boston, and was followed by the annual dinner. The Recorder stated that there were about one hundred members in this State Command ery. The following officers were elected for the year : Commander, Theodore Strong Thompson, paymaster U. S. Navy ; vice-commander, David Betton Macomb, chief engineer (retired) U. S. Navy ; recorder, Amos Binney ; treasurer, Hosea Emery Bowen ; registrar, Franklin Thomason Beatty, M. D. ; historian, William Lithgow Willey, S. D.; chaplain, Rev. Charles Langdon Tappan ; council lors, William Melville Paul, Thomas Amory DeBlois, M. D.; William Boerum Wetmore ; Charles William Galloupe, M. D. ; John Hoffman Col- lamore, John Van Benthuysen Bleecker, lieut.-com. U. S. Navy ; William McCarthy Little, lieutenant (retired) U. S. Navy ; Charles Frederick Bacon Philbrook ; trustee of permanent fund (three years), Charles Calhoun Philbrook. ILLINOIS COMMANDERY. *£* The first annual meeting of the Commandery was held, by special request, at the Chicago Athletic Club, November 9. As this was but the 698 The American Historical Register. second meeting of the Commandery, much of its business was necessarily rudimentary ; but the initial steps were entered into with an interest that bespoke the success of the organization. Commander J. H. Dayton, U. S. Navy, called the meeting to order, after which the minutes of the previous meeting were read, approved and ordered placed on record. The Com mandery then voted unanimously that its officers should be re-elected for the ensuing year. The officers are: James H. Dayton, U. S. Navy, com mander ; Lieut.-Com. E. M. Stedman, U. S. Navy (retired), vice-com mander ; Horatio L. Wait, recorder ; R. S. Critchell, registrar and treas urer ; D. B. Hubbard, acting chaplain. The following gentlemen were elected as the council of the Commandery : L. C. Stebbins, O. B. Damon, D. B. Hubbard, W. L. Orr, John Franklin, C. B. Plattenburg, E. L. Strong, J. J. Sullivan, Eliot Callender. Society United States Daughters of 181 2: A meeting of the General Society was held at the Everett House, New York City, January 8, Mrs. Le Roy Sunderland Smith, historian-general, in the chair. Reports from the various States societies were read and accepted. The Society is organized in eighteen States. The president for the State of Michigan, which is just now forming for active work, is Mrs. Alfred Russell. Seventy Daughters of Michigan honored the memory of Jackson by a dinner at the Russell House, Detroit. Mrs. Edward Roby has been appointed president of the Illinois Society. She attended the meeting of the General Society and her address afforded the greatest pleasure to all present. Mrs. Roby is president of the Ladies of the Grand Army, which is composed of the wives, mothers, sisters and sweethearts of Grand Army men, an organization of 300,000 women. She is also chairman of the Woman's Republican Club, 33d Ward, in Chicago. Mrs. Flora Adams Darling' s address was also most interesting. She told of the constantly increasing work of the Society, the different States in which the work of organization is going on, and spoke of form ing an alliance of the New England States, and selected Mrs. William Gerry Slade for president, as she is the president of the Society of New England Women. Mrs. Louis Warford Hall, the recently appointed presi dent of the Pennsylvania Society, was present, and said that the Pennsyl vania State Society proposed to be organized by February 22. Mrs. Roby suggested sending a set of resolutions, through Secretary Olney, to Queen Victoria, asking her to use her influence to preserve peace between the English-speaking nations. Mrs. Darling was unanimously elected chair man of a committee to frame such resolutions, and Mrs. Rob)' was made a a delegate to carry them to Washington and present them to Secretary Olney. Badges of the Society were to have been presented on behalf of the Society to Mrs. Flora Adams Darling and Mrs. Stephen Adams Webster, who is the senior officer of the Society United States Daughters of 18 12 ; but the presentation had to be postponed, as the badges were not ready. Kentucky is organizing under the efficient president, Mrs. Mary Cabell Celebrations and Proceedings. 699 Richardson. Mrs. A. S. Hubbard, Mrs. Albert Sydney Johnson and Mrs. Fremont have accepted appointments as honorary vice-presidents in Cali fornia. Mrs. William Stewart is vice-president for Nevada ; Miss Emma Goble Lathrop and Miss Adeline Sterling are appointed officers to organize in New Jersey. Besides the officers of the General Society, there were present Mrs. J. Q. Adams, Mrs. William Gerry Slade, Miss Hattie Slade, Miss Emma Goble Lathrop, of Newark ; Mrs. Dr. Volney Everett, Mrs. Louis J. Allen, Mrs. Laura B. Gomperts, Mrs. Bell and Mrs. Thompson. Mrs. George A. Ludin resigned the position of secretary-general, which resignation went into effect at once. Mrs. Ulyses S. Grant, Mrs. James A. Garfield and Mrs. Jefferson Davis are members and honorary directors of this Society. Society Daughters of the American Revolution : Mr. Henderson has introduced a bill in the National House of Repre sentatives to incorporate the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The incorporators named in the bill are : Mrs. John W. Foster, of Indiana ; Mrs. William D. Cabell, of Virginia ; Mrs. Henry V. Boynton, of Ohio ; Mrs. A. W. Greely, of Washington ; Mrs. F. O. Saint Clair, of Maryland ; Mrs. A. Leo Knott, of Maryland ; Mrs. Roger A. Pryor, of New York ; Mrs. G. Brown Goode, of Washington ; Mary Desha, of Kentucky ; Mrs. Stephen J. Field, of California ; Mrs. Thomas Alexander, of Washing ton ; Rosa Wright Smith, of Washington ; Mrs. Hugh Hagan, of Georgia ; Mrs. John Risley Putnam, of New York ; Mrs. George H. Shields, of Missouri; Ellen Hardin Walworth, of New York; Mrs. Marshall MacDonald, of Virginia; Eugenia Washington, of Virginia; Mrs. A. Howard Clarke, of Massachusetts ; Clara Barton, of Washington ; Mary S. Lockwood, of Washington ; Mrs. Teunis S. Hamlin, of Wash ington ; Mrs. Arthur E. Clarke, of New Hampshire ; Mrs. Henry Blount, of Indiana ; Mrs. Randolph De B. Keim, of Connecticut ; Louise Ward McAllister, of New York ; Mrs. Frank Stuart Osborne, of Illinois ; Marie Devereux, of Washington ; Mrs. Joshua Wilbour, of Rhode Island ; Mrs. W. W. Shippen, of New Jersey ; Mrs. N. B. Hogg, of Pennsylvania ; Mrs. Clifton R. Breckinridge, of Arkansas, Mrs. Adolphus S. Hubbard, of California ; Mrs. Charles E. Putnam, of Iowa ; Mrs. Simon B. Buckner, of Kentucky ; Mrs. Samuel Eliot, of Massachu setts ; Mrs. William Wirt Henry, of Virginia, and Elizabeth Blair Lee, of Maryland. The objects of the Society are stated to be " for patriotic, his torical and educational purposes, to perpetuate the memory and spirit of men and women who achieved American independence, by the acquisition and protection of the historical spots and the erection of monuments by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution and the publication of its results ; by the preservation of documents and relics and 700 Ihe American Historical Register. of the records of the individual services of Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and toy the promotion of celebrations of all patriotic anniversaries; to carry out the injunction of Washington, in his farewell address to the American people, ' to promote, as an object of primary importance, institu tions for the general diffusion of knowledge,' thus developing an enlightened public opinion and affording to young and old such advantages as shall develop in them the largest capacity for performing the duties of American citizens ; to cherish, maintain and extend the institutions of American free dom ; to foster true patriotism and love of country, and to aid in securing for mankind all the blessings of liberty." *#* The National Congress of the Society will be held in Washington City, February 22, at the corner of Thirteenth and L streets. Mrs. Joshua Wilbour, of Rhode Island, has been invited by the National Board to re spond to the address of welcome by the president-general, Mrs. Foster. MICHIGAN. *s* The annual meeting and banquet of Louisa St. Clair Chapter was held in the Russell House, Detroit, January 8. Officers were re-elected as follows: Mrs. Eugene Gibbs, regent ; Mrs. John S. Newberry, vice-regent; Mrs. Louis A. Arthur, treasurer; Mrs. J. B. Nichols, registrar, and Mrs. Emory Wendell, secretary and historian. About fifty members partook of the banquet. The ordinary was lighted with wax candles in silver can delabra, and an old-time spinning wheel was a prominent feature of the decorations. The ladies responded to toasts and made speeches. VERMONT. *$.* A meeting of Green Mountain Chapter was held January 6, at the residence of Mrs. Robert Roberts, Burlington. Sixteen members were pre sent and an interesting paper on the Battle of Monmouth was read. OHIO. *#* The Mahoning Chapter, Youngstown, met at the residence of Mrs. Howard B. Hills, December 16. Mrs. R. W. Taylor read an historical paper on the refusal of the Bostonians to pay the tax on tea. *** The Cincinnati Chapter met, January 7, in Public Library Hall. Mrs. William Judkins gave an idea of the work done in the past and that proposed for the future in a short address. Papers were presented on ' ' The Life and Services of Revolutionary Ancestors." The papers were read by Mrs. Norton, Mrs. Greve, Mrs. G. W. Martin, Mrs. H. P. Bradford, Mrs. Hudson, Mrs. McMullen, Mrs. Brent Arnold and Mrs. H. D. Butler. SOUTH CAROLINA. V* A reception to Mrs. John E. Bacon, of Edgefield, the State regent, was given December 12 by Mrs. Rebecca Motte Hamilton Ryan, regent of the Rebecca Motte Chapter, recently organized in Charleston, at her resi dence. The chief feature of the reception was an eloquent address by Mrs. Bacon on the aims and objects of the Order. At the meeting, January 8, at Mrs. Dr. Vedder's, Mrs. Claudine Rhett, the historiographer of the Society, presented and read a paper on "Old Charlestown." Celebrations and Proceedings. 701 MARYLAND. *£* The Society gave a reception December 26, from four to six o'clock, at their rooms on East Franklin street, Baltimore. The Chapter regent, Mrs. Jarvis Spencer, presided and received the guests. The tea table was in charge of Mrs. B. F. Smith, who was assisted by Mrs. Neilson Poe, Miss Camak, Miss Eleanor Freeland and Miss Elizabeth Pennington. The day for special celebration by the Chapter was discussed, and finally the 19th of October, " Peggy Stewart ' ' day, was unanimously adopted. A paper was read by Mr. Andrew Trippe relating to the character of Cecil Calvert as developed in his government of the Colony of Maryland. IOWA. *#* Dubuque Chapter met January 4, with Mrs. Estelle Goodwin Dennis. Miss Rogers, Chapter regent, presided. The meeting was called -to hear a paper read on the " Wyoming Massacre, " which Mrs. Dennis had been requested to prepare. The occasion was of special interest, as Mrs. Bohn and Mrs. Dennis are lineal descendants of Col. John Jenkins, one of the heroes of the fight. GEORGIA. *#* The Mary A. Washington Chapter, Macon, met, January 2, at the residence of Mrs. Mary Ann Washington, when considerable Society busi ness was transacted and officers elected. *#* The Atlanta Chapter met, December 14, at the home of the regent, Mrs. W. M. Dickson. Prof. J. T. Scharf, of New York, read a paper on " The Surrender of Yorktown and the Part Taken by the Women of the Revolution. in that Event." The Atlanta Chapter met, January 1, in the Massachusetts Building, Longfellow Hall, which the Commonwealth of Massachusetts presented to it on December 19 with formal ceremonies. The meeting was, perhaps, the most interesting and important in the history of the Chapter. The building was formally turned over to the ladies by Mr. B. F. Brown, representing the Governor of Massachusetts. At the same time a hand some portrait of Governor Greenhalge, of Massachusetts, was presented. Then followed a series of new year's gifts, so to speak, to the Atlanta "Chapter. Miss Winslow, on behalf of Mrs. Greenhalge, presented to the Chapter the two handsome bookcases which adorned the colonial department -of the Woman's Building. Mrs. Sarah Kennedy presented the carpets and ¦cases in the colonial department of the Connecticut Building. Mrs. A. V. Gude presented sixty-six chairs and some tables, which have been used in her department. Mrs. A. E. Buck tendered the Atlanta Chapter a hand some library containing a large number of excellent volumes. Dr. Fernow, who has been in charge of the forestry department of the Minerals and For estry Building, presented the Daughters with all the handsome ferns and plants which have decorated this tasteful structure. A gavel made of wood taken from a tree growing by the grave of Patrick Henry was another gift by Mrs. McDowell Wood. It was handsomely trimmed in silver. The Atlanta Chapter is the only one which owns its own home. The ladies will shortly 702 The American Historical Register. begin work on locating a site for the permanent home of the Chapter, to which the building will be removed. The location will be convenient and on one of the fashionable thoroughfares of the city. MASSACHUSETTS. *x* The following officers were chosen at the annual meeting of Abigail Wolcott Ellsworth Chapter, Windsor : Regent, Mrs. N. S. Bell ; vice-regent, Mrs. L. B. Loomis ; secretary, Miss Jennie Loomis ; treasurer, Mrs. S. A. Hayden Power ; registrar, Miss Mary E. Hayden Power ; his torian, Miss Mabel E. Cobb. *#* The Mercy Warren Chapter, Springfield, held a reception in the parlors of the Memorial Church Parish House, December 16. The occasion was to celebrate the one hundred and twentieth anniversary of the tea escapade in Boston harbor. Mrs. T. M. Brown, regent of the local Chap ter, received, assisted by State Regent Mrs. E. F. Masury, Mrs. Walker, of Hardwick; Miss Minnie H. Webster, regent of the Easthampton Chapter; Mrs. Mabel Loomis Todd, regent of the Amherst Chapter, and Mrs. Walker, of Enfield. Mrs. Walker has the distinction of being an actual ' ' daughter," as her own father fought in the Revolution. Remarks were made by Mrs. E. F. Masury, of Danvers, State regent, and Dr. J. L. R. Trask. In the evening a reception was given Mrs. E. F. Masury, the State regent, by Mrs. George F. Fuller, secretary of the local Chapter, to which the board of man agement, the committee of the day and the resident members of the Chapter were invited. *¥* The Boston Tea Party Chapter held a reception and tea at the residence of Mrs. S. S. Wood, Boston, December 16. Those receiving were Mrs. S. S. Woods, Mrs. Anna Von Rydingsvard, Mrs. R. P. New- comb, Mrs. Oliver Crane, Mrs. F. L. Cowles and Mrs. Thomas Guthrie. The ushers were Mrs. L. P. Sargent, Mrs. L. T. Cummings and Mrs. John McClandish. Representatives of the Sons of the Revolution were President Richards, Vice-President H. D. Pope and Treasurer Howard. In the evening the Boston Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Boston Tea Party Chapter united in celebrating the one hundred and twenty-second anniversary of the Boston Tea Party at the Old South Meeting House. *#* The Paul Revere Chapter met, January 2, at Pierce Building, Boston, with Mrs. James W. Cartwright as the presiding officer. The ' routine business of a monthly meeting was supplemented by a talk from Mrs. Ida Farr Miller, who has recently been elected regent of a new chap ter forming in Wakefield ; word of praise from Mrs. Grace Le Baron Upham, on the enterprise of the Paul Revere Chapter, and an election of officers as follows: Mrs. James W. Cartwright, regent ; Mrs. J. A. Remick, vice-regent; Mrs. A. V. Peabody, secretary ; Mrs. Eben Howes, treasurer; Mrs. Medora Crosby, registrar; Miss M. H. Brazier, historian. The enter tainment came from a paper on Paul Revere, written and read by Mrs. Marion A. McBride. Celebrations and Proceedings. 703 *#* The birthday of Gen. Israel Putnam was fittingly observed in Essex Hall, January 7, by Gen. Israel Putnam Chapter, Danvers, which had as guests Old Salem Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution. The exercises consisted of remarks by Miss Harriet S. Tapley, regent, and Mrs. Evelyn F. Masury, State regent, and others, and an address on Gen. Israel Putnam, by Rev. A. P. Putnam, D.D., president of the Danvers Historical Society. WASHINGTON. *#* The Mary Ball Chapter, of Tacoma, met at the house of the regent, Mrs. C. W. Griggs, November 21. As had been appointed, the meeting was a musical one, and was opened by the Chapter singing "America." A paper was read on "Patriotic Music." A medley of patriotic airs was played, which closed the musical feature of the meeting, after which the Regent read a letter from her great-grandfather, written in 1789, and pertaining to Revolutionary matters. On December 20 another meeting was held at the home of the Regent. A paper on current topics was read. Mrs. H. C. Wallace (daughter of Chief Justice Fuller), vice-regent, was elected as alternate to represent the Regent at the National Congress. Committees were appointed and pre liminary arrangements made for an entertainment to be given in February. One work of the Mary Ball Chapter was offering a prize of $5.00 for the best paper on "Why Washington Refused to be King," to be competed for by the school children of the city. Another work just begun is the planting of an historical grove. In this is to be planted a representative tree from each State and a tree or shrub from the homes of the ancestors of the Chapter members, the graves or the battlefields on which they fought ; these trees to be labeled. The place selected for this grove is in the City Park, and, through the courtesy of the Park Commissioners, a long, irregu lar strip of land was chosen, large enough to hold, as the Park Superin tendent said, five hundred trees. Donations of State trees have been made from Mississippi and Louisiana of live oaks and magnolias, an oak from Mount Vernon, a birch tree from Valentine's hill, and a root of boxwood from the old Philipse manor house. Past this grove go daily hundreds of children to and from school, and to these the Society hopes to teach those lessons from the past, trusting they will grow with the same vigor that their emblems doubtless will in the virgin soil of this favored spot of the new west, and be even more enduring than the snow-clad hills of the Olympics that stand guard for our grove on the north, and even more lasting than the grand old mountain of the Cascades on the south, Ta-ho-ma. PENNSYLVANIA. *** Miss Rockwell, of the Wilkes-Barre Institute, read a paper before the Wyoming Valley Chapter, January 6. Her subject was John Marshall, who was probably the most distinguished chief justice in the history of the United States government. *** The Pittsburgh Chapter held its regular meeting, December 14, at the Twentieth Century club house. Mrs. Charles W. Bassett made the first address of a series upon the " Heroic Women of the Revolution." 