.:r ;;:¦¦. ¦¦;.,;:.: ¦ ¦ .... LONDON : J. B. NICHOLS AND. SONS, PRINTERS, PARLIAMENT STREET. [NO. L1X.J COUNCIL OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY FOR THE YEAR 1853. President, THE RIGHT HON. LORD BRAYBROOKE, F.S.A. WILLIAM HENRY BLAAUW, ESQ. M.A. F.S.A. JOHN BRUCE, ESQ. Treas. S.A. Director. JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. V.P.S.A. Treasurer. C. PURTON COOPER, ESQ. Q.C., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.S.A. WILLIAM DURRANT COOPER, ESQ. F.S.A. BOLTON CORNEY, ESQ. M.R.S.L. WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, ESQ. F.S.A. SLR HENRY ELLIS, K.H., F.R.S., Dir.S.A. EDWARD FOSS, ESQ. F.S.A. THE REV. JOSEPH HUNTER, F.S.A. THE REV. LAMBERT B. LARKING, M.A. PETER LEVESQUE, ESQ. F.S.A. FREDERIC OUVRY, ESQ. F.S.A. THE RT. HON. LORD VISCOUNT STRANGFORD, F.R.S. F.S.A. WILLIAM J. THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A., Secretary. The Council of the Camden Society desire it to be under stood that they are not. answerable for any opinions or observa tions that may appear in the Society's publications; the Editors of the several works being alone responsible for the same. TO HIS GRACE THOMAS, BY DIVINE PERMISSION LORD ARCHBISHOP OF YORK, THIS ILLUSTRATION OF AN ANCIENT RECORD, UNDERTAKEN AT HIS SUGGESTION, AND PROMOTED BY HIS KINDNESS, IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRD3ED BY HIS OBEDIENT AND OBLIGED SERVANT, THE EDITOR. PREFACE. It seems almost superfluous to dwell upon the reasons why the contents of this volume, minute and uninviting as they may appear, should be expected to interest the general or local inquirer into the ecclesiastical antiqui ties of the thirteenth century. The value of such ma terials is fully appreciated in this age of investigation. They are as subsidiary to private memoirs and biography as those in their turn are to more expanded history ; and they lead us into the halls and dormitories of our ancestors. We see much of the man and his mode of life, if we can ascertain how his pecuniary resources were employed. Details of this kind, recorded by a faithful hand, disclose more graphically than any studied narrative the character of an individual and the manners of his time ; and there can be no question as to the authenticity and fidelity of those which are before us. The existence of this curious document was first announced to the Society of Antiquaries by Doctor Vill PREFACE. Prattinton of Bewdley, who discovered it among the muniments at Stanford Court in Worcestershire, the seat of Sir Thomas Edward Winnington, Bart, in the life-time of his late father ; and the Editor had frequent opportunities of seeing it while that indefatigable col lector of the antiquities of the said county was transcrib ing it. He communicated a short notice of it to the above-mentioned Society, which was read at a meeting on June 23, 1814, and inserted in the twenty-third volume of their Archseologia. This transcript, with all his other papers relating to Worcestershire, he left to them at his decease. More than thirty years had elapsed when the original Holl was shewn at Stanford Court to the then Lord Bishop of Hereford, now Archbishop of York, under whose obliging sanction, and by the kind permission of its present owner, it was submitted to the Editor first for inspection and afterwards for publication, and this has now been accomplished through the liberal aid of the Camden Society. The Boll in question contains the household and some other expenses of Bichard de Swinfield, who held the see of Hereford from 1282 to 1316, and it relates to a part of the years 1289 and 1290. The Editor is aware that this has no pretension to be the earliest or only specimen of the sort that has been PREFACE. IX produced with reference to the period with which it is connected. It is satisfactory to those who take an interest in such records to know that many are extant, and that some have already been brought to light which, as of parallel and coeval interest, may be referred to with pleasure. The household charges of the existing king of England, Edward I., upon a truly princely scale, are amply represented in the wardrobe account of the twenty-eighth year of his reign (1298), published under the direction of a Committee of the Society of Anti quaries. The somewhat more private arrangements with regard to the junior part of that monarch's family, the date of which co-incides with that of our Boll (1289), may be seen in some extracts from a similar document contained in the fifteenth volume of the Archseologia ; and the style of living in a noble household just at the crisis of its dissolution has been exhibited in the Boll of Eleanor de Montfort, Countess of Leicester, in the year 1265. Another link is now added to the series of about four-and-thirty years inclusive, forming an important addition to the representation of domestic life and manners in England during the latter half of the thir teenth century, and comprising the families of a king, a noble lady, and an ecclesiastic of high rank. The usual form of keeping such accounts is too well known to need in this instance any particular descrip* X PREFACE. tion. A diary of regular expenditure forms the contents of the intus or inner part of the Boll; incidental expenses find their place on the extra or dorsum, the outer side. Each day, week, and month is summed up at the end of it, and the gross amount of each section in a like manner is set down on the endorsement. It was under the charge of the house-steward John de Kemeseye, clerk and chaplain to the Bishop, and was revised by auditors some time at the end of the year. The Boll itself consists of ten small skins or schedules of parchment, tacked together, and for the most part in good preservation. It is about twenty-five feet in length by ten inches in width. There is sufficient evidence to shew that it once extended to about two skins more, which are unfortunately lost. But this deficiency seems only to affect the daily account, since the endorsement, so far as it extends, appears to be complete. The preamble sets forth that it originally ran from Michaelmas day 1289, to the