"^m^mAmmm

WfflK'i

¥/jmmwM\.',,

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

1938

Msftrtntt Bioqitaphv

NEW COURT HOUSE BUILDING
STATE AND CITY COURTS

FEDERAL COURTS AND POSTOFFICE

The Sources of the Civil Gode
of Louisiana

Address Delivered

AT THE

Annual Meeting

OF THE

Louisiana Bar Association

Held at Lake Charles, La.

3f

BY

HENRY PLAUGHE DART
Of New Orleans Bar

8 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA

The Sources of the Civil Code of Louisiana
By HENRY PLAUCHE DART, New Orleans Bar

I.
There was a time the jurisprudence of Louisiana commanded the
attention and held the esteem of the profession everywhere. It was the
morning of our law, and the science was illuminated and its recesses
explored under the rays of the Civil Law. Great principles were treated
philosophically, and the classic period of our legal history had its foun
dation established on the reason and authority of the ancient masters,
as construed by the later civilians and as applied in a broad and com
prehensive spirit to the needs and conditions of a new country.
It is believed the high position which our system then attained has
been to some extent altered, and, while the Civil Law of Louisiana
continues to occupy a unique position in the jurisprudence of the United
States, still it must now be said that in a certain sense it appears to be on
trial before the bar of legal opinion.
One of our associates in this organization has stated some reasons
which may serve to explain the peculiar situation.* It is his belief that
judicial construction has had a tendency to import Common Law into
our jurisprudence, perhaps unintentionally, or because so much of our
system is not dependent upon the Civil Law of France and Rome. He
lays the blame upon court and legislature, and he warns us that we will
soon lose touch altogether with the law of our origin unless a higher
standard of legal education is required by the Legislature or by the
Supreme Court. While (to go no further) we have the excellent author
ity of Semmes and of Howe for the version that it is still necessary to go
back to the sources for all that is not covered by decision and by statute,
there is really no basic difference in theory between these masters. The
principle is acknowledged that we should do these things, but Saunders
goes further and says that in practice we do not.
Nor can it be said that these voices are the only ones crying in the
wilderness. Without our territory, in the jurisdictions which we are
said to be imitating, we hear the Common Law is disintegrating under
a process of judicial and statutory elimination. There, also, the present
persistently defies the past. We are disposed, they say, to make new
laws rather than to rely on principles; we are departing from the ways
of our fathers and are annexing theories that have their sources in an
alien system.

*Saunders, E. D.: Introduction to his edition Revised Civil Code of Louisiana,
1909, N. O.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 9
The truth seems to lie, as usual, between the extremes. The tend
ency of judicial interpretation and of constructive legislation is every
where towards uniformity, and this is as it should be. Space and time
have been annihilated by science, and, under these circumstances, why
should the law of the world remain strange, foreign and unfamiliar?
The study of comparative jurisprudence necessarily makes for one rule
in all that concerns rights common to all men.
The systems, therefore, may properly be said to be approaching
uniformity; each has acted upon the other with beneficial result. These
changes may perhaps establish another system — one of universal law.
The historian will then tell, as we are now telling, a story of many
sources, meeting and commingling, diverging, separating and returning;
creating something that partakes of the old, bearing a resemblance to it,
but which is, nevertheless, no more the old system than your son is his
father. Without looking further abroad, it is true that within thirty
years the two great English-speaking peoples have made special statutes
(codes) upon many subjects, and more are under discussion. Who may
pick the threads of these with the hope of finding one system only?
In this upheaval of the old world of law the forces or elements are
not unequally matched. On both sides the wisdom of the ancients is
the working-tool of the moderns. There is nothing new. Everything
depends on the proper application of the old ideas to present conditions
and circumstances. In this melting-pot, bubbling under the zealous and
insistent attention of legislatures and of courts, the principles of the
Civil Law of Louisiana are being absorbed, not for destruction, but
rather for a reconstruction. The result is going to be a finer, more
potent, more perfect, system; that which we now have and cherish
will prove to be the foundations of the new system. We shall not be
lost; we shall rise again, with the underlying ideas of our Code embel
lished by the constructive genius of our time.
One matter rises in your mind before the thought leaves my own :
the system of the perpetuation of estates elsewhere than in Louisiana
is already topheavy. Under various guises the accumulation of wealth
in few hands has reached the point where action is bound to be taken
for the relief of the many. One has only to watch the struggles of the
peoples — as shown in political shibboleth, in so-called communistic
legislation, and in the decisions of the highest courts — to be impressed
with the conviction that the day of settlement is not far away.
In this country that final adjustment will not be by revolution, but
by the peaceful, slow and orderly advancement of the law, enforcing
the doctrine that man accumulates only for the good of the land, and
not for its destruction; that his power of contract and his right to persist
must be along the line of the greatest good to the greatest number; that
the limits of one life are by nature the fixed limits of the power of that
life. Any law or system of law which has permitted, or which tends

10 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
to permit, the things which now agitate the world is an evil system, in
derogation cf the right of the rest of us to fill the part which our funda
mental law recognizes as innate and incontrovertible.
It was long since said of the Roman law that its tendency was to
ameliorate the condition of man as man, and to reduce his capacity as
man the ruler. In other words, it asserted liberty in legal rights, but
withheld the greater liberty of self-government. To the Common Law
and the genius of the race, under its protection, rising to equality of all
men in government, we owe a mighty debt, in that it overthrew the
tyranny of the public law of Rome ; but an equal debt is due the other
side of the Civil Law, whose principles, permeating the Common Law,
have all but absorbed its harshness. It has harmonized law and equity
and created a system which is much closer to the codal theories of the
Louisiana law than most people are willing to acknowledge.
The Civil Code of Louisiana has been properly called the most
perfect child of the Civil Law. Indeed, if we could separate ourselves
from the past and regard the book with the eyes of a new race, coming
fresh upon its discovery, we would declare, as our ancestors declared
of another Code, that it is one of the wonderful products of the human
mind. Cast in an ancient mold, its component parts are nevertheless
quick with modern life. Based on the elements of the Roman Law, it is
enriched with the customs and usages of centuries which forgot the
Roman tyranny, yet held fast to that broad and human equity which
the Civil Law absorbed in the commingling of the races. These customs
and usages, forged in the toil and sweat and blood of the ages, repre
sented then, and continue to stand now for, law as the servant of man,
not law the master; for Law hand in hand with Equity — for the Golden
Rule rather than the harsh ITA LEX SCRIPTA EST.
It was a fortunate period for the human race — the period that
produced Cujas, d'Agesseau, Charles Dumoulin, Montesquieu, Domat
and Pothier. They were not alone, but they stood, like Saul, above the
rest. They inherited the spirit of all the law ; they were the law incar
nate. It may be said they swept the whole field of human knowledge.
and out of their genius created law as other men have created states.
Of these creators, Pothier is to us as though he were a man of
yesterday. He rewrote the Pandects; he explored the doman of written
and unwritten law with that instinct which seems to be the adjunct
of all great pathfinders; and, when he laid down his busy pen, there
was ready a vast and magnificent jurisprudence, representing, not the
Roman Law, nor the customs and usages of any particular time, but a
sysuem commensurate to the needs of all men. The Civil Law of France
was in truth created by his industry — while Domat developed it accord
ing to natural law. The bulk of that which they slowly perfected dur
ing long lives of arduous labor was adopted and struck off at whiteheat,
under the whip and spur of Napoleon, in the Code which perpetuates his

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 11
name, as the authority of Rome is perpetuated ; he survives in the juris
prudence of the world through the majesty of the reason of his Code.
From this Code sprang the Civil Law of Louisiana, not a bald copy,.
but rather a vraisemblance — the Napoleon Code touched with the spirit
of American liberty, and improved and expanded by the lessons and
experience of a century of colonial life. Legislation has spared it in its
original proportions. Amendments have been made seriously and care
fully, and only to bring it up to the conditions of the times. After
these years of trial the Civil Code of Louisiana remains venerable, but
virile — a conception of law commensurate to present needs and capa
ble of expanding to meet all future necessities. Of it we may truly
say that this incomparable body of jurisprudence has served our
ancestors in the happy advancement of the welfare of the State, and
will, under the mercy of wise and reverent appreciation, continue to
serve the generations yet unborn.
I would that it were my privilege on this occasion to follow the
line of thought indicated in the foregoing paragraphs, to enter into the
field of comparative jurisprudence, and to show, as can be shown, how
much of our system has been absorbed elsewhere ; but the task assigned
to me does not cover that feature. I have been asked to compile the
sources of our Code only from the historical viewpoint; to lay before
this body sufficient of the history of our law to serve as a mnemonic
reminder of that part of its unwritten constitution which bids you
cultivate the study of the Civil Law. It is therefore my purpose to
assemble in accessible shape the results of the labors of many minds,
and, if I paraphrase boldly, my excuse is that, when a thing has been
well done, it were folly to coin new phrase for it, and it would be
pedantic to appear wiser than my betters.
In fulfilling my duty I disclaim at once any credit for original
research. To confess the extent of my piracies I shall annex a bill of
particulars — a careful inventory of essays and whatnot, chiefly by
members of this Bar, now buried in ephemeral and fugitive publica
tions, or almost wholly lost in brief and inadequate indices. I shall
make casual citation of other authorities, but a list of all these will not
be attempted. The great commentators and historians of the Civil
Law  these are known of all men, and the track over which I have
traveled may be quickly found within their pages.
II.
Roman Sources.
The Civil Code of Louisiana is primarily a body of substantive law
cast in codal form under the direction of, and enacted by, the Legisla
ture in the mode employed for all other legislation.
The commissioners employed to compile the book were bound by
their instructions to the system of the Civil Law. In the circumstances.

12 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
in which they were placed it was natural the Code Napoleon should
have served as a model; indeed, it would have been a species of vanity
in the compilers had they sought novelty of form. But modifications
in form and matter were necessary; some of them radical and racial,
others negligible. Through these modifications we are kept in direct
touch with the Spanish Law. The Roman and French Civil Law was
with us at the beginning, and continues with us through this use of the
Code Napoleon as a base for the Louisiana Code.
The Roman Civil Law ends, and the Civil Law as we now know it
begins, with the Justinian legislation. The former embraces the whole
body of Roman creative jurisprudence ; the latter is the revision,
restatement and modernization of the ancient system.
"The Corpus Juris stands at the goal of the history of Roman
Law, summing up the results of the whole development of the law
during the preceding thousand years; and at the same time it is the
starting point and basis of modern law. It thus occupies the central
position in the whole history of law."
Mackenzie, Roman Law, 33.
The successive stages of the Roman Civil Law are :
1. The Regal Period, from the foundation of Rome to the estab
lishment of the Republic, B. C. 753 to B. C. 449. This was a govern
ment by king and class, but the people had a share in all that concerned
family and property rights through their subdivision into CURIAE.
The law was at first usage and custom, interpreted by FAS or JUS;
the former the will of the gods — the laws given by heaven for men on
earth; the latter, possibly human interpretation thereof. In time there
appeared what are called the institutions of the Civil Law — the family
organization ; the ownership of and rights in land ; a method of similar
control of personal property; the order of succession, wherein the
absence of primogeniture was a leading feature; a narrow and hardly
perceptible rule regulating breach of contract, and, finally, the redress
of private and public wrong chiefly through the will of the person
injured. The presence of the plebeian, who lacked the protection of gens
and clan, which was the superior mark of the patrician, had already
begun to disturb the course of the law, and led up to the constitutional,
military and financial reforms of Servius, which placed the rights of
the people on a more settled basis and established a method of deter
mination of the same before courts made up from among the citizens.
2. The Consular Period, B. C. 449 to A. D. 31.
Here the JUS CIVILE begins to take shape, resulting in the first
Code, the Twelve Tables, compiled in the years of Rome 292-304, to

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 13
reduce the uncertainty of the law and to afford relief against the
arbitrary enforcement of penalties. These Tables did not attempt a
complete revision of the law. On the contrary,
"many branches were dealt with only incidentally or with reference
to some point of detail. The institutions of the family, the fundamental
rules of succession, the solemnities of such formal acts as emancipation,
nexum, testaments, the main features of the order of judicial procedure
— of all these a general knowledge was presumed, and the decemvirs
thought it unnecessary to define them."
Muirhead, Roman Law, p. 96.
These Tables were, in substance, concessions to meet the com
plaints of the plebeians; to make the law equal for all; to remove every
chance of arbitrary dealing by distinct specifications of penalties and
precise declaration of the circumstances under which rights should
be held to have arisen; in short, to prevent oppression in the name of
justice. The Twelve Tables, therefore, mark the point in early law where
equality of man before the law began to exist as a settled principle of
justice.
3. The JUS GENTIUM and the JUS HONORARIUM, B. C. 366
ET SEQ. These ancient legal equivalents of modern private and public
international law and of equity originated during the Republic. The
former arose out of the fact that the law was personal to the citizen.
The stranger had no rights, and was under no protection. The other
grew out of the construction of the Twelve Tables, just expressed, that
they did not cover or incorporate all of the Jus Civile. The praetor
determined all legal controversies, and the injustice resulting from lack
of protection to foreigners and non-citizens ended in the creation of a
praetor in whom was vested jurisdiction over this class of litigants.
To the decision of these controversies he brought the study of
treaties, foreign laws and customs and the law of nature. Conscience
and common ideas of right and wrong interpreted the hard and fast
rules of Roman Law and founded a school of reason which permeated
the mother system and marked the beginning of Equity and of Inter
national Law.
4. The Court of the Praetor.
The most important single factor in the systematizing of the
ancient law was the judgment of the praetor. This ancient and impor
tant office survived through all the changes in government until the
Edict of Hadrian reduced it to a minor position in the political order.
The office was annual. Each praetor, at his inauguration, pre
scribed the general rules by which he would be governed, and this
annual edict and the judgments rendered during his term created a

14 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
body of jurisprudence, substantive and adjective, which has left its
marks on the CORPUS JURIS. One illustration will suffice — our
familiar doctrine of RESTITUTIO IX INTEGRAM through lesion, error,
fraud, etc.
To the pr^tor as judge fell the interpretations, not only of the
Twelve Tables, but of all the laws of Rome of whatever creation. One
judge administered law and equity, and, until the Empire overthrew
the judicial independence, the principle of a free judge was as sacred
in those infant days of our system as it is to us.
5. The Legal Profession.
The practice of law (if we can use this term by a stretch of imagi
nation) was a monopoly during the better part of the period we have
been discussing, and was not affected by the Twelve Tables. The
Pontifical College was the property of the patrician, but the ever-
insistent plebeian finally intruded, and, in the beginning of the sixth
century of Rome, Tiberius Corrumcanius, a plebeian, reached the office
of Chief Pontiff, and, by holding consultations and advising in public,
dealt the first blow at the sacred edifice and opened the doors to that
race of scholars who alone would have made the JUS CIVILE memor
able, even though it had not been worthy in itself.
6. The Empire, A. D. 31 to A. D. .527.
The long story of the law in the interim between the fall of the
Republic and the time before Justinian cannot be treated here. It was
at once the period of its highest authority and of its decline. There
were changes in procedure, such as the edict of Hadrian, which
attempted the concentration of all praetorian law in one body; changes
in the courts — the will of the Emperor becoming the final word. The
source of law now ran from the Emperor, not from the courts or the
people, and his constitutions covered the entire range of legislation.
The old theory of monopoly of legal practice was reinstated in a
sense by naming jurists whose opinions should control the judge; but
the profession remained otherwise open to all. This is the period of
Papinian, Paul, Gains and Ulpian, to name only a few out of many.
Two schools of legal thought arose, led by Labeo and Sabinus,
whose disciples studied, taught and proclaimed, flooding the world
with comment.
The natural inclination of the law to a fui'ther amelioration of
legal conditions under the teachings of Christ was diverted by arbitrary
government on one side and the never-ending dispute of the legists on
the other. The creative impulse ran sterile, and, while the Augustan
or Golden Age of the law enjoyed the spectacle of the advancement
of the system to the highest authority it ever reached, yet the close of
that period saw it reduced to legal chaos.
N"ot only in law, but in government, the world of Rome was going
to seed. The Empire had already divided into the Kingdoms of the

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 15
East and the West. From time to time efforts were made to restore
the unity of the law and to place it where courts and people could
enjoy its wisdom and protection.
Near the close of the third century A. D., Gregorianus and Hermo-
genianus had received royal sanction to their compilations, but not
even Valentian's Law of Citations, A. D. 426, could establish a course
through the legal labyrinth. At last Theodosius, A. D. 438, made a
supreme effort to establish a Code, an effort great in conception and in
execution, and which served the purpose of a model for other Codes in
years to come. Therein for the first time the Roman government
endeavored to cover the entire field of law, private and public, civil and
criminal, fiscal and municipal, military and ecclesiastical.
Meantime the Western Empire was stricken mortally. A new
race held the tottering throne of Rome, and its Ostrogothic possessor
gave his name to another attempt at revision. He issued, A. D. 500, his
Edictum Theodorici, an amalgam of the Gregorian, Hermogenian and
Theodosian Codes, and of the novels and later Constitutions of Theo
dosius, together with some of the writings of the jurists, principally the
Sentences of Paul.
Almost contemporaneously, Alaric II, King of the Western Goths,
and Master of Roman Gaul and Spain, prepared a Code with the
assistance of Roman lawyers and with the approval of the bishops and
nobles of Spain. It was promulgated at Aire, in Gascony, A. D. 506.
This is the famous BREVIARY of LEX ROMANO VISIGOTHORUM,
a compound of portions of the Theodosian Code and novels, of portions
of the Institutes of Gaius, the Sentences of Paul, and the Gregorian and
Hermogenian Codes. It was far from the ideal even of Theodosius,
but it preserved the Roman LaM' in Western Europe for many centuries.
III.
Spanish Sources.
Spain, lying close to Rome, had fallen early into the imperial arms,
and the Civil Law of the classic period was introduced and had attained
an impregnable position by the time of the disintegration. Under Rome,
the lower portion of what is now France and the whole of modern Spain
were comprised within one jurisdiction. It was occupied by the West
Goths in its entirety at the time of the Teutonic migration. They
adcpted the Civil Law, and it was for the use of his Roman subjects
that Alaric complied the Breviary. Scholars united in declaring that
in this work much of the best ancient learning was preserved. It
served another purpose : it laid upon the Goths the civilizing principles
of that law, and had an immense influence on the barbaric customs.
Being a mixture of law and of custom, it survived long after the

16 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
contemporaneous Codes of the Goths had been lost. Its literary vitality
is established by a reprint which was published in America while this
essay was in hand.
In the course of years other compilations were added — some
attempting to shake oflf the Roman Law, and others utilizing it with
the Justinian compendium. These Codes in sequence are the FUERO
JUZGO, A. D. 693; FUERO VIEJO, A. D. 992; FUERO REAL, A. D.
1255; and, finally, the PARTIDAS, A. D. 1263. Subsequent centuries
saw additions, but the PARTIDAS and the FUERO JUZGO stand out of
the tangle as the pedestal on which the law rested at the time Louisiana
passed into Spanish control. Subsequent legislation included particular
laws for the Spanish colonies, and these applied to Louisiana; and,
wherever there was conflict between such colonial laws and the PAR
TIDAS of other ancient rules, the RECOPILACION has precedence.*
O'Reilly's proclamation imposed on the people of Louisiana this
mass of ancient law, which would have been diflficult to understand even
though libraries had been at hand with lawyers to read them. Realiz
ing this, he caused to be promulgated a synopsis of Spanish Law to
subsist until a knowledge of the laws and language could be acquired
by his subjects. Nowhere in our history is there any reference to the
imposition of the harsh criminal laws of Spain, and we know, on the
contrary, that peculiar features of the system never were brought
into operation. On the civil side, the law as applied seems to have
been in its material aspects a rough system of equity — a practice to
which the provisions of the Partidas would lend countenance. Unfor
tunately, we are in a lamentable state of ignorance on the subject; the
records of the Cabildo, which remain with us, seem never to have been
critically examined, and nothing has been printed if any such examina
tion has been made.
The Treaty of Paris stipulated for the delivery of the archives and
documents of the Cabildo to the United States, but it appears the
greater part of these were transferred by the Spanish to Havana,
whence two thousand bundles were removed to the Archives des Indias
in Seville. Professor W. R. Sheppard, of Columbia University, has
recently investigated these documents, and he reports that they received
no attention until the last few years, and that many of them are falling
apart, and much of their content must be loss unless they are speedily
classified and transcribed.
Doubtless within this maze of documentary evidence there lies
the means of refuting many a legend concerning the legal history of the
Spanish regime.!
*The subject was ably covered by a member of this Bar in the middle of the
last century in a work frequently cited by the Supreme Court of the United States in
the cases since the Spanish war of 1898 — The Civil Law of Spain and Mexico, by
Gustavus Schmidt.
t Robertson, J. A. : Louisiana Under the Rule of Spain, France and the
United States. The Arthus H. Clark Company, Cleveland, Ohio, 1911.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 17
Whatever was the actual result, it is agreed by judges and
historians that the change could not have been very great, because
the two systems — French and Spanish — had much in common. Spring
ing from the same sources, French divergence on the civil side had
been on the lines of customary law, which was cultivated in France to
an extent not practiced in Spain. In Criminal Law there was not a
material diflference — save for the fiercer bigotry of Spanish ecclesias
tical penalty — they were equally arbitrary and bloody. In the line
of penalties, and always excepting the right of trial by jury, there
was not much more to be said in favor of the Common Law of the
same period.
Returning to the Civil Law of Spain and taking the PARTIDAS and
the FUERO JUZGO as examples, we find reasons for saying that the
system was if anything, more equitable, just and wise than the contem
porary CORPUS JURIS. In some aspects it was more human, particu
larly in its recognition of the property rights under marriage and in its
abhorrence of technicalities in pleading.
These two works have been compared with the CORPUS JURIS,
as representing the same general purpose and created upon similar
principles. The FUERO JUZGO, says Judge Porter, "is considered with
respect to the Partidas what the Institutes are to the Pandects."
Alongside of the Codes of Spain there grew up a notable body of
interpretation. "Among the first of the European nations that reduced her laws
into Codes and who carried that mode of legislation farther than
any other people, [she] early felt the necessity of a jurisprudence
which would supply the defects and soften the asperities of her statues.
The opinions of her juris-consults seem to have obtained an authority
with her, of which the history of no other country offers an example."
Saul vs. Creditors, 5 Martin (N. S.), 619.
This bar is familiar, by constant citation in the early reports,
with the works of many of these authors, but FEBRERO is quoted and
followed so often we may justly say he is one of the sources of our law.
It was the opinion of our forefathers that Spanish Law was an
integral part of our system and the Judges of the Superior Court of the
Territory and of the Supreme Court of the State made such liberal use
of the Partidas, particularly, that it was accepted by the Legislature (in
1820) as a necessary adjunct to the understanding of our law. Its
actual value was minimized by legislation almost before it was under
stood in its English abridgement, but by reason of the statute it remains
as one of the sources. In all study of comparative law this book still
holds a vital place.
Our system of pleadings is said to be a product of that system.
The Partidas teaches and impresses simplicity, brevity and freedom
from technicality in pleading and in judgment. Edward Livingston

18 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
doubtless kept this injunction in mind while drafting the Practice Act
of 1805, which was the genesis of our Code of Practice. He was an
accomplished civilian and a master of the Common Law, and there
was certainly no contemporary assistance to be obtained from the latter,
which was complex, ponderous and refined to a degree.
V.
French Civil and Customary Law.
France was taken from Rome in the fifth century, the upper half
by the Franks, the lower by the Goths. The early legal history of the
latter is in consequence bound up with the story of Spain already told.
This physical line of demarcation appears also in the law, the lower
half being the country of the written or Roman law and the upper half
the country of the unwritten or customary law. The latter, in its
origin, is not dififerent from the customary law found at the beginning
of law in all countries. The peculiarity of this special section was the
preservation thereof for more than a thousand years as part of the
legal system of the State.
At the time of the Germanic irruption the country now known as
France was rich and prosperous, particularly in the regions nearest
Rome. It had cities and universities, its large population was used to
agricultural and commercial adventure ; the Romans found it a land
of primitive people, who developed rapidly in the four centuries of
Roman peace and who at the time of the Gothic conquest were
materially and intellectually superior to those who overthrew them.
The Romans found it a land of primitive ideals, ruled by usages and
customs, and had fostered these customs. The Empire introduced its
law alongside the local law, but never in any case overthrew any purely
local system merely for the sake of so doing.
Their schools had taught the Roman Law, but they did not neglect
the customary system, and these teachings made a lasting impression.
The codification under the Goth and the Frank not only recognized a
situation which was already established, but it had the result of pre
serving the two systems as co-ordinate and gave the first blow to
the undivided authority of the Roman Law, which is one of the pecu
liarities of the Eastern codification.
The turbulent ages down to the appearance of Charlemagne, the
Frank, did not destroy the Visigothic Code, but they did blot out much
of Roman creation, not imported into the Code, but which nevertheless
had lingered in the practice of the people. Justinian's laws had at this
time no influence in Western Europe. Under Charlemagne, the Visi
gothic Code remained as an overlaw or general rule to be followed
only in clash of custom and customs; it was never permitted to destroy
the customs of the tribes composing the Frankish kingdom. These

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 19
customs having already, to a large extent, been reduced to writing and
being well understood, there was accordingly a great conflict in the
law of the land; as much conflict as there was dissimilarity in the
people, and this applies to the whole period from the time of the Goths
to the opening of the tenth century.
In this last era Counts of Paris by military conquest established
their claim to the leadership of Gaul, and ultimately established the
foundation of France — a country with a new name and a new tongue,
with an ancient habit of legal thought and hundreds of customs rigidly
adhered to.
The Middle Ages came and went with the customs as the play
things of feudal, ecclesiastical and regal whim. There was law enough
and of great variety for the upper classes and for each of them —
for the rest of the world there was the downtrodden usage and custom
and little else. The close of the Hundred Years' War brought internal
peace to France, and also the beginning of the policy of centralization,
which continued down to the Revolution.
The legal history of the realm, from a modern aspect, begins
with the administration of Charles VII, who promulgated at Montil-de-
Tours, in April, 1453, a royal edict which is a landmark of the law.
That edict was influenced by the lawyers of France, who then and for
a long time thereafter enjoyed a power and influence unparalleled in
the history of our profession.
Among other things, it was ordered that the several customs be
collected, collated and reduced to writing and submitted to the local
Assemblies, to the King in Council and to the Parliament of Paris;
the result of this united eflfort to be registered and promulgated, and
no other custom thereafter to be followed or observed, and no other
proof of the custom to be required save the registration and promulga
tion thus provided for.
The labor was too vast to be completed in one reign, but the
ordinances and decrees of succeeding sovereigns maintained the integ
rity of the original edict, so that within less than one hundred years
every custom of France had received attention and had been rehabili
tated, reorganized, registered and promulgated.
This result is one of the imperishable benefits of the Renaissance
and is comparable from a legal point of view only with the Imperial
example. The parallel continues in the method employed in the revision,
which was committed wholly to lawyers, who were charged not only to
undertake the revival of the ancient customs, but to compare them with
all the laws of France, canonical, feudal and royal, and, with the
benefit of this study, to purge, remodel and recreate the custom,
aiming at uniformity as much as possible. The names of the legists

20 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
have perished — to whom this work was entrusted — but their type is
understood and we are able to comprehend their point of view through
the pages of the commentators hitherto mentioned.
Sir Henry Maine declares that the part taken by the lawyers in
reconstructing the law and the civil polity of France under Charles
VII and his successors was of very first importance. He says:
"On the one hand they formed the best instructed and easily the
most powerful class in the nation. They had made good their footing
as a powerful order by the side of the feudal aristocracy, and they
had assured their influence by an organization which distributed their
profession over France in great chartered corporations possessing large
defined powers and still larger indefinite claims.
"In all the qualities of the advocate, the judge and the legislator
they far exceeded their compeers throughout Europe. Their judicial
tact, their sense of expression, their fine sense of analogy and harmony,
and (if they may be judged by the highest names among them) their
passionate devotion to their conception of justice were as remarkable
as the singular variety of talent which they included, a variety covering
the whole ground between the opposite poles of Cujas and Montesquieu,
of D'Agesseau and Dumoulin."
Ancient Law, Chap. 11, 80.
The customs thus revivified represented the results of the labors
of men trained in the Customary and in the Civil Law. The definite
or codal shape into which they cast their work was neither the ancient
Civil Law of Rome nor that of Justinian nor the ancient customs
of the people, but rather an agglomeration of these systems, rep
resenting in its last analysis the civil and customary law of France
as known, understood and practiced by the lawyers of the fifteenth
century; the Civil Law of Rome modernized and modified and as
assimilated and incorporated by the ages in the everyday life of the
people of France. It was a merger of logic and fact, of natural law
soothing and softening rigid rules, and melting into an equitable whole
— the reason of all law. In this final shape the Customs were the
earliest type of that fusion which later and under similar influence
dominated the Napoleon Code.
From an early period Paris was a place of importance; then, as
now, it was the pulse of France ; its population increased rapidly, and
was vigorous, militant and powerful, representing every class of society
in France. Paris was already in the fifteenth century the center of
government, of education, of the church and the law. Its trade, foreign
and domestic, and its mechanical arts were protected by monopolies,
guilds and organizations, and the people were ever bold, turbulent and
aggressive. The Royal Government permitted the municipality to regulate,
to a certain extent, its own affairs, and the rules and regulations thus
established had the force and authority of law among themselves.
It was from these usages the Custom of Paris was reorganized — a Code

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 21
partaking at once the character of a rule of government and a system
of law. Contemplating it at the present day and by comparison with
our standards, history says the custom, as finally promulgated, repre
sented the highest aspiration of the middle class, struggling for and
zealously maintaining its rights of person and property against absolute
government.
"The Custom of Paris was acknowledged," says Laferriere, "to
be in the sixteenth century the perfect custom, reflecting in itself in
full truth the image of the jurisprudence of France."
6 HIST. FR. LAW, Book 7, Sec. 1, p. 298.
It was not only the image, it was also the rule, by which interpre
tation of the other customs was governed.
As the Common Law of a diversified people — a little kingdom
within itself — this custom was peculiarly adapted to the comfort and
protection of distant colonies; the marvel is that it should have been
extended to them by an absolute monarch.
The Custom of Orleans was in many respects similar to that of
Paris, and both customs received the embellishment of Pothier's won
derful mind. He was an advocate in Orleans and familiar at first
hand. His edition of the Customs and his commentatory on the Custom
of Orleans and Paris in particular was published in 1776; it was con
stantly used by Portalis and his associates in the preparation of the
projet of the Napoleon Code. The debt of that Code to Pothier and to
Domat is acknowledged. Fenet's analysis, published in 1826, makes
an interesting comparison, article by article, between the Napoleon
Code and the whole body of the work of Pothier. The number of con
tributions shown here to have been made by these two Customs to the
new Code is a substantiation of Laurent's judgment that the element of
Custom dominated the Code Napoleon.
As with the Customs, so with the law of France. Edicts and
Ordinances were promulgated touching every subject of civil, political
and property rights — no one reign can claim the advantage in this con
tinuous remaking of the Civil Law of France. Roughly speaking, it
may be said that between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries the
Civil Law was rewritten; whether originally of Classic or Justinian
derivation, it took on new shape in material aspects under ordinances
prepared by L'Hospital, D'Agesseau and men of their type, and their
successors. Aside from regulations of commerce and admiralty, the
things that were of Roman law origin were rewritten in much the same
form as we have them now — Donations; Testamentary Substitutions;
Mortgages — these and scores of other topics received the modern touch.
These productions are preserved in the literature of the law and are
still quoted in decisions. In one shape or other, the best of the sub
stance is imbedded in the Code Napoleon.

22 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
V.
The Code Napoleon.
The preparation of many ages already indicated had accustomed
the French to the idea of a Code which would sweep their varied
systems into one harmonious rule — the time seemed to have arrived
when revolution had purged the realm, and attempts to comply with
the universal desire were made by each succeeding faction. The futility
of government by mass meeting and convention received an early
illustration in this failure of the people of France to form a Code. They
could abrogate and destroy, but they could not compress their theories
of liberty and the rights of man into a working system of universal law.
It was left to the will of one man to erect the edifice.
Under the driving force of Napoleon, his four Commissioners
delivered within four months a projet of the new system. Remembering
the years of travail bespent upon the Codes of Rome and the partial
Codes of France, the time used by Tronchet, Bigot-Preameneau, Por
talis and Maleville shocks our sense of proportion. These men, how
ever, had in reality a task less difficult than would be indicated even if
more time had been exhausted in its performance. They were accom
plished lawyers, and two of them. Bigot and Tronchet, were particu
larly recognized as masters of the customary law ; the latter was also at
this period President of the Court of Cassation.
When they approached their task they had at hand the Codes of
Henry III, Henry IV and Louis XIII, and the great Ordinances of the
Kings, beginning with the work of Chancellor L'Hospital and embrac
ing the similar work of Chancellor D'Agesseau. There were also the
Pandects Francaise of Pothier and his commentary on the Customs —
based on the previous work of Charles Dumoulin on the same subject.
Pothier had, in addition, covered the whole field of the Civil Law in a
series of commentaries wherein the reason and spirit of the law had
been reduced to the last analysis in form and shape, ready for the quick
hand of the reformer, and the soul of Domat brooded over the whole —
his essay being a legal Bible, covering the doctrine of natural and
physical law in the government of man. Finally, Cambaceres and his
associates had submitted several drafts of Codes to each succeeding
government raised on the ruins of the French monarchy. This pre
paratory work had in a word covered the field of French Civil, Custom
ary, Commercial and Criminal Law.
The first draft of the Civil Code of France was printed January 1,
1801. It was distributed among the law courts for criticism; at the end
of three months it was submitted to the legislative section of the Coun
cil of State, composed of Boulay, Berlier, Emmery, Portalis, Real and
Thibaudeau, who examined and revised the projet; it was then submit-

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 23
ted, title by title, to the whole body of the Council. At this stage
Napoleon participated in the debates; Loere, the Secretary, has indus
triously preserved the minutes of these discussions, and they constitute
a wonderfully vivid story of the birth of a new legal conception.
After the Code passed the Council of State it was sent to the Legis
lative section and to the Tribunate Assembly. Here the projet suffered
a defeat, and the Code seemed doomed, but the master spirit had other
methods at hand, and by a decree of April 1, 1802, the Code was or
dered resubmitted to the Legislative section of the Tribunate. Between
that section and the similar committee of the Council under the chair
manship of Cambaceres, the work proceeded swiftly, and on March 21,
1804, was adopted in its entirety and became the law of France.
It is not within the scope of this essay to examine in detail this
early form of the Napoleon Code — from some standpoints it has been
called a hasty piece of work, for much that was then thought of first
importance has since been greatly modified by legislation and by judi
cial construction ; to such an extent, indeed, that any use of it in its
early editions is a perilous undertaking if one does not first seek the
light thrown on it by the latest commentators.*
It would be an interesting theme to draw a comparison between
the work as it left the committee's hands, as it received its final
approval and as it stands today, taken in connection with a similar
review of our own Codes of 1808 and 1825, as revised in 1870, together
with the amendments collated up to date ; this analysis would show
that the French Code is entitled to much the same encomium we have
lavished upon our own — that it has proved itself capable of maintaining
a great idea of law in all the shifting changes of continental life.
VI.
Law and Government in Louisiana.
In this story of sources, it seems necessary to cover the govern
mental field as well ; that is to say, the legal history of the government
of Louisiana, from the earliest time to the date of the adoption of our
Code of 1825. There is a disposition to disregard the period anterior
to the Cession as barren — a country too rude, docile and uninteresting
tp have had any system of law for its guide other than the will of the
ruler. This view belongs to a time, and grew up of a purpose, which is
now historic ; never supported in substantial fact, it seems unnecessary
to add that investigation of contemporary archives leaves it discredited.

*The recent monumental work of Fuzier-Herman in annotation has been fol
lowed by several other equally laborious compendiums. One of the things for which
we should be grateful is that the policy has been adopted by this Bar Association to
accumulate a full and complete Civil Law Library, towards which we have an excel
lent beginning on our shelves.

24 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
The writer's impression is that a study of the law and the govern
ment of early Louisiana will not only tell why we came to be adherents
of the Civil rather than of the Common Law, but also why the Civil Law
is still respected and maintained. The theories which were inherited
by the people of 1803 must be understood before we begin to write the
story of their Code.
The legal history of the region comprised within the confines of
the present State of Louisiana begins with the arrival on the Mississippi
coast of the first French colonists in the year 1699. The temporary
rule of a pioneer military settlement gave place early in the eighteenth
century to a civil form of government, of which the Superior Council
was the first type. The Council was already in operation in New
France, now Canada, which was a Crown colony. On its judicial side
it administered the laws of France and the Custom of Paris; on its
legislative side it was, in a sense, autocratic, with slight leanings toward
local self-government.
This form of government — the Superior Council — was adapted by
France to all its colonies, and was, in substance, retained in Louisiana
down to the establishment of the Spanish system. The colony had made
slow growth and could not be considered to have been of any impor
tance, from a state-builder's point of view, until it fell under the control
of Spain. There were, however, certain things already well established
in the life of the new state which had an influence on its future. Two
principal features were that the land was held allodially, dependent
in no way on service to the Crown or to the Government; there was, too,
no order of nobility or preference by virtue of office or otherwise, the
people being all equal before the law.
Besides these, the charter to the Western Company had expressly
provided that judges should be established "who shall judge according
to the laws and ordinances of the Kingdom, and to conform themselves
to the custom of the Provosty and Viscounty of Paris, according to
which the inhabitants may contract, and to avoid diversity it is not
permitted to introduce any other system."
The Superior Council of Louisiana was made a permanent institu
tion by an edict of Louis XV in 1716. It was composed of the Governor-
General and Intendant of New France, the Governor of Louisiana, a
Senior Councillor, the King's Lieutenant, two Puisne Councillors, and an
Attorney-General. It held monthly sessions, exercised the usual pow
ers of a colonial council, and among others the right to determine, in
last resort, cases civil and criminal. In provisional matters, such as
affixing seals, making inventories, the Senior Councillor officiated and
presided as the Judge of First Instance.
A change was made in 1719, so as to provide for judges in the several
districts of the province, there being at that time nine of these, reaching

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 25
from New Orleans to the Illinois. Inferior tribunals were also estab
lished, composed of one Director of the Western Company, and two
reputable inhabitants for civil suits, and four of the latter in criminal
cases, with power of appeal to the Superior Council. In the City of
New Orleans two members of the Council held weekly sessions to try
petty cases.
After the relinquishment of the Western Charter in January, 1732,
and the resumption of the royal authority, changes were made in the
Superior Council to adapt it to the resulting changes in the method of
administration. During the remainder of the French regime the affairs
of the colony were directly superintended by the French government.
On November 3, 1762, by secret treaty, France ceeded to Spain
all of the Province of Louisiana lying west of the Mississippi together
with the portion on the east bank surrounding and including the City
of New Orleans.
In the fall of 1766 Ulloa arrived in New Orleans to take possession
on behalf of the King of Spain, and, failing to exhibit his authority,
was repatriated by the Superior Council in 1768.
On August 18, 1769, however, O'Reilly took formal and physical
possession on behalf of the new sovereign, and by proclamation abol
ished the Superior Council, revoked all the French laws and introduced
the laws of Spain. This derogation from the universal rule of interna
tional law was intended as a punishment for expelling the previous
Spanish Governor. Bullard cites a copy of a royal order under date
of January 28, 1771, wherein the King of Spain declares that he had in
1765 appointed Don Antonio de Ulloa to proceed to the Province of
Louisiana and to take possession as Governor, making, however, no
innovation in its system of government, which was to be entirely inde
pendent of the laws and usages observed in his American dominions,
but considering it as a distinct colony, having even no commerce with
his said dominions, and to remain under the control of its own adminis
tration, council and other tribunals. That the inhabitants having
rebelled in October, 1768, he had commissioned Don Alexandro O'Reilly
to proceed thither and take formal possession, chastise the ringleaders,
and to annex that province to the rest of his dominions. That his orders
had been obeyed, the council abolished, and a Cabildo established in its
place. Thereupon the King proceeds to ratify and confirm all that had
been done, and directs that Louisiana shall be united, as to its spiritual
concerns, to the Bishopric of the Havana, and governed in all else
conformably to the laws of the Indies.
The existence of this decree was not known until long after the
American cession, but the Supreme Court of Louisiana had in the mean
time assumed that the act of O'Reilly in abrogating the French laws
and substituting Spanish law was the due exercise of power within his
discretion, and accordingly the former ceased to apply.
Beard vs. Poydras, 4 Martin (O. S.), 368.