704 The American Historical Register. The Chapter met again January 8. General routine business was- attended to. Miss Denny, the regent of the Chapter, was appointed as one of the delegates to attend the Washington meeting on February 22. It was. decided to unite with the Sons of the American Revolution in celebrating Washington's birthday. It will take the form of a reception in one of the clubs with a patriotic programme. The Chapter indorsed a memorial to the National Congress seeking to grant a pension to the granddaughter of Francis Scott Key, the author of the "Star Spangled Banner." Miss Jennie Baird McKnight was elected an alternate to the congress to be held in Washington, in the place of Mrs. Max Moorhead, who will not be able to go, and Miss Kate McKnight was elected as alternate to Miss Denny. *** The Yorktown Chapter, York, met, January 9, at the home of Mrs. E. W. Spangler. After all business had been disposed of, William Henry A. Ebert read an interesting history of a rebellion in the American colonies in the year 1676. *#* The Donegal Chapter, Lancaster, held its regular monthly meeting, January 8, at the residence of Miss Lillian Diller, Mrs. Henry Carpenter presiding. It was decided to celebrate Flag Day, June 14, by holding a reunion of Donegal, York and Harrisburg chapters, the place to be deter mined later. The Ephrata Monument Association acknowledged the receipt of $20 from Donegal Chapter towards the erection of a monument for Revolutionary soldiers buried at Ephrata. Mrs. Mylin was elected delegate to the National Congress. Mrs. D. B. Case and Miss Clark were appointed alternates. An interesting article on the shaft and obelisk, erected to mark the place where Washington crossed the Delaware on December 26, 1 776, was read by Miss Susan Carpenter Frazer. *s* The officers and members of the Board of Management of the Philadelphia Chapter met, socially, on the afternoon of December 4, at the house of Mrs. Herman Hoopes, to express to their late regent, Mrs. Edward Jungerich Smith, their regret that she had declined a renomination to the regency of the Chapter and to present to her a silver salver in appreciation of her faithful discharge of the duties of the office and as a token of their affection and esteem. The salver is handsomely engraved with the insignia of the Society, and bears on the reverse side the following inscription : Mary Eleanor Diehl Smith, First Regent, Philadelphia Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. From the Officers and Board of Management. '895- CONNECTICUT. *** The Elizabeth Clark Hull Chapter met socially, December 18, at the residence of Mrs. Thomas J. Wood, Ansonia. *** The Mary Clap Wooster Chapter held a meeting at the Foot Guard Armory, New Haven, December 16. A business session occupied the first part of the afternoon. Mrs. Sara T. Kinney, State regent, spoke upon "Connecticut and Daughters of the American Revolution Days at Atlanta." Celebrations and Proceedings. 705 *#* Rev. Frank S. Childs, of Fairfield, read a paper on " The Colonial Parson " before Ruth Wyllys Chapter and its guests, members of the Con necticut Society Sons of the American Revolution, at the Historical Society's rooms, Hartford, December 30. *#* The Sarah Riggs Humphreys Chapter held a meeting at the resi dence of Mrs. Walter N. Sperry, Derby, January 7. The regent, Mrs. A. W. Phillips, presided. Attention was called to the fact that the wife and daughter of Francis Scott Key, author of the " Star Spangled Banner," are living in destitute circumstances at Washington. It was proposed that a petition be sent to Congress asking help in their behalf. It was also suggested that the Chapter offer a prize for the best historical paper prepared by a pupil in the public schools during the present year. *#* An entertainment given by Sarah Ludlow Chapter, Seymour, was a grand event, at which a very fashionable gathering attended. The enter tainment took place in Masonic Hall, which was tastefully decorated. Among those who took part in the programme, were : Miss Ida James, Mrs. Camp, Miss Colt, of New York ; Miss Camp, Mrs. James, Miss Charlotte Riley, of New York ; Miss May Hurlbert and Mrs. Noyes. DISTRICT COLUMBIA. *** The regular monthly meeting of the Continental Chapter was held December 16 at the Oxford Hotel, Washington. There was a large attend ance of the members. Mr. George A. Bacon read a paper on " Patrick Henry." Mrs. Margaret Sidney Lothrop spoke of her work in the children's branch of the Society, and Mrs. Lilian Rozell Messenger read a paper on "Historical Shrines." TENNESSEE. *** The Dolly Madison Chapter held its monthly meeting, January 4, at the residence of Mrs. Emmett Howard, Memphis. There was little business to be disposed of, and the chief interest of the meeting centred in the prize essays, the awards being made by Miss Scudder to pupils of the High School. WISCONSIN. *#* The Milwaukee Chapter met January 3. The Chapter now numbers ninety-three members. Mrs. William Chester and Mrs. A. R. Vedder were elected delegates to the national convention, to be held in Washington in February, with Mrs. Don. J. Whittmore as alternate. It was decided that the Milwaukee Chapter would hold a loan exhibition of War of the Revolu tion relics, and a committee was appointed to arrange for the date and place of exhibition. Mrs. Hamilton Townsend, Chapter regent, and Mrs. Mason, the registrar, spoke about the aims of the Society. *** The Bonny Kate Chapter, Knoxville, met January 9, at the home of the regent, Miss Mary Temple. At the election of delegates to attend the annual convention of the National Society to be held in Washington, February io, Mrs. Lawrence D. Tyson was chosen to represent her Chapter and Mrs. W. B. Lockett alternate. The literary part of the pro- 706 The American Historical Register. gramme was a paper on John Jay, by Mrs. Frazee. The point appealing most directly to the ladies was a corresponding likeness between leading political issues of that and this day. The discussion was lead by Mesdames James Rodgers and Will Hunt. The next meeting will be on February 13, when the subject, " Financial Difficulties of the Colonies ; Colonial Money," and Robert Morris, will be considered. RHODE ISLAND. *** The Gaspee Chapter met December 17 in the Rhode Island Historical rooms, Providence. Mrs. Grosvenor, the new regent, who suc ceeded Mrs. Robert H. I. Goddard at the expiration of her term of two years, presided for the first time and addressed the Chapter. The report of the Joint Committee on the Gaspee Daughters of the American Revolution prize for the Woman's College connected with Brown University was accepted. *** The Anna Warner Bailey Chapter met January 10, at Stonington. In the absence of the regent, Mrs. Cuthbert H. Slocomb, of Groton, Mrs. Courtlandt G. Babcock, of Stonington, the vice-regent, presided. NEW JERSEY. *#* The first formal meeting of the General David Forman Chapter was held January 1 5, at the house of the regent, Mrs. O. G. Mases. The Regent called the Chapter to order, announcing the resignation of the secretary, Mrs. Robert Stockton, Jr. The officers for the ensuing year are : Mrs. O. G. Mases, regent ; Mrs. A. Foster, vice-regent ; Mrs. R. Oliphant, secretary ; Miss J. Blackfan, registrar ; Miss L. Wilson, treasurer; Mrs. Alethia Hunt Weatherby, historian. *#* Mrs. William S. Stryker, the regent, is pushing forward the work of organizing chapters throughout the State. Some months ago a few Somer ville women were interested in the matter of forming a chapter at the county seat, and Mrs. Stryker selected Miss Batcheller, of Millstone, to do the preliminary work and serve as the new chapter's first regent. The name chosen for the new organization is General Frelinghuysen Chapter. It was fully started on its patriotic career January 9, at Miss Batcheller's home in Millstone, with sixteen charter members, four of whom are descendants of General Frelinghuysen. ILLINOIS. *#* The Rockford Chapter was hospitably entertained by Mrs. Ralph Emerson, December 14, and inspected a collection of rare colonial articles collected by a committee of the Chapter. VIRGINIA. \* The Albermarle Chapter, Charlottesville, held its annual meeting October 24, when the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : Mrs. Albert H. Tuttle, regent; Miss Mary Nelson Meade, vice-regent; Mrs. Milton W. Humphreys, recording secretary ; Mrs. R. T. W. Duke, Jr., cor responding secretary ; Mrs. Mary E. Towler, treasurer ; Mrs. Paul Boringer, registrar, and Mrs. Frank A. Massie, historian. On the evening of October Celebrations and Proceedings. 707 25 Prof. John Fiske lectured on " Charles Lee, the Soldier of Fortune," in the public hall of the University of Virginia, under the auspices of the Alber. marie Chapter and members of the Faculty of the University. The old hall, with its brilliant electric lights, fresh coat of paint, delicate frescoes and new draperies around the fine copy of the famous " School of Athens " at the rear of the platform never looked more pleasing than on that memorable night, when the eloquent speaker and closely-attentive listeners seemed to catch the inspiration of their historic surroundings. An enthusiastic round of applause greeted the historian when in the introduction to his lecture he paid a glowing tribute to the Lees of Virginia, so dear to the hearts of the South and so highly respected by the entire nation, and who bear no relationship to " Charles Lee, the Soldier of Fortune." Little did he or the enthusiastic audience realize that he was to be the last of a long line of noted statesmen and scholars whose eloquence had resounded in this historic hall. At the reception at the home of the Regent which fol lowed the lecture the distinguished historian had the pleasure of meeting many descendants of noted Virginians whose Revolutionary deeds he had recorded in his various writings. Thirty-six hours later the public hall was in flames, and to-day is a mass of ruins, while the grand old rotunda, planned and built by Mr. Jefferson after the Pantheon at Rome, stands roofless and shorn of its beautiful pillars, and the library which it contained and which was the University's greatest treasure, has lost many of its rarest manuscripts and most valuable books. At a called meeting of the Albermarle Chapter in December it was voted to appropriate the proceeds of the lecture by Prof. Fiske to the purchase of some original manuscripts by Mr. Jefferson, still in the possession of his descendants, and to present them to the library of the University of Virginia. *#* The Margaret Lynn Lewis Chapter, Roanoke. This Chapter is named after the mother of Gen. Andrew Lewis, a Revolutionary hero, to whose memory the Chapter intends erecting a monument. The Chapter, on November 22, gave an entertainment, consisting of a lecture by Prof. W. H. Pleasants, and a " Group of Realistic Scenes," under the name of "A Rose of Albemarle," arranged by Mrs. Lucian H. Cocke, for the benefit of the University of Virginia, when $200 was realized. \* The Old Dominion Chapter, Richmond, gave a reception at Hotel Jefferson, December 16, the anniversary of the Boston Tea Party. Mrs. James Lyons, chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, presided over the literary exercises, and introduced those who took part. She first presented, in a graceful little speech, Miss Bell Perkins, as vice-regent of the Old Dominion Chapter who read a historic paper on the "Boston Tea Party." At the conclusion of Miss Perkins' paper Mrs. Lyons introduced Miss Marion West, of Boston, who read Oliver Wendell Holmes' beautiful " Ballad on the Boston Party." The company then repaired to the opposite side of the court, where supper was served at small tables. NEW YORK. \* The New York City Chapter held a reception January 6, from four 708 The American Historical Register. till seven o'clock, at Sherry's, to celebrate the one hundred and thirty-seventh anniversary of George Washington's wedding day. All of the most popular national airs were played by the orchestra. The guests as they entered were received by Mrs. Donald McLean, regent of the Society, After her greeting they passed on down the line to be introduced in turn to the many ladies who assisted her on the Reception Committee. In the apartment adjoining the ballroom an elaborate luncheon was served. At five o'clock, the hour set for the addresses in honor of the day, Mrs. McLean arose to welcome the members and their friends. At the close of Mrs. McLean's remarks she announced that it was with the greatest pleasure that she was able to introduce Charles Dudley Warner, who spoke pleasaiitly of the day celebrated. He was followed by Gen. James Gra'nt Wilson, an associate editor of this magazine, who gave many interesting reminiscences of a visit to Mt. Vernon. The last speaker was Mr. Robert Irwin Martin. Mrs. Adlai Stevenson, wife of the vice-president and honorary president of the National Society, was the guest of honor. *** The Otsego Chapter, Cooperstown, held its regular meeting December 27. There was more than usual interest evinced on account of the report of the Nominating Committee, which presented the ticket of officers for the ensuing year. The usual literary exercises were also inter esting and well received. *^* The Quassaick Chapter, Newburgh, met, January 9, and elected delegates to the National Congress. A paper on the War of 1812 was read by Mrs. Charles Caldwell. An "afternoon of history" was given January 25, when Miss Alice Hasbrouck read a paper. The Chapter and the New burgh Historical Society will together celebrate Washington' s birthday. The Society of the Cincinnati : pennsylvania. The State Society, which has finally decided to place its Washington monument at the Green street entrance to Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, expects to proceed with the long- delayed work of erecting the monument early this spring. At a special meeting of the Fairmount Park Commis sioner's, December 27, Dr. C. F. Turner and Richard Dale, a committee of the Board of Trustees of the Wash ington Monument Fund of the Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati, appeared and asked for permission to erect the monument at the Green street entrance to the Park. After referring to the contention over a selection of a site for the monument, Dr. Turner said the members of the Society were now united on the Green street entrance, which was the site originally decided upon. The equestrian statue and base of the monument were brought over in 1890, and have been at the Green street entrance to the Park since that time. The statement was made by Mr. Dale that the monument would have a frontage of forty feet, a depth of seventy feet, and will be forty-two feet high. When completed it will have cost over $250,000, and it will be one of the . most imposing structures of its character ever erected. WASHINGTON MONUMENT. TO BE ERECTED EY THE PENNSYLVANIA SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI IN FAIRMOUNT PARK, PHILADELPHIA. {By courtesy of the Philadelphia "Public Ledger.") 710 The American Historical Register. Society Daughters of the Revolution : There was a faction in the Society whose members were called by some " reformers," who desire certain changes to which the other members were strongly opposed. Then there was disagreement as to the legal status of the organization, some members holding that it had no status as a national society. The General Society was organized about four years ago, Mrs. Edward P. Steers being one of the prime movers in the work of organization. The members of the faction opposed to Mrs. Steers and the party which she represented declared that alterations and amendments were desired because the Society was not based upon sufficiently far-reaching lines. They said that the government of the Society really resolved itself into a local clique, instead of being composed of State representatives. Another allegation which was made against the existing government was that it tried to make it as much of an autocracy as possible, so that the States had not sufficient incentive to help along the growth of the Society. At a meeting of the Society, which took place at the Waldorf, the President read a paper in which some changes in regard to State societies were advocated. Changes as to applications for membership were also suggested, whereupon the opposition party also suggested some changes. The President refused to consider the suggestions offered by the opposition and a lively debate followed. The leader of the opposition was Mrs. William Lee, of Boston, who is the regent of the Society for Massachusetts, and Mrs. Steers, the president, acted as leader of the conservative party. One of the objects of the reform party was to have the directors elected by delegates from each of the subordinate State societies, and this is one of the points against which Mrs. Steers' party fought. Mrs. Steers refused to put Mrs. Lee's motion, and when the meeting adjourned, after a two-hours' fruitless session, it became known that the reformers had made arrangements to have a meeting of their own, and they had it December 2 at the Waldorf. There were present representatives from New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Mrs. Margaret T. Yardley, of East Orange, who is vice-regent of New Jersey, presided, and Miss Florence H. Dangerfield was the principal speaker. She explained to the members that they had labored under a mis taken idea when they thought theirs was a national society, because it was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York. She advised making the Society national in its character, and urged that for the good of the Society all differences be settled amicably. A meeting of the General Society was held in the same hotel December 2, at which a communication was received from thirty of the discontented members, asking that a special meeting be called, at which the alterations of the by-laws may be considered. Accordingly the General Society met December 1 7, at Mott Memorial Hall, New York, and heard the proposed new constitution read, about which there was much dissension at the meeting on November 26. This constitu tion callsfor representation of out-of-town members bydelegates — one delegate Celebrations and Proceedings. 