same day in the year ensuing. Sundays and other days of the week, including the festivals of the church, designated by their proper titles, are the points under which each separate expen diture is recorded. Some allusions to these and other marked periods in the calendar occur in the endorse ment ; but it retains its ecclesiastical character through out, no date of day or designation of month being em- PREFACE. Xl ployed. These have therefore been supplied for the convenience of the reader, and the adjustment of many references that have been necessarily made. The Editor is happy in discharging a debt of gratitude by thus acknowledging his obligation to his Grace the present Archbishop of York, his late respected diocesan, and to Sir Thomas Edward Wilmington, the possessor of this valuable record, as well as to the Council of the Camden Society, to whom the public are indebted for its appearance in the present form. On the one hand he was considerately indulged with a long and patient loan of the MS., and on the other with an unrestricted per mission to examine and make extracts from the episcopal registers relating to the period and parties in question, which have supplied information nowhere else to be found. In this he was materially aided through the facilities of access afforded him by Thomas Evans, Esq. registrar of the see, to whom he desires to express his thanks. These, together with a residence during the greater part of half a century in the diocese, and consequent ac quaintance with many portions of it, are among the advantages that he has enjoyed in the progress of this work. Among several disadvantages which have re tarded the execution of it beyond his wishes and inten tions, he has incessantly found occasion to regret his Xll PREFACE. distance from other important sources of original in formation, and his few and brief opportunities of con sulting them. In any attempt to throw light upon a subject of this nature, nothing can compensate for difficulty of access to contemporary and unexplored authorities, where such are known to be in existence. But, whenever he has enjoyed the privilege of searching into those contained in the great repositories of the Bod leian Library and British Museum, of Carlton Bide or the Tower, he has invariably experienced that courtesy and attention which distinguish the gentlemen to whose care these several collections are confided ; to them, and particularly to Thomas Duffus Hardy, Esq. of the Becord Office in the latter place, from whom he has received much valuable advice and assistance, he finds a real pleasure in returning his best thanks. The cause of remoteness already adverted to has tended to introduce a few, chiefly chronological, errors of the press, for correction of which the reader is earnestly referred to the list of errata at the end of the volume. In justice to himself he desires to state here what will be found substantially repeated in another place, that if he should anywhere appear to have indulged in proba bilities, or raised conjectures upon grounds too slight to support them, he trusts that upon the whole he may gain credit for having abstained from hazarding notions PREFACE. Xlll wantonly and without evidence, from weaving a narra tive out of insufficient materials, or substituting fancies for facts. If he has ventured upon an uncertainty, dis tinguished by a mark of interrogation, this will be seen to have been of comparatively rare .occurrence, his object throughout having been fair exposition and truth in this contribution towards a better understanding of the man ners of a distant age. It was the original intention of the Editor that this Work should be published in a single volume, and that the Abstract and Illustra tions by which it is to be accompanied should have been placed before the Roll ; but, circumstances having rendered it advisable that it should be divided into two volumes, it has been thought best to change that order, and give the Roll and Endorsement and Appendix in a First volume. The Second, containing the Abstract and Illustrations, with a Glossary and Index, will follow very shortly ; and any Member of the Society who may prefer the arrangement above mentioned, can hereafter adopt it by placing the whole in a single volume. April, 1854. The Editor having for some time hesitated whether he should give the Roll in extenso, or in its original form, determined upon the latter mode. To have set forth at full length all the recitals of bread, wine, and beer, fish, flesh, fowl, and other minuter articles, would have been to have occupied this volume unnecessarily, to the exclusion of materials probably more interesting. There fore, seeing this is the first, and may perhaps be the only, time that the docu ment will be printed, it is submitted faithfully to the reader as it stands. A few notes are interspersed for the information of such as may peruse it ; but an ampler exposition of the contents of the Roll is offered in the Abstract and Illustrations ; and its Endorsement is accompanied by a Commentary, respecting persons, things, and places mentioned therein, that could not be noticed else where. The punctuation throughout is not always consistent, but, such as it is, has been for the most part adhered to, unless where it obviously interferes with the sense. 