26 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
The Cabildo established by O'Reilly December 1, 1769, was a
familiar form of local government in Spanish colonies. As operated
here, it was composed of ten persons and the Governor. Most of these
persons held additional offices, obtained by purchase and assignable
upon payment of a fixed stipend to the government.
In the Cabildo there were six hereditary Regidors, two Alcaldes,
an Attorney-General and a Secretary. For legal matters there was
no dearth of court officials. The two Alcaldes presided over the City
of New Orleans and for five leagues adjacent thereto. The Alcalde
Provincial had similar jurisdiction beyond the city. There was also
the Court of the Intendant, handling matters of maritime origin and
concerning the revenue, and the Governor's Court, which was the
tribunal of last resort in the province.
The Ordinary Alcalde tried all civil and criminal cases where the
parties were not entitled to military or ecclesiastical protection. Appeal
lay thence to the Cabildo, which designated two Regidors to sit with the
Judges who had decided the case; from these to the Captain-General;
thence to the Royal Audience in St. Domingo, and lastly to the Council
of the Indies at Madrid, was the road on which the cause might go to
final judgment, if the parties were not exhausted by the cost and delay.
The Spanish reorganization was thorough; one of its lasting
changes was the creation of the office of Commandant, one for each
district. He was both a civil and military officer, the collector of the
revenue, the police magistrate, civil Judge, auctioneer, sheriff and
notary public of his district. In short, he was a monopoly and the fore
father of the Parish Judge of the following century.
O'Reilly's work was completed by an abridgment of the Spanish
law and the establishment of a course of legal procedure, promulgated
as guides for the inhabitants until they could master the language and
the laws of Spain. Judge Derbigny and Judge Martin concur in the
view that from this date the laws of that country were the sole guides
of the tribunals in their discussions, and the latter concludes the change
was so gradual it was unnoticed, both systems having great similarity,
particularly in matters of succession, testamentary capacity and the
like, due to the common origin.
The Spanish regime terminated on October 1, 1800, by the cession
of France under the Treaty of St. Idelfonso. Actual delivery, however,
was not accomplished until November 30, 1803, when Laussat, repre
senting Napoleon, became for twenty days master of the situation. He
had arrived in New Orleans in March, 1803, as Colonial Prefect, one of
many new officials whom the French Emperor had designated to govern
Louisiana under plans which contemplated a judiciary on French
models, a revision of the laws, the creation of Civil and Criminal Codes,
etc.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 27
Laussat was disappointed almost at the start by news of the sale
of the province to the United States. Besides, he thought he had not
been well treated by the colonial rulers, and his busy pen reflected his
discolored humor of the moment. Unfortunately the historians of this
period had relied on these caustic words overmuch, and the Spanish
regime accordingly has been set in a pillory that should be pulled down.
While Laussat knew his power was only one of hours, he took fierce
pleasure in bundling oflficial Spain out of doors. On the day he assumed
the reins he abolished the Cabildo and created a municipal government
for New Orleans. He next organized a militia, composed of Americans
and Creoles, and, in short, made himself generally obnoxious to his late
unwilling hosts. Time did not serve him to organize a judiciary, and
his summary extinction of the Cabildo left the city without Judges and
added much to the perplexities of the incoming American administra
tion. On December 20, 1803, he surrendered the country to the United
States — that is, all that portion from New Madrid to the Gulf. Wilkin
son and Claiborne took possession under Presidential authority and in
accordance with the Treaty of Paris of April 30, 1803, and by virtue
of the provisions of the act of Congress of October 31, 1803, authorizing
the President to establish a temporary government for the same.
This act, temporary in its nature, directed the President to appoint
oflficers who should, for the time being, exercise all the functions and
powers of the same oflficers of the existing government, which, of course,
meant the Spanish oflficials and not the short-lived appointees of Colonial
Prefect Laussat. Denunciations of this law during its passage through
Congress met a ready response and echo from the Louisianians, and no
one now defends it for other than its original design — a temporary
bridging over of the period between delivery and legislation for future
government. Claiborne, who owed his rise in life to the friendship of President
Jeflferson, was an American, a native of Virginia, a common-law lawyer,
and at the time of his appointment Governor of the adjoining Mississippi
Territory; he understood neither Spanish or French, but he was young,
honest, loyal to his country and disposed to be fair to the people of his
new trust.He found himself in a trying situation, and events hurried him to
conclusions which under a larger and more intimate acquaintance with
the Creoles he might have avoided. As it was, both Governor and
people had a hard time for a while, and in the bitterness of his heart
the Governor wrote to the President:
"The population is composed of so heterogeneous a mass, such
prejudices exist, and so many differences to reconcile, that 1 fear no
administration or form of government can give general satisfaction."

28 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
Regarding this it might not be amiss to add that this conflict
between American and Creole did not pass away with Claiborne's term.
The Civil War and the period of Reconstruction mark the dates when
the population of New Orleans particularly ceased to divide on those
lines. On December 30, 1803, Claiborne issued a decree establishing a
tribunal composed of seven Judges, called the Court of Common Pleas.
The jurisdiction was both civil and criminal, with the Governor as the
court of last resort.
On the civil side jurisdiction was limited to cases not exceeding
in value three thousand dollars, with the right to appeal to the Governor
when the amount was over five hundred dollars.
On the criminal side it extended to all cases where the punishment
would not exceed two hundred dollars and sixty days' imprisonment.
Each of these Judges was clothed individually with summary
jurisdiction over all debts under one hundred dollars, reserving to the
parties an appeal to the court EN BANC — that is, the seven judges
sitting together. 4 Gayarre, 3.
The limitations and the peculiarities of his system thus established
were not derived from the terms of the act of Congress. His early train
ing, the absolute power of his predecessors, in whose shoes he was
standing, are his own explanation of its source. The people expected
something akin to the territorial judiciary in general, and this new
plan oflfended and insulted them and they said so very plainly, but the
Governor made no reply. He did, however, take up the question in the
privacy of his oflficial correspondence with Madison, Secretary of State,
to whom, on October 16, 1804, he wrote what we may aptly call a de
fense, even though he was not under any charges ofificially.
"1 am charged," he says, "with making unfortunate innovations
on the Spanish System of Jurisprudence and with much of the confusion
which ensued. On my arrival in Louisiana 1 found a disorganized gov
ernment and a dissatisfied people. The Colonial Prefect had abolished
(vdth the exception of the District Commandancies) all the former
Spanish Tribunals. In lieu of the Cabildo 1 found a Municipality
organized upon French principles, but composed of the most respectable
citizens of the province. The seals were put upon the different judicial
offices and no regular judiciary was in existence."
Recapitulating the situation, he concludes:
"1 determined, therefore, to recognize the authorities and the laws
as I found them and to make such further arrangements for the good of
the province as might hereafter suggest themselves to my own mind, or
might be suggested by others and which my own judgment should
approve.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 29
"The treaty had destined Louisiana at some future period to be
incorporated into the Union and in the meantime the inhabitants were
to be secured in their liberty, property and religion.
"This clause of the treaty rendered great innovations upon the
Spanish Laws and Spanish Tribunals absolutely necessary. The criminal
system of jurisprudence could not be preserved, for the liberty of the
citizens was not secured thereby, nor did 1 suppose in the Civil Courts
there was as great security for personal property as I could wish.
"The better, therefore, to comply with the treaty 1 determined
to organize an inferior court in the City of New Orleans upon the
principles congenial to the wishes and interests of the people and some
what similar to the Tribunals of the United States."
In addition to the inferior courts, the Governor held his own
court, driven, as he explained, by the necessities of the situation, the
clamor raised against the finality of the opinions in the Court of Coramon
Pleas being the principal reason. He presided in the Supreme Court, as
he called it, as sole Judge, and caused the proceedings to be conducted
in English, and, not knowing any Spanish law, he resorted to the "Laws
of Justice," and doubtless the law of his early training crept in un
awares. In any event, the operations of this court was the last sti'aw
on the camel's back, and Louisiana grumbled herself hoarse.
Congress came to the rescue with the act of March 26, 1804, where
by the territory was divided into two parts, and that portion, substan
tially what is now the State of Louisiana, was called the Territory of
Orleans. The executive authority was vested in a Governor who held oflfice
for three years, to be appointed by the President. The powers con
ferred were still unusual as compared with similar government in the
Northwest Territory, the Secretary of the Territory, the Judges, the
District Attorney, the Marshal and ofificers of the militia were all ap
pointed by the President.
The legislative power was vested in the Governor and thirteen
"of the most fit and discreet persons of the terrtitory, to be called
the Legislative Council," who should be appointed annually by the
President from among those who held real estate and who should have
resided at least one year in the said territory.
The Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Legisla
tive Council, or of a majority of them, was granted power to alter,
modify or repeal the laws in force at the passage of this act of Congress,
and all rightful subjects of legislation were within the province of the
Legislative Council, subject only to the condition that such action should
not be inconsistent with the Constitution and Laws of the United States
or in conflict with the religious opinions or rights of worship of the
population. No power was granted to the Governor or the Council to
dispose of the soil or tax the lands of the United States, or to interfere
with claims to land within the Territory, and, finally, the Governor was
granted power to convene or prorogue the Legislative Council when
ever he should deem it expedient.

30 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
The judicial power was vested in a Superior Court and in such
inferior Courts and Justices of the Peace as the Legislature of the
Territory might from time to time establish. This Superior Court was
composed of three Judges, who were to hold oflfice for four years. It
was vested with jurisdiction in all criminal cases and exclusive jurisdic
tion in cases which were capital. It had original and appellate juris
diction in all civil cases of the value of one hundred dollars. Provision
was made for trial by jury in criminal prosecution which were capital,
and similar provisions at the instance of the parties in all other criminal
and civil cases. The act also had the usual provision for the benefit of
the writ of habeas corpus, for bail and against the infliction of cruel
and unusual punishment.
Finally, it was provided that
"the laws in force in said Territory at the commencement of this act
and not inconsistent with the provisions thereof shall continue in force
until altered, modified or repealed by the Legislature."
The arbitrary power conferred upon the President and upon his
appointees by this act created more discontent in the Territory and
resulted in the act of Congress of March 2, 1805, whereby the President
was authorized to establish a form of government in the Territory of
Orleans similar to that then exercised in the adjoining Mississippi
Territory, and that under this form of government the inhabitants
should be entitled to enjoy all the rights, privileges and advantages
secured by the ordinance of Congress of July 13, 1787, under which the
Northwest Territory was organized.
Other sections required the Governor to cause a biennial election
to be held by the people for twenty-five representatives to serve in
the General Assembly. Under this provision, and the provision of the
ordinance of 1787, the Legislature of Louisiana was composed of a
House of Representatives and a Legislative Council, now reduced to
five and appointed by the President, out of ten selected by the House
of Representatives. Other portions of the act protected the Territory
against those provisions of the ordinance of 1787, concerning descent
and distribution of estates, etc., and a final provision granted authority
to the people to frame a Constitution as soon as the census showed the
Territory to contain 60,000 inhabitants. The Compact which forms a
part of the ordinance of 1787 was expressly excluded from this enabling
statute, thereby saving to the people of the Territory the right to con
form their laws to the laws previously existing in the Territory, but
this provision did not prevent a serious effort in support of the contrary
contention. This territorial legislation, it may be said in passing, was
bitterly criticized within Congress and elsewhere as a disregard of the
treaty rights of the people of Louisiana.
In the meantime the government provided for in the act of March
26, 1804, has been organized October 1, 1804, with Claiborne again as

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 31
Governor. The first Legislative Council met on December 3, 1804.
While the people of Louisiana had in a sense representation in this
council, it nevertheless bore a striking resemblance to the Superior
Council of the French sovereignty. It was but a very limited form of
representative government.
This Legislative Council, however, created a body of institutional
law which commanded the respect of the times, and much of it is
still part of the organic law of the State.
This Territory was divided into twelve counties, and for each an
inferior court was created, composed of one Judge (Acts 1804, Chap.
25, p. 144), who was given all the power previously exercised by the
Spanish commandant (Ibed., Chap. 44, p. 388). Two months of the
session were consumed on this matter, and the spectre of the Common
Law rose for the first time.
Besides other important legislation, three memorable acts were
placed upon the statute books:
1. Chap. 25, pp. 210-260, adopted April 10, 1805, regulating the
practice of the Superior Court in civil cases — a statute drawn by Edward
Livingston and containing the germ of our Code of Practice.*
2. Chap. 50, pp. 417-454, May 4, 1805, "For the punishment of
crimes and misdemeanors" — a statute drawn by James Workman, a
lawyer of common-law origin. This act is known as the Crimes Act of
1805. 3. The joint resolution of February 4, 1805, p. 458, authorizing
the Legislative Committee previously appointed at this session to draft
a Civil and Criminal Code and "to employ two counsellors at law to
assist them in drafting the said Codes."
This last act, so harmless in its present-day aspect, precipitated a
great discussion in Louisiana ; for a time the establishment of the
Common Law seemed within the probabilities. The passions raised by
the discussion paralyzed the act, and nothing was accomplished under it.
There is no doubt now that the instinct of the people of Louisiana was
correct. Jeflferson intended to bring in the Common Law, and Claiborne
must have so understood. In a letter to Gallatin, under date of Novem
ber 9, 1803, the former says:
"The existing laws of the country [the United States] being now
in force, the new Legislature will of course introduce the trial by jury
first; the HABEAS CORPUS, the freedom of the press, freedom of
religion, etc., as soon as can be, and, in general, draw their LAWS AND
ORGANIZATION to the mould of ours by degrees, as they flnd practica
ble, without exciting too much discontent."!

*Hunt. C. R., Life of Edward Livingston, p. 118, Appleton, N. Y., 1864.
fRobertson's Louisiana Under Spain, France and the United States, Vol. 2,
p. 54; see, also. Letter to Gates, July 11, 1803; Jefferson's Writings; Ford's Ed.
VII, 250-251.

32 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
The first Legislature under the act of Congress of March 2, 1805,
assembled in New Orleans on March 25, 1806. Its most memorable
act was the appointment, June 7, 1806, of James Brown and Moreau
Lislet, lawyers, who were instructed to prepare, with the aid of a com
mittee of the Legislature, "a Civil Code for the use of the Territory."
It was explicitly provided, also, that "the two jurisconsults make the
Civil Law by which the Territory is now governed the groundwork of
said Code." The committee of the Legislature was composed of four
members from the House and two from the Council. (Laws of 1806,
pp. 214-218.) The Legislature which met in 1807 in its first act abolished the
county courts and in their stead created parish courts, one for each
parish, the Judge to be ex-oflficio judge of probate and notary pub
lic. This act was a landmark for years in the legal system of the State.
(Acts of 1807, pp, 2-52.)
In 1808 Moreau Lislet and Brown, the Code Commissioners, re
ported a "Digest of the Civil Laws Now in Force in the Territory of
Orleans, With Alterations and Amendments Adapted to Its Present
System of Government." This was approved by the Legislature in an
act providing for the promulgation of said digest, and signed by the
Governor, March 31, 1808 (Chap. 29, pp. 120-128), and is the work
commonly called the Old Code, or Code of 1808.
This Code was transmitted by Governor Claiborne to the Parish
Judges on October 22, 1808, with instructions which will be found in
the Louisiana Bar Association Reports of 1909, pp. 127-131, wherein the
Governor calls attention to the dissonant views of the Louisianians who
composed so great a part of the population and the American popula
tion on the question of the Civil Law. "The former," he says, "have
heretofore been unwilling to part with the Civil Law, while the latter
have a great dislike to its principles."
The second section of the act of March 31, 1808, declared that
"whatever in the ancient Civil Law of this Territory or in the territorial
statute is contrary to the dispositions contained in said digest, or irre
concilable with them, is hereby abrogated." As was to be expected, it
was not long before the Superior Court of the Territory decided that
this section did not entirely repeal the Spanish laws.
On February 16, 1811, Congress authorized the people of the
Territory to form a Constitution preparatory to its admission into the
Union as one of the States. In November, 1811, the convention to frame
the Constitution assembled in New Orleans, completed its labors within
three months, and adjourned on the 22nd of February, 1812, without
a reference to the people for approval. They took the Constitution of
Kentucky as a model, and made few changes.*

*See Poores' Collection of Constitutions, Washington, 1885, for a copy of the
Kentucky Constitution of this period.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 33
In April, 1812, Congress passed an act admitting the Territory of
Orleans into the Union, under the name of Louisiana, under the Consti
tution just passed.
By Article IV, Section 3, of this Constitution, a Supreme Court was
established, to consist of not less than three, nor more than five Judges,
to be "appointed for good behavior." The Legislature organized a
Court of three Judges. They were given precedence according to the
dates of their commissions, and, when there were a concurrent date,
precedence was established according to age. A majority of the Court
constituted a quorum. (See act of February 10, 1813, pp. 18-34, and
supplemental act of March 26, 1813, pp. 194-206.)
The Superior Court created by the act of Congress of March 26,
1804, had been organized in October of that year by the Presidential
appointment of Duponceau, Kirby and Prevost, Judges. The first
named declined; the second died before taking his seat; and Prevost
accepted and served, and was, therefore, the first Judge of the first
appellate Court of Louisiana. He was a lawyer holding a small judicial
position in New York City, and the organization of the Superior Court
had to wait on his arrival from that city.
Under the act of March 2, 1805, Prevost, Sprigg and Matthews
were appointed Judges.
When the Constitution of 1812 was adopted, Matthews, Lewis
and Martin were sitting in the Superior Court under Presidential com
missions. A very interesting opinion will be found in 2 Martin (O. S.),
161-170, wherein the Judges held that, by the adoption of the Consti
tution, they had ceased to be Territorial (or Federal) Judges, and had
accordingly resigned; but that, under the third section of the Schedule
of the Constitution, they continued in office as the Superior Court of
Louisiana until the Supreme Court should be organized and the Judges
qualified. Their defense of this line of conduct is one of the unusual
things in the literature of the law.
The first session of the Supreme Court of Louisiana was held in
March, 1813. The entry shows that on February 22, 1813, Dominick A.
Hall was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court. On the 23rd of the
same month, George Matthews was appointed, and on March 8, 1813,
Pierre Derbigny received his commission. (3 M. [O.S.l 1.) Under
this appointment, and by reason of the rule of seniority of commission,
Hall became the first Judge of the Supreme Court of Louisiana, and
he served until July 3, 1813, when, being appointed United States Dis
trict Judge, he resigned, and Francois-Xavier Martin was on February
1, 1815, appointed to the vacancy, having in the meantime served as
Attorney-General of the State.
By the resignation of Hall, Matthews became presiding Judge, and
held the oflfice for many years, and until his death. During the interim

34 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
between Hall's resignation and Martin's appointment the Court was
composed of two Judges only by reason of opposition in the Senate.
Gayarre says (4 History, 316-390) that five nominations of the Gover
nor had been rejected. Finally all factions accepted Martin, and he was
commissioned. Judge Martin's first opinion as Judge of the Supreme Court is re
ported in 3 M. (O. S.) 530, in which he held that Jackson's proclamation
of martial law had no effect upon the courts of Louisiana. This was a
famous question of the day, but the decision has a curious interest in
that, on the merits of the controversy, Martin recused himself as having
been of counsel below. (See 3 M. [O. S.l 570.)
Section II of Article IV of the Constitution of 1812 preserved all
the existing laws of the Territory until altered or abolished by the Legis
lature, and inserted a provision which has been perpetuated in every
subsequent Constitution of the State — that no system or code of laws
should ever be adopted by general reference to said system or code,
but in all cases shall specify the several provisions of the law it may
enact. This proviso in the Constitution of 1812 is said to owe its ex
istence to the activity of Bernard Marigny, a Creole of wealth and
power in the community, and a member of the Convention.*
Shortly after the adoption of the Constitution Congress extended
the limits of the new State so as to include the country south of the
Mississippi Territory, east of the Mississippi River and the lakes as
far as Pearl River, which had been annexed by the United States after
the people had risen against Spain.
On March 3, 1819 (Acts, p. 44), in order to encourage the trans
lation of the Partidas, the Legislature appointed Derbigny, Mazereau
and Livingston, a committee to examine the manuscript copy of the
translation of the Partidas which had been made by L. Moreau Lislet
and Henry Carleton, of such parts thereof "as are considered to have
the force of law in this State," and, subject to the approval of this
committee, the State agreed to purchase five hundred copies thereof,
with an assignment of the copyright. This work was completed and
published in English in 1820.
On March 14, 1822 (p. 108), the Legislature appointed a com
mittee — Livingston, Derbigny and Moreau Lislet — to remodel the Code
of 1808 "in such manner as they shall deem advisable," and by the
act of April 12, 1824 (p. 172), the Code prepared by these gentlemen
was adopted and promulgated on the 20th of May, 1825.
An article of this Code repealed all laws for which special pro
vision had been made in the Code, and all of the Code of 1808, except
Title Ten, Chapter Three, treating of the dissolution of corporations
or communities.

''See Livingston, Introduction to Penal Law, p. 77.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 35
Interpretation by the Supreme Court led to the passage of the act
of March 12, 1828, Section 25, p. 160, whereby all the Roman, French
and Spanish laws were repealed, sweeping away in one brief sentence
of five lines a system that had been the guide and government of the
people for over a century. This repealing clause has, however, been
judicially settled to mean only the Spanish, Roman and French Civil
Laws of positive written or statutory character, and only such as were
introductory of a new rule; "that the Legislature did not intend to
abrogate those principles of law which had been established or settled
by the decisions of the courts of justice."*
The Code of 1825 is the proper conclusion of the foregoing review
of the legal history of Louisiana as it was outlined in the opening of this
address. An interesting article could be written on the changes and
modifications from that period to the present day, but it is not within
the purview of this essay.
It suffices to add that anterior to the adoption of the Constitution
of 1868 the Code of 1825 had received additions and alterations by
legislative amendments. These had been in some respects of a far-
reaching and substantial character. The results of the Civil War, and
the serious constitutional changes culminating in the Reconstruction
Constitution of 1868, made a revision of the Code necessary. This was
done under the authority of the joint resolution of October 21, 1868
(No. 182, p. 237; see, also, No. 31, p. 39, Ibid.) A joint legislative com
mittee, three from each House, were the responsible revisers, and John
Ray, a lawyer of Monroe, had charge of the details. (See acts of 1870,
No. 95, p. 131.) Their work — the existing Revised Civil Code — was
accepted by the Legislature and promulgated by act of March 14, 1870
(No. 97, p. 131).
In essentials there is little diflference between the revision of 1870
and the Code of 1825; in details the variation is great, among which is
to be noted the mass of amendatory legislation incorporated in its
proper place, and the elimination of the tacit mortgage.
By Act No. 160 of 1908, approved July 2, 1908, three commissioners
were appointed to revise the Code of 1870, and their report has been
made and ought to be acted upon in the ensuing (1912) session of the
Legislature. It is not within my province to discuss the projet thus submitted,
as that matter is in the hands of a committee of this association specially
raised for the purpose.

*Reynolds vs. Swayne, 13 La., 193.

36 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
VIL
The Civil Code of Louisiana — 1808-1825.
For many years anterior to the cession of 1803, Spanish Louisiana
had kept company with two very troublesome neighbors — the English
in West Florida and the United States everywhere. Uncle Sam's elbows
were particularly long and sharp and were continuously in the ribs of
his neighbor. The temper of the times was not favorable to a proper
understanding by the people each of the other, and so it fell out that the
Louisianian regarded the Englishman, his habits, his customs and his
laws, as in exceedingly bad form and in viler taste; but bad as the
English were, the Americans were simply insuflferable.
There had been a steady drift of keen, money-hunting Americans
emigrating to New Orleans, and one of the most malignant of these was
Daniel Clark, one-time consul of the United States and general trouble
maker. Wilkinson, a military commander of that government, repre
sented an equally obnoxious type.
The mild way of Spain had won the hearts of the people of Lou
isiana, and particularly of that portion wherein we now reside, and
there w'as a very great element of content with her rule. At heart, how
ever, the people of this section were French, and the news that the great
Emperor had taken over the province filled the people of Louisiana with
exceeding joy — only to be rudely dashed from their hearts by the
announcement that they had become incorporated into the American
Republic. The cession of Louisiana had not been completed by formal delivery
before there descended upon the people of New Orleans another host
of Americans, all intent on one primary object — the making of a for
tune. Among these people came lawyers, almost all of common-law
origin, many of them ignorant of the language of the people among
whom they had settled ; but, fortunately for the future of the State,
they were, with very few exceptions, men of remarkable ability. Their
names are spead upon the judicial reports of the Commonwealth during
the first quarter of the last century. With them, and as absolutely
their equals, were men of French extraction or of Louisiana birth. The
names of Martin, Derbigny, Hall, Matthews, Lewis, Duponceau, Brown,
Porter, Moreau Lislet, Workman, Livingston and Mazareau are but a
few of the great names that would have adorned the legal history of
any time. It must also be added that the majority of these legal emi
grants remained and became excellent leaders and good citizens, shed
ding lustre on the race with whose destiny they had become associated.
The Treaty of Paris, with its guarantee of liberty and religion to
the inhabitants, carried also a stipulation for the incorporation of the
ceded territory into the sisterhood of States, with all the rights, prerog
atives, and immunities guaranteed by the Constitution of the United

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 37
States. The clause in question received a literal interpretation from the
people, and the prejudice which still lingered against the treaty would
have amounted to little or nothing had not public sentiment been vio
lently stirred by the preliminary act of Congress of October, 1803, and
by the appearance among them of a Governor or alien origin, clothed
with the most arbitrary power, under whom there followed, and, of
course, through no fault of his, the immediate abolition of the language
of the country and the establishment in lieu thereof of a language which
few except the leaders of the people understood.
The peaceful colonials quickly developed the characteristics of
their American neighbors when smarting under what they conceive
to be oppressive and unequal government. It was apparent that they
were not to be trusted and that the Government of the United States
looked upon them as foreigners, incapable of self-government, and,
perhaps, disloyal to the established order, and ready for revolt.
"The colonists in Louisiana," says Henry Adams, "had been for
a century the spoiled children of France and Spain. Petted, protected,
fed, paid, fiattered and given every liberty except the right of self-
government, they liked Spain and loved France, but they did not love
the English or Americans; and their irritation was extreme when they
saw Claiborne, who knew nothing of their society and law, abolish their
language, establish American Judges who knew only American law,
while he himself sat as a court of last resort without even an attorney
to advise him as to the meaning of the Spanish law he administered.
At the same time that, as a Judge, he could hang his subjects, as Intend
ant he could tax them, and as Governor he could shoot the disobedient.
Even under the Spanish despotism appeal might be had to Havana or
Madrid, but no appeal lay from Claiborne's judgment seat."
It is due to historical truth to say that this picture is overdrawn so
far as the practical side is presented, and theoretically it is not quite a
correct understanding of the situation. Claiborne did not ostracise
the Creoles; on the contrary, he did his best to bring them into oflfice,
and he longed for their help. Of course he preferred those who spoke
his language and whose methods of thought ran along the lines of his
own ideas of government. The exercise by him of authority unques
tionably conferred on him by law might be expected to have aroused
criticism, in the Territory from which he had just departed. It would
not have drawn attention here if he could have won over some of the
leaders and recommended these men for service in the Legislative Coun
cil, but, flanked by their obstinancy, he could only fall back upon those
who willingly supported him.
In the meantime the agitation grew acute, with the results already
mentioned — the adoption of the act of March 26, 1804, which so far
from appeasing the people, aroused them to a greater pitch. They saw
here, or believed they saw, a willful disregard of their petitions, and
they became confirmed in the idea that the treaty provisions were to be
ignored and they were to be ruled by an alien race for an indefinite

38 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
period of time. Then came the act of March 2, 1805, which opened
the door of hope, and which, fortunately for our future, began to solve
a problem which for a little while seemed insoluble.
But the first session of the Legislative Council left a bitter taste in
the mouths of the Creoles. They were not displeased at the abolition
of the Spanish criminal law, but the form in which the relief came
thrust upon them a foretaste of what might happen when it came to the
question of establishing a system of Civil Law for the government of
their civil rights. The activity of the lawyers of American origin, and
the undoubted intellectual ability of these emigrants, left it uncertain
for a short period whether the civil government would not in all respects
conform to that which existed in the adjoining Territory and in the re
mainder of the United States.
Indeed, it is not diflficult to understand that under slightly diflferent
circumstances the system of the Civil Law, whether Spanish or French
in its derivation, would have quietly passed into history and the univer
sal system of the States have taken its place. There can be no historical
doubt that Claiborne and those who surrounded him would have been
glad to see this system inaugurated, and the first Code Commission was
expected to follow this idea. Indeed, at the earliest opportunity Clai
borne had vetoed a bill looking with favor on the Civil Law theory.
Regarding the activity of our legal forbears. Judge Eustis says:*
"''•''' At the commencement of the dominion of the United
States in Louisiana some of the lawyers from the old States were dis
posed to introduce here the system of laws with which they were famil
iar. It was natural for them to prefer a change which would enable
them at once to make available what they had already acquired to the
toil of learning a system with which they were unacquainted, and which
presented the additional difficulty of being in a foreign language. Ef
forts were not spared by this portion of the profession to introduce the
Common Law as it has been since introduced and prevails in the other
States whose territory formerly belonged to France and Spain."
Fortunately, Edward Livingston, of common-law origin, had made
a study of the Civil Law before his arrival in Louisiana, and felt for it
an aflfection and esteem which is evidenced all through his literary
and professional activity, and perhaps we owe it to his memory to say
that if any one man not native-born could be credited with the mainten
ance of the Civil Law as the fundamental law of Louisiana that credit
is due to his conduct in this crisis.
In his Introductory Report to the System of Penal Law, he makes
a passing illusion to the subject which is worth repeating in this con
nection : "The framers of our Constitution had been witnesses to and had
participated in the anxiety and dismay that pervaded the whole com
munity when an attempt was made in the earliest stage of our political

^Succession of Franklin, 7 An., p. 418.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 39
connection with the United States to take advantage of an ambiguous
expression of the ordinance given for our government in order to intro
duce a new system of jurisprudence totally unknown to, and the knowl
edge of which was unattainable by, the people of the Territory. They
dreaded the Common Law of England. They feared another attempt to
introduce it. Their escape was too recent not to make them apprehend
that in future times the struggle might be renewed. They wisely
thought that to be free a people must know the laws by which they
were governed. They were aware of the difficulty — nay, the utter
impossibility — of this knowledge being acquired when the law was
unwritten, or, if written, dispersed through hundreds of volumes in a
language unknown to three-fourths of their constituents. They saw
the danger of permitting a particular class of men to become the sole
depositaries of this knowledge, and the sole interpreters of the laws,
and they did everything that prudent foresight could do to prevent
these evils."*

These were the forces and conditions arrayed against each other
when the Legislative Council adopted, on February 4, 1805, a resolution
"to create a Civil and Criminal Code for the Territory." The victory,
for a time in the balance, swung to the Civil Law and enabled the Cre
oles to write into the act of June 7, 1806, the instruction "that the two
jurisconsults shall make the Civil Law by which this Territory is now
governed the groundwork of said Code," and so it came to pass that
out of the whole wide territory of the cession in which the Civil Law
had ruled for a hundred years the triumphant Common Law
was stopped only at the Territory of Orleans, and the ancient usages
and privileges of the people were re-established and perpetuated in
what is now the Civil Code of Louisiana.
In preparing the Digest of 1808 there is no doubt that Moreau
Lislet and Brown followed the first projet of the Napoleon Code. There
are very many articles identical with articles of the Napoleon Code,
from which the legend gathered strength, until it is customary now to
say that the Digest of 1808 was a mere transcript of the first projet
of the Napoleon Code. I am not here called upon to point out the
diflferences, but that work will be done some day and the legend will
be destroyed, for it is a fact that the Digest of 1808 differs in many
particulars and in substantial qualities from the projet, and the contrast
between these diflferences is often sharp and clean. The Digest of 1808
was a substantial contribution to the jurisprudence of the world, but,
due to the haste and stress with which it was compiled, and perhaps,
also, to the limited vision of the compilers, they left many things un
touched, and it soon developed that the interests of justice required the
judicial revival of Spanish law.
Glancing at the decisions which established this principle, we find
that they were based upon contracts antedating the cession, or upon
rights created long before that event, for which no remedy or provi-
*Penal Law of Louisiana, p. 77.

40 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
sion had been established in the digest, or, if established, such provi
sions were destructive of rights which had sprung into existence long
before the change in the law.
Every year that elapsed made the confusion greater, until the
reasons that moved the interpretation in favor of the Spanish laws
were equally cogent in hastening their repeal, for they were injected
into controversies having their origin under the Code.
Reference to French and Spanish laws are so frequent in the early
reports that one marvels the people allowed even a decade to go by
without attempts at revision, especially when access could be had to
the completed French Code and to the extensive commentaries already
published regarding it.
The first steps toward this revision came, as we have seen, in 1819.
The report of the commissioners shows that they took the Digest of
1808 as a basis and rearranged the matter, struck out old articles and
incorporated new ones, undoubtedly using the Code Napoleon as a book
of reference, the result being that, for the first time, the Civil Code
took on that physical resemblance to the Code Napoleon which fur
ther strengthened the tradition that it is substantially the same. Com
parison will show that, while the resemblances are in fundamental
principles of Civil Law, the results of our own jurisprudence are incor
porated, arising from the interpretation of all the old and new laws,
and from the experiences of the colony and Territory. Other differ
ences are the product of original thought, of which the most signal
example is Livingston's creation of our "Law of Obligation," which
merges Common Law and Civil Law in a way which would shock the
sensibilities of a French jurist.
I have completed the task alloted to me and regret only that I have
not been able to compress the subject into smaller compass. The time,
however, will have been well spent if this slight and passing reference
to a great and living system shall have existed in your minds a wish to
go beyond these limits.
We are so used to the heat and rush and turmoil of active, every
day professional life that we are prone to overlook the pleasure and
the happiness which lie in the study even of academic problems. Our
brethern in France, Belgium, Germany and England have long since
taken this lesson to their hearts, and their presses teem with works
that excite the admiration and rouse the envy of their contemporaries.
There somewhat of the old order of learning still survives; there men
apparently are yet satisfied to labor at tasks that no coin of the realm
can remunerate. The splendor which illuminates their minds exalts
their scholarly desires. They abide in the satisfaction of that desire,
and they point us a moral and an example.
If anything said to-day leads one of you back into that ancient but
still charming circle, where love of thought predominates, where daily
care is lost and forgotten, I shall have received my recompense.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 41

APPENDIX

The Sources of the Civil Gode of Louisiana
BIBLIOGRAPHY

I have had great diflficulty in reaching much of the material here
after described and have prepared this Bibliography thereof for the
benefit of the next student.
Bullard, Henry A., Ex-Judge, Supreme Court of Louisiana :
Discourse delivered before the Historical Society of Louisiana,
January 13, 1836. French's Historical Collections of Louisiana,
Part I. New York, Wiley & Putnam, 1846.
Bryce, James:
Roman and English Law.
Methods of Law-making in Rome and England.
Studies in History and Jurisprudence, 72 and 669.
Cameron, J. S. Taylor:
Roman Law in the Early Middle Ages. 7 Juridicial Review, 118
(1896), Edinburgh.
Charleton, Henry, and Moreau Lislet :
The Partidas, with introduction. James McKaraher, New Orleans,
1820.
Civil Code of 1825 :
Additions and Amendments (in English and French), prepared
by the committee appointed to revise the same. 1823. Benjamin
Levy, New Orleans.
Farrar, Edgar Howard :
The Legal Remedy for Plutocracy. Address before the Alumni,
University of Virginia, June 17, 1902.
Favrot, Henry L. :
The First Governor on the First Code. Louisiana Bar Associa
tion Reports, 1909, p. 127.
Fenner, Charles E., One-time Justice Supreme Court of Louisiana :
The Genesis and Descent of the System of Law Prevailing in Lou
isiana. Commencement address, Tulane Law School, May 15,
1886. Printed as Introduction to "Cross on Successions," New
Orleans, 1891.

42 THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA
The Civil Code of Louisiana as a Democratic Institution. Address
before Louisiana Bar Association, May 7, 1904. Printed in An
nual Report, 1904, pp. 9-25.
Fisher, H. A. L., Oxford, M. A.:
The Codes: The Cambridge Modern History. Napoleon, Vol. IX,
Ch. VI. , 148.
Forstall, E. J. :
Antiquities of Louisiana and French Colonial Records. 1. De Bow's
Commercial Review, pp. 238-257, New Orleans, 1846.
Gayarre, Charles:
The New Orleans Bench and Bar in 1823. Harper's Magazine,
1888; reprinted 1894 in The Louisiana Book, edited by McCaleb.
Howe, W. W., One-time Justice Supreme Court of Louisiana:
Roman and Civil Law in America. 16 Harvard Law Review, 342.
Hunt, Carleton :
Life and Services of Edward Livingston. Louisiana Bar Association
Reports, 1908, p. 7.
Legare, H. S. :
Origin, History and influence of Roman Legislation.
Codification. D'Aguesseau: I. Writings, 502, Charleston, S. C,
1846, 2. Ibid., 482-559.
Leovy, Henry J. :
Introduction and Historical Synopsis to Laws and General Ordi
nances of New Orleans. New Orleans, E. C. Wharton, 1857.
Louisiana and Her Laws, 1851. The New Orleans Book. Reprinted
1894, The Louisiana Book, edited by Thomas McCaleb.
Lislet-Moreau :
See Carleton, Henry.
Marr, R. H., Jr. :
Introductory Essay to Index of Acts of Louisiana Legislature. New
Orleans, 1903.
Merrick, E. T., One-Time Chief Justice Supreme Court of Louisiana :
The Laws of Louisiana and Their Sources. 29 Am. Law Register,
1, January, 1890.
Porter, Alexander, Jr. :
On the Laws of Louisiana 1820. Appendix, Note II, 5 Wheaton
U. S. Reports, 215 (Brightly's Edition) .
Porter, B. F. (of Alabama) :
Ancient Sources of Louisiana Law. 1. De Bow's Commercial
Review, New Orleans, 1846.

THE SOURCES OF THE CIVIL CODE OF LOUISIANA 43
Pothier :
Essay or Eulogy by a Contemporary. Translated, as a preface to
the English edition of Pothier on Obligations, by W. D. Evans.
Saunders, Eugene D. :
The Law of Louisiana. Introduction to new edition of Revised
Civil Code of 1870. New Orleans, 1909.
Schmidt, Gustavus:
(a) History of the Jurisprudence of Louisiana. Louisiana Law
Journal, No. 1, p. 1, May, 1846. New Orleans, E. Johns & Co.,
1841.
(b) Coutume de Paris, Digest. Ibid., p. 17.
(c) Ordinances and Instructions of Don Alexander O'Reilly. Ibid.,^
No. 2, p. 1, August, 1841.
(d) The Code Napoleon. Ibid., No. 3, p. 1, January, 1842.
(e) Were the Laws of France Abolished by O'Reilly? Ihid., No.
4, pp. 23-38, April, 1842.
(f) The Civil Law of Spain and Mexico. New Orleans, Thomas
Rea, 1851.
Semmes, Thomas J. :
(a) Annual Address, American Bar Association. 1886, 9 Rep. Am..
Bar Association, 189.
(b) The Civil Law as Transplanted in Louisiana. 1882, 5 Rep..
Am. Bar Association, 243.
Taylor, Harris :
A Comparative Study of Roman and English Law in the Old World
and the New. Address before the Louisiana Bar Association in
1899. Reports, 153.
Wigmore, John Henry:
Louisiana — The Story of Its Jurisprudence. 1888. 22 Am. Law
Review, 890.
I have not included in the foregoing list the works in English,
French and German which touch the subject at some point, nor the
histories, local and otherwise. I recognize at the last minute it would
have been better to have included these ; also references to the many
cases in the Supreme Court of Louisiana and in the Supreme Court of
the United States, but I lack the time now to retrace my steps.

44 BIOGRAPHICAL
MEMBERS STATE SUPREME COURT

OLIVIER O. PROVOSTY,
Chief Justice of
the Supreme
Court of Louisi
ana, was born in
Pointe Coupee
parish, Louisiana,
on Aug. 3, 1852,
of parents of
French descent,
Auguste and Elis-
ka Labry Provos
ty. Is a Catholic.
His education
was at home by
private tutors and
later at Poydras
College, and fin
ally at George
town University,
D. C. He studied law in the office of
Thomas H. Hewes; then in that of J. Ad.
Rozier, then at Louisiana University, now
Tulane, and was admitted to the bar on
Jan. 14, 1873. He was appointed Associ
ate Justice of the Supreme Court by Gov
ernor Heard on March 16, 1901, and at the
end of his first term was continued in of
fice by election. He became chief justice
by seniority on Jan. 2, 1922. He not hav
ing been a candidate for re-election, his
term of office vidll expire on the 31st of
December, 1922, and he will retire on two-
thirds pay on the 30th of December, 1922.
JOHN RUTHERFORD LAND,
Associate Justice
of the Supreme
Court of Louisi
ana, elected Sept.
27, 1921, from
the Second Su
preme Court Dis
trict of this state,
was born July 9,
1862, at Lexing
ton, Miss. He is
the son of Judge
Thomas T. Land
and Mary Eliza
beth Dillingham.
Judge Land was
educated at the
Washington and
Lee University,
Lexington, Va., and was admitted to the
bar in 1884. He was a member of the
lower house of the General Assembly,
1888-1890; was elected District Attorney
of the First Judicial District of the state
for three successive terms, and was elected
District Judge of the same Judicial District
for three successive terms without opposi
tion. He is recognized as an able judge
and close student of the law.

CHARLES AUSTIN O'NIELL
Was born in
Franklin, Louisi
ana, Sept. 7th,
1869, and is the
son of John
O'Niell and Isa
bella M. Burn
ham. He resides
in Franklin, but
hi? office address
is the Supreme
Court of Louisi
ana, New Orleans.
He received his
education at Tu-
1 a n e University
and Christ ian
Brothers' College,
Memphis, Tenn.,
receiving a degree of Bachelor of Arts at
the latter institution. He was graduated
from Tulane Law School in 1893. Judge
O'Niell became Chief Justice of the Su
preme Court of Louisiana Dec. 30, 1922,
after having served as Associate Justice
for eight years, having come to the bench
in 1914.