711 to every fifty members — and permits the election of out-of-town members as executive officers of the National Society, whereas the old constitution re quired all members who wish to vote to attend the quadrennial meeting in New York City, and required the executive officers to be residents of that city. The members of the Advisory Board of the Society were invited by the executive officers to be present on the 1 7th, but of the five or six gentlemen who are on the board only Justice-elect C. S. Truax and Mr. John C. Tomlinson appeared. There were about 175 members present. After the meeting had been opened with prayer, Miss Adaline W. Sterling, of Englewood, N. J., asked the President if there were any persons in the room who did not belong to the Society. The reply was that the Advisory Board were not members, but had been invited to be present. Miss Adams asked if the constitution provided for these officers and authorized their presence, and Mrs. Steers was obliged to reply that it did not. Several persons simultaneously moved that the gentlemen be requested to retire, but the only one to obtain recognition was Mrs. Lee, who said she wanted to ask Mr. Truax a question. " That is just what I'm here for, madam, to answer questions," said Mr. Truax, rising and bowing. " But will you answer our questions as well as those of the administration?" someone asked. "To be sure,' ' he replied. Someone called for order, and a multitude of motions were started, the result of the confusion being that the gentlemen rose and said that as their presence seemed to be objectionable they would retire. A motion that they be requested to withdraw was put to a vote and carried. The executive officers then tried to carry a motion to adjourn, but were defeated after a stormy debate. The constitution was read and referred to a committee after a four-hours' session. The regular annual meeting of the General Society was held January 6 at No. 64 Madison avenue, and fulfilled its promise of being a lively one. The numbers present, the number of votes cast and the intense interest displayed were unprecedented in the history of the Society. The result was a victory for the "independent'' ticket, which was backed largely by the chapters from Long Island. Two tickets in the field, and a great deal of strong feeling behind each, brought the members out in full force, and long before two o'clock, which was the hour set for the meeting, the hallway of the small building was over crowded. The balloting was finished about seven o'clock, and the members sat down in a back room to finish the business of the meeting while the tellers counted the votes behind locked doors. Mrs. Steers, the retiring president, early in the afternoon, when calling the meeting to order, had resigned the chair for the day, and Mrs. Sarah Conkling, the parliamentary teacher, who has lately been enrolled among the Daughters, was elected temporary chairman. There was a decided and hot debate between the chairman and Miss Adaline W. Sterling, of the New Jersey Chapter, the latter holding out most pluckily for her parliamentary rights, and in the end winning the point in question. An attempt was made to adjourn the meeting without waiting for a report of the result of the election, the hour being so late, but this was voted down, and finally it was decided to hear the result of the count for the officers and leave the question of the Executive Com- 7 1 2 The American Historical Register. mittee to be announced later. The supporters of the regular ticket took their defeat very quietly, when it was announced that the independents had won. The officers elected for the next four years are : For president, Mrs. Charles B. Yardley ; vice-president, Mrs. Henry Sanger Snow ; secretary, Mrs. L. H. Holbrook ; treasurer, Miss Viola D. Waring ; registrar, Mrs. Mary C. Martin Casey; historian, Mrs. John W. El well; librarian, Mrs. Henry Courtney Manning, and chaplain, Rev. George R. Van De Water, D. D. The vote for president was a very close one, as were most of the others. It stood 311 for Mrs. Yardley and 281 for Mrs. Steers. The new president is also president of the New Jersey Federation of Women's Clubs, a member of Sorosis, of the Women's Club of Orange, and regent of the Daughters of the Revolution in New Jersey. NEW YORK. *** The annual election of the Long Island Society was held at Wilson's parlors, Brooklyn, January 15. The attendance was large and included some of the most prominent women in the city. All of the new officers were the unanimous choice of the Society. They are as follows : Regent, Mrs. Henry Earle; vice-regent, Mrs. James Pierce; recording secretary, Mrs. Prudencio H. de Murguiondo ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Ernest W. Birdsall ; registrar, Mrs. Henry Sanger Snow ; treasurer, Mrs. John Van Buren Thayer ; historian, Mrs. Henry Lee Pratt, and chaplain, the Rev. Samuel Eliot. Mrs. Horatio C. King retired from the presidency after serving a term of four years. The Society passed a vote of thanks for the work which she had done as president. When the nominat ing committee met to make up a ticket, Mrs. King sent word that she would not accept a nomination for a fifth term. Mrs. Henry Beam, who has been recording secretary for. four years, also declined a renomination, although the Society tried hard to have her stay. The first of a series of "colonial teas," to be given by the Long Island Society, was held at the residence of the regent, Mrs. Henry Earle> Brooklyn, and was attended by a large number of ladies. These teas are to be devoted to the study of the life of colonial women, with illustrations by letters, relics, anecdotes and short papers. The special topics of some of the days are '* Courtship and Marriage of Colonial Times," with the reading of old love letters, accounts of old romances, unusual wooings and wedding ceremonies and exhibition of antique wedding garments and finery. Another tea will relate wholly to household industries, with accounts of old- time spinning, weaving, candlemaking, etc. A fourth will tell of old-time cooking recipes and methods of preparation of food, with some famous Dutch dishes from the Van Cortlandt manor kitchen. Another will deal with old pewter and china. The first "tea," held on the afternoon of January 17, dealt wholly with the " Education and Child Life of Colonial Women." There was a fine exhibit of old toys, porringers, samplers, embroideries, fine knitting, infant garments, etc. The address, by Mrs. Earle, told of early methods of education, old school books, the horn book, care of girls, their food, dress, occupations. In summing up the influences Celebrations and Proceedings. 7 1 3 in the girlhood of these colonial women, which developed the brave, trust ing heroines of Revolutionary times, it was decided that the two prominent elements of constant religious and industrial training were most important. The never-ceasing influence of religious thought and study, and Bible read ing, gave them confidence in prayer and in the success of their patriotic cause; while their proficiency in all household industries made it possible for them to be independent of all outside, especially of all foreign, assist ance. Short papers on "A Colonial Girlhood," by Miss Caroline Hicks; " A Colonial Schoolbook," by Mrs. F. O. Pierce ; "An Incident of Colonial Child Life," by Mrs. Pratt, added much to the interest of the afternoon. The tea was served from a table set entirely with old-time china, silver and glass. Pilgrim, States and Lafayette plates and teacups afforded the blue of the Society's colors, while old silver tankards filled with yellow daffodils and a dozen silver candlesticks with yellow candles gave the Continental buff. NEW jersey. *%* The Society held its annual meeting on November 18 in the New England Society rooms, Orange. Miss Adeline W. Torrey retired as regent and was made regent emeritus as a slight recognition of her four years' service. There was a large attendance at the meeting and very interesting reports, covering the year's work, were read by the various officers. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year : Regent, Mrs. George H. Hodenpyl, of Summit ; vice-regent, Mrs. Charles B. Yardley, of East Orange ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. George E. Adams, of East Orange ; recording secretary, Miss Gail A. Treat, of East Orange ; treasurer, Mrs. Samuel Kennedy Dawson, of East Orange ; registrar, Miss Adaline W. Sterling, of Englewood ; historian, Mrs. Georgia S. Crater, of Newark ; chaplain, the Rev. Alexander Mann, of Orange ; trustees, Mrs. R. Ward, of South Orange ; Miss F. O. Rand, of Mountclair ; Miss C. Duryee, of Fairview, and Mrs. Richard Russel, of Orange. After two preliminary meetings for discussion it was unanimously voted to consolidate the Orange and South Orange and East Orange Chapters. A meeting of consolidation was held December. 19 at the house of Mrs. Thomas, regent of the East Orange Chapter. Considerable business was transacted and the resignations of the present officers were accepted. The following officers were elected : Regent, Mrs. Robert Ward, South Orange ; treasurer, Mrs. George P. Turrell, South Orange ; secretary, Mrs. Joseph G. Cooper, East Orange. The Society celebrated the one hundred and nineteenth anniversary of the battle of Princeton, January 3, at Berkeley Hall, East Orange. The hall was decorated with buff and blue and garlands of green and many large American flags. About one hundred and fifty prominent women were present. Mrs. Charles B. Yardley, of East Orange, vice-regent of New Jersey, introduced Mrs. George Hodenpyl, of Summit, the new State regent, who made a graceful address and took charge of the meeting. Miss Adaline W. Sterling, of Englewood, then spoke upon the battle of Trenton and the general condition of the country at that time, in such a vivid and inspiring manner as to stir all present. Mrs. Charles W. Thomas, of Bound Brook, made a thrilling and valuable address entitled "A Dark Hour in the 714 The American Historical Register. Revolution," in which she gave a graphic account of the battle of Prince ton. An account of the battle of Trenton in verse was read by the authoress, Miss Sara King Wiley, of East Orange. There were present at the meeting some of the great-granddaughters of Paul Revere, and the oldest of them, Mrs. Sampson, was made an honorary member of the New Jersey Society. MASSACHUSETTS. *#* The State Society celebrated the anniversary of the Boston Tea Party, December 16, at the Vendome, Boston, by a reception and banquet. At the meeting which preceded this function, and which was held in the chapel of Second Church, the following-named officers were electedt Regent, Mrs. William Lee ; secretary, Mrs. George F. Daniels ; treasurer, Mrs. Leslie C. Ward ; registrar, Mrs. George C. Bosson ; librarian, Dr. Emily F. Pope ; chaplain, Rev. Leonard K. Storrs. Mrs. William H. Lee, the State regent, presided at the feast and welcomed the members and friends. At the guest table were seated around Mrs. Lee, Lieut.-Gov. Wol cott on the right, and Mr. Edward S. Barrett, president of the State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, on the left. Near these sat Mr. Walter Kendal Watkins, secretary Society of Colonial Wars ; Mr. Gamaliel Bradford, Jr., of the Society of the Cincinnati ; Rev. Leonard K. Storrs, chaplain of the Sons of the Revolution ; Clement K. Fay, vice-president of the Sons of the Revolution, and Nathan Appleton, vice president of the Sons of the American Revolution. Those to respond to the toasts were: Lieut.-Gov. Wolcott, Mr. Edward S. Barrett, Miss Clara B. Adams, Mr. Curtis Guild, Mrs. Anna Sawyer Downes and Mr. Gamaliel Bradford. The colors of the Society were analyzed by Mr. Storrs as follows : " So wear the buffs and yellow above the blue — yellow for loyalty, blue for all that's true." Nathan Appleton was enthusiastic in his defense of " Old Glory — all the hues were born in heaven." MARYLAND. *^* A meeting of Avalon Chapter was held at the residence of the regent, Mrs. George W. Roche, Baltimore, December 7. Chaplain God dard, of the Advisory Board, made an address on " The Women of North Carolina and Connecticut in the Revolution, " and Miss Marsh read an article on "The Destruction of Tea in Boston Harbor." A tea was given by Mrs. Roche to the Advisory Board and guests of the Chapter. The Pennsylvania-German Society. — The quarterly meeting of the Executive Committee was held at the residence of the secretary, H. M. W. Richards, in Reading, Pa., January 16. The next annual meeting of the Society will be held in Philadelphia in October next. Arrangements were made to undertake a complete history of Pennsylvania Germans. The committee adopted a beautiful insignia for the Society, combining the arms of the Province of Pennsylvania with those of the German Empire at the time of the immigration. Arrangements are about to be made for copying the baptismal, marriage and burial records of the Old Augustus Church, at the Trappe, Montgomery county, to be published in the next annual volume of the Society's publications. NOTES, QUERIES AND REPLIES. Gardiner — Gardner. — In answer to your inquiry as to colonial families of the name of Cardiner or Gardner, I reply as follows : There are several families of colonial consequence in the United States who have no relationship to each other, but whose surnames differ only by a letter. Among these may be mentioned the Gardiner family of Rhode Island, from which I have the honor to be descended, which has been settled there since 1638, and still holds a portion of the land in the Narragansett country, granted by Ninigret, Chief Sachem of the Niantics. The city of Gardiner, Me., is named after this family, whose antecedent English record covers several centuries. Mr. Richard Gardiner, who came to Virginia in 1624 with Sir Francis Wyatt, was of this family. Another and distinct family of the name of Gardiner came to Boston in 1635 arm settled, first at Saybrook and then at the Isle of Wight, now known as Gardiner'": Island, and at East Hampton. Its progenitor in this country in his will wrote his name Lion Gardener. Another colonial family of consequence, generally known as the Salem and Nantucket family, was that of Mr. Thomas Gardner, one of the Historic Founders in 1624 of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Another and later Massachusetts Gardner family, to which belonged Col. Thomas Gardner, who was mortally wounded at Bunker Hill, gave the name Gardner to a town in that State. This was the family of Thomas. Gardner, who landed in Boston in 1635 and settled in Roxbury, Mass. Samuel Gardner, who settled in Wethersfield, Conn., about 1638, was the progenitor of a distinct family ; but his two sons had no issue and the- surname in this family became extinct in 1684. Richard Gardner, of the Surry, England, family, settled in Surry,. Mass., in 1642. His great-grandson, Henry (Harvard College, 1750), was general treasurer of Massachusetts during the Revolution. Still another distinct and highly respectable family of the name of Gardner, who were members of the Society of Friends, settled in New Jersey and Pennsylvania in 1688. New York. Asa Bird Gardiner. De Klynn — Van Zandt. — Information wanted of the ancestors of Barnt de Klynn, b. in Boston, October 31, 1730, m. Mary Von Zandt, or Van Sant, b. in New York, January 29, 1749. Bordentown, N. J. Kate A. Mott. . Taylor. — Information desired concerning the ancestry of John Taylor, of Willistown and Goshen, Chester county, Pa., born about 1743. 1528 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Mrs. Edward Siter. 7 1 6 The American Historical Register. Washington's Aids-de-Camp. — Mr. W. C. Ford, in " The Writings t)f George Washington," Vol. XIV, 432, says : So much loose statement exists concerning the military family of Washington, that I insert this list of his aids. No person can be accounted an aid unless his position was recognized in General Orders, or in a definite statement on the part of the General. I give my authority for each appointment, and believe the list to be complete : Thomas Mifflin .... General Order 4 July, 1775. Joseph Reed (Sec.) . . " ... " John Trumbull .... " ... 27 " Edmund Randolph . " .... 15 Aug. " George Baylor " . . . " " " Robt. Hanson Harrison (Sec.) " . . 6 Nov. " Stephen Moylan " . . .6 Mar. 1776. William Palfrey . . . <¦¦••< Caleb Gibbs* .... " ... 16 May, " George Lewis* . " . " " " Richard Cary . . " 21 June, " Samuel Blachley Webb . . . " " " Alex. Contee Hanson (Asst. Sec.) " ..."'* " William Grayson .... " ... 24 Aug. " P. Penet (by brevet, see Vol. IV. 483. four, of Cong!) 14 Oct. " John Fitzgerald.f Richard Kidder Meade . General Order . . 