1289.a 17 Ed. I. ^[ Rotulus expiia^ hospitii vemabii pris in Xpo Dhi Ric'i &i gra Heref Epi fca£ p manu Johis de Kernes capptti a die VenJis £x"~ q dies Veniis fuit dies c""stina ab ipo fo Sci Micrris/ Anno Dili. M0.cc°.lxxx0.ix°- usq, ad Idem festu/ Anno. Dili. M°.cc°.Nonagesimo. ||Die Vener9 andco apd Sugwas p expn9 hospitii Diii. pan pco.c Sept. 30. Itm.ij. sex? vin9. ceruis pco. Itm .cc. allee/ j. estik,a ang'll recn? .ij. estik' ang'tt sals, di salin .iiij. mofc. j)co. In .ccc. allee/ iij.s. x.d. In .ccc. lamprunce .ij.g. vj.d. Urn .j. salm de exhenn9/ Ex hiis rents .cc. iij. q""r. allee. di salin .c. lampr . In sale/ vj.d. fen de man ioh a The year of our Lord, as well as the regnal year, but more particularly the days of the month, which do not exist in the original, are inserted for the convenience of reference. b Sugwas. An episcopal manor and residence in the parish of Bishop's Eaton, 3| miles W.N.W. from Hereford. c Panis precomputalus, sometimes prius comjmtatus, an expression of constant recurrence, shewing that the article to which it is annexed had already been accounted for. Here it manifestly refers to some preceding roll. The remark of the learned and accurate editor of the Countess of Leicester's Roll (Manners and Household Expenses, p. xxxvi.) upon pan is, that it designates flour as well as bread, is fully supported by this document. d Estika anguillarum. Every stick of eels should contain twenty-five. (Assisa de pond, et mens. temp. Ed. 1. Statutes ofthe Realm, p. 205.) " Lamprunculis. The smaller species of lamprey, called the lampern. ' De exhennio. An exact rendering of the rural idiomatic phrase, of a present. b Remanent. The articles that follow this expression were such as remained at the end of the day, and are of course always hereafter referred to, as in note c. b Fenum de manerio. Hay from the farm in the occupation of the bailiff, taken from his stock, at a certain price per horse, entered probably upon his as well as this account, and settled between him and the steward at his reckoning day. The same mode of proceeding seems to have obtained with regard to corn. 4 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. ad xxvj. eq. In pfca eoade .j. q""r .vij. b}/ auene pcomput .j. q""r. furfur9 rec. de pist'n9/ t life eq. In .xxxviij. ferr9 de ve?i ferrob fabricand .xvj.d. In .d. clau .xij.d. l|Sm"" .ix.g. ij.d. Iw™ llDie Safei seq ibidem. In pan9/ ij. q""r. fri de man9io emp?/ p. Oct. 1. v.§. ij. sex? vin9. In .xix. sex? ceruis ? di .viij.S. xj.d. Itm .cc. t di Salm' empt'. allec .c. lamjp. di salm. fte>. In .di .c. allee/ x.d. In .xviij. salmon9/ xxviij.s. In .xxiiij. congr9 sals/ xij. g. In .j. hak'/ viij.d. In.j.estik' ang'll/ iiij.g. Ex hiis r9 .j. q""r. alle? .xvij. salin/ i vn9 .osa congr9. In di sm""e sat/ xv.d. In pan9 .ij.d. In .j. hanapar9 de coq^ emd/ ij.d. In portag1/ ij.d. fen9 de man9io ad xxvij. eq. In pfe eo^de .j. q"~r .vij. b3 t di. auen9 pco. In expn9 Harpin9 ext"" dom .xij.d. In expn venator9 f ex"" dom/ iij.d. Urn 1 expn9. (sic). ||Sm"" .lxij.g. v.d. || Sm"" duoa diex pceden? .lxxj.g. vij.d.g pbidem. |j_Die D°nica px"" post festu Sci Micftis ibid, pan9 .iij. sex? vin Oct. 2. de instaur9." ceruis pco. I?m .iij. q""r bou di pore .j. multon9. pco. In .ij. karc ' bouis/ ix.g. iiij.d. In .x. karc mul?/ x.g. In .j. porco/ ij.g. a Prebenda, applied throughout to oats — horse-corn as it is termed in the country — pr, as in this instance apparently, oats and bran mixed. b De veteri ferro. New shoes worked up out of old iron and cast-off shoes. This was not mere economy, such being preferred for toughness to any made of new iron. c Furnus or (panis) fumiatus (fumagium signifies a toll for baking). Wherever this term may be employed it denotes a baking day. d In universo omnes. The whole of all. c Summa, a word variously spelt in the glossaries, but by this writer always in the same way with that which he places at the close of each day's expenditure, here and elsewhere signifies a horse-load. According to the Assize (ut supra) it should weigh an hundred pounds. ' Harpini. Venatoris. Adam Harpin, the falconer, and John the huntsman, had an extra allowance for diet when they were engaged at a distance from home. (Dors. ||43. f. m. ||63. c. j.) The same rule was observed with other retainers. e Summa duorum dierum precedentium. The two preceding days are summed up to bring the account even, and begin that of the week with Sunday. h De instauro. Out of the stock, not purchased on this occasion. 1 Carkasiis bovis. As this is the first flesh-day that occurs, the reader will observe that from this point throughout, in the account given of common meats, joints are never noticed, nothing less than quarters or carcasses. The Norman term multon is always used for the dead sheep. 17 Ed. I.] THE BOLL. 5 viij.d. In .xxv. au?/ v.g. ij.d. 6. In .xl. putt .ij.g. vj.d. In .xxiiij. colubett .viij.d. In alaud .j.d. q"". l?m .iiij. auc .viij. putt de exft .ix. perdr9 de r_qsi?.a Ex hiis. i9 .ij. karc bou .viij. multon9 .j. pore xxj. auc .xxx. putt .xij. columbett. fen9 de man9io ad xxix. eq9. In pfe eo?d equo^/ ij. q"~r auene/ pcompu?. ||Sm"" .xxx.g. v.d. 6.q"~. Hlbid'. ||Die Lune seq ibid pan9 .iij. sex? vin9. ceruis pco. In buleter9/b Oct. 3. viij.d. In gestia .j.d. Itm .j. q"~r t di. bou .j. multon9. di. pore/ iij. cap .xx. putt. pco. In .dccc ouo£ .iij .3. In mostard/ iiij.d. Spe's. In portag .j.d. Itm .j. li. croci .j. li. gingifei .j. li. pipis .j. li. galingat .j. li. cimin . rec de caniac ad coq""m. In .j. vlna canafe ad baggas/ iij.d. fen de man o ad/ xxiij. eq. In pbend eoad .j. q""r .v. b3 auene pco. ||Sm"~ .iiij -S. v.d. Illbidem furn'. ||I)ie M°"r? seq ibid. In pane furn9 .ij. q""r fri de man io ep? Oct. 4. p .v.g. Km .j. sex? t di. vin9. ceruis pco. Km .j. q""r ? di bou .vj. auc .j. multon .vj. putt .xij. columbett pco. Itm .j. pore de exft. i rem . di porcus. fen de man io ad xxvj. eq . In pfe. eosd j. q"~r .vj. b3 % di auen . pcomp. ||Sm"~ .v.§. yibidem ||Die M9cur9 seq ibid, pan .j. sex? *t di vin9. ceruis pco. In di Oct. 5. sex? vin9 emp?/ viij.d. Itm. di .c. allec .j. salm .v. tench pco. In .ccc. allec .iij.g. ix.d. In .iij. salin .iiij.g. viij.d. In pisce aq Salm' rem' i' dulc t menus/d ij.g. vj.d. Ex hiis r .c. j. q""r. allec .xix. salm in vniuso. In pane/ iiij.d. In pis .iiij.d. In carbon/ viij.d. In * De perquisite. Apparently employed in opposition to de exhennio, as of our own, not of a present. (But see Glossary.) These partridges were the fruit of Harpin's exertions. b Buleteria, bolted flour, or the cloth applied to that process. (Dors. ||48.) c De camera. Spices delivered out from the store-room for culinary purposes. Their prices are not noted here, as having been formerly entered when bought in ; but see Dors. ||5, 6, for farther purchases. d Tench, pisce agues dulcis et menusiis. Many kinds of the smaller fish are com prised in this statement which are not particularly specified. Carp had not as yet been brought into this country, or it would probably have been mentioned with Tench. Minnows were in request; but the term may designate several sorts of smaller fry. uniu so. Auen". 