Yale University Library 39002015077309 Irffln: ImH! mmi ¦«'{;,*? i •IPS'. :'A)r Mk> im ¦i-r-'T.'-. ^.;.. ,. i%i,S^f W' I I YALE UNIVERSITY I LIBRARY cy^, ^i^y^^c^^r^^^t^ A Hundred Battles IN THE W^EST. ST. LOUIS TO ATLANTA, 1861-65. The Second Michigan Cavalry WItH THE ARMIES OF THE MISSISSIPPI, OHIO, KENTUCKY AND CUMBERLAND, UNDER GENERALS HALLECK, SHERMAN, POPE, ROSECRANS, THOMAS AND OTHERS; WITH MENTION OF A FE-W OF THE FAMOUS REGIMENTS AND BRI GADES OF THE -WEST. BY CAPTAIN MARSHALL P. THATCHER, •CO. "B," SECOND MICHIGAN OAVALBY; AID TO GEN. P. H. SHEBIDAN. ILLUSTRATED. DETROIT, MICH.: PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR. 1884. Copyright, 1884. M. P. THATCHER- DETROIT: L. r. KiLROY, Printer, 187 Jefferson Aye. PREFACE. "All are but parts of one stupendous whole," and it is with the hope that this very small part of the history of our beloved country will find a place in the hearts of not a few, that it is sent out into the world, craving indulgence for imperfections,. and justice if merit is discovered. This work was begun as a history of the Second Regiment of Michigan Cavalry, a regiment that started from an obscure posi tion in the regular army Gordon Granger toward a major-gen eralship and Philip Henry Sheridan to the proud position of the brightest military genius of the age in which he won his stars. As the work of searching the records begun, it was found im possible to limit the writings to the doings of one regiment, and so you have here a partial history (written impartially) of the war of 1861-5. General Logan truthfully said "the full history of the Great Rebellion will never be known until every regiment and every company has been heard from. " Official and private records have yielded up their treasures freely, and have been carefully compared and revised with the writer's own journal as the groundwork. There was no need of fiction, for truth was stranger far, in every instance worth re cording. Nor has this been written to glorify anyone; and it can be read in the knowledge of one fact — the writer was practically an outside witness, serving most of the time as a staff officer, near VUl PEBPACE. his regiment, and usually in the same brigade or division ; and therefore while he writes principally of what passed before his eyes, he was not always among the most active partakers in the incidents here narrated, and is not, therefore, in any sense writ ing of himself. Lieutenant Edwin Hoyt, Jr., who served first as sergeant-ma jor and later as adjutant, and still later as assistant adjutant-geii- eral to the brigade commander, has kindly furnished many facts, and his judgment as a clear-headed chronicler, unprejudiced by regimental pride, is recognized, and appreciated. It has been found simply impossible to separate the record of this regiment from that of others, since it has been shown that by the character of their arms they were constantly brought into contact with every branch of the service, and their history is blended with each and all of them. It may appear to the most active participants in this regiment's history, that this record is too moderate. Adjutant-General Robertson says "that was always a fault of your historian, when an occasional war correspondent; he did not 'blow' as others would have done." Let others judge. To the nervous reader, a word. The horrors of the battlefield have been touched upon as lightly as possible. The same tem per of mind which unconsciously puts aside tales of horror in the daily papers, murders, disasters, etc., would not delight in perpetuating such disagreeable subjects. General Sherman said truly when he said, "War is hell." We certainly want as little of it as possible; but aside from that pic ture of it there are many valuable lessons to be learned, as well as interesting incidents that are worth reading and preserving, and PEBPACB. IX you have this picture from one who has tears to shed for every wound, and whose hand was never lifted against individuals, but against a common enemy. No doubt many pen sketches herein given to the public for the first time will be criticised by those who witnessed other parts of the field as "not according to my remembrance;" but we all know how individuals differ upon the same subject, viewed from different standpoints, and I have in many instances given way to the weight of evidence as gathered from others whose 3)ositions were such as to warrant thejprobability of their correct- ' ness. There is one point upon which this volume can be referred to with pride— it contains very little that can be called "old." A .special effort has been made to print only "unpublished records," and with only two unimportant exceptions that idea has been .followed. THE AUTHOR. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE. The organization of a company.— Leaf from a diary. — Off for Grand Rapids IT CHAPTER II. Details of Orgamzation. — Sketch of the Captains and Companies. —The Field and Staff 20 CHAPTER m. Off for St. Louis. — An ovation all along the line. — Horses follow in sections of trains. — Incidents by the way. — Camp Benton. 2T CHAPTER IV. The .finishing touches. — Farewell to Benton Barracks. — Lambs to the slaughter. — Commerce, Mo. — Jeff. Thompson's light artil lery. — A night in the mud. — ^New Madrid. — The baptism of flre 32- CHAPTER V. Afloat on the Mississippi. — Off for Memphis. — Counter march to Pittsburg Landing . ^A muddy business . — Monterey . — Farming- ton. — In front of Corinth. — General Pope. ... 39 CHAPTER VI The Mississippi campaign. — The raid on Booneville. — ^Philip H. Sheridan. — Blackland. — Baldwin 46 CHAPTER VIL The North Mississippi campaign. — "Pine Hills." — Back to Boone ville. — The second Booneville. — Rienzi. — A flag of truce. . 58; CONTENTS. XI CHAPTER VIII. PAGE, Pbom Corinth to Perryville . —Col. Phil gets a star.— Colonel Archie Campbell . — Cincinnati . — Louisville . — General Buell . — Rous seau and Sheridan. T-Loomis. — Perryville. ... 70 CHAPTER IX. Aftee the battle. — Confederate retreat. — A flag of truce. — "Wc will bury your dead, move on." — Sweeping the state. . . 88 CHAPTER X. CABTEE'sraid. — 750 miles in twenty days. — Mountain paths. — Among the Icouds. — ^Bushwhacked. — Capturing forts. — Hum phrey Marshall. — Cutting communications. — Burning bridges. 94 CHAPTER XI. Reccpebating. — Pleasant hours short lived. — Farewell to Ken tucky. — General Green Clay Smith. — Brentwood. — Thomp son's Station. . . . . . . 113 CHAPTER XII. Middle Tennessee. — Three months of post duty with the variations. — Colonel Watkins and Colonel Campbell. — McGarrick's Ford. — Numerous small fights. . . , • . 122 ¦ CHAPTER XIII. The Tennessee campaign. — Franklin to Triune. — Triune to Frank lin. — Stirring up General Armstrong. — Return to Triune. — The grand forward move. — Rain and mud.— Guy's gap. — A grand cavalry charge. — Shelbyville. .... 128 CHAPTER XIV. Stevenson, Alabama. — The army concentrating. — Immense depot of supplies. — Sickness. — Over mountain and moor. — Scouting through Georgia. — Lafayette. — Crawfish Springs and Chica- mauga. — Chattanooga ours. . . . • 137 CHAPTER XV. VicTOEY out of defeat. — Reflections not designed as critical. — Great soldiers. — Wheeler's Raid.— Destroys a 1,000 wagon train. — A wild chase.— Camp life.— A ferry disaster. . . 151. contents. CHAPTER XVL PAGE East Tennessee.— Climbing mountains — Bushwhacked — Dandridge "Races." — A lively campaign and many hardships. . . 159 CHAPTER XVIL Mossy Ceeek. — A trick which did not work. — A fight, sharp, short, decisive. — An artillery duel 167 CHAPTER XVIIL . Se-veebville or Fair Garden. — A midnight retreat.— A morning's ad vance. — A dead line. — Storming bridge and barricade. . 174 CHAPTER XIX. Veteeans.— Severeville to Cleveland. — Florence. — Shoal Creek. — Forrest and Roddy.— The non-veterans and the Atlanta cam paign. — Lieutenant Darrow. — Captain Fargo's flag df truce. — Pulaski.— Franklin.— Cypress Creek. . . . . 179 CHAPTER XX. ¦ The Hood * campaign.— Florence.— Shoal Creek.— Pontoons.— A faithful negro. — Beginning of Hood's' advance. . . 191 CHAPTER XXI. Hood's Race withSchofield.-Columbia.-Spring Hill.— The Harpeth. —"Haiti"— The butchery at Franklin.— Stanley. -Wilson.— Cox, —Hatch.— Croxton.-Schofleld's report 197 CHAPTER XXII. Battle of Nashville.— Hood's army c^emoralized.— Cavalry captur ing earthworks.— Capturing prisoners.- What Hood said.— "The retreat." — Thomas's report CHAPTER XXIII. Hood 'loses his grip" and resigns.— Forrest's narrow escape.— A battalion charges a division.— Closing scenes. 219 235 CONTENTS. XllI' DP-A.iaT s:E3COj>riD. PAGE. Geneeal Pope. . . 247 ' Geneeal Elliott ... 248 Geneeal Stanley . 349 Geneeal Edwabd Hatch. 350 Aemy of the Cumbeeland. . . ... 253 comuandebs . . 354 Stonb Ri-vbe — Geneeal Roseceans. . . 256 GOEDON Geangbe. . . ... ... 370 Philip H. Sheridan. ... ... 277 Shebidan's Hobse. . 391 Geneeal Stanley. .... 393 Geneeal Wilson. ... 394 R. H. G. Minty. . . . . .... 301 Ceoxton's Beigade. ... . . 304 Incidents ah Feanklin — Mes. Snydee 307 W. D. Moody. ... ... .313 A Dying Confedbeatb. ... 315 A HoEEiD Scene .... 316 The Second Battbby at Shiloh 317 ' The Glasgow Collision. ... . 318 Left on the Field. 330 A Daeing Scout. ... ... .334 The Romance of Wae. .... . . 327 Suegbon Chaeles L. Hbndebson. . .... 330 SnsGEON William Beownbll. . ... 380 Suegbon W. F. Gbeen. . . .... 331 Notes by W. F. Geebn. . . .... 332 Suegbon Geoegb E. Rannby. . . 333 Notes by Geoegb E. Rannby. . . 335 COMMISSAEY Laweence 388 In the Hospital ... 339 Lieutenant R. T. Daeeow. . ... . .341 Tuening the Tide .343 Jim Beownlow Captueed. . .... 343 "Five Doll ABB FOE that Reb." 344 "Walk abound. " .... .... 345 buent his finoebs. . . 346 Hebe's youe mule . 348 Debteoying Pontoons . 350 Compliments to Wiet Adams 357 xiv CONTENTS; PAGE. Leaves peom a Diaey. . 359 A Scout on foot. . . . 364 "Did they Sting?" . . ... 366 An Intebeuptbd Wedding. 367 Hobse Sense. . . ... 368 Lucky Escapes. . . 370 Weaeb's Cove. . . 373 A Bull Run Hbeo. . . . 378 A Lively Peisonbe. ... .... 379 A Fla« op Teuce. . . ... 380 Scouting in Noeth Caeolina. . . . .388 Dodging Shells. . . 384 Unexplodbd Shells. .... . . 386 Who hit Chalmbes at Booneville ? 386 Running the Gauntlet . . 387 A Coepoeal's guaed makes a eeconnaibsance .... 388 Undbe Abbbst . . . 389 One Day Neaeee Atlanta. . . . 391 Why Cheatham did not get theee. . . ... 393 •Geneeal Cheatham's Stoet. . . . . 393 -Cavaley and Gunboats. ... ... 400 • Captueing outposts. 401 Stbaining a porNT to sa-vb a Life. ... 403 An Omen. . ... . . . . 406 Alleged Outeagbs. ... . 407 • Captain Aveby. . 408 XooMis's Batteby. . . . . 410 A Lonely Gbavb 411 Died Game. — ^A Youthful Soldiee. , . ... 413 ¦CouETiNG Death 414 Too Much Gold.— Discipline. . 415 ¦ The Last Battle. . . . . 41g ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. The Authoe peontibpeece. Abms and Accoutebmbnts. . 36 Mounted Dbagoon. . . ... 31 Benton Baeeacks. 33 Map of New Madeid. ... 34 Foeagbes. . . . . ... 36 ¦GoiiDON Gbangee. ... 48 BooNBViLLB, Miss. . ... 64 Map of Boone-ville. . 65 Philip H. Shbeidan .... 80 Map op Pbbeyville. . . ... 76 Night Scene at Pbeeytille. 83 Majoe L. S. Sceanton. . . 117 Shells. ... . . 121 Col. a. p. Campbell. . ., 135 Chicamauga. . • 144 Point Lookout. . . ' . 148 Map op Chicamauga. . . . . ... 152 Map of Dandeidge , . 163 Captain Jas. H. Smith. . . 165 Captain J. M. Weathbewax. - 171 Captain Dan T. Faego. . .186 Lieutenant Russell T. Daeeow. . . 190 Map of Feanklin. . . . . . 306 Map of Nashville. 319 Field and Staff. . . . 344 Shebidan's Hobse. ... . 391 Libut.-Col. Ben. Smith. . . 305 Majoe W. H. Whittbmoeb. ... 358 Col. Thomas. W. Johnston. S59 SECOND MICHIGAN CAVALRY. CHAPTER L THE OEGANIZATION OF A COMPANY LEAF PEOM A BIARY OFF FOE GEAND EAPIDS. During the war it was common to hear soldiers talking about how they came to enlist. Some stoutly insisted that patriotism was the first grand incentive to the personal sacrifice; others with a show of modesty "went for the fun of it" — "ex citement" — "a chance to see something of the world" — "ambi tion" — "position" — "distinction" — and now and again we just heard of some one who went to find solace for a "bruised heart." Perhaps a few leaves from an old diary may show the average soldier's reasons, the why and the how, and all about it. ' August 25. — * * * I see in every iiewspaper reports of the grand Success in recruiting volunteers for the war just fairly begun in the Southern States. * * * 18 HUNDEED BATTLES The old Flag is in danger; already the bones of many of my countrymen are bleaching in the Southern sun. * * * We do not fully realize our country's situation. We hear of battles but they sound like tales of other days. We do not see the smoke of battles nor hear the roar of artillery, the rattle of musketry nor the bugle's call. The drum goes rattling througp the street, keeping time with the shrill piping of the fife and the tramp of armed, undisciplined troops. This is all we see or know. But here is something we can all understand. Its every word is an electric shock that tingles the blood and sends it rush ing through the veins. A proclamation by Jefferson Davis,: styling hiraself "President of the Confederate States of Ameri ca." Here it is: "All Northern men will leave the Southern States within thirty days," etc., etc. It is signed August 13, 1861. * * * The news of the battle of Wilson's Creek comes to ns, pictured with all the horrors of civil war. Convalescent, sick and wounded from the battle of Bull Run are straggling home. This is no boys' play. I must enlist. Young and unmarried — why not ? * * * The nearest recruiting office is gathering men for the cavalry. I enter, a stranger to everyone. The man recognized , as captain is large, of fine physique; his hearing indicates the leader, "Born to command." The company appear anxious to join the first regiment, nearly full at Detroit. If they fail to enter there, perhaps they will take them in the secoodj just be gun at Grand Rapids. The material of this company thus far ; is good, judging from one standpoint — they are always ready for a fight. ******* We have received word from Colonel Brodhead of the First Cavalry that his regiment is full, therefore we must go into the second, and we are very anxious to get to Grand Rapids before that regiment is also full. * * * * * Sept. 9. — On our way to Grand Rapids, transportation fail ing to meet us in time we stay at the Grand Trunk and Milwau kee Junction, sleeping on straw in a little old freight house. IN THE WEST. 19 This is our first bivouac— without tents, blankets or supper. In the absence of arms a corporal's guard wOuld have no trouble in "surrounding us." Sept. 10. — The arrangements for transportation are so ex asperating that we make our own contracts for a car and fill it. "Some days must be dark and dreary," but this dark, rainy day did not in the least dampen our ardor, for the racket is much like an excursion to a prize fight or a picnic. We will leave our friend's diary for the present, believing that the foregoing will serve to show the true spirit that actuated the great mass of those who took their lives in their hands and went out to fight — perchance to die, for the Union. And this ,was but one of twelve companies, each, of which could doubtless tell a similar story, showing how frpm a heterogeneous mass the very beginning of the organization of the regiment was made. CHAPTER II. DETAILS OF OEGANIZATION — SKETCH OF THE CAPTAINS AND COM PANIES — THE FIELD AND STAFF. The second regiment of Michigan cavalry was organizel; by the Hon. F. W. Kellogg, under authority of the Secretary of War, upon a commission as colonel from Governor Austin Blair. About the middle of July, 1861, preparatioiis were made at Grand Rapids for quartering the cavalry troops, but at first these arrangements were very imperfect; a company being placed here and there in vacant buildings — some upon the -west side of the river near Pearl street bridge, but more in a row of wooden buildings opposite the gas works on Ottawa street. One of the first acts of importance to the regiment was the appointment of William C. Davies, of Detroit, as Lieutertanfei Colonel, and with him a full complement of field and staff offiew — Majors, Adjutants, Surgeons and Quartermasters with their non-commissioned staff sergeants. As fast as each company received their minimum number, the captains' and lieutenants' names were reported to the gover nor for commissions. During this recruiting period the regiment had been g&ths- ing together upon the fair grounds where additional barracks bad IN THE WEST, 21 been erected and the preliminary steps toward becoming a sol dier had been taken. The first of .these was the medical ex amination; stripped before a board of surgeons,, assisted, by the surgeons of the regiment. The name, age, hight, complexion, color of the hair and eyes were all duly entered on the rolls. Straw and army blankets were issued and we laid down side: by side, on the floor and in bunks, .perhaps to, think of pleasant homes, the girl we left behind, or float away to dream-land and scenes of carqage. Our breakfast, dinner and supper consisted of bread,, potatoes and meat,, tea or coffee, and our meals were at stated hours. We, marched into the dining sheds under orders and opposite our respective tin cups and plates, where we halted, and sat down at a rough board table. As we look back upon that scene over an interval filled with incidents more stirring, we wonder at. the fastidiousness of volunteers, when some officer flushed with the -victoi;ies of camp lif eTr-a winner in the race for shoulder straps — in loud tones proclaims that his' "men shall not eat with rusty forks,'" p,nd boldly flings the disgraced weapon, into outer- darkness,. • Occasionally some party wOuld fancy themselves wronged by the provisions contractor; for it will be remembered we did not cook our p-wn rations at this cainp — "Anderson" as it was called, but they were fumisjied by cpnti^act, and sp it pf ten, fell put -that the. soup would be a trifle burned — the coffee just a trifle "off" or the beef a year or two older than necessary — the butter might npthaye been exactly bad, nor yet very good; still we were all agreed afterwards that. "Camp Anderspn butter was npt the worst we ever saw." Military discipline was immediately commenced,, and tjlp 22 HUNDRED BATTLES bugle sounded reveille, roll call, guard, mounting and drilliilg by tacties,— JHardie*s tactics— "Right face!, left face! about facej front face! eyes right! eyes left! head and shoulders up! for-: ward march! backward march! parade rest!"— Day after day,., until the shuffling gait changed. for the upright, prompt, sharp..: steps of a soldier. The officers had their duties — making out muster rolls, drawing clothing and supplies from the quartermasters, etc. Soon we had sufficient numbers to form platoons and drillby;' companies; then battalion drill, and afterwards the fi;ll regi'-- ment assembled for dress parade; and I think we shall never: forget that first parade under command of our little lieutenant: colonel, whose short thick stature, fierce black mustache, dangl*; ing sword and rattling spurs made him a conspicuous- figurej' nor how, after listening to a few not very intelligible orders ¦ we soon executed a flank movement on our quarters. The officers visited the city and purchased shoulder straps, feathers, plumes, gold lacC and high top boots, and one by one the companies were completed in numbers and outfit except horses and arms. ¦ ' Company"A," Captain Godley, was the first to march the streets of Grand Rapidsinfull uniform, under command of Lieu tenant Carter. They -were a body of large men, mpstlyfrotti the' lumber camps and mills of the Saginaw valley, and made a fine appearance. '- Company "G," Captain Fred Fowler, with his isLttaH^ boys from Hillsdale in full uniform — -white gldVes; large' plufflfr in the captain's hat, marched in full ranks to the Congregati'pnall ohurch'and tookfront seats ih the gallery. IN" THE WEST. 23 Captain 'Ben. Whitman's Company — "E," from Muskegon, was another body of stalwart lumbermen who looked as if they would be equally at home with rifle, pistol,: saber or ax. CaptaiHi'Ben Smith; of Company "D," would sit up later and work harder for a joke than any man in the regiment, and his company of Hollanders gave a good account of themselves,, whether the captain or his wife was in command. Captain Goodale, Company "I," was a good natured, jolly old boy from Kalamazoo. His men had their own way mostly in compapy affairs and seemed to enjoy themselves as they went alpng, yet they were on hand in every fight. Captain Peck, of Company "F," was from Lowell with lieu tenants from Grand Rapids. His company enjoyed the reputa tion of being a well behaved, soldierly lot of men, always ready for duty of any kind. Captain Archie P. Campbell, of Company "K," was from Port Huron and his company had the name of doing more fighting in.. camp and out than any other company in the regiment. They were mostly rough lumbermen and log runners from the Black River, St. Clair county, and would stick by their leader in war or peace. ' Captain H. A. Shaw CPmpany "B," was from Eaton Rapids.' ^e was once - Speaker of the House at Lansing and was ever ready to speak when occasion required, and his boys would do anything they were told to. They occupied the second post of honor— »-the left of the regiment. Captain B. P. Wells, of Niles, commanded Cohipany "L." He was one of the few who. were apparently satisfied with their positions and looked for no higher honor than to command Gom-^ pany L, who were always r.eady to obey quietly. 24 , HUNDEED BATTLES Company "H" was commanded by Captain C. E. Newman, who wore a stunning hat and feather, but had a good company of men from Utica, Macomb county. Captain R. A. Alger, of Company "C," took commendable pride in his own personal appearance and that of his men. They were mostly from Grand Rapids and the ladies could all point out Captain Alger's company. Captain F. W. Dickey, of Company "M," was from Marshall; His men were well up in size, personal appearance and drill. If the captain had a weakness it was his love for a good horse. The field and staff were made up of men from varipus walks in life and from different parts of the State; Lieutenant-Colonel W. C. Davies was the real organizer and commander of the regiment. He came from the employ of the Great Western Railroad. His appearance was decidedly "Frenchy" but he claimed to be an Englishman and wore medals of honor upon his breast which had been given him for , distin guished services in the Crimea. But he lost his infiuence' to an extent with the regiment by "airing" himself — went, to church, in full uniform, saber, spurs and all— -and never had the oppor tunity of commanding the regiment in a fight, though we all be lieved he would have made a good officer. On the 2d of October, 1861, when Captain Henry R. Mizner^ U, S. A., mustered the regiment into the service we had as senior Major, Robert H. G. Minty, a very genial gentleman who endeared himself to the men by his unassuming yet soldierly manners. He lived in his tent in camp and could call his men by name, and was ever ready to impart any instructions or listen tp any communications they might make. He was from Detl-oit and was, like the Lieutenant-Colonel, a railroad man. IN THE WEST. 25 Major Selden H. Gorham, of the second battalion, was from Marshall, and came to us with a good record from service as a Heutenant -with the three months men at Bull Run. He was a stylish young officer, but a little too much reserved in manners ever to become popular among volunteers. Major Chas. P. Babcock, of the third battalion, was a very stylish old officer. His sliclc iron gray chin whiskers and his pcancing iron gray stallion were in exact harmony. His men would do anything for the kind hearted old major, but the war happened about twenty-five years too late for him. Surgeon Chas. S. Henderson was from Grand Rapids and gave his entire time and acknowledged skill to the faithful discharge of his duty and in this he was ably assisted by assistant Surgeon Wm. Brownell, of Utica. Peter S. Schuyler, Adjutant, possessed natural qualifications for the arduous duties which devoHed upon his position while the trPops were being organized, and afterwards Alphonso E. 'Gordon, Peter A.Weber and George Lee were the battalion adjutants. Gordon was an editor, Weber a popular young busi ness man of bright promise and Lee was a bank book-keeper. They were all from Grand Rapids. Frank E. Walbridge, of Kalamazoo, was regimental quarter- master.s His battalion quartei-masters were James P. Scott, of ¦Grand Haven, Seymour Brownell, of Utica, and John A. Brooks, of Newaygo. The four positions were soon consolidated at Cor inth in one, when James P. Scott alone remained. Walbridge having been promoted, and Brownell transferred to the Potomac and promoted. Chaplain Francis Drew, of the M. E. church of Grand 26 HUNDEED B^.'TTLES Rapids, held divine service on Sund?iys, and visited the sick in hospitals. Sylvester's. regimental band gave us selection,s at regi mental parade or an occasional evening serenade. Prompt responses were made to bugle calls , and the discipline of camp life was accepted with becoming grace and an evidence, of determination, to equal if possible the best drilled and disciplined troops, ," CHAPTER III. OFF FOE ST. LOUIS — :AN OVATION ALL ALONG THE LINE — HOESES FOLLOW IN SECTIONS OF TEAINS — INCIDENTS BY THE WAY CAMP BENTON. It seemed a long time to wait — those days and weeks when: we were drilling, receiving clothing and horses — horses that we could not ride, for as. yet we had no saddles nor arms; and every morning as we arose to a bath at the trough in the open air, with. a sharp frost nipping our fingers and no fires in all the camp to warm by, we longed for a more, sunny clime, with a chance to- show the country that Michigan took some interest in the war. The order came, and on the 14th of November, 1861, we: marched to the depot of the Detroit & Milwaukee road, and bidding adieu to friends gathered there, we lef t for Detroit. At. all stations along the road there was a general uproar of cheers, greetings and farewell's. - Arri-ying' at Detroit in the evening, we marched in good order to a sumptuous feast spread by the ladies of that city in the freight depot of the Detroit & Milwaukee Railroad^ and it. was twel-ve o'clock at night before we were again under way over the Michigan Central, filling the air with cheers as we left,. for the good ladies of Detroit, who hadfeasted us so well. ¦28 HUNDEED BATTLES A train of soldiers was no uncommon sight in those days, yet the enthusiasm was unabated, and throngs of people gathered at the stations, night or day, to give us God speed. Arriving at Decatur, Michigan, in the morning, we were or dered from the cars for a rest and inspection. The Decatur can- ~hon was ordered out and we were welcomed by a salute,.in which a squad of young ladies joined, and their fusilade of kisses went square to the target and never missed a man. At Niles we took breakfast, which had been prepared by the ladies, who exerted themselves successfully in making our short stay very pleasant. At Michigan City we -were well received by the Hoosiers and their ladies, and again at Joliet, and then we plunged out upon the broad moon-lit prairie, whose swelling bosom seemed so like the rolling sea, as we rushed down one grade and up the next, speeding on with never a halt, passing station, town or burning grass, and on into the rock-bound city of Altpn on the Mississippi, where we embarked upon those float ing palaces, "Meteor" and "Daniel Tatrim,",for St. .Louis, where after a short, pleasant ride, we arrived in due time, .and forming into line marched four miles to, "Benton Barracks," the work of General Fremont at the fair grounds. We numbered, 1,240 in officers and men at that time, andthe task of transporting that number was no, difficult one, yet much less so than the. moving of the same number of horses. , These were divided into three sections of trajns,.each train having thir ty-five to forty cars. To load and unload these horses, feed and water them at least once every twenty -four hours on all that long trip from Grand Rapids to Detroit, tbenceto Michigan City, Joliet, Alton IN THE WEST. 29' and St. Louis was no small task, as the writer can testify from personal experience. Occasionally a horse would get down and the kicking, squealing and tramping could be heard above the roar of the heavy train. Only one horse was killed of all the number, and stopping the train in the middle of a broad prairie, he was hauled out. After three days from Grand Rapids the battalion of horses was led into camp at St. Louis in good con dition. It may npt be out of place to remark here that many expressed a wonder that saddles were not furnished at Grand Rapids and the command be permitted to march to St. Louis. For the discipline of that march, if properly conducted, would have been worth quite as much as the benefit received in camp at Benton Barracks (the fair grouuds) during the same period. But our camp was laid out on a large open field, level and thor oughly drained, though soft in wet weather, and we were soon in active training for the field. The grounds were one mile long by a quarter wide, surrounded on three sid^s by wooden- barracks, with cooking and dining sheds in the rear and stables farther back. In the center of the grounds near one end were General Sher man's headquarters, and none will ever forget the long-haired, strong-lunged Indian, who woke us to an early reveille with his bugle that gave forth a blast like a steam fog-horn, and kept it up throughout the day — roll-call, stable call, hospital call, drill,. fatigue, sun-set ("Retreat"), and taps, when the last light was supposed to be out, and silence reigned supreme. Who will forget the refrain from all the company 'bugles and drums as they took up the calls and rattled and blowed to the- last long drawn note? .-30 HUNDEED BATTLES Then the busy scene' upon that level, plaia as company-rafter compainy and regiment- after regiment marched- and- irode out to ¦drill.- Helter-skelter, hither and yonj- like a hundred sham bat tles, deploying,''rallying,' charging; flanking,- wheeling -and skir mishing' — a grand school of insti'uotion, and wewere apt scholars in those ddyS, for- our ambition was to excel, ¦ and- an awkward -man or horse was soon broken in, and constant ¦ practice sopn , brought the regiment to a degree of perfection not eS:celled by even regulars. • ; - ,. , ,, Captain Gordon Granger, of the regular army, having been appointed Colonel of our regiment, de-voted a portion, of his time every day to drilling the' officers, and as there was a good sized company of them, more or less amusement was :ca,used by the -awkwardness of some who were not as well drilled . as most pf their men. To see a private soldier roll 'off his borse and dangle his heels in the air for a second was too common to be funny, but to see an officer in that pleasant (?) predicament was too much for the soldiers. who kept at a respectful distance, but they were the only ones who dared to laugh; a frown from "Old Granger," as he was sometimes called, would kill further, than an old flint -lock. , But it was not many weeks before wewere considered sol dierly enough to participate in a grand review, and we acquitted - ourselves so creditably as to draw special attention from the gen- - erals present. From that time on we were no more considered re cruits, raw troops, etc., but were given to. understand that we were booked, for the field. And with Colt's revolving rifles and pistolSj.besides sabers, ~eaoh man was a whole arsenal in himself, and felt superior to equal IN THE WEST. 91 numbers of the best troops with single-barreled arms in the coun try. This -rtras no idle boast, as we afterwards proved on many a hard contested field. CHAPTER IV. the finishing touches — faeewell to benton baeeacks^ — lambs to the slaughtee — commeece, missouei — jeff. Thompson's light artillery — a night in the mud — new MADRID — "the baptism OF FIEE." Colonel Granger, though a gruff appearing man, had succeed--: ed in winning the respect of his regiment by his strict attention to all the details of making a well disciplined body of soldiers out of a mass of awkward men from every walk in life, and the last finishing touches had been added, while arms, ammu nition and accoutrements were being drawn and distributed. And now Colonel Granger calls his brother officers of the regular army to look at thfem as they move about the grounds. "Pope, look here!" "Well, what of it?" "What of it! you d d fool? You never saw a better look ing regiment nor a better drilled regiment in your life!" More adjectives on both sides, then they take a drink and talk of the proposed forward move. On the 21st of Feburary, 1862, army wagons were packed with camp supplies, and we moved forward, without regrets, even IN THB WEST. ' 33 for the comfortable quarters we had so much enjoyed all winter; and we turned our backs on them forever, as it proved, going, we knew not -where, and cared little, though it might be like lambs to the slaughter. And a big, burly, healthy-looking lot of lambs we were, tod. With little delay, we were all packed on board the steamer Empress, the largest and finest of the river fleet, and the next day, as the fog lifted, we steamed down the Mississippi to Com merce, Missouri, where we landed and set out to scour the woods towards New Madrid, where General Pope's army was to join us. It was reported that Jeff Thompson had been having his own way through that part of the country, and without knowing anything of his force, we naturally moved with cau tion through the woods, keeping an eye out for ambuscades or any surprise that might be intended for us. We had no definite idea whether Jeff Thompson was the captain of a guerrilla band of swamp rangers, or the regular commanding general of a large force of cavalry, and this uncertainty may have caused some nervous sensations to dance up and down our spinal columns, but it did not appear on the surface, for we moved ' cheerfully along, with our advance guard out a few rods ahead, and occa sional flankers where the ground would permit. The regiment divided, each battalion going different routes. A heavy rain set in and at dark the different battalions had not reached the point designated for our camp for the night at Ben ton. Who will ever forget the impenetrable darkness of that night, and the terrible sloughs through which we wallowed in our efforts to follow our guide? Occasionally a halt was sound ed and the broken ranks were given an opportunity,' to - stagger out Upon terra firmay if they could find it. • ' 34 HUNDRED BATTLES Only two battalions reached the camp— late, wet, tired, sore and hungry. The other battalion roosted out in the swamps, and thought themselves lucky if they could find a log to perch upon, while the poor animals stood patiently in the mud and water to their knees, "waiting for the light." It came at lastj and the "lost" rode into camp with the first gleam of day. Is it any wonder that men in such a position seize upon any thing in the shape of food, and -that among the animals brought in, dressed and cut up, was an imported male Cashmere goat,, worth $500 for breeding purposes? NEW MADRID. .Only a short rest was allowed, and again we set out towardf; New Madrid, but divided as before, looking for Jeff. : IN THE WEST. 35 When our advance reached Sikeston, we were confronted by a force of cavalry and three pieces of rifled artillery of small calibre planted on a narrow causeway. The Seventh Indiana cavalry charged them, capturing the artillery and completely routing them, nor did the enemy offer further resistance until we reached New Madrid, March 3d. A rebel captain, lieutenant and several privates were captured in this charge, from whom it was learned their force was about 10,000 infantry, 900 cavalry and four batteries of field artillery. The overflow of the Mississippi river bottoms was a serious impediment to Gen. Pope's rapid advance; in fact, it was .imposs ible to bring up heavy guns until the water had subsided, and all the while the enemy's gunboats, some six or seven in number, were able to over-look the country from the decks of their iron clads in front of New Madrid, and while General Pope felt cer tain he could have captured the place by assault, he felt sure of being driven out by the gunboats with a needless loss of life. Therefore the entire army was drawn up in line on the open plain awaiting developments. Fortunately their firing was "wild," and our position was naturally protected by a slight de pression of the ground; we must have looked very unconcerned as we stood there for more than an hour withput returning a shot. Then we began to feel their position. Entering a narrow lane on the left, two battalions of cavalry marched to within 200 yards of their earthworks and plainly saw their guns and iron-clads upon the river. Suddenly they gave us a salute with short range fuse shell and the unearthly screech of shell and whirr of broken iron . after the explosion were enough to make the stoutest hearts quail. Perhaps ours did, but we did not tarry 36 HUNDRED, BATTLES long in that imm'ediate neighborhood, neither did we rlin. We had drawn their fire on the left and knew their position; we thfere- f ore deliberately withdrew. Meanwhile one battalion of our regiment (the first) had made like deniopstrations on the right and had a brush with the enemy, capturing a few pi^pts and driving in the rest. This was known as the "fight at Point Pleasant," Missouri. Here the Writer with a detail of twenty men made his firsl scout immediately after our locating the main body, of the eneniy.;; in the fort on the Mississippi river, with an impassable barrier on our left, Wilson's Bayou — a wide swamp or bayou, navigable for small steamers; and our forces extending around to the river on the right. It became necessary to know if there were any strag gling troops in our rear and for this purpose a squad of men ex- - amined every road, cross road, lane, bit of woods, farm and ; bpildings for a distance of ten miles to the rear, and on this ex pedition the natural foraging proclivities of a portion of the reg iment were soon developed and were th'e disturbing element that- became notorious during the war, yet this same company, Phil Sheridan said, was one of the best squadrons of cavalry he ever. had anything to do with. IN THE WEST. ' .S7 The work of drawing closer the lines about NSw Madrid moved steadily onward while the bombardment of Island No. 10, twelve miles away, by oiir gunboats could be plainly heard, and on dark nights the course of the fuse shells could be traced, as the siege mortars sent their ponderous shells arching through' the sky to their work of destruction. Here Gordon Granger,, now a brigadier, gave us an exhib ition of his skill as an' officer in charge of siege works. The perfect composure with which he went along the line bf heavy guns, touching a gun now and then to raise or lower the range, while shot and shell from the enemy's forts plowed the ground all about him, often covering him with clouds of .dirt, without so much as drawing from him an indication that he saw or heard anything but his own work, drew from all his men deep though silent admiration; and all the harsh things seen iii him or felt in ourselves were buried forever. , With an occasional sortie and repulse, a skirmish Pn the right and another on the left,the work of reducing the fort went stead ily though slowly forward until one eygning it began to be whis pered about that a general assault was to be made at daylight. By a probably accidental coincidence, the enemy were busy all night in moving their forces across the river, and in the morning when our guns suddenly opened on one part, our infantry made a dash, scaling the works and rushing in, only' to find the rear guard of a demoralized army, with all the indications of a hur ried departure — half cooked breakfasts, unpacked knapsacks, burdensome trinkets, Texas "cheese-knives," useless arms, accou trements, etc. They had been busy crossing the river, were fol lowed and captured, 38 HUNDRED BATTLES Thus was General Pope's letter to General Halleck verified, and more: He said he would have Island No. 10 in a week — he not only had Island No. 10, but New Madrid as well, and with it three generals, six thousand prisoners, a large amount of mu nitions of war, 100 pieces of siege and several battalions of field artillery, small arms, tents, wagons, horses, etc. For this brilliant victory. General Pope received the follow ing telegram from his superior at St. Louis : Major-General Pope: I congratulate you and your command on your splendid achievement. It exceeds in boldness and brilliancy all other operations of the war. It -will be memorable in military history, and will be admired by future generations. You deserve well of your country. H. W. Halleck, Major-General. CHAPTER V. AFLOAT ON THE MISSISSIPPI, OHIO AND TENNESSEE ^ OFF FOE MEMPHIS COUNTEE-MAECH TO PITTSBUEG LANDING ^A MUDDY BUSI.N'ESS MONTEREY, FARMINGTON IN FRONT OF CORINTH. Oar Missouri Campaign was ended, and we made all haste to join Grant and Buell at Pittsburg Landing, but before we had embarked news came that the battle of Shiloh had been fought and our troops were in possession of the grounds.' While embarking at New Madrid, a gunboat was seen com ing slowly round the bend of the river from Island No. 10. That she was a rebel gunboat, we had every reason to believe, and in our break-camp condition we were not prepared for that kind of a visitor. As she came on, a shot was sent whizzing across her bows, but she did not deign to reply and another was sent crash ing into her sides at low water mark. Still no reply, and we began to surmise that she was abandoned. Sending out a small boat,, we discovered this to be true, and as she drifted on to a bar and sunk, we went on with our work, feeling assured no-y^ that the river was ours as far down as Cairo at least. 40 HUNDRED BATTLES We had captured quite a number of transpprts with New Madrid and Island No. 10, and now they became quite' useful in moving our troops. Our regiment alone filled two or more (for we were not sure of high water) and we were soon , past Cairo and xakie no halt until we were not many miles from Memphis. Why we did not land near there and inarch across to Pittsburg Landing was known only to the genei'als in command. We did not even tie up where it was possible to land. High water had covered the banks and we tied to trees that stood in water ten- to twenty feet deep. To those whose boats brought up the rear, and had the pleasure of seeing a iPng curved line of jack -lights, lanterns arid fire-holes from the main decks, the picture will probably remain a bright scene against a very dark back ground (a cypress swamp) reminding them of that far off long ago until the last solemn "Roll Call." We curled up, in our blankets feeling pretty safe. We knew we could run away from gunboats, bushwhackers could not get within two miles of us by land,,,^nd,as for other transports mo- .lesting us, we felt that we could whip nearly "all creation'" com ing in that shape. . , . With the earliest light we set, out on our return up the Mississippi' to Cairo,. up the Ohio, to the Tennessee, and after eleven days reached Pittsburg, Landing and passing . a little above, disembarked, at Hamburg Landing, April 21st, 1862, whei^e for the first time the s^Qtnal business, of a cavalry soldier -with us beg3,n. , . , , , .. We never jtnew when we lay down at.night, usually without tents, whether we were- to be allowed the luxury of an all night's- sleep, (even though our blankets and, the hard ground was all IN THE WEST. 41 there was beneath us, and the changing sky above us), or were to be called at midnight or the earliest streak of day^ We had enlisted for the war and were always cheerful under the most severe hardships. To be in the saddle all night was too coramon for even novelty; and to be engaged driving in scouting or re connoitering parties was an every day occurrence, while a dash upon the eneray, testing the strength of their position, driving in pickets, destroying railroad tracks andbridges,losing a few, cap turing a few, watching, advancing and drawing the eneray's fire while the infantry and artillery raaneuvered for position — all this and more, becarae our daily schooling in the business of a soldier, and about all the credit we ever got, in those days, was ridicule from the infantry because we were not nuraerically strong enough to whip the whole rebel; army without the aid -of infantry or artillery. "Here, get back in the rear and give a man a chance," was the usual salutation as we, having accom plished our object, dropped back to await further developments. One of the first encounters we had, meeting with any consider able force, was about the first of May, 1862. Our regiment went -Out with the second Iowa, taking the road that led through a small burg called Monterey, on the road to Corinth. It had been rain ing and the roads were soft, but the sun came out warra and clear as we started, early in the morning, to push the enemy as far as possible and return. We surprised their pickets,, and rushed on towards' their camp. Found them moving and their camp-fires and deserted camp equipage^ cast off guris, bayonets^ belts and ¦cartridge boxes shewed they were in a hurry to get somewhere, we knew not where, but Soon fouild out. A running fight of tyfo or three miles took us through Monterey and half a mile 42 HUNDRED BATTLES beyond, where our advance, under Captain Alger, rushed wildly into an artillery camp commanding a little hill,well protected by infantry. Opening a sharp fire on us, the corapanies in front turned and got out of the way, while the companies in the reai: moved under cover of a ravine, until they were again in the rear and deliberately marched back to Monterey, where the regiment - re-forraed in good order and returned to camp. That scout came the nearest to being a panic in its termina-?^: tion of any moveraent we ever made, and as such, was a valuable lesson to us in teaching self control and, guarding against a rout. Very soon after this, about the 5th of May, 1862, our cainp ' was established at, or near Farmington, beyond which our out posts, the cavalry vidette and pickets of the army, were stationed^.- Near our regiraent was the well-known "Big Tree Signal Station," from which most of the enemy's works at Corinth could be inspected. Not far in our advance, a half mile perhaps, was the open field upon which our heavy siege guns were planted, and across whose. uneven surface, furrowed here and thereby rains, some of the' fiercest struggles of the war were fought. From this camp we were sent on those daily reconnaissances. If Beauregard was discovered thro-wing up earthworks or forts this regiment was often selected to "feel of him," General Pope knowing that no retreat would be sounded until likely to- ' be crushed by overpowering nurabers. Sometimes the artillery''; would be sent up and a sharp artillery duel followed while we stood calmly by ready to support, if needed. Occasionally,: IN THE WEST. 43 the enemy felt of our works, when a skirmish was sure to follow, that, occurring anywhere else, -would have been called a battle. The most important of these was fought on the 9th day of May and has been known as tbe Battle of Farmington. We give General Pope's report of that engagement: Headquaetees Aemy of the Mississippi, Near Farraington, May 9, 1862. MAJ0E7GENEEAL Halleck: The eneray is felling timber -on my left an^ rear, about where a road conducts across Seven-mile Creek, to the high lands toward the railroad. I have a strong cavalry picket, a regiment of infantry, and a section of artillery on the road, about three miles from my left. Jno. Pope, Major-General Commanding, Headquaetees Aemy of the Mississippi, May 9, 1862. Majoe-Gej^eeal Buell: Enemy is forming a pretty strong line of battle at Farm ington, having driven in our pickets. Please march Nelson's division in this direction imraediately, and be ready. Jno. Pope, Major-General Commanding. Without entering into details it appears from correspond ence between Geperals Halleck and Pope, that the Army of the Mississippi (Pope's corps) was looked upon as holding the key to our advance when the time came, and General Halleck was taking all necessary precautions to bring the three divisions of his army into, touching dista,nce, and General Pope was expressly instructed npt to bring on a general engagement until he had' 44 HUNDRED BATTl.liS notice that all were ready, and therefoi-e it w'as against General Pope's wishes that sostubborn a resistance was made at Farm ington. To cbeck the enemy from a farther ad-varice Was hip only thought; but our men' could not 'understand the ' differehce between a nianeuvering retreat and that terrible word defeat, and, therefpre, ,rQ,any a poor fellow lost his life, whom General Pope would gladly have saved. And for the same reason, doubt less, he does npt refer to that engagement except as an unimport ant skirniish. Thil'ty-five thousand again St ten thousand was, terrible odds, yet we were all mad because we could not hold our extreme advanced ground. There was a tendency at this tirae among a certain class' at Washington to belittle any' of fhe minor engagements of that carapaign, and probably no officer suffered more from {his cause than General John Pope. To those who saw the obstacles which nature threw in the way of an active bampaign in that locality, the energy with which General Pope pushed roads across . swamps' that appeared iriipassable, and placed heavy siege guns where but a few days before light artillery could scarcely go, the reason for this apparent over-caution, this apparent slowness of , the "on to Corinth movement," was well understood. For an array as far frora their base of supplies as ours was to have rushed into a trap, raight have proved a riatibnal calamity, and it is a well established rule ampng the best military men to guard well their rear and flanks; hence the duty that cavalry performs in an advance of tbe magnitude of the north Mississippi campaign, was a very important and exceedingly drduous one; Night and day the raovement must be continuous. If the enemy IN THE WEST. 45. make a deraonstration upon the left, neither swamp nor wood must form an impassable barrier. If they attack the right, the cavalry raust be there also, to meet, fight and hold them until the main force can be brought into action. This battle of Farmington was a peculiarly trying one. The eneray raade a demonstration in full force and so sudden that when the cavalry moved forward to meet them and charged over the roughest part of the field they found line after line of infantry moving forward with unbroken tread; while their artil lery rapidly formed on the flanks and poured a deadly enfilading fire of grape and canister into our ranks. We will never for get our "twin" Second Iowa cavalry at that raoraent, how they charged and re-charged the third time though every gully was filled with horses and raen. It was a second Balakiava and before the enemy could shake them off our infantry was there and what came so near being a disastrous defeat was turned into a stubborn resistance and finally a victory for our arras. Our heavy guns were at one time held by the enemy, but they were all re-taken and the rebels sent staggering back into Corinth,. leaving their dead and wounded upon the field. With a dangerous swamp in our rear and only one available road, a retreat^ we thought, meant annihilation. But it was char acteristic of that array, they never knew when they were whip ped; and so, they fought on, inch by inch, until the tide turned. That battle really decided the fate of Corinth, by teaching Beauregard what kind of raaterial he had to contend against. If Grant and Buell could hold their own at Shiloh withoiot Vo-pe- what bould they riot do with him? CHAPTER VI. COEINTH — THB MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN — PHILIP' H. SHERIDAN— RAID ON BOONVILLE — EVACUATION OP CORINTH — BLACKLAND. Who that was encamped near Farmington has forgotten the following order and its midnight calls: Headquaetees Aemy of the Mississippi, May 9th, 1862. To Division CoMMANDBEs: The discharge of a piece of artillery at these headquarters, will frora this time forth be the signal for the immediate as sembling pf this entire comraand under arras and at their posts. By order of Geneeal Pope. C. A. Morgan, Aide-de-Camp. As this order was read to the troops imniediately after the battle of Farmingtoil it raay well be supposed that the signal was obeyed with alacrity. If the long roll sounded in Beauregard's carap it was very likely to be sounded in ours very soon after. If our pickets were driven in at any hour of night or day, the • dull reverberations of that headquarters gun would be replied to by a yell throughout camp as if every man slept with one eye and one earwide open. IN THE WEST. 47 On the ISth of May a negro that had been captured by the rebels frora an Ohio regiraent escaped frora Corinth and renorted an unusual stir within the rebel camp, and talk of a raoveraent south. General Pope was anxious to move forward upon Corinth but he could not until General Buell had cleared a way and made roads to move foi-ward siraultaneously. Day and night our cavalry, or some portion of it, was at the front pressing the enemy's outposts, establishing and holding positions, scouting or doing picket and vidette work. The following is one of raany scouts raade at the time: Headquaetees Aemy of the Mississippi, Farmington, May 22d, 1862. Majoe-Geneeal Halleck: The cavalry force I sent to Yellow Creek has returned. It went as far as the Tennessee river. * * * There was no enemy. * * The country was almost impassable. The command then went to luka and returned along the railroad as far as Glendale. At Barnesville a few mounted pickets were seen and pursued for several miles in the direction of Jacinto, where there is a regi ment of cavalry under McNeil, formerly of the "Rifles." * * Jno. Pope, Major-General Commanding. Colonel Gordon Granger's coraraission as Brigadier-General dated back to March 26th, 1862, and frora that time on the regi ment was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Gorhara. General Granger and Governor Blair felt that the coramand of this regi ment should be in the hands of a thorough West Point soldier -with no uncertain record, and looking around for such a man. 48 HUNDEED BATTLES General Granger remerabered Captain Philip H. Sheridan, of General Halleck's staff, an^ as Governor Blair happened to be at Farmington he recoraraended Captain Sheridan for the position and the following order was imraediately issued: MiLiTAEY Department of Michigan, Adjutant-Gejsteeal's , Office, May 25th, 1862. Captain Philip H. Sheridan, U. S. A., is hereby appointed Colonel of the Second Regiment Michigan Cavalry, to rank from this date. Captain Sheridan will iramediately assume command of the regiment. By order of the Comraander in-Chief. Jno. Robertson, Adjutant-General. 'This order was made out at Pittsburg Landing and de livered to Captain Sheridan by Captain Alger, and Quartermas- ter Frank Walbridge, on the 26th, and next day — May'2'7th, Colonel Sheridan walked into camp and was introduced to the officers. In his quiet, unostentatious way he soon won the respect and confidence of the entire command. By the following order it will be seen that our new colonel got himself iraraediately into business: Headquarters Aemy of the .Mississippi, FaiTOington, May 2'7th, 1862. General Goedon Geangbe: You will send a brigade of cavalry, to proceed by some se cluded route, to a point on the Mobile , <^ Ohio railroad, a't least fprty miles south of Corinth, with instructions to destroy the railroad bridges, trestle works, telegraph wires, etc., -wher ever it is practicable, and to render the railroad u'seless as far as possible. ¦ ' In your ordefs to the pfficer commanding the, brigade, you MA.L-GBN. GORDON GRANGER, U. S. V., Colonel Second Michigan Cavaley. IN THE WEST. 49 will give him the necessary instructions as to his moveraents, being careful that he is to return by a different route frora that pursued in his forward movement. Respectfully, Jno. Pope, Major-General Coraraanding. On the following day he writes to General Halleck, that one, regiraent returned from luka, thus leaving but two regiments, the Second Michigan and the Second Iowa Cavalry, to raake the hazardous expedition into the enemy's country; to strike the ad vance of a retreating army of 35,000 men. Who oan ever forget the thick darkness of that moonless, starless night when our coramand cut loose frora all encumber ing baggage and set out by a circuitous route, avoiding towns and camps of the enemy, upon a trip that was to thoroughly test the endurance of horses and men? Not a sound above a whisper, or the steady tramp of hoofs, the jingle of spur and saber, to keep heavy eyelids from closing, as hour after hour, by two and two we went wearily alpng, not knowing what moment an ambush might frustrate all our plans, of which we subalterns and men could only guess. Of such a thing as the evacuation of Corinth we had not dreamed, or doubtless when we reached Booneville on the morning of the 29th we should have felt raore nervous. The following shows what we really had to encounter: Headquaetees, Corinth, May 30th, 8:40 a. m. Majoe-Geneeal Halleck: My advance, the thirty-ninth Ohio and forty-second Illinois, entered town and planted the United States flag on the Court 50 HUNDEED BATTLES house at 6:40 this raorning. They were the first troops in the place. I ara throwing forward ray cavalry and artillery' in pursuit. The enemy retired by the Mobile road yesterday. ' Jno. Pope, Major-General. Therefore When our little handful of raen attacked the forces at Booneville and held the place for two hours, while the trains, depot and munitions of war were being destroyed, the greater part of Beauregard's army was within a mile or two of us, re treating rapidly toward our raiding party. Colonel Elliott, of the second Iowa, was in command of this expedition. Colonel Sheridan second in command — and as the regiments were very much reduced in numbers by sickness and detail upon detached service, there were less than 1,200 men in the expedition. In his report to General Halleck General Pope writes: "They blew up one culvert, destroyed track, switches; burned up depots, locomotives and twenty six cars loaded with supplies of every kind ; destroyed ten thousand stand of small arras, three pieces of artillery, a great quantity of clothing and araraunition and parolled two thousand prisoners who could not keep up with the cavalry. The enemy had heard of his move ment and had a train of box and flat cars, carrying 5,000 infan try and artillery, running up and down to prevent his reaching the road. The whole road was lined with pickets. For several days Colonel Elliott's coramand subsisted on raeat alone, such as they could find in the country. For daring and dash this ex pedition has been distinguished in the highest degree." This was strictly true, although Beauregard in his repott^ belittled the affair, and made glaringly false staternents. IN THE WEST. 51 Colonel EUiott, in his report of this expedition, speaks in very flattering terms of the command under him, and raakes special mention of the services of Colonel Sheridan, Lieutenant- Colonel Hatch, second Iowa, and Captain A. P. Campbell, the lat ter commanding a detachment of the second Michigan, that did some special service on our right (the enemy's front center) in re pulsing the enemy while the work of destruction was going on, and says, the route taken covers a distance of two hundred miles, traveled between the early morning of the 28th and the even ing of the 31st of May, 1862; and refers to it as the first expedi tion of the kind in the war of the rebellion. The following is Colonel Sheridan's report of the Boone ville Raid: Headquaetees Second Michigan Cavaley, Camp near Farmington, Mississippi, June 1st, 1862. Sie: — I have the honor to report the following, as the operations of my regiment at the capture of Booneville, Miss issippi, on the morning of May 29, 1862: My regiment was formed a short distance in rear of the town, and on the left of the second regiment of Iowa cavalry, when I received directions from Colonel Elliott, commanding, to take one half of the regiment and pass to the south of the town, and destroy a bridge on the Mobile & Ohio Railroad, leaving the other half of the regiment in reserve, to support rae, should it be necessary. I proceeded rapidly in the direction indicated until I reached the road, then down the road one and a half railes, but found no bridge or culvert. I then learned that there was no bridge, except -the one at Baldwin, some nine miles fur ther down, and that defended by three regiments and one bat tery. Directions were then given to the corapanies to . destroy 52 HUNDRED BATTLES the road by tearing up the ti'ack, bending the rails and burning the cross-ties.' This was done, with alacrity at four differerit places, by both officers and men, and continued until I received orders frora the Colonel commanding to join him at once at Booneville. While these operations were going on, a dash was made by a squadron of rebel cavalry at our rear and on the right of the reserve of ray regiment, but was handsomely met by the reserve command of Captain Campbell, who disraounted a por tion of hi.s command, and when the eneray came within range, received them with a volley which caused them to break and run in all directions. While passing to the south of the town and along the rail road, I captured about five hundred Confederate soldiers, one hundred of whom had good percussion muskets, the balance I . think had thrown their muskets away. They were placed, along the road to defend it, but made no resistance. I turned them loose after breaking up their guns, as we could not be burdened. ; with them, in our rapid return to this carap. i I have the honor to report that the officers and men of my regiment without a single exception behaved well. ; I respectfully bring to the notice of the Colonel command-' S ing, Captain Campbell, commanding the i-eserve. Captain Alger,, who commanded the line of skirmishers in my advance, and Adjutant George luee, who rendered important services. My regiment returned to camp without any casualties. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. H. Sheeidan, Colonel Coraraanding. To Lieutenant C. F. Maeden, Adjutant Second Brigade, Cavalry Division, Array of the Mississijppi. General McPherson was at the time in charge of all the railroads in General Halleck's army. He said if it had not been,? for the engine and ears we cut off at Booneville, he could not IN THE WEST. 63 have supplied the arraj-, as the Tennessee River was then too low for transports to move, and there was , not rolling stock enough south of the Ohio River to move the immense supplies required. On our return to Corinth (or Farraington) we learned of the evacuation and then realized that we had been giving Beaure gard's whole army a brush. Our loss was very slight, and after one night's rest — such perfect rest as comes to weary bodies after long privations, with a feeling of perfect "security for one night's undisturbed slumber — we were again in the saddle and off for the front. Passing over the scene of our daily struggles — here our outpost camping ground, there a well worn path where chain guard, videttes or grand rounds had made every tree, stump, log and knoll as familiar as the cow paths at our old northern homesteads; and just across the little opening a glisten ing rausket or a little puff of sraoke raust surely greet us if we go farther. But these forbidden grounds are free once more and we go cheerily along — through deserted rebel camps, earth works, fallen ttees, abattis and on tbrough more threatening forts, near which mysterious graves were made to give up their buried treasure of heavy siege guns, too heavy for rapid flight. If we had passed days and weeks at the front we were for a time at least well toward the rear. How long we were to remain so was soon revealed to us; for on we go through Corinth with scarce a halt, and on toward the scene of our late raid, nor did we halt until we were within sound of guns again. On the 4th of June we passed the still smoldering fires of Booneville, and saw the ground covered with shot and unex- ploded shell thrown from the cars, the explosions of which it is 54 HUNDEED BATTLES said led the Confederates to believe they were attacked in force, and it really did sound like a fierce engagement with artillery and musketry. Had they but kno-vim we were a mere handful; had we but known how near we were to Beauregard's main army, how different the result might have been for the "Twin Seconds!" On the morning of the fifth of June we were again press ing the enemy toward Blackland. Encouraged by the conatant giving way of the enemy's rear guard, Colonel Sheridan pushed on by the raain road leading frora Booneville to Blackland, our right flank. And here a digression seeras necessary. History reveals the fact that General Pope, though sick in his tent at Booneville, had suggested to his superior in comraand that by united action, a vigorous push would undoubtedly result in the capture of a large portion of Beauregard's broken, disheartened army. Assurances of support upon the right and left flanks were not proraptly given, and thus left to himself Pope was in doubt how far Halleck desired the moveraent carried south. The army, or that portion of it acting with Pope, had been everywhere successful, yet we were usually very cautious. ' General Pope had written to General Halleck that he could probably take possession of all ,the country as far south as -Baldwin, but tb hold it was another thing; it was a long distance from his base of supplies and therefore he had given instructions to his sub ordinate officers not to push beyond certain points but to re turn to Booneville and go intocimp. Therefore when ColoneU Sheridan went out on the Blackland road it was to find out what the strength of the enemy was in that direction and return, IN THE WEST. 55 The colonel did not propose to fritter away much tirae scouting and skirmishing, feeling cautiously here and there and give the enemy a chance to organize for a determined stand. Yet it must be confessed he had undoubtedly been deceived as to the condition of the banks of a little muddy stream, nearly dry, that lay in our path, across which there was but one bridge, a little log, mud-covered affair not to exceed twenty feet in length. With a few men out on the flanks the column at once put a stop to the scattering fire and dashed forward through the nar row forest road, capturing here and there a picket or a straggler and keeping up a running fire for a mile or more, then with a shout and our saber battalion in the advance, closely followed by the heavier dragoon portion of the regiraent, we went whirl ing down upon them; nov thought of halting until the little bridge was crossed, the hill gained and we found ourselves within' pistol range of a heavy park of artillery supported by a division of infantry. There they were, in plain sight, only a few rods distant through the trees; there was evidently some consternation among the infantry; but the artillery met us with shell, and its support, or those imraediately near, gave us a volley — bullets and buckshot being about equally divided. The shelling of the woods was calculated to strike terror into the hearts of older soldiers than we were, yet remarkably few showed outward signs of fear. A very close call was that for Colonel Sheridan, who, when the enemy opened with shell, had his hat knocked frPm his head by a piece of broken shell, and as an orderly handed it up — "Rather a close' call, Stephenson" — was his only remark, and few were aware how near we came to losing our Colonel at the beginning of his career. "The 50 HUNDRED BATTLES bridge!" That one thought seemed to seize every one, and before the command had fairly died away in the thick smoke that sur rounded us, a battalion under Campbell had dismounted and were in line ready for any forward moveraent on the part pf the enemy. Colonel Sheridan quietly withdrew his troops under cover of the woods, the dismounted raen covering the I'etreat safely, and in a short time all were back across the bridge; a few, however, trying the stream, found it almost bottomless and only succeeded in getting out with extrerae difficulty. One of the raost remarkable escapes occurred to an orderly, whose horse, a new one, could not be checked when the artillery opened so close. Dashing into the muddy streara, he climbed the bank, panting and nearly exhausted, only to lose his footing at the very top, and reeling; fell backward a distance of twenty or thirty feet nearly perpendicular and struck upon his head, but his rider, a sraall, youthful soldier, slipped from the saddle at the very crest of the bank and landed square upon his feet unharm ed. One look satisfied him the horee was or would be dead shortly, and he mounted ari unsaddled mule and rode away. This showed conclusively what a splendid opportunity was lost to the enemy that they did not attempt, at least, to capture the whole of us by a rapid forward movement at the time our bugle sounded the recall, but it would have cost them dearly. The expedition was successful and had ended without doubt m thoroughly arousing the enemy to a sense of the dangers that beset them if they lingered there long, which they did not do, for in a day or two wo were over the same ground again and ;not an enemy in sight. IN THB WEST. ' 57 It appears the enemy had withdrawn all forces toward Baldwin, forty-one miles south of Corinth, the direction in -which Rosecrans' s division had been moving. The second was therefore soon ordered to join the advance down the Mobile & Ohio and on the ^th we were on the gallop along that railroad, and passing through Baldwin with scarce a halt, soon brought up at the little station, Guntown, about five miles farther than we were ordered to go, and therefore, finding no enemy in sight, with every evidence of a hasty departure, with the raidsummer sun beating upon the little band of Michigan raen, who had not slept nor eaten but little for thirty hours, we returned. Our knapsacks and canteens were about empty and twenty miles lay between us and our wagon trains. The country had been 'Stripped by the retreating enemy, and even a raw onion was looked upon as a luxury to be enjoyed only by the tireless forager; and raany a Yankee took his first lessons in drinking buttermilk and eating "corn pones" as we sauntered back to our -camp near Booneville, where our summer outpost campaign began, June 9th, 1862. CHAPTER VII. THE NOETH MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN PINE HILLS BACK TO BOONE VILLE — THE SECOND BOONEVILLE — EIENZI — A FLAG OF TEUCE. June 10, 1862: The enemy were now encamped at different;^ towns twenty five to forty miles to the south and southwest of Corinth, aud contented themselves with an occasional scout in our imraediate front, but their carapaign had been generally disastrous, not only losing inany of their best troops, either in action or by desertion, but greatly disheartening them hy their loss of territory, arms, accoutrements and fortifications. Though we held the key to the nor.th Mississippi country — - Corinth — with the railroads leading north, east, west and south,. yet the climate had begun to tell heavily upon pur troopsj and out of 1,200 fighting raen of six months before, the regiment could not muster over 450 to 500 effective men. The most healthy locations for a camp were selected for all the troops and it fell to our lot to take up a position between Corinth and Hamburg Landing, on a range of dry pine hills, where we might IN THE WEST. 59' not only recruit the shattered health of the raen but also the strength of our worn and jaded horses; adding new ones in place of those entirely worthless. Near by were the field hospitals — long rows of large square tents spread beneath the few scattered trees, and frora which raore men were carried out to their "long homes" than had fallen upon the battle field; and as many raore were sent away to the North as soon- as they were able to creep frora their cots upon. which they had tossed for raany weary days in the delirium of fever; or, moving about camp, living skeletons, around whose emaciated forms the coarse army clothing hung and flapped like animated scare-crows, hunting for something. Those were trying days for our troops. Genel'als saw their divisions melt into brigades; brigades to regirnents and regi ments to battalions. Men lying beneath the shade of hospital , tents saw stretchers brush past and asked no questions. It might be brother, father or faithful corarade; self preservation taught them only to ask theraselves, "will my turn corae next?"" and the heart grew callous and indifferent, though raen were buried "by the score. The few reraaining days of June went speedily by, however,. as we were simply recuperating, and our duties were little more than a picnic from the 9th to the 29th of June. But for those twenty days of light duty we paid dearly afterward. From the left and rear to the extreme front was only a jump of little raore than a day. We were getting settled down in carap, a bit horaelike, on the 1st day of July, 1862, near Booneville, when. early in the morning — immediately after Sergeant Smith (after ward Captain- Smith) had gone out with his company to relieve ^0 HUNDEED BATTLES -the picket, stationed about three railes and a half south and ' west of Booneville, under Lieutenant Scranton (afterward Major Scranton), word came back that our pickets were being ' driven in. It appears that during the previous week a company of the Third Michigan Cavalry had been partially captured at the same point during the night while on picket duty, and, that fre quent night raids had been made on outposts all through that oountry. As we looked upon this as a sort of guerrilla warfare that deserved to be stamped out, several of the Second's officers had expressed a desire to be attacked in the same manner. In fact we were all getting somewhat conceited with our death- dealing revolving rifles. Therefore when Colonel Sheridan said,.1 in his quiet way, "Captain Campbell, you may take two com- i panics more out and see what's going on," there was a look of ¦eager determination upon the face of every man that was some thing wicked to behold. -; When Captain Campbell arrived on the scene he discovered;! that Lieutenant Scranton had already repulsed the enemy twice, though falling back each time and that his (Campbell's) arrival was very opportune, for the enemy were swinging quite a heavy column around to our left and were likely to capture, or de moralize that part of Lieutenant Scranton's command, which he was then hurrying in from the righf to a more favorable posi tion on the Booneville road. But let us hear what Colonel Sheridan had to say respecting the second Booneville: Headquaetees Second Beigade, Cavaley Division, , Camp on Kings Creek, Mississippi, July 2d, 1862. Sir: — I have the honor to report that in obedience to your instructions, I established my brigade consisting of the second ry THE WEST. 61 Iowa and second Michigan cavalry regiments at Booneville, Mississippi, June 28th, and threw out strong pickets on the numerous roads approaching that place. On the morning of July 1st, a cavalry comraand of between four thousand and five thousand raen under General Chalmers advanced toward Booneville on two converging roads. The head of their column on the Booneville and Blackland road came in- contact with my pickets three and one-half miles southwest of Booneville. This picket under command of Lieutenant Scran ton, second Michigan cavalry, fell back slowly, taking advan tage of every tree to fire frora until they , came to the point where tho second road on which the enemy were advancing in tersected this road. At this point our picket had a strong posi- ^tion and good cover and were presently reinforced by a second corapany, and subsequently by three companies more, all of the second Michigan, under command of Captain Campbell. The enemy had, up to this tirae, only shown the heads of his columns. At this point, our resistance was so great, that the enemy was obliged to deploy two regiments on the right and left of the road. Information was then sent to rae, that the eneray were in force. I sent word to Captain Campbell to hold the' enemy, until I could support him, and if necessary to fall back slowly. Previous to this time, I had stationed one bat talion, second Iowa, in Booneville. I then directed Colonel Hatch to leave one company of his regiment in camp, and take the balance of his regiraent and the battalion in Booneville, ex cept two saber corapanies, and form in rear of Campbell, cover his flanks and support him by a charge, should the enemy break his line. While this was being done, the enemy attempted to drive Captain Campbell from his position by a charge through the open field. In this they did not succeed, but were gallantly repulsed with great loss, my men reserving their fire until they were within twenty-five or thirty yards, when they opened a fire- on them with their Colt's revolving rifles. They then com menced turning the flanks of Captain Campbell's position, when he retired to another strong position in his rear. /.C2 HUNDEED BATTI^IIS. As soon as the enemy saw him retiring, they again charged him, but he succeeded in repelling theiri by collecting his men together in groups, when a hand to hand conflict took place, the men in some cases using the butts of their guns. At this time, Lieutenant-Colonel Hatch, second Iowa, came up with his sup ports, and this position was raaintained for a considerable length of time. The enemy again coramenced his flanking moveraents, pass ing around our left, crossing the railroad and approaching the left of our camp. I then determined to turn their left flank, and make a bold dash at their rear; this was handsomely executed by Captain Alger, second Michigan, with four saber corapanies, two frora second Michigan, and two from second Iowa. The Captain passed around their left flank by a circuitous route, until he came directly on their rear, on the Blackland road. He then chained the enemy with sabers, and drove thera until their overwhelraing numbers obliged him to retire. At the same time that I gave the order to Captain Alger to attack their rear, I directed Lieutenant-Colonel Hatch, second Iowa, to move a portion of his regiment to their left flank, and if a good oppor-- tunity occurred to make a charge. This movement was finely executed, and a dash raade successfully at their left flank. The charge of Captain Alger directly in their rear, and the dash made at thera on their left, by Major Coon, second Iowa, together with the determined and stubborn resistance of Captain; Carapbell, with his one hundred and sixty rifleraen in front, so rauch disconcerted the enemy, that they commenced falling, back, leaving a Iar,ge number of their dead and wounded officers and raen on the field, and were followed up a distance of four railes. At this point the eneray crossed a difficult swamp, and night coming on, the pursuit was abandoned, and the troops ordered to return to camp. Our loss in this affair was killed, one; wounded, twenty^ four; missing, sixteen; tptal casualties, forty-one. The loss of the enemy must have been severe, as we -were occupying good positions ,all the time, and well covered, while IN THE "WEST. 63 / they used the open grpund .for their deployment. They have taken a number of wagons from the people to carry off their dead and wounded. Among the wounded that fell into our hands, are two Lieutenants, who will die. I respectfully bring to the notice of the General, the good conduct of the officers and men of ray command : Colonel Hatch, second Iowa; Major Coon; Captains Gilbert and Queal, second Iowa; Captain Campbell, Captain Alger, Captain Wells, Captain Schuyler, and Lieutenants Scranton, Hutton, and Nicholson, of the second Michigan, all behaved with great gallantry. Major Hepburn, A. A. A. General Lee, and Lieutenant Thatcher, who acted as aids during the day, are deserving of great praise. I am sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, P. H. Sheeidan, Colonel Commanding Second Brigade, Captain R. O. Se'lfeidge, Cavalry Division. A. A. G. , Cav. Div., Army of the Mississippi. Headquaetees Aemy of the Mississippi, July 2d, 1862. The General commanding, announces to this Army, that on the 1st instant. Colonel P. H. Sheridan, second Michigan cavalry, with eleven companies of the second Michigan, and eleven compan ies of the second Iowa, was attacked, near Booneville, by eight regi ments of rebel cavalry under Chalmers, and after an eight hours fight defeated and drove them back, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. The coolness, determination and fearless gallantry display ed by Colonel Sheridan, and the officers and raen of his cora mand, in this action, deserve the thanks aud adrairation of the Army. By order of General Rosecrans: W. L. Elliott, Brigadier- General and Chief of Staff. 64 hundred battles Headquaetees Second Brigade, Cavalry Division, July 2d, 1862. General: — The eneray have retreated, and in all proba bility to Guntown and Saltillo. There are none of thera to be found between Booneville and Blackland. I have two companies of infantry and a battery of artillery for support furnished by General Asboth, which is all that is necessary at the present tirae. We were attacked by General Chalmers, with the follow ing regiments:— Brewer's 200; Say's 800; Adam's 874; Green's 800; first Alabama battalion, 180; Kentucky battalion, 180; •Carson's 800; Balsac's 800; and probably two others. P H. Sheridan, Colonel Commanding. Brigadier-General W. L. Elliott, Chief of Staff, Army of the Mississippi. This report was very concise, but Colonel Sheridan did hot state that he was niore fit for the hospital than active service that morning; and when we remember the plans, how they were laid, with each officer's special duty so interwoven with the whole plan of operations, we are compelled to acknowledge that right here was evidence of true military genius in this young officer's career at the very threshold of life — the very first en- gageraent he ever had the opportunity of planning and execut ing, and of greater iraportance than an Indian fight. What Corinth was to the whole Northern army, that also was Booneville to Corinth. Roads lead to Blackland, Guntown, Tupelo, Jackson and tho great strategic points of all the Miss issippi valley; and the opportunities for flank moveraents by the Confederates were very limited. Hence, the defeat of Chal mers by Sheridan, was looked upon as a great victory, regard- BOONEVILLE. IN THE WEST. 65 less of the numbers engaged, or the losses upon either side. A study of the following map, roughly sketched frora memory, will enable us to realize the full importance of tho position and the brilliancy of the engagement that ended so victoriously for our troops: Ins Camp BOONEVILLE. By referring to Colonel Sheridan's report to General Rose crans, it will be seen that the force opposed to us, under General Chalmers, was no small scouting party but was composed of the fighting men of eight regiments — at least 4,500 men, and when these formed in solid column and charged down upon our little band of less than 500 (166 at that particular point) in that winding woods road with oak pperiings on either side, through which either artillery, infantry or cavalry would have no 66 ¦ HUNDRED BATTLES trouble in operating, it is not saying too much surely to write that stubborn engagement down as among the most heroic struggles of the war. That deadly fire, the emptying of saddles, that half living blockade of fallen horses and men — who, that saw it, can ever forget the struggling raass, groaning, cursing, shouting and creeping from beneath the heaps of dead and dying horses and ¦ men? Surely this is more than a skirmish. And our men! Take a look at them. Their horses — where are they? Not far off. And if they have been driven from one position their next is not far in the rear, and every tree and bush hides a whole battery of small arms, while along the line, with a look of fierce deterraination, strides the "big captain," pistol in hand, and near him the other officers — the non-commissioned officers and men — who so ably assisted him in that hand to hand encounter with ten times their number. No wonder the rebels thought it Yankee brag, when afterward told how small the number was opposed to thera on that day ; and when Captain Alger, with his four companies, dashed in upon the enemy's rear, the work of strategy was complete. Bewildered, uncer tain as to our real strength, discouraged, outgeneraled, the gay Chalmers, who came so near being captured by Alger's com mand, turned his horse and allowed his men to save themselves as best they might. For their part in this action Captain Caraplell was promot ed to lieutenant-colonel and Captain Alger was promoted itfj major. Prompt recognition of valuable services was character istic of Sheridan. With, Campbell, standing like an enraged tiger, at bay in his lair; and Alger and his trusty foUoweifjj IN THE WEST. 67 impetuously assaulting him in rear, Chalmers did well to retire and look better into his situation. If he did not know Sheridan before, he knew him then. On the morrow, when the writer, as aid to Colonel Sheri dan, went over the grounds with an escort to see how many wounded were left, every house was found to be a hospital, while all that were able to be reraoved had gone and many of the dead were buried or carried away. In reviewing that engagement after a lapse of more than twenty years, the thought occurs to us that there could have been no greater proof of the wisdom and fitness of military skill and judgment than was shown in the arraing of these sturdy men of Michigan with just such arras as they had; drilling thera in just the tactics by which they were drilled and giving them just the colonel that was given them. And let it be re corded in the annals of American history that a battalion of disraounted Michigan cavalry held their own against a division of cavalry and infantry, on equal grounds, without earthworks, fence or thick woods; and this was our loss: killed, 1; wounded, 25; missing, 16; total casualties, 42. And thus was the key to this important outpost held without reinforcements, which reached us late in the afternoon, though it is quite probable that the whistle of the locoraotive and the cheering of the men in camp had something to do with accelerating the movements of the enemy toward their rear. This victory gave us comparative rest for a month, during which time we raoved carap three times, looking for the most desirable location that could be found. Good water and a dry camp were not always obtainable in that land of swamps. 68 HUNDRED BATTLES But Rienzi carae the nearest to being a perfect ca;mping ground that we found in all that country, while pleasant roads, an abundance of open fields for pai-ade and drill grounds (to say nothing of horse races) made camp life quite endurable for those who were blessed with raoderate good health. Many incidents, not strictly historic, will be reserved for Part Second of this volume, that will forever stamp Rienzi as the carap of all others filled with stirring events of camp life on the frontier, including "A Fiag of Truce," "Capturing Out posts," etc., and this chapter is closed with Colonel Sheridan's report of the repulse of the rebel Colonel Faulkner. Headquaetees Second Beigade, Cavaley Division, August 27, 1862. Captain: — I have the honor to report that my cavalry " pickets on the Riplpy road were attacked yesterday, about two o'clock p. m., by a large force of the enemy, say seven hundred to eight hundred. The pickets were rapidly driven in, followed by a sraall detachraent of the enemy, to the vicinity of my carap. The command was quickly turned out, and Colonel Hatch directed, with two battalions of his regiraent, to attack the eneray, supported by Colonel Lee with two battalions of the seventh Kansas. Upon the approach of this force, the enemy exchanged a few shots with them and broke and ran, closely pursued by Colonels Hatch and Lee, who were directed to drive the enemy beyond the Hatchie. The second Michigan was held in' reserve. The enemy made a stand at Nowland's Store, but were attacked so vigorously that they again broke and, fled, this time scattering in every direction. From this point to within flve miles of Ripley there was a complete rout, the road was strewn with shot-guns, dead horses, hats, coats, blankets, etc. Colonel Faulkner, commanding this rebel force, was so hard pressed IN THB WEST. 69 that he separated from his coramand on one of the little by paths and made his escape. He left us his hat, however, as did nearly the whole of his coramand. The pursuit was continued to within five miles of Ripley, and until after dark, when the coraraand was ordered to return to camp with their jaded and worn-out horses. Our loss in this affair was two badly and four slightly wounded, and four or five missing, some of whom I think, will probably come in. The loss of the eneray I am unable to state; it was understood they were guerrillas; unfortunately eleven prisoners were brought in. About two hundred shot-guns,i twenty horses, and a large number of pistols were also brought in. The effect of this rout must be very discouraging to the enemy. I doubt if ever they will fully collect together again. All but three companies were raw levies. The effect on our men was very exhilarating. I cannot speak too highly of the proraptness with which the command turned out, being ready and in pursuit of the enemy in fifteen minutes after the first information of the enemy's approach was received. P. H. Shbeidan, Brigadier-General Commanding. Captain W. C. Russell, Assistant Adjutant-General. Official: F. D. Geant, Lieutenant-Colonel, A. D. C. As usual, the second Michigan was imraediately sent out after the return of the chasing party and the country was scouted beyond Ripley. But the second Iowa and seventh Kan sas had done their work thoroughly; no enemy was found, except in the distance a shadowy horseraan, repeating the tac- -tics of yesterday. CHAPTEli VIII. FEOM COEINTH to PEEEYVILLE — COL. PHIL. GiETS HIS FIEST STAE — capt. AECHIE CAMPBELL MADE COLONEL INCIDENTS BY THB WAY^AFLOAT ON THE OHIO CINCINNATI LOUISVILLE — GENEEAL BUELL — ROUSSEAU AND SHERIDAN. The comparative quiet our troops had enjoyed in the north Mississippi country since the victory of Sheridan over Chalmers at Booneville had been a great blessing to the Confederates under Beauregard, giving tihem time to mature plans, offensive, rather than defensive, and they improved it in a bold campaign, far to our left, not stopping to menace Nashville or any other strong- '; hold we might have had. September 1st, 18G2, Bragg's army, crossing the Tennessee river, marched triumphantly, without check or hindrance, through the states of Tennessee and Kentucky, nor stopped until they had neared the gates to Ohio and Indiana at Cincin nati and Louisville. The abandonment of Corinth was not to be thought of, but- aniong the troops withdrawn from that key to the South, Sheri- IN THE WEST. 71 dan requested and obtained leave to bring with him his old reg iraent. He had now won his first star, and was ordered to take ' command of an infantry division. Early in September, 1862, the outposts south of Corinth were drawn in and preparations made for leaving a strong gar rison force at Corinth, while the raain part of that army started on a race with Bragg for Kentucky. Railway transportation was used as far as possible and the 9th of Septeraber found the Second at Columbus, Kentucky, having filled every car, outside and in, to its utraost capacity, riding on top of box cars, many of them, with that reckless aban don and boisterous hilarity so common to soldiers under such circumstances. It was more like an armed picnic excursion than a headlong rush to battle. At Columbus we embarked on government transports, and this embarkation was a scene long to be remembered, for its novelty and excitement. Thirteen transports lay at the levee, receiving their burdens of horses, mules and government wagons. From frowning bluffs looked down upon us great black iron "dogs of war;" and at their base, upon a level plateau, lay scattered about heaps of torpedoes, shot aud shell. Braying mules and neighing horses were hurried — carried if necessary — along the plank on board, occasionally falling, feet uppermost, in tbe muddy waters below — disappearing for a moment, then clambering out to be led and pushed, more vigorously and with less patience, along the giddy walk; and when night closed in all were ou board, the plank hauled in, and with a bright Southern moon for our light; 72 HUNDRED BATTLES myriads of twinkling stars, flashing jack-lights and glaring fur nace fires, the ropes were Cast off and we set out for the . Ohio' river. The entire trip was a grand holiday rest; and never did troops enter into the spirit of fun with greater zest than on this. occasion. In ten days, after passing |;hrough sorae little exciteme.ni occasionally from scattering guerrilla fire, along the bank, we halted at Louisville^ only to learn that Cincinnati w^s threatened, and on to that point we pushed without disembarking. But we were iraraediately ordered to return to Louisville, where we found the city under great exciteraent. According .to rumor the whole rebel army was ready to march in and take possession. But our forces were now arriving in large numbers^ :, and* the city began to breathe more freely. Earthworks were hurriedly thrown up around the suburbs, frpra river to river, while the cavalry began to push out, scouting and finding the river road southwest clear nearly to Elizabethtown. The Second raade a dash upon that place, capturing the out posts arid a portion of the troops sta!tioned there. A Confeder ate flag waved defiantly frora the court house, but Sergeant-,- Major Hoyt, with a few men frora Corapany F, rushed in, re gardless of how many might be secreted there, and tore it down,. bringing it away triumphantly. We retired leisurely to our camp at Louisville, and immediately began our heavy picket duty,, whole regiments going out and standing to horse all night. On one of those darkest of Southern dark nights we took the Bardstown pike, and found the enemy strongly posted within a few miles of the city. We crept up as near as possiblfe IN THE WEST. 73 and received a raking fire of grape shot from a battery, but fortunately they fired low and only one raan was killed — Lieu tenant Daniel Moody, of Company E,* the first blood of the Kentucky carapaign. Knowing their position and having no •desire for night battle, we retired a short distance and stood to horse all night, but no further deraonstrations were made on either side. Colonel Sheridan had now received his coraraission as Brigadier-General, to date back to the Booneville fight, and Captain Carapbell was raade colonel frora the same date. We received some recruits and new horses arid once more the regiment was finely mounted and in good shape. The struggle imraediately began. On the first day of October, 1862, the grand army of Don Carlos Buell marched out of Louisville with 58,000 men^ — a grand j>ageantry of war — flags flying, bands playing, gaily caparisoned horses dancing, and the heavy rattle and clank of artillery wheels mingling with martial strains of fife and drum. beat. Proudly the Second responded to the order — to "take the frorit," upon the center, while from every road troops c^me -pouring out of the city. Would this be another "Bull Run?" Out upon the Bardstown pike we raarched, and soon raet the enemy's outposts. Firing, then retire to give the alarm, and then began that meraorable Kentucky carapaign — cavalry at tacking skirraish lines; sometimes mounted, oftener dismounted, -Steadily moving forward, pressing the enemy's rear guard, and a continuous running fight of seven days followed, over every foot of ground frpm Louisville to Perryville, during the week * He had that day received notice that a lieutenant's commission was on the way for him, but he was never entered upon the roll as such. 174 HUNDRED BATTLES that intervened, by night or by day, sleeping as we could catch it, by the road side, in the fence corners and in grove, or woods; always without tents, and generally with only hard bread, bacon and coffee for our rations — the country having been stripped by ' Bragg's army. Clouds of dust filled the air — no rains for weeks, and the only liquid refreshment found to moisten our parched throats was from muddy, stagnant pools, in rocky dry creek bottoms, through which the whole Confederate cavairy had tramped. Was it any wonder that men swallowed Ken tucky apple-jack in draughts that would have killed a man un^ der ordinary circumstances ? We neared the hills beyond which Chaplin Creek wound- along, and to it we were looking with eager eyes, hoping in a few hours to revel in the luxury of clear water. A wreath of smoke; a sharp crackling report; a whizzing, screeching sound, followed by a bursting shell close to our lines,. warned us that the enemy had found a good place to raake a stand. This being Kentucky soil, it was proper that a Kentucky regiment should have the first opportunity to crush the invaders. A well raounted regiment of them — the seventh — dashed away in good style, down across the valley and up the opposite hill. It was probably their first charge, and therefore we should not lay it up against them, if imraediately ' ori striking the enemy and finding them strongly posted with grape and canis ter in abundance, they very soon "struck for their homes," ha1i- less and considerably demoralized. It was a very unsoldier-like thing for the men of the Sec-" ond to laugh and shout, and they were iramediately giyen an IN THE WEST. 75" opportunity to do better; but whether from pride or otherwise- they moved up with a few companies thrown out, dismounted and staid. The battle of Perryville has never been fully understood by the general public. It has been treated by newspaper histo rians as a mere skirmish. How many are there that ever knew that nearly 10,000 men were either killed or wounded, and that the struggle was almost continuous either on the right or left, and often at both wings, from sunrise until long after dark ? Fourteen hours of fire and smoke, with lead and irop hail, without food or water, deserves more than a contemptuous notice. It will not be attempted to do that battle entire justice in- this volume, but we feel it dtte our regiraent and all the troops that participated in that fierce struggle to record in brief some of the general movements, and, if possible, direct attention to the causes which led to our failure in securing not only victory for our arms but a crushing defeat for the eneray. The Second, with two corapanies thrown out in advance,. had driven the enemy's rear guard across Doctor's Fork of Chaplin Creek, on the Springfield road, late in the afternoon of October 7th, and beyond that haystack which has been made historic. Here we were checked by sharpshooters. At first their firing was so far away on the hills, removed frora the main body of their troops, that we could not hear the reports of their guns, but their bullets were uncomfortably close with their hiss ing music. One of our companies was deployed on the right and one on the left of the road, and creeping forward, dis-^ mounted, we determined to dislodge them, when down upon us 76 HUNDEED BATTLES with a Texas yell carae a squadron of rangers, their leader raounted upon a fine gray stallion. Giving thera a well directed volley they were scattered, the commander falling with a mor"- tal wound. His comrades abandoned hira, for raany of them were apparently hard hit, but the horse stood rautely by, until fhe dying captain was removed to a house near, which at once became a hospital, and this was the first victim of Perryville. The charging- party returned to their forces on the hill; their artillery opened on the mounted portion of the Second as they stood near our skirmish line, and it began to look as if we were to close the day in a general engagement. Our line was soon strengthened by infantry and artillery, but it was now too late for any further advance that night, and the cavalrv were ^lad to give up the post of honor for one of rest. i PERRYVlLliE. IN THE WEST. 77 Early in the morning of October 8th, "those revolving rifles" were wanted at the front again. We found the eneray had retired a short distance, but we soon uncovered their posi tion after crossing Doctor's Fork, where we were met by a brisk fire from musketry, lodged in a wooded hill beyond, at • easy range. The regiment was immediately ordered to "dis mount and fi^ht on foot." Horses were left in the rear and the men only checked their steps when it was discovered an unusu ally large body of sharpshooters were decimating our ranks. The advance, consisting of six comjianies, under command of Major Alger, pressed forward to the foot of the hill.