WINSTON OVERTON,
Associate Justice
State Supreme
Court, was born
in M a r k sville,
Louisiana, Octo
ber 4, 1870, and
is the son of
Thomas Overton
and Laura E.
Waddill. His home
address is Lake
Charles, La., but
has offices at the
New Court Bldg.,
New Orleans. He
received his edu
cation at Louisi
ana State Univer
sity and A. and
M. College. He studied law with Thomas
Overton and was admitted to the bar Oc
tober 18, 1892. Mr. Overton was City
Attorney of Lake Charles from 1899 to
1907; District Judge of Fifteenth Judicial
District from December, 1908, to Decem
ber, 1920; member of the Constitutional
Convention of Louisiana, held in the year
of 1921, and was the chairman of the Judi
ciary Committee of that convention. At
present Mr. Overton is Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court of Louisiana, hav
ing qualified as such on July 5, 1921.

BIOGRAPHICAL

45

BEN C. DAWKINS,
Associate Justice
State Supreme
Court, is a native
ofLouisia na,
born in Ouachita
City, July 19,
1881, and is the
son of Edward A.
Dawkins and Car
oline Shute. His
residence address
is Monroe, Louis
iana, but he has
his office at the
New Court Bldg.,
New Orleans, be-
i n g Associate
Justice of the Su
preme Court'f rom
December 10, 1918, to the present time.
He was District Judge, Ouachita and More
house parishes, from December 9, 1912,
to December 10, 1918. He was a member
of the Constitutional Convention, 1921, by
appointment of the Governor. Judge Daw
kins received his education at Louisiana
Industrial Institute (now Louisiana Tech.)
and Tulane University, being admitted to
the bar May 15, 1906. He is a member
of the Southern Yacht Club of New Or
leans. JOHN ST. PAUL,
Associate Justice
of Supreme
Court, was born
in Mobile fifty-
six years ago. He
received his edu
cation there and
at Spring Hill
College. Moving
to New Orleans,
he graduated in
law from Tulane
University, and
after several
years in commer
cial life, entered
into active prac
tice. He at once
began to take
part in public affairs and was a member
of the Ballot Reform League, out of which
grew the Citizens' League in 1896. In that
year he was elected a member of the State
Senate and took part in all the exciting
events of those days. He was a member
of the Constitutional Convention of 1898,
and as a member of the suffrage commit
tee, assisted in framing the most impor
tant article of that constitution, the article
on suffrage. In 1899 he was appointed one
of the judges of the Civil District Court,
serving for ten years, when he was elevated
to the Court of Appeal, on which he served
for nearly thirteen years. He was then,
after an exciting campaign, elected to his
present position, which he assumed at the

beginning of 1922. Judge St. Paul was
the first Dean of Loyola Law School and
occupied that position for four years, when
he resigned. He is a man of family, hav
ing married Florence, daughter of the late
L. 0. Townsley of Mobile, by whom he has
seven children, three sons and four daugh
ters.

ROBERT RAYMOND REID,
Associate Justice State Supreme Court,
Is native of Mississippi, born in Canton,
March 12, 1855, and is the son of Dr. Co
lumbus Reid and Prances Herndon McKie.
His home address is Amite, La., at which
place he had his offices. Judge Reid ob
tained his education at Virginia Military
Institute, of which institution he is a grad
uate, and the Law Department of the Uni
versity of Louisiana. He studied law with
E. R. Craig and was admitted to the bar
April 12, 1877. In religion he was a Meth
odist. He did not specialize in any particu
lar branch of the law, but did a general
practice. Judge Reid was associated with
the following firms: Marr & Reid, from
1880 to 1884; Reid & Reid, 1889 to 1892;
Reid & Purser, 1904 to 1906; Reid, Purser
& Reid, 1906 to 1909, and R. C. & S. Reid,
1919 to 1922. Judge Reid served in the
following public positions: District Judge,
1892 to 1904; member of the Constitutional
Convention, 1921, and was elected to the
Supreme Court of Louisiana in 1922. He
died in Amite, La., on January 14, 1923.

WYNNE GREY ROGERS,
Associate Justice ol the Supreme Court,
Is a native of Louisiana, born in New Or
leans, December 26, 18'74, and is the son
of Owen Wynne Rogers and Mary Winkel-
mann Rogers. His residence address is 4431
Canal Street, New Orleans, and his office
is the Supreme Court of Louisiana. He
was elected Judge of the Civil Court, Par
ish of Orleans, in March, 1920, and was
elected Judge of the Supreme Court of
Louisiana in November, 1922. Judge Rog
ers obtained his education at the public
and private schools in New Orleans and Tu
lane University, graduating in law in 1895
from the latter institution, being admitted
to practice in 1896. He is a member of a
number of fraternal and social organiza
tions, among which he is Past Grand Mas
ter, F. & A. M. of Louisiana; Past Poten
tate, Jerusalem Temple, A. A. 0. N. M. S. ;
Knight Templar, 32nd Degree Mason,
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club, Church
Club, Young Men's Gymnastic Club, New
Orleans Press Club, Boys' High School
Alumni Association, Orient Grove, Ancient
Order of Druids, Eagles, New Orleans City
Park Improvement Association and ex-of
ficio member Louisiana Bar Association.

46

BIOGRAPHICAL

PERCY JOSEPH HEINES

JOHN A. KLOTZ

Was born in New
Orleans Nov. 21,
1888, and is the
son of Philip
George Heines
and Mary Clark
Heines. His res
idence address is
3609 Constance
street, New Or
leans, and his of
fice is care of Su
preme Court of
Louisiana. He ob
tained his educa
tion at the public
schools and Spen
cer's B usiness
College. Mr.
Heines married Miss Lillie Elizabeth Woods
and has five children. He is a member of
Palmetto Camp No. 2, W. O. W. He was
employed for nine years as clerk and book
keeper in the law office of Cage, Baldwin
& Crabites, and has been deputy clerk of
the Supreme Court of Louisiana for four
teen years.

Was born in New
Orleans 47 years
ago and is the son
of Edward Klotz
and Eliza beth
Schmidt. At pres
ent he resides at
Z628 D u m a ine
street. New Or
leans, and his of-
"ice address is the
Supreme Court
of Louisiana, of
which he is the
Chief Deputy
Clerk. Mr. Klotz
obtained his edu
cation at the pub
lic schools. He
has been very active in social affairs in
New Orleans, being President of Pickwick
Benevolent Association and a member of
Eagle Lodge No. 16, Benevolent Knights
of America, and City Park Improvement
Association.

BENJAMIN W. KERNAN

HENRY P DART, SR.,
Senior member
of the well-known
firm o f Dart,
Kernan & Dart,
is the son of
Henry Dart and
Mary (Plauche)
Dart. He was born
in Fort St. Phi
lip, Plaquemines
Parish, La., Feb
ruary 5, 1858.
His residence
is 1904 Palmer
Avenue, New Or
leans, and has
offices at 1022
Canal Commer
cial Bank Build
ing. Mr. Dart obtained his education in
the public schools of New Orleans, and
studied law with Cotton & Levy of that
city. He was admitted to the bar Febru
ary 11, 1879, and has been conducting a
general civil practice since. He was the
last president of the New Orleans Law As
sociation in 1898, and was the organizer
and first president of the Louisiana Bar As
sociation, 1898 to 1902. He was vice-presi
dent and president of Court House Com
mission which built the present Civil Court
Building. He is a member of the Boston
Club, New Orleans Country Club, Audubon
Golf Club, Louisiana Historical Society,
Louisiana Bar Association and American
Bar Association.

Is ranked as one
of the prominent
lawyers at the
New Orleans bar.
He was born in
Clinton, La., and
is 53 years of
age. He is the
son of William F.
Kernan and Sa
rah C. Wall. He
was married on
June 27, 1906, to
Alice Lange, one
of the daughters
of Horatio Lange
and Louis Aldige,
and has five
daughters. His
home is at 52 Neron place. New Orleans,
and he has offices at 1022 Canal-Commer
cial Bank Building, being a member of the
well-known firm of Dart, Kernan & Dart.
While engaged in general practice, most
of his attention is devoted to the law of
torts. Mr. Kernan received his early edu
cation in the grammar schools of Clinton,
La., and thereafter attended Tulane Uni
versity. He studied law under the direc
tion of Mr. Henry P. Dart of New Orleans
and at Tulane University, graduating in
the class of 1892, and was admitted to the
bar May 31, 1892. He was President of the
Louisiana Bar Association for two succes
sive terms, from 1913 to 1915, and is also
a member of the American Bar Associa
tion. He is a member of the Masonic fra
ternity and other fraternal organizations,
and of the Boston Club and Southern Yacht
Club.

BIOGRAPHICAL

47

HENRY P. DART, JR.,
Born in New Or
leans 39 years
ago, on July 22,
1883. He is a
son of Henry P.
Dart, Sr., and
Mary Lytle Ker
nan. Acquiring
the usual prelim
inary education,
be attended Tu
lane University,
where he received
the degree o f
A.B., in 1903,
and L.L. B., in
1905. He also
attended H a r -
vard University.
He was admitted to the bar in 1905, and
entered the firm of Dart, Kernan & Dart
in 1908. He married Miss Suzanne Du-
paquier on June 9, 1915, and has four
children. He is a member of Sigma Alpha
Epsilon fraternity, Boston Club and Au
dubon Golf Club of New Orleans, Elks,
Louisiana Lodge F. & A. M. 102, Jerusa
lem Temple Mystic Shrine of New Orleans,
and other fraternal organizations. He is
¦also a member of the Louisiana Bar Asso
ciation and American Bar Association.

LOUIS C. GUIDRY
Was born in New
Orleans July 24,
1896, and is the
son of Louis C.
Guidry and Ma
rie Deblanc de la
Croix. He has
offices at 1022
Canal Commer
cial Bank Build
ing, where he is
a protege of and
practicing with
the law firm of
Dart, Kernan &
Dart. Mr. Gui-
dry's home ad
dress is 6038 Col
iseum street. New
Orleans. He obtained his education at St.
Martinville High School, St. Martinville,
La., and Loyola University, New Orleans.
He studied law with Dart, Kernan & Dart
and obtained his degree of LL.B. at Loyola
University. Mr. Guidry does not specialize
in any particular branch of the law, but
does a general practice. However, as he
was at one time in touch with railway
transportation as agent of the Western
Weighing and Inspection Bureau and be
came interested in that branch of the law,
he expects to make use of his experience
in the field of interstate commerce and
kindred subjects.

ST. CLAIR ADAMS. Mr. Adams was
born in New Or
leans, La., on Oc
tober 26, 1878,
and is now 44
years of age. He
is the son of Jo
seph Sinclair Ad
ams and Augusta
Pugh Adams. Mr.
Adams was edu
cated in the New
Orleans public
schools and at
the Tulane Uni
versity of Louisi
ana, from which
he graduated at
law in May, 1900.
He is at present president of the Pickwick
Club and a member of the New Orleans
Country Club and the Audubon Golf Club.
Mr. Adams has occupied several public of
fices, having been Assistant District At
torney from 1901 to 1904; Assistant City
Attorney from 1904 to 1908, and District
Attorney for the parish of Orleans from
1908 to 1912. During the war with Ger
many Mr. Adams was chairman of the New
Orleans chapter of the American Red
Cross. JOHN DART
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans,
December 1 3 ,
1888, and is the
son of Henry P,
Dart and Mary
(Kernan) Dart.
His home address
is 1904 Palmer
Avenue, and has
offices at 1022
Canal Commer
cial Building.
He is a member
of the firm of
Dart, Kernan &
Dart. Mr. Dart
obtained his edu
cation at Rugby
Academy and Tulane University, and was
admitted to the bar June 4, 1914. He
served in the army. May, 1916, to Au
gust, 1919. He also served on Mexican
border in 1916, and was appointed second
lieutenant of Field Artillery, at Leon
Springs, in 1917. He arrived in France,
May, 1918, and served in Army of Occupa
tion in Germany, to July, 1919. He does
not specialize in any particular branch of
the law, but does a general civil practice.
He is a member of the Pickwick Club,
Southern Yacht Club, Audubon Golf Club,
American Bar Association, Louisiana Bar
Association, Louisiana Historical Society,
and Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.

48

BIOGRAPHICAL

BENJAMIN W. DART

of Tulane law school

Is a member of
the law firm of
Dart, Kernan fi
Dart, with offices
at 1022 Canal-
Commercial Bank
Building, New
Orleans, La. He
was born in New
Orleans, March
13, 1890, the
fourth son of
Henry Plauche
Dart and Mary
Lytle (Kernan)
Dart. His resi
dence is at 1837
Palmer Avenue.
He is a graduate
LL.B., class 1913,

and was admitted to the bar of Louisiana,
June 13, 1913. Mr. Dart is a member
of the Pickwick Club, Tulane Alumni,
American Bar Association, Louisiana Bar
Association and ZAE Fraternity.

DANIEL WENDLING,
Residence New
Orleans, was born
in New Orleans,
and is 43 years
of age, son of
Michael Wend-
ling and Appolo-
nio Klein, and is
engaged in the
general practice
of law, with of
fices at 700 Ca
nal - Commercial
Building. He was
educated in the
public schools, be
gan his career
typewriting the
decisions of the
Supreme Court of Louisiana, and subse
quently became Secretary to Justices Wat
kins and Provosty of that court, and later
to U. S. Judges David D. Shelby, Charles
Parlange, Eugene D. Saunders. Was Dep
uty Clerk U. S. District Court, Secretary to
Attorneys General Walter Guion and R. G.
Pleasant, and later became assistant to At
torney General Pleasant, during which time
he appeared in the most important civil
and criminal cases that ever came before
our courts, notably the Carondelet Canal
Case, the Tilton Will Case, the Tensas
Levee Board Case, involving hundreds of
thousands of dollars, and appeared several
times before the U. S. Supreme Court in
the Carondelet Canal case, and several
others. He was also Assistant Secretary to
Governor Pleasant in 1916. He is an Elk
and member of the Southern Yacht Club.

ETHELRED MACAULEY STAFFORD
Born in New Or
leans, La., July
13, 1875, educat
ed in the public
schools and at
tended Tulane
law school; was
appointed Notary
Public in 1899,
and chosen fire
I commissioner in
1909. Elected to
State Senate in
1908, and re
elected to the
Senate in 1912
and 1914 and
elected by the
Senate as their
president pro tem. He is a member of
the Chess, Checkers and Whist Club, Choc
taw Club and the Press Club of New Or
leans. He is a member of the Woodmen
of the World, Dictator of the Loyal Order
of Moose, New Orleans Lodge No. 477,
Jefferson Lodge A. F. & M., Jerusalem
Temple Mystic Order of Shriners and Con
sistory. Director of Title and Mortgage
Guarantee Company, and of the Crescent
Building and Homestead Association.
Married Miss Eugenia A. Tebault of New
Orleans, November 15, 1900.
HERBERT SCHWARTZ WEIL
Was born in New
Orleans, La., on
October 9, 1896.
He is the son of
M. G. Weil and
Fannie Schwartz.
He resides at 2
Dunleith Court,
in New Orleans,
and has offices
at 902 Maison
Blanche Building
in that city. He
obtained his fin
ished education
at the Tulane
University, o b -
taining the de
gree of Bachelor
of Arts in 1916 and Bachelor of Laws in
1918. He was admitted to practice at the
bar of Louisiana on June 8, 1918. He con
ducts a general civil practice for himself
and is also associated with the well-known
law firm of Lazarus, Michel & Lazarus.
Mr. Weil is known as one of the prominent
young lawyers at the bar of New Orleans.
He is a Mason, member of the Grand Con
sistory of Louisiana, Shriner, an Elk, a
member of the Harmony Club of New Or
leans, and former vice president of the
Young Men's Business Club of New Or
leans, of which he is still an active member^

BIOGRAPHICAL

49

ELDON SPENCER LAZARUS
Is the son of the
Judge Henry L.
Lazarus, himself
a distinguished
member of the
bar, and of Sal
lie Solomon, and
was born in New
Orleans on Janu
ary 27, 1883. He
received his early
education in the
New Orleans pub
lic schools, grad
uating from the
Boys' High School
in 1898. He is a
graduate of Tu
lane University
(A.B. and LL.B.), and of Harvard Univer
sity (A.B.). He was the valedictorian of
the law class of 1906, Tulane University.
Upon his admission to the bar, Mr. Laz
arus became associated with his father
and the late Herman Michel under the
firm name of Lazarus, Michel & Lazarus.
Upon the death of Judge Lazarus and of
Mr. Michael several years ago, Mr. Laza
rus continued the same firm name, which
had become well established in legal cir
cles in this State.
In June, 1907, Mr. Lazarus was mar
ried to Miss Hilda Grabenheimer, and the
union was blessed with two children, Vir
ginia Gleaves, and Eldon Spencer, Jr.
Mr. Lazarus is a member of the Louisi
ana Bar Association, American Bar As
sociation, Louisiana Historical Society, and
other clubs and societies. He has also
been active in the affairs of the Indepen
dent Order B'Nai B'rith and B. P. O. Elks.
He has taken an active interest in educa
tional and philanthrophic aff'airs, and for
several years has served as a member of
the Board of Managers of Touro Infirm
ary and Hebrew Benevolent Association.

HOWELL CARTER, JR.,
Was born 38 years ago in East Feliciana
parish, Louisiana. His father was Howell
Carter and his mother Dora L. Johnston.
His present residence is 60 Neron place.
New Orleans, and he has offices at 700
Canal-Commercial Building, being associat
ed with E. M. Stafford and H. W. Robin
son. Mr. Carter obtained his education at
Centenary College, Louisiana State Uni
versity and Tulane University, graduating
from Tulane in 1906, and was admitted to
the bar May 17, 1906. He was commis
sioned a Notary Public November 13, 1920.
Although but a young man, Mr. Carter is
a leading spirit in social and civic affairs.
He is a member of the Stratford, Southern
Yacht, Chess, Checkers and Whist, and
other clubs, besides numerous other organ
izations.

HERBERT W. WAGUESPACK Is a native of
New Orleans,
Louisiana, born
September 15,
1893, the son of
William J. Wa-
guespack and
Felicie M. Poche,
daughter of F.
P. Poche, former
Associate Justice
of State Supreme
Court. He was
married Decem
ber 20, 1916, to
Margarita Abaunza and has
three children.
He resides at 472
Walnut Street,
with offices at 1406 Whitney-Central Build
ing, New Orleans. His finished education
was gained at the Jesuits' College and Tu
lane University and he was admitted to the
bar September 15, 1914. Mr. Waguespack
specializes in the practice of admiralty
and Federal law, and is recognized as an
authority in these branches of the profes
sion. He is active in civic and social mat
ters of this city and is a member of the
Pickwick and Audubon Golf Clubs, is an
Elk and Knight of Columbus and belongs
to several college fraternities.

WILLIAM JOHN WAGUESPACK, JR.,
Is one of the
leaders among
the younger
members of the
Louisiana bar. He
was born in New
Orleans, July 7,
1898, the son of
William John
Waguespack, Sr.,
and Felicie Marie
Poche, the daugh-
ter of F. P.
Poche, former
Associate Justice
of the Supreme
Court of Louisi
ana. He now re
sides at 1717
Peters Avenue and is a member of the
firm of W. J. and H. W. Waguespack, with
offices at 1406 Whitney-Central Building,
New Orleans. Mr. Waguespack received
his education at the Holy Name Parochical
School and the Jesuits' College and Loyola
University, taking degrees of A.B. (1917),
LL.B. (1920) and LL.M. (1921) from the
last named institution. He was admitted
to the bar on June 12, 1920. He is a
Roman Catholic and is prominent in civic
and social clubs, being a member of the
Southern Yacht Club, and active in the
American Legion.

50

BIOGRAPHICAL

WILLIAM J. WAGUESPACK, SR.,
One of the lead-
ing lawyers
among the older
members of the
bar of Louisiana,
was born in St.
James Parish,
Louisiana, June
24, 1862, during
the turmoil of the
Civil War be
tween the States.
He is the son of
Felisien Wagues
pack and Rosella
Gauchaux. H e
was married Jan
uary 9, 1889 to
Felicie M. Poche,
daughter of Felix P. Poche, then Asso
ciate Justice of the Supreme Court of
Louisiana, from which union eight chil
dren were born, six of whom are nov/ liv
ing. He received his eductaion at Jeffer
son College, St. James Parish, and at
Georgetown University, Washington, D.
C, from which institution he received the
degree of A.B. on June 22, 1882. He
studied law in the office of the late Chief
Justice of the United State Supreme Court,
Edward Douglas White, and also at the Uni
versity of Louisiana (Tulane) and was ad
mitted to the bar May 10, 1884. He is a
member of the Pickwich Club, Knights of
Columbus and many other civic and social
organizations.

LOUIS HANO YARRUT
Is a member of the well-known law firm
of Weiss, Yarrut & Stich, of New Or
leans, was born 27 years ago in Nev/ Or
leans, and is now residing at 2029 Robert
street, with his offices in suite 806-810
Maison Blanche Building. Mr. Yarrut ob
tained his early education in the public
schools of New Orleans and afterwards
attended the Tulane University, from
which institution he was graduated. He
studied law in the office of George Mont
gomery of New Orleans and was admitted
to the bar in June, 1916. He conducts a
general practice of law and has gained
much prominence in the profession. He is
a member of the Masons, and a Shriner,
also a member of the Elks. He is active
in civic and social matters in his home
city, having been secretary of the General
Draft Board for the City of New Orleans
during the world war.

J. ZACH SPEARING Is among the
leading figures of
the New Orleans
bar. He was born
in Alto, Cherokee
county, Tex., and
is the son of John
F. Spearing and
Margaretta J.
Sanders. He is 58
years of age. His
home is at 1419
Amelia St., New
Orleans, and he
has offices at 205
Masonic Temple.
His early educa
tion was obtained
in the public
schools of New
Orleans and his
legal education at the Tulane University.
He also studied law with his brother, Jo
seph H. Spearing. He was admitted to the
bar in 1886. He conducts a general civil
law practice. He is a Mason, and belongs
to the Shrine and is a Knight Templar.
He is also a member of the Order of Dru
ids, Knights of Pythias, and Elks, and be
longs to the Chess, Checkers and Whist,
Southern Yacht and Choctaw Clubs and
Episcopal Church club.
SOL. WEISS,
Senior member of
the prominentlaw
firm of Weiss,
Yarrut & Stich,
was born in Union
parish, Louisiana,
April 17, 1885.
He is the son of
Theodore Weiss
and Lena Silver-
stein Weiss. His
early education
was obtained in
the public schools
and Boys' High
School of New
Orleans, and he
graduated from
Tulane Universi
ty, A.B., and University of Virginia, LL.B.
He studied law also in the offices of Saun
ders & Gurley and Ernest Florance of
New Orleans, and was admitted to the bar
in both Virginia and Louisiana in 1907.
Mr. Weiss is a general practitioner and
is also a Notary Public. He takes active
interest in social and civic matters. He is
a member of all Masonic bodies, the South-
en Yacht Club, Chess, Checkers and Whist
Club, Elks, New Orleans Association of
Commerce and a number of other clubs
and civic organizations; also of the Ameri
can Bar Association, the Louisiana Bar
Association, and the Commercial Law
League of America.

BIOGRAPHICAL

51

FRANK JOSEPH STICH,
One of the prom-
inent younger
members of the
New Orleans bar,
was born twenty-
two years ago on
January 19, 1900,
in that city. Mr.
Stich resides at
1103 N. Carroll
ton avenue, and
has offices at
806-810 Maison
Blanche Building,
New Orleans, be
ing a member of
the firm of Weiss,
Yarrut & Stich,
composed of Sol
Weiss, Louis H. Yarrut and Frank J. Stich.
He was educated in the New Orleans public
schools. High School, Soule's College and
Loyola University, graduating from Loy
ola with LL.B degree on June 9, 1922, and
being admitted to the bar June 12, 1922.
Mr. Stich does not specialize in any par
ticular branch, but does an extended gen
eral practice.

ANDREW M. BUCHMANN
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans,
July 12, 1871,
and is the son of
Joseph, Buchmann
and Louisa Wor-
1 e y Buchmann.
His residence ad
dress is 3409 Ca
nal street. New
Orleans, and has
offices at 519-21
Canal - Commer
cial Bldg. Mr.
Buchmann re
ceived his educa
tion at the public
schools of New
Orleans and Tulane University, receiving
his degree of Bachelor of Laws at the lat
ter May 7, 1899, but was admitted to the
bar November 9, 1898. Served as As
sistant City Attorney from 1908 to 1920.
He married Miss Amelie V. de Hart June
11, 1902, and has two children, Carl G. and
Amelie E. Mr. Buchmann is a member
of the Chess, Checkers and Whist Club,
Choctaw Club, Louisiana Bar Association
and other organizations. He specializes
in the practice of general civil law and is
one of the prominent members of the Lou
isiana bar.

MARK MAYS BOATNER Was born in Vi-
dalia, Louisiana,
Jan. 5, 1872. He
was educated at
Virginia Military
Institute and Tu
lane University.
Admitted to the
bar in 1896. Mr.
Boatner served in
the Spanish-
American War as
Major Second U.
S. Volunteer In
fantry. He was
a member of the
Constitutional
Convention i n
1913 and also a
member of the State Senate from Sixth
District, New Orleans, for 1916 and 1918.
He is a Lecturer on Constitutional Law at
Loyola University.

ROGER MEUNIER
Is a native of New Orleans, Louisiana, born
in that city 38 years ago. His education
was gained at the public schools of New
Orleans, and Tulane University. Mr.
Meunier studied law with Jerome Meunier,
his grandfather, and gained his degree of
LL.B. at the University of Tulane. Was
admitted to the bar on May 15, 1905. He
does not specialize in any particular branch
of law, but enjoys a large general prac
tice.

CHARLES A. BYRNE
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans
50 years ago, and
is the son of
Charles Byrne
and Mary Coyle.
His residence ad
dress is 3732 Ca
nal street, and he
has offices at 519
and 521 Canal-
Commercial Bank
Building. Mr.
Byrne obtained
his education at
the College of the
Immaculate Con
ception, and was
admitted to the bar in 1906. He married
Miss Marcella O'Connor and has four chil
dren. He is a member of the Young Men's
Gymnastic Club, Lake Shore Club, Elks,
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club and the
Choctaw Club. Mr. Byrne specializes in
criminal law and is professor of criminal
procedure at Loyola University.

52

BIOGRAPHICAL

FRANK ADAIR MONROE, One of the ex-
Chief Justices of
the Supreme
Court of Louisi
ana, retired in
January, 1922,
was born in An
napolis, Md., Au
gust 30, 1844.
He is the son of
Victor Monroe
and Mary Town-
send Polk. He
was married Jan.
3, 1878, to Alice
Blanc and has
nine children liv
ing. He resides
atpresent at 1331
Philip street. New Orleans, and is associat
ed as counsel with Monroe & Lemann, at
torneys, with offices in the Carondelet
Building. He received his early education
in private schools and afterwards at the
Kentucky Military Institute. He studied
law with Henry J. Levy and was admitted
to the bar in 1867. Judge Monroe is recog
nized as one of the strongest members of
the Louisiana bar. He is also prominent
in civic and social circles, being a member
of the Chess, Checkers and Whist Club and
the Choctaw Club.

NICHOLAS CALLAN
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans
thirty-two years
ago and resides
at 1533 Felicity
street, in that
city. He is the
son of John Cal
lan, M. D., and
Elizabeth C.
Johnson. Mr.
Callan is affili
ated with the
firm o f Hall,
Monroe and Le
man, with offices
at 1114 Caron
delet Building.
He is considered as being among the most
active younger members of the bar and has
been active in all social and civic affairs
of New Orleans. Is a member of the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club, Audubon
Golf Club, Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity,
Young Men's Gymnastic Club, Elks, Lou
isiana Bar Association and Tulane Alumni
Association.

J. BLANC MONROE Is recognized as
one of the suc
cessful members
of the New Or
leans bar. He was
born in New Or
leans and is 42
years of age. He
is the son of
Frank Monroe
and Alice Blanc
Monroe. His home
is at 1424 Louisi
ana avenue, and
he has offices at
1114 Carondelet
Bldg., New Or
leans. He re
ceived his educa
tion at Tulane University (A.B., 1899;
B.L., 1901). He studied law in Tulane Uni
versity Law School and University of Mich
igan. He was admitted to practice at the
bar in 1901. He is senior member of the
well-known law firm of Monroe & Leniann,
and conducts a general practice, specializ
ing in corporation law. He is a, member
of the Boston, Country, Southern Yacht
Clubs, the Nine o'Clocks, Racquet Club of
Washington, D. C, and is an Elk. He is
general counsel and director of Alabama
and Vicksburg Railway Co., Vicksburg,
Shreveport & Pacific Railway Co., R. R.
Lands Co., New Orleans Terminal CJo. He
is also general solicitor New Orleans and
Northeastern R. R. Co., division counsel
Southern Railway, and counsel for Whit
ney-Central National Bank, Whitney-Cen
tral Trust and Savings Bank, New Orleans
Cotton Exchange, New Orleans Stock Ex
change, etc. He is director and secretary
of the Orphan Boys' Home on Carrollton
avenue; member Advisory Board Y. W. C.
A. and trustee Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat
Hospital.

MANNING WRIGHT HEARD
One of the active younger members of the
New Orleans bar, was born August 31,
1896, at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He is
the son of William Wright Heard and Isa
belle Manning. His present home is at
1205 State street. New Orleans, and he
has offices at 1114 Carondelet Building,
being associated in practice with Monroe
& Lemann, well-known attorneys in New
Orleans. He was educated at the Tulane
University, receiving the degree of LL.B.
from that institution. He was admitted
to the bar of Louisiana in June, 1920. Mr.
Heard has gained high recognition in his
profession and is also active in civic and
social matters. He is a member of the
Southern Yacht Club and the American
Legion. He also belongs to the Delta Kap
pa Epsilon Fraternity.

BIOGRAPHICAL

53

JAMES KLEBER GAUDET
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in Welcome, St.
James parish, 42
years ago, and is
the son of Jerome
L. Gaudet and
Evelina Cagno-
latti. His home
address is Mar-
rero, Louisiana,
but has offices at
the Jefferson
Trust and Sav
ings Bank, Gret
na, La. Mr. Gau
det received his
education at pri
vate schools in
St. James parish, Jefferson College, St.
James; Louisiana State University, Baton
Rouge, and Loyola University, New Or
leans. He studied law with Messrs. W. J.
Waguespack, I. D. Moore, St. Clair Ad
ams, Wm. H. Byrnes, Jr., Walter Gleason,
Irvin Saal, H. Mooney, T. Roehl, A. Brian,
B. W. Kernan, G. A. Llambias, W. K. Dart,
Judge John St. Paul and Judge Joseph A.
Breaux, and was admitted to the bar in
1917. He married Miss Edna Joseph and
has one child. Mr. Gaudet is a member of
the Choctaw Club and is associated with
Ernest M. Conzelmann and specializes in
tax law.

GUSTAVE A. LLAMBIAS
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans
41 years ago and
is the son of Al-
phonse M. Llam
bias and Zelia
Marie Pirolle. He
received his edu-
lation at St.Aloy-
sius College, Col
lege of the Im
maculate Concep
tion and Tulane
University. H e
studied law in the
office of Charles
J. Theard, and
was admitted to
practice at the bar of Louisiana in June,
1904. He conducts a large business and
specializes in succession and probate law.
Mr. Llambias is known as one of the ac
curate and careful lawyers and has gained
wide prominence in professional circles for
his skill. He is also known widely in civic
and social circles, being a member of the
Young Men's Gymnastic Club, Chess,
Checkers and Whist Club, is an Elk and a
member of the Knights of Columbus.

ERNEST MARTIN CONZELMANN Was born in New
Orleans 33 years
ago, and is the
son of John Con-
z e 1 m a n n and
Catherine Thein
Conzelmann. His
home address is
Marrero, Louisi
ana, but he has
offices in the Jef
ferson Trust and
Savings Bank
Building, Gretna,
Louisiana. Mr.
Conzelmann re
ceived his educa
tion in the public
schools of New
Orleans and Loyola Law School. Having
taken the bar examination, he was admit
ted to the bar June 5, 1916. He married
Miss Inez Gilly Conzelmann June 28, 1916,
and has two children, both girls. Mr. Con
zelmann studied law with Louis H. Mar
rero, Jr. (deceased in December, 1916),
and has been conducting a general prac
tice. He is senior member of the firm of
Conzelmann & Gaudet, composed of Er
nest M. Conzelmann and James Kleber
Gaudet.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER PORTEOUS, JR.,
Is one of the
prominent young
er members of
the New Orleans
bar. He is the
son of William
A. Porteous, Sr.,
and Hettie Koy
Porteous. He is
a native of Lou
isiana, born in
New Orleans
June 23, 1899.
He resides at
7921 Nelson St.,
and has offices
at 1327-1328 Hi-
bernia Bank
Building. He ob
tained his education at Chenet Institute,
Warren Easton Boys' High School, New
Orleans, and at University of Wisconsin
and Tulane University. He studied law
at University of Wisconsin and Tulane
University and in the office of his father.
He was admitted to the bar of Louisiana
on June 7, 1922. He intends to specialize
in admiralty law, and recently took a trip
to Europe vnth this end in view. He is a
member of the Young Men's Business Club,
Southern Yacht Club, American Legion
and the Phi Delta Phi and Alpha Tau Ome
ga fraternities.

54

BIOGRAPHICAL

WILLIAM E. HOWELL Was born in El
dorado county,
California, Nov
ember 30, 1858,
and is the son of
John M. Howell
and Laura Boat
ner. His present
home is in Thi-
bodaux, Louisi
ana. He is mar
ried and has
three sons. He
was educated at
the Amelia Acad-
e m y , Virginia,
and under private
tutors. He stud
ied law with Ed
ward N. Pugh and also at the University
of Louisiana and was admitted to the bar
on April 17, 1877. Mr. Howell is one of
the leading figures of the profession in
Louisiana and is senior member of the
well-known flrm of Howell, Wortham &
Howell. Mr. Howell has his office in Thi-
bodaux, with branch offices in New Or
leans, Napoleonville, Donaldsonville and
Convent. He is prominent in civic circles
and a member of the Chess, Checkers and
Whist club of New Orleans.

CHARLES T. WORTHAM Was born in Car
oline county, Vir
ginia, 50 years
ago. He is the
son of Robert
T. Wortham
and Mary Pea-
tross. He has his
home and office
in Donaldsonville,
Louisiana. He ob- ;
tained his educa- '
tion at the Ran
dolph-Macon Col-
lege, Virginia,
and studied law
v/ith Sprague
Correspondence School of Law of
Detroit, Mich.,
and at the summer school of the University
of Virginia. He was admitted to the bar of
Louisiana in 1900. Mr. Wortham is a mem
ber of the well-known law firm of Howell,
Wortham & Howell, with offices in Thibo-
daux, Donaldsonville and New Orleans. He
conducts a general law practice and does
not specialize. He belongs to the Masonic
lodge and is a Knight Templar. He is also
a member of the Elks.

ROWLAND B. HOWELL
Is a Louisianian
and was born at
Napoleonville,
January 2, 1892.
He is the son of
William E. How
ell and Florence
Perkins. His
present residence
is at 1657 Val-
mont street, New
Orleans and he
has offices at
918-20 Whitney-
Central Bank
Building. His ed-
u c a t i o n was
gained at the
Louisiana State
University (B.A.
1912, B.L. 1915). He was admitted to the
bar of Louisiana on June 11, 1915, and
he is a member of the well-known law
firm of Hov/ell, Wortham & Howell, with
offices in New Orleans, Thibodaux, Na
poleonville and Donaldsonville. This firm
conducts a general law practice. Mr. How
ell is an active figure in civic and social
clubs, being a member of the Boston, Strat
ford, Country and Southern Yacht clubs
of New Orleans.

JOHN R. PEREZ,
A member of the
Louisiana Legis
lature, 19 20-1 9 24,
and serving on
many important
committees, was
born 32 years ago
in St. Bernard
parish, Louisiana.
He is the son of
Raphael V. Perez
and Louise John
ston Perez. On
Oct. 8, 1912, he
was married to
Katie Lee Myatt
and he has three
children. He ob
tained his early
education in the public schools and finished
at the Louisiana State University. He
studied law in the law school of that insti
tution and in the office of Oliver S. Livau-
dais. He was admitted to the bar Oct. 3,
1909. He specializes in corporation law
and particularly office counsellor. He was
a member of the Special Tax Commission
in 1920; a delegate to the National Tax
Association in 1922. Is a member of nu
merous civic and social clubs, an Elk and
a Knight of Columbus. Is National Presi
dent of his fraternity, Pi Kappa Alpha,
a national academic college fraternity.

BIOGRAPHICAL

55

GEORGE P. NOSAKA,
One of the lead
ers among the
younger, members
of the New Or
leans bar, was
born in New Or
leans 22 years
ago, and is the
son of Stephen
Nosaka and Ma
ria Drendul. He
is married and
has his home at
811 Dauphine
street and offices
at 502 Marine
Bank Bldg. He
obtained his edu
cation at St. Al
oysius College and Loyola University, re
ceiving the degrees of A.B., B.O., LL.B.
and LL.M. He was admitted to practice
at the bar of Louisiana on Oct. 31, 1921.
He makes a specialty of conducting cases
in criminal and tort law. He is associated
in practice with William H. Byrnes, Jr.
Although one of the young members of
the bar, Mr. Nosaka has already gained
recognition as a skillful and careful lawyer
and has appeared in many important cases.

HARRY McENERNY, JR.,
Is one of the
leading lawyers
among the young
er members of
the New Orleans
bar. He is the
son of Harry Mc-
Enerny and Julia
(Ferguson) Mc-
Enerny and was
born in New Or
leans 25 years
ago. He resides
at 2438 Nashville
avenue and has
offices at 502
Marine Bank
Building. His ed
ucation was ob
tained in the Catholic parochial schools of
New Orleans and the Jesuits' High School.
He took the college and law courses at
Loyola University and was admitted to the
bar in June, 1921. He conducts a general
practice of law, but specializes in federal
and state taxation law. He is affiliated
with William H. Bjrrnes, Jr., in business.
Mr. McEnerny is a Roman Catholic and be
longs to various Catholic organizations,
and is a member of the Southern Yacht
Club, the American Legion, Young Men's
Business Club and is a Knight of Colum
bus.

WILLIAMS H. BYRNES, JR.,
Was born in New
Orleans, April
24, 1881, and is
the son of Col.
William H.
Byrnes and Ellen
M. Conery. His
home address is
at 1926 Prytan-
ia street. New
Orleans, and he
has offices at
501 Marine Bank
Building. Mr.
Byrnes obtained
his education at
Georgetown Uni
versity, Washing
ton, D. C, and
Tulane University, New Orleans, being ad
mitted to the Bar in June, 1904. The
studied law with Howe, Spencer ' and
Cocke. Mr. Byrnes married Miss Grace
B. Woodburn of Nevada (deceased), and
has one child, Bently G. Byrnes. He is
a member of the Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club, Elks, and Knights of Colum
bus. Mr. Byrnes does not specialize in
any particular branch of law, but is recog
nized as being one of the leading lawyers
of New Orleans.

THEODORE H. McGIEHAN
Is a native of
New York, born
38 years ago. He
is the son of Cor
nelius Devan Mc
Giehan and Fran
ces Emily Crain.
He resides at
2639 Canal St.,
New Orleans, La.,
and has offices at
531 Hibernia
Building in that
city. He received
his education at
Loyola Universi
ty, and was ad
mitted to the bar
of Louisiana in
June, 1919. Mr. McGiehan specializes in
the practice of civil and criminal law and
has gained the reputation of being one
of the leaders among the young members
of the bar of New Orleans. He is also ac
tive in civic and social affairs of his com
munity and is a member of the Legislature
from the Fourth Ward, Chess, Checkers
and Whist Club of New Orleans, and is an
Elk, being a member of Lodge No. 30 of
that order, and a Mason.

56

BIOGRAPHICAL

GEORGE SETH GUION,
First Assistant
Attorney General
of Louisiana, was
born August 22,
1879, in Assump
tion parish, Lou
isiana. He is the
son of Walter
Guion and Sue
Webb. He was
married Oct. 12,
1904, to Camilla
Stott and has five
children. He is
a resident of Na
poleonville, Lou
isiana, and main
tains a home in
New Orleans. His
present office is in the New Court House
Building, New Orleans. He was educated
at Ferreil's chool. New Orleans; McCabe's
School, Richmond, Va. ; Washington and
Lee University and Tulane University,
graduating from the law school of the lat
ter institution in 1902, and was admitted
to the bar the same year. He practices
and devotes himself to civil law and is
senior member of the firm of Guion & Tal
bot of Napoleonville, Louisiana. He is a
member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity
and other fraternal organizations. He is
a member of the Louisiana Bar Associa
tion.