6 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. porta£ .6. feii de man9io ad/ xxv. eq. In .xij. q""r auen empt in foro p .xij.s. ix.d. Inde in pfe eojd .iij. by. p? .j. q""r .iij. b3 . t di auene pc .j. q"~r. ei dem auene ad pastu canu.a In potu careta£ ad {of/ b j.d. ||Srn7 xxv.S. ix.d. 6. Ibidem |]Die Jou seq ibid, pan9 .j. sex? vin9. In .xij. sex? ceruis1 Oct. 6. emp? p .v.g. Km .j. q""r. bou9 .j. multon9. di. pore/ v. auc. pco. P'. Km .xxxix. pdr9 de gq9sito. i rem/ xxiiij. pdr . fen de man io ad/ xxix. eq. In pb eoad/ ij. q"~r. di b3. auen''. {too. ||Sm"" .v.8. Ibidem, furn'. ||Dje Ven9is seq ibidem. In pane furn9/ ij. q""r. fri. de man9io Oct. 7. emp? p ,v.s. j. sex?, vin . ceruis pcompu?. Km .c. j. q"~r. allec .iiij. mos .ij. congr9 .ij. estik' t di ang'tt. pco. In .cc. allec/ ij.s. iiij.d. In .ij. mor9. rec9 .xiiij. d. Ex hiis r .iij. q""r. allec. In sep/ v.d. fen9 de man9io ad/ xxv. eq. In pfe .j. q"~r .vj. b3. % .di auene p*co. HSm"" .viij.g. xj.d. Ibldem || Die Sabi seq ibidem, pan .j. sex? vin . ceruis pc. Km .iij. Oct. 8. q"~r. allec .ij. salm. pco. In .cc. allec/ ij.g. vj.d. In .c. lamprV x.d. t n1 rem. In pis/ xj.d. fen9 de man9io ad/ xxix. eq. In pfe/ ij. q""r. di b3- auen9 pc. \\Sm""/ iiij.g. iij.d. Ibide' (^ ||Sm"" septimane/ iiij.li. iij.g. x.d. q"". Ibid', furn'. j]I>ie D°nica in festo Sci Dionis9 ibid. In pan9 furn9/ ij. q"~r. Oct. 9. fri de man io emp? p .v.g. ij. sex? vin i di. ceruis. pco. Km di karc bou9 .ij. mult .v. putt .ix. auc/ xiiij. pdr5 pco. In .xxxix. putt/ ij.g. ij.d. 6. In .x. colubett .iij.d. In alaud/ iij.d. 6. Km .j. karc bou .iij. pc .xij. pdr9 exft. Ex hiis r9 .j. karc t di bou i vniu9so/ ij. pore t di .xxxiiij. putt .xxij. pdr9 i vniu9so. fen9 de man9io ad/ xxvij. eq. In pfe eo^d .j. q""r .vij. b3. t di auene pco .j. q""r. furfur9 de pistno/ life eqs. In ma^ i i serur .j.d. 6. In fen9 de * Ad pastum canum. Oatmeal for the stag-hounds, that were shortly to have full employment. b In potu carectariorum ad forum. The carters having been to market and brought home twelve quarters of barley, had an allowance of drink. 17 Ed. I.] THE ROLL, Fen' de s'rior' Rompe'n au- tumpn' p' ce dent'. II Ibid', Ibidem furn' Ang'U de man'io.Auen' 11 alloc' f'ta' g3§- pp'o p' 9p.e q ptin3 ad Bromyard/ b due? apd Bosebur9/ a qd no fuit alloca? ca fen iferior9 Romp ptin? ad From/d p eo qd usq, sugior' Romp' Kc no po?at sciri pciu ei9/ xliiij.g. messager9 p vie/ ij.d. In ela/e iiij. || Sm" L In minu? .lij.S. iiij.d. o. ||Die Lune seq ibid, pan .j. sex? vin . In .xviij. sex? i di Oct. 10. ceruis/ emp? p/ viij.g. ix.d. Km. di karc bou9 .ij. mult .di. pore .xij. pdr9 .xvj. puji. pco. In .xxij. auc9/ iiij.s. vij.d. Ex hiis r9 •xvij. auc. In .dccc. ouo£ .iij.g. iiij.d. In pane/ iiij.d. fen9 de man io ad xxviij. eq. In pfe eoad .ij. q""r. auen pco. ||Sm""/ xvij.S. ||Die M"~r? seq ibid. In pane furn9/ ij. q""r fri de man9io emp? Oct. 11. p .v.g. ij. sex? i di vini/ ceruis pco. Km .j. q""r. bou . di. pore .ij. multon9 .viij. auc .xj. putt .x. pdr9. pco. Itm .vj. auc .vj. capon9 de exhenn9/ i rem/ xv. auc. os cap. [In ou/ iij.g. iiij.d.]f In .v. b5. fri ad coq"~m .xviij. d. 6. q"". In .v. estik'. t di ang'tt de man9io emp? p xvj.d. 6. In. feno p istam moram/ x.g. In .vj. a Rompeneye superior et inferior. Meadow land so called in the parishes of Brom yard and Bishop's Frome, in co. Hereford, distinguished as Over or Upper and Lower Rompeney. A part of it is still called the Lord's Meadow, is parcel of the manor of Bromyard, and attached to the see. The hay from the two manors is kept distinct, not to disturb the accounts of the several bailiffs. That from Upper Rompeney, sent off to Bosbury, had never been entered before, (pro eo quod, a literal translation of the French phrase par or pour ce que,) because the worth of it had not hitherto been ascertained. Passages such as these may serve to shew the manner in which the Latin of the Roll apes the structure of the French and English then in use. b Bromyard. A market town in co. Hereford, 14 miles N.E. from Hereford. Iu this parish was one of the Bishop's manors. c Bosbury. A parish and village, H miles N. by W. from Ledbury, in co. Here ford. Here the Bishop had a manor and residence. d Frome. A parish 4^ miles S. by E. from Bromyard, containing another episcopal manor. e In eleemosina. This almsgiving does not appear to be connected with any dole at the Bishop's gate. It was the charity of my lord's personal distribution, or by the hands of his almoner, when he went abroad. ' Dashed through with the pen. e Allocatio facta prceposito prius compulata. This marginal note records that several of the entries had previously been accounted for ; and that an allowance was made to the bailiff for certain disbursements in the cost of a kitchen fire-place, collect ing faggots, and house-cleaning against the Bishop's arrival. HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. Ibidem Ibidem. || Ibidem furn' q""r. auen9 emp? p .vj.s. vj.d. 6. Ind in pfe ad xxviij. eq .j. q""r .j. b3 pter .vij. b3. auen9 pco. In ftur"" ast' i coq"". c'rpis coUigend domib3 mudand. o,"". aduentu dni/ xiij.d. ||Sm"7 xxv.g. vj.d. o.q". ||Die M9cur9 seq ibide. pan9 .j. sex? t di vin9 ceruis pco .j. Oct. 12. salm pco. In .cc. t di allec/ ij.g. xj.d. In .ccc lampr . 1 alio pisce aq dulc/ ij.g. v.d. t n1 rem. fen9 de man9io ad xxviij. eq. In pfe eosd/ ij. q"~r. auen9 pco. In expn Wtti Palef'dar9 refmoran? cu palefrid apd Bosebur 1 maj a ei d infirma? cu pane ad quos- dam canes ibid moran?/ iij.g. x.d. 6. l|Sm"7 ix.g. ij.d. 6. ||Die Jou9 seq ibid, pan9 .j. sex? t di vin9. cuis pco. Km. di Oct. 13. karc bou . j. pc/ viij. auc .v. putt pco. Km .xij. pdr de exhenn . 1 n1 re 1 rem. T ^ In ou .vj.d. In alleis/ ij.d. fen de man io ad xxxj. .9 3; eq. In pfe eokd/ ij. q""r .j. b3. 1. di auen pco ||Die Ven is seq ibid. o? p .v.g .i. sex? r- ¦••¦•'' In pan furn .ij. q' ||Sm"" .ix.d. "r. fri de man9io Oct. 14. ept p .v.s .j. r • V -11, ¦¦> 1 *^ r^J [_vin .Jb ceruis pco .j. salm. pco. In .ccc. allec/ iij.g. iij.d. In .ccc. lampr/ xxj.d. In .xvij. g°ss ang'tt. 1 .iiij. estik' minu? p Bc .v.g. ix.d. In .j. salm de man9io/ vj.d. In Salm' & ang'll' .j. estik' ang'tt de gurgi?