12 Jan. 1777. Alex. Hamilton ... " . .20 " " John Walker .... . " George Johnston " Peter Presly Thornton " John Laurens " . 19 Feb. " 1 Mar. " . . 6 Sept. " John Laurens " 6 Oct. " James McHenry (Asst. Sec.) " Tench Tilghman .... " David Humphreys .... " Richard Varick (Sec. at Hdq.) letter Washington Jonathan Trumbull, Jr. (Sec.) General Order . . 15 May, 1778. 21 June, 1780. . . 23 " to Varick 2 5 May, 1781. . . 8 June, " . . 15 " Peregrine Fitzhugh . . " Wm. Stephens Smith Benj. Walker Hodijah Baylies . " . . 2 July, " 6 " . . 25 Jan. 1782. . 14 May, " * Special appointment. f I have been unable to obtain a copy of the General Orders from November, 1776, to January 12, 1777. Fitzgerald must have been appointed during that period, for he was signing as aid in June, 1777. See also Mag. Am. His. VII, 81, and Sparks' Writings of Washington, Vol. XIII, 415. Notes, Queries and Replies. 717 Evans. — Information is wanted regarding the parents of Gainer Evans, who married Peter Lukens in 1719 (Abington Meeting Records). Their son was John Lukens, surveyor-general of Pennsylvania from 1761 to 1787. 2003 Chestnut street, Philadelphia. Mrs. W. F. Donaldsen. Decker. — Preferring to " Notes, Queries and Replies ' ' for last Decem ber, p. 518, will say that the name of David Decker does not occur in "Tea Leaves of 1773," published by A. O. Crane, Boston, 1884. Brookline, Mass. A. A. Folsom. Dewey. — Can anyone give me the ancestry of Joseph Dewey, of Stonington, Conn., who married Deborah Elliot who was baptized May 11, 1740 ? Was he a descendant of Josiah Dewey, Sr., who came from North ampton, Mass., and settled in Lebanon, Conn., on what was known as the " Clark and Dewey purchase ? " Any information will be appreciated. Ira W. Dennison, M. D. 1322 L street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Crocker. — Amos Crocker was born June 10, 1784, in Connecticut, and died October 6, 1858, in Hamilton, N. Y. His father died when he was twelve years old. After his father' s death he moved with his mother, Hannah Beach Crocker, and his younger brother, David, to Rensselaer- ville, Albany county, N. Y. About 1810 he married Polly Owen, who was born September 27, 1787, and died October 1, 1847. After his marriage he moved to Meredith, N. Y., thence to Lebanon, N. Y., thence to Ham ilton, N. Y. His uncles were Rev. Ephraim, Jonathan and Sylvester Crocker. Wanted, the names of Amos Crocker's father, his grandfather and grandmother, the places of their births and deaths, and the dates of their births and deaths. Belvidere, 111. J. C. Foote. Frisbee. — Richard Frisbie, a French Huguenot, settled at Elizabeth City, Va., in 16 19; James Frisby and William Frisby, "honest, substan tial Protestants," of Maryland, in 1678 — the former in Cecil county, the latter in Kent county. Edward Frisbie settled at Branford, Conn., in 1644, and was a leading man in Church and State in New Haven colony until his death in 1690. Wanted, to know if James and William, of Maryland, and Edward, of Connecticut, were brothers — sons of Richard, of Virginia ( 1 6 1 9) . There is a strong probability that they were, and that Richard was the common parent of all the persons bearing the name of Frisbee, Frisbie or Frisby in the United States. I am collecting data for a Frisbee genealogy. Portsmouth, N. H. O. L. Frisbee, A. M. Van Dam. — Rip Van Dam and his wife, Sarah Vander Spiegel, married September 24, 1684, had the following children baptized in the Reformed Dutch church at New York : Maria, bp. July 15, 1685; Sarah, bp. October 31, 1686; Nicholas, bp. November 4, 1688; Maria, bp. No vember 16, 1690; Catharina, bp. November 27, 1692 ; Rip, bp. October 7, 1694; Margarita, bp. November 10, 1695; Lowrens, bp. May 16, 1697; Debora, bp. January 22, 1699; Richard, bp. August 1 1, 1700; Jacob, bp. 7 1 8 The American Historical Register. February 22, 1702 ; Rachel, bp. February 22, 1702 ; Isaac, bp. January 9, 1704 ; Elizabeth, bp. February 3, 1706 ; Catharina, bp. September 28, 1707. Wapakaneta, O. Samuel Craig. Chauncey. — I have just noticed in the October, 1894, issue, page 193, a query needing reply, respecting the marriage of Rev. Charles Chauncey, D. D., second president of Harvard College, with Catherine, daughter of Robert Eyre, Esq., of Sarum, England. What follows I have obtained from the genealogy of the Eyre family of England and America. Robert Eyre, born 1569, barrister-at-law, was the eldest son and heir of Thomas Eyre, Esq. , of New Sarum, by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of John Rogers, Esq., of Poole. Mr. Eyre, was lineally descended from Humphrey le Heyr, of Hope, Wiltshire, a knight of William the Conqueror, and fought under that Norman at the battle at Hastings, in 1066, where he lost a leg, which has been commemorated as the Eyre coat of arms, viz : " an armed booted leg, couped at the thigh." The said Robert Eyre succeeded his father in September, 1628, but previous to this had married Anne, the daughter of the Right Rev. John Still, Bishop of Bath and Wells (by Jane, daughter of Sir John Horner, of Cloford), and dying in August, 1638, left a son, Robert, his heir, born in 16 10, and two daughters, Blanche, married to Thomas Pelham, of Compton Valence, and Catherine, married to the Rev. Charles Chauncey, D. D., of Herts. The grandson of the said Robert and Anne, was Sir Samuel Eyre, Knight of Newhouse and Chilhampton, born December, 1633. He was a lawyer of eminence, and one of the puisne Judges of the King's Bench. The son of Sir Samuel was the Right Hon. Sir Robert Eyre, knight, born 1666; Recorder of Salisbury in 1696; Member of Parliament for that city in 1 700 ; Chancellor to the Prince of Wales (George II.), and eventually Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. He died December 28, 1735, aged sixty-nine years, and was buried at St. Thomas', Sarum. 2620 W. Susquehanna avenue, Philadelphia. Franklin Eyre. "Monitor" (see November number, p. 431). — Full information in reference to the loss of the U. S. S. Monitor may be obtained by consulting The Atlantic Monthly, March, 1863 ; " Osbon's Hand-book of the U. S. Navy," Vanostrand, New York, 1864; "Buffalo Historical Society," E. P. Dorr, Buffalo, N. Y., 1874; " Rhode Island Soldiers' and Sailors' Historical Society," First and Fourth Series, Providence, 1878 and 1892 ; "The Loss of the Monitor!' by Frank B. Butts, "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," The Century Company; "Naval History of the Civil War," by Admiral Porter, the Sherman Publishing Company, New York, 1886 ; Frank H. Pierce, Esq., historian, Mt. Carmel, Conn. Philadelphia. Frederick Schober. "The Monitor." — If "L.;" Weston, Mass., will communicate with me I can inform him regarding original matter on the subject. New York City. Edward Trenchard. Notes, Queries and Replies. 719 Estes. — Any one knowing any of the history of the Estes family address the writer. Zacheus Estes came from Smithfield, R. I., and settled in Richmond, N. H., in about 1780. I would like to know where he was born. He had a war record, but do not know whether in Rhode Island, Massachusetts or New Hampshire. 585 Tremont street, Boston, Mass. W. B. Handy. Fenwick. — In the October number is an article on page 221, which treats of the Fenwick family of New Jersey. My son' s, Fenwick Lamson, ' great-great-grandmother was Mary Fenwick, of Northumberland, England. The Taylor family, of South Carolina, are of this family. Fenwick Taylor is now of Florida. Sir Fenwick Williams was a Taylor, of England. Where can a geneology of the Fenwick family be seen or obtained ? Weston, Mass. D. S. Lamson. Wait. — Is there in existence anywhere a portrait or picture of Joseph Wait, captain of a company in Maj. Robert Rogers' corps of Rangers, 1758 to 1760, and afterwards lieutenant-colonel Continental army, com missioned by John Hancock, January, 1776, and who commanded the regiment raised in the Connecticut valley, of which Col. Bedell was colonel for a short time ? Chicago. Horatio L. Wait. Talbot. — Col. Matthew Talbot was born in Maryland in 1699. First wife, Mary Williston ; sons, Charles, John, James, Matthew. Second wife, Jane Clayton; sons, Isham, Clayton. Jane Clayton was born in 1714; Mary Williston, born 1697. In about 1746 Matthew Talbot moved to Lunenburg county, Va. Can anyone give me the names of Matthew's father and mother, also the names of his wives' parents. Mrs. J. W. McC . Hiester. — From Prof. I. D. Rupp's History of Bucks and Lebanon Counties, Penna., the Hiesters consisted of three brothers, Daniel, John and Joseph, who took up their residence in Goshen-hoppen, then in Philadel phia, now in Montgomery. Daniel purchased'a farm afterwards with his brothers from the proprietary government two or three thousand acres of land in Bern township, now Bucks county. Daniel remained at the old homestead. When the Revolutionary war broke out they were among the first to enroll themselves. Daniel, of Montgomery ; John, of Chester ; Gabriel, of Bucks. The three eldest sons of Daniel entered the service as field officers, the two former with the rank of colonel, the latter with that of major. William, the fourth, my great-grandfather, and youngest son of Daniel, although also enrolled, did not on account of his extreme youth and the infirmity of his aged parents, serve more than one campaign. Will some one please assist me in finding in what capacity he was ? San Jose, Cal. Mrs. Noble T. Biddle. BOOK NEWS. " Brief History of the North Carolina Troops on the Conti nental Establishment, Etc.," by Brevet Maj. Charles L. Davis, and " A Sketch of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati," by Capt. Henry H. Bellas, is the title of the latest publication (just issued), on Revolu tionary history ; being a joint production by the two above-named officers of the U. S. Army. In the first part, a short review is made of the events immediately preceding the Revolution, followed by a narration of the gallant services of the ten Continental regiments through the entire war, in both Northern and Southern campaigns. A most valuable and complete register of officers, comprising nearly forty pages, is appended to this por tion of the work. The record of the State Society of the Cincinnati during its brief career follows, and is closed with an appeal to the present representatives of the original members of the Society in the " old North State," to unite in effecting its resuscitation. The book is fully illustrated with copies of portraits, documents and autographs, and is handsomely bound as a companion to the " History of the Delaware Cincinnati," published last year. For sale by the Historical Register Publishing Company, Philadelphia. A supplement has been issued to " How to Write the History of a Family," by W. P. W. Phillimore, M.A., B. C. L., 124 Chancery Lane, London, W. C, Editor of "Gloucestershire Notes and Queries," "The Visitation of Worcestershire, 1569," "The London and Middlesex Note book," late honorable secretary and editor of the " Index Library'' and " British Record Society." This supplement contains a chapter for begin ners, surnames, probate registries and wills, marriage licences, heralds' visitations, Scotch and Irish genealogy, etc., etc. Various chapters have been revised by Mr. C. H. Athill, Richmond Herald ; Mr. Balfour Paul, Lyon King; Mr. A. Vicars, Ulster King of Arms, and Dr. Diggs LaTouche, deputy keeper of the public records, Ireland. Mr. Phillimore knows where to look for information and how to use it when acquired, and there can be no better guide to those storehouses of genealogical lore — the public records — than the author of this succinct, yet comprehensive, handbook. " Historical Account of Christ Church, Philadelphia." By the Rev. Benjamin Dorr, D. D., rector of Christ Church. New York : Swords, Standford & Co. Philadelphia: R. S. H. George, 1841. Part of the original edition of this well-known work, newly bound in cloth, is for sale by the church at $2 per copy. Address, C. P. Keith, 210 South Fourth street, Philadelphia. INDEX AMERICAN HISTORICAL REGISTER. SEPTEMBER, 1895— FEBRUARY, 1896. [Ye Labor and ye Patience, ye. Judgment and ye Penetration which are required to make a Good Index, is only known to those who have gone through with this most necessary and painfull, but least praised part of a publication. — (Wm) Oldys. 1687.] SUBJECTS. A Colonial War Letter, 432 Advertising on the American Flag, 509 Annals of Westminster Abbey, 620 American Aristocracy, 126 American Bible Society, 194 Americans of Royal Descent, 227,237,577 Anderson's "History of the Colonial Church," 138 An Historical Pilgrimage to Ipswich, 121 A Peaceful Victory, 133 A Story of the Supernatural, 31 Arms : Bowne, 37 Douglas, 309 Howell, 568 Irvine, 308 Lawrence, 671 Vernon, 569 Atlanta Exposition, 386, 394 Battle of Chickamauga, 401 Battle of Rhode Island, 267 Battle of Bemis' Heights, 268 Battle of Gettysburg, 143 Bennington Battle Lay, 262 Bogus Antiquity, 277 Bowne Family of New Jersey, 37 Brandywine Day, 272 Browning — Origin of the Surname, 650 Bruningas, 650-659 Celebration of the Dauphin's Birthday, 204 Centennial Anniversary of Wayne's Treaty, 123 Christ Church, Phila., Bicentennial, 503 Civil Orders, 115 Col. Aaron Barlow's Order Book, 662 Colonial Patriotism in Song, 472 Congress at Albany, N. Y., 1754, 214 Correspondence of Samuel B.Webb, 285 Cuban Revolution, 485, 501 Daily Itinerary of Washington, 201 de Deux Pont's "Journal," 197 Defender's Day, 260 de Grasse' s Fleet, 197, 204 Departments : Autograph. 71, 252, 267,677 Book News, 148, 285, 438, 520, 620, 720 Celebrations and Proceedings of Pa triotic Societies, 121, 255, 373,485, 588, 68o Colonial Families, 37, 221, 308, 481, 568, 671 Notes, Queries and Replies, 136, 276, 429, 516, 615, 715 Desertion and Deaths in the 1st Penn sylvania Regiment of Foot, 1782- 83, 60 Early Settlers in New York, 38 Episodes of the " French Spoliation ' ' Period, 660 Expedition Against the Six Nations, 128 Expedition to Quebec, 121, 122 Fac-Similes : Letter of Gen. Arthur St. Clair, 364 Letter of Gen. Lachlan Mcintosh, 118 Letter of Gen. Philip Schuyler, 252 Letter of Gen. Thomas Mifflin, 679 Fenwick Family of New Jersey, 221, 668 First Confederate Gun at Gettysburg, 143 First Protestant Church in Virginia, 281 First Regiment of Foot, Pennsylvania Line, 242, 350 Flag of Liberty and Peace, 268 Floral Fete at Saratoga, N. Y., 265 Founders, 104, 106, 107, 108 Fort Griswold' s Capture, 263 Fort Jenkins, 28, 209, 340, 579 Fort McHenry, 260 The American Historical Register. Fort St. Clair, 229 Fort Ticonderoga Soldiers, 615 Fort Washington, Ohio, 229 Fort Wintermute, Pa., 213 Forty Fort, Pa., 211, 214 Fourth of July in Paris, 434 French Society of the Cincinnati, 600 Genealogical . Adair, 228 . Bolton, 149 Bowne, 37 Browning, 650 Byrd, 227 Davidson, 145 Duff, 435 Fenwick, 221, 668 Hall, 516 Howell, 568 Irvine, 308 Jenkins, 340 Lee, 148 Sabine, 518 St. Clair, 367 Steele, 644 Thompson, 481 Thong, 283 Weld, 360 Wigglesworth, 545 Wisner, 277 Gen. Arthur St. Clair, 367 Gen. Ely Samuel Parker, 271 Genesis of the United States, 227 Gen. Ethan Allen, 397 Gen. John Adair, 228 Gen. John Steele, 644. Gen. Comte de Rochambeau, 195 Gertrude of Wyoming, 32 Gordon's "Old Memoirs,'.' 32 Grand Reviews of the American Army, 1781-82, 203, 204 Green Mountain Boys, 215 Historical Account of Christ Church, Philadelphia, 720 Historical Magazines, 438 Historical Pageant at Kingston, N. Y., 266, 383 Historical Pilgrimage, 263 History of Bradford Co., Pa., 216 History of Lackawanna, Pa., 214 History of New London, Conn., 439 History of Plymouth. 