* "Under cover" was shouted along the line, and every puff of smoke was met by another. Two regiments of sharp shooters confronting each other raeant no boys' play. We were now face to face with the Arkansas sharp shooters. A hand, a hat, or the smallest part of a body exposed, on either side, was sure to receive a bullet. During this short stop seventeen ihen of Company D went down; other companies lost, but not so heavily. But we had five bullets to their one, and their fire was very soon silenced by our steady pouring of lead into their hiding places, and the enemy were glad to creep rapidly along the ground, and behind trees until the brow of the hill put them in temporary safety. But in doing so they lost heavily. The enemy formed a new line near by. Then, as if seized by a sudden impulse, the entire regiment sprang to their feet, flew over the fence and mounted the ridge, nor checked their steps until they had ?Major Alger was immediately after promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the sixth cavalry, and later to the colonelcy of the fifth, serving in the Shenandoah with. Sheridan, ahd later was brevetted for meritorious service to brigadier and major- ¦ general. 78 HUNDRED BATTLES driven the enemy down the hill on the other side. Then the enemy's new line met us, and it was too hot for so small a number, even Avith revolving rifles. Again the raen were or dered under cover, and a part of the regiraent withdrawn. This was a signal for the Confederates, and leaping to their feet they rushed in strong force upon our battalion and we hastily retired. Here Captains Weatherwax and Barrow.s were each shot through the thigh. Captain Weatherwax hobbled off on one leg with the bullets jjlowing the face of the hill all around him. Captain Barrows was also brought away. And now our own infantry, the second Missouri and forty- fourth Illinois, carae to our relief, and gallantly took the front with, "You have done enough, boys, for this morning," and at sight of thera the enemy fell back rapidly. Not a waver along the line; but that steady tramp! tramp! tramp! moving on up over the hill. The scattering ceased and the only sound to be heard was the muffled tread of armed men. Again the rattling fire, but not a step was broken, and now we see those men with iron nerve raise their polished arms to a level with their eyes and— Woo-o-o! as if one hand had moved the whole; and forward upon double quick they go — loading -and firing at will, as they run. The enemy were driven from the ridge, and now as we look to the right we see our Phil and staff ridirig along the crest of the hill and know at once that^ these are a part of his division. The wounded are reraoved. Barrett's and Hiscock's bat teries are ordered up the right of the Springfield road and Loomis's battery on the left, where we moved and formed in his front and rear as a support, and here that old prince among IN THE WEST. 79 artillerymen fired away, over our heads, across tho valley, warn ing the enemy by his Avonderful close shots that they were no match for him at long range and that they Avere being watched. For an hour or more an artillery duel was here carried on, the eneray's artillery occupying the hills near Perryville. • What Avas occurring in front of Sheridan we can only con jecture, but we knew that his artillery was busy, and that occa sionally there Avere flank fires, raet by our infantry A^'ith crash .and cheer, and our lines were as yet unbroken. General Sheri dan's official report of his part in that engagement has been kindly furnished .and will tell the story from his own pen. As yet there were no demonstrations upon our center from the enemy's infantry, but Loomis's eagle eye swept the field, and.his gruff voice fairly shook the hills as, turning to General Rousseau, who had just rode up frora the left, he roared, "Gen eral, what is that away up that pike across yonder?" "Well, I should say it's dust!" "I should say so. Oh, I'ra not so full but I could tell that, ha, ha!" and that magnificent voice again burst put full above the bang and crash of his "Coldw-ater pets."* The cloud of dust grew. The enemy's artillery fire from the Perryville hills slackened. Again that rauttered thunder frora Loorais: "General, that's a large body of troops, and that's — yes, Harrodsburg pike. I guess we have tread on the tail of Mr. Bragg's coat, ha, ha!" "Here orderly, where's my glass?*' from Rousseau. "Mine is at your service. General," and taking it frora his *It will be remembered that Loomis's battery was known as the ' 'Coldwater" artillery. 80 HUNDRED .BATTLES hand, he gazed long and carefully, never dreaming that there was a hidden eneray much nearer. Returning the glass appar ently satisfied that he must move his division up from the leff to raeet them at the best possible vantage ground, he jocosely re marked: "Well, Loomis, you are all right, you can give them a small sized hell right here. I'm a Uttle lame, reckon I'll have to be going," and he jogged off back to his division and was soon seen moving quietly along, half, a raile to our left, with in structions from McCook (his corps comraander) to go as near to- Chaplin Creek as possible (our raen were suffering for water.) Rousseau expected some resistance, but he was not prepared for an attack from the whole of Hardee's corps. As they neared the bluffs they probably followed their skirmish lines closer than was prudent. In fact, closer than Rousseau intended they should. But the enemy kept giving way and it was impossible for our troops to resist the temptation to- follow. Suddenly, while Rousseau was making observations to his right, Hardee's corps arose, as if frora the earth, and poured a murderous fire into Rousseau's division. Almost at the first volley Generals Tyrrell aud Jackson fell, and Colonel Webster,. commanding a brigade, with them. Among the regiraents composing Rousseau's division were several that had been pushed hurriedly forward from their re cruiting rendezvous at the North, without discipline, scarce knowing enough of military tactics to execute a successful "Right face!" Left without brigade commanders, and a murderous fire pouring upon them, it is no wonder they were PHILIP H. SHERIDAN, Colonel Second Michigan Cavaley. Lieutbnant-Geneeal, United States Aemy. IN THB WEST. 81 driven back like sheep before the disciplined troops of General Hardee, with the flower of the Confederate army. But, General Rousseau had made one mista,ke, a very comraon one — a lack of caution — and he instantly resolved to" correct it or die in the at tempt. He rode fearlessly along the lines as the men fell back, firing the air fairly blue with lead, and shouting his commands. It was the moving spirit of the hour. They obeyed him. Every man stood firra and the eneray recoiled before that stub born band, that stood firing over their fallen corarades. A large part of our artillery had fallen into the hands of the enemy, when the balance of McCook's corps came to the res cue and a part of the field and artillery were re-taken. Within a few miles lay Buell, with half his army. Anxious eyes were turned as if the tramp of reinforcements could be heard ; but none carae and we only knew that Hardee had been reinforced and McCook was holding his ground at the left, while the roar of artillery and the rattle of musketry were appalling. Between McCook's position on the left and Sheridan's on the right was a space of half a mile, over which no heavy fighting had occurred, arid this must be held if possible by the cavalry, with the gallant LoPmis on our right sweeping the plain in our front and the hills beyond; or when occasion required pouring a deadly enfilading fire into Hardee. ¦ The loss of that hill was a serious one to the eneray. It was the pivot upon which swung the fate of the day. Had it been crowned with impregnable works, it could not have been of more value to us. Firing increased in front of Sheridan. The awful roar in 82 HUNDEED BATTLES front of Rousseau told of renewed struggles. Cheers rent the air; -lines wavered, gave way and rallied again in quick suc cession. The position of the cavalry was an unenviable one. Shot and shell frora either wing carae, crossing each other, and drop- : ping in our midst. Still the cavalry remained, ready to strike when and where most needed. The blood red sun sanklower in the western horizon, half obscured by smoke and dust. Would it "stand still," or bring this struggle to an end ? Every nerve seeras drawn to its f uUestl tension as Ave stand, and watch, and wait. Every raoraent seems an age. Gladly would we sweep down upon the eneray's flanks and end this suspense. But lower sank the sun, and as the twilight shadows gathered round, scattering shots from skirmishers in front of Sheridan be gan to attract our attention. The boom of a single cannon from Barrett's battery continued at regular intervals. A dark line of infantry crouched behind che artillery. Cheers of an assaulting enemy break upon the air close to Sheridan. Our artillery Avas apparently silenced. Had they abandoned their guns ? Would there ^e no f prther resis tance? Great Heavens! how the earth trembles, as from the throats of ten guns, double shotted with canister, there pours forth a sheet of liquid fire. The cheering ceased; but for a moment only, when, bravely facing death, the eneray come again, only to be met with another, as terrible as the first. Then was heard the voice of Sheridan — "Up boys, and give 'em hell!" and springing to their feet our infantry dashed upon IN THE WEST. 83 the wavering lines, putting thera to flight and covering the ground with the fallen. Our attention was now attracted to the left where the firing grew hotter, and Ave move up to as.sist Rousseau; but the sound of musketry died away as the darkness settled down, and the artillery alone kept up a defiant roar at close range until long after dark, while the bursting shells Avere above and about us, or plunged with a whirling heavy thud into the hill in our rear. At last silence came, broken only by the low, moaning wave that came up from five thousand upturned faces; aud spectral figures, bearing lanterns and stretchers, raoved about, searching out the living frora araong the dead. NIGHT SCENE AT PERRYVILLE. From Buell's official reports it appears that he had 58,000 men, but there were 22,000 new troops that were, almost entirely without drill or discipline, and we had not intended fighting at the point where the battle was forced upon McCook's and Gil bert's corps; and, that for two hours during the severe repulse to Rousseau's division Biiell had hq word from McCook and sup posed our advance was simply having a severe skirmish, 84 HUNDEED BATTLES While all military authorities that know Buell gave him credit for being one of the best organizers that our army con tained, nearly all united in condemning him for not throwing forward his available trooijs when it became evident we must fight or suffer the demoralizing influences of a retreat. Yet many thoughtful military men, on sober second judgment, admit that General Buell received more than his share of condemna tion. That at least McCook should receive adverse criticism for precipitating that battle without consulting his superior,'- and that General Gilbert and General McCook failed to act in concert; in fact that Gilbert left the right to be managed by division comraanders, who, though perhaps never so able, were not kept fully posted respecting the center and left; — in short that these two corps were not properly in supporting distance of each other. Our loss in this engagement was 916 killed; 2,943 wounded; 484 missing. Polk's corps of Bragg's array contained 35,000 effective men, the best iu their service; and with these Polk really fought that battle, while Bragg was away at Frankfort with the remainder of his army, organizing a, state government and expecting at least 20,000 recruits to his army, for whom he had brought arms with him. But he was greatly disappointed at the indifference of the Kentuckians and left the State in disgust — his army' greatly demoralized, and he lost about 15,000 men in all, includ-; ing desertions. His losses in killed and wounded were never correctly known^ but must have been at least double ours, as they were the assailants, and whole brigades were practicallyan- nihilated— notably in front of Sheridan when his batteries IN THB WEST. 85 opened upon thera Avith canister, at sunset, and were charged on the flank by Carlin's brigade at the critical raoraent and driven wildly through Perryville, where a large train of 'wag ons and 140 raen and officers were captured. The following is the report of operations of the eleventh division, army of the Ohio, in the Battle of Perryville, Ken tucky, October 8th, 1862: Headquaetees Eleventh Division, Aemy op the Ohio, Camp on Rolling Fork, six miles south of Lebanon, Ky., October 23, 1862. Captain :^I have the honor to make the following report of the operations of my division, in the action of the Sth instant, near Perryville, Kentucky : In accordance with the instructions of the General com manding I directed Colonel Dan. McCook, with his brigade and Barrett's battery, to occupy . the bights in front of Doctor's creek, so as to secure water fpr our men. This was done very handsomely, after a short skirmish at daylight in the raorning, giving us full possession of the bights. In about two hours aftei-wards the enemy advanced in considerable force, through a line of heavy timber on the eastern slope, to drive us frora this position. I had, however, in the raeantirae ordered forAvard Colonel Laibold's brigade and Hescock's battery, so that I felt rayself well prepared, and strong enough to receive him. I then directed Colonel Laibold to advance two of his old regiments and drive the enemy from the timber, and at the sarae tirae put the batteries into position. Colonel Laibold succeeded in driv ing the enemy back down the hill and across Chaplin creek, after an obstinate contest, in which the loss was severe on both sides, and Captain Barrett with one section of his battery, and Lieutenant Taliaferro with one section of Hescock's battery, drove the enemy from every position he took. About this tirae General McCook, with his corps, under HUNDEED BATTLES artillery fire from the enemy, made his appearance ori my left, when I advanced Captain Hescock's battery to a~i¥;ei-y good, position in front of the belt of timber above mentioned, where "he had an enfilading fire on the enemy's batteries on the opposite side of the valley of Chaplin creek, and advanced, at the same time, six regiraents to support him. The fire of Captain Hes cock was here very severely felt by the .enemy, who attempted"^ to dislodge him by establishing a battery .at short range; but Hescock's firing was still severe, and his shots so well ^ directed- and effective, as to force the enemy's battery frora its new position in ten minutes. The enemy then placed two batteries on my right flank, and comraenced raassing troops behind them with the apparent in tention of making an attack Pn that front, when, - by the direc tion of Major-Genei'al Gilbert, I reoccupied the crest of the hill. I had no sooner gotten into position than the enemy at tacked me fiercely, advancing with great determination almost to my very line, notwithstanding a large portion of the ground over which he was advancing was exposed to a heavy fire of canister from both of my batteries. I then directed a general advance of my whole line, bringing up the reserve regiments to occupy the crest of the hill. On our advance the enemy commenced retiring, but in good, order. I could not follow up this advantage to any great ex tent, as the enemy were advancing on our lef t, . General Mc Cook's right having been driven back some distance, but direct ed the fire of ray artillery across the valley on this advance of the enemy, forcing it to retire, thus very rauch relieving General McCook. This ended the operations of the day, it being dark, and the enemy having retired from the field. I cannot speak with too much praise of the good conduct of the officers and men of my whole division, all of whom were en gaged. The new troops vied with the old troops of the division in their coolness and steadiness. My brigade commanders. Colonels Greusel, Dan. McCook,^ IN THE WEST. 87 and Lieutenant-Colonel Laibold, behaved-with great gallantry, leading their troops at all times. Neither can I speak too highly of Captains Hescock and Barrett, and the offiicers and men of their batteries. I respectfully bring to the notice of the General command- ,ing the excellent conduct of Surgeon Griffiths, medical director of the division, who w£i,s untiring in his care for the wounded on all parts of the field; also the following officers of my staff: Captain Beck, Aid-de-camp, Lieutenant George Lee, Acting Assistant Adjutant-General, Lieutenant Van Pelt, Division Commissary, and Lieutenants Denning and Burton, for their activity in bearing orders, and other valuable assistance ren dered me during the day. The total casualties in ray division were as follows: Killed, 44; wounded, 274; missing, 12. Total, 330. I inclose herewith a list of same, giving names, rank, com pany and regiment. / The report is also accorapanied by the reports of brigade and battery comraanders. • I ara, sir, very respectfully, youv obedient servant, P. II. Shbeidan, Brigadier-General Coraraanding. Captain J. Edwaed Stacey, Assistant Adjutant-Generalj Third Corps. CHAPTER IX. AFTEE THB BATTLE CONFEDERATE EBTREAT A FLAG OF TEUCE "WB WILL BURY YOUR DEAD; MOVE On" SWEEPING THE STATE. When our troops lay down to rest after the fatigue and ex citement of the day we were in blissful ignorance of the results of the battle. We were bivouacked near our starting point of the morning, and most of us lay in a dry creek bottom, or along the fence corners, resting on our arms, horses only partially unsaddled, and we fully expected to renew the strug gle at daylight. The rumbling clank of artillery wheels, the trarap of infantry, the click of bayonets at the stacking of arms — all told of movements which we could only guess meant raaneuvering for position or guarding against surprise, and therefore when daylight came and found us ready, but no firing, we began to think perhaps a victory had been won. Moving cautiously forward we were soon upPn the battle-field, but no enemy in sight, except the stark and stiff unburied dead, side by IN THE WEST. , 89 side with our own heroes, and we could not refrain frora remark ing if our forces had been all engaged this dead line would not have been so near nor the deaths so divided. But what desecration. These walnut groves, fit haunts for childhood's sports — cut, torn, marred by war's grim ravages. Heaps of mangled flesh and rags steel the hearts of raen and rob thera of their humanity. Did there ever, such another nutting party as this crack and pick beneath these grand old walnut trees ? Bridles throAvn over the arm, horses nibbling at the smoke and dust begrimed blue grass, hogs rooting among the leaves, nuts and dead soldiers; and, kneeling here and there, bronzed cavalrymen cracking walnuts with all the relish of truant school boys. This is no exaggerated picture. Soon Avo move on and find our approach to the clear waters of Chaplin creek undisputed, and horses and raen dash into the first clear Avater they have drunk in a week. Then we were or dered to raoA'e on and find the eneray. Pushing forward raore rapidly we soon came up Avith their rear guard on the road to Harrodsburg and were again face to face Avith sharpshooters, but we were in no humor to lose time with them, and moving forward rapidly dislodged thera with a volley and charge straight into a heavy body of infantry. Retiring and re-forming, dis mounted, we were rapidly pushing forward to show thera we were deterrained to fight, even against odds, when a bugle sound -of "parley" was heard coming from the enemy's side, which we mistook for a charge, and were getting into position to receive them, Avhen we discovered a white flag and a fcAv mounted men -approaching us. Halting, and deraanding a halt, officers frora both sides stepped forward, when it was found the enemy desir- 90 HUNDRED BATTLES ed a cessation of hostilities and tirae to bury tbeir -dead. Word. was sent back to our general cojnraanding, who iramediately sent word to the Confederates, "We will bury your dead, Move on." They moved, and we were soon in hot pursuit again, but were ordered back to bivouac for the night near Chaplin creek. The smoke of battle had drawn together the lowering clouds, and all night we sat or reclined as best Ave could in raud and rain, with the windows of heaven open and a very , deluge drenching us through and through. ^ In the raorning, after pouring the water out of om- cavalry boots, which we had not reraoved, and pouring down our throats a pint cup of boiling hot raw coffee, we took to the road and soon found evidences of a .hasty retreat of Bragg's whole array, and we went galloping on through Harrodsburg, Lancas^ ter, Crab Orchard, .Wildcat, and nearly to Cumberland Gap— consuming about two days in our wild chase, and capturing a large nuraber of prisoners, when we returned to Crab Orchard to intercept John Morgan with his raiders, whom we chased for fifty-six hours with only six hours' sleep, driving him put of Kentucky. Kentucky was now well rid of all regular organized troops of the enemy, and for two months our regiment enjoyed the cream of soldier life; having our tents and carap equipage, well fed, and only raoderate scouting duties to perforra. Quartered. near the pleasant towns of Lebanon, New Market, Ncav Haven and Nicholasville, with one battalion detached to the Louisville & Nashville road, where they occasionally suffered from the ubiquitous John Morgan, who occasionally dashed upon them IN THE WEST. , 91 and on one occasion handled thera pretty roughly, the battalion losing a part of their forces by capture (an account of which will be found further on), but the main part of the regiraent continued in camp near Nicholasville, scouting a little, but mainly occupying their time in recruiting their -horses and get ting ready for the next move, which soon came in the forra of a raid that was to eclipse all former efforts of the regiraent, and for daring, corabined with long continued hardships, is destined to take high rank as a successful cavalry raid, when future his torians shall read up the events of the Great Rebellion. While the first and third battalions were doing general scouting duty through Kentucky, from Lebanon to Nicholasville and on, during the Carter raid, the second battalion, under Major Frank Dickey, was operating against John Morgan and other marauders along the line of the Louisville & Nashville railroad. After camping a few days at Mumfordsville they marched to Glasgow and with an infantry brigade went to Gal latin, Tennessee, where they remained, under General Reynolds, scouting about until the 20th of December, when they started' back towards Mumfordsville, and at Glasgow met some of Morgan's men, and had a sharp skirmish with them. Company C, being rear guard, had no knowledge of what had occurred, and marched into town after dark, and found they were getting ' mixed up with the enemy; could see them in every street. Hailing a citizen, they inquired which way the coraraand had gone. "Which comraand ?" "Second Michigan Cavalry." "They took that road, ancJ you'd better be getting out. lively, for there's Morgan's raen over there." 92 HUNDRED BATTLES They were not slow in takitig the advice, and on their way out of the town they captured two prisoners, overtaking the. coinraand after a brisk raarch of three or four railes. The bat talion lost five or six raen captured, and one wounded. On arriving at Cava City, Major Dickey reported to Col onel Stokes, in comraand of a regiment of raounted infantry. Major Dickey said, "I am ordered by General Reynolds to report to General Hobson, at Mumfordsville, and to him I am goirig, but I would like to feed ray horses, for we have rode all day and have had several brushes with Morgan and we are not in good shape to ride all night. John Morgan is coming and I would like to have you guard the road while I feed." "O, you're scared. John Morgan ain't within twenty miles of you. I wish he would come, we've been aching for a chance to wipe him out." Of course. Major Dickey was mad, but he smothered his wrath for the tirae, merely remarking, "I hope you may have a ¦chance." It carae, rauch sooner than anticipated, for the horses had scarcely begun to eat, when a shot was heard, then another, then several— a volley, a rushing sound, and through the feeding grounds of the Second, came the whole of Colonel Stokes's com mand, half-saddled, half-dressed, but thoroughly demoralized. They had abandoned their tents and camp equipage and were fleeing for their lives. One company turned out, dismounted, from the Major's little comraand of about 175 men, fired a vol ley and the eneray stopped. There Were probably not more than an advance guard of 50 or 100 men, and they retired for "their comraand to come up. IN TIIE WEST. 93 / Colonel Stokes, with his terrible annihilators, beat Major Dickey into Murafordsville four hours, the latter reaching there about daylight, after nearly an all night's march. Reporting to General Hobson, he found that a report had preceded him that the battalion had all been captured. One of the first to congratulate him on his escape was Colonel Stok(^s. "Ah," says the major, "who's scared now?" and notwith standing the difference in rank, the Major proceeded to dress the Colonel down in fine style, much to the amusement of Gen- eial Hobson. This was "Christmas," and the boxes from home were just, in time, and Avere duly sh.ared among the comrades. Next day the battalion was sent to Bacon creek to notify the command there. Men of greater military experience than Major Dickey have been surrounded, and therefore, it was no discredit to him that he should have fallen into a trap. But he fouglit his way out with the command, losing about 40 raen by capture, includ ing Captain Schuyler and Lieutenant MoCormick. These men were stripped of outer clothing, watches, raoney and pocket- knives, and next day Avere parolled, after marching them to Elizabethtown, and treated about as might have been expected. frora some roving band of Indians. Major Dickey retired to Murafordsville and soon after join ed the regiraent in Tennessee. CHAPTER X. carter's RAID- 750 MILES IN TWENTY DAYS MOUNTAIN PATHS AMONG THB CLOUDS — CAPTUEING FORTS BURNING BRIDGES. December 20, 1862: The mild winter thus far had given us a grand opportunity to ride about the pleasant section of ,' country surrounding Nicholasville, Kentucky, and become ac quainted with the hospitable people (generally) of the village and neighborhood. Our comfortable quarters had become something like horae to us. Railway communication via, the , Kentucky Central brought hews from the North, and some had begun to indulge in visions-of Christmas, when on the 20th of December, 1862, we set out with ten days' rations oi coSeef. sugar, hard bread and bacon, with instructions to leave behind everything except arms, blankets and rations. A degree of mys tery surrounded our movements leading us to surmise that our ten days would probably be a score of very hard marching— where, we knew not, questioned not, nor cared. At Mckeesville, Jackson county, on the second day out, -General Sarauel P. Carter (Admiral Carter) assumed command IN THE WEST. 96 of the expedition, which consisted of two battalions of the second Michigan cavalry, one battalion of the seventh Ohio and ¦the ninth Pennsylvania cavalry, a small brigade it is true, but they were tried men, well mounted, well arraed and thoroughly disciplined. Pack mules were loaded with provisions — the wagons turned back and we cut loose from the rest of the world, to march, and trust to a very poor country for the corn and fodder that must keep our horses on their feet while they trod the rough by-roads and mountain paths of that wild country. Bragg had preceded us through that portion of Kentucky two raonths before and there AA^as little left for us or our ani mals. Still we found a little arid followed our guides up and over mountains, through torrents; crossing the head waters of the Cumberland river and camping late at night where there was the raost corn to be had. What a Christraas was that! Winding along a mountain road that sometimes described a semicircle halfway between summit and base. Looking backward or f oiAvard the entire com mand could be seen as it A^^ound along the mountain side, the blue cavalry overcoats and the dark colored horses, marching by twos, gave the appearance of a long serpent creeping steadily onward until it disappears around a sharp curve in the nioun- tai,n road. ' The few Kentuckians remaining at home Avere out, with their sisters or sweethearts mounted up behind on their gentle fillies and mules, bound for the Christmas gatherings. But we plodded along, occasionally passing over higher mountains, along whose crest the gathering mists beat upPn us in drifting sheets,. yo HUNDRED BATTLKS and we began to realize what it was to be up among the clouds. At night these mists became colder and as we opened our eyes in the morning they were greeted by a mantle of snow, which soon disappeared, however, when the sun came, and we wended our way on to the foot of the Cumberland range. Here was a very sharp climb of nearly a mile, with no roads better than a narrow, steep path, along which the men, disraounted, found the horses had quite enough to do to clamber alone without carrying a man on their backs. To have taken an ambulance or a piece of artillery would, have been an impossibility. And when Ave reached that summit, at Crank's Gap, panting and wet Avith perspiration, what a feeling of triumph possessed us as we cast our eyes back over the grand panorama of nature glowing with' the setting sun's rays, bathed in the soft, hazy atmosphere of a Kentucky Cliristraas time. And again, as we crossed to the southeastern slope of the mountain (we were thirty-five miles northeast of Cumberland Gap) and halted for the setting sun to hasten on to rest, what a glorious sight burst upon our vieAv! Standing a little in front, nearest the edge of the mountain^ down whose side we knew we must soon go, stood General Car ter, Colonel Carapbell, Colonel Walker and the staffs of Gen eral Carter and Colonel Carapbell. Behind them a thousand determined raen who had taken their lives in their hands and set out to follow their leaders whithersoever they went. - In front— ah! how language fails to describe the grandeur of . that scene, made up of valleys and mountains, one range after another; fading in the distance as wave succeeding wave of ocean fades away into and forms a part of the blue ethereal dome of heaven, leaving no line to trace the division where IN THE WEST. 97 earth leaves off and air begins; across the rugged Blue Ridge mountains of southwestern Virginia; over the diraly outlined ranges of northeastern Tennessee, and on to the nearly invisi ble Smoky range of North Carolina, twenty leagues away — and all this reflecting the glow of the setting sun! Not a sound disturbed the ear, save that of a single ax, that fell in regular beats far down the raountain side at our feet. Not even a jingling spur or saber raoved, and silence, almost oppressive, fell, as the light of day went out, and we raoved, with whispered words of command, down into the enemy's country, where it was known Humphrey Marshall, with a division of rebel cavalry, was scouting about, occupying a country through whioh neither infantry nor artillery could be used. As we moved down the rugged path, sliding, stumbling along in the darkness over rocks and logs as best we could, lead ing our horses, a staff officer was placed by the side of the mov ing column and a pass-word was given out. "If you are asked what command, say Nixon's Georgia Cavalry and Mack- lin's Tennessee," and as such we passed near Jonesville, Vir ginia, in our general southeast course, meeting occasional dwellers of that wild country, but meeting no serious resistance during the first night, as, hour after hour, we pressed on at a sharp walk, and an occasional trot in the rear, to close up the column. Once a shot was heard in advance and the column halted long enough to ascertain the cause. The night was quite cold, and before the officers were aware of it the men had set fire tothe corners of rail fences all along the road and we moved on with a bright track marking our 98 HUNDRED BATTLES course. This drew out the few scattering inhabitants and com pelled a large amount of lying on our part to throw them off the track, for we had every reason to believe every inhabitant would turn bushwhacker if they knew the truth. According to our yarns, the number of Yankees we had slain and captured was something marvelous. ' Our clothing was thus explained, and we passed ori uninterrupted, finding good roads and few occasions for halting. • . . In the morning we carae upon good corn-fields and allowed ': the horses to feed and refresh for an hour, when we were again in the saddle, and marched all day with scarcely a halt, fording- the Clinch river and passing over the Blue Ridge by a good wagon road, and on into the night. - Who can forget the half sleeping, half waking horrors of that weary second all night's march, as we staggered, now into the fence corners, now against a tree? No moon, nor yet a star, to light our path. Darkness, pitchy darkness, enshrouding us, it was next to irapossible to keep our command together; Often a sleeping man halts and all the command in his rear must halt until those in front, who were able to keep awake came back to arouse them, and the command again moves on. Officers, feeling the responsibility of their positions, rode back and forth along their comraands, crowding back into the road the straggling raen and keeping themselves awake by constant exertion. Dur ing the night our command came to a road where two roads ; became one, and here our expedition carae near having an encounter that might have proved disastrous. A scouting party from Humphrey Marshall's command marched into our column near our center and marched some IN THE AVEST. 99 distance before either Avas aAvare of the presence of the other. A few words passed betAveen our men and theirs, which resulted in a rautual discovery and au .exchange of shots at short range. One of our men fell dead and another Avounded. What the results of our shots were we never knew, but we immediately separated, and they werq apparently as glad to get aAvay from us as we were frora thera. But this aroused our men; there was no raore sleeping that night and our column was well closed ujj. And so, on the morning of the 30th of December, 1862, Ave began to move more cautiously, and about ten o'clock a few corapanies, dismounted, Avere preparing to move fprAvard to the crest of a hill over-looking the little station of Zollicoffer, wehn a solitary horseman came marching up the road, leisurely -toward us. A few of our officers rode forward quietly, and after saluting, the horsem.an was found to be the major in com mand of the post. Our skirmishers were advanced to the crest of the hill and halted under cover of a fence and the officer was told it was useless for the garrison to resist. The beAvilder- ed raajor, out for a raorning ride, seeraed unable to reply, but without waiting for his decision a single staff officer was sent forward, with two mounted men in advance, and the three rode across, the bridge at a walk, receiving "a salute from the rebel guard stationed there, and passed on to the headquarters of the guard, near the railroad bridge and depot, then being formed into line to receive some one, they knew not whom. Our staff officer rode up, was saluted by the entire guard and their commander, when the staff officer coolly ordered "Order arms," "ground arms," backward march," and then informed the astonished officer 100 HUNDRED BATTLES of the guard that "along the crest of that hill a thousand rifles cover you. You are prisoners. Stand where you are until par olled." The movement was watched by General Carter, and the command marched in before there was time to reflect, and not a shot was fired. Then commenced the work of destruction and the entire command realized for the first that we were destroying railroad communications between Richmond and Bragg at Murfreesboro' Plere was the Holston river, spanned by a long Avooden trestle bridge. Canteens of turpentine were emptied upon the timbers, the match applied, flames leaped across the network like flashes of lightning, and while the prisoners were being par olled the bridge fell with a crash upon the water and rocks below. The depot, filled with supplies, and the barracks met the same fate, while a portion of the command pushed on«to Watau ga. Here the enemy had received an intimation of our coming; and Avere ready to receive us;' but it was useless. Our revolv ing rifles were too much for them, and with a dash it was soon captured, though not without some loss on both sides. Here was another bridge, and while the flames leaped and crackled, a loco motive which we had captured, was run upon the tottering' structure and with a loud crash our work was proclaimed "fin ished;" whether we got away alive or should be captured was a question of considerable doubt in our minds. These two bridges, ten miles apart, destroyed, told their own tale of disas ter to any reinforcements attempting to move hurriedly through that great railway thoroughfare. Soon after dark the two portions of our command were IN THE WEST. 101 concentrated; and after feeding the horses and resting them an hour we .were again, at raidnight, mounted and away through unfrequented roads, in the darkness that, if not Egyptian, was at least too black for a black horse to follow a white one even, except by sound or^ sraell. This was now the third night of the third day that we had raarched without sleep. It was a question of life or death; of physical endurance rather than strategy. Could we hold out ? Could we keep awake ? We could, and we would. But this darkness. This unbeaten path. No broad highway for us to-night. He must be a faithful guide, indeed, that brings us through this thicket. Then we are told that General Carter, hiraself, is farailiar with this country. "Well, that's a corafort, anyhow," says one. "I'll bet ray old shirt General Carter never rode through these woods of a dark night before in his life," says another. "Look out!" and heads are ducked just in time to receive the full benefit of a swinging limb, square in the face. This torment was continued with little interuption until near morning, when Ave stopped to breathe and rest our jaded horses. When daylight came Ave found wfe were in a small, rich valley, Avith a good cornfield near at hand. The horses were fed and groomed, and again we pushed rapidly forward. At Estellville our retreat was intercepted by a force of the enemy sent out in search of us, but we drove them off after a sharp little skirriaish, and again took the best road we cpuld find, pushing on with a determination not to be diverted by any ordinary force of scouts. But the numerous mountain passes afforded a splendid opportunity for bushwhackers, who kept up a constant guerrilla warfare on our flanks, in our rear and in 102 HUNDEED BATTLES our front. At our crossing of the Clinch river the shoalest place was up to our horses' sides; the current swift and the bottom filled with loose stones. It was getting, quite dark and guer rillas fired upon us from every tree and hill, but our horses and men had just been well fed, and with a desperation that knew no checking Ave pushed on across safely, and entered upon our fourth all night march. But we now had a good road, and had caught an hour or two of sleep in the morning, so we hal no de lays of a serious nature, but kept steadily on, all night and all dav; though our march by day Avas one of continued annoyance from long range Kentucky rifles. At Jonesville we were fired upon from the houses, overtaken by Marshall's scouts, and nothing but our haste saved the, village from fire and destruction. Soon after dark, however, Ave reached the foot of the Cumber land mountain agaih, which we had left five days before, and now as the fifth night began to darken and we found our way over the mountain unobstructed we began to breathe more freely and talk'of rest, which Ave all settled down to, at about ten o'clock, on the Kentucky side of the rnountain, and so secure did Ave feel that little attention was paid to pickets or outposts, - though they were, doubtless posted. But Avhether they slept on , their posts or not no one over asked or cared. But as the night Avas spent by most of the command in cooking corn cakes and coffee there were ahvays enough awake to prevent a surprise, and those AA'hose nerve had kept thera in the saddle, if they had, one, or kept them up with the coraraand, if on foot (for many had lost their horses), now gave away to tired nature's demands and slept. During the 3d of -January a detail of raen Avent in search IN THE AA^BST. 103 of food for the coramand, for we had lost and consumed all we had taken with us and Avere thankful for a small ration of corn meal, burnt corn and any kind of coffee we could get, without questioning as to its ingredients. The few loykl womep of the country gathered in and helped cook all night. On tho 4th we reached Colonel Gilbert's, and received rations of beef and bacon. Marching by the most. direct roads through Manchester we reached McKee's on the 7th, where we had sent our wagon trains. Our pack mule train had been used up and abandoned on the road, and our raen whose horses had given out came scat tering into McKee''s all night. From thence our march Avas cut down to about twenty or twenty-five miles per day, through Richmond and back to Nicholasville, Avhere most of the com raand Avent into camp, on the 9th of January. This Avas the second great raid of the war that terminated successfully, and we only learned on our return that our in structions would have been, if hard pushed, to break into squads and scatter through to North Carolina, or anywhere, to get away. We also then learned that while we were burning the bridges and destroying the railroad iu East Tennessee, Rosecrans Avas fighting the battle of Stone River, and our command received from him highly complimentary orders for direct service to his army in that great battle. The following were the orders issued in connection Avith the Carter raid: Headquautebs Aemy of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky., December 17, 1862. Brigadier-General S. P. Carter, United States Volunteers: General: — You will at once assume command of the 104 HUNDRED BATTLES cavalry brigade, coraposed of the ninth Pennsylvania volunteer cavalry; two battalions of the second Michigan volunteer cavalry; and one battalion of the seventh Ohio volunteer cavalry, and put it in complete condition for a long scout. The command will march without baggage, or supplies, and will take only one hundred rounds of araraunition to each man,' two axes to each company, one extra shoe, and spare nails for each horse and the necessary tools for shoeing, and such cooking utensils as are indispensable and can be carried on horseback. Respectfullj', your Obedient Servant, [Signed] G. Granger, Major-General, Coraraanding Army of Kentucky. Lexington, Kentucky, January 9, 1863, Major-General Gordon Granger, Commanding Army of Kentucky: General: — I have the honor to subrait tho following report of the operations of the expeditionary force to East Tennessee which was intrusted to ray command. Although a raoveraent on East Tennessee was proposed as early as the 25th of November last, it was not until the 19th of Deceraber that arrangements were completed and the necessary orders given for the raovement of the troops. It was hoped that, the force to be sent on this hazardous but most important ex pedition would have been much larger than that which the commander of the department felt could be detached for such service when the final arrangements were made. My original design was to have divided the force into two colurans, and strike the East Tennessee & Virginia railroad at two points at the same time, distant 100 miles apart, and, by moving towards the center, have destroyed the road for that distance; but on the junction of the different detachments I found that the number was too sraall to risk a division and I was, reluctantly, corapelled to keep thera united, or within easy supporting distance during the whole of ray operations. IN THB AVEST. 105 Having given orders for the junction of the forces — con sisting of two battalions of the second Michigan cavalry, ¦Colonel Campbell, the ninth- Pennsylvania cavalry. Major Russell, and one battalion of the seventh Ohio cavalry. Major Rainy— near the mouth ot Goose Creek, Clay county, Kentucky, I left this place with my staff on the afternoon of the 20th ult. for that point. By your order Colonel Charles J. Walker, of the tenth Kentucky cavalry, was placed in comraand of the cavalry brigade. The troops were ordered to move without baggage, with ten days' rations and 100 rounds of ammunition, but as it was feared some difficulty Avould be raet with in obtaining forage, a supply train was ordered to proceed somo sixty miles on the route and there transfer forage and rations to a train of pack mules. On the 22d ult. I came up Avith the two battalions of the second Michigan and the ninth Pennsylvania at McKee, Jackson county, Kentucky, where we Avere detained a day wait ing for the supply train and pack saddles. On the 25th ult. we effected a junction with the remainder of the troops (first battalion, seventh Ohio cavalry), at Heard's, on Goose creek. I then found, to my surprise, that the whole force amounted to -only about 980 men, and of that number a considerable portion were in the field for the first time. The raarches, owing to the roughness and narrowness of the roads (being raerely bridle paths along the banks of creeks, and over steep and rugged moun- .tains), were of necessity slow and tedious, and their length had to be goverriedby the distance to the several points at which for age could be obtained. It was not until about meridian of the 28th that we reached the foot of the Cumberland raountain (on the north side), opposite Crank's Gap, twelve railes to the south .and east of Harlan Court House. The horses were fed, a day's forage prepared and the pack train sent back under charge of a detachment of the Kentucky State Guard. A little before sunset we reached the summit of the Cumberland mountain and had :the field of our operations with its mountain* and valleys spread 106 hundred battles out before us. I then held a consultation with tho officers of the command and it Avas the unanimous opinion that the force wafe entirely too small to venture ou a division according to the original plan. This decision seemed to be the more necessary from the neAvs we had received, through East Tennessee re fugees, at the foot of the mountain, relative to the disposition of the rebel forces along the line of the railroad. Soon after dark the advance commenced the descent of the mountain, hoping to make a long march before sunrise, but owing to the steepness, narroAvness and roughness of the Avay, the rear column did not reach the foot of the mountain until 10 p. jr. having' consumed four hours in the descent. I was told there were some 400 rebel cavalry iu the vicinity of Jonesville, five miles distant, and as it was important to move through Lee county, Virginia, without exciting suspicion, I moved down Cane Creek, passing through a gap in Poor valley ridge, and crossed PowelFs valley, about tive miles east of .lonesville. On- leaving the valley road our guides were at fault and valuable time was lost in finding the way. The march was continued through the night, and at daylight Ave reached the top of Wal- len's ridge, tAventy-two niiles distant from the foot of Curaber- land raountain, ancl halted to feed the horses. Thus far we had advanced without giving any alarm, or even exciting any sus picion as to our character. The, village of Stickley ville lay ira mediately beloAV us and but for .the imprudence of some of, the officers, in allowing the men to visit the village, we could have passed on as rebel cavalry. A number of rebel soldiers, belong ing to Trigg's battalion, came within our lines, supposing we were their friends, and were captured. In a short time we were again iu the saddle, passed through Stickley ville, across Powell's mountain, and through Pattons- ville. Before sunset we crossed Clinch river, twelA'e railes frpra Estellville, Scott county, Virginia, and halted for a couple of hours to feed. News of our approach had gone before us, but few of the rebels were inclined tb credit it, believing it im- ])Ossible that a government force would venture so far Avithin IN THE WEST. 107 their territory. Upon arriving at Estellville, at 10 p. m., Ave were told that a considerable rebel force was in possession of Moccasin Gap, prepared to resist our passage. I could not afford to lose time. The Michigan battalions were dismounted, and, under command of Colonel _ Campbell, a portion deployed and moved throngh the gap. Being unacquainted Avith the ground, and having to guard against an ambuscade in this strong pass, whioh could have been held by a small force against greatly superior numbers, Ave advanced with great caution. It was midnight before the rear of the column had passed through. The enemy, deterred by the resolute advance of our brave raen, fled toward Kingsport, East Tennessee, (as I afterwards learned), without firing a shot. A rebel lieutenant and several soldiers, with their arms, Avere captured on the south side of the gap on the Blountville road. During the remainder of the night we moved forward as rap idly as was practicable, over unknown roads, picking up rebel soldiers by lhe way. OAving to the darkness of the night, a portion of the command lost their way and became separated from the main body. A small force Pf rebel cavalry, hovering about our rear, killed a sergeant of the second Michigan and captured two others who had wandered from the road. At day light, on the morning of the 30th ult. Ave reached the town of Blountville, Sullivan county, East Tennessee, surprised and took possession of the place, captured some thirty soldiers belonging to the fourth Kentucky (rebel) cavalry and parolled thera. We were here inforraed that at Bristol, sorae eight railes distant, there was a large amount of stores, besides the meat of a considerable mimber of hogs, belonging to the rebel authorities, but as the place Avas guarded, according to the best information Ave could receive, by a regiment of infantry, under Colonel Stemp, said to be 900 strong, a cavalry force under Colo nel Giltner and a battery, we were reluctantly compelled to leave it on our left and move towards the railroad bridge at Union, six miles from Blountville. I accordingly sent forward Colonel Campbell with a portion of the second Michigan, under tho 108 HUNDRED BATTLES direction of Colonel James P. T. Carter, of the second East Tennessee infantry, toward Union, with orders to take the place and destroy the railroad bridge across the Holston river. As soon as the rest of the troops, which got separated from us dur ing the night, came up, I moved them rapidly forward in the same direction. When we reached Union, I found the town in our possession and the railroad bridge, a fine structure, some 600 feet in length, slowly burning. The rebel force, about 150 strong, consisting of two corps of the sixty -second North Car olina troops, under command of Major McDowell, had surren dered without resistance, the Major himself having been first captured by our advance, while endeavoring to learn if there was any truth in our reported approach. The prisoners were parolled and a large number of them Avere, that afternoon', on their way to the mountains of North Carolina, swearing they would never be exchanged. Their joy at being captured seem ed to be unbounded. The stores,, barracks, tents, a large number of arras and equipraents, a considerable araount of salt, nitre, a railroad car, the depot, etc., etc., were- destroyed. As soon as the work of destruction was fairly under way, I dispatched Colonel Walker with detachments frora the second Michigan, ninth Pennsyl vania and seventh Ohio cavalry, in all 181 men, the whole under guidance of Colonel Carter, tow-ard the Watauga bridge, at Car ter's depot, ten miles west of Union. On their way, they captured a locoraotive and tender, with Colonel Love, of the sixty-second North Carolina troops, Avho, having heard of the approach of the Yankees, had started, cn the locomotive, to Union to ascer tain the truth of tho rumor. On reaching the station about sunset, they found the enemy, consisting of two com panies of the sixty-second North Carolina troops, esti" mated by Colonel Walker at nearly 200 men, falling into line. Colonel Walker gallantly attacked them, and after a brief but warm resistance, they broke and fled to the woods. The gallant Major Raper, of the sixth Kentucky cavalry, Avith two com panies of the ninth Pennsylvania regiment, under Captain IN THE WEST. 109' Jones, of that regiraent, raade a dashing charge and captured and destroyed many of their number. Our loss was one killed, one mortally and two slightly wounded. The rebel loss was twelve to sixteen killed. Dr. McMillan, of the first East Tenn essee infantry, acting brigade surgeon, reports the wounds of thirteen, several of which were mortal. Owipg to the darkness of the night it was impossible to learn Avith certainty the entire loss. The railroad bridge across the Watauga river, some 300 feet in length, Avas soon in flames and entirely destroyed, also a large number of arms and valuable stores. The captured loco motive was run into the river and completely demolished, de stroying in its passage one of the piers of the bridge. The men and horses (especially the latter) were much worn and jaded frora constant travel and loss of rest. The alarra had been given. The rebels had the road open to Knoxville, and could raove up a strong force to resist us. I also learned that some 400 cavalry and four guns, under Colonel Folks, were within three miles of us; that an infantry force would be con centrated at Johnston's depot, six railes west of Carter's station, by daylight, and further, that Huraphrey Marshall, who was at Abingdon, was moving his troops to occupy the passes in the mountains, and thus cut off our egress. It was deemed prudent, therefore, to return. We left Watauga about midnight, and after a hard march reached Kingsport, at the raouth of the north fork of the Hol ston river, at sunset on the 31st ult. After feeding and resting a short tirae and issuing a ration of raeat to the raen we were again in the saddle. We passed eight railes south of Rogers ville and reached Loony's Gap, on Clinch mountain, late in the afternoon; passed through without opposition, and about 11 p. M., January 1st, reached a place on the edge of Hancock county, Tennessee, where forage could be procured, and biv ouacked for the night. This was the first night's rest we had been able to take since the night of the 27th ult. The command had been annoyed during the day and night by bushwhackers,. 110 HUNDEED BATTLES but we providentially escaped Avith only two raen slightly wound- ¦ ed. Soon after daylight on the raorning of the 2d inst. we re sumed our raarch towf^rd Jonesville, Lee Co., Virginia, with the intention of reaching the foot of Cumberland mountain, on the Kentucky side before w^e halted. Our march was much imped ed during the day by bushwhackers, Avho constantly annoyed our front and rear. Just before Ave reached Jonesville, they endeavored to check us, by occupying the hills in our front Avith two companies (suppospd to be Larimore's and Staley's), but they were soon driven from their strong position by the, skir mishers of the second Michigan. We reached Jonesville late in the afternoon, but before the rear guard had passed, it was at tacked by about 200 rebels. The rear guard, company K, second Michigan cavalry, reinforced by tAvo light companies, drove the rebels back to the woods. Several of them were killed, one in the village of Jonesville. Some twenty wete captured dur ing the day. We sustained no loss. From the prisoners Ave learned that the 23asses in Powell's and Clinch mountains, through which we marched in going to LTnion, had been .block aded and were occupied by three or four companies of infantry. [Note — The force encountered at Jonesville, it was afterward learned, was that of General Humphrey Marshall, and numbered some 1,900 men. J We reached the foot of "Cumberland mountain, passing through Crank's Gap, at 11 p. m. and bivouacked, men and -horses completely jaded and worn, having been in the last five -days and seventeen hours, out of the saddle but thirty hours. On the 5th inst. the command reached Manchester, Clay county, Kentucky, and rested on the day following. The march was resumed on the morning of the 7th, and on the 8th I received your order directing the several detachments to be sent to their respective camps. After reaching Richmond, on the 9th, they separated, the first battalion seventh Ohio, moving on to Winchester and the two battalions of the second Michigan . and the ninth Pennsylvania to Nicholasville. Notwithstanding the inclemency of the weather, the sever- IN TUB AVEST. Ill ity of the marches and the scanty supply of, rations for no incon siderable portion of the time, both officers and men bore their hardships Avithout a murmur or word of complaint. Tliey returned, after a journey of 470 miles, 170 of Avliich was in the enemy's country, in high spirits and in good condition, proud to think thejr had accomplished a feat, which for hazard and hard ship, has no parallel in the history of the war. Where all Averc so ready and Avilling to do their duty and performed- it with so much cheerfulness and alacrity, it is no easy matter to select a pal't for special commendation, but the twc battalions of the second Michigan, under comraand of Colonel Campbell, deserve particular notice for their drill, discipline and efficiency. From the superiority of their arms and their .skill in their use, they seemed to feel themselves iuA-incible, and Avherever there Avas an enemy to raeet, they advanced against him Avith. the coolness and steadiness of veterans. I am General, respectfully, your obedient servant, S. P. Carter, Brigadier-General Volunteers. The force asked for by me, and jiromised, A\'as some 3,000 men, and with that number the railroad running through East Tennessee could have been destroyed for more than 100 miles. Knoxville could also have been captured and the public stores of the enemy destroyed from Bristol to Loudon. No one but the commanding officer himself can know the disappointment he felt, when, on assembling the different detachments, it was found thev numbered, all told, less than 1,000 men, S. P. C. CHAPTER XL ebcupebating — pleasant houes shoet livkd farewell to kentucky off foe tennessee geeen clay smith — Thompson's station. Our raid into East Tennessee had cost us very dear in horses and accoutrements, as well as costing the officers consider able personal loss in pack raules, blankets, private property which the governraent did not recognize as refundable, and, therefore, the next fifteen days of rest becarae a necessity; still it was none the less enjoyed in the various ways incident to a soldier's life in a friendly country. At the end of a little more than two weeks our horses and accoutrements Avere pronounced in condition for another move, and we set out for Louisville — ¦ passing through Frankfort on the 27th and Shelbyville on the 28th. We reraained at Louisville frorathe 29th of January to the 3d of February, when the first and third battalions took the cars for Nashville, but did not arrive there until 3 p. m. of the 4th on account of obstructions. Here the second battalion joined us, on the 7th, after a separa- IN THE WEST. 113 tion of several months, and we remained in camp near Nash - ville until the 10th, with the town alive with soldiers, and the streets a perfect babel of noises — ambulances, array wagons, trucks, carriages and the clatter of hoofs combining to make this the noisiest and liveliest scene in all this land. On the 10th of February, 1863, the regiment broke camp at Nashville and moved out towards Murfreesboro, but the condition of the roads was such that our progress was slow, and we did not arrive there until next day at 4 p. m. The enemy was still lingering near, ready to pounce upon anyone venturing far from our main forces, but this did not deter our commander from send ing out one of our battalions, the first, on a foraging expedition, on the 12tb, taking the Bradyville pike and bringing in a good train of wagons well loaded with corn and fodder. This was repeated on the 15th, towards Liberty, the enemy's scouts watch ing our trains; but our scouts saw the tracks of horses going in an opposite direction. The eneray's pickets were driven in towards Liberty, and, turning about, their scouts were followed, resulting in a skirraish, the eneray retiring. On the following day our battalion turned towards Nash ville, by way of the Lebanon pike, fording Stone river, with the water well up on the horses' sides and the current running strong. Several days were occupied in swinging around to Murfreesboro, via Nashville and Cainsville, arriving back in camp on the 22d. The balance of the regiment had been kept busy, scouting and foraging in front of Murfreesboro, and on the 24th of February the entire regiment set out together for Franklin, where we arrived next day without incident of special note. Here began our raeraorable Tennessee campaign — recon- 114 HUNDEED BATTLES naissances, skirmishes and fights occurring alraost daily. The first of these was made in company with the ninth Pennsylvania cavalry February 27th, toward Springhill, where the enemy's pickets were driven in and the command returned to camp at Franklin. The country in front of Franklin was well adapted to the raovement of troops, and our position was strengthened by the erection of Fort Granger on the banks of the Harpeth river, overlooking the town and surrounding country. We had here a strong force of infantry and artillery and one brigade of cavalry with three good turnpike roads extending Southward from Franklin. This wais the right wing of General Rosecrans's army, and was destined to receive a good deal of attention from the enemy, and therefore the cavalry was kept op the move almost constantly. General Green Clay Sraith was in coraraand of the brigade, at that tirae known as the second brigade, second division, cavalry corps, army of the Cumberland^ and during his short stay with us the engagement at Brentwood occurred. This was a very severe cavalry skirraish, between one of Forrest's divis ions (Stearne's) and > our brigade. The enemy attacked our block-house, placed to guard a railroad bridge in our rear, and we arrived in time to assist in repulsing them, a portion of the command gaining a strong position, dismounted behind a stone fence, and another portion charging on their flanks forced them to retire in confusion. For an hour or more it. had every ap pearance of a general engagement, and the casualties Avere quite considerable for the numbers engaged. I reraeraber an incident at this time that illustrates what a man can endure. A large, fine looking young soldier from the 'IN THE WEST. 115 Second rode back to the rear with an ugly bullet wound through the mouth, passing out the back of his neck, and afterward we heard that he "died in htfspital," but were astonished not many months after to see him walk into carap, apparently well, though part of his jaw was gone. On the morning of March 4th, Colonel Campbell, in com mand of the cavalry brigade, was ordered to send put a part of the second Michigan and the ninth Pennsylvania cavalry, on a reconnaissance to Springhill, with Colonel Jordan, of the ninth Pennsylvania, in command of the cavalry and Colonel Coburn in command of the expedition. When five miles out we met the enemy in force. A sharp artillery duel ensued, followed by the enemy retiring, and our comraand bivouacked for the night, after driving them a mile. On the morning of the Sth of March, our Colt rifles renewed ' the fight and, with the assistance of the ninth Pennsylvania, drove the enemy three miles. Major L. S. Scranton, commanding the second Michigan, discovered indications of a trap, and checked his advance until Colonel Coburn Avith his infantry and artillery came up. Re porting to Colonel Coburn what he believed to be the position and strength of the eneray under General Forrest, the com mander of our expedition seemed to think the iriajor unnecessarily alarraed, in fact treating that officer and his two battalions of cavalrymen with something like contempt, or at least paying no ' attention to Major Scranton's words of caution, and without so much as bringing up his artillery, moved his infantry over the hill and down across an open field intending, no doubt, io drive -Forrest across Duck river. -As Colonel Coburn turned and 116 HUNDRED BATTLES followed his brigade over the hill, he appeared to have no staff officers, but in person directed the officer in command of one battalion of the Second to charge the enemy's battery. As that particulal- battalion had no sabers, but were really mounted rifles, the officer, a lieutenant, in his dilerama, reported to Major Scranton and asked for instructions; he directed that an orderly be dispatched to the ninth Pennsylvania, not far in the rear, with Colonel Coburn's order, and our two battalions imme diately took positions on the left flank, where the eneray were appearing in force to turn Colonel Coburn's left. Nor was there any time to lose. The eneray were swarming into the bit of woods, apparently a whole brigade of them, and in flve minutes would have had our defenseless ambulances and powerless artillery in their hands. The artillery was powerless, because they were in the road between two hills, where Colonel Coburn had left them, and were hemmed in and could neither move backward nor forward, nor could they turn out of the road by reason of the banks on either side. Worse than all, the com mandant of the expedition had left the ninth Pennsylvania cavalry to look out for our rear, when they were the only mounted men in the coraraand that were armed and equipped for a charge, and should have been at the front if such service was to be for a moment thought of j HoAvever, the Second had, in Major Scranton, a cool-headed officer, quick to grasp the situation, and the only thing that remained to be done at this stage of the blunder was to check the flank raovement of the enemy, which was done in good style, botb of our battalions being immediately dismounted and thrown under cover of the fence along the edge of the woods, a part of them lapping past IN THB WEST. 117 the woods into the open field on the left. Major Scranton re mained raounted, and rode fearlessly along the line, directing them and keeping the alignment perfect. Volley was raet with MAJOE L. S. SCEANTON. volley, and the eneray soon discovered they had no easy task on hand. About this time loud cheers were heard in the direction of Coburn, and then the firing ceased. The road had now be come clear and the artillery took up a position a short distance in the rear, expecting orders frora Colonel Coburn, but none came nor could we see what was going on at Thompson's Station. Suddenly another flanking party attacked our rear, aud Colonel Jordan, of the ninth Pennsylvania, turned his attention that way and attacking the enemy in our rear sent them flying into the woods and off around to our right to join their own forces. The Second then fell back and took position near our 118 HUNDEED BATTLES artillery, in plain sight of the enemy's flankers, but they ap peared satisfled to let us alone, and returned to enjoy the fruits - of their little game of strategy, which we now discovered was the capture of all of Coloriel " Coburn's infantry, except a part of one regiment he had left to- support the battery. Colonel Coburn severely censured the cavalry, claiming that we run away and left him. He also criticised General Rosecrans for this disaster. The least he has to say about that affair, the better. Only his own blind rashness was at fault for the failure of his expedition. The cavalry was not driven from a single posi tion, but fell back for a better one, and if he had been clear headed, he would never have gone with a brigade of infantry to attack 18,000 menin a strong position, without at least knoAving that his flanks were clear and his artillery in position to cover his retreat, should it be necessary. Instead, he left his cavalry and artillery in an almost inextricable tangle with his wagons and arabulance train, Avhich was apparently big enough to have brought back his whole command rolled up in blankets and bandages. That Colonel Coburn was a brave man, and his brigade all good men, there can be no doubt— they proved that, by w.alking straight up to the cannon's mouth in the face of overwhelming numbers, but he should have listened to Major Scrantpn when warned by that officer that a trap was being set, and ascertain ed first whether the force he left behind was able to take care of his flanks. In short, he was unflt, at that time, for the independ ent command of an expedition, though he would, doubtless, - have done his full duty as second in comraand. IN THE WEST. 119 It was said that General Gilbert, at that tirae in command at Franklin, underestimated the strength of the enemy and was at fault for Colonel Coburn's disaster. If that was true Gen-, eral Rosecrans did his Avhole duty by promptly reraoving him, and soon General Gordon Granger was iri command, ably sec onded by General Phil Sheridan. On the 8th of March the right wing of our army (the Army of the Cumberland) moved out on the Columbia pike, with the Second in advance. Meeting the eneray's pickets, seven miles out, and sending out our skirmishers, we drove back the advance line of the enemy, and held our ground until the army should come up. But darkness coraing on, we bivouacked for the night, our regiraent forraing the advance picket. Our lines were so near together that couA'^ersation could be heard frora one camp fire to the other. One of our pickets. Private Morris Fitch, distinguished himself that night by capturing two armed rebel scouts who were trying to st«al across his beat. "Surrender, or I'll blow you through!" Their arms dropped and he marched them at the muzzle of his revolver back to headquarters. Our line was maintained, and at daybreak we were again in the saddle; a raile further on we came up with the eneray's pick ets strongly posted. Dismounting and forraing a skirraish line we marched out of the little patch of woods, into an open field, and when half way across discovered the enemy in heavy force behind a stone wall, in the woods, with their cavalry formirig strong flankers in full view. A murderous fire was poured into our ranks frora behind the stone wall, when our commander, Major Ben' Sraith, shouted "Under cover," where we lay a few 120 HUNDEED BATTLES moments until the storra of bullets had slackened a little, when the voice of Major Ben wa.s again heard, "Forward, second Michigan!" Over the stone wall we went, firing as we ran through the woods, and, in less time than it takes to tell it, we had either captured or driven out the last one of them, across the field and up the hill. Thompson's Station was ours and we continued our advance beyond Springhill, closely followed, by the infantry and artillery. But not on foot all this while, for our raovements were rapid at times, and rails flew like straws if in the way of our rapid advance mounted. Some of the most serious injuries sustained were caused by men crowding through gaps where there Avas not room; but nothing could stop the impetuosity of our men when they felt they had good backing. Night came on, however, and we were compelled to bivouac, with a cold rain drenching us to the skin, and the driest place we could find to rest upon was a few rails spread upon the ground, with mud and water all about us knee deep. A cup of coffee and a piece pf hard bread seem thin fare for a tired and hungry man, but it was the best at hand and no use to mur mur. But to lie down in wet clothing in a pold March wind was not calculated to bring much comfort or recuperation to worn and weary bodies. Yet there were no complaints, and morning found us again in the saddle, pushing, skirmishing and fighting all day, driving the enemy across Rutherford creek, where we found them in force as night carae on. This str,eam, swollen by recent rains, was crossed and re-crossed after dark, our regimental commander. Major Ben Smith, nearly losing his life by being swept into deep water. But Ave gained the north bank of the creek and bivouacked for the night, occupying every house IN THE WEST. 121 and the schoolhouse in our efforts to find shelter for our men, not hesitating to burn furniture, school desks or whatever we could find to dry our clothing. Was that vandalism ? Who shall condemn? In the morning we were as ready as ever to take the front, crossing Rutherford creek for the third time, driving in the enemy's skirmishers and following them along to- Duck river, where the strong fortifications of Columbia stopped our further progress, and we retired leisurely to Franklin. CHAPTER XII. MIDDLE TENNESSEE THEEE MONTHS OF "pOSt" DUTY BOOTS AND SADDLES — GEANGBE — SHEEIDAN — WATKINS — CAMPBELL. To chronicle the moveraents of our regiraent during the next three raonths would be to repeat much that is scarce worth our time, not to raention the question of interest at the hands of those whose attention we desire to claira. In another part of this volume will be found the dry details of daily movements as recorded by the adjutant of the regiment; also the losses, by killed, wounded and missing, ip each engagement, which are purposely omitted from the historical narrative part here. As we look back over the intervening twenty years it appears to us as in a dream — those pleasant valleys of middle Tennessee where the corn had ceased to wave, but the green hills were just as rich in verdure, the early bird-song just as en chanting, the marvelous beauty of flower and shrub and tree undimraed; but our duty was not all poetry and romance. The hard realities of life met us every hour, whether by night or day; at the bugle's shrill call every man "to horse" and away,. raeeting the eneray on their own grounds, and, if necessary,. IN THE WEST. 123 attacking them in their strongholds. Every foot of ground between Franklin and Columbia became as familiar to us as our neighborhood roads at home. We picketed every road and scouted over every plantation, and he who crept near our lonely videttes at midnight or early raorning, when eyes were heaviest, found hira as alert as at midday. No sleeping ^yhere the safety of the whole command depended on his watchful care, and for this our regiment soon became favorably known to our com manders and as frequently recognized. Nor did it raatter to thera whether it was the Lewisburg, the Columbia, .Cai'fcer'B creek, Nashville pike or Mathews road, they were always ready and equally at horae. At the sarae tirae it became necessary to study the people. There were the loyal, the professedly loyal, the conservative southerner and the bitter secessionist, and as our raission was against arraed foes only, it often became a very difficult task to discriminate between the loyal and the professedly, loyal; but all were watched alike and our dealings with them made as agreeable as possible under the circumstances. As a rule, whatever was taken for food Avas paid for; yet as our array was the natural refuge of some of the worst elements of our northern society, as well as the same element from Can ada, the better portions of our army — though largely in the majority — were often powerless to prevent outrages. Two worthless vagabonds to a single corapany would give to that corapany a very bad record — except for flghting — and while they often were found in the thickest of the fight they appeared bullet proof; in fact the devil seeraed anxious to preserve thera for some special job, when they were sure to be on hand. Yet the regiment raade raany warra friends at Franklin, and that- friendship Avas appreciated. 124 HUNDEED BATTLES On the 31st of March and April 1st we had skirmishes at the front, with Colonel Campbell in command of the brigade, and Major Ben. Smith in comraand of the regiment. April 9th a part of the regiment were patrolling the road leading towards Murfreesboro when they were attacked by a strong scouting party near McGarrack's ford, but the detach ment held their ground and defeated the enemy. On the 13th our foragers went too near the enemy's lines and were driven in by a strong force, but not without loss to the enemy. General Granger's scouts reported an expected attack in force on the town and orders were issued that no fires be allowed near the picket ' lines. This was considerable of a hardship during the cool spring nights, but the order was strictly carried out. Wherever Gordon Granger was in comraand there was little rest for soldiers; if not in the saddle, carap duties were nuraer ous and insi^ections frequent. As a disciplinarian he had few equals, but as a downright aggressive fighter Phil Sheridan was ¦considered at least his equal from the start. Our commander at this time. Colonel Campbell, taken as he was from private life and advanced rapidly — too rapidly, per haps, for his own good — had much to learn, but he was an apt scholar in certain ways and was, as far as he was able to com prehend, an imitator of every valued military officer with whom he came in contact. His raanageraent of a regiment or a brigade often comraanded the admiration of his superiors, while he enjoyed the confidence of a majority of his own regiment, -especially the men, and they would follow him anywhere and rstay as long as he stayed. He often boasted that he cpuld hold IN THE WEST. 125 his own against five tiraes his number, and whenever he had the choosing of his ground, he proved the truth of his assertions. Frequently, while at Franklin, the regiment went after forage with the entire train of wagons, and though often attacked on these occasions, it was very seldora the regiment failed to bring back the train well loaded with corn or fodder. BEEVET BEIG.-GEN. A. P. CAMPBELL. On the 25th of April the bugles sounded "Boots and sad dles" long before day, and we crossed the Harpeth to meet an attack, but it proved a false alarm, and the regiment returned to camp. Next day, at midnight. Colonel Campbell was ordered to march with his brigade and capture a regiment of rebel cavalry caraping to the right of the Columbia pike, occupying . an advanced position of the eneray's force in our front. Out into the darkness with as little noise as possible, the brigade moved on, a mile or two, when it was reported to Col onel Carapbell that the second Michigan had missed the road they should have taken to the right, and were marchihg straight forward on the pike into the eneray's lines. Grasping the situa tion at once, Carapbell halted the column, directed his brigade^ 126 HUNDEED BATTLES adjutant to hold the command there until his return, put spurs to his horse and dashed across to the other part of his command, where he arrived just in time to prevent a collision. The delay caused by this raisfortune brought the faintest streaks of morn ing light, and as the adjutant knew the objects of the expe dition he communicated with Colonel Watkins, next in command, his fears if any further delay occurred, and advised him to assume command and strike while he could. Colonel Watkins received the order as coming from Campbell and immediately put his coraraand at full speed and charged upon the enemy's camp, striking them just as they were beginning to arouse from their slumbers. Many of the rebels raounted their bare-back horses and scattered, but most of them were captured, with their equipments and horses, and brought back to Franklin. For this Colonel Watkins was made a brigadier, while Campbell, Avho should have been promoted but for his misfortune, was permanently assigned to the command of the brigade, in place of Green Clay Sraith. For several days after this dash at the enemy they were very active, threatening our lines at all hours of the day and night. To be aroused at midnight and hasten to the front, only to stand to horse till daylight, and repeat the same thing night after night, was not congenial sport for cavalrymen, and the language indulged in on such occasions was decidedly forcible if not elegant. On the 1st of May the regiment had ari oppor tunity for venting sOrae of their ill feeling, and in a skirmish with the enemy in front of Franklin used thera roughly, captur ing a nuraber of prisoners. But, to their credit be it said> •prisoners were always treated with military courtesy, if taken IN THE WEST. 127 while in their regular line of of duty, but bushwhackers received little raercy— in fact few questions were asked as to what became of them, and no mistakes Avere ever raade that we heard of. During the raonth of May the usual routine of camp life was followed — including scouts, skirmishes, foragings and alarras, and we still' had time left for the enjoyment of much that Avas pleasant in that beautiful valley around Franklin — its Roper's Knob, surmounted by fortifications, the headquarters of the signal corps, the Clear running Harpeth, brpad plantations dotted with pleasant Southern homes, surrounded by groves of fruit and forest trees. But this apparent inactivity was only a breathing spell to give the country roads a chance to thoroughly dry while the wet season was passing, and on the 2d of June, 1863, we marched out of Franklin, leaving only a small garrison there, while our lines were being contracted to our left, our right resting for a time on Triune, and our active campaign for the summer was begun. CHAPTER XIH. TENNESSEE CAMPAIGN TEIUNE A SINGLE-HANDED CHAEGE — A GALLOP TO FEANKLIN — GENERAL ARMSTRONG — GUy's GAP — A TEN THOUSAND CAVALRY CHARGE STANLEY MINTY CAMPBELL. On the 4th of June, 1863, before we had fairly settled in camp at Triune, the signal corps reported Franklin attacked by a strong force of rebel cavalry and mounted infantry. Im mediately our brigade was in the saddle dashing off towards Franklin. That was a long race. No place for worn out horses, or delicate, faint-hearted men. At four o'clock p. m. the ar tillery firing could be heard, distinctly, above the clatter ,pf hoofs, sabers and spurs; and, plunging spurs into the sides of horses already white with foam, they madly dashed on, not knowing a word of the enemy they were to meet, and apparently caring little. Two hours later the second Michigan wheeled into line near Mathews house at Franklin, and, without waiting to dismount, opened their revolving rifles upon a brigade of rebel cavalry under General Armstrong, and in twenty minutes IN THB WEST. 129 the enemy were fleeing in every direction, with twelve of the eneray killed, sixteen severely wounded and twenty prisoners, while our own loss was trifling. The thorough railitary skill which seemed to possess every soldier of this comraand, whether officer or private, was some times remarkable. At this brilliant dash an incident occurred which will illustrate that fact. A private of corapany F, Tom Dixon, says: "I happened to be nearer company A than ^lo my own company, and fell in with them at the tirae corapany A, who were in the advance, wheeled into the woods at the foot of a lane, filled with large loose rocks. A volley was fired at us from our flank and the Johnnies were so close we had no time to maneuver, but without comraand every man threw hiraself from the saddle and let the horses go to the rear. In less time than it takes to tell it we had given the eneray a volley and were following them up with another in quick succession. The regiment saw our horses, galloping riderless back across the field, and not seeing any of us, concluded the whole company had been annihilated, and for a few moments there was grief and consternation araong them. But there was no time for that, and the boys came to the rescue on the gallop. About this time a Confederate officer said, 'Cut down the cowardly s b !' but he did not finish the sentence. He fell with his horse and was pinned to the earth. 'O, boys,' yelled the reb, 'where's your ambulance? Help me out; I'm hurt.' 'We hain't got no arabu- , lance,' says I; 'help yourself out and be d to you! We've got soraething else, to do besides waiting on blow-heads like you. Leam to keep a civil tongue in your head, will you!' An this while our fellows were coming up rapidly and com- 130 HUNDRED BATTLES pany A was holding the ground from behind every tree, stump or rock, and in ten minutes Armstrong's flag was ours and the lane and woods were full of dead and wounded. I got a dose in my foot that lasted rae all suramer." The rest of our brigade were busy, and the enemy were en tirely routed in an incredibly short space of time. This was the shortest and most decisive battle the regiment had been engaged in, and gave them renewed confidence in their strength. The prisoners stated that had they tnown the second Michigan was there they would not have stayed tP fight, for they knew what those revolving rifles would do, and declared they feared the regiment more than any other they had ever met. Among the trophies of this engagement was a new and beautiful Texas flag that had recently been presented to the Confederate General Armstrong. The wounded prisoners were removed to Mathews house and cared for, and the command bivouacked at Franklin until the night of the 6tb, when they returned to Triune. June yth wewere attacked in force; our pickets driven in and skirmishing continued all day with little loss on either side. On the 10th the enemy considerately gave us a rest long enough for the paymaster to discharge his obligations with the troops; but on the Ilth we were again attacked and skirmished with the enemy all day, with now and then a dash by either side, the Second generally holding their ground sturdily at the front and our brigade band swinging into line occasionally to greet the flying enemy with, "Out of the Wilderness," and never was music more appropriate. On the Ilth and 12th portions IN THE WEST. 131 of'-.the regiment had the disagreeable task of escorting a train to Franklin — disagreeable, because if there was a possibility of a fight, we w^anted a clear field, not encurabered with a helpless wagon train; but we returned safely next day, and for ten days thereafter were drilled, inspected and put in fighting trira for a grand forward moveraent. At this tirae the cavalry was reorganized, and our regiraent was assigned to the first brigade, first division of cavalry, army of the Cumberland, Colonel A. P. Campbell commanding the brigade, consisting of the second Michigan, ninth Pennsylvania, fourth Kentucky and first East T-ennessee cavalry. General R. B. Mitchell coraraanding the division and General D. S. Stanley coraraanding the eavalry coi-ps. On the 23d of June tents were struck and our regiraent pro ceeded along the Shelbyville pike, skirraishing with and driving the enemy till late in the afternoon, when our brigade was charged into by the enemy without breaking our lines, the enemy re tiring in confusion. When the regiraent moved through Eagle- ville, June 23d, artillery confronted them, and a portion of the regiment dismounted and routed thera; raounting they drove the eneray three miles. In this movement the eneray's artillery continued to fire until the Second were within eighty rode, when they limbered up and galloped away. This was a very hot day and men were falling out continually, and soon a flank fi/ring was heard, followed by a charge from the enemy. This was handsomely met by a counter charge from the first Tenn essee and the flankers retired in confusion. At this moment a single horseman was seen to leave the enemy's ranks and charge down alone upon our brigade in front of the first Tennessee. 132 HUNDRED BATTLES Nearly every man in that regiment and not a few from the Second fired at the charging figure, and at last stopped in blank amazeraent that the man was able to sit bolt upright in face of that shower of bullets. But he still came thundering on, while hostilities ceased on both sides to look and wonder if the man was made of iron, or, had he a chariried life. He soon rode in araong the Federal troops and the raystery was explained. A bullet had cut both reins, and the horse refused to cease charg ing; all that the rider could do was grasp the horse's mane and pommel of the saddle and hang on. His clothes were riddled and the horse had many a scratch, but the man's skin was whole, though it may be doubted if he breathed during his ride. Camping at Rover for the night the march was resumed, at 8 o'clock next morning, through Versailles and Middleton, where the eneray's cavalry made another stand, but the revolv ing rifles soon dislodged them, with severe punishment for the time engaged. Rains again set in and all roads except the macadaraized turnpikes becarae next to impassable, while the discpmfort of the troops was great; wagon trains could not keep up and our bivouacs were in the rain, no covering but our wet blankets and ponchos — and such rains as only Tennessee can boast of; while the red clay and black muck formed a barrier more serious than armed foe or frowning battlements. With such discouragements it was no wonder men should murmur, "Surely the Lord is not on our side — if He has anything to do with this weather." General Rosecrans had evidently intended to throw his strong right arm around Bragg and crush him before he should cross the Tennessee. We were a part of that strong right arm. IN THB WEST. 133 But our trains and artillery were hopelessly stranded in the mud. Granger, Stanley and Mitchell were all here, but push we could not. However, as the cavalry corps carae to Fosterville, and drove in the enemy's skirmishers, Stanley determined to abandon the mud-bound trains and artillery to their fate and strike with the cavalry alone. Guy's Gap was before us, three-quarters of a mile away, and along its crest stretching out to the right and left were earthworks breast high ; between us an open plain, ascending to the hill. The sun burst through the heavy clouds and shone full inthe faces of 10,000 cavalry, in two lines, division fronts; ban ners flying, bands playing and the coramand marching in as perfect lines as if on a parade. Such a sight was rare in the history of the war — a corps of cavalry about to charge earth works across an open fleld, and up a hill, "Steady! steady!" was heard in low distinct tones along the Une, though at every step the dreaded grape or canister was expected. A half mile, and yet no sign, from the enemy; another quarter and still no curling smoke nor screeching shell. Casting our eyes for a moraent to the earthworks not a raan nor gun in sight. . At this instant General Stanley ordered Colonel Minty, of the fourth Michigan cavalry, to lead the charge with his brigade, and right gallantly was the order executed. Colonel Campbell following next with his brigade, and. the entire corps close in the rear in coluraus of fours and platoons. The enemy had become frightened and fled precipitately, -three pieces of artillery halting Ipng enough on the hill at the entrance to Shelbyville to give us a few .shots, then, wheeling again, dashed through the town, hotly followed by Minty and his 134 HUNDRED BATTLES brigade, while Carapbell with his brigade, taking a street to the left, reached Duck river at the further edge of town in tirae to see hundreds of the eneray plunge in and endeavor to swim across, not half of whom ever gained the other shore, while Minty gained the bridge in time to cut off numerous prisoners frora Wheeler's cavalry and capture one piece of artillery on the bridge. The roads were too heavy to follow the fleeing esiemy far, and we returned to Guy's Gap for the night, having captured three pieces of artillery and 500 prisoners. It was at Shelbyv-ille that we^were greeted by the pleasant sight of many flags bearing the "Stars and Stripes" suddenly flung out from chamber windows, and shouts of welcome from women and aged raen who had lived like prisoners in their own homes; and colored women crying, "Bress de Lord, we knowed you'd corae." And it was here, too, that we recaptured one of; our female spies, the faraous Major Belle Boyd, who had only saved herself frora rebel prison pens or the gallows by feigning siolsr ness, which she counterfeited admirably. Though the Second took no part in the cutting and slashing at Shelbyville, they were among the first to reach Duck river and did their full share in helping to capture the prisoners and artillery. It was said that Frank Wheeler, "the gallant Firank. Wheeler," as he was called, only escaped by .swimming the river. Be this as it may, we had little trouble from him for weeks after, j On the 28th we returned: to Shelbyville, througb Fairfield, Scouting the country to the right and left, and on the 30th marched through rain and mud toward Mtachester; and on tbi* march' Governor Blair and Adjutant-General Robei'tson. wer» IN THE WEST. 135' with US, sharing our soldier's fare with apparent relish, though under mpst unfavorable circumstances. Passing through Man chester, on the 2d of July, we moved on through Winchester, . fPrding Elk river and on to Decherd and Gowan, where we arrived at about the same time with General Sheridan, Avho had been hotly pressing Bragg, but now that individual had again slipped through our fingers and was over the mountains and practically out of Tennessee. We had not seen our trains since leaving Triune, neither tents or baggage; no time to air or wash our clothing; therefore, it was not an unwelcome thought that possibly as we returned to Decherd we might remain until our wagons came swimming out of the raud; and so it proved, for near there we remained for two weeks, and while here we received the news of two great Union victories — Gettysburg, July 1st, 2d and' 3d, and the surrender of Vicksburg, July 4th, for our tele graph operators had kept up with us and had a wire encased in rubber strung along the roadside and through the trees. We were able to celebrate our "Fourth" in a quiet way, with the sun once more smiling upon us and our "only shirt," hanging on the bush. That Bragg had escaped without a general battle was a bitter disappointment to General Rosecrans and the officers' and men under him, but we felt that only the elements were at fault. Streams were swollen, bridges gone, and supplies could not keep up with the movements of the army. We had been living on short rations, many of them nearly spoiled, and men were getting sick, while horses were abandoned by the road side. That rain was a national calamity, yet the lesson was a 136 HUNDRED BATTLES needed one and was not without its good results later on. After resting near Winchester until the 13th, foraging npon the country and recruiting our horses, we marched to Salem, Alabama, where the cavalry corps was concentrated, and moved on to New Market, passing on over a spur of the mountains, fording Flint river (very much swollen), and arrived at the beautiful city of Huntsville, Alabama, the heart of one of the richest sections of the south; with good roads, clear rivers, fertile plains, and, nearby, fine mountain scenery with beautiful residences; and in the heart of the city a clear spring that is its own water power to convey to every horae a bountiful supply of aqua pura. Our stay here was brief, when we march ed to Fayetteville, camping for a few days near the Stone bridge, thence on to Salem and Winchester, and on the 31st, of July returned to Fayetteville, camping on the same spot once occupied by General Jackson in 1813. Crossing Elk river ' to Smith's farm, on the 4th of August, thousands of citizens from the surrounding country carae in and took the oath of allegiance to the old flag. On the Ilth and 12th of August we again went to Hunts ville and from there scoured the counti^ toward Stevenson, Alabaraa, where we arrived on the 16th, having captured a num ber of rebel scouting parties that had recrossed the Tennessee river to watch our movements. The rebel pickets are in plain view across the river. CHAPTER XIV. stevenson, alabama thb army concentrating half in hospitals immense depot of supplies over mountain and moor scouting through georgia crawfish spring — "chicamauga. " During the latter half of August, 1863, the Army of the •Cumberland drew together its main strength at and near Stev enson and Bridgeport, on the line of the railroad extending from NashvJlle to Chattanooga, with the nearly unfordable Tennessee River between us and the eriemy, and no bridge, rail or other wise. Here General Rosecrans amused himself and his officers one morning by coming down to the bank of the river and shouting back and forth inquiries and answers about "old Bragg" and "old Rosy." By comraon consent both sides had ceased firing upon the other so long as each reraained on his owu side and made no hostile demonstrations. The soldiers had learned to look upon picket firing as a species bf murder which they had no heart to indulge in, and an arraed silence was raain tained. But as soon as our pontoons were ready our guns were gjlaced to cover the opposite landing. With darkness carae the 138 HUNDRED BATTLES cannonading at Bridgeport, and we knew they were laying the pontoon bridge, and that soon we raust cross and grapple again with the enemy. On the 30th the Second went to Bridgeport, but was not needed there that day, and returned, going into camp at Bolivar. September came — dry, hot, dusty. Nearly one-third the army were in hospitals. Half demented soldiers, straying from their beds, in coarse gowns, came wandering through the forest camps; sitting, uninvited, beside our camp fires; unfolding piti ful tales of imaginary wrongs, and shivering in the chill morn ing air; begging for a cup of water, and swallowing like a. thirsty child. "Bring out the stretcher, boys — more blankets; there, carry him back to the hospital." And, as. strong arms bear, him- gently away, eye meets eye,, and we realize that rough soldiers sometimes have hearts of women. Sympathy chokes off conversation, and every man feels, that there are greater enemies to human life than bullets. The army had entire confidence insGeneral RoseerariSi andJ they felt that when he moved i again it would be to a sure vic tory, audit was understood that we were to-be-reinfPrced byva, good strong corps from, the Potomac, that. was to join us;-by, wayi of Knoxville,- and, that Generals Granger: and Grittenden,. with their corps^were to go up the river- and cross ati Chaittav nooga^ while the main pprtion of. the Armytof the Gunibei'lanid.' drew the enemy out, of their fortifications by attacking thd^r reaa*. The plan was undoubtedly well laid, but Bragg had its figured idiffM'ently, and. came the nearesti, to . carrying, out ha»« plans; He retired, from the-. Tennessee^, even to, abandoning, th»f IN THE WEST. 139 fortifications of Chattanooga, before he was pressed. Could he have cooped up Rosecrans in Chattanooga, as he had hoped to do, with the aid of Longstreet's corps frora the Potomac, he could, perhapSj have recrossed the Tennessee, with his cavalry, cut our comraunications and made it exceedingly interesting for Rose crans, and possibly crushed him or sent him flying north and westward. This was undoubtedly his plan. How the two Generals' plans were both declared "off," the country has seem Bragg reported to Richmond, that the Federals were attempting to cut his communications with Atlanta, his real base of supplies, and the movement of Federal cavalry to a point near Rome, Georgia, certainly had that look; therefore he was in a measure compelled to retire from Chattanooga; Geneiral Rosecrans has never received. that credit; which waa his due for that part of; the great military move upon the national chess-board. By it he really out-generaled Bragg, but- as the move continued events clearly showed that he had over reached, his mark in permitting McCook and Crittenden to become too far removed! from his center, "The Rock of Chica mauga'.' — General Thomas — around whom the fate of the nation •hung trembling-in the balance forrforty^eight hours.. But let us not anticipate, but to our part in this very excit ing campaign. On the 1st day of September a part of onr regiment and brigade fPrded the- Tennessee riverj near Stevenson, in- the face of a scattering fire f ronr the enemy. Another portion crossed on the pontoon bridge at Bridgeport; and marehingdown the rive-r the regiment camped near- Caperton's Spring, at th«- foot of Sand mountain, where' we remained' until the 3d, giving 140 HUNDRED BATTLES the army a chance to cross, when, everything being in readi ness, we began the ascent of Sand mountain — half a mile high, and we found more rock than sand, with very steep roads — in fact, almost impassable for wagon trains. And while powerful mule teams drew themselves blind, big, burly drivers shouted themselves hoarse or bent, their backs at tbe wheels. It seemed a wicked abuse of horse and mule flesh, and the oaths hurled out upon the mountain side did full justice to the M.