/ iij.d. Ex hiis r9 o1> ang'tt. In carbon9 .viij.d. o. fen de mahvio ad/ xxx. eq. In .xj. q"~r auen9/ emp? i de gurgit Auena e'pt lllbid' foro p .xj.g. iij.d. Ind in pfe eosd .j. q""r .ij. b3. i di. p .v. b3 1 di auen pc. ||Sm"" .xxviij. S. v.d. o. ||Die Safei seq. pan .j. sex? 1 di vin9. In .xv. sex? .ij. lag1 Oct. 15. ceruis .vij.g. iiij.d. j. salm .vij. ang'tt gross .iij. estik' ang'tt minu?. pco. In .cc. allec .ij.g. iiij.d. In pisce aq dulc .viij.d. 1 n1 reiS. " Mareschalcia. Attendance upon a sick horse that had been left with some hounds in the care of William, the under-groom, at Bosbury, when my lord was last there in August preceding. John, a farrier, of Bosbury, was occasionally employed in this service. (Dors. ||24. ||44. m. ||64. m.) See also Oct. 21, May 18. b Vim. inserted. c B. John de Basseville. One of the squires of the household. Dec. 3. (Dors. ||42. c. ||62. c.) d De gurgile. Salmon and eels caught at the wear at Sugwas, which belonged to the manor. See infra, Oct. 22, March 29, marginal references. 17 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 9 In ptag/ j.d. fen de man9io ad/ xxxj. eq. In pfe eoa t alio^ obli- to^/ alias/ ij. q°"r .ij. b3- i di. auen9 pco .j. q""r ei9d au ad can9. ||Sm°7 x.s. v.d. HSm"" septimane .vij.li. iij.g. ix.d. q"~. lllbide' finn' ||Die D°nica px"" an fm Sci Luc. Ewangte ibid. In pan9 furn9/ Oct. 16. ij. q""r. fri de man9io emp?. p .v.g. ij. sex? i di vin9. cerui? pco. K. di. pc .vij. au2 .ij. putt. pco. In .ij. karc bouis/ ix.g. vj.d. In .j. porco/ xxij.d. In .j. apro/ v.g. vj.d. In xxj. aucas a/ iij.g. xj.d. q"". In .xxxj. colubett .xiij. d. In alaud .iij.d. o. Km .xxiij. p' perdr9 de pq'si?. Ex hiis r9 .j. karc bou. di pore9 .xv. au2 .x. perdr. In dc. ou .ij.g. iij.d. In pan9 .iij.d. In portag1 .j.d. In cas .x.d. fen de man9io ad xxxij. eq. In pfe eorfcd .ij. q""r .ij. b3. auene pco. ||Sm"~ .xxx.g. vj.d. 6. q"~. Hlbid' ||Die Lun seq ibide. pan'1, di sex? vin9. cerui1_ pco. In .j. sex?. Oct. n. di lag vin9 emp?/ p. xviij. d. In vas argn? % mazer9" de Bu? repand/ xij.d. Itm di karc bou9. di pore. pco. In xxvij. gatt/ xxij.d. In alaud .ij.d. Ex hiis r9/ ix. gatt. In carbon9 .viij.d. " Aucas for aucis ? b Mazerinis. My lord had a cup of this kind for his own use. See March 6. Few words have given rise to more discussion or have been left in more uncertainty. It is, however, agreed on all hands that Mazerine vessels were cups, bowls, or goblets, with or without a foot, of some precious quality, but what that quality was does not exactly appear. These variations and difficulties may have had their origin in the corruption and abused application of some word, at first employed with a definite and intelligible meaning, that was afterwards lost by being transferred in its application from one valuable material to another. Du Cange is quite puzzled about it. They were either of metal, wood, or mother-of-pearl, glass or porcelain, or some substance set with gems, or agate, or onyx, or they might be constructed of stone. Amidst all this we may, perhaps, take a hint from a term in common use. The word maslin describes a vessel of mixed metal. We may also observe in this case that among the buttery vessels the Mazerine are coupled with the silver, and that on one occasion they were mended, riveted, soldered, or bound with silver. (See June 11.) Hence it may fairly be inferred that such cups or goblets were of a metallic mixture, valuable or otherwise, in proportion to their alloy. GAUD. SOC. C 10 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. fen9 de man9io ad/ xxvij. eq. In pbend eo^d equo^ .j. q"~r .vij. b3- t di auen9 pcompu?. In expn9 Harpini a moran? ex"" dom/ vij.d. ||Sm"" v.s. ix.d. II Ibide' ||Die M""r? seq in festo Sci Luce Ewangte ibidem, pan9. In .ij. Oct. 18. sex? t di vin9 .iij.g. iiij.d. ceruis pco .j. karc. bou .j. bacon .x. auc .x. pdr9 .viij. columbett .viij. gatt. pco. In .ij. karc. multon9/ P' xx.d. It. .xj. pdr9 depq'sito t expn9. b % veal .j. karc. multon9 fen9 de man9io ad/ xxvij. eq. In pfe eorid .j. q"~r .vij. 03. auen9 pco. HSm""/ v.g. Hlbid'. fum'. ||Die M cur9 seq ibid. In pane furn9 .ij. q""r. fri de man9io Oct. 19. emp? p .v.g. In. ij. sex?, di lag1 vin9 emp? .ij.g. x.d. cerui^ pco. Km .ij. estik' ang'tt pco. In .c allec./ vj.g. In .ij. hak' t .ij. gornard/ xvj.d. In .iij. estik' ang'tt rec/ xv.d. In pisce aq dulcis .xj.d. % rem" .cc. % di allec.. os ang'tt. In .c. lampr9/ vij.d. t exp. In mostard/ iiij.d. In .j. b3 gruefl/0 viij.d. fen9 de man9io ad Auen' .xxviij. eq. In .iiij. q""r auene emp? in foro/ cu .j. q""r aueii qd fuit an obli? i exp .v.s. iij.d. Ind in pfe eo^d/ j. q"~r .v. b3. pter .iij. b3. auen9 pco .j. q"~r furfur9 rec de pistfn i life eq. || Sm"" xxiiij .g. ij.d. Ibide' ||Die Jou seq ibid/ pan9. cerm§ pco. In .j. sex? .iij. lag vin9/ Oct. 20. ij.g. iiij.d. Itm di bacon9 .j. multon9 .iij. perdr9 .x. cap. pco. In .j. karc bou .iiij.s. vj.d. In viij. auc xxij.d. 6. In .ij. cap .iiij.d. [=_ n1 rem.4] In alaud/ vj.d. 6. In ou .iiij.d. 6. In pan .iij.d. In ptag j.d. In .ij. b3. fri ad coq"~m de man9io emp?/ p .vij.d. o. In fen9 de man9io p istos/ noue dies pcedentes/ vj.g. viij.d. In * Harpini. The fowler is still out after the partridges with his nets ; he will shortly have more employment. See Nov. 1. b Expenses, i. e. they were all cooked and eaten. It is hardly necessary to point out that, whether anything or nothing remained after the consumption of the day, it was in either case faithfully recorded. c Gruelli. See also Nov. 23, Jan. 11. This is sometimes interpreted as fluid gruel. As it is, however, here and elsewhere occasionally estimated by the dry measure, it may be taken for the meal or material of which the gruel is made. cl Et nil remanet, interlined. 17 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. II pbend ad/ xxxij. eq .ij. q"~r j. b3 auen9 pco. In .M. clauox eq .ij.g. In ela da? die M^r? pceden?