PAUL A. SOMPAYRAC,
Assistant to At
torney General of
Louisiana, was
born in Natchi
toches, La., and ie
the son of Paul
A. Sompayrac and
Marie Antoinette
Lemee, both de
ceased. He re
sides in New Or
leans, and his of
fice is at 403
New Court House
Building in that
city. He received
his early educa
tion in the public
schools of Natchi
toches, Louisiana, and studied law with
Fournet & Pujo of Lake Charles and
Louque & McGloin of New Orleans. He
entered Tulane University, from which in
stitution he graduated. He was admitted
to the bar in 1893. Before taking office
as Assistant Attorney General he conducted
a general practice of law and did not spe
cialize in any one branch of the profession.
He is a member of the American Bar As
sociation, Supreme Court of United States,
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club of New
Orleans.

THOMAS SEMMES WALMSLEY Was born in New
Orleans, Louisi
ana, June 10,
1889. He is the
son of S. P.
Walmsley and
Myra E. Semmes.
He was married
on April 15, 1914,
to Julia C. Hav-
ard, and has one
daughter. He re
sides at 400 Low-
erline street. New
Orleans, and has
offices in the New
CourtHouse Building, being
an Assistant At
torney General of Louisiana. Mr. Walms
ley attended the public schools and Fer-
rall's Military Institute of New Orleans and
received his later education at Spring Hill
College and Tulane University. He studied
law in the offices of Sanders, Dufour &
Dufour, and was admitted to the bar June
3, 1912. He is well known in civic and
social circles and is a member of the Elks
and the American Legion.
LOUIS R. HOOVER
Was born in Pike county, Miss., Feburary
6, 1863, and is the son of Judge Christian
Hoover and Susannah Holbrook Hoover.
He resides at 8019 Jeannette street. New
Orleans, and has offices at 420 Whitney
Bank Building, New Orleans. Mr. Hoover
received his education in the public schools
and Tulane University, graduating in the
law class of 1899, and being admitted to
the bar December 5, 1899. Mr. Hoover
married Miss Jeanne M. Smith on Nevem-
ber 17, 1906. He has been quite active
in all civic affairs of New Orleans and is
a member of the Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club, is a Mason and a Shriner, and
is a member of a number of hunting clubs.
Mr. Hoover does not specialize in any par
ticular branch of the law, but enjoys quite
an extensive general practice and is in
business for himself.
GEORGE JANVIER
Senior member of the firm of Janvier &
Heller, 1228 Hibernia Bank Building,
is a native of New Orleans, born 35
years ago. His father was Charles Jan
vier and Josephine Celeste Bush was his
mother. He married Jessie W. Tebo and
has three children. He is a graduate of
the Tulane University, and read law with
the firm of Dufour & Dufour. He was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana May 25,
1908. He is recognized as one of the
leading corporation lawyers of Louisiana,
and is especially sought for conducting the
defense in damage suits. Mr. Janvier is
active in many civic affairs and is promi
nent socially, being a member of the Bos
ton Club. He takes active part in local
affairs and is known as a responsible and
successful citizen.

BIOGRAPHICAL

57

BURT W. HENRY Is the senior
member of the
firm of Henry,
Cooper & Wes-
terfield, with of
fices at 900 Ca
nal - Commercial
Building. He is
a native of Louis
iana, born in New
Orleans February
5, 1878. His fa
ther was William
Henry and his
mother Sarah
McDonough Hen
ry. His present
residence is at
1520 Soniat St.
Mr. Henry attended the Leche School of
New Orleans, and took academic course at
Tulane University, and gained his law edu
cation at the law department of the Tulane
University and the University of Michigan
Law School. He also studied law with
Frank N. Butler, deceased, of New Or
leans. He confines his practice to civil
law and appears in all the state and federal
courts. He is a member of the Boston,
Louisiana and Young Men's Gymnastic
Clubs.

ASAHEL W. COOPER,
A member of the
law firm of
Henry, Cooper
& Westerfield,
with offices at
900 Canal-Com
mercial Bank
Building. He is a
native of Lou
isiana having
been born in
New Orleans 47
years ago, the
son of Asahel W.
Cooper and Eliza
(Loney) Cooper.
He married Miss
Doceleha Trolle
from which union
there are two children. His early educa
tion was received at the Jesuits' College
in New Orleans, Louisiana, after which
he attended Phillips Andover in Massa
chussetts, and Yale, obtaining his degree of
A.B. in 1897 from the last named institu
tion. He also studied lay at Tulane Uni
versity and in the office of A. G. Brice.
He was admitted to the bar in 1898 and
conducts a civil practice. He is a mem
ber of the Boston and Round Table Clubs.

WILLIAM W. WESTERFIELD Is a native of
New Orleans,
born 46 years
ago, the son of
John W. Wester
field and Mary
Norcross Wester
field. His pres
ent residence is
722 Lowerline St.
and has offices at
900 Canal-Com
mercial Building,
being a member
of the firm of
Henry, Cooper &
Westerfield. He
married Ruth
Millikan and has
two children. Mr. Westerfield received his
education at Leche's Graded School of New
Orleans, Tulane University and the Tulane
University Law School and was admitted
to the bar in 1899. He conducts a general
civil practice in law. He is a member of
the Boston, Chess, Checkers and Whist and
Country Clubs of New Orleans.

JOHN E. FLEURY,
Who served as
judge of the 28th
Judicial District
of Louisiana,
comprising the
parishes of Jef-
ferson, St.
Charles and St.
John the Baptist,
from 1914 to
1920, was born
at Gretna, Jef-
ferson parish,
Louisiana, thirty-
seven years ago.
He is the son of
Frank J. Fleury
and Bridget Ha
ley. He married
the former Miss Lillian Langridge and has
one child, Dorothy Fleury, who is a pupil
at the Sacred Heart Academy, New Or
leans. His home is 603 Lafayette avenue,
Gretna, and his office is in the Jefferson
Trust & Savings Bank Building in that city.
His primary education was received in St.
Joseph's Catholic Parochial School, in Gret
na, and his college course at Jesuits' Col
lege, New Orleans, 1897-1903. He studied
law in the law school of Tulane Univer
sity, 1905-1907, from which institution he
graduated and was admitted to the bar in
1907. He conducts a general practice and
does not specialize in any one branch of
the law. He is a member of the Elks and
of the Knights of Columbus, being past
Grand Knight of Gretna Council of the lat
ter order.

58

BIOGRAPHICAL

WALTER GUION,
A leading figure
in the legal pro
fession of Louis
iana, was born in
Lafourche parish
April 3, 1849. He
is the son of
George Seth Gui
on and Caroline
Lucretia Winder.
He was educated
in private schools
and at Jefferson
College, Louisi
ana, and studied
law with e.x-Gov-
ernor Francis T.
Nicholls of Lou-
iana. He was ad
mitted to the bar April 26, 1870. He was
District Court Judge from 1888 to 1900,
when he was honored by the electors of
the state by being elected Attorney Gen
eral of Louisiana, which office he held un
til May 31, 1912. After that he resumed
his practice of law, but in 1913 was ap
pointed United States Attorney, holding
that office until March, 1917, when he
resigned and again returned to his home
in Assumption parish. In the early part
of 1918 he was appointed by Governor
Pleasant to fill the vacancy caused by the
death of United States Senator R. F.
Broussard and until an election in that
year in November. He was not a candi
date in that election and returned to New
Orleans to resume his law practice.
ALEXIS BRIAN
Was born at
Winnfield, Lou
isiana, 48 years
ago. He is the
son of Solomon
Morgan Brian
and Maria Mil
ling Brian. His
present residence
is 3607 Chestnut
street. New Or
leans, and has
offices at 617
Godchaux build
ing. He was edu
cated in the pub
lic and private
schools of Winn
field, Pineville,
Montgomery, Mt. Zion and Mt. Lebanon,
Louisiana, and graduated in the class of
1895 at the Louisiana State University.
He studied law with Sigur, Milling and
Sanders of Franklin, La., and Foster, Mil
ling, Godchaux and Sanders of New Or
leans, and Graduated at Tulane University
in law, class of 1901. He was admitted
to the bar in June 1901. He is a member
of the Elks, Suburbanites, Sons of Ameri
can Revolution and Louisiana Historical
Society.

MISS FLORENCE LOEBER. Miss Florence
Loeber was one
of the first wom
en lawyers in ac
tive practice at
the New Orleans
bar. Her work
as counsel and
advocate has
commanded the
admiration of her
professional as
sociates, and she
has been distin
guished by a keen
mind, a compre
hensive knowl
edge of her pro
fession, and also
by a decided interest and influence in the
civic and social problems of her home city.
She was born in New Orleans, daughter
of Dr. Frederick Loeber and Kathline Hum-
brecht Loeber. Miss Loeber was educated
in St. Simeon's parochial school, attended
the Sophie Newcomb College of Tulane
Dniversity, and had a two-year course in
the law department of Cornell University.
Then returning to New Orleans, she com
pleted her law course at Tulane, where she
was graduated and admitted to the bar.
Miss Loeber has her law office in the Citi
zens' Bank Building, and her time is well
taken up with a growing volume of pro
fessional business. She has also accepted
those opportunities open to the legal pro
fession for work in behalf of individuals
and the general welfare. She is an ardent
advocate of woman suffrage, and has
served as president of the Era CJlub and of
the Catholic Woman's Club. She is also
a member of the New Orleans Court House
Commission under the administration of
Mayor Andrew McShane.

WILLIAM McL. FAYSSOUX
Is a native of Louisiana, born in New Or
leans. He is 49 years of age. He is the
son of Callender I. Fayssoux and S. A.
McLellan. His present address is 1408
Peters avenue and he has offices at 205
Masonic Temple in New Orleans. He re
ceived his early education in the public
schools of New Orleans and afterwards
attended the A. and M. College of Missis
sippi and the Tulane University of New
Orleans. He studied law with Buck,
Walshe & Buck and was admitted to prac
tice at the bar of Louisiana in 1897. Mr.
Fayssoux conducts a general practice
in law and does not specialize in any one
branch of the profession. He is known
as one of the substantial members of the
bar of New Orleans and has gained an
enviable reputation in the profession.

BIOGRAPHICAL

59-

LOUIS PAUL BRYANT, JR.,
Was born in San
Diego, Texas, 36
years ago, and is
the son of Louis
P. Bryant and
May Elise Clau-
del. His present
residence address
is 1215 Exposi
tion Boulevard,
New Orleans, and
he has offices at
1002 Maison
Blanche Building,
where he is a
he is a member
of the firm ol
Boswell &
Bryant. Mr.
Bryant was educated at Bethel Military
Academy, Warenton, Va., Washington and
Lee University, where he obtained his de
gree of B.A., and Tulane University, LL.B.,
and was admitted to the bar December
11, 1911. He married Miss Catherine
Merideth Rowland, May 8, 1920, and has
one child. Mr. Bryant is Assistant U. S.
District Attorney and aside from his Fed
eral duties, he specializes in insurance law.
He is a member of the Southern Yacht
Club and Audubon Golf Club.

GORDON BOSWELL
Was born in New
Orleans, Decem
ber 30, 1883, and
is the son of
Bernard P. Bos
well and Jane
Chandler Gantt.
His residence ad
dress is 7 9 2 9
Z i m p 1 e Street,
New Orleans,
and he has offi
ces at 1000-02
Maison Blanche
Building. M r .
Boswell received
his education at
University of Vir
ginia, where he
obtained his B. L. degree in 1906. He
attended Tulane University the following
year, when he obtained his LL.B. degree,
and was admitted to the bar June 25,
1907. Mr. Boswell married Miss Laura
Lee Cooney of Atlanta, June 28, 1916,
and has three sons. He is quite active in
civic and social affairs in New Orleans, and
is a member of the Southern Yacht Club.
He does not specialize in any particular
branch of the law, but does a general
practice and is the senior member of the
firm of Boswell & Bryant.

MRS. ROYDAN DOUGLAS. The first wom
an Notary Pub
lic for the Par
ish of Orleans,
was born in Ra
pides Parish, and
has gained fame
throughout the
country as a
leader in civic
movements, par
ticularly affect
ing women of
the nation. She
is the daughter
of Henry M.
Hyams, Jr., a dis-
tinguishedLouisiana lawyer
whose ancestors have been noted jurists
and founders of churches and universities
in the New England States.
Mrs. Douglas was educated in public
and private schools and colleges of Lou
isiana. She took her law course at the
Tulane University and was admitted to the
Louisiana bar, June 7, 1920.
Mrs. Douglas has been practicing law
since that date with offices at 401 Inter
state Building. Her home address is 7004
St. Charles Ave. She is an active figure
in almost any civic movement in Louisiana.
She is a member of the Association of
Commerce, and has been secretary of
Public Playgrounds since 1911, and has
been president of the State Federation of
Clubs, and is a leader in social and relig
ious circles.

FRANK P. KRIEGER
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans
32 years ago, and
is the son of
John Krieger and
Elizabeth Keat
ing. He resides
at 1017 Sixth
street. New Or
leans, and has
offices at 312
Godchaux Build
ing. He received
his education at
Loyola Univer
sitv and was ad
mitted to the bar
on June 30, 1921.
Mr. Krieger has been quite active in civil
affairs of New Orleans and is a member
of Knights of Columbus and Hibernians.
He does not specialize in any particular
branch of the law, but does a generaL
practice.

60

BIOGRAPHICAL

JOSEPH SINAI, One of the well-
known and prom
inent members of
the New Orleans
bar, was born 46
years ago in New
Orleans, Louisi
ana, and is the
son of Julius Si
nai and Sarah
Goldman. His res
idence is at 1501
General Taylor
street, in New
Orleans, and he
has offices at 836
Union street, in
that city. He ob
tained his educa
tion in the public schools of New Orleans,
and finished at Washington and Lee Uni
versity, and then studied law at the Tu
lane University Law School. He was ad
mitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1897. He
conducts a general practice of law and does
not specialize in any one branch of the
profession. Aside from his professional
work, Mr. Sinai is active in civic and social
affairs of his city, and is a member of
several organizations, among which is the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club of New
Orleans.

FRANK THOMAS DOYLE
Is a native of
New Orleans,
Louisiana, born
in this city 25
years ago, the
son of Thomas
Doyle and Georg-
iana Borge
Doyle. His pres
ent home is at
4316 S. Roche-
blave St., and his
office is at 836
Union Street,
New Orleans. Mr.
Doyle received
received his edu
cation at Loyola
and Tulane Uni
versities, taking his law course at Loyola
University. He was admitted to the bar
June 12, 1920. He is among the younger
members of the profession of Louisiana,
but is a very active figure, being prominent
in both civic and social circles. He is a
member of the Southern Yacht Club, the
American Legion, and the Phi Kappa Sig
ma Fraternity.

JAMES C. HENRIQUES
Is a native of Louisiana, born in New Or
leans April 17, 1870. He is the son of A.
D. Henriques and Margaret E. Clark. He
married Annie L. Alleghan and has two
children. He resides at 4926 Magazine
street, and has offices at 830 Union street.
New Orleans. He received his education
in the public schools of New Orleans and
at the Tulane University, from which in
stitution he is a graduate. He also studied
law with Brauch K. Miller and was ad
mitted to the bar in May, 1893. He makes
a specialty of the practice of insurance and
corporation law. Mr. Henriques is one of
the prominent members of the New Or
leans bar and has gained high honors in
his profession. He is also active in civic
and social affairs. He is a member of the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club of New
Orleans.

ALEXANDER C. O'DONNELL,
Judge of the
Criminal District
Court, section
"B," and also As
sociate Judge of
the Criminal
Court of Appeals
of the parish of
Orleans. He is
the son of Judge
Laurence O'Don
nell and Elizabeth
Cheuville. He re
ceived his educa
tion at Tulane
University and is
also a graduate
of Tulane Law
School. Judge
O'Donnell has served on the bench about
ten years and is recognized as one of our
foremost jurists.

THOMAS V. CRAVEN.
Mr. Craven was born in New Orleans
in 1892. He received his early education
at Holy Cross and at Spring Hill Colleges,
completing his law studies at Notre Dame
and Tulane Universities, being admitted
to the bar in 1915. Mr. Craven was elected
to the state senate in 1920 and also as a
member of the Constitutional Convention
of that year. In 1920 Mr. Craven was
appointed Assistant District Attorney for
the parish of Orleans by District Attorney
Robert Marr, in which position he has made
an enviable record. He is active in a
number of organizations and is a leader
in political circles of the Third Ward. Mr.
Craven married Miss Mabel Mullen in
1917, which union has been blessed with
two beautiful children.

BIOGRAPHICAL

61

RALPH J. SCHWARZ, Junior member
of the well-known
law firm of Mer
rick & Schwarz
of New Orleans,
was born in that
city 41 years ago.
He is the son of
David Schwarz
and Mathilda
Schwarz. His
home is at 7933
St. Charles ave
nue, and he has
offices at 1107
Canal Commer
cial Bank Build
ing, New Orleans,
La. Mr. Schwarz
obtained his education at the Tulane Uni
versity (A.B.) and at Columbia University
of New York (A.M. and BB.L.). He was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1905.
He holds the chair in equity at the Tulane
Law School. His firm conducts a general
law practice, specializing in commercial
law. Mr. Schwarz is one of the leading
lawyers at the New Orleans bar and is
also active in civic and social affairs. He
is a member of the Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club and the West End Country
Club of New Orleans.

WILLIAM J. GUSTE, One of the lead
ing lawyers of
the New Orleans
bar, was born
Sept. 29, 1893,
in that city and
is the son of Ed
ward F. Guste
and Delia Mur
ray. He was mar
ried July 6, 1921,
to Marie Louise
Alciatore and has
one son. He re
sides at 2139 Pen-
iston street and
has offices at
1107 Canal-Com
mercial Building,
being affiliated with Merrick & Schwarz.
He conducts a general practice in law. He
was educated in the public schools of New
Orleans and Tulane University, taking both
academic and law courses, and was admit
ted to the bar in June, 1915. He is Grand
Knight of New Orleans Council, Knights
of Columbus, and is a member of many
civic and social organizations, among
others the Southern Yacht Club, Young
Men's Business Club, Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club, Members' Council of Associa
tion of Commerce and New Orleans Lodge
of Elks.

HERMAN LION BARNETT.
Born in 1893
and graduated
from Tulane Uni-
versify, A. B.
1914; LL. B.
1916. He is a
member of Phi
Beta Kappa and
Masonic frater
nities. He was
com missioned
second lieuten
ant, C. A. C, at
First Officers'
Training Camp,
and served in
France with First
Trench Mortar
Battalion and as
Adjutant, Headquarters Army Schools,
A. E. F. He is engaged in the generai
practice of law, associated with Merrick &
Schwarz, Canal-Commercial Building, and
is Special Lecturer in Commercial Law,
Tulane College of Commerce; former In
structor in Public Speaking, local chapter
American Institute of Banking; Director
of Continental Building and Loan Associa
tion, Wash. Davie & Co., Ltd., Max Sam
son, Inc., and Young Men's Gymnastic
Club. In 1920 he married Miss Irma Sam-

WILLIAM MASON SMITH, JR.,
Is listed among
the prominent
and aggressive
younger lawyers
of the New Or
leans bar. He was
born in New Or
leans on Decem
ber 28, 1894, and
is the son of Wil
liam Mason Smith
and Marguerite
Le Camus. His
residence is at
4534 St. Charles
avenue, in New
Orleans, and he
has offices at
1107 Canal-Com
mercial Bank Building. He is associated
in practice with the firm of Merrick &
Schwarz. He received his finished educa
tion at Princeton University (A.B. 1915)
and at the Harvard Law School (LL.B.
1920). He was admitted to the bar of
Louisiana on May 30, 1921. Mr. Smith
does not specialize in any one branch of
the profession, but conducts a general prac
tice of law. He is also active in civic and
social affairs in his community. He was
during the war a lieutenant in the 21st
Machine Gun Battalion, Seventh Division.

62

BIOGRAPHICAL

GEORGE J. UNTEREINER Was born in New
Orleans, a son of
John Untereiner,
a native of Al
sace, of German
ancestry, and a
3Tandson of Geo.
J. Untereiner. The
early education
of George J. Un
tereiner was ac-
quired in St.
Mary's Parochial
School, New Or
leans. In 1893
he matriculated
in the law de
partment of Tu
lane University,
and graduated in law with degree of LL.B.
in 1895, being admitted to the bar that
same year. He studied law with James
David Coleman, a New Orleans attoney.
Mr. Untereiner has rendered effective and
constructive public service in several capac
ities, and at present is assisting in raising
funds for the proposed Major Diocesan
Seminary to be established in the city of
his birth. In 1909 Mr. Untereiner was
united in marriage with Miss Katherine
Baas, who was born in Hazelhurst, Miss.,
a daughter of Charles and Johanna (Vitzl-
hum) Baas. He is a member of New Or
leans Lodge, Benevolent and Protective
Order of Elks, and Council 714, Knights
of Columbus. In politics he is a Demo
crat.

HARRY P. GAMBLE,
Well known in
legal, political,
civic and social
circles of Louisi
ana, was born
Oct. 15, 1876. He
is the son of E. J.
Gamble and An
nie Harrison. In
1899 he married
Edna Brian and
he has five chil
dren. His home
address is 1309
Felicity street,
and he has of
fices at 1020 Ca
rondelet Bldg. He
attended the pub
lic schools and graduated from the Louisi
ana State University in 1896. He was ad
mitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1904. Mr.
Gamble is in general civil practice. He is
an active figure in politics and civic mat
ters of the state and a member of a num
ber of fraternal organizations and New
Orleans clubs.

JOHN DARLING NIX,
Judge of the Ju
venile Court of
Orleans parish, is
a native of South
Carolina, born in
Hampton county,
in that state, 51
years ago. He is
the son of John
Darling Nix and
Martha A. Trow-
ell. He married
EmmaBohnetltt-
mann, and has
three children —
two daughters,
Esther, the vnfe
of Walter M. Duf-
fourc; Naomi, the
wife of Dr. Kirby A. Roy; and one son,
James V. McC. Nix. His home is at 3110
North Rampart street, and his office at the
Juvenile Court in New Orleans. He was
educated at the South Carolina Military
College (The Citadel), and studied law
with Nix, Pratt & Norlin. He was admit
ted to the bar in Colorado in 1892 and in
Louisiana in 1899. When in practice Judge
Nix specializes in civil law. He is a close
student in his profession and has gained
distinction as a jurist on the bench. He is
a home-loving man and does not belong
to any clubs, though a member of several
fraternities.

ALEX W. SWORDS
Was born in Ope-
lousas, Louisiana,
September 24th,
1897, and is the
son of Marion L.
Swords and Aola
V. Ward. His
residence address
is 3015 Ursuline
Avenue, New Or
leans, and he has
offices at 828-30
Maison Blanche
Building. M r .
Swords received
his education at
Southwest-
ern Louisiana In
stitute and Loy
ola University, New Orleans, and obtained
his degree of LL.B. at the latter, being ad
mitted to the bar June 17, 1919. He is
one of the prominent younger lawyers of
the bar and has been quite active in fra
ternal circles, being a member of the Elks,
Masons, American Legion, American Busi
ness Club and Young Men's Gymnastic
Club. Mr. Swords does not specialize in
any particular branch of the law, but en
joys quite a wide general practice and is
in business for himself.

BIOGRAPHICAL

63

JOHN P. SULLIVAN Was born in the
City of New Or
leans in 1875. He
was educated in
Jesuits' College
and Tulane Uni
versity, graduat
ing from the for
mer in 1892, with
a degree of Bach
elor of Sciences.
After a course in
the academic de
partment of Tu
lane University,
he entered the
law department,
graduating i n
1898.
Mr. Sullivan saw immediate service in
the Spanish-American war as Captain of
Battery "A," Louisiana Light Artillery, U.
S. V. He became Colonel of the artillery
organization in 1899, holding this post until
he resigned in 1904.
Fraternally, Colonel Sullivan is national
ly prominent as an Elk, having been honor
ed both locally and nationally with the
highest positions in that order. In 1912 he
was elected Grand Exalted Ruler of the Be
nevolent and Protective Order of Elks of
America. Locally he became Exalted Ruler
of the New Orleans Lodge of Elks in 1905,
serving until 1907. In 1916 he again was
called to preside over the New Orleans
Lodge as Exalted Ruler, which position he
still holds. During his regime the million-
dollar home of the New Orleans lodge was
erected. Politically, Colonel Sullivan has been
active in recent years in leading Demo
cratic forces to victory in State and city
campaigns, in all of which he has won high
rank as an organizer. He organized the
Orleans Democratic Association in the
1919-1920 gubernatorial campaign, which
resulted in the election of John M. Parker
as Governor and ended in the overthrow of
old New Orleans political machine, which
had been in continuous control of local of
fices for 16 years. Resigning the Presi
dency of the Orleans Democratic Associa
tion in 1922, he later organized the New
Regular Democratic Organization, again
defeating the Old Machine decisively in
September, 1922.
Mr. Sullivan is engaged in the practice
of law, with offices at 642 Commercial
Place. He was a member of the Constitu
tional Convention of 1921, as a delegate
from the first congressional district. He
played a prominent and conspicuous part
in the framing of the new State Constitu
tion, serving as Chairman of the Committee
on Style and Final Revision.

J. MARSHALL QUINTERO
A member of the well-known law firm
of Quintero & Quintero of New Orleans
until recently, was born in this city 51
years ago, and is the son of Joseph A.
Quintero and Eliza F. Bournes. He re
sides at 2310 Dublin street, and has offices
at 814 Canal-Commercial Bank Building.
He received his education at the Jesuits'
College in New Orleans, and studied law
with the old law firm of Clegg & Quin
tero. He was admitted to the bar of Lou
isiana in 1898. Since the death of Lamar
C. Quintero, senior member of the old
firm, Mr. J. Marshall Quintero has con
ducted the large business of that firm alone.
He is recognized as one of the successful
lawyers at the New Orleans bar and is also
prominent in civic and social matters.
He is a member of the Southern Yacht
Club and is an Elk.

DAVID SESSLER
Has offices at
624 Commercial
Place, New Or
leans, where he
is associated with
Col. John P. Sul
livan in the gen
eral practice of
law. Mr. Sessler
received his edu
cation at Tulane
University, New
Orleans, where he
was graduated
from the academ
ic department,
and Harvard Law
School, where he
received his de
gree of LL.B. Member Louisiana Bar As
sociation, American Bar Association and
Bar of State of New York.

FRANK WILLIAM HART
Is a native of Louisiana, born at New Or
leans July 30, 1884. He is the son of W.
0. Hart and Sophie C. Gruneburg. Mr.
Hart's present residence is 1526 Dufossat
street. New Orleans, and has offices at
1016 Carondelet Building. He was edu
cated at University School and Tulane Uni
versity of New Orleans and Yale Univer
sity, New Haven, Conn. He studied law
at "Tulane University and with McCIoskey
& Benedict, New Orleans, and was admit
ted to the bar May 17, 1906. Mr. Hart
married Miss Bemis Sharp September 28,
1915, and has two children. He is a mem
ber of the Boston Club, New Orleans Lawn
Tennis Club, Louisiana Bar Association,
American Bar Association and Commercial
Law League of America.

64

BIOGRAPHICAL

JESSE CHANDLER McGEE
Is a Georgian,
born at Way-
cross, Ware coun
ty, Georgia, 24
years ago. He is
the son of Wil
liam J. McGee
and Letitia Fes-
permann McGee,
and resides at
2310 Calhoun St.,
New Orleans,
with offices at
620-21 Whitney-
Central Building.
Mr. McGee ob
tained his educa
tion at the public
schools of Mont
gomery, Ala., Waycross, Ga., Tampa, Fla.,
Mart, Texas, McDonogh-Jefferson High
School, New Orleans, and Tulane Univer
sity. He was admitted to the bar June 9,
1921, having graduated at Tulane Law
School. Is one of the prominnet younger
members of the bar, being active in fra
ternal and business organizations. He is
a member of Sigma Nu Fraternity, Young
Men's Business Club, American Legion and
Louisiana Bar Association. Mr. McGee
is a member of the firm of Higgins, McGee
& Dobbins.

ARCHIBALD THOMAS HIGGINS,
Although but 28
yep.rs of age, born
Oct. 31, 1893,
has served one
term as City At
torney for the
city of Gretna,
La., and repre
sented his parish,
Jefferson, in the
State Legislature
at Baton Rouge,
for one term. He
is the son of
Thomas Patrick
Higgins and Lil
lie P. Oertel, and
resides at 1138
Washington St.,
McDonoghville, La., and has offices at 621
Whitney-Central Building, New Orleans,
La., being the senior member of the firm
of Higgins, McGee & Dobbins. His educa
tion was gained in the public schools and
at the Tulane University. He also read law
in the office of late Gov. L. E. Hall for one
year, and for two years with the firm of
Terriberry, Rice & Young. He was admit
ted to the bar June 7, 1916. He is a mem
ber of Wm. D. White Lodge No. 408, Or
leans-Delta Chapter and Jacques De Molay
Commandery, No. 2.

MAX MAAS SCHAUMBURGER. Born 1895. Ed
ucated in the pub
lic schools of New
Orleans, graduat-
ing from the
Boys' High School
in 1912. Received
a B.A. degree at
Tulane Universi
ty in 1916. On
the first day of
the war, April 6,
1917, entered the
service of the U.
S. Government as
a special agent of
the Secret Serv
ice of the United
States Depart
ment of Justice, which position he held,
upon the special request of Attorney Gen
eral Gregory, until the cessation of hos
tilities. He terminated his law studies at
the Louisiana State University, graduat
ing with the degree of LL.B. in June, 1919.
After taking a course of law at the Uni
versity of Guatemala, Central America, he
received an LL.B. degree from that insti
tution. He has offices at 620-621 Whit
ney-Central Bank Building, New Orleans.
He was admitted to the bar in 1919. Mr.
Schaumburger has the distinction of be
ing the only American attorney who is a
member of the bar and of the faculty of
law of the Republic of Guatemala, and is
prepared to make a specialty of Latin
American as well as public international
law. He is a member of Jerusalem Tem
ple, A. A. O. N. M. S., Grand Consistory of
Louisiana; Hiram Lodge, No. 70, F. & A.
M. ; Young Men's Business Club, Tulane
Alumni, American Club, Guatemala, and
other social organizations.

ARTHUR B. HAMMOND, JR.,
Assistant Attorney of the Board of Com
missioners of the Port of New Orleans,
was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania,
July 21, 1890, being the son of Arthur
B. Hammond and S. Lillian Hammond. He
is associated in practice with Harold A.
Moise, having offices at 729-731 Whitney-
Central Building. He resides at 517 Low
erline street. New Orleans, his wife, Hilda
Phelps, and two children composing his
family. He is a graduate of the Lafayette
College, Easton, Pa., 1913, and studied at
Tulane University Law School, 1919-1920.
He was admitted to the bar of California
in 1915, Texas in 1916 and in Louisiana,
1920. He conducts a general practice of
law. He is a member of the Stratford and
Audubon Golf Clubs and of the Phi Gamma
Delta fraternity, American Bar Association
and Louisiana Bar Association.

BIOGRAPHICAL

65

THOMAS JOSEPH DOBBINS
was born in New
Orleans, Febru
ary 22, 1894. The
public schools of
Was born in New
High School af
forded his his
early education.
He was graduat
ed in law from
the Loyola Uni
versity on June
10, 1921, and
while attending
that school he
read law with the
firm of Terriber
ry, Rice and
Young, being
with these lawyers from September, 1917,
until December 1, 1921. He was admitted
to the bar of Louisiana June 10, 1922. He
was married to Addie A. Werling who
died December 30, 1918, and has one son,
Walter H. Dobbins, who was born March
25, 1915. Mr. Dobbins conducts a gen
eral practice, being the junior member
of the firm of Higgins, McGee and Dob
bins, with offices at 620-21 Whitney-Cen
tral Building. He is in active practice
in all of the courts of the State and in
the Federal court and is a member of the
Louisiana Bar Association.

ESMOND PHELPS
Was born in New
Orleans 33 years
ago and is the
son of Ashton
Phelps and
Blanche Moulton.
His home is at
14 3 8 Harmony
street, and he has
offices in the
United Fruit Co.
Building in New
Orleans. He re
ceived his educa
tion in the Tulane
University (A.B.
1907) and the
Tulane Universi
ty Law School
(LL.B. 1909), and was admitted to practice
at the bar of Louisiana in May, 1909. He
specializes in railroad, admiralty and cor
poration law. He is a member of the well-
known law firm of Spencer, Gidiere, Phelps
& Dunbar. Aside from his professional
work, Mr. Phelps is also active in civic and
social affairs. He is a member of the Bos
ton Club, the Louisiana Club, the New Or
leans Country Club and the New Orleans
Lawn Tennis Club and other organizations.

CHARLES E. DUNBAR, JR.,
Is a Mississippi-
an, born at Mc
Comb, in that
state, 33 yef)"-
ago. He is the
son of C. E. Dun
bar and Emma
Bauer. He now
lives at 1220
State street, and
has offices in the
United Fruit
Building, in New
Orleans. Mr. Dun
bar's education
consists of the
following: T u -
lane University,
1910, A.B.; Har
vard University, M.A. ; Harvard University,
1914, LL.B.; Tulane University, 1915,
LL.B. He was admitted to the bar of Lou
isiana in 1915. He is active in professional,
college and civic circles and is a member of
the Stratford Club, Louisiana Club, South
ern Yacht Club, Young Men's Business
Club, many college fraternities, and a mem
ber of the Law Faculty, Tulane University.
Mr. Dunbar is recognized as one of the
leaders of the New Orleans bar.

JOSE A. MORALES
Was born at St.
German, Porto
Rico, U. S. A., on
March 19, 1889.
He is the son of
Jose A. Morales
and Paula Garces.
He now resides
at 2312 Tulane
avenue and has
offices at 309 Mc
CIoskey Building.
He obtained his
early education in
the public schools
and finished in
the College of
Art and Science,
Maricao, Porto
Rico; College St. Fernando, San Antonio,
Texas; Alamo City Business College, San
Antonio, Texas; Potches' School of Lan
guages, New Orleans, and the Louisiana
State University. He studied law with
Prof. Robert TuUis, dean of the Louisiana
State University, and was admitted to the
bar in 1909. He conducts a general prac
tice in civil law. He is a Knight of Pythias
and Odd Fellow, a member of the Order of
Owls and A. S. in the West Indies. He
also belongs to the L. I. U. N. ; LL.M., Lo
yola University; author of a series of
dramas and novels, "The Assassination of
Francisco Madero," "The Downfall of the
Invisible Empire," "Trials and Tribula
tions."

66

BIOGRAPHICAL

RICHARD A. DOWLING
Is now serving as
Judge in the
Criminal District
Court of Orleans
Parish. He was
elected as such
judge November
2, 1920, and his
term expires De
cember 31, 1924.
Judge Do-wling
was born in New
Orleans, January
8, 1891. He is
the son of John
M. Dowling and
Louise Phelan.
He resides at
16 2 2 Philip
street. New Orleans. He obtained his edu
cation in the New Orleans public schools
and afterwards attended Soule College and
Loyola University. He studied law in the
office of Judge Hugh C. Cage, M. C.
Scharff, Alfred J. Bonomo and at the Loyo
la University. He was admitted to the bar
June 29, 1917. Judge Dowling is active
in civic movements and is high in social
circles. He is a member of the Elks and
Moose lodges, and Ancient Order of Hi
bernians. CHARLES FRANCIS FLETCHINGER
Was born in New
Orleans Oct. 15,
1877, and is the
son of Ambrose
Fletchinger and
Elizabeth S t r a-
dler. His resi
dence address is
at 2417 Robert
St., New Orleans,
and has offices at
826 Common St.,
Weiss Bldg. Mr.
Fletchinger was
educated at Tu
lane University,
obtaining his de
gree of LL.B. in
1902. He took a
post-graduate course in Law Department
of University of Michigan, 1905, and Uni
versity of Chicago in 1907. At present he is
a member of the Faculty of Loyola Univer
sity, New Orleans. Mr. Fletchinger married
Miss Bessie Quinlan on Sept. 29, 1909.
He studied law in the office and under the
direction of the late Judge Frank McGloin,
and upon graduating entered the office of
the late T. Marshall Miller. He later be
came associated with him and John Dabney
Miller. Was admitted to the bar on May
19, 1902. Mr. Fletchinger is a member
of the Chess, Checkers and Whist Club,
Kiwanis and Elks. He conducts a general
practice and is a member of the firm of
Miller, Miller & Fletchinger.

ALFRED J. BONOMO Is a native of
New Orleans, born
in that city April
14, 1890, and is
the son of Joseph
Bonomo and Jo
sephine Alt. His
present residence
is at 2114 Cal
houn St., New
Orleans, and has
offices at 903
"Title Guarantee
Building. Mr. Bo-
n o m o obtained
his education at
St. Joseph's
School, St. Phil
ip's P a r o c hial
School, College of the Immaculate Con
ception, (jeorgetown University, and Lo
yola University of this city, and was ad
mitted to the Bar in 1915. He married
Miss Beatrice E. Jung March 1, 1916, and
has two children, Alfred, Jr., and Louis.
Mr. Bonomo is active in social and busi
ness affairs of New Orleans, being a mem
ber of Knights of Columbus, Firemen's
Charitable and Benevolent Association,
Jesuits' Alumni, Catholic Alumni and
Friends of Irish Freedom. He is also Sec
retary of Loyola University Law School
since its foundation, Lecturer at Loyola
University Law Department, and on Dental
Law in the Dental School of Loyola.
JOHN WAGNE!i
Is one of ths
prominent mem
bers of the bar
in New Orleans
and was born 45
years ago in that
city. He is the
son of George
Wagner and
Magdalena Heyd.
He now resides
at 1038 Dryades
street and has of
fices at 4 0 0
Carondelet street
(Ramsey Build
ing). Mr. Wag
ner obtained his
education in the
public schools of New Orleans, and attend
ed the Tulane University. He studied law
in the office of E. Evariste Moise, and was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1898.
He conducts a general practice but special
izes in successions. lie is well known in
civic and social circles and is a member of
the Southern Yacht Club, Jerusalem Tem
ple, Shalimar Grotto, Jacques de Molay
Commandery and Grand Consistory, and
other Masonic organizations. He is an Elk
and belongs to the Motor League of Lou
isiana.

BIOGRAPHICAL

67

FREDERIC C. QUERENS
Is a native of
New Orleans, La.,
born in that city
35 years ago, and
is the son of
Frederic K. Que-
rens, Jr. His pres
ent residence is
at 2016 Baronne
street, and he has
offices at 740
Perdido street, in
New Orleans. He
obtained his edu
cation in the pub
lic schools of New
Orleans and stud
ied law with Mer
rick, Lewis, Gens-
ler & Schwarz, and was admitted to prac
tice at the bar of Louisiana in December,
1912. He conducts a general civil law
practice, specializing in corporation law,
realty titles, successions and federal tax
laws. He is associated in practice with
Malcolm J. Taylor and John Wagner. Mr.
Querens is also active in civic and social
affairs and is a member of the Southern
Yacht Club.

HUGH MILLER WILKINSON,
One of the self-
made young law
yers of New Or
ieans, is a native
of this city, 32
years of age, the
son of James Wil
kinson and Ce
cilia Peters. His
home address is
5655 Hawthorne
Ave., Lakeview,
and he has of
fices at 212 Ma-
sonic Temple,
New Orleans. Mr.
Wilkinson gained
his early educa
tion in the New
Orleans public schools, and then entered
Tulane University, but before graduating
took up newspaper work for five years.
He took the examination for the bar before
the Supreme Court and was granted admis
sion by that body April 13, 1914. He con
ducts a general practice in law and does
not specialize in any one branch, and al
though a younger member of the bar, has
gained much prominence. He is a mem
ber of the Chess, Checkers and Whist Club,
the Southern Yacht Club and is an Elk.
Mr. Wilkinson is also president of the
recently organized American Business Club
of New Orleans, the local chapter of a
National Luncheon Club of young busi
ness and professional men organized to
foster civic spirit.

ROBERT J. SKINNER
Was born in New Orleans, 27 years ago,
and is the son of Edv/ard K. Skinner and
Ruth M. Welch. His residence address is
902 Jackson Avenue, New Orleans, and he
has offices at the New Court House, New
Orleans. Mr. Skinner obtained his educa
tion at the public schools of New Orleans
and the Jesuits' College. He also attended
Loyola University Law School, graduating
in the class of 1922 at that institution,
and was admitted to the bar the same year.
Mr. Skinner is an active younger member
of the New Orleans bar, and in religion he
is a Catholic.

WILLIAM V. SEEBER
Was born in New
Orleans, the son
of Louis Seeber
and Mrs. Wilhel-
imina (Schmid-
erer) Seeber. His
residence address
is 4 2 12 S t .
Claude Avenue,
New Orleans, and
has offices at 206
Masonic Temple.
He obtained his
education at the
public schools, St.
Phillip parochial
school, Soule Col
lege, and gradu
ated in law from
Tulane Univoioicy, studying law after
working hours while employed by the firm
of Wisdom & Levy.
After graduating in law he entered the
law office of J. Zach Spearing, remaining
there for some time. He was admitted to
the bar in 1902. In religion, Mr. Seeber
is a Catholic. He is a member of the
Young Men's Gymnastic Club, Southern
Yacht Club, Pontchartrain Rowing Club
and the Choctaw Club. He does njt spe
cialize in any particular branch of law, but
does a general practice.
ARTHUR JOHN PETERS
Is one of the leading figures at the New
Orleans bar and born in that city 53 years
ago. His present residence is 1723 Fourth
street. New Orleans, with offices at the
Masonic Temple. Mr. Peters was educated
at the public, private and high schools of
New Orleans and the Law Departments of
Tulane and Loyola Universities. Mr.
Peters is a member of the corps of lec
turers on the Code of Practice, at the
Summer School of Loyola University. He
married Miss Violet Creevy. Besides be
ing a member of a number of fraternal as
sociations, Mr. Peters is member of the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club. He
specializes in civil law and all of its
branches and in all of the courts of the
state.