-D.S' reputations, but were powerless to hurry along the creeping trains. As we reached the top and paused a moment for breath, we looked back, expecting to have a fine view of our late caraping ground and the surrounding valley, with the river in the foreground; but a fog had arisen, and only its creamy white wave floated like a vast sea over the plain below; and from out its depths arose the faintest rattle and rumble of wagon or artillery wheels, and we knew our army was on the move and there was business ahead. Turning our horses' heads we set out on the march across the mountain. A very hard, march up bill and down,, through heat and dust, and across Flat rock creek, 22 miles, brought us to Will's valley, where we bivouacked for the night, having only scant forage and little water, and the mountain air crisp, dry and sharp. Next day we passed over Winston's gap and into Little Will's valley, camping at night at Allen's farra. We were still the right wing of Rosecrans's army, and on the 6th went scouting up Little Will's valley to the base of Lookout mountain^ as far as Lebanon, Alabama. This we re- -member as a delightful valley, with clear mountain streams and a few rich plantations; but we found it necessary to charge upon IN THE WEST. 141- rebel cavalry many times during the day, and the heat and dust- were almost insufferable; but the eneray retired from every position, and we returned to carap at night, white with dust and streaked with sweat, scarcely able to distinguish one corarade- from another, September 9 we again ascended Lookout mountain at Valley Head, and crossing over, ten railes brought us to Alpine, in Broom town valley, Georgia, where we encamped. During the next three days the brigade scouted about Melville and to wards Rome, Georgia, capturing sraall scouting parties and de stroying the saltpeter works in the way, bringing up in carap near Suraraerville, on the 12th, and frora that "deserted village" towards Lafayette, on the 1 3th, where we dashed upon the eneray's pickets, capturing and pursuing until brought up short by a park of artillery, stationed near a division of infantry which rapidly forraed to meet us, and we discovered that we were near the headquarters of Bragg's army. Then, having accomplished the object of our mission, we countermarched in good order, with the enemy shelling the woods in our rear, but doing us no - harm. General Crook was temporarily in command of the cavalry and was with this expedition, though Colonel Campbell was in command of the brigade, and both those officers and their staffs were found at the head of the column and were at close range when the artillery opened upon them, with short range fuse shells, grape and canister. It was the evident intention of Gen eral Crook to dash in as near tbe center of the rebel array as possible, to learn something of their strength and position, and his plans were carried out raost admirably. There was no stop- 142 HUNDRED BATTLES ping to deploy and skirmish, no tirae for throwing out flankers; but the brigade, led by the second Michigan with Colonel Campbell and staff at their head, grasping their rifles, revolvers or sabers in one hand, and reins in the other, dashed forward, on and over the pickets, yelling like wild Comanches, and Con tinued their wild ride for raore than a raile within the enemy's lines until halted by a stronger force. There was'not the slightest trace of fear on a single coun tenance as we countermarched, giving every trooper a chance to meet his comrades face to face, and all seemed to have enjoyed their little gallop amazingly. Looking back to that scene, and reraembering that the com mand was not large, and in an enemy's country, we can but ad mire (setting aside our own several parts) the cool boldness of the act. For, instead of wheeling to fly for their lives as many a coraraand had done under anything like sirailar circumstances, every raan grasped his arms with a firmer grasp and coolly wheeled his horse when his turn came, not sooner, and took up his return raarch at a walk — ready for a fight, if the enemy saw fit to pick up the gauntlet thrown at their feet. Of course we were aware that we had stirred up a hornets' nest, and would doubtless be followed. But this did not worry us, for we had left a good road up the mountains in our rear and could reach there against odds, although the heat and dust were vexy -disagreeable companions. Returning to our former road down the mountains, we as cended. Looking back up the valley we had tbe satisfaction of seeing clouds of dust raade by others than Yankees, and knew that we had not brought it aW away with us. The enemy were IN THE WEST. 143 looking for us and we were coolly perched on the mountain's brow, enjoying their over caution. It was very pleasant where we sat. Fanned by the gentle mountain zephyrs, we enjoyed the scene spread out railes away towards Chattanooga, and rather enjoyed seeing others take a hand at the dust and heat. But the enemy followed us only a raile or two in force, and we leisurely went into camp at Will's valley. The 16th, at noon, found us again refreshed and in the sad dle, passing through Winston's Gap, Little Will's valley and up Lookout mountain, crossing over to Dougherty's Gap, where we arrived late iu the evening — very dark; there was no moon, and the stars, obscured by a hazy atmosphere, raade our night work extremely hazardous should we suddenly corae upon a well organized force of the eneray, but we believed our coast clear and found it so as we went sliding down the steep sides of a ravine into McLamore's cove, every step of a horse covering ten to fifteen feet, with the loose dirt and rocks crurabling and sliding along in front of us, behind us and all around us, and as we looked back to wonder if every horse and raan was able to keep his feet, or would he come floundering on down the moun tain side, the scene became one of intense excitement; but we arrived at the foot without serious accident, and then carae a gallop of a raile or raore to close up the column; but the road was good, and late in the evening we bivouacked for the night near Cave Spring in McLamore's cove, and were not long in finding an abundance'of sweet potatoes to piece out our rations, which had been getting low since we cut loose from our trains and left them toi make tiieir way as best they could along the summit of the mountain out of the enemy's grasp. Here, too. 144 HUNDRED BATTLES we made our acquaintance with "goober peas," "goobers," or peanuts, and were glad to fill up with almost any kind of raw fodder if we could not get it cooked. But, thanks to a generous- comraissary, our coffee nearly always held out and we did not really suffer the pangs of hunger, for we had learned to live for days together on coffee, if bread and bacon both gaVe out. But here were sweet potatoes, to us as rich as rare, and we felt happy around our late carap fire over a steaming cup of coff^, a corn pone and a roasted yam, or sweet potato. These bewildering moves, up and down valleys, over moun tains, through coves and ravines, back and forth, losing pur points of compass by night and regaining them with the next move by daylight, so completely turned our heads that we lost, all desire to know where we were going or how we expected to- reach there; our guides and our coraraander know and we setr- tle down into passive obedience and the belief that we shall get "somewhere" in due time. It may be to the land "beyond the- river," but we don't mean it shall be to a prison pen. Our movements on the I7th and 18th of September were in the vicinity of Cedar Grove church and Bailey's, and we begani to sraell the battle "afar off." For, occasionally an artillery skirmish, away to the left towards Chattanooga, could be heard,. and we afterwards learned that Colonel Minty with his brigade was there, disputing the passage of Chicamauga creek at Reed's- bridge and Gordon's mill. We were still on the right, but our lines had not as yet had time to sufficiently concentrate to be of" assistance to each other, and Bragg had intended to preverit such concentration by throwing Hood, Walker, Buckner and Polk's corps against our right, crushing and sweeping up the- ^ tr'O O Wh- 1 P IN THE WEST. 145 Chicamauga to Gordon's mill. He had the men to have done so, but he also had the disadvantage of being the attacking party, and all along our line of scattered forces was heard some of the most desperate fighting of the war, when, on the 19tli of Septera ber, the engagement becarae general. Without attempting to enter into a detailed account of the great battle of Chicamauga, or Crawfish Spring, it is proper for abetter understanding of the part taken by the cavalry to look at the position of our .army on the morning of the 19th of Sep tember. General Crittenden with his corps occupied a position to- Avard the center, near the right, at Crawfish Spring, ,with the left stretching away up the valley, across Chicamauga creek, to wards Chattanooga, with General Granger and his reserve corps in rear of the left near Rossville, Avith one brigade of cavalry. General Minty's, near the left, and the rest of the cavalry corps near the right wing. In our front was General Sheridan with his division (third division, twentieth army corps), who Avas gradually working his position towards the left, as were all the Generals, trying to contract the lines to be within supporting distance. This soon left the cavalry corps without infantry in their front, some little distance on the right; but as Bragg at tempted to throw his cavalry on the right flank of our infantry they (the enemy) found a force they were ready to let alone, and we held our position all day, protecting our infantry on their right from being attacked on their flank while the enemy were unable to use their cavalry against our infantry in any other direction. The rattle of musketry had increased to a roar in one con tinuous sound. The thundering artillery shook the earth, roll- 146 HUNDRED BATTLES ing, trembling, like an earthquake; smoke filled the air and shut out the combatants from each other's sight, and the hospital corps were soon busy bringing in the wounded around Crawfish Spring. On the raorning of the 20th it was quiet along the line until 9 o'clock, when the enemy began the engagement by a heavy assault on the left of our army. General Thomas's corps, and by 11 o'clock the engagement became general, and if possible more fierce than on the previous day. General Thomas was standing up to the main part of the rebel army at the center, while Sheri dan and Wood were rapidly moving to the left to jpin him, when the eneray came up through an unoccupied space, cutting through General Davis's lines, of McCook's corps, when General Sheridan went to the rescue, and that part of the field was fought over for the third time, when each side stood looking sullenly across the sanguinary field without renewing the engagement. It was then that General Sheridan confirmed his fears that he was cut off,^,but he succeeded at last in forming a junction with General Thomas. General Granger's important action at this juncture will be found in Part Second. During the moming struggle with the enemy's cavalry the Second lost some valuable men; araong thera Captain James G. Hawley, of company G, who was shot ffom his horse while assisting a Kentucky regi ment in forming to make a charge. There were no better men in the service than Captain Hawley. In the meantime the cavalry remained holding their posi tion near Crawfish Spring until late in the afternoon, when the firing grew fainter, and, without knowing what had occurred or being able to communicate with the infantry to our left, Colonel IN THE WEST. 147 Campbell took his brigade to the left and rear, and to the left of the Dry valley road, marching rapidly about three miles from Crawfish Spring, when we carae to an open piece of wood, and there burst upon our startled view a mass of officers, soldiers and camp followers in thousands, who were apparently fleeing from the "wrath to come." A look of worn-out, discouraged fear was upon nearly every countenance. Inquiring the cause of their panic they oould give no definite account of what had happened, but all agreed that McCook's corps was "knocked into pi" and that McCook and others had joined Rosecrans 'and had gone towards Chattanooga. There was a gap in the road just ahead where a regiment - could hold their own against 10,000 men, and Campbell at once took advantage of it. Placing a straggling section of artillery in a commanding position, with his cavalry near at hand, across the road, he rapidly formed the disorganized fleeing troops into com panies, properly officered, though made up of men from all the demoralized regiments, and with an oath declared there should be no "Bull Run" there, and before dark had a large command of the flower of McCook's army marching quietly along, guard ing their rear and flanks, searching for General Thomas, whom Campbell knew to be second in command. After dark we rode along the rebel front, close to their camp fires; could hear their conversation and see them getting their suppers as quietly as if nothing had happened. We fol lowed their line until midnight, and though we could hear that General Thomas was near us, bivouacked near where he had been fighting all day, we did no* find him, but lay down -without food or fires, though the night was frosty. 148 HUNDRED BATTLES It would have been some comfort for us to have known that our trains were safe, for we had left them on the mountains, fifteen miles away, unprotected. But they were looking down upon the terrible scenes of the past two days and were working toward Chattanooga. Next raorning we set out for Chattanooga, where the army had preceded us, aud, on getting within eight miles, skirraished with the eneray, reraaining there until early on the raorning of the 22d, when we again set out, with the enemy on our flanks in strong force; at one time driving us up the side ' m^m^s^fij-^m} Point Lookout, oi the mountain, where we were fired upon from the valley by the artillery, solid shot being directed especially against [Camp- IN THE WKST. ' 149 bell and staff; but we came down again, and driving back a line of skirmishers by a charge, made our way inside the fortifications and across the river by a ford that fed us three-quarters of a mile diagonally across the Tennessee, with the water breast high. It has been claimed by Southern writers that the Confeder ates here fought the Union forces even-handed and whipped them. The facts A\^ere that Rosecrans had but 55,000 men on that field and that Bragg had, Avith Longstreet's reinforcements, nearly 70,000. It is true that Thoraas, Avith his own and a part of Crittenden's corps, was on the defensive, but take from Rose crans's army half of McCook's corps and the greater portion of the cavalry Avho were not within proper supporting distance, but Avtire striving to get there, and we must adrait that Thoraas was contending against fearful odds. For Avhile Bragg had several divisions that he could, frora his concentrated position, throw into the balance against either wing of our army, McCook's corps was not in a commanding position, but mUst fight wherever he happened to be until such time as he should close up to the left upon General Thomas. In this closing up movement Generals Sheridan's, Davis's and Wood's divisions were twice caught in the whirling vortex and suffered terribly, but held their divisions well together and gave the enemy such terrific blows that even Bragg recoiled when asked by Longstreet to give hira a division from their left and he would crush Thomas's left. "No," said Bragg, "they have been beaten back so badly they would be of no service to you." Look at the cost in men: KILLED. AVOUSDED. MISSING. TO'l'AL. Union force.s. 1,687 9,894 5,255 16,336 Confederate forces 2,673 1G,374 2,003 30,950 J50 HUNDRED BATTLES We had been compelled to retire from the battle field, but we held the key to the South — Chattanooga. More extended research shows that Crittenden had occupied a position as far east as Ringold, and that Minty had insisted, after Crittenden had joined Thomas, thai a large body of Confederates were moving from the north and east to Bragg's support and that Rosecrans refused to give credit to the report even at the moment when Bragg's right was within striking distance between Lee and Gordon's mill and Reed's bridge. Minty had been reported captured beyond Reed's bridge, and that catastro phe was only averted by rapid movements and desperate flghting. At the moment of McCook's disaster Rosecrans was just in rear of McCook's right— a witness to that fierce assault by the enemy. While portions of Sheridan's and Davis's di-visions had become disorganized and were seeking by a circuitous route to join Thomas or reach Chattanooga, the main portions ot these divisions were moving in comparatively good order, by a nearer route to Thomas and Rossville, and that Thomas had a part only oi his own corps, and parts of Crittenden's and McCook's corps in his immediate command. Divisions from one corps were at one time hurrying past divisions from another corps, eagerly searching for points where they were most needed. CHAPTER XV. VICTORY OUT OF DEFEAT — SOME REFLECTIONS, NOT DESIGNED AS CRITICAL GREAT SOLDIERS WHEBLEe's RAID — 1,000 WAGONS BURNED A WILD CHASE CAMP LIFE A PERRY DISASTER. If we Study carefully the lives of all great soldiers there is but one conclusion — no military genius ever received the plaudits of his countrymen without deserving them. Mistakes may occur, but the genius is there and will assert itself. If he is successful in one campaign and the victim of disaster after wards, it is raore than probable the fault could be traced to another's doings in part. General Rosecrans's career shows him to have possessed many of these qualities which go to make up the great soldier. But his conduct of the battle of. Chicamauga clearly showed him to be possessed of one element that amounted to weakness — hastily forraed planning without positive assurance that the material in raen and raeans would be at hand — to carry out his plans. He placed too great reliance upon his corps comraanders, evidently thinking them all as good as Thomas, Avho stood with 152 HUNDRED BATTLES his men well in hand, his ground selected and studied carefully, and he was prepared to resist and did successfully withstand the assaults of many times his own numbers hurled against him. Rosecrans ordered, and had a right to expect, that the several corps would close up to the left, provided the distarice was not too great. There probably lay his fatal error; his army was covering too rauch front to be readily closed to the left. General Sheridan's heroic efforts in that direction proved this; and after all the service the cavalry had done in discover ing the eneray's position, their further service was considered 6f secondary iraportance. To guard the right flank was iraportant, but they were ready and anxious to dP more, and were kept further to the right than they were actually needed. Campbell's discovery in the afternoon proved that, and had Colonel Camp bell with his brigade been ordered earlier to the assistance of McCook that general raight have been spared the humiliation of so crushing a defeat. There was cavalry enough on the right without Carapbell, and that good strong brigade of cavalry thrown into the fight at the proper moment must have had a telling effect. Yet, after all, the prize which Roseprans had in view — Chattanooga — was ours; though at what terrible cost — 16,336 men, killed, wounded and missing, 50 pieces of artillery lost. Those were the figures, and the Confederate loss Avas probably more than 20,000, as they were the assailants; but their loss in artillery was less than ours. Bragg had figured to crush Rosecrans's army and return to Chattanooga; he had failed, and by that failure had lost the key to the South. Who Avas the victor? The country Avill not CHICAMAUGA. IN THE AVEST. 153 judge too harshly, but they cannot forget that Rosecrans left the field, at Garfield's suggestion, for Thoraas and Granger to 'fight it out, and well did they do it, regardless of personal danger. Granger lost his adjutant-general and wept, though bullets were' rending his clothing and tore his hat frora his head. That was his best fight of the Avar, and the reserve corps cover- ¦ed themselves with glory. Sheridan's division of 4,000 men lost 1,492, including 96 •officers, and the second Michigan again could point with pride to their old colonels, though the regiment's part in this great battle had not been a prorainent one; still it had skirmished all -day, and lost some valuable men and officers. When our array were all within the fortifications of Chat tanooga raany soldiers appeared to think the rebels capable of retaking the place, but those who had seen the heavy fighting -did not feel so. They knew the eneray had been severely pun ished, and they feit that with our army concentrated behind -earthworks Bragg could never enter. He did not try seriously. He kncAv better, but made a show of attack by droppiing a few Charmless shells into our works and looked on sullenly. Our first duty was the protection of our communications, and "the regiment and brigade moved back a fcAV miles on the north ' bank of the Tennessee to be in readiness to strike wherever needed, camping near Severly Springs a few days, finding a ^moderate amount of forage and recruiting our strength in "horses and men for the next raove, which Ave had no doubt -would come soon enough; and it carae, on the 26th. Moving ^OAvn the river to Bridgeport, and to Stevenson ou the 27th, 154 HUNDRED BAITLES passing on to Pump Spring, we remained until October 2d; thei enemy trying to cross several tiraes, and were driven back; but Frank Wheeler succeeded in getting across at some other point above, and on the afternoon of the 2d we were ordered, to, report to Colonel Ed. McCook, in Sequatchie valley, without de lay. We started at once, passing through Bridgeport and Jas- 4 per, marching all night and until about ten o'clock next day, but were too late to prevent the disaster to our trains or even help stir them up while enjoying their short lived fun. The seventh Pennsylvania and second Indiana had started from Bridgeport and had that much the advantage of us, and came down upon Wheeler's cavalry while they were at their work of destruction. They had succeeded in setting fire to General Rosecrans's supply trains of nearly 1,000 wagons loaded with provisions and ammunition, when General Crook attacked them and routed them. This was a heavy loss to the Army of the Cumberland (for they were on short rations) and Wheeler thought, no doubt, that it would be a serious blow; but, poor fool, he did not realize that we had wagons and mules by the thou sands, in reserve at Nashville, with provisions and ammu nition stacked up by the acre in sheds and ware-houses, and that within twenty-four hours after the burning of those trains, others were on the way. But Wheeler had no desire to stand and fight, but iramediately got out, the only way open to hira — up the mountain and away to the southward, with our cav alry pouring into the valley by three different roads, and Gen eral Crook pressing hira hotly in the rear. On the raorning of IN THE WEST. 155 the 4th (Octobei-) we crossed the mountain at Kane Gap, and at ten A. M. of the 5th reached McMinnville, passing on through Woodbury, having made fifty-five miles in twenty-four hours, and, marching all night again, we reached Murfreesboro a,t eight o'clock on the morning of the 6 th, where we drew rations and again joined in the chase toward Shelbyville, resting for a few hours at Guy's Gap. General Crook had caught up with Wheeler on the 8th and captured several hundred prisoners, sending him flying south. The Second joined in the chase again, and passing on rapidly, often galloping for iniles together, with the mud and water flying furiously, passed through Rainy Spring, Louis burg and Connersville, and on the 9th passed through Pulaski and on to Lamb's Ferry, twenty-four miles above Florence, where Wheeler was compelled to abandon his artillery and the wagons he was trying to carry away with him and also lost heavily in prisoners and deserters. On the whole the Wheeler raid was a losing game to the Confederates, without an equiva lent. It was a daring act crossing the river, and had the cavalry s been united earlier Wheeler could not have passed out of Sequatchie valley. Once out of there, he had us at a disadvan tage, and kept it, on a wild chase of 300 miles in nine days, much of the distance being over rough, mountainous roads, and the usual "after the battle rains" having fallen, softening the valleys, made our progress difficult, not to raention the disagree ableness of Tennessee mud. Wheeler's cavalry must have suf fered worse than ours, for our brigades took turns at the front- attending to the "lively" business, while poor Wheeler's men dropped out, with broken down horses, all along the way. 156 HUNDRED BATTLES These men were generally given an irapromptu "iron-clad oath," often at the hands of some wag who was in too much of a hurry to attend to prisoners, and told to go horae and enjoy theraselves "till the war was over." Many of them were glad of tbe opportunity, while others probably found their way back into the Confederate army. But all larger bodies of them were cared for and sent to Nashville. For more than a month, since the forward move on Chat tanooga, the Second had been without tents, on short rations, marching night and day, much of the tirae over rough, moun tainous roads, with dust and mud, heat, rain and cold alternat ing in quick succession, and both horses and men were in a worn-out condition. Therefore we were prepared to appreciate a leisurely march from Rodgersville, on the 10th, to Athens, Huntsville aud New Market, by the 13th, where we learned that Roddy's brigade of cavalry had crossed the Tennessee below Huntsville, and away we went in pursuit of hira; but he raade no stand, was soon ' across the river again, and we were left in undisputed possession of that territory, caraping first at Kelly's raill, on Barren fork of Flint river, but for nearly a raonth from the 20th of October we remained near Winchester, Tennessee, resting and recruiting for another carapaign. General Rosecrans was relieved about this tirae and went to Cincinnati, and raany regrets were expressed at his misfortune, for we had become very much attached to him. Our stay at Winchester was made quite agreeable to us, not only by the few Union people there, but Southern sympa thizers often inviting officers and spldiers to their homes to din ner and tea, spreading their tables at such times with the best the land afforded. IN THE WEST. 157 We lived in our tents, and had tirae for wearing blacked boots and "boiled" shirts — almost forgotten luxuries. Neglected reports and unanswered letters were attended to, and the pay master, Holloway, made his rounds. Fresh horses and new uni forms were added, and once raore we "played" soldier at dress parade and inspection. General Grant calling to inspect us on his way to assurae coramand of this army, now further strengthened by the addition of Hooker's corps. It now became evident that a vigorous carapaign was to be carried on all winter, and a part of this carae to us by an order, Noveraber 16th, to swing through raiddle Tennessee, by way of Shelbyville and Murfreesboro, on our way to northern and east ern Tennessee. The country was nearly stripped of live stock, but our foragers brought in 400 bushels of Avheat, 65 head of beef cattle, 500 to 600 head of sheep, besides horses and raules in one day, and Ave reached Murfreesboro on the 18th of November, 1863r Here our division was placed in the hands of Brigadier- General Ed. McCook, and General Stanley, retiring from the cavalry, was superseded by General W. L. Elliott, who com manded us the year previous at Corinth and Blackland. These changes being completed the cavalry raoved, on the 20th, halting for a night at Milton and five days at Liberty. The weather was now cold and rainy, but did not prevent our forward movement, on the 28th, of twenty miles, and next day was raade that raeraorable crossing of the Rainy fork of the Cumberland river, swollen to a rushing torrent. Men will stand up and be shot without flinching, but to see comrades helplessly drown before their eyes moves the inner- 158 HUNDRED BATTLES most heart. How pitiless that coM. driazling rain,- How frail a craft for a division of cavalry to cross on. Only a flatboat, that ten horses would settle down to the water's edge, a craft which the least move would swamp; everything covered with ice and next to impossible for horses or men to keep their feet. If he lost his feet and went over — a splash, a cry, and he was gone. And so we lost eight men — a small number to have lost in bat tle, but a very large number to lose in such a raanner. It was the saddest day of all our army experience. But at last the command was over, and went into camp at Sparta, near the Cumberland mountains, in middle Tennessee, directly east of Nashville. CHAPTER XVI. EAST TENNESSEE — CLIMBING THE CUMBERLAND — BUSHWHACKERS "dandridge races" A LIVELY CAMPAIGN AND MANY HARD SHIPS. "Shall we ever get through with climbing mountains ?" remained an unanswered question as the regiment set out at daylight on the 8th of December from Sparta to cross the Cum berland by a steep wagon road. Next to, rebel prison pens the raeanest thing ever en couraged by the Confederates was guerrilla warfare. Many of their own oflBicers were asharaed of it and stoutly denied any knowledge of the bands that infested the raountain countries of Tennessee. They were too cowardly to stand up shoulder to shoulder and face an honorable foe in common warfare, and were a disgrace to the array whose cause they pretended to es pouse. And on this march the comraand was terribly annoyed, on flank and rear, by parties they could not stop to fight, and Ave lost' some -good men while going over the mountain. It was murder, nothing but murder. 160 HUNDRED BATTLES Our sutler, John F. Tinkham, who had just purchased a^ large stock, was unable to keep up with the regiment,^ and aban doning his wagon, with several thousand dollars' worth of stock, was glad to escape with his life. A rather decent sort of sut ler was John, and the boys regretted their inability to render- substantial assistance, forgetting that they 'had paid him a good share of their greenbacks from tirae to time for "truck" that they did not always need, at the usual sutler's "one and two per cent." prices. But his big wagon, full of shirts, knick-knacks, underwear, gloves, canned stuff and bottled "chain lightning,"' was soon riddled, and as John stood on the top of that moun tain and looked back at the desi^oilers and their work, he waved his hand, telling thera to help theraselves, arid turned sadly away. The regiment crossed the Cumberland raountains, passing down the east side near Crossville, reaching Kingston on the- 12th, camping for the night without food, or forage for the horses, but succeeded next day in finding both food and forage in the vicinity, and after a two days' rest moved on, through mud and cold rain, to Knoxville, arriving on ^the 15th, and on the 16th went on to Pryor's ferry into camp. The earthworks around Knoxville showed the fresh marks of Burnside's recent fight with Longstreet, who had been besieging Knoxville, but. who had received some severe blows and was now at a respectful distance. Here, too, we raet our old friend. General S. P. Carter, of "Carter's raid" fame; and resurrected Parson Brown- low, whose son Jira was a colonel of one of our regiments — the- first East Tennessee cavalry, many of whom were at home here. The Parson came out and received a hearty, old-fashioned military salute with a "tiger." IN THE WEST. 161 On the I7th the brigade raarched through StraAvberry Plains, and, fording the Holston river, caraped at Ilouslcy's. The fording of the Holston was a very cold bath; horses and men coming out of the water shaking as if caught in the death like grip of a Kansas ague. But the march to Richland creek and return warmed thera up a bit and they went into camp to make themselves as corafortable as possible until the 23d, when they raoved to Ncav Market. Here some changes occurred in our division, being known thereafter as the first division, under General Ed McCook, with General S. D. Sturgis in command of all the cavalry of East Tennessee, Colonel Campbell continuing in command of the first brigade (second Michigan, ninth Penn sylvania and first East Tennessee) and Colonel Lagrange, of the first Wisconsin cavalry, commanding the second brigade (first Wisconsin, second and third Indiana cavalry), and they were all good fighting regiraents. And now began that memorable East Tennessee campaign, with Major L. S. Scranton in command of our regiment. On the 23d the brigade moved out of New Market, camping for the night at Broughton's, on the Dandridge road. By 3 o'clock next morning "Boots and saddles" brought every man and horse into line and soon on the road to Dandridge; skirmishing and driving the enemy through that place. At 9 a. m. our brigade was joined by Colonel Capron, of Ohio, with his brigade. The enemy were quite strong in front, but the second Michigan drove in their skirmishers, chasing them three miles. Colonel Capron took a left hand road which diverges frora the raain easterly road from Dandridge, Colonel Carapbell taking the right hand road which passes near the French Broad river. It 162 HUNDRED BATTLES was understood that should anything special occur they were to give each other notice. In fact Colonel Capron, being the rank ing officer, sent to Colonel Campbell written instructions to press the enemy on the right hand road while he (Capron) would keep within supporting distance on the left. The enemy pre- market /toad SfOACl. DANDRIDGE. sented a strong skirmish line and the Second was immediately placed at the front, driving the eneray successfully, with the other regiments of the brigade, mounted, supporting the Second in the rear and on the flanks, and company D of the Second acting as rear guard; a part of the first battalion remained near the rear supporting a part of our artillery, while two pieces were taking position at the front. The Second had found the enemy in force and did not attempt to gc further than a little ridge or IN THB AVEST. 163 range of hills, but gave place to the artillery to shell the enemy from the ridges, in front of which the enemy were begirining to show considerable strength, as if expecting a general engage ment. When our raounted men charged the eneray they dis covered the strength of the force at the front and knew that we must fall back soon. The Confederate artillery iraraediately opened, and their cavalry followed ours as ours retired. Colonel Campbell had heard nothing from Colonel Capron, and began to feel anxious about his supporting force. He at once dispatched couriers across to Colonel Capron, supposed to be half a mile or a mile away to the left on the Pther road, but no word was returned, and he then sent a staff officer with escort, to find out if his support was all right. None of them returned, but, instead, a brigade of rebel cavalry charged down on our rear, driving in the rear guard, preceded by arabulances, led horses mules, cooks and camp follo-Wers in a badly demoralized con dition. Pots and frying pans, coffee cups, tin dishes and all the rattle-traps of a corapany cook's paraphernalia flying in the air, as frightened black faces, raostly noticeable for the glaring expanse of white eyes, carae tearing down upon the front — a position entirely new to raost of them — provoking a roar of laughter at the first appearance, in spite of the grim surround ings. The situation was truly appalling. A large force in Pur front and a force equal to if not larger than our own in rear. Charging on over the camp followers they captured the two pieces of artillery that had not been taken into action and were sabering the artilleryraeri and dragging away the guns. Then Major Smith with his battalion turned upon them and met them 164 HUNDRED BATTLES with a murderous fire, at the sarae time requesting a portion of the ninth Pennsylvania cavalry, raounted near by, to charge, which they did handsomely, the lieutenant in command losing his life by the charge, and the enemy were driven away from the artillery and back a half mile. In the meantime Major Scranton, with the main portion of the Second, dismounted, was stubbornly holding the enemy at the front in check, when he' received an injury in the foot. Colonel Campbell directed the regiment to forra a new line to the left and fall back in good order, assuring the raajor that he (Carapbell) would soon find a position frora which they could check the eneray, and give the- dismounted raen relief. There was no road to the left, but Campbell, with the mounted portion of the brigade and his artillery, found a way^ through hills, ridges and woods, but had scarcely succeeded in getting his column raoving when the enemy carae down upon that little band of dismounted cavalrymen before they had swung into their new line of march. The position was most desperate; Less than 1,500 men, one third of them dismounted, surrounded on three sides by brigades of cavalry, with mounted infantry coming to their assistance. Led horses, ambulances and camp followers were in the way, while continuous charges of cavalry were made upon right, left and rear. But every foot of ground was contested, and nobly did the revolving rifles'respond to the work; retiring, fighting overall that mile or more until the woods were cleared, and across a field, over the creek, a bloody battle every inch, with most of our wounded in the hands of the enemy. One piece of artillery broke down here and was abandoned. This was recaptured at Fair Garden. It was a portion of the eighteenth Ohio. IN THE WEST. 165 When the Confederates came yelling out of the woods, ex pecting an easy victory in an open field, our own artillery, wel- -corae sound, opened with grape and canister, and the slaughter was severe. Our cavalry then gave them a parting charge just as the darkness began to apprise us of the fact that we had been more than two hours in making that two miles; but the cora mand retired to New Market without further molestation. We had lost heavily in officers and men, though our loss was probably CAPTAIN J. H. SMITH. trifling as compared with that of the enemy. Here Captain J. H. Smith received a fracture of the thigh by a musket ball, which left him on the field all night, in the hands of the enemy. Captain T. W. Johnston was also wounded in the leg, but was assisted away. In all forty-two raen were killed, wounded or missing — just the number at Booneville, Mississippi, in an all day's fight. The regiment had been in many tight places, but this was the nearest to a capture they had ever experienced. It was here the rebels told the citizens they "did not like to fight the second Michigan. They loaded their guns all night and fired them all day." 166 HUNDRED BATTLES It appears that no one was really at fault for this apparent blunder of leaving a brigade in the hands of the enemy to fight their way out. Colonel Capron received orders to come back from his expedition, certain knowledge [having come to his- superiors that made the further advance, or reconnaissance, both dangerous and unnecessary, and Colonel Capron was directed to notify Colonel Carapbell to fall back, which he did, or supposed he did, by sending couriers to Campbell, but they did not reach him; neither did Colonel Campbell's couriers reach Capron; there fore it was simply a question of good generalship, whether it was the right thing to do — obey orders literally and return to New Market, or wait until he knew if his services would be needed in preventing the capture of Colonel Campbell's brigade. For no sooner had Capron left his route than the rebels passed in to wards Dandridge, by the sarae road, and carae up in Carapbell's rear, before he had any intimation of their being there. For this 'Stubborn fight, the officers and men were highly complimented in general orders. The following is an extract from a dispatch to General Foster, coraraanding the depai-traent: December 24, 1863, 8:30 P. m., * * Colonel Campbell deserves great credit for the masterly manner in which he extricated hiraself. * * S. D. Sturgis, Brigadier-General, Commanding Cavalry Corps. CHAPTER XVIL MOSSY CREEK A TRICK WHICH DID NOT PAY A FIGHT, SHORT, SHARP, DECISIVE AN ARTILLERY DUEL. Merry Christmas was celebrated about as soldiers usually celebrate when there is business on hand — not by feasting and drinking, but by moving towards the enemy, to raeet and take the chances of war. Carap was pitched at or near Mossy creek, and near here until the 29th of Deceraber a coraparative rest was enjoyed.Then the second brigade, under Colonel Lagrange, was ordered to raove to Dandridge at 2 a. m. and surprise a Confed erate force stationed there. The report proved false, having emanated from the enemy themselves, as a ruse to divide our cavalry force, and to that extent was successful, but no further. There was no enemy at Dandridge, but if they supposed the , Second would be sent away they were to be disappointed. A full half mile in advance of all our troops the Second had been placed in camp — a raost fortunate thing as it proved. The raorning sun came out clear and bright; the air cool and bracing, giving promise of a glorious winter's day. But 168 HUNDRED BATTLES little above the horizon had the sun climbed when our pickets sent in word that the enemy were advancing in force, with ten pieces of artillery, and the report was imraediately followed by the retiring of our advanced guard, and close behind them the eneray, with flags waving, arms flashing in the sunlight, and the steady muffled tramp of horsemen — in numbers, apparently, a full division or more. Steadily on they came, as if a review was ordered, or perhaps by their numbers they thought to ride over an awed, insignificant force. It was a gallant sight and provoked admiration from the little band drawn up to receive thera; yet the feeling was not unmixed with pain and desperation. "If the enemy think to drive us frora our position without a fight they are raistaken." Major Ben Smith was in coramand of the Second, and was about to open fire upon the enemy, when Colonel Carapbell, command ing the brigade, ordered him to fall back upon Mossy Creek, covering both sides of the road, and notifying him that the ninth Pennsylvania cavalry would support the right and the first Tennessee the left. The order was obeyed quietly, yet promptly, realizing that Campbell proposed to choose his own ground this time, with traps barred ont. The Second had fallen back to a large brick house, at which the general commanding the division, McCook, had made his headquarters, when the Confederates began shelling fiercely. The air seemed filled Avith iron missiles, of all shapes and sizes — singing, whirling, whistling — with that peculiar blood-curd ling, flesh-rending horror, calculated for the moment to chill the hearts of the oldest veterans. Then Avas realized the fact that the battle was sprung upon the brigade with half the division IN THE AVEST. 169 -away on a "Tom Fool's errand." Couriers were dispatched in hot haste for the second brigade to return; but there was little hope of their doing so in time to be of assistance. The evolutions of the enemy were rapid and precise. Be fore there was tirae for our first brigade to forra in proper position to repel a charge of the eneray, their artillery ceased firing, the cloud of sraoke lifted, and out from the white float ing veil, at a mad gallop came a division of cavalry, with flanks well supported, sabers drawn, and a shout of expectant victory bursting from their throats. Every man of the Second cast a hasty look at his revolving rifle, and stood silent, firmly grasp ing his beloved weapon that had stood by him through so many a desperate onslaught. Nearer, and nearer, until it seemed as if the little band of dismounted men would be swallowed in the wild whirlpool of horsemen. Not a shot was fired until the word was giA-en, and when, at the moraent of greatest excitement it seemed impos sible to restrain the men longer, it carae. "Ready, Fire!" rang simultaneously Avith a roar as if 500 men had been sud denly transformed into 3,000 — before whose unerring volley the best horsemen the Avorld ever saw could not stand. They halt, reel, trerable, break and fly in dire confusion, with a shower of lead cutting sad havoc in their ranks. During this charge a portion of the enemy found them selves in a barnyard, and made a desperate effort to dislodge Captain Wells, Avith portions of corapanies L and H, partly concealed behind a fence. The range was short and few of the enemy escaped from that pen of horrors, but were piled thick upon the ground. 170 HUNDRED BATTLES Here Major Smith's horse was shot under him, but our total casualties (according to the adjutant's report) was but eight,. and only one of these was killed. After their repulse, the eneray again opened a most terrific cannonade, every piece of artillery belching forth shot and shell that came square to the raark, and before which the Second fell back to a better position, half a mile in rear of the first, partly sheltered by a fence. Yes, a fence, for the Second never was ashamed to take an advantage that might save a life for future usefulness. "Stand out and fight if they must, but under cover Avhen they might," was their motto. Here they lay, "under cover," except for the exploding- shells that dropped down upon them; though our captain. approached the major coraraanding, with an excusable timidity, and sriggested it was pretty warm at his position — "Shells are dropping pretty thick; I fear I can't hold my men much longer;. too monotonous, lying there taking all their old iron and giving- nothing in return." In that measured tone, so well known to all of us, came the- answer: , "The shells are falling pretty thick where I ara, but I guess we will stay a little longer unless ordered to fall back." The order soon carae to fall back and form on the left of a regiment of infantry that had been sent to our support, and scarcely had the position been taken when one of the sharpest artillery .duels opened that we had ever witnessed. Ten Con federate guns to three- of ours, were brought up to within eighty rods of each other, and belched forth one continuous- storm of shot, shell and grape. IN THB WEST. 17I A staff officer whose duties took him to every part of the- field says: "Our battery stood while men and horses were mowed down. The commander, pale as death, issued his orders with the utmost military precision, and stood his ground against. more than twice his own nuraber of guns, backed and encouraged by repeated charges of the Corifederate cavalry." Captain Weatherwax received a dangerous wound in the shoulder from a mounted Confederate officer, who in turn fell from his horse riddled with bullets. CAPT. J. M. WEATHERWAX. One Confederate shot killed three of our men at their guns,. but others took their places, and the game of give and take was carried on in dead earnest. But not for long. The enemy had reckoned upon an easy victory with their division against one brigade. Time was passing, and whatever was to be done must be done quickly. Grape shot went crashing through tree tops. Shells, exploding, filled the air again with their infernal rausic. Solid shot went plowing through the woods and fields, yet not a gun of ours was silenced; but, above this deafening roar and crash, that well-known rebel yell was heard again, and every- man knew at once that a decisive moment was at hand. 172 HUNDRED BATTLES Once more the eneray's artillery paused, as if for breath, and ere the sraoke had cleared away they carae, in such overwhelm ing nurabers and such irresistible force, that for a tirae hope died and all seemed lost. Our lines wavered, fell back, firing. Then the enemy's lines raoved raore cautiously; slower and yet raore slowly, and halted in doubt. A sharp, angry voice was heard, and recognized. It was Campbell : "You have fallen back far enough — forward!" The men caught the spirit. Infantry and dismounted cav alry dashed upon the now wavering enemy, giving them fresh volley after volley, driving thera into and through the woods, retaking the lost ground, and driving thera beyond the first .alignment. , During this repulse of the enemy Colonel Campbell showed himself in brighter colors than ever before, by leading in person the first Tennessee cavalry in a saber charge, an opportunity he had never before enjoyed, and the regiraent proved conclu sively that they were of the right material when properly officered. The rout Was complete and the enemy fied demoralized, though they had made a courageous strike; and had our men been in the open fields, on grounds not of their own choosing, the result — well, it is needless to speculate. At this tirae the second brigade returned, and feeling cha grined at their having a second ti,rae been prevented from- help ing the first brigade in a hard struggle, they dashed away at the retreating foe with an energy that boded no good for lag- ,gards. IN THE WEST. 173 While the second cavalry does not claim to have done all the fighting of that day, there is no denying the fact that their position was in the thickest of it, and had their courage as a regiment been less, or their arms single barreled, the eneray could not have been repulsed; and their services were recognized handsomely in "General Orders." After the battle it was ascertained frora citizens that Gen eral Martin coraraanded the Confederates and that his force consisted of ten regiments of cavalry and ten guns; and he was heard to boast that he would "drive the d Yankees out of Mossy Creek before breakfast, just for fun." In view of the fact that he knew there would be but one brigade to oppose him, his conclusions, from his standpoint, were natural. This closed the year 1863 — one of the most eventful of the war — and suraraing up, we find that the second Michigan cav alry during the year was engaged in twenty-four battles, or battles and unimportant skirmishes where losses were sustained, besides nuraerous minor actions where no loss was met with on our side. They marched during the year nearly 2,500 miles, not including picket, scouting and foraging expeditions, which would add nearly or quite as many more. They received numerous recruits, yet the regiment was little more than half full. CHAPTER XVIII. SEVEREVILLE, OE FAIR GARDEN A MIDNIGHT RETEBATr— A MORNING ADVANCE — A "DEAD LINE" — STORMING BRIDGE AND BARRICADE. Without entering rainutely into the daily routine of camp life, picket and scouting duty and short marches, it will suffice the -objects of this volurae to note the fact of a quiet camp life from January 1st, 1864, until the latter part of the month, when the entire divisiori moved tp a carap near Dandridge; and it was generally understood that an advance was to be raade on Long- fitreet, in winter quarters at Morristown, some twelve miles away. General Gordon Granger with his corps and General Sheri dan with his division met us tbere, having in all about 25,000 men. Some sharp skirmishing occurred on the way, but nothing serious, tbe eneray giving way, and the usual raaneuvering took place on both sides to discover the strength, object or intention of each array. On the second day of our arrival severe skirmishes occurred .all along the line, in which numbers on either side were killed IN THE WEST. 175 or wounded, several officers from our regiment being among the number. The Second was on the front line all day and held their position all night, fully expecting a general engagement in the morning, yet they lay down to rest with coolness, confident that there would be a place for them, and content to leave the events of the morrow to the God of battles. At tAVO o'clock A. M. orders carae to fall back immediately; that Longstreet was preparing to advance.* To fall back and we had not fired a gun. That was a new fichool of tactics, and a bitter pill to the Second. Evidently (we thought) some one has blundered. But the Second was given the rear. "Cover the retreat" came as a looked for order, and there was a kind of grim corafort in the reflection— a ' Michigan regiment of cavalry is thought enough of to be given the post of honor so often. And so, back to Strawberry plains, leisurely, wearily, the army moved, and on to Knoxville, crossing the Holston river and closing up with the division at Severeville. Here the whole division participated in sl^irmishes until the 27th, when at day light a line of battle was forraed, and a general advance ordered, and the Second on the skirmish line, taking the raain road, in the center of the array of the East Tennessee, with the first Tennessee cavalry on our right and the ninth Pennsylvania cav alry on our left. The second brigade was ordered to raake a detour to the *It was not at the time known to subordinate oflcers, or, for that matter, to regi mental commanders, even, but subsequent events led to the conclusion that it was part of a genepal plan to draw Longstreet into East Tennessee with as many troops as possible, that our forces operating against Bragg might, if possible, crush Long- street, or failing to do that, drive Bragg south towards Atlanta; aud the result was Mission Ridge and the the Atlanta campaign, in -vrhich Longstreet was needed and hurriedly left East Tennessee to join Bragg, soon after the events above narrated. 170 HUNDRED BATTLES left in order to strike the eneray in flank while the first brigade- pressed thera in front. Prompt at daylight the second Michigan was in position,. behind Pigeon river, waiting for the fog to rise before advanc ing. Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Sraith had just received his comraission and, always ready for every emergency, was espec ially jubilant this raorning, and his men saw blood in the eye,. which seemed to reflect itself all along the line. Major Scran ton had returned from his short rest since his injury at Dan dridge, and the regiment seemed possessed of new confidence in their officers and theraselves. Soon the fog lifted and the oi'der was given to advance. Without a moment's hesitation, in the face of a rattling fire of rausketry and artillery, the raen stepped rapidly into the river,, holding aloft their arras and araraunition, crossing with the water up to their waists; and immediately dislodged the enemy frora an orchard, giving thera so sharp a fire that a whole bri gade was supposed to be close in their rear, and the Second, fol lowing thera closely across an open field, gave the artillery sta tioned there a volley, from which they "limbered up" and left on a wild gallop. As the regiment had carried out their instructions. Colonel Smith halted them for orders. Generals Sturgis and McCook were soon up and coraplimented the regiment very highly on the brilliant manner in which they had driven the enemy with sa small a force. Again the command moved forward, soon arriving at a creek, crossed by a covered bridge. Dashing at the heavy line of skirmishers stationed there, the enemy was again put to IN TUB WEST. 177 flight, across the bridge and behind formidable barricades. But the Second was fairly wild this morning and nothing seeraed likely to check them short of the uncovered lines of Longstreet's whole army. About sixty raen had crossed with Colonel Smith and were looking for a weak spot in the barricade to attack, Avhon they discovered that the main part of the regi ment had not crossed. Here, too, the fleeing eneray raet their reinforceraents upder General Martin, who turned upon our men, and, with overwhelming numbers, drove them back across the bridge, fighting every step. Here the Second halted, taking cover, Avaiting for the eneray to advance across the bridge, and for our OAvn men to close up. They had only a few minutes to wait and the enemy filled the bridge, mounted, but as they emerged upon our side, the revolving rifles spoke — the dead line was drawn, and not a living soul crossed to our side. Rein forcements had arrived and again the regiraent dashed at the now routed enemy, following them closely, occasionally meeting with stubborn resistance, but driving the lighter forces back upon the main army, now retreating, but in good order, ready to wheel and pour out their Avrath in grape, canister and shell, whenever pressed too hard. In this raanner the eneray were driven about five miles, before the second brigade had reached the striking point, when their final stand was made at Fair Gar den, their artillery and infantry being apparently determined not to fall back further, but poured out volley after volley wherever our men showed themselves; also shelling the woods furiously. This gave us a temporary check, just the thing needed for the movements of the second brigade, who came dashing down upon the flanks of the eneray, while our regiment 1 78 HUNDRED BATTLES again pressed thera in rear, and the rout was complete, several pieces of artillery, battle-flags, and about 200 prisoners falling into our hands. This ended the battle of Severeville, oi- Fair Garden, begun at Pigeon river. And while it was not among the battles of heavy loss of life, it was none the less a heavy blow to the Con federates' hopes of obtaining a stand in East Tennessee. The second cavalry were duly accorded their full share of praise by the merabers of other commands. The following com plimentary letter from the general coraraanding explains itself: Headquarters Cavalry Corps, Marysville, Tennessee, February 2d, 1864. Colonel Campbell, Commanding first brigade, first division. Cavalry departraent of the Curaberland: General Sturgis, coraraanding the cavalry, directs rae to , inform you that it gives him great pleasure to thank you, in the narae of General John G. Foster, commanding tbe department, for your gallantry in the engagement of the 27th ult., when your brigade drove the enemy frora every position, finally driv ing him from the field with severe loss and in great confusion, I have the honor to be. Colonel, Very respectfully. Your most obedient servant, William C. Randke, Captain and A. D. C, U. S. A. Arid right here it may not be out of place to reraark that the Second, as a regiment, were never troubled by petty jeal ousies toward other regiments, but always rejoiced to see another regiment receive homage for worthy services rendered. CHAPTER XIX. VETERANS SEVEREVILLE TO CIEVELAND — ^FLORENCE SHOAL CREEK FORREST AND RODDY THE NON-VETERANS AND THB ATLANTA CAMPAIGN LIEUTENANT DARROW CAPTAIN FAR- GO'S FLAG OF TRUCE. The 31st of January, 1864, found the regiment encaraped near Marysville, East Tennessee, where they remained till the 9th of February, when they forded the Little Tennessee river and encamped on Four-mile creek, in Monroe county, and during the month no event of stirring interest occurred; moving carap often and working towards Cle-veland, by way of Citaco, Madisonville and Calhoun, During this raonth the regiraent was encamped amid some of the most romantic scenery of the South. On the* 29th of January, 1864, at 8 a. m., we marched through Severeville out on the Marysville road, and crossed the ridge into Weaer's cove, caraping near Bryant's house. This cove seems a most wonderful place, for while many of the so- called coves in the mountains of Tennessee have a romantic and sometimes weird appearance, this seemed shut in from all the outer world, where a few families cultivate their farms. A 180 HUNDRED BATTLES beautiful valley, surrounded by lofty mountains, whose tops and sloping sides are covered with trees, having at this season many hues — an amphitheatre of beauty, with a clear blue sky for its canopy, and a mountain brook of crystal purity, mean dering through the cove. Next day we marched out of the cove along the bed of the stream, just wide enough for our wagons to pass; mountains rising almost perpendicularly oneither side. As we leave Weaer's we enter Tuckaleeche cove below, and thence along a little river, through ^ome very wild scenery, and camp in a cedar grove near Marysville. These long marches and raids revealtp the observing cavalrymen some of the most pleasing of nature's works. Lofty raountains with their wonder ful upheavals. Beautiful valleys, strearas and forests with their raany colored trees; dark green polished laurel leaves; the evergreen pines and cedars, the beautiful raagnolias — beautiful whether in blossom or out of blossom — the live oaks and mistle toes — all, moistened by the spray of rushing cataract, adds charm to the landscape, perfected here and there by the dwellings of a Southern planter's home. While encamped in these valleys one of our scouting ex peditions brought in a company of Cherokee Iridians, in full Confederate uniform. Using the prisoners with strictest railitary courtesy many of them expressed a desire to enter our army. They were not encouraged in this, but were provided for com fortably, and many of them perraitted to return to their homes. Here we had an example of doubtful loyal raen seeking protection for slaves. One Scruggs, claiming to be a strong Union man, was extremely anxious about "my niggers." He IN THE WEST. 181 hoped we would protect him and give him a guard to keep his slaves frora running away. But he was not long in finding out that our troops "never guard niggers." For a tirae Colonel Carapbell commanded a division of cavalry here, and Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Smith cora manded the brigade, but it was very difficult for a volunteer colonel to win his star, and Campbell returned horae to Mich igan as a veteran — and this trip cost him a wrecked ambition and his life. On the 29th of March, at Cleveland, Tennessee, about 300 men were re-mustered into the service for three years more as "veteran volunteers," and expected soon to receive papeis that would take thera home for a thirty days' furlough. About this time Colonel Smith went to Loudon, Tennessee, where the fourth army corps was encamped under our old colonel. General Gor don Granger, and perfected arrangements for arming the regi ment with the Spencer repeating rifle, at that time the newest and most effective weapon in the service. On the 4th of April 315 men an 1 nearly all the officers that went out as such, started for Michigan on veteran furlough, enough remaining behiiid, with the recruits, to keep up the organization of the regiraent. At Chattanooga the veterans got into trouble, ihrough im perfect arrangements for quarters and rations, and were placed under arrest, but were released after twenty-four hours and went on their way. A history of this outrage willbe found in Part Second of this volume. This furlough was one continuous round of ovations at different points in Michigan, and at the expiration of thirty days they again met at Jackson, and re- 182 HUNDRED BATTLES turned to Nashville, via Louisville, where Colonel Campbell, being taken sick, reraained in hospital until returned home to St. Clair county, Michigan, to linger out an inglorious end in consumption, instead of returning to receive a "star," as he doubtless would, had he been raore prudent of his health, which appeared, at the beginning of the war, of the raost robust charac ter; he was of almost gigantic stature and , perfect physique. The death of Colonel Campbell-left the regiraent in command Pf Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Sraith, who could not be promoted to colonel, as there were not raen enough to muster one; but they returned to duty at Franklin, Tennessee, while the non-veterans, about 300 of them, under command of Major Scranton, were moving forward with the army under General Sherman toward Atlanta, and were engaged in skirraishes on the Dalton road to Mt. Pleasant church, Varnell'.' station and Buzzard's Roost and on through Tunnel Hill to Dug Gap where they were placed on duty in connection with the fortifications, and later took part in the raovements of the army towards Atlanta. The 300 non-A'eteraiis (mostly well tried soldiers) Avere very short of officers, most of them having gone home with the veter ans. But Major Scranton held the confidence of his men by his cool-headed and general stubbornness in a fight. Their engage ments began in the vicinity of Varnell's station, only a few miles east of Chicamauga and perhaps twenty-five miles south of Cleve land, Tennessee. Here it was that a ne-w cavalry regiment, mag nificently raounted, 1,200 strong, marched in so proudly, and look ed down so contemptuously upon the little band of 300 with their tough, hardy, well cared for nags; npt handsome; no superfluous IN THB WEST. 183 flesh;rather raw-boned, but worth a whole brigade of "soft shells," and between whom there was affection almost human. A small brigade of infantry Avas making a demonstration upon our flank. The new cavalry regiment were sent to check them, and they rode away with a sort of look-at-rae expression that provoked a broad sraile frora the older ones. They went in with ^ whirl, that, if properly managed would have swept the enemy from the field; but they could not stay, andthe second Michigan 300 were immediately disracmted and ready to cover the retreat. They had but a few minutes to wait; back came the fleeing chargers, closely followed by the rebel infantry. When they came upon the 300 repeating rifles there was a crash that staggered them. The range was close and the firing rapid and unerring. It was the every day story, single shooters against repeating rifles, and the odds in numbers were not sufficient to dislodge them. The enemy retired, and the new cavalry, when they came up again, had a very different opinion of non-veterans in their old, faded blue; raounted on naggish looking steeds; caressingly toying with repeating rifles. Hanging upon the left flank of our array the cavalry raoved on and again carae upon heavy bodies of infantry massed behind earthworks bristing with artillery, at Tilton, a station rot far frora Resaca. The arrangeraent of the Confeder ate works was adm'ir.able, their cent er forming a crescent on the brow of a hill Avith flanking works thrown forward, giving them an enfilading fire upon our advance (the eighth Iowa), and the loss to that regiment was severe. They retired; trie repeating rifles were dismounted and sent up and soon discovered that nothing short of very heavy bodies could carry the works, and then not without a severe engagement and heavy loss to the; 184 HUNDRED BATTLES assailants. An infantry brigade carae up and the coraraander rather contemptuously said, "I will send sorae of my infantry in there," intimating that dismounted cavalry had no business in front. General Stanley carae up, and hearing what our men had discovered, immediately ordered up aU the infantry at once. Before the order could be carried out the enemy opened, and the air was fllled with bullets and shells, and the line was' not advanced a rod, while the enfilading fire cut off our retreat across the open field and held our men there until after dark. But Thomas was thundering away on the right, and in a day. or two the enemy's flanks were so hard pressed they withdrew from their stronghold and retired to ResaCa. And thus push ing, and flanking, Resaca fell. Then Calhoun, and on to Burnt Hickory, where Tilton was repeated^ and after that Ackworth and Lost Mountain. Here the non-veterans captured the earth works on the flank and held them, while the mainjportion of our army swung around and drove the enemy toward Kenesaw mountains. Frora near this point the regiment raade three raids to Powder Springs and points south of Lost Mountain. ' Some of the minor engageraents between scouting, parties and ad vanced pickets developed the strong fighting points of the "re cruits." A gallant reconnaissance by a small handful of them non-veterans at Varnell's station, as related by an officer of General McCook's staff, will be found of interest in Part Second. After this they were ordered to join the veteran por tion of the regiment in middle Tennessee, where they were placed in charge of the railroad defenses towards Colurabia. IN^ THE WEST. 1 85 These they held until September, having in that time compara tively little hard fighting, the eneray using all their forces in opposing General Sherraan. But it now became evident that the eneray were determined to draw off a part of our forces from around Atlanta, and three regiments joined us — the first Tennessee, fourth Kentucky and eighth Iowa, under comraand of General Croxton, a gallant young Kentuckian — to watch the raovements of the eneray and prevent, if possible, depredations upon our railway communica tion. The moA'e was none too quick. General Frank Wheeler, to whom we had given some lively compliraents in tiraes past, was again raiding, arid the regiraent, with the brigade and other forces which had corae up imraediately sent hira whirling again towards the Tennessee river on a running fight, after a quite severe engagement near Franklin. This raid of Wheeler's began near Nashville. Being driA'en back by our brigade, Wheeler swung around Franklin and attack ed from the south, just as Croxton's brigade entered the town from the east. Wheeler was driven out, though not without a stub born resistance, in which both sides lost quite severely. Among the severely wounded was Colonel Jim Brownlow, of the first Tennessee, and the Confederate General Kelly killed. After driving Wheeler back, Rousseau carae across frora the east, and being the senior officer, sent the cavalry on nuraerous wild ex peditions, while he followed along slowly until the cavalry were getting disgusted with the stupidity of their raovements, and none quite so much so as Croxton himself. The laststraw was added]one[ evening just as the brigade had settled down for the night, without an enemy in a day's 186 HUNDRED BATTLES march of them. Rousseau sent word to Croxton to saddle up, and Croxton sent word to Rousseau by a trusted officer of the Second that "the brigade will not leave their present camp tO' night." Rousseau and several boon companions were gathered around a mess-chest, evidently about to discuss the merits of some liquid refreshments, and looking up, in Avell-feigned aston ishment, ordered an officer to investigate what Croxton raeant. But as nothing further was heard of it, the end is easily guessed — an incorapetent or else demoralized commander defied with impunity. Rousseau had been a gallant division comraander of infantry, but Avas strangely out of place with such a coramand as this. During the first week of this month (October) the command had gone as far east as Winchester and back, Forrest dividing- his forces there, to mislead us. CAPT. DAN T. FARGO. After escorting Wheeler out of the State for the third time,: the brigade returned to Franklin, but had not settled down fairly in carap when word came that Forrest was on the way to pay his respects, and was tearing up the railroad, destroying- IN- THB WEST. 187 block houses and bridges and raising sad havoc generally. Dur ing this rapid chasing of Wheeler's forces. Captain Dan Fargo, of Croxton's staff, was sent on in advance, with au escort of twenty-four men and a flag of truce, to ascertain if possible whether General Williams Avas with Wheeler, as it raade con siderable difference whether they Avere pushing a divided or a full force. This was a delicate raission — involving cool judg ment, quick perception and a liberal amount of sangfroid. The V, captain was given to understand that if his real mission Avas dis covered he would probably be treated as a spy. "How do you , think you would enjoy a little hanging bee?" "I think Fd. rather go fishing,'' was the captain's reply, as he adjusted his collar and pulled down his belt. He was given a letter to General Wheeler asking if he had in his hands any prisoners which he could give in exchange for some we did not care to be bul-dened with,,etc. — and instructed to get in among them as far as possible, and learn all he could. . They dashed away and rode on among them without firing a shot, neither heeding the commands to halt, backed by numer ous shots. The dust hid their flag of truce, and the men's horses were apparently hard to stop, but at last they thought they had gone far enough, as they were all surrounded with Confederates, and pulling out by the side of the road, asked to see General Wheeler. His adjutant-general soon came back and in a few moments of conversation disclosed the fact unwittingly that Williams was off on another expedition. They had no prisoners to give up. A few pleasant words were spoken — rautual regrets at the death of the gallant young General Kelly were expressed and the Confederates moved on, with a pleasant "Good day, gentlemen," from both sides and respectful salutations. 188 HUNDRED BATTLES Our comraand was up in five minutes, the Confederates had passed out of sight, and again the chase, the exchange of shots, and the charge of the stronger upon the weaker — so soon to be reversed. Away the brigade went, with greatest haste, and arrived iff Pulaski just in time to save that town and defenses from falling into Forrest's hands. An all day fight ensued, and Forrest's men were finally driven back, but they were light and it made no difference •to thera which way they went; and their doings varied little from those of guerrillas — breaking in small squads when necessary, and dashing down upon posts, at weak points — burning, destroying and not always particular as' to following the rules of civilized war fare, and no doubt, doing much to earn for the Confederates the reputation which that old tactician. Von Moltke, gave both armies. "An arraed mob; I do not care to read their history," said the old war-dog. When Forrest was repulsed at Pulaski, he swung around our rear and beat us in a race (he was always good at running) to Franklin, and destroyed many miles of railroad track, captur ing and burning several block houses, and again breaking, fled for the Tennessee river. At (~)ypress creek, Alabama, he was brought to bay and disputed our crossing. This was on the 27th of October, 1864. Roddy had also been through Tennessee, destroying railroads bet-ween Athens and Pula'ski, and between Duck river and Gaines, and here both of these ubiquitous free booters joined forces of what was left (many had deserted or turned regular guerrillas), and these two, with their followers were striving to cross the Tennessee river, and, in order to do so. IN THE WEST. 189 it was necessary to fight, and, if possible, keep our forces from crossing Cypress creek, a branch of the Tennessee, at a cotton mill, four miles from Florence. The eighth Iowa had been iu advance while the running fight lasted, but their colonel, a good, old, unsoldierly sort of man, had not the confidence in hiraself neither had his raen (though his men were among the best in the field), to press the fighting against odds; and that there were odds could be plainly seen, since it was learned Roddy had joined Forrest. Therefore, he told General Croxton of his inability to cross the creek, and the General sent for Colonel Smith and asked him if he could cross. The reply was proraptly, "We can try." The conditiPn of affairs being communicated to the men of the Second, a shout went up that was enough of itself to deraor- alize some brigades, and they could hardly be restrained while the order to forward was being given ; and before General Crox ton had fairly realized what was taking place, the creek was crpssed and the men were engaged at close quarters, mounted and within twenty minutes the enemy were flying towards the Tennessee riA'er. The other regiments supported handsomely, and in a very short tirae there was not a living Confederate this side of the Tennessee river except prisoners, Forrest hiraself having a very narrow escape frora capture. The fight was too short for many losses, but among thera was Lieutenant Darrow, a brave young officer, very much beloved by all who knew him. Arid what made this case especially sad was the fact that he had served his three yearSj had his discharge papers and was to have returned to his friends "after one raore fight," as he expressed it.. And this was the Second time in a month the brigade had driven the enemy across the same stream. 190 HUNDRED BATTLES ,*i^ LIEUT. RUSSELL T. DARROW. It was evidently a deep hurailiation to Forrest, who had •once been able to hold at bay two divisions while he captured a brigade of our infantry at Thorapson's station, that he could not hold so strong a position as that ford against a single brigade, and, in fact, was started on a run by one single regiraent. The regiraent imraediately returned to Pulaski, but were soon ordered to return to Shoal creek, near Florence, and watch the enemy, who were reported about td cross and invade Ten nessee in force, as a counter movement against Sherman. CHAPTER XX. THE HOOD CAMPAIGN FLORENCE SHOAL CREEK^PONTOONS A FAITHFUL NEGRO THE BEGINNING OF THB INVASION. On the sth of October, 1864, the regiment and brigade took up the search for Forrest and discoA'ered that he had crossed the Tennessee, and the coraraand returned to Lindsey's creek, and on to Rawhide and Hurricane creek. Here liberal supplies of chickens, hogs and cattle Avere found, and in our condition of short rations for days they were duly appreciated. Returning to Pulaski, on the 13th, we were raade glad once more by the sight of our wagon trains, with regular rations, and during the rest of the month were employed in keeping watch of the terri tory south to the Tennessee river and north to Pulaski, main taining courier lines under many discouragements; half the citizens along the route turning guerrillas, in their endeavor to break up our communications with General Thomas. For the fearless stand the regiment made in suppressing guemlla war fare, they acquired- a reputation along that line whieh, doubtless, will cling to them and all Michigan soldiers as the "worst lot of Yankees CA'er sent down here." 192 HUNDRED BATTLES- General Croxton was now picketing the Tennessee river for ten miles, and when Hood gathered his forces nearly opposite Florence, Croxton was watching him. At raidnight, on the 29th of October, an old negro crossed the Muscle shoals on the rocks and fish traps, wading, swiraraing and sturabling along — a perilous under taking in broad daylight, in a favorable season, but at raidnight, at such a season, who can doubt the courage required for such an adventure? Making his way to head quarters, and being halted by the guard pacing up and down,, he asked to be shown the general's tent. A staff officer came,. and, after questioning, led hira to the General, to whom he recited his hardships in crossing the ford, and told him he had corae frora Hood's camp and that "the boys over the river had orders to cross at daylight, at Raccoon ford." His story was doubted, but after cross-questioning him closely, the general ordered the comraand to be at the crossing by daylight, only a picket reraaining at our present encarapment to protect our reserve supplies and tents. The enemy appeared, a.s advertised, but our movements had been so quiet as to fail of observation, and their attempts to cross were in a manner which indicated their belief in profound ignorance on our part. They pushed out pontoons in close suc cession, but were met with volley after volley until they became uneasy, and wavering, fell back to, their own bank. During the afternoon, however, they took advantage of an island, and, landing on the opposite side, under cover of .timber, succeeded in crossing a sufficient force to be able to contend with more than ordinary cavalry brigades. But General Croxton left the IN THE WEST. 193 protection of this (Raccoon ford) crossing to Colonel Benjamin Smith, with rifles, and they held the main landing until after dark, the brigade having other work on their hands. General Thomas was informed of Hood's movements by courier line and telegraphed to hold the ford as long as possible. Hood crossed a division at Florence, and remained near there until November Sth. The Second watched Hood's outposts daily, guarding the fords and advance pickets, and doing all that was possible to retard the progress of Hood. Here it was that a most daring venture was made by a small detail of men from the second Michigan cavalry. It is too long for place in this chap ter. We refer to the story of Marshman Maxon, of company A. Of the truth of this romantic story there is not a doubt. It will be found in Part Second. Just here there is roora only to say that two canoes, of three men each, went down to cut the bridges; succeeded only partially; were reported, "One canoe- load drowned, the other captured on the bridge." None were drowned, but three were captured on the bridge, and three, after nearly perishing with hunger, were captured, ordered shot, got mixed with other prisoners, sent to prison pens, afterwards to Memphis for exchange; were blown up on the Sultana, where 1,500 were burned to death or drowned and sorae were saved. ******** The temporary delay caused by our partial cutting of their pontoons was over, and Hood crossed with all his army, driving in our little brigade on flanks and rear, though Croxton clung to them with a tenacity worthy of success, and the Second was ever at the rear on this retreat, but in this campaign every regi- 194 HUNDRED BATTLES ment of Croxton's brigade vied with each other for the post of honor. But the repeating rifles arid the reputation of the men that bore them, won, and General Croxton — among the last to quit the fleld, amid a shower of bullets and a cyclorie of shot and shell — said, "Fall back. Colonel. Look out for your flanks. Don't waste your ammunition, but give thera a blast whenever it will count. I will send the first Tennessee and eighth Iowa to relieve your flankers." And so the brigade fell back, before the last forlorn hope of the Confederacy. Hood, with 40,000 raen, was on his way to the capital of Tennessee, Tennessee the beautiful— the land of flowers and the land of enchanting valleys, the laud whose every acre had been trodden 'neath the feet of contending arraies, every brook had drunk of the best blood of our nation, and every hillside had gathered to its bosora the lifeless forms of our bravest sons^— was now again to drink the bitter cup frora war's devastating hand. The brigade fell back, but not until every foot of ground had been disputed and we had fought our way out of a trap formed by a large column of Confederate infantry crossing in our rear, and another force attacking the raen with the led horses, and capturing about half of company E, that had gone too far toward the river, and killing or wounding a large nuraber of our raen and horses. But the regiment gathered themselves together and dealt death and destruction right and left, and the brigade; rallying to their support, were soon in a position to take care of themselves. And this battle was called Florence. That flight, on arriving in camp, about ten o'clock, Avorri, hungry and dejected over the loss of many a comrade, orders came from ¦General Croxton to burn- all surplus baggage and be ready to IN THB AVEST. 195 fall back at raidnight. Over the sraoldering ruins of gathered mementoes, letters, superfluous clothing and what not, a hasty supper was prepared and eaten, and without sleep the command fell back, reaching Taylor Springs by daylight. Investigation proved that the reports which caused this hasty move were groundless, and Croxton returned with his brigade, and at night went into his old camping ground, where he remained in com parative quiet for several days. Hood was delayed in crossing two days by the episode of the pontoons referred to, and by this time General Hatch (he of the fighting second Iowa) joined us with his division of cavalry, going into camp three miles on the Waynesborough road. In the morning it was reported that Hood had crossed in sufficient force to drive back all the forces we had to offer him, and the second Michigan was ordered to take up a position along Shoal creek, to hold in check, if possible, the enemy that raight atterapt to cross there. At ten a. m. the eneray, in strong force, were seen approaching the ford with flying colors — the hated "Stars and Bars." How could old Colonel Ben, or the raen of -the Second fall back without showing fight? Coraing within close range the Second gave thera so vigorous a continued vol ley that the advance was checked for a time. Then a flank moveraent was looked for and one corapany (all we could spare) was sent in the direction of the creek's raouth, where it eraptied into the Tennessee river. Two ten pound howitzers supported our regiment, under Lieutenant Stephens, and all was quiet again until two o'clock, when firing was heard on our left, which, as it increased, showed that the enemy had crossed and our position was about to be assaulted or outflanked. Suddenly a 196 HUNDRED BATTLES masked battery that bad crept up in our front, across the creek, opened with six guns, and their shots were well-directed. Lieu tenant Stephens raaintained the unequal contest until ordered by General Croxton to fall back. Colonel Sraith had suggested to him that he ought to fall back, but No, said he, "General Croxton told rae to stay until ordered to move, and I shall stay." The order came none too quick, and the section was saved by a hair's breadth. None of the Second were captured, but several were killed and wounded, and Hood's Invasion of Tennessee was raarked at the very threshold with a cross of "flre and blood," for many were seen to fall as the command fell back, firing; and every officer and man felt that a long struggle was before him, for day nor night could we hope for rest until our main forces under Thomas were reached, or until such time as the sturdy old general was ready to fight. CHAPTER XXL hood's race with schofield — "the advance" — FEOM THB TENNESSEE TO THE HARPETH HALt! BUTCHERY AT franklin — STANLEY — WILSON — COX — HATCH — CROXTON. During Hood's crossing of the Tennessee, whieh really be-^ gan on the Sth of November, and was not completed until the 20th, two of the most severe engageraents in which the Second figured prorainently had occurred, but every regiment in the vicin ity had their skirmishes, and Hood was sometimes in apparent be wilderment as to the true strength, of the forces opposed, to him. He believed that the greater part of Sherman's army was with Sherman, in Georgia, and that it would be only a disorgan ized force that he had to contend with in Tennessee.* In this he was not far wrong; but when he showed a dis position to ride over, with scarcely a halt, veterans of a ?General Thomas brought from Atlanta only hhnself and his staff— all that was left of the army of the Cumberland, aside from the scattered forces under Rousseau, Sohofleld and Wilson doing post duty at Murfreesboro, Franklin and Nashville aud sc6uting the State. To re-form, equip aud strengthen that army in time for the battle of Nashville was a herculean task that few generals would have accomplished. Chattanooga and Murfreesboro ought to be held, and were held ; but at the expense of the army gathering at Nashville. -When Hood cut loose from the main Confederate army at Atlanta, his objective point was supposed to be Chattanooga, and hence the scattering of the fragmentary army of the Cumberland, all over middle and southem Tennessee. 198 HUNDRED BATTLES hundred battles, he exhibited a weak vanity in his own strength and the valor of his followers that soon developed into a suc cession of disasters for which he was not prepared. The boasts he indulged in to citizens along the route of his advance (if true), in the light of subsequent events, stamped him as araong the raost blatant braggarts as *vell as puerile (array) commanders. But it was a "forlorn hope," and as such the charitable historian may ever treat hira. When he had safely crossed his army and all things were ready, the race began, and on the 21st of November Croxton's brigade formed the rear guard again as the rear of our army entered Lawrenceburg. The eighth Iowa had been acting as rear guard, but Colonel Dorr recognized the inferiority of his regiraent's armament and asked to be relieved, which was done, and the position cheerfully accepted by the second Michigan. Ourlipe of march had been to-ward Pulaski, but on learning that evacuation had taken place there, our route was changed toward Columbia, the enemy pressing our rear guard furiously all the afternoon, the Second making -some desperate stands, and falling back when outflanked or about to. be swept over by superior numbers. Thus fighting and falling back the, afternoon of November 24 wore away; night came, and still the fighting continued, though with what result we could only guess; and at 10 o'clock , the rear guard, waiting for further signs of the enemy and hear ing or seeing none except the (iistant camp fires, bivouacked by the road side near Columbia. Here it was , thought our troops would make a desperate attempt to hold the enemy in check for a time, but after a delay lOf , two days, in which our forces IN THE WEST. 199 were getting their trains and artillery across Duck river, it was ascertained that Hood was crossing on our right below Columbia and Ayord was given to fall back. During this delay it was thought important to know if the enemy had, sent a coluran through Pulaski. To ascertain regarding that point a volunteer detail of one officer and twelve raen was called for, tp pass out , through our lines, on through the eneray's country, . and go to Pulaski and back by daylight. Lieutenant Walter Whitte, . more went in charge of the scouting party and accomplished the perilous trip to the entire satisfaction of General Schofield. His story will be found in Part Second. While Schofield was in doubt as to Hood's raovements, and very much desired to check the enemy at Duck , river, he had not sufficient force to guard the crossings above and below and ^ hold Columbia at the same tirae. General Wilson suggested the immediate falling back of the infantry and trains, as he believed Hood could cross below and beat us to Franklin. . Schofield was a much older man, and a most excellent general, but he erred in thinking Hood would not flank him so soon. Hood's reputation as a hard pusher, as well as a hard, fighter, had been well established, and Schofield found he had delayed , the evacuation of Columbia twenty-four hours too long. Our trains were in the way, and Hood's whole array was across Duck river alraost as soon as Schofield's was, and the cavalry were necessarily too much scattered to form any serious barrier. As Hood was evidently determined to push on to Nashville, regardless of our troops, who were taking the most direct route, it became a matter of some doubt as to which should reach Har peth river first. General Schofield had about one good corps of ,200 HUNDRED BAJTLES infantry (parts of three) and three or four small brigades of cav- alry-^a small force, indeed, to contend with Hood's whole army, but we had the advantage of being a little ahead and could pick our own ground, we thought. The comraand fell back in good order; skirmishing con stantly until about five or six miles had been passed over, when camp was pitched for the night, and General Jas. Wilson, who .had recently joined us, assumed command of all the cavalry. At three o'clock next morning General Wilson sent for Lieuten ant-Colonel Smith and informed him that he desired the second Michigan cavalry to act as rear guard. The order to fall back was immediate and the regiment began to throw up barricades across the pike. Major Nicholson was left in comraand of one battalion, with orders to hold the position as long as possible, while the main part of the reginient fell back in column of fours on the left of the road to prevent a flank movement. In a very short time sharp firing was beard at the barricades, and the battalion began to give way. Hurrying up to supporting dis tance. Colonel Smith saw that Major Nicholson was being hard pushed. There was no time for forming a line across the pike, therefore the two battalions under Colonel Smith were formed in a line parallel to the road, and as Major Nicholson dashed past, with the enemy in hot pursuit, he was given time to pass to the rear, when the repeating rifles opened, and the enemy retired in confusion, believing they bad been drawn into a trap. But the regiment took up their inarch unconcernedly, feeling well assured that future operations against the rear guard would not be of the "rush or hurrah" style. Yet the enemy followed closely for about three miles until we came up with our troops, formed IN THB WEST. 201 in line of battle. But the enemy declined to fight, and each side ¦ retired a short distance, our command remaining in line of battle all night without camp fites, but the enemy's fires shone brightly, for they wei-^ apparently enjoying themselves. During the past two days our rear guard was frequently marching parallel to and even -with the advance guard of the enemy, on another road, in plain sight, neither army stopping to fire, but apparently striving to reach Franklin first. When our regiment reached :Springhill, Hood had thrown Cheatham's division against our infantry lines, and for a time our position was very desperate, .but the infantry immediately showed flght, and our cavalry ¦coming up at the time, Cheatham retired, with night coming on. Hood was very bitter against Cheatham for not taking and hold ing the road, but it would have been no easy task for him at that hour of the day to have brought his troops over the soft •country, without roads, in time to have entirely checked so •desperate a lot of men as formed the rear of Schofield's array, aided by the repeating rifles of the second Michigan cavalry. There was a short, sharp engagement, but the Confederates drew -off. On the 29th of November, General Schofield determined to give Hood a warm reception at Franklin and at the same time rescue his trains and artillery, that were making all possible haste in crossing the Harpeth. There was no bridge except the rail road bridge and tbe ford was bad — the banks twenty feet high, ¦cut deep, muddy, and the constant plowing through of army Tragons made the crossing almost impossible. All day and all night the shout of mule drivers, the rattle and chuck of wheels, ' the burning of buildings, turned Franklin into a veritable pande- 3nonium. 