/ v.d. In siccacone auen9 ad canes/a j.d. o. In cirpis/ 6. In buscab psternenda .j.d. ||Sm"~ .xx.g. iij.d. ||Bosebur9° ||Die Ven9is seq apd Bosebur9. In pane furn9 .ij. q"~r fri de Oct. 21. man io emp? p .v.g. ij. sex? vin ve?is rem.d In .xxij. sex? 1 di ceruis emp? p .xj.g. iij.d. In expn pistoa pceden?/e vij.d. o. Km .cc. 1 di. allec .ij. salin 1 di. ij. cong sals pco. In/ dc. allec/ vij.g. In pisce aq dulc 1 .j. ang'tt grogs/ ij.g. viij.d. Ex hiis rem/ d. allec .j. ang'tt g°ss. fen de Romp ad xxxv. eq. In/ ij. q"~r t di Auen' auen emp? p .ij.g. vj.d. Ind in pfe/ totii pr. di. b3. In eta .ij.d. In expn .j. garc 1 .ij. eqf infirma? cu. furfur ad eosdem .x.d. 6. ||Sm"7 xxx.S. j.d. Illbidem ||Die Safei seq ibidem, pan j. sex? 1 di vini. ceruis pco. In Oct. 22. butir9/ j.d. Km .ccc j. q"~r allec .iij. salm .j. ang'll g°ss pco. In Ang'll de Sug- .x. estik' ang'tt de Sugwas/ ij.g. vj.d. t rem. In ou .x.d. In RedU;dd3edla lacte/ ^ z * t?™ _-._-.n allec _§ pco. In Oct. 29. ? i di. vin'. cerui l;u.__rv .j.d. Km .ccc. allec .iiij. hak' .v. ang'tt grosg. di estik' -9 (preca). In lacte/ i.d. c- ibid. In pan9 furn9 .ij. q""r. fri de man9io Oct. 30. sex? vin9. cerais1 pco. Km .j. karc .j. q""r bou .ij. .viij. auc. pco. Itm in volatii/0 iij.d. K .j. pore ang'tt min9 (preca). In lacte/ j.d. fen9 de Romp ad .xxv. eq. In pfe eo^de .j. q""r .v. b3. t di. auen9 pco. ||Sm"7 ij.d. || Sm"" septimane cxv.g .viij.d. || Sm"" mensis ? duo^ die^b xxvij.li. viij.g. iij.d. ofe || Die D°nica px"" seq ibid. In pan9 furn9 .ij. q' emp? p .v.g. ij. sex? vin9. ceruis p karc. multon9 .viij. auc. pco. Km in volatii/0 iij.d. K .iiij. auce de exhenn9 .xvj. pdr9 de pq;si?. Ex hiis r9 di pore/ [exhenn9d]/ xxij. au2. i vniuso/ vj. pdrv. In ouis .xix.d. In pane/ ij.d. fen9 de Romp/ ad xxvj. eq. In pfe eo*d .j. q""r .vj. b$. auen9 pco. II Sm"" .vij.s. ||Die Lune seq ibid, pan9 .iij. sex? vin9. In xxiij. sex? .iiij. lag1 Oct. 31 cerui§ emp? p .x.g. viij.d. It .ccc. att t di .iij. salm .v. congr / iiij. estik' ang'tt .vj. estik' ang'tt g°gg. pco. fen9 de Romp ad/ xxxij. eq eosde .ij. b3 i di pter .j. q""r .vij. b3. auene pc6 ||Sm""/xxij.s. viij.d.e 1 1 Die Mar? seqnti In festo Ofnium Scojp ibid. In pan9 furn9/ Nov. 1 iij. q""r. fri de man9io emp? p vij.S. vj.d. Itm .v. sex?, vini. ceruiS pco. In ges? t. eindacone renger9f ad pis?nu/ iij.d. K .ij. in .xij. q""r. auen9 emp? in foj/ xij.g. Inde in pfe in the services of the Church. (Dors. ||5, 6, b.) They however manufactured their own tallow candles from their household resources ; and, in one instance, there was a large making of eighty pounds. Nov. 17. * Precomputatce inserted. b Duorurn dierum. The two days taken into the reckoning from the beginning of the Roll, viz. Sept. 30, Oct. 1. The last day of this week and month of weeks is sig nalised by an expenditure of only two pence, but this is not beneath the clerk's notice. c Volatilibus. Many species of small birds, not including larks, for they usually form a separate article. d Exhennium inserted. * End of the first schedule of the roll. Each schedule is numbered upon the endorse ment, and is separately called Rotulus. The whole is formed of ten of these skins or rotuli. ' Rengerii ad pistrinum. Some kind of fastening for the bakehouse, for the better security of the flour and bran deposited there. 17 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 15 karc .j. q"~r bou j. pore de ve?i instaur .a di pore de exh .ij. Venac'o multon9 .viij . pdr9 [.xx. auceb] pco. I? .j. dam .j. la? j. hanch pingued0 j. la? cerui. j. dam da? Reg de Boclond.d It .ij. dame mace rec de chace t expn9. In .j. porco emp?/ iij.g. In .j. vitulo xx. d. In .xix. auc .iij.g. xj.d. In .lxiiij. putt .iiij. s. In vola?/ ix.d. 6. It .ij. pore de exhenn . Ex fe. r .ij. pore i di. i vniuso pter/ pore ve?isf rem .xxxj. putt, t os auc. In sep .xij.d. In ou/ xiij.d. In pan9 .iij.d. In lac? .iiij.d. fen de Romp ad xxxvj. eq. In pfe. eosd .ij. q""r .iij. b$. i di auen pco. In minu? messag/ p. J. de Bosebjr s .j.d. 6. In exp Harpini ex"" doni cii filo ad reth ei de/ vj.d. o. ||Sm""/ xxiiij.g. v.d. 6. Ibid' ||Die M cur seq ibid, pan .iij. sex? t di vin . ceruis pco. Itm .ij. Nov. 2. estik' ang'tt .xij. angft g°ss. pco. In .dcccc. t di. allec .xj.s. j.d. In .vj. salm .x.g. viij.d. In .viij. congr / v.g. In .j. estik' ang'll g°gg/ iiij.g. In .viij. estik' ang'tt mino£ .iij.g. viij.d. Ex hiis r9 in Remanent' in vniuso .dcc. allec .viij . salm i vniuso i (.viij.11) congr .xv. estik' vmu'so allec' ang'tt .xvii. ang'tt g°gg i vniuso. In. ou .vii.d. In expn coci ad salm' ang'll' & ... J ° ° r, 9 , J , ~ ^_ minut' et g'ss'. foi .iij.d. 6. In portag t pan ns .uj.d. fen. de Romp ad xxvj. eq. a De veteri instauro. Salt pork and bacon of the old stock in hand. b .xx. Aucai interlined. 1 Hanch' pinguedmis. This refers to hart or buck venison. Pinguedo is a term of venery or purveyance, importing that the animal, when salted, was in prime condition : it is used to express the season of the male deer, as firmatio is that of the female. See Nov. 27, Dec. 25, Jan. 10, 15, 22. This great feast-day produced venison of several kinds, that of the hart or stag, the buck and the doe. It was now the height of the doe-season; and these are mentioned as fresh, though lean, because brought imme diately from the chase. a Reginaldo de Boelond or de la Bocland. (Dors. ||34) where he again appears to be favoured by Bishop Swinfield, who made him a present of 53s. id. de dono mero, at Colwall on the day of the Seven Sleepers, July 27, 1290. He had also clothing (Dors. ||48, 54, a, b.), but does not seem to have received regular wages. He and John de Kingeswood took the wagon up from Bosbury to London, when Thomas de la Dane made a journey thither, and brought it back to Bosbury. (Dors. || 12, 23.) e Chacia. The Chase on the western side of Malvern Hill, that had been an object of contention between Gilbert de Clare earl of Gloucester, and Thomas de Cantilupe bishop of Hereford, but was adjudged to the latter in the year 1278. Reg. Cantilupe, f. 20, a, b. ' Veteris sc. instauri understood. b Johannem de Bosbyr'. A page on the establishment. (Dors. ||45, d. 65, e.) '' .viij. inserted. I| Ibidem furn' || Ibidem cc. di pco .9 3s •j- q >• fen9 de 16 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. In pfe