68

BIOGRAPHICAL

WALTER S. LEWIS
Is recognized as
one of the lead
ing members of
the bar of New
Orleans and is a
native of Louisi
ana, born in New
Orleans. He is
48 years of age.
He is the son of
Dr. E. S. Lewis
and Susan Dag
gett McCoy. His
home is at 5120
Freret St., New
Orleans, and has
offices at 318
Carondelet Bldg.,
where he con
ducts a general practice of law. In addi
tion to his civil practice, Mr. Lewis repre
sents the state in the Juvenile Court of the
city of New Orleans. He received his edu
cation at Tulane University, Johns Hopkins
University and Harvard University. He
was admitted to practice at the Louisiana
bar in 1899. Mr. Lewis takes an active
part in the civic life of his community, and
is also prominent socially. He is a member
of the Chess, Checkers and Whist Club of
New Orleans, Sons of the American Revo
lution and of the American and Louisiana
Bar Associations.

GEORGE P. PLATT,
Judge of the Sec
ond City Court,
Orleans parish,
elected August,
1921, was born in
Jefferson parish,
Louisiana, and is
the son of George
W. Piatt and The
resa R o s t r u p
Piatt. He mar-
r i e d Henrietta
Pollock and has
oneboy. His
home is at 218
Lavergne street,
Algiers, La., and
he has offices at
202 MaEonic Tem
ple, New Orleans. He obtained his early
education at McDonogh School No. 4 and
the Boys' High chool of New Orleans. He
graduated from the law school of the Tulane
University in 1914, and was admitted to
the bar in October, 1914. Judge Piatt is
active in political, civic and social affairs.
He was elected to the Louisiana Legisla
ture in 1919 from the Fifteenth Ward of
New Orleans. He is an Elk, Moose and a
member of the Choctaw Club of New Or
leans.

WILLIAM CANTZON ORCHARD
One of the leading and aggressive younger
members of the bar of New Orleans, is a
native of Louisiana, born in New Orleans
25 years ago, and is the son of Paul J.
Orchard and Isabelle Carroll. He resides
at 2102 Jena street and has offices at 912
Louisiana Building, New Orleans, where
he conducts a general practice of law and
does not specialize in any one branch of
the profession. His education was ob
tained at the Jesuits' High School and the
Loyola University and he studied law with
E. J. Thilborger, being admitted to the
bar of Louisiana on June 10, 1920. Mr.
Orchard has gained a prominent place in
the civic and social circles of his communi
ty and is a member of the Knights of
Columbus and the Elks.

CARL CONVERSE FRIEDRICHS
Was born in New
Orleans January
21, 1875, and is
the son of Geo.
J. Friedrichs and
Louise Natalie
Gaiennie. M r .
Friedrichs' resi
dence address is
1724 South Car
rolton Ave., and
has offices at
302 Nola Build
ing. He v/as ed
ucated at private
schools, Jesuits'
College and Tu
lane University,
graduating in law
in 1898, and admitted to the bar in 1899
on his return from the Spanish-American
war. He married Miss Therese Chalaron.
Mr. Friedrichs specializes in the practice
of civil law and has enjoyed a wide prac
tice in this branch. He is a member of the
Pickwick Club, Elks and Sons of American
Revolution.

RUDOLPH O. VORBUSCH
Is a Louisianian, and v/as born in New
Orleans, August 18, 1900. Mr. Vorbusch
resides at 808 Broadway, New Orleans, and
has offices at 818 Whitney Bldg. He re
ceived his education from the high school
of New Orleans, Chenet Institute, Soule
College and Loyola University. Mr. Vor
busch was married to Miss Myrtle A. March
on April 12, 1921. He was admitted to the
bar on June 12, 1922, and has been spe
cializing in the bond and tax branch of the
law since. Besides being one of the most
active younger members of the Louisiana
bar, Mr. Vorbusch is a member of the
Southern Yacht Club and Phi Alpha Fra
ternity. He is affiliated in the practice of
law with Mr. Thomas E. Furlow.

BIOGRAPHICAL

69

ANDREW HENRY THALHEIM
Is a native of
Gretna, Jeffer
son Parish, Lou
isiana, born Sep
tember 5, 1892,
and is a son of
the late Richard
Thalheim and
Louise Kleinman.
He was married
to Salome Fried
and has three
children. His
home and office
are in Gretna,
Louisiana. H e
obtained his edu
cation in private
and public
schools, Spencer Business College and Tu
lane University. Awarded Honor Scholar
ship to Tulane University on graduation
from McDonogh Jefferson High School,
June 11, 1909. Took special course in
Economics in Tulane College of Commerce
and Business Administration. He now con
ducts a general practice of law. He is a no
tary public; attorney to assistant tax col
lector of Jefferson Parish since 1917;
United States Government Appeal Agent,
and was member of the legal advisory
board of Jefferson Parish from the begin
ning of the war until June, 1918, when he
volunteered for service as private, graduat
ed from Officers' Training School, and was
commissioned second lieutenant. He was
elected in 1920 member of the 28th Judi
cial District Democratic executive com
mittee.

THOMAS EDWIN FURLOW
Was born at Richmond in Little River
county, Arkansas, on June 22, 1883, the
son of John Thomas Furlow and Martha
L. T. Duty. Moved to Grand Cane in De
Soto parish, Louisiana, in December, 1888.
Received his early education in the public
schools of DeSoto parish and at Keatchie
College, Keatchie, Louisiana, attended the
Louisiana State University from 1900 to
1903, graduating with the degree of B.A.,
was in the law department of the Univer
sity of Virginia during the session of 1903-
1904, and graduated with the degree of
LL.B. at Tulane University in 1905. Prac
ticed law at Monroe, La., from July, 1905,
to December, 1909, when he removed to
New Orleans, where he practices civil law,
specializing in the law of taxation and
municipal and corporation securities. Is
a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity
and of the Knights of Pythias. Repre
sented Ouachita parish in the Louisiana
House of Representatives for the term be
ginning in 1908. Was married to Miss
Elsie Ray Goldsmith of New Orleans in
August, 1915, and has two children, Thom
as Edwin, Jr., and Warren Goldsmith.

EDWARD J. THILBORGER
Is a native of Louisiana, born in New Or
leans 62 years ago. He is the son of
Henry L. Thilborger and Catherine Gan
non. He married Louise Bartels and his
present home is in Gretna, Louisiana, but
he conducts his business at offices at 912
Louisiana Building in New Orleans. He ob
tained his education in the public schools
and at St. Alphonsus' parochial school and
in Tulane University. When clerk of the
Criminal District Court for the Parish of
Orleans, elected on the Citizens' League
ticket in 1896, he attended law lectures at
Tulane University. He was admitted to
the bar in 1900. He conducts a general
practice of law and does not specialize in
any one branch of the profession. He is
U. S. Referee in Bankruptcy for the New
Orleans Division of the U. S. District
Court for the Eastern District of Louisi
ana. He is a member of the Chess,
Checkers and Whist Club, Southern Yacht
Club and the Young Men's Gymnastic
Club.

JONES T. PROWELL
Is a native of
Alabama, born at
Montgomery, in
that state, on
Feb. 16, 1891.
He is the son of
Joel Jones Prow-
ell and Lucy M.
Mattox. He is
married; his
wife's name is
Eola Faures. He
now resides in
New Orleans and
has offices in the
Louisiana Bldg.,
New Orleans, La.
Mr. Proweli is
the senior mem
ber of the law firm of Proweli & McBride,
composed of himself and Richard T. Mc
Bride, which firm conducts a general prac
tice in law. He gained his education in the
public schools of New Orleans and the Tu
lane University, and studied law at the
latter institution. He was admitted to the
bar in June, 1913. He is recognized as one
of the leaders in the profession in New
Orleans. He is a member of the State
Senate of Louisiana, being one of the rep
resentatives of the city of New Orleans.
He is active in civic and social affairs, be
ing a member of the Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club, Southern Yacht Club, is a Ma
son and an Elk.

70

BIOGRAPHICAL

BERNARD McCLOSKY Was born in
County London-
derry, Ireland,
and is the son of
John McClosky
and Catherine
McClosky. H i s
residence address
is the St. Charles
Hotel, New Or
leans, and has of
fices at 1304-5-6-
7-8 Hibernia
Building, where
he is the senior
member of the
well-known firm
of McClosky &
Benedict. He re
ceived his education at University of Lou
isiana and studied law with William Sum
ner Benedict, being admitted to the bar
in 1882. Mr. McCIoskey has always been
active in business and social affairs of New
Orleans, being a member of the Boston
Club, Pickwick Club, Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club, Press Club, Country Club and
Southern Yacht Club, American Bar Asso
ciation and Louisiana Bar Association. He
does not specialize in any particular branch
of the law, but his firm enjoys a very large
general practice. In religion Mr. McClos
ky is a Catholic.

MICHAEL MATHEWS IRWIN
Is one of the ag
gressive young-
lawyers of New
Orleans, having
been admitted to
the bar June 22,
1921. He is as
sociated with the
well-known firm
of McCIoskey &
Benedict, with
offices 1305-1308
Hibernia Bank
Building. Mr. Ir
win is unmarried
and resides at
5117 Prytania
street, New Or
leans. He gained
his early education at St. Stanislaus Col
lege, Bay St. Louis, and graduated from
the Tulane University with LL.B. degree.
He was admitted to the Louisiana bar June
22, 1921. He is the son of Michael Irwin,
Jr., and Johanna Fitzgerald. He is a mem
ber of the Southern Yacht Club and the
Delta Sigma Phi fraternity. He conducts
a general practice of law in all of the
courts of the state and also the federal
courts.

JOHN J. McCLOSKEY
Is one of the recognized leading members
of the New Orleans bar. He was born in
New Orleans and is the son of Richard
McCIoskey and Catherine Finley. He is
42 years of age. His early education was
obtained in the public schools of New
Orleans, after which he attended the Uni
versity of Virginia and the Tulane Univer
sity. He was admitted to the bar in 1902.
He conducts a large general civil practice
and is a member of the firm of Mc
CIoskey & Benedict. Mr. McCIoskey is
a prominent member of many civic and
social organizations. He belongs to the
Pickwick, Round Table, Chess, Checkers
and Whist, and Audubon Golf Clubs of
New Orleans. He is also a member of the
Chi Phi and Phi Delta Fraternities.
LAWRENCE G. BODET.
Lawrence G.
Bodet, born in
San Diego, Tex
as, twenty-eight
years ago, is the
son of Philip A.
Bodet and Rose
Tovar. He ob
tained his early
education in pri
vate schools, and
his LL.B. degree
at Loyola Univer
sity, having been
admitted to the
bar on June 12,
1922. Mr. Bo
de t ' s residence
address is 3326
State Street Drive, New Orleans. He is
affiliated with the firm of McCIoskey &
Benedict, with offices at 1305 Hibernia
Building. He is one of the active younger
members of the bar, and a member of the
Young Men's Gymnastic Club of New Or
leans. Mr. Bodet does not specialize in any
particular branch of the law, but is en
gaged in general practice.
PERCY SOMMER BENEDICT,
One of the well-known lawyers of New Or
leans, having offices at 1306 Hibenia Bank
Building, was born 50 years ago, and is
the son of William Sommer Benedict and
Jane West Hornor. He received his edu
cation in the public schools, finishing at
Leche Academy, Tulane University and
University of Virginia. He studied law with
his father and was admitted to the bar
May 20, 1892. For 22 years he has been
a member of the firm of McCIoskey &
Benedict. He is noted for his skill and
knowledge of corporation and probate law,
in which he specializes. He is a member
of the Boston, Chess, Checkers and Whist
and Southern Yacht Clubs and many other
organizations, including the Elks and Ma
sons.

BIOGRAPHICAL

71

HERBERT W. KAISER, One of the well-
known members
of the New Or
leans bar, was
born in that city
Sept. 18, 1884.
He is the son of
Esmar Kaiser and
Ida Riemann. He
married Esther
Louise Heim and
has one child. His
early education
was received in
New Orleans and
he attended the
Boys' high school.
He g r a d uated
from Tulane Uni
versity, A.B., 1906, and Harvard Univer
sity, A.B., 1907. He was admitted to the
bar of Louisiana on December 13, 1909,
and is a member of the Louisiana and
American Bar Association. He is active
in civic and social circles, a member of
the Chess, Checkers and Whist Club, Pres
ident of University Club, Vice-President
of Young Men's Hebrew Association; he
is an Elk and Potentate of Jerusalem Tem
ple of the Shrine.

MARTIN H. MANION, Recognized as be
ing among the
leaders of the
New Orleans bar,
was born Oct. 18,
1876, in New Or
leans, and is the
son of Martin
Manion and Mary
Fitzpatrick. He
married Olive Jo
sephine Keller on
Sept. 10, 1904,
and now resides
at 1705 Calhoun
street, and has
his office at No.
300 Marine Bank
Building in New
Orleans. He received his early education
in the public schools of New Orleans and
attended Soule's College, Tulane Univer
sity, Sewanee, University of Virginia and
Highland Falls Academy. He studied law
with Walter H. Rogers, George S. Dodds,
Charles J. Boatner and Douglas McEnery,
and was admitted to the bar in 1898. He
conducts a general practice in civil law.
He is a member of the Round Table, Chess,
Checkers and Whist and Southern Yacht
Clubs, is a Mason and an Elk.

FRED A. WULFF, JR.,
One of the young
er and progres
sive members of
the bar of Louisi
ana, was born in
New Orleans 24
years ago and is
the son of Fred
erick A. Wulff
and Bernardine
Buikhardt. H e
resides at 213
S. Clark street,
and has offices
at 300 Marine
Bank Building in
New Orleans. He
received his edu
cation in the pub
lic schools 01 His native city, graduating
from the Warren Easton Boys' High
School in June, 1915. He attended Tulane
University law school and graduated in
June, 1920, and was admitted to the bar
in that year. He conducts a general civil
practice of law and is associated with
Messrs. Martin H. Manion and Herbert W.
Kaiser. He is a member of the Elks,
Southern Yacht Club, Little Theater, Delta
Sigma Phi College fraternity and the Phi
Delta Phi Legal College fraternity.

JOHN ST. PAUL, JR.,
Is one of the
leading lawyers
among the young
er members of
the New Orleans
bar. He is the
son of John St.
Paul, Associate
Justice of the Su
preme Court, and
Florence Towns-
ley, and was born
in New Orleans,
March 7, 1894.
He resides at 342
Millaudon street,
New Orleans, and
his offices are at
Suite 400 ¦ 410
Federal Land Bank Building. He received
his education at the College of Immaculate
Conception in New Orleans and at Loyola
University and was admitted to practice
at the bar of Louisiana in November, 1917.
He has lectured on the civil code, interna
tional and constitutional law at Loyola
University. He is a junior member of the
law firm of Dufour & St. Paul, who con
duct a general practice. Mr. St. Paul
is active in civic and social affairs and
is recognized as one of the progressive
young men of his community. He volun
teered and served throughout the World
War.

72

BIOGRAPHICAL

CHARLES I. DENECHAUD
Is recognized as
one of the lead
ing members of
the New Orleans
bar. Was born
43 years ago in
New Orleans,
Louisiana, and
is the son of Ed
ward Francis
Denechaud and
Juanita Del Tri-
go. He resides
at 5115 St.
Charles avenue
and has offices
at 409 Louisiana
Building in New
Orleans. He
gained his latter education at the Jesuits
College in New Orleans and studied law
at the Tulane University, graduating from
the law school of that institution and was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1901.
He conducts a general civil practice in
law in both the Federal and State Courts.
He is prominent in civic matters and well-
known socially, being a member of the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club, South
ern Yacht Club, Audubon Golf Club, Round
Table Club and the Old Colony Club.

ERNEST J. ROBIN
Is one of the
younger and ag
gressive lawyers
of the New Or
leans bar. He is
a native of Louis
iana, having been
born in New Or
leans 29 years
ago, and is the
son of Leonard
and Marie Labas-
se Robin. He re
sides at 519 Es
planade avenue,
and has offices
at 418 Caronde
let Bldg., where
he conducts a
general practice in law and does not spe
cialize in any one branch of the profes
sion. He is not affiliated or associated
with any other lawyers. He gained his
education at the Jesuits' College in New
Orleans and studied law at the Loyola Uni
versity, of which institution he is a grad
uate. He was admitted to the bar June
29, 1917. Mr. Robin is not only prom
inent in the circles of his profession, but
he is also active in civic and social affairs.
He is a member of the Knights of Colum
bus.

CLAUDE L. JOHNSON
Is a native of Louisiana and was born at
Franklin, in that state, and is 44 years of
age. He is the son of James F. Johnson
and Henrietta Nerson. He married Ethel-
wyn Davidson on August 26, 1903, and
he has four children. His home is at 1209
Pine street. New Orleans, Louisiana, and
he has offices at 409 Louisiana Building
in that city. He was educated at the "Tu
lane University and also studied law with
ex-Senator Donelson Caffery and was ad
mitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1907. He
conducts a general practice of lav/ and
does not specialize in any one branch of
the profession. He is not aiiiliated with
any other lawyer. He has gained a
splendid reputation in legal circles as a
skilled lawyer and is a member of the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club of New
Orleans.

JAMES FRANCIS PIERSON
Was born in Troy,
Pike county, Ala
bama, on October
3, 1844, and is
the son of Wil
liam H. Pierson
and Mary Collins
Pierson. His resi
dence address is
2 12 2 Lowerline
St., New Orleans,
and has offices
at 409 Louisiana
Bldg. Mr. Pier
son obtained his
education at Mt.
Lebanon College,
Mt. Lebanon, La.
Mr. Pierson mar
ried Amanda J. Thomas November 23,
1865, and from this union were six chil
dren, four of whom lived to majority. His
second wife is Mrs. Sallie Rodes, widow of
Rev. R. W. Perkins. He was admitted to
the bar August, 1869, at Natchitoches, La.
Mr. Pierson does not specialize in any par
ticular branch of the law, but pursues a
general practice in civil cases only.

FRANK W. MAGNE
Was born in New Orleans, September 1,
1883, and is the son of Jacques Magne and
Louise Guillaume. His present residence
is at 2223 Franklin Avenue, New Orleans,
and has offices at 507 Canal-Commercial
Bank Building, being a member of the firm
of Buck, Walsh & Buck. Mr. Magne
was educated in the public schools and
Tulane University and admitted to the bar
on May 17, 1906. He married Miss Estelle
Frechon, September 26, 1911, and has two
children, both boys. He is quite active in
civil affairs of New Orleans, and is a mem
ber of the Chess, Checkers and Whist Club.

BIOGRAPHICAL

73

WILLIAM SOMMER HERO,
Who conducts a
general practice
in civil law, but
gives special at
tention to real
estate, succes
sions and corpo
ration law, was
born in New Or
leans Dec. 31,
1870, being the
son of Andrew
Hero, Jr., and
Ottie R. Pugh.
He resides at
4219 Coliseum
street, and has
offices at 329
T choupitoulas
street, in that city. He was married on
June 15, 1910, to Laura Locoul Cunning
ham and has three children, Laura Cun
ningham, William Sommer, Jr., and An
drew Hero. He graduated from Tulane
College in 1889 with the degree of B.Sc.
and of the Law Department of Tulane
University in 1893, with the degree of
LL.B. His early education was gained in
the public schools. He also attended the
summer law school of the University of
Virginia. He was admitted to the bar May
17, 1893, and is recognized as one of the
leading lawyers of New Orleans.
He is a member of the American Bar
Association and of the Louisiana State Bar
Association.

ERASTE VIDRINE
Was born Novem
ber 22, 1873 at
Plaisance, St.
Landry Parish,
Louisiana. He is
the son of Alcin
Vidrine and Es
telle Andrepont
Vidrine. He re
sides at present
at 444 Pine
street. New Or
leans and has of
fices at 1015
Maison Blanche
Building. He was
married Septem
ber 28, 1905 to
Daisy D. Doming and has one daughter,
Elinor. His education was obtained in
the Jesuits' College at Grand Coteau and
New Orleans. He studied law at Tulane
University and v/ith James McConnell and
was admitted to the bar of Louisiana in
1894. He conducts a large practice in law,
confining his activities to civil matters
exclusively, and has gained an enviable rep
utation as being a lawyer of much skill
and ability. He is not affiliated with any
firm or other lawyer in his practice.

BENJAMIN A. CAMPBELL
Was born in Savannah, Mo., 44 years ago,
and is the son of Benjamin W. Campbell
and Margaret Jane Hall. Mr. Campbell's
residence is at 1408 Burgundy street. New
Orleans, and has offices at 600-601 Title
Guarantee Building. He was educated at
Skidmore (Mo.) High School and Louisi
ana State University, Baton Rouge, La.,
from where he obtained his degree of LL.B.
on March 15, 1915, being admitted to the
bar May 22, 1915. Mr. Campbell special
izes in legal work in connection with the
issuance of bonds by political subdivisions
of the state. He has been quite active
in social and civic affairs of New Orleans
and is a member of the Motor League Club.
He is associated with Hon. Sigur Martin,
being a member of the firm of Martin &
Campbell. He is also associated with the
firm of Howell, Wortham, Martin & Camp
bell of Convent, La., where the firm con
ducts a general law practice.
CHARLES V. MACALUSO
Was born in New
Orleans Feb. 8,
1888, and is the
son of Anthony
Macaluso and
MaryManale. His
residence address
is 2906 Ursuline
avenue. New Or
leans, and has of
fices at 917 Mai
son Blanche Bldg.
Mr. Macaluso ob
tained his educa
tion at the pub
lic schools, Soule
College, Jesuits,
St. Joseph School
and Tulane Uni
versity, being admitted to the bar June 9,
1913. He is one of the aggressive mem
bers of the New Orleans bar and enjoys
a wide general practice. He married Miss
Fortunate Greco. He is a member of the
New Orleans Elks, No. 30, and other fra
ternal organizations. JOHN T. CONVERY
Was born in Scranton, Pa., 24 years ago
and is the son of Patrick Convery and Mary
Mulhall. Mr. Convery's present home ad
dress is 4521 Camp street. New Orleans,
and he has offices at 1015 Maison Blanche
Building, New Orleans. He was educated
at Immaculate Conception College, New
Orleans, and at St. Vincent's College, Cape
Girardeau, Mo., and was admitted to the
bar on June 12, 1922. Mr. Convery is one
of the active younger members of the bar
and is a member of a number of fraternal
and social organizations, among which are
Knights of Columbus and Young Men's
Gymnastic Club. He specializes in the
practice of civil law and is in business for
himself.

74

BIOGRAPHICAL

ALFRED CHARLES KAMMER,
A member of the
well - known law
firm of Dufour,
Goldberg & Kam-
mer, was born in
New Orleans 37
years ago. He is
the son of Philip
J. Kammer and
Catherine Meyer.
He is married to
Kate J. McCul
ioch and has two
children. He re
sides at 1825 Va
lence street and
has offices in the
Hibernia Bank
Building, New
Orleans. He gained his education in the
grammar and high schools of New Orleans
and is a graduate of the New Orleans Col
lege of Oratory. He read law in the office
of the late Edgar H. Farrar and v/as ad
mitted to the bar of Louisiana Feb. 12,
1912. He is a Roman Catholic and is ac
tive in civic and social circles. He is a
Knight of Columbus, a member of the New
Orleans Chess, Checkers and Whist Club,
of the American Bar Association and of
the Louisiana Bar Association. He is
President of Orleans-Kenner Traction
Company, Secretary of New Orleans and
Lower Coast Railroad Company and As
sistant Secretary of Island Refining Cor
poration.

SIGUR MARTIN
Is a native Louisianian, born in St. James
parish, La., December 21, 1885, and is
the son of Maurice Martin and Aurelia
Michel. His home address is Convent, La.,
but he has offices at 600-601 Title Guaran
tee Building, New Orleans, from where he
conducts a wide practice in the special
branch of municipal bonds. Mr. Martin
married Miss Nita Kellar in 1905, and has
two children. His education was obtained
at Jefferson College and Louisiana State
University, and he was admitted to the bar
June 11, 1915. Mr. Martin has been active
in the politics of the state, was a member
of General Assembly, 1912-1914; a mem
ber of the State Tax Commission, and a
delegate to the Constitutional Convention
of 1921. Mr. Martin is the senior mem
ber of the firm of Martin & Campbell,
New Orleans, and he is also associated
with the firm of Howell, Wortham, Martin
& Campbell, of Convent, La., where this
firm conducts a general practice of law.

WILLIAM HENNESSEY Was born forty-
nine years ago
and is the son of
Wm. Ryan Hen
nessey and Cath
erine Kirby. He
resides at 311
Pelican avenue.
New Orleans, and
has offices at 137
Carondelet St.
Mr. Hennessey
obtained his edu
cation at the pub
lic and private
schools and stud
ied law at the
University ofVir
ginia. He gradu
ated at Tulane University in the class of
1896 and 1897. He also studied law in the
office of B. R. Forman and Judge P. F.
Hennessey. Was admitted to the bar in
1897 and has specialized in the practice of
civil law. Mr. Hennessey married Miss
Bertha Lion. He represented the seventh
senatorial district, New Orleans, in the
Senate from 1904 to 1908. He is a mem
ber of the Young Men's Gymnastic Club,
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club and the
Elks.

NIELS F. HERTZ,
One of the fore-
most of the
younger lawyers
of New Orleans,
was born in that
city twenty-five
years ago. His
father was John
Hertz and his
mother Elizabeth
Clavin Hertz. He
resides at 2140
Bourbon street
and has offices
at 718 Maison
Blanche Building,
occupying space
in the office of
Loys Charbonnet.
He is married, his wife's name being Alice
Swiler, and he has two sons. He conducts
a general practice, not specializing in any
particular branch of the profession, and
is a notary public. Mr. Hertz received his
early education in the New Orleans pubic
schools and the Boys' High School, and
afterwards attended the Loyola University.
He was admitted to the bar on June 12,
1920. He is a member of the Moose Lodge
and of the Louisiana Bar Association.

BIOGRAPHICAL

75.

RENE J. WAGUESPACK Assistant United
States Attorney
at New Orleans,
is a native of
Louisiana, born
at St. Patrick 25
years ago. He is
the son of Ray-
m o n d Wagues
pack and Del
phine Wagues
pack. His home
is in New Orleans
making his quar
ters at the Chess,
Checkers and
Whist Club of
that city. He has
offices at 901
Title Guarantee Building in that city. He
obtained his education at Jefferson College
(A.B., 1916) ; Catholic University of Amer
ica, Washington, (LL.B., 1919) and Loy
ola University, (LL.M., 1920). He was
admitted to the bar in June, 1920. He
conducts a general practice in law. Mr.
Waguespack was elected a member of the
Louisiana House of Representatives from
St. James Parish, but resigned in 1921.
He takes active interest in civic and social
affairs and is a member of the Chess,
Checkers and Whist, Young Men's Busi
ness Club, Southern Yacht Club and is a
Knight of Columbus.

CHARLES F. HELMECKE
Is a specialist in
international law,
insurance law,
and in German
law. He is a na
tive of Germany,
born January 27,
187 8, inthat
country, the son
of C. A. Helm-
ecke and Agnes
Schuetze. He was
married Oct. 27,
1904, to Marie-
Louise Serva,tius.
His early educa
tion was obtained
in the German
high schools and
college, while he finished by studying law
at the Universities of Jena, Strassbourg,
Halle-Wittenberg, Greifswald, Paris. Ob
tained the German J. U. D. in 1902. He
came to the United States in 1906, studied
actuarial science in New York and has
been connected in actuarial capacities with
insurance companies since 1906. He stud
ied law at the Tulane University, 1919-
1921, graduated with LL.B. and was ad
mitted to the Louisiana bar June 10, 1921.

FELIX J. PUia
Was born March 31, 1868, and is the son.
of Magin Puig and Angela Lebatut. His
home address is at 1310 Dauphine street,.
New Orleans, and his offices are at 137
Carondelet street. He received his edu
cation at Jesuits' College and Tulane Uni
versity, at which latter institution he re
ceived his degree of LL.B. He studied law
with the late Colonel Gus. A. Breaux, and
was admitted to the bar in 1889. Mr.
Puig married Miss Evelyn Carter Penn.
He IS a member of the Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club of New Orleans, and the Elks.
He does not specialize in any particular
branch of the law, but enjoys a wide prac
tice in civil law.

ALBERT E. MOULIN
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans
33 years ago, and
is the son of John
David Moulin and
Adele Parker
Moulin. He re
sides at 2532 Du-
maine St., New
Orleans, and has
offices at 1305-
1308 Hibernia
Bank Bldg., being
associated with
the fim of Mc
CIoskey & Bene
dict. Mr. Moulin
obtained his edu
cation at the public schools and Loyola
University and was admitted to the bar in
June, 1919. He married Miss Celeste A.
Abadie June 19, 1918, and has two chil
dren. Mr. Moulin has been quite active
in civil and social circles in New Orleans
and is a member of the Elks and Louisiana
Bar Association. He does not specialize
in any particular branch of the law, but
does a general practice.

CONRAD MEYER, JR.,
Is a Louisianian, and was born at New Or
leans, October 26, 1893. He is the son of
Conrad Meyer, Sr., and Barbara Trauth.
His present residence is at 1539 Dublin
street. New Orleans, and has offices at
616 Canal-Commercial Bank Building.
His education was frained at the public
schools. Boys' Higli School and Tu
lane University. He graduated in June,
1915, with the degree of LL.B., and was
admitted to the bar June 2, 1915. Mr.
Meyer married Miss Henrietta Pujol and
has two children, Jeanne Pujol and Con
rad, III. Besides being a leader in civil
afl'airs of New Orleans, he is a member of
the Elks Club. He is not affiliated with
anyone in the practice of law and special--
izes in civil law practice.

76

BIOGRAPHICAL

OLIVER S. LIVAUDAIS Was born in Pla
quemines parish,
Louisiana, May 7,
1873, the son of
Albert E. Livau-
dais and Octavie
Toca Livaudais.
He received his
education at the
Jesuits' College,
New Orleans, and
the Tulane Uni
versity. He stud
ied law with his
father, deceased,
v/ho was one of
the prominent
judges on the
bench of Louisi
ana, and at the Tulane University, from
vvnich institution he graduated and was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1895.
He resides at Arabi, parish of St. Ber
nard, Louisiana, and conducts several of
fices, his main office being 1016 Caron
delet building. New Orleans, with branch
offices at Pointe-a-La-Hache and Arabi,
Louisiana. He is recognized as one of
the leading lawyers at the Louisiana bar
and devotes himself to the practice of
civil law. He is a member of the Knights
of Columbus, Chess, Checkers and Whist
Club and the Elks.

MORRIS P. LECO.MPTE,
One ofthe young
er members of
the Louisianabar,
was born in Ter
rebonne parish
25 years ago. He
is the son of Eu
gene L. Lecomp-
te and Lydia
Gooch Lecompte.
He is known as
one of the ag
gressive and ac
tive young law
yers of New Or
leans. Mr. Le
compte resides at
7004 St. Charles
avenue. He has
his office at 1020 Canal-Commercial Bank
Building. His early education was ob
tained in Terrebonne parish, where he at
tended the public schools and finally the
Terrebonne High School at Houma, La.
He finished his education at Tulane Uni
versity, New Orleans, La., and was admit
ted to the bar in June, 1920. While Mr.
Lecompte does not specialize in any par
ticular branch of law, he gives particular
attention to civil cases and practices in all
state and federal courts.

EUGENE S. HAYFORD Is a native of
Maine, born at
Millbridge,in that
state, 45 years
ago. He is the
son of Hannibal
Hayford and My
ra Dyer Hayford.
He came to New
Orleans when a
young man after
receiving his edu
cation in the pub
lic schools of his
native state and
the Maine Wes
leyan Seminary.
He studied law
after coming to
this city at the Loyola University and was
admitted to the bar in June, 1917. His
present residence is 2104 St. Charles
avenue and he has offices at 421 Whitney-
Central Bank Building, where he conducts
a practice in which he specializes in ad
miralty and patent law. Mr. Hayford is
known as one of the successful lawyers
of the state and is well known socially,
being a member of the Chess, Checkers
and Whist Club, Old Colony Club and is a
Mason.

ULIC J. BURKE
One of Lou-
isiana's promi-
n e n t criminal
lawyers, was born
December 23,
1859, the son of
David Burke and
Ellen Mealey
Burke. His edu
cation was re
ceived at the
Jesuits' College,
Soule College
and Tulane Uni-
versity of
New Orleans. He
graduated in law
from the Tu
lane University
in June 1914, and was admitted to the bar
in the same month. In June, 1906, he was
married to Gertrude Eells, and he has one
child. Mr. Burke specializes in the prac
tice of criminal law and has gained an
enviable reputation in this branch of the
profession. He has offices at 320 St.
Charles street. His home is 1527 Caron
delet street. New Orleans. He is also
prominent in club circles being a mem
ber of the Moose, Elks and Druid Lodges,
Eagles and Choctaw Clubs, and Louisiana
Bar Association.

BIOGRAPHICAL

77

LOUIS HENRY BURNS
United States
Attorney for the
Eastern District
of Louisiana, was
born in New Or
leans, La., and is
44 years of age.
He is the son of
Louis Burns and
Emily N. Brock-
ett. He resides
at 2011 Baronne
street and has of
fices at 237 Post
Office and Court
Building. Mr.
Burns gained
his education in
the New Orleans
public schools in the Tulane University,
Law Department, and studied law with
Arthur J. Peters of the New Orleans bar.
He was admitted to the bar in May, 1904,
specializing in federal practice. He is
a Presbyterian by baptism but is now non-
sectarian. He is active in civic and social
matters and is a member of the Southern
Yacht Club, Bay-Waveland Yacht and
Athletic Club, New Orleans Lodge Num
ber 30, Elks, and the 32d degree A. A. S.
R., F. & A. Masons.

ROBERT L. A. INDEST Was born in New
Orleans, Louisi
ana, 34 years ago
and is the son of
Joseph Indest and
Bertha Pointis.
He married Lau
rence Robin and
has three chil
dren. He has his
home at 519 Es
planade avenue
and offices at
418 Carondelet
Bldg., New Or
leans. He gained
his education in
the New Orleans
public schools and
attended the Jesuits' College and Loyola
University, receiving the A.B. and LL.B.
degrees. He was admitted to the bar of
Louisiana in June, 1917, and was commis
sioned a notary public in 1920. Mr. Indest
gained prominence in the late World War,
in which he served as an artillery officer
and judge advocate for eighteen months.
He is a member of the Military Order of
World War and of the Knights of Colum
bus. He conducts a general practice in
law and does not specialize in any one
branch of the profession.

LOYS CHARBONNET
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans
43 years ago, and
is the son of
Jacques Alfred
Charbonnet and
Nathalie Marie
Loew. His resi
dence address is
1476 North Vil-
lere street, Nev/
Orleans, and has
offices at 718
Maison Blanche
Building. He ob
tained his educa
tion at New Or-
leans public
schools. New Or
leans high school. New Orleans College of
Oratory and Tulane University, graduating
in law at the latter institution, and being
admitted to the bar in 1899. Mr. Char-
bonnet is a member of the Elks, Moose and
several other fraternal and business or
ganizations. He does not specialize in any
particular branch of the law, but has al
ways enjoyed a large general practice.

JOHN D. MILLER
Is a native of
Mississippi, born
at Raymond, in
that state, 44
years ago. He is
the son of the
late T. Marshall
Miller and Leti
tia Dabney Mil
ler. He is mar
ried and has four
sons. His home
is at 1412 Web
ster avenue. New
Orleans, and he
has offices at 826
Common St. His
education was re
ceived at Tulane
University and the University of Michigan.
He studied law with T. Marshall Miller and
was admitted to the bar in 1903. He is a
member of the prominent law firm in New
Orleans of Miller, Miller & Fletchinger,
and conducts a general law practice, spe
cializing in corporation and commercial
law. Mr. Miller is also well known in civic
and social circles and is a member of the
Boston, Round Table, Country and Church
Clubs of New Orleans.

78

BIOGRAPHICAL

EOWARD HASPEL
Is a native of New Orleans, born in that
city thirty-three years ago. He is the son
of I. L. Haspel and Fanny Levy. His pres
ent address is at 34 Audubon boulevard
and he has offices at 502 Hibernia Bank
Building, New Orleans, being a member
of the well-known firm of Sanders, Bald
win, Viosca & Haspel. Mr. Haspel's edu
cation was obtained at the public schools
of New Orleans and at Tulane University.
He received the degree of Bachelor of En
gineering in 1910, preparatory to the study
of law, and degree of Bachelor of Laws in
1914, at which time he was admitted to the
bar. He was appointed a Notary Public
L>y the late Governor Hall that same year.
He married Miss Marion Leopold in Decem
ber, 1915. Mr. Haspel is a member of
Linn Wood Lodge, No. 167, F. & A. M.,
being Past Master of that lodge. He is
also a member of Zeta Beta Tau fraternity,
and at one time wa; a national officer.
He is a life member of Tulane Alumni
Association and a member of the Louisi
ana Bar Association. MAURICE H. ROONEY Was born in New
Orleans 31 years
ago, and is the
son of Henry J.
Rooney and Ber-
.ha R. Dedon. His
residence address
:s 1018 Fourth
street. New Or
leans, and has of
fices at 329 Whit
ney Bank Build
ing. Mr. Rooney
obtained his edu
cation at New
Orleans public
schools, Soule
College and Loy-
o 1 a University,
and was admitted to the bar June 12, 1922.
He studied law with Chandler Luzenberg,
Henry Mooney, Louis H. Burns, U. S.
District Attorney, and Farrar, Colberg &
Dufour. He is quite active in civic and
social affairs of New Orleans and is one
of the prominent younger members of the
bar. Mr. Rooney does not specialize in
any particular branch of the law, but does
a general practice.
CUTHBERT S. BALDWIN
Is a member of the law firm of Sanders,
Baldwin, Viosca & Haspel, with offices in
the Hibernia Bank Building. Mr. Baldwin
was born in New Orleans, La., thirty
years ago, and is the son of David G. and
Mathilde Seixas Baldwin. He is a graduate
of Tulane University and was admitted
to practice at the bar of Louisi?.na in 1914.
Mr. Baldwin specializes in civil law, be
longs to the Audubon Golf Club and the
Southern Yacht Club and is a member of
the Board of Directors of A. Baldwin Co.

JARED YOUNG SANDERS
Was born January 2, 1869, and is the son
of Jared Young Sanders and Bessie Wof-
ford. His home address is Hammond, La.,
but has offices in the Hibernia Bank Build
ing, Nev/ Orleans, where he is senior mem
ber of the firm of Sanders, Baldwin, Viosca
& Haspel. He is married, and has one
son, J. Y. Sanders, Jr. Mr. Sanders was
elected to the Louisiana House of Repre
sentatives in 1892, and Speaker of the
House of Representatives in 1900. He
was elected Lieutenant Governor of Lou
isiana in 1904 and Governor in 1908. He
also was a member of the Constitutional
Conventions in 1898 and 1921, and mem
ber of Congress from the Sixth Louisiana
District from 1917 to 1921.
RENE A. VIOSCA Assistant attor
ney of the City
of New Orleans,
and delegate to
theLouisianaCon- stitutional Con
vention of 1921,
is a native of
Louisiana, born
in New Orleans
31 years ago, and
is numbered
among the ag
gressive and pro
gressive lawyers
of the state.
He is the son of
P. Percy Viosca
and Wilhelmina
Bischoff. His early education was obtained
in the public schools of New Orleans
and the Boy's High School. He graduated
from Tulane University law school with
the degree of LL.B. in 1912. He was ad
mitted to the bar on June 4, 1912, and is
now a member of the law firm of Sanders,
Baldwin, Viosca and Haspel. He is a mem
ber of the Young Men's Business Club,
Knights of Columbus, Tulane Alumni As
sociation and the Louisiana Bar Associa
tion. Mr. Viosca is professor of civil law
in the law school of Tulane University.
EUGENE D. SAUNDERS
Was born in Evington, Virginia, January
9, 1898, and is the son of E. D. Saunders
and Laura Barelli. He obtained his edu
cation at Rugby Academy and Tulane Uni
versity, and was admitted to the bar Janu
ary, 1919. Mr. Sanders is a member of
the Delta Kappa Epsilon and Phi Delta Phi
fraternities. Southern Yacht Club, New
Orleans Lawn Tennis Club, and a Library
member of the Louisiana Bar Association.
He does not specialize in any particular
branch of the law, but does a general
practice and is affiliated with the firm of
Milling, Godchaux, Saal & Milling.