202 HUNDRED BATTLES But out at the front there was work of a more serious character going on. Hood's troops could not move up in time to force the fighting during the fprenoon, and little more than general skirmishing occurred. But this was done chiefly by the cavalry. The infantry were apparently determined not to be hurried out of Franklin nor Ipse any of the trains, and when shovels and picks were passed along the lines, dirt flew. up. in rows extending from river tp river — a complete semi-circle en vironing the town, with laps and cuts at the roads, ; and here Schofield defied Hpod with all his victorious ariny, and. that memorable 30th of November (of which more later) staniped Schofield, Cox, Stanley and Wilson as ariiong our ablest gen erals. But let us follow the second cavalry, a little further. Cross ing the Harpeth on the night of the , 29th, to be at hand should any raiders attempt to cut off our , communications with Nash ville, they again crossed the Harpeth to the south side on the morning of the 30th, and with one battalion of the first . Tenn essee were ordered to hold the Lewisburg pike to the very last. They were in position at daylight — their left resting on the Harpeth river, with a small creek running in our front. This position was unassailed until about eleven in. the raorning, when the enemy began to reconnoiter, soon forraing a line of battle, and moved steadily forward, wijh the apparent determination of sweeping down the Harpeth and turning Schofield's left flank. Had they succeeded in this the result, must have been most dis astrous to General Schofield; but. though the creek was easy to ford the Second did not permit thera to cross. Our position was well chosen, and the eneray fell back at the second round. , IN THE WEST. 203- But this was Forrest's cavalry, or a portion of it — the pride of Hood's army, and the boast of every individual raeraber. They were not disposed to give way so easily, but carae again with something like their Thompson's station vigor. Their ranks were shattered, but quickly re-forraed, and moving steadily up to charging distance, burst forth, a perfect avalanche of horses and men, and in a moment more would surely sweep back across the Harpeth our little band of rifles. But there was the creek to cross — down and up — and the range was close. Again that row of rifles gleamed in strong, vigorous arras; along those barrels quick eyes caught the sights; the finger, true to the eye, fondles the trigger — for an instant only — and, one! two! three! tiraes 500 bullets sped true to the raark, and not a soul crossed the streara. This quieted the eneray in that quarter, aud at one o'clock in the afternoon the regiraent fell back about a raile (they had been holding a position two or three miles southeast of Frank lin). The colonel had barricades thrown across the pike, extend ing from wood to wood, and there it was decided a final stand should be raade previous to crossing the Harpeth, as we knew we must. General Croxton came riding down the road — his brigade being not far away, ready to move as his help was needed — and remarked to Colonel Smith t^iat everything seeraed quiet. Not an enemy in sight nor a sound from the wooded depths in fropt. Our own men were under cover and quiet, and the General was evidently ruminating in his own mind whether to express an opinion as to the presence or absence of the eneray, when he was aroused by a shot dropped in front of his horse frora an unseen '204 HUNDRED BATTLES foe. The spell was broken. The General "took cover"" and' bad little to say, except to caution them about keeping their retreat ing route open, and hold the ground as long as possible. In this quiet position the regiment remained until three o'clock, -when Captain Hodges, with company I, was ordered to recon noiter, mounted, but not bring on an engagement. The order was carried out, the advance of the enemy driven back a short distance, and, retiring, company I took, up the position of, advanced videttes. Quieting down again, an orderly came from General Crox ton, saying, "If you are whipping the rebels, go in!" The Second well knew that only fifty rods away the enemy lurked in strong force, waiting for develo|)ments, or orders from Jlood, yet there was an eagerness to break the spell. Company K was placed in a position to guard our retreat, and the regi" ment, mounting, moved forward without hesitation; first a walk, then a trot, and struck the enemy at a run. But the advance of the enemy was only a small force compared with their solid lines under cover of the woods and brush, and when these were reached, up rose two lines of infantry and poured a rattling fire into our regiment. But our movement was so sudden they had no time to aim, and fired wild, doing little damage; but ^ the •order was given to fall back, fighting, and carried out literally. We had stirred them up and were prepared to take the consequences, and a very stubborn fall back fight continued past our foi-mer position — our reserve being also swept back with the others — the last to cross the river, some of the men being dragged across, clinging to a comrade's horse, and some of them captured; no time for mounting, tie IN THE WEST. 206^ woods swarming with Confederates, and the air thick with bullets; but for some reason their firing was wild and coniparatiyely few were hit. Our friends were ready to receive us and check the eneray, which they did at the banks of the Harpeth, and the left flank of our army was held firmly; while the firing in front of Franklin increased to a roar. That our regiment of probably less than 500 men should have been able to charge into and fall back fighting so large a force' that they were not all captured or shot before they could have retreated across that streara, was indeed a marvel — not an easy ford under any circumstances. But Croxton complimented them upon their tenacious disputing of the ground. "You have made the best cavalry fight I have seen during the war," said he, and the brigade felt they could hold their present position, if Scho field could only take ^care of himself. But the odds were fear fully against him in numbers, though the position of our infan try was greatly in our favor; and the continuous replies to vol leys with volley told us that a terrible battle was being fought in the center, on Carter's creek and Columbia pikes. Here it was that two divisions met in deadly clash of bayonet, in the clear broad highway. The charge was led by that gallant young officer. General Pat Cleburne, and when he and his horse fell, our men caught him over the earthworks and a hand to hand fight ensued for his body. All along the line desperate strug gles were seen between big limbed men of the North and thin, catlike men of the South. Clubbing of muskets, thrusting of bayonets, casting about, cutting, slashing and grasping in a vice-like grip of death, the nearest foe, when arms failed them. See that big captain— his coat torn from his 206 HUNDRED BATTLES body, shirt sleeve in shreds, his brawny arm waving defiantly aloft and in his hand a sword, reeking with blood, and from half a dozen cuts and thrusts on his arm, small, red streairis flow down to his elbow. He does not seem tb krioW tliat he is wounded, nor care, for he has cleared a space about him and -every man of his corapany is doing his full duty. - ¦ FRANKLIN; '-•••¦• ' Deeds of personal valor were too common to enumerate, ¦even if the names were known to the writer (which they are not), but there was one desperate man from an Illinois regiraent, whose name, were it known, would be cheerfully placed here. Skilled in the use of the bayonet, whole squads went down before his awful swinging thrustsj and to him more than to any IN THE WEST. • 207 one man was due the glory of checking that desperate charge of the enemy, which resulted in the cutting off and capture of a whole brigade of Confederates that had passed too far through our lines. When the enemy appeared in force Wagner's division of Stanley's corps was out at the front on the Carter's creek pike, and the Confederates carae with such irapetuosity that the divis ion was hurled back upon our earthworks, and many of the Con federates carae over the works with our men ; but few of them got away again, for as soori as the Federals had disentangled themselves and took up position behind the works, they turned upon the enemy, captured nearly a brigade, and probably during the next hour raore men were killed and wounded as compared with the number engaged, than at any other period of the war. An eye witness, Mr. S. B. Miller, a member of the one hundredth Ohio infantry, stood very near General Cleburne when he .fell. He says: The awful roar, the whistling lead, the shouts, shrieks and groans checked many a strong man as if paralyzed at thought of the certain fate before him. I saw three Confederates standing within our lines; as if they had dropped dowri unseen from the sky. They stood there for an instant, guns in hand, rieither offering to shoot nor surrender--dazed as in a dreara. I raised my gun, but instinctively I, felt as if about to corarait raurder — they were helpless, and I turned my face to the foe trying to clamber over our abatis. When I looked. again the three were dowri— apparently dead; whether shot by their own men or ours, who could tell? Colonel Wolf, commanding the f oui'th Ohio, -vvas With the second and third brigades of Wagner's division, placed, by orders 2 op. H.UNDI?BD BATTLES from General Stanley, commanding the fourth corps, about 1,100 yards in front of the breastworks, with instructions not to be caught fighting out there, but immediately fall back behind the " earthworks, if Hood made a forward raovement in force. General Stanley had been more than half sick for a day or two, and was lying doAvn in his tent near Fort Granger, where also General Schofield had his headquarters, A staff officer was sent a second time to see if Wagner understood the order,. but the poorest charity we can extend him is that he (Wagner) must have been drunk (andColonel Wolf says he was). Wagner said be understood his business, and the officer set out to return. Suddenly General Stanley hears musket firing. Springing to- his feet, and seizirig his field glass, he was horrified to see Wag ner fighting Hood's whole army with two small brigades (less- than a thousand men). Forgetting his illness, Stanley vaults into the saddle and dashes across tbe river in time to assist .Opdyke with his brigade, the first (second division, fourth corps), in striking the Confederate column charging down the pike, on the enemy's left (from Opdyke's right) he, Opdyke, being on our right of the pike, just in rear of the works at Carter's house,. and in this charge General Stanley, who rode in front of the left of Opdyke's brigade, was wounded and his horse killed. It was a raost gallant deed, and ought long ago to have received better recognition from his country as well as enrolled him among the famous heroes of the war. But the deed would not have been possible with a less quick, clear-headed brigade commander or a less gallant fighting brigade. In the meantime how fares it with General Cox and his tw;enty-thii;d corps ? Wagner had allowed the, enemy to come.. IN THE WEST. 209 right among our men by his foolish order to "hold the ground at aU hazards," and they came over the earthworks together, and Cox could not for a few minutes tell friend from foe in the horrid din and thick smoke. But did they run? For a -brief instant, only, did the right of the brigade next to the pike fall back as the enemy swung around the end of the breastworks, but as soon as the lines of blue and gray were drawn then came a crash of bayonets and clubbed muskets, axes, pickaxes, hatchets, and whatever was most convenient at close quarters, for they could not load to shoot, and here it was that the celebrated cross ing of bayonets was Avitnessed, to which reference has been made earlier in these pages. We are accustomed to treat illustrations of battle scenes as highly overdrawn, but Colonel Wolf says:* "It would be im possible to picture that scene in all its horrors. I saw a Con federate soldier, close to me, thrust one of our men through with the bayonet, and before he could draw his weapon from the ghastly wound his brains were scattered on all of us that stood near, by the butt of a musket swung with terrific force by sorae big fel low whom I could not recognize in the grira dirt and smoke that enveloped us. And as I glanced hurriedly around and heard the dull thuds, I turned frora the sickening sight and was glad to >hide the vision in work with a hatchet, for I had broken ray sword. A rebel colonel came over the breastworks with me We raised at the same instant to strike; I had the advantage — we were close together; catching his sword near the butt, and raising ray hatchet, I demanded his surrender. He did so and *Since the interview with Colonel Wolf he has gone to his last muster. He- died at Mansfield, Ohio, of ipjuries received twenty years ago, and the immense gathering, at his funeral attested the popularity of this physically wrecked hero. 210 HUNDRED BATTLES passed to the rear. Then our brigade was all mixed up with Cox's corps, and in all the enemy were repulsed eleven tiraes." General Cox in person directed his corps and they did valiant service. He and General Stanley should share the honors of that victory equally with Schofield. Again, let us turn to our cavalry. Their part is an all- portant one to-day. General Schofield could never retreat across Havpeth river Avere it not for the aid his cavalry is giving him. Neither is the artillery idle. Far from it; but have been doing heroic service all day. When the enemy in front of Croxton's brigade saw and heard what was taking place on the center they became stirred up to desperation. They succeeded in crossing a portion of their force further to our left, and, forming in line, were about to attack us. A compariy frora some other, regiment, armed with carbines, rode out, and, firing a volley, retired to load, returning to fire. The Second were at once sent to take their places, and moving quietly along without returning a shot- until at close range, the brigade supporting on the flanks, a volley was given and only twice repeated, when the enemy broke and fled across the Harpeth, closely pursued by the Second; so closely, in fact, as to compel them to leave their arabulances, filled with wound ed, in the raiddle of the river. This closed the fighting on the left of that meraorable bat tle of Franklin and was about the last firing at any point — a battle in which thirteen Confederate generals were either killed or wounded, and 5,000 Confederates placed hors de combat. The Second was in the saddle from daylight until nine o'clock at night; they fired the first and last guns (except the IN THE AVEST. ' 211 Straggling fire of the artillery) and were, probably, the only regiment that went into the same camp they left in the morning. The regimental losses were: Killed— Wm. Price, Co. G. Wounded — Co. A — ^C. Berg, left side; Robt. Armstrong, right side; Wm. Clark, arm. Co. C — Corp. Daniel C. Marsac, left thigh. Co. D — Sergt. John Vogle, right ankle; Corp. Martin DeGroot, left foot, slight; Jaraes Quant, abdomen, mortally; Mark Losso, lower lobe of left lung, mortally; Fred. Monsur, left shoulder. Co. F — Corp. Warren Green, left thigh; Wm. Sherwood, right leg. Co. G — Miles B. Hunt, back of neck; Charles Beckwith, leg, flesh wound; Jefferson N. Camp bell, ankle. Co. H — Corp. Delos Rennell, right arm. Missing in action — Frank Zahimger, Co. M; Richard Welch, L. Taken prisoners — John Snyder, Co. K; Sanford Mill, K; Robert Gamble, K. Thick darkness settled down over the scene. The deep hello wings of Fort Granger continued long into the night, pro voking only spasmodic replies from the enemy's artillery, and these shots went screeching over the city, or, occasionally drop ping low, went crashing into houses, whose inraates lay crouching in mortal terror in cellars and low places. But at last our army, with all its trains, was across the Harpeth, and the enemy, creeping forward into the town, over the battle-field, Avere followed by their artillery planting a bat tery at twelve o'clock close to our deserted Avorks, where the fighting had been hardest, and the ground was yet covered with dead, and where the shrieks of the dying were most horrible, as the horses went crushing and tearing along, heedless of. all human cries. For this was war, Avith all pity buried; all sympa thetic tears dried up; friendship dead. 212 HUNDRED BATTLES And SO the little squad of cavalry tbat remained to be the very last to cross, heard the sickening cries, silently preceded the scouting forces of the enemy, often standing within twenty feet of them without being seen"; saw them enter our deserted supply depot and gather up abandoned food; followed them along the deserted streets, and down into the thick darkness and mud of the river bottom, and? saw them when they paused to listen to our moving troops beyond the ford — then turning, escorted them, at a respectful distance, well up into the town, and, turning aside, recrossed the Harpeth and reported to Gen eral Croxton, "All are safely crossed and the rebels are appar ently satisfied for to-night." This was done by three men of the second Michigan cavalry. The fords of the river were picketed by our brigade, orders issued to be in the saddle by daylight, and comparative quiet reigned over this once peaceful valley, broken only by the shift ing of artillery positions, and the low wail, mingled with occa sional shrieks, that carae floating on the morning air from that field of horrors — the plains of Franklin. Hood's report on Springhill and Franklin will be found interesting, as giving his version of affairs. He says: I left General Lee to raenace General Schofield's front at Colurabia, while I crossed Duck river below and pushed rapidly forward to Springhill to cut off Schofield. * * * Arriving near the Franklin pike I saw the enemy passing their trains and part of their forces rapidly towards Franklin,. Turning to General Cheatham, I said, "General, do you see the enemy retreating rapidly to escape us? Go, with your corps, take possession of and hold that pike,* and turn all those wagons over to our side of the house." * * * * * *"AiVhy Cheatham did not get there," see Part Second. IN THE WEST. 213 Little musketry firing was heard in this direction. By this hour twilight was upon us, and General Cheatham rode up in person. * * * Turning to Cheatham I exclaimed with deep emotion, as I felt the golden opportunity fast slipping frora me: "General, why, in the name of God, have you not attacked the enemy and taken possession of that pike?" He replied that the line looked a little too long for him, and that Stewart should first form on his right. * * * It was reported to rae after this hour that the enemy was marching along the road, almost under the light of the camp fires of the main body of the army. The Federals, with immense wagon trains, were permitted to raarch by us the remainder of the night within gun shot of our lines. I could not succeed in arousing the troops to action, when one good division would have sufficed to do the same work and could have routed that portion of the enemy which were at Springhill and would have taken possession of and formed a line across the road, and thus made it an easy matter for Stew art's corps, Johnson's division and Lee's two divisions from Columbia, to have enveloped, routed and captured Schofield's army that afternoon and the ensuing day. General Forrest gal lantly opposed the enemy further down to our right, to the full extent of his power; beyond this, nothing whatsoever was done, although never was a grander opportunity offered to utterly rout and destroy the Federal army. General Hood thus lays the blarae upon his subordinates for failure in crushing Schofield, and probably he, was more than half right. But next day Cheatham, Cleburne and other prominent gen erals redeemed themselves at Franklin (in Hood's eyes), though they did not succeed in driving Schofield into the Harpeth river, as Hood confidently asserted he would. But it appears from General Cleburne's last words that he was not, as has been asserted, opposed to the movement on 214 HUNDRED BATTLES Franklin. Said he to Hood, "General, I am ready, and have more hope in the final success of our cause, than I have had at any time since the first gun was fired." "God grant it." He turned and raoved at once towards the head of his divis ion; a few moments thereafter he was lost to ray sight in the turault of battle. * * * Within forty minutes he lay lifeless upon the breastworks of the foe. General Schofield's official report of that sanguinary contest is given here that the reader raay forra some slight idea of the desperateness of that battle: Headquarters Army of the Ohio. Nashville, Tennessee, Deceraber Vth, 1864. Ma.tor-General George H. Thomas, Commanding Department of the Cumberland and Military Division of the Mississippi : General: — I arrived at Franklin with the head of the col umn, a little before daylight on the 30th, and found no wagon bridges for crossing the river, and the fords in very bad con dition. I caused the railroad bridge to be prepared for crossing wagons, had a foot bridge built for infantry, which, fortunately, also proved available for wagons, and used the fords as much as possible. I hoped, in spite of the difficulties, to get all my material, including the public property and a large train at Franklin, across the river, ,and move the array over before the eneray could get up force enough to attack me. But I put the troops in position, as they arrived, on the south side, the twenty third corps on the left and center, covering Columbia and Lewisburg pikes, and General Kimball's division of the fourth corps on the right, both flanks resting on the river. Two brigades of General Wagner's division were left in advance to retard the eneray's movements, and General Wood's IN THE WEST. 215 division and sorae artillery were raoved to the north bank of the river, to cover the flanks, should the eneray attempt to cross above or beloAv. The eneray followed close after our rear guard, brought up and deployed two full corps with astonishing celerity and moved rapidly forward to the attack. Our outposts, imprudently brave, held their ground too long and hence were compelled to corae in at a run. In passing over the parapet, they carried AA'ith thera the troops of the line for a short space, and thus per mitted a few hundred of the enemy to get in. But the reserves, near by, sprang forward, regained the parapet, and captured those of the enemy who had passed in. The enemy assaulted persistently and continuously, with his whole force, from about half past three p. m., until after dark, and raade numerous inter- f raittent attacks at a few points until about ten o'clock p. m. He Avas splendidly repulsed along the Avhole line of attack. The eneray attacked on a front of about two railes, extending from our left to our right center, General Kimball's left brigade. Our two right brigades were only slightly engaged. I believe the enemy's loss in killed and wounded cannot have been less than 5,000 and may have been much greater. We captured 702 prisoners and 33 stands of colors. Our loss, as officially reported, was as follows: commands. killed, wounded. MISSING, aggeegatb. First Division, Fourth Corps. 5 Second Division, " " 53 Artillery " " 10 Second Division, Twenty-third Corps 30 Third " " " " 48 Seventy-second Regt., 111. Vols. 10 Forty-fourth " Md. " 34 Total 189 1,033 1,104 3,326 On my arrival at Franklin, I gained the first intelligence from General Wilson since the enemy coramenced his advance from Duck river. I learned that he had been driven rapidly 37 18 60 519 670 1,341 51 6 67 143 135 307 185 97 330 63 86 158 37 93 163 216 HUNDRED BATTLES back and had crossed the Harpeth above Franklin on the preced ing day, leaving my left and rear entirely open to the enemy's cavalry.* A short tirae before the infantry attack commenced, the enemy's cavalry found a crossing about three miles above Frank lin, drove back our cavalry, for a time severely threatening our trains, which were accuraulated on the north bank leading towards Nashville. I sent General Wilson orders, which he had, however, anticipated, to drive the eneray back at all hazards, and raoved a brigade of General Wood's division to support him, if necessary. At the raoraent of the first decisive repulse of the enemy's infantry, I received the most gratifying intelligence that General Wilson had driven the rebel cavalry back across the river. This rendered my imraediate left and rear secure for the time being. My experience on the 29th had shown how utterly inferior in nurabers my cavalry force was, to that of the enemy, and that even my imriaediate flanks and rear were quite insecure, while my communication with Nashville was entirely without protection. I could not even rely upon getting up the ararau nition necessary for another battle. To remain at Franklin was to seriously hazard the loss of my army by giving the enemy another chance to cut me off from reinforcements, which he had made three desperate, though futile attempts, to accomplish. I had detained the enemy long enough to enable you to con centrate your scattered troops at Nashville, which was the primary object, and had succeeded in inflicting upon him very heavy losses. I had found it impossible to detain him long enough to get reinforcements at Franklin. Only a small portion of the infantry and none of the cavalry could reach me in time to be of any service in the battle, which must have been fought on the 1st of December. For these reasons, after consulting with the corps and division commanders and obtaining your approval, I determined ?This was unjust to General Wilson, as the careful student of history will see. Portions of Wilson's cavalry were on every flaulc, as well as guarding his retreating trains. IN THE WEST. 217 to retire during the night of the 30th towards Nashville. The artillery was withdrawn to the north bank during the early part of the night, and at twelve o'clock, the army withdrew from its trenches and crossed the river without loss. During the next day, December 1st, the whole army was placed in position in front of Nashville. I have the honor to be Very respectfully. Your obedient servant, (Signed) J. M. Schofield, Major-General. CHAPTER XXII. BATTLE OF NASHVILLE HOOd's ARMY DEMORALIZED HATCIl's charge — cavalry , capturing earthworks — general Thomas's report — capturing prisoners — what hood SAID "the retreat." When on the morning of December 1st General Schofield had safely crosssd the Harpeth with all his trains, and was well under way for Nashville, the second Michigan cavalry, as a part of Croxton's brigade, formed the rear guard and leisurely raade their Avay on to Nashville, passing through our lines of infantry, and with thera lay in line of battle all night, five miles in front of Nashville. At this time General Thomas's force at Nashville was com paratively small and he did not propose to contract his lines further than necessary until portions of his army had joined him from other directions than Franklin. General Thoraas knew that Hood expected reinforcements from the southwest, and he supposed that the Confederate force Avas rauch, greater than it really was. General Grant, as coramander-in-chief, urged Thoraas to IN THE WEST. 219 drive Hood back before he had time to cross into Kentucky. But General Thomas understood the situation even better than Grant did, and took his own way to crush Hood. He knew he could drive Hood back, but that was not enough. He raeant not only to crush, but to capture hira and all his array, and his plans were as nearly carried out as it would have been possible to do with a foe that had become Avary and ready to break cover and flee at the first serious attack upon his flanks. .APPE^RANCEOFTHE UNESONTHi£ MORNINGOFDECIS NASHVILLE. To be upon the safe side. General Thomas serit the greater portion of his caA-alry across the Cumberland (the cavalry were much too weak for the services before them) to guard the cross ings above and below the city; but these were immediately re- 220 HUNDRED BATTLES crossed to the south side when our army was about to move, and on the 12 th of December the Second was placed upon the right, four miles out on the Charlotte pike, and during the first day (the 15th) the regiment swung forward and to the left about two miles, skirmishing and driving the eneray's skirmish ers before thera, but were restrained from pressing the enemy too far, lest the plans of the coraraanding general be discon certed. But at night the regiraent mounted and raoved for ward six miles further, m9,king twelve miles from Nashville, on the morning of the second day of battle. Here the regiment and brigade were restrained frora further advancing, while, the infantry and artillery pressed the enemy's center and man euvered for a position from which the final blow was to be struck. And soon it came. Never did infantry and cavalry vie with each other with raore earnest vigor than on this oc casion, to see which should be first over the earthworks of the enemy, with Hatch at their head. Where mounted cavalry could not go, dismounted did go, with a rush and determination that knew no checking, and repeating rifles, carbines and heavy revolvers struck terror into the hearts of the enemy that could not have guessed how so small a number kept up such a terrific fusilade. Many threw down their guns and surrendered. Hundreds threw themselves flat upon the ground, unharmed, to escape the thick blackness of the storm of lead. Other thousands ran, and but very few returned a parting shot after their ranks were once broken. Away to the left, on our center, like a wave, rolled up and over that rocky mound, a blue sea of Federals, with a prolonged jshout so full of victory that the dullest ear could interpret, if he IN THE WEST, 221 could not see; and its echo was taken up and reverberated along the lines even to the farthest hill upon the left, where white and blacks were mingled in a death grapple for an earthwork that bristled with bayonets and shook beneath the incessant thunder- ings of Hood's artillery. And here the colored troops showed their discipline and fighting qualities in a most heroic manner — the saying of the commanding general passing into history — "The colored troops fought nobly;" and from the Southern officers the saying — "For a lot of cattle they did well." When General Hatch saw, frora his position on the right, that the forward raovement was becoraing general, his irapetu osity knew no bounds. Hurling his entire division upon the enemy's wavering left, line after line was taken until the entire Confederate army was on the run. Then the brigade (General Croxton's), with the second Michigan on the extrerae right, was drawn in toward the left, raounted, and joining in the rush, captured prisoners continuously, sending them to the rear, and passing on, crossed the Franklin pike and endeavored to reach Franklin and the enemy's front in time to cut off large portions ' of the Confederate army, but their reserve, though small, had enabled them to retreat in a less hasty manner than they began, though they raade no stand of consequence until after crossing Duck river and gained some little distance beyond Columbia. But the cavalry drove them with little delay and dogged their tracks and harassed their flanks; having a sharp brush at Rich land creek, and afterward, as they became desperate, turned "at bay" on every possible advantageous ground. But the fighting regiments of our cavalry corps felt they had tramped up and down through Tennessee too often to leave- 222 HUNDRED BATTLES the enemy any hope of ever crossing the Tennessee river again, and they charged upon every obstruction, firing at close range, using the saber whenever possible, and this continued daily, iu all having- about twenty sharp skirmishes— sometimes two or three daily. In fact they were too numerous to be remembered, except as a flying vision of fire, carnage, rapidly shifting horse men — the one party bent on self-protection, fighting for life and personal liberty; the other, Avith angered, vengeful shouts and shots, determined to wipe out or crush their enemy. Let us draw a curtain over this pitiful sight and turn to that grand old man, General Geo. H. ("Pap") Thomas. The nearly twenty years that have intervened since that memorable morning have not in the least dimmed the picture of human grandeur that riveted ray attention as, when passing the St. Cloud Hotel at 8 o'clock a. m., Deceraber 15, 1864, I saw the familiar form of the General standing at the hotel desk, paying his bill as any ordinary traveler. His horse was at the door and a colored servant was bearing to the headquarters ambulance a sraall valise. A part of his staff- stood to horse, awaiting the General's pleasure, and without a word hera.ircbed out, it seemed to me at that raoment the raost perfect soldier in his bearing that I had ever set adrairing eyes upon. There was no hg,ughti- ness nor ostentatious parade, but a quiet dignity that well becarae his handsome face — with its short, smooth- cut, red and gray beard, that finished off his well rounded. figure. And as he walked out grandly, modestly, and vaulted into his saddle, there was an unraistakable air of "business" about hira which boded no good for Mr. Hood.- He seeraed to say, "Well, boys, we will go out and settle this little business now — it's, about the right time td stop fooling." IN THB WEST. 22 3 I could plainly read in his face, "We are going to stay. We will not be back to-night, landlord." I turned to my comrades and remarked, "You Avill hear music to-day." And here is Avhat happened, frora the official report of General Thomas himself: HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THB CUMBERLAND, Eastport, Mississippi, January 20th, 1865. Colonel: — I have the honor to report the operations of my command from the date of the occupation of Atlanta, Georgia, as follows: *********** [Extract.] General Schofield, by my advice and direction, fell back during the night to Nashville, in front of Avhich city lines of battle were formed by noon of the 1st of December, on the bights imraediately surrounding Nashville, with Major-General A. J. Sraith's command occupying the right, his right resting on the Cumberland river, below the city, the fourth corps (Brigadier-Gen eral Wood ^eraporarily in command) in the center, and General Schofield's troops (twenty-third corps) on the left, his left extend ing to the Nolensville pike. The cavalry, under General Wilson, was directed to take post on the left of General Schofield, which would make secure the interval between his left and the river ^bove the city. General Steadraan's troops reached Nashville about dark on the evening of the 1st of December, taking up a position about a mile in advance of the left center of the raain line, on the left of the Nolensville pike. This position, being regarded as too rauch exposed, was changed on the 3d, when the cavalry hav ing been directed to take post on the north side of the river at Edgefield,- General Steadraan occupied the space on the left of the line vacated by its withdrawal. During the afternoon of the 2d the enemy's cavalry, in small parties, engaged our skir mishers, but it was only on the afternoon of the 3d that his infantry made its appearance, when crowding in our skirmishers. 224 HUNDRED BATTLES he commenced to establish his main line, which on the morning of the 4th we found he had succeeded in doing, with his salient on the summit of Montgomery hill, within 600 yards of our center; his main line occupying the high ground on the south east side of Brown's creek, and extending from the Nolensville pike — his extrerae right — across the Franklin and Granny White pikes, in a westerly direction to the hills south and southwest of Richland creek, and down that creek to the Hillsboro pike, with cavalry extending from both his flanks to the river. Artillery was opened on him from several points on the line without elicit ing any response. The block house at the railroad crftssing of Overalls creek, five miles north of Murfreesboro, was attacked by Bates's division of Cheathara's corps on the 4th, but held out until assistance reached it from the garrison at Murfreesboro. The enemy used artillery to reduce the block house, but although seventy-four shots were fired at it no, material injury was done. General Milroy coraing up with three regiments of infantry, four companies of the thirteenth Indiana cavalry and a section of artillery, attacked the eneray and drove him off. During the 5th, 6th and 7th Bates's division, reinforced by a division from Lee's corps, and 2,500 of Forrest's cavalry, demonstrated heavily against Fortress Rosecrans at Murfreesboro, garrisoned by about 8,000 men, under command of General Rousseau. The enemy showing an unwillingness to make a direct assault, General Milroy with seven regiments of infantry was sent out, on the Sth, to engage him. He was found a short distance from the place, on the Wilkerson pike, posted behind rail breastworks, was at tacked and routed, our troops capturing 207 prisoners and two guns, with'a loss of thirty killed and 175 wounded. On the same day Buford's cavalry entered the town of Murfreesboro, after having shelled it vigorously, but he was speedily driven out by a regiraent of infantry and a section of artillery. On retiring from before Murfreesboro the enemy's cavalry moved northward to Lebanon and along the bank of the Cumberland in that vicinity, threatening to cross to the north side of the river IN THE WEST. 225 and interrupt our railroad coraraunication with Louisville, at that tirae our only'source of supplies, the enemy having blockaded the river below Nashville by batteries along the shore. The Navy Departraent was requested to patrol the river above and below Nashville with the gunboats then in the river to prevent the enemy frora crossing, which was cordially and effectually complied with by Lieutenant-Commander LeRoy Fitch, command ing the eleventh division, Mississippi squadron. At the sarae time General Wilson sent a cavalry force to Gallatin to guard the country in that vicinity. The position of Hood's army around Nashville remained unchanged, with the exception of oc casional picket firing. »««**•»*«»*» Both armies were ice bound for a week previous to the 14th of December, when the weather moderated. Being prepared to move I called a raeeting of the corps commanders on the after noon of that day, and having discussed the plan of attack until thoroughly understood, the following S. F. O. No. 342 was issued. As soon as the state of the weather will adrait of offensive operations the troops will raove against the enemy's position in the following order: Major-General A. J. Sraith, coraraanding detachment of the army of Tennessee, after forraing his troops on and near the Hardin pike, in front of his present position, will make a vig orous assault on the enemy's left. Major-General Wilson, com manding the cavalry corps, military division Mississippi, with three divisions, will move on and support General Smith's right, assisting as far as possible in carrying the left of the enemy's position, and, be in readiness to throw his force upon the eneray the moraent a favorable opportunity occurs. Major-General Wilson will also send one division on the Charlotte pike to clear that road of the enemy and observe in the direction of Bell's landing to protect our right rear until the enemy's position is 226 HUNDRED BATTLES fairly turned, when it will rejoin the main force. Brigadier- General T. J. Wood, commanding fourth army corps, after leav ing a strong skirmish line in his works from Laurens hill to his extreme right, will form the remainder of the fourth corps on the Hillsboro pike, to support General Smith's left and operate on the left and rear of the enemy's advanced position on the Mont gomery hill. Major-General Schofield, commanding twenty-third army corps, vt ill replace Brigadier-General Kimball's division of the fourth corps with his troops and occupy the trenches from Fort Negley to Laurens hill with a strong skirmish line. He will move with the remainder of his force in front of the works and co-operate with General Wood, protecting the latter's left flank against an attack by the enemy. Major-General Steadraan, commanding district of the Etowah, will occupy the interior line in rear of his present position, stretching frora the reservoir on the Cumberland river to Fort Negley, with a strong skirmish line, and mass the remainder of his force in its present position to act according to the exigeri- cies which raay arise during the operations. Brigadier-General Miller, with the troops forming the garrison of Nashville, will occupy the interior line from the bat tery on hill 210 to the extreme right, including the inclosed works on the Hyde's ferry road. ^ The quartermaster's troops, under command of Brigadier- General Donaldson, will, if necessary, be posted on the interior line from Fort Morton to the battery on hill 210. The troops occupying the interior line will be under the direction of Major-General Steadman, who is charged with the immediate defense of Nashville during the operations around the city. Should the weather permit, the troops will be formed to commence operations at six a.m. on the 15th, or as soon there after as practicable. On the morning of the 15th of Deceraber, the weather being IN THE WEST. 227 favorable, the army Avas formed and ready at an early hour to carry out the plan of battle promulgated in the special field order of the 14th. The formation of the troops was partially concealed from the enemy by the broken nature of the ground, as also by a dense fog which only lifted toward noon. The enemy was apparently totally unaware of any intention on our part to attack his posi tion, and more especially did he seem not to expect any move ment against his left flank. To divert his attention still further frora our real intentions Major-General Steadman, had on the evening of the 14th received orders to raake a heavy deraonstration with his command against the enemy's right, east of the Nolensville pike, which he accora plished with great success and some loss, succeeding, however, in attracting the eneray's attention to that part of his line and inducing hira to draw reinforceraents frora towards his center and left. As soon as General Steadraan had completed his movement, the commands of Generals Sraith and Wilson moved out along the Hardin pike, and coramenced the grand moveraent of the day, by wheeling to the left and advancing against the eneray's position across the Hardin and Hillsboro pikes. A division of cavalry (Johnson's) was sent at the same time to look after a battery of the eneray's on the Curaberland river at Bell's landing, eight miles below Nashville. General John son did not get into position until late in the afternoon, when, in conjunction with the gunboats, under Lieutenant-Comraander LeRoy Fitch, the enemy's battery was engaged until after nightfall, and the place was found evacuated in the morning. The remainder of General Wilson's command. Hatch's division leading and Knipe's in reserve, .moving on the right of General A. J. Sraith's troops, first struck the eneray along Rich land creek, near Hardin's house, and drove hira back rapidly, capturing a nuraber of prisoners, wagons, etc., and continuing 228 HUNDRED BATTLES to advance, while slightly swinging to the left, came upon a redoubt containing four guns, which was splendidly carried by assault at 1 p. m., by a portion of Hatch's division, dismounted, and the captured guns turned upon the enemy. A second redoubt stronger than the first was next assailed and carried by the same troops that captured the first position, taking four more guns and about 300 prisoners. The infantry, McArthur's divis ion of General A. J. Smith's coramand, on the left of the cavalry, participated in both of the above assaults, and, indeed, ,the dis mounted cavalry seemed to vie with the infantry who should first gain the works. As they reached the position nearly simul taneously, both lay claira to the artillery and prisoners captured. Finding General Sraith had not taken as rauch distance to the right as I expected he would have done I directed General Schofield to raove his coramand (the twenty-third corps) from the position in reserve to which it had been assigned over to the right of General Sraith, enabling the cavalry thereby to operate raore freely in the eneray's rear. This was rapidly accomplished by General Schofield, and his troops participated in the closing operations of the day. The fourth corps, Brigadier-General T. J. Wood coraraand ing, forraed on the left of General A. J. Sriiith's command, and as soon as the latter had struck the enemy's flank, assaulted the Montgomery hill. Hood's most advanced position, at 1 p. m., which was most gallantly executed by the third brigade, second division. Colonel P. Sidney Post, fifty-ninth Illinois, coraraand ing, capturing a considerable nuraber of prisoners. Connecting with the left of Smith's troops (Brigadier-General Garrard's division), the fourth corps continued to advance and carried tho eneray's entire line in its front by assault, and captured several pieces of artillery, about 500 prisoners, sorae stands of colors and other raaterial. The eneray was driven out of his original line of works, and forced back to a new position along the base of Harpeth hill, still holding his line of retreat to Franklin, by the main IN THE WEST. 229 pike through Brentwood and by the Granny White pike. Our line at nightfall was readjusted, running parallel to and east of the Hillsboro pike, Schofield's command on this right, Sraith's in the center, and Wood's on the left, with the cavalry on the right of Schofield, Steadman holding the position he had gained early in the morning. The total result of the day's operations was the capture of sixteen pieces of artillery and twelve hundred prisoners, besides several hundred stands of sraall arras and about forty wagons. The enemy had been forced back at all points with heavy loss, and our casualties were unusually light. The behavior of the troops was unsurpassed for steadiness and alacrity in every movement, and the original plan of battle, with but few altera tions, strictly adhered to. The whole command bivouacked in line of battle during the night on the ground occupied at dark, while preparations were made to renew the battle at an early hour on the morrow. At 6 A. M., on the 16th, Wood's corps pressed back the enemy's skirmishers across the Franklin pike to the eastward of it, and then swinging slightly to the right advanced due south from Nashville, driving the eneray before him until he came upon l\is new main line of works, constructed during the night on what is called Overton hill, about five miles south of the city, and east of the Franklin pike. General Steadraan raoved out from Nashville by the Nolensville pike and formed his com mand OB the left of General Wood, effectually securing the latter's left flank, and made preparations to co-operate in the operations of the day. General A. J. Smith's coraraand raoved on the right of the fourth corps (Wood's) and establishing connection with General Wood's right, corapleted the rear line of battle. General Schofield's troops remained in the position taken up by them at dark on the day previous, facing eastward and towards the enemy's left flank, the line of the corps running per pendicular to General Smith's troops. General Wilson's cavalry, which had rested for the night 230 HUNDRED BATTLES at the six mile post on the Hillsboro pike, was dismounted and formed on the right of Schofield's command, and by noon of the 16th had succeeded in gaining the eneray's rear, and stretched across the Granny White pike, one of his two outlets tOAvard Franklin. As soon as the above dispositions were completed, and hav ing visited the different comraands, I gave directions that the moveraent against the eneray's left flank should be continued. Our entire line approached to within 600 yards of the enemy, at all points. His center was weak, as compared to either his right at Overton hill, or his left on the hills bordering the Granny White pike, still I had hopes of gaining his rear and cutting off his retreat frora (to?) Franklin. About three p. m. Post's brigade of Wood's corps, supported by Straight's brigade of the sarae command, was ordered by General Wood to assault Overton hill. This intention was communicated to General Steadraan, who ordered the brigade of colored troops, command ed by Colonel Morgan, fourteenth TJ. S. C. T., to co-operate in the movement. The ground on which the two assaulting columns formed, being open and exposed to the enemy's view, he^ readily per ceiving our intention, drew reinforcements from his left and center to the threatened point. This moveraent of troops on the part of the enemy was communicated along the line from left to right. The assault was made and received by the enemy with a tremendous fire of grape, canister and musketry, our men moving steadily onward up the hill until near the crest, when the reserves of the enemy rose and poured into the assaulting column a most destructive fire, causing the men first to waver, then to fall back, leaving their dead and wounded, black and white indiscriminately mingled, lying amidst the abatis, the gallant Colonel Post araong the wounded. General Wood readily re-forraed his coramand in the posi tion it had previously occupied, preparatory to a renewal of the assault. Immediately following the effort of the fourth corps, Generals Smith's and Schofield's commands moved against the IN THB WEST. 231 enemy's works in their respective fronts, carrying all before them, irreparably breaking his lines in a dozen places and cap turing all of his artillery and thousands of prisoners, among the latter, four general officers. Our loss was remarkably sraall, and scarcely mentionable. All of the enemy who did escape were pursued over the tops of Brentwood or Harpeth hills. General Wilson's cavalry, dismounted, attacked the eneray simultaneously with Schofield and Smith, striking him in reverse, and, gaining firm possession of the Granny White pike, cut off his retreat by that route. Wood's and Steadman's troops hearing the shouts of victory coming from the right rushed impetuously forward, renewing the assault on Overton hill, and, although meeting a very heavy fire, the onset was irresistible. Artillery and innuraer- able prisoners fell into our hands. The eneray, hopelessly broken, fied in confusion through the Brentwood pass, the fourth corps in close pursuit, which was continued for several railes, when darkness closed the scene and the troops rested frora their labors. As the fourth corps pursued the enemy on the Franklin pike. General Wilson hastily mounted Knipe's and Hatch's divi sions of his command and directed them to pursue along the Granny White pike and endeavor to reach Franklin in advance of the enemy. After proceeding about a mile they carae upon the eneray's cavalry, under Chalmers, posted across the road and behind barricades. The position was charged by the twelfth Tennessee cavalry. Colonel Spaulding coraraanding, and the eneray's 1 ines broken, scattering hira in all directions and captur ing quite a nuraber of prisoners, among them, Brigadier-General E. W. Rucher. During the two days' operations there were 4,46S prisoners captured, including 287 officers of all grades from thatof major- 232 HUNDRED BATTLES general, fifty-three pieces of artillery, and thousands of small arms. The eneray abandoned on the field all of his killed and wounded. Very respectfully. Your obedient servant, (Signed) George H. Thomas, Major-General Commanding, U. S. A. Colonel R. M. Sawyer, A. A. General, Military Division Mississippi. And here is what Hood said about it: ********* ** General Hood clairaed that he had strong assurances from Isham G. Harris that his army would be reinforced by, at least, 15,000 men in Tennessee, and that he would be reinforced by 15,000 raen from General Steele, frora Mississippi, but that of his own force there were but 21,000 and 2,000 cavalry, the latter being away at Murfreesboro, confronting Rousseau. Hood continues: "Finding that the main moveraent of the Federals was directed against our left, the chief engineer was instructed to carefully select a line in prolongation of the left flank. Cheatham's corps was withdrawn from the right during the night of the 1 5th and posted on the left of Stewart, Cheat ham's left flank resting near the Brentwood hills. In this posi tion, the men were ordered to construct breastworks during the same night. "The morning of the 16th found us with Lee's right on Over ton hill. At an early hour the enemy made a general attack along our front, and were again and again repulsed at all points, with heavy loss,* especially in Lee's front. About 3:80 p, m. *This is exaggerated. IN THE WEST. 233 the Federals concentrated a nuraber of guns against a portion of our line, which passed over a mound on the left of our center, and which had been occupied during the night. This point was favorable for massing troops for an ass£lult under cover of artil- 1 ery. Accordingly, the eneray availed himself of the advantage presented, massed a body of men — apparently one division — at the base of the mound and, under the fire of artillery, which prevented our raen frora raising their heads above the breast works, raade a sudden and gallant charge up to and over our intrenchments. Our line, thus pierced, gave way; soon there after it broke at all points, and I beheld for the first and only time a Confederate array abandon the field in confusion. "" * * "I was seated upon my horse not far in rear when the breach was effected, and soon discovered that all hope to rally the troops was in vain. When our troops were in greatest confusion, a young lady of Tennessee, Miss Mary Bradford, rushed in their raidst, regardless of the storm of bullets, and in the narae of God and our country implored them to re-form and face the eneray. Her narae deserves to be enrolled araong the heroes of the war, " * * * With all bis mistaken zeal, it must be admitted that Hood deserved well at the hands of his Confederate friends. For while his expedition was a hazardous one, and could not have succeeded, even had he demoralized Schofield's infantry (the cavalry were able to take care of themselves), in crossing the Tennessee with an army less than 50,000 men and an attempt to hold any portion of Tennessee, or Kentucky, was certainly a mark of great courage, worthy of success in a good cause (as he undoubtedly believed it) or a better cause (as we believe it). 234 HUNDRED BATTLES It is, then, no wonder that, as he gathered his shattered ranks, constantly lessened by capture and desertion (or scatter ing), and moved quietly along that terrible "retreat," he felt that his work was over, and as he re-crossed the Tennessee, and retired to Tupelo, Mississippi, he turned over his command to General Beauregard, and telegraphed to his superior, the secre tary of war: "Irequest to be relieved from the command of this array." CHAPTER XXIII. hood's RETREAT GENERAL FORREST NARROWLY ESCAPES CAP TURE A BATTALION CHARGES A DIVISION. After taking the left flank of our advancing army, and attempting to cut off as many as possible of the retreajiing Con federates, the Second swam the Harpeth to the east of Franklin and struck the enemy again at Spring Hill. This was on the 20th of December, 1864, and as soon as the division had closed up and our supply trains were provided for, we again took the first crossing. Duck river, December 23d. The rear guard of Hood's army was pressed all day, though not as vigorously as General Wilson thought they ought to be. It was known that General Forrest comraanded the rear guard with all his force, the reranants of what had been the flower of the Confederate cavalry. But their ranks had been greatly reduced by "straggling" and breaking into small bands, many of them seeking their homes, worn out and disgusted. Still there were enough brave spirits left to keep up a show of :236 HUNDRED BATTLES resistance, unless furiously pressed, as indeed they were liable to be by an army flushed with victory and tired of so long and apparently so useless a struggle. As they neared Linnville General Wilson and staff rode up to the advance, where Captain Whitteraore, of the Second, had three companies (the first battalion), and said, "The rebels are going too slow; can't you push them faster ?" "Yes, sir, I think I could start them on a run if I was sure of support when compelled to fall back by Forrest's main force." "I will send the fourth regulars to support you." Away they went on a gallop, scattering the lighter part of the rear guard, capturing many and sending them to the rear; others took to the fields and woods, and everything looked favor- -able for a general stampede of the Confederates, when, as they entered Linnville Captain Whittemore saw a number of soldiers, mounted; some of them sat resting, one leg thrown over the pommel of the saddle. Dashing into their midst, several of them were captured and others escaped in confusion. General Forrest was there, surrounded by his staff and escort. One of his orderlies, standing within a few feet of the General, was caught by the shoulder by Captain Whittemore and sent to the rear. This escort laughingly told the Captain after ward that he had made a poor selection, as General Forrest stood next to him, and he might as well have been captured as an orderly. Passing on through town it was discovered that the fourth regulars were not following. The enemy made the same dis- IN THE WEST. 237^ covery, and wheeling about in strong force checked what might have ^een a grand rout, if this little battalion had been backed by 1,000 men. Returning, it was found our flanks had been threatened by artillery, with cavalry in support, and the fourth had been sent againsti them. And, as the rest of the brigade knew nothing of the charge they were not in supporting distance. General Croxton, was greatly displeased in not being apprised of this raovement sooner, for he looked upon that as the gi'andest opportunity he had known during the carapaign for annihilating the best cavalry force the Confederacy had in the southwest — an opportunity of destroying or capturing in detail that was not often given by Forrest. In this charge two raen were killed and six wound ed., And this ended the third Christraas eve raade raeraorable by a struggle, loss of life, and a shade of gloora settling down upon some portion of the regiment. During the next six days ending the year 1864 the reginient closed the career of the Confederate army north of the Ten nessee river, in mud, snow, rain and cold, and the regiraent halted to "close up" at Waterloo, Alabaraa,, having marched through Pulaski, Taylor Springs, Little Cypress carap and Richland Creek. The affair at Richland Creek was for a tirae quite severe. The indefatigable Forrest made a desperate effort to give the worn out troops of Hood's comraand a little rest, and chose his ground well, making a show of resistance with artillery (which usually meant infantry support and a reserve force near), and as the Federal troops were also rauch jaded, it was some tirae before enough support was at hand to warrant a dash, with the possible resistance they might find. ¦238 HUNDRED BATTLES The day was far spent before Ci,'oxton's brigade succeeded in dislodging them and went into camp on their grounds. In the morning a charge was ordered; the rear guard gave way; following them closely the cavalry was scattered and Croxton's men rushed on and followed the eneray to the creek, three miles, and there, upon the other side, the main force of the Confed erate army was developed. For a time a general engagement seemed unavoidable and imminent, each side holding its own and the artillery opening up vigorously on both sides. Troops were brought into position; shot arid shell came and went crashing through the tree tops or bounding along the Toad, limbs of trees fell in all directions and that orainous silence of sraall arras spread its pall over the scene, and the gloom of night compelled "peace" between the combatants. The Federals obeyed and went into camp, and the Confed erates, retiring for a space, also sought the poor comfort from their carap fires. ' ' A raeraorable year, in which vast armies had melted away, like the avalanche which sweeps all before it, until, in turn, it meets an unseen power and yields. On the one side the ava lanche was already re-forming. How would it be on the other? -Only a modest river between. The Federals could afford to rest. Could the Confederates ? Seventeen days of rest and the brigade was again in the saddle and across the river without opposition. Swinging around through Eastport, luka and Burnsville, capturing a few stragglers here and there, they entered, for the third time, the historic grounds of Corinth, and on to Farraington, Mississippi, .and back to luka, the Saratoga of the south, where they rested IN THB WEST. 239 for a day and again returned through Eastport to their old camp at Waterloo, reraaining in comparative quiet a whole month; remounting the coramand with some of the best stock of Kentucky's far famed stables. Soon the command recrossed the river and went into camp at Chickasaw bluffs, and from this point frequent short scouts were made into the surrounding country. Among them one, referred to in Part Second, raade by the new comraander of the regiment. Colonel Tom Johnston, will be found of interest. During the next ten days, the coramand raarched south into Alabama, and their progress was very rauch delayed by their effort to keep with them their wagon trains; through raud, quicksand, slush and over bad hills. On this raarch efforts were made to prevent plundering, and officers were frequently ordered under arrest by the coraraanding general for violation of these orders. Passing through Cherokee, Frankfort, Russellville, Jasper, crossing the Mulberry river. Black Warrior, and through Ely- ton, coming out on the Tuscaloosa road, on March 31, the com mand find a rauch richer country, with an abundance of forage for animals. The brigade had cut loose from the division and was on a grand raid. General Wilson,* being farther east, also raiding. General John T. Croxton, in his report on the raid through northern Alabama, says: "At this tirae, as I afterwards learned, Forrest's entire train with his field artillery was at Tuscaloosa, and in apprehension of my approach was ordered to Northport. In view of this, Jack- *For an account of General Wilson's life and services, in brief, see Part Second, 240 HUNDRED BATTLES .SOD, instead of following directly, took a road striking the Mud creek road, four miles nearer Tuscaloosa, and, moving rapidly, succeeded in throwing his forces there between me and that place. upon the only road east of the Black Warrior. He had two brigades, numbering, as I then supposed and have since learned, twenty-six hundred men. I could hardly hope to run over this force and take Tuscaloosa with 1,500 men (400 of which had not yet joined me), supported as he was by 400 militia and 350 cadets, who filled the trenches around the city. I determined, . therefore, to effect by strategy what I could not hope to accom plish directly. I therefore turned north, marching ten miles on the Elyton road, halted and fed, while the fourth Kentucky joined me. Frora this point we moved directly west to John son's ferry, forty railes above Tuscaloosa, which point we reached at sundown, having marched during the day over forty miles. I ordered the eighth Iowa to begin crossing at once, and at sundown, April 2d, the whole comraand was west of the Black Warrior, the mCn, with their equipraents, crossing in a single flatboat and. the horses swimming, losing only two or three. April 3d, moved at daylight toward Tuscaloosa, the advance guard capturing all the scouts and citizens, thus pre venting any knowledge of our approach. At nine o'clock at night we reached the suburbs of Northport, massed the brigade in Cedar Grove, and with 150 men of the second Michigan cavalry moved up near the bridge. I intended to put this picket force in arabush as near the bridge as I could get, quietly await daybreak, then seize the bridge by a dash, and throw the whole brigade over, mounted, and envelop the city before the cadets and militia could be assembled. IN THE WEST. 241 "As I approached the bridge, however, I could distinctly hear the rebels reraoving the flooring, and apprehending they had received notice of our approach, and knowing the difficulty of success should they have time to assemble their troops, I gave the order, and Colonel Johnston, of the second Michigan, dashed ahead on the guards, who fired and retreated into the bridge, in the center of which the reserve was stationed behind cotton bales and in front of which twenty feet of bridge had been torn up. The detachment of the Second, led by Colonel Johnston in person, rushed into the bridge, halting for nothing until they had killed and captured the entire guard and had possession. These were moved ahead to cover the approaches to the bridge, and fifty men sent double-quick to seize the two pieces of artillery, the location of which I had learned, and which were soon in our possession. In the meantime the floor of the bridge was relaid so that footmen could pass, and the balance of the second Michigan, the sixth Kentucky and eighth Iowa thrown across, dismounted, and put in position to cover the bridge against an attack from the militia and cadets which were assembling. They made several unsuccessful attempts to ' dislodge us, but failed, and morning found us in peaceful posses- ,sion of the preraises with 600 prisoners and three pieces of artillery." After the brigade had destroyed the foundry, factory, two nitre works, the railitary university and immense quantities of stores, to cripple the southern army as much as possible and give that portion of the south a taste of war, Avith all its devas tating horrors, General Croxton began to look out for a way to rejoin the cavalry corps under General Wilson. Going south- 242 HUNDRED BATTLES «ast, he learned that Forrest with 3,000 mounted men was in his front. It was useless to attempt a fight against such odds, and even could he have driven Forrest, it was not desirable, but rather his policy to draw Forrest away from Wilson, which he did by returning to Northport. "On the way," Croxton contin ues, "the rearguard was attacked by Wirt Adams with 2,800 men. The sixth Kentucky caval?-y, in the rear, was driven in, past the second Michigan, which was immediately thrown across the road and repulsed the enemy three times as they charged against my little band of Michigan men. We were not molested further, but gathering up our wounded, thirty-two and orie killed, they were brought away in ambulances, though two of our ambu lances were broken down and abandoned." Without giving all of General Croxton's report, which follows the movements of the brigade across the Black Warrior into Elyton valley, to Jasper, Arkadephia, Trnssville and Talladega, we note: "On the 23d of April (fifteen days after Lee had surren dered, though the brigade had not yet- heard of it,) we attacked General Hill between Talladega and Blue mountain at Mum- ford's station and routed him, capturing the works, the artillery and a number of prisoners and scattered the rest in the woods." On the first of May the brigade joined the corps at Macon, after an absence of one month, during which time Croxton had no communication with any Federal forces. Had marched 653 miles through a mountainous country, swimming numerous rivers, capturing many prisoners and losing few, aside from stragglers out of their line of duty, and destroying large , quantities of stores and munitions of war. Among others of the brigade, General Croxton, in his IN THE WEST. 243 reports, recommends for promotion for meritorious services, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas W. Johnston to be colonel of the second Michigan cavalry, also Captain Walter H. Whittemore to be major by brevet. The General did not mention severe skirrnishing which lasted all day April 1st, in which forty -five men of the sixth Kentucky and a few of other regiments were lost, and neglects to mention the stirring events of forcing the horses into the Black Warrior and driving them across, while the raen crossed in a few raiserable dug-outs. It was not only a very hazardous undertaking but very laborious and exciting, and occupied a whole day. The affair with Hill was started by a brilliant dash of two companies, led by Lieutenant Woodruff, of company M, second Michigan cavalry. Two pieces of artillery opened on our com mand. Colonel Johnston ordered the advance to charge and followed them rapidly with the regiment. The advance had possession of the artillery within five minutes and the brigade did not overtake the Second until night. On April 26th and 27th Lee's army came marching horae in squads, with flags of truce flying, and our troops began to settle down to the fact that the war had ended. And now — what? Was this to be the end ? The troops of General Hill scattered like men who had become demoralized, or had risked their lives as often as they cared to in a bad cause. Yet in their breaking up and scattering they carried with thera several of our raen, who, by their head long course had become detached from the regiment, and there was an apparent disposition to spare lives. Our raen were immediately parolled. 244 HUNDRED BATTLES Here properly ends the record of this remarkable regiment, though their marches and camp duties continued on through Georgia, across the Tallapoosa river, the Chattahoochee and on, back and forth, settling finally at Macon, but sending detach ments to Thomaston, Barnesville, Forsyth and Milledgeville, and maintaining military posts at those points until finally mustered out in August, 1865, having kept up its organization for about four years, and in that time borne upon its rolls 2,400 men, including recruits, and mustered out less than one fifth of them at the final muster. END OF PART FIRST. ADJUTA.ST EDWIN HOYT, A. A. A: G. 1st Brigade, 1st Div. Cav. ^¦N? ADJUTANT H. C. AKELEY. SURGEON WM. BROWNEL. QUARTERMASTER S. BROWNELL, Lieut. Col. and Com. Sub. Army of W, Va. COMISSARY E. W. LAWRENCE PART SECOND, PART SECOND. LETTERS FROM PROMINENT GENERALS. a letter from geneeal pope. Headquarters Department of the Missouri, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, October 12, 1882. My Dear Captain: — ^I am very glad indeed to hear that you are writing a history of your regiment. Certainly there was no better regiment in the service, so far as I knew, and I reraeraber very well its gallant and soldierly appearance at all tiraes. The raid in which it was engaged south of Corinth, in 1862, was, I think, the very first military operation of that character ever raade by our troops, and deserves a rauoh fuller recital than ever has been raade. I ara sure there is no one who feels more interest in the history of your regiraent or who looks back, to it with raore affection than I do. Sincerely yours, Jno. Pope. Captain M. P. Thatcher, Detroit. 248 GENERAL W. L, ELLIOTT'S LETTER. The following is from General Elliott, colonel of the second Iowa: San Francisco, June lY, 1883. My Dear Captain: — I was glad to receive your favor of the 9th. I regret that I have not a copy of my report of the Mossy Creek fight to send you. ***** The National Tribune published an account of that fight, but the troops I had the honor to command and my own services were entirely ignored. ***** If I remember correctly, the battery attached to the first division of cavalry wasLilley's, the eighteenth Indiana. One gun was abandoned as disabled (a broken axle at the Dandridge fight, under Colonel Campbell). That left us but three pieces for the Mossy Creek fight. ****** You ought to be able to raake up a fine record for the second Michigan cavalry. My first acquaintance with the regiment was at St Louis, and soon after I joined it with my regiment in Grant's army of the Tennessee, near Corinth. Then Sheridan joined your regiment and his first service was with me on the celebrated Booneville raid — the first of the war; in which I had the honor of being the senior colonel in command. I do not think history has given the importance to this raid which it is entitled to. We really supplied Halleck's army with railroad rolling stock, besides what we destroyed and the prison ers we parolled — more than twice our own numbers, and that, too, in the teeth of General Beauregard, with his whole army. * * As a general thing I don't think the result obtained compensates for the demoralization of the troops on a cavalry raid. * * * • * ' * * * WHAT GENERAL STANLEY SAYS. 249 I am sorry to hear that Colonel Campbell lived so short a time to enjoy the reward in this world for his valuable services during the rebellion. I don't think the whole army could boast ofa finer brigade of two regiments than the second Iowa and second Michigan cavalry. Very truly yours, W. L. Elliott, Brevet Major-General, U. S. A. GENERAL STANLEY'S LETTER. Fort Lewis, Colorado, May 31, 1883. Dear Captain: — Your letter came after some delay. I have read your sketch of the battle of Franklin, and it is, accord ing to my recollection, so correct I eould not make any alteration. Yes, it is true that I was in front of the left of Opdyke's brigade when they made that charge and it was there I got my dose of lead. Yes, Wagner was, to say the least, "full" of whisky, if not drunk, and told Corsair's aid to "tell Corsair to fight the rebs till h— 1 freezes over." That was directly contrary to my instructions. But he was in a vainglorious condition, though it was not known at the time to General Schofield or myself. I am sorry I can not give you additional light on Chica mauga. Ten days before that battle I was attacked by acute dysentery and was lying prostrate at Stevenson during the great battle. Perhaps I ought not to express an opinion under 250 GENERAL HATCh's LETTER. the circumstances, but I think you are right in yorir suggestion that the cavalry was not .handled as a whole as skillfully as it should have been. A few brigade commanders, as near as I can learn, acted independently and conducted the cavalry in a great battle that might, it seems to me, have been changed to the discomfiture of the Confederates. I have always regretted the sickness which kept rae from Chicamauga. Yours truly, D. S. Stanley. To Captain M. P. Thatcher, Detroit. P. S. You appear to have had so good success in getting correct information, that I don't think I can add anything to the sketch you sent me. D. S. S. FROM GENERAL EDWARD HATCH. Fort Riley, Kansas, January 4, 1884, Captain: — I.regret that your letter was so long in reaching me. * * * The cavalry did not receive that credit which was their due for the part they took in the Hood invasion. With 4,200 cavalry we were constantly fighting with Hood's advance from Florence to Nashville; and that, too, against a force of cavalry under Forrest that equaled all of Schofield's army. Had.it not been for the stubborn fight of our ¦ cavalry at Columbia and Franklin, on Schofield's flanks, that officer would have been lucky had he reached Nashville with his staff only, and the battle of Nashville would have been fought at Louisville or somewhere in Kentucky. general hatch's letter. 251 Frora Franklin to Nashville, Croxton's and ray coramands had the rear, and in the forward movement frora Nashville it is well known that we crushed the eneray's left, over a line of breastworks, consisting of four, six and four guns, respectively. General Wilson credited our division with capturing seventeen. guns, and as raany prisoners as we had men. You can not say too much of the fighting qualities of the second Michigan cavalry. I was with your regiraent in action at Booneville, Mississippi, certainly one of the hardest f ought- cavalry affairs of the war. The two regiments went into action with about 1,000 men all told. The Confederates acknowledged a force of 5,000, The fight lasted all day. That the second Michigan had for its colonel General Sheridan, the commanding general of the United States Army, and to-day the most remarkable cavalry officer in the world, is sufficient glory for you all. I know of no regiment that ever equaled the fighting qualities of the second Michigan cavalry. Probably I witnessed two of its raost tiying moments, Booneville and Shoal Creek. I have not forgotten at Booneville, when Campbell, fighting with desperation against fearful odds, passed the word along to his men, "Hold on a moraent longer, the second Iowa are comirig." Neither, when at Shoal Creek, the second Iowa, nearly two years after, was again received with the- same old cheer. The regiments seemed to have perfect faith in each other, I am glad you are writing your regiraent's history. Mich igan should know that every raan of the second cavalry was a hero. Very truly yours, Edward Hatch, Brevet Major-General, U. S. A, ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. the states represented — WHO WERE OUR COMMANDERS. The following were the troops that served in the Army of the Cumberland, compiled from the official rosters and arranged with reference to the states to which they belonged, as shown by the report of April 10th, 1864: Connecticut, Infantry, Sth and 20th regiments. Illinois, Infantry, 10th, 16th, 19th, 21st, 22d, 24th, 25th, 27th, 34th, 35th, 36th, 38th, 42d, 44th, 51st, 59th, 60th, 73d, 74th, 76th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 82d, 83d, 84th, 85th, 86th, 88th, 89th, 92d, 96th, 98th, 100th, 101st, 102d, 104th, 105th, 110th, 115th, 123d, 125th and 129th regiraents; Cavalry, Co. K, 15th regiment; Artillery, Batteries C and M, 1st artillery, C, H and I, 2d artillery. Bridge's battery and Chicago Board of Trade Battery. Indiana, Infantry, 6th, 9tb, 10th, 15th, 17th, 22d, 27th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 32d, 33d, 35th, 36th, 37th, 38tli, 40th, 42d, 44th, .51st, 57th, 58th, 68th, 70th, 72d, 73d, 74th, 75th, 79th, 81st, «2d, 84th, 85th, 86th, 87th, 88th and 101st regiments; Cavalry, ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND. 253: 2d, Cos. G, H, I, K, 3d, 4th, Sth, 9th, 10th, Ilth, 12th and 13tb regiments; Artillery, 4th, 5th, 7th, Sth, 10th, Ilth, 12th, 13th, 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st batteries. Iowa, Cavalry, 5th and Sth regiraents. Kansas, Infantry, Sth regiment; Artillery, 1st battery. Kentucky, Infantry, 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, Sth, 9th, 10th, 15th, 17th, ISth, 21st, 23d and 28th regiraents; Cavalry, 1st,, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th regiments; Artillery, 1st and 2d batteries. Maryland, Infantry, 3d regiraent. Massachusetts, Infantry, 2d and 33d regiraents. Michigan, Erigineers and Mechanics, 1st regiraent; Infan try, 9th, 10th, Ilth, 13th, 14th, 18th, 19th, 21st, and 22d regi ments; Cavalry, 2d and 4th regiraents; Artillery, Batteries A, D, E, I and K, 1st regiraent. Minnesota, Infantry, 2d regiraent; Artillery, 2d battery. Missouri, Infantry, 2d, 15th and 23d regiments; Engineers. 1st regiraent; Artillery, Battery G, 1st regiraent. New Jersey, Infantry, 13th and 33d regiments; Artillery ,. B^attery I, 1st regiment, and 13th battery. New York, Infantry, 45th, 58th, 60th, 68th, 78th, 102d, 107th, 119th, 123d, 134th, 136th, 137th, 141st, 143d, 149th, 150th and 154th regiments; Artillery, Batteries I and M, 1st regiraent, and 13th battery. Ohio, Infantry, 1st, 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 7th, 9th, 10th, Ilth,, 13th, 14th, 15th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 21st, 24th, 26th, 29th, 31st, 33d, 35th, 36th, 38th, 40th, 41st, 49th, 51st, 52d, 55th, 59th,. 61st, 64th, 65th, 66th, 69th, 71st, 73d, 74th, 79th, 82d, 89th, 90th, 92d, 93d, 94th, 97th, 98th, 99th, lOlst, 102d, 105th, 106th,. -254 THE COMMANDERS. lOSth, 113th, 115th, 121st, 124th and 125th regiments; Cavalry, 1st, 3d, 4th' and 10th regiments; Ai-tillery, Batteries A, B, C, E, F, G, I, K and M, 1st regiment, arid 6th, 9th, l2th, ISth and 20th batteries. Pennsylvania, Infantry, 27th, 2Sth, 29th, 46th, 73d, 75th, 77th, 78th, 79th, 109th, 111th and 147th regiments; Cavalry, 7th, 9th and 15th regiments: Artillery, Batteries B and E (inde pendent). Tennessee, Infantry, 1st, 2d, and 10th regiments; Cavalry, 1st, 2d, Sd, 4th, 5th, Sth, 9th, 10th, 12th and 13th regiments; Artillery, Batteries A, C, D and F, 1st regiment. Wisconsin, Infantry, 1st, 3d, 10th, 13th, 15th, 21st, 22d, 24th, 26th and 3l8t regiments; Cavalry, 1st regiment; Artil lery, 3d, 5th, 8th and 10th batteries,, and Battery C, 1st heavy artillery. To these organizations were added four regiments of infan try, one regiment of cavalry, and seven batteries of artillery, of the regular United States troops, raaking the grand total, present and absent, of the Array of the Curaberland, at the opening of the Atlanta carapaign, one hundred -and seventy-one thousand four hundred and fifty, officers and enlisted men. WHO WERE OUR COMMANDERS. f Major-General D. S. Stanley — commanding cavalry corps, A.rmy of the Cumberland. General J. B. Turohin, first division. General S. C. Smith, second division. Colonel R. H. G. Minty, first brigade, first division. Colonel Paramore, second brigade, first division. Colonel E. M. McCook, first brigade, second division. THE COMMANDERS.- 255 Colonel A. P. Carapbell, second brigade, second division. These were our cavalry coramanders on the 1st of May, 1863. Soon after there was a change in the numbering of the brigades and divisions, and our own brigade was known as the first brigade, first division, and this position was raaintained until the end of the war. At Stevenson, Alabaraa, General Stanley was taken sick, and the cavalry corps suffered by his absence at the battle of Chicamauga. • During the winter of 1863-4 Generals Elliott and Sturgis alternated in the comraand of the cavalry. Generals Mitchell, Crook and McCook successively coraraanded the first division, and later General Hatch. General Wilson was in command of the cavalry corps from October, 1864, to the end of the war. Brigadier- Gen eral Croxton commanded our brigade during the Hood invasion and until the close of the war. Previous to the organization of the Array of the Curaber land, under General Rosecrans, the cavalry was poorly organ ized; the regiments serving independently or attached to some division of infantry. This was why we lost General Sheridan, by promotion — he was promoted out of the regiraent, and there were no brigades of cavalry to coramand. Had General P. H. Sheridan been in coraraand of all our cavalry at Chicaraauga, and used them as at the East, there would have been a thorn in the side of Braxton Bragg that would have worried him. ^ Had Thomas had at Nashville Rosecrans's cavalry from Chicamauga, with plenty of comraanders like Hatch and Crox ton for the brigades and divisions. Hood wOuld never have recrossed the Harpeth. The real strength of cavalry was always underestimated. STONE RIVER. "we shall win this fight !" — GENERAL ROSECRANS AND THIS MEMORABLE BATTLE. Of all the heroes brought out by the events of the great rebellion, none has suffered so much from the vacillating minds of a great people as William S. Rosecrans. Although the writer of this volurae does not profess to be giving the tenth part of the stirring events that were being enacted near or within signal distance of his immediate com raand, but has followed closely to the original intention of nar rating only events in which his regiment, or at most his brigade, was directly interested, a slight digression is here deemed admissible, frora the fact that, while 200 railes or raore separated us from Stone, River, yet we were assisting Rosecrans's army, and were passing through scenes as trying and hazardous as were any other troops and were in fact cutting off reinforcements by destroying railroads leading from Richmond to Bragg. "Carter's raid," an account of which appears earlier in these GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. 257 pages, was that duty, and that, if excuse is needed, is ours for giving a brief summary of the terrific battle of Stone River, near Murfreesboro. General Rosecrans came to us at a tiine when the army of the Ohio, as it was then called, surely needed a great soldier to lead it. The material of that army had proven itself of the finest quality. Twenty-three thousand soldiers, half of them raw troops, had withstood the demoralizing, effects of a surprise, rout and slaughter, at Perryville, and rallying had beaten back as fine a corps of spirited soldiers as ever wore the gray, under one of their hardest fighters, Hardee, backed by 35,000 men. Had it happened where newspaper correspondents were courted and numerous, the country would have been thrilled by the brilliant victory out of defeat. But Rosecrans saw the record, and Lincoln saw it, and had his eye upon that army and Rosecrans at the same time. There had been another record — away down in Mississippi. Abraham Lincoln had a very long head, and a way of quietly asserting his authority when he knew he was right. Buell had lost a grand opportunity. Bragg had escaped out bf Kentucky. Rosecrans dropped into the place, knowing little of the territory or men, and embarrassed by great expecta tions on the part of the nation. Buell was said to have gone out of Louisville on that mem orable 1st of October with 100,000 raen and flying colors. The colors were flying, but alas for that array! the siege of Corinth and a Mississippi campaign had spread desolation in its ranks, and every green hill from Booneville, Mississippi, to Cincinnati was dotted with newly made graves, andthe rolls showed the de- 258 GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. plorable fact that there were but 68,000 men within five miles of Perryville and only one third of these engaged, and hence the barren victory. The array was thought well equipped and disciplined, but their actual fighting strength was greatly overrated — probably not less than forty per cent. But General Rosecrans was known to most of his men, and had from the first their confidence. He saw with alarm that nearly one-third his infantry were unfit for duty, either from sickness or imperfect arms. He also saw that his cavalry con sisted of three or four regiments that might be called cavalry, yet were not fully up to the standard as compared with the dash ing horsemen of the South, and as to numbers the Confederate cavalry so greatly outnurabered his that he scarcely dared send his own cavalry out to operate allone unaccorapanied by artillery and infantry, unless it was sorae dashing exjDedition where small numbers stood a better chance than a multitude. And such was the army when General Rosecrans oame to it at Louisville, October 30, 1862, and issued his general order No. 1, assuming coraraand of the fourteenth array corps, hence forth to be known as the army of the Curaberland, and an nouncing his staff — mostly brought with him frora Mississippi. Bowling Green was at the tirae the southern terminus of railroad coraraunication, but General Negley held Nashville with one good division, and here the Confederate cavalry were constantly threatening that iraportant post, harassing the lines and keeping thera constantly on the alert, while Breckenridge held Murfreesboro, and Bragg was moving as rapidly as possible GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. 259 frora his circuitous retreat frora Kentucky through east Tenn essee, to assist in forming a strong barrier against our further advance into the South. One of Rosecrans's first acts waste ask for General D. S. Stanley as chief of cavalry, and the rapid reconstruction of the Louisville & Nashville road. Very soon, headquarters were established at Bowling Green and here General George H. Thoraas joined Rosecrans, and from the first was recognized as the real chief of staff upon whom "old Rosy" loved to lean, for counsel and support. "Old Rosy" and "Pap Thomas" becarae at once naraes to be spoken in the same breath, with loving confidence, and that confidence grew as it became known that frequent consultations were held by them. General McCook and corps were on the way to Nashville by November 4lh, and next day artillery firing was heard in the direction of Nashville, over forty miles away. Couriers met them soon and announced that the Confederates had been driven back from an attempt to burn the railroad bridge across the Curaberland at Nashville. Here John Morgan established his record for dishonorable warfare, taking advantage of a flag of truce to forra troops near the works and dash into the town. But they were driven off, the bridge saved and Nashville let alone. Within ten days frora the tirae of assuraing comraand Rosecrans had reconstructed the railway and established head quarters at Nashville, and had forraed his array into three wings^Major-General Aleck McDowell McCook coraraanding the right, Major-General Geo. H. Thoraas the center, and Major- General Thomas L. Crittenden the left. 260 GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. For the next forty days all were busy perfecting arrange- inents for a forward movement. Supplies of all kinds were hurried frora the north and the fe-w" recruits ready were pushed on, thrust into blue clothes, given a musket, and informed they were soldiers of Uncle Sam's army — "Prepare to be shot." Upon the sloping hills south and east of Nashville the rows of white tents gave one of the most spirited of military pictures, and with brothers, husbands and lovers all driven away to the war, the woraen of Nashville had nothing to do but make it interesting for the "Yankee army" — ^and the arts and wiles of those keen-witted feraales kept provost marshals and clerks busy with passes, or raore frequently refusals of passes. And so the time passed rapidly. General Stanley mean time showing his mettle by a reconnaissance to Triune and Franklin with a small force of cavalry, capturing both of those places by a dash and establishing the fact that the enemy's forces were mainly concentrated at Murfreesboro. Then began the query among outside parties, "Why don't Rosecrans move ?" — the same old "on to Richmond" cry for ever ringing in the ears of commanding generals. Rosecrans's invariable reply was, "I'll move when I get a good ready. I believe I know ray own business best, and will not allow public clamor to guide or influence me." On the 5th of December there were but flve days' rations at Nashville. By Christmas, enough had accumulated to last until about the 1st of February. At this time the muster rolls showed but 46,910 men, -with only about 3,000 cavalry and 2,000 artillery included. To oppose these, Braxton Bragg was reported to have an GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. 261 army of 75,000 men, well disciplined, and, for them, well equip ped. Bragg relied upon the superiority of his troops in point of discipline and dash, and fully expected to keep Rosecrans busy at Nashville with one division while, with the remainder, he crossed the Cumberland and again invaded Kentucky. Making due allowance for sick and desertions, Bragg had probably not less than 60,000 men. For Rosecrans to confront these with any less nurabers looks, at this distance, like foolish ness, with men so nearly equal in fighting qualities. But he had confidence in the staying qualities of his troops. He used to say, "Bragg is a good dog, but Holdfast is a better;" and so he proved. On Christraas night Rosecrans and his generals raet for con sultation and — "orders." That consultation ended in the chief giving them all to understand that he was ready to move, and proposed to "show Bragg, to-morrow, that the Federal army had not gone into winter quarters;" and after a vigorous speech to them, closed by saying, substantially, "Fight, keep fighting. Push, push ahead. Spread your skirraishers far and near. Keep fighting and pushing. They will not stand it. Good night, gentlemen." This was past raidnight. The indefatigable Garesche was deep in his papers, never weary, never out of huraor, and, like his master, the General, was conscientiously devotional. The morning of Friday, December 26, was dreary enough; black clouds hung over the hills and thick mists climbed up from the damp, dark valleys. Soon the rain had filled the little streams to sraall rushing torrents, and as reveille rattled frora hill to hill, blue coats carae swarraing out of snow -white tents 262 GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. like ants, shouting, crowing, and responding cheerfully, all unraindful of the surroundings. They were ordered to break camp and fall in, and within the hour, breakfast was off, trains packed and the army raoved. Thomas, witb his center wing, swung out upon the right to Brentwood and found nothing. McCook moved towards Nolensville and Jeff. C. Davis's division found the eneray ready to dispute Knob's Gap. Stanley was everywhere along the front, uncovering every nest and covering the raoveraents of the infantry as rauch as possible with his sraall force. Crittenden, with his 13,300, moved down the raain pike towards Murfreesboro, with Colonel Minty, of the fourth Mich igan, and his brigade covering the front and left. The Confed erates made a strong stand at Lavergne towards night, but Col onel Enyart's brigade charged and drove the eneray across Stony Creek. Awaiting at Nashville to give the different wings time .to gain their points, Rosecrans moved out with his escort, and mid night found hira still in the saddle, retiring from McCook's position, at or near Nolensville, to a position near the left, nor did he retire until fourteen hours had been spent in the saddle. On Saturday the left wheel of the army began sweeping around Triune, Hardee retiring, and General Wood's division pushing vigorously through Lavergne, capturing a few at the bridge over Stewart's Creek, and saving the bridge by a dash of our artillery to a covering point, and Rosecrans established his headquarters near Lavergne, observing Sunday by religious exercises under Father Tracy. GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. 263 On Monday headquarters were moved to Stewartsboro, and at three o'clock in the afternoon General Palmer signaled from the front that he was in sight of Murfreesboro, and the enemy were running. General Crittenden was ordered to send a divis ion to occupy Murfreesboro. But in atterap-Jng to carry out this raove Generals Wood and Palraer found Breckenridge in a strong position, frora which it was concluded best not to attempt a dislodgraent until further orders. Orders were withheld until evening, when the General examined the situation along the front, and night settled down, with a feeling in the minds of all that to-morrow would bring stirring events. Tuesday, the 80th, dawned, dark and dreary. Mud everywhere, in which the soldiers had lain all night, with rain drenching them, and long before daylight they were glad to stand to arras. At seven o'clock Crittenden's lines moved through the heavy cedar thick ets on the left. The enemy had discovered Rosecrans's head quarters, and dropping a few shells among them, killing one of his orderlies (McDonald), their position was changed. Then the maneuvering of troops began, and as line after line formed out to the left, heavy rautterings were heard away on the right. Around the General staff officers were busy writing dis patches, beneath outspread rubber ponchos. At noon reports- came of strong attacks upon McCook's right by the enemy's cavalry. Later the enemy cut our trains on the Murfreesboro pike. General Thomas was pushing successfully on the center and was directed to press the enemy according to his own discretion. McCook reports Sheridan successful on the right and Rose- 264 GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. crans said things looked brighter, aud night came 'down with rain and cold; strong picket lines well posted all along the lines, and the utraost precaution taken to prevent surprise. McCook was directed to press the right and hold as long as possible. Thomas and Palmer were to press the center, Crittenden to advance on Breckenridge, and -Wood to push for ward by the upper ford and if possible take Murfreesboro. Rosecrans's intentions were evidently to swing Wood around by the left — and if possible strike the enemy on their right and weaken their strength, opposed to Thomas in the center and McCook on the right. To McCook hesaid: "Can you hold, your position three hours?" "I think I can," said Aleck McD. "Well, you know the ground; change your position if you think necessary." And then followed orders, and before they had been de livered to all, in the morning the thunderbolt had been hurled against McCook. Though he was driven back he was not sur prised. It struck the divisions of Rousseau, Negley and Sheridan and found them standing to arms. But, as it proved, nearly all of Bragg's army had concentrated against McCook. Naturally they were driven. Stragglers said: "The right wing is broken. General Sill killed, twC batteries captured." The roar of artillery showed a sullen disputing of the ground, but McCook had undertaken more than he thought. He could not hold the right three hours. It was an anxious moment for Rose'crans. To a staff officer from McCook: "Tell hira to hold every inch." He had not heard of the capture of two brigades. GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. 265 The plan of battle was disconcerted, but the com mander was not discouraged. Mounting with his staff he rode to the rescue. Ordering a brigade here, a battery there and a division yonder — every point was taken in at a glance. Hastening to the right, amid a shower of bullets and shells, he saw quiet Phil Sheridan disentangling himself from a cedar thicket; short of ammunition, but with perfect ranks, and Negley was still in the fiery furnace, in front of Thomas. Rousseau went to his relief. Gallant old Loomis planted batteries here and there and a temporary check was made. Sheridan replenished his empty cartridge boxes and wheeled promptly into line. But tho right wing was, unquestionably doubled back nearly upon the left. It was the grandest moment of Rosecrans's life. Although divisions were broken — brigades and sections of artillery captured, still the old hero could exclaim, "We shall win this fight!" Nineteen guns were a severe loss, but the day was not lost. Massing his batteries in the center, never having a thought for his own personal safety, though frequently admonished not to expose himself so much, he said, after correcting his lines and issuing orders, in person: "Forward! The whole line forward! Fire low; then charge them! They can't stand cold 6teel!" And with a crash from the throats of every gun upon that crest, before which the Confederate army quailed, forward sprung the undaunted heroes of Sheridan, Rousseau, and Negley. O! to what extent will huraan nerves stand tuning with such wild, hellish music and not break! Forward they 266 GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONB RIVER. go, volley following so close upon volley that not a musket .shot was heard — it was as if a {housand locomotives were thunder ing over as many bridges, and the roar was simply awful. "Shoot low!" Yes, so low that it seemed as if scarce an ounce of lead went astray. No; they could not stand it. Nor did they wait for "cold steel." They ran. "Ah-h!" and shouts drown all other sounds, as Rosecrans himself leads the charge in person, and the enemy retired in confusion araid an avalanche of shot, shell, bullets and shouts of victory. Turriing slightly to the left, attention was turned to a weak point, in front of Thoraas, being p.ssailed furiously by the enemy. Leading the way, fresh batteries rushed to the rescue, and turning the tide of battle at that point solid positions were being established along our right, and the enemy were rapidly forming on our left center, though feinting the extreme right. Rosecrans understood them and prepared Crittenden for the struggle, and Ilazen was discovered a trifle too far to the left, and was corapelled to stand repeated assaults against his brigade, but Parsons's battery came up and responded sharply, soon relieving him. Thomas was busy in the center; it had becorae quiet on the right, and the ominous silence along towards the left plainly indicated a decisive struggle. Rosecrans first prepared for defensive operations, hoping the enemy would force the fight, estimating that the Confeder ates outnumbeiedhira about 6,000 for the final struggle. Bragg had found out his great raistake in supposing the Confederate army the best fighters, man for raan, and he real- GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. 