219 History of Susquehanna, 216 History of the Bolton Family, 149 History of the North Carolina Troops on the Continental Establishment, 720. History of Wyoming, 219 " How to Write the History of a Family," 720 1 Howell of New Jersey and Pennsylva nia, 568 Illustrations : A Minute Man, 593 Adam's Mansion, Quincey, Mass., 7 Bonaparte (or Becket) Mansion, Bor dentown, N. J., 299 Boudinot Mansion, Elizabeth, N. J., 289 City Hall Park, New York City, 1824, 153 Civic Arch to Lafayette, Phila., 1824, 442, 449 Faneuil Hall, Boston, 3 Fire EDgines of 1824, 160 Foot of Broadway, New York City, 1824, 159 Gregory's Eagle Hotel, Albany, N. Y., 184 Halsted Mansion, near Elizabeth, N. J., 292 Hancock Mansion, Boston, 17 Harvard College in 1824, 5 Lafayette Badges, 444 Lafayette Medal, 154 Lafayette's Arrival at Independence Hall, in 1824, 526 Lafayette's Residence, Boston, 5 Langdon Mansion, Portsmouth, N. H., 26 Lee Mansion, Marblehead, Mass., 20 Lexington Battle Monument, 24 Livingston Manor House, N. Y., 183 Livingston Mansion, N. Y., 175 Marine Barracks, Phila., 535 North End of City Hall Park, New York C/y, 1824, 154 Old Park l Theatre, New York City, 166 Old State House, Albany, N. Y., 188 Old St. Patrick's R. C. Church, in New York City, 166 Peters' Mansion, "Belmont," 532 Read Mansion, New Castle, Del., 630 Residence of Charles L. Bonaparte, Phila., 527 Residence of Col. Nicholas Fish, N.Y. , 192 Residence of Nicholas Van Dyke, New Castle, Del., 632 Residence of Victor Marie Du Pont, New Castle, Del., 630 Schuyler Mansion, Albany, N. Y., 169 Shippin Tablet, St. Peter's Church, Phila., 695 Sons of the Revolution's Monument in Philadelphia County, Pa. , 486 State House, Boston, 3 St. Clair Monument, 372 Sword Presented to Lafayette in New York City, 1824, 156 Tolland, Conn., in 1824, 20 Index — Subjects. in iLLUSTRATioNS-^Continued. View in Albany, N. Y.. 1824, 177 View in New York City, 1824, 164, 168 Waddell (or Barclay) Mansion, Mor risville, Pa., 303 Washington Hall, New York City, 160 Washington Monument of the Penn sylvania Society of the Cincinnati, 709 West Point Buildings in 1824, 171 West Point, N. Y„ in 1824, 173 Wilder Mansion, Bolton, Mass., 21 Incorporators of the Royal Charters of Virginia, 107 Index to American Genealogies, 285 Indian Expedition of 1791, 229 Insignias : Acorn, 235, 521 Aztec Club of 1^47, 81 Cincinnati, 71, 270 Children of the American Revolution, 400 Colonial Dames, 103 Colonial Dames (1890), 113, 441 Colonial Wars, 96 Daughters of 181 2, 503 Daughters of the American Revolution, ioi Daughters of the Revolution, 102, 621 Foreign Wars, 91, 287 Grand Army of the Republic, 90 Holland Society, 115 Loyal Legion, 84 Mayflower Descendants, 116 Medal of Honor Legion, 88 Naval Order, 93 Sons of the American Revolution, 100 Sons of the Revolution, 98 U. S. Daughters 1812,698 War of 1812, 1, 80 War of 1812, 237 Irvine Family of Georgia, 308 John Fenwick in England, 668 Judges and Elders of Aquidneck, 109 King Philip's War, 121 Lafayette's Day, September 29, 1824, 521 Lafayette's Visit to the United States in l824-'25, I, 151, 194,287, 307, 441, 521, 621 Lafayette's Visit to Albany, N. Y., 182 Lafayette's Visit to Baltimore, Md., 643 Lafayette's Visit to Bergen, N. J., 288 Lafayette's Visit to Boston, Mass., 1 Lafayette's Visit to Bristol, Pa., 305 Lafayette's Visit to Cambridge, Mass., 10 Lafayette's Visit to Catskill, N. Y., 180 Lafayette's Visit to Chester, Pa., 621 Lafayette's Visit to Clermont, N. Y., 178 Lafayette's Visit to Concord, Mass., 15 Lafayette's Visit to Elizabeth, N. J., 292 Lafayette's Visit to Fishkill, N. Y., 192 Lafayette' s Visit to Frankford, Pa , 307 Lafayette's Visit to Hartford, Conn., 22 Lafayette's Visit to Jersey City, N. J., 287 Lafayette's Visit to Lexington, Mass., 14 Lafayette's Visit to Maiblehead, Mass., 16 Lafayette's Visit to Middletown, Conn. ,27 Lafayette's Visit to Morrisville, Pa., 301 Lafayette's Visit to New Brunswick, 296 Lafayette's Visit to Newburgh, N. Y.,174 Lafayette' sVisit to Newburyport, Mass. , 1 7 Lafayette's Visit to New Castle, Del., 634 Lafayette's Visit to Newark, N.J., 288 Lafayette's Visit to New York, 151 Lafayette's Visit to Philadelphia,44l, 521 Lafayette's Visit to Portsmouth, N. H.,18 Lafayette's Visit to Poughkeepsie, 176 Lafayette's Visit to Princeton, N. J., 297 Lafayette's Visit to Quincy, Mass , 13 Lafayette's Visit to Rahway, N. J., 294 Lafayette's Visit to Redhook, N. Y.. 192 Lafayette's Visit to Trenton, N. J.. 248 Lafayette's Visit to Troy, N. Y., 188 Lafayette's Visit to West Point, 172 Lafayette's Visit to Wilmington, Del. ,628 Lafayette's Visit to Woodbridge, N.J.,295 Lee Family of Virginia, 148 Lincolnania, 620 Little Turtle, 229 Maps of the Battlefields and Skirmishes of the Revolution, 286 Memorial Day, 83 Michael Wigglesworth, 545 Military and Civil Orders, 96 Military Orders, 71 Military Society of the War of 181 2, 255 Missing Records of Christ Church, Phila., 437 Monthly Returns, Ist Regiment, Penn sylvania Line, 1783, 454 Monuments Marking the Place Where Washington Crossed the Delaware, 1776, 425 Mrs. Washington Amused, 212 Myles Standish Tablet, 399 Narraganset Swamp Fight, 121 New Jersey Revolutionary Troops, 146 New York Revolutionary Soldiers' Rolls, 437 Obituaries : James Mifflin, 519 John Schuyler, 286 Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Revolutionary War, 37 Officers of the Dutch and English Periods (New York), no Old Block House, Pittsburgh, 129 Old Moslem Church, Pa., 139 " Old Sow " Cannon, 267 Old Times in Old Monmouth, N. J., 38 The American Historical Register. Order of Washington, 275 Original Proprietors of Aquidneck, 108 Original Proprietors of Providence Plan tations, 108 Original Settlers in Rhode Island, 108 Participation of the French in the Amer ican War of Independence, 195 Patriot's Day at Ephrata, Pa., 273 Patrons, 107 Peggy Stewart's Day, 500 Pennamite War, 213, 217 Perry's Victory, 261 Pilgrim Society's Tablet at Scrooby, Eng land, 274 Plot Against Washington, 619 Plymouth Plantation, 109 Pocahontas' Descendants, 144 Portraits : President John Adams, 8 Mrs. John Adams, 9 John Quincy Adams, 640 Mrs. John Quincy Adams, 641 Capt. Alden, 19 Col. Jos. Anderson, 623 Isaac Anderson, 624 Isaac Andruss, 297 Mrs. Mary K. Ashbridge, 529 Como. Bainbridge, 4 Como. Barron, 535 Rev. Dr. Fredrick Beasley, 524 Dr. Beck, 158 Capt. Caleb P. Bennett, 625 Nicholas Biddle, 531 Horace Binney, 530 Mrs. Amelia Boude, 453 Capt. Thomas Boude, 453 Gen. John 1-1 rooks, I Philip C. Brooks, 25 Gen. Jacob Brown, 172, 443 David Paul Brown, 622 Lt.-Col. Richard Butler, 59 Evelyn Byrd, 224 Gen. Thomas Cadwalader, 447 Mrs. Thomas Cadwalader, 539 Charles Carroll, 639 De Witt Clinton, 179 Gen. Cobb, 18 Thomas P. Cope, 536 Gen. Lord Cornwallis, 199 Capt. Anthony Cuthbert, 544 Como. Dale, 534 Col. Davis, 19 Judge John Davies, 14 Col. Samuel B. Davis, 627 Gen. Jonathan Dayton, 290 Gen. Dearborn, I Count de Grasse, 197 de St. Simon, 195 Gen. de Viomenil, 202 Mahlon Dickinson, 296 Peter S. Duponceau, 523 Victor Marie Du Pont, 631 Mrs. Victor M. Du Pont, 633 Charles Irenee Du Pont, 635 Mrs. Charles I. Du Pont, 637 Charles Ewing, 298 Lt. James Fairlie, 157 Major John Fenwick, 669 Col. Nicholas Fish, 191 Theo. Frelinghuysen, 291 Capt. Henry Geddes, 629 Judge John B. Gibson, 450 Gov. Christopher Gore, 12 Mrs. Abigail L. Halsted, 294 Dr. Caleb Halsted, 295 Mrs Alexander Hamilton, 167 Abijah Hammond, 189 Mrs. John Hancock, 6 Col. Edward Hand, 43 William H. Hart, 306 Joseph Hopkinson, 540 Col. Joseph Hough, 301 Col. J. E. Howard, 642 Mrs. Frances Howell, 571 Col. Joshua L. Howell, 572 Mrs. Anna Blackwood Howell, 573 Major Joseph Howell, Jr., 576 Gen. William Hull, 18 Gen. George Izard, 537 Major William Jackson, 522 Mrs. William Jackson, 522 Major Peter Jaquett, 626 Judge John Jay, 152 Rufus King, 155 President Kirkland, 10 Gen. Lafayette, 287, 441, 448, 521 Gen. John Lamb, 15 2 John Lansing, 158 Lynford Lardner, 304 Gen. Morgan Lewis, 184 Joseph S. Lewis, 302 Lt.-Gov. Levi Lincoln, II Edward P. Livingston, 193 Luther Martin, 174 Gen. Lachlan Mcintosh, no Louis McLane, 624 Capt. Allen McLane, 628 Gen. Thomas Mifflin, 67; Major Henry Miller, 61 Mrs. Robert Morris, 442, 528 John Neilson, 296 Enoch Paisons, 16 Gen. Robert Patterson, 445 Judge Richard Peters, 446 Gen. Pickering, 18 Capt. William Popham, 161 Josiah Quincey, 2 Robert Ralston, 533 Major Isaac Roach, 536 Gen. Comte de Rochambeau, 196 Dr. James Rush, 538 Index — Subjects. Portraits — Continued . Mrs. James Rush, 538 Comfort Sands, 187 James Savage, 15 Gen. Winfield Scott, 162 John Sergeant, 532 Gen. Philip Schuyler, 253 Gov. lohn A. Shulze, 300 John R. C. Smith, 305 Gen. S. Smith, 634 Gen. Arthur St. Clair, 365 Gen. John Steele, 644 Mrs. John Steele, 645 Gen. John Strieker, 622 Dr. Joel B. Sutherland, 534 Gen. Robert swartwout, 181 Judge William Tilghman, 524 Dr. Townsend, 24 William Townsend, 24 Col. Philip Van Cortlandt, 1 63 S. Van Rensselaer, 152 Col. Richard Varick, 165 John Vaughn, 543 Count de Vergennes, 198 Col. Nathaniel Wade, 27 Sergeant Wallace, 530 Col. Thomas Ward, 293 Dr. John C. Warren, 19 George Washington, 2co, 448 Joseph Watson, 451 Daniel Webster, 4 Robert Wharton, 542 Rev. William White,D.D., 525 S. V. S. Wilder, 23 Rev. Edward Wigglesworth, Jr. , 546 Rev. Edward Wigglesworth, U.D.,548 Lt. -Gov. Thomas L. Winthrop, 1 3 Gov. George Wolf, 541 William Wright, 290 Proprietors of East and West Jersey, 105 Provincial Officers of Connecticut, III Provincial Officers of Delaware, 106 Provincial Officers of Georgia, 112 Provincial Officers of Maryland, 105 Provincial Officers of Massachusetts, 107 Provincial Officers of North Carolina,H2 Provincial Officers of New Hampshire, 1 12 Provincial Officers of New Jersey, 105 Provincial Officers of New York, no Provincial Officers of Pennsylvania, 104 Provincial Officers of Rhode Island, 109 Provincial Officers of South Carolina, III Provincial Officers of Virginia, 107 Pulpit Censorship in New York, 136, 138 Purchasers of the King's Province (Rhode Island), 108 Queen Esther's Flat, 218 Records of the Governor and Council of East Jersey, 1682-1703, 41 Regimental Book, First Regiment Foot, Pennsylvania Line, 43, 240, 347, 454 Regulators of North Carolina, 311, 464, 554- Rev. Habijah Weld, 360 Revolutionary War Letters, 429 Rochambeau's Gallantry at Yorktown, 197 Rural Militia of New Netherland, 335 Saratoga Day, 265 Savage's " Genealogical Dictionary," 38 Signers of the First Written Compact of the Province Plantations, 108 " Sketch of the North Carolina Society of the Cincinnati," 720. Societies : Aztec Club of 1847, 8l» 4.23 Colonial Order of the Aco'rn, 235, 603 Colonial Dames of America, 113. 418, 512 Daughters of the Cincinnati, 95 Daughters of the Confederacy, 426 Daughters of the Holland Dames, 613 Descendants of the Pioneers, 236 Grand Army of the Republic, 90 Societies, Historical : American Catholic, 689 Bucks Co., Pa., 273, 425 Chester Co., Pa., 272 Massachusetts, 12 Old Newbury, Mass., 427 Pennsylvania, 503 Pennsylvania-German, 236, 427, 714 Pilgrim, 274 Quincy, Mass., 399 Holland Society of New York, 115, 603 Huguenot Society of New York, 117 Military Society of the War of 1812, 124, 237, 255, 508, 687 Massachusetts Colonial Society, 235 Mayflower Descendants, 116, 123, 515 686 Medal of Honor Legion, 88 Netherlands Society of Philadelphia, 236 Phi Beta Kappa Society, 11 Regular Army and Navy Union, 83, 269 Society for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, 602 Sons of Veterans, 239 St. Nicholas Society,m6, 286, 603 United Empire Loyalist Association of Canada, 143, 614 Military Order of Foreign Wars of United States : General Society, 91, 426, 519 New York, 426, 510, 692 Pennsylvania, 510 VI The American Historical Register. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States : General Society, 84, 132, 401 Colorado, 405, 589 District of Columbia, 504 Illinois, 407, 590, 688 Indiana, 504, 590 Iowa, 405, 589, 689 Kansas, 274, 688 Maine, 590 Massachusetts, 504, 588, 689 Michigan, 132, 404, 591 Minnesota, 404, 590, 688 Missouri, 590 Nebraska, 589 New York, 402, 588 Ohio, 401, 589, 689 Pennsylvania, 402, 505 Washington, 404 Wisconsin, 401, 504, 588 Society Children of the American Revolution : General Society, etc., 114, 400, 508 District of Columbia, 400 Society of the Cincinnati : General Society, etc., 71, 151-172, 600, 603, 648 Connecticut, 271 Maryland, 78 Massachusetts, 6, 72 New Hampshire, 131, 272 New Jersey, 76, 131, 270,425 New York, 75, 130, 154, 156, 194, 286 North Carolina, 270, 720 Pennsylvania, 77, 708 Rhode Island, 73 South Carolina, 79 Society of Colonial Wars : General Society, etc., 96, 295, 515, 519, 602, 603, 690 California, 598 Connecticut, 98 District of Columbia, 98, 510, 599 Illi ois, 98, 121, 419, 691 Kentucky, 510 Maryland, 98, 598, 692 Massachusetts, 98, 121,509,597,690 Minnesota, 690 Missouri, 98, 420 New Hampshire, 98 New Jersey, 98 New York, 97, 286, 510, 598, 692 Ohio, 98, 420, 598 Pennsylvania, 97, 420, 509, 597, 692 Vermont, 98 Virginia, 98, 691 Society Daughters of the Amer ican Revolution : General Society, etc., 101, 373, 385, 487,498, 5I5,°99 Alabama, 607 Connecticut, 386, 490, 606, 704 Delaware, 613 District of Columbia, 390, 492, 610, 705 Georgia, 130, 264, 389, 494, 612, 701 Illinois, 391, 605, 706 Indiana, 286, 392 Iowa, 611, 701 Kentucky, 393, 492, 609 Maine, 128, 392 Maryland, 128, 492, 605, 700 Massachusetts, 266, 393, 493, 608, 702 Michigan, 700 Minnesota, 127, 263, 393, 496, 612 Missouri, 494 New Hampshire, 128, 388 New Jersey, 128, 387, 489, 610,706 New York, 128, 264, 382, 492, 608, 707 North Dakota, 494 Ohio, 392, 495, 609, 700 Pennsylvania, 129, 263, 273, 379, 495, 603, 703 Rhode Island, 263, 394, 612, 706 South Carolina, 700 Tennessee, 266, 388, 612, 705 Texas, 393, 493 Vermont, 262, 397, 496, 611, 700 Virginia, 392, 494, 611, 706 Washington, 613, 703 Wisconsin, 494, 613, 705 Society Daughters of the Revo lution : General Society, etc., 102, 126, 710 Maryland, 507, 714 Massachusetts, 399, 506, 714 New Jersey, 400, 507, 713 New York, 398, 506, 712 Naval Order of the United States : General Society, etc., 93, 407 Illinois, 697 Maryland, 269 Massachusetts, 697 Pennsylvania, 512 Society Sons of the American Revolution : General Society, etc., 100, 413 California, 503 Colorado, 501 Connecticut, 415, 501 Delaware, 596 Index — Subjects. vn Society Sons of the American Revolution — Continued. District of Columbia, 413, 503, 682 Florida, 267 Illinois, 414, 502, 595 Indiana, 501 Kansas, 501 Kentucky, 414, 500 Maryland, 134, 414, 500 Massachusetts, 133, 413, 499, 596, 682 Minnesota, 148, 268, 286, 416, 502, 683, 694 Missouri, 596 New Hampshire, 681 New Jersey, 267, 595, 680 New York, 132, 268, 415, 502, 595, 681 Ohio, 133, 285, 414, 501, 683; 693 Oregon, 681 Pennsylvania, 596 Rhode Island, 267,596 Tennessee, 268, 681 Vermont, 133, 502 Virginia, 414 Washington, 413 West Virginia, 502 Wisconsin, 498 Society Sons of the Revolution : General Society, etc., 98, 519 California, 695 District of Columbia, 594 Georgia, 423 Illinois, 485, 592 Massachusetts, 148, 418 Minnesota, 417, 488, 593, 694 Missouri, 418,487 Montana, 417 New Jersey, 592, 696 New York, 134, 416, 488, 591, 697 North Carolina, 592 Ohio, 488, 593, 693 Pennsylvania, 65, 417, 486,594,695 Tennessee, 489, 696 South Carolina, 696 Society of the War of 1812 : Genera] Society etc , 1, 80, 117, 124, 255, 256, 257, 599 Connecticut, 117 Illinois, 117, 125, 260 Maryland, 117, 260,412, 505, 687 Massachusetts, 117, 599, 687 Ohio, 117 Pennsylvania, 117, 519 Society United States Daughters of 1812 : General Society, 94, 503, 698 Michigan, 698 Illinois, 698 Pennsylvania, 698 Kentucky, 698 California, 698 Nevada, 698 New Jersey, 698 Society United States Daughters 1776-1812 : General Society, etc., 96, 269, 507, 594, 689 National Society Colonial Dames of ' America : General Society, 103, 374, 387, 421 Connecticut, III, 514 Delaware, J.06, 513, 685 District of Columbia, 106 Georgia, 112, 135 Illinois, 515, 685 Maryland, 103, 422, 515, 684 Massachusetts, 109 Michigan, 421, 514 New Hampshire, 112 New Jersey, 103, 513 New York, no, 684 North Carolina, 112, 421, 514 Pennsylvania, 104, 148, 420, 421, 515, 601, 686 Rhode Island, 107 South Carolina, in, 686 Tennessee, 515 Virginia, 106, 601 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 105 Sons of the Revolution Monument and Tablet, Phila., 486,695 Steam Locomotion, 144 Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, 204 Tablet to William Brewster, the Pilgrim, Scrooby, 274 The Capture of William Penn, 216 The Colonial Magazine, 148 The Defences of Phila., 197 The Drowned Lands, 36 The Flag War, 121 The Foremost Nation of the World, 15 The " Liberty Bell," 145, 278 The Monitor, 431, 718 The " Monmouth Patent," 38 The " Monroe Doctrine," 589 The Patriotic- Hereditary Societies of the United States, their Objects and the Requirements for Membership, 71, 235 The Pennamites, 34 The Port Royal Expedition, 123 The Register of Members of the Society Sons of the Revolution in Massa chusetts, 148 The " Revel," New York City, 419 The Revolution of '76, 432, 615 The Scheme of Burr and Wilkinson, 230 Vlll The American Historical Register. The Shakespeare Myth, 122 The Spirit of '76, 148 The Stamp Act, 147 The Star Spangled Banner, 129 The Story of Evelyn Byrd, 225 The "Trenton Decree," 214 The United States of America, 617 The Year Book of the Minnesota Society Sons of the American Revolution, 1 48 Thompson, of Connecticut, 481 Those Named in the Royal Charter of Charles II. (Rhode Island), 108 Traditions of Fort Jenkins, 28, 209, 340, 579 Trenton Battle Monument, 267 Veteran Corps of Artillery of the City of New York, 124, 260 Washington Close To, 262 Washington Crossing Delaware River, 270, 273 Washington-FranklinGold-HeadedCane, 194 Washington Napping, 197 Washington's Birthday Celebration in 1781, 203 Washington's Clothing, 280 Washington's Tomb, 279 W'ashington' s Wedding Day, 708 William Pitt. Earl of Chatham, 495 Wisner Family Reunion, 277 Women of Colonial and Revolutionary Times, 439 Wyoming Massacre, 32 SURNAMES: The names in the Muster Roll of the First Regiment of Foot, Pennsylvania Line, printed August-December, 1895, are not included in this Index. Abbott, 262, 597, 690, 691 Abercrombie, 407, 541 Acklen, 388 Adair, 228, 234 Adams, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16, 66, 125, 126, 221, 222, 260, 393, 399, 400, 422, 440, 45°, 45i, 497, 499, 5°6, 5J9, 534, 537, 539, 540, 54i, 544, 595, 607, 611, 612, 616, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 683, 689, 691, 698, 699, 711, 713, 714 Addoms, 154 Adriaen, 337 Alden, 6, 19, 671 Aldrich, 495, 693 Aldndge, 616 Alexander, 329, 419, 595, 699 Alger, 40 \ Allen, 132, 180, 215, 216, 264, 343, 3^9, 397, 398, 408, 409, 4H, 418, 432, 437, 487, 491, 502, 518, 596, 604, 607, C09, Allen, 611, 612, 615, 616, 681, 687, 6 1, 699 Allin, 414, 500 AllisoD, 129, 270 Allmand, 500 Allyn, 158 Alment, 340 Alrichs, 279 Alricks, 263, 279, 605 Alston, 334, 691 Altenson, 616 Amoss, 146 Ambrens, 279 Ames, 498 Amherst, 368, 477 Amory, 6, 697 Anderson, 135, 136, 173, 2 '3, 300, 414, 500, 507, 621, 623, 6?4, 681 Andre, 172 Andrews, 264, 265, 273, 402, 403, 435, 552, 588, 593, 612 Andries, 338 Andros, 122, 670 Andruss, 287, 297 Angel, 108, 433 Angell, 108, 340 Anson, 318, 321, 324, 327, 329, 401 Anstice, 502 Anterbus, 671 Antes, 520 Anthony, 396, 541 Anthrop, 386 Antimes, 666 Antrobus, 671 Appleton, 9, 14, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 255, 256, .60, 261, 286, 427, 428, 5°8, 509, 513, 590, 608, 620, 714 Apthorp, 691 Archer, 223 Armistead, 575 Armour, 145 Armstrong, 35, J47, 179, 300 Arnold, 108, 122, 170, 286, 384, 406, 415, 423, 428, 496, 593, 604, 615, 700 Arsdale, 613 Arthur, 397, 398, 611, 700 Asbury, 411 Ashbridge, 529, 543, 577 Ashe, 329, 562, 593 Ashley, 433, 616 Ashly, 243 Ashton, 40, 414 Aspinwall, 108 Atherton 108, 209 Athill, 720 Athens. 