BIOGRAPHICAL

79

LOUIS RICHARD ALBA
Was born in As
sumption Parish,
Louisiana, and is
the son of' Charles
F. Alba and Es
telle Montaldo.
His residence ad
dress i s 4310
Magazine Street,
New Orleans, and
has offices at
4322 Magazine
Street. Mr. Alba
obtained his ed
ucation at the
public schools of
New Orleans and
graduated in law
at Tulane Uni
versity in 1905,
being admitted to the bar on May 16,
1905. He married Miss Amelia C. Mil
ler (deceased), and has one child, Law
rence V. Alba. He is a member of the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club and the
Southern Yacht Club, and has been quite
prominent in civic affairs of New Orleans.
Mr. Alba has always specialized in civil
law and enjoys a wide general practice.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER BELL,
One of the judges
of the Court of
Appeal, Parish of
Orleans, was born
Sept. 27, 1872,
in New Orleans,
Louisiana, and is
the son of Wil
liam A. Bell and
Mathilde Musson
Bell. He was
graduated at
Washington and
Lee tjniversity
(1890-1895), Ac
ademic and Law,
and at Tulane
U niversity
(1896), Law.
Judge Bell also studied law with the well-
known law firm of Farrar, Jonas & Krutt-
schnitt. He was admitted to the bar of
Louisiana in 1896. He is a member of the
American Bar Association, Louisiana Bar
Association, New Orleans Association of
Commerce, Church Club of Louisiana, Au
dubon Golf Club and of La. Lodge No. 102,
F. & A. M. He was United States Referee
in Bankrupcty, 1901 to 1919; Registrar
of Voters for Orleans Parish in 1920.

J. KAUFF BALNY D'AVRICOURT
Is known as one of the leading corpora
tion lawyers of Louisiana. He is a native
of France, born at Colmar, in that country,
29 years ago. He is the son of Jacques
Balny, Comte d'Avricourt, and Marie Lou
ise Richy. He is unmarried and resides
at 6029 Coliseum street, having his office
at 828 Maison Blanche Annex, in Canal
street. His education was gained in sev
eral famous universities, having studied
at the University of Strassbourg, France,
and the University of Paris, also the Lo
yola University in New Orleans. His law
courses were taken v/ith Sorbonne, Paris,
France, and at the Loyola University. He
was admitted to the bar in 1919. He is a
member of the Chess, Checkers and Whist
Club and the Southern Yacht Club.

PAUL WALTER MALONEY
Is known as one
of the prominent
members of the
New Orleans bar,
and was born in
New Orleans Jan.
15, 1879. He is
the son of Dr.
James H. Malo
ney and Elizabeth
C. Herbst. His
home is at 203
Ringold St., and
he has offices at
308 Vincent
B u i 1 d i ng, 615
Commercial PI.,
in New Orleans.
He received his
education at the Jesuits' College, New Or
leans, and Springhill College at Mobile,
Ala., and Tulane University. He studied
law with Robert J. Maloney of New Or
leans, and was admitted to the bar in May,
1902. Mr. Maloney conducts a general
practice of law and has a large clientele.
He does not specialize in any particular
branch of the profession and is not affili
ated with any other lawyer in business.

STANLEY McDERMOTT
Was born in New Orleans, June 6, 1897,
and is the son of John J. McDermott and
Mary Emma (Braheny) McDermott. His
residence address is 3223 D'Hemecourt
Street, New Orleans, and has offices at 310
Weis Building, 826 Common street. Mr.
McDermott obtained his education in the
public schools, St. Paul's College, Coving
ton, La., and Loyola University, graduat
ing from the latter institution in 1919, and
was admitted to the Bar in 1919. He is
a member of the Elks Club. He does not
specialize in any particular branch of law,
but enjoys a large general practice.

80

BIOGRAPHICAL

OSCAR SCHREIBER
Is the son of Gus
tave A. Schreiber
and Adele Scher
er. He is 44 years
of age. He was
married October
21, 1903, to Ka-
tinka Koelle and
has one child.
His home is at
1663 North Clai
borne Ave., New
Orleans, Louisi
ana, and he has
offices at 822
Perdido street, in
that city. He ob
tained his educa
tion in the public
schools of New Orleans and in the law de
partment of the Tulane University. He
also studied law with Judge Frank McGloin
and James J. McLoughlin. He was admit
ted to practice at the bar of Louisiana on
May 21, 1900. He conducts a large prac
tice, specializing in probate law, titles to
property and homestead affairs. He is a
Mason, Shriner and Knight Templar, and
is also a member of the Elks.

FABIAN W. BORIE
Was born in New
Orleans Nov. 5,
1890, and is the
son of Bernard
Borie and Mar
garet McNamara
Borie. His resi
dence address is
4305 Carrollton
avenue, New Or
leans, and he has
offices at 402 Ti
tle Guarantee
Building. Mr. Bo
rie was educated
atthepublic schools of New
Orleans, and ob
tained his degree
of LL.B. at Loyola University, being ad
mitted to the bar on June 10, 1920. He
married Miss Lenora E. Joyner on April
4, 1915. Mr. Borie is one of the active
younger members of the bar and is quite
prominent in civil and social circles, being
a member of the Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club, Elks, Association of Com
merce, Masonic bodies and Louisiana Bar
Association. He specializes in commercial
law and is in business for himself.

DELVAILLE H. THEARD
Is a native of New Orleans, born 33 years
ago. He is the son of Alfred P. Theard
and Marie Delvaille. He resides at 7831
•Nelson street, and has offices at 624
Gravier street (Citizens Bank Building),
New Orleans. He gained his education at
the college of the Immaculate Conception
(Jesuits') receiving the A. B. degree from
that institution in 1905. He is a graduate
of the class of 1910 of the Tulane Univer
sity law school. He has acted as a profes
sor in law at the Tulane University la^lv
school since 1919. Mr. Theard conducts
a general practice in law and is prominent
ly known in civic and professional circles.
He is a Roman Catholic, a member of the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club, Knights
of Columbus, American Bar Association
and Louisiana Bar Association.

MAURICE CONNORS
Is a native of
Cork, Ireland,
but is a natural
ized American
citizen. He is 48
years of age and
is the son of
Timothy Connors
and Honora Fa-
hey. He obtained
his education in
the public schools
of New Orleans
and the Loyola
University, being
admitted to the
bar on June 15,
1922. Mr. Con
nors has his office in the mortgage office,
room 103 New Court House Building, while
his home address is 1231 Spain St., New
Orleans. Mr. Connors does not specialize
in any particular branch of law, but con
ducts a general practice. He is unmai-ried
and is a member of the Benevolent Pro
tective Order of Elks, Lodge No. 30 of
New Orleans. Although a recent mem
ber of the bar, Mr. Connors has had many
years' experience in the profession.
WARREN M. PONCET
Was born in New Orleans, 31 years ago,
and is the son of Wm. A. Poncet and
Therese Dayries Poncet. His residence
address is at 1829 Esplanade Avenue, New
Orleans, and he has offices at 620-21 Whit
ney Bank Building. Mr. Poncet is one of
the aggressive younger members of the bar,
and has been active in civil and social
affairs of New Orleans, being a member
of the Elks and the Southern Yacht Club.
His education was obtained at the public
schools, Jesuits' College, and Loyola Uni
versity, graduating in law at the latter
and being admitted to the bar in June,
1920.

BIOGRAPHICAL

81

WILLIAM FRANK CONKERTON
One of the young
er substantial
members of the
bar of Louisiana,
was born in New
New Orleans 25
years ago and
is the son of Dan
iel H. Conkerton
and Fredericka
Henrich Conker-
ton. He resides
at 1626 Painters
street and has
offices at 716
Carondelet Build
ing. He is mar
ried. His wife
was Hazel Bet-
zer. He received
his early education at St. Philip and An
nunciation parochial schools, Gayarre
public school. Boys' High School, O'Neal
Business College, and graduated from
Loyola University with the degree L.L.B.
He studied law with Edgar M. Cahn, and
was admitted to the bar in June, 1919.
He conducts a general law practice and
is a notary public. He is associated with
Edgar M. Cahn in business, with whom he
has been for the past 12 years. He is
a member of the Elks and several other
organizations.

JAMES JOSEPH ALCEE FORTIER
Is a son of Alcee
Portier, noted ed
ucator and his
torian, and Marie
Lanauze, and was
born in 1890.
Graduate Tulane
University, d e -
grees A.B. and
LL.B. Became a
Notary Public in
1916. Was a
member of the
Louisiana Legis
lature, 1915-16
and 1916-20,
Chairman Judici
ary B. Was mem
ber Constitution
al Convention, 1921, Chairman Committee
on Distribution of Powers of Government,
member Taxation Committee and Special
Committee of Seven to co-ordinate the
Constitution. Elected 1922 to Orleans
Parish School Board for six years. Presi
dent Commercial Credit Company, Inc.
Member of Chess Club, Elks, Louisiana and
American Bar Associations, and many lit
erary and historical associations and civic
bodies.

MORRIS BENJAMIN REDMANN
Is the son of Captain Joseph V. Redmann
and Ellen M. O'Brien. He was born in
New Orleans, March 1, 1896. He obtained
his education at St. Stephen's parochial
school. New Orleans; St. Joseph College,
Ramsay, Louisiana; St. Paul's College, Cov
ington, Louisiana; and at Tulane Univer
sity, graduating from the law department
of the latter institution with the degree
of LL.B. in 1916. He was admitted to the
bar on March 14, 1917. He conducts a
general practice in civil law and is asso
ciated with the fi'rm of Merrick &
Schwarz, with offices at 1107 Canal-Com
mercial Bank Building, New Orleans. He
is a member of the Louisiana Bar Asscia-
tion, Young Men's Business Club, Tulane
Alumni Association, is a Knight of Colum
bus and an Elk, and belongs to several
carnival organizations. Lecturer on com
mercial law. College of Business Adminis
tration, Loyola University.
EDWIN THOMAS MERRICK
Senior member of the well-known law firm
of New Orleans of Merrick & Schwarz,
was born October 27, 1859, and is the
son of Edwin Thomas Merrick, late Justice
of the Supreme Court, and Caroline Eliza
beth Thomas. His home is at 6100 St.
Charles Ave., and he has offices at 1107
Canal-Commercial Bank Bldg. in New Or
leans. His education was gained at Van
derbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,
and he studied law with Merrick, Race &
Foster, and was admitted to the bar on
March 28, 1882. Although conducting a
general practice in law, he specializes in
corporation law. He is prominent in civic
and social circles, a member of the Boston,
Louisiana, New Orleans Country, Audubon
Golf Clubs, and the Adirondack League
Club of New York.
GEORGE J. GULOTTA
Was born in Donaldsonville, Louisiana,
thirty-three years ago. He is the son of
Carl Gulotta and Mary Marino. Mr. Gu-
lotta married Miss Mary Pinto January 19,
1915, and has three children. His educa
tion was gained at Tulane University,
where he graduated in the academic de
partment in 1910, and obtained his degree
of Bachelor of Laws at Louisiana State
University in 1912. Was admitted to the
bar in June of that same year. He resides
at 144 Park Row, New Orleans, and has
offices at 615-16 Canal-Commercial Build
ing. Besides being active in civic affairs
of New Orleans, he is a member of the
Elks, a Mason, Grand Consistory of Louisi
ana, and also belongs to the Shrine. He
specializes in criminal law.

82

BIOGRAPHICAL

RICHARD TAYLOR .McBRIDE,
One of the young
er and prominent
members of the
New Orleans bar,
was born in this
city 25 years ago.
He is the son of
Thomas M. Mc
Bride, Sr., and
Elizabeth Taylor.
He resides at
4720 Danneel St.,
New Orleans, and
has offices at 511
Louisiana Build
ing. He received
his early educa
tion in the public
schools of New
Orleans and graduated from the High
School; also attended Loyola University.
He also studied law with Jones T. Proweli
and was admitted to the bar of Louisiana
June 12, 1920, and to practice in the Fed
eral Courts at the same time. He con
ducts a general practice of law and is
associated with Jones T. Proweli of the
well-known law firm of Proweli & Mc
Bride. He is a Mason and a Knight of
Pythias and belongs to the Benevolent
Knights of America.

WALTER G, WEDIG
Was born in New
Orleans 29 years
ago and is the
son of Reinhardt
Wedig and Eliza-
beth Khrone
Kearns. He mar
ried Ida Lillian
Harvey. His home
is at 4225 South
Tonti street, and
he has offices at
137 Carondelet
street in New Or
leans. He ob
tained his fin
ished education
at the Tulane
University and
studied law with Felix J. Puig and Wil
liam J. Hennessey. He was admitted to
the bar of Louisiana on June 7, 1916.
Mr. Wedig conducts a general civil prac
tice and also specializes in probate law,
and also general counsel for Morris Plan
Company of New Orleans, Inc. He is not
affiliated with any lav/yer in practice.
He is active in civic and social matters and
is a inember of the Chess, Checkers and
Whist Club, and Young Men's Business
Club of New Orleans.

BERNARD TITCHE Is a native of
Louisiana, born
in Winnsboro,
La., December 31,
1858. He is the
son of L. Titche
and Bettie Haas.
His residence ad
dress is 1907 Na
poleon ave.. New
Orleans, and has
offices at 431
Canal - Commer
cial Bank Bldg.
Mr. Titche re
ceived his educa
tion at Boys'
High School, New Orleans, at which
institution he graduated ; Hopkins' Gram
mar School, New Haven, Conn., where he
also gaduated, and Yale University, v/here
he obtained his degree of A.B. He studied
law with Senator R. L. Gibson and his
partner, G. L. Hall. Mr. Titche was ad
mitted to the bar January 28, 1884, in
the state of Louisiana. He was married
June 18, 1890, to Miss Fannie Kaufman,
and has one child, Bernard Titche, Jr. Mr.
Titche has never specialized in any particu
lar branch of the law, but has always en
joyed a large general practice in general
civil business and in the federal and state
courts. He was formerly connected with
the firm of Moise & Titche, and then
Titche & Rogers, both partners having
been elected to the bench.

EDWIN I. MAHONEY
Prominent in political and civic circles
of New Orleans, was born in that city 39
years ago, and is the son of John J. Ma
honey and Mary E. Le Roy. He received
his education in the public schools of New
Orleans and at the Jesuits' College and
Tulane University. He studied law with
the late Joseph E. Generelly, and was ad
mitted to the bar in May, 1903. He con
ducts a general law practice. Mr. Mahoney
was secretary of the Coui't House Com
mission of Orleans parish and superin
tendent of the New Orleans Court Build
ing, since its opening, September, 1910 to
November 1921. He was a member of the
state legislature from 1908 to 1912, dur
ing Governor Sanders' administration.
He is a member of the Choctaw Club of
New Orleans and of the Louisiana Bar
Association.

BIOGRAPHICAL

P. PERCY VIOSCA Was born in New
Orleans, and is
the son of the
late J. Viosca and
.4 n g e 1 a Percy.
Miss Percy was
the daughter of
Felix Percy, no
tary and lawyer
of the "old
school." He re
sides at 5628 Ada
Place and has of
fices in the Canal
Commercial
Building, New
Orleans. Mr. Vi
osca was edu
cated in the pub
lic and private schools, and studied law
with Judge Frank D. Chretien, being ad
mitted to the bar in 1903. He obtained
his degree of Bachelor of Laws at Tulane
University and Master of Laws at Loyola
University. He is a member of the Elks
Club and Southern Yacht Club and spe
cializes in the practice of criminal law.

W. FRANK LE COURT
Is a native
o f Louisiana,
born in Algiers
tv/enty-six years
ago. He is the
son of Frank Le
Court and Jeanne
Jouandot Le
Court. His wife
is Alice V. Hanes
and he has one
child, Frank Jo-
sept Le Coui't,
and resides at
3 16 Slidell
Avenue, Algiers,
Louisiana. Mr. Le
Court has offices
at 406-7 God
chaux Building in New Orleans, v/here he
conducts a general practice of law in all
its branches and acts as notary publie,
having been appointed as such August 10,
1922. He obtained his education through
the Boys' High School and the Loyola Uni
versity. He was admitted to the bar on
June 10, 1921. He is active in civic and
social affairs, being a member of the Young
Men's Social and Benevolent Association,
Santa Maria Council 1724, Knights of
Columbus, Hope Grove, United Ancient
Order of Druids, the Maccabees and the
Association of Commerce.

J. ARTHUR CHARBONNET
Was elected judge of the Criminal District
Court, Section E, Orleans parish, Novem
ber 7, 1922, for the unexpired term end
ing December 1, 1928. Prior to this date,
he was Assistant District Attorney for the
parish of Orleans since December, 1912.
He is a native of Louisiana, being born in
New Orleans, and is 41 years of age. He is
the son of Laurent A. Charbonnet and
Marie A. Langlois. He resides at 1467
North Miro street and his office address
is 140 Carondelet street. Judge Charbon
net was educated at the St. Aloysius Col
lege and studied lav/ in the law school
of the Tulane University. He was admit
ted to the bar May 31, 1907. He is well
known socially, being a member of the
Chess, Checkers and Whist Club and sev
eral other social and civic organizations.

JOSEPH A. BREAUX
Ex-Chief Justice
of the Supreme
Court of Louisi
ana, was admit
ted to the bar in
1859, and is one
of the old prac-
tioners of the
State of Louisi
ana. He is a na
tive of this state,
having been born
in Iberville Par
ish, the son of
J. B. Breaux. He
resides at 4168
Canal Street, and
has offices at 733
vVhitney -Central
Building in New Orleans. Mr. Breaux was
educated in Georgetown, Ky., and at the
University of Louisiana. He attended the
University of Louisiana law school at the
time Christian Roselius was dean of that
institution. He practices in all courts and
does not specialize in any one branch of
the law. He is a Catholic, and a member
of the Pickwick Club.

THOMAS D. DIMITRY, JR.,
Is a native of Louisiana, born in New Or
leans thirty-one years ago, and is the son
of Thomas D. Dimitry and Annie T. Snee.
His residence address is 1326 Seventh
street. New Orleans, and has offices at
418 Carondelet Building. Mr. Dimitry re
ceived his education at Jesuits' College
(Academic) and Loyola University, where
he graduated in law and was admitted to
the bar in June, 1907. He is one of the
prominent younger members of the bar
and is a Roman Catholic.

84

BIOGRAPHICAL

EDWARD C. BRODTMANN Born in New Or
leans, La., 4th of
September, in tha
year 1892, the
son of Chas W.
Brodtmann and
Delia (Lawless)
Brodtmann. Mr.
Brodtmann's ed
ucation was ob
tained at Gram
mar schools
Commercial Col
lege and at Loy-
o 1 a University
law school, grad
uating from the
latter institution
with distinction
in 1920. Being admitted to the bar the
same year. Mr. Brodtmann's residence ad
dress is 713 Opelousas Ave., Algiers, with
offices at 301-2 Marine Bank Building,
where he conducts a growing law practice,
specializing in civil and federal practice.
Prior to engaging in the practice of law,
Mr. Brodtmann was for 10 years secretary
to Hon. Martin Behrman, Mayor of New
Orleans, and has always taken an active
interest in local and state politics. He is
a member of the Southern Yacht Club and
in religion is a Catholic.

NAT W. BOND Was admitted to
practice at the
Louisiana Bar in
June, 1913, and
has offices at 301
and 302 Marine
Bank Building.
He is a native of
New Orleans,
having been born
in this city on
Oct. 14, 1892. He
is the son of Hen
ry W. Bond and
Louise Shepard
Bond. On Nov.
29. 1916, he was
married to Miss
Mary Helen
Behrman, from which union there is one
child. His education was received in the
New Orleans public schools and the Tulane
University. He practiced law with Dupre
& Dupre and Farrar, Goldberg & Dufour.
He conducts a general practice in both
the Federal and State courts. He is a
member of the Chess, Checkers and Whist
Club, the Southern Yacht Club, and also
belongs to the order of Elks.

CONRAD G. COLLINS
One of the older
members of the
bar in New Or
leans, was born
in this city 65
years ago, the
son of Charles
Collins and Re
becca Green Col
lins. He resided
at 3241 Ursuline
avenue, and had
offices at 418
Godchaux Build
ing. He gained
his education
through the Nev/
Orleans public
schools, and read
law m the office of the old firm of Ker &
Duvegneaux. On February 4, 1894 he was
admitted to the bar. Mr. Collins can be
mentioned as one of the self-made lawyers
of the State. He did not specialize on
any particular branch of the profession,
but conducted a general practice. He de
voted much time to civic affairs of New
Orleans and was one of the organizers of
the Young Men's Gymnastic Club. Mr.
Collins died on October 31, 1922.

MARTIN EMILE KRANZ
Is among the
number of. young
lawyers of New
Orleans. Mr.
Kranz is 22 years
of age. He was
born in New Or
leans, his father
was John Martin
Kranz, and his
mother, Caroline
Von Behren. He
is unmarried, re
sides at 3614
Burgundy street,
and has his of
fice at 413 God
chaux Building.
He attended the
public schools of
New Orleans, and afterwards the Spencer
Business College. He studied law at the
Loyola University and was admitted to the
bar in June, 1921. Mr. Kranz attends to
any matter concerning law, and does not
specialize in any one line of the profes
sion. He gives attention to civic and so
cial matters and is one of the prominent
members of the Jr. O. U. A. M. Order.

BIOGRAPHICAL

85

NAT D. COOKE,
A resident of New Orleans and Louisiana
from early childhood and is the son of
Singleton Charles Cooke and Coro Frances
Dobson. He was educated in the public
school, high school and Tulane University
Law School of this state. Mr. Cooke began
the study of law in the office of J. Zach
Spearing, Esq., during the year 1904, grad
uating from Tulane University Law School
in 1905, and was admitted to the bar that
same year. He confines his practice al
most exclusively to civil law, and is at
present attorney for the Board of Asses
sors for the parish of Oi'leans. He is a
member of the Louisiana Bar Association,
Masonic Craft and other fraternal organi
zations.

JOHN JOSEPH JACKSON
Is a native of Louisiana, born in Nev/ Or
leans, June 29, 1888, and is the son of
Thomas Jackson and Mary Upton. He re
sides at 2531 Calhoun street. New Orleans,
and has offices at 502 Hibernia Bank Build
ing, being associated with the firm of
Sanders, Baldwin, Viosca & Haspel. Mr.
Jackson received his education at the
Catholic parochial schools of New Orleans,
and graduated in law at Loyola University,
being admitted to the bar in June 1920.
He is one of the prominent younger mem
bers of the bar, active in civil and social
circles and a member of Knights of Colum
bus and Catholic Order of Foresters. Mr.
Jackson specializes in the civil branch of
law.

GEORGE MONTGOMERY
Is a native of Louisiana, born at New Or
leans on December 3, 1870. He is the son
of Charles A. Montgomery and Ellenore
Fitzgerald. He was married September
20, 1899 to Alice G. Donovan and has flve
children. His home is at 3030 Canal street,
and his offices are in the Liverpool and
London and Globe Building in New Or
leans. His early education was obtained in
the public schools of New Orleans and af
terwards he was educated at Tulane Uni
versity. He studied law with Felix J. Drey-
fous and was admitted to practice at the
Louisiana bar on June 2, 1896. He con
ducts a general law practice and. specializes
in successions and land titles. He is not
affiliated with any other lawyer in busi
ness. He is a member of the Elks and
Druid orders.

NICHOLAS G. CARBAJAL,
One of the prominent members of the New
Orleans bar, was born 45 years ago on
November 7, 1877, in that city. His pres
ent residence is at 1708 Canal street, New
Orleans, and has offices at 702 Hibernia
Bank Building. Mr. Carbajal received his
education at the parochial schools and at
Loyola University. He married Miss Hen
rietta Charlotte Seeger on April 23, 1902,
and has two children, one son, Bernard G.,
and one daughter, Marie S. Besides being
active in civil and social affairs in New Or
leans, Mr. Carbajal is a member of the
Association of Commerce, Knights of Co
lumbus, Elks and Alhambra. Is the senior
member of the firm of Cabajal & Gaudin,
who enjoy a lage practice in all branches
of the law.

DANIEL JOHN MURPHY
Was born in New Orleans, and is the son
of Daniel J. Murphy and Margaret Curley.
He married Marie Larroque and has four
children. His home is at 1121 Carondelet
street, and his office at 711 Canal-Commer
cial Building in New Orleans. He obtained
his early education in the public schools
of New Orleans and Tulane University.
He graduated from the law class of the
latter institution in 1899 with the degree
of LL.B. He was admitted to practice
at the bar of Louisiana in 1899. He con
ducts a general practice of civil law and
is a notary public. He is a member of
the Elks, Eagles, Druids, Ancient Order
of Hibernians, and the Knights of Colum
bus and Louisiana Bar Association.

STUART ROLAND BARNETT
Was born in New Orleans and is 36 years
of age. He is the son of Addison F. Bar
nett and Mamie Scofield Barnett. He re
ceived his early education in the public
schools and high school in New Orleans.
He studied law at the Loyola University
and was admitted to the bar in 1922. Mar
ried Alameda Ferguson and has one daugh
ter residing at 2118 Calhoun street. New
Orleans. Mr. Barnett has offices at 1100
Canal-Commercial Building, and special
izes in interstate and carrier law rate cases
and has gained an enviable reputation in
this branch of the law. He is what is known
as a home man and is not a member of
any clubs, devoting much of his spare
time to reading and study of books per
taining to his chosen profession.

86

BIOGRAPHICAL

JOHN FRANCIS TOBIN
Is one of the older members of the bar
in New Orleans. He is a native of Louisi
ana, born in New Orleans, June 17, 1871,
and is the son of Captain John W. Tobin
and Mary F. Scott. In 1904 he married
Eliska P. Provosty, and he has six children.
His primary education was obtained in
private schools. He attended Tulane High
School and Tulane College, graduating
in 1891 with B.A. degree. He took post
graduate work in Tulane University, and
attended Tulane law school, graduating in
1894 with B. L. degree. He studied law
in the office of Denegre & Denegre. He
was admitted to the bar June 2, 1896. He
is a member of the Boston, Louisiana,
Country and Church Clubs. He is a Mason
and a member of the Shrine. He is also
an Elk, and a member of the American
and Louisiana Bar Associations.

THEODORE COTONIO
Was born in Italy and received his educa
tion in that country. After graduating
from college he came to America, choos
ing New Orleans as his home. He studied
law at the Tulane University, graduating
from the law school of that institution and
was admitted to the bar. He is widely
known as the author and compiler of Co-
tonio's Constitution of Louisiana Anno
tated, and Annotations of Louisiana Re
ports, Codes and Statutes, which are con
sidered most valuable additions to legal
publications and are freely consulted by
all eminent attorneys and students of law.
Mr. Cotonio has the reputation of being
one of the most erudite of New Orleans
lawyers and is a successful, responsible
citizen and takes much interest in civic
matters.

IVY GREEN KITTREDGE
Was born in Asumption parish, Louisiana,
and is the son of Joseph K. G. Kittredge
and Mary Francis Ivy. His present resi
dence address is at 1653 Soniat street,
New Orleans, and has offices at 511 Whit
ney Bank Building. Mr. Kittredge was
educated at Tulane University and was ad
mitted to the bar in 1897. He studied
law with W. S. Parkerson. He married
Miss Marietta Laroussini, March, 1905, and
has one child, Francis Ivy. Mr. Kittredge
has always specialized in general civil prac
tice and is in business for himself. Outside
of his general practice, he occupies the
position of City Attorney. Mr. Kittredge
is a member of the Boston Club, Country
Club and the Elks.

JOHN C. O'CONNOR
Was born 29 years ago, and is a native of
New Orleans, Louisiana. He is the son of
Joseph A. O'Connor and Elizabeth Dillen-
koffer. He married Adelaide Estopinal,
and has two children. He lives at 4903
Danneel street, and has offices in the God
chaux Building, New Orleans. He received
his education in the New Orleans public
schools and at the Loyola University, and
was admitted to the bar June 17, 1919.
He conducts a general practice in law and
does not specialize in any one branch of
the profession. He is active in civic and
social matters in the community and is a
member of the Elks, Knights of Columbus,
and Benevolent Knights of America, and
Eagles. He is known as one of the pro
gressive younger lawyers of the city.

BIOGRAPHICAL

87

JOHN B. FILES,
One of the lead
ing members of
the Shreveport
bar, was born in
Hill county, Tex
as, on November
7, 1878, and is
the son of James
L. Files and Ma-
riaAugusta Files.
He married Helen
Wadley and has
two children —
Helen, age 16
years, and Sylvia,
age 12 years. His
home is located
at 2650 Fairfield
avenue, and his offices, 321 Commercial
National Bank Building, Shreveport. Mr.
Files was educated in Austin College,
Sherman, Texas, where he obtained the
degree of A.B., and at the University of
Texas, Austin, Texas, graduating with the
degree of LL.D. He also studied law with
the firm of Holbert & Barret in Shreve
port. He was admitted to the bar in Oc
tober, 1902. He was associated with the
late ex-Governor T. C. Barret until his
death in March, 1922.

FRANK A. BLANCHARD Is a native of
Louisiana, born
at Boyce, Ra
pides Parish, 43
years ago. He is
the son of C. H.
Blanchard and
Eva Jones Blan
chard. He is now
a resident of
Shreveport, 2750
Fairfield avenue,
with offices at
1208-1209 Mer
chants' Building.
He received his
education in the
the Louisiana
public schools,
the Louisiana State Normal School at
Natchitoches, Louisiana; the Louisiana
State University and Tulane University.
He studied law with ex-Governor N. C.
Blanchard of Louisiana and at Tulane Uni
versity and was admitted to the bar in
May, 1902. He conducts a general practice
of law and specializes in criminal law. He
is a member of the Shreveport Golf and
Country Club and the Elks' lodge.

CHARLES F. CRANE
Was born in
Shreveport, Lou
isiana, October
9, 1884, and is
the son of
Charles W. Crane
and Ida Coleman.
He resides in his
native city at
2902 Centenary
Boulevard and
has offices at
704 Merchants
Building, Shreve
port. He con
ducts a general
practice and does
not specialize in
any one branch
of the law. Mr. Crane received his early
education in the public schools of Shreve
port, and afterwards studied law in the
offices of Wise, Randolph & Randall of
that city. He was admitted to the bar
February 12, 1912. He is a prominent
member of the Elks, being a past exalted
ruler and a member of the Grand Lodge.
He is also a Mason, a member of Shreve
port Lodge No. 115 F. and A. M. Married
in 1920 to Miss Glennie Koonce and has
one child, a daughter.

YANDELL BOATNER,
Junior member
of the firm of
Pugh & Boatner
of Shreveport,
Louisiana, is a
native of Missis-
sippi, born at
Bethlehem, in
that state, on
Sept. 8, 1892. He
is the son of Dr.
Frank P. Boat
ner and Mary
Elizabeth Wills.
His finished edu
cation was ob
tained at the Lou
isiana State Uni
versity and Co
lumbia University. He studied law at the
Louisiana State University and was ad
mitted to the bar in June, 1916. He was
married on Dec. 5, 1917, to Frances Rob
ertson and has two children. Mr. Boatner
conducts a general civil law practice and
is active in civic and social circles, being
a member of the Shreveport Country Club
and is a Mason and an Elk. He is also
a member of the Civitan Club, and is Presi
dent of the Louisiana State University
Club of Shreveport.

88

BIOGRAPHICAL

EDWARD HUGHES RANDOLPH,
One of the lead
ing figures at the
bar of Shreve
port, La., is the
son of Edward G.
Randolph and
Mary E. Ran
dolph. He was
born in Bossier
parish. La., on
March 12, 1858.
He married Loe
Mixon, and now
has his home at
873 Jordan St.,
Shreveport, with
offices in the
First National
Bank Building.
He obtained his education in the Louisiana
State University and Tulane University
and studied law in the Tulane University
Law School. He was admitted to the bar
of Louisiana in June, 1880. He conducts
a general practice in law and does not
specialize in any one branch of the pro
fession. He is a member of the fim of
Wise, Randolph, Randall & Treyer of
Shreveport. He belongs to the Shreveport
Country Club, the Boston Club of New
Orleans and the Lotus Club of New York.

J. S. ATKINSON Is numbered
among the prom
inent members of
the bar in
Shreveport, Lou
isiana, having of
fices at 402 Ardis
Building, and re
siding at 1329
Woodrow Espla
nade. He is 46
years of age and
a graduate of the
Louisiana State
University. He
studied law with
Barksdale &
Barksdale, the
well-known law
firm at Ruston, Louisiana, and was admit
ted to the bar of Louisiana on November
5, 1904. Mr. Atkinson is the son of J. A.
Atkinson and Rebecca Catherine Wilson.
He is a native of Georgia, born in Carroll
county in that state. He is married, his
wife's name being Louise Williams, and has
three daughters, Anabel, Rebecca and
Martha Louise. He is a member of the
Shreveport Country Club.

JAMES MARTIN FOSTER,
One of the prom
inent lawyers in
Shreveport, Lou
isiana, was born
in that city 51
years ago and is
the son of James
M. Foster and El
len Long Foster.
He resides in
Kings Highway,
in Shreveport,
having offices at
421 Commercial
National Bank
Building, and is
the senior mem
ber of the firm
of Foster, Loo
ney & Wilkinson, who conduct a general
law practice. He was educated at Thatcher
School, University of Virginia and the
law school of Tulane University. He also
studied law with Alexander & Blanchard
of Shreveport and Benjamin R. Forman
of New Orleans. He was admitted to the
bar in 1893. He is active in civic and so
cial affairs of his community and is a
member of the Elks and belongs to the Phi
Gamma Delta fraternity.

WILLIAM CLAY HOLMES
Was born in Mer
iwether county,
Ga., 32 years ago
and is the son of
Emory F. Holmes
and Isabelle
Campbell. H i s
home address is
1104 Jan ther
Place, Shreve
port, La., and has
offices in the
Merchants' Bldg.,
Shreveport. He
received his edu
cation at High
School, Colum
bus, Ga., Univer
sity of Tennes-
nessee, where he obtained his degree of
A.B., University of Chicago, receiving de
gree of M. A., the degree of LL.B., LL.M.,
and M. P. L. from Georgetown University,
Washington, D. C, being admitted to the
bar in January, 1913. Mr. Holmes married
Miss Helen Hardy Dec. 1, 1914, and has
two children, Helen Hardy and Sarah Isa
belle. He specializes in oil and gas and
corporation law and is in business for him
self. He is a member of the City Club
and the University Club, Washington,
D. C.

BIOGRAPHICAL

89

OTIS W. BULLOCK Was born Au
gust 24, 1875, at
at Homer, La.,
the son of J. M.
Bullock and Luia
J. Kimball. He
obtained his edu
cation at the
Southern Nor
mal University,
Huntington, Tenn., the Uni
versity of the
South, Sewanee,
Tenn., and the
University of Vir
ginia, Charlottes
ville, Va., receiv
ing the LL.B.
degree from the last named institution
in 1907. Mr. Bulloc was admitted to the
bar in 1907, and is now a resident of
Shreveport, being associated with Senator
Howard B. Warren under the firm name of
Bullock & Warren, with offices in the First
National Bank Building. He is a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is
a Mason, belonging to the Scottish Rite
and Shrine.

FRANK J. LOONEY
Was born at Shreveport, Louisiana, and
is the son of J. F. Looney and Isabelle
O'Neill Looney. He is 49 years of age.
He is married and has ten children. His
home is at 615 Herndon Avenue, Shreve
port, Louisiana, and he has offices at
421 Commercial National Bank Building.
He was educated at Thatcher Institute,
Shreveport, Louisiana, Tulane University,
New Orleans, and Washington and Lee
University, Lexington, Va., and studied
law at the latter institution. He was ad
mitted to the bar July 5, 1894. Mr. Looney
is prominent in political and civic affairs.
He is chairman of the Democratic State
Central Committee. Was a delegate to
the Democratic National Convention in
1908, alternate delegate at large to the
Democratic Convention of 1912. Was a
member of the Louisiana Constitutional
Convention in 1921 and is a member ol
the Army and Navy Club of Washington,
D. C. Served in Spanish-American war
as captain of 2d U. S. Volunteer Infantry.

SIDNEY LEVY HEROLD
One of the well
known lawyers of
the Shreveport
bar. Was born
in that city 42
years ago and is
the son of Simon
Herold and Rosa
Simmons Herold.
He married Aug
ust 2, 1905, Fan
nie Goldstein and
has two children.
He received
his education in
the Shreveport
public schools,
Washington and
Lee University
and the University of Texas. He also
studied law with John R. and David T.
Land and was admitted to the bar of
Louisiana February 8, 1901. He is a
member of the law firm of Thigpen, Her
old & Lee. Mr. Herold makes a specialty
of conducting a practice in matters relat
ing to the oil industry and has gained high
recognition for his skill in this particular
branch of the profession.

JOHN F. SLATTERY
Is ranked among
the leading mem
bers ofthe Shreve
port bar. He was
born in that city
on August 21,
1877, and is the
son of John B.
Slatteryand Mary
F. Slattery. He
was married June
15, 1906, to Edna
L'Estrange Mau
rin of Donald
sonville, La. His
home is at 2321
Fairfield avenue,
Shreveport, La.,
and he has of
fices at 807 Commercial Bank Building in
that city. He was educated at St. Charles
College, Grand Coteau, Louisiana; St.
Mary's College, Kansas, and he studied law
with his father and with Thatcher & Welsh
of Shreveport. He is a member of the
firm of Slattery & Slattery, well known in
North Louisiana, and who conduct a gen
eral law practice. He is a fourth degree
Knight of Columbus, an Elk, belongs to the
Lions and Shreveport Country Clubs, and
is a member of W. H. Mabry Camp, Span
ish-American War Veterans.

90

BIOGRAPHICAL

THOMAS WASHINGTON ROBERTSON
Is one of the
leading lawyers
of the Louisiana
bar. He was born
at Baton Rouge,
and is 40 years
of age. He is the
son of Elijah
Sparks Robertson,
Jr., and Caroline
Elizabeth Robert
son. He was mar
ried in 1905 to
Josie M. Swayze
of Catahoula par
ish and has three
children. His
home is at 403
Merrick street,
Shreveport, Louisiana, and he has offices
in the Merchants' Building in that city.
He received his education at the Louisiana
State University (B.S. 1903), and was Ca
det Captain and winner of oratory medal
at that institution. He also attended Tu
lane University and was valedictorian of
the law class of 1905 and received the
LL.B. degree. He was admitted to the bar
on May 16, 1905. He served as city at
torney of Minden, two terms; district at
torney. Third District, two terms, and was
Assistant Attorney General of Louisiana,
1918-1919. Mr. Robertson has been coun
sel in some of the most noted civil and
criminal cases in Louisiana, which he con
ducted successfully. He has a large clien
tele, and is well known throughout the
state, being a grandson of the late Ed
ward White Robertson, member of Con
gress from Baton Rouge, and a nephew
of the late Col. Samuel M. Robertson, who,
for more than twenty years, was a mem
ber of Congress from the Sixth Louisiana
District. Mr. Robertson is a member of
the Caddo Parish Bar Association, Louisi
ana Bar Association and American Bar
Association. ALEX F. SMITH
Is amongthe
well-known law
yers of the Shreve
port bar and is a
native of Nor
wood, La., and is
the son of J. S.
Smith and The
resa Fishburn. He
married Sallie
Hinton and has
his home at 518
Kirby Place,
Shreveport, and
is engaged in the
general practice
of law, with of
fices at 427 Ar
dis Building, in
that city. He was graduated at the Louisi
ana State University and completed the law
course at that institution and was admit
ted to the bar in 1915.

E. WAYLES BROWNE, Who is senior
member of the
firm of E. W. &
P. N. Browne,
well-known law
firm of S'nreve-
port. La., was
born at Lake
Providence, La.,
Aug. 27, 1879,
and is the son of
Benjamine F.
Browne and Ella
Eppes Browne.
He resides at
2600 Greenwood
avenue, and has
offices in the
American Nation
al Bank Building, Shreveport, La. He
was educated at the Louisiana State Uni
versity and Tulane University, passed with
honors with the class of 1904 at the latter
institution and received the degree of B.L.
and was admitted to the bar in June, 1904.
He was elected without opposition to the
State Senate of Louisiana. He is a mem
ber of the Elks, Civitan Club, American
Bar Association and the Louisiana Bar
Association.

PERCY N. BROWNE
Is junior member
of the well-known
law firm of
Shreveport, La.,
of E. W. & P. N.
Browne, special
izing in corpora-
t i o n, insurance
and banking law.
Ke is a native of
Louisiana, born
at Lake Provi
dence 38 years
ago, and is the
son of Benjamine
F. Browne and
Ella Eppes
Browne. He mar
ried Honora Pal
mer and has one child. Mr. Browne re
ceived his education in the Lake Provi
dence public and high schools and studied
law with Doris, Webb & Browne, attor
neys of Shreveport, La., and also at the
Columbia University, and was admitted to
the bar in 1910. Mr. Browne is prominent
in civic and social circles, being a member
of Jeems Bayou Hunting and Fishing Club,
Arigon Lodge, American Legion and Lou
isiana Bar Association.

BIOGRAPHICAL

91

RHYDON D. WEBB Member of the
law firm of
Thatcher &
Webb, of Shreve
port, Louisiana,
was born at Min
den, Louisiana,
on November 14,
1874. He is the
son of J. Y. Webb
and Annie E.
Webb. He mar
ried Noemie H.
Skannol and has
one child. His
home is at 1146
Louisiana Ave
nue, Shreveport,
Louisiana, and he
has offices in the Commercial National
Bank Building of that city. He obtained
his education by attending the public and
private schools at Minden, Louisiana, and
he studied law with Watkins & Watkins
of that place. He was admitted to practice
at the bar of Louisiana in 1896. He con
ducts a general practice of law and does
not specialize in any one branch of the
profession.