267 ized his only hope lay in the impetuosity of his men. He hurled a corps against Crittenden. They were hurled back with about equal loss. Then came every available man, thrown with all the grandeur in which huraan fiends can possibly assume the heroic form, but they met solid phalanx upon phalanx, and the crash was simply horribly grand and terrible. It was discipline against discipline. ****** It was the last day of the year; the sun was srailing upon this scene of carnage, as it went sailing away to the west, but it warraed the hearts of those Northmen, cut off, as they be lieved themselves to be, by the enemy's cavalry at Lavergne. Gra.sping their guns with a firmer grip,' lightly weighing the cartridge pouch at their sides, and casting a hasty glance at the sun as a sight they never might, see again, they met the on slaught unflinchingly. Above and around thera five score cannon belched forth iron and smoke. Great furrows flew up araid the racked .and bleeding raasses. Gaps filled mechanically. To face such a storm, mounted, one must surely lead a charmed lil'e. Out of all those generals and staffs, with their escorts, it was remarkable so few lost their lives. Garesch^, chief of staff, ever by the side of his general, lost his head, snuffed out as suddenly as a candle, and he was the second of Rosecrans's followers to whom "death came quick and pangless" on that field, and in the same horrible raanner, but many others of the staff were hit and a few others were killed; while among the general officers, very few escaped unscathed. It is not my purpose to dwell upon the horrors of that or any other battle field. It could not be pictured by pen or brush in all its realisra. 268 GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. The day waned slowly. Bragg again concentrated on the -center. Again the artillery frora their commanding position opened upon them, and the eneray's infantry would not come. Again upon the left, and the left stood firra; and the battle died away, as night, slowly, silently, pityingly, rring down her curtain upon the bloody scene, and Rosecrans was master of the field; yet the array retired to rest, as rest they raight, with the fullest expectation of renewing the engagement upon the morrow. Troops had been thrown like a shuttlecock, from right to left, .and from left to right, regardless of rear comraunications. "We will die right here, or we will win this battle," said Rosecransy and his generals echoed, "Like men!" and there were no lag gards. Many of our troops were short of rations; but there was never a raurraur. "We may have to eat parched corn, but we will stay by them," said Rosy. "We have enough araraunition for another battle," and preparations were made for the morrow. It was cold and very dismal; but they slept on their arms' where they had fought. Some cut and broiled horse steaks, and others parched com, and after raidnight rain fell again. Long before day the troops were in line, ready for the onslaught. New lines were forraed, and new plans adopted, but the day wore away with only demonstrations, and January 1st closed down with the two armies holding their own. On the 2d the maneuvering continued, until Breckenridge with a strong cCrps moved solidly against the left. They were met with a terrific cannonade. The lines break, and Davis, Carlin and Morton dash upon them, and the enemy are routed — leaving 2,000 upon the field. GENERAL ROSECRANS AND STONE RIVER. 269 and again the old hero says, "We shall beat them!" Sunday passed with few demonstrations from the eneray, met promptly and with disaster to the Confederates, and before daylight Monday morning burial parties brought intelligence that the enemy had fled. High raass was held that raorning, and so, after seven days of heroic struggles and self denial, the array could rest. Our losses were: KILLED. WOUNDED. Officers 92 Officers i. 384 Enlisted men 1,441 Enlisted men 6,861 Prisoners 3,000 Totalloss .11,778 The eneray's los< was not known, but as they were the assailants, it raust have been rauch heavier than ours. They left only those they were corapelled to and left nothing for thera to eat. They buried many, but not all, and took with them all that were but slightly wounded. Rosecrans marched in, and the fate of Bragg's army was sealed. It had been a fair, stand up fight in the open field, and Northern steadfastness had won the first victory of the war where- neither numbers nor position were in our favor. BIOGRAPHIES OF A FEW PROMINENT OFFICERS. GORDON GRANGER. The civil war in America developed few brighter military geniuses than General Gordon Granger, yet we have not, as a nation, begun to look upon hira as araong our heroes. He grad uated frora West Point in 1845, being sent there from New York, near Geneva, where he was born. He was about thirty- five or thirty-six at the breaking out of the war (the date of his birth is not at hand). He entered the army under General Scott, in Mexico, and served with honors at the battles of Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Cherubusco, Chapultepec and the City of Mexico, and was breveted first lieutenant for gallantry at Contreras and Cherubusco, and at Chapultepec was breveted captain for meritorious services. At the breaking out of the rebellion he was mustering officer at Cincinnati, and soon after was with General Lyon at Wilson's Creek,- Missouri, where Lyon .was killed, aud for cour ageous conduct was bre-veted raajor. At this tirae he was sent to St. Louis on some special duty and, while there, was appoint ed, by Governor Blair, of Michigan, colonel of the second Mich igan cavalry, and his railitary genius soon asserted itself by GORDON GRANGER. 271 many severe lessons to the volunteer officers and men of this regiment. He brought thera up to the full standard of regulars within a period of three raonths. Men of his starap were needed then; and he never had the opportunity to take the regiraent into a fight, but was given a star and placed in coraraand of a brigade, then a division, and won the respect and adrairation of nearly every man with whom he carae in contact. Big, rough fellows, soldiers in the Second, who had carried logs and rode wooden horses, under the discipline of "Old Granger," as they called hira, stood in silent awe as they first saw him under fire at New Madrid, giving his personal attention to the field pieces, shaking the dirt from his whiskers as a cannon ball buried hira in a cloud of dust, and moving along the line uncon cernedly. One of these same wooden horse heroes from the pine woods of Michigan was heard to exclaim, admiringly, "Bully for old Granger ! " ,He was Pope's right hand man and chief counselor during that short and brilliant • campaign, and, with Pope, took the center of Halleck's army in front of Corinth. After the evacuation and demoralization of Beauregard's army at that place. Granger was ordered to Cincinnati to command the department and the army of Kentucky, where he remained until after the battle of Stone River, when he joined Rosecrans, merging his army into the Army of the Cumberland, and held command of the right wing, which occupied, as an out post, Franklin, until the grand forward movement to the south east, through Tennessee, began, in 1863, and the right wing swung around the center, bearing the scattering fragments of Bragg's array back upon Chattanooga. 272 GORDON GRANGER. This corps was known there as the "reserve corps," consisting of three divisions — General Stanley (who had been transferred from the cavalry). General Steadman and General Bragg withdrew frora Chattanooga, and Granger slipped in, and with Steadman's division moved down to the front. Rosecrans placed him on the left, ordering him to hold Thomas's extreme left, to look after Reed's bridge over the west fork of Chicamauga creek, and prevent any force frora coming in on that flank that raight atterapt to get in our rear through Lafayette gap. That was Saturday. Taking up a position on a little ridge in front of McAfee's church, overlooking the valley and bridge in plain sight, they burned the bridge and lay there all night, expecting a severe engageraent in their front next day. But, instead, Bragg hurled his best troops, with the veterans of Longstreet's array, frora Richmond, against Thomas, expecting to crush him in the center and destroy the wings afterward. Granger heard the fierce assaults and knew that Thomas needed him. He sent an aid to General Rosecrans and asked if he raight not go to Thoraas's assistance. The aid returned! and could not find Rosecrans; his headquarters had been moved and the enemy was there. Granger sent again and agains the third tirae; meantime he was chafing like a caged lion.. At last he sent all his staff away and they dashed here and) there, often riding to the thickest of the fight, knowing Rose crans's disregard of personal safety. They returned to Granger at half past eleven in the raorning, and all reported failure. He was pacing up and down in front of the little church. His orders were imperative to hold the bridge at all hazards. GORDON GRANGER. 273 Should he disobey? He listened a moment, then paced, and looked, and the storm gathering upon his face was something terrible to behold. At last, turning to bis chief of artillery, Colonel Thompson, he said, "I can't stand this any longer; we are needed over there," and immediately sent his staff in differ ent directions. Soon General Steadman had two of bis brigades, Whittaker's and Mitchell's, hurrying forward in the direction of the awful roar which they feared meant destruction to Geijeral Thoraas. Ed McCook's brigade remained to guard the passage of the bridge. The raarch to Thoraas was raade in short time, and they reached there none too soon. The enemy were pressing nearer and nearer in heavy lines, and the ridge which Thomas had held all day was apparently within the grasp of the enemy, when Granger, with Steadman, Whittaker and Mitchell, hurled their two brigades of fresh troops against the flanks of the enemy, and they recoiled with a shake like a discorafited blood hound pack, and rallying again, the next onslaught was weaker, the defense stronger. The Confederates break; the Federals charge, and "that red field was won." Reporting to General Thoraas he was welcomed by a warm shake of the hand and — "Well, General, fifteen minutes more would have been too late." General Granger is dead, but bis staff (many of them) live to honor him and love his memory. After Chicamauga he was placed in coraraand of the fourth army porps, and as he was misrepresented by certain army officers, he was glad to be relieved and enter some other army, where the spirit of jealousy did not so seriously exist. 274 GORDON GRANGER. He went to Canby, at New Orleans, and took charge of the land forces co-operating with General Farragut against Mobile. Later he comraanded the reorganized thirteenth army corps. After the war closed and we had too many generals, Gordon Granger found himself Colonel of the twenty-fifth United States infantry, stationed at "Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he died, and was reraoved to Lexington, Kentucky. There a handsorae raonuraent has been erected by his widow. He was breveted for meritorious services, at Mobile, as brigadier, and at Forts Gaines and Morgan as major-general, but he lacked the, necessary influence at Washington, and, obedient to the last (a duty which amounted to religion witih him), he dropped back to his rank of Colonel. Taken all in all, Gordon Granger died with a good big account to his credit from his country. An eye witness at Chicamauga says: , "If Gordon, Granger had never fought in another battle than Chicamauga, that one heroic aet — disobeying orders (to stay at Rossville, or McAfee's church, until ordered up), at the risk of his military head and reputation, should starap his narae forever indelibly upon the hearts of a grateful people." Thomas was being surrounded. He could and did repel the -assaults of Bragg's whole army, but his lion heart almost sunk Avithin him as he saw the enemy pouring around his right under cover of a gorge. Every man and every gun was bathed in fire, sraoke and blood, and must stand or fall where they stood — none could be spared to raeet this new eraergency— and then, O, Heaven! whore was his coramauder, Rosecrans, and all the troops that ought to be within call ? Must he surrender, or, continue the butchery ? GORDON GRANGER. 275 Away to the left' a cloud of dust, streaming banners, hurrying troops. Was it the enemy ? Think of the suppressed agony of that grand old raan as he nervously handed his glass to a staff officer and said: "My horse is unsteady — here, what do you see?" He could not make it out. Turning sharply to an officer, in a tone very unusual to him, he alraost shouted; "What troops are those? Find out!" and he never took his eye from the point, though the roar on his right was as if the heavens were rent asunder and the earth trembled with earthquake shocks. At last he drops his arra, breathes a sigh as if the whole nation breathed through him, and his countenance changes, as lightning changes, from darkness to light. He saw and recognized the battle flag of Granger. O, glorious Thomas and glorious Granger! His heart told him there was .need of help, though the summons did not come, and. he was there none too quick. Never waiting for orders he hurls his fresh troops upon the flanks of the assaulting foe, and Thomas is saved. With all his gruff ways, Gordon Granger at times revealed a strong character for justice, truth and mercy. A company comraander, thinking hiraself and his men ag grieved, appealed to Colonel Granger. "All I ask is simple justice." And the reply came f)rorapt and vigorous, "I will do what is right, though the heavens fall." An officer who deceived him, disregarding truth and proraises, was put under arrest, charges preferred against hira, and he would have been dismissed frora the service promptly but for his humble apologies and appeals for mercy. Then the officer was released, and placed on duty again — a faithful and truthful subaltern ever after. Another, 276 GORDON GRANGER. who disregarded the rules of the service as to sobriety, was promptly dismissed. A citizen who had been arrested on sus picion of prowling about camp at Franklin, Tennessee, to gain information useful to the eneray, was interceded for by a Union man, who represented that the man was mentally irresponsible, a victim of epilepsy. While the prisoner was being discussed, he sat not far away, leaning against a tree. "Look, General!" The man had fallen over, his arms flying wildly in spasms. "Take him away, quick, I don't want him dying on my bands," and he got np and maved into his tent, out of sight. It has been hinted that it was, as the sayinggoes, "a put up job." But the General was undoubtedly glad of an excuse to send the man through the lines. When Gordon Granger was assigned to the coramand of the second Michigan cavalry at Benton Barracks, St Louis, there was not much love for tbe man at first among the offi.cers or privates. A strict disciplinarian, he had no patience with careless infringement of strict military orders, and bis way of bringing volunteers to tbe same level with regulars was often made the subject of unfavorable comment. Our little Lieutenant-Colonel, as gallant an officer as ever "mounted ahorse," was compelled to resign for the too common offense of intoxication, though he was an old soldier in tbe Crimea, and later in our war did good service as a lieutenant or captain in some other regi raent. But the Colonel met his match just once. A rough charac ter (of company — Q — let us say) was taking care of his horse in the stable in his own peculiar way (good care enough. GENERAL SHERIDAN. 277 only peculiar) when the Colonel came "smelling around," with out shoulder straps or other insignia of rank, and called out to "Charley" roughly, "What are you doing there?" "None your d business." "Do you know who I am?" "No! nor I don't care a d- " Without replying, Colonel Granger Seized a piece of board and was about to "break up camp," when a fork was caught up and rushing at the Colonel, Charley drove him out of the stable. For a wonder the fellow was not arrested, and though Charley manifested no uneasiness about the matter, he insisted that be did not know who it was, but would have done the same in any event. "Let old Granger put on his shoulder straps if he wants to give any orders around here," was his only comment. But later in the war the regiment thought much of him ; in fact were proud of him. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL P. H. SHERIDAN. The stone that the builders reject not infrequently becomea the head of the corner, and Captain Phil Sheridan is an example in point. When the second and third regiments of Michigan cavalry were at Benton Barracks, St Louis, the Second chose Captain' Gordon Granger for their Colonel from the regu lar army. Not to be outdone, the Third sent out a committee of officers to hunt up a regular array officer that in their judg- 278 GENERAL SHERIDAN. , ment would do for their colonel. In their smelling around they found Captain Sheridan, of the quartermaster's department. He was of the opinion that the war would be over before he had a chance to get above a captaincy. His first appearance did not seera to irapress the committee favorably, for they carae back and reported, as their first day's work: "We found a little red faced Irishman down there that some of those regular officers would like to saddle on to us; but we don't think we want hira." They selected a genteel, strict, band-box disciplinarian from West Point, with a good record as an organizer, and a bet- er record for insisting upon all the details of drill, bright but^ tons and blacked shoes, than for exceeding his orders in the field. But the material of the Third was equal to any regiment in the field. Colonel Phil, Sheridan was not one of your cringing sort of men, and was ever ready to assert his rights, under every cir cumstance. One day the regiraent had occasion to halt by the roadside, and the Colonel was busy looking after certain affairs connected with the movement of the troops from Mississippi to Kentucky, when an officer came out of a house and, speaking from the veranda told some of the men to "Tell the commander of this cavalry to move on away from the front of my headquarters." The soldier reported the fact to Colonel Sheridan. "Who is it?" says the Colonel. "General Grant, I believe." "Tell General Grant this is Sheridan's cavalry, and he says he will move when he gets a d good ready!" , GENERAL SHERIDAN.' 279 The soldier obeyed to the letter, but as nothirig more was heard of it, it is presumed the General rather liked him for it, as he highly corapliraented Sheridan not long afterwards for cer tain railitary operations. A horse pistol, even if it was a Colt revolver was not always supposed to be an accurate shooter; but Colonel Sheridan taught the boys one day that good shooting could be done with it, if they tried. A rattlesnake lay coiled up in a brush heap, with his head raised as if about to strike, when the Colonel decapitated him as slick as if cut with a knife. At the outset Sheridan won the hearts of his soldiers by his thoughtful care of them. At the struggle with Chalraers, Booneville, Mississippi, July 1st, 1862, about forty had been wounded, raore or less seriously (a large- number fpr so small a handful engaged), and a number of the eneray wounded had also fallen into our hands and had received equal attention with our own men. It was near raidnight when the surgeons had made all as corafortable as circumstances would permit, and were wrapping themselves in their blankets for a few hours of rest, when Colonel Sheridan came to the surgeons' quarters and inquired, in his quiet way, as to the condition and number of the wounded. "Can they be moved without injury to the' men ? " "They can." » "It is quite possible that we may be attacked again in the morning, ?ind it would be better for them to be away from the exciteraent, and if you think they can endure it have the arabu lances at work at once, and take them to Rienzi. An escort -will be ready to accompany you." 280 GENERAL SHERIDAN. This was accomplished before morning, and the poor fellows breathed more freely as they felt they were not to be left to the tender mercies of an enemy. Among the "immortal names that were not born to die" the present century has furnished none brighter for the pages of history than that of Sheridan. This can be said without detracting, in the least, from the glorious records of other illustrious captains of the age. General Grant won fame by possessing a broad, comprehensive mind, coupled with stubborn tenacity, and cool executive ability, though lacking in that concentrative, quick, dashing force that characterized the great Napoleon. Grant's opinion of Sheridan was "one of the ablest generals of the day," and this, too at a time when Sheridan had scarce shed his regimental clothes. And before the country had begun to recognize him as anything more than a good division commander, he electrified all Christ endom by his masterly achievements with whole army corps, wheeling into line as methodically as a small band of scouts might do, and crushing the finest Confederate army that had occupied the Shenandoah valley. Not waiting for the results of an all day stand up slaughter, strategy and dash combined enabled him to hurl a fighting corps upon a vulnerable point in the rear and flank, and demoralization seized the enemy as victory followed fast upon the banners of the assailants. The ability to comraand an army, and not forget the smaller details of flank movements, meeting surprises with surprise, is given to but few, and among that few General P. H. Sheridan will ever occupy a prominent place in history. GENERAL SHERIDAN. 281 When the war begun, the subject of this sketch was only a little past the period of boyhood. He was born September 6th, 1831, in Perry county, Ohio, and was therefore not quite thirty years old in 1861. But he looked, every inch, the soldier that he was, with bis broad shoulders, long, heavily set arras and trunk, though a little below the medium in hight, not so much so as be jokingly made himself appear soraetimes. As we watch his movements, quick, alert, decided, he sug gests to the swordsman "a dangerous antagonist," and to the pistol shot a man of quick eye, steady nerve, and — well, look out! But when greeting friends his face wears a natural pleas ant look that is very gratifying to his admirers,' none of whom have yet been able to turn his head with their flattery, a very strong point. Admiration for bravery is instinctive in the human breast. While no one doubted Sheridan's courage, he very seldora, while colonel of the Second, had opportunity for showing disregard of personal safety.. We must ' therefore look to other qualities for his popularity among his officers and men. He was above any vain desire of exhibiting his courage to win esteem, but if he could win a battle by dividing his men and using strategy he looked upon it as saving his men and gaining time, and to think was to act — no "all summer" business about him. We see this strategy first developing itself at Booneville, Mississippi, where he defeated Chalmers, having 5,000 men, with less than 1,000, by sending a part to attack suddenly in the rear. And again, on a larger scale, when he made a feint in front of Early, at Fisher's Hill, firing away with rausketry at "nothing" for half a day in front, while a strong force by a circuitous route struck him in 282 GENERAL SHERIDAN.' the rear and "sent him whirling up the valley." And yet at each of those engagements we find him very careful of his' men, his losses being comparatively trifling. He looked upon every officer, soldier and horse as holding certain important positions in the great problem of war, and his flrst duty to his country deraanded the greatest possible return for the men and material intrusted to hira; and first the officers and raen were treated as human beings, possessed of like feelings and instincts as himself, and were never called upon to expose themselves needlessly, but avail themselves of every protection which nature threw in their way — a tree, fence, log, or, if neither presented itself,. then load and fire from the ground. He could see nothing cowardly in that, nor anything especially deserving of com mendation if a command stood up and fired in the open field where their comrades were falling all around them; better lie down, advance or retreat. And, so, men have learned to look upon him, not as a butcher, but as a man, a, comrade, a soldier* To a staff officer who had been riding hard all day: "Mr. , you're pretty tired, I expect, but I should like to know how Captain is getting on in his scouting over on the right. Take a fresh horse if you go again," And aga,in, as an aid camo into his tent late at night, to report, he finds the Gen eral rqlled in his blankets, but wide aWake, a light burning- and ready for business. He hears the report, and remarks simply: "That's good. Reach that bottle and a couple of glasses over there," his usual toast, "How;" the glasses clink, and the Gen eral joins the least of his staff in a social "night-cap." His care for the faithful animals that bore him and bis fol- GENERAL SHBRIDANi 283 lowers over many a hard trip and through many a victoiy was proverbial. If on the midnight march the horses needed easing up a bit, the men were dismounted and led their horses until ordered to mount; and if any crept into their saddles before the General did, they were sure to receive a shot from the General's vigorous English that brought thera to their feet, at their horses'' heads, traraping along in cowed silence.. Yet, next day, if the humblest private sought tbe General's tent for some favor, his request was listened to with gravest consideration. And ever, when greeted by any raember of his old regiment, after he had won a star, his hat was lifted with as much courtesy as if addressing an equal in rank. And always when cheered by thq command he received their adulation with as much modesty as a woraan. In personal appearance he was not unlike President Lin coln's descriptiou of him. "A little brown fellow, with a large body, short legs, not enough neck to hang hira, and arms long enough to scratch his ankles without stooping," yet no one who has seen him casually would remark anything unusual in his form. That he has an iron frame and a strong constitution that ought to prolong his days to a good old age is very plain to be seen; and in the minds of those who have studied his military genius most there rests a satisfied conviction that this nation has nothing to fear in having General Philip Henry Sheridan at the head of the United States array. "Long raay- he live to remain there," is the fervent wish of all his old- comrades, and may he escape the hands of politicians that would make him- President. We would sooner see him where he is. 284 GENERAL SHERIDAN. Military History. Cadet at the United States Military Academy, from July 1, 1848, to July 1,1853, when he was graduated and promoted in the Army to Brevet Second Lieu tenant of Infantry, July 1, 1853. Served: In garrison at Newport Barracks, Kentucky, from September 1853, to March, 1854; on frontier duty at Fort Duncan, La Pena and Turkey -Creek, Texas, March, 1854, to March, 1855; in garrison at Fort Columbus, N. Y., June and July, 1855; Second Lieutenant, fourth infantry, November 22, 1854; on frontier duty duty es corting topographical party from. Sacramento Valley, Cali fornia, to Columbia River, Oregon, in August and September, 1855. Commanding detachment of dragoons in the Yakima expedition, October to December, 1855,— stationed at Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, December, 1855, to March, 1856, — scouting against Indians in March, 1856, — engagement with Indians while defending the Cascades of the Columbia River, Washington Territory, April 28, 1856, (complimented for gallantry in this engagement by Lieutenant-General Scott, in Army Orders No. 14, of 1857,) — stationed at Grande Ronde Indian Reservation, Oregon, from April to July, 1856, — at Fort Hoskins, Oregon, August, 1856, to May, 1857, and at Fort Yamhill, Oregon, June, 1857, to September, 1861. First lieu tenant, fourth infantry, March 1, 1861. Served during the rebellion of the seceding states, as captain thirteenth infantry. May 14, 1861. President of board for auditing claims at St. Louis, Missouri, in November and December, 1861. Served as chief quarterraaster and chief coramissary of the army of the southwest in the Pea Ridge campaign, from December 26, 1861, to March 12, 1862, — served in the Mississippi campaign from' GENERAL SHERIDAN. 285 April to September, 1862, as follows: Quartermaster of Major- General Halleck's headquarters on the advance to Corinth, Mississippi, in April and May, 1 862. Colonel second Michigan cavalry volunteers, May 25, 1 862. Commanding second Michigan cavalry in the following opera tions: Expedition to and capture of Booneville, Mississippi, May 28th and 29th, 1862, — pursuit of rebels from Corinth to Baldwin, Mississippi, May 30th to June Sth, 1862; commanding regiment in engagements with the enemy at Booneville, Black- land, Donaldson's Cross-Roads and Baldwin. Commanding second brigade, cavalry division, army of the Mississippi, from June Ilth, in the following operations: Battle of Booneville, Mississippi, July 1, 1862; expedition to Guntown, with flag of truce, July 10, 1862; expedition to and capture of Ripley, Mississippi, July 28, 1862; forced reconnaissance on enemy's lines, with engagement near Guntown, Mississippi, capturing prisoners and 300 animals, August 15, 1862, and engagement near Rienzi, Mississippi, August 26, 1862. Brigadier-General United States Volunteers, July 1, 1862, for battle of Booneville. Commanding third division, army of Kentucky, on the advance into Kentucky, in September 1862 ; commanding eleventh division third corps, army of the Ohio, in the battle of Chaplin Hills or Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862, and on the march to the relief of Nashville, in October and Noveraber, 1862. Commanding the eleventh division, fourteenth army corps, the third division, right wing, four teenth army corps, and the third division, twentieth army corps, army of the Cumberland, successively, in the Tennessee cam paign from November, 1862, to September, 1863. Commanding: 286 GENERAL. SHERIDAN. the third division, twentieth array corps, .in the battle of Stone River, or Murfreesboro, Tennessee, December 31, 1802, to January 3, 1863, (Major-General United States Volunteers, December 1862, to Noveraber 8, 1864, for battle of Murfreesboro) and in the following oiDcrations: Engagement at Eagleville, Tennessee, oapturing train and prisoners, March, 1863, — in pursuit of rebels under General Van Dorn, from Franklin to Columbia, March, 1863; in the advance on Tullahoma, Tennessee, June 24th to July 4th, 1863, crossing the Curaberland raountains and Tenn essee river, -with engageraents at Fairfield, Tennessee, June 27, 1863; capture of Winchester, Tennessee, July 3, 1863; engage ment at Cowan station, July 3, 1863, and engagement at Uni versity (on the mountain top), July 4, 1863. In comraand of the third division, twentieth army corps, in the battle of Chic amauga, Tennessee, September 19 and 20, 1863; . commanding the second division, fourth army carps, in the battle of Missiciiv .ary Ridge, Tennessee, November 23d to 25th, 1'863; in the operations around Chattanooga, Tennessee, September to De cember, 1863; and in the operations in east Tennessee, from December 1863, to March, 1864, and the action at Dandridge, Tennessee, January 17, 1864. In general coraraand of the cavalry corps, of the army of the Potomac, from April, 1864, to April, 1865. In immediate comraand of the cavalry corps, array of the Potomac, in the following battles and operations in the Richmond campaign, from April to August, 1864: The battles of the Wilderness, May, 5th to Sth, 1864; the battle of Todd's Tavern, May 5, 1864; battle of the Furnaces, May 6, 1864; battle of Todd's Tavern, No. 2, May 7, 1864; capture of Spottsylvania court house GENERAL SHERIDAN. 287 ^(Spottsylvania court house was captured on May 8, 1864, by General Wilson's division of cavalry, and held for two hours). May 8, 1864; expedition in rear of the rebel army, cutting the Virginia Central and Richmond & Fredericksburg railroads; •action atBeaver Dam, May 10, 1864;battle of Yellow Tavern, -May 11, 1864; battle -of Meadow Bridges and Richraond, May '12, 1864; actions of Hanovertown and Tolopotomy creek. May 27, 1864; battle of Hawe's Shop, May 28, 1864; battle of Metadequin Creek, May 30, 1864; battle of Cold Harbor, May 31, and June 1, 1864; raid to Charlottesville and return to Jordan's point on the James river, June 7th to 28tli, 1864, cutting the Virginia Central and Richmond & Fredericksburg railroads; battle of Trevillian Station, June 11, 1864; action of Mallory's ford cross-roads, .lune 12, 1864; action of Tunstall station, June ,21, 1864; skirmish at St. Mary's church, June 24, 1864; action .of Darbytown, July 28, 1864; and action of Lse's Mills, -July 30, 1864. In coramand of the middle military division from August 7, 1864, to May 22, 1865, and in immediate command of the ariny of the Shenandoah, frora August 4, 1864, to February -27, 1865, in the following battles and operations: Actions of Kernstown and Toll Gate, August 11,1864; action of Kable- to'wn, August 26, 1864; Smithfield crossing of the Opequan, 'August 29, 1864; action of Berryville, September 3, 1864; action of Opequan Creek, September 15, 1864; battle of the Opequan September 19, 1864; Brigadier-General U. S. Army, September 20, 1864, for battle of the Opequan; battle of Fisher's Hill, September 22, 1864; battle of Tom's Brook, October 9,1864; 288 GENERAL SHERIDAN. battle of Cedar Creek"^ (called Winchester), October 19, 1864, and engagement at Middletown, November 12, 1864; Major-Gen eral U. S. Army, November 8, 1864, for Shenandoah campaign. In command of the cavalry expedition from Winchester to Petersburg, February 27 to March 24, 1865, (known as "The Winchester Raid.") Destroying the James river and Kanawha canal, and cutting the Gordonsville & Lynchburg, Virginia Central and Richmond & Fredericksburg railroads and destroying many railroads, canal and river bridges and trestle- work, and capturing and destroying sixty canal boats, contain ing large quantities of rebel government property, consisting of ordnance and ordnance stores, clothing, camp and garrison equipage, comraissary stores and medical supplies, and destroy ing hundreds of army wagons and ambulances and several factories, warehouses, tanneries, forges and workshops, used for the raanufacture of and filled with military supplies of the description above enumerated, and capturing eighteen battle flags, sixteen hundred prisoners, and two thousand one hundred and forty-three horses and mules, and engaged with the enemy as follows: Action at Mount Crawford, March 1, 1865; battle of Waynesborough, March 2, 1865; engagements at North Anna Bridges and Ashland, March 14th and 15th, 1865. In general comraand of the cavalry, in the Richmond carapaign of 1865, , called also the Appomattox campaign, from March 25th to April 9th, 1865, with the following battles and operations: Commanding the cavalry corps, and in com- ?The thanks of Congress were tendered, February 9, 1865, to General Sheridan for the gallantry, military skill and courage, displayed in the brilliant series of vic tories achieved by his army in the valley of tbe Shenandoah, especiaUy at Cedar Creek. Resolutions of thanks similar to that of Congress were also tendered to General Sheridan by the legislatures of New York, Rhode Island and other states. GENERAL SHERIDAN. 289 mafld in the battle of Dinwiddle court house, Virginia, March 31, 1865; commanding the forces (cavalry and infantry) in the battle of Five Forks, Virginia, April 1, 1865; and coraraanding the cavalry in the following engagements: Action at Scott's Corners, April 2,1865; action at Amelia court house, April 4, 1864, and Jettersville, April 5, 1865, and commanding the forces (cavalry and infantry) in the battle of Sailor's Creek, April 6, 1865, and the cavalry in the combat of Farmville, April 7, 1865; battle of Appomattox depot, April Sth, and engageraent in front of Appomattox court house, April 9, 1865,f and in nuraerous minor actions between February 27th and April 9th, 1865, and present in command of all the cavalry at the capitulation of the insurgent army (known as the army of Northern Virginia) under General Robert E. Lee, at'Appomattox court house, Vir ginia, April 6, 1865. Marched in command of forces (cavalry and infantry) against the army of General Joseph E. Johnston, as far as South Boston, North Carolina, on the Dan river, April 24th to May 3d, 1865. In general comraand of the forces west of the Mississippi, May 17th to June 3d, 1865, and of the array organized for contemplated operations against the army of General E. Kirby Smith, who surrendered on the 28th of May, 1865. In command of the military division of the southwest, June 3d to July 1 7th, 1865, and of the array in Louisiana, Texas, tDuring this engagement a white flag from the rebel lines arrived in front of the cavalry, the bearer requesting a suspension of hostilities pending negotiations: with General Grant for the surrender of General Lee's forces. General Sheridan immediately rode to Appomattox court house, and there met General Gordon, who repeated the same request. General Sheridan replied that he thought it very strange that while General Lee was negotiating with General Grant for the surrender of his army, it should have made, that very morning, an attempt to break through his lines and make its escape, and therefore demanded some authorized assurance before he would suspend hostilities. This assurance was given by General Gordon, who said "there was no doubt of the surrender of General Lee's army." .Hostilities were soon afterward suspended, and the surrender took place on the arrival of General Grant. 290 Sheridan's horse. Florida, and Mississippi, and the army of observation on the Rio Grande until tl^e troops composing these armies were mus tered out of service; In comraand of the railitary division. of the Gulf, July 17,. 1865, to August 15, 1866; in command of the department of the Gulf, August 15, 1866, to March 11, 1867; in comraand of the flfth military district (Louisiana and Texas), March Ilth to Sep tember 5th, 1867; in command of the department, of the Mis souri, September 12, 1867, to March 16, 1869; conducting the winter campaign of 1868 and 1869, against hostile Indians, result ing in their defeat and surrender. Lieutenant-General U. S. Army March 4, 1869. Coraraanding military division of the Missouri (headquarters in Chicago), since March 16, 1869, Lieutenant-General of the Array, headquarters at Washington, D. C, since Decembei" 1, 1883. During the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, General Sheridan was in Europe, at the headquarters of the King of Prussia, and present at the battles of Gravelotte, Beaumont and Sedan, and afterwards at the headquarters of the German armies at Versailles, witnessing many engagements around Paris, during the siege. Sheridan's horse. There have been so many statements made respecting ^•Sheridan's horse" that considerable time, and no little trouble and expense have been given to looking up the history of that remarkable animal. Itis a matter of history thatof all the. SHERIDAN S HORSE. 291 Staff and orderlies that set out with General Sheridan on his celebrated ride "frora Winchester down" not one was able to keep up with him, and perhaps there may have entered, already, into the minds of some a wonder that the General should have been so favored in high bred horse-flesh. ¦ 'Here is tne steed that saved the day By carrying Sheridan into the fight From Winchester -twenty miles away!' The history of the horse as given by neighbors of the owner, is that a Canadian mare was brought into St Clair county, Michigan, with foal, and when foaled proved to be a thin, rangy black stud colt. The sire was known to be a full blooded fox- 292 GENERAL STANLEY, hunter and the dam was three-quarters fox-hunter, therefore the colt was near enough for all practical purposes a thorough bred. Captain Archibald P. Campbell raised a company of cavalry (K) for the Second, and the citizens of Port Huron presented him with a horse — the black colt, then three years past (1861). Captain Campbell was not accustomed to horseback riding, and the colt was too fiery for him. In fact, Carapbell was afraid of hira, and very seldora rode him, but turned him over to the company farrier, who, on Colonel Sheridan's taking com mand of the regiment, had the old farrier — John Ashley — de tailed as his headquarters farrier. Ashley took the black colt with him, and about the time of Colonel Sheridan's winning his first star, the horse began to develop into a well rounded out, magnificent aniraal. Sheridan liked the horse, and Campbell, then a Colonel, liked Sheridan, and so the horse was given to the General, and was the pride of the division, corps or army over whose destinies the master so fearlessly wielded rein, spurs and saber. If we stop to reflect upon "what might have been," had the horse lagged or fallen by the wayside, who shall say that this country does not owe that animal a big debt of gratitude? GENERAL STANLEY. "Gay old Stanley," as his associates loved to call him, was a young man. His record began at Corinth, under Grant, where GENERAL STANLEY. 293 he commanded a division in that severe engageraent, the Second Corinth, and won distinction by the brilliancy of his move ments. He was considered by many as the best cavalry officer of his day. He graduated from West Point in 1852, and served -with the second United States dragoons. General David S. Stanley was iraraensely popular with all who were intimately acquainted with him, but his nature was retired, and he was not given to crowding himself forward nor mingling with his troops in that familiar way, sometimes com mon with officers who courted popularity; consequently he was not well known, and his continued ill health during the last year of the war was a great disappointment to him. When he took comraand of Rosecrans's cavalry, in October, 1862, there were but about 3,000 raounted raen in that array and of these there were not to exceed 1,500 well disciplined cavalrymen. But, under his raanageraent he had the satisfaction of coraraand ing 16,000 as good cavalry as the array could boast when the forward movement from Murfreesboro began in June, 1863. It was often remarked at the time, that, had Stanley been at the head of his coramand at Chicaraauga, the cavalry would have had other, duty than guarding flanks — a very important and hazardous duty, but they were not all needed for that ser vice. Had Stanley been there to have sent half of thera to the enemy's rear, as he undoubtedly would have done, when Thoraas was in such sore straits, or to have attacked the eneray in front of Thoraas, in the flanks, that General would not have lost so heavily, nor have been so terribly pressed on all sides. But, un fortunately for Stanley and the country, each brigade of cavalry 294 GENERAL WILSON. was thrown on its own resources, and was not kept informed of the movements of the infantry, and poor Stanley, flat upon his back at Stevenson, Alabama, lost the grandest opportunity of his life. And, so, discouraged from undertaking further the arduous duties of a chief of cavalry, he accepted an infantry corps, and passed the remaining days of his active service as best he could with the fourth corps, and at the end of the war dropped back to his colonelcy in the regular army. But he has the best wishes of every officer and private who ever knew him. He earned his star in the regular army long ago. GENERAL WILSON. Major-General Jaraes H. Wilson, of cavalry fame, came upon the military horizon of the Western army at a time when (no matter how brilliantly flashed the career before the eyes of a grateful, yet exacting nation), he was constantly hampered by a lack of appreciation of that branch of service, even among military raen. If a commander of infantry suddenly found hiraself surrounded with raore raen than he knew what to do with, and a few supporting regiments of cavalry chanced to be hanging on his rear or brushing away the obstructions from his front, he treated them about as the railroad contractor treats his pioneer corps — gives them an ax and a bundle of hay and sends them on. GENERAL WILSON. 295 General Stanley had the real military genius for handling cavalry, but unfortunately for him and his country he was a sufferer from ill health and dropped back to the less arduous duties of an infantry corps commander. General Wilson had fllled every position assigned to him with credit, and his abilities had attracted the attention of Gen eral Geo. H. Thoraas, during the Tennessee carapaign, and he enjoyed the confidence of that distinguished general to a degree that was alone sufficient guarantee of General Wilson's ability. Yet General Wilson was never left free to act as he thought proper when with infantr-y- comraanders, whose commission happened to bear an older date, but was ordered to send a bri gade here and there — in fact, was expected to be omnipresent, yet nevel- allowed to sti ike in full force where the nature of the country perraitted such action, and if mistakes occurred Wilson and his cavalry were made the scapegoats, not by General Thomas, but by generals who had no confidence in cavalry. This is not written as an apology for General Wilson, He needs none. But as an urgent reminder that General Wilson and his cavalry should long ago have received at the hands of the truthful historian a more careful hearing and a more gener ous appreciation. While it is true the cavalry force of the army of the Cum berland was small in numbers, and mostly thrown together in brigades not always well balanced in point of discipline and thorough organization, yet the hard duties and heroic struggles at different periods of that carapaign, corapel the acknowledg ment that Wilson's management of the cavalry corps was masterly, and that the results obtained were all that could have 296 GENERAL WILSON.' been expected. His placing of Croxton's brigade at a point where the enemy had the greatest hope of forcing a breach, at Franklin, and doubling back upon the center, Schofield's left wing, was a wise move, and his disposition of the other brigades upon the extrerae flanks, fully justified General Thomas's reliance in the ability of his chief of cavalry. General Wilson has been censured by General Schofield for crossing his entire force to the north bank of the Harpeth. But without orders frora Schofield it is difficult to see what other course he should have pursued just at that moment when the infantry were behind earthworks and the rear was — who could say whether or not ? — open to the enemy, whose cavalry at that moment had been retired from the front and might naturally be expected in our rear, as at Columbia and Florence. The rear was picketed and scouted, and reporting for orders Wilson was sent back across the Harpeth; but Wilson knew his duties quite as well as his superior, and sending his best known brigade to hold the approaches to the left flank on the Harpeth, the rest of the corps was placed at the weakest points up and down the river, and their positions proved not merely points of observation but battle grounds over which some of the fiercest struggles pf the day were witnessed. And again at Nashville, what more could have been expected ? The left flank of Hood's army was turned by Wilson's cavalry, and when the flnal blow came, half of Wilson's cavalry, under dashing Edward Hatch, were among the first to clear the earthworks, and, joined by the other half from the extreme right, were by General Hatch hurled upon the broken ranks of the enemy and captured more prisoners than Hatch's own numbers. GENERAL WILSON. 297 Frora that time on, whatever was done, was for the most jart the work of the cavalry, and Wilson was the head. The laid through Alabaraa was a death blow to the Confederate hopes in that quarter, and the last battles of the war were fought by Wilson's troops. Forrest, Wirt Adams, Hill and Jeff Davis himself received their quietus from "Wilson's raiders," and Hatch, Long, Lagrange and Croxton were his able lieutenants. The following is the military record of James H. Wilson, and it will be seen that he was among the youngest of our officers. In fact, he was so young that his age was looked upon by some of the older heads as an objection to his being appointed to so iraportant a coramand as the cavalry corps, array of the ¦Curaberland. But General George H. Thoraas was not giveri to making mistakes: James H. Wilson, born September 2, 1S37, in Gallatin ¦county, Illinois. Military History. Cadet at the United States Military Academy from July 1, 1855, to July 1, 1860, when he was grad uated and proraoted in the array to brevet second lieutenant topographical engineers, July 1, 1860, served as assistant topo graphical engineer at the headquarters of the departraent of Oregon, October 3d, 1860, to July 14, 1861. Served during the rebellion of the seceding states, 1861-66: ¦On recruiting second lieutenant topographical engineers, June 10, 1861, service for topographical engineer corapany, Septeraber 3, to October 14, 1861; as chief topographical (flrst lieutenant, topographical engineers, September 9, 1861,) engineer of the Port Royal expeditionary corps, October 14, 1861, to March 15, 1862, and of the department of the south, March 15 to 298 GENERAL WILSON. August 19, 1862, being engaged in various reconnaissances and! explorations, and siege of Fort Pulaski, Georgia, February- April, 1862, including its bombardment and surrender, April 10-11, 1862; in the Maryland campaign as acting aid-de camp to (brevet major, April 11, 1862, for gallant and meritori ous services at the capture of Fort Pulaski, Georgia,) Major- General McClellan, commanding the anny of the Potomac,, September-October, 1862, being engaged in the battle of South Mountain, September 14, 1862; and battle of Antietam, Septem ber 16, 1862; as chief topographical engineer, of the army of the Tennessee, October 17, 1862, to March 3, 1863, being engaged' . in Major-General Grant's flank movement to Oxford, Mississippi, November-December, 1862; as assistant engineer (lieutenant colonel staff. United States volunteers, November 8, 1S62, to- October 31, 1863,) and inspector-general of the army of.' the Tennessee- in the Vicksburg carapaign, March 3 tb' October 31, 1863, being engaged in the attempt to turn Vicks burg by Moon Lake and the Yazoo Pass, March 25-April 20,. 1863; advance to Bruinsburg, April, 1863; battle of Port Gibson,. May 1, 1863; in bridging the Bayou Pierre, May 3, 1863; action of Jackson, May 14, 1863; battle of Champion Hill (captain- corps of engineers. May 7, 1863), May 16, 1863; combat of the- Big Black, May 17, 1863, and siege of Vicksburg, May 22-July 4,. 1863; in engineer operations about Chattanooga and on expeditioni to East Tennessee, October 31, 1863, to February 1, 1864, (brig adier-general United States volunteers, October 31, 1863,) being- engaged in the battle of Missionary Ridge, November 23-25,. 1863, (brevet lieutenant-colonel, November 24, 1P63, for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Chattanooga, Tenn- GENERAL WILSON. 299- essee); pursuit of the enemy Noveraber 26-27, 1863, and raarch to tbe relief of Knoxville, November 28 to December 4th, 1863; constructing several bridges, particularly a trestle over the Little Tennessee, made in thirty -two hours frora dismantled houses; in charge of the cavalry bureau at Washington, D. C, February 17, to April 7, 1864; in the Richraond campaign, in coramand of third cavalry division, army of the Potomac, May 4 to August 1, 1864, being engaged in the action of Craig's meet ing house. May 5, 1864; capture of Spottsylvania C. H., May S, 1864; (brevet colonel May 5, 1864, for gallant and raeritorious services at the battle of the Wilderness), "Sheridan's raid" to Hax- all's Landing and returning to New Castle, May 9-29, 1864, cut ting the Virginia Central railroad; action of Beaver Dara, May 9- 10, 1864; battle of Yellow Tavern, May 11, 1864; combat of Meadow Bridge, May 12, 1864; action of Mechump's Creek, May 31, 1864; action of Hawe's Shop, June 2, 1864; action of Tolopotoray, June 2, 1864; skirmish of Long Bridge, June 12, 1864, and of White Oak Swarap Jurie 13, 1864; raid to destroy the Danville & South Side railroad, June 20-30, 1864; partici pating in the action of Nottoway court house, June 23, and Roanoke Station, June 25, and corabat of Stony Creek, June 29, 1864; and cavalry operations about Petersburg, July, 1864; in command of third cavalry division in the Shenandoah campaign, August 4 to Septeraber 30, 1864; engaged in the action of Sum mit Point August 21, 1864; battle of Opequan, Septeraber 19, 1864; and pursuit of the eneray, Septeraber 20-27, 1864; iri command of cavalry corps of the military division of the Mississippi, October 24, 1864, to (brevet major-general. United States volunteers, October 5, 1864, for gallant and meritorious- 300 GENERAL WILSON, -fiervices during the rebellion) July 28, 1865; in Major-General Thomas's Tennessee campaign, November-December, 1864, being engaged in driving the rebel cavalry across the Harpeth river during the battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864; battle of Nashville, December 15-16, 1864, and pursuit of General Hood to the Tennessee river, December, 1864; (brevet brigadier-gen eral United States army, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meri torious services atthe battle of Nashville, Tennessee,) in command of cavalry expedition into Alabama and Georgia, March 2-22 to April 20, 1865, being engaged in the action of Ebenezer Church, April 1, 1865; assault and capture of Selma, with large numbers of prisoners and stores (brevet major-general, Uriited -Stales array, March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the capture of Selma, Alabama), April 2, 1865; surrender of Montgomery, April 12, 1865; capture of Columbus, with great supplies and military establishments, April 16, 1865; capitula tion of Macon, April 20, 1865, having in this brief campaign of twenty-eight days (major-general United States volunteers, April 20, 1865,) captured five fortified cities,, twenty-three stand of colors, 288 guns, and 6,820 prisoners, and finally on May 10, 1865, adding Jefferson Davis, the rebel president, to the cap tures made by a detachraent of his forces; in command of the department of Georgia, July 28 to October 7, 1865; and of district of Columbus, October 7, 1865, to January 8, 1866; on leave of absence, December 19, 1865, to (mustered out of vol unteer service, January 8, 1866,) April 26, 1866; as assistant engineer on the defenses of the Delaware river and bay, April 26 to July 31, 1866; as superintending engineer of the survey of ^(lieutenant-colonel, thirty-fifth infantry, July 28, 1866,) Rook and GENERAL MINTY. 301 Illinois rivers, July 31, 1866, to December 31, 1870, and of improvement of Des Moines and Illinois rapids of the Mississ ippi, August 3. 1866, to December 31, 1870. GENERAL ROBERT H. G. MINTY. Although General Minty was better known as colonel of the fourth Michigan cavalry, the fact that he was, during the period of our organization, senior major of the second Michigan cavalry, and still refers with pride to his connection with the- Second, warrants us in clairaing him as a member of the Second. He was a popular officer, wherever he served, and though his stars were won long before he was breveted major-general. of volunteers, recognition* of his valuable services carae very tardily. Had it not been so, the moveraents of the cavalry be longing to the army of the Curaberland would undoubtedly have attracted raore attention, and the blows struck by that arm of the service would have been more decided in their effect. Until the last six months of the war, the raoment an officer de veloped any special fitness as a cavalry commander he was- wanted elsewhere. Had Colonel Minty been made a brigadier from the moraent of his first success as a brigade commander in the Tennessee campaign, he would have been in a position at Chicaraauga, by his rank, to have struck a blow with the cavalry that would have- changed the map of that fierce struggle, from a position of de fense and dread uncertainty to one of bold offensiveness, unless- -302 GENERAL MINTY. deprived of power by too much interference from his superiors. Whatever raay have been the abilities of the corps and di vision commanders of cavalry, it was evident that Rosecrans lacked confidence in his acting chief of cavalry, and he was p)ractically ignored. Without following Colonel Minty in his career as senior raajor of the Second, lieutenant-colonel of the Third, and col onel of the Fourth, it is not saying too rauch to assert that in whatever position he was placed, every duty was discharged with ability, courage and fidelity. At Stone River, Shelbyville, and, the moveraents in Tennes see, he was everywhere the active leader, prompt in carrying out the orders of his superiors, and always struck the enemy in their weakest points. At Chicaraauga his services on our left gave timely warn ing of Bragg's plans against Chattanooga, and withont his ser vices in the vicinity of Reed's Bridge and towards Ringgold, Rosecrans's array would never have had the road to Chattanooga open to him after the raorning of the 19th of September. And more than that ; officers of Minty's brigade have as serted, that, had Rosecrans listened to Minty when first the news of large bodies of troops concentrating on the left was brought to his notice, Rosecrans's army would have had plenty of time to concentrate nearer Chattanooga, and fought at a greater advan tage, with less loss to our army. And that statement was undoubtedly true. For two days previous to the battle of the 19th and 20th, Minty and Wilder, each with a brigade of as good men as were ever seen in any . army, had had frequent severe skirmishes with the enemy, thirty GENERAL MINTY. .303 to forty miles from Rosecrans's right, and the opportunities for observation were certainly better than any other which Rose- ¦crans had at his comraand, and yet the reports that were frequent ly sent in to headquarters of large nurabers of the enemy -^'moving from the northeast, east and southeast towards Chat tanooga " were apparently ignored. Though Minty lived to see his statements borne out by later developments, it was poor satisfaction for him, and did not :atone for the blunders of that carapaign, or the lives that raight. have been saved. In the raovements which followed to the close of the war Minty figured actively, and at last was breveted brigadier-gen eral, and at the taking of Selma was among the first to scale the works, and was then breveted raajor-general. He figured con- ¦spicuously in the grand closing up scenes of the rebellion with Wilson, Hatch, Croxton and Long. Since the war General Minty has been prominently con nected with railroad affairs, and is at this writing with the Union Pacific. INCIDENTS CONNECTED WITH OUR IMMEDIATE'. SERVICE. croxton's brigade. \_Correspondence Chicago I'aper, November, 1864.] I have witnessed many fields of desperate strife during- the rebellion, but among these sanguinary contests, I have never seen anything that would compare with the cool, stub born and unflinching stand made by the second Michigani cavalry, on the 30th of Noveraber, in the beechwood forest,,, about four, miles from the town of Franklin. This regiment is armed with the Spencer carbine, a seven-shooter, regarded as being the raost effective cavalry arm in the service, and the regiment is known as a part of the dashing brigade of General Croxton, of" Kentucky. Along the Lewisburg pike- road, leading to Franklin, it was learned that three brigades- of the enemy's cavalry were moving with the view of striking the town of Franklin upon the left, at the moment that Hood, with his entire army, should be engaged in an attack on oui- front and right, and it was across this road that the second. Michigan, with instructions to hold the enemy in check, formed! CROXTON'S BRIGADE. 305 its line of battle. The 'regiraent numbered about 450 men. The Confederate cavalry was composed of Texas, Georgia and Louisiana cavalry, under the comraand of General Forrest, who was recognized as the ablest Confederate cavalry officer in the service. We were standing on an elevation, a little to the rear and left of this Michigan regiraent, which gave us a full and complete view of the battle. We saw thera slide from their saddles and rush forward a few rods to the acclivity of a gentle slope that shielded their horses from the fire of the enemy, and here they fell upon their faces, hugging the ground so closely that it was almost impossible for the enemy to see them, while their commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Sraith, seated LIBUTENANT-COLONEL BENJAMIN SMITH. upon a log in close proximity to his crouching line, with hi& bridle rein strung upon his arra, seeraed to be engaged irt trying to light his pipe. Through the woods, along their front, ^s far as the eye could reach, nothing was to be seen but the heavy gray columns of the enemy moving slowly but confi dently forward. Presently they halted, when a column of Louisiana cavalry, apparently about 2,000 strong, swung round 306 croxton's brigade. by the left, dismounted, and forming in line of battle, came rushing forward, pouring from their Enfield rifles volley after^ volley, while the woods resounded with the wild scream of the Texas ranger. Turning our face for a moihent to the right we discovered General Croxton sitting upon his horse a few feet' from us, with one leg thrown over the pommel of his saddle, looking at the scene. Thinking that he had not seen the heavy line of the enemy that was now moving up, and partially hid from view by an undulating swell of the ground, we exclaimed, "General, those men will be annihilated." Turn ing his head slowly toward us and taking us to be a resident of the country, he observed, "Don't be alarmed, my Tennessee friend, those are my whiteflsh boys; you'll hear them speak in a minute or two." He had scarcely finished speaking when Michigan arose to her knees, and, in that praying position poured into the enemy a sheet of fire which could be hurled from no other arm than the Spencer carbine. For a full min ute an incessant stream of fire poured from the muzzles of those carbines, drifting upon the heavy columns of the enemy a sheety spray of lead, such as no human power could resist, halting, then staggering the advance. The line wavered for a raoraent, and then, under a rallying shout, it bounded forward a few feet against the storm of leaden hail. Again it halted, broke and fled. For nearly two hours column after column was hurled upon that Michigan regiment, and each in its turn was driven back with terrible slaughter. At length there was a pause; silence broken only by the fitful rustling of the forest leaf. In the distance the enemy could be seen dismounting and massing columns for another charge — one BATTLE OP FRANKLIN. 307 that would trample beneath its feet the power that had so stubbornly resisted their advance. We turned to point them out to General Croxton, but he was gone. Onward came that black mass of the enemy, flaunting their banners with mad dened desperation, and again did Michigan empty her carbines. Then came the ringing shout of their comraander: "Up, Michigan, right about, double quick, mount." Now was the moment of peril — the raoraent of danger. Not less than four thousand rifles were ready to sweep away the line when it rose from its leafy couch, but at the very instant that the command was given to fall back, the eighth Iowa cavalry, under the command of Colonel Dorr, dashed through a thicket and struck the enemy upon the right flank with an enfilading fire that rolled it up into a raass of confusion. Araazed and bewildered, the rebels directed their glance for a raoment in the direction of this unexpected attack, and in that raoment Michigan was in the saddle and all was safe. AT FRANKLIN MRS. SNYDER S ACCOtTNT. One of the most interesting accounts of the desperate battle of Franklin that has been given the writer was related after eighteen years by a lady who was present — the young wife of a railroad engineer — a Mrs. Carrie Snyder, at this writing a resi dent of Indianapolis. When it is remembered that the battle did not begin until after three o'clock of the afternoon of November 30, and there- 308 BATTLE OP FRANKLIN. fore could not have lasted more than three or four hours, and in that time nearly 8,000 men were placed hors de conibat, many of thera having fought their last battle, it will at once be seen that its desperateness was unexcelled by any other battle of the war.. General Hood, in his "Advance and Retreat," takes occa sion to anathematize General Sherman for flring upon Atlanta, ordering the people out of the city, etc., and says, in speaking of the battle of Franklin, in substance: "The enemy took refuge in the town where he knew we could not or would not use our artillery against him," intimating thereby that he (Hood) did not use any artillery in that engagement. Every Federal soldier knows this is absurd, and anyone visiting the town after the battle could plainly trace the course of solid shot and shell through dwellings, cutting wooden pillars, with the slivers plainly showing that the shots came from the south, and were fired at our army, at the town. And it is well known that Fort Granger was high enough above the town to enable our gunners to fire over, and that what little field of artillery the Federals used stood either on the bluff overlooking the city, or at the front, south of the city, and could not there fore have been toward the city. General Schofield would not have taken up his position at the south of Franklin had he not been compelled to or abandon all his trains, arabulances, sick, etc., together with all his artillery, and probably the greater part of his army would have been captured before they could have crossed the Harpeth if they had not turned at bay; therefore Schofield did the only thing he could have done, fight, without regard to the possible destruction of a little city of three or four thousand — mostly of very doubtful loyalty. BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 309 Mrs.' Snyder heard the first shot, and as it came crashing through the town near where she stood on the porch, and killed a Federal on the coramon near the house, she oould not be mis taken. "I had been sitting on the back porch playing at back- gararaon with Mrs. Rainney, as was our custora after dinner. A few shots from the infantry had been heard; then, as it becarae quiet, I began to think there would be no fight after all. Young and foolish thing that I was, I began to fear there would be no fight. I wanted to see a battle, or hear one; but I got enough of it, sooner than I expected. We kept on playing backgararaon until about three o'clock, then the firing began to get thicker and sounded more like a snapping roar than any thing I could otherwise describe. We got up and walked about the house and yard; bullets occasionally whistled over our heads. We did not fear them much if we had the brick house between us, but presently a cannon ball or shell came screeching over the house from the Confederate side. I think I grew short quicker than anything you ever saw. Oh — my! but I just thought I was hit sure. What did I do ? Well you'd better believe I got down low and wasn't long in following the old folks into the cellar. Then the noise began in dead earnest. I hadn't seen anything, but I had heard more than I wanted to. I wanted thera to quit right off, but they wouldn't; they just kept up a roar, and rurable, and screeching that fairly stopped ray heart from beating. We thought, down there in that cellar, that a shell would come througb those walls, explode inside of the house and blow us all into 'Kingdom come,' the next minute. Just think of us three women and one old raan curled up on that 310 BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. coal bin, in tbat dark cellar, from four o'clock in the afternoon until four o'clock in the morning — no light, no fire, no sleep, and the old lady bewailing the fact that we bad not caught up some bedding and brought down with us. She thought more of those old quilts than she appeared to think of our lives and want ed us to go up stairs and get them. Not much. There had been rumors among the special' friends of the Confederates that if the Federals fell back they had said tbeyw.ould burn Franklin. There was a young lady of our party whose friends were-ia the Southern army arid she had given this report circulation. Sud denly a bright light turned darkness into day and her fears were apparently about to be realized, *Fire!' she screamed. There, what did I tell you ? Now we've e^scAped the battle to be burned alive in this horrid old cellar. Oh, my God, what will become of us!' "It seems the Federal army had thought best to keep up the appearance of fright or great haste in their evacuation (for Schofield evidently intended f) draw Hood on to Nashville), and had set tire to the government stables, in which there was noth ing left but a few tons of hay and some worthless saddles, harness, etc. That was the only building destroyed, unless by accident, or if in the way. "Then the firing had entirely ceased and steps were heard over head, and Mr. R., lifting the trap door, calls out 'Who's there — ^friends ?' We went up out of our dismal prison, with limbs cramped, and fairly shaking, as in fact we had been all night, and Confederate soldiers told us they 'had the town, and the Yanks are gone.' So we began to move about more freely, but what do you suppose were my feelings as I thought I was BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 311 among the enemy, cut off; did not know where my husband was nor how long I must remain where I felt that I must keep my mouth shut and no sympathizing ear to pour my troubles into ? "Well, in the morning we went out upon the battle field, and 0, horror upon horrors! what a sight. God forgive me for ever wishing to see or hear a battle. They said that beside the wounded the Federals had carried away in their ambulances, there were over 6,000 dead and wounded soldiers — blue and gray — all mixed up together; you had to look twice as you picked your way among the bodies to see which were dead and which were alive and often a dead man would be lying partly on a live one, or the reverse — and the groans; the sickening smell of blood! That sight and the sounds I then heard were with me in my dreams for months. startling me with their horrid nightmare vision. I noticed while wandering along the earthworks that all or nearly all of the Union soldiers were shot in the foreheads, and I think any general that would order' men to march across such an open field to drive men, protected by such an earthwork as that, must have been a heartless wretch. They came up in the very worst place they could have come, for them (the Confederates), and ought to have known what the result would have been- There were twelve or thirteen of Hood's best generals dead on the Union breastworks, and in front the ground was covered with bodies, and pools of blood that it was no fiction to call 'fields of gofe.' The cotton in the old cotton gin was shot out all over the ground and looked as if it had been scattered there by some designing hand, and the small grove of locusts to the right of the Carter's creek pike was cut off by bullets as clean 312 BATTLE OP FRANKLIN. as if cut by a knife. Mr. Carter's son (a Confederate soldier) was found dead in his own father's yard next morning. The family had stayed in the cellar all through the fight, and all night. Our soldiers had all been stripped of everything but their shirts and drawers; but the Confederate soldiers could not be blamed much for that, for they were half clothed, half bare foot and many of them bareheaded ; but I saw one thing I thought contemptible. A fine looking Union soldier had been stripped of all but his shirt and drawers. He was lying off by hiraself at the roadside near the depot. He was apparently an officer. His shirt was fine flannel. 'H'yar,' says a big Confederate, calling to some of his raen — 'boys, h'yar's » raighty fine shut on this ere dead Yank' (giving hira a kick). I thought it was bad enough to strip hira of hat, coat, pants, boots and socks; they might at least give him a single garment to bury hira in. When I went past one of their hospitals there were several wagon loads of lirabs in a pile that had been amputated, "It was several days before they knew that I was a northern woman, but when they did tbey seemed to respect my helpless condition and treated me kindly. Andi shall never forget one of the men, a nurse and cook for the wounded — a Mr. Hicks, from Mississippi. He had no confidence .in Hood's forward movement, and tried to comfort me as we walked among the flowers, and talked in whispered words. 'Be comforted,' said he; 'it is only for a few days, and you will be among your friends again. This cannot last.' And sure enough^ sooner than I thought, the fierce cannonading eighteen . miles away, at Nashville, told me that something would happen soon. I over heard an officer say, 'We are going to cut the bridge.' Then I BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 313 •ine w that the Confederates were falling back. And there they -carae. Barefoot; bareheaded; half of thera without guns; run ning; and as the rear guard of the Confederates passed through -and scattering shots were heard, I juraped to my feet and went out. I could stand it no longer. Araong the first raen to enter town were somo railroad men that I knew, and I rushed out and ¦caught them in my arms. I was a prisoner no longer. I expect J acted like a crazy woraan. But do you wonder at it ?" WHAT SERGEANT MOODY SAYS. Sergeant W. D. Moody, of corapany E, reraeinbers vividly -the battle of Franklin and corrects a statement made elsewhere that our forces abandoned Franklin and its approaches by twelve or even three o'clock a. m. He says: "Our company, E, 'Second Michigan cavalry, was stationed along the bank of the -river frora Fort Granger, south to the stone abutraents of the old burnt bridge, east of the city. The banks along on the east ¦side, you remember, were high — perhaps thirty feet, and the opposite banks between the river and the railroad were low, rising gradually from the water's edge. As we stood there or marched quietly up and down along the bank, the Johnnies ¦^ame down on the other side, built fires, got water from the liver, gathered around the fires, cooked, chatted and talked -about the 'Yanks,' polishing thera off occasionally in good astyle, and the wags of the crowds making some good hits, and i«ome expressions that sounded -very ^ droll to us northerners. We could have pitched a biscuit among them or "raurdered" nurabers of them, for the stream was narrow just there, though ^eep, forming a barrier that no one cared to cross, But they 314 BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. were not apparently aware of our presence, though we made no- special effort to conceal the fact. During the night we heard a. noise at our left and a few of us went to reconnoiter. We came down to the ford where we had such a warm brush in the after noon, and stopping on low ground, we could count against the^ sky until fifty mounted men had passed down the bank and' over the ford to the Confederate side. What did this mean ? Surely there should be no Confederates on our side at that hour; and where were our pickets that should be further to the left ? We reported to General Croxton. Inquiry revealed the fact that a company of cavalry from a comparatively new regiment had been sent to our left; but where were they ? A search was- made and the bold soldiers were found at least a quarter of a mile- back of the f otd, in camp, asleep, and no pickets out. The cap tain was put under arrest (he might have been shot according, to strict military rules), and the company, after a sharp repri mand and fright, were sent to the ford, and a sergeant's squad of sorae older regiment sent to assist them. The company of Con federates were supposed to belong to a party that were drivem back and cut off by General Long, on the extreme lett, in the afternoon. At sunrise I was standing by the stone abutments when some Confederates again came down to the water to wash and raake coffee, when they discovered us for the first time. They were staggered a little at first, but as they saw we sat on the stones with our guns in our laps, not offering to shoot, thejr took in the situation, cooled down and said — 'Hello, boys!' "'Hello!'"'What you doing there? thought you had skedaddled.' " 'O no, we are guarding this ford and stream.' " 'Been there all night?' "''Yes; our command iS' close- by, justoverrthe hilL'" BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. ;^15. "But in less than five minutes we were ordered away and as we joined the rear guard, a quarter of a mile back, we saw the Confederate advance guard, mounted, come up where we had stood, and watch our movements, but not apparently caring to push us." A DYING confederate's STORY. A pitiful voice was heard outside the breastworks after dark at Franklin, calling: "For the love of God help me; roll this Jiorse off me." Our men had their hands full with calls upon their sympathy, "but at last one «aid, "I oan't stand that any longer, I am going out there and see if I can help that poor devil." He found him badly wounded, a Mkjdr Knox, of the eighth Tennessee (Confederate), and he was pinioned to the earth by his fallen horse. The horse was rolled off, regard less of the desultory firing all along the line, and the Major brought inside our line and made as comfortable as possible, with stray blankets, of which there were many. , A cup of water revived him and he became communicative. He said,. "I can't live till morning, and I don't mind saying to you that our boys have been greatly deceived as to the kind of forces here. There has been some kind of a quarrel or division among our officers. Last night General Hood called in all the regimental comraanders to headquarters. I was one of them,. and he said, 'There are eight or ten thousand Yankee conscripts down there by the river. Go, take them; they are yours, and. after that we have only to walk into Nashville and take pos session of all the vast stores that have been accumulating so- 316 BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. long.' * * * * "My God!" said the dying Major, -"if Yankee Conscripts fight like this, what may we expect from Thomas's veterans?" A HORRID SCENE. Under the above heading a southern paper, The Meridian Clarion, published an account of the night of horrors on the battle field of Franklin, written by a Confederate artilleryman. If true, it certainly does not speak well for Mr. Hood's human ity; for no good general would ever permit so grave an offense to escape his notice and immediate disapproval. There was plenty of tirae for the reraoval of all helpless heroes of both arraies that had offered _ up their lives for a principle. "That was a horrid scene, on the night of the battle of Franklin, at ten o'clock, when our battery carae upon the field and was ordered to a point near the eneray's (the Federal) works. With horses at full speed, the twelve pounder Napo leons, with their heavy carriages, were hurried over the bodies of the wounded and slain. Skulls and bones were crushed and horses' hoofs planted in faces and breasts of the helpless fallen and dead. Agonizing shrieks came up on every hand. The poor wretches shrieked in vain; and then, when the trenches were reached, what a scene! The dead and wounded filled the ditch and wounded soldiers were strangled and drowned in the blood of those who had fallen upon them." The fallen, in front of the earthworks, were nearly all Confederates. Those behind the earthworks, or "in the trenches" were Federals. OUR BATTERY AT SHILOH. 317 Although the second Michigan cavalry was at New Madrid when the battle of Pittsburgh Landing was fought, our battery,. the second battery, as it was first known, and later battery B, raised at the same time, and designed by the governor to accom pany us, had been dispatched to the Tennessee and arrived just in time to participate in the desperate fighting between Shiloh church and Pittsburgh Landing. For sorae unaccountable reason our troops had settled with a feeling of security that was not warranted by their surroundings. Grant had, indeed, won the two battles. Forts Donelson and Henry, and had reinforcements under Buell' approaching rapidly frora the east; but, with Albert Sydney Johnston and Beauregard at Corinth, twenty miles away, and an impassable river in his (Grant's) rear, the feeling of security on the part of Grant, Sherman, Prentiss and McClernand was- unaccountable. Their three divisions were pushed out on the Corinth road nearly to the Shiloh church, two miles, and there for three weeks they lay, without so much as surrounding their camp with intrenchments or abatis. Even their chain guard was not strong, and the wonder is that the whole line of raw troops at the front were not captured along with Prentiss and his division. Grant's headquarters were at Savannah, three miles down the river. He arrived on the scene at ten o'clock in the morn ing, and set to work repairing the blunders of the previous three weeks. Fortunately for our cause, the material of Sherman's and McClernand's divisions was of the stubborn sort, and though greatly outnumbered, every inch of the ground was contested, , though Stuart was cut off and fought without communicating. with Grant. 318 THE GLASGOW COLLISION. In front of Sherman's division Captain W. H. Ross, battery B, was sweeping down the well formed and skillfully handled troops of Johnston, but they were soon compelled_ to take up a new position in rear of Sherman's lines. With commendable forethought Captain Ross sent one portion of bis battery, under Lieutenant Laing, to take up a more secure position still in the rear of Sherman's lines, when the enemy's cavalry charged in overwhelming numbers and the greater portion of the battery was captured, including Captain Ross, Lieutenant Bliss and Lieutenant Arndt. General Hurlbut gave the battery great praise for the vigorous support given him during the severest trials of the day. During the remainder of the engagement Lieutenant Laing, with his section of artillery, gave a good account of himself and was mentioned favorably in general orders. THE GLASGOW COLLISION. When John Morgan was on his raid into Kentucky, the second battalion of the second Michigan cavalry had been sent by Colonel Hall from Gallatin, via Glasgow, to Mumfordsville. As the advance guard entered Glasgow it was just after dark. A sergeant with six men was on the extreme advance, with orders not to bring on an engagement. As they reached the public square they saw, entering from a road nearly parallel with theirs, a column partly mounted, partly dismounted, -stretched across the street, greeting their friends. The battal- THE GLASGOW COLLISION. 319 ion halted, and the first impulse was to fire. Then they thought of the numerous citizens standing about, and determined to push on without firing unless fired upon. At that moment a ¦Confederate officer rode up to the column and with a drawn revolver demanded: "Who the b are you ?" but imraedi ately cold steel was pressed against the back of his ear and a voice whispered: "Keep still, d you, or I'll blow the top ¦of your head off. Disarra and raove him back." It was the Fcrgeant that whispered (Sergeant Hempstead, of company M,) and the advance raoved on. The only lights on the streets were , from the poorly lighted store windows, and the men were evi dently well filled with Kentucky whiskey. Saloons were seen open and well filled, and in one of them a crowd of Confed erate officers were seen treating a captured Union officer. Our advance moved on. The Confederates, in line across the road, parted, giving room as the coluran raoved through. Soon our foraging trains and other wagons were heard thundering up. Then a shot was fired and indiscrirainate firing was heard all around the square. But the advance of the enerhy becoming alarraed, fled back to their main command. The enemy had sent out a picket on the road our advance took towards Cave City, and there, hearing the shots, returned. The horse of one of our men fell, hurting him, and the sergeant disraounted to help hira. At that instant two raounted men rode up noiselessly on the sod at the side of the road and commanded the sergeant to surrender and give up his revolver. Thoughts of rebel prisons flashed through his mind, and, though his hand was on his revolver at his side, the darkness shielded him and he said, "I have no revolver; that man lying 320 LEFT ON THE FIELD. there has a revolver." Turning upon hira, they demarided his revolver. In that instant the sergeant's revolver was whipped o.ut — two shots in quick succession — two groans and two horse men went reeling away. Then other shots were passed between the rebel picket and the Federal advance, and the sergeant joined his advance, but the Confederates were routed, returning by the flanks to their comraand. A shot was heard between the advance and the coinraand under Major Dickey, and returning. Sergeant Herapstead found that the prostrate man, Alexander, had been murdered in his helplessness, probably by some lawless drunken fellow. Let us hope it was not by any Confederate soldier in his right senses.. LEFT ON THE FIELD. To be left on the field, wounded, dying, was bad enough ; but with a belief in recovery and a lingering death in prison, half fed, half oared for, was worse. At such a time few officers would think of their men, and give the order by signs to leave him to his fate, rather than strew the field with his followers. Such an instance occurred at Dandridge. A few companies, disraounted, not exceeding 200 men, had been stubbornly resisting- charges and flank movements; falling back as rapidly as possible yet determined to save their (then) useless artillery and ambu lances until the artillery could get a position where the raounted. cavalry could support thera by counter charges. An open field. was in their rear, and the enemy, three lines deep, were rapidly- LEFT ON THE FIELD. 321 advancing to crush them, when the disraounted raen changed their position across that dreaded open field. Among the last men across was Captain J. H. Smith, of corapany G. It was a narrow field; a high lane fence, barn and corn crib offered temporary cover at the other side. Away they rush, knowing well that a volley would follow them and many raight go down. Yet most pf them escaped with slight wounds. But in the middle of the field Captain Smith felt as if hit by a hundred bullets, and went down. Ex amining himself he found his thigh broten, his leg lying lirap and useless, in an unnatural position, his hat and coat full of hples, but he thought at once, "If I don't bleed to death I ara all right yet." His raen had gained shelter and were pouring a destructive fire back upon the Confederates. He could hear his raen say, "Who's missing ?" Then a few hasty words and — "Rally, boys, the Captain's -wounded. Rally, let's never leave without him. See, he is trying to turn over. He is only wound ed." He did turn over; and as he thought of their devotion hot tears filled his eyes, and he shouted, "No, go back." But his voice was drowned in the enemy's firing close to his ears, and as he saw his raen and others of the regiraent about to clirab the fence to charge in the face of twenty times their number he raised his hand and waved then back. They hesitated, but obeyed, and left him to his fate. But those were a stubborn lot of men that fell back frora that fence, and every shot was made to count. But the eneray halted and passed around by the flanks and compelled them again to retreat. The stragglers of the enemy appeared to have plenty of time. And when they came to him, the first thing was his watch, ring, knife and boots. 322 LEFT ON THE FIELD. They looked over his hat and coat, but threw them down in disgust, as not worth having. He had put his money inside his shirt and that was saved. He asked the fellow that had his watch what time it was, "Twenty minutes past four." Then they asked questions and he talked with them, good naturedly, and wound up by saying: "Boys, I am a solid Yank, and the best feeling fellow you ever saw when I ara at home and well, but you Johnnies have knocked ray pins frora under me, and now one good turn deserves another; you have shot me, now carry rae to that house." I was getting cold. They went and got a fruit ladder; got me on, very carefully, too, and carried me to the house. It was locked, so they put me in a weaving room, and laid me down, rack and all, in a corner (not the "northeast corner"). The family returned about nine o'clock. I heard some one outside and called out, "Hello!" A young woman came in, grop ing in the darkness, and said, " Who's there ?" "A friend." "Con federate or Yankee?" "Yankee." Then she stooped down and said how glad father will be, not that you are wounded but that you are a Yankee, and, in a whisper, "Pa is a Union man, and I have a brother in the Union array." Then I said, "Can I trust you ?" "Yes." "Here, then, is my pocket-book; the rebs may search me again. The doctor says I must have ray leg off. Go tell your father to corae here. Mr. Blackburn came in and I told him I had heard the rebs searching the fence corners for the officer that fell in the meadow. I had removed my shoulder straps be fore they first got rae, and since then they had supposed me a private. They had lanterns and I could hear them. He went and got a neighbor and between them they carried me in and LEFT ON THE FIELD. 323 laid me in front of the fire. It was freezing cold outside and the reaction, after our exciting exercise, had set in; and, I tell you, you may believe that fire felt good. Soon Generals Jenkins and Corse came in, and began to question me about what officer fell on the meadow. I evaded them. Finally General Jenkins asked if I was not an officer. "Sir, I am a poor wounded Yankee, in the hands of the enemy." "Were you not an officer when with your coraraand ?" "I had the pleasure of being a sergeant — they wanted bet ter raen for officers, and generally had them in the second Mich igan cavalry." "Where's your coat ?" "Under my head. It's a jacket." He looked it over, and said, "Was all this done to-day ?" "Yes and raore, ray hat has lost half its rira, and part of the top." "A close call, my boy." "And now. General, it's my turn. I want to ask that you allow rae to remain here until I die or get better." He instructed his adjutant to make an order to that effect. Then he returned to his questioning again. "What officer fell here in front of the house ?" "I saw no officer fall." "Didn't you fall here in front of the house ?" "Yes, sir." "Why didn't you say so, then ?" "You didn't ask me." Then he laughed, but Corse got mad and was very abusive, but General Jenkins checked him, and turning to his own surgeon said: "Do all you can for this 324 A DARING SCOUT. He probed and pushed and shook his head. "It must com© off or you can't live three days." "Clean it and get that bullet and loose bone out and I'll take the chances." He did so, and time, careful nursing and a strong constitu tion did the rest. "But do you see that leg, two inches shorter than the other, but a good deal of a leg yet? — and I tell you, old raan, I'll never forget that Blackburn faraily. Our troops re captured rae when I was well enough to be raoved and I was sent to Nashville." Captain Smith has a history back of the last war that would raake an interesting chapter, but We will only intrude upon these pages sufficient space to say, that at the age of fourteen he en tered a corapany of soldiers at Detroit in 1847, and joined Scott in Mexico. Although but a child in years he was large of his- age, and carried a rausket; was believed to be nineteen years old. He was in the principal engageraents up to the battle of Chapultepec, where he was wounded, and afterwards served as a nurse in the hospital. He says: "There was a Lieutenant Wilkins in my company [probably the late Colonel William D. Wilkins, of Detroit,] he was a good fellow, and bully on a fight." Without entering raore into the history of Captain Smith it is perhaps little enough to say that very few have the record as hard fighters which he enjoyed among his superiors, and especially from Sheridan. A DARING SCOUT. A most daring expe^tion by a small scouting party A DARING SCOUT. 325 was that of Lieutenant W. H. Whittemore and twelve men, during the falling back of our army, under Schofield, before Hood, in 1864, frora Athens to Nashville. General Schofield was making desperate efforts to save all of his trains and artillery as well as men, and he knew that Hood largely outnumbered him. Therefore, while his trains were being rapidly pushed across Duck river at Columbia, Tenn essee, he held Columbia as long as possible, but it was quite ira portant that he should know whether Hood was effecting a crossing at Lewisburg or not. The last of our array ' would be over the river by raorning and to ascertain whether or no he had a flanking party to contend with, he called for a volunteer of twelve mounted men and an officer, to go to Lewisburg and return in time to join the army in the morning. The distance was about sixteen to eighteen railes by the road they were oblig ed to take, through a country supposed to be infested with rebel cavalry. Said the general: "This is a very hazardous under taking, and you may not be permitted to corae back the way you went, if you get back at all." As the little squad passed out through our chain of pickets an officer said to thera : "You can not get out here; there is a chain of rebel pickets all along there, across the road." "Well, if we have to corae back flying, don't fire on us," and they rode out into the darkness. Taking a road leading off to the southeast, as much as possible away from the main porr tion of the rebel army, they soon saW their camp fires. The lieutenant instructed his men and soon they were riding boldly along the road, talking as indifferently as if going on picket. 326 A DARING SCOUT. "Hello, boys," said the Johnnies, "going on picket?" "Yes, and we were on last night, too; you fellows haven't been on in a raonth," and to avoid further conversation they trotted their horses on, and soon came to another fire. They were now between two fires and could not turn back, and at this moraent they heard a volley of shots in their rear, whether at them or not they never knew, but, dashing on, they soon dis covered a deserted camp, with fires still smoldering, and resolv ed then to push on at all hazards. This reckless riding was kept up to the full endurance of the horses until three o'clock in the morning, when they came near Lewisburg. Seeing a house near the road they shouted to the occupants and a man came out. "Have you seen any Yankees about here?" "No," says the citizen, "until I saw you." Then he con tinued: "You need not be afraid of my blowing; I am as good a Yankee as you are; what you looking for ?" "We belong to the Georgia cavalry, and are looking for our coramand; did any of them cross here ?" "No." Their secret was understood and the desired information given, and, also, telling tbem the best road by which to return. They saw other citizens who confirmed the intelligence received; and immediately set out on the return by another route. It was not only very dark but rainy, and the streams were rising, and where they had been told there were fords, the water had risen and they could not cross. Every mile now brought them nearer the rebel army. They would try one more ford if they could get there, and if not they must swim. By the time THE ROMANCE OF WAR. 327 they had reached the last possible ford it was broad daylight, and if the rebels had learned of the little scouting party they were probably being sought for. "Now for it, boys," and a dash of half an hour brought thera to the river. As they had feared, they raust swira, and to add interest to their situation, horseraen were seen up the road coming towards them on the gallop. They plunged in, giving the horses the rein, throwing themselves frora, but clinging to saddles, and every one of thera safely reached the other shore, clirabing up the steep bank as the enemy dashed down to the opposite side and gave them a volley. But their bullets were harmless, and giving the rebels a parting salute the little band returned in time to join the command as the last of them had lef t Columbia. General Schofield had given them up as captured or scat tered, perhaps to be bushwhacked, or scattered before reaching our lines, and his pleasure at seeing them all safe can only be imagined. He coraplimented them highly on the success of their daring expedition. THE ROMANCE OF WAR. When an army is lying in carap, waiting for a forward movement, and that camp chances to be amid pleasant surround ings, then often occur scenes around which "memory loves to linger." There were many such in the south, and Franklin, Tennessee, during the spring of 1863 comes back fresh as a pleasant dream after these twenty years. 