148,691 AtkinsoD, 132, 592, 602 Atlee, 381, 575 Atticus, 566, 567 Auchenleck, 309 Auge, 141 Auston, 611 Avery, 426, 5 1 1, 55°, 551, 553, 558, 562, 593, 692 Axtell, 611 Aylett, 436 Babbitt, 173 Babcock, 575, 606, 706 Bache, 172 Backus, 503 Bacon, 131, 243, 411, 616, 687, 697, 700, 705 Badger, 448, 523 Bagley, 421 Bailey, 263, 269, •H3, 393, 464, 512, 516, 525, 554, 606, 610, 611, 648, 689, 706 Baili, 140 Baillie, 310, 311, 312 Bain, 490 Index — Surnames. IX Bainbridge, 4, 12, Barry, 424, 439, Bellas, 513, 518, 147, 408, 512 499, 538, 636 529, 599, 578, Baird, 704 Bartlett, 268, 418, 600, 720 Baker, 201, 203, 401, 606, 681, Bellinger, 311,385 205, 285, 312, 697 Bellomont, 672, 486, 688, 691 Bartley, 393 673, 674 Balch, 195, 197, Barton, 132, 592, Belmont, 261 199 699 Bement, 593, 694 Baldridge, 371, Bartram, 578 Benedict, 398,663 372 Barwis, 668 Benjamin, 503, Baldwin, 265, Bass, 616 595, 720 266, 285, 287, Basse, 41 Bennett, 24, 295, 386 Bassett, 382, 703 625 Balfour, 370, 371, Bast, 140 Benson, 642 720 Bastien, 446 Bentalou, 636, Ball, 281, 391, Batcheller, 382, 639, 643 517, OIO, 617, 489, 706 Bentley, 002 7°3 Batchelor, 265 Benton, 418, 467, Ballard, 616 Bates, 371, 596 487, 494, 696 Balles, 686 Battle, 316, 592, Berkeley, 670 Ballinger, 390 593 Berkley, 221, 713 391, 413, 493, Batton, 682 Berins, 248 610 Bauer, 140 Bernard, 173, 525, Bancroft, 136, Baulton, 108 533, 535, 544, 349, 406, 51 1, Baxter, 388, 390 622 616 Bayard, 369, 370, Berri, 398 Bangs, 590 541,596 Berry, 666 Bankhead, 156, Bayless, 612 Bessonett, 306 431 Baylies, 716 Betterton, 575 Banks, 510, 511, Baylor, 716 Betton, 697 666, 692 Beach, 491, 5 14, Betts, 592 Banning, 513 674, 717 Betty, 395 Bany, 66b Beal, 594 Betz, 307 Barber, 146 Beall, 147, 616, Beveridge, 407 Barbour, 146 617 Beverly, 438 Barclay, 105, 305, Beam, 712 Bickersteth, 31 541 Beasley, 529, 524 Biddle, 411, 445, Bardsley, 656 Beatty, 147, 300, 512, 520, 527, Barford, 433 408, 409, 599, S31, 54°, 541, Bargrav^, 137, 600, 605, 687, 719 282 697 Bieber, 140 Barker, 108, 394, Beaufort, 227 Biehl, 140 396, 448, 540 Beaumont, 671 Bigelow, 597, 691 Barklie, 500 Beck, 158, 448 Bilwington, 452 Barlow, 662 Becker, 242, 392 Bing, 490 Barnard, 340 Beckwith, 593 Bingham, 379 Barnes, 222, 386, Bedford, 218, 266 Binney, 408, 409, 391, 418, 485, Bedloe, 277 530, 541, 600, 498, S92 Bedell, 719 687, 697 Barnett, 689 Bee, 697 Biray', 681 Barnwell, 610 Beebe, 423 Bird, 255, 256 Barr, 488 Beecher, 387 Birdsall, 712 Barraclough, 576 Beekmen, 177, Birdseye, 482, Barras, 203 692 483, 484, 606 Barre, 215 Belknap, 591 Bishop, 589, 616 Barret, 500 Bell, 273, 334, Bissell, 607 Barrett, 394, 509, 415, 699, 702, Blachley, 716 615, 682, 714 707 Black, 379, 590, Barringer 329 Bellas, 130, 261, 605 Barron, 532, 533, 269, 270, 408, Blackfan, 706 535 409, 411, 412, Blackford, 684, Blackford, 685 Blackwood, 423, 572, 573, 574 Blagdon, 594 Blair, 144, 147, 487, 699 Blaisdcll, 497, 600 Blake, 283 Blakeman, 588 Blanchard, 433 Bleecker, 154, 159,697 Blewer, 242, 244, 247 Bliss, 397 Block, 135 Blockburn, 149 Blomefield, 658 Blondeau, 538 Bloomfield, 256 Blount, 508, 699 Boardman, 607 Boatwright, 686 Bodge, 123,691 Bodwell, 388 Boerum, 697 Bohn, 701 Bolles, 31 Boiling, 142, 691 Bollman, 542, 543, 638 Bolton, 149, 597 Bonapart, 583 Bonaparte, 299, 3°i, 525, 5 7 Bond, 387 Bonesteel, 401 Boone, 144 Booth, 31,264, 266, 582 Boquet, 382 Borcherling, 610 Borie, 544 Boringer, 706 Borrowe, 419 Boscawen, 368 Bosson, 714 Bosworth, 655, 656 Bothwell, 310 Botwood, 479 Boude, 242,453 Boudinot, 288, 292, 387, 49° Bouldin, 505 Bourget, 614 Bourgoyne, 400 Bourne, 405 Bourse, 608 Boutell, 595 The American Historical Register. Boutelle, 606 Bowditch, 6,6 Bowdoin, 369 Bowen, 687, 697 Bowler, 109 Bowman. 41, 172, 386, 682 Bowne, 37, 42 Boyd, 370, 404, 612 Boyer, 140 Boylston, 4, 22 Boynton, 699 Brace, 25 Bradbury, 1 30 Braddock, 258, 349, 473, 476, 478, 615 Bradford, 214, 216, 515, 700, 714 Bradley, 392, 604, 606, 709, 620 Bradshaw, 668 Bradway, 222 Braine, 426, 511 Brandon, 132 Brandsteller, 140 Brandt, 32, 33 Branu, 544 Brasfield, 332 Brasier, 540 Braswell, 334 Bratton, 697 Brayton, 263 Brazier, 394, 702 Breban, 544 Breck, 438, 523, 540, 638 Breckenridge, 146, 400, 699 Breese, 31 Brent, 500, 700 Brenton, 108, 109 Brereton, 582 Brevoort, 692 Brewer, 598 Brewin, 223 Brewster, 146, 156, 274, 275, 449, 682 Bridge, 268 Bridger, 661 Briggs, 488 Bright, 280 Brinckle, 626, 632 Brinton, 381 Bristol, 132 Broadbent, 275 Broadfoot, 686 Brondus, 610 Brodhead, 132, 242 Broninge, 659 Bronson, 419 Bmoke, 404, 436, 688 Brookhouse, 149 Brooks, I, 9, II, 25, 397, 596, 607 Broun, 656 Brounlee, 132 Brown, 14, 108, 132, 159, '72, 173, 227, 267, 283, 332, 334, 3*2, 393, 394, 396, 406, 441, 443, 447, 493, 500, 515, 596, 615, 616, 621, 622, 650-659, 666, 682, 685, 699, 701, 702, 706 Browne, 109, 446, 523,656 Brownfield, 650 Brownhill, 650 Browning, 27,194, 222, 227, 277, 286, 307, 453, 577, 643, 650- 659 Brownlow, 650 Brownson, 398 Bruce, 25, 256, 308, 311, 493, 500, 687 Bruen,6s6 Bruening, (^59 Brueninghaus, 659 Brumfield, 332 Brummell, 682 Brun. 651 Brune, 656 Brunell, 650 Bruning, 650-659 Brunninghaus,659 Brunnings, 659 Brunwin, 659 Brunynck, 659 Brush, 176 Bruyn, 132, 383 Bruyning, 659 Bruyningh, 659 Bryan, 260, 393, 407, 602, 616, 691 Bryant, 264, 401, 610 Buchanan, 261, 440, 609 Bucher, 382 Buck, 219, 701 Bucke, 136, 137, 281, 282 Buckley, 240,277, 307, 676 Buckner, 500,699 Budd, 613 Buel, 190 Buford, 173 Bulkley, 594, 606 Bull, 25, 108,267 Bulloch, 275,311, 312 Bullock, 507 Bullus, 513 Bulock, 135 Bulwer, 588 Bundy, 392 Bunker, 133 Burbank, 491,611 Burd, 523 Burdet, 221 Burdette, 262, 398 Burgin, 261, 599 Burgoyne, 265, 415, 496, 607 Burhans, 384 Burnet, 287 Burnham, 388 Burr, 122, 230, 231, 620, 660, 662 Burrell, 591 Burrough, 222, 223 Burroughs, 275, 606, 681 Burrows, 389 Burtis, 436 Burton, 135, 517 Busbee, 421 Bushnell, 694 Bust's, 435 Butler, 123, 152, 211, 213, 242, 327, 330, 399, 464, 488, 499, 558, 559, 586, 700 Butman, 145 Butt, 414 Butts, 718 Butterwortb, 543 Buttler, 593 Byeis, 390 Byllynge, 105 Bynum, 332 ¦. Byrd, 224-227 Byrne, 517 Cabell, 591, 691, 698, 699 Cable, 660 Cadle, 260, 269, 420, 487, 689 Cadwalader, 267, 301, 441, 445, 447, 512, 523, 524, 533, 535, 539, 540, 541, 544, 577, 599 Cain, 333 Cairns, 265, 382 Caldwell, 25, 313, 327, 328, 468, 470, 471, 515, 561, 565, 566, 612, 647, 708 Calhoun, 373, 697 Calkins, 589 Callaway, 144 Callendar, 409 Callender. 698 Calvert, 684, 692, 701 Camak, 701 Cameron, 515, 666 Camp, 705 Campbell,32, 145, 209, 264, 282, 385, 387, 388, 389, 423, 562> 576, 594 Campfield, 287 Canfield, 595 Cannon, 142 Capron, 176, 423 Carden, 599 Carder, 108 Cardesa, 613 Cardiner, 715 Carey, 213, 523, 540 Carleton,262,493, 496 Carlyle, 615 Carman, 490 Carmatt, 577 Carnahan, 297, 392 Carnibe, 312 Carouthers, 609 Carpender, 488 Carpenter. 108, 147, 386, 592, 604, 607, 616, 644, 704 Index — Surnames. Carr, 260, 261, 449, 5°5, 578, 592, &44 Carrington, 149, 490, 491, 691 Carroll, 278, 279, 416, 495, 638, 642, 643 Carswell, 596 Carter, 8, 691 Carteret, 39, 674 Cartwright, 268, 494, 608, 682, 702 Caruthers, 313, 3*4, 3J7, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 467, 468, 469, 47o, 471, 557, 56i, 562, 564, 565, 566 Cary, 552, 616, 716 Car)' 11, 432 Case, 380, 704 Casement, 590 Casey, 141, 144, 173, 375, 423, 485, 712 Cass, 191 Castle, 404, 590 Castor, 449 Caswell, 312, 562 Cathcart, 380 Caulkins, 439 Caverly, 496 Cecil, 371 Cempie, 686 Chadwick, 158 Chaffee, 607 Chalker, 275 Chalmers, 310 Chambers, 338, 619 Champion, 387 Champneys, 221 Chandler, 132, 388, 681 Chapman, 34, 540, 541 Chappell, 386 Charette, 515 Chase, 401, 418, 499, 696 Chastellux, 201 Chauncey, 409, 411, 527, 681, 718 Chayton, 275 Cheever, 545 Chegary, 166 Cheney, 615 Chenoweih, 613 Chester, 705 Cheviolet, 166 Chew, 541, 690 Child, 620 Childs, 152, 332, 382, 385, 400, 452, 7°5 Chilito, 274 Chipman, 392 Chittenden, 495, 5H,683 Choate, 122 Chope, 132 Christian,385,393, 496, 523 Christiancy, 132 Christie, 145 Chub, 016 Church, 402. 616 Churchill, 427 Churchman, 613 Cilley, 131 Claiborne, 232, 601 Clap, 704 Clapier, 540, 541, 544 Clapp, 386, 493 Clark, 132, 146, 276, 381, 396, 407, 408, 414, 436, 503, 604, 607, 608, 610, 690, 704, 717 Clarke, 108, 128, 386, 388, 389, 490, 491, 492, 607, 699 Clark son, 156, 161, 589, 592, 692 Claxton, 643 Clay, 406, 430 609 Clayton, 719 Clement, 573 Clements, 516 Clendening, 488 Cleveland, 406, 505, 5", 682, 683, 689 Clifton, 699 Cline, 406 Clinton, 179, 186, 188, 192, 195, 383, 5o6, 515, 574, 592, 595, 611 Cloud, 435 Clowes, 190 Coad, 526 Coasche, 278 Coates, 285, 418, 487, 540 Cobb, 6, 18, 702, 716 Cochran, 130,380, 605 Cochrane, 600 Cocke, 707 Cockings, 477 Coddington, 108, 109 Codman, 407 Coe, 490, 681 Coffee, 144 Coggens, 173 Coggeshall, 108, 109, 267 Coggswell, 606 Colden, 24 Cole, 108, 641 Coleman, 492, 601, 609, 610 Colgate, 262 Collamore, 408, 411, 697 Coller, 616 Collins, 498, 517, 573, 598. 696 Collum, 408, 411, 512 Colt, 514, 705 Cotton, 216 Colyar, 682 Combe, 437 Comly, 577 Comstock, 27, 617 Condit, 287 Conkling, 711 Conline, 132 Conn, 272 Connell, 632 Connor, 406 Constant, 122, 123 Conway, 423.491, 619 Conyngham, 586 Cook, 467 Cooke, 173, 178, 395 Cooley, 607, 611 Cooper, 156, 182, 223, 504, 574, 7i3 Cope, 108, 273, 536 Corbin, 616 Cordery, 128 Combury, 41, 673 Cornwallis, 195, 199, 204, 206, 377, 413, 414, 418, 487, 488, 493. 495, 498, 5°3, 5°6, 574, 604, 680 Corrigan, 497 Cortenius, 664 Cortlandt, 706 Cossart, 518 Courtenay, 500 Coulter, 500 Coults, 310 Courtney, 332,712 Coutts, 309 Cowie, 409 Covenhover, 687 Covert, 221 Cowash, 278 Cowles, 702 Cox, 131,401, 519 Coxe, 385, 445, 689 Craft, 216 Craig, 718 Crain, 223 Crane, 264, 265, 392, 702, 717 Crashaw, 282, 283 Crater, 402, 713 Crawford, 39,176, 506 Creasy, 496 Cresap, 414 Cresswell, 380 Creswell, 327 Crie, 393 Critchell, 409, 411, 698 Crocker, 608, 717 Croll, 380, 605 Cromwell, 221, 260, 276, 668 Crosby, 494, 692, 702 Cross, 388 Crowe, 595, 681 Crowell, 295] Crittenden, 184, 186, 188 Cults, 309 Cummings, 702 Cummins, 262 Cunningham, 176 Currie, 279 Curry, 682 Curtis, 387, 420, 482, 495,' 517, 606, 714 Cushing, 396, 689 Xll The American Historical Register. Cushman, 190, 262 Custer, 404 Custis, 643 Cuthbert, 312, 522 544, 594, 7°6 Cutler, 142, 502, 5°3, 5i8 Cutter, 694 Daggett, 593 Dahlgren, 277, 279, 408, 409, 411, 412, 512, Dailey, 394 Dakin, 133 d'Albo, 338 Dale. 382, 534, 708 Dallas, 540 Dalliba, 188 Dally, 255, 256, 508 Damon, 698 Danvers, 499 Dana, 488 Dandridge, 420, 676 Dangerfield, 710, Daniels, 133, 666, 7H Danson, 130 Darcy, 291 Dargan, 697 Darley, 451 Darling, 126, 180, 311,312, 698 Darlington, 381, 442 Darrow, 493 d'Arusmont, 539 Darwin, 610 Dauber, 140 D'Autremont, 583 Daveiss, 228, 231 Davenport, 283 Daves, 593 Davey, 498 Davidson, 145, 146, 156, 409, 412, 500 Davies, 6, 19, 650 Davis, 12,14, 263, 274, 275, 307, 406, 407, 425, 495, 594, 596, 616, 627, 632, 683, 697, 699, 720 Davison, 500,616 Dawson, 133,278, 576,713 Day, 25,289, 291, Dayton, 287, 289, 290, 291, 294, 507, 511, 698 Dean, 286, 371, 392, 549, 552, 593, 694 Dearborn, I, 9, 11 DeBlois, 408,409, 697 deBoville, 195 Decatur, 599, 600 Decker, 518, 717 DeCosta, 138.139, 281 DeCrillon, 438 deDeux Pont, 177 DeForest, 518, 618 deGrasse, 195, I?7, 199, 203 DeGuercheville, 684 DeHart, 300 deHoux, 202 Deininger, 141 deKalb, 206 DeKlynn, 715 Delafield, 177, 426, 485, 510, 605, 692 de la Maitre, 619 Delamater, 256 Delaney, 268 Delano, 592 de la Warr, 136 Delbrude, 618 Dclmonico, 402, 488, 5S8 Deming, 619 DeMurguiondo, 712 Denis, 598, 604 Denison, 212,213, 2f>7, 343, 345, 613 Denman, 516 Dennis, 701 Denny, 269, 381, 382, 439, 704 deNoailles, 195 DePellport, 033 Depew, 415,595, 603, 681 DePeyster, 511, 603, 692 dePorter, 277 Depue, 292, 610 DePuy, 129 deRamezay, 143, 614 Derby, 493 deRochambeau, 195, 208 Derry, 388 Derwent, 391 Desha, 389, 699 de St. Simon, 195, 204 DeVeaux, 311 Devereux, 699 deVergennes,i98, 205 Devinney, 319, 464 deViomenil, 202 Dewese, 370 Dewey, 262, 616, 717 DeWitt, 132, 156, 194, 264 DeWolf, 396 Dexter, 108, 394, 491, 514 Deyo, 383 Dickenson, 190, 392,541 Dickbout, 141 Dickinson, 35, 296, 340, 39°, 5^3, 634 Dickson, 147,373, 374, 378, 379, 484, 612, 701 Diaz, 1 66 Diffenderffer, 427 Dike, 616 Dill, 371 Dillard, 513 Diller, 704 Dillingham, 503 Dimon, 664 Disher, 433 Dix, 255, 488, 687 Dixon, 135, 435, bo6 Dodge, 156, 402, 427, 428, 573, 583 Dodson, 382 Doe, 391 Doggett, 690 Donaldson, 127, 128, 264, 497, 717 Doniol, 195, 205 Donop, 574 Doolittle, 666, 683, Doremus, 681 Dorr, 720 Dorrance, 306 Dorris, 388 Dorsey, 414, 500 Dotterer, 520 Dougherty, 146, 666 Doughty,i28,289, 291, 300, 489, 490, 674 Douglas, 149, 173 308, 309, 310, 497, 515, 685 Downes, 714 Downing, 14,616, 617 Downs, 261, 505 Doyal, 123 Doyle, 396 Drake, 616, 676 Drane, 593 Draper, 508, 610 Drayton, 409, 541 Dresser, 691 Drouillard, 388 Drowne, 488, 692 Drummond, 332 Duane, 523 DuBois, 383 691, 692 Ducomman, 173 Dudley, 213, 485, 5*4, 592, 708 Duff, 435, 436 Duffield, 448,449, 513,514 Duke, 691, 706 Dulany, 261, 505 Dulles, 598 Duncan, 452, 685 Dunn, 400, 667 Dunnigan, 333 Dunton, 496 Duponceau, 523, 524 DuPont, 403,513, 541, 630, 631, 633, 634, 635, 637 Durant, 264 Durfee, 396 Durie, 285 Durnford, 614 Duryee, 713 Duyckinck, 477 Dwight, 425, 616, 692 Dwyer, 5J7 Dyer, 136, 138, 139, 264, 281, Index — Surnames. Xlll Dyer, 283, 407, 496, 513 Dyott, 538 Dyre, 108 Eachus, 273 Ellsworth, 138 Earl, 222 Earle, 389, 439, 613, 712 East, 388 Eastman, 388 Easton, 108, 109 Eastwick, 578 Eaton, 173, 333, 5°7, 59& Ebel. 337 Eberley, 691 Ebert, 380, 704 Eckerson, 424 Eddy, 344, 682- Edes, 636 Edgerton, 128, 263, 683 Edmonds, 616 Edson, 409, 411, 412, 610 Edwards, 178, 326, 333, 414, 43°, 469, 513, 5&5, 615 Edy, 370 Eggleston, 265 Elbertson, 335 Elderkin, 598, 607 Eldredge, 495 Eliot, 698, 699, 712 Ellery, 109, 395 Ellingwood, 690 Elliot, 517, 522, 54i, 7'7 Elliott, 488 Ellis, 380, 495, 690 Ellsler, 423 Ellsworth, 27, 38, 422, 702 Ellwood, 590 Elmendorf, 262, 489, 692 Elmer, 300 Elson, 593 Elwell, 593, 689, 712 Elwood, 502 Ely, 385, 608 Embree, 675 Emerson, 378, 391, 606, 706 Emery, 687, 697 Emlen, 541, 577 Emory, 608, 700 Emott, 176, 675 Enders, 602 Endicott, 672 Engle, 435, 621 Engleman, 141 Engrem, 496 Erben, 402, 511, 681 Erie, 371 Erin, 347 Ernst. 140 Erskine, 309-, 574 Eschweiler, 498 Estes, 719 Etting, 421 •Eusti-, 1, 6, n Evan-, 144, 264, 312, 576, 577, 617, 621, 717 Evelyn, 224 Everhardt, 643 Everett. II, 132, 507, 698, 699 Kwing, 298, 392 Eyre, 530, 718 Fairbanks, 691 Fan-child, 311, 401, 406, 505 Fairfax, 601 Fairfield, 271 Fairlie, 157 Fairly, 400 Fanning,269,3i6, 317, 321, 322, 323, 325, 33°, 332, 466, 470, 554, 559, 560, 561, 567 Fapscott, 370 Farguson, 650 Farnam, 514 Farqueson, 370 Farquhar, 411 Farquharson, 312 Farr, 702 Farragut, 408, 411, 424 Farrar, 387 Farrington, 260 Favill, 685 Fay, io, 418, 714 Fayette, 285 Faxon, 488, 491 Fegely, 140, 141 Feller, 433 Felt, 38 Felton, 420 Fenner, 598, 696 Fenton, 689 Fenwick, 221, 223, 668, 669, 670, 719 Ferguson, 491, 529 Fernald, 427 Fernow, 276, 701 Ferrel, 332 Ferry, 616 Few, 564 Ficken, 697 Field, 108, 267, 423, 593, 596, 694, 699 Finch, 638 Finley, 143 Finn, 211, 215 Finney, 248 Firth, 223 Fish, 154, 156, 165, 170, 178, 191, 498, 5", 603 Fishbourne, 242, Fisher, 380, 437, 516, 588, 596, 685 Fisk, 174 Fiske, 615, 707 Fitch, 266, 507, 609, 697 Fitzgerald, 619, 716 Fitzhugh, 438, 716 Flavel, 132 Fleet, 420 Fleming, 178 Fletcher, 616, Flick, 689 Flix, 433 Flint, 598 Floyd, 424 Folk, 140 Follett, 296 Folsom, 493, 717 Fontaine, 493 Foot, 432 Foote, 132, 319, 387, 436, 471, 485, 490, 554, 561, 562, 592, 610, 717 Forbes, 1 76, 280, 281, 308, 310, 576> 6l3 Force, 609, 689 Ford, 128, 132, 205, 384, 491, 716 Forman, 706 Forrest, 452 Forsyth, 129, 132, 264, 265, 384, 385, 408, 493, 638 Forsythe, 541 Fort, 681 Foster, 286, 381, 389, 396, 413, 518, 618, 644, 645, 691, 699, 700, 706 Foulke, 264 Fowler, 154, 594, 706 Fox, 132 Fraley, 449 Francis, 491 Frank, 407 Franklin, 66, 131, 147, 152, 159, 213, 214, 215, 216, 265, 297, 3°7, 321, 378, 395, 440, 496, 500, 616, 680, 687, 697, 698, 701 Frazee, 696, 706 Frazer, 513, 515, 644, 704 Frazier, 496, 541 Freeborne, 108 Freeland, 492,605, 701 Freeman, 384,388, 407, 416, 417 Frelinghuysen, 287, 291, 489, 680,681, 706 Fremont, 699 Frick, 382 Friedenwold, 682, Frisbee, 19, 131, 717 Fritz, 140 Frohock, 321, 558, 559, 56l Fry, 140 Frye, 385, 473 Fuller, 243, 498, 702, 703 Futhey 348 Gadsden, 696, 697 Gage, 499, 687 Gaither, 500 Gale, 515, 616 Galloupe, 408, 600, 687, 697 Galpin, 387 XIV The American Historical Register. Gamble, 441,445, 493, 529, 532, 537 Gansevool, 666 Gansevoort, 416 Gardiner,255,256, 419, 420, 484, 508, 512, 592, 599, 608, 715 Gardner, 28, 29, 3°. 