ELMO PEARCE LEE
Is a native of
Louisiana, born
at Coushatta in
this State, and is
the son of Dr. P.
A. Lee and Pa-
melia J. Lee. His
home is in Mans
field, Louisiana,
but he conducts
his practice in
Shreveport, hav
ing offices at
604 Ardis Build
ing in that city.
He was educated
at the Louisiana
Industrial Insti
tute at Ruston,,
Louisiana and in the law department of the
Louisiana State University. He was ad
mitted to the bar June 10, 1911. Mr. Lee
is junior member of the prominent law
firm of Thigpen, Herold & Lee of Shreve
port, and specializes in the practice of
oil and gas law. He is known as a success
ful lawyer and recognized as an expert in
his chosen branch of the profession. He
is active in the civic and social life of his.
home city.

MARION KING SMITH
Was born in Au
gusta, Georgia,
27 years ago. He
is the son of Jas
per K. Smith and
Julia Hollings-
worth Stewart.
His present home
is in Shreveport,
La., he has offices
at 421 Commer
cial National Bank
Building, in that
city. He obtained
his finished edu
cation at the Uni
versity of Vir
ginia, 1914-1917,
LL.B., and at the
Harvard Law School, 1919. He also studied
law with Foster, Looney & Wilkinson, with
which firm he is now associated. He was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana on April
8, 1920. He served in the United States
Army May 28, 1917, to June 5, 1919, with
the First Division, U. S. A., in France.
He is prominent among the younger mem
bers of the Shreveport bar and is a mem
ber of the American Legion and the S. A.
E. fraternity.

CECIL MORGAN,
United States
Commissioner for
Western District
of Louisiana, was
born August 20,
1898, at Winne
bago, Nebraska,
and is the son of
Howell Morgan
and Thisba H.
Morgan. His home
is at 1040 Dela
ware street, and
his office at 401
First National
Bank Building in
Shreveport, La.
He was educated
at the Louisiana
State University, and also took the law
course in the law school of that institu
tion. He was admitted to practice at the
bar of Louisiana on May 6, 1920. He
conducts a general practice in law and
does not specialize in any one branch of
the profession. He has gained the repu
tation of being one of the aggressive law
yers among the younger members of the
Shreveport bar. He is an Elk and a mem
ber of the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity.

BIOGRAPHICAL

JOHN J. PETERS, JR.,
Is a native of
Winn parish,
Louisiana, born
30 years ago, and
is the son of John
I. Peters, Sr., and
Minerva Storey
Peters. He was
married May 18,
1920, to Phyllis
Cummings, and
has two children.
His home is at
2 3 1 Wilkinson
street, Shreve
port, Louisiana,
and he has offi
ces at 623-627
Ardis Building,
m that city. He received his education at
the Baylor University and Tulane Univer
sity, and was admitted to the bar of Lou
isiana in 1916. He conducts a general
practice in law and is associated with the
law firm of Wallace, Lyons & Peters.
Mr. Peters is also active in civic and social
affairs of his community. He is a Mason and
a member of the Shrine. He belongs to
the Louisiana Bar Association and the Kap
pa Alpha fraternity .

HAMPDEN STORY
Is recognized as
one of the lead
ing and most
prominent law
yers of the Louis
iana bar. He was
born in St. Ber
nard parish, La.,
70 years ago, and
is the son of
Henry C. Story
and Amelia De
Lesseps. Hishome
is at 840 Kirby
Place, Shreve
port, La., and he
has offices in the
Commercial Na
tional Bank Bldg.
He received his education at the University
of Nashville, and studied law with Lea,
Finney & Miller of New Orleans and in
the law department of the University of
Louisiana (now Tulane University). He
was admitted to the bar on May 23, 1873.
He conducts a general practice and spe
cializes in corporation law. In 1898 he
was married lo Kate Bradford and he has
one daughter. He has always been active
in civic and social affairs and is a member
of the Shreveport Country Club, the Elks,
American Bar Association and Louisiana
Bar Association.

CHARLES HOLLISTER BLISH.
Born Feb. 6,
1883, in Jersey-
ville, Illinois, of
New England
parentage ; has
resided in Louisi
ana since 1901;
first at Crowley,
where he studied
law with Judge
Hampden Story,
and was admitted
to the bar of
Louisiana May 9,
1910, removing
to shreveport in
1912 to enter the
Legal Depart
ment of the Tex
as Company as assistant attorney in Lou
isiana; is well known in oil and gas circles,
and specializes in oil and gas, and corpora
tion practice. Member of Masonic order
and Shrine.

WILLIAM SCOTT WILKINSON,
One of the prom-
inent younger
members of the
Shreveport bar,
was born at Cou
shatta, Red River
parish, Louisiana,
February 5, 1895.
He is the son of
John Dallas Wil
kinson and Alice
Mai Scott. On
April 9, 1919,
he married
Margaret West.
His home is at
900 O n e o n t a
street, South
Highlands, Shreveport, and he has offices
at 1007 Commercial National Bank Build
ing in that city. Mr. Wilkinson re
ceived his finished education at the Louisi
ana State University, and he graduated
from the law department of that institu
tion in June, 1917. He was admitted to
practice at the bar of Louisiana in Octo
ber, 1917. He conducts a general civil
law pactice and is junior member of the
well-known law firm of Wilkinson, Lewis
& Wilkinson. He belongs to the Sigma
Nu fraternity. During the World War he
served overseas as a captain of artillery
in the 36th Brigade, and is now a Repre
sentative from Caddo parish in the State
Legislature.

BIOGRAPHICAL

93

JOHN CREA PUGH, Senior member
of the firm of
Pugh & Boatner,
prominent law-
yers of the
Shreveport bar,
was born in Cou
shatta, La., Oct.
10, 1888. He is
the son of John
C. Pugh and Car
rie G a h a g a n
Pugh. He mar
ried Nina Taylor
and has one child.
His home is at
2 5 0 0 Highland
avenue, Shreve
port, La., and he
has offices at 216-217 Commercial Na
tional Bank Building in that city. He was
educated in the public schools of Shreve
port and at the Louisiana State University,
graduating from the latter institution in
1911 with the B.A. degree. He studied law
with J. C. Pugh and also at the Louisiana
State University Law School for one year.
He was admitted to the bar on April 8,
1912. He specializes in oil law and is rec
ognized as an authority in his chosen
branch of the profession. He is a Magon
and an Elk.

CHARLES HUFFMAN LEWIS
was born at Rus
ton, Louisiana,
and is 28 years ot
age. He is the
son of Charles
K. Lewis and
Mary D. Lewis.
His home is at
16 2 4 Fairfield
Avenue, Shreve
port, Louisiana,
and he has offi
ces at 1001-1008
Commercial Na-
tional Bank
Building, being a
member of the
well-knov/n law
firm of Wilkin
son, Lewis & Wilkinson, which conducts
a large general practice of law in North
west Louisiana. Mr. Lewis was educated
at the Louisiana State University and the
University of Chicago. He was admitted
to the bar on June 4, 1917. He is active
in civic and social circles, and is a mem
ber of the Shreveport Country Club, is
an Elk, and belongs to the Sigma Nu and
Honorary Law fraternities. During the
World War served as Captain of the 36th
Regiment, 41st Bria:ade, C. A. C.

FREDERICK E. GREER,
Who is one of the
leading younger
members of the
Shreveport Bar,
was born June
11, 1893, the son
of D. Edward
Greer and Hallie
Read Greer of
Houston, Texas.
He married Miss
Margaret C oghlan
of Houston; they
have one child
and reside at 729
Wichita Street,
Shreveport, La.
He was educated
in the University
of Texas and the University of Michigan.
Since his admission to the bar on Dec. 1,
1915, with the exception of one year's serv
ice in the army during the war, he has
been connected with the Legal Department
of the Gulf Oil Corporation, specializing
in the law relating to oil and gas. He is
a member of the Shreveport Country Club
and of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity, and
is active in civic and social affairs.

EDWARD BEVERLY HERNDON, JR.,
Was born in
Shreveport, Lou
isiana, Jan. 10,
1879, and is the
son of Edward B.
Herndon and
Mary Wise Hern
don, and is jun
ior member of
the firm of Hern
don & Herndon
of that city. He
resides at 1021
East College St.,
with offices in
First National
Bank Building in
Shreveport. He
received his edu
cation in the Thatcher Institute, Pantops
Academy, Hompden-Sidney College, Uni
versity of Virginia and 'Tulane University.
He was admitted to the bar of Louisiana
in 1903. He conducts a general law prac
tice. Mr. Herndon is prominent at the bar
of Shreveport and is known in his profes
sion throughout Louisiana. He is a mem
ber of the Shreveport Country Club, the
Sigma Chi, Phi Delta Phi and Eli Banana
fraternities.

-94

BIOGRAPHICAL

G. M. WALLACE Is a native of
Winnfield, Louisi
ana. He is 34
years of age and
is the son of J.
T. Wallace and
Olive S. Wallace.
He married
Betty Long and
has two children.
Hishome is at444
Prospect Avenue,
Shreveport, Lou
isiana, and has
offices at 623 Ar
dis Building in
that city. His ed
ucation was ob
tained in the
Winn Parish (Louisiana) public schools and
he studied law in the offices of Thigpen
& Herold of Shreveport. He was ad
mitted to practice at the bar of Louisiana
in October, 1920. He conducts a general
practice of law, being a member of the
well-known lav/ firm of Wallace, Lyons
& Peters. Mr. Wallace is one of the
leading lawyers at the Shreveport bar and
is a Mason, belonging to the Shrine, and is
also a Woodman of the World.

C. H. LYONS, One of the young
er and aggressive
members of the
Shreveport bar,
was born 28 years
ago, and is the
son of E. J. Ly
ons and Joyce
Harvard Lyons.
He was married
August 28, 1919,
to Marjorie Hall,
and has one child.
His home is at
1004 South High
lands, Shreveport,
La., and he has
offices at 623
Ardis Building.
He conducts a general practice of law
and is associated with W. M. Wallace, G.
M. Wallace and J. J. Peters, Jr. Mr. Ly
ons gained his education at the Louisiana
Ctate University and the Tulane Univer
sity. He is a member of the Louisiana
liar Association and aside from his pro
fessional activities, is prominent in civic
and social affairs, being a Mason,
a member of the Shrine, and also a mem
ber of the Kappa Alpha and Shi Delta Phi
fraternities.

WILLIAM M. WALLACE
Was born in Winn
parish, La., near
Winnfield, and is
— years of age.
He is the son of
James T. Wallace
and Olive S. Wal
lace. His v/ife's
name is Bertha
Crawford and he
has two children.
His home is at
229 Stoner ave
nue, in Shreve
port, La., and he
has offices at
623 - 627 Ardis
Building, in that
city. He is a
city. He is a member of the firm of Wal
lace, Lyons & Peters. He gained his edu
cation by attending the common schools
of Winn parish and he studied law with
James T. Wallace and at the Tulane Uni
versity of New Orleans. He was admit
ted to the bar of Louisiana on Feb. 5, 1900.
He conducts a general practice of law. Mr.
Walace is prominent in civic and social
affairs. He is a Mason, an Elk, Knight of
Pythias and Woodman of the World. He
is also a member of the Shreveport Coun
trv Club.

HOWARD B. WARREN
Is the son of E.
F. Warren and
Louella Calhoun.
He is a native of
Louisiana, born
in Lincoln parish.
He is 40 years of
age. His present
home is in Shreve
port, and he has
offices in the
First National
Bank Building in
that city, being a
member of the
firm of Bullock
& Warren en
gaged in general
practice of law.
lie obtained his education at the Louisiana
Polytechnic Institute at Ruston and studied
law with Austin & Danaher of Pine Bluff,
Arkansas, and E. T. Lamkin of Monroe,
La. He was admitted to the bar in Janu
ary, 1907. Mr. Warren is a member of
the Louisiana State Senate, elected from
the 25th Senatorial District in 1920. He
was District Attorney, Fourth Judicial Dis
trict of Louisiana, from 1913 to 1920. He
was also a member of the Louisiana Con
stitutional Convention of 1921. He is a
Mason, an Elk and a membe-- of the Ki-
v/anis Club.

BIOGRAPHICAL

95

DAVID BAXTER SAMUEL
Was born in Lit
tle Rock, Ark.,
May 8, 1874, and
is the son of John
M. Samuel (de
ceased) and Mrs.
Cecilia Parker of
that city. He was
a member of the
Louisiana Legis
lature from Cad
do parish, from
1912 to 1916,
when he was
elected as judge
of the City Court
of the city of
Shreveport, which
office he has held
since, now serving his second term of four
years. As a member of the Legislature, he
was the author of the first chattel mort
gage, suspended sentence and semi-monthly
pay day laws enacted by the General As
sembly of this state. Judge Samuel is mar
ried and has one child. He is an active
participant in civic and social affairs of
Shreveport and a member of the Columbia,
Lions' and Elks' Clubs. He is a graduate
of the Arkansas Law School at Little Rock,
Ark. ; also studied law in the offices of
Caruth & Erb and Jones & McCain there.
Judge Samuel was admitted to the bar at
Little Rock, Ark., May, 1895; Shreveport,
La., December, 1913, and to the Supreme
Court of the United States, June, 1921.
His present address is 1224 Park Place,
Shreveport, La., and has offices in the Mu
nicipal Court Building.
ANDREW DANIEL KEENEY
Is the son of
Hugh Keeney
and Susan Bres-
lyn Keeney. He
was born on May
31, 1886. He
was married June
j, 1914, and his
home is at 1326
Woodrow Espla
nade, Shreveport,
Louisiana. H e
hasofficesat 814-
815-816 Mer
chants building
in that city and
is associated with
M. D. Dimitry.
He conducts a
general practice in civil law. Mr. Keeney
received his education at St. Columb's Col
lege, Londonderry, Ireland, and studied
law with various law firms. He was ad
mitted to the bar of Louisiana by ex
amination before the Supreme Court on
March 15, 1910. He is a prominent mem
ber of the Shreveport bar and a close law
student. He does not belong to any clubs
but takes active interest in any civic projr
ect in his community.

JOHN HELLUMS TUCKER, JR.
is a native of
Pine Bluff, Ar
kansas, born in
that city 31 years
ago. He is the
son of John Heli
ums Tucker, Sr.,
and Lucille Le
Phiew. His pres
ent residence is
at 508 Fannin
street, Shreve
port, Louisiana,
and he has of
fices at 901-906
Commercial Na-
tional Bank
Building in that
city, being junior
member of the firm of Smithemran &
Tucker, prominent law firm in Northwest
Louisiana. His finished education was ob
tained at Washington and Lee University,
graduating in 1910 with the B.A. degree.
He studied law at the Louisiana State Uni
versity, graduating in 1920 with the de
gree of LL.B. He was admitted to the bar
of Louisiana in June, 1920. He is promi
nent in civic and social affairs and is a
member of the Shreveport Country Club,
Army and Navy Club of Washington, D.
C, Chess, Checkers and Whist Club of
New Orleans. He is a Mason and an Elk.

JAMES EMORY SMITHERMAN,
Senior member of
the well - known
law firm of
Smitherman &
Tucker of Shreve
port, Louisiana,
was born at Lib
erty Hill, Louisi
ana, and is the
son of Robert G.
Smitherman and
Rachel Roden
Smitherman. He
is 40 years of
age. He obtained
his early educa
tion at the public
school in Liberty
Hill, and then en
tered the Louisiana Industrial Institute at
Ruston, after which he finished a: rhe Lou
isiana State University, and studied law at
the latter institution during the sessions
of 1907-1908 and 1908-1909. He was ad
mitted to the bar in June, 1909, and began
practice immediately v/ith Benjamin B.
Taylor in Baton Rouge, but removed to
Shreveport in 1914. He conducts a general
practice, but specializes in real estate, oil
and gas litigation. He is a Mason, a mem
ber of the Shreveport Country Club and
the Kappa Sigma fraternity.

96

BIOGRAPHICAL

WILLIAM CARRUTH JONES,
Member of the
Louisiana Legis
lature since 1916
and also of the
Constitutional
Convention of
Louisiana of
1921, was born
at Jackson, Lou
isiana, Oct. 25,
1876. He is the
son of Dr. John
Welch Jones and
Amarintha Huff
Jones. He mar-
r i e d Elizabeth
Kirkpatrick on
Nov. 19, 1908, of
which marriage
there are four children. Mr. Jones now
resides at 2103 Government street. Baton
Rouge, Louisiana, and has offices at 509-
510 Roumain Building, in that city. His
literary education was received in private
schools, Centenary College and the Louisi
ana State University. He began the study
of law under the direction of the late Rob
ert C. Wickliffe, and later entered the law
department of Tulane University, from
which institution he graduated on May 19,
1902, with the degree of LL.B., and was
thereupon admitted to the bar by the Su
preme Court of Louisiana. Mr. Jones is a
Mason and an Elk.

HOPKINS PAYNE BREAZEALE
Was born in Nat
chitoches, Louisi
ana, on Oct. 16,
1886, and is the
son of H. P. Brea-
zeale and Cam-
mila M. B r e a -
zeale. His home
address is 437
Menard St., Ba
ton Rouge, La.,
and has offices at
513 Roumain
Building, Baton
Rouge, La. He
received his edu
cation at Louisi
ana State Normal
School and Yale
Universitv Law School, being admitted to
the bar Nov. 14, 1920. He studied law
with Chas. V. Porter of Natchitoches, La.,
and is now representing Y. & M. V. R. R.,
T. & P. R. R., N. 0., T. & M. R. R., I. C.
R. R., and is the City Attorney for Baton
Rouge, Referee in Bankruptcy, Baton
Rouge Division. Mr. Breazeale is a mem
ber of Shrine Masons, Elks' and Country
Club. He married Miss Nita Sims Nov.
22, 1916, and has two children, one boy
and one girl.

CHARLES VERNON PORTER, JR.,
A leading lawyer
at the bar in East
Baton Rouge par
ish, was born in
Natchitoches, La.,
April 29, 1885.
He is the son of
Judge Charles V.
Porter and Violet
Lachs Porter. He
married on June
18, 1914, and
has one child. His
home is in Drehr
Place, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana,
and he has of
fices in the Rey-
mond Building in
that city. His finished education was
gained in the Louisiana State Normal
School and at the Louisiana State Univei'-
sity, and he was graduated in law from the
Yale Law School. He was admitted to the
bar Nov. 1, 1910. He is a member of the
law firm of Taylor & Porter of Baton
Rouge, which conducts a general civil law
practice, specializing in corporation law.
During the World War he was the Judge
Advocate of the Seventy-ninth Division,
with the rank of lieutenant colonel, and
saw service both at home and abroad. Mr.
Porter is prominent in civic and social af
fairs, and is a member of the Baton Rouge
Golf and Country Club, and the Ba.ton
Rouge Rotary Club.

CHARLES ANDREWS HOLCOMBE
District Attorney of the Twenty-Second
Judicial District of Louisiana from 1910
to 1917, and now State Senator from the
Eghteenth Senatorial District of Louisiana,
was born September 6, 1884, in Jackson,
Louisiana. He is the son of Dr. A. R.
Holcombe and Luia Gordon Holcombe. He
is married and has four children. His
education was gained at Centenary Col
lege when that institution was located at
Jackson, Louisiana, and at Tulane Univer
sity, being a graduate of the law depart
ment, class of 1905. He studied law also
at Baton Rouge with Thomas J. Kernan
and was admitted to the bar November 6,
1905. Mr. Holcombe is not only prominent
politically, but is active in civic and social
circles. He is a Mason, Shriner and Knight
Templar, a Knight of Pythias and other
bodies and fraternities.

BIOGRAPHICAL

97

LEVI ANDREW HIMES
Is a native of
NaJ;chitoches, La.,
born in that city
on Dec. 26, 1892,
and is the son of
Robert L. Himes
and Laura R.
Black. He re
sides at 940 Con
vention St., Ba
ton Rouge, La.,
and has offices at
405 R e y m o n d
building in Baton
Rouge. His early
education was ob
tained in the pub
lic schools of Ba
ton Rouge and
the private school of Miss Mercedes Garig
of Baton Rouge, and he is a graduate of
the Louisiana State University, receiving
B.A. degree in 1912 and LL.B. degree in
1917. He was admitted to the bar of Lou
isiana Oct. 9, 1919, and he conducts a gen
eral practice in law. He is not affiliated
with any lawyer, but maintains his own
practice individually. He is well known
in civic and social circles and is a member
of the Masons and the Knights of Pythias,
and several other civic organizations.

ISAAC DICKSON WALL
Is numbered
among the lead
ing and promi-
the bar of Baton
Rouge. He is a
native of Louisi-
a n a , born a t
Clinton in that
State 66 years
ago. He is the
son of Isaac Wall
and Mary Winans
Wall. He mar
ried Marie L.
Beavin. His home
is at 531 St.
Anthony Street,
Baton Rouge, and
he has offices at 309-310 Kernan Building
in that city. He obtained his education
in the public schools of Clinton, Louisiana
and at the Centenary College, Jackson, and
Louisiana State University. He also
studied law with the late W. F. Kernan.
He was admitted to the bar in 1883. He
now conducts a general practice of law.
Mr. Wall was formerly the junior partner
of Kernan & Wall, W. T. Kernan being
senior member, but now he is affiliated
with C. W. Kernan, son of W. T. Kernan,
deceased, and since his death the firm
name has stood as Kernan & Wall.

JAMES J. BAILEY Was born at Op
elousas in 1874
and is a son of
Judge A. Bailey
and Cecile Las-
trapes. The for
mer died when
the subject of
this sketch was a
child. Mr. Bailey was
admitted to the
bar in 1896, and
for several years
practiced his pro
fession at Ope
lousas. He was
elected to the
Legislature from
St. Landry Parish in 1904. He was mar
ried to Fannie Conrad of Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, in 1907, and there are two chil
dren of this union — Fannie C. and James
J., Jr. He was elected to the office of
Secretary of State in 1916 and again in
1920. He is the senior member of the law
firm of Bailey & Sanchez, Baton Rouge,
Louisiana. Mr. Bailey is an Elk.

BENJAMIN BROWN TAYLOR
Was born in Jack
son, East Feleci-
ana Parish, Lou
isiana, March 20,
1885, and is the
son of David H.
Taylor and Cal
lie Brown Taylor.
His home address
is 925 Conven
tion street. Ba
ton Rouge, Lou
isiana, and has
offices in the
New Reymond
Building, Baton
Rouge, Louisi
ana. Mr. Taylor
received his edu
cation at Centenary College of Louisiana,
where he received his B. S. degree in 1904;
Tulane University of Louisiana, LL.B., in
1906, and University of Michigan, LL.B.,
1907. He married Miss May KcKowen
Taylor and has three children. Mr. Taylor
is a member of the Golf and Country
Club, Rotary Club, both of Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, American Bar Association, Lou
isiana Bar Association, East Baton Rouge
Parish Bar Association, and the Kappa
Sigma Fraternity. He was a volunteer in
the world war, serving in the U. S. Na
tional Army, Field Artillery. He is a
leader of the East Baton Rouge bar and en
joys a wide general civil practice, being
the senior member of the firm of Taylor
and Porter, of Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

98

BIOGRAPHICAL

U. A. BELL Was born in
Wayne County,
Tennessee, and is
the son of Thom
as A. Bell and
Rebecca H. Bell,
nee Graves. His
home address is
615 Kirby Street,
Lake Charles,
Louisiana, and
he has offices at
702 Ryan Street.
Mr. Bell obtained
his education at
Peabody College,
Nashville, Ten
nessee ; Center
College, Danville,
Ky., and Tulane University, New Orleans,
Louisiana, where he giaduated in the Law
Department. He studied law with Judge
Edmond D. Miller of Lake Charles, Louisi
ana, prior to entering Tulane University,
and was admitted to the bar in 1906. Mr.
Bell married MJ's Martha Brame, daughter
of Judge F. D. Brame, deceased, of Clin
ton, Louisiana. He is a member of the
Rotary Club, Country Club, Elks, and is a
Mason. He is a member of the firm of
Pujo & Bell of Lake Charles, Louisiana,
and specializes in Corporation, Probate and
Federal law and practice.

CHARLES R. CLINE
Is a native of
Illinois, born in
Danville, that
state, 49 years
ago. He is the
son of William
H. Cline and
Nancy J. Rankin.
His present ad
dress is 1118
Cole street. Lake
Charles, Louisi
ana, and his of
fices are in the
Gordon Building
in that city. His
early education
was gained in the
public schools of
Kan-as College at Winnfield, Kansas, and
the Illinois Weslyn University at Bloom
ington, Illinois. He studied law at the
latter institution and also in the law office
of Daniel B. Gorham at Lake Charles, La.
He was admitted to the bar in Louisiana
in 1896. He conducts a general practice
in law. He is an Elk and is a member of
the Lake Charles Country Club and the
Calcasieu Athletic Club and senior mem
ber of the firm of Cline & Plauche.

WYLIE M. BARROW
Is a native of Louisiana, born in Port
Allen Febuary 19, 1874, and is the son of
Cornelius J. Barrow and Martha Johnson
(Robertson) Barrow. His home address
is 918 Convention street. Baton Rouge,
La., and has offices at 401 Roumain Build
ing, Baton Rouge. Mr. Barrow obtained
his education at the public schools, Louisi
ana State University and Georgetown Law
School, being admitted to the bar June 30,
1902. He also studied law with T. Jones
Cross of Baton Rouge. He married Miss
Kate Lanier Barrow and has two children.
Mr. Barrov- specializes in traffic trans
portation, interstate commerce act and
public utilities, and is Assistant Attorney
General of Louisiana, appointed in 1911 by
Judge Walter Guion; reappointed in 1912
by Hon. R. G. Pleasant; reappointed in
1916 by Judge A. V. Coco and reappoi'nted
in 1920 by Judge Coco. He is associated
with W. G. Randolph, attorney of Baton
Rouge. Mr. Barrow is a member of the
Golf and Country Clubs and Riverside
Lodge, Knights of Pythias.
WARREN O. WATSON
Was born in Kil
gore, Texas, on
Sept. 28, 1893,
and is the son of
J. R. Watson and
Georgia L. Wat
son of Marshall,
Texas. He re
ceived his educa
tion in the public
schools of "Texas,
and is a graduate
of the Louisiana
State University,
class of 1921. His
residence address
is 133 St. Max-
imillian St., Ba
ton Rouge, La.,
and has offices at 401 New Reymond
Building, Baton Rouge. Mr. Watson mar
ried Miss Janie P. Palmer on December 17,
1921. He is a member of Masonic fra
ternity and the Shrine. He does not spe
cialize in any particular branch of the
law, but enjoys a large general practice
and is in in business for himself.
JARED Y. SANDERS, JR.,
Is a native of Louisiana, born in Franklin,
30 years ago, and is the son of Jared Y.
Sanders and Ada V. Sanders. His home
address is Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where
he has offices at 15 Reymond Building.
Mr. Sanders received his education at Lou
isiana State University, where he obtained
his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1912;
Washington and Lee University, 1912 and
1913, and Tulane University, receiving his
LL.B. degree at the latter institution in
1914, and was admitted to the bar, June
3, 1914. He married Miss Mary Briggs
in 1921. Mr. Sanders is one of the
prominent younger members of the bar.

BIOGRAPHICAL

99

CRIFFIN T. HAWKINS, JR.,
District Attorney
Fif teenth Judicia J
District of Louis
iana, composed
of the parishes of
\llen, Beaure
gard, Cameron,
Jalcasieu and
efferson Davis,
as born at Wax-
.a, St. Landry
¦¦arish, Louisiana,
Feb. 24, 1896.
He is the son of
Criffin T. Haw-
k i n s, S r., and
Rose T e s s i e r
Hawkins. He was
married June 10,
1918, and has one son, Griffin T. Hawkins
III. He resides at 912 Pujo street. Lake
Charles, Louisiana, and his office is in the
Court House of Calcasieu parish. He was
educated in the Lake Charles High School
and at the Louisiana State University and
was admitted to the bar June 12, 1917. He
is senior member of the firm of Hawkins
& Pickrel of Lake Charles, Louisiana. Mr.
Hawkins is a member of many civic ajid
social organizations, being an Elk, Wood
man of the World and Knight of Colum
bus. He is also a member of Kappa Alpha,
a national honorary debating fraternity,
and the Kappa Sigma fraternity.

THOMAS F. PORTER, JR.,
Judge of the Fif
teenth Judicial
District Court of
Louisiana since
December, 1920.
Resides at 1330
Louisiana avenue
and his office is
in Rooms 13 and
14 Court Bldg.,
Lake Charles,
La. He was born
in Natchitoches,
La., 41 years ago
and is a son of
Thomas P. Porter
and Wilhelmina
H. Dunckelman.
Graduate of Lou
isiana State Normal School and received
degree of LL.B from Yale University in
1906. Admitted to the, bar of Louisiana
in 1907, and for 13 years was a member
of the firm of Gayle & Porter, one of the
prominent law firms of Southwest Louisi
ana. Served in France and Germany dur
ing the World War as a major of field
artillery.

JERRY CLINE Was elected iudge
of the 15th Dis
trict of Louisi
ana in 1916 and
1920. He is a na
tive of Illinois,
born in LeRoy,
Illinois, March
5, 1871, and is
the son of Wil
liam H. Cline and
Nancy J. Rankin.
Judge Cline re
sides at 1933
Ryan street, Lake
Charles, Louisi
ana, where he
moved with his
parents in 1887.
He was educated
at Southwestern College, Winfield, Kansas
and was admitted to the bar of Louisiana
June 2, 1896. Studied law with D. B.
Gorham, Lake Charles, La. Judge Cline
has always held an active part in all
civic and social affairs of Lake Charles
and is a member of a number of fraternal
and social organizations, among w'nich are
the Sigma Nu Fraternity, Masons and
Elks. He has never specialized in any
particular branch of the law, but before
being elected Judge, enjoys a wide general
practice.

ALVIN O. KING
Is a native of
Kansas, born at
L e o t i, in that
state, on June 21,
1890. He is the
son of George
Merritt King and
Bessie B. Ster
ling. He married
Willie Lee Voris
and has one child.
His home is on
Shell Beach drive.
Lake Charles,
La., and he has
offices in Von
Phul & Gordon
Building, in that
c.ty. He conducts
a general civil practice of law and is not
affiliated with any other lawyer in busi
ness. Mr. King attended the public schools
of Lake Charles, graduating from the High
School in 1908. He is a graduate of the
Tulane University Law School in class of
1915, and was admitted to the bar in May,
1915. He is a member of the Masons,
being a Shriner (El Karubah Temple), is
an Elk and a Woodman of the World. He
belongs to the Lake Charles Country Club
and the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity.

100

BIOGRAPHICAL

EDWIN FRANKLIN GAYLE
Was born at Lets-
worth, Pointe Cou
pee parish, Louis
iana, on August
18, 1875, and is
the son of James
Franklin Gayle
and Cecelia Car
oline Tessier. He
now resides at
626 Broad street.
Lake Charles,
Louisiana, and
conducts a law
practice, in which
he specializes in
municipal corpo
ration, municipal
bonds and com
mercial law, with his offices in the Frank
Building. He received his education in
Louisiana State University (Bachelor of
Arts degree), Columbia University (Mas
ter of Arts degree), Tulane University
(LL.B. degree). He studied law at Co
lumbia University and Tulane University.
He was admitted to the bar on May 17,
1906. On Sept. 18, 1907, he was married
to Jessie K. Lawson, and he is prominent
in civic and social circles in his city, a
member of the Lions' Club and the Lake
Charles Country Club.

SAMUEL WILMORE PLAUCHE
Is a Louisianian,
born in Plauche-
ville. La., thirty-
three years ago,
the son of Eu
gene Plauche and
Cornelia Plauche.
His present ad
dress is at 1023
Common str' et.
Lake Charles, La.,
with offices at
Von Phul & Gor
don Bldg., Lake
Charles, La. Mr.
Plauche obtained
his education at
the public schools
of Avoyelles par
ish and Louisiana State University, Ba
ton Rouge. He studied law with Dan
W. Voorhles, St. Martinville, La.; Frank
E. Powell, DeRidder, La., and T. C.
Plauche of Lake Charles, La. Mr. Plauche
married Miss Cornelia Lane June 24,
1914, and has three children. He is a mem
ber of the Lake Charles Country Club, Ki
wanis and other social organizations, and
enjoys a large general practice at the Lou
isiana bar. Is a junior member of the firm
of Cline & Plauche.

MARK C. PICKREL, Assistant District
Attorney for the
Fifteenth J u d i-
cial District of
Louisiana, is a
native of Iowa,
born 29 years ago
at Pacific Junc
tion in that state.
He is the son of
Horace J. Pickrel
and Sara Cather
ine Pickrel. His
home and office
are in Lake
Charles, La. He
obtained his edu
cation in the pub
lic schools of Illi
nois, Bradley Polytechnic Institute, Peoria,
Illinois; Montana State College, Boze-
man, Mont. ; Lombard College, Galesburg,
Illinois (B.S.), and took post-graduate
work at the University of Illinois. He was
admitted to the bar Feb. 3, 1919. When
in practice he does not specialize in any
one branch of the profession. He is ac
tive in civic and social affairs, a member
of the Elks and the Sigma Nu fraternity.

ELIAS RAAS KAUFMAN
One of the well-
known members
of the bar of
Lake Charles,
was born in that
city October 16,
1889. He is the
son of Leopold
Kaufman and
Pauline R a a s .
His home is at
711 Bilbo street,
Lake Charles,
Louisiana, and
he has offices in
the Kaufman
building in that
city. He con
fines his practice
to civil law ex
clusively and is
not affiliated
with any other lawyer. He was educated
in the public schools of Lake Charles and
graduated from the High School in May,
1904. He attended Bowen School in Nash
ville, Tennessee, 1904-1906, and entered
Vanderbilt University, graduating from
that institution in June, with the degree of
A.B. Entered the Columbia University in
1909, and received degree of A.M. in 1911
and LL.B. in June, 1912. He was admitted
to the bar October 8, 1912. He is a Mason,
an Elk, member of the Kiwanis and Coun
try Clubs of Lake Charles and belongs to
the B'Nai B'Rith.

BIOGRAPHICAL

101

GEORGE JOEL GINSBERG,
A leader in the
legal profession
and also civic
and social affairs
in Alexandria,
Louisiana, was
born in that city
Dec. 20, 1894. He
is the son of Bar
nett Ginsbergand
and Nellie Levi-
sohn. He was
married Nov. 21,
1920, to Nina E.
Levisohn of New
York City, and
has one daughter.
He received his
education in the
Alexandria public and high schools, grad
uating in 1911. He then entered the Phil
lips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N. H., and
graduated from there in 1913, entering
Yale in September of the same year, but
left at end of his sophomore year and en
tered Tulane University Law School in the
fall of 1915, graduating in 1918. He was
admitted to the bar on June 8, 1918. He
conducts a general practice of law and is
prominent in legal and civic circles. He
is a member of many Masonic bodies, in
cluding the Shrine, is a Knight of Pythias,
Woodman of the World, an Elk, an active
member of the American Legion, and also
belongs to the Alexandria Country Club
and the Rapides Club.

LOUIS J. HAKENYOS,
Senior member of the well-known lav/
firm of Hakenyos, Hunter & Scott of Alex
andria, Louisiana, was born December 8,
1866, at Marksville, La., and is the son of
Francis Hakenyos and Sophia Walking. He
was married January 24, 1893, to Emma
J. Hyams and has one child. He received
his education at the St. Vincent College,
Cape Girardeau, Mo., and studied law with
Judge E. North Cullom and A. V. Coco,
present Attorney General of Louisiana. He
was admitted to the bar in 1888. Mr.
Hakenyos is one of the leaders of the bar
in Alexandria and is known prominently
in legal and civic circles all over the state.
He specializes in the practice of civil law.
He is active in social affairs and is a mem
ber of the Elks and the Rapides Club of
Alexandria.

JOHN WILLIAMSON HAWTHORN
Is a Louisianian. born in Jackson parish,
July 18, 1872, being a son of Fred Haw
thorn and Dorcas Lewis. He resides at
1113 Sixth street, Alexandria, La., and
has offices at 311 Guaranty Bank Build
ing. His education was obtained at the
public school of Alexandria and legal edu
cation was obtained at Tulane University,
New Orleans. He was admitted to the bar
in 1896, and has been conducting a gen
eral civil law practice since. Mr. Haw
thorn married Miss Mabel Lewis and has
four children. Besides being a member of
the Rapides Club, Rotary Club and Elks,
he is a member of Rapides Parish Bar As
sociation, the State Bar Association and
the American Bar Association. He is the
senior member of the firm of Hawthorn
& Stafford.

CHARLES ARTHUR McCOY
Is 53 years of
age and a native
of Iowa, being a
son of James B.
McCoy and Pen-
elope (Gillett)
McCoy. He has
resided in Lake
Charles, Louisi
ana, since 1894.
He received his
education in the
public schools of
Fairfield, la., and
studied law with
his father. He
was admitted to
the bar of Colo
rado in 1892 and
in Louisiana in 1895. He is senior mem
ber of the firm of McCoy & Moss of Lake
Charles, who conduct a general practice.
Mr. McCoy is active in civic and social
affairs of his community and a leader
in all progressive movements. He is a
member of the American Bar Association
and ex-President of the Louisiana Bar As
sociation. JOHN C. BLACKMAN
Is one of the leading members of the Lou
isiana bar in Central Louisiana, and was
born 45 years ago at Alexandria, La., the
son of Wilbur F. Blackman and Ellen M.
Blackman. He gained his finished educa
tion at the Louisiana State University and
Spring Hill College and graduated in law
at the Tulane University in 1897, in which
year he was admitted to the bar of Louisi
ana. He is senior member of the firm of
Blackman & Overton, with offices in the
Commercial Bank and Trust Building in
Alexandria, which firm specializes in no
particular branch of law, but conducts a
general practice. Mr. Blackman is a mem
ber of the Rapides Club of Alexandria and
Oliver Lodge, No. 84, of the Masonic Or
der.

102

BIOGRAPHICAL

S. L. RICHEY, One of the prom
inent members of
the Alexandria
bar, was born in
Catahoula pai'ish.
La., 35 years ago.
He is the so'-i of
J. H. Richey and
Docia Miles Rich
ey. His home is
in Alei'iandria and
he has offices in
the Rapides Bank
Building. He was
educated at the
Louisiana State
University at Ba
ton Rouge, and
received the LL.B.
degree in 1909. He was admitted to prac
tice at the bar of Louisiana on May 26,
1909. He is a member of the firm of
Thornton, Gist & Richey of Alexandria,
La., and conducts a general practice of
law, not specializing in any one branch
of the profession. He was elected District
Attorney of the Thirtieth District Court
of Louisiana and served the full term. He
is a member of the iNIasons and is an Elk.

JOHN H. OVERTON
Is recognized as
one of the lead
ing figures of the
bar of Louisiana.
He is a native of
this state, born at
Marksville, La.,
and is 46 years
of age. He is the
son of Judge
Thomas Overton
and Laura Eliza
beth Waddill. Hi =,
home is at 1128
Eighth street and
his office in Com-
mercial Bank
Buildin.g in Alex
andria, La. He is
junior member of one of the stiongest
law firms in Central Louisiana, Blackman
& Overton. Mr. Overton received his edu
cation at the Louisiana State University
and the A. and M. College at Baton Rouge.
He studied law at Tulane University law
school, and also in his father's office, and
was admitted to the bar in 1897. He is
prominent in civic and social affairs and
is a member of the Rapides Club, Alexan
dria, and the Boston Club of New Or-

RICHARD FRANKLIN WHITE
A member of the well-known and prom
inent law firm of White, Holloman &
White of Alexandria, is a native of that
city, born 33 years ago, and is the son
of Horace Henry White and Fannie Blythe
White. His home is at 1733 Polk street
in Alexandria, and he has offices at
803 Guaranty Bank Building in that city.
He obtained his education at Tulane Uni
versity (A.B., 1910), and George Wash
ington University (LL.B., 1912). He was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1912.
He conducts a general civil law practice.
He is prominent in civic and social circles,
is a member of the Rapides Golf and
Country Club, is a Mason and belongs to
the Kappa Alpha Fraternity (Southern).
He is a Lieutenant Colonel, J. A. G. Offi
cers' Reserve Corps.

JOHN RANSDELL HUNTER
A leading member of the Alexandria bar,
prominent in civic affairs and high in social
circles, is a native of that city, born 41
years ago, the son of Robert P. Hunter
and Martha Louisa Ransdell. He has his
home at 1910 White street, and offices
at 805-808 Guaranty Bank B-ailding, Alex
andria, Louisiana. He secured his educa
tion at the St. Francis Xavier's College of
.Alexandria, and at Spring Hill College,
Mobile, .Alabama. He studied law in the
offices of Robert P. and R. A. Hunter of
.Alexandria, and was admitted to practice
at the bar of Louisiana on December 5,
1902. He is a member of the law firm of
Hakenyos, Hunter & Scott of Alexandria,
which firm conducts a general law practice.
He is a member of the Rapides Club and
the Alexandria Country Club, and is an
Elk.

GEORGE PURNELL WHITTINGTON
Is a native of Louisiana, born at Alex
andria, Rapides parish, 41 years ago. He
is the son of William W. Whittington and
Emily Walker. His home is at 1930 Polk
street, Alexandria, and he has offices at
403 Guaranty Bank Building in that city.
He secured his education by attending the
public schools of Alexandria and passed
through high school, then attended Tu
lane University for one year. He studied
law with Robert A. Hunter in Alexandria,
and passed the Supreme Court examination
for entrance to the bar at New Orleans on
November 5, 1902, at which time he was
admitted to practice. He now conducts a
general civil law practice. He is one of the
foremost citizens of his community in
civic and social affairs. Is an Elk and be
longs to several clubs and organizations.