eofcde .j. q""r .vj. b3. auen9 pco. In expn9 venatojp in chad cu puer9 loca? ad clamand/a t exp venator9 alias/ vij.d. In expn Folio? b infirmati/ v.d. II Sm""/ xxxvj.g. vj.d. 6. , ||Die Jou seq ibide. In pan9 furn9/ ij. q""r. fri de man9io emp? Nov. 3. p .v.g. Km .j. sex? % di vin9. cerui§ pco. Km .iij. q""r bou. di pore/ vj. au2 .vj. putt pco. fen9 de Rompen9 ad xxvj. eq. In pbend eofcd .j. q""r .vj. b3. auene pco. Itm .ij. q""r ei9dem auen9 life ad pastu canu. II Sm""/ v.g. ||Die Ven9is seq ibide pan9 .j. sex? .j. lag1, vin9. In .j. lag1, vin9/ Nov. 4. iiij.d. In .vij. sex? t di ceruis1/ iij.g. j.d. 6. Km allec. .j. salm t di .iij. estik' f. di ang'tt .iiij. congr9 Romp ad/ xxiiij. eq. In pfe eojde .j. q""r .v. b3. auen9 pco. K .j. q""r furfur9 ad eq life. ||Sm°"/ iij .8. v.d. 6. il Ibidem furn'. || Die Safei seq ibid. In pane furn9/ ij. q""r fri de man9io emp? Nov. 5. p .vj.g. j. sex? vin9. cerui^ pco. In butir9 .j.d. It .cc. di .j. q""r. allec .j. salm 1 di .vj. ang'tt grosg pco. In menu?/ vij.d. q"". In lac? .j.d. 6. In ou .xx.d. fen9 de Romp ad .xxv. eq. In pfe .j. q""r .v. b3. "* di au pco. ||Sm"" .viij.g. v.d. 6. q""r. ||Sm"" septimane c.vij.s. vij.d. q"". 1 1 Die D°nica seq in festo Sci Leonardi ibid, pan9 .iij. sex? t di Nov. 6. vin9. In xxiij. sex?, t di ceruis emp? .x.g. ix.d. 6. Km .iij. q""r. bou .j. multon9. di pore/ x. auc .xij. putt. pco. Km/ v. auc exhenn9. I? .xx. pdr9 de pqjsi?. Ex hiis. r9 .xiiij. auc .viij. pdr9/ In pan9 .v.d. In lacte/ ob. fen9 de man9io ad xxxij. eq. In .v. Auen' q""r. auene emp? in foro/ v.s. Ind in pfe .j. q""r .v. b3. t di. pter/ iiij. b3. auen pco. In/ expn H. de cama0 ex"" dom/ j.d. 6. || Sm""/ xvj.g. iiij.d.. ofe. Ibidem rem' auce i' vniu'so * Locatis ad clamandum. Boys hired to shout at the deer, either to rouse or drive them in certain directions, or into toils. b Foliot. A page of the household. (Dors. ||45, h. 65, i.) The family of Foliot had supplied the see of Hereford with two bishops. Swinfield in the person of this young man, and in William de Cantilupe, who was at the head of his esquires, patronised the connections of two of his predecessors. (Dors. ||42, a. 62, a.) " Henricus de Bekkeford, so named from Beckford between Tewkesbury and Evesham. He was the chamberlain. (Dors. ||43, 1. 63, i.) 17 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 17 || Die Lune seq ibid. In pan9 furn9 .ij. q""r. fri de man9io emp? Nov. 7. P .vj.g. j. sex? vin . ceruis pco. Km. di. karc bou pco j. q""r. bou conputand.a It .j. pore .xxiiij. putt .iiij. cap exfe [pc6b] .iiij. auc .iij. pdr . pco. fen9 de man9io ad xxij. eq. In pfe eofcd .j. q""r 1 di. auen9 pco. ||Sm"" .vj.g. ||Die Mar? seq ibid, pan9 .j. sex? 1 di vin9/ In .ij. sex? .x. lag1 Nov. 8. ceruis! emp?/ p .x.d. o. q"~. Km/ iij. q""r, bou conputand. di. pore exft. di pore de ve?ic rem1 .xij. putt .v. pdr9. pco. In .Iij. putt p. rem' pull' et .iij.g. viij.d. In vola? j.d. Km .xiij. pdr9 de pq'?. Ex hiis r9 xxix. putt, i vniuso/ viij. perdr9. In .xvj. colubett/ iiij.d. 1 exp. In ou/ x.d. fen de Romp ad .xxxj. eq. In .vij. q""r. auene emp? p .vij.g. vij.d. Ind in pfe eo^d/ iij. b3. pter .j. q""r .vj. b3 % di. Ibidem furn' bou'. p'. con putand'. Ibidem p'dr Aven'. P CO. |Sm""/ xiij.s. iiij.d. 6. q" || Ibidem furn' allec' empt' || Ibidem p'dr' i| Ibidem furn' || Die M cur seq ibide. In pane furn9/ ij. q"~r fri de man9io Nov. 9. emp? p .vj.g .j. sex? 1 di vini. ceruis pco. In butir .j.d. Km .c. 1 di. allec .j. salm ? di .iij. congr .vij. estik' ang'tt. pco. In .ij. mitt .d/ allecis emp?/ xxv.g. In pisce aq dulc/ vj.d. Ex hiis in coq"" .c.j. q"~r. allec. t pise aq dulc. In gruett .v.d. 6. In ou/ v.d. fen9 de Romp ad xxxiij. eq. In pfe eo^d .ij. q""r .ij. b3. t di avene pco. l|Sm"" .xxxij.s. v.d. ofe. ||Die Jou seq ibidem, pan .j. sex? 1 di vin . ceruis pco. Km Nov. 10. .iij. q""r bou. conputand .j. pore de ve?i rem .iiij. auc .xij. puft .ix. perdr pco. Itm .ij. dame rec de chac/ 1 expii. Km .ix. perdr9 de pq'si? ? rem. fenu de Romp ad .xxviij. eq. In. pfe eo^d .j. q""r .vij. b3. 1 di auen pcomp. ||Sm"" n1. ||Die Ven9is in festo Sci Martini ibid. In pan9 furn9/ iij. q""r. Nov. 11. fri de man io emp? p .vij.s. vj.d. j. sex? vin ceruis pco. K .cc. di .j. q"~r. allec .j. salm .iiij. congr9 pco. In .iiij. salm .vij.g. In .xxiiij. stocfis .ij.g. vj.d. In pisce *aq dulc/ xij.d. Ex hiis r .vj. a Conpulanda. The price is not set down, but is to be carried to account hereafter. The same precise memorandum occurs on the ensuing day, and in many other places. b Preeco'. Dashed through with the pen. * De veteri sc. instauro. They were consuming their old stock of salt meat, see Nov. 1, 10, 13, to make room for the supply coming into the larder. CAMD. SOC. D vmu so. Ilbid' 18 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINF1ELD. [1289. rem' salm' i salin t di in vniuso .xij. estocP. In exp coci ad fojp cu exp eq0^/ v.d. fen9 de Romp ad xxxj. eq. In pfe eoxd/ ij. q""r .j. b3. t di. auen9 pco. In .lx. ferr9 eq cu .j. mitt t di. clauojp ad ead/ vij.g. vj.d. || Sm""/ xxv.g. xj.d. || Die Safei seq ibid, pan9 .iij. sex? t di vini. In .xxvj. sex? i di Nov. 12. ceruis emp? .xij.s. Km .ccc.j. q""r. allec .j. salm t di .iij. congr .iiij. ang'tt g°s^ pco. In .xxj. ang'll g°sg/ iiij.g. Ex hiis r9 .xiiij. Ang'll g°ss r' i ang'tt gross in vniuso. In cccc. ou/ xviij. d. fen9 de Romp ad xij. vmu'so. e~ jn vigiti. xxxiuj.s. vij.d. In st mie c ptag* .xvj.s. vj.d. q . In cirpis t duo. d'. Etp'. ptag1 f domib3 nldand .ij.s. v.d. K. in .iiij. li. can del/ iiij.d. ofe. octo n' soluit'. '- ,IC, a. • i~ • ~ * k a- adhuc. n' trad'. ||Sm .VJ. 11. XJ.S. V.d. ofe. q . ||Kensinton' || Die Ven9is in festo Sci Hillar9 apd Kensintoii.f In pane/ Jan. 13. xij.g. ij.d. Km .v. lag vin Lond pco. In lag t'b3 vin emp?/ ix.d. In ceruis emp?/ iiij.g. xj.d. In ges?