31, 209, 278, 639, 715 Garesche, 544 Garfield, 699 Garland, 685, 691 Garrett, 270 Garrick, 28 Garrison, 610 Garven, 105 Gaston, 312, 438 Gates, 122, 136 156, 265, 496, 595, 619 Gatley, 408 Gauin, 145 Gawn, 145 Gay, 426 Gaylord,2i9, 386, 607, 611 Gazzam, 222 Geary, 604 Geddes, 629, Gelston, 307 Genet, 222, 223 Gentry, 488 Gerffee, 425 Gerritsen, 337 Gerry, 391, 698, 699 Geyer, 448, 452 Gherardi, 406,426, 5" Gibbon, 240, 406, 688 Gibbons, 188,222, 5°5 Gibbs, 413, 421, 595, 7oo, 716 Gibson, 223, 450, 452, 5'8, 538, 691 Giddins, 672 Gihon, 613 Gilbert, 273, 488, 590 683, 688 Gilchrist, 388 Gile, 504 Giles, 300, 686 Gilham, 601 Gill, 505 Gillespie, 421, 632 Cillespie, 594,598 Gilliland, 493 Gillingham, 577 Gilman, 492, 691, Gilmore, 123 Gilpin, 540, 541, 603 Gimbrede, 173 Gist, 248 Glaiborne, 601 Gleason, 616 Glenn, 130, 135 Glentworth, 52Z Glazebrook, 387, 490 Glover, 16 Goble, 287, 584, 699 Goddard, 396, 706, 714 Goff, 19, 268, 286 Goldsborough, 152, 541 Goldsmith, 217 Gomperts, 699 Gooch, 438 Goode, 413,^594, 682, 699 Goodell, 400, 506, 5i6, 597 Goodhue, 506 Goodloe, 610 Goodpasture, 270 Goodrich, 696 Goodsell, 606 Goodwin, 31, 263, 276, 491, 497, 514, 7°i Gordon, 32, 135, 150, 216, 217, 272, 286, 308, 373, 423, S65 Gore, 8, 9, 12, 13, 213 Gorham, 147 Gorman, 218 Gorrell, 145 Gorton, 108 Gottschall, 140 Gould, 135, 427 Gouverneur, 541 Govert, 39 Graeffe, 132 Graff, 613 Graham, 156,309, 382, 391, 519, 666, 689 Gr.int, 130, 135, 148, 222, 272, 423, 500, 508, 510, 520, 589, Grant, 590, 683, 688, 689, 699, 708 Granville, 464 Graves, 262 Gravieu, 198 Gray, 276, 467, 503, 666 Grayden, 429,430, 431 Grayson, 716 Greely, 699 Green, 108, 197, 264, 267, 296, 298, 307, 376, 393, 394, 420, 497, 5°5, 5!7, 6i5 Greene, 108, 143, 144, 150, 246, 394, 395, 396, 414, 438, 49>, 515,592 Greenhalge, 394, 701 Greenleaf, 367, 371 Gregg, 505 Gregory, 108, 184, 186, 417 Grellette, 340 Grennel, 515 Greve, 495, 609, 700 Grey, 517, 685 Gribben, 128,497, 498 Grider, 488 Grier, 688 Griffin, 405, 670 Griffing, 147 Griffith, 134, 500, 690 Griffiths, 286 Griffitt, 525 Griffitts, 302 Grigs, 663 Griggs, 592, 681, 7°3 Grimball, 686 Grimes, 411, 513 Griscom, 222 Griswold, 286, 576, 592, 607 Grizel, 310 Groce, 493 Groom, 105 Gross,49i,595,69i ( irosse, 597 Grosvenor, 396 401, 706 Grotjan, 526 Grout, 503 Groves, 450 Gude, 390, 701 Guert, 651 Gurley, 594 Guthrie, 702 Hacker, 668 Hadel, 261, 500, 5°5 Hagan, 130, 135, 423, 699 Hahn, 140 Haight, 505, 692 Haines, 221 Hains, 591, 592, 616 Halcomb, 608 Hale, 406, 420, 427, 488, 503, 591, 592, 604, 612 Hall, 128, 285, 380, 388, 434, 43°, 492, 5°3, 516, 517, 518, 595, 605, 616, 661, 698 Hallett, 673 Halley, 616 Hallowell, 616 Halsey, 287, 289, 300 Halstead, 683 Halsted, 292, 294, 295 Halzell, 307 Ham, 18, 19 Hambright, 448 Hamilton, 40, 41, 140, 144, 156, 167, 170 186 184, 286, 30, 39T, 498, 576,592,616, 705, 172, 271,3 '9, 489, 5i6,589,599, 692, 716, 493,541,591,609, 700,717 Hamlin, 681, 699 Hammond, 156, 189, 248, 691 Hampton, 18, 66 HaDCock, 4, 6, 8, 595^ 17- 369,719 Hand, 43, 646, 647 223,596, 604, Index — Surnames. xv Handy, 234, 719 Haner, 140 Hann, 140 Hanna, 143, 144, 349 Hanotaux, 434 Hansbrough, 682 Hansen, 284 Hanson, 577, 716 Happer, 414 Harden, 135, 591 Hardin, 598, 699 Harding, 28, 31, 34, 209, 381, 586 Hardy, 132, 156 Hares, 577 Harkey, 141 Harkness, 396 Harmar, 242 Harmon, 501,697 Harmond, 327 Harnett, 514 Harper, 445, 516, 636, 689 Harrington, 14, 408, 409, 412, 616 Harris, 108, 156, 210, 211, 318, 329, 33°, 33 S, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 381, 390, 404, 448, 467, 493, 583, 584, 616, 646 Harrison,i49,225, 227, 286, 371, 390, 391, 417, 426, 438, 488, 495, 5", 573, 594, 603, 610, 686, 716 Harrod, 230 Hart, 24, 105,222, 305, 306, 438, 440, 467, 495, 554 Hartley, 380 Hartshorne, 40 Hartsock, 610 Hartwell, 696 Harvey, 378, 380, 562 Harvie, 500 Hasbrouck, 176, 708 Hastie, 686, 697 Hastings, 597,687 Hatch, 147, 392, 423, 424, 5", Hatch, 591, 592, 594, 616, 692 Hatherell, 620 Haus, 140 Hausknecht, 140, 141 Hauxhurst, 498 Havemeyer, 491 Haverlads, 38 Haviland, 538 Hawkins, 697 Hawks, 283, 471 Hay, 287, 308 Hayden, 147,406, 5I2,594,7°2 Hayes, 58b, 592 Haynes, 598 Haywood, 592, 593 Hazard, 108 Hazewell, 691 Heady, 420 Heard, 300 Heath, 276, 434, 435, 63& Heberton, 434 Hedden, 287 Hedge, 221, 222 Heermance, 514 Hefelin, 139, 140 Heffly, 139 Heffner, 140 Heini, 140 Heintzelman,Heisser, 140 Heitman, 618 Held, 142 Hemeks, 668 Hemphill, 273, 435 Henderson, 242, ¦ 270, 329, 464, 465, 466, 467, 554, 555, 561, 699 Hendrich, 433 Hendricks, 604 Hendrickson, 338 Hening, 137 Henninger, 140 Henry, 192, 269, 414, 465, 500, 590, 607, 682, 699, 701, 705 Hensel, 273 Herbst, 140 Herdman, 517 Hergesheimer, 449 Herkimer, 385, 416 173 Herman, 704 Herrgeroly, 140 Herrick, 391, 434, 590 Herring, 275 Herron, 596 Heuvel, 442 Heyr, 718 Heyward, 497 Hickenlooper, 401, 689 Hickox, 606 Hicks, 268, 340, 713 Hide, 616 Hiester, 520, 585, 719 Higgins, 616 Hildebrandt, 140 Hill, 139, 140, 505, 592, 595, 606, 607, 671, 682, 686 Hillegas, 520 Hillhouse, 671 Hills, 700 Hillyer, 390, 423 Hindman, 639 Hines, 499, 593 Hinkle, 495, 593 Hinrichsen, 606 Hinsdale, 25, 421 Hirt, 141 Hitchcock, 495, 616, 689 Hoar, 432 .Hoare, 495 Hobart, 130 Hobby, 665, 667 Hodel, 599 Hodenpyl, 713 Hodge, 486, 573, 594, 609, 695 Hodges, 616 Hoff, 408, 512 Hoffa, 140 Hoffman, 605, 636, 680, 681, 697 Hogan, 332 Hogg, 379, 381, 699 Holbert, 215 Holbrook, 712 Holcomb, 386 Holcombe, 491 Holden, 108, 426, 485, 616 Holder, 144 Holding, 109 Holgate, 277 Holladay, 503, 593 Holland, 382 Hollenback, 213, 583 Holley, 494 Hollingshead, 221, 222 Hollister, 35, 214, 495 Holloway, 500 Holmes, 39, 130, 223, 340, 382, 596, 697, 707 Holstein, 448 Holt, 329, 467 Holyman, 108 Homer, 663 Hone, 592 Hood, 413, 596, 690 Hook, 643 Hooper, 261, 316, 369, 687 Hoopes, 273, 603, 704 Hopkins, 109, 395, 438, 487, 578 Hopkinson, 540, 638 Hopper, 145 Hoppin, 419 Horn, 309, 310 Home, 393, 427 Hornor, 718 Horsfield, 608 Horsmanden, 227 Hortori, 133, 333 Hosea, 697 Hoslinger, 274 Hosmer, 497 Hoss, 682 Hotchkiss, 286, 602 Hough, 301, 306, 3°7, 436 Houghteling, 676 Houghton, 274, 276, 496, 520, 696 House, 381 Houston, 517,666 Howard, 109,128 334, 396, 56l> 599, 616, 642, 643, 699, 7oo, 702, 705 Howe, 156, 265, 331, 4i8, 426, 487, 574, 686 The American Historical Register. Howell, 325, 464, 516, 559, 568, 569. 57o, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 578, 611,615 Howerden, 147, 277 Howarden, 277 Howes, 494, 616, 702 Howland, 1 34, 515 Hoyt, 285, 590, 605, 684 Hubbard, 272, 406, 503, 608, 698, 699 Hubbell, 262, 5°3, 595, 603, 607, 619, 660, 661, 680, 681 Huber, 603 Hudson, 108, 577, 700 Huerta, 525 Huff, 597 Huffington, 517 Huger, 170, 543 Hugh, 147, 699 Hughes, 414, 611 Hulings, 142 Hull, 6, 18, 393, 607, 704 Hulmes, 40 Hummel, 140 Humphrey, 108, 387 Humphreys, 131, 529, 705, 7°6, 716 Humphries, 333 Hunt, 42, 123, 136, 138, 139, 282, 400, 420, 426, 488, 506, 594, 604, 706 Hunter, 325, 435, 464, 466, 496, 55d, 612, 688 Huntington, 388 Hurd, 417, 593, 690, 694 Hurlbert, 705 Hurlburt, 517 Husbands, 327 33°, 332, 333, 334, 464, 469, 558,559,5^2 Hutcheson, 435 Hutchins, 221,590 Hutchinson, 108, 109, 278, 435, 577 Huxford, 406, 504 Huyck, 149 Hyatt, 604, Hyde, 579 Iglehart, 261, 505, 685 Ilyus, 381 Ingalls, 688 Ingersoll, 218, 445, 527, 54°, 54i, 544, 593, 638, 694 Ingraham, 507 Inman, 184 Iredell, 313, 382, 564 Ireland, 405 Irvine, 242, 309, 310, 311, 312, 522 Irving, 149, 510 Irwin, 308, 382, 708 Irwyn, 308 Isham, 591, 592 Izard, 537, 542 Jack, 429 Jackson, 130, 135, 232, 233, 281, 33'. 386, 394, 396, 400, 497, 522, 526, 543, 592, 616, 681, 687, 698 Jacobs, 689 Jaquett, 626, 625 Jaeger, 141 Jamar, 500 James, 108, 118, 343, 436, 488, 705 Jameson, 440 Jandon, 541 Janeway, 573, 603 Jans, 142 Janvier, 516, 5 17 Taques, 616 Jarvis, 70 1, Jay, 152,161,383, 609, 706 Jefferson, 8, 66, 422, 451, 595, 601, 699, 707 Jeffries, 135 Jeffris, 495 Jenkins, 28, 36, 209, 220, 340- 346, 387, 498, Jenkins, 579, 580, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 685, 697, 701 Jennings, 573 Jervis, 372 Jessop, 577 Jewell, 491 Jewett, 128, 134, 135, 391 Jochemsen, 338 John, 585 Johns, 141 Johnson, 170, 173, 316, 381, 382, 433, 488, 496> 505, 515, 522, 536, 554, 592, 610, 611, 614, 620, 641, 683, 691, 696, 697, 699 Johnston, 311, 33°, 331, 520, 562, 566, 602. 685, 716 Johnstone, 135 Jones, 31, 147, 264, 265, 311, 333, 381, 382, 391, 421, 424, 488, 493, 495, 519, 562, 564, 574, 59i, 595, 595, 605, 609, 618, 638, 643, 690, 697 Jordan, 260, 380, 687 Judkins, 495, 609, 700 Judson, 440 Jungerich, 704 Kane, 188, 540 Karnes, 418, 487 Kauffman, 382 Kay, 540 Kean, 541 Keane, 287 Kearney, 42 Keemle, 526 Keen, 276 Keena, 132 Keenan, 492, 605 Keeport, 685 Kehser, 140 Keim, 699 Keith, 308, 309, 720 Kelchner, 140 Kelley, 40S Kelly, 432, 485, 537, 592, 682 Kemble, 653 Kemp, 594 Kemper, 156, 280, 281 Kempsball, 490 Kenan, 593 Kendal, 714 Kendall, 123,148, 590, 609, 689, 690 Kendrick, 438 Kenly, 414 Kennedy.488,526, 576, 685, 701, 713 Kenney, 273 Kennon, 142 Kent, 170, 272, 287 Kenyon, 383, 577 Kepler, 589 Kerfoot, 389,515, 605, 606, 685 Kern, 140 Kernochan, 268 Kerr, 597 Kersey, 638 Kessler, 444 Ketcham, 681, Ketchum, 507 Key, 128,147,261, 493, 6l3, 7°4, 705 Keyes, 58S, 589, 616 Keyser, 278, 406, 512 Kid, 522 Kidder, 421, 514, 686,716 Kierstode, 284 Killian, 140 Kimball, 427 Kimberley, 495 Kimberly, 500 Kirabrough, 334 Kincaid, 263 King, 155, 311, 39o, 392, 393, 401, 419, 424, 429, 438.. 44°, 488, 503, 595, 603, 712, 714, 720 Kinkade, 492 Kinley, 144 Kinney, 287, 300, 386, 387, 492, 704 Index — Surnam es. xvu Kinsey, 306 Kinsley, 172, 407, 658 Kip, 674 Kirby, 685 Kirkham, 596 Kirkland, 10 Kirkman, 515 Kirkwood, 405 Kittell, 689 Klapp, 592 Klein, 140 Kline, 141 Knapp, 474, 663 Knight, 265, 394, 396, 397, 513 Knoskee, 141 Knott, 699 Knowles, 683 Knowlton, 276, 277, 691 Knox, 506 Kohler, 140, 382 Kollock,300, 516, 517 Komb, 140 Koon, 139 Koplinger, 140 Kortwright, 674 Koues, 138, 281, 282 Kraft, 139, 140 Kramer, 139, 140 Kramlich, 141 Kuhn, 140 Kuhns, 141 Kulin, 139 Kunkel, 147 Kutz, 140, 141 Ladd, 446, 570, 572, 573 Ladson, 312 Lafayette, 1-27, 122, 128, 151- 194, 197, 201, 205, 206, 208, 262, 270, 272, 273, 278, 287- 3°7, 37°, 380, 3,94, 395, 427, 441-453, 490, 496, 515, 521- 544, 574, 605, 606, 608, 621- 643 Lafelen, 616 Lajus, 544 Lamar, 135 Lamb, 152, 153, J56, 391, 492, Lamb, 610, 611 Laffingwell, 592 Livingston, 283, Lambert, 332 Leg^ett, 150,590, 284, 419, 426, Lambertscn, 666 689 436, 484, 609, Lamson, 719 Legrew, 392 667, 692, 697 Lamon, 620 Lehman, 141 Livingstone, 345 La Motte, 596 Leib, 437 Lloyd, 9,467, Lane, 190, 370 Leigh, 149 573, 634 Langdon, 19, 26, Leighton, 545 Locke, 330, 371 420, 593, 697 Leiper, 423, 603, Lockerman, 39 Lansing, 158, 191, 621 Lockett, 388, 705 417 " ' Leiser, 382 Lockhart, 614 Lardner, 304, 305, Leisler, 672, 673, Lockwood, 376, 429, 43°, 431, 675 389, 391, 41.3, 541 Lenox, 522, 539 699 Larkin, 506 Leo, 699 Lodge, 603 Lary, 666 Leonard, 143,268, Logan, 265, 595, Latch, 605 416, 597, 604, 596 Latham, 598 609, 692, 714 Long, 381, 389 Lathrop, 292,378, Le Roy, 127, 592, LoDgfellow, 474, 389, 692, 699 597, 692, 698 492, 701 Latimer, 380, 522 Leslie, 133, 309, Longfield, 41 La Touche, 720 714 Longstreth, 577 Latrobe, 260 Letisily, 667 Loomis, 154, 616, Latta, 645 Levering, 427,500 702 Laughlin, 276 Le Vasseur, 24, Lotbiniere, 614 Lauman, 595 544, 638, 639, Lothrop, 394, 610, Laurens, 544, 716 643 705 Laurie, 105 Leverett, 418, 696 Loud ,--264, 265 JLawrie, 425 Levi, 402 Loudon, 65 Lauzun, 205 Lewis, 31, 135, Love, 608 Law, 604, 608 154, 170, 177, Lovejoy, 494, 499 Laws, 333, 495 178, 179, 185, Loveli, 473 Lawrence, 277, 262, 266, 273, Lovewell, 474 37°, 371, 488 3<52, 3°5, 334, Low, 330, 398, 666. 692, 671- 445, 452, 496, 409 676; 705 497, 5°°, 5°5, Lowden, 592 Lawton, 135,383, 532, 544, 573, Lowe, 312 384, 608 611, 618, 684, Lower, 650 Lawyer, 268, 384, 695, 7°7, 716 Lowndes, 697 417,697 Libbey, 513 Lowrens, 717 Lazarus, 492, 605 Lieper, 541 Lowry, 269, 408, Lazinka, 515 Lighthall, 143,614 409, 411 Lea, 149, 319 Ligonier, 143 Loyall, 408 Leach, 497 Lilley, 2S6 Loyd, 409 Leakin, 636, 685 Lilly, 686 Luckett, 147 Learning, 38 Lincoln, n, 42, Ludin, 699 Leavenworth, 689 260, 279, 405, Ludlow, 403, 705 Leaycroft, 156 487, 618, 620 Lukens, 717 Le Baron, 702 Lindsley, 681 Lumberson, 412, le Brun, 656 Lineaweaver, 604 687 Ledyard, 263,607 Lippincott, 440, Lund, 279, 280 Lee, 16, 20, 133, 520 Lunt, 606, 685 148, 149, 294, Lippitt, 396, 596 Lush, 182 307, 399, 494, Litchfield, 607 Lygh, 149 505, 506, 515, Lithgow, 131,697 Lyle, 275, 609 594, 595, 598, Litterell, 467 Lyman, 25, 392, 663, 699, 707, Little, 428, 696 395, 691 710, 711, 712 Livingston, 147, Lynch, 284 7H I56, 175, !76, Lynn, 147, 707 Leech, 142 177, 178, 180, Lyon, 277, 287, Leffingwell, 485, 183, 193, 277, 554, 720 XV111 The American Historical Register. McClellan, 273 McClelland, 392, 601 McCloskie, 348 McClung, 388 McClurg, 620 McCord, 371 McCormick, 260 . McCulloch, 562 McCullough, 262, 5°3 McCurley, 408, 409, 411, 412, 512, 599, 687 McDaniel, 616 McDonald, 393 McDonough, 132 McDougall, 666 McDowell, 135, 420, 701 McEuen, 541 McFarland, 608, McGee, 132, 376, 389, 452 McGifnn, 402 McGill, 493, 610 McGlenen, 682 McGonkey, 273 McGoon, 332 McGregor, 281 McHenry, 575, 716 Mcllvaine 445, 523, 540 Mclntire, 597 Mclnto-h, 119, 120, 312 McKee, 265, 380, 381, 382, 389, 417 McKelway, 681 McKenzie, 310 311, 312 McKim, 488, 594 McKinlay, 260 McKinley, 123, 135, 276 McKinney, 242, 251 McKinstry, 503, 691 McKnight, 381, 382, 7°4 McLain, 616 McLane, 522,624, 625, 628, 636 McLaren, 488 McLean, 264,265, 276, 376, 389, 434, 435, 436, 488, 492, 708 Lyons, 393, 517, Marshall, 371, ' 601, 602, 691, 379, 393, 4o6, 707 422, 516, '17, Lysle, 492 616, 685, 699, Lyster, 421, 514 7°3 Lytle, 370, 554 Marston,4o8, 512 Mabie, 488 Martin, 174, 307, Macaulay, 240 313, 382, 467, Maccrea, 156, 173 470, 488, 555, MacDonald, 699 559, 6l°> 636, Macdonough, 600, 639, 643, 7°o, 687 708, 712 Maceright, 616 Marye, 143 Machan, 146 Mases, 706 Macintosh, 118 Mason, 387, 391, Mackenzie, 589, 408, 409, 488, 599 497, 49s, 500, MacKinlay, 276 705 MacLean, 618 Massey, 499, 596 MacMillan, 440 Massie, 706 Macock, 137, 282, Masury, 499, 702, Macomb, 408,409, 7°3 412, 643, 697 Mather, 216, 361, Macomber, 150 547, 552 Macpherson, 667 Mathes, 378, 388, Maddox, 315,378, 389 389 Mathews, 547 Madison, 229, Matlocks, 333 389, 390, 397, Matthews, 269, 516, 610, 691, 385. 420, 448 7°5, 7" Maturin, 692 Magee, 423, 603 Mauk, 140 Mahan, 146 Mauran, 396 Mahin, 611 Max, 704 Mahon, 146 Maxwell, 130, Mallett, 610, 659 393 Mallory, 28, 190 Maximilian, 589 Man, 616 May, 423, 690 Manchester, 285 Mayer, 407 Manderson, 688 Mayhew, 265 Mandrillon, 205 Maylem, 473, 476, Mann, 713 477 Manning, 276, Maynard, 280, 434, 435, 689 615, 619 Manson, 487 Mayo, 601, 602, March, 507 691 Marcy, 32 McAllister, 699 Marine, 261, 687 McAvery, 510 Marion, 228, 595, McBride, 29, 702 697 McCaddon, 327 Maris, 578 McCall, 445, 519 Manx, 517 541, 589 Markland, 242, McCandless, 381, 522 382 Maroni, 512 McCaron, 333 Marquette, 439 McCarthy, 608, Marrias, 503 697 Marsh, 295, 387, McCartney, 34, 503, 714 145, 264, 586, Marshall, 264, 604, 617, 618 278, 285, 309, McClandish, 702 McMahon, 446 McMaster, 440 McMillan, 497, 683, 694 McMullen, 683, 700 McMund, 332 McNair, 406, 554 McNeal, 334 McNitt, 146 McPherson, 526 McRee, 313, 564, 567 McReeve, 393 McVicker, 405 McWiUiams, 497 498, 593, 6l2 Mead, 160, 663, 665, 667 Meade, 591, 601, 706, 716 Mears, 577 Meares, 686 Mease, 137, 282 Medlock, 324 Meldrim, 130, 135 Mellon, 382 Melville, 269, 406, 407, 411, 412, 495, 691, 697 Mendenhall, 578 Menzies, 590 Mercer, 574 Merchant, 295 Mercur, 488, 603 Meredith, 541 Meriweather, 690 Merkel, 139, 140 Merrick, 386 Merrickman, 589 Merrill, 128, 392, 5°5, 613 Merritt, 590, 592 Messenger, 610, 7°5 Messier, 382 Messner, 145 Metcalf, 109, 497, 592 Metcalfe,403,59i, 659 Merwin, 598 Meyer, 122 Meyers, 261, 420 Mtax, 711 Mickley, 382 Middleton, 391, 598 Mifflin, 519, 520, Index — Surnames. XIX Mifflin, 541, 577, 597, 619, 677, 678, 679, 716 Miles, 402, 406, 415,425,5" Miller, 61, 121, 128, 140, 141, 161, 176, 197, 223, 277, 334, 385, 387, 408, 513, 59i, 594, 605, 606, 611, 681, 702 Mills, 261, 268, 346, 416, 505 Milnor, 526 Miltenberger, 636 Milton, 691, 706 Miner,34, 35,219, 220, 394, 396, 502 Mingay, 382 Minnich. 520 Minor, 283 Mitchell, 275, 332, 512, 519, 528, bio Mizner, 132, 404 M'Lean, 308 Molenaer, 338 Monaghan, 273 Monfort, 497, 562 Monges, 540, 544 Monneron, 166 Monro, 554 Monroe, 279, 424, 431, 589, 681, 682 Montfort, 562 Montgomery, 147, 173, 170, 192, 256, 387, 4°7, 449, 493, 5'1, 595, 646, 663, 667 Moore, 22, 223, 248, 256, 260, 265, 3'3, 329, 331, 334, 437, 464, 47°, 49°, 508, 518, 556, 566, 567, 615, 622, 625, 634 Moores, 562 Moorhead, 382, 704 Mordaunt, 227 Morehead, 392 Morgan, 24, 25, 122, 124, 125, '3°, 135, 154, Morgan, 255,256, 260, 261, 205, 346, 374, 375, 426, 429, 469, 488, 505, 508, 510, 512, 565, 59i, 592, 599, 607, 609, 619, 687, 692 Morrell, 445 Morrill, 19 Morris, 136, 142, 154, 256, 264, 265, 281, 371, 387, 393, 442, 445, 453, 5°8, 528, 539, 540, 54i, 543. 577, 611, 634, 636, 639, 686, 691, 706 Morse, 439 Morton, 142, 156, 170, 269, 287, 291, 383, 4i8, 511, 596, 690 Moseley, 427 Mott, 710, 715 Motte, 700 Motts, 666 Moulton, 427 Mowbray, 517 Mowry, 604 Moylan, 716 Mudge, 549 Muger, 659 Muhlenberg, 141, 520 Muir, 162, 164, 192 Mullin, 616 Mumford, 30, 540 Munn, 288, 291, 293, 608, Munsells, 671 Munson, 689 Munyon, 380, 605 Munro, 267 Munsell, 285 Murfee, 270 Murphey, 268 Murphy, 666, 680, 681 Murray, 161, 278, 371, 402, 513, 576, 617, 696 Musthill, 309 Muzzey, 14 Muzzy, 386 Myer, 177 Myers, 504, 593, 594 Myers, 598 Myles, 399 Mylin, 381, 704 Nabby, 583, 584 Nairn, 666 Nancrede, 540, 544 Naps, 663 Nash, 333, 334, 467, 554, 555, 558, 561, Neal, 251 Neff, 609 Negro, 616 Neill, 136 Neilson, 492, 500, 701 Nellis, 268, 416 Nelson, 399, 402, 425, 492, 615, 691, 706 Nesbit, 213 Nevill, 227 Nevin, 390 Nevins, 405 Newberry, 700 Newbold, 577 Newcomb, 386, 387, 606, 682, 702 Newell, 149, 386, 488 Newman, 268 Newport. 393, 497, 612 Newton, 392, 495, 611, 687, 691 Nichol, 505 Nicholas, 395, 527, 531, 54o, 672, 081, 717 Nichols, 25, 383, 393, 407, 513, 598, 681, 692, 700 Nicholson, 406, 492, 605, 643 Nickless, 145 Nicklin, 526 Nickson, 638 Nicolls, 672 Ninigret, 715 Nixon, 514 Noag, 332 Noble, 371, 426 Nock, 597 Norris, 513, 540 North, 149, 381, 522, 604 Northrup, 490 Norton, 156, 262, Norton, 263, 39°, 393, 420, 700 Nottingham, 608 Noyes, 148, 488, 593, 6o7, 683, 690, 691, 705 Nugent, 405 Nutt, 516 Nux, 143 Nyce, 520 Oakley, 176 O'Callaghan, 434, 435 O'Donoghue, 492 O'Ferrall, 602 Ogden, 294, 300, 5*3, 6o3, 681 Ogilvie, 310, 611 Oglesby, 484 Oglethorpe, 377, 494 Ogston, 309 O'Hara, 130 Ohlinger, 140 Olcott, 507, 687 Oldham, 146 Olds, 616 Olendorf, 489 Oliphant, 222, 706 Oliver, 382 Olmstead, 26, 505 Olmsted, 539 Olney, 108, 186, 395, 611, 697, 698 Olyphant, 592 Olys, 691 Onderdonk, 472 O'Neil, 530, 600 Ordway, 406, 504 Orme, 130, 135, 39° Orr, 698 Orville, 681 Osbon, 718 Osborn, 329, 555 Osborne,388, 555, 558, 562, 699 Osgood, 598, 696 0' Shan ter, 566 Otis, 341, 342, 343, 392, 583, 607, 685 Ottilie, 401 Owaneco, 344,345 Owen, 717 Packard, 493 Page, 260, 382, 500, 510, 590, 611, 691 The American Historical Register, Paget, 620 Paige, 404 Paihet, 544 Paine, 190, 607 Painter, 380, 381, 382, 495 Pajeau, 392 Palfrey, 716 Pallascos, 535 Palmer, 178, 228, 234, 392, 401,. 491, 492, 529> 5!