BIOGRAPHICAL

103

HORACE HENRY WHITE
Is one of the
leading members
of the bar of Lou
isiana. He was
born 58 years
ago at Opelousas,
Louisiana. He is
the son of Rev.
B. F. White and
Sallie Malone
Wynn. He was
married to Fan
nie Blythe and
has nine children.
His home is at
1801 Lee street,
Alexandria, La.,
and his offices
are at 803 Guar
anty Bank Building, and is senior member
of the well-known law fim of White, Hol
loman & White. He obtained his finished
education at Vanderbilt University and
studied law at that institution (LL.B.,
1887). He was admitted to the bar in
December, 1887. He is one of Alexandria's
prominent and progressive citizens. He is
a Mason, Shriner and Knight Templar, is
an Odd Fellow, is a member of the Rapides
Golf and Country Club and the Chess,
Checkers and Whist Club of New Orleans.

THOMAS WYNN HOLLOMAN
Is a native of
Mississippi, born
at Phoenix in that
state 42 years
ago. He is the
son of Thomas
A. Holloman and
Julia White Hol
loman. He is mar
ried and has one
child. He was
educated at Mill-
saps College,
Mississippi, and at
the University of
Virginia. He was
admitted to prac
tice at the bar
of Mississippi in 1901, and in Louisiana in
1903. He is a member of the well-known
law firm of White, Holloman & White
of Alexandria, which firm conducts a gen
eral practice in civil law. Mr. Hollowman
resides at 1716 Polk Street, and has offi
ces at 803 Guaranty Bank Building in
Alexandria. He is an active member of
several civic and social organizations,
among which are the Community Service
and the Rapides Golf and Country Club,
and he is a Mason and a Woodman of
the World.

NAUMAN STEEL SCOTT
Is a native of Georgia, born at Cave
Springs in that state, on October 3, 1888.
He is the son of Nat G. Scott and Martha
Vivien Favre. He married Sidonie Pro
vosty, and has three children. His home
it at 1144 Barrister street, Alexandria,
Louisiana, and he has offices at 808-814
Guaranty Bank Building in that city, being
a member of the well-known firm of Hak
enyos, Hunter & Scott. He obtained his
finished education at Tulane University,
graduating in 1909 with the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering (C.E.), and in
1912 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws.
He was admitted to the bar of Louisiana
in June, 1912. Mr. Scott is prominent in
civic and social circles of his community
and is a member of the Rapides Club of
Alexandria and the Louisiana Bar As
sociation.

GROVE STAFFORD
Is prominent among the younger members
of the bar of Alexandria, Louisiana. He
is a native of that city, born 26 ypars ago,
and is the son of Leroy A. Stafford and
Bettie Hyams Stafford. He resides at 204
Bolton Avenue in Alexandria, and has of
fices at 311 Guaranty Bank Building in
that city. He received his finished educa
tion at the Louisiana State University,
(A.B. degree), and studied law at the Tu
lane University Law School. He was ad
mitted to the bar of Louisiana in June,
1920. He is junior member of the well-
known lavi/ firm of Hawthorn & Stafford,
who conduct a general practice in law,
and do not specialize in any particular
branch of the profession. Mr. Stafford is
active in civic and social affairs of his
city and is a member of t'ne Sigma Alpha
Epsilon and Phi Delta Phi Fraternities.

ANSIL N. SIMMONS
Is a native of Louisiana, born at Mt. Her
mon, Washington parish, in that state. He
is the son of Wright L. Simmons and Eliza
Miller Simmons, and is 40 years of age.
He married Cora Brock and has seven
children. His present home is Napoleon
ville, where he conducts his law office. He
obtained his education in the country
schools and at the Franklinton High School,
and studied law with Carter & Goodbee
at Franklinton and then took the law
course at Tulane University. He was ad
mitted to the bar of Louisiana on June
1, 1901. He conducts a general practice
in civil law and is junior member of the
well-known firm of Marks, Gilbert &
Simmons of Napoleonville. He is recog
nized as one of the leading members of the
bar in his parish.

104

BIOGRAPHICAL

ORTHER C. MOUTON Is one of the
prominent 1 a w-
yers in Southwest
Louisiana. He was
born in St. Lan
dry parish. La.,
on Oct. 5, 1858,
and is the son of
Charles H. Mou
ton and Celimene
Dupre. His home
is at 1110 St.
John street, and
his office at 111
West Vermilion
street, in Lafay
ette, La. He ob
tained his educa
tion in private
schools and studied law with Conrad De-
baillon. He was admitted to practice at
the bar of Louisiana on July 10, 1880. He
conducts a general law practice and spe
cializes in civil and probate matters. He
is the senior member of the well-known
law firm of Mouton & Debaillon. Mr. Mou
ton, aside from his professional occupa
tions, is active in civic and social affairs of
his community. He is a member of the
Elks and other organizations.

ROUSSEAU VOORHIES
Is one of the
leading lawyers
at the Lafayette
bar and was
born in Lafayette
Louisiana on February 17,
1896. He is the
son of Edward
Voorhles and
Alice Mouton. He
was educated at
St. Charles Col
lege, Grand Co
teau, Louisiana,
at which institu
tion he received
the degree of
Bachelor of
Science, and he studied law at the Loyola
University in New Orleans. He also studied
law v/ith Hon. Dan W. Voorhles, and Judge
Felix Voorhles of St. Martinville, Louisiana,
He was admitted to practice at the bar of
Louisiana on October 4, 1921. He now
conducts a general practice of law and
does not specialize in any one branch of
the profession. Mr. Voorhles is prominent
in civic and social affairs. He is lecturing
Knight of the Elks Club, a member of the
Knights of Columbus, the American Le
gion and United States Reserve Officers'
Club.

CALVIN WURZLOW Is City Attorney
of the city of
Houma, La., and
was born in that
city 52 years ago.
He is the son of
August Wurzlow
and Emeline Be-
langer. He was
married to Marie
Louise Silvestre
and has three
daughters. H i s
home is at 424
Church St., Hou
ma, and his of
fice at 314 East
Main street, in
that city. Mr.
Wurzlow obtained his education in the pub
lic schools of his native city and he studied
law with Lucius F. Suthon. He was ad
mitted to practice at the bar of Louisiana
in 1904. He conducts a general law prac
tice and does not specialize. He is a mem
ber of the firm of Butler & Wurlow. He
was mayor of Houma from 1908 to 1916,
having been elected four times, during
which time great civic improvements were
inaugurated, a municipal water and light
plant was installed, miles of cement side
walks built, fire department organized;
garbage system installed, railroad facili
ties and freight rates improved, telegraph
installed, Houma-New Orleans road started
and inter-costal canal advocated. He is
the president of the Rotary Club of that
city and chairman Parish Democratic Exec-
tive Committee. He is a leader in civic
and social affairs in his community.

DANIEL DEBAILLON,
Junior member of the well-known law firm
of Mouton & Debaillon of Lafayette, La.,
was born in that city September 6, 1887.
He is the son of Conrad Debaillon and
Louise C. Mouton. He married Mary
Swords and makes his home in Lafayette.
Mr. Debaillon obtained his education at
Jefferson College, St. James parish, Louis
iana, and afterwards studied law with Or-
ther C. Mouton at Lafayette, La. He was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana on De
cember 14, 1914. He conducts a general
practice of ci-vil law and does not special
ize in any one branch of the profession.
He is sought for ad-vice in many civic mat
ters and lends his assistance to any move
ment which is for the good of the com
munity.

BIOGRAPHICAL

105

JOHN LEWIS KENNEDY Was born in La
fayette, La., 45
years ago. He is
the son of Col. H.
A. Kennedy and
Elizabeth Rich
ardson Kennedy.
He makes his na
tive city his home
and conducts a
general law busi
ness, not special
izing in any par
ticular branch of
the profession.
He received his
early'educationin
the New Orleans
public schools and
finished at the Tulane University. He
graduated from that institution as vale
dictorian of the law class. He was admit
ted to the bar after graduation. Mr. Ken
nedy is a member of the Methodist Church
and he is a leader in civic matters in his
community. He is a member of the Elks'
Lodge and of the Woodmen of the World.
He has gained an enviable reputation as
a skillful and successful lawyer.

ALDEN TOWNSEND SHOTWELL
Is one of the suc
cessful lawyers of
North Louisiana.
He was born at
Monroe, La., 28
years ago and is
the son of Robert
A. Shotwell and
Francesca C.
Shotwell. He mar
ried Pauline P.
Shotwell and has
one child. He has
his home in his
native city and
offices at 237 V2
De Siard street,
Monroe. His edu
cation was gained
in the grammar schools of Monroe and in
the high school at Fort Smith, Ark., and
the Monroe High School. He studied law
-with John M. Munholland in Monroe and
was admitted to the bar of Louisiana on
October 3, 1916. He is junior member of
the law firm of Randle & Shotwell, one of
the prominent law firms in North Louisi
ana, and who conduct a general law prac
tice, and are closely identified with the
gas and carbon black business of the Mon
roe gas field. He is also active in civic
and social affairs of his city.

PERRY THOMPSON OGDEN,
District Attorney
for parishes of
Acadia and La
fayette, serving
his second term
in office, is a na
tive of Louisiana,
born at Opelou
sas. He is 43
years ol age and
the son of John
Nicholson Ogden
and Celestine Mi
nerva Thompson.
His home is at
Crowley, La., and
his office in the
Court House in
that city. He ob
tained his early education in private schools
at Opelousas and finished at Tulane Uni
versity in New Orleans. He studied law
in the office of his father at Opelousas and
was admitted to the bar in 1899. Although
acting as District Attorney, Mr. Ogden also
conducts a general practice in civil law. He
is also active in civic and social affairs and
is a member of the order of Elks. He is
a member of the State Democratic Com
mittee from the Seventh Congressional Dis
trict of Louisiana, and Chairman of the
Supreme Court Democratic Executive Com
mittee from the Supreme Court district in
which he resides. He attended the National
Democratic Convention as a delegate from
Louisiana at San Francisco in 1920, and
was named as Vice-Chairman of the Louisi
ana delegation.

PAUL DEBAILLON,
A prominent young lawyer in Southwest
Louisiana, was born 32 years ago in La
fayette, Louisiana, and is the son of Con
rad Debaillon and Louise C. Mouton. He
is affiliated in practice in Lafayette with
Edward Meaux under the firm name ol De
baillon & Meaux, which firms conducts
a general law practice. Mr. Debaillon was
educated at Jefferson College, Convent,
Louisiana, from which institution he re
ceived the B.A. degree in 1909, and from
1909 to 1919 taught in that school. He
studied law with Orther C. Mouton and
Dan Debaillon in Lafayette and was ad
mitted to the bar of Louisiana June 5,
1922. He is active in civic and social
affairs of his community, being a Roman
Catholic, a member of the Elks and the
Knights of Columbus.

106

BIOGRAPHICAL

ROBERT O. RANDLE, One of the prom
inent lawyers at
the Monroe bar,
is the son of Rev.
Robert Randle
and Pauline Glass
Randle. He was
born at Mans
field, Louisiana,
and is 42 years
of age. His pres
ent home is in
Monroe and he
has offices at
2371/2 De Siard
street in that city.
He is the senior
member of the
firm of Randle &
Shotv/ell. He was educated at the Cen
tenary College, graduating from that insti
tution in June, 1901, with A.B. degree.
He studied law with Judge R. R. Reid of
Amite City, La., and later attended the
Tulane University Law School, graduating
in May, 1905, with the degree of LL.B.
He was admitted to the bar in JMay, 1905.
He is a member of the Methodist Episco
pal Church, is a i\lason and belongs to the
Kiwanis Club and Lotus Club of INIonroe.

HUGH MAXWELL WALLIS, JR.
Judge of the 20th
Judicial District
Court, is a native
of Louisiana, b;)in
at Gibson, Terre
bonne parish, on
July 20, 1863. He
is the son of Dr.
Hugh Maxwell
Waliis and Mary
Howard Price.
He married Syl
via E. Briant and
has one daughter.
His home is at
630 Verret St.,
Houma, La., and
he has his office
at 312 Church St.
in that city. Judge Wallis secured his edu
cation in private and public schools of
Terrebonne parish. He afterwards studied
law with Hon. Tobias Gibson of Houma,
and he was admitted to the bar at Opelous
as, Louisiana, on July 9, 1887. When in
practice he did not specialize in any one
branch of the law, but conducted a general
practice. He was first elected to the bench
on January 15, 1918, to fill the unexpired
term of Judge W. E. Howell, resigned. He
was re-elected November 2, 1920, for a
term of four years, in both instances with
out opposition.

P L. FERGUSON One of the lead
ing lawyers of
West Louisiana,
was born at
Orange, Texas,
and is 35 years
old. Is the son
of L. P. Fergu
son, Sr., and Mat-
tie Stark Fergu
son. He married
Lucie Rose Bland
and has three
children. H i s
present home is
in Leesville, Lou
isiana, where he
conducts a gen
eral practice of
law. He is the senior member of the fi.m of
Ferguson & Jones, which firm conducts an
office in DeRidder, Louisiana. Mr. Fergu
son was educated at Peacock Military
Academy, San Antonio, Texas, and at Lou
isiana State University at Baton Rouge,
Louisiana, studying law at the latter in
stitution. He was admitted to the bar of
Louisiana on April 10, 1911. He is a
member of the Masons, Elks and college
fraternity Pi Kappa Alpha. He was a
member of the State Legislature in 1912,
a delegate to the National Democratic Con
vention at Baltimore from the Seventh
Congressional District of Louisiana in
1912, and served as District Attorney in
the twelfth Judicial District in 1920.

ROBERT ELDRIDGE BRUMBY
Was born at Marietta, Ga., 38 years ago,
and is the son of Thomas M. Brumby and
Maria Luia Brumby. His present home is
in Franklin, Louisiana. He is junior mem
ber of the firm of Caffery & Brumby of
that city, which firm conducts a civil law
business exelu-ively. Mr. Brumby gained
his education in the public and high schools
of Marietta, Ga., and is a graduate of Tu
lane University, A.B. 1905 and LL.B. 1907.
He was admitted to the bar May 30, 1907.
He is a member of the Franklin Methodist
Episcopal Church, a Mason, a member of
Franklin Lodge, No. 57, F. & A. M. ; Cyrus
Chapter, No. 12, R. A. M.; Calvary Com
mandery, No. 15, K. T., New Orleans Con
sistory, A. and A. S. R. He is also a mem
ber of the Elks and is one of the leading-
men in civic matters in his community.

BIOGRAPHICAL

107

H. FLOOD MADISON Was born at Oak
Ridge, Morehouse
parish, Louisiana,
May 25th, 1864,
and is the son of
John F. Madison
and Mrs. Susan
C. Madison. His
oresent address is
Bastrop, Louisi
ana, and he has
offices in this
same place. Mr.
Madison obtained
his education at
Hamburg High
School, Hamburg,
Ark., graduating
from Mississippi
College, Clinton, Mississippi, in 1888, and
from the Law Department of Tulane Uni
versity, New Orleans, in 1891, and was
admitted to the bar in May, 1891. He
studied law with his brother, Judge J. P.
Madison. Mr. Madison married Mrs. Geo.
F. Madison and has five children. He spe
cializes in the practice of civil law, par
ticularly land law, successions and corpo
rations. He was a member of the Con
stitutional Conventions of 1913 and 1921.
Is a member of the firm of Madison &
Madison, organized in 1891, at that time
consisting of Judge J. P. Madison and H.
Flood Madison. His sons were admitied
to the firm, George T. Madison, in 1921,
and H. F. Madison, Jr., in 1922.

ALBIN PROVOSTY,
Born fifty-seven
years ago in the
State of Louisi
ana, son of Au
guste Provosty
and Eliska Labry,
is one of the
prominent mem
bers of the Louis
iana bar. His res
idence is New
Roads, La., at
which place his
law offices are
located. Mr. Pro-
V o s t y married
Miss Adele
Ledoux January
5, 1891, and has
eight children. Was admitted to the
on May 15, 1886, and has been speci
ing in the practice of corporation law
studied law with Olivier Provosty and
acquired a large general practice thro
out the state of Louisiana.

bar
aliz-
. He
has
ug'h-

L. O. PECOT
Is recognized as one of the leading mem
bers of the Louisiana bar in Southwest
Louisiana. He is the son of Dr. L. F.
Pecot and Olympe Bienvenu, and was born
at Charenton, St. Mary parish, on Feb
ruary 27, 1885. He obtained his education
at Jefferson College, Convent, Louisiana,
graduating from that institution in June,
1904, with A.B. degree. His early educa
tion was obtained in private and public
schools of his native town. In October,
1904, he entered the law office of Donel
son Caffery and Son, where he studied law
until March, 1907. He took the examina
tion for the bar before the Supreme Court
and was admitted to practice March 5,1907.
He conducts a general practice and has of
fices in Franklin, Louisiana. He has been
a member of the Louisiana legislature and
was a delegate to the Louisiana Constitu
tional Convention in 1921. He is a Knig'nt
of Columbus and an Elk.

GEORGE WESLEY SMITH
Is recognized as
one of the lead
ing members of
the bar at Ray-
ville, Louisiana.
Mr. Smith was
born in Vermil
ion county, Illi-
nois, the son
of Fielding Z.
Smith and Mary
Hoffman Michael
Smith. His pres
ent home address
is at Rayville, in
which town he
has offices. His
education was ob
tained at the pub
lic schools, and he studied law with Judge
R. O. Lovett. In 1899 Mr. Smith was ad
mitted to the Louisiana bar. He is an
Episcopalian in religion and does not spe
cialize in any particular branch of law,
but enjoys a large general practice.

PHILIP SIDNEY PUGH
Is a native of Louisiana, born in Assump
tion parish, Louisiana, on November 19,
1861, the son of William W. Pugh and
Josephine Nicholls. Mr. Pugh married
Miss Carrie Goode, and has four children.
He was married February 16, 1889. His
present residence is at Crowley, La., with
offices at the same address. Mr. Pugh ob
tained his education at the Louisiana State .
University and graduated in law at Tulane
University, being admitted to the bar in
1885. He is a member of the Elks, K. of
P., Odd Fellows, Louisiana Bar Association,
and other social and civic organizations.

108

BIOGRAPHICAL

J. H. HEINEN
Is one of the
leading members
of the bar at Jen
nings, Louisiana.
He is a native of
Iowa, born at
Raymond in that
state, and is the
son o f Henry
Heinen and
Annis S .
Brock. He is 55
years of age. His
education w a s
gained i n the
public schools
and colleges in
Iowa, and he
studied law with
Hon. F. M. Vv^illiams in Iowa Falls, Iowa.
He was admitted to practice in 1899 in
Iowa and in Louisiana in 1903. He con
ducts a general law business and does not
specialize in any one branch of the pro
fession. Mr. Heinen is prominent in civic
and political matters in his community.
He was a member of the House of Rep
resentatives, Louisiana Legislature, 1920-
1924. Was a member of the Louisiana Con
stitutional Convention in 1921 and is Vice-
president of the Calcasieu National Bank
of Southwest Louisiana.

CHARLES JAHLEAL BOATNER
Wasbornin Monroe, Ouachi
ta Parish, Louisi
ana, 40 years ago
and is the son of
Charles Jahleal
Boatner and
Frances Rowena
Hayo. His pres
ent residence is
Franklin, St.
Mary Parish,
Louisiana, where
he conducts his
law practice. He
attended public
and private
schools in his
early years and
afterwards Rug
by Academy, Tulane University and Tu
lane Law School. He read law in the
office of late Senator Murphy J. Foster
and Robert E. Milling at Franklin, La.
He was admitted to the bar Jan. 1, 1907.
He conducts a general practice of law, is a
member of the Episcopal Church and be
longs to the Elks' lodge. He is prominent
in civic matters in this section of the state
and is numbered among the progressive
element.

JOHN DALE Born November
6, 1859 in Con
cordia Parish,
Louisiana, and
son of William
Dale and Christ
iana (Langley)
Dale. He worked
on a farm in boy
hood and attend
ed the public
schools of Con
cordia Parish,
Louisiana and
Jeflferson College,
Mississippi. He
studied law with
J. N. Luce and
graduated from
Tulane University in 1886, being admitted
to the bar of Louisiana the same year, and
began the practice of law at Vidalia, his
present residence. When a young man he
taught school and then ran a country store.
He became Town Clerk of Vidalia in 1889,
and in 1893 was elected Mayor. From
1900 to 1908 he represented his parish
in the State Legislature. In 1904 he or
ganized the Vidalia Bank and Trust Co.,
of which institution he is now President.
He was again Mayor of Vidalia from 1910
to 1912. He has been president of his
Parish School Board since 1914, is a 32nd
degree Mason and a Shriner. Mr. Dale is
now a member of the law firm of Dale,
Young & Dale, with offices at Vidalia
and St. Joseph, Louisiana.

ROBERT M. McGEHEE
Is the son of Edward L. McGehee and
Anna Webb McGehee. He was born on
December 14, 1888, in Woodville, Wilkin
son county, Mississippi. He was married
June 25, 1914, to Mattie Low Hamilton,
and he has three children. He has his
home in Hammond, Louisiana, with of
fices in the Ozone Building. He received
his education at Tulane University (aca
demic course, and Louisiana State Univer
sity (law course). He was admitted to the
bar on June 5, 1914. He conducts a gen
eral law practice, specializing in civil cor
poration law, estates and land titles. He
is not affiliated with any other lawyer in
business. Mr. McGehee is known as one
of the progressive lawyers of the Florida
parishes. He is a Mason, Knight of
Pythias, Woodman, Benevolent Knight of
America, and belongs to several college
fraternities. He is City Judge of Ham
mond and an ex-member of the state legis
lature.

BIOGRAPHICAL

109

J. W. ELDER
Prominent in civ
ic and political
circles in North
Louisiana, is a
native of Texas,
born at Dallas in
that State 39
years ago, the
son of J. F.
Elder and A. E.
Elder. His home
is in Farmer-
ville, Louisiana,
where he con
ducts a general
law practice, be
ing senior mem
ber of the law
firm of Elder &
Digby. Mr. Elder
was educated in the Baylor University,
Waco, Texas, and he studied law with J.
B. Hobstead in Ruston, Louisiana, and was
admitted to the bar of Louisiana in 1904.
He was honored by the electors of his con
gressional district and served as a mem
ber of the 63rd Congress. He also served
from his district as a member of the Lou
isiana Senate, 1908 to 1912. He is a
member of the Masons and enrolled as a
member of the Shrine, in Jerusalem Tem
ple, New Orleans.

WILLIAM JETER CARMOUCHE Is a well-known
lawyer in south-
e r n Louisiana,
being a member
of the firm of
Smith and Car-
mouche of Crow
ley, Louisiana.
He is a native
of Louisiana,
born in St. Lan
dry parish, near
Palmetto P. O.,
and is the son of
Captain Emile A.
Carmouche and
Annie Tinsley
Jeter. His pres
ent home is 306
East 2d St., Crowley La., and he has offi
ces in the Masonic Temple in that city. Mr.
Carmouche gained his early education at
the St. Stanislaus College, Bay St. Louis,
Miss., and studied law at Tulane University
graduating with the class of 1902. He
was admitted to the bar April 18, 1902.
He conducts a general law practice and
specializes in land titles and insurance.
He devotes some time to social and civic
interests and is a member of the Chess,
Checkers and Whist Club of New Orleans.

BOLIVAR E. KEMP
Is the son of
William Breed
Kemp and Eliza-
beth Nesom
Kemp and was
born in St. Hel
ena parish, Lou
isiana, 50 years
ago. Mr. Kemp
resides at Amite,
Louisiana, at
which place his
offices are located.
He was educated
at Louisiana
State University
and Tulane Uni
versity, graduat
ing in law from
the latter and being admitted to the bar
in 1897. He married Mrs. Lallie Conner
Kemp and has two children, a son eight
een years of age and a daughter thirteen
years. Mr. Kemp is quite active in social
affairs and is a member of the Boston Club
and Chess, Checkers and Whist Club, of
New Orleans. He specializes in the prac
tice of civil law and is senior member of
the firm of Kemp & Buck, composed of
Bolivar E. Kemp and Carroll Buck.

LEWIS LOVERING MORGAN
Is one of the
leading lawyers
at the St. Tam
many parish bar,
and is a native of
that parish, born
a t Mandeville,
La., on March 2,
1876. He is the
son of David B.
Morgan and Eliz
abeth E. Lever
ing. His home is
in Covington, La.
On June 7, 1904,
he married Leo
nora Cefalu and
he has two chil
dren. His educa
tion was gained at St. Eugene College,
Mandeville, Louisiana, and at Tulane Uni
versity. He was admitted to the bar of
Louisiana in 1899. He conducts a general
practice of law and does not specialize
in any one branch of the profession. He
has an extensive practice and is recognized
as one of the successful lawyers in his
section of the state. He also takes an
active interest in civic and social affairs
and is a leader in any progressive move
ment.

110

BIOGRAPHICAL

R. H. OLIVER
Is one of the prominent attorneys of the
bar of Monroe, Louisiana, having offices

in the Central Bank Building in that city.
Mr. Oliver conducts a general practice of
law.

R. A. HUNTER
Is one of the prominent younger lawyers
of Shreveport, Louisiana, having offices at
912-13 Merchants Building, that city. Mr.
Hunter enjoys a large general practice, and
gives promise of becoming one of the lead
ing lawyers at the bar of Louiiana.

H. L. LANDFRIED
Is one of the well-known attorneys of New
Orleans, having served as .Assistant Dis
trict Attorney for the Parish of Orleans,
under Chandler C. Luzenberg, during the
last administration. Mr. Landfried con
ducts a general practice of law, having of
fices in the Canal-Commercial Bank Build
ing, New Orleans, La.

JOHN C. DAVEY,
Admitted to the bar in 1899, appointed
a Notary Public in 1901. From 1906 to
1917 a member of the firm of Dinkelspiel,
Hart & Davey. Elected to the State Sen
ate in 1912, 1916 and 1920. Member of
the Louisiana Bac Association and Ameri
can Bar Association.

J. FRED ODOM
District Attorney for the Parish of East
Baton Rouge, having offices at 45-7 Rey
mond Bu.lding, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Mr. Odom is one of the most prominent
and popular attorneys-at-law in the Baton
Rouge district. In private life he con
ducts a general practice, and enjoys a large
clientele.

COLUMBUS REID
Is a native of Louisiana, born in Amite,
La., thirty-nine years ago, and is the son
of Robert R. Reid and Eva (Seymour)
Reid. His home address is Amite, at which
place he also has offices. He was elected
Judge of the 25th Judicial District of Lou
isiana in 1920, and he is now serving on the
Civil Bench of New Orleans under special
appointment of the Supreme Court of
Louisiana on October 15, 1921. Judge
Reid obtained his education at Louisiana
State University, at which institution he
received his degree of A. B. in 1904. He
was graduated from Tulane Law Depart
ment in 1906 and was admitted to the bar
May 17, 1906. He married Miss Hope
Bidez and has three children.

A. P. PUJO
One of the best known lawyers in south
west Louisiana, is senior member of the
firm of Pujo & Bell, with offices at 702 Vi

Ryan street. Lake Charles, Louisiana,
where they conduct a general practice of
law. Mr. Pujo is one of the leading Dem
ocrats of the state.

C. A. BUCHLER
Ts District Attorney of Jefferson Parish,
Louisiana, and one of the best known law-
years in the parish. Mr. Buchler main
tains offices in Gretna, the parish seat.

JACOB D. DRESNER
'Vith offices at 708 Tulane-Newcomb Build
ing, is one of the progressive attorneys of
New Orleans. He does not specialize in
any particular branch of law, but conducts
a general practice. His residence is at No.
3419 Prytania street.

BIOGRAPHICAL

111

AMOS L. PONDER
Is junior member of the well-known firm
of Ponder & Ponder, with offices at Amite,
Louisiana. Mr. Ponder is a leader in poli
tics in his section and well known through
out the state. He conducts a general law
practice and his friends are legion.

LEANDER H. PEREZ
Judge of the Twenty-Fiftfh Judicial Dis
trict, is one of the most prominent attor
neys in this section. Mr. Perez maintains
offices at No. 1015 Maison Blanche Build
ing, and resides at No. 360 Pine Street,
New Orleans, La.

J. STUDEBAKER LUCAS
One of the well-known attorneys of New
Orleans, Louisiana, conducts a general
practice, with offices in the Carondelet
Building. His residence is at 1834 Upper-
line street.

J. A. WILLIAMS
Is senior member of the law firm of Wil
liams & Williams, of Lake Charles, Lou
isiana, with offices at Nos. 12-14 Von Phul
& Gordon Building, that city, where they
conduct a general law practice.

PAUL M. LAMBREMONT
Is a member of the well-known firm of
Guion & Lambremont, with offices at No.
617 Godchaux Building. Mr. Lambremont
is well-known throughout the state, having
served as Lieutenant-Governor during the
Sanders administration. He resides at No.
912 North Solomon Place, New Orleans, La.

J. D. BARKSDALE
Is one of the prominent lawyers of Shreve
port, Louisiana, having offices at No. 525%
Market street. He does not specialize in
any particular branch of law, but conducts
a general practice.

J. O. BOUANCHAUD
Is a member of the well-known firm of
lawyers, Bouanchaud, Kearney & Bouan-
chaud of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, with of
fices in the Reymond Building in that city,
doing a general and extensive practice.

C. J. FREDERICK
One of the well-known lawyers of the
Ozone Belt, conducts a general practice of
law, with offices at Covington, Louisiana.

112

BIOGRAPHICAL

GEORGE P. LESSLEY
One of the well-known attorneys of the
Parish of Lafayette, conducts a general
practice of law, with offices at Lafayette,
Louisiana.

PAUL KRAMER
Prominent attorney of St. Mary Parish,
with offices at Franklin, Louisiana.
Mr. Kramer does not specialize in any par
ticular branch of law, but conducts a gen
eral practice.

K. V. RICHARD
Well-known attorney of New Orleans, has
offices at 140 Carondelet street, where he
conducts a general practice of law. His
residence is at 29 Audubon Boulevard.

EDWIN F. MARKS
Well known as an attorney of New Orleans,
Louisiana, conducts a general law practice,
with offices at 531 Hibernia Bank Build
ing. His residence is at 1519 Audubon
street.

CALEB CUSHING WEBER
Is one of the leading younger lawyers of
Ascension Parish. Mr. Weber conducts a
general practice of law, with offices in
Donaldsonville, La.

JAS. D. WOMACK
Well-known attorney and notary of Baton
Rouge, Louisiana. Mr. Womack conducts
a general practice of law, with offices in
the Singletary Building. His home address
is 1930 North street.

W. D. GOFF
Is one of the best known and most popu
lar lawyers of Bienville Parish, Louisiana,
having been elected District Attorney of
that parish. He has offices at Arcadia,
Louisiana, being senior member of the well-
known firm of Goff & Barnett, conducting
a general practice of law, with a large and
growing clientele.

J. A. O. COIGNET
Is District Attorney of Lafourche Parish,.
-with offices at Thibodaux, Louisiana. Prior
to his election as District Attorney, he en
joyed a large general practice.

INDEX

Adams, St. Clair  47
Alba, Louis R  79
Atkinson, J. S  88

B
Bailey, J. J  97
Baldwin, Cuthbert S  78
Barksdale, J. D  111
Barnett, Herman L  61
Barnett, S. R  85
Barrow, W. M  98
Bell, U. A  98
Bell, Wm. A  79
Benedict, Percy S  70
Blackman, John C  101
Blanchard F. A  87
Blish, Chas. H  92
Boatner, Chas. J  108
Boatner, Mark M  51
Boatner, Yandell  87
Bodet, L. G  70
Bond, Nat W  84
Bonomo, A. J  66
Borie, Fabian W  80
Boswell, Gordon  59
Bouanchaud, J. 0  111
Breazeale, H. Payne  96
Breaux, Joseph A  83
Brian, Alexis  58
Brodtman, Edward C  84
Browne, E. Wayles  90
Browne, Percy N  90
Brumby, Robert E  106
Bryant, Louis P. Jr  59
Buchler, C. A  110
Buckmann A. M  51
Bullock, Otis W  89
Burke, Ulic J  76
Burns, L. H  77
Byrne, Chas. A  51
Byrnes, Wm. H  55

Callan, Nicholas  52
Campbell, B. A  73
Carbajal, N. G  85
Carmouche, W. J  109
Carter, Howell Jr  49
Charbonnet, J. A  83
Charbonnet Loys  77
Cline, Chas R  98
Cline, Jerry  99
Coignet, J. A. O  112
Collins, Conrad G  84
Conkerton, Wm. F  81
Connors, Maurice  80
Convery, .Jno. T  73
Conzelmann, Ernest M  53

Cooke, Nat W  85
Cooper, A. W  57
Cotonio, Theo  86
Crane, Chas. F  87
Craven, Thomas V  60
D
Dale, John  108
Dart, Ben. W  48
Dart, H. P. Sr  46
Dart, H. P. Jr  47
Dart, John  47
Davey, John C  110
d'Avricourt, J. K  79
Dawkins, Ben C  45
Debaillon, D  104
Debaillon, Paul  105
Denechaud, Chas. I  72
Dimitry, Thos. D  83
Dobbins, Thos. J  65
Douglas, Roydan Mrs  59
Dowling, Richard  66
Doyle, Frank Thos  60
Dresner, J. D  110
Dunbar, Chas  65
E
Elder, J. W  109
F
Fayssoux, Wm. McL  58
Ferguson P. L  106
Files, John B  87
Fletchinger, Chas. F  66
Fleury, Jno. E  57
Fortier, J. J. A  81
Foster, J. M  88
Frederick, C. J  111
Friedrichs, C. C  68
Furlow, Thos. E  69
G
Gamble, Harry P  62
Gaudet, J. K  53
Gayle, E. F  100
Ginsberg, Geo. J  101
Goff, W. D  112
Greer, F. E  93
Guedry, Louis C  47
Guion, Geo. Seth  56
Guion, Walter  58
Gulotta, Geo. J  81
Guste, Wm. J  61
H
Hackenyos, Louis J  101
Hammond, Arthur B  64
Hart, Frank W  63

INDEX-Continued

Haspel, Edward  78
Hawkins, Griffin T., Jr  99
Hawthorne, J. W  101
Hayford, Eugene S  76
Heard, M. W. . . ._  .. 52
Heinen, J. H    108
Heines, Percy J  46
Helmecke, C. F  75
Hennessey, W. J  -.  74
Henriques, James C  i  60
Henry, Burt W  57
Herndon, E. B  ... _  93
Hero, Wm. S  73
Herold, Sidney Levy  89
Hertz, Niels F  74
Higgins, A. T  64
Himes, L. A  97
Holcombe, Chas. A  96
Holloman, Thos. W  103
Holmes, W. C  ... . .-. 88
Hoover, L. R  56
Howell, Roland B  54
Howell, W. E  5 1
Hunter, John R   102
Hunter, R. A  . .  .. 110

I
Indest, Robert L, A   77
Irwin, M. M  70

Jackson, J. J 
Janvier, George 
Johnson, Claude L .
Jones, W. Carruth.

85 5672
96

Kaiser, Herbert W  71
Kammer Al. C  74
Kaufman, Ehas R  100
Keeney, A. D ...  95
Kemp, Boliver E  109
Kennedy, Jno. L  105
Kernan, Ben. W  46
King, Alvin O  99
Kittredge, Ivy G  86
Klotz, John A  46
Kramer, P  112
Kranz, Martin E  84
Krieger, Frank P  59
L
Lambremont, Paul M  111
Land, John Rutherford  44
Landfried, H. L  110
Lazarus, Eldon S  49
LeCompte, Morris L  76
LeCourt, W. Frank  83
Lee, Elmo P  91

Lessley, Geo. P  112
Lewis, C. Huffman  93
Lewis, Walter S  68
Livaudais, Oliver S  76
Llambias, Gustave A  53
Loeber, Florence Miss  58
Looney, Frank J  -  89
Lucas, Studebaker J  111
Lyons, C. H     94

M
Macaluso, Chas. V  ''^3
Madison, H. Flood  107
Magne, Frank W   '?2
Mahoney, Edwin I   82
Maloney, Paul W  79
Manion, Martin H  71
Martin, Sigur  74
Marx, E. F  112
Merrick, Edwin T   81
Meunier, Roger --  51
Meyer, Conrad Jr   75
Miller, John D  77
Monroe, Frank A   52
Monroe, J. Blanc    52
Montgomery, George  85
Morales, J. O   - -- 65
Morgan Cecil    91
Morgan, L. L  109
Moulin, Albert E  75
Mouton, Orther C  104
Murphy, Daniel J  - -  85

Mc
McBride, R. T  ...  82
McCIoskey, Bernard  70
McCIoskey, John J  70
McCoy, Chas. A  101
McDermott, Stanley  79
McEnerny, Harry Jr  55
McGee, J. C  64
McGehee, Robert  108
McGiehan, Theo. H  55

N

Nix, Jno. D  -
Nosacka, George P.

6255

o

Odom, J. F   110
Ogden, Percy T   105
Oliver, R. H  110
Orchard, W. C  68
Overton, John H  102
Overton, Winston   44
O'Connor, J. C  86
O'Donnel, Alexander C  60
O'Niell, Chas. A  44

INDEX-Continued

P
Pecot, L. O  107
Perez, John R  54
Perez, Leander H  111
Peters, A. J  67
Peters, J. J. Jr  92
Phelps, Esmond  65
Pickrel, Mark C  100
Pierson, J. F  72
Piatt, Geo. P  68
Plauche, S. W  100
Poncet, Warren M  80
Ponder, Amos L  111
Porteous, Wm. A. Jr  53
Porter, Chas. V., Jr  96
Porter, Thos. F. Jr  99
Provosty, Albin  107
Provosty, Oliver O  44
Proweli, John T  69
Pugh, John T  93
Pugh, Philip S  107
Puig, Felix J  75
Pujo, A. P  110
Q
Querens, F. C  67
Quintero, J. Marshall  63
R
Randle, Robert O  106
Randolph, E. H  88
Redmann, Morris B  81
Reid, Columbus  110
Reid, Robert R  45
Richard, K. V  112
Richey, S. L  102
Robertson, Thos. W  90
Robin, Ernest J  72
Rogers, Wynne G  45
Rooney, M. H  78
s
St. Paul, John  44
St. Paul, John Jr  71
Samuels, David B  95
Sanders, J. Y  78
Sanders, J. Y. Jr  98
Saunders, Eugene D  78
Schaumburger, Max M  64
Schreiber, Oscar  80
Schwarz, Ralph, J  61
Scott, Nauman Steele  101
Seeber, Wm. V  67
Sessler, David  63
Shotwell Alden T  105
Simmons, A. N  103
Sinai, Joseph  60
Skinner, Robert J  67
Slattery, John F  89
Smith, Alex F  90
Smith, George Wessley  10 i
Smith, Marion K  91
Smith, Mason W. Jr  61

Smitherman, J. E  95
Sompayrac, Paul A  56
Spearing, J. Zach  50
Stafford, E. M  48
Stafford, Grove  103
Stich, Prank J  51
Story, Hampden  92
Sullivan, John P  63
Swords, Alex.W  62
Sources of the Civil Code of
Louisiana  8-43

Taylor, Ben. B  97
Thalheim, Andrew H  69
Theard, Delvaille H  80
Thilborger, E. J   .. .. 69
Titche, Bernard  82
Tobin, John F  . 86
Tucker, J. H  95

U
Untereiner, George J ..

62

Vidrine, Eraste  73
Viosca, Percy P  .-  - 83
Viosca, Rene A    .- 78
Voorhles, Rousseau  . . . 104
Vorbusch, R. O  68
w
Wagner, John —  66
Waguespack, H. W  49
Waguespack, Rene J  75
Waguespack, W. J  50
Waguespack, W. J. Jr  49
Wall, I. D  97
Wallace, G. M  94
Wallace, W. M  94
Walhs, H. M. Jr   106
Walmsley, T. S   56
Warren, Howard B  91
Watson, Warren 0   98
Webb, R. D  91
Weber, C. C   112
Wedig, Walter G  82
Weil, Herbert S  48
Weiss, Sol-  50
Wendiing, Daniel   48
Westerfield, Wm. W  57
White, R. F   102
White, H. H -. -  103
Whittington, G. Purnell  102
Wilkinson, Hugh M  57
Wilkinson, W. S  92
Williams, J. A  111
Womack, J. D  112
Wortham, Chas. T  54
Wulff, Fred A  71
Wurzlow, Calvin  104

Yarrut, Louis H

50

Compiled and Published By
William M. Deacon
New Orleans, La.

PHOTOGRAPHS BY
C. BENNETTE MOORE
New Orleans, La.

DICKESON STUDIO
Shreveport, La.

NORMAN STUDIO
Lake Charles, La.

YANCY STUDIO
Alexandria, La.

PRINTED BY THE
COX PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO.
New Orleans, La.
.¦38

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 9002 02441 6027

w^sml

i«SS¥:S«!;fM;!SHS?!i;j?«iasK^

-^SSQsSi coax N