328 THE ROMANCE OF WAR. I was an early riser those days, and occasionally when the sun began to streak the east, about four o'clock in the morning, and not a sound from huraan voice disturbed the slumbering carap, I have wandered away to the hills or "knobs," as they were called, to be where I could hear and take in the first awakening of the camp. If this article falls under the eye of any who are not "moved by the harmony of sweet sounds," they need not read it. But come with rae, you lovers of Nature, and I will try and paint you a picture. Walking briskly along the path, the modest sensitive plant droops and lies prostrate until you have passed on out of sight. The mocking bird — prince of vocalists — flits from bush to bush, singing as he goes in circles around a certain tree, and you know the mother bird is near brooding a nest. You have heard the song all night, perhaps, yet it is just as sweet and strong as when first you heard it. The twitter of other birds is there, but they sink into insignificance besidfe our favorite. We climb the hill, perhaps 200 feet, and find a tempting boulder on the hillside. Now sit here and listen and look. Half a raile to the south the Harpeth winds through the valley, and beyond, the early rising citizens are sending heavenward wreaths of sraoke from nearly every chim ney in the town of Franklin. Between us and the river, spread out in bird's-eye view, are, the tents, wagons, horses and raules of 25,000 troops. Around each regiment; in measured tread, along a well beaten path mechanically tramps the stiffiy alert soldier. Suddenly frora the headquarters grounds, near the tent of General Gordon Granger, a long haired Indian bugler stands out before the flag-staff. The air is THB ROMANCE OP WAR. 329 •clear, and his proud bearing is noted, even at this distance, as he raises that old copper bugle, different from all others in the a;rmy, and, poising it for an instant only, with its mouth -pointing above the distant hills, he sends forth an ear-piercing, -elephantine blast that might serve well at the judgment day. How rich, at this distance! like the Alpine horns echoing across the valley and against the hillside, back and forth, the last drawn cadence serving to bring to his feet the sleepiest laggard among the regimental and corapany buglers. Then the cavalry and artillery repeat the call and the infantry drums roll and rattle tr-r-r-r-r-rat, tr-r-r-rat-tat! and now, listen — a horse neighs; a mule brays! listen again, there they go. Ye-haw, ye-haw, e-haw, haw, from 5,000 mulish throats in horrid discord, yet rausical when distance lends •enchantment. And now the sleepy teamsters are seen moving from under the wagons, out of the wagons, from tents and from every quarter to feed and "stop that racket." There are acres and acres of thera; rows of wagons a half raile long parked in wheel to wheel. And now, as the mules' reveille is cut short by rations of oats, corn or hay, we can hear the roll calls from the parade grounds and the answers. Here! here!! here!!! Suddenly we discover smoke or dust away south on the Columbia pike, two miles away. Then a horseraan coraes tear ing over the hUl out of the dust and disappears behind the trees and houses nearer town. Then a line of horses, in groups of fours moving back rapidly, but not in very good order; evident ly being led by one raan out of four, and just behind them a line of dismounted men, running for cover. They reach a stone ¦wall and are imraediately over arid faced about. Then we 330 SURGEONS HENDERSON — BROWNELL. see a line of smoke from the guns of the' dismounted men^ and a rushing up and scattering of mounted men. Then the disraounted men fall back as a party of mounted flankers are seen swinging around the right. The next instant our long' roll is sounded, and '"boots and saddles" immediately after.. There is shouting and hurrying and we have seen enough for- this raorning. Tumbling, jumping, running, down the hill we go, and find our horses saddled by our faithful negro and ready for an all day's flght or a foot race along the front line of our- advance pickets. This is no fancy picture, but a real copy of scenes that were- witnessed almost any raorning in May oi- June, 1863, along that. lovely valley of the Harpeth. SURGEON CHARLES L. HENDERSON. This officer was sick during the entire period of ray labor- on this work, and therefore I only have his official record from^ which to write. He joined the great band beyond the river about January 15th, 1884, and we can but say he was a faithfuli officer and friend. What greater praise needs any man? SURGEON WM. BROWNELL. Surgeon Brownell entered the service in 1861 as assistant- surgeon and served as such until- Surgeon Henderson was mus tered out in October, 1862, when he assumed the duties of sur geon and filled them with great success and acceptability. SURGEON GREEN. 331 While surgeon of the regiment he was frequently called' upon to take charge of brigade and division hospitals and at the -close of the war was in charge of the post hospital at Nashville.. The knowledge he added to his store during the war placed him in a high rank as a physician and surgeon in civil life and he has enjoyed the reputation of being one of the first in his pro fession in the state. He has resided since at Utica, Michigan, and his reputation has extended far beyond his local practice,, and so arduous have been his duties that he has of late been much shattered in health. SURGEON W. p. GREEN. This officer came to the regiment as acting assistant sur geon at Pine Hills, Mississippi, from the ranks of the seventy- first Ohio, at a time when surgeons were in demand. We were well officered as to surgeons, Drs. Charles Henderson and Wil liam Brownell, but sickness did not let the doctors alone more than others, and, in that Mississippi country, the surgeons were sorely tried, by overwork and a bad climate. Hospital steward Ranney was sick, and Dr. Henderson scarcely equal, physically, to the task, and, at such a time, a cheerful word, such as Dr. Green always had, went far among the boys, and he was wel comed with open arms. His papers, a certificate from the exara- ining board of surgeons, were satisfactory, and he went to work. in real earnest. From this time on he was ever at his post, by night or day. On the front line, if need be, or wherever duty called him, there the tall, lank form of Dr. Green loomed up like- 332 SURGEON GREEN. the ghost of old Hippocrates himself; and while the regiment slept after the battle of Perryville, he, with the other surgeons, works, cutting, slashing, sawing, binding, and bathing during the long hours of that horrible night, and had for a morning appetizer the sight and smell of cartloads of arms and legs. What a dissecting table that! But we felt that "old saw-bones," as we affectionately called him, would raake no useless sacrifice of limb. His reputation was now firmly established, and, at the first opportunity, he was promoted, and we saw him assistant sur geon, surgeon of the first East Tennessee and brigade surgeon, and hadicharge of forty arabulances filled with wounded on the retreat frora that slaughter pen around Crawfish Springs travel ing all night and arriving at Chattanooga on the raorning of . September 21. He continued as brigade surgeon through the Wheeler raid, the East Tennessee campaign, and was division surgeon with General E. M. McCook in the Atlanta campaign until the regi ment returned and the Hood , campaign began, when he again joined the brigade under General John T. Croxton and served -with it to the end of the war. NOTES BY DR. GREEN. A few weeks after the battle of Perryville, in crossing over the field a party was seen digging among the new made graves. It proved to be an old gentleman from Indiana. He had brought a rude coffin in the wagon with him, and when the body was reached, he gave it a hasty, heart-broken look, and, -shaking his head, declared chis was not his son. SURGEON RANNEY. 333 We asked to see his letters and soon discovered he had come to the wrong part of the field. The letter said the son was color bearer of the regiment and was the third man who had fallen that day while bearing the colors. The letter gave direc tions where to find the body, "near a large white oak tree — a burnt log," etc. On the breast was a piece of the colors of the regiraent, and a piece of paper, with writing, which enabled them to identify the body. He picked up a cannon ball and, saying that was the first he " had ever seen, declared he would take it home, and, with the money the son had sent home to assist in paying for their farm he would erect a raonuraent. He also took up a small cedar standing near and wrapped the roots carefully. That scene at the identification, deep, yet siraple, demon strations of affection, was very touching, and the sorrowing old man raoved quietly away, as if leading a soleran but grand funeral cortege. SURGEON GEO. E. RANNEY. George E. Ranney comes from a faraily well known in his tory, for railitary and naval achieveraents. He is a direct lineal descendant of Samuel Champlain, the French naval officer and ex plorer, the founder of Quebec and the French colony in Can ada. There has been a crossing of Scotch blood, but the family characteristics remain. When the war begun, Geo. E. Ranney, at the age of 22,. entered company B, second Michigan cavalry, as a private.. :334 SURGEON RANNEY. He had been studying medicine, but was not a graduate. His "knowledge of medicine, however, made his services in demand, and he was assigned to the hospital department as steward, where he served until overwork and sickness drove him home, in the summer of 1862. During his convalescence he entered the medical department of Michigan University, and graduating in 1863, was immediately sent by Governor Blair to the regiment as second assistant surgeon. A surgeon's duties with a cavalry regiraent, if he is with his regiment, as he should be, on all raids, night or day, are not of "elegant leisure," and, the assistant surgeons are usually ex pected to do the bulk of the work, and young Ranney found hiraself immediately in business. Joining the regiment at Triune, on the very first day's advance he assisted the medical director in araputating a soldier's arra to the music of whistling bullets during the sharp engagement at Rover. His coolness of nerve at once established hira in the highest esteera with the medical director. Surgeon Ranney remained constantly at his post during that campaign, which culminated in the battle of Chicamauga, September 20, 1863, where he was captured. He was sent to Libby prison soon after and held there till November 24 follow ing, as a hostage. Returning to duty with his regiment, he was soon after called upon to operate for the brigade at Pulaski -until the retreat, when he joined the regiment, serving as the only medical officer of the regiraent, also acting as brigade sur geon. He served with them through the Tennessee campaign — the advance and retreat of Hood — and soon after Ranney was made full surgeon and placed in charge of the division hospital. SURGEON RANNEY, 335 .-and made its chief operator. As the cavalry moved south and liberated the prisoners. Surgeon Ranney was the first to report -on the brutality of Captain Wirz, which resulted in the arrest . and final hanging of that brute. The hospital departments of the three divisions of the cavalry corps being consolidated at Macon Surgeon Ranney was ordered to receipt to the surgeons in charge of the second and third •divisions and establish and take charge of the corps hospital, where all the sick and wounded of the command were treated When the second Michigan cavalry was mustered out jSurgeon Ranney was assignedto the one hundred and thirty-sixth United States colored infantry, and reraained in the service until January, 1866. Since the war Dr. Ranney has lived and practiced his pro fession at Lansing, and his experience and natural and acquired abilities have won for hira a reputation that has made hira well and favorably known, even beyond the confines of his own state.CHICAMAUGA AND ATLANTA NOTES PROM SURGEON RANNBY. An Irishman had his haversack strap cut by a bullet. "Bedad, they're cutting off ray supplies" — carae quick and fresh, though lead and iron filled the air like swarraing bees. Some three weeks after the battle of Chicamauga the wounded were parolled and sent to Chattanooga under a flag of truce. Surgeon Ranney (a prisoner on duty at Crawfish Springs) assisted General Bragg's provost marshal in parolling the wounded under Dr. Ranney's charge. An able bodied man placed himself among the wounded, and as the doctor came 336 SURGEON RANNBY. to hira he gave a raeaning and anxious look which plainly said:: "I have had all I want of prisoner's life; get me oat." So his narae was entered araong the wounded and he went away with a light heart. The Federal surgeon in charge of the hospital asked soon after. "Where is Wright ?" "He is parolled." "How did he come to be parolled? He was not wounded."' "Yes, he was; severely wounded." "Why," said the Federal surgeon, "I did not know that. before; where was he wounded?" "His feelings were terribly lacerated, and I recomraended a change of oliraate." Just before the battle of Resaca, General Stanley, who had previously coramanded our cavalry corps, but waS then in com mand of an infantry corps, was informed that he would have the advance in the moming, and that probably there would be- sharp work; and was asked what cavalry regiment he wanted in the advance t© open the fight or skirmish, as the case might be. He replied: "Give me the second Michigan cavalry." And his choice, though not generally known at the time,. proved a wise one, for the regiment drove the eneray's skirmish lines of cavalry behind their infantry and following them up fiercely drove the first line of infantry, also, from behind their intrenchments. But as they anticipated, they were then met by large bodies of infantry and driven from the captured works. As we were falling back we met a brigadier-general who asked:.. "What is the trouble?" "We have met the enemy in force and can advance no fur ther." COMMISSARIES. 337 "Oh," said the brigadier, "I will send a company or two of infantry in there and give them a volley and I guess we will start them." Just then General Stanley came up. "Well, you found them. How is it ?" He was told the situation and the infantry brigadier re peated his reraarks, with not a little sarcasm in his tone. "Put your whole brigade into line at once," said Stanley, and before the brigade was in position, the enemy opened upon them, with a part of our regiment Dr. Ranney, (who had gone back to get a wounded man) among the number, between the two lines. The second Michigan took the left, and the battle raged fiercely all day, the Confederates breaking our lines at the point where the cavalry was replaced by infantry, and when night came, our infantry lines having been driven back, and the cavalry still reraaining out on the left, were supposed to be captured. Coming into camp at midnight we were fired upon by our in fantry pickets. COMMISSARIES. There were few men in the army whose positions were more arduous and whose labors were less appreciated, when faithfully discharging their duties, than the commissaries. Dependent upon the quarterraaster, generally, for transportation, it mattered little to the hungry soldier whether the hard bread had become wet and mouldy en route or not. The comraissary 338 IN THE HOSPITAL. A was more often greeted with: "Say, old hard-tack, what sort of stuff is this you're givin' us ?" Or, if rations of fresh beef were being issued, he was more than likely to be greeted with, ''Hello, when did that old bull die?" If it was bacon, "sow belly" was the euphonious name indulged in. If the boys hap pened to be "dry" and they knew the commissary was well fixed, there was no tafty good enough for the commissary. Araid all these trials E. W. Lauranse, whose gray hair and whiskers made him a conspicuous figure in the regiment, and extended even through the brigade and army, made many friends and won for himself a reputation for faithful services second to none. His portrait will be found among, the staff officers. He is, at this writing, still living, though well advanced in years, in coraparatively good health, at Utica, Michigan. IN THE HOSPITAL. There was heroisra araong the women of the south on both sides of .the Union question that women of the north as a whole have known little about. It was necessarily so. The war, whatever the cause, was upon them, among them, destroying horae circles by dividing families, destroying homes as well, and often, very often, bringing gaunt hunger to the door. In times when men's and women's souls are tried, heroic characters are raade all the more conspicuous by their throvving aside all considerations of personal safety and social ostracism. The true heroes were not two faced, "all things to all men," IN THE HOSPITAL. 339 but they dared, in the face of a thousand to one, to shout, on the streets or housetops "Hurrah! hurrah! for the Stars and Stripes," and wave their dainty kerchiefs as that starry emblera passed by, even though they knew that behind every window screen sharp eyes were watching them. Such a woman was Miss F. O. Courtney, of Franklin, Tennessee, and this feeling, though less fearless, her mother and sister shared with her. It is related of her that she was first brought to the notice of Federal officers and soldiers by waving her handkerchief to a regiment on their way to the battle at Shiloh. A major was in command, and he gallantly dismounted and deftly slipping his diaraond scarf pin frora his throat, placed it upon the necktie of Miss Courtney; mounting his horse, he passed on without so much as knowing the young lady's name. As regiment after regiment marched onward the story was wafted to the passing army, and cheer after cheer rent the air for the patriotic girl of Tennessee. But it is of her part in the hospital that I would write. It was known frora the time that Sherraan cut loose for his march to the sea that Hood would invade Tennessee, and those who could, at once began to prepare for the crisis. A secret cellar was made ready, the entrance to which was by a trap door under a carpet, in the house of Mrs. Courtney, and this underground room was filled with substantial provisions — bacon sugar, coffee, etc. That terrible 30th of Noveraber, 186i, (the battle of Frank lin) came, and at once every house was a hospital, and every yard was filled with dead and dying, while the surgeons were busily fitting up churches and school houses for more perraanent and roomy quarters. 340 IN THE HOSPITAL, In the largest school building there were, among others, 120i Federal officers and soldiers, most of whom ought, under favor able treatment, to recover, and over these an assistant surgeon had been detailed to watch, but the importance of his position seeraed to turn his head, and he at once became so overbearing as to attract the attention of the few Unionists who visited there,. The Misses Courtney, with their mother, at once made it their special business to be at the hospital, some, or all, of them con stantly, and not only to nurse the suffering fellows, but to pre pare, frora their own storehouse, such provisions as they had (which were much better than the Confederates had for their men). in such a palatable manner that their presence was hailed like- angels' visits. Every piece of white cotton, even to their skirts,, was torn up for bandages, not even a change of under linen was preserved. Confederates were nursed by their hosts of friends and Federals by these three and, perhaps, in all, a half dozen women of Union sympathies. The Federal surgeon in charge was very negligent and, soraetiraes willfully indifferent to some of his men, and the pleading looks and words the boys gave, "Don't leave me to that scoundrel, or I shall die," were heart-rending. Unceasingly those woraen labored, cooking and nursing, and the thundering artillery of Nashville was heard on the fifteeth and sixteenth day after the Franklin butchery. The last bit of bacon and coffee, flour and sugar had been eaten. The nurses had become, in their garments, nearly as filthy as the soldiers had been on entering the hospital. What should they do now for food ? The seventeenth day had come,. LIEUTENANT DARROW. 341 and no signs of the Federal army. The heavy artillery firing had ceased. Which way had the battle gone ? If the Confed erates knew they were silent. Fainting, sick and wounded soldiers began to clamor for soraething to eat, but the Confederates appeared not to hear thera, and the day wore on. Women of the North, can you picture to yourselves the horrors which oppressed the minds of those 120 neglected "boys in blue?" Can you wonder that those loyal hearts turned silently away to hide the fast welling tears, at their powerless condition ? A distant shot is heard. "There!" another, and another. "They are coming!" in faint murraurs ran through the roora. Straggling soldiers, ragged, unarmed, hurried through the streets and then, in broken squads, companies and regiraents they carae, closely pressed by the Federal soldiers. Hunger was forgotten in their great joy, and soon the hospital supply train followed. Then there were hastily prepared dishes, and once more faces grew bright, and a quiet, peaceful night settled down over those hospital cots. If the services of those devoted woraen have ever been recognized by the government we have not heard of it. LIEUTENANT RUSSELL A. DARROW. It was a notorious fact that few men who entered the army with ordinary pretensions to morality or religion with- 342 LIEUTENANT DARROW. stood the powerful influences for evil that surrounded them. Lieutenant Darrow was one of that few who kept themselves pure and spotless, and his heroic devotion to his country, ex tending as it did beyond all just claims upon his service, was the subject of admiration. His time had expired and his muster out had been ordered but was only awaiting his pre sence at the muster out officer's. He had thought the war about ovc r and was about to return and enter upon his study for the ministry. Forrest's raen were trying to escape out of Tennessee and were nearing the river between Cypress creek and the Tennes see, when three companies of the second Michigan, under Major Dickinson, were ordered down a by-road to intercept them. They gained the front of the eneray by a charge of three miles to a point near the ford, with a piece of woods on one side and a field on the other. Twenty dismounted men of company M occupied the road and to the left of it. The others of the bat talion were deployed in the woods. Lieutenant Darrow remained raounted, though partly under cover of the woods. The enemy pressed upon them, apparently a whole division, mounted. Many of the Confederates wore the Federal uniform, and deceived Lieutenant Darrow into think ing perhaps he was flring upon' our own men of some other regiment. He asked, "What regiment is that ?" The enemy- were close at hand — short pistol range. The reply was a volley of bullets, and poor Darrow reeled in his saddle. But the twenty men at the road sides replied with a volley that more than trebly avenged (so far as numbers were concerned) the death of their young commander, and compelled the enemy to abandon that line of retreat and pass around by the flank. JIM BROWNLOW. 343 "Oh, my God! My poor old mother," said he, as he passed into an unconscious state, and quietly breathed out his life, a victim to treachery. TURNING THE TIDE — JIM BROWNLOW CAPTURED. At one tirae during the sharp engagement at Fair Garden, East Tennessee, the second Michigan cavalry were driven back from the edge of a wood they were approaching across an open field and up the steep bank of a creek, by the eneray's cavalry, raounted in strong force. But there they took up a position and held it. The first Tennessee, seeing the second driven back, becarae panic stricken and breaking wildly, fled. Colonel Carap bell seeing what had happened hurried a staff officer after Colonel Brownlow with his regiraent of Tennesseeans. He found them and soon returned. Meantime the eneray had ap parently run the other way, and following with a sraall force in advance for about two miles, they were discovered in the woods The eneray seeing only a sraall force, contented themselves with keeping them in check by a few shots, and Colonel Campbell brought up his artillery, and showing the comraander the posi tion, very close to the eneray's lines, asked if he dare place his guns in the edge of the woods — so close to the eneray's line that as Colonel Carapbell expressed it, I coul d see the whites of their eyes." The artillery captain's reply was: "I dare place it wherever you say, if it's in hell." "All right," said the colonel, I will go with you, and take 344 "five dollars for that rebel." the second Michigan cavalry as support; and before the enemy were aware of the presence of our main force, the artillery opened upon them at short range. Campbell ordered a charge and the rebels broke in con fusion. They made a desperate attempt to get their guns away* but Colonel Lagrange, with his brigade, charged them on the left and captured three pieces of artillery and 150 prisoners. killing and wounding raany and scattering the rest. This was Colonel Jim Brownlow's opportunity, and he rushed after them with the utmost recklessness until far within tbe enemy's lines. The regiment mostly got away, but Colonel Jim was captured, though unrecognized, having a plain jacket on, and by a little strategy succeeded in making his es cape in the night and return to carap next day, amid the wild cheers of his men, as well as the whole brigade, with whom he was a general favorite, notwithstanding his recklessness. "five dollars for that REBEL." It was at Fair Garden, East Tennessee. The second Mich igan cavalry was deployed, dismounted, in front of tbe brigade, and for want of better cover, bpth armies were lying flat upon the ground and pouring a deadly hail of lead at each other. This continued for a short time, when a soldier on the Confeder ate side arose to his feet and boldly dashed back to cover of the woods. Lieutenant-Colonel Ben Smith shouted at the top of "walk around. 345 his voice. "Five dollars for that rebel!" When the whole regiment sprang to their feet and dashing forward drove the ad vance of the enemy frora the field. "walk round." The negro's love of arauseraent was always a source of de. light to the soldiers of the Union army that found opportunities for indulgence under the most gloomy surroundings. The hot July sun beat pitilessly upon the Federal soldiers in Mississippi, filling camp and hospital with fever racked patients, and kept burial parties busy, but the down trodden blacks were happy. They felt that the presence of an army of slavery-hating soldiers rmeant something, though no promises of protection or escape were held out. Male and female, young and old, flocked to camp, asking nothing; expecting nothing; half clothed and always barefoot, they gathered around camp fires, and indulged their overflowing spirits in songs of freedom and plantation break downs, or "walk 'round." The end-board to an army wagon, with the smooth side up,- afforded them just the thing for a platform, and around they go, in a circle, one behind the otherj pausing as their feet touched the end-board to shuffie and jig to the time of spatting hands against hands, knees and hand again; patting of feet and a genuine plantation melody — a jumble of meaningless words and sentences, and perhaps the tnm-tura of a home-made banjo, all in the most perfect time; -changing off as each new dancer struck the rattling end- board, and the puffing, tired ones dart off with a boisterous yah! yah! 346 BURNT HIS FINGERS. And this was often kept up until taps were sounded and the dusky dancers disappeared, as mysteriously as they came — no- one knew where. It was a scene that professional minstrels have tried hard,. but unsuccessfully, to imitate, yet will never be forgotten by the soldier. BURNT HIS FINGERS. Major Scranton sat in front of his little band of 325 non- veterans at Resaca, his leg thrown over the saddle, his men all mounted close in his rear, thirty feet, perhaps. They were awaiting orders. Shells were flying pretty thick, and often un comfortably close. Inaction was nervous work. His short stub of an Indian stone pipe was betweeii his teeth; his hand sought the depths of his pocket and brought up a handful of loose tobacco. Then a match, briskly applied to his pants, and,;. holding it aloft in his sheltering hands, while the sulphur splut- > tered and sizzed — a shell buried itself in the earth, between him. and the men, flfteen feet away. Casting his eye askance, he never moved a muscle, but kept his eye on the smoking hole in the ground, while the match burned away, and suddenly, instead. of being blown frora his horse, the blazing match reached his ' fingers, and took hold sharp. The shell was forgotten in his- efforts to shake the pain from his fingers, and the roar of laugh ter that broke the spell would have drowned the noise of the exploding shell. It was a mean thing to laugh at, but the boys couldn't help it, and the major was too good-natured to make- any remarks. TAKING OBSERVATIONS. 34T' While Hood's rear guard (Forrest's cavalry) and Croxton's brigade were confronting each other at Richland Creek, De cember, 1864, a little of the grim humor of war occurred. The troops were under cover of the trees, but the artillery was having a savage duel. Captain T. W. Johnston, then of Croxton's staff, was near the creek, and, with Lieutenant-Colonel Ben. Sraith, was taking observations. A cannon ball cut off the lirab of a tree, whioh fell directly upon Captain Johnston. A sharp bud struck the Captain in the corner of his eye, breaking his glasses and causing the blood to flow quite freely. The- sharp, pricking sensation led him to believe, for a raoraent, that he had been hit by a bullet. Clapping his hand to the back of his head, he felt sure he should flnd a hole where it had come out, and, at the same time he sat down by a tree with the fullest expectation of expiring in a' few rainutes. But be very soon- discovered he was not much hurt, and, jumping to his feet, said: "I reckon I hadn't better die yet; I'll put it off a week; changed my mind." A few minutes later a staff officer frora General Wilson came riding down. He looked around, talked a little and set out on an easy gallop back to headquarters, down the open- woods road. Just then a long shell came whirling end over end- from the eneray's artillery, making that peculiar music so often- heard at such times, and passed very near Colonel Ben and Captain Tom. Quick witted but deliberate spoken old Ben speaks out: "By crimus, if-the-Cap'n-don't-hurry-up-that-ball-'Ul overtake-him." -348 MUTTON AND TURKEY — "hBRE's TOUR MULE." At Perryville the command had been short of rations of fresh meat until after the battle, and during the night preced ing sharp foragers only had been able to provide themselves witb meat. Going over to company M, I foupd Captain Tom had pre- • ceded me, probably following the same scent. "Hello Tora! what you got ?" "Oh, the boys have been out skirmishing; found an old sheep that couldn't get away; sit down and have some." It smelt good, and I sat down. But somehow that "couldn't get away" haunted me, and, with its dry, leathery, appearance, my appetite was quickly appealsed. Other companies, more fortunate, had captured a number of grasshopper fed turkeys, that neglected to "roost high" and the smell of burnt feathers, roast turkey and things rerainded one of a preraature Thanksgiving; and the quiet but voracious circles around those carap-flres all night told plainly how men would rather eat than sleep. But, oh! that horrid muddy water. What wouldn't we give for a pail of clear water for our coffee, and to moisten our lips and throats. "We'll have it to-morrow, or die trying," was our comment. 'HERE'S YOUR MULE. Soldiers who were through the East Tennessee carapaign of 1863-4, November to February, used to admire the handsome .mule teams connected with General Elliott's headquarters and "here's tour mule." 349' wondered where he got thera. They were of good size, round as a barrel, white as snow or black as ink, and as playful, when at rest, as a lot of kittens. With General McCook's scouts were twenty-four men from the second Michigan cavalry. Sixteen of thera under Sergeant Brooks, were sent off on a scout below Fair Garden, to ascer tain the plans of the eneray, the location, or any other intelligence. Very early in the morning they came on to the trail of a scouting foraging party, and, following on cautiously, came suddenly upon them feeding five teams of mules, six in each team. The foragers were dismounted men from Longstreet's Richmond soldiers. Looking them over our boys saw there were twenty of them. "That's not enough odds to talk about," said the sergeants and they dashed among them, capturing with out hurting anyr one. The Richmond soldiers felt terribly chagrined at being caught napping by western Yankees; but they were loaded into the wagons and hurried out of the country, the object of the scout having been accomplished through inforniation gathered frora loyal citizens and negroes living in that territory. The Confederates had loaded the wagons with haras, bacon, and meal and were ready to leave, little dreaming there were Yankees within fifty miles of thera. The provisions were dumped in a pile beside the road and the citizens told to go and get their "truck." Returning to Fair Garden, General Elliott was met with all the cavalry, on their way to that battle. Riding up to the Gen eral, "Here's your mule," said the sergeant, and from the thirty- ,350 DESTROYING PONTOONS. mules General Elliott, through his quartermaster, selected a team of six that were noted all through the army for their beauty. DESTROYING PONTOONS. The following reminiscence was related by Marshman Maxon, of company A, second Michigan cavalry, at their reunion February 22, 1883, and had it not been, in part, already familiar to us, we fear the story would have seemed too much like fiction to have been received as proper matter for a volume which we have studied faithfully to keep within the bounds of truth: "On the 6th of October, 1864, while we were encamped near Florence, Alabama," began Mr. Maxon, "watching Hood's movements. General Croxton requested Colonel Smith to ask for volunteers to go down the river in canoes to cut the pontoons.. Only six men were needed, but half the regiment were ready to go. Besides me there were Joseph Jones, Alfred J'oy, Joseph Gage, James Dodard and Jerry Mahoney who were accepted, and at midnight we were on the way and had pressed a citizen into the service as guide. Whether the old fellow kne-^ better or not we never knew, but he took us down on one side of an island, of which we had no previous inti- -mation. Our party went in two log canoes that were little raore ,than square sticks of tiraber, sharpened at each end and -dug out in.side enough to admit of a board about twelve or fifteen inches wide, which was kept in the bottom, generally to keep you dry, but, in our case, it proved quite a convenience .in bailing the canoe when it tipped over, as we frequently did DBSTROYLNG PONTOONS. 351 in going down the rapids. At such times we frequentiy stood up against the strong current of cold water, and, righting our eraft, lifted the boards from one end, and, presto! the water rushed out at the other end and in we clambered again. This was probably repeated five or six times before we had passed Muscle Shoals, with its sharp breaks, whirling eddies and projecting rocks. When we had passed that terrible ordeal and shot out into the dark current, of about seven miles an hour, I think every raan of us would rather have gone through a sharp battle than attempted such a trip again. To add to our discomfort the rain was pouring down piteously, and we were becoming chilled from our baths. "We were to strike the bridge at three o'clock a. m., and judging of tirae by what we had passed through we concluded it must he near that now; so, paddling up to land, we climbed out and, striking a match, found we were too early by an hour, and probably not far from the bridge. Rebel camp fires could be seen reflected against the sky, not far below. "Waiting another half hour we headed down the river and soon discovered that instead of a pontoon bridge we had a trestle to encounter; and then for the flrst time realized that we had been passing along between an island and the main land, on the Confederate side of the river. We shot under the bridge without noise and passing below about two miles landed, turning loose our old 'Secesh' friend, wishing him good-night, and set out for camp, where we reported next night after a long, weary, hungry march, dodging the enemy's scouts. "Then a second detail was asked for, but not so readily filled since the actual hazards of the undertaking were better 352 DESTROYING PONTOONS. known. But, as I did not like to leave a job until I had done something, I volunteered the second time, with most of the men who had gone with me on the first trip, one or two- backing out and others taking tbeir places. The same shooting the rapids, half the time in the water, was repeated, and we neared the bridge on the pontoon side of the island and kept the two canoes side by side until within sight of the bridge. Then, separ ating, each canoe darted towards either end of the bridge, and with one man standing in the bow, with a sharp hatchet, we expected to cut the lines and float the greater part down the river. There was a strong light glaring from the banks at either end and a small train of array wagons were crossing. It was an exciting raoment. Capture meant death, as marauders. Swiftly glide the frail boats, nearer, and it seemed as if this tirae our eyes raust surely catch sight of the lines,, when, a sudden shock, a splash, and, I saw ray two- comrades plunged into the rushing torrent, and felt the boat giving way beneath my feet, swing round, and, as I felt myself going, I caught sight of a big line and struck it with my hatchet. The next instant I found myself swiraraing, and heard our canoe roll beneath one of the pontoons, rolling as a square piece of tiraber would naturally roll when swept broadside to the current underneath a flat bottomed boat. The noise could be heard a long distance, and w-e felt that the pickets would be down upon us in no time. Swinging quietly to the canoe we all caught hold and floated silently down the streara with camp flres and burning buildings lighting up the bank, glaring out on to the river and casting weird flitting shadows on the dark clouds above — all for our benefit (?). DESTROYING PONTOONS, 353 "It appeared that the man in the bow of the boat, Jos. Gage; did not see the line. It was not where he was looking for it and it caught him under the chin, lifting hira clear of the canoe as it swung around and was carried under. My stroke cut the line about half off so that it sagged a little, and the men in the other canoe cut the line entirely off, but lost their boat and clirabed on to one of the pontoons. "Although the bridge sagged it was found to be anchored with chains, as well as ropes, so that our expedition, after all, was little better than a failure, delaying Hood only two days. "The three men were captured on the pontoon next morn ing when the planks were being replaced to cover the gaps caused by the sag. "When the pickets came on to the bridge to see what had happened, one cried out, 'The line's broke-^no, cut! that's an other d — Yankee trick.' "The boys were placed in a log prison by themselves, with strict orders to the guards not to allow other prisoners to be put -with them, but this order was broken in the night, and the three prisoners, by disguising theraselves, helped by the escape of three other prisoners through the roof, succeeded in saving their necks for the prison peri. But as for us three poor devils float ing down that cold stream, for two or three miles, clinging to .the canoe. We felt that wewere getting more baths than we had bargained for. At last we drifted on to an island and righted our canoe. Then we moved cautiously on down the stream, until the fires along the river were all left behind and we moved noiselessly toward shore. Seeing soraething white, like a snow bank, we determined to investigate, hoping to find a place to 854 DESTROYING PONTOONS. crawl in until morning. Creeping by the bank, and on our bands and knees cautiously, when within ten feet of us we saw 9, man, stooping over a smoldering fire, from which a white bank of smoke was floating away, and the man was trying to fan it te aflame with his breath. We saw that he was a soldier, arid evidently an outpost, and probably not alonp. Touching my comrades, I signaled them to back out, and back we went, feet foremost, like three great crawfish, into the water and down we floated until we were about eight miles below the bridge. Here we were to have been met by an escort of our own men, but we waited about in the woods until three o'clock next day -when we set out, alone, without rations, without arms, in an enemy's country, and no maps or guides. We had not gone far when we discovered a camp of Confederates, and captured a man with a basket of provisions for General S. D. Lee. This we took back into the swamp and soon put it where it would do the most good — the first food we had eaten since we left camp. "That evening we approached some scattering houses, and found one of them occupied by a negro. While there we saw sorae rebel soldiers go into one of the bouses for supper, and we concluded it was not safe to remain, so we crept along by the fence and when near the houses heard some one say 'whoa.' We had only seen horses there and the voice was like one from the grave. I was in the advance and dropped among the weeds, close beside the road. Presently the voice said, 'Come on, boys, and the soldiers came out, put spurs to their horses and passed within fifteen feet of me, and as it was not yet dark, I felt my time had surely come, but they were looking down the road and passed me by. DESTROYING PONTOONS. 355 "We crept back to the negro's quarters and stayed with him until twelve midnight, when he faithfully led us out on our way, for ten miles, then, directing us as best he could, re turned, to be at home by daylight, fearing to be absent after ward. Wearily that day wore on, as we dodged about from clearing to wood, and from wood across clearing, taking the road when we could see for long distances, and avoiding it in suspicious looking places; often crossing fresh tracks, but meet ing no one until night, when we suddenly came upon half a dozen infantry resting in an old deserted house. Our clothing was turned wrong side out, and we began to pass ourselves off as Georgia cavalry, when one of the boys Weakened, and to a direct question answered: 'Second Michigan cavalry.' "Like a flash six rifles came to the shoulder and — 'surren der.' "What else could we do ? Our hands went up, and then we all sat down together, and they shared with us the best they had, remarking, 'We have heard the second Michigan always treat their prisoners well; we'll do the best we can by you, boys,' and soon we set out for Florence, and were taken before Gen eral Stovall, provost-marshal. His flrst question was: " ' Where've you been ?' " 'Down the lower ford, where we got cut off and were try ing to make our way back to camp.' '"That's a lie. How far will Hood get north ?' "'About to Duck river.' " 'Ha! He will drive you d — Yankees abross the Ohio.' "'Perhaps.' " 'Do you know who it was tried to cut our pontoons ?' « 'I do not.' < 356 DESTROYING PONTOONS. " 'Well, if it's any satisfaction to you,: -we've got three of thera, and the other three were drowned. Sergeant, bring them to me again- in the morning.' "Next day we saw the old citizen whom we had coriipelled to guide us downthe river and he recognized us. This was a new dariger. He was a prisoner, on suspicion, and wanted us to go with him to clear hira of the accusation of being a Union spy, " 'You are mistaken, sir; we did not Come down the river.'' " 'I knew if he told 'his story to the general our game would be up, so I got acquainted with one of my guards, a kind hearted fellow, and throwing myself on his mercy, told him all, and begged him to go and tell the old fool to keep still — he would get clear in a few days. The guard hesitated a moment, and said, 'I believe I will do it' — and he did. "From Florence we were taken to Corinth, and on to- Meridian, and here we got our first glimpse of that perfect hell upon earth — a prison pen. "It was dark when we arrived. The old gate that opened into the stockade pen squeaked on its hinges as it opened for our adraission, and there, huddled together in little groups, in the open air, raud knee deep, crouched 1,200 miserable beings in human form, clothing in shreds; legs and arms half bare;. coatless, hatless^ leaning forward over little miserable fires, their hands shading their eyes, they glared at us like fiends from the infernal regions, and I shuddered as I thought — must I, too, be one of those ? Then the gate closed with a bang, and the startling cry of .'Fresh fish!' rang close in our ears. Next we knew a piece of clothing was cut away from our scanty gar- WIRT ADAMS. 357 ments; then another, and another, until we were arrayed as nearly like the others as possible. Then a voice whispered. 'You raust defend yourselves, or they will strip you,' and we soon learned what was expected of 'Fresh fish.' After a day or two we were considered initiated, and left alone. "To tell the horrors of that place would fill a book, and I don't care to recall them, and will skip the. fare, the filth and the famine; the deaths by hundreds and the living deaths in heaps, trying to keep each other warra; only referring to the miserable, drunken brute in comraand, as a coward, who never dared to meet men in the open field of battle, but trembled at every unusual noise, fearing a revolt. "After being shifted to Cahaba, Alabama, and several other places, sorae of them not so bad, some worse, we at last were sent on our way to be exchanged at Memphis. "The scene of that explosion, on the steamer Sultana, where 1,700 prisoners were either burned to death or drowned, will ever be a living nightmare frora which I would gladly close my eyes, and I will not attempt to describe it; but I was saved among the very few, and exchanged, just as the rebellion was in its last throes, and until to-day, February 22, 1883, 1 have never met one of my comrades who were with me during that terrible imprisonment," COMPLIMENTS TO WIRT ADAMS. When Croxton's brigade was on its way from Tuscaloosa General Wirt Adams came up, on another road, from Pickens- 358 WIRT ADAMS. ville, and ran into Croxton's rear guard accidentally, neithet party knowing previously of the whereabouts of the other. Adams had a force of two divisions (four brigades), and was therefore as strong as Croxton. The rear guard was, unfortu nately, a light cavalry regiment, not armed with repeating rifles, and therefore, lacking in that self-reliance which characterized the second Michigan. They gave way rapidly until driveri in upon the brigade. Croxton would not believe it was anything ' but bushwhackers. He ordered four companies of the Second, under Captain Walter Whittemore, back as rear guard, and CAPTAIN WALTER H. WHITTEMORE. raoved on. Two companies dismounted, and two remained mounted. These checked the advance three times, though the enemy made a gallant charge each time. The raen of Adams's division had evidently never met these troops before. One Confederate officer, near enough to be heard, shouted, "Come on, the d — Yankee cowards won't fight; they'll run!" "But," said a correspondent of the JLouisville Journal, "they stood like statues, and that murderous fire it was almost impossible to face. And they would have stood there all day had not the enemy become satisfled and withdrawn," COLONEL Johnston's diary. 359 A southern paper spoke of it as "a desperate battle in which 300 were killed," but they did not mention the wounded. Soon the rear guard moved on. Then it began to grow dark, and they halted for the enemy to come up to check them once more, that tbey might have the night undisturbed. Two companies dismounted, and forming behind the brow of a hill waited. Soon the Confederates appeared again in full force; Opening a heavy volley the enemy again retreated rapidly, and ;the rear guard moved on, through mud, quicksand and water. Passing on until after dark it was thought prudent to ascertain if the enemy were following, and again the rear guard halted, and soon they carae, and by their conversation it was apparent they were hard hit, for they were telling of one and another that had gone down. They were halted by a random volley in the darkness, and abandoned the chase for the night. LEAVES FROM A DIARY. COLONEL THOS. W. JOHNSTON. The following clippings, abbreviated frora the diary of Colonel Thomas W. Johnston, will doubtless prove interesting 360: coLONBL Johnston's diary, to the gerieral reader for the insight they give to the rough life of a cavalryraan, especially from ap officer wbo was too little self-seeking for his own good: Chickasaw, Alabama, March 17, 1865 — Was relieved, from duty at- headquarters first brigade, first division cavalry, army of the Curaberland, to accept coraraand of the regiraent at the request of Majors Dickinson and Nicholson. * * * March 18 — Assuraed coraraand of the regiment. Received circular directing the comraand to be in readiness to move. One mule allowed for each twenty-five raen to pack rations and ammunition. Six days' rations of coffee, sugar and salt pacjsed in haversacks. Two days' rations salt raeat, three days' rations of hard brfead. On the mules nine days' rations of coffee, five days rations of sugar and salt; four days' rations of hard bread. Dre,w 10,000 rounds of ammunition from Cqlonel Dorr> eigth Iowa, all worthless, wet. March 20 — Weather changed to wind and rain. Forage has given out and can take nothing but hay. Detailed a ser geant and eight men to be relieyed from all duty but pioneer and fighting. Turned over all .Surplus stores, ordnance, quarter masters', etc., to be to be sent back td storehouse at Edgefield.. March 22 — Began to move (the division) at 5:30 a. m. The Second, taking the rear, got off at 6:30. Lost most ot our forage, through neglect of the commander at the front, who made no allowance for closing up after passing obstacles; the front continuing to move on compels the rear to gallop to close up. Passed through Cherokee — two splendid residences and about forty cabins for "niggers and poor white trash." March 23 — Worked all the afternoon to get our trains over a bad hill. goLONEL'- Johnston's DIARY. 361 March 24^ — passed through Frankfort and had better roads :and more forage. Passed through, RusselVille. Pat , of company C, threatened the life of Lieuteriant Woodruff. April 25 — Bonner's Plantation, Georgia, two miles north- -west of Cayrolton, Received papers containing the news of Lee's surrender, and an armistice between Sherraan and John- ¦ston. Numbers of Lee's parolled, soldiers returning tp their homes, April 26 — Crossed the Chattahooche river and arrived at ^Henderson's plantation, Georgia, five railes northwest of New man. This planter claims the benefit of the armistice; respected the same and slept on his stoop. April 27 — 'Griffin's plantation, eighteen miles frora New man, on the Greenville road. Passed through Newman at •seven o'clock a., m. Band playing, flags (what's left of them) flying; citizens came out in their Sunday best, 1,500 'Confederate soldiers came into town while we were passing through and we passed on, through Hughesville and Rocky juQuntains, April 28 — Roads and weather better.. Passed through a .portion of country quite like western New York. Went into -camp near the plantation of the Rev. Mr. Maddox, an Episcopal ininister, April 2,9 — Marched to Barnesville, Georgia; town full of ^x-Confederates returning to their homes. Went into camp ^lear Forsyth, a pretty little town. This town is also filled with -'"Johnnies." April ,30 — March to camp near Macon, Georgia. And, here foUows the routine of camp life, interspersed 362 with the "trial of Pat " for insubordination, the conviction,. sentence to the guard house and camp police duty, the expiratioa of sentence and later the attempt of Pat to "muster out" the officers who sat upon his court martial, and the final tragic death at the hands of Captain Vance, in self-defense. The details of colored troops' organization, and their rush to the camps of the "Yankee sojers" to breathe the new air of freedom would fill a volume. The difficulty of attending the proper restraint of maraud ing bummers, the outrages, robberies and general cussedness of outlaws from both arraies would fill another volume, but does not properly belong in these pages. Captain Tom's method of disposing of a disagreeable sub ject is well illustrated by his memoranda, made while a Captain> at Dandridge: December 24, 1863 — The regiment was ordered to move at two A. M., without the sound of bugles; we go in advance. About worn out with previous duties, and not appreciating that kind of nonsense fbr fun, there was a general listlessness, and it was next to impossible to arouse the men, and some little delay to all the command ensued, causing sorae confusion. The major commanding the regiment was blowed up by the Colonel in command of the brigade; the commander of the second battalion in turn was blowed up, and in turn made a scapegoat of me. I was put under arrest. But about nine o'clock a, m,, just as arrangements were being made for a fight, and I had begun to congratulate myself on being out of one scrape, I was relieved from arrest, ordered to take command of my company and iioon after found things getting interesting on the skirmish line.- COLONEL Johnston's diary. 363 ¦ Drove the enemy's lines back and while waiting for orders made coffee, but orders cameand we began skirmishing again and drove the enemy back about four miles from Dandridge, when we were suddenly attacked in the rear, the force in front having entirely disappeared. We wheeled to the rear, and found the enemy among our led horses, and holding possession of three pieces of our artillery, which we iraraediately recaptured. Finding ourselves attacked in front and rear, with forces double our own, retreat towards New Market through the woods was all that was open to us. After fighting slowly through the woods for some miles I was wounded in the back of my calf. The brigade lost eighty men and one piece of artillery disabled. December 25, 1863— Was brought to New Market last night; moved back balance of the wounded to Strawberry Plains this afternoon; stopped at the house of Mrs. Thomas. December 27 — Knoxville; arrived here at four o'clock a. m. Have been all night coming from the Plains, fifteen miles. This is a new hospital with no conveniences whatever. January 4, 1864 — Going home on wounded leave of absence,. came to Loudon, thirty miles. January 7 — Got a boat from Loudon at seven a. m. ; forty- first Ohio on board, going home; 150 rebel prisoners on board. Stopped along the river several tiraes for the crew to go and get r^ils; very cold. The cabin of the boat is loaded so heavily there is scarcely standing room. January 8 — Arrived at Chattanooga at twelve noon. One rebel prisoner died on board. Stopped the boat and buried him — gave him five minutes. Passed on down the river fromi. Bridgeport. In passing tbrough the rapids the boat bounded. .364 A SCOUT ON FOOT, like a cork. After getting off the boat at Bridgeport came near freezing. Could' not walk and there were no fires., January.9 — Stevenson; came here at three A, m., just in time to see the Nashville train leave. Weather very cold. No stove in the car. Several men perished here from cold and exposure. I shall always be under obligations to Captains Runtan, A. Q. M-> and Rickets, Kelly and Spencer, January 11 — Arrived at Nashville. Kelly was robbed last •night of $300. January 14 — Left Nashville for Louisville., Was not allow ed in first class cars. These were reserved for brigadier- generals, Jew peddlers and harlots, Januaryl5 — Missed connections at Louisville. January 16 — ^Missed connections at Indianapolis. Started for Michigan City at eleven a. m. Freight train off the track at Brookston; waited ten hours, January 17 — Arrived at Michigan City in the niorning. Had ray wound dressed; changed my clothes, etc. January 18— Home (Ma^'shall, Michigan,) at two o'clock a. m. From this it will be seen that it took fourteen days after receiving his furlough, and getting on the way, to accomplish a journey which can be made now in two or three days, and that during this time he, with raany others, was suffering not only from his wound but from imperfect sanitary accoraraodations and the rigors of a severe winter, and treated by railroad men -and guards like a lot of cattle. A SCOUT ON FOOT. In February, 1864, while the regiment was stationed at A SCOUT ON FOOT. 365 Waterloo, Alabama, a detachraeht under Captain T, W. John ston with Lieutenants Shaw and Woodruff started out on foot ¦ to Chickasaw Bluffs to capture a company said to be encamped near there. A negro guide led them to the spot, but they learned their game was nine miles further on. Not to^edis-- couraged they set out through the darkness, with raud knee deep and rain falling. The rebel scouts were found near Price's tanyard. First they captured two mounted men riding along the road, who tried to put Captain Johnston on the wrong track, but they pressed on and when the rebel camp fire was discovered our boys crept near and raade a dash. Captain Johnston proved the best runner, though he sturabled over a log, but he sprung to his feet and dashed up, shouting with all the breath left in- him. His glasses were wet and blurred, and the objects before him scarcely distinguishable, but he brandished his revolver and"- shouted, "Surrender!" — standing all alone over a full corapany of now thoroughly cowed rebels. But he was soon joined by his men, panting for breath, and the pretended sleepers were made to uncover their faces and get up. Throwing the captured arms and saddles upon the fire, our men locked arms with their captives and marched them back to camp, only one escaping as they stumbled along in the dark ness. Why some of our infantry, camped there, should not have been sent on such a dismounted expedition was not explained, but no duty, however disagreeable or unreasonable, was ever shirked by men of the Second. It was an all night trarap, and. as they trudged wearily along the captured horses were made to- .366 "did THEY STING?" ¦ do double duty iu carrying the "lame ducks," and keeping the , stragglers closed up. It is safe to conclude that no more scout- ¦ ing was done on foot by any of that party. "did THEY STING ?" Among the absurd things that were daily occurring along the line of march of our army, not the least were the requests for protection to private property. There was a strong desire among our officers to protect citizens who were strictly non- combatants, but these, unless outspoken Union men, were not so easy to find. ' To suppose that a general could turn his attention from the weighty affairs that were crowding upon his brain, during a pending engagement, to attend to the loss of a chicken or a hive of bees was extremely absurd; yet just such things were ex pected, and almost invariably frora people who had no sympathy with the northern army. Our generals who were taken from the border states saw these absurdities more readily than the more extrerae northern men. During the battie of Franklin, or just as it -w.as about to begin, a citizen who had never been dis tinguished to any alarming extent for his extreme loyalty to the Union cause came to General Croxton and said: "I am looking for General Croxton." "Well, I reckon you are about as near him as you need to -get," turning his head indifferently and looking him over dryly, .recognized him. "Well, your men are carrying off all my beehives." AN INTERRUPTED WEDDING, 9Q'J Turning his head again and looking up at the man out of the corner of his eye, he drawled out in that peculiar inimitable manner of his, "Did they sting ?" and mounting his horse lode .away to attend to his own affairs. AN INTERRUPTED WEDDING. When a detachraent of Croxton's brigade, frora the second Michigan cavalry, charged across the bridge in the night at Tuscaloosa, captured the artillery, scattered the cadets and regu lar Confederate troops stationed there, a squad of men hunting up Confederate officers came upon a house full, with hacks standing about the door. They surrounded the house and a small squad entered, and without attempting to frighten the ladies present told the officers they must leave the untasted banquet and report to General Croxton. The. ladies threw their arms about the soldiers' riecks and begged them not to , take the officers away. It is said that there were in this squad two or three rough fellows who were always looking out for plunder and relieved the ladies; of their gold w'atches while these appealing deraonstrations were being raade. If this was true it was much regretted by General Croxton and the officers and the best portion of tbe men of the Second, but it was not iknown until too late, and the guilty ones could not be brought to justice. The officers were removed, and the captain, .-who had just been married, requested to be shp-wn to General Crqxton's tent. ^68 HORSE SENSE. The meeting between these two officers was most affecting. It appears they had been friends ih Kentucky before the war. "Captain," said the general, "I ara very soriy to raeet you- again under these raost peculiar circumstances." "Yes, general, it is to rae most trying, I assure you; and without asking anything because of our former friendship L simply appeal to you as a gentleman and an officer, to hear my story and if possible parole me. The lady to whom I have just been married is sinking into her grave with consumption. She- requested this marriage before she dies and I have hoped I might prolong her life by the comfort she might gain in being my wife if only for a few months. Of course the excitement of this evening has prostrated her and I only ask to be allowed t6" return and assure her that I will not be sent to a northern prison,. but can remain near her. I belong to the staff of General For rest, and I think under the circumstances you need have no fears of my violating my parole," "You can go; send an escort with him, major." And the captairi reported promptly at nine in the morning- according to promise and was given an indefinite parole, al though it was not then known that Lee had surrendered nor that. Lincoln had been assassinated. HORSE SENSE, Instances of the animal intelligence of the horse were- almost too common in the army to be commented upon, yet HORSE SENSE. 369 memory lingers around the deed of that noble friend of man, and brings with it the recollection of long weary days and nights, plodding through mud, rain, snow, cold, or summer's heat — sweltering, bruised, and hungry, yet faithful and uncora- p'.aining. Do you wonder that there was a degree of affection and syrapathy between soldier and horse that was often touch ing in the extrerae; and as horse and man were often compelled by the exigencies of war to part company, is it any wonder that manly tears dimmed the eye and the voice choked as hand stroked head or neck of the suffering brute? "Poor fellow, must I leave you here ?" "Put him out of his misery." "I can't, boys." And so the poor animal was abandoned by the roadside to die of his wouuds — died for his country! — perhaps alone, but more probably upon the battlefield, with thousands of human beings to mingle their blood with his. If the rider was unhorsed, then the feelings of the horse manifested themselves. If it was during a charge, the horse, true to his education and instincts, kept his place in the ranks till they were broken. Then if left to himself, he was often seen looking, in his raute, appealing way, as if in search of his master. If swept along by the whirling mass of horsemen he kept his place as long as permitted and proved stubborn if his removal was attempted by anyone he had never seen before. An instance of this came under my observation at Boone ville, Mississippi. The enemy had charged upon the dismounted men of the second Michigan cavalry for the fourth or fifth time, when a Confederate officer (said to have been a colonel). 370 LUCKY ESCAPES. mounted upon a fine blooded animal, fell from his horse and the- horse was borne along by his impetuosity througb the ranks of our men. Passing near at the time, in my line of duty as aid- de-camp, mounted, I reached out my hand and caught the loose rein. So long as I rode along or near the front I had no diffi culty in leading him on a sharp gallop, but when I turned to wards the rear, that was another affair. I had to abandon him to some one who had raore time to fool with him than I had. He was taken to camp, however, presented to me by Colonel Sheridan, and proved a fleet-footed, valuable animal, but was stolen at Rienzi by some lover of horseflesh, probably for rae-, ing purposes. LUCKY ESCAPES. When the rebel General Frank Wheeler attempted to cross into Tennessee on his big raid after the battle of Chica mauga, he found it quite difficult to find a crossing. Our cavalry was scattered along in detachments of one company or a ba,t- talion, according to the weakness of the position, and whenever Wheeler presented himself he was met with a sharp resistance. Without atterapting to force a passage he passed on up the river until he got beyond our men, and so passed* around our extreme left. About twenty miles up the river was company K, under Captain Baker. Two citizens came into camp and reported a company organizing across the river, and Lieutenant Sanborn, with ten men and the two citizens, was sent to break them up.. LUCKY ESCAPES. 371 It was a foolhardy piece of business and would not, probably, at that time have received the sanction of the officers higher in command, but that company never seemed to tire of fighting and were ready to volunteer for anything, especially if there was a chance for plunder on the way. Crossing over, they had not passed out of sight but a short time when Captain Baker and his reserves were fired upon; and, looking across the river, there appeared a large force of rebel cavairy. The fire was re turned with spirit, and the enemy passed on up the river in search of an easier ford. The little scouting party was of course at once given up as captured, and Baker passed many hours of unpleasant suspense, cursing his folly in sending them, and ex pecting certain court-martial and disgrace. But the scouts had taken another road, and were far enough away from the river to miss even the sound of firing in their rear. Passing down the valley about ten miles they carae upon the headquarters of the organizing rebels, and dashed upon them, capturing ten, but were not quick enougri to prevent seven from escaping, ' firing over their shoulders as they ran. The horses of the whole party were captured and, taking another route, they set out hastily for carap, expecting every raoraent to be followed by some new force, but they reached the ford in safety long after dark and were beginning to recross, when they were fired upon by their own raen and it was some minutes before Captain Baker could be persuaded they were his scouts. At last he asked, "Is that you, Sanborn ?" and the reply, "Yes, you d — fool, what youfiring at!" came echoing across the river with a dis tinctness truly marvelous. As the scouts had not heard of Wheeler, and the reserves had long since given them up as 372 LUCKT ESCAPES; captured, that meeting on the river bank can only be partly iraagined. It is safe to conclude that Captain Baker never sent out scouts again without consulting those higher in authority. Araong the eariiest receipts of recruits in 1862 was a young boy soldier. His reception by his brother, a lieutenant in the .regiraent (Darrow), was not of the most welcome character. The elder brother felt that one out of the family was enough, and, with the utmost kindness of heart, he regretted the step taken by the younger brother, but endeavored to make the best of it, and kept a watchful restraint over him. , John Morgan came into Kentucky in Deceraber, 1862, and found tbe State coraparatively free from Union forces. Sweep ing north he entered Glasgow, and his doings there and at Ba con Creek have been noted elsewhere in this volurae. Araong Morgan's captures at Glasgow was young Darrow. The prison ers were raarched up the street and halted by the curbstone to- await orders. Whiskey had been flowing freely araong the officers and men of Morgan's command, and while some were dis posed to be facetious others were ugly, and went swaggering and swearing up and down. It was now dark and Darrow noticed with keen eyes his guards were becoming indifferent and reckless. Watching his opportunity he quietly slipped from the ranks. No one appeared to notice hira. He' backed away a step or two. No one said halt, and putting on a busi ness like air he walked away, jumped over a fence and found himself free. Then came the trouble. The enemy had pickets upon every road. Which way the command had gone he could weaer's cove, 373 -only guess. At two o'clock in the morning he had made a successful escape tbrough their picket lines arid found a hiding place in the chamber of a good Union man by the name of iEUington Beck, sorae four miles out of Glasgow, where he re mained till Morgan's forces had raarched from that section, then ^yo'ung Darrow raade his single handed raarch on foot and joined bis own corapany at MuinsfoMville, Kentucky, unharmed except sorae bruises by the fall of his horse during the skirmish, where his coat was shot through the right side and right sleeve, one ball -passing through the side, cutting off a part of the suspender. He had been reported araong the missing and as he crept into -camp at midnight after three days' absence, and made himself inown to his brother, that meeting in the dark can easier be 'imagined than described. WEAER'S COVE. Early in January, 1864, when part of our forces (cavalry) were stationed on the Little Tennessee and the enemy were 'holding Marysville and Severeville, sixteen scouts belonging to Gerieral Ed McCook's headquarters, left camp in the afternoon and set out by a circuitous route for Tuckaleeche Cove, which they reached a little before the mountains shut out the sunlight. Passing rapidly up the little stream that ripples' through this *quiet nook, the early twilight found them at the head of the ¦coye 5 and, alightitig from their horses, a breathing spell was takeh and a consultation -was held. They were in among the 874 weaer's -OOViB. Union raen of East Tennessee, men who knew what it cost to be known as "loyal" — a plain, hardy set of mouatairiieers, who lost no opportunity of gathering about their Yankee friends and offer aid whenever needed. And this time they b.-vd exciting news to tell. The Confederates had sent a squad of twenty men into Weaer's Cove and that afternoon they had gone iu, "just a bit above," and were foraging upon the poor settlers. The good wives and daughters prepared a hearty supper for our boys, served out upon the jutting rocks near their dwelling. The scouts were mostly second Michigan men, in charge of a non-coramissioned officer, and they were mostly young men, raere boys sorae of them. Robert McDougall was looked-upon as a leader among thera, and to him two of the boys came, and in a whispered consultation asked to be allowed to go over into Weaer's Cove and .ascertain as to the truth of the rumor. These were Robert Crotty and a boy from the second Iowa cavalry named Farnsworth. The latter was an effeminate look ing boy, vvith fair face, blue eyes and an altogether too delicate look for so daring an undertaking. "It is getting very dark," said McDougall, "and the horses are too much jaded for more work to-night than is absolutelj necessary." But they concluded to go, and taking witb them eight of the home guards they set out on foot. "Remember, now, boys, we are nearly in rear of the enemy» and a mistake might be fatal to us all," said Mack. "If you discover them, return at once that we may all aot together." weaer's covb. 375 - '*A11 right," and away they went out silently into the mountain passes. The fires were put out (all but one, that was thought suffi ciently obscured by the overhanging rocks), and folding them selves in their blankets, and hugging their guns in their arms they reclined against rocks and trees to await the return of their scouts. Says McDougall : "Some hours had passed, during which I had slept with one eye and an ear open, when I felt a gentle touch, and looking up saw the anxious face of a woman, as the faintly glimmering camp fire shone upon her. Bending over me she whispered: 'Isn't it time they were back? It is now past midnight.' " 'Yes, they should be here; have you heard any firing T " 'No.' " 'The air is very clear; we could hear it if there had been.' '"I think so.' ¦ "Presently a noise was heard. The raen sprang to shelter ed points. A clatter of hoofs was heard on the rocks above. " 'The men took no horses with them.' " 'No,' she faintly whispered. "Louder came the clatter. " 'Halt!' 'Friends,' rang out the cheery voice of Crotty and before we had time to say more they were among us, with seventeen unarmed Johnnies and twenty good mules and Horses. " 'Any One hurt?' " 'No. You see. Mack, we did intend to come back, as we 3, but when we reached the top of the mountain we saw a 376 weaer's- COVBi fire; down iri the cove, and we crawled along on our hands and knees, expecting every raoraent to corae upon their guard, but -when we got near the house of Mr. , we came suddenly upon those chaps all snoozing around a comfortable fire, and a little to one side were all these mules and horses. We looked again, hardly believing they had no sentinel out in such an open place. "'Presently I crawled up to the nearest one and touched him. He opened his eyes and looked into ray navy. He knew what to expect and quietly got up. I touched the next. The same surprise and tbe same result, and the next, until every one of , thera stood up like a row of cobs and not a word was spoken. " 'No more in sight, so we drew the wagons togethery broke the guns and set fire to the heap. Then we started back, bringing the horses and men witb us. As we passed the house Farnsworth asked me if any one had been to the house. "No." "Then I am going back." "Don't; we have got all we can attend to now, besides, you may get hurt." But he was bound to go; so he hitched his horses under a tree and tbat's the last we have seen of him. "After waiting some little time, we got anxious and were about to go in search of him, when we again heard the clatter of hoofs, and Farnsworth dashed among us. " 'There,' said he, 'that's what I got,' and he threw down a large revolver, and an old wallet. " 'I killed the cuss, and took these from him. Let's see, what's this? — some Confed — what's this ? — an order to Serg'eant ¦ , to take twenty men and go into Weaer's Cove. By oi"der brigadier-^general.' " 'Now, Farnsworth tell us what you did.' • weaer's cove. 377 " 'Well, when I got to the house I looked through the /window and saw an old woman, elbows on her knees, face in her lands, bending over a diraly burning fire of pine knots. Just back off her I thought I saw a pair of boots and what looked /like two raen under a blanket. I tapped on the window. The -woman straightened up and said, "What's wanted ?" "Tell those men to corae out;" and I stepped frora the window so as not to be seen. Two men got up and came to the door. As one of them stepped on tothe stoop I could just see bis outlines; his land was down by his side. I brought up my old Spencer and -said Surrender. He raised his arra and fired into my face. The ball just grazed ray teraple. I guess you can see the burnt mark there. It staggered rae, but, before he could 'fire again, I fired. He fell on the floor. , Then I heard the other raan rush for the back door and I hurried around and headed hira off. Back he came to the front door and before I could get a chance .at him he was gone, out in the dark. Then I searched my man. -Only one shot out of his revolver. A brave soldier, and he -deserved a better fate, but I had to do it. Why didn't he sur render ?' "Well, Farnsworth, you have done well, but you took too many chances. And now, boys, this detail calls for twenty men. We have but seventeen here. The others probably heard the -firing, and detachments will be sent from Marysville and Severe ville to head us off. W^ must be away from here by sun up. Woman, can you get us some breakfast?" "Yes, yes,"-^and before the sun was peeping oyer the hills *w6 were well down the cove. "To continue the main read through the foot hills, as We STB A BULL RUM HERO. came, was dangerous, so we turn to the left, paas over thft mountain into Cade's Cove, to follow the summit oif Chilhowie mountain and strike the Little Tennessee about twenty-six miles above our forces. We had scarcely left the main road when our rear guard came up and said: 'The rebs are coming up from Marysville, about 200 strong,' "Up, up, the zigzag path we toil and were scarcely at the- top when the rebels reached the base of the mountain. "A citizen stood watching the enemy from a projecting i-ock at the roadside near the summit. He gave a shrill blast from his horn and was answered back from every dwelling in the ¦cove. Then the inhabitants were seen in every direction climb ing the mountain side where horses could not go. We were not yet at the top of old Chilhowie when we looked back and saw the Johnnies on the ridge between Tuckaleeche and Cade's Cova — the one we had just left. "They heard the horns, saw us down in Cade's Cove; stood a few moments as if bewildered then turned to the left and passed over into Weaer's Cove, leaving us to quietly return to- camp with our prisoners and booty, to the no little surprise and gratification of our commander." A BULL RUN HERO. Among our officers was on* wbo, it was said, had shown skill and bravery as an officer in a Miiehigan regiment at BuU Run 5 but thie memory, of that demoralizing race for life clung A LIITELT PRISONER. 379" to hihi. He never could stand; but his legs, or those of his horse were always sure to bear him away whether his men followed him or not, and at last he left tbe gory field to those wbo did not know enough to run. A LIVELT PRISONER. When the regiment was within about three miles of Eliza bethtown, Kentucky, on its scout, October, 1862, it was reported that a company of Confederate recruits were in camp near a road leading to the left, and Captain Smith, with company D, was sent to capture thera. Away they went on the gallop, and sooner than they expected came upon the "doughty warriors" fast asleep undei- a beech tree, with their arms inconveniently stacked a short distance away. As our men came near them, a few awoke- in time to shout, "The Yankees are coming," and all succeeded in getting away to the bush without their arras, except their captain, who sprang up, and seizing a double-barreled shot gun, cocked it and leveled it at Captain Ben Smith, who cried out to- Mm, "Surrender or you're a dead man," and seeing too many against him the rebel concluded "discretion was the better part of valor" and threw down his gun. Placing Lieutenant Buddington in charge of the prisoneT,. Captain Smitb, witb bis company, pursued the scattering John nies and had tbe satisfaction of securing about twenty of tbem. In the meantime Lieutenant Buddington had become a little u-tieasy with bis one prison-er, and bega-ri to move around towards the arms to g^et between them and his captive, holding in his. ,380 4 I'LAG OF TRUCE. hand the while a revplver, ready for service.. .Taking advantage of- an unguarded moraent the pris-jner sprang upofa the Lieuten- - ant,! and with a death like grip , caught, the muzzle of the revolver, but the Lieutenant held firm and -in the struggle the piece was discharged, carrying away two of the prisoner's fin gers. That scheme was at orice abandoned, and another put as rapidly into execution, showing the fellow to be a man of pluck in an emergency. He jumped away from his Yankee antagonist (still raounted), and running behind a wagon, dodged hither .and thither from expected bullets, when, to his infinite satisfac tion, a rarapageous hog carae to the rescue, dodging between the legs of tbe horse, neatly dismounting the Lieutenant, landing borse and raan in a promiscuous heap, from which the Lieutenant arose, no little chagrined to find hiraself minus a prisoner, and the Captain, with his company, returning just in time to join in the laugh, which even the rebel prisoners enjoyed, The Lieutenant's only remark was, "By thunder-!: if that feller will send rae his card, I'll give bim this d- — old pistol, to j)ay for the fingers he left behind." A FLAG OP TRUCE. In the latter part of July, 1862, while we were encamped -near Rienzi, Mississippi, the necessity for an exchange of prison ers was acknowleclged^ and General Granger, with part of his. staff, accompanied by Colonel Sheridan, and a part of his staff (Colonel Sheridan having been recommended for proinotipn to ¦brigadier-general,, and acting as such), set out with an escort pf .thirty mounted men, bearing the, -white flag of peace; in search A FLAG OP TRUCE, 381 of the Confederate headquarters. The raost strict order was maintained throughout that long day, and not a sign of scout . or picket was met with until tbe sun was nearly set and we brought up at a little burg thirty miles south, known as Gun town. The column was halted at the outpost and a courier dispatched to headquarters announcing Yankee visitors. With out much delay orders ' were returned to escort the officers to headquarters, the men being shown a pleasant camping ground near by, with a clear spring of cool water at hand and an abun dance of food for horses. Such a quiet little nook among the hills and trees was rarely raet with, and our raen were not slow to settle theraselves down to a night of perfect rest and enjoy ment; and though a guard of Confederates was detailed to re main with them, the most courteous hospitality was extended and received in good faith. The officers were invited to private houses near by and tables were spread with the best the land afforded. Piano music and songs — including"Star Spangled Banner"" and "The Bonny Blue Flag" — were given with zest, and to the sharp raillery of the young ladies good natured responses were - given by the gentlemen in blue, and the evening wore away very pleasantly and we were given the "best beds" and wished a pleasant gbod night. Where Generals Granger and Sheridan passed their evening and what official acts were consummated was not for us subalterns to know; but we retired in such perfect peace of mind that we were sprry to awaken on the morrow and dispel this pleasant dream. But with, the morning, after a hearty breakfast, our 382 SCOUTING IN NORTH CAROLINA, escort was at the door, and mounting, our adieus were spoken to the ladies, while the blue and gray paired off and moved away side by side, chatting, not gaily, but with a subdued feeling of mingled sadness and pleasure, ' For were we not — to day friends and brothers, yesterday and to-morrow enemies, whom to shoot on sight was our sworn aim and intent ? At their outpost a short halt was made, brief words of hope for another and raore lasting peaceful raeeting were expressed; hands were pressed in warra and earnest friendship; hats were lifted in courteous salute, and we filed out with our backs to our foe. Out of respect to this friendly meeting not a scout was raade on either side for many days, and soon after thousands of prisoners from both sides were exchanged at Memphis. SCOUTING IN NORTH CAROLINA. While the cavalry division under General Ed McCook lay at Severeville, East Tennessee, frequent scouting expeditions were made by his picked scouts, and one day in January, 1864, a glorious bright winter's day, eight of this little band of scouts mostly second Michigan cavalry, with some from the eighth Iowa, first Wisconsin or third Indiana, went over the mountains, watching for roving bands of the enemy. Passing over into North Carolina they looked back from one of the peaks and could plainly see Knoxville, Dandridge and Mossy Creek, thirty-five railes away. Below them, sweeping across the valleys, were occasional white clouds that looked very harmless and SCOUTING IN NORTH CAROLINA. 383 Ttei-y beautiful, but as they swept up and, over the face of the mountains, these lowland scouts were given the new sensation of a cloud bath, a wet experience, but quickly passed; and as the sun burst through again they moved on down into the enemy's country. Keenly alert to every sound or sign of an arabush frora bushwhackers or more formidable bands of the eneray they pick their way through that broken country, and finding nothing set out on their return. Suddenly a lagging scout comes rush ing up from the rear and shouts, "A whole corapany of cavalry are after us." The odds were against thera and they dash away to gain a more sheltered position. A horse stumbles, throwing his rider heavily, and the others check tbeir speed to give their unfortunate corarade time to raount and come up. He was unable to raount, but hobbles along at a painful step, and see ing they must make a stand or lose a man they turn fiercely at bay. Fortunately they had entered a gorge, high rocks tower ing on either hand and a bend of tbe road in their rear. As quick as thought those rifles are brought to the shoulder and the foremost of the pursuers brought to the ground, men and horses all in a confused mass. A sergeant and one raan (a recognized bushwhacker), unable to check their speed, but missing the flrst discharge are among them. A continuous volley from the seven shooters warns the Confederates that they have no faint hearted boys to deal with, and all that could get back were not slow in doing so, leaving our scouts to retire at their leisure without losing a man or horse. Among the nuraber was a mere boy, who had no other weapon'than a cavalry saber. "Shall I charge tbem ?" said he. 384 DODGING SHELLS. The absurdity of the proposition was too much for the ser geant in command. "Yes," said he, laughing, and at it be went; riding fiercely' down upon an officer he cut and slashed at the Confederate's- neck until they all fled, the man's head appearing squarely onr his shoulders not much the worse for his encounter; but he was seen a few days after with his throat bound up, and our boy had' the satisfaction of knowing tbat he bad at least made a saber- charge and drawn blood. The scouts soon returned to carap without further adven ture, but such deeds of daring were not uncoraraon to them in* that wild disputed territory. DODGING SHELLS. It rarely occurred that shot from a cannon in any form- could be dodged,; yet such incidents did occur, and no doubt- oftener than would be thought possible. It must be done: when the shot or shell is coming directly towards you, otherwise- it could npt be seen. Stand directly behind a piece of artillery when it is fired, the smCke of battle not yet so thick as to- DODGING SHELLS. 385 cloud the vision, and there is no trouble infollowing the flying mis sile throngh the air if the eye is quick. And some have asserted their ability to follow even a rausket ball in its flight if the range is not too short. A case of dodging was witnessed at Thorap son's station tbat was peculiarly exciting ' for a few moraents. The flring had just began to wax warm, when a shell that would have been "too high," struck the large branch of a tree and glancing downward was seen a hundred yards away, coming end over end, with that peculiar whir-r-r which plainly indicates it is not flying "point blank." An officer standing a short dis tance in front of his squadron, and seeing at once that his legs and the body of his horse would be hit, slashed his horse with the spur and shouted to the officer in his rear and the men near bim: "Look out!" Those who were at "attention" did move slightly, and es caped, but one horse, slower than tbe rest, caught it on the knee, breaking his leg; but so many obstructions proved too much for the shell and it stopped. Knowing it to be a conical or long shell, from its peculiar noise, an explosion was expected, and those nearest held their breath while they stood in that peculiar attitude a person would naturally assume if he saw a lighted raatch fall into a powder magazine, ten feet away. It is useless to speculate as to raen's bravery and what they would do in trying raoments like that. No man, in his right mind, but looks upon this world as preferable to a world of which he knows nothing except by an eye of faith, and so with thr.t first law of nature uppermost in his- mind, he steps aside, if 386 WHO HIT CHALMERS AT BOONEVILLE? by SO doing he can save his life and continue in the line of duty. One man, Captain H , more foolhardy than the rest, without stopping to think whether the fuse was still burning or not, picked up the shell with the reraark, "Why the darned thing hairUt bust," ahd held it in his hand until warned that it raight possibly "bust" yet, when he threw it away, and in a few' rainutes thereafter we had soraething else to do besides "dodg ing shells." UNEXPLODBD SHELLS. Frightful accidents soraetimes occurred in camp by the careless handling of old shells picked up on the battle field. At New Madrid sorae infantryraen had reraoved the fuse from a thirty-two pounder and allowed the powder to be scattered along on the ground; this became ignited by a cigar dropped from the hand of a comrade and the trail of powder flashed, extending to the shell, and blowed two men into eternity. WHO HIT CHALMERS AT BOONEVILLE ? At the eleventh hour an interview with merabers of the second battalion has given some additional light upon the rout-, ing of Chalmers at Booneville, Mississippi, July 1, 1862. Twenty-four men of company L, with about tbe same num bers from companies M, H and one corapany from the second Iowa cavalry, all under the comraand of Major Alger, gained the rear of the left wing of Chalmers's forces. Captain Wells, of corapany L, led the charge and they were soon among the RUNNING THE GAUNTLET. 387 Gonfederates, 'cutting, slashing and shouting, and the enemy were immediately thrown into confusion and began a stampede. Then the Confederates' main forces charged back upon the little battalion of one hundred men and all moved back, firing pro miscuously at close range and in a confused mass. The eneray made no special effort to capture, but each party seemed anxious to leave the other, and our battalion, taking the first road lead ing off to tbe right, soon found themselves free from the enemy, the woods concealing the real strength or weakness of our force. But it was a free fight from the start, and many were either killed or wounded on both sides. Company L lost six raen by capture (their horses were shot), one raan was killed and fifteen wounded. Lieutenant Hutton's horse was killed and he was wounded, but escaped with the aid of a lieutenant of the second Iowa. Major Alger was injured, but escaped. The few prisoners captured thought the inoveraent on their rear was to draw tbem into a trap and thought our force was very rauch larger than they bad at first supposed. They con tinued their rapid retreat for ten railes before going into carap. Our little battalion returned leisurely. RUNNING THE GAUNTLET. While the second battalion, under Major Dickey, was re tiring before John Morgan, with 4iis 4,000 mounted men, from Glasgow to Murafordsville, Kentucky, Sergeant Henry Wood ruff, with six men forraing the extrerae rear guard, was cut off by a party of scouting flankers. Telling the men to follow 388 A corporal's guard makes a reconnaissance. him he put spurs .to his horse and dashed down the road. Throwing down his reins he drew his revolver in one band and an old single barreled horse pistol in the other and not a shot was fired until he was fairly among . the rebels, when he fired right and left. The scouts appearently raistook him for one of their own raen and not until he had passed them did they re cover from their astonishment and opened fire upon him with carbines, pistols, rauskets, shot guns loaded with buckshot, but he dashed away unscathed and was received on tbe next hill by his own raen with loud cheers. The other six men lacked the nerve to attempt the perilous ride and were all captured. A regiment of such men as Sergeant Woodruff would have rode tbrough an army vrithout hesitation. A corporal's guard makes a reconnaissance. Were it not that war is a serious business the following ac count of a reconnaissance by a mere handful of raen would sound ridiculous, but so far frora that being the fact it was as impor tant in its results as though the whole division had gone : A small detachraent of company F was sent out in charge of private Bradford (corporals -were too scarce to throw away on sraall affairs) to ascertain the position of the eneray at Varnell's station. The advance was rapid, raounted, firing as they neared the advanced skirraishers, and driving them be hind the first line of infantry, who, in turn, fell behind their earthworks as the little squad dashed across the field, through the woods and up to tbe very cannon's mouth, and a row of UNDER ARREST. 389 muskets poured forth a sheet of fire and lead that ought if properly directed to have swept them from the earth, but strange to say not a raan was killed, though sorae were more or less injured. The eneray came out, and following on, back through the town, drove our little squad doggedly frora cover to cover until the crest of a hill was reached ; a few of the regi ment came up; rocks, rails and logs were hastily thrown up as a breastwork; tbe horses sent to the rear and on coraes a brigade of Confederate infantry. The order was given to "fire low and give it to 'era lively," and at six rods' distance the slaughter begun. The Confederates broke and run, demoralized by a handful of green troops, al though it would be difficult to make tbem believe there was not a brigade of Yankees behind that teraporary breastwork. A citizen reported five of the eneray killed and twenty wounded. UNDER ARREST. When the veterans of tbe Second reached Chattanooga, on a wet, disagreeable afternoon of April, 1864, they were sent by Colonel Sraith to a point raost convenient to the depot, under command of an officer, to select the most available qriarters that could be found, while the Colonel went to look after necessary papers for transportation home, and if possible, procure a tem porary shelter from the rain. No preparations had been raade, and the outlook was gloomy enough. Their tents and camp equipage had been left behind, and there seeraed only one alternative^-to "skirmish" 390 UNDER ARREST. for boards or anything that could cover them. They happened to be near the headquarters of a coliSUel of colored troops. Without knowing or caring who the comfortd?bly quartered officer was they comraenced to gather in all the boards, fencing, pickets, etc., within reach. A company A raan was picking up a board near the colonel's quarters, when the colonel rushed out, and jumping with all his weight upon the board, crushed the man's fingers. This was raore than corapany A could stand, and without recognizing, in the darkness, tbat it was an officer with whom they had to deal, the valiant colonel was felled by a single blow of the fist, and they went on with their construction corps; a fe-w of the men and most of the officers finding quar ters in bouses and hotels. Soon Colonel Sraith received an order to report to General Thoraas's headquarters, which was proraptly complied with, when General Whipple inforraed him that bis regiraent had been guilty of unheard of outrages, depredations, etc., be.-ides seriously injuring the " colored colonel," and that his regiraent would be put under arrest in the raorning, their furlough taken frora thera and the regiment otherwise punished. Colonel Smith used his best arguments to change the decree, but all in vain. One side of the story had been heard and there appeared to be no extenuating circumstances. The Colonel said he would be responsible for all damages, but that would not do. The Colonel was suffered to return to his quarters for the night, with instructions to be at headquarters in the morning. The news that the second Michigan cavalry were to be dis armed and put under arrest had created quite a stir in camp. Their fame as a fighting regiment was widely known, and it was ONE DAT NEARER ATLANTA. 391 hinted throughout the carap that there would be a fight. Gen eral Steadraan, in coraraand of the post, was ordered to make the arrest. It was evidently a disagreeable duty for the old soldier, for he was a hard fighter himself. But he ordered out a regiment of infantry and two pieces of artillery, placing them in a position coraraanding the camp of the Second. He then ordered the Second into line, ai-ras in baud; and though a brave soldier, he turned pale as he looked into the eyes of those 315 scar worn veterans standing before him. Stating to the men, in a few words, his duty, in a voice full of emotion, he ordered them to stack their arms. Only for a moment the turbulent, rebellious spirit welled np in their hearts, and promptly the arms were stacked, the long agony over, though there was many an eye racist with indignation on the one side and sympathy on the other. Every man felt that he could afford to leave the redress for their wrongs to their record in the past, and sure justice in the future. They took their disgrace lightly, almost indifferently, and in twenty-four hours were released and on their way home. The damages were assessed at $5, and paid, so ending the first and only unpleasantness with our own troops. ONE DAT NEARER ATLANTA. The following memorandum copied from the diary of a. private soldier of corapany F, second Michigan cavalry, gives us a glirapse intothe every day life of the soldier during that memorable campaign: 392 WHT CHEATHAM DID NOT GET THERE. June 4 — A detail of fifteen picked men under private Brad ford was sent to take a rebel picket post on our left. It proved a strong position and we had a hard struggle to dislodge them. La Bean, Vliet, Helraer and Blackmer bore themselves like heroes, forcing the fighting frora the start. This was a hard day's work and we were without rations. Relieved about 7 p. M. Rebel loss, three killed and wounded and three prisoners. WHY CHEATHAM DID NOT GET THERE. General Hood, in his book, "Advance and Retreat," bears down heavily upon Cheathara for not taking possession of the turnpike and cutting off Schofield's retreat from Columbia to Franklin. The following from a raeraber of corapany M, second Michigan cavalry, has but recently come to hand, in fact after the MS. was in the bands of the printer, and it could not, there fore, appear in the proper plac^. He says: "Company M had been left the night before on picket at tbe crossing of Duck river, and was ordered to stay as long as possible and then follow the regiment towards Franklin . They stayed until the enemy's cavalry was on three sides of them in strong force, and the enemy's infantry was in sight, when they made their way (skirmishing along and keeping the rebel cavalry at a comfortable distance) back to Columbia and gave the alarm and then moved out east of the town, where the enemy were also appearing in strong force. We ¦ repulsed' their advance CHEATHAM AND FRANKLIN. 