>9, 618 Pargny, 393 Park, 227 Parker, 9, 128, 271, 272, 370, 394, 402, 509, 607, 610, 615, 618, 661, 683, 693, 697 Parkman, 615 Parks, 695 Parsons, l6, 26, 388, 401, 586 Parry, 577 Paschall, 400,570 Pastorius, 142 Patillo, 327 Patterson, 180, 243, 261, 265, 445, 446, 488, 519, 528, 535, 540, 543, 583, 596, 638, 639 Patton, 591 Paul, 407, 408, 412, 697, 720 Pawlin, 190 Payne, 592 Paynter, 517 Peabody, 491, 494, 499, 7°2 Peale, 195, 200, 442, 446, 575, 576 Pearre, 134, 610 Pearson, 263,333, 600, 687 Pease, 495 Peck, 398, 494, 498, 499, 589, 607, 680 Pedraza, 681 Peel, 422 Pegan, 616 Pegram, 143, Peirson, 588 Peleus, 477 Pelham, 149, 71 8 Pell, 511 Pelton, 491 Pemberton, 577 Pembrooke, 492 Penet, 716 Penn, 38, 105, 130, 140, 14', 144, 148, 216, 221, 307, 380, 513, 569, 570 Pennimore, 526 Pennington, 300, 542, 701 Pennypacker, 427, 520 Penrose, 445 Pentris, 265, 266 Percival, 173 Percy, 472 Peres, 522 Perin, 492, 593, 605, 609 Perkins, 392, 496, 506, 514, 611, 612, 615, 616, 707 Perkinson, 616 Pernival, 5 17 Perrine, 604 Person, 334 Perry, 122, 123, 261, 298, 408, 411, 488, 504, 5IO, 597 Peters, 420, 446, 448, 526, 532, 535, 539, 540, 542, 544, 593, 611, 638 Peyton, 516 Phelps, 2->2, 264, 4°5, 491, 5l6, 517 Phifer, 328 Philbrick, 133 Philbrook, 131, 261, 408, 409, 411, 412, 600, 687, 697 Phillimore, 720 Phillipine, 142 Phillips, 141, 144 273, 3°6, 705 Phinney, 14, 15, 496 Phisterer, 268 Plunkitt, 402 Piatt, 300 Pickering, 17, 18, 213, 214 Picket, 607 Pierce, 268, 400, Pierce, 590, 592, 595, 702, 7", 7i3,7i8 Pierpont, 391 Pierrepont, 438 Pierepont, 488 Pike, 413, 427 Pilch er, 515 Pillsbury, 497, 498 Pinckard, 371 Pinckney, 683, 686, 697 Pinto, 423, 511 Pitcairn, 432, 615 Pitcher, 385 Pitkin, 491 Pitney, 128 Pitt, 381, 495 Pittman, 132 Piatt, 156, 170, 599, °8l Plattenburg, 698 Pleasanton, 173 Pleasants, 601, 707 Pluck, 449 Plume, 156 Plummer, 388, 506, 590 Plumsted, 105 Poe, 132, 403, 404, 492, 500, 591, 605, 701 Polk, 329, 517, 562, Polley, 616 Pomeroy, 133, 663 Pope, 280, 281, 702, 714 Popham, 156, 161 Porter, 25, 108, 125, 134, 260, 265, 266, 269, 402, 408, 409, 411, 412, 414, 511, 512, 514, 523, 588, 596, 608, 681, 718 Post, 337 Poston, 500 Potter, 108, 408, 4", 512 Potwin, 685 Powel, 437 Powell, 223, 311, 312, 525, 577, 611 Power, 108, 144, Power, 702 Pratt, 616, 712, 713 Prentice, 345 Prescott, 394, 696 Presloy, 716 Preston, 388, 596 Prettymen, 517 Prevost, 441 , 446, 448, 540, 542 Price, 147, 500 Priestman, 634 Prime, 473, 478 Primrose, 505 Pringle, 686 Proctor, 385, 503, 608 Pruyn, 268, 512 Pryor, 562, 699 Pugb, 420, 566, 593, 693 Pugsley, 488 Pulaski, 574, 636 Pumpelly, 697 Purcell, 611 Put, 664, 666 Putnam, 387, 389, 490, 499, 596, 598, 663, 697, 699, 703 Putney, 602 Pyle, 221 Pyke, 614 Pyne, 387 Quarles, 589 Quier, 402 Quincy, 1-20,640, 681 Quintard, 60 J Radcliff, 603 Radchffe, 307 Rademan, 338 Ragan, 576 Ragland, 142 Ralston, 435,526, 533 Ramsay, 309, 310 Ramsey, 404,414, 683, 689 Rand, 406, 713 Randall, 108,618, 693 Randies, 382 Randolph, 371, 391, 438, 699, 716 Rankin, 541 Rantoul, 506 Rareshide, 279 Rathbone, 421, 514 Index — Surnames. xxi Ravenel, 686 Rawdon, 384 Rawle, 143 Rawson, 420 Read, 214, 267, 268, 273, 417, 434, 542, 606, 614, 630, 632 634, 663, 664, 666, 691, 697 Reade, 121, 419, 420, 499, 509 Reaney, 132 Reber, 139, 140, 141 Redsecker, 427 Reed, 14, 178, 180, 378, 429, S1S» 53o, 642, 685,716 Reeves, 248 Reichert, 520 Reid, 269, 334 Reidetel, 496 Reiger, 140 Rembrandt, 659 Remick, 427,608, 702 Remington, 135 Rennolds, 602 Revere, 395, 494, 608, 682, 697, 702, 714 Reybold,529Reynolds, 108, 218, 287, 448, 604 Reynor, 549 Rhand, 526 Rhett, 494, 700 Rhind, 424 Rhinelander, 268 Rhoades, 402 Rhodes, 267,488, 603 Rice, 604, 616 Rich, 145, 497, 616 Richard, 108 Richards, 141, 389, 504- 520, 610, 682, 702, 714 Richardson, 40, 285, 333, 390, 414, 484, 488, 495, 5oo, 515, 516, 575, 609, 616,693,699 Richart, 28, 209, 340, 579, 586 Richelieu, 485 Richmond, 396 Rick, 140 Ricks, 589, 689 Ricksecker, 273 Ridgeley, 134, 180, 500, 634, 685 Riggs, 287, 387, 705 Riker, 284 Riley, 705 Ring, 128 Ripley, 595 Risley, 699 Ritchie, 128 Riter, 448, 449 River, 688 Rivers, 222, 270, 292, 293 Roach, 390, 522, 536 Roane, 690 Robb, 371, 419 Robbins, 394, 685 Roberts, 334, 398, 437, 540, 600, 611, 618, 700 Robertson, 616 Robeson, 142 Robie, 388 Robins, 473 Robinson, 133, 146, 324, 328, 393, 516, 601, 604, 636 Robison, 133 Roby, 698 Rochambeau,l95, 395, 583 Roche, 507, 714 Rochester, 502 Rockwell, 703 Rodgers, 156,261, 706 Rodman, 676 Rodney, 516, 613 Roe, 408, 411, 432, 488, 594, 615, 690 Roeller, 141 Rogers, 132, 152, 287, 307, 343, 344, 345, 427, 474, 488, 500, 505, 517, 622, 685, 701, 718, 719 Rohrer, 380, 381 Rolfe, 282, 616 Roney, 446 Rood, 589 Rooker, 334 Roome, 108 Rooney, 132 Roosa, 132 Roosevelt, 595 Root, 262, 386, 391, 407, 415, 416, 607 Rorison, 37 1 Rose, 174, 518, Rosenegk, 602 Rosengarten, 195 Ross, 213, 343, 409, 496, 517, 596, 598 Rountree, 686 Royall, 602 Royster, 393 Rozell, 705 Rublee, 589 Rudyard, 105 Ruehle, 132 Ruger, 401, 511 Ruggles, 174,176, 691 Rukard, 690, 694 Rundell, 667 Runyon, 610 Rupp, 719 Rush, 441, 538, 542 Rusling, 680 Russell, 190, 698, 700, 713 Rutherford, 605, Rutherfurd, 419, Rutledge, 243,500 Ryan, 590, 688, 700 Rydingsvard,394, 682, 702 Rye, 658 Sabin, 518 Sachse, 273, 427 Sacket, 616 Sackett, 272 Sadtler, 505 Saeger, 382 Sage, 268, 390 Salazar, 544 Salisbury, 243 Saltar, 42, Salter, 149 Saltonstall, 1 23 Saltoun, 308 Sampson, 714 Sanborn, 683 Sande, 606 Sanders, 499 Sanderson, 689 Sands, 187, 264, 420, 594 Sandford, 108,128, 292, 3°°, 497 Sanger, 712 Sargeant,2l4,69i, 702 Sartine, 203 Satterlee, 213,690, 692 Saulsbury, 633, 634 Saunders, 602 Savage, 13, 15, 38, 108, 408, 683 Sawyer, 609, 714 Saxton, 508 Sayles, 392 Say ward, 616 Schadell, 140 Schantz, 427 Scharf, 701 Schaum, 141 Schenley, 129 Scherer, 109 Schieffelin, 277, 676, 692 Schlier, 140 Schmidt, 380 Schoete, 338 Schofield, 589 Schoonmaker, 129 Schouten, 142 Schreher, 140 Schubert, 141 Schultz, 385 Schumachtr, 140 Schus, 140 Schuyler, 169, 252, 253, 265, 286, 409, 496, 663, 664, 692, : 697 Scisco, 335 Scofield, 689 Scott, 108, 147, 162, 172, 173, 260, 261, 262, 286, 368, 379, 382, 415, 424, 472, 488, 490, 493, 503, 520, 604, 616, 681, 704, 705 Scoville, 342, 583 Screven, 135 Scribner, 439, 620 Scudder, 705 Seaburn, 666 Sears, 488,690 Seaton, 311 XXII The American Historical Register. Searle, 34 Seaver, 691 Seavle, 34 Seawall, 173 Seebohm, 053,654 Seeley, 606 Seeligson, 493 Seelye, 485 Semple, 612 Senter, 131 Sergeant, 532 Sessions, 386, 607 Seton,59i Sevcryn, 132 Sevier, 390 Seward, 589 Sexton, 407, 590 Seyfert, 273 Seymour, 25, 262, 488, 691 Sharpe, 147, 161 Sheaffe, 619 Shearman, 108 Shee, 429 Sheets, 371 Sheetz, 496 Snelby, 232, 492 Shelden, 390 Sheley, 132 Sheldon, 395 Shelmire, 145 Shepard, 685 Sheppard, 300, 437, 636 Sheridan, 589,689 Sherlock, 666 Sherman, 392, 5°4, 589- 718 Sherrcd, 490 Sherry, 262, 708 Sherwood, 504 Shields, 513, 699 Sbindler, 269 Shippen, 598, 690, 699 Shippin, 6g5 Shirley, 223 Shober, 718 Shock, 423 Shoemaker, 420, 445, 598 Short, 360 Shubrick, 513 Shulze, 300, 301, 302, 304, 441, 447, 526, 52g, 533, 535, 543, 621 Shute, 300 Shult, 500 Sibley, 173 Sicard, 425, 511 Sidney, 66, 705 Sigourney, 27 Silltman, 606 Silvester, 597, 603 Simcoe, 4bg Simmons, 305, 446, 452, 621 Simon, 130 Simonds, 373 Simonson, 640 Sims, 131, 426 Sinclair, 311 Sinnickson, 696 Sioussat, 684 Siter, 435, 715 Skerretts, 445 Skinner, igi Slade, 698, 699 Slaughter, 234 Slaymaker, 263, 380, 381 Sloan, 286, Sloane, 440, 68l Slocomb, 389, 606, 706 Slocum, 213, 389, 515 Slot, 337 Smalley. 398 Smeeman, 337 Smiley, 540 Smith, 19, 108, 109, 127, 129, 132, 135, 141, 144, 147, 149, 173, 174, 191, 222, 223, 261, 264, 265. 272, 273, 3°5, 3", 332, 368, 380, 385, 392, 394, 423, 436, 43s, 446, 492, 493> 498, 5°3, 5°5, 506, 542, sgo, 591, 592, 601, 602, 603, 605, 607, 610, 616, , 620, 634, 636, 639, 642, 643, 663, 674, 687, 688, 689, 691, 694, 696, 698, 699, 701, 704, 716 Snelling, 690 Snodgrass, 263 Snow, 388, 712 Snowden, 65, 519, 597, 690 Snyder, 132 Soden, 6gi Soley, 407, 408, 411, 412 Sonmans, 105 Soop, 266 Soper, 658 Soule, 3g3 Spangler, 580 Spalding, 488, 704 Spark, 716 Spaulding, 609 Spauldings, 213 Sparks, 205, 231 Speed, 500 Spencer. 184,318, 324, 420, 492, 517, 605, 616, 690, 701 Sperry, 705 Spicer, 38 Spiecker, 141 Spiegel, 284, 717 Spooner, 691 Sprague, 618, 619 Springer, 371 Squier, 493 Staats, 277 Stacey, 616 Stafford, 692 Stakely, 391 Stanaid, 518 Standford, 720 Standish, 399, 691 Stanley, 131, 426, 588, 604, 607 Stanton, 221, 589 Stark, 388, 3g4 Starkweather, 612 Starr, 360, 610,687 Stayley, 162 St. Clair,22g, 364— 372, 681, 699, 700 Steadman, 502 Stearns, 272 Stebbins, 698 Stedman, 409, 698 Steele, 242, 284, 416, 522, 644, 649 Steers, 398, 507, 710, 711 Stein, 140 Stephens, 616, 666 Sterl,496Sterling, 22, 132, 421, 514, 595, 690, 699, 711, 713 Stetson, 402 Steuart, 636, 642 Steuben, 206, 210, 213,525 Stevens, 156, 393, 411, 440, 492, 500, 510, 511, 519, 586, 597, 598, 616, 636, 640, 643, 687, 690 Stevenson, 376, 389, 423, 685, 708 Stewart, 264, 414, 500, 501, 575, 699, 701 Shatton, 108 Stibbs, 590 Stickney, 494 Stiies, 616, 636 Still, 718 StillS, 503 Stillwell, 39, 40, 42 Stites, 276 St. Leger, 227 Stockbridge, 396 Stacker, 526 Stocking, 277 Stockton,296, 300, 425, 513, 7°6 Stoddard, 493 Stone, 418, 497 Stork, 128 Storrs, 714 Story, 17, 496, 618 Stout, 40,516 Stow, 27S Stowe, 596 Strahan, 446 Stranahan, 268 Strauss, 264 Streeper, 278 Strieker, 642, 643 Strickland, 451 Strictland, 523 Stringer, 616 Strong, 178, 215, 507, 511, 681, 697, 698 Stroud, 142 Struthers, 279 Strycher, 335 Stryker, 131, 273, 295, 387, 389, 425, 489, 490, 610, 681, 706 Stuart, 149, 309, 395, 4o;, 423, 699 Index — Surnames. Stukley, 28, 108 Sturdevant, 256, 508 Sturgeon, 430 Sturgis, 592 Stuyvesant, 166, 335, 33°, 338, 383, 672, 673 Sullivan.9, 33,212, 213, 265, 409, 579, 698 Sully, 571, 572 Sumner, 8, 132 Sumter, 228 Sunderland, 127, 698 Sutherland, 532, 534 Sutton, 218, 371 Suydam, 588 Swaen, 337 Swain, 498 Swallow, 589 Swartwout, 152, 181, 599, 690 Swayne, 402, 406 Sweatman, 616 Sweetheat, 433 Swenske, 338 Swift, 27, 132, 142, 274, 306, 445, 448 Sybrants, 284 Sydney, 699 Symmes, 473, 474 Taft, 146 Talbot, 394, 396, 719 Talbott, 602 Talcott, 491, 514 Tallmadge, 176, 591, 592 Talmadge, 516 Tallman, 178 Tandler, 406 Taphagan, 287 Tapley, 703 Tappan, 131,272, 383, 697 Tarlton, 228 Tatnall, 628 Tatum, 270 Taulman, 156 Tayler, 495 Tayloe, 638 Taylor, 130, 191, 222, 223, 296, 392, 408, 423, 424, 449, 500, 592, 609, 668, 681, 697, 700, Taylor, 715, 719 Teall, 691 Tebbitts, 262 Temple, 266,390, 610, 612, 705 Tennant, 602 Tennent, 689 Tenney, 68 1 Tenny 393 Terry, 515, 592, 607 Tesseire, 544 Tete, 544 Tew, 108 Thacher, 204 Thackston, 554 Thayer, 172, 173, 487, 597, 668, 712 Thirs, 590 Thoits, 388, Thom, 492, 598, 605 Thomas, 142,232, 240, 277, 306, 307, 341, 347, 394, 400, 49°, 495, 5°7, 517, 599, 671, 676, 685, 713, 716 Thomason, 687, 697 Thompson, 12, 128, 145, 177, 222, 223, 264, 332, 375, 376, 382, 384, 393, 397, 408, 413, 427, 449, 481, 482, 483, 484, 490, 516, 589, 608, 685, 691, 697, 699 Thomson, 142, 488 Thong, 283, 284 Thorburn, 423 Thorne, 272, 387, 680, 681 Thornton, 260, 280, 281, 438, 603, 716 Thorp, 295 Thorpe, 298, 690 Throckmorton, 108, 438 Throgmorton, 40 Thurston, 404,438 Tibbitts, 190 Tichnor, 394 Tiebout, 154 Tieman, 277, Tiernan, 439 Tilden, 473, 475, 476, 488 Tilghman, 452, 524, 526, 540, 542, 716 Till, 526 Tilletson, 179 Tilton, 38 Timbs, 656 Timerman, 416 Timmerman, 385 Tingley, 5'6 Tinker, 109 Tisdale, 432 Titcomb, 433 Titus, 190, 399, 400 Todd, 334, 399, 493, 494, 5°°, 662, 702 Tolbert, 522 Tomlinson, 711 Torrance, 497 Torrens, 535 Torrey, 154, 713 Tousard, 526 Tower, 201, 205, 207 Town, 616, 667 Towne, 490, 516 Townley,67 1,674, 675 Townsend, 6, 24, 160, 268, 419, 423, 498, 506, 593, 684, 694, 705 Tracy, 17 Tramnel, 333 Trappe, 273 Trask, 702 Travers, 602 Travice, 672 Travis, 542 Traylor, 135 Treat, 713 Trenchard, 423, 513, 7l8 Trent, 601 Tricey, 499 Trickey, 588 Tripp, 634, 636 • Trippe, 392, 685, 701 Trotter, 516 Troup, 156 Trousdale, 389 Trowbridge, 404, 591 Trumbull, 25,406, 415, 491, 528, 583, 7i6 Tryon, 317, 322, 328, 469, 471, 559, 56i, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567 Tucker, 145, 146, 691 Tull, 517 Turk, 611 Turner, 105, 12 1, 408, 419, 498, 512, 613, 616, 618, 708 Turrell, 7 13 Turvil, 334 Tuthill, 278 Tuttell, 072 Tuttle, 300, 392, 488, 607, 706 Twain, 316, 561 Twells, 445 Twining, 273 Tyler, 306, 386, 387, 440 Tyson, 140, 578, 705 Ufford, 482 Uncas, 344 Underwood, 493, 516 Upham, 264, 683, 702 Utley, 439, 607 Vail, 590 Valentine, 139, 262, 277, 602, 692 Van Benthuysen, 697 Van Borsum, 438 Van Buren, 712 Vance, 371 Van Cleve, 263, 497 Van Cortlandt, 156, 163, 506, 712 Vanderbank, 668, 669 Vanderbilt, 261 Vandercook, 595 Van Dam, 283, 284, 717 Vanderspiegel, 717 Vanderpoel, 613 Vanderpool, 180 Van Deusen, 129 Vandeventer, 643 XXIV The American Historical Register. Vandever, 517 Van de Water, 712 Van Doren, 489 Vandyke, 296 Van Dyke, 522, 541, 632, 634, 635, 637 Van Etten, 507 Van Gelder, 446 Van Hook, 264 Van Ingen, 186 Van Kuran, 611 Van Nes, 337 Van Ness, 397, 502, 619 Vanostrand, 718 Van Patton, 503 Van Princis, 40 Van Rensselaer, 152, 166, 178, 182, 419, 512, 685 Van Skooks, 666 Van Slyke, 611 Van Voast, 495 Van Woert, 284 Van Wyck, 426, 510 Van Zandt, 715 Varick, 154, 165, 170, 174, 287, 716 Varney, 406 Varnum, 255 Vaughan, 146, 638 Vaughn, 543 Vaux, 540, 544, 621 Vedder, 700, 705 Venable, 141 Vene, 616 Ven Planck, 150 Verin, 108 Vernon, 132, 568, 569, 708 Vernor, 132 Verplanc, 204 Vicars, 720 Vilas, 498 Vimeur, 196 Vincent, 404, 405 Vinton, 286 Viomenil, 152, 197, 202, 205 Vliet, 298 Von Kapff, 68l, 685 Voorhees, 488 Voris, 689 Vose, 396, 611 Vroom, 696 Waddell,303,304 Wade, 20, 27, 122 Wadhams, 268 Wadsworth, 27, 128,392 Wagner, 140, 141, 448 Wainwright, 491 Wait, 409, 615, 616, 698, 719 Wakefield, 616 Walbridye, 598 Walcott, 262, 385 Waldorf, 692, 710 Wales, 596 Walker, 108, 145, 272, 37°, 381, 392, 407, 408, 409, 411, 412, 491, 5°4, 5!3, 517, 518, 590, 591, 594, 60-', 606, 620, 685, 688, 691, 702, 716 Wallace, 22 >, 268, 311, 371, 417, 5°4 517. 527, 530, 590, 703 Wallingford, 128 Walls, 382 Wain, 542 Walton, 333 Walworth, 264, 265, 606, 699 Wanner, 140 Waples, 516, 613 Ward, 109, 285, 287, 289, 291, 293, 386, 395, 49°, 5°o, 549, 552, 605, 663, 665, 666, 693, 699, 713, 714 Ware, 223 Warfield, 260,261, 5°°, 5°3, 5°5, 616, 687 Warford, 698 Warham, 227 Waring, 712 Warne, 105 Warner, 108, 263, 414, 5H, 578, 591, 605, 667, 681, 706, 708 Warren, 6, 12, 19, 133, 298, 341, 392, 393, 394, Warren, 427, 451, 493, 494, 498, 507, 596, 619, 702 Washburn, 393, 497, 683 Washington, 17, 122, 131, 151, 195, 197, 200, 201, 212, 213, 258, 265, 267, 270, 272, 273, 275, 279, 280, 286, 288, 293, 298, 3°4, 3°7, 349, 368, 370, 371, 376, 381, 383, 387, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 407, 409, 413, 422, 425, 427, 429, 430, 431, 434, 438, 448, 449, 45 1, 45 2, 453, 486, 487, 489, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 498, 500, 502, 521, 526, 527, 53^ 539, 544, 574, 575, 577, 589, 59i, 592, 593, 594, 596, 601, 604, 606, 607, 609, 6io, 613, 614, 617, 619, 626, 638, 640, 642, 643, 646, 647, 665, 678, 681, 682, 695, 698, 699, 700, 701, 703, 7°4, 705, 7°8, 716 Waterbury, 662- 667 Waterman, 108, 154, 688 Waters, 122 Watkins, 123,148, 427, 500, 616, 682, 690 Watmough, 446, 529 Watson, 385,442, 449- 451, 452, 514. 521, 523, 543- 544, 554 Watterson, 377 Watts, 407, 617 Wayne, 123, 133, 242, 263, 486, 496, 5°i, 575 Weatherby, 42, 420, 706 Webb, 268, 285, 393, 426, 438, 502, 510, 512, 665, 692, 716, Webbers, 284, Webster, 4, 9,192, 341, 503, 596, 616, 682, 698, 702 Weed, 694 Weeden, 396 Weeks, 108, 490, 596 Weidman, 402 Weiser, 423, 433, 520 Weisoncetts, 666 Weissinger, 393 Welch, 128 Weld, 360-362 Welles, 482 Wells, 146, 589 Wemple, 437 Wendell, 130, 700, 707 Werrick, 612 Wertz, 131 Wesenbeck, 659 Wesley, 377 West, 142, 407 707 Westbrook, 506, 507 Westcott, 108 Weston, 108, 388 Wetherbee, 148 Wetmore, 408, 481, 482, 607 697 Wever, 274 Wharfield, 596 Wharry, 242 Wharton, 302, 520, 542, 577 Wheeler, 264, 592, 607 Wheelman, 553 Wheitzel, 251 Wherry, 401 Whicher, 432 Whilldin, 544 Whipple, 488, 497, 593, 690, 694 Whitaker, 282, 283, 594 Index — Surnames. xxv White. 278, 360, 379, 43°, 5°6, 5i6, 523, 524, 525, 535, 604 Whitefield, 674 Whitehead, 597, 680, 681 Whitehill, 453 Whitfield, 377, 611 Whitherspoon, 297 Whiting, 401, 666 Whitlock, 278, 300 Whitridge, 598 Whittlesey, 493, 607 Whittmore, 705 Wibird, 18 Wickeuden, 108 Wickes, 108 Wickham, 137, 282 Wiegandt, 520 Wigglesworth, 545, 553 Wilbore, 108 Wilbour, 378,699, 700 Wilbur, 389, 604 Wilcocks, 542 Wilcox, 682, 685 Wilder, 20-23, 135, 392 Wildey, 488 Wiley, 714 Wilkes, 215, 209 Wilkins, 221 Wilkinson, 228, 229, 230 Willard, 190, 191, 268, 504, 633 Willett, 109, 666 Willey, 131, 261, 272, 408, 599, 687, 697 Williams, 108, 145, 209, 213, 260, 279, 280, 332, 393, 394, 433, 453, 466, 492, 497, 498, 541, 598, 602, 605, 616, 690 Williamson, 287, 29°, 293, 301, 447 Williston, 719 Willing, 542 Willis, 156, 590 Willeston, 719 Willmer, 131 Will m our, 544 Wills, 223, 435, 515 Willson, 195, 200 Wilson, 40, 214, 256, 279, 333, 392, 393, 425, 488, 495, 5°4, 511, 516, 517, 610, 621, 660, 661, 685, 686, 706, 708, 712 Winchester, 286, 392, 515 Windsor, 221 Wineland, 371 Wing, 693 Wingate, 312, 498 Winn, 685 Winslow, 109, Winslow, 701 Winsor, 108 Wintermute, 342 Winters, 286 Winthrop, 108, '48, 439, 676 Wintrop, 9, 13 Wirt, 699 Wise, 517, 6u Wisner, 277, 278, 680, 68 1 Wiswall, 170, 178 Witchen, 280 Witherspoon, 500, 5*3 Withington, 506 Wiirtele, 614 Wolcott, 26, 702, 714 Wolf, 541 Wolfe, 368, 382, 472, 478, 517 Wolff, 135 Wollaber, 256, 508 Wood, 143, 500, 611, 701, 702, 704 Woodberry, 616 Woodbridge, 40 Woodburry, 398 Woodford, 134, 588 Woodnut, 222 Woodman, 596 Woodruff, 392, 588, 591, 592 Woods, 704 Woodward, 277, 406, 491, 493 Woodbridge, 500 Wollsey, 486, 695 Wooster, 386,606, 663, 664, 665, 704 Worcester, 493, 663 Worden, 408 Worrell, 446 Worth, 173 Worthington, 173 Wright, 123, 170, 219, 275, 290, 436, 495, 5°5, 539, 595, 596, 685, 699 Wuddall, 108 Wyatt, 715 Wyeth, 605 Wyckoff, 592 Wylly, 433 Wyllys, 491, 492, 705 Wyly, 607 Wyman, 420, 498, 596 Wynn, 435, 605 Yardly, 281, 400, 710, 712, 713 Yates, 186, 192, 389 Yeardley, 136, 137, 601 Yeatman, 391, 515, 594, 610 Yoder, 382 York, 333 Yorke, 540 Y°ung, 135. 3IQ, 478, 5°7, 5°9, 686, 689 Zeigler, 242 Zimmerman, 385, 697