393 -skirmishers several times, but fell back before their raain lines, fighting as long as possible, ,until sorae of our infantry carae to •our relief; and we checked the enemy until the trains got a little start A very stubborn fight was kept up until dark, when the eneray bivouacked for the night, and our trains passed a,long the pike towards Franklin, with a sraall force of our infantry and our one company of cavalry ready to dispute the road until the last wagon had gone on, not long before day light" While it is more than probable that Cheathara would have forced his way to that pike it is also evident that he had a few ¦desperate raen to contend against, who fully understood and appreciated the dangers that threatened our trains, and had Cheathara taken possession of the pike he would have found it necessary to indulge in soraething raore than an ordinary little skirmish, and that, too, with darkness coming on to aid the troops on the defensive. •GENERAL CHEATHAm's STORY OF THB BATTLE OP FRANKLIN "the most desperate hand to hand contest of THE WAR." A correspondent of the Cincinnati Enquirer recently visited the battle field of Franklin, Tennessee, in company with General Cheatham, who comraanded a Confederate corps in the action of November 30tb, 1864. General Cheathara said: "I had the largest corps in that army — something less than fljOOO men. Hood's disposition of his forces for that fight was: 394 CHEATHAM AND FRANKLIN. The corps I was directing on the left and center, Stewart's corps on ray right, and Stephen D. Lee's corps in reserve. .Mj •dispo sition was: General Bate on the extreme left. General J. C, Brown with my old di-yJsiaH on tbe left of the Columbia pike, with his jigbt resting on that road, Cleburrie on the right of the same pike, with his left resting on it. As General Bate had a long road around to the left, I waited sorae time after he started before giving the order to advance. Finally the line moved! forward. Brown and Cleburne were to stop as tbey reached the open field at the foot ot Winstead's hill. I rode forward to its summit as they moved, and established my headquarters there, and waited for the troops to pass over." "It was the grandest sight I ever saw when our army marched over the hill and reached the open field at its base. Each division unfolded itself into a single line of battle with as much steadiness as if forming for dress parade," said ex-Gov ernor Porter, who was in those days General Cheatham's chief of staff. He was looking over the hill from Winstead's hill ^s he spoke, and seeraed to recall the events of the day, and again pass them iri reviert' before his mind's eye. "As I look over this field to-day," he continued, "it seems as though I can almost witness the pageant over again. Tbe raen were tired, hungry, footsore, ragged, and many of them barefooted, but their spirit was admirable. Bear in raind that it was the first time the two divisions of Cheatham's corps — Cleburne's and Brown's — had met side by side in full view' of each other in an open field, with the advantages for desperate work equally balanced between them. For years each had contended for the right to wear the name of the crack division of that army, and the faces of both raen and CHEATHAM AND FRANKLIN. 395 officers seemed to say: 'Here is a field upon which the right shall be decided.' " "Yes," broke in General Cheatham, "fight was not only in , those two divisions, but in the whole army that day. Don't you reraeraber. Porter, that as they wheeled into the line of battle, in full view of the enemy, their precision and railitary bearing were asi)-eHuti&il.a.iight_as was ever witnessed in war? I could see that tbe Federal line was short and curved and I knew that we could easily cover it by going forward in line of battle by brigades. So this information was made before the time to charge carae. "Before moving our troops from Winstead's hill I had" arranged with both Cleburne and Brown, the two divisions under ray eye, to give them the word with a flag when to raove. When their lines swung into position they corrected tbeir align ment and then faced toward me, waiting for the signal to advance. A raoraent of suspense to see thai, everything was ready, then the flag dropped, and the line raoved forward as steady as a clock. It was two miles and a quarter from the^ starting point to the main Federal line, and our advancing- column was in full view frora General Schofield's position and from the intrenched line of the Union troops at the Carter house nearly every foot of the way. My twenty^f our pieces of artillery followed the advancing troops, and occasionally drop ped a shell into the Federal lines. There was no halt from the time our force started until it struck the Federal breastworks.. A regiment was thrown out as skirmishers in advance of each of my divisions. They struck Wagner's two brigades posted a . half mile in advance of the main position, and as they gave- 396 CHEATHAM AND FRANKLIN. way our raain line followed thera right in on to the Federal breastworks. I lost hardly a man until within fifty yards of the intrenchments. The fleeing men froin the two brigades posted in their front kept the fire off from our troops until after their men got behind the main line. Our line of battle followed thera in. The Federals could not fire upon it until it was -within very close range. Our advancing line must have been visible, not only to the Federal commanders, but to all of their troops in the fortifications for nearly an hour before it struck Wagner. Had it not been for the protection the two brigades "that were in advance gave our men. Cox would have mowed ray line with artillery frora the moraent I started until I reached his main works. As it was, our troops marched for an hour in full view of the eneray without any raolestation to speak of, except a little harmless artillery fire from the fort whei^e Schofield had his headquarters. The' same may be said of Stewart's corps that was on my right, and also in full view. I followed and watched my line closely, and then took up my headquarters on Merrill's hill, a sharp knob within musket range of the fight. Hood was jiist back of me on the pike. "It would be impossible to describe the operations on this field after the raen got together. It was the bloodiest battle of the war. I lost six general officers killed and two wounded. Cleburne was our greatest^ loss. He was a capital soldier. He had sorae unpleasantness about Spring Hill with Hood, and I think was a little raore daring than usual that day. It was reported to rae that he had some words with the commander of the array just before going into battle. 'The charge of the two divisions of ray corps, my old division CHEATHAM AND FRANKLIN. 397 commanded by General J. C. Brown, and Cleburne's, com manded by himself, was one of the most desperate and gallant of the war. Arms were trailed until time to give the steel came, when the order to charge was given simultaneously by Cleburne and Brown. "The men marched to the terrible work with perfect pre cision and great spirit and determination. Cleburne's horse was killed under him just after the charge begun. With sword in hand he sprang to the front of his raen, encouraging them with his words and example. Just before he reached the Federal- works he was shot dead. Poor fellow. He never reached the enemy's earthworks toward which he was leading his men. He fell right here," said the old general, as be pointed to a spot not far from the old gin-house. "Here one of tbe best soldiers that ever drew a sword, gave up his life." The veteran's eyes moistened as he looked at the place in the open field where his friend was slain, but Mr. Carter, who owns the farm, has marked the spot, as every one who visits this field asks: "Where did Pat Cleburne die ?" It is now obscured by the footprints of peace. After a moraent General Cheathara turned from the field toward the road, and running his eye along the line said: "A little further to the right, looking toward Franklin, and around on the other side of the gin-house. General John Adams, of Stewart's corps, was killed on his horse astride the Federal breastworks. Scott, of the same corps, was also slain near there. General Cockrell, now United States senator frora Missouri, and General Quarles were also wounded there. Stewart's corps did desperate work that day, and fully divided the honors with ray own troops. Brown, who coramanded my old division, was ,.398 CHEATHAM AND FRANKLIN. wounded early in the fight, after Cleburne was killed; and of my brigade commanders Gordon was captured, Granberry, Gist, Strahl and Carter were killed — a greater mortality of general -officers than was ever known during the war when au equal num ber of tropps were engaged ? The corps I comraanded lost eight generals, killed and wounded, and Stewart lost five. About dark Ed John's division of Stephen D. Lee's corps, that was in reserve, was sent to the support of Brown and did some hard fighting. General Manigault, of that division, was wounded. General Bate, who went to the left, had a long and rough road to travel to reach his position, but he went into battle on the left just about dark and had a sharp engagement. "Artillery played but a small part in this battle. We had very little chance to use ours, except during the advance, and the Federals had very little chance, to use theirs. The artillery in the fort on the opposite bank of the river did a little damage to Stewart, but that was about all. "It would be irapossible to describe this battle, for it was fought in such close quarters, and the work was so exacting upon both arraies, that there was not a second for hesitation and thought. Frora the moraent Warner's two brigades got be hind the raain line, so tbat they could shoot without killing their -own raen, the Union troops poured a most destructive fire into our ranks. General Brown, on the left of the pike, from the direction in which we were advancing, carried a, portion of the first line of earthworks in the first charge, and held his advan tage to the last. He also pushed the whole of his line right up against the Federal works, and so intrenched himself that the .fighting raen were so close together that they could reach across CHEATHAM AND FRANKLIN. 399 from one line to the other. Brown's division suffered terribly. He gained position and held it under the raost trying circum- -stances. "Cox's position was naturally a strong one, and he added to its strength by taking advantage of every point in building his earthworks. The line which Brown struck sloped quite sharply to the left from the cotton gin around beyond the Carter house. The earthworks on the right hand side of tbe pike, as he ap proached, were so built the force in it could enfilade his whole line as it reached the Fedeiral position on tbe left of the pike. As Brown charged it a terrible enfilading fire frora these works was poured into his raen. It was very destructive, and to save theraselves as much as possible his troops raade breastworks of the dead bodies of tbeir fallen corarades until they could throw up earth to protect theraselves. "The battle was short, but desperate. I lost a greater num ber of men, according to the number engaged, than in any bat tle of the war, except Murfreesboro. The real fight only lasted about two hours, but tbere were sharp assaults on both sides until ten o'clock. About eleven tbe Federals withdrew, and about two o'clock I made into the town and got something to eat, the first I had tasted that day. Just at daybreak I rode upon the field, and such a sight I never saw and can never expect to see again. The dead were piled up like shocks of wheat, or scattered about like sheaves of grain. The fierce flame of battle had nearly all been confined within a range of fifty yards, except the cavalry fight on the other side of the river. Alraost under your eye, nearly all the dead, wounded and dying lay. In front of the Carter house the bodies lay in heaps, and to the 400 CAVALRT AND GUNBOATS. right of it a locust thicket had been raowed off by bullets, as if by a scythe. It was a wonder that any raan escaped alive from that storra of iron raissiles. A raan who counted the dead told rae tbat there were over fifteen hundred bodies in the narrow space on the right and left of the pike; 900 Confederates and something over six hundred Union. I spent two years in the- Mexican war and four years in the late confiict. I never saw anything like that field, and never want to again. "It is all over now, and these are only reflections upon a sad subject. I did not come here to talk of thera, but to show you the position of our troops and point out where we began: and ended. This is the first time I have visited this battle-field since the fight took place, and I have talked more of the events- of the war to-day than during all the past fifteen years. I have- never read a true story of this battle. It will be hard to write one. I should have added to what I said about a visit to the- field next morning at daybreak that we buried the dead, cared_ for the wounded men of both sides as best we could, and then. moved cn to the battle at Nashville." CAVALRT AND GUNBOATS. It was at New Madrid, in those "verdant" days, when vol unteers knew no raore fear than the average youth knows of" the dangers of Fourth of July pyrotechnics. A battalion of the Second was sent to reconnoiter towards the river where the Confederates were known to have forts, gunboats and troops. The battalion charged upon the pickets, driving them in and fol- CAPTURING OUTPOSTS. 401 lowing them down a lane, which led thera into a pen surrounded by a strong fence, from which there was no escape except by the way they came. The lane brought thera up short in a yard strongly inclosed by a high fence and here they found thera selves in close proximity to a gunboat which iramediately pro ceeded to "unload," and would, doubtless, soon have annihilated tbe raajor with his foolhardy battalion, had not the general commanding sent word": "What in blankety blank are you doing down there ? Charging gunboats ? Git out!" The major returned, with a much less exalted opinion of his own valor, and possibly with a grain or two of wisdom stored away for future use. CAPTURING OUTPOSTS. That was a nervous sort of a place to put a handful of raen — two railes southwest of Rienzi, Mississippi, during the suraraer of 1862. Beauregard's ca-valry outposts seeraed anxious only to give as much annoyance as possible with as little real fighting or other important service. A road that continued straight in one direction for half a iriile was unusual. If there were less than five forks leading in as many directions to each plantation it was a mistake of the old pioneer who surveyed it with a mule. Then the woods, too, were not the most beautiful groves in the world, but they were capital places for bushwhacking operations. Some of the boys think our friend (?) Street, across the way here, is .402 CAPTURING OUTPOSTS. none to loyal; even suggesting that be would not hesitate to ride a blind mule fifteen miles on a dark night to get the John nies here and show them our vidette posts and guard headquar ters. As I came here frequently as commander of this outpost, I resolved to get acquainted with and watch hira. The third Michigan cavalry had lost several men here by capture and I resolved that they should not find me napping; And this was my plan for the night: One man at the principal forks on the main road, eighty rods in rear of the day posts, disraounted, his horse back with the main guards, concealed in the woods ne ir the road. One man mounted to patrol the main road, and one vidette upon each fork. Now, boys, no fires, no noise. One half watch while the others sleep, with your bridles in your hands. Patrols and guards, if you are attacked, fire arid fall back out of the way. We will do the rest. There is no sleep for me to-night. Rub your eyes. Keep awake^ outposts, for I shall visit you often, all night. The safety of our whole army may depend upon our vigilance. Egyptian darkness would not more effectually hide the approach of an eneray. A slight noise is heard in the bush. It is coming nearer — hst! wait, let us see if tliere is one or more. Silence! then, creeping on, he comes — "woof," it's only a hog. Run him off. And so the hours drag slowly on, and soon the co,cks will crow. This is the hour we may look for a dash from the enemy's scouts. Hark! There, a shot, then half a dozen, and our patrol comes in, firing. He passes on to the rear. Ready! there they come. Fire! Crack, crack — crash, from every revolving rifle. STRAINING A POINT TO SAVE A LIFE. 403 A few wild shots are returned; they break, and retire in confusion. Cv^rae on, boys, let's follow thera. Give thera a parting blast. And hurrying after them, flring as we run, their clattering hoofs are soon heard faintly in the distance. Halt! let us see if they will return in force. Daylight streaks the east, broadening into the brighter day, and we return to our horses, conscious that our army has not been disturbed by the pickets being driven in, and none of us have been captured or hurt. That was the last night attack upon our outposts at that point. STRAINING A POINT TO SAVE A LIFE. There was a time when ray conscience troubled rae about the following incident as I reflected upon the thought, "A neglect of duty is the highest military crime;" but as no harra came of it I have long since ceased to upbraid rayself. We were on picket in Mississippi. The eneray's cavalry had sometimes crept up, and dismounting had captured the outposts stationed there. As yet our regiment had been spared that hu miliation, and as I went out that morning, looking over the posi tions of the videttes, the responsibility seemed very weighty. I, a mere boy, in, cbarge of a half mile of line — far in advance of the infantry and the enemy's videttes within speaking distance, while their lines of infantry were much nearer than ours. To see that the guards were relieved every two hours was the ser- 404 STRAINING A POINT TO SAVE A LIFE. geant's duty. Tp see that the position was slightly changed every hour was my especial care, accompanied by a sergeant or corporal of the guard. Was there ever darkness raore intense than those cloudy,. moonless nights in the south ? To ride or walk along that gloomy path with low hanging boughs catching at your eyes and nose at every step and not make some noise, was impossible. To stand in one position and not fall asleep, required a nerve of iron, unless, as it sometimes happened, the man was sleepless. There was one soldier in my company — a tall, flne looking young fellow, upon whom, as I afterwards learned, the miasraa of that mid-suramer Mississippi climate had begun to have some effect, yet from whom there had been no word of complaint, and it fell to his lot at two in the morning to take up a position by a tree, dismounted, and raove as little and as noiselessly as possible, while he listened for creeping noises, distant jingling spurs and sabers, and peered down the two roads which here became one. At half past two I approached hira stealthily frora the rear and found him alert, but leaning for rest against the tree. He halted rae, and iraraediately recognized my low whisper ed reply. "All quiet in front?" "Yes, sir, but there was a slight rust ling just to the left of the right hand road. It raoved off, and I suppose it was only a hog." "Doij't fire unless absolutely necessaiy." At half-past three I moved that way again. He was sitting down with his back to the tree; his gun leaning carefully against his shoulder, his head drooped — asleep. "My God! asleep upon his post and the penalty is death!" flashed with crushing force upon me. STRAINING A POINT TO SAVE A LIFE. 405 t I will give him one chance. "Qeorge!" I whispered near ¦enough to have been heard if not asleep. Bursting with suppressed eraotion I seized his gun with one hand and his shoulder in the other and threw hira full length upon the ground. Springing to bis feet he drew his revolver, thinking me an •enemy. "George," said I. "Lieutenant, is that you? What's the matter!" "The matter? Do you know what you have done?" "What! was I asleep ? Lieutenant, I ought not to have gone on duty to-night. I haven't felt just right for several days. Shall you report me to the Colonel?" There was a slight tremor in his voice and I could not re ply, and I cursed rayself as I turned away, handing him his gun in silence. "Am I a man or a boy ? A soldier or a poltroon ? What have I to do with syrapathy ?" and I leaned against the nearest tree and struggled, with rayself in silence. This com rade's life is in my hands. The life of raany a comrade was in his. What shall I do ? Perhaps he was sick. Why did he not say so ?" It was a moment of intense agony. I felt called upon to aot as judge advocate and members of court, and act at once, "He may be sick. The danger is past at all events. I must have a little time to think," and returning to ray guards I sent a corporal to stay with him his watch out, and I kept on thinking, until, glad of an excuse, I sent the man to tbe doctor for treat ment, and never before mentioned it to a living soul that I re member of. He was afterwards murdered by bushwhackers, and that settles his part of it As for me I am not proud of my 406 AN OMEN. overwhelming sympathy, at that time, but perhaps there may be those who can appreciate my position on that occasion and be generous to him who strained a point to save a comrade's life. AN OMEN. While Pope's army was drawing the lines closer on the left before Corinth, it becarae necessary to open and keep up com munication with our right under Buell. The afternoon of the fierce engagem ent at Farraington, which carae so near resulting in a general conflict between all the forces, was one which taxed the cavalry severely in raaintaining their coraraunications and in charging the eneray wherever a vulnerable point was shown. The "twin Seconds," the second Iowa and second Michigan caval ry, distinguished themselves alike on special service, nor stopped to ask whether sorae other would get the credit for it. While a part of the second Michigan was used on the left'in protecting that flank, and the second Iowa raade a bold and successful charge on the center, a squadron of the second Michigan, under Captain L. S, Scranton (raostly corapany F raen), were sent to the right to give notice of any atterapt at a flank movement in that direction. For two or three hours the cannonading and musketry firing were terrific, and as the detachment raoved cautiously along through wood or brush they would occasionally come out upon a small clearing. Most of us were not farailiar with the fowls of the air in that country and when one cries out, "Look, boys, see that eagle flapping his wings over us; that's a good omen," it was a little too bad for Captain Scranton to spoil their pretty little su- ALLEGED OUTRAGES. 407 perstitions sentiraent by replying, "That! why that's a turkey buzzard looking for dead Yankees or rebs." And true enough, there they sat, great lazy, filthy looking .creatures, on limbs of old dead trees, with wings wide distended, raoving as if about to crow, but in reality airing their filth bedrabbled plumage. ALLEGED OUTRAGES. That there were many outrages perpetrated upon peaceable citizens in the south during the war there is little doubt. Yet the most intelligent were disposed to make due allowance if there was the least excuse. Among the many closing incidents of that great tragedy one is remembered that might have been construed as inexcus able, wanton, or soraething terrible. • When the veterans of Lee's array carae tramping along to wards their homes, they were a motley crowd and their piti able condition evoked feelings of genuine sympathy among the soldiers of the Union army. If a squad was met that were short of rations, the boys of the second Michigan cavalry were always ready to divide, and it was no uncomraon thing to see one of our soldiers skirraish around for a pair of shoes, to wear which would be better than "hoofing it" barefoot all the way home; and sorae even went so far as to take the shoes frora their own feet, and say, "Here, Johnny, I can get a new pair when I get to carap; take these," and so ride on in his stocking feet. We were riding along frora Tuscaloosa towards Talladega, and had not beard of the cessation of hostilities, and seeing a squad of perhaps twenty-five or thirty Confederates ,feeding 408 CAPTAIN AVERT. their animals by the roadside, and supposing the,m to be the ad vance guard of some cavalry force, we dashed araong thera as brave as a lot of sheep, shooting wildly, with the object of creat ing a panic and causing thera to surrender without firing. The Johnnies scattered, dodging behind mules, fence corners, trees, bushes, or anything that would afford a teraporary shelter; others throwing up their hands in token of surrender. By this time we discovered ari old white rag tied to a stick, in a not very prominent place, and ceased firing. , We then began to see the blunder we had made and were really excited by the fear that we had hurt sorae one. But on looking around we discovered that aside frora killing a few mules and wounding a few we had, fortunately, done some very poor shooting. To raake matters all pleasant we divided up with the boys, who had simply stopped there to feed their mules. They had gathered up tbe worthless tag ends of the army mules abandon ed along tbe roads, and were giving them their time. They each had a parole from the army of the Potomac, and at this particular moment had found an abandoned camp, with com scattered about where other troops had been feeding their ani mals. We expected to see this chronicled in some of tbe light caliber papers of that section as an "outrage," but were agree ably disappointed. Yet it was just such incidents as this that gave color to many of the so-called "outrages." CAPTAIN AVERT. Beauregard had one officer that could go back to his friends and say a good word for the Yankees. CAPTAIN AVERT. 409 It was on June 10th, 1862, below Booneville, Mississippi, that the Second, with corapany K in advance, pressing the near guard of the Confederates, saw a single horseman in gray pants, but coatless, bis light calico shirt sleeves flapping in the breeze, gallop gracefully down towards us. At flrst we thou,ght hira the advance of a squadron about to charge upon us. We were dis raounted, deployed across the road, and every raan meant six shots frora an unerring rifle. There were just trees enough to conceal about half our men; and before they had time to think what it meant, the young of ficer, speaking in a low but distinct voice, said, "Come on, boys," evidently supposing them to be his own raen. His horse stop ped and he was just in the act of turning tbe other way when forty rifles were leveled at him, and "Halt," "halt," rang out from as many throats. , There was agony in the voice of that young lieutenant, as he shouted "Don't shoot," and rushed between the line of rifles and the young Confederate officer. Who will say it was mistaken zeal that prompted him to save the life of one whose hand was raised against us ? Was it not, rather, adrairation for the cool bravery of the man under trying circumstances ? He instantly saw his mistake and raoved up to our lines, and was our prisoner. It proved to be Captain (afterwards Colonel) Avery, of a Georgia cavalry regiment; and during his stay of two or three days with us captor and captive shared the same blanket and mess, and an attachraent sprang up between thera that bas been remembered since the war, by a correspond ence and mutual expressions of good feeling. The Booneville fight of July 1st was probably a sequel to rill never be known. The number wounded does not appear on the rolls, and, therefore, the following is only approximately correct. To die in hospital, or on furlough, while yet in the service of one's country, should be considered as great an honor as to' die on the field, if the recoi-d was good, and therefore, all such have been Included in the Roll of Honor. Some were reported as missi^g in action who afterwards returned; only afew, however. COMPANY A. Stiff, Corporal Da,vid D., died al Triune, Tenn., June 11, 1863, of wounds received in action. * Burga, John, died of typhoid fever in hospital at Farmington, Miss., July 9, 1862. , Booth, James L., shot by the enemy while on picket duty near Point Pleasant, Mo., March 7, 1863. Bartlett, Irwin C, killed in action at Pulaski, Tenn., September 38, 1864. Re-en listed January 5, 1864. Oliver, Jerome, wounded. Discharged at Louisville, Ky., December 17, 1863. Parker, Leonard, wounded. Discharged at St. Louis, Mo., May 37, 1863. Died June 3, 1863, at St. Louis, Mo. Ross, James, died of disease at New Madrid, Mo., March 34, 1863. Redson, Thomas, wounded. Discharged for disability at Detroit, August 8, 1863. Averill, Emerson M., died of chronic diarrhea at Nashville, Tenn., September 20, 1864. Brangne, Sanders S., died of typhoid fever at Franklin, Tenn., August 2.i. 1864. Beach, John W., killed in action near Mossy Creek, Tenn., December 39, 1863. Conklin, John E., died at Nicholasville, March, 1863. Deming, Orin B, killed in action at Lynnville, Tenn , December 14, 1864. Gressfell, Abraham, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., December 14, 1864. Koster, William, died of measles in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., May 2, 1864. Richardson, Henry F., died of chronic diarrhea at Jefferson, Mo., May 10,- 1865. Stine, Jacob C, died of typhoid fever at Nashville, Tenn., December 14, 1864. COMPANY B. Rogers, First Lieut. Philo W., died of disease at Evansville, Ind., May 17, 1863. Loveless, Corporal Lewis M., died of typhoid fever at Hamburg, Tenn., June 3, 1863. Dunn. Corporal Levi, died at Hamburg, Tenn., July 19, 1863. . Fairfield, Elbridge, died of disease at St. Louis, Mo., June 38, 1863. Bell, Ezra, died of typhoid fever at Hamburg, Tenn., May 1. 1863. Boyer, Joseph, died of pneumonia at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Jan'y 18, 1863. Barnum, Dwight, died of disease at New Madrid, April 14. 1863. Beers, Uriah, died of pneumonia at St. Louis, December 3, 1863. Berham, Henry C, died of typhoid fever near Farmington, Miss.. July 14, 1862. Crabtree Charles, died at Evansville, Ind., September 15, 1863r BOLL OP HONOR. 5 Dow, Peter, died of typhoid fever near Farmington, Mississippi, August 33, 1862. Ellis, Eugene, missing in action at Dandridge, Tenn., December 34, 1863. Died of chronic diarrhea at Andersonville, May 80, 1864. Hull, George, died at Henderson, Ky., May 84, 1863. Kiche, Francis, died of typhoid fever at Hamburg Landing, Tenn. Jones, Bratfore B,, died at New Albany. Ind., October 8, 1863. Losely, Lorenzo D., died of measles at St. Louis, December 3, 1861. Lisco, Rufus, died of typhoid fever near Farmington, Mississippi, June 39, 1863. O'Neil,, Jerome, died of typhoid fever at Farmington, Mississippi, June 27, 1868. Olmstead, Morris, died at Nashville, Tenn., July 6, 1864, from accidental shot. Russell, Reuben O., died of typhoid fever on board hospital boat. May 9, 1863. Thompson, William, died of consumption at Keokuk, Iowa, July 25, 1863. Watson, Edward, died of typhoid fever, at Rienzi, Mississippi, .luly 84, 1863. Barnum, David, died at Knoxville, Tenn. , February 35, 1864. Beasey, David D., died of disease at Waterloo, Ala., March 16. 1865. Beasey, Oliver B., died of abscess of the head at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 4, 1864. Birch, Edwin A., killed in action at Oxford, Ala., April 33, 1865. Cole, Hiram, died of consumption at Charlotte, Mich., July 20, 1863. Coon, Andrew B., died of chronic diarrhea at Cahawba, Ala., March 25, 1865. Hackett, Emory E., died of bronchitis at Jefferson, Ind., January 15, 1865. Hart, Hollf.nd, killed in action at Dandridge, Tenn., December 34, 1863. Lowe, William, killed in action at Lavergne, Tenn., September 1, 1864. Shirk, Alfred, died of typhoid fever at New Albany, Ind., September 30, 1863. COMPANY c. Bailey, Judson D., died of typhoid fever at Benton Barracks, Mo., February 80, 1863. ¦ - Bliss, Rufus W., died of inflammatory rheumatism at St. Louis, Mo., January 34, 1863. Fifleld, William H., killed in action at Shoal Creek, Tenn., Novembers, 1864. Hooper, Joseph E., died of typhoid fever at New Madrid, Mo., April 9. 1863. Marsac, Franklin R., died of typhoid fever at Evansville, August 16,-1863. Marsac, Daniel C, re-enlisted January 5, 1864. Died of wounds at Nash-ville, Tenn., January 10, 1865. Moon, John D., died of disease of the heart at Rienzi, Mississippi, August 1, 1863. Olmstead, Harvey, killed in action -at Pair Garden, Tenn., January 38, 1864. Reynolds, Cyrus, died at Chaplin Hill, Ky., October 8,1863, of wounds received in action. Reid. Henry L, died of typhoid fever at Farmingt(m, July 7, 1863. Stoi-y.George 'W., died of typhoid fever at New Madrid, Mo.; March 34, 1863. Steele. Elisha, died of chronic diarrhea at Andersonville Prison. Ga.. May 30, 1864, Schenck, William J., died at Benton Barracks, Mo., December 11, 1861. Wilson, Joseph, died of chronic diarrhea at Wyoming, Kent County, May 39, 1863. Watson, Henry G., died at Chaplin Hill, Ky.. October 8. 1863, of gun-shot wound. Youne, Jasper J., died at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Mo., December 13, 1861. Young, Franklin E., died at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Mo., of typhoid fever. Bonny, Lyman, died of typhoid fever at Nashville, Tenn., September 17, 1864. Delano Eben R., died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., July 4, 1864 Dennis,' Isaac S., killed in action at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Dicker, William H., died at Burnt Hickory, Ga., May 80, 1864, of wounds received inaction. Farnsworth, George W., died of typhoid fever at Chattanooga, May 38, 1864. Prceland Charles, dipd of typhoid fever at Chattanooga, May 38. 1864. Hiser. Christian, dit'd of disease at Nashville, Tenn.. July 13, 1864. Garrett Solon H., missing In action at Mossy Creek, Tenn., December 89, 1863. Died at Andersonville, Ga., May 80, 1864. Kelly, Michael died of typhoid fever at New Madrid, April 4, 1863. McNeil, Jame.s, died of typhoid fever at Nashville, Tenn:, July 15, I860. Pike, Benjamin, died at Andersonville, Ga., September 16, 1864. COMPANY D. Landon, Q. M. Almon, died of pneumonia at Hamburg, Tenn., May 30, 1863. 6 ROLL OF HONOE. Jackson, Sergeant William L,, killed in action at Blountsville, East Tenn., De cember 30, 1863. Cr^ne, Corporal Charles W., died at Perryville, Ky., October 9, 1863, of wounds received in action, October 8, 1863. Vandusan, James, died of inflammation of the lungs at Benton Barracks, lyio., December 3, 1861. Esgett, Corporal Harry J., died at Franklin, Tenn., June 4, 1863, of wounds received in action. Hicks, Farrier Henry H., died from exposure at Evansville, Ind., May 16, 1862. Spencer.'.Wagoner Elmer, died from exposure at New Madrid, Mo.. April 33, 1862. Alden, Justin, killed in action at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1863. Blakesly, Levi S., died of disease at Savannah, Tenn., June 35, 1868. Bom, John, died of pneumonia at St. Louis, Mo., April 8, 1868. Boer, Peter, died nf disease at St. Louis, Mo., August 1, 1868. Cheney, Rufus, died of erysipelas at New Madrid, Mo,. April 13, 1863. Campbell, James, died of inflammation of the lungs at St. Louis, Mo., January 85, 1863. Chatfield, James, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., December 9, 1863. Degroot, Albert, died at Andersonville, Ga., May 34, 1864. Kelly, Hiram, died of pneumonia at Farmington, Mississippi, August 15, 1863. Lespeiance, Enos, died of small-pox at Nashville, Tenn., January 23, 1864. Richards, Charles L., died of inflammation of the lungs at St. Louis, Mo , Janu ary 30, 1863. Shilling, William, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., November 4, 1863. Stansbury, Jacob, died df typhoid fever at St. Louis, Mo., April 10, 1863. Smith, George W., died June 4, 1863, at Franklin, Tenn., of wounds received iu action. Vanhaltren, Benjamin, died at Louisville, Ky., November 17, 1863, of wounds received at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1863. White, William H., died of abscess in throat at Farmington, Miss., July 10, 1863. Braman, Charles, died at Andersonville, May 34, 1864. Eaton, Joseph M., died of disease at Atlanta, Ga., August 30, 1865. French, Delos, died of disease at Franklin, Tenn., August 31, 1864. Fry, Charles, died at Nashville, Tenn., June 11, 1865. Hanson, Frederick H., died at Nashville, Tenn., December 33, 1864, of wounds received in action. Hertsman, Adam, killed in action al Lynnville, Tenn., December 34: 1864. Hill, David, supposed killed by explosion of steamer Sultana, April 88, 1865. •Tohnson. John, supposed killed by explosion of steamer Sultana, April 28, 1865. Losee, Mark, died at Nashville, Tenn., December 3, 1864. Perrigo, John, missing in action at Dandridge, Tenn., December 34, 1863. Died at Andersonville, Ga., May 84, 1864. Quant, James, killed in action at Franklin, Tenn., November 30, 1864. Seymour, Frank, died of disease at Cleveland, Tenn. , May 3, 1863. Vilt, George, died at Andersonville, Ga., May 33,1864. Vanhaltren, Gerritt, missing in action at Bent Church, May 30, 1864. Died at ¦ Andersonville, Ga. Vanhaltren, Gismith, died in rebel prison.COMPANY E. Mapes, Sergeant Abram, jr., died of disease at Sl, Louis, March 31, 1868. Lee, Corporal James, died June 34, 1863, of wounds received in action, at Far mington, Mississippi. Lanbach, Corporal Edwih H, died of disease at Farmington, Mississippi, July 13, 1863. Ryan, Saddler' Peter, died of disease at St. Louis, Mo., February 7, 1863. Allen, Andrew, died of disease at Rienzi, Mississippi, August 19, 1863. Hoag. Wendolin, died of disease at Rienzi. Mississippi, August 8, 1862. Mellett, Lawrence, died .Tuly 3, 1863, at Rienzi.JMiseissippi, of wounds received in action. July 1, 1863. Matthew, Charles, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., March 9, 1864. Orman, Elon, killed in action at Thomas Station, March 5, 1863. Oleson, Nelson, died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., July 1, 1864, EOLL or HONOR. 7 'Willey, Lewis, died at Louisville, November 5, 1868, of injuries received ^y being run over by a wagon. Root, James, died of disease at Hambuvg, Tenn., May 30, 1862. Warren, Trask. died of disease at Jeffersonville, July 19, 1864. McNaughton, Duncan, died of disease at New Madrid, Mo., Apiil 30, 1863. Bailey, Alanson B., died of disease at Edgefield, Tenn , July 19, 1865. Henry, Charles, lost on steamer Sultana, near Memphis, by explosion and burning, April 38, 1865. Hermich, Charles, lost on steamer Sultana, near Memphis, by explosion and burn ing, April 8S, 1865. Jacobs, George E., died of typhoid fever at Nashville, Tenn., April 17, 1864. Kendrick, James, lost on steamer Sultana. Knight, John, missing inaction at FrankUn, Tenn., November 30, 1864. Law, Georee, died nf disease at Nashville, "Tenn., March 9, 1864. Lindsley, 'William S., lost on steamer Sultana. Lender, Charles, died of small-pox. May 4, 1865. McDonald, Donald, died at Mason, July 38, 1865. Maxon, Charles, died in Southern prison. Moody, Daniel, killed in action near Louisville, September 30, 1868. Moody, Watson D.. missing in action at Oxford, Ala., April 36, 1865. Mergan, Martin C, missing in action at Dandridge, December 84, 1864. Thompson, John, died at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., April 13, 1865. Wolfram, Chauncy, died in Southern prison, December 30, 1864. COMPANY F. Lorenzo, Buckley, died at Keokuk, March, 1863. Bradford, J. A., missing in action at Blackland, Mississippi, June 34, 1863. Suel, Amos, died at Rienzi, July 10, 1863. Bichler, Christian, died at Commerce, Mo., March 11, 1863. Bates, Austin, died at Evansville, October 4, 1864. Caswell, John, died of small-pox, March 1, 1863. Demoray, L. A., died of typhoid fever at Winchester, August 5, 18S3. Davis, John, died at Corinth, October 15, 1883. Fullington, Lucian B.. died at St. Louis, July 6, 1883. Fitch, Morris E., died of wounds at Franklin, March 36, 1863. Fullington, George W., missing in action at Spring Hill, November 39, 1864. Keeney, C. L., died at St. Louis, September .">, 1868. Moore, Joseph, died in hospital, September 34. 1863. Norton, George, died at Rienzi, July 38, 1863. Ravick, W. C, missing in action at Triune, June 11, 1863. Weaver, Caleb F., died in hospital at Cowan, Tenn., October 3, 1863. Baxter, Theodore, died at Knoxville, April 3', 1864. Bradford, Charles, died at Annapolis, March 31, 1865. Cadwell, A. S., died at Franklin, March 7, 1863. Clapsiin, A S., died at Nashville, March 8, 1864. Core, William, died at Jeffersonville, Ala., Jariuary9, 1865. Glasson, A. A., died at Nashville, March 8, 1864. Helmer, George, missing in action at Spring Hill, Tenn., November 39, 1864. Kellogg Daniel H , missing in action at Macon, Ga., July 36, 1864. King, e'. H., died at Nashville, February 1, 1864. Lynch, John, killed in action at Cleveland, Tenn., Aprd 3, 1864. McCaslin, William, died at Naahville, SectemberlO, 1864. Mclntyre, Arza, died at Mound City, 111., February 33, 1865. Murphy, Thomas J., died at Nashville, September 5. 1864. Myers Henrv B., died at Jeffersonville, June 33, 1864. Randall, James N. , died January 3, 1864, of wounds received in action at Mossy Creek, December 39. COMPANY G. Hawley, Captain James, killed at Chicamauga, September 80, 1863. Ainsworth, James E., died at Rienzi, July 15, 1868. Allen, LeRoy, died at Franklin, April 13, 1863. 1 Benedict. Norman, died at Keokuk, August 33, 1863. 8 EOLL OF HONOE. Smith, Captain James H., 'missing in action; left on the fleld, wounded, at Dan dridge, December 34, 1863. Arnold, Jerry, died at New Madrid, Mo., April-14, 1868. Brock, William, died of quick consumption at Reading, Mich., May 83, 1868. Cone, Austin, died at Farmington, Mississippi, June 16, 1863. Ford. Alton S, died at Jefferson, May 33, 1863. Fleetwood, Ansel, died at New Madrid, April 11, 1863. Martin, William B., died at Chattanooga, October 18, 1863. Tuttle, William, died at CampBenton, Mo., December 4. 1861. Wilson, Bradly, died at Libby prison, November 3, 1863, Adams, Oscar, killed by guerrillas near Sparta, Tenn., November 39, 1863. Boyle, Charles, killed in action at Dandridge, Tenn., December- 34, 1863. Brown, D. E., died at Keokuk, 1863. Carry, John A., died at Nashville, April 4, 1864, of wounds received in action. Groves, WilUam H., died at Nashville, November 13, 1863. Harwick, George, died at Chattanooga, July 13. 1864. Norton, Joseph H., died at Nicholasville, January 6, 1863. COMPANY H. Harvey, Robert M., died at St. Louis, December 14, 1861. Beutter, George, drowned in Harpeth river, while on a scout. May 15, 1863. Bryant, Silas, died at Farmington, Mississippi, August 5, 1863, Clark, John, died in hospital at St. Louis, February 36, 1863. Dodge, Albert F,, died at Hamburg, Tenn., May 14, 1863. ^ Morey, Charles B., died on furlough, April 1, 1864. Smith, Oscar, died at Rienzi, August 4, 1862. Phillips, James R., missing in action, April 5, 1863. Donnelly, Daniel, died at Jeffersonville, December 36, 1864. Johnson, Robert, died at St. Louis, December 8, 186-1. Kinney. Andrew, died at St. Louis, December 36, 1861. Lewis, A., died at home on furlough. Pennell, James E., missing in action at Shoal Creek, November 5, 1864. Scott, Douglas, missing in action at Booneville, Mississippi, July 1, 1863. Weller, Stafford D., died at Lebanon, Ky.; November 10, 1863. COMPANY I. Lamkin. Frank H. , died at Booneville, Mississippi, June 30, 1863. Houre, Augustus, died in hospital at Stevenson, September 1, 1863. Bugbee, .lohn, died at Benton Barracks, February 13, 1868. Colwell, John M, died at Rienzi. August 13, 1868. Lamkin, Reuben R. , died at Nashville, March, 39, , of wounds received in action. Lewis, Franklin H., died at Farmington, July 13, 1863. Myei's, Friend M., missing in action at Blackland, June 34, 1863. Simmons, George, died on furlough. May 30, 1863. Dutcher, WilUam H., died at Nashville, September 17, 1864. Tallman, Frank, died at DansviUe, Ky., August 80, 1863. Fessenden, William, died at Stevenson, Novembers, 1863. Moon, Henry, died at Chattanooga, July 5, 1864. Peas, Charles H., died on furlough at Brighton, Mich., October 81, 1864 Rex, Alfred, missing at Shoal Creek, November 5, 1864. Wheeler, Richard, died at Knoxville, May 14, 1864. COMPANY K. McMillen, Samuel, died at Nashville, January, 1864. Hill, Robert, died at St. Louis, February 9, 1863. Allen, Benjamin, died at New Madrid, March 33, 1863, Cook, Leo, died near Corinth, June 13, 1863. Evarts, I, died at Jeffersonville, October 85, 1868. Hiptenbcrger, Joseph, died at Rienzi, August 11, 1863. Haywood, Charles, died at Farmington, July 3, 1868. Haywood, Calvin, died at Farmington, July 5, 1863. EOLL OF HONOE. 9 Gamble, Robert C, died at Jeffersonville, January 14, 1865, of wounds received in action. Lewis, Elisha, died at Murfreesboro. March 35, 1863. Leonard, John, died at Rienzi, July 7, 1863. Lewis, Absalom, died on furlough. Stephen, Lyman, died at Rienzi, July 8, 1863. Dell, John W., died at Nashville, July 14, 1864. Dillingham, Stephen, drowned, April 9, 1865. Maples, Comstock, died at Louisville, December 13, 1864. Mapes, Charles, died at Nashville, November 15, 1864. Smith, Recompense, died at Franklin, July 30, 1864. Smith, Joseph, died of wounds, December 84, 1864. Snyder, John, missing in action at Franklin, November 30, 1864. Washburn, , died in the service, March 16, 1863. COMPANY L. Thomas, William P., died near Farmington, June 35, 1863. Barnhouse, W. H., missing in action at Booneville, Mississippi, July 1, 1863. Anderson, Albert P., died July 3, 1863, of wounds received in action at Booneville. Bee, John, killed at Booneville. Corwin, N. W., died near Corinth, July 33, 1863. Eisley, Felix, killed near Mossy Creek, December 39, 1863. Hunter, JohnF.. died near Rienzi, August 6, 1863. Park, James, died at Hamburg. Moore, L. D., missing in action at Booneville. Returned and died of wounds at Shoal Creek, December 1, 1864. Reed, Albert, died at New Madrid, April 13, 1863. Turner, A. W., missing at Booneville, July 1, 1863. Williams, Theodore, died at Andersonville. 'W'ooden, Timothy, died at St. Louis, January 81, 1863. Baker, Hiram, died at Louisville, March 33, 1864. Gadbold, William, died at Andersonville. Missing at Dandridge. Manchester, George, died at Nashville, June 33, 1864. Pray, Paris L., died at Nashville, December 38, 1864. Snyder, Jacob, died at Nashville, April 4, 1864. Stevens, F. S., died of wounds at Thompson's Station, March 4, 1863. Stevens, Colonel J., died at Nashville, January 1, 1865. Thomas, Ezra, died at Nashville, March 31, 1864. Wightman, Charles, killed at Lynnville, December 34, 1864. COMPANY M. Darrow, First Lieutenant RugseU T., kUled at Cypress Creek, October 7, 1864. Sweeney, Frank, missing at Chicamauga. Murdock, Daniel, died at Rienzi. July 15, 1863. Alexander, Edward, killed at Glasgow, Ky., December 4, 1863. Birdsell, William, missing at Severeville, January 87, 1864 Bratt, Rufus, died on furlough. Boyer, Marion, died in hospital at Keokuk, 1868. Cowan, Robert H., died at New Madrid, April 10, 186-3. Clark, JetBon, died in hospital at Keokuk. Dooley, Patrick, missing at Brentwood. Pancher, David, died at Farmington, May 12, 1863. Gaines, Sullivan, died at KnoxviUe, February 3, 1864, nf wounds received in action. Harris, Hiram J., died at St. Louis, May 30, 1863. Hutton, C. C, died at Rienzi, August 9, 1863. Jenks, George, died at New Madrid, April 13, 1863. Norcoit, E. W., died on furlough, April 3, 1863. Potter, Charles H., killed at Dandridge. Ploof, Charles, died on furlough. Baker, John, died at Nashville, March 18, 1864. Dean, Silas, died at Chattanooga, June 38, 1864. Kuhn, James, missing at Dandridge. 10 ¦ THE adjutant's EESIAEKS. Spaulding, A. M., died September 33, 1863, of wounds received at Chicamauga. Allen, Benjamin P., died at Nashville, September 11, 1864. Miller, Jacob, died in hospital. Mickersell, Solomon, died at Waterloo, Ala., March 11, 1865. Moser, Abraham, killed in action at Fair Garden, January 37, 1864. Norcutt, Warren B., died at Franklin, August 83, 1864. Phillips, D. C, died in hospital. Walters, Charles P., missing at Chicamauga. Walker, Henry, died on furlough. Whitn.an, Charles, drowned. Williams, William H., died of sunstroke. THE ADJUTANT'S REMARKS. No returns previous to December, 1861. December 1861 — Stationed at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri. No re marks. January, 1863— The same. February, 1863^Ia the fleld en route from St. Louis to New Madrid, Mis souri. No remarks. April 5, 1868 — Near New Madrid, Missouri. No remarks. May 9, 1868 — Near Farmington, Mississippi. No remarks. June 30, 1863 — Near Farmington, Mississippi. No remarks. July 14, 1862 — Near Booneville, Mississippi. No remarks. July, 1868 — No station given. No remarks. August, 1863 — Near Rienzi, Mississippi. No remarks. October 30, 1863— Near Louisville, Kentucky, No remarks. November 16,1863 — New Market, Kentucky. No remarks. December 16. 1868 — Lebanon, Kentucky. No remarks. ¦ December, 1868— Nicholasville, Kentucky. No remarks. January, 1863 — Louisville, Kentucky. No remarks. February, 1863 — Franklin, Tennessee. No remarks. March, 1863 — Franklin, Tennessee. No remarks. April, 1863 — Franklin, Tennessee. No remarks. May — 10 A. M. May l^Regiment returned from reconnaissance on Lewisburg pike, etc., result, twelve rebels killed and wounded as far as heard from, twelve others taken prisoners; till 14th, usual camp, picket and Scout duty every day; 15th, regiment aroused at 8 a. m., and moved half an hour later to the viUage of HUlsborough; while crossing the West Harpeth river George Beutter, company H, was drowned ; usual camp,' picket and scout duty till end of month. June, 1863 — Near Manchester, Tennessee; 3d, move camp to Triune, Tennessee, from Franklin, Tennessee; 4tb, reaching there at 6:30 p. m. ;had a sharp skirmish; two of our men company D killed, three others wounded; known rebel loss, Jifty -three killed, wounded and missing. Returned to Triune 6th; 9th, the rebels at tacked camp at Triune; our regiment moved to the front and drove the eiiemy — no loss; Ilth, another reconnaissance to the front, no loss,' in the morning picket party lost one sergeant kUled, one private taken prisoner, seven horses and equip ments lost. Till 38d, usual guard, scout and picket duty; 83d, moved for a long scout, without tents, change of clothing or baggage, along with whole of flrst division. Engagement at Rover, Tennessee, one man wounded; 84th marched to Middleton; skirmished from noon till dark; one man wounded: 35th, 36th, on the march; 37th, charged the enemy seven miles into ShelbyviUe. Tennessee; three of our regiment missing. Rebels lost about eight hundred kiUed, wounded and missing; it is supposed that over one hundred and fifty were drowned in attempting to cross Duck river. Rumor says that about two thousand rebels were lost, one thousand two hundred of the number embracing the opportunity of a general rout to desert to their homes; 38th, ShelbyvUle and march; 39th, back to Shelbyville and march to Hoover's Gap ; 30th, on the march, rained every day and night siiice starting, 33d inst. THE adjutant's REMARKS. 11 July— Near Winchester, Tennessee; 1st and 3d. on the march; 3d, Decherd, Cowan, Tennessee, drove the rebels, took a number of prisoners; 4th and 5th, two miles out of Decherd; 6th, 7th. 8th and 9t,h, Franklin, Tennessee, between Salem andWinchester;10th,llthandl8th, Salem, Tenn.; 13th, New Market, Ala. ; 14th, Huntsville, Ala., and longmarch;l5th. 16lh. 17th, Huntsville, Ala.; 18th, 19th and 30th -(two battalions). New Market; 31st, Winchester; 33d, on the march; 33d, ¦24th. 25lh, Payetteville, Tennessee; 36th, march, Salem, Tennessee; 87th, 88th, Salem (company desks, tents and baggage reached regiment); 39th, march Win chester; 30th, 31st, near Winchester, Tennessee. Two first weeks in the month it rained every day and every night. Government provisions and forage very scarce, stringent orders against leaving camp. August — Bridgeport, Alabama; 1st, on the march, S.aleni, Tennessee; 3d, march Fayetteville, 'Tennessee, remaining there until the 10th, usual guard and picket duties; Ilth, march, Walker, Alabama; 13lh, march HuntsviUe, Alabama; 13th, Maysville, Alabama; 14th, Larkinville, Alabama; 15th, on a scout, killed two rebels, wounded one, took two prisoners; 16th, 'march, Stevenson and Bolivar, Alabama; 17lh to 36th, at Bolivar, usual guard and picket duties; 87th, march . Bridgeport, Alabama; 88th, forded the Tennessee river, the first regiment without loss of man or horse — lost several guns by hori-es getting into deep water, and men falling off; 39th to 81st, opposite Bridgeport, scouted in the mountains as far east as Georgia, taking several prisoners. September — Near Jasper, Tennessee; 1st, bivouacked opposite Bridgeport; 3d, S(!0uted on Raccoon mountain and back twenty miles; 3d, raarched down on left bankuver to Caperton's Ferry, eighteen mUes; 4th, crossed Raccoon mountain to VaUey Head, twenty-two mUes; Sth, moved down the valley five miles; 6th, 7th, Slh, in same place; 9th crossed Lookout mountain to Alpine, Ga., eighteen miles; 10th, scouied towards Rome six miles and back; lllh, same; 13tb, marched toward Lafayette, ten miles; 13th, ninth Pennsylvania m advance, run into a heavy force hear Lafayette, our regiment covered the ground while the wounded were removed, then covered the retreat, marched back to Alpine, marched twenty-six miles: 14lh. marched to Lookout mountain, eight miles; 15th, crossed down to Little Wills Valley twelve miles; 16th, crossed Lookout mountain to McLamore's Cove, sixteen mUes; 17th, marched down the Cove, four miles; 18th, first bat talion scouted to Blue Bird Gap; 19th, joined the infantry line at Pond Springs, enemy in view, but little skirmishing; 30th, on the right in the Chicamauga battle, guarded the train to Chattanooga in the night; 81st, crossed the river and went to Harrison's Perry, fourteen miles; 23d to 37th, guarding fords and ferry, from Harrison's Perry to Thacher's Ferry, flfteen miles above; sent the scouting parties across the river, one man wounded and three captured; 38th, marched to Chattanooga, fourteen miles; 39th, marched to Rankin's Ferry, twenty-five miles; 80th, at Rankin's Ferry. October— Winchester, Tennessee; 1st, guarding Rankin's Ferry and fords; 3d, marched up L'equatchee Valley to Anderson's Crossroads, to protect the wagon train; received notice of the enemy burning the train eleven o'clock a. m., learned the enemy were repulsed by Col. McCook; returned to Rankin's Ferry; marched thirty-two miles; 3d. started on the Wheeler chase, marched thirty-two miles;4th, joined brigade at Walnut Grove, passed through Dunlap. bivouacked on Cumberland mountain, marched thirty miles; Sth, marched through McMinnviUe and Woodbury, marched flfty-flve miles; 6th, marched to Murfreesboro, dre-w ration.s, marched near Shelbyville, marched twenty-five mUes; 7th; passed through Uniontown, camped on Duck river, marched twenty-seven mUes; 8th, passed ¦ through Rainy Sprmg, Lewisburg and Connersville, marched thirty miles; 9th, passed through Pulaski, camped at Rogersville, four miles from Lamb's Perry, Tennessee river; 10th, left Rogersville and marched ten mUes; Ilth, marched twenty-one miles; 13th, marched to Huntsville, on provost guard, at this place captured several prisoners, marched twenty-five miles; 13th, passed through New Market after Roddy's rebel brigade, marched twenty-three miles; 14lh, marched to Branchville, marched eighteen mUes; 15th, passed through Salem, camped flve miles from Winchester, marched nine railed; 16th to 19th, in camp at same place; SOth moved camp to Winchester; 31st to 85th, same place; 26th, moved to Decherd station, three miles; 86th to SOth, same place; 31st, moved to Winchester November— Sparta, Tennessee; 1st to Sth, in camp at Winchester doing usual 12 THE adjutant's REMARKS, camp and picket duty; 9th to 14th, on scouting and foraging expedition to Payet teville, thirty-flve miles west of 'Winchester, a part of the ninth Pennsylvania accompanying, brought in about four hundred bushels of wheat, sixty-flve head of beef cattle, and between flve and six hundred head of sheep, also several horses and mules; 15th, In camp; 16th, marched sixteen railes; 17th, passed through Shelbyville, marched fourteen miles; 18th, marched twenty miles, camped at Murfreesboro; 19th, in camp; 80th, marched twenty miles, camped at Milton; 81st, marched fourteen miles, camped at Liberty; 33d to 37th, in camp doing usual camp and picket duty; 3Sth, marched twenty-three miles, passed through Smithville, camped on Rainy Fork; 39th, marched six miles, one man of company G killed by bushwhackers; 30th, in camp. December — Near Mossy Creek, Tennessee; 1st, marched east to Sparta, Ten nessee, remaining until the Sth, when the regiment moved up the Cumberland mountains, passing over and down the same through Crossville, reaching King-, ston, Tennessee, 13th, thence eastwardly; 14th, 15th, 16th, through KnoxvUle, fording the Holston river, and arriving at Strawberry Plains 17th. On the 18th forded and re-forded the Holston four miles above Strawberry Plains, moving several iniles to the northeast and returning to Strawberry Plains on morning of the 19lh, reraaining in camp there till the S3d, when the regiment removed to New Market, Tennessee; 34th, in connection with the remainder of flrst brigade marched to Dandridge, and engaged a vastly superior force of the rebels, return ing late at night to New Market. In this engagement one oflicer was wounded and taken prisoner, one other badly wounded in the leg, and one other sprained ankle by horse falling, two enlisted men were killed, nine taken prisoners, and seven wounded — total casualties twenty-one; 35th, marched to Mossy Creek, Ten nessee, remained near that place till end of month, On 39th, another skirmish with the rebels. One oiflcer badly wounded, one enlisted man killed, two taken prisoners, and four wounded — total casualties eight. During 1863 the regiraent was engaged in twenty-four battles or important skirmishes, and on each occasion met with losses, in addition to minor actions in which no losses occurred. Marched over two thousand one hundred and forty miles in addition to picketing, scouting and foraging sorties, which were equal at least in length to the regular marches. January, 1864 — Marysville, Tennessee; 1st, 3d and 3d, in camp two miles from Mossy Creek, Tennessee; 4th, marched to the rear two miles; 5th to 13th, in camp near Mossy Creek; 14th, marched twenty- two miles, camped near Dandridge; 15th, In camp; 16th, marched four miles on Indian Creek road; 17th, marched to the front to relieve the second brigade in line of battle until midnight; 18th, marched twenty-seven miles, cro.ssed the Holston, camped near Strawberry Plains; 19th, marched seventeen miles, passed through Knoxville, crossed the Holston river ; SOth, marched flfteen miles ; 31st, marched twenty-two miles; 38d, in camp: 33d, marched four miles, camped on Plat creek; 34th, marched eight miles; 85th, marched twenty-t^o miles, camped on Pigeon river; 86th, broke carap at midnight, marched twenty miles; 37th, formed line of battle at daylight, engaged the enemy, eleven wounded, two missing, marched twenty miles; 38th, marched twenty miles. One man of company L captured by rebel infantry; 39th, marched twenty miles, passed through Severeville; 30th, raarched ten miles, camped near Marysville. February — Chestua creek, Monroe county, Tennessee; 1st to Sth, in camp near MarysvUle, Tennessee; 9th, marched eighteen miles, forded Little Tennessee river, camped on Pour Mile creek, Monroe county, Tennessee; 10th to 16th, in camp at last named place; 17th, marched ten miles, camped near Citaco creek, Monroe county, Tennessee; 18th to 33d, in camp at last named .place; 33d, marched twenty-three miles, camped near Chestua creek, Monroe county, Ten nessee; 34th to 39th. in camp at last named place. March— Cleveland, Tennessee; 1st, 3d and 3d, in camp at Chestua creek, near Madisonville, Tennessee; 4th, marched twenty -flve miles to Calhoun; 5th to lllh, incarapat Calhoun; 13th, marched twelve mUes to Cleveland, Tennessee; 13th to 31st, in camp at Cleveland, Tennessee. March 39th about three hundred of the men were mustered into the service as veteran volunteers. MOVEMENTS OF THB NON-VETERANS. April— Prom April 1st to 30th, in camp at Cleveland, Tennessee. April 14th, THE adjutant's REMARKS. 13 three hundred and flfteen re-enUsted veterans left for Michigan on furlough. May— 1st and 3d, in camp at Cleveland, Tennessee; 3d, marched fourteen miles on Daltou road to Mount Pleasant church; 7th, marched seven miles to Varnet Station skirmishing; Sth, marched one and a half miles in line of battle toward Buzzard's Roost; 10th, two miles in line; Ilth, marched through Tunnel HiU to Dug Gap, flfteen miles; 13th, in fortifications in front of Dug Gap; 13th, marched through Dug Gap, skirmishing; 14th, advance of division on Tilton road, skirmishing, loss one killed, three wounded, marched twenty five miles; ISth, made breastworks at Tilton ; 16th, crossed Coosa waters, ten miles; 17th, four miles; ISth, twelve miles on Cassville road; 19th, marched eight miles on Cassville road, skirmishing, 30th, marched six railes to Cassville Station; 82d, marched ten miles to Etowah river and guarded fords; 38d, forded Etowah, marched ten miles; 34th, advance guard Burnt Hickory road, skirmished enemy, two men wounded, _ twelve miles; 35th, marched seven miles; 36th, marched four iniles, skirmishing, two wounded; 37th, skirmished enemy, one wounded, two missing; 38th, skirmished enemy, two wounded; 31st, in camp near Dallas and Hamilton Crossroads. June — 3d, marched four miles on Ackworth aud DaUas road skirmishing; Sth, skirmished enemy at same place, captured one prisoner; Sth, marched eighteen miles; 9th, marched flve miles; 10th, patroUing the Marietta road; 14th, marched four miles to Ackworth; I6th, marched eight miles toward Lost moun tain; 17th, marched six miles to top of Lost raountain; SOth, scouted to Powder Springs twelve miles; 36th, on scout to Powder Springs; 3Slh, raarched to Ack worth, ten miles. VETERANS RETURNED. July — Guarding railroad from NashviUe; to Rutherford^creek. August — 1st to 29th, guarding railroad frora Brentwood to Rutherford creek, Tennessee; 29th, marched to NashviUe nineteen railes; 30th, marched twelve miles toward Murfreesboro, skirmished Wheeler's raiders, lost one man missing from company C; 31st, marched flve miles toward Franklin. September — 1st, marched fifteen miles to Franklin, Tennessee, skirmished Wheeler's raiders; 3d, marched lo Columbia, twenty-seven miles; 3d, laid :it Columbia; 4th, marched ten miles on Pulaski pike; Sth, marched to near Campbellville, skirraished eneray in afternoon, moved on to Lawrenceburgh, twenty-nine miles; 6th, marched to Military road, twenty-five miles; 7th, marched to Florence', Alabama, ten miles; Sth, marched twenty miles on Military road towards Nashville; 9th, marched to near Pulaski, twenty -flve railes; 10th, marched twenty miles; lllh, twenty miles; 13th, thirteen miles to Franklin; 13th to 85th, Camped at Franklin; SSth, marched beyond Columbia thirty-three miles; 86th, marched to Pulaski; 87th, fought all day with Forrest's command, lost one raan killed; SSth, marched to Connersville, seventeen miles; 39th, marched to Shelby vUle, twenty-flve miles; 30th, marched via Normandy to 'Tullahoma, twenty- five mUes. October — 1st, marched from near TuUahoma, Tennessee, to Winchester, eight mUes; 3d, marched twenty-four miles towards ShelbyvUle; 3d, marched twenty- nine miles, camped near Lewisburg; 4th, marched twenty-seven miles to within ten miles of Pulaski; Sth, marched eighteen miles on Lewisburg road; 6th, marched thirty-six miles on Military road; 7th, marched flfteen miles, met the enemy and charged on them. Lieutenant Darrow. company M, and threfe men kiUed, two wounded; Sth, marched flfteen miles; 9th, marched twenty miles; 10th, marched twenty-flve miles, camped on Military road, twelve miles from Halls; Ilth, marched thirty-six miles toward Pulaski; 18th, in camp on Hurricane creek; 13th, marched twelve miles, camped near Pulaski pike; 14th. in camp; 15th, marched to Sugar creek, twenty-nine miles; 16th, marched twenty-one miles; 17th, to SOth, in camp one and a half mUes from the river; SOth, went out, met the enemy turned back, went to Rogersville; 31st, marched to Sugar creek, 14 mUes. November— 1st, marched from Blue Waters to Col. Huff's, thence to Shoal creek, Alabama,and encamped, flfteen miles; '3d, Sd, 4th, Sth, enemy -attacked and forced us back to Four Mile Creek, Alabama; loss heavy; 9th to I4th, in camp; 15tti, on reconnaissance to the right, camped at Taylor Springs; 13th to 30th, in camp at Taylor Springs; SOth, marched to Lexington, Tennessee, eight miles; 31st, to Lawrenceburgh, Tennessee, enemy attacked us about four p. m., tell back 14 THE adjutant's REMARKS. towards Campbellville to -within three miles of Columbia and encamped; SSth] marched across Duck river; 36th, in camp; S7th, marched flve miles; 88th marched fourteen miles east of Lewisburg pike, formed line of battle, laid in line all night; 39th, fell back sixteen miles, encamped near Franklin, Tennessee, skirmished with the enemy all day; 30th, engaged enemy all day, lost one kill ed, sgyenteen wounded, and three missing. December — 1st, marched eighteen miles from near Franklin to within flve miles of Nashville, lay in Une of battle all night; Sd, marched through Nash ville to Edgefield, ^even miles, crossed the Cumberland river; 3d to Ilth, in camp at Edgefield; 13th, m-arched from Edgefield across the Cumberland river through Ndshvillc, four miles, and encamped on Chariotte pike; 13th and 14th, in camp; ISth, advanced two miles, dismounted and skirmished on toot all day, mounted at sunset and marched six miles; 16th, marched twenty miles, one man of company B wounded by General Hammond's command firing into the column by mistake; 17th, crossed the Franklin pike, swam Harpeth river, marched twenty miles; 18th, marched ten miles to Spring Hill; 19th, in camp; 80th, marched ten miles, camped on Rutherford creek; Slst and SSd. in camp; 33d, marched across Duck river through Columbia, ten miles, 84th, regiment in advance on pike, fought all day, made a charge mounted and drove the enemy sixteen miles, two men killed and six wounded; SSth, marched flfteen miles through Pulaski; 26th, marched twelve mUes to near Sugar Creek; 87th, in camp; 38th, marched eighteen miles, caraped hear Taylor Springs; 39th, raarched flfteen miles, cainped on Little Cypress river; SOth, marched to Waterloo; Slst, in c^mp, company I and twelve men of company G, with General McCooK, in Kentiicky after horses and did not return until the last of the month, brought one hundred and thirteen horses. January, 1865 — From 1st to 17th in carap at Waterloo, Ala, ; 17th, marched eight miles, across the Tennessee river, passed through Eastport; 18th, marcjied twenty miles, passed throngh luka and Burnsville, captured six prisoners; 19ti), marched twenty-flve miles,- went into Corinth, and returned to Farraington; 80th, marched twenty miles, camped at luka, captured flve prisoners; Slst, marched fifteen miles, passed through Eastport, crossed the Tennessee river, returned to old camp; from Slst to Slst, in camp at Waterloo. February — From 1st to SSth, in camp at Waterloo, Alabama. March — From 1st to 10th, in camp at Waterloo, Alabama; Ilth, moved across the river, marched five miles; from Ilth to 38d, in camp at Chlckasaw, Alabama; SSd, marched sixteen miles; 33d, marched four miles; 34th, marched thirty miles, passed through Frankfort, and Russellville; SSth, marched thirty niiles, crossed Big Ford creek and Buttehatchie river; S6th, marched twenty-five miles on Jas per road, passed through Eldridge; 37th, marched thirty miles, passed through Jasper; 88th, crossed the Mulberry river, marched ten miles; S9th, crossed Blaclf Warrior river, marched sixteen miles; SOth, passed through Elyton, marche4 fourteen miles; Slst, marched twenty-eight miles on Tuscaloosa road. April — 1st, marched in northward direction thirty miles to Johnston Ferry; Sd, crossed Black Warrior river on a scow, horses swam, marched twelve miles; 3d. marched thirty-flve miles to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, surprised and captured the pickets at the bridge, entered the town, captured three cannon and a large num ber of prisoners;. 4th, formed line of battle around Tuscaloosa, remained there un'il the morning of the 5tb, crossed the river, burned sorhe government buildings and the bridge, marched thirty-four miles, crossed Sipsey creek, three batta,lions remained there until 4 p. m., Co. P was sent out on a scout in the morning, crossed at a ferry twelve mUes below town; 6th, marched to Bridgeville, crossed Sipsey creek, met General Adams commanding, started for Tuscaloosa, sixth Kentucky in rear was now pressed hard, second Michigan halted and formed line of battle to relieve sixth Kentucky, repulsed the enemy, three men wounded, marched forty miles; 7th, marched to Northport, twenty miles; Sth, raarched north thirteen miles; 9th, in camp;' 10th, in camp; Ilth, marched to Windham Springs, twenty miles; 13th, raarched in a northerly direction; ISth, marched flfteen miles, crossed Wolf creek; 14th, marched twenty- seven miles, crossed Lost creek and Black Warrior river; 15th, marched eight miles to Lindley Perry; sixteenth, second and third battalions crossed Sipsey river; 17th, marched ten miles; 18th, marched sixteen miles, crossed Mulberry river; ,19th, crossed Black Warrior river at Minnter's Pet-ry, marched sixteen THE adjutant's REMARKS. 15 miles to James VaUey; 30th, raarched twenty miles, easterly direction; Slst, marched thirteen mUes to Luf's Perry; SSd, crossed Coosa river, marched twelve mUes to Talladega; SSd, marched thirty miles, skirmished with General Hill's brigade, captured one p'.ece of artillery, two men killed; 34th, marched thirty miles southeast direction, crossed branch of Talladega [river; SSth, ma,rched thirty miles, passed through Bowdon, Ga., crossed 'Tallapoosa river; 36th, marched twenty -four miles, crossed Chattahoochee river; 37th, marched twenty- flve miles towards Macon; SSth, marched thirty miles; 89th, marched sixteen miles; SOth, marched eighteen miles, passed through Forsyth. May — 1st, marched eight railes, camped near Macon, Ga. ; from May 1st to Slst, in camp. June — 1st to 30th, in camp at Macon, Ga. July — 16th and 17th, companies D and L marched to Perry, sixty railes, to take charge of post, companies G and M to Thomaston, flfty miles, company- 1 to Barnesville, forty miles, company B to Forsyth, twenty-flve miles, companies P and K to Milledgeville, thirty-flve mUes. IFIEXjID T^IsTID STJ^IFIF'. Gordon Granger PhUip H. Sheridan Archibald P. Campbell. . Thomas W. Johnston William 0. Davies Selden H. Gorham Archibald P. Campbell. . Frederick Fowler Benjamin Smith Tliomas W. Johnston. . . . Marshal- J. Dickinson . . . Robert H. G. Minty Selden H. Gorham '. . . Charles P. Babcock Henry A. Shaw Russell A. Alger John C. Godley Prank W. Dickey Leonidas Scranton Marshall J. Dickinson... Benjamin Smith Harmon P. Nicholson . . . Thomas W. Johnston . . . Henry Vance Charles N. Baker.' Peter A. Schuyler George Lee Henry C. Whipple Edwin Hoyt, Jf Healy C. Akeley. ¦ Colonel. Lieut. Colonel Major. Adjutant. ENTERED SERVICE. Sept. 7, 1861 May 35, 1863 Sept. 3, 1861. Port Huron. Aug. 34, 1861, Marshall. Sept. 3. 1861, Grand Rapids " Port Huron. Aug. 85, 1861, Reading. " 36, " Grand Rapids. "84. " Marshall. " 36, " Vermontville. Sept. 3, 1861, Grand Rapids. Aug. 31, 1861, Eaton Rapids. Sept. 3. 1861, Aug. 31, 1861, East Saginaw. Sept. 3, 1861, Marshall. Aug. 36, 1861, Grand Rapids. " Vermontville. " Grand Rapids. " Muskegon. Aug. S4, 1861, Marshall. Aug. 30, 1861 Muskegon. Sept. 3. 1861. Port Huron. " Grand Rapids. Oct. 28, 1863, REMARKS. Promoted Brig. Gen'l U. S. Vol's Mar.' 26. 1863. " Oct.— , 1863, to date July 1,1862 , Discharged for disabUity Sept. 39, 1864. Mustered out as Lieut. Colonel August 39, 1865. Rc-igned Mai-ch Sl, 1863. July 7, 186S. Promoted Colonel to rank from July 1, 1863. Resigned May 9, 1863. Mustered out March 6, 1865. " Aug. 39, 1865. " as Major Aug. 17, 1865. Promoted Lieut. Col. 3d Mich. Cav. Sept. 7, 1861. " AprU 1. 1863. Resigned Oct. 36, 1863. Sept. 35, 1863. ¦ Promoted Lieut. Col. 6th Mich. Cav. Oct. 16, 1863. Resigned Sept. 18, 1863. May 7, 1863. Nov. 19, 1864, Proraoted Lieut. Col. July 31, 1865. " Sept. 13, 1863.. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. ( Promoted Colonel Dec. 31, 1864, and not mustering for want of \ the requisite number of men, was raade Lieut. Ool March 6, '65. Mustered out as Captain Aug, 17, 1865. (( .( tt tt tt Promoted Captain Co. H. April 11, 1863. '" and A. A. G. U. S.,V, March 11, 1863; Maj. and Brevet Lieut. Col U. S. V. Gen'l Sheridan's staff; let Lieut. Slst U. S. I. Died at New Orleans Oct. 29, 1867. "Promoted Captain and A. A. G. t. S. Vol. Sept. 15, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 30, 1864 " Aug. 17, 1865. ¦ Frank E. Walbridge. James B. Scott Isaac C. Griswold. . . Erastus W. Lawrence Charles L. Henderson William Brownell . . . George E. Ranney ¦William Brownell , WiUiam F. Green Jaraes A. Dunlap. . . George E. Ranney. . . Francis Drew Robert Taylor -Alphonso Gordon Peter A. Weber George Lee James B. Scott Seymour Brownell. . . John A. Brooks Quartermaster. Commissary. Surgeon. Ass't Surgeon. tl 3d " Chaplain. it Batl'n Adj't'nt. Bat'n Q'rm'ster Sept. 3, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 9, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, June 6, 1863, Sept. 3, 1861, Oct. 30, 1868,. Aug. 18, 1863, June 6, 1863, Sept. 8, 1861. Aug. 38, 1861, Sept. 8, 1861, Vermontville. Gr'nd Rapids. Detroit. Gr'nd Rapids. Gr'nd Rapids. Detroit. Hillsdale. Gr'nd Rapids. Promoted Captain A. Q. M. U. S. Vol's June 9, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 30, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Absent on detached service at muster out. Resigned Oct. 19, 1868. Mustered out Nov. 3, 1864; died at Utica, Mich., May S3, '84. " June9, '65, to accept Com'n Surgeon 136th U. S. CT. Promoted Surgeon Oct. 20, '63. 1st East Tenn. Cav. Aug. 15, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Promoted Surgeon Nov. 15, 1864. Resigned Sept. 3, 1863. for disabUity Feb'y 10, 1864. 1st Lieut. Co. E. Aug. 1, 1863. J Mustered out June 1, 1863, to accept Captaincy in 6th Mich. Cav. ( and killed, as Major, at FalUng Waters, Md., July 14, 1863. ( Promoted Regimental Adjutant — 1863; served with P. H. ( Sheridan as A. A. G. till close of was; died at New Orleans as Col. Promoted Reg. Q. M. Aug. 1, 1863; accidentally shot himself. {Mustered out Jane 1, 1863; Captain and Com. Sub. U. S. V. Oct. 38, 1863; resigned and honorably discharged Oct. 15, 1864; Major and Brevet Lieut. Colonel. Mustered out June 1, 1863. isTOi^r-oon^diivrissioisrEnD stj^:f:p. Edwin Hoyt, Jr John G. Crawford. . . James A. Strong William H. Tallman. Thomas P. Anderson Henry Gould John E. Babbitt. . . . WiUiam B. Martin. . . . Ezra Beaman Serg'nt. Major. Q'm'r Sergeant entered SERVICE. Sept. S, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids-. Sept. 36, 1861, Port Huron. Sept. 10, 1861, Grand Haven, Sept. 30, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 3, 1861, REMARKS. Appointed 3d Lieut. Co. F Sept. SO, 1863. Co. L Sept. 9, 1863. 5 1st Lieut. Sth Mich. Cav. Nov. 1, 1863. 3d Lieut. Co. D March 1, 1864; re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864. 1st Lieut, Co M Dec. 31, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga. Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disability at Hamburg, IU., April 33, 1868. Jan'y 31, 1863. Nov: 13, 1861. NAME. RANK. ENTERED SERVICE. REMARKS. Franklin N. Eaton Q'm'r Sergeant (( Com. Sergeant. Hosp. Steward. tttt Saddler Serg't. tt Veter'y Serg't. Sept. 30, 1861, Albion. Aug. 26, 1861, Galesburg. Appointed 2d Lieut. Co. P Aug. 1, 1863. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865, re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64. Transferred to Co. A April 10, 1863. Appointed Sd Lieut. Co. K Sept. 19, 1863. Discharged Jan'y 30, 1863. On detached service at muster out. Discharged Dec. 11, 1863; appointed Ass't Surgeon 10th Mich. Inf. Ami A. Brown Henry W . Walker Martin S. Williamson Erastus W. Lawrence Trueman W. Hawley George Wentworth Daniel A. Spicer Sept. 3, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. tt ' tt Oct. 9, 1861, Utica. Sept. 3, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. (( (t Aug. 18, 1863. Aug. 34, 1861, Fentonville. Sept. 7, 1861, Homer. Sept. 33, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Aug. 86, 1861, EistSa,Einaw. Sept. 3, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. It tl Sept. 13, 1861, Detroit. Sept. 2, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. tt , ,< ft tt Sept. 6, 1861, Auff. 33, 1861, East Saginaw. William E. Austin George E Ranney Discharged for disability near Corinth, Miss , June 14, 1868. Appointed Ass't Surgeon March 1, 1864. Discharged at Franklin, Term., March S9, 1863. WiUiam W. Booth Chandler Redfleld Henry H. Henshaw Adrian B Coulter Discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., Jan'y 5, 1865. Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn., June 31, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865; re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864.- Discharged for disability Jan'y 83, 1863. at Louisville-Oct. 4, 1868. Re-enlisted Jan'y 5, 1864; mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disability at Farmington', Miss. , May 33, 1863. - ApiU 8, 1863; Q. M. Sergeant. at Rienzi, Miss., Sept. 9,, 1863- ( Master of transportation; Acting Q. M. Atlanta campaign; trans- ( , ferred to Co. C; mustered out Oct. SS, 1864. Discharged for disability May 33. 1865. -iVrn«!tprpn nnt Opt 99 1864- Jacob Maurer Isaac W. Kendrick James C. Roseback Frederick Trempler Peter Haight .' Robert A. White Elder Godley George B. Whitney William Walker is.EC3-i:M:EiNrT-A.3Li Bjk.3sriD. NAME. RANK. ENTERED SERVICE. REMARKS; Abner P. Stimpson Frank Sylvester Ch. Trumpeter. Pr. Musician. Sept. 14, 1861, NUes. Sept. S, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disability near Farmington, Miss., May 21, 1862. " Jan'y 30, 1863. Benjamin P. Cheesbro John Richards Albert Atkins George P. Balcome. , George W. Davis Charles B. Field David W. Field Joseph Griswold Heniy W. Hopkins. . McCormack Lyon. . . Jefferson Powell John Ranney John Simons George E. Stevenson Louis Town Frederick Watkins.. , John Wild Pr. Musician. Musician. Sept. 2, Sept. 14 1861, Grand Rapids. , 1861, Discharged at Keokuk, Iowa, Dec. 11,-1863. Augustus Akins, died at Runyan; Miss. , Aug. 16, 1863. Discharged for disability at St. Louis, Mc, Feb'y 30, 1862. July 18, 1863. Oct. 10, 1863. May 15, 1863. Aug. 31, 1863. April 84, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 31, 1863. (( li tl Discharged for disability at Detroit July 17, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 31, 1863. ' Discharged for disability Oct. 10, 1863. Mustered out Aug. Sl, 1863. Died at New Madrid, Mo., April 15, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 31, 1863. oo2!.d:i=.A.isriEs, Co. A. NAME. BANK. ENTERED SERVICE. REMARKS. John 0. Godley George Carter Captain. tlIt 1st Lieut. tt(t 3d Lieut. tt 1st Sergeant. Q'm'r Sergeant Aug. 31, 1861, E. Saginaw. Sept. 3, 1861, Grand Rapids. Aug. 34, 1861, Warren. Sept. 1, 1861, Bay City. Aug. 31, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 33, 1861, Sept. 1, 1861, Bay City. Aug. 38, 1861, Aug. 31, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 33, 1861, Sept. 1, 1861, Bay City. Aug. 31, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 33, 1861, Aug. 31, 1861, Promoted Major Sept. 85, 1863. Resigned on account of disabiUty Nov. 5, 1863. " " ' June 6, 1864. Transferred to Co. H. Promoted Major 336th U. S. 0. T. June 8, 1865. " Captain Sept. 35, 1863. Resigned May 17th, 1863. May 4, 1864, for disabUity. Promoted Captain Sept. 33, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Promoted 1st Lieut. Sept. 35, 1863. May 37, 1863. Mays, 1864. Captain Co. B Dec. 36, 1864. 3d Lieut Jan'y 1, 1863. March 1, 1864; re-enlisted Jan'y 5, 1864. Alphonso E. Gordon. ...... John W. Kingscott. . , Walter Whittemore George Carter Merrit Blackmer Theodore F. Smith Walter Whittemore ¦Joseph M Jones Merritt Blackmer Theodore P. Smith Walter Whittemore Royal Loomis Theodore P. Smith Royal Loomis Co. A. NAME. RANK. ENTERED SERVICE. REMARKS. Walter Whittemore. Hiram J. Jenkins... Thomas Abbott Albert M. Hale Thomas C. Gordon. Jessup Moorhouse. . Joseph L. Mead George C. Clement. John Bedford David D. Stiff Michael Beyer Erastus S. Kimball. .John G. Richards... James Hutchinson. . William Walker Daniel Cole Charles Anthony. . . John Burga John Ballentine James L. Booth Alexander Boyd. . . . William S. Brown.. Irwin C. Bartlett. . . Barn ard Bourassa . . . Augustus Burling. . Washington Cahoon Jonas W. Cole WilUam Clark Alanson Canfield. . . Albert J. Demaree.. WUliam Dalmage. . . James W. Davis. . . . Edward DemaW. , . . Charles Douslass. . . I'm'r Sergeant (( Corporal. Musician, (. Farrier. It Private. Sept. 1, 1861, Bay City. Aug. 38, 1861, Aug. Sl, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. S3, 1861, Aug. 37, 1861, Saginaw City. Aug. 38, 1861, Bay Cily. Aug. 36; 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 38, 1861, Saginaw City. Bay City. E. Saginaw. Aug. Sept. Aug.Aue.Aug.Aug.Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug.Aug.Sept. Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Aug.Aug. Sept. 33, 1861, 3, 1861, 33, 1861, 37, 1861, 38, 1861, Sl, 1861, S8, 1861, 1, 18'61, Bridgeport.E. Saginaw. Bay City. Sagina-w City. Bay City. 31, 1861, S3, 1861, E. Saginaw. 38, 1861, Bay City. 1, 1861, 88, 1861, E. Saginaw. 1, 1861, Bay City. 31, 1861, 88, 1861, 31, 1861, Saginaw City. 31,1861. " , 1, 1861, Bay City. Promoted 8d Lieut. May 37, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged at Detroit, Nov. 17. 1864. Sergeant; discharged at Nashville Oct. 83, 1864. Discharged for disability at Pranklin, Tenn., May 5, 1863. Promoted 1st. Lieut. 7th Mich. Cav. June 11, 1863. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Died at Triune, Tenn. , June 11, '63, of wounds recei.ved in action. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Serg't " " , " " Transferred to N. C. S. ; principal musician. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug>17, 1865. Promoted Veterinary Sergeant Dec. 1, 1861. Discharged at NashvUle. Tenn.,^Oct. 38, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga. , Aug. 17, 1865; re-enlisted Jan'y 5, '64. Died of typhoid fever in hospital near Farmington, Miss. , Jul. 9, '64. Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. ( Shot by the enemy while on picket duty, near Point Pleasant. ] Mo., March 7, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '63; re-enlisted Jan'y 5, '64. Corporal; transferred to Marine Brigade March 3, 1863. Killed in action at Pulaski. Tenn.. Sep. 38, '64; re enlisted Jan. 5, '64, Mustered out at Detroit July 33, 1865. Discharged for disability at Steveiison, Ala., Sept. 4, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disability at Columbus, Ohio, April 15, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; in hospital at Jeffer'n Barr'ks at muster out. Corporal; transferred to V. R. C. Jan'y 4, 1864. Discharged for disability at St. Louis, Mo., June 14, 1862. June S, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Alfred Fo^ William Fisher Charles A. Prieker. . . . Elias O. Graves AlonZo Gaines Walter A. Griffin James P. Green Ira Graves. Eben Groover Thomas Hazzard Calvin C. Higgins Joseph Hoag Sylvester Hulbert ReuTien §. Harper William Head James H. Henderson. . . Thomas Jameson " Francis Jackson Joseph M. Jones. Luther Jones Henry Lockwood John W. Love Charles Lyon Ezekiel Lemon WiUiam Lemon Henry Lansing Andrew McCann. . . . . . Finley McDonley Alpheus Martindale Marshman Maxon WiUiam W. Middaugh. David D. Manly RosviUe D. Miller John H. McDonald Jerome Oliver Private. Sept. 1, 1861, Bay City. (( tt Aug. 30, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, Aug. 30, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. S3, 1861, Bridgeport. Aug. Si, 1861, Bay City. Sept. 3, 1861, Sept. 16, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 31, 1861, Sept. 18, 1861, Aug. SS, 1861, Midland. Aug. 31, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 38, 1861, Bay City. Sept. 16, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 38, 1861, Bay City. Sept. 3, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 31, 1861, Bay City. Aug. SO, 1861, Saginaw. Aug. 31, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 37, 1861, Saginaw. Sept. 16, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 31, 1861, Bav City. Sept. 16, 1861, B. "Saginaw. Sept. 1, 1861, Bay City. Sept. 3, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, Pine Run. Bay City. Aug. 36, 1861, E. Saginaw. Sept. 3, 1861, Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; Serg't, must'd out Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65- it tt It It It It Corporal; dischirged for disability at Louisville, Ky., Oct. 8, '63. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; must'd out at Macon, Ga,, Aug. 17, '65; serg't " " " " " Corp. Sergeant; discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Re-eniisted Jan. 5, 1865; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disability at Louisville, Ky., Nov. 7, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17. '65. tl tl - <( tt (C (r Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. ( Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; transferred to V. R. C. April 31, 1865; ( discharged at Springfield, III., Aug. 18, 1865. Discharged for disabiUty at St. Louis, Mo. , Oct 39, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '65; Corp.; must'd out Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Serg't; appointed 1st Lieut. Sept. 33, 1864; re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; Corp.; must'd out Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. ( Re-enlisted Jan'y 5, 1864; died April 4, 1865 at Tuscaloosa, Ala., \ , of wounds received in action. Discharged by order Sept. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Transfen-ed to Miss. Marine Brigade Jan'y 1, 1863. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. 22, 1864. Bie-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; Serg't; must'd out at Detroit June 33, '65. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Detroit July 10, 1865. . Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disability at St. Louis, Mo.. June 37, 1863. Wounded; discharged at Louisville Ky.. Dec. 17, 1862. Co. A. ENTERED SERVICE. REMARKS. Leonard Parker. . George-Peel William Parks John S. Parks., James Ross Thomas Redson Urhin Reichel Frederick Reynor WiUiam Rice Robert Sears, Jr Frank S. Schmeltzer Jonathan W. Schnicker Charles Siphy Orestes ^atkins Thomas H. Way Freeman S. Wolverton. . Seth WiUiams Lewis Washburn WUliam W. Wright.... Lester H. Vankoughnett David G. Walton RECRUITS. Thomas Adams George H. Allhouse Friend Alvord WasL^gton Ames Lewi^ Andrews Samuel E. Andrews Robert Armstrong Theodore Arthur Emerson M. AveriU San'ders L. Bragne Private. Saddler. Wagoner. Private. Aug. 88, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. 29, 1861, Saginaw. Sept. 2, 1861, E. Saginaw. Sept. 16, 1861, Aug. 28, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, Sept. 1, 1861, Bay City. Aug. 35, Aus;. 81, Aug. 38, tt Sept. 16, Aug. 36, Aug. 37, Aug. 39, Aug 18, Sept. 16, Aug. 30, Aug. 82, Sept. S, 1861, Flint. 1861, E. Saginaw. 1861, Bay City. 1861, E. Saginaw. 1861,1861, 1861, 1861, Bay Cily. 1861, E. Saginaw. 1861, Bay City. 1861, Saginaw. 1861, E. Saginaw. Nov. 16, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 30, 1863, Detroit. Nov. 17, 1863, Dec. 9, 1863, Sterline. Oct. 29, 1863, Grand Rapids Aug. 17, 1863, Allegan. Ifov. IS, 1863, Pontiac. tt tt Dec. 30, 186S, Grand Rapids Oct. 29, 1863, Corunna. (Wounded; discharged at St. Louis, Mo., May 87, 1868; died I June S, 1863, at St. Louis, Mo. ' Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 88, 1864. for disabUity at 'St. Louis, Mo., Aug. S3, 1868. Re-enlistcd Jan. 5, 1861; on detached service at muster out. Died of disease at New Madrid, Mo., March 84, 1863. Wounded; discharged for disabilily at Detroit, Aug. 8, 1868. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. ( Missing in action at Chicamauea, Sept. 30, 1863; returned; dis- ) charged at NashvUle, Tenn.. Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disability, Jan. 30, 1863; kick by a horse. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. ' Discharged at Nashville, fenn., Oct. 32, 1864. Re. enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon , Ga. , Aug. 17, '65. " " promoted Hospital Steward March 1, 1865. Discharged Dec. 15, 1862; kick by a horse. Discharged at Quiflcy, J4l., Nov. 8, 1862. Nashvilje, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; discharged at Camp Chase, O., June 16, '65. " " . mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disability at Rienzi, Miss'., July 35, 1863. at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. ( Transferred to V. R. C, Jan. 4, 1864; mustered out at Washing- I ton, D. C, Sept. 4, 1865. Mustered out at Detroit, July 17, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, .Tan. 4, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., A\2%. 17, 1865. Discharged by order, Aug. 35, 1865. at Nashville, Tenn., June 20. 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of chronic diarrhea at NashvUle, Tenn., Sept. 20, 1864. Died of typhoid fever at Franklin, Tenn., Aug. ,35, 1864. Lavinus Babcock WillianiBailey "Charles W. Baker Coradan A. -Barrows John W. Beach WUliam BeU Christian Berge Mathew Bezalium. James R. BeU Theodore A. Blake David Boswell. George Brummer.' Washington Brown WilUam Brown David Cantine Taylor R. Chapman JohuE. Conklin Malcom B. Davis Orin B. Deming Abram Demay James Douglass. Stewart Drummond Malcom Dunning John Flinn Elijah Gibbs Abraham Gressfell Benjamin P. Hitchcock. . . . Thomas W. Johnston Arthur Kidd. WiUiam Koster John Matthews Jehile Oliver George W. Osborn Alexander Perry Alonzo Percival Horace Richardson Henry P. Richardson Private. Nov.84,-' Oct. 27, Oct. 29 Aug. 15 Oct. 39, Nov. 29 Nov. 14; Jan. 37, Aug. 30, Oct. 89 Nov. 11 Nov. 10, Jan. 18, Nov. 10, Apr. 16, July 31 Nov. ii: Nov. 10 Nov. 17, Nov. 9 Aug. 13, Nov. 5 Aug. 21 Dec, 28 Aug. 18, Oct. 35 Nov. 11 Aug. 14, Nov. 10 1863, 1863, 1863, 1864, 1863, 1863,1863, 1864,1864,1863, 1863,1863, Pontiac. Grand Rapids. Kalamazoo.Gr'nd Rapids. Corunna. Pontiac. Detroit. E. Saginaw. Jackson. Gr'nd Rapids. Pontiac. 1864, Gr'nd Rapids 1863, Pontiac. 1863, Pranklin, Ten 1862, Gr'nd Rapids. 1861,1863, Pontiac. 1863, Pontiac. 1863, Jackson. 1863, E. Saginaw. 1863, Pontiac. 1863, B. Saginaw. 1863, Gr'nd Rapids. 1864, Jackson. 1863, Gr'nd Rapids. 1863, Pontiac. 1863, E. Saginaw. 1863, Pontiac. Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Mustered out at Madisoi), Ind., June 8, 1863. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. It (. It It Corporal; mustered out at Macon, Ga. , Aug. 17, 1865. Killed in action near Mossy Creek, Tenn. , Dec. 39, 1863. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., May 18, 1865. " " Camp Chase, Ohio, June 17, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Auar. 17, 1865. " Springfield, IU.,"Sept. 1, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, Feb. 11, 1865. Discharged for disabUity, May 19, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17. 1865. " Nashville, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. " Jackson, Mich., Aug. 31, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17. 1865. Died at Nicholasville. March — , 1863. Discharged for disability, Oct. 3, 1863. Killed in action at Lynnville, Tenn., Dec. 14, 1864. Discharged for disability at Detroit, July 1, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. " Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Corporal; mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30, 1865. Died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 14, 1864. Discharged for disability at Detroit, Aug. 3U, 1863 " " at St. Louis, Mo., Oct. 39, 1863. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30, 1865. Died of measles in hospital at Nashville, 'Tenn., May 3, 1864. Mustered out at Detroit, Sept. 9, 1865. " Nashville, Tenn., May 30, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. " Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30. 1865. Died of chronic diarrhea at Jefferson, Mo., May 10, 1865. Co. A. NAME. John G. -Schneidman. Charles Snyder Jacob C. Stine George L. Stephens... George L. Stearns Solomon Sutliff Frederick Trempler. . . Jehiel Wheeler Martin S. WiUiamson. Co. B. Henry A. Shaw Philo W. Rogers MarshaU J. Dickinson MarshaU P. Thatcher, Royal Loomis PhUo W. Rogers Charles A. WithereU.. WiUiam H. McGraw. . Edwin Hoyt, Jr James W. Gladding. Isaac Griswold Marshall J. Dickinson WiUiam H. McGraw.. James W. Gladding. . Henry M. Hempstead. Birney E. Shaw WilUam H. McGraw.. WiUard H. Dickinson. Martin Montgomery.. Jacob M. Perrine James W. Gladding. . . Birney E. Shaw ) Private. Captain. 1st Lieut. Snd Lieut. 1st Sergeant. Q'm'r Sergeant Sergeant. ENTERED SERVICE, Aug. 11, 1864, Corunna. Aug. 25, 1864, Jackson. Oct. 24, 1864, Kalamazoo. Aug. 24, 1864, Oct. 27, 1863, Corunna. Sept. 12, 1861, Detroit. Sept. 3, 1863, Gr'nd Rapids. Aug. 21, 1861, Eaton Rapids. Aug. 24, 1861, ^ . " Aug, 36, 1861, VermontviUe. Sept. 2, 1861, Port Huron. Aug. 31, 1861, E. Saginaw. Aug. S4, 1861, Eaton Rapids. Nov. 5, 1863 Sept. 9, 1861', Dansville. Sept. 2, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 9, 1861, Eaton Rapids. •• Vermontville. Aug. 26, 1861, Sept. 9, 1861, DansviUe. " Eaton Rapids. Aug. 34, 1861, MarshaU. Sept.. 9, 1861, Eaton Rapids. " DansviUe. " Vermontville. " Eaton Rapids. REMARKS. Discharged for disability at Detroit, Aug. 85, 1863. Died of typhoid fever at Nashville. Tenn., Dec. 14, 1864. Discharged by order, June SO, 1865. Mustered out, at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30, 1865. t Transferred to V. R. C, Feb. 11, 1865; mustered out at Burn- j " side Barracks, Md. , Aug 14, 1865. (Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; transferredto N. C. S. as Saddler Ser- ¦I geant, June 37, 1865; transferred back, July 3, 1865; (no I . further record.) Discharged -r (no further record.) Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. 3, 1864. Promoted Major Nov. 18, 1861. Acted as Captain but never commissioned, see 1st Lieut. Promoted Major Sept. 13, 1863. Mustered out Feb. 8, 1865. , Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865.- Died of disease at Evansville, Ind., May 17, 1863. Resigned May 39, 1863. Resigned Aug. 37, 1863. Promoted Adjutant March 1,-1864. Resigned Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865, Promoted Captain May 17, 1862. Promoted 1st Lieut, to rank from Jan. 30, 1863. March 1, 1864. " Captain Co. L to rank from Dec. 22, 1864. Resigned March 31, 1865. Appointed 2d Lieut. Sept. 8, 1868. Discharged for disability near Corinth, Miss., June 14, 186S. Discharged at Detroit July 11, 1863. Discharged for disabiUty at FrankUn, Tenn., May 31, 1863. Appointed 3d Lieut. Jan. 30, 1863. Sept: 30, 1864; re-enlisted Jan, 5, 1864. Stark Lampman. . . . John Graham Henry M. Lindsley.. Isaac Griswold John Toung ; . , Lewis M. Loveless. . . James McQueen Levi Dunn Timothy Boyer Elbridge Fairfield.. . Daniel H. Powers. . . Michael Belger John Annis - Joseph Avery Augustus Beldon. . . . James Buskirk Ezra BeU -. Emery Revard William N. Beekman Jphn S. Bosworth. . . Joseph Boyer Dwight Barnum Uriah Beers. . Andrew Beers Johann _Bryer John Brown Henry C. Burham, . . John Chadwick Charles Crabtree.. . . . Henry Cramer Henry Collins Leander S. Curtis. .... Daniel Campbell Jpseph M- Cramer. . . Corporal. Sept. 9, imi, Charlotte. '• Eaton Rapids. Dansville. Vermontville. r( Sunfleld. Musician. Farrier. Sept. 39, Sept, 9, 18611861 Grand Ledge. Eaton Rapids. Charlotte. If , Vermontville. Eaton Rapids. Private. ((((ttft tttl DansvUle.Eaton Rapids. 11 Dansville. Vermontville. Chester. Vermontville. Charlotte. Sunfleld. Eaton Rapids. DansvUle. Oct 13, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 9, 1861, Dansville. '• Charlotte. It (1 " Eaton Rapids. " Dansville. ' ' Eaton Rapids. • ' Roxand. (Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; Com, Serg't; mustered out at Macon, 1 Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disability April S3, 1863. at Na«hvillp, Tenn., Feb. 31, 1864. j Re-enlisted Jan. 5. 1864 ; Q. M. Serg't ; appointed 1st Lieut, to ] rank from Oct. 1, 1864. j Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; Q. M. Serg't ; mustered out at Macon, 1 Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of typhoid fever at Hamburg, Tenn., June 3, 1862. Discharged for disabUity at New Madrid, Mo., April 3, 1862.' Died of disease at Hamburg, Tenn., July 19. 1862. Discharged for disabUity at Detroit July 9, 1863. Died of disease at St. Louis, Mo., June 28, 1863. Discharged for disability at Corinth, Miss., June 14, 1863. ' at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 18, 1863. Transferred to' V. R. C. DecVi,' 1863. - Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64 ; mustered out at Macon, Ga , Aug. 17, '65. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. Died of typhoid fever at Hamburg, Tenn., May 1, 1863. Discharged for disability May 30, 1863. Re-enlisied Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disability at Detroit, July 34, 1863. Died of pneumonia at'Bentoti Barracks, St. Louis, Jan. 18, 1863.. " disease at New Madrid, Miss., April 14, 1863. " pneumonia at St. Louis, Dec. S, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg't; must'd out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. it tl It tl .( " corp. Died of typhoid fever near Pa,rmington, Miss., July 14, 1863. Transferred to 3d Iowa Cavalry, Jan. — , 1863. Died at Evansville, Ind., Sept. 15, 1863. Discliarged at Detroit, July 3, 1863. I Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disabiUty at St, Louis, Mo., July 8, 1863, Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; corp. ; must'd out at Macon, Ga , Aug. 17, '65. Co. B. NAME. Peter Dow Abraham Dakin Eugene EUis Leonard Ferris William H. Francis. Hiram Pry. Elias D. Fowler Henry Graves Henry L. Gould George Hull Seymour Houghton., Forbes W.Hults... Francis Hicke Williain F. Hunt .. Nathan Jennie , Bratford B. Jones. . John H. KimbaU. . . Warren A. Loveless Lorenzo D. Losey. . Rufus Lisco George W. Lawhead Newell Miller , Robert Means William Merritt. . . . George D. .Nelson . . , Jerome O'Neil , Morris Olmstead Henry Pen-ine Sylvanus Palamtur. , Henry W. Palamtur. William H. Pole... Job Reynolds Reuben O. Russell. . Ch'arles Reed RANK. Private. ENTERED SERVICE. Sept. 9, 1861, Sunfleld. Dansville. Vermontville. Eaton Rapids. Dansville. Eaton Rapids. (( Charlotte. Sept. 30, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 9, 1861, Eaton Rapids. Detroit. Vermontville, DansviUe. Vermontville. Eaton Rapids. Roxand. Eaton Rapids. Grand Ledge. Eaton Rapids. Vermontville. Charlotte. DansviUe. BeUevue. Eaton Rapids. Vermontville. Charlotte. Eaton Rapids. Chariotte. BeUevue. Eaton Rapids. REMARKS. Died of typhoid fever near Farmington, Miss., Aug. ^3, 1868. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; Corp.; must'd out Macon, Ga., Aug. 17. '65. ( Missing in action at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 84, 186S; died of j chronic diarrhea at Andersonville, Ga., May 30, 1864. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 38, 1864. Corporal; trainsferred to V. R. C., Jan. 15, 1864. Discharged for disabUity at Detroit, Sept. 2, 1862. Discharged at St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 86, 1863. Corporal; discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 22, 1864. Promoted Sergeant Major March 31, 1865; re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864. Died at Henderson, Ky., May 24, 1863. Re-enUsted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Died of typhoid fever at Hamburg Landing, Tenn., May 7, 1863. Discharged at Detroit, Dec. 14. 1864. June 38, 1865. Died at New Albany, Ind., Oct. 8, 1862. ' .¦ , Discharged for disability at Detroit, July 1, 1862. •: at Keokuk, Iowa, Aug. 21, 1863. Died of measles at St. Louis, Dec. 2, 1861. " typhoid fever near Farmington, Miss., June 29, 1862. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon,. Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg't: must'd out atMacon.Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disability at §t. Louis, Mo., June 3, 1862. at Mossy Greek. Tenn., Dec. 33, 1863, .for promotion. at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. 32, 1864. Died of typhoid fever at Earmington, Miss. , June 27, 1863. Died at NashvUle, Tenn., July 6, 1864, irom accidental shot. Discharged at Grand Rapids, Mich. for disability at Detroit, July S4, 1863. at NaAviUe, Tenn., Oct. 22, 1864. at Detroit, July 9, 1863. Serg't; died at DanvUle, Va., April 11. 1864, of scorbutis, in prison. Died of typhoid fever on board hospital boat. May 9, 1862. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17,'65. Morris Roger. WHlis R. Rogers Benjamin Root Zina Snyder Lucius Torrey William Thompson. . . Charles G. Thompson Munroe Wright Austin Walker Solomon Wetherell. . . Jerome Wheeler Samuel Walters Edward Watson Silas H.Wilson David Young Daniel Vickery. Charles S. Preston. . . Alien M. Hobbs RECRUITS. David Barnum Charles Ballinger Henry Badder Daniel Beasey Robert B. Beasey Oliver B. Beasey James M. Beirkey Edwin A. Birch Emery Rivard Francis Bolton Reuben D Bowen Michael Boylen t Michael Brennan. . . . Lyman Bristol WUUam Burton James Byrne CH. CampbeU ..... Private. Saddler. Wagoner. Private. Sept. 9, 1861, Chariotte. " Vermontville. " Eaton Rapids. tt It " Roxand. " Eaton Rapids. Vermontville. Sept. 39, 1861, Eaton Rapids. Sept. 9, 1861, Nov. 14, 1863, Jackson. Nov. 31, 1863, Pontiac. Aug. 13, 1864, Corunna. Dec. 33, 1863, .Tackson. Dec. 13, 1863, c* tt Nov. 3, 186S, Kalamazoo. Nov. 19, 1863, Pontiac. Aug. 31, 1864, Jackson. Oct. ib, 1863,' Alien.' Nov. S3, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 35, 1863, Oct. SO, 1863, Corunna. Aug. 15, 1862, Grand Rapids. Nov. 14, 1863, Detroit. Nov. 10, 1862, Reading. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864. j " " " -sergeant; killed in action at Grf ord, Ala.,. ( Api-U 33, 1865. Discharged at Corinth, Sept. 13, 1862. for disabUity at Detroit, July 18. 1868. Aug. 18, 1863. Died of consumption at Keokuk, Iowa, July 35, 1863. Discharged for disabUity at St. Louis, Mo., May 3. 1862. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; Corp ; must'd out Macop, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Serg't; " " Farrier; " ¦' .. ¦( .( It Discharged for disabiUty at Detroit, Aug. 35, 1863. Died of typhoid fever at Rienzi, Miss., July 84. 1862. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged at Keokuk, Iowa, Aug. 23, 186-3. " for disability af St. Louis, May 3, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon , Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disability at Detroit, July 1, 1863. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 35, 1864.' Mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. It tl (I .( Died of disease at Waterloo. Alabama, March 16, 1865. Corporal; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of abscess of head at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 4, 1864. Unaccounted for. Killed in action at Oxford, Alabama, AprU 33, 1865. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30, 1865. Serg't; re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; must'd out Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 37. 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Transferred to Co. K. Mustered out at Detroit Aug. 31, 1865. Unaccounted for. Prisoner of war since Sept. 27, 1864; at muster out. Unaccounted for. Co. B. NAME. Henry Casey. WiUiam B. Chandler.. Timothy Clooman ^ Hiram Cole •. . James Collins Philo Collins. Andrew B. Coon Henry Cbrkendall Abel Cruson John Craig William D. De Cburey Louis Dechard. James W. Ellis.... ." . Alfred Fay Charles Fulkerson' C. H. Furgeson...". . .. G. E. Gates.... ..... David Gibbs Patrick Hays ' Duane Hawkins. .'.'. . . Emery E. Hackett.". . . Holland Hart Hans Isaac HoUinbeck Jerome Hutchinson . . . -John Hutt. . . .. Merritt Hulse Henry Jones Charles Jones Joseph B. Lamaihe. . . Alexander Ledessiiner. Andrew J. Lensbaugh ^Frederick Lensbaugh. WiUianr Lowe. . ...... Private. ENTERED SERVICE. Nov. 17, Oct 37, Oct. 39, Nov. 1, Aug. 84, Aug. IS, Oct. so; Nov. 3, Oct. 38, Nov. 17, 1863, 1863, 1863, 1861, 1861, 1864, 1863, 1863, 1863, 1863, Detroit.Kalamazoo. It Grand Rapids. Bloomfield..Jackson. Grand Rapids; tl' Corunna. Pontiac. Nov. 7, 1SB3, Pontiac. Aug. 18, 1864, Jackson. Jan. 4, 1864, Aug. S3, 1863, Gr'nd Rapids. Aug. IS, 1863, Grand Rapids. Nov. 5, 1862, Reading. May 27, 1864. Jackson. Au.glS, 1862, Grand Rapids. Aug. 31, 1864. Jackson. Aug. 18, 1864, Oct. 28, 1863, Corunna. Nov. 14, 1863, Jackson. Aug. 12, 1862, Gr'nd-Rapids. Nov. 4, 1863, Pontiac. Oct. 1,1864 Oct. 27, 1862, Cambria. Nov. 4, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 10, 1863, Jackson. Nov. 4, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 9, 1863, Gr'nd Rapids. Nov; briSej Gr'nd Rapids. Sick at Pulaski, Tenn., since Dec. 34, 1864, at muster out. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of consumption at Chariotte, Mich., July 30, 1863. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., June 8, 1865. Died of chronic diarrhea at Cahawba, Alabama, March 35, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged May 3, 1865.^ Killed in action at Cassville, Ga., May 17, 1864. Transferred to 3d Mich. Battery, Oct. 33, 1863. Mustered out al Detroit, May 35, 1865. " Edgefleld, Tenn., June 20. 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, Jan. 3, 1865; discharged Aug. 14. 1865. ' Discharged at Detroit Sept. 1, 1864. Unaccounted for. Corporal; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30, 1865. ;," NashviUe, Tenn., Junes, 1865. Died of bronchitis at Jeffersonville; Ind., Jan. 15, 1865. KiUed in action at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 34, 1863. ( Transferred to V. R. C, Feb. 11, 1865; mustered out at Burn- j side Barracks, Md., Aug 14, 1865. Mustered out at Davenport, Iowa, May 89, 1865, ClaS.,^tache.d-serviee.a4; muster out. Muitired out at Macon, 0$,. , Aug. 17, 1865. Transferred to Co. I, Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga.,. Aug. 17, 1865. tt It ti It ( Transferred to V. R. C, April 21, 1865; mustered out at Spring- ! field, HL, Aug. 17, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, AprU Sl, 1865. Killed in action at Lavergne, Tenn , Sept. 1. 1864. Patrick McCann.. . . . . Michael Metcalf. . . ; . . John P. MUler. . ..; Edward Mclntyre... . . Woodruff McMurray. Jacob I. Ohlar. Sylvester Olmstead. . . James E. Parks A. C. Peterson. ..;... C. B. Phelps ........ Amasa D. Place. . . . . . MiUard PoweU. ...... James E. Roys. . : . . . George H. Sch!a;ppi . . Otis Shea ;... Alfred Shirk Wilbur Showier. . . . . . Peter, Simot Samuel S. Stout ...... Andrew Stout , Robert Stevenson. . . . . J. H. Stage Samuel Sumwalt Adolphus Taifer Hiram Tubbs ........ Urial B. Walker Charles W. Watkins. ' Daniel WUliams. William C . Young. . Co. C. Russell A. Alger. . . .- . John M. Weatherwax Martin L. Squier; . . .- Henry C. Whipple. . Private. Captain. 1st I^ieut. Dec. 33, 1863; Grand Rapids, Nov. 6, 1863; Jackson. Feb. 4, 1864, Vermontville Nov. 5, 1863, Jackson. Aug. 14, 1863, Gr'nd Rapids Sept. 37, 1863, Hillsdale. Nov. 14 1863, Jackson. Oct. 87, 1863, HUlsdale. Nov. 8, 1863, Pontiac. Oct. Jan. 38, 1863, Corunna. 4, 1864, Jackson. 38, 1863-, Corunna. SO. 1863, Jackson. Oct.Nov.Aug. 13, 1863, Grand Rapids. Sept. S7, 1863; HUlsdale. Nov. 6, 1863, Jackson. Aug. 14, 1863, Grand Rapids. (( ft Nov. 7, 1863, Jackson. Nov. 5, 1S6S; Hillsdale. Aug. 18, 1864, Jackson. Nov. 4, 1863; Pontiac.; Oct. - 38, 1863, Corunna.! Oct, 31, 1861, DansviUe. Aug. 18, 1863. Grand Rapids. Nov. 6, 1863, Jackson. Sept. 8, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. tt tt Sept. 85, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 186,i. ti It tl .11 Discharged for disability at Detroit, June 1, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1683. II « f tl It " Nashville, Tenn., June 3, 1865. " Edgefield, Tenn., June 80, 1865. Discharged for disability at Franklin, Tenn., April 4, 1863. ( Missing in action at North Cross Roads, Nov. 30, 1864; returned; I discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, June 16, 1865. Transferred to 3d Mich. B-ittery, Oct. 33, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C, Feb 4, '65; died at Louisville, June 8, '65. Mustered dut at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. { Missing in action at Oxford. Ala., April 33, 1865, mustered out ) Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged at Davenport, -Iowa, May SO, 1865. Died of typhoid fever at New Albany, Ind., Sept. 30, 1863. Mustered out at Edsefleld, Tenn., Jiine 30, 1865. Sick at Nashville, Tenn., since June 1, 1865, a,\ muster fut. Mustered out at Edgefleld Tenn., June 30, 1865. Discharged at Nicholasville, Ky., Jan. 34, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865; Unaccounted for. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30, 1865. ¦' Macon,Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Mustered out at Detroit, June 5, 1865. Discharged for disability at Evansville, Ind., Dec. 3, 1863.- "• forappoiiitmentinU. S. Col'rd Troops, Sept. 14, 1864. J Discharged for disability at Nicholasville, Feb. 8, 1863; reported died at Chattanooga, Tenn , no date. Sick at Knoxville, since Jan. 80, 1864. Promoted Major AprU 3, 1863; \ Mustered out Oct. 33, 1864. " Aug. 17, 1865. Promoted Adjutant April 15, 1863. Co. C, NAM^. Alphonso E. Gordon. , Martin L. Squier .... franklin Perkins. . . ., John M. Weatherwax John J. McCormick. . Martin L. Squier. Royal H. Loomis Frank N. Eaton...... Prank Burr Adrian Yates , WUliam W. Henry. . , James C. Acker. Nelson P. Austin Oscar D. Robinson. . . , Alfred Fayant John G. Snyder John H. Squier.. Thomas A." Brown Uzel B. Mclntyre James Holpen Hiram C. Francis Levi Barber Henry P. Adams tfri M. Nipbols , Andrew J. JFrench . ; . . Herman E. Wood Robert G. Mason Martin L. Squier Joseph B. Arnold WiUianj Brown j^emuel E. Brooks jutson D. B liley Hufus W. Bliss ,SariieU W. Briggs Robert E. Crotty 1st Lieut. 8d Lieut. 1st Sergeant. Q'm'r Sergeant Corporal. Musician. (( Farrier. It Saddler. Wagoner. Private. ENTERED SERVICE. Sept. 3, 1861 Sept. 85, 1861 Aug. 39, 1861 Sept. 8, 1861 Sept. 1, 1861 Sept. 85. 1861 Aug. 81, 1861 Sept. 30. 1861 Aug. 37, 1861 Aug. 38, 1861 Sept. 5, 1861 Aug. 31, 1861 Aug. 37, 1861 Sept. 13, 1861 Sept. 3, 1861 Sept. 35, 1861 Sept. 9. 1861 Sept. S, 1861 Sept. 9, 1861 Aug. 37,1861 Sepf.-39, 1861 Sept. 35, 1861 Aus. 31, 1861 Sept. 9. 1861 Sept. 3, 1861 Sept. 33, 1861 Sept. 35, 1861 Oct. 3, 1861 Sept. 9, 1861 Sept. 14. 1861 Sept. 31, 1861 Sept. 23, 1861 Oct. 8, 1861 Aug. 31, 1861 Grand Rapids, E Saginaw; Albion. • Grand Rapids, REMARKS. Promoted Captain Co. D, M-ay S, 1863. Oct. 33, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Promoted Captain, July 1, 1863. '• Ist Lieut. Co. I, April 15, 1863. March 1,1864. " » Captain Co. B, Dec. 86, 1864. 1st Lieut Co. T, Oct. 7, 1864. Discharged July 9; 1863, for promotion 1st Lieut. 4th Mich. Cav. Transferred to 3d Mich. Cav. Oct. 8, 1861 Di-charged July 33, 1863. Discharged at Detroit Oct. 3, 1864. Discharged near Hamburg, "Tenn ', May S, 1863. Absent, sick at Commerce, Mo., March 2, 186S; no further record. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg., must'd out at Macon, Ga.,Aug. 17, '65. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg., must'd out at Macon, Ga.,Aug. 17, '65 ^Discharged at Detroit, Oct. 39, 1862. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg., must'd outatMacon,Ga., Aug. 17 '65. Discharged at Pranklin, Tenn., March 33, 1863. Discharged for disability at St. Louis. Mc, Oct. 14, 1868. Discharged at LouisviUe, Ky., Oct. 20. 1882. Discharged at Benton Barracks, Mo., Feb. 14, 1862. Re-enlisted Jan. S; 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga. , Aug. 17, '65. Left sick at New Madrid April 12, 1863. Discharged at St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 83, 1863. Discharged at Hamburg, Tenn., May 8, 1868. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. Appointed 3d Lieut; AprU 15, 1863. Discharged at LouisviUe, Ky. Discharged for disabjlify at Keokuk, Wis., Nov. 15, 1863. Mustereo out at Detroit, June 30, 1865. Died'Of ^%yphoid fevef'at Benton Barracks, Mo., Feb. 20, 1862. Died of inflammatory rheumatism at St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 24 '63 Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 22, 1864. ' Corporal, discharged at Detroit, Jan. 17, 1865. Joseph B. Copeland. Daiiiel Chapin John S. Corliss Trumaii F. Cook David Dudley Samuel L. Dufley Charles Dunham Jacob M. Dubois. . . William H. Fifleld . . Buel Gill Myron Garlick. . James H. Hadden . . , James W. Hotchkiss, George W. Haas. . . . , Jonathan Huntley. . , Edward Haslam .... Henry H. Henshaw. MelviUHUl Joseph E. Hooper. . . Charles Henshaw. . . , Peter R. Johnson. . . Patrick McNamara. Marcus H. McCoy. . Lemuel Maxfleld. . . Robert HcLenathan Franklin R. Marsac. Daniel C. Marsac. . John J. McCormick John D. Moon Harvey Olmstead. . . Joseph Palmer. .... Covert S. Rosegrant Ithamer RoEegrant. . Cyrus Reynolds John Reinshagen. . . Private. 9, 1861, Grand Rapids Sept. 31, 1861, Sept. 2S, 1861, Sept. 14, 1861, Aug. Sl, 1861, Sept. 17, 1861, Sept. 19, 1861, Sept. 17, 1861, Sept. 10, 1861, Aug. 13, 1861, Aug. 88, 1861, Sept. 5, 1861, Sept. 10, 1861, Sept. 16, 1861, Sept, 19, 1861, Sept. 23, 1861, Sept. 34, 1861, Sept. 86, 1861, Sept. 83, 1861, Sept. 9, 1861, Sept. IS, 1861, tt Sept. 18, 1861, Sept 23, 1881, Sept. 1, 1861, Oct. 3,. 1881, Sept. 17, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, ] Sept. 16, 1861, Sept. 7, 1861, Sept. 84, 1861, Dibchaiged at EvansvUle, Ind., Jan. 30, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out atMacon, Ga , Aug. 17, '65. sUp'd killed by exp. sir. SuUana Apr. 38,'65 " " mustered out at Macoa.Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Unaccounted for. Discharged for disability at Detroit, Feb. 84, 1883. j Corporal; missing in action at Chicamauga, Ga., Sept. 30,1863; j discharged at Detroit, May 5, 1865. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 83, 1864. , ( Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; killed in action at Shoal Creek, Tenn,., j Nov. 5. 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg't; must'd outat Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65 Absent sick AprU 13, 1863; no further record. Mustered out at Detroit, July 15, 1865; re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864. Discharged at Corinth, Miss., Sept. 11, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged at St. Louis, STo., May 13. 1863. af Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 28, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan, 5, 1864; promoted Hospital Steward, April 14, '64. " " absent sick since Dec. 17, '64, at muster out Died of typhoid fever at New Madrid, Mo., April 9, 1883. Discharged at Detroit March 17, 1863. at Corinth, Miss., June 14, 1863. for disability at Pranklin, Tenn., May SO, 1863. Corporal; disch>irged for disibilily at Quincy, III, March 85, '63. Left sick April 26, 1863; no further record. Unaccounted for. Died of typhoid fever at Evansville, Aug. 16, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; died of wounds at Nashville, Jan. 10, '65. 1st Sergeant; appointed 3d Lieut., Sept 19, 1863. Died of disease of the heart at Rienzi, Miss., Aug. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Fair Garden. Tenn., Jan. 38,1864. Corp.; Serg't; re-enlisted Jan, 5, '64; app. l^t Lieut Co.E, Oct. 33, '64 Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Difcharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Died at Chaplin HUl, Ky. . Oct. 8, '6 J, of wound« received in action. Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn.. June 30, 18(15. ^ Co. C, iJiTAMB. Samuel W. Rust Henry S, Reed John Rust Leroy B. Stowell 'Matthevr Spencer George W- Story Jarnes R. .Scadden Elisha Steele - George E. Sleight William P. Schenck Ozro J. Smith Eliphalet Sadler Isaiah Spaulding Franklin Torrence. ....... DavidP.TriU. Samuel C. Totten Peleg Thompson.. . ....:.. Daniel W. Vanvalkenburg Leonard Wood. . . .' John R. Wyman Samuel T. Welsh Joseph Willson Clayton C. Wood John W. Winters Thomas Wa«son David M- Winters. Henry G. Watson ... - Jasper J. Young Pranklin E. YOung.s. . RECRUITS. Healy C. Akeley Alonzo Arnold. .......... John H. Ashley i . George Austin Frederick Becker RANK. Private. Private. ENTERED SERVICE. Sept 85, 1861, Grand Radids. Sept. 10, 1861, Sept. 25, 1861, Oct. 2, 1861, Sept.. 6, 1861, Sept. 3,1861,. Sept. 19, 1861, Sept. 13, 1861, Sept. 16, 1861, (I Sept. 17, 1861, Sept. 24, 1861, Sept. 7, 1861, Sept. 16, 1861, Sept. 21, 1861, Sept.Sept.Sept.Sept. 9,1861, 2, 1861, 3. 1861, 9, 1861, Sept. 14, 1861, Sept. 16, 1861, Sept. 17, 1861, Sept. 14, 1861, Sept. ,7,1861, Oct. 23 1863, Grand Rapids. Aug. 30, 1862, Aug. 24, 1864, Kalamazrio. May 16, 1864, Nov. 11, 1863. Pontiac. REMARKS. 64. 65. '64. '65. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865; re enlisted Jan. 5, Died of typhoid fever at Farmington., July 7, 1862. Re-erilistedJan. 5, '64; mustered out at Jackson, Mich., Aug SO, Discharged at St. Louis; Mo., Aug. SO, 1863. Transferred to V. R .C, April 10, 1861. Died of typhoid.fever at New Madrid, Mo., March 24, 1862. Discharged at Detroit, Mich , July .26, 1,865. Died of chronic diarrhea at Andersonville prison, Ga., May 20, Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at M^icdn, Ga., Aug. 17, Died at Benton Barracks, Mo., Dec. 11, 1861. Discharged near Hamburg, Tenn., Mav 2, 1862. at St. Louis, May 30, 18.83." Re-enlisteJ Jan. 5, 1864; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865 Discharged near Hamburg, Tenn, Mav 2, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C. Sept. 1, 1863.' Discharged at Ronton Barracks, Mo., Feb. 14, 1863. Discharged at Columbus, Ohio, July SS, 1863, Discharged for disabiUty at Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 31, 1-868. Discharged for disabUity at Detroit,. July 18, 1863 Died of chronic diarrhea at Wyoming, Kent Co., May 39. 1863. Discharged for disabiUty at Detroit, July 38, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; must'd out at Jackson, Mich, i Aug. SO, '65. Re enlisted Jan. 5, 1865. must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17,1865. Discharged at Detroit. Jnly 33, 1863. Died at Chapliu HiU, Ky.. Oct. 8; 1863, of gunshot wound. Died at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Dec. 13, 1861. Died at Benton Barracks, St.. Louis, of typhoid fever, June 31, '62. Appointed 1st Lieut, and Adjutant, Nov. 30, 1864 Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 20, 1865. Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn., June 20, 1865. Unaccounted for. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug, 17, 1865. Marvin Blodgett Lyman Bonny Private. tt WiUiam Burton WiUiam H. Buck..' William Campbell William Carson D. J. Chipman Monmouth M. Chandler. . . . Jason W. Clark Hem-y Coleman Samuel CoUum Dean Culler Eugene Day John Daikens Robert Darlington WUlard Decker Eben R. Delano Isaac S. Dennis WiUiam H. Dicker Alonzo W. Dorlin Patrick Dooling . James Doddard Phares A. Dorland Jerome Drown '. Charles Dunn Joseph Duse Leonard Dye John W. Eddy William Eldridge John EUei- John EUis James A. Parr Wilson Farnsworth George W. Farnsworth David B. Finn: Aug. 8, 1868, Kalamazoo. Jan. 4, 1964, Gr'nd Rapids. Aug. 15, 1863, Oct. 37, 1863, Corunna. Nov. 35, 1863, Detroit. Nov.Aug.Jan.Dec. Nov.Aug. Oct. Nov.Nov.Jan.Jan.Nov. Nov. Jan. Nov. 84, 1863, 16, 1863, 4, 1864, 7, 1863, 11, 1863, 31, 1864, 29, 1863, SO, 1863, 81, 1863, 18, 1864, 11, 1864, 19, 1863, 16, 1863, 11, 1864, 84, 1863, Nov. 13, May 16, Nov. 30, Oct. 37, Nov. 11, Oct. 30, Nov. 3, Nov. 17, Nov. 34, 1863, 1864, 1863, 1863, 1863,1863, 1863, 1863, 1863, Grand Rapids. Jackson. Pontiac. Jackson. Corunna. Jackson. Grand Rap'ds. Jackson. Gr'nd Rapids. Pontiac. Jackson. Pontiac.Detroit. St. Clair. Jackson. Kalamazoo. Detroit. Corunna. Pontiac. Grand Rapids. Detroit. Nov. 30, 1863, Corunna. Oct. 37, 1863, Kalamazoo. Oct. 39, 1863, Gr'nd Rapids. Nov. 34, 1863, Detroit. Discharged for disabUity at Louisville, Ky., Sept. 36, 1863 Died of typhoid fever at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 17, 1864. ( Sent to Camp Chase, Ohio, as parolled prisoner, Dec. 35, 1863- ( no further record. ' Mustered out at Jackson, Mich., Aug. SO, 1865. Missing in action at Burnt Hickory, May 84, '64; no further rec'd Mustered out at Louisville, Ky., June 6, 1865. Unaccounted for. (Transferred to V. R. C, Feb. 1, 1865; mustered but at Burnside ) Barracks, Ind., Aug. 14, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug 17, 1865. Discharged for disabiUty at Detroit, Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out at LouisviUe, Ky., July 15 1865 St. Louis, Aug. 14, 1865. Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. It (( {, °,c ' ,, Transferred to V. R. C. Milstered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., July 4, 1864. KUled in action at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Died at Burnt Hickory, Ga.. May 80, '64, of woundsrec'din action Sergeant; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865 Mustered out at Detroit, Aug. 35, 1865. Taken prisoner at Shoal Creek, Ala., Nov. 8, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disability at Louisville, Ky , Sept. 30, 1864 Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., June 9, 1865. Captured near Pulaski, Tenn., Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of typhoid fever at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 19 1864 Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Co. C. Michael FoUen charies Freeland Moses W. Predenburg... Solon H. Garrett Alfred Grant Benjamin P. Haas C. R. Harvey ;... Edwin Hackett Christian Hiser Ira M. Hotchkiss. . . ; Allen Hovey Albert Huntley John Hunt. Michael Kelly. Aliner Kelley Charies McClenathan Jame? McNiel . . .- John McNiel :. .. \Bonaparte Moody RusseU M. Nichols Benjamin Pike. WUliam M. Porter Samuel C. Preston. . . . . . . Edward Rosegrant ^ George P. Robinson ' George Russell Alexander Sailers •Hollis Taylor John M. Terwilleger Hariim S. Thorp .^ . Benjamin P. Tiflt. ...... George W. Town John Waison Daniel C. WeUs RANK. Private. ENTERED SBR-VICE. Nov. 9. 1863, Jackson. Nov. 11, 1863, Pontiac. Jan. 3, 1864, Grand Rapids. Aug. 13, 1863, Aug. 35, 1868, Aug. 15, 1863, Oct. 31, 1863, Kalamazoo. Sept. 13, 1864, Jackson. Oct. 37, 1863, Corunna. Sept. Feb. Oct.Oct.Sept. Jan.Dec. Dec. Aug.Oct. Aug. 3, 1863, 39, 1864, 35, 1861, 37, 1863, 18, 1861, 4, 1864, 33, 1863, 31, 1863, 5, 1863, 13, 1863. IS, 1863, Grand Rapids, Pontiac. St; Louis. Corunna. Grand Rapids, E. Saginaw. Kalamazoo. Grand Rapids Aug. 31, 1864, Jackson. Aug. 18, 1863, GramJ Rapids, Aug. 13, 1863, Oct. 83, 1863, Aug. 4, 1863, Kalamazoo. Aug.- 34, 1863, Oct. 37, 1863, Corunna. Aug. 31, 1864, Jackson. Aug. 13, 1863, Grand Rapids. Aug. 11, 1863, ." REMARKS. Mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of typhoid fever'at Chattanooga, Tenn., May 38, 1864. Mustered outat NashviUe, Tenn., May 18, 1865. j. Missing in action at Mossy Creek, Tenn., Dec. 89, 1863: died of ( chronic diarrhea at Andersonville, Ga., May 30, 1864. Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn., June 30, 1865. NashviUe, Tenn., May 16, 1865. Absent sick since Oct. 30, 1864, at muster out. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 80, 1865. Died of disease at NashvUle, Tenn., July 13. 1864. Discharged at Farmington, Miss., July 19, 1863. Transferred to Co. L, AprU 26, 1864. Discharged for disability at -St. Louis, Mo., March 88, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of typhoid fever at New Madrid, April 4. 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged at Cincinnati, Ohio, Nov. 31, 1863. Died of typhoid fever at Nashville, Tenn., July 15, 1865. Mustered out at Macon; Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. It It I. It - - Discharged for disability al Loui^viUe, Ky.. Oct. 8, 1863. Died of chronic diarrhea at Andersonville, Ga. , Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 30, 1865. " Nashville, Tenn., June 8, 1865. Discharged for disability at GaUatin, Tenn., Jan. 3, 1863. Mustered out al Detroit, July 6, 1865. Discharged for disabUity at Nashville, Tenn., April 85, 1863. Mustered out at Louisville, Ky.. May 39, 1865. On detached service with II. S; 0. T. at muster out. Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn., June SO, 1865. Camp Chase, Ohio, June 28, 1865. Discharged at Louisville, Ky,, Nathan Wilkes . George Wilkes. . Co. D. Benjamin Smith Alphonso E. Gordon Erasmus D. Buddington .... WUliam H. Tallman Stewart B. McCray James P. Scott Erasmus D. Buddington Hugo B. Rathbun John S. Corliss Darwin B. Lyon Erasmus D. Buddington Benjamin P. Bailey William N. TaUmau Erasmus D. Buddington. . . . Almon London Benjamin F. Bailey. . . . Oscar P. Bunker David Irwin WilUam S. Jackson. Daniel Wells Samuel Bi. Osgood Hugo B. Rathbun . . . . Charles W . Coane James Vandusen John S. Corlis Harry J. Esgett Wayne T. W. Pardee. John F. Myar. James A. Stevenson . . . Hem-y H. Hickox David R. Avnillo Private. Captain. 1st Lieut. Sd Lieut. 1st Sergeant Q'm'r Sergeant Corporal. Musician. (( Farrier. Oct. 33, 1863, Grand Rapids. Aug 86, 1861, Grand Rapids, Sept. 3, 1861, Aug. 36, 1861, Sept. 36, 1861, Port Huron. Aug. 36, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 8, 1861, Aug. 36, 1861, Sept. 11, 1861, Paris. Sept. 3, 1861, Bowne. Aug. 36, 1861, Grand Rapids. Sept. 6, 1861, Sept. 86, 1861, Aug. 86, 1861, Sept. 10, 1861, Sept. 6, 18B1, Aug. 31, 1861, Sept. 5, 1861, Sept. 6, 1861, Holland. Port Huron. Grand Rapids. Nun ica. Holland. Bowne. Byron, Holland. Sept. 10, 1861, Grand Haven. Septj 3, 1861, Gaines. Sept. 11, 1861, Paris. Sept. 6, 1861, Grand Haven. Sept. 16, 1861, Bowne. Sept. 3, 1861f Sept. 10, 1861, Nunica. Sept. 16, 1861, Bowne. Sept. 13, 1861, Jackson. Sept. SO, 1861, St. Johns. Septi 3, 1861, Byron. Sept. 5, 1861, Dorr. Committed suicide at New Albany, Ind., Sept. 30, 1864. (Transferred to V. R. C, .February 1, 1865; mustered out at ( Louisville, Ky., June 3, 1865. Promoted Major May 7, 1863. Transferred lo Co. E, Nov. — , 1863. Resigned Oct. 7, 1864. Transferred to 136th U. S. C. T. June 88, 1865. Resigned April 14, 1863. Promoted R. Q. M. Aug. 1, 1863. Promoted Captain March 1, 1864. Mustered out February 3, 1865. Aug. 17, 1865. Resigned Jan. 81, 186S. Promoted 1st Lieut. J&n. 1, 1863. Resigned March 13, 1864. Promoted Captain Oct. 7, 1864. Promoted 3d Lieut. April 34, 1868. Died of pneumonia at Hamburg, Tenn, May SO, 1863. Promoted 3d Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. Discharged for disabUity at Cairo, 111., July 15, 1863. Killed in action at Blountsville, East Tenn., Dec. 30, 1863. ( Discharged July 18, 1864, to accept com. in 1st U. S. Colored I Heavy Artillery. Drowned in Ohio river, near Golconda, Sept. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; promoted 1st Lieut, March 1, 1864. ( Died al Pen-y ville, Ky., Oct. 9. 1863, of wound received in I action at thai place, Oct. 8, 1863. Died of inflam. of lungs al Benton Bar'ks, Mo., Dec. 3, 1861. Re-enUsted Jan. 5, 1864; Sergi' promoted 1st Lieut. Feb. 37, '65. Died at FrankUn, Tenn., June 4, 1863, of wounds rec'd in act'n. Discharged for disabiUty at Detroit; July 1, 1863. " Keokuk, Iowa, Nov. 37, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Died from exposure at Evansville, Ind., May 16, 1863. Co. D. Luther Richards Elmer Spencer Thomas Anderson . . . Justin Alden Levi S. Blakesly John Boin Nicholas Bloorn William Balson. Charles H. Blanding Peter Boes Rufus Cheney James Campbell Peter Conners James Chatfield ..... Oscar P. Compton. . Jacol) Dambacker. . . John P. Dohm Marion Davies Theodore J. De Puy Martin Degroot Albert Degroot John Degough Henry Edding ", Martin Flasher , WilUam H. Finch... , Ami Pilley Hiram Pilley Samuel Garzo Eben G. Gale Samuel Goodman... William Hawkins. . . Gerrit Herrink Levi Harper Henry Irons Samuel C. Johnson. RANK. Saddler. Wagoner. Private. ENTERED SERVICE, Sept 80, Sept. 13, Sept. 10, Sept. 13, Sept. 11, Sept. 10, Sept. 11, Sept. 13, Sept. 16, Sept. 11, (i Sept. 3, Sept. 30, .Sept. 6, Sept. 3, Sept. 4, Sept. 6, Sept. 13, Sept. 16, Sept. 18, 1861,1881, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861,1861, 1861,1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861,1861, Grand Rapids. Ravena. Grand Haven. Eggleston. Pontiac. Paris. Grand Haven. Chester. Lowell.H.aiand. Paris.Byron. Richmond. Grand Haven, iEastmanville. Pf. Betsey. Wright. Paris. It Holland. - Sept. 30, 1861, Grand Haven. Sept. 11, 1861, Holland. Sept. - 6, 1861, Jamestown. Sept. 18, 1861, HoUand. Sept. 80, 1861, Jackson. Sept. 18, 1861, Sept. 6, 1861, Sept. 5, 1861, Sept. 4, 1861, Sept. 11, 1861, Sept. 13, 1861, Sept 16, 1861, Sept. 5, 1861, Richmond. Holland. Byron.Pt. Betsey. Holland. Dorr. Gaines. Nunica. Discharged for disabUity at LouisviUe, Ky., Dec. 17, 1863. Died from exposure at New Madrid, Mo., April 33, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; Sergt., promoted Sergt-Maj. AprU S, '64, KUled in action at Perryville, Ky., Oct. 8, 1863. Died of disease at Savannah, Tenn., June 85, 1868. Died of pneumonia at St. Louis, Mo., April 8, 1868. Discharged for disability at Stevenson, Ala., Aug. 84, 1863. Louisville, Ky., Nov. 16. 18 J2. March 10, 1863. Died of disease at St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 1, 1863. Died of erysipelas at New Madrid, Mo., April 13, 1868. Died of inflammation of lungs at St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 35, 1863. Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 38, 1864. Died of disease al Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 9, 1863. Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disability at Evansville, Nov. 16, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C, April SO, 1864. Discharged for disabUity at Detroit July 14, 1863. CC CC It It tl Re-enUsted Jan. 5, '64; Sergl,musl'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug.17,'65. Died at Andersonville. May 34, 1864. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn.. Oct. 33, 1864. Detroit, Feb. 7, 1865. Discharged for disabilily at Corinth, Miss., Sept 11, 1863. Franklin, Tenn., April 9, 1863. Died of pneumonia at Farmington, Miss. , Aug. 15, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C, Jan, 15, 1864; discharged Oct. 22, 1864. Discharged for disabUity at Holland, Mich. Sept. 5, 1862. Detroit, July 25, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 22, 1864. c. It *« tt I. Discharged for disability at Louisville, Ky., Nov. 19, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; corp. ; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Edwin H. Jackson. . . . Enos Lesperance Elhanon W. Loomis... Derick Mudlma WUliam Mordick Andrew P. Myers. . . . . Render Meyering James McLain . ." IJavid C. McLain John J. McNaughton. . John Nies Daniel L. Nash Ezekiel Parker Sim-^n Reidesma; Martin Reidesma , Charles L Richards. . . Duncan Ross John Reiraersma William Shilling Augustus B. Simmons James K. Stewart. . . . , Chester E. Phader Jacob Stansbury George W. Smith . . . . , Riley Standish Eugene Shaw EUis Thompson James M. Thompson . Christian Thiel WiUiara Utter William B. Upton .. . Benjamin Vanhaltren John Vananroy John G. Vanlewven. . Philo Valentine. ..... Private. Aug. 31, 1861, EastmanvUle. Sept, 10, 1861, Grand Haven Sept. 11. 1861, Holland. Sept. 14, Sept. 16, Sept. 30, Sept. 18, Sept- 30, Sept. 16, Sept. 18, Sept. 16, Sept. 10, 18. 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861,1861, 1861,1861,1861, Plainfleld. Holland. Paris. Gaines. Bowne. Holland. Bowne. Blendon. Holland. Sept. 80, 1861, Jamestown. " Bowne. " Lowell.Holland. Sept. 11, Sept. 30, Sept. 16, Sept. 13, Sept. 10, Sept. 6, Sept. 4. Sept. 30, Sept. 14. Sept. 16, Sept, 18, Sept. 80, Aug. 31, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861. 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, Bowne, Chester. Ravena. Holland. Jamestown. Wyoming. Nunica.Bowne. HoUand. Byron. Ottawa Center Sept. 6, 1861, EastmanvUle. Sept. 11, 1861, HoUand. Sept. 16, 1861, Vergennes. Sept. 18, 1861, Zeeland. Re-enUSted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Died of small-pox at Nashville, 'T'enn., Jan. 33, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn, July 18, 1863.. Discharged at Louisville, Ky., June 11, 1863. Re-enlisied Jan. 5, '64 ; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. DisciiargCd for disability at Keokuk, Iowa, March 10, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; transferred to V. R. C. Feb. 11, 1865. Discharged for disability at Benton Barracks, Mo., Feb. 33, 1863. Re^enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg., must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17. '65. Musician; discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. Discharged for disabiUty at Detroit, Feb. 15, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5. '64; mustered out al Jackson, Mich., Aug 30, '65. ( Missing in action March 35, 1863; re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mus- } tered out at Camp Chase, Ohio, June 9, 1865. Discharged for disability at Detroit, Sept. 1, 1863. Died of inflammation of liings at St. Louis, Mo., Jan. 30, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg't; must'd outalMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65 Discharged for disability at Franklin, Tenn., April 1, 1863. Died of disease at Nashville, Nov. 4, 1863. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disabilily at Louisville, Ky., Jan. 15, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serving with 136th U.S.C.T. al muster out. Died of typhoid fever at St. Louis, Mo., April 10, 1863. Died June 4, 1863, al Pranklin, Tenn , of wounds rec'd in action. Sergeant; discharged at Nashville, Tenn,. Oct. 38, 1864. Discharged for disabUity, July 1, 1863. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. " for disability at Detroit, Jan. 14. 1864. July 15, 1868. j Died at Louisville, Nov. 17, 1863, of wounds received at Perry- j viUe, Ky., Oct. 8, 1863. Corporal, discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 83, 1864. Re enlisted Jan. 5. '64; abs't sick since May 35, '64, at must. out. Co. D. NAME. HANK. ENTERED SER-VlCE. EEMAEKS. Lucas Vanwil -, Private. {( Private. II t. Musician. Private. (( ItIt It Sept. 20, 1861, HoUand. Sept. 16, 1861, Vergennes. Sept. 20, 1861, Holland. Aug. 30, 1863, Grand Rapids. Aug. 37, 1864, Reading. Nov. 9, 1863, Jackson. Nov. 3, 1863, Kalamazoo. Oct. 3, 1863, HUlsdale. Nov. 9, 1863, Jackson. Nov. 10, 1868, HiUsdale. - Nov. 7. 1883, Grand Rapids. Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Dec. 88, 1863, Grand Rapids. Dec. 13, 1863, Pontiac. Dec. 13, 1863, Jackson, Feb, 6, 1864, Grand Rapids. Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Dec. 9, 1863, Jackson. Nov. 8, 1863, Kalamazoo. Sept. 15, 1868, Hillsdale. Nov. 11, 1863, Pontiac. Aug. 18, 1864, Jackson. Nov. 11, 1863, Pontiac. - Jan. 5, 1864, Jackson. Nov. 19, 1863, Detroit. Aug. 18, 186 i, Jackson. Nov. 10, 1863, HiUsdale. Oct. 29, 1863, Kalamazoo. " Corunna, Nov. 24, 1863, Pontiac. Discharged for disabUity April 2, 1863. Re-enlisti>d Jan. 5, 1864; absent in hospital at muster out. William H White Died of absces=! in throat at FarminTton, Miss , July 10, 1863. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. Discharged for disabUity at LouisviUe, Ky., June SO, 1863. ' Absent in hospital at muster out. Mustered out al Macon, Ga. , Aug. 17, 1865. Henry Westveld KECBUITS. .Tessp Ackernian . Sidney A. Acker James M. Birkey Merrick G. Blood. Transferred from Co. K; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17,18 65. Charles Braiman -: Died at Andersonville, Ga.. May 84, 1864. Charles H. Campbell William M. B. CliflEord Mustered outat Chicago, IU., May 83, 1865. Farrier; mustered out at Louisville, Ky., June 13, 1865. Musteredout at Edgefield. Tenn., June 30, 1865. Tlionaas Cole Transferred lo V R C Feb 15 1865. Nicholas Dittmore (( .( It " .< Corporal; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. ^ In hospital at ¦Nashville. Tenn., at muster '->ut. Discharged for disability at Detroit, July 11, 1863. Died of disease at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. -30, 1865. Mustered out,at Macon, Ga.', Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disabUity at Nashville, Tenn., March 21, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. LouisviUe, Ky:, July 15, 1865. ( Transferred to V. R. C, Feb. 11, 1865; mustered out at Burn- 1 , side Barracks, Ind., Aug. 14, 1865. Died of disease at Franklin, Tenn., Aug. 21, 1865. Died at Nashville Tenn June 11 1865. Michael J. Dunbacker. ; John J. Ditnelly James DewUl. Joseph M Eaton Austin Fellows Andrev? J. Pillikins James Fitzallen Andrew L. Poster George Pranklin Delos French Charles Fry John Prank Mustered but at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 20, 1865. •| Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. George E. Gates tt W tl tt Geoige Gleason. " Detroit, July 14. 1865. Christopher Gordon Charies W. Griffith Charles E. Haines Private. Dec. 38, 1863, E. Saginaw. Oct. 39, 1863, Kalamazoo. Oct. 10, 1863, Grand Rapids. Nov. 13, 1863, Nov. 4, 1863, Kalamazoo. Nov. 18, 1863, Detroit- Oct. 29, 1863, Kalamazoo. Oct. SO, 1863, Grand Rapids. Nov. 17, 1868, Pontiac. Oct. 30, 1863, Corunna. Dec. 88. 1863, Grand Rapids. Nov. 34, 1863, Pontiac. Oct. 39, 1863, Corunna. Nov. 6, 1863, Grand Rapids. Nov. 17, 1863, Pontiac. ¦Ian. 1, 1863, Sl. Louis, Mo. Nov. 19, 1863, Detroit. Aug. 13, 1864, Jackson. Nov. 33, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 35. 1863, Nov. 19, 1863. Dec. 38, 1863, Grand Rapids. Aug. 31, 1864, Saline. -Nov. 17, 1863, Detroit. Oct. 34, 1863, Pontiac. Sept. 1, 1864, JacKson. Nov. 10, 1864, Mason. Henry HaU Michael Hand. Frederick H. Hanson Adara Hertsman Elias Heath David Hill. ... John Hicks George Howard Charles C.Hunt Thomas Hunt William W. Hurst James Ingalls George Irons Thomas Jackson Lewis C. James John Johnson Calvin B. Johiison John Jones Julius H. King Charles King George Kohler Mark Losee, : Aaron Long John P. Mayar W. B. Mclntyre John Perrigo James Phillips Nov, 9, 1863, Jackson. tt It Nov. 34, 1863, Pontiac. James Quant Pranlc Rondon Courtland H. Scott Prank Seymour Feb. 14, 1863, Sl. Louis, Mo. Oct. 87, 1863, Kalamazoo. Nov. 14, 1863, Pontiac. Henry Snyder. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. " Jackson, Mich, Aug. SO, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. ( ( ( . It . ( Died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 33, '64, of wo'ds rec'd in action. Killed in action at Lynnville, Tenn., Dec, 34, 1864. Mustered out at Detroit, Aug. 15, 1865. Supposed killed by explosion on steamer Sultana, April 38, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, April SO 1864. Corporal; mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17. 1865. Mustered outat Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. ( Transferred to V. R. C, Feb. 11, 1865; mustered out at Burn- j side Barracks, Ind., Aug 1'4, 1865. Unaccounted for. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., May 11, 1865. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., May ii, 1865. " Edgefleld, Tenn., Jime 30, 1865.'; Supposed killed by explosion of steamer Sultana, April 38, 1865. Mustered out at Macon , Ga., Aug. 17, 1865, " NashviUe, Tenn., May 18, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. " Edgefield, Tenn., June 30, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died at NashviUe, Tenn., Dec. 5, 1864. Mustered out al Edgefield, Tenn., June 80, 1865. " Macon, Ga.. Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged at Franklin, Tenn., Feb. 33, 1863. ( Missing in action at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 34, 1863; died at ( Andersonville, Ga., May 34, 1864. Mustered out at Jackson, Mich., Aug. 30, 1865. KUled in action at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. Transferred to V. R .C, April 10. 1864. Transferred to Co. K, June 16, 1863. Died of disease at Cleveland, Tenn., May 3, 1864. Mu'tered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. i7, 1865. Co. D. Dewitt C. Sprague. . . . John H. Stage Nicholas Stoka Moses Strause George Till Nathan O. UdeU David ITpright Gerritt Vanhaltren. . . . Eugene Van Amburg. . Gismith Vanhaltren. . . Benjamin F. Walker.. Gilbert Wood.. ; Edwin M. Wood Warren J. Woolman.. Co. E. Benjamin S. Whitman Harmon F. Nicholson . Henry Vance Henry W. Sears Alphonso E.Gordon.. Henry Vance Simeon P. Dickinson. . Joseph Palmer Harmon P. Nicholson. Henry Vance Henry Barton George Bradford Simeon P. Dickinson. . Henry Vance William Bingham Charles Barton. Abram Mapes, Jr Private. Captain. re 1st Lieut. i(It tl tt Sd Lieut. 1st Sergeant. Q'm'r Serg't. ENTEKED SERVICE. Oct. 10, 1863, Grand Rapids. Nov. 5, 1863, Hillsaale. Nov. 9, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 11, 1863, Nov. 5, 18B3, Oct. 10, 1863, Grand Rapids. Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Aug. IS, 1863, Grand Rapids. Oct. 37, 1863, Sept.' 1. 1864, Benton. Sept. 10, 1863, HiUsdale. Dec. 37, 1863. Saginaw City. Aug. 9, 1864, Flint. Aug. 36, 1861, Muskegon. Aug. 30, 1861. Aug. 36, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Aug. 30, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. 13, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 17, 1861, Aug. 36, 1861, Muskegon. Aug. 30, 1861, Sept. 35, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Aug. 36, 1861, Sept. 13, 1861, Aug. 30, 1861, Muskegon. (f tt Sept. 31, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 13, 1861, Muskegon. REMARKS. ( Missing in action at Dandridge, Tenn., ! to V. R. C. Feb. 11, 1865. Dec. 34,1863; transferred Discharged for disabUity at Louisville, Ky., July 14, 1863. Absent in ho«pitaIsince Aug. 31, 1864, at muster out. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died at Andersonville, Ga., May 88, 1864. It It <( If Musteredout al Edgefield, Tenn., June 30, 1865. ( Missing in action at Bent Church, May 30, 1864; died at Ander- ) , sonville, Ga., Mustered out at Detroit, July 38, 1865. Died in rebel prison Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn., June 30, 1865. " NashvUle, Tenn., June 3, 1865; Musteared out at Edgefield, Tenu., June 30, 1865. Resigned May 13, 1863. Promoted Major March 1, 1864. " July 31, 1865. Transferred to Co. C. Promoted Captain, March 1, 1864. Discharged May 15, 1865. Transferred to Co. I. Promoted Captain, June 1, 1863. 1st. Lieut., Oct. 36, 1863. ( Resigned Nov. 19, 1864.-(had been transferred to Co. L as 1st l Lieiit., and commis'd Capt. of Co. — , but refused to muster. Discharged for disabilily at,Rienzi, Miss., July 11, 1863. Appointed 3d Lieut. Co. I, May 3, 1863. June 3, 1868. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 84, 1864. Discharged for disabiUty, Sept. 35. 1862. Died of disease at St. Louis, March 31, 1862. WilUam H. Harrison. Edson Barrows John L. Edmonds . . John B. Robinson . . . Franklin Perkins James Lee. James W. Barry Edwin H. Laubach. . Isaac A. Sanderson. . WiUiam E- Murray Alexander McNaughton. . . Truman Young Peter Ryan Calvin Rogers Andrew Allen Valentine Beach Washington Brown °' Robert H . Barton Henry Barton Christian Brown Gamaliel Carlisle. .Tames P. Cole George T. Carlisle Araos B. Cook , John Cheeny John P. Chubb Jacob Davis John Eaton George Eckles Lewis K. Fenton. .... John Pitzmaurice Antoine Gabriel Napoleon B. Harrison. Daniel Harrison Corporal. Musician. Farrier. ( t Saddler. Wagoner. Private. Aug. 27, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 15, 1861, White River. Sept. 13, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Aug. 30, 1861, Muskegon. Aug. 29, 1861, Grand Rapids Aug. 30, 1861, MusKegon. Aug. 29, 1861, Oct. 3, 1861, GT;and Rapids. Aug. 30, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. 8, 1861, Grand Rapids. Aug. 30, 1861, Berlin. Sept. 13, 1861, Mu-skegon. Aug. 37, 1861, Grand Rapids. Sept. 9, 1861, Casnovia. Sept. 16, 1861, Grand Rapids. Sept. 35, 1861, ft tt Sept. 38, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, Beriin. Sept. 9, 1861, Sept. 4, 1861, Sept. 35, 1861, Grand Rapids. ft (( Oct. 3, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 14. 1861, White River. Sept. 8, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. 9, 1861, Ravena. Sept. 3, 1861, Grand Rapids. Sept. 16, 1861, Sept. 14, 1861, White River, Aug. 87, 1861, Gr'ndRapids. Sept. 9, 1861, Re-enlisteJ Jan. 5, 1864; must'd out al Macon, Ga , Aug. 17, 1865. Appointed 3d Lieut. 7lh Mich. Cav., Dec. 4, 1864. Discharged for disability al Farmington, Miss., May 33, 1863. Discharged al LouisviUe, Ky., Nov. 5. 1863. Appointed 1st Lieut. Co. C, Jan. 38, 1865. Died June 34, '63, of wounds rec'd in acflon at Parm'gton, Miss. Discharged for disability, April 81, 1863. Died of disease at Farraington, Miss., July 18, 1863. ( Missing in action March 18. 1863; returned July 38, 1863; dis- j charged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 33. 1864. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33. 1864. Discharged at Cleveland, Tenn., April 13, 1864. Died of disease al St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 7, 1863. Discharged for disability at Franklin, Tenn., April 1, 1863. Died of disease at Rienzi, Miss., Aug. 19, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg't; must'd out atMacon.Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disability at Detroit, July 34, 1863. Appointed 3d Lieut. Co'. E, Feb. 1, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. ( Missing in action at Dallas Ford, Tenn. river,. Sept. 84, 1863; I mustered out at Detroit July 35, 1865. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; Sergeant. ( Missing in action March 8, 1863; returned July 8, 1863; re-enlist- j ed Jan. 5, 1884; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1885^ Sergeant; discharged at Corinth, Miss., Sept. 11, 1863. Discharged for disability at Detroit, Sept. 30, 1863. St. Louis, Sept. 33, 1863. I)ischarged. al Corinth, Miss., Sept. 11, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn, Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disabiUty at St. Louis, Mo., May 8, 1863. Co. E. Wendolin Hoag George HUton - Charles Hutchinson. ... David Herren. George R. Jones , Ephraim Kellum James Keating , Decatur Knickerbocker, Abraham M. Kocher Nathan Lovell Charies Laf ond Frank Murray Lawrence MiUett Charles Mathara , Eleazer B. Mason , Archibald McMillan James McKey , Alexander McDonald... Daniel S. Monroe William H. Millard Thomas Newcomb ElonOmans Nelson Oleson John Olney Thomas O'Brien William M. Pierson Francis M. Perkins Martin Petit WiUiam Post Philip Post Dennis Rafferty Jacob Post Lansing Post BANK. Private. BNTEBED SERVICE. Sept. 13, Sept. 16, Sept. 14, Oct. 8, Sept. 8, Sept. 9, Sept. 13, Sept. 83, Aug. 30, Sept, 83, Sept. 10, Aug. 30, Sept. 6, Aug. 30, Sept. 9, 1861,1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861, 1861,1861, 1861,1861, 1861, 1861. 1861, 1861, 1861, Muskegon Grand Rapids. Muskegon. , Casnovia. Muskegon. Gr'nd Rapids. Muskegon. Grand Rapids, Muskegon. Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 35, 1861, Aug. 30, 1861, Muskegon. Oct. 3, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Aug. 30, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. J6, 1861, Sept. 14, 1861, White River. Sept. 9, 1861, Grand Rap'ds, Sept. 3, 1861, Sept. 13, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. 33, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids, Aug. 30, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. 33, 1861. Gr'nd Rapids. KEMARKS. Died of disease al Rienzi, Miss., Aug. 8, 1863. St. Louis, Mo., June S3, 1863. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. S, 1861; musteredout at Detroit July 3, 1865. Discharged for lUsability at Cairo, III., April 14, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; must'd out at Detroit, July 6. 1865. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn.. Oct. 33, 1864. Sergeant; discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 23, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for-disabilily at Rienzi, Miss., Aug. 33, 1863. " Farmington, Miss., June 11, 1868. Died July S, '68, at Rienzi, Miss., of w'ds rec'd in act'n July 1,'63. Died of disease at Nashville, Tenn ., March 9, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5. '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17„ '65. Discharged at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. ( Transferredto V. R. C, Feb. 15, 1864; transferred back Aug. ( 3, 1864; discharged Oct. 8, 1864. Discharged for disability at Sl. Louis, Mo., Feb. 1, 1868. March 16, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C, Sept. 1, 1863. Discharged for disability al St. Lo-ais, Mo., Jan. 11, 1863. Killed iu action al Thompson's Station, March 5, 1863. Died of disease at Nashville, "Tenn., July 1, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864 ; mustered out at Detroit, June 34, 1865. Missing in action at Crawfish Spgs, Sept. 30, '63; disch'dOct. 33, '64. Dis3harged for disability at Benton B'ks.St. Louis, Mo., Feb. 1.'62. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; must'd out al Detroit, June 27.'65;sergt. " " " " June 39, '65; Corp.- Discharged for disability al St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 15, 1863. ( Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; missing in action at Oxford, Ala., April ( 33, 1865; sergeant; mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; musiercd out at Macon, Ga., Aug, 17, '65. Dischiu-ged at Detroit; March 31, 1865. Corporal; discharged at NashvUlt!. Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. James Root. . :' Thomas Ryan John Rowling Thomas Rowling WUliam H. Russell... Julius P. Smith Joseph Scholes Isaac M. Sines John W. Snyder Volney Trask Warren Trask Thomas Terry James Tompkins John J. Waters Thomas WaU Ferdinand W. Wardle Lewis Willey Duncan McNaughton. EBCEUITS. Nathaniel Allen George W. Arnold Elias Aulspaugh Samuel H. Barton Alanson B. Bailey Oliver S. Bailey Joseoh J. Bennett. . . . Jacob Blakely John Bowman Archibald Catney Thomas Connor Francis Crandall Daniel Curry Oct. 8, 1861- Aug. 30, 1861, Sept. 4, 1861, Aug. SO, 1861, Sept. 14, 1861, Sept. 13, 1861, Sept. 9, 1861, Sept. 4, 1861. Grand Rapids. Muskegon. Berlin.Muskegon. While River. Muskegon. Grand Rapids Sept. IS, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. 11, 1861, Grand Rapids, Sept. 35, 1861, Ausr. SO, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. 7, 1861, Grand Rapids, Sept. 8, 1861, Muskegon. Sept. 9, 1861, GrandRapids Oct. 3, 1861, Aug. 4, 1863, Kalamazoo. Aug. 31, 1864, Jackson. Sept. 1. 1864, Oct. 37, 1863, Corunns,. Aug. 18, 1864, Jackson. Aug. 31, 1864, Oct. 37, 1863, Corunna. Aug. 17, 1864, Flint. Nov. 9, 1863, Pontiac. Oct. 37, 1863, Corunna. Nov. 30, 1863, Pontiac. JTov. 9, 1863, Diedbf disease at Hamburg, Tenn., May 30, 1863. ' ' Discharged for disability at Columbus. Ohio, July 18, 1863. " . " Corinth, Miss., Sept. 11, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; on detached service at mu-ster out Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disabUity al St. Louis, Mo., May 5 1863 m " " " " Oct. 1, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C, April 6, 1864. ( Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; missing in action April 88 1865- ( tered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. Died o^ disease at Jeffersonville, July 19, 1864 Discharged Oct. 30. 1864. Discharged for disability at Detroit, Julv 1, 1863. dis- ( Missing in action March 18, 1863; returned Nov. 15 1863- ( charged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. ' ( Missing in action at Boone-yille, Miss., July 1, 1863; discharged ( for disability al Portsmouth Grove, R. I., March 37, 1863. Died al Louisville, Nov. 5, 1868, of injuries received' by being run over by a wagon. Died of disease al New Madrid, Mo., April SO, 1863. Mustered out al Nashville, Tenn., June 8 1865 Edgefield, Tenn, June 31, 1865. St. Louis, Mo., May 31, 1865. Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of disease at Edgefleld, Tenn., July 19, 1865. Mustered out al Camp Chase, Ohio, June 16, 1865 " - " Edgefield, Tenn., June 31, 1865. Detroit, Juno 30, 1865. Edgefield, Tenn., June 31, 1865, ( Missing in action at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 34, 1863; died at ( Andersonville, Ga., July 17, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga. , Aug. 17, 1865. Co. E. NAME. Henry Davidson McKenzie Dinglnan. . . James W. Dingman.. . JohnEstey Charles O. Ferguson. . Anson Finch James Hawkins Orville Hamlin Ogilva E. Hamlin Ward Hamlin Charles Henry Charies Hermich George E. Jacobs William Jones WiUiam E. Johnson.. James Kendrick John Knight . Joseph Krozier George Law Wilson S. Langley. . . . William S. Lindsley.. Wi'ltam J. Logic Charles H. Louder Samuel C. Logan James J. May William P. McDonald Donald McDonald". . . . Hubble Middlebrook. . Charles Moxon Francis Monroe Daniel Moody .Watson D. Moody. Private. BNTEBED SBBVICB. Oct. ¦ 38, 1863, Corunna. Aug. 18, 1868, GrandRapids. Nov. 7, 1863, Pontiac. Aug. 18, 1863, GrandRapids. May 18, 1864, Oct. 38, 1863, Corunna. Dec. 7, 1863, Jackson. Oct. 38, 1863, Corunna. iSTov. ' biises," Grand iiapids. Nov. 33, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 4, 1863, HUlsdale. Nov. 33, 1863, Corunna. Nov. SO, 186S, Pontiac. Oct. 89,1863, Sept. 10,- 1864, Oct. 30, 1863, Nov. 3, 1863, Aug. IS, 1863, Nov. SO, 1863, Oct. 37, 1863,- Aug. 13, 1863, Nov. 9, 1863, Corunna. Huntsv., Ala. Corunna. Kalamazoo. Grand Rapids. Jackson. Corunna.GrandRapids. Pontiac. Sept. 15, 1864, Huntsv. Ala. Oct. 38, 1861, GrandRapids. Aug. 13, 1863, RBMAIffiS. 65. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. ( Missing in action al Pulaski, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864; mustered ( out al Detroit, July 7, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, April 10, 1864; discharged June 89, Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, Dec. 1, 1863; discharged June 17; 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga. , Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disability at Detroit, Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. At Parole camp at muster out. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Lost on steamer Sultana, AprU 38, 1865. Died of typhoid fever at NashviUe, Tenn, April 17, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Killed by explosion of steamer Sultana, April 38, 1865. j Missing in actional Fianklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864; mustered' ( out at Jackson, Mich., Sept. 3, 1865. Mustered out at Chattanooga, Tenn., April 33, 1865. Died of disease at NashviUe, Tenn., March 9, 1864. Mustered out at Detroit, July 8, 1865. Lost on steamer Sultana, April 38, 1865. ^ Mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug, 17, 1865. Died of small-pox in hospital at Nashville, Tenn., May 4, 1865.' Unaccounted for. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17. 1865. " Edgefield, Tenn., June 31. 1865. Died of disease at Macon, Ga , July 38, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, May 15, 1864.^ Disd in Southern prison ~ t Mustered out at Detroit, July 5, 1865. Killed in action near Louisville, Ky., Sept. 30,-1863. ( Missing in action at Oxford, Ala.." April 33, 1865; sergeant, mus- j tered out at NashvUle, Tenn., June 9, 1865. Martin C. Morgan. . . . Chauncey Parmeuter. Roderick 0. PhiUips.. Miner Picket: Lucius W. Picliet Eugene K. R. Roberts Christian Rupert Stephen H. Shippey. . . Lafayette Skinner. . . . William H. Soper Philo Taylor John Thompson Horace H. 'Turner Absalom L. Ward. . . . John Welsh Isaac Whitbatiks Dexter M. Wilson Daniel B. Wooley Chauncey Wolfram. . . Co. F. Arvine Peck Leonidas S. Scranton. Daniel T. Fargo ...... Marvin. H. Creager . . Leonidas S. Scranton. John J. McCormick . . William Tenney Daniel T. Fargo. Edwin Hoyt, Jr. Franklin N. Eaton Marvin H. Creager. . . Marvin H. Creager . . George Rossman. . .. . . WiUiam R. Ma=on Lorenzo Buckley George D. Wood Jacob J. Pinney TPrivate. Captain. 1st Lieut. C( ( ( Sd Lieut. 1st Sergeant. Q'm'r Sergeant Aug. 17, 1864, GrandRapids. Nov. 1, 1863, HUlsdale. Aug. 13, 1863, GrandRapids. Nov. 9, 1863, Pontiac. Aug. 18, 1864, Jackson. Aug. 13, 1863, Gr'nd Rapids. Nov. 9. 1863, Pontiac. Oct. 28, 1863, Corunna. Feb, 84, 1864, Pontiac. Oct. 3, 1863, Hillsdale. Oct. 38. 1863, Corunna. Aug. 15, 1864, Gr'nd Rapids. 'Aug. 85, 1864, Jackson Aug.. 13, 1863, Gr'nd Rapids. Oct. 38, 1863, Corunna. Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Sept. 7, 1861, Lowell. Aug. 36, 1861, Gr'ndRapids. Sept. 4, 1861, GreenviUe. Aug. 30, 1861, Gr'ndRapids. Aug. 36, 1861, Sept. 31, 1861, Sept. 30, 1861, Sept. 4, 1861, Greenville. Sept. 3, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Sept. 30, 1861, Albion. Aug. 80, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Anson Olmstead . . . Charles Olmstead . . Henry Osgood Owen dtlo Henry Parker , Henry A. Parker. ., W. B. Pack Edward PenneU James E. Pennell. . . Joseph Perry Charles V. Pierce. . WUUam J. Piper. . Reuben M Price. . Marion Renniff . . . . John S. Riggs Andrew Rousseau . Robert S. Redwood John Rutledge WiUiam B. Sawers Chandler Scott Douglas Scott Prank Schrader. . . Amos Smilh George Smith Roswell Squiers . . . James R. Stevens. . WUliam Stagg Jesse Thorp William Thomas.. Hiram Tibbetts William Walin Henry W. Walker. -Stafford D. Weller Private. Oct. 33, 1861, Georgetown. Oct. 38, 1863, Kalamazoo. Nov. 17, 1863, Pontiac. Oct. 39, 1863, Corunna. " Kalamazoo. Oct. 31, 1863, Grand Rapids. Nov. 31, 1863, Pontiac." " ' Nov. "14! iseS.'Poiitiac.' " " Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Dec. 7, 1863, ' " Oct. 7, 1861, Tuscola. Oct. 37, 1863, Kalamazoo. Nov. 6, 1863, GrandRapids, Nov. 7, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 18, 1863, Detroit. Nov. 19, 1863, Pontiac. Oct. 28, 1863, GrandRapids. Nov. 14. 1863, Detroit. Sept. 3, 1861, Nov. 7, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 30, 1863, Dec. 9, 1863, Detroit. Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Aug. 38, 1861, Kalamazoo. Nov. 14, 1863, Jackson. Sept. 13, 1861, Port Huron. Nov. 30, 1863, Pontiac. Oct. 33, 1861, Georgetown. Nov. 35, 1863, Pontiac. Oct. 1, 1861, Clinton. Aug. 18, 1863, GrandRapids. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; corp., must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17 '65 Mustered out at Camp Chase, Okio, June 33, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. tl It i( It " " Nashville, Tenn., May 13, 1865. " Louisville, Ky., July 35, 1865. Discharged at Corinth, Miss., Sept. 7, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Missing in action at Shoal Creek, Ala. , Nov. 5, 1864. Mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. " Louisville, Ky., July 15, 1865. Mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disability March 18. 1863. Mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C. Feb. 15, 1865. ". AprU 30, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. ( Missing in action al Booneville, Miss., July 1, 1863; discharged 1 for disability at Washington, Dec. 13, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. '¦ Detroit, May 15, 1865. Corporalj mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 81, 1865. ( Transferred from Co. M., Jan. 1, 1863; discharged for disa- ( bility March 8, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Discharged for disabUity at St. Louis, Mo., March 3, 1863 Mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. j Transferred to V. R. C. Sept., 1863; transferred back March 14 i 1864; mustered out al Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 83, 1864. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; proraoted Reg. Q. M. Serg. Nov. 1 1864 Died at Lebanon, Ky., Nov. 10, 1863. Co. I. NAME. KAHK. BNTBRBD SBRTICB. _ REMARKS. Co. I. Charles H. Goodale Milo'W Barrows. , Captain. 1st Lieut. Sd Lieut. 1st Sergeant. Q'm'r Serg't. It II It Corporal. tl It Musician. Farrier. Aug. 34, 1861, Kalamazoo, ^ Aug. 86, 1861, " Galesburg. Sept. 31, 1861, HUlsdale.- Aug. 36, 1861, Kalamazoo. " Galesburg. Sept. 13, 1861, Kankakee. Sept.' 17,'i86i,' GrandRapids. Aug 36, 1861, _Gale.sburg. Sept. 13, 1861, Kankakee. Sept. 13, 1861, Gr'nd Rapids. Aug. 30, 1861, Sept. 11, 1861, Galesburg. Sept. 13, 1861, Kankakee. Aug. 36, 1861, Galesburg. Sept. 11, 1861, Paw Paw. Sept. 1, 1861, Cooper. Sept. 11, 1861, Galesburg. Sept. 13, 1861, Kalamazoo. Sept. 7, 1861, Texas. Sept. 3, 1861, Martin. Sept. 15, 1861, Galesburg. Otsego. Sept. 5, 1861, Galesburg. (( tt - Sept 15, 1861, Grand Eapid.". Sept. 4, 1861, Galesburg. Sept. 13, 1861, Kalamazoo. " Galesburg. Sept. 3, 1861. Alamo. Sept. 25, 1861, Kalamazoo. Resigned May 17, 1868. May 37, 1863. Mustered out Dec. 36. 1864, died since leaving the service. " . Aug. 17, 1865. Promoted Captain May 17, 1863. May 37, 1863. Resigned Oct. 7, 1864. March 87, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865^ Promoted 1st Lieut. May 17, 1868. May 37, 1863. Co. E, March 1, 1864. Transferred to Co. P. Resigned March 38, 1865. Appointed 3d Lieut. Sept. 19, 1868. Promoted Q. M. Sergeant Mirch 89, 1864. Died in camp near BoonevUle, Miss, June 30, 1868. Discharged for disability at Farmington, Miss., May 18. 1863. Re-enlisled Jan. 5, 1864; appointed 3d Lieut. Sept. 34, 1864. " ^ appointed 1st Lieut. Co. L, Feb. 30,« " " serg. ; discharged May 17, 1865. ( •' " sick in hospital at- NashvUle, Tei j at muster out. Discharged for disabUity at Detroit, July 31, 1863. Unaccounted for. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; sergt, must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug.l7, " wag'r; must'd out atMacon,Ga., Aug. 17, ( " " on detached service with 136lh TJ,S. C j at muster out. Re-eiUisted Jan. 5, 1864; musteredout atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, DiSchargedfordisabirityDec.il, 1863. " . Feb. 17, 186S. George S, Hodges.. Samuel !N". Robertson. O-pnrere S Hodires Frank H Eaton Joseph Palmer fi-pnrffe S Hodffcs John Robinson Simeon T. Dickinson Marvin H. Creager Alonzo" W. McCarty Frank H. Lamkin Oscar Caldwell Alonzo W. McCarty Gilbert Mitchell <65 George L. Stuart m.. George Stannard Francisco Barrett Daniel W. Parsons Abraham Jones '65. Milford Vosbm-gh '65 SUas B. Taintor T. Charles H. Bronson. . .-. Franklin T. Edgerly Horace Cross '65. Augustus House Walter GnUe Franklin A'lslin Robert Bois Albert Brewer WiUiam A. Buck John Bugbee ;. . Leonard Camhout Mortimer Crit.enderi William Crittenden William L. Curtiss Wesley G. Clapp William Carpenter James E. Cummings Myron S. Cook Jerome C. Chadwick. . . . Joseph D. Crane John M. ColweU George R. Davy Ellic EUickson Charlemagne Fiancis... Abel B. Fowler Munson Gage Joseph Gage Richard HafEenden Robert M. Harvey Seth W. Hoag Charles E. Hope. . . : WUUam C. HUdreth.... Highland H. HoneyweU John Hending Asa Harmon Leonard Herrington. . . . Smith Jones George Kershaw ; Alonzo Kidder Saddler. Wagoner. Private. Sept. 5, Sept. 13, Sept. 6, Aiig. 37, Sept. 30, Aug. 36, Oct. 10, Sept. 30, Aug. 36, Sept. 38, Sept. 6, Sept. 13, Sept. 15, Sept. 13, Sept. 11, Oct. 15, Sept. 36, Sept. 30, Sept. 7, Oct. 10, Sept. 6, Sept. 15. Sept. S3, Sept. 4, Aug. 86, Sept. 5, Sept. 17, Sept. 85, Sept. 5, Sept. 15, Sept. 7, Sept. 1, Sept, 33, Sept. 38, 1861, PavHlion. 1861, Galesburg. 1861, Orangeville. 1861, Augusta. 1861, HoUand. 1861, Galesburg. 1861, Orangeville. 1861, HoUand. 1861, Battle Creek. 1861, 1861, Detroit. 1861, Battle Creek. Kalamazoo. Augusta. 1861, Prairieville. 1861, Kalamazoo. 1861, 1861, Wheatland. 1861, Battle Creek. 1861, HoUand. 1861, Texas. 1861, Kalamazoo. 1861, Climax. 1861,1861, PrairieviUe. 1861, Dearborn. 1861, Galesburg. 1861, Texas. 1861, Wyoming. 1861, Prairieville. 1861, Kalamazoo. 1861, Paw Paw. 1861, Saugatuck. 1861, Augusta. 1861, Prairieville. 1861, Galesburg. Died in hospital at Stevenson, Ala., Sept. 1, 1863. Transferred Vo V. R . c". Nov. 15," 1863." Re-enlisled Jan. 5, '64 ;far'r; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disabili y at St. Louis. Mo., March 33, 1863. Discharged for disabUity Sept. 3, 1863. Died at Benton Barracks, Mo., Feb. 13, 1863. Discharged for disability April 1, 1863. Aug. 15, 1868. Re-enUsted Jan. 5, '64;corp.; must'd out at Macon,Ga., Aug.17,'65, Discharged for disability Oct. 4, 1863. Mustered out at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 88, 1864. ( Missing in action at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 84, 1863; died in j Andersonville prison, March 17, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Transferred to V. R. C, March 13, 1864. Discharged for disability al Franklin, Tenn., M_ay 33, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Died of typhoid fever at Rienzi, Miss., Aug. 13, 1863. Discharged for disability July 3, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Sergeant; mustered out al Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disabUity Nov. 7, 1863. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 38, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Detroit, July 1, 1865. Re-enlisled Jan. 5, '64; raustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Mustered out at Na«hvUle, Tenn., Oct. 38, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5,1864; muster'd out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Mustered out at Nashville. Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disabUity May 17, 1868. Corporal; raustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Oct 33, 1864. Discharged for disability at Stevenson, Ala., July 6, 1863. Unaccounted for. Re-enlisled Jan.5,'64; sad'l'r. ; must'd out atMacon.Ga., Aug.17,'65. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; farr'r; must'doutat Macon, Ga., Aug.l7, '65. Mustered out at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Discharged for disability April 31, 1863. Co. I. Henry Linzo Reuben R. Lamkin. Maxson Lewis Franklin H. Lewis. Friend M. Meyers. . . William Manning Jeremiah Mahoney. . . . Reuben G'. Martin Lewis H. McGin . . Adelbert L. Pond Samuel Peer Reuben Page Ebenezer Page Daniel P. Rico Daniel P. Randall Elam W. Reynolds Eli RusseU Stillman Shepard George Smith George Simmons Horace Skutt Joseph B. Sawyer Clark P. Tabor Nelson Thompson James M. Vose. ... Walter W. Vansicklar. Samuel N. Woodman. . Joseph Winans ....... Samuel Winans RBCRtnTS. John H. Adarn<; , Almond D. Austin . . . . BAliTK. Private. BNTBRBD SBR-VTCB. Oct. 10, 1861, Galesbni-g. Sept. 35, 1861, Paw Paw. Sept. 38, 1861, Galesburg. Sept. 10, 1881, Texas. Sept. 8, 1861,^ Sept. 33, Sept. S, Sept. 15, Sept. 7, Sept, 33, Sept. 3, Sept. 4, Sept. 10, Sept. 19, Aug. 38, Sept. 33, Sept. 31, Sept. 38, 1861, Augusta. 1861, Dearborn. 1861, Galesburg. 1861, Texas. 1861, Galesburg. 1861, Augusta. 1861, Texas. 1861,1861, Leroy.Galesburg. 1861, Oi-angeyiUe. 1861, Comstock. 1861, Ganges. 1861, Gainesville. Galesburg. Oct. 15, 1861, GainesvUle. Sept. 13, 1861, Kalamazoo. - Oct. 10, 1861, Sept. 13, 1861, Aug. 36, 1861, Galesburg. Sept. 15, 1861, Prairieville. Sept. 14, 1861, Galesburg. Oct. 10, 1861, Sept. 3, 1863, Grand Rapids. KEMARKS. Discharged at Detroit, Oct. 3, 1864. Died at NashviUe, Teon., March 39, 1863, of w'ds rec'd in action^ Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Detroit, July 35, 1865. Died of typhoid fever at Farmington, Miss., July 13, 1863. ( Missing in action at Blackland, June 84, 1868; discharged at ( Detroit, Oct. 3, 1864. Discharged for disability March 31, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan.5,'64; corp. ; must'd out at Detroit, June 30, 1865. Discharged for disabilily al N. Albany, Ind., Aug. 5, 1863. Sl. Louis. Sept. 19. 1863. Detroit, May 16, 1863. Dec. 10, 1863. Oct. 3. 1863. Dec. 13, 1863. Nov. 10, 1863. Unaccounted for. Re-enlisted Jan. 6, '64; killed in actiop near Salem, Ala.,Ap.l,'65. Re-enUsted Jan.S,'64; corp. ; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Unaccounted for. Died in Michigan, May 30, 1863, while on furlough. Re-enUsted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. " " serg.; " " " Discharged for disabUity at Franklin, Tenn., May 33, 1863. Transferred to V. R. C, March 3, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; serg. ; must'd out at Macon, Ga. , Aug. 17, '65. j " " on detached service with 136th U.S. C. ( T., at muster out. Sergeant; mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. j Transferred to "V. R. C, March 3, 1864; mustered out at An- } napolis, Md., July 37, 1865. Discharged for disability al St. Louis, Mo., Jul.y 8, 1865. , Thomas D. Ayers... PaulM. Blake SUas S. Butler....... Sarauel Busson Reuben A. Butler. . . . Alphonzo Case Giles Collins Homer Cross. ....... William Congdon WiUiara H. Dutcher. John Dubois Frank Fallman .' William Fesenden. . . Martin Forward John Galliger Henry Gardner. . . ,.m George T. Gardner. . James N. Gilbert. . . . Harrison Gleim John Grunsden James C. Graham. . . Nathaniel Harrington James H. Hayes Samuel M. Holraes. . Sarauel Hoi'ne -John Hughes Franklin Jones Charles Jones Adam Littlejohn .... William Light George W. MaUory . Raymond Mather.'. . . Thomas Meaker Perry Manning Ramire Mapes Henry Mitchell. Henry Moon •Private. Nov. 5, 1863, Pontiac. Sept. 1, 1863, Kalamazoo. Nov. S, 1863, Jackson. Nov. 8, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 7, 1863, Jackson. Aug. 14, 1863, Kalamazoo. Aug. 15, 1868, Nov. 7, 1863, Aug. 34, 1868, Aug. 13, 1863, Nov. 4, 1863, Oct. 37, 1863, Aug. 31, 1864, Aug. 34, Aug. 8, Nov. 4, Nov. 6, Nov. 10, Nov. 14, Aug. 13, Dec. 19, Nov. 16, Nov. 9, Nov. 4, Dec. 1, Oct. 37, Nov. 4, Nov. 3, Nov. 1, Nov. 18, Nov. 9, Nov. 7, Nov. 4. 1864, 1863,1863, 1863, 1863, 1863,1868, 1883,1863,1863,1863, 1863,1863,1863,1861,1861,1863,1863, 1863, 1863, Texas, Mich. Jackson.Pontiac,Kalamazoo. Pontiac. Kalamazoo. Jackson. tt Kalamazoo. St Louis, Mo. Pontiac. Corunna. Grand Rapids. Pontiac.Prairieville. Eagle. Pontiac. Grand Rapid". Jackson. ( I St. Louis, Mo. GrandRapids.Jackson.Pontiac.Jackson. Discharged at NashvUle,. Tenn., Sept. 3, 1865. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., June 8, 1865. Discharged for disability Oct. 83, 1864. at Detroit, March 10, 1865. Mustered out at NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. " Macon. Ga., Aug. 17, 1865.' Discharged for disabUity at LouisviUe, Ky., Oct. 3, 1863. Benton Barracks, Mo., Feb. S3, 1863. Mustered out al Edgefield, Tenn., June 31, 1865 Died of typhoid fever at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 17, 1864 Transferred lo V. R. C, April 3, 1865. Died of throat disease at DansviUe, Ky., Aug. 30, 1863. Died of disease at Stevenson. Ala., Nov. 3, 1863. Mustered out at Louisville, Ky., June 6, 1865. Transferred to V. R. C, April 33, 1864; discharged Aug. 14, '65. Mustered out at Edgefleld',,Tenn., June 31, 1865. Transferred Asst. Adjutant-Generarto Gen. Hamilton. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Mustered out at Jackson, Mich.. Aug. 31, 1865. Discharged- for disability AprU 9, 1864. "at Nashville, Tenn., AprU 9, 1864. Transferred to V. R. C. Feb. 15, '65 ; must'd out al Detroit, Aug. 15, '65. Re-enlisted Jan.5,'64; serg. ; must'doutat Macon, Ga., Mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Aug. 17, '65. NashviUe, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1865. Detroit, July 6, 1865. Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Absent sick at muster out. Died of fever at Cbaltanooga, Tenn., in hospital, July 5, 1864. Co. I. Frank M. Osgood Ebenezer Bage, Jr Wilson Pangburn Charles H. Pease Thomas E. Pilcher Charles E. Plant Charles RandaU •Thomas Randall AlfredRex Adolphus Ricketl Artemus Richards Theophilus Rose Orin M. Rogers Henry Rowe SUas B, Sperry George L. Stephens John Stetson Charles M. Talmage John C. Thorp Edwin Townsend JamesTomkiel Henry Travis John F. Tuttle George N. Wheeler. . . : . Richard Wheeler John Woodman Co. K. Archibald P. Campbell. Thomas W. Johnston. . . Charles N. Baker Moses R. Smith MarshaU P. Thatcher. . Henry H. Sanborn George Buchanan Marshall P. Thatcher... Private. Captain. It.1 1st Lieut. tl Ittl 3d Lieut. BNTBKED SBRTICB. Aug. 36, 1863, Kalamazoo. Sept. 13, 1861, Texas. Aug. 18, 1864, Jackson. Nov. 7, 1863, Pontiac. Nov. 10, 1861, St. Louis. Dec. 38, 1863, GrandRapids. Sept: Aug.Dec. Sept. Nov.Jan.Dec.Nov. 'Aug. Sept. Aug. Aug. Sept.Oct. Nov.Aug. Nov. Nov. Sept. Sept. Aug. Sept. 19, 1861, 84, 1864, 1, 1861, 1, 1864. 4, 1863, 5, 1864, 13, 1863, 5, 1863, 34, 1864. 1, 1864, 6, 1863, 18, 1863, 1, 1863, 30, 1863, S5, 1863, 31, 1864, 5, 1863, 9, 1863, 1, 1863, Galesburg. Kalamazoo. St. Louis, Mo. Jackson. Pontiac. Kalamazoo.Jackson. Kalamazoo. Pontiac. Grand Rapids. Jackson. Pontiac. Kalamazoo. 13. 1861, Port Huron. 84, 1861, MarshaU. S, 1861, Port Huron. Corporal; discharged May 33, 1865. Discharged for disability Oct. 7, 1868. Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn., June 81, 1865. Died of disease at Brighton, Mich., Oct. 1S,'64; while on furlough. Discharged for disability at St. Louis, Mo., Nov. 1, 1863. Sick-in hospital al Detroit at muster out. Mustered out at NashvUle, Tenn , Oct. 83, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 38, 1864. Taken prisoner al Shoal Creek, Ala., Nov. 5, 1864. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Louisville, Ky., June 10, 1865. Mustered out at Detroit, Aug. 8, 1865. Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Detroit, Sept. 7, 1865. Transferred to Co. A, Dec. 7, 1864. Mustered out at Edgefleld, Tenn., June 31, 1865. " NashvUle, Tenn., May 89, 1865. Discharged for disability at Lebanon, Ky., April 18, 1863. Mustered out at Nashville, .Tenn., June 3, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. tt , te tf tt " Louisville, Ky., June 13. 1865. Absent sick at muster out. Died of disease at KnoxvUle, Tenn., May 14, 1864. Mustered out al Edgefield, Tenn., June 31. 1865. Promoted Lieut. Col. Julv 18, 1863. Transferred Captain Co. M, March 13, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Resigned June 8, 1863. Promoted Captain Co. B, March 1, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Promoted 1st Lieut. June 8, 1863. p. Byron Cutler Chai-'los N. Balu'i- James IT, Siuiili lliu-ry II. Sanborn. . . . -Ei-asitis W. Lawrouco, Geoi-go Bowen John Davidson Hai-i-y II. Sanborn. . . , James II. Smith .Tosepli Arnislrous. . . . George Unchaiimi. . . . Noali T. Fiu-r Henry Kinji'.sloy Willium 11. Tailmnn. Horace Plaisled James Lewis WUliiiiuCole Anthony C'lino Solomon liciin SimiuolMcMilliin Won/.el ICuling Adolphus liiiug .lohn .Vshloy Sanmcl H. Vnr\ Robert D. Hill Charles Auibrook. ... Bon.jamin Allen OhiiVk's N. Baker Wesle,,y Brown Charles Brockway. . . . Mai-kHcach Henry Hurnhiim Fniukliu Biii-kor William Craig John Chambers Samuel CampbeU 3d Lieut. 1st Sergeant. tj'm'r Sei-g't. Coi-poral. Mutiicinn. Farrier. Wagonor. Siuldler. Pi-ivate. Sept. 14, ISdl, Sept. 3, 1801, Seiit. 7, 1861 Sept. a, 1861 NorUi Adnm.s, Port Huron, Gi-and Rapids Port Union. Sept. 10, 1881, Sept. 36, 1801, Sept. 2-, 1801, Sept. 1-1, 1881, Sept. 'i, 1881, Sept. 30, 1861, im-\. Transferred 3d Lieut. Co. (), Sept. II), IHd'J. Promoted Captain Oct. 18, 18(13. Tnuisfonod 3ii lileul. (io. (), .Iniie I, 186;! 1 Pi-omoled lat Lieut. Miireh 1, IHdl. Ti-aii,srori-ed Hegimenliil Coinmi.ssiu-y, Sent, :.'0 18(13 Resi.gnud Nov. 19, IHdI. DiHchnrged for ilisabililv at Deli'olt, .lune II, I.Sd'.V .\lipi)ointed 3d r,ieiit. May 31), IHdli. (iet. Id. IHd3. Di.Meharii-od I'or diMiibilily at, Detroit, Oct. 3, IHd'i. Re-enlisted .Inn. 5, I.Sdl'; appoinleil Ist LienI,. April 0, Di.-ieharged for disability at Detroit, Aii.i;-, W, l,S(i-„>. " lienlon liiiniieks, hVli. H), i,S(i'.'. Uc-enlistod ,liin. 5, 'dl; pronuited sergeiuil, iniijiir .Inly 3d, l.Sll'J, " " sei-g.;miist'(l(mtMl, iMiie'()n.(lii,',.\iii.: 17, '(ir). Disehm-god for disiibility iil, DelroU, Auj;-. ;!0, I.Sd-,'. Diseliiii-ged tor disability at Detniit, Sept. •.•(!,' 18(13. Diedol' diseiuso lit Niisli'ville, .Inn. — •, I.Sdl. Snpiiosed to liiive I'allen overlniiird ut ('iilni. April, 18(13. Muslored out nl Detroit, Sept, 7, ISIi."i. Alustcred out at Niishville, Tenn.. Oel. 'J-J, ISdl. Appointed 3(1 Lieiil. 71U Mieh. C.-iv., Mnn-li ',', l,s(i;i Died ut St. I;0uis, Mo,, Feb. H), lSd•,^ I'l-omolod hospitnl atewnnl in rennlnr nnny. Died at New Mnih-id, Md., Mnrc-li 'Jli, l,S(l-.'. 3d I.ioul. Sept. 1!), 18(13; promoted I'roin 1st sernonnl. KiM-nlisted .Inn. 6, I.S(i4. " " must'd ont at Mneoii, (la,, Aii.n-, 17 lU'.eid'ly kil'd nt Cniter (!reek,.'liine Di.scliai-god for di,snl)ilitv Sept. I), 1863. J Heenlisled Jan. 5, 'd-l; sergoiint; missing in nelion nt I Ci-cclc, AIu., Oct. !!0, IHd-l; mnsCd out nt Delroit, July 1 Died al Scruggs Farm, Tonii., Jan. — , ISd"), of .niinshoi w Ro-onlistud Jun. 5, 'O-i; nuisturod outat Mneon, (iu., Aii"-. 1 , l,sd5. Iil. (11. Shonl 1), '(ir). 'oiind. 7, 'or.. Co. K. Lego Cook Iris Everts WUliam H. Edmison Alexander Edmison. . Daniel Fleming WiUiara Pry Joseph Gamble Nathaniel Henry Joseph Hiptenbergev. Archer B. Hunter . . . Charles Hayward Calvin M. Hayward. . Jerome Inman Samuel Jacobs James JeweU Jackson Kimball. . . . Andrew Kitchen .... John Lang Levi Lewis Elisha Le-wis Columbus Lewis Shepherd Lee Ferdnando D. Loop. . John Leonard Absalom Lewis James iewis Sanford MUls Charles Moak Charles P.Mills Diogenes Mallory. . . . Augustus Menkee. . . . John F. Myres.. George J. Millard. . . . George Mann.:... ¦ BANK. Private. ENTBEBD SBRTICB. B.BMABKS. Sept. SO, 1861, Port Huron. Sept. S, 1861, Sept. SO, 1861, ft ft Sept. 3, 1861, Sept. SO, 1861, ft ft Sept. 3, 1861, Sept. 30, 1861, (( It Oct. 8, 1861, GrandRapids Sept. 3, 1861, Port Huron. Sept. 80, 1861, Sept. 8, 1861, Sept. 10, 1861, Sept. 36, 1861, Oct. 7, 1861, Sept: SO, 1861, Oct. 3, 1861, Sept. 30, 1861, Sept. 8, 1861. Died near Corinth, Miss. , June 13, 1863. Died at JefEersonvUle, Ind., Oct. 35, 1863. Discharged for disabiUty at New Madrid, Mo., AprU 10, 1868. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; corp.; must'd out at Macon, Ga.. Aug.17,'65. " died at Shoal Creek, Ala., Oct. 30, 1864. of wounds received in action. Re-enlisted Jan. 5. '64; mustered out at Detroit, Aug. 16, 1865. " " " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Died at Rienzi, Miss., Aug. 11, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg.; must'd out at Macon,Ga.,Augl7,'65. Died near Farraington, Miss., July 3, 1863. ¦' -Julys, 1863. Re-enUsted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. .( tt It tl tt Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 88, 1864. ei tt -it tt Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg.; mus'd out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65, tt It Discharged at Winchester, Tenn., Nov. 16, 1863. Died of disease, at Murfreesboro, March 35, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; musteredout at Macon,Ga., Aug. 17, 1865 Discharged at St. Louis, Sept. 19, 1863. Re-enlisled Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17,1865. Died at Rienzi, Miss., July 7, 1863. Died at Lexington, Mich. , Discharged for disabUity Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. " " corp. ; must'd out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17,'65. " " serg. ; must'd out al Macon,Ga., Aug.17,'65. " " . Corp.; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug.17,'65. " must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. , " died in hospital at Detroit, Sept. 15,1864. " " must'd out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. " - " corp. ; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. ¦ Nathan Magoonaugh Robt. K. M. McCulloch. Ronald R. McDonuld. . . George Parker .Jacob Rohr Adam Reid. William Robinson Joseph H. Smith Lyman Stephen James Sanders William J. Spencer Benjamin Teeple Joseph Utley Nelson Utley George Vanorman WilUam Valentine Amos Wiggins Robert Wixon Joseph B. Wixon Henry Welch Amos C. Welch Aaron Winchester Alonzo Worden George Washburn Hiram Wetherall Abraham Walker William Whalin RBCBtriTS. John Armsberger M. Blood.... WUliam Brotherlon. . . . Michael Brown Michael Brennan Ervin Brown George Burger Henry Cain Private. Private. Sept. 3, 1861, Port Huron. Oct. 10, 1861, Detroit. Sept. 3, 1861, Port Huron. Sept. 30, 1861, Sept. 8, 1861, Sept. 30, 1861, Sept. 13, 1861, Sept. 80, 1861, Sept. 18, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, Sept. 13, 1881, Sept. 37, 1861, Sept. 3, 1861, Sept. 10, 1861, Sept. 80, 1861, Oct. 4, 1863, Sept. 30, 1861, Nov. 8, 1863, GrandRapids. Oct. 7, 1863, Hillsdale. Nov. 4, 1863, GrandRapids. iSTov. 35, 1863, Pontiac. Mar. 87, 1864, Jackson. Jan. 4, 1864, GrandRapids. Nov. 4, 1863, Jackson. Re-enllsted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. " " bl'ksm.;musl'd6utatMacon,Ga., Aug.17,'65. Discharged for disability July 80, 1868. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. It It tt tl It " " farr'r; " " " Discharged for disability July 33, 1863. Died of disease at Rienzi, Miss., July 8, 1868. Re-enllsted Jan. 5, '64; serg. ; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disability Aug. 33, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out at Delroit, Aug. 30, 1865. Discharged at St. Louis, Oct. 18, 1863. Discharged for disability al Detroit, Sept. 15, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65^ " " Detroit, Aug. SO, 1865. j Reported died at Buvchville, Mich., July 3, 1863; reported dis- I charged for disability Dischaiged for disability at Detroit, July 17, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; serg. ; must'd out alMacon,Ga., Aug. 17, '65.. Discharged for disabilily June 36, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; died at Macon, Ga, Jnue SO, '65, of w'is> " " must'd out at Jackson, Mich., Aug. 31, '65. kil'd in ac'n atShoalCr'k,Ala.,Ocl.30,'64. Re-enlisled Jan. 5, '64; corp. ; must'd outalMacon, Ga., Aug.17,'65. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Tranferred to Co. D, June 16, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865 Transferred to V.R.C.,Jan.6,1885; disch'd for disab'ty July 1S,'65. Mustered out al Indianapolis, Ind., May 19, 1865. Absent sick since June, 1865, al muster out. Mustered out at Jackson, Aug. 31, 1865. Co. K. NAMB. Lewis Chappell WUliam CoUins Joseph Creamer Stephen Cun-an John W.DeU Christopher Deitz Stephen DUlinghara. . Spencer Eaton Stephen Erwin Michael Polls Jaraes Freeraan Ira Garfield Robert C. Gamble. . . Samuel Gassaway. . . Marion 0. Harris William HamUton. . . Wells G. Hickox.... Martin Hogan Josiah W. Johnston. . Jesse Jones Comstock Maples Charles Mapes Thomas McCutcheon William Norvell William Reed David H. Rogers Henry Sales Courtland H. Scott. . Alfred Sheldon Otis Shay George Shultz Robert Slengerland,. John Smith Recompense Smitb. . . Joseph Smith Private. BNTEBED SBBVICB. Feb. 18. 1864, Nov. 9, 186S, Feb. 39, 1864, Aug. 8, 1884, Feb. 9, 1864, Nov. 37, 1864, Aug 5, 1863, Jan. 30, 1864, E. Saginaw. Pontiac. St. Clair. Pontiac.St. Clair. Jackson. Kalamazoo.Pontiac. Feb. Nov. Aug. Feb. Nov. Oct. Nov.Nov.Nov.Aug. Feb. Nov. Feb. Sept. Nov. Feb. Jan. Nov. Sept. Nov. Oct. Feb.Nov.Nov.Nov. 83, 1864, 3, 1863, 8, 1868, 33, 1864, 14, 1863, 31, 1863, 18, 1863, 1, 1863, 11, 1863, 14, 1863, S3, 1864, 1, 1868, 9, 1864, 8, 1863, 13, 1863, 10, 1864, 16, 1864, 13, 1863, 6, 1861, 30, 1863, 30, 1863, 7, 1864, 19, 1863, 13, 1863, SO, 1863, St. Clair. Kalamazoo. Pontiac.Jackson. Payette. Pontiac.Hillsdale;GrandRapids. Pontiac. It Hillsdale. Corunna. Cairo, 111. Pontiac. Lexington. Hampden. Pontiac. Pontiac.Jackson. Corunna. Hampton. Pontiac. BBMABEB. Mustered out al Nashville, Tenn., May 31, 1865. Absent sick at Detroit since Dec. 1, 1863, at muster out. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. " St. Louis^ Mo., Jan. 9, 1865. . Died of disease at Nashville, Tenn., July 14, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Sergeant; drowned in North River, Ala., AprU 9, 1865. Mustered out June 35, 1865. Discharged June 6, 1865. Mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. ft I. tl It Discharged for disability May 4, 1865. Died at Jeffersonville, Ind.,' Jan. 14, '65, of w'nds rec'd in action. Absent sick al Nashville, since Dec. 13, 1864, at muster out. Mustered out at Jackson, Mich., Aug. 31, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Died of disease at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 13. 1861. Nashville. Tenn., Nov._lS, 1864. Mustered out al Edgefield, 'Tenn., June 31, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1885. Mustered out at NashvUle, Tenn., May 30, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. (( tl tt " (( Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Transferred to Co. B. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. . Transferred to V. R. C. " Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., May 16, 1865. Died of typhoid fever at Franklin, Tenn., July 39, 1864. Died Dec. .35, 1864, of wounds received in action i)ec, 84, 1S64. John Snyder Martin Spencer. . . . Abraham Slocker. . Aaron Slocker Alva Stevens John Steel Lewis Strawser John Sutter Washbuvne. Lewis Wheelock Austin Winney George W. Youngs. . . . Co. L,. Bezaleel P. WeUs Henry M. Hempstead. . Richard Williams Andrew J. Poster John H. Hutton- Gilbert MitcheU John H. Hutton John G. Crawford Joseph N. Stevens Richard Williams Joseph N. Stevens William P. Thomas. . . . Mark A. H. Chipman. . WiUiam H. Barnhouse. John Lamoure Jay Blodgett. Franklin H. Cross JohnK. Stark..... Harvey L. Drew Albert P. Anderson Orville D. Carlisle. . . . Ira Hagarty. Private. Captain. 1st Lieut. (I 3d Lieut. 1st Sergeant. Q'm'r Serg't. Corporal. Oct. 38, 1863, Oct. 39,1863, Oct. 31, 1863, Nov. 8, 1863, Feb. 83, 1864, Nov. 13, 1863, Nov. 19, 1863, Grand Rapids Corunna. Hillsdale. 1 1 Pontiac. Detroit.Pontiac. Aug. 89, 1863, Brockway. Oct. 38, 1863, Corunna. Nov. 18, 1863, Allen. Nov. 1, 1868, Hillsdale. Aug. 34, 1861, Niles. " Marshall. Sept. 14, 1861, NUes. Aug. 34, 1861, " Sent. 13, 1861, Kalamazoo. Aug. 84, 1861, Niles. Sept. 8, 1861, GrandRapids, Aug. 34, 1861, Niles. Sept. 14, 1861, " Aug. 34, 1861, " Sept. 13, 1861, " Sept. 7, 1861, " Sept. 14, 1861, " Sept. 7, 1861, " Sept. 16, 1861, '! Sept. 13, 1861, " Sept. 17, 1861, " Sept. 16, 1861, " Sept. 14, 1861, " Sept. 17, 1861, " Sept 6, 1861, " J Missing in action at Pranklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 186-4; mustered ( out at Camp Chase, Ohio, June 16, 1865. Mustered out atMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865, Absent sick since Dec. 13, 1864, at muster out. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., May 35, 1865. Must'dxiut May S4,'65;mis'g in act'n at Shoal Cr'k,Ala.,Aug.30,'64- Transferred to V. R. 0. Dec. 30, 1864. Died of disease March 16, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865 Discharged for disabUity at LouisvUle, Ky., May 37, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 33, 1864. Transferred to Co. M. Mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Resigned August 31, 1863. Resigned April 9, 1864, for disibility. Transferred to 136th U. S. C. T. June S3, 1865. Promoted 1st Lieut. Sept. 9, 1863. Resigned March 31, 1863. Mustered out Oct. 38, 1864. Promoted Captain May 14, 1865. Appointed 3d Lieut. April 15, 1883. Died of typhoid fever near Farmington, Miss., June 85, 1863. Dischirged at FrankUn, Tenn., April 3, 1863. J Missing in action near Booneville, Miss., July 1, 1863; returned ) May 3, 1863, mustered out Oct. 33, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65? Discharged at Corinth, Miss., Sept. 11, 1863. Mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1884. Discharged for disabilily at Cairo, 111., Aug. 14, 1868. Transferred lo 3d Mich. Cav. Nov. 3, 1861. Died July 3,'63,of w'ds rec'd in ac'n near Booneville, Mis. ,J'ly 1,'63^ Discharged for disabiUty at Keokuk, Iowa, Nov. 14, 1883. Mustered out al Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 33, 1864. Co. L,. NAME. James Scliram William H. Todd. . . Samuel Maxb am. ... Abner P. Stimpson. Daniel Hobbs Preemaa Hitchcock. John Bee Robert Lingrell .... Ransom BirdseU. . . . Isaac Bone Henry D. Benson. . . Lawrence Burns. . . . Roger Burns John C. Barker John B. Cisna,- William Carlisle Ashley Carlisle Kelson W. Corwin. . Augustus Conrad. . . James Corman Nelson Crippen. . . . James Dunn WUliam H. Dodge. . James Dewitt Delos Ells Felix Eiseley Martin Eiseley. Frederick Gooding. Charles W. Granger John W. Griffith. . Charles Hudson Edwin Hollister Jacob Hand Henry W. Hewitt.. . John Hanson BANK. Corporal. 1.1 Musician. It Farrier. Saddler. Wagoner. Private. BNT3BBED SEBVICE. Sept. 14, 1861, Niles. Sept. 16, 1861, " Sept. 18, 1861, " Sept. 14, 1861, " Sept. 17, 1861, VermontvUle. Sept. 11, 1861, Niles. Sept. 7, 1861, " Sept. 8, 1861, '¦ Sept. 14, 1861, •.' Oct. -4, 1861, " Sept. 16, 1861, " Sept. 14, 1861, " Sept. 16, 1861, '• s, - Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 38, 1864. Died of diarrhea at Newton, Mich., June 3, 1863. Died of chronic diarrhea at Keokuk, Aug. 34, 1863. Discharged at NashvUle, Tenn., Oct. S3, 1864. Mustered out at Detroit, July 3, 1865. Re-enlisted Jan.5,'64;must'd out at Jackson, Mich., Aug. 31, '65. " d'd of chronic diarr'a at Parma, Mich. , Oct's, '64 Died of diarrhea at New Madrid, Mo., April 10, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; mustered out al Macon. Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Died of chron-.c diarrhea al Keokuk, Iowa., July S4, 1863. ( Missing in action al Brentwood, Tenn., March 85, 1863; re-en- ( listed Jan.5,1864; mustered out al Camp Chase, 0., June 30, '65. Discharged at Keokuk, Oct 17, 1868. Promoted Q. M. Sergeant May 15, 1863. Died of typhoid fever near Farmington, Miss. , May 13, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan.S,'64; faiT'r; must'd out al Macon, Ga., Aug.17,'65.. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 88, 1864. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 3, '84, of w'ds rec'd Jan. 27, 1864., Reported captured by John Morgan, parolled and sent to Canada.. Died of typhoid fever in hospital al St. Louis, Mav 30, 1863. at Rienzi, Miss., Aug. 9, 1863. ( Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; sergeant; kUled in action al Martin'a j MiUs, near Florence, Ala., Oct. 7, 1864. Discharged for disabUity al Corinth, Miss., Sept 15, 1863. Cairo, 111., May 15, 1868. Quincy, III., April 3, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, 1864; naust'd out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Discharged for disability at LouisvUle, Ky., Oct 17, 1862. . . Co. M. NAME. ^ - KAHK. ENTERED SER-VICE. REMARKS. Frank Holmes Private. Sept. 13, 1861, MarshaU. Sept 16, 1861, Newton. Marshall. Sept 10, 1861, HiUsdale. Sept. 14, 1861, Sept. 19, 1861, BurUngton. Sept. 16, 1861, Marshall. Sept. 86, 1861, Parma. Sept 37, 1861, MarshaU. Sept 8, 1861, HUlsdale. Sept. 16, 1861, Sept 17, 1861, Sept. 16, 1861, Marshall. Aug. 30, 1861, . " Sept. 16, 1861. Burlington. Homer. Sept. 4, 1861, Marshall. Sept 7, 1861, Homer. Sept 13, 1861, Marshall. Sept 16, 1861, HUlsdale. Aug. 38, 1861, Kalamazoo. Sept. 10, 1861, MarshaU. -Sept 13, 1861, Aug. 38, 1861, Sept 13, 1861, Sept 5, 1861, J ft <( Sept 9, 1861, Sept 5,1861, " Newton. Sept. 13, 1861, Marshall. George Jenks., . ; Lucius Johnson Died of fever at New Madrid, Mo: , AprU 13, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64; corp.; appointed 1st Lieut 136th' U.S.C.T. James Johnston Discharged for disabUity at St Louis, Nov. 7, 1863. WUliam Kidney Re-enlisled Tan.5,'64; corp. ; must'd outalMacon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Michael Mclntyre Transferred lo 3d Mich. Cav. Nov. 1, 1861. Owen McMaiQus j Re-enlisled Jan. 5, '64; kUled in action at Martin's Mills, near j Florence, Ala., Oct. 7, 1864. Saddler; discharged for disability al Galla,tin, Tenn., Jan. 30, '63. Re-enlisted Jan. 5,'64; serg. ; must'd out at Macon,Ga.,Aug. 17,'65. Sylvester McLain John Marsh Amos Merrill Discharged to accept appointment in U. S. C. T., March 10; '64. Re.enlisted Jan.5,'64; mustered out at Jaokson, Mich,,Aug.30,'64. Samuel Markle John Myers " - Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865; Ezra W. Norcoit Died in Michigan of typhoid fever. AprU 3. 1863. Thomas O'Brien Discharged for disability at WoodsonviUe, Ky., Jan., 1863. Re enlisted Jan. 5, '64;."musl'd out at Jackson, Mich., Aug. 30, '65. James Osborn Charles Ploof Died of consumption in Eaton Co., Mich., Aug. 35, 1863. Frank Pratt Charles H. Potter Discharged at Nashville, Tenn, Oct. 33, 1884. Sergeant; killed in action at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 34, 1863. Re-enlisted Jan..5,'64; must'd out at Detroit,. Aug. 15, 1865. Erastus Reynolds Chandler Redfield Promoted hospital steward Nov. 38, 1863. Loren tz Stampfles Re-enlisted Jan.5,'64; serg. ; must'd out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65; Discharged for disabUity jit Hamburg, Tenn., May SO, 1863. Transferred lo Co. H, Jan. 1, 1863. Discharged at Nashvilte, Tenn., Oct. 38, 1864. Thaddeus M. Southworth.. James R. Stephens Benjamin F. Smith Gabriel Smith James Smith. Discharged for disabiUty at Evansville, Ind., March 16, 1864. Re-enlisted Jan. 5, '64, mustered out ii Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, '65. Emery R. Slembell Thomas Sutherland WiUiam Sayles It .1 Lyman Sayles Discharged for disabiUty al Detroit, July 1, 1868. Died Sept S3, 1863, of wounes received in action at Chifiamauga.. Supposed discharged. / Discha,rged for disabiUty at Cairo, IU., April 30, 1863. " Re-enlisted Jan.'5,'64; mustered out at Camp Chase, O., June 80, '65. Albert M Spaulding Stephen R. Travis Wi Uam Wickham WUliam Waltz Norcas Williams Franklin Wallace Hem-y Woodruff Lewis Waterman Robert Wilson Charles Phelps RECRiriTS. Benjamin F. AUen Norman R. Ayres John Baker James Beddow Patrick Burns WUUam Clark Charles Cowles Thomas Coles Alexander H. Darrow. A. Davidson Silas Dean. . , Charles M. Dyke; Charles Farrington Samuel Fowler Joseph Gauntlelt James Glanney Robert Gordon Chauncy R. Hayes George W.Hand James Kuhn John Malloy. James McDermot Emanuel MUler Jacob Miller Solomon Mikersell. . . . Horatio A. McKee Alonzo Morey. Abraham Moser Warren B. Norcutt . . Anson Nobles.. Private. Private. Sept. 5, 1861, Marshall. Sept 7, 1861, Athens. Sept 3, 1861, MarshaU. Sept. 9, 1861, Homer. Sept 16, 1861, Hillsdale. Aug, 37, 1861, MarshaU. Dec.Feb.Nov. Feb. Jan.Nov.Nov. Aug. Aug. 88, 1863, 16, 1864, Sl, 1883, 83, 1884, 4, 1864, 84, 1863, 18, 1863, 10, 1864, 13, 1863, Marshall.Allen. Pontiac. AUen. Hampden. Pontiac.Detroit. Kalamazoo. Nov. 16, 1863, Delroit. Mar. 35, 1864, Watertown. Sept. 1, 1864, Jackson. Dec. 33, 1863, E. Saginaw. Sept 1, 1864, Jackson. Aug. 16, 1864, Pontiac. Feb. 19, 1864, Hampton. Aug. 19, 1863, Kalamazoo. Oct 30, 1863, Nov. 19, 1864, Pontiac. Nov. 11, 1863, Sept. SO, 1868, MarshaU. - (( It Aug. 18, 1864, Jackson. Nov. 1, 1861, Marshall. Oct. 88, 1863, GrandRapids. Sept 8, 1863, Delroit Feb. 14, 1864, Alien. Aug. 18, 1864, Jackson. . Discharged for disability al Corinth, Miss., Sept 9, 1868. Re-enlisled Jan. 5, '64; serg.; must'd outat Macon, Ga., Aug.17,'65. Re-enlisted Jan. 5,1864; serg., app. Isl Lieut Co. G, Oct, 7, 1864. fDischarged Oct 8, 1864. Discharged for disability at St. Louis, Mo , Sept. 17, 1863. Discharged at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 83, 1864. Died of diarrhea p,t Nashville, Tenn., Sept 11, 1864. Discharged at Detroit May 86, 1865. Died of diairrhea at Nashville, Tenn., March 18, 1864. Mustered out at Jackson, Mich., Aug. 30, 1865. Corporal; mustered out al Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Detroit, Aug. 31, 1865. Corporal; mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug 17, 1865. Mustered out at LouisviUe, Ky., June 14, 1865. Discharged al Keokuk, Oct 16, 1863. Died of chronic diarrhea at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 38, 1864. Discharged for disability at Detroit, June 15. 1865. Mustered out al Edgefield, Teun.. June 31, 1865. Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Edgefield, Tenn., June 31, 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Corporal; mustered out at Macon, Ga, Aug. 17, 1865. Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn., June 31. 1865. " ¦• Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Missing in action at Dandridge, Tenn., Dec. 84, 1863. Absent sick since May 36, 1864,*at muster out. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17,1865. (( it (t It Died of Ivphoid fever al Camp Chase, Ohio, July 31, 1868. Died of chronic diarrhea at Waterloo, AU., March 11, 1865. Discharged for disability Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. Killed in action al Fair Garden, Tenn., Jan. 37, 1864. Died of cholera morbus al Franklin, Tenn., Aug. 33, 1884. Mustered out at NashvUle, Tenn., May 16, 1885. See Co. L. Co. M. NAME. BANK. ENTERED SERVICE, REMARKS. Richard Phillips. . : Private. Feb. Sept Nov. Aug. Nov. Sept. Oct Feb.Aug. Nov.Aug. SeptOct.Oct. Nov. Oct. Nov.Aug.OctOct Jan.Nov. Dec. Sept Nov. Oct.Oct. Oct Oct.Oct. 10, 1, 13,35,14, 1, 87, 5, 19, 1, 18, 8, 89, 34,84.SO,19, 33,38, 30, 4, 87, 7, 39, 84, 88,89,38, 89,37,30, 1864,1864, 1863, 1864,1863,1864, 1863,1864,1861, 1861,1864, 1863,1863,1863.1863,1863,1863,1864,1863, 1863, 1864, 1863, 1863, 1863,1863,1863, 1863,1863, 1863, 1863, 1863, Allen. Jackson. Pontiac. Jackson. GrandRapids. Allen. Dowagiac. " Detroit Sept Tr 1835. Died of chronic oiarrhea at Madison, Ind. Jan. 16, 1665. Mustered out at Camp Chase, Ohio, June 16, 1865. " SJdgefield, Tenn, June 31, 1865. ^ Discharged for disability at Nashville, Tenn., June 39, 1865. Mustered out at Edgefield, Tenn., June 31. 1865. " Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. tt tx tt tt Discliarged July 18. 1865. * Re-enlisted Jan,5,'64; mustered out at Camp Chase,0.,June 38, Discharged for disability Feb. 33. 1865. ( Missingin action at Chica-mauga, Ga., Sept SO, 1863; muste j out at Detroit, June 30, 1865. Mustered out at Macon, Ga., Aug. 17, 1865. It It George Truslar Jackson.DetroitCorunna.Pontiac. Corunna. Pontiac.Marshall.Kalamazoo.Grand Rapids. Jackson.Pontiac. Jackson. Corunna. Detroit.Grand Rapids. Corunna. GrandRapids.Corunna.Kalamazoo. Charles P.Walters George Wangart •ed Robert Wade Henry Walker Harvey D. Wardwell Henry Ward Jonathan Wade Amos Welsh Thomas Welborn Charles Whillman William White Joseph Wilber WiUiam H. Williams John H. Williams Samuel WiUiams Reuben Williams Samuel WiUard William Wilson Heni-y Wilson Elias Worden Frank Zahringer Oct. YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 01507 7309 .,,;i!!i-i;- -I. ! Ml iis|i,i' „ , ' - t ¦Jll"* 'j ,( \-' 'H ' , pr' ¦J|H«'t