/ j.d. ofe. In exp pistoa ¦ Lacte— frumento ad frimitatum. Milk, and wheat tobe boiled therein, for the dish called frumenty, or firmity. b Ad species coquinos inponendas. A box for holding the kitchen spices. See Dec. 25, for a similar mode of expression respecting a barrel for the saffron used in cookery. c Stabulagio equorum. It may fairly be concluded, that when Swinfield took his servants to Westminster on the two preceding days, the party rode, and the horses were put up in villa ; but when he went with his clerks it was in a boat, in passagio. Nothing is mentioned as to how he went or was accompanied on the previous Sunday ; whether he sent his present or delivered it in person ; the latter, as more probable, is assumed to have been the case in these notes. See Dors. ||39. a. b. where it is expressly stated to have been per dominum. a Hem pro mora domini Londonios. The whole of what follows these words to the end of the day's account is written in a smaller hand. No sum is entered after the word Lond', but this passage bears some not very obvious reference to the subsequent articles. e Per Thomam de la Dane. A memorandum respecting the price of oats and payment by the said Thomas, which is not altogether intelligible, but seems intended as a check upon his account. 1 Kensinton. Frequent mention is made in the Bishop's register of his staying at Kensington in his visits to London, both in going up and returning. The Abbey of Abingdon had a manor and manor-house here. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 43 ad molndin9/a j.d. Km/ ccc. is di. allec pco. In .j. cos? m9leng is hadok'/ vj.g. In .cc. lampr9/ ij.g. viij.d. In/ xiij. stocfis/ xij.d. In storgo/ ij.g. vj.d. In ostr9/ ij.d. Ex hiis r9 .xvj. m9leng .j. q"r. lampr9 .j. pec storgoii. In portag aque p moram diii Lond/ xj.d. fen de Lond conputand/ ad xij. eq. In pfe eofcd eq/ ij. q"r. auen / emp? p .v.g. ij.d. pter .j. q"r au pco. In li?a homiiib is ad eq/ iij.g. In carbone/ xiij.d. In victual^ qrend/ iiij.d. In domib3 mdand •ij.d. In feno t"hendo de Tasso Londc is portand ad hospic diii/ xij.d. In eta da? London/ iij.d. q". ||Sm"/ xiij.g. ij.d. ofe. q". Illbidem ||Die Safei seq apd Kensinton. pan9 pco p pte. Km in pan /Jan. 14. xvj.d. q" j. sex? t di vin9 de pemp?. In .ij. sex? vin9 emp?/ ij.g. In ceruis/ iiij.g. Km .c. [lampr d] allec .j. q"r lampr .j. pec storg .xvj. mleng pco. In .cc. allec/ xvj.d. In .xij. plaie/ iiij.g. vj.d. In .ij. pec storg/ xv.d. In .j. salm/ xx.d. In welk'/ xxij.d. In .xij. stocfis/ xij.d. In ostr9/ ij.d. Ex hiis r9 .j. saint tin. In potag % portag/ ij.d. fen9 de Lond conputand. ad .xij. eq. In .iij. q"r. auen emp? t life eisd eq/ vij.g. vj.d. i r In .j. b3 auen . In ma&/ iij.d. In feno t"hendo de Tasl. Lond/ j.d. In .ij. q"r sat p Th de Dane/ vj.g. ij.d. In fen p eud p exp p pte/ lxxiij.g. iiij.d. In busc" ad furn9 Lond/ v.g. vij.d. ofe. ||Sm" c.xij.g. ij.d. ofe. q". ||Sm" septiman9c duafc pceden? px0/ xlj.li. xix.g. xj.d. ofe. q". Illbidem ||Die D°nica px" seq ibidem. In pane/ vj.s. ij.d. j. sex? vin Jan. 15. pemp? Lond. In .iiij. sex? .j. potett vin9 emp? Lond .iiij.g. j.d. ofe. In. ceruis emp?/ v.g. In portag pan t bu?/ j.d. Km/ iij. q"r bou. pco. In di karc. bou rec/ iij.g. vj.d. In ,j. porco/ ij.g. x.d. In .xix. gatt/ iij.g. vj.d. In volatii/ ij.g. vj.d. K ,ij. dame a Ad molendinum. At the Abbat of Abingdon's mill. b Litera hominum. While they were in Lorfdon — and the same must have occurred elsewhere — a part of this family were glad to make their beds upon straw. c De Tasso Londonios. Hay for forty-one horses was brought from a rick in London to my lord's quarters at Kensington ; and this charge is for the hauling. A small quantity besides was bought at Kensington before they went away. d Lampr', placed in the MS. before allec', but altered. e Summa septimanarum, &c. is the rectifying of an omission at Jan 7. 44 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. en'. pingues de firma"-.. In ou .vj.d. In pis/ vj.d. In potag/ j.d. ofe. In portag1/ is busca/ iij.d. In expii diusofc hominu Lond die Ven is pcedenti/ c'ca empcom vasoa de coq"/ cu ptag eojpd vas/ ij.g. ij.d. fen9 de Lond pco" ad xxxj. eq. Km in feno/ emp? apd Ken- sintone/ vj.d. In auen9 emp? ad eosdem equos/ ij.g/ is hoc q qd amplius fuitb de auena demp? fuit de li?a da? dno die Ven is px" pcedenti. II Sm"/ xxxiij. s. ix.d. ||Bedefonte ||Die Lune px" seq apd Bedefonte. In pan9 .v.g. ij.d. ij. sex? Jan. 16. vin9 London9. pre?ea in di sex? vin9/ vj.d. In ceruis/ iiij.g. viij.d. In kariag9 eoxd/ iiij.d. I! .j. q"r. bou rec j. q"r bou sals. pco. In di karc bou/ ij g. viij.d. In .iij. pern/ iiij.g. In .xij. gatt .ij.g. 'eQ'' ij.d. In volatii/ xiiij. d. Itm .j. lat9 damaa. pc. Ex hiis r9 .j. pne I'm. In. ou/ x.d. In pan9/ iij.d. In expn coco^ pcedenc/ vij.d. fen ad xxx viij, eq. de don rector ecce de Stainwett0. Inv. q"r?di. di b3 auen9 emp? p/ xij.g. v.d. ofe. Inde in pfe eozd eq. cu pfe/ vj. eq. pcedenc .iij. q""r .j. b3 is di. auene. In expn pceden? cu car°ta coq'ne/ xij.d. In potu garconu t alio* pcedenc/ xiij.d. In eta/ iij.d. q". ||Sm"/ xxxvij.s. j.d. ofe. q". I Ibidem. ||Die M"r? seq in festo Sci Antonii ibide. In pane/ iiij.g. viij.d. Jan. 17. In .ij. sex? j. lag9 vin9/ ij.g. iij.d. In ceruis/ v.g. viij.d. Km .j. pne pco. In di karc bou/ iij.g. In .iiij. multon .iiij.g. In carni- bus pcin / xxj.d. In .xx. gatt .iij.g. vj.d. In vola? .xvj.d. ofe. % n1 rem. In ou/ v.d. In pan9/ iiij.d. In carbon/ vj.d. fen9 de dono rector ahdci ad xxxij. eq. In pfe eoxd/ ij. q"r .iij. b3 auen9 pco. In busca p .ij. diebs/ ij.g. l|Sm"/ xxix.g. v.d. ofe. * Conputat' bad been first written, but was corrected, and p'co' inserted above it. Only thirty horses now remained, several having been sent on with the luggage. b Quod amplius fuit, &c. An explanation of some adjustment of the reckoning with respect to oats ; the meaning of which was more obvious to the writer than it is to the editor. See the preceding Friday. c De dono rectoris ecclesios de Slainwell. Stanwell, in co. Middlesex, 2J miles N.E. by N. from Staines. The Rector of Stanwell found the horses in hay for two successive nights. It has been already remarked that Bedfont was not well stocked with provi sions for man; there is now apparently a scarcity of those for horse. 18 Ed. I.] THE BOLL. 45 18. ||Arleye ||_Die M9cur in festo See Prisce Virgis apd Arleye.a In pan/ Jan. iiij.g. j.d. ofe. In .ij. sex? is di vin9 emp?/ ij.g. xj.d. In/ v. sex? ceruis emp?/ iiij.g. vij.d. In .xxviij. plaie/ ij.g. vj.d. In .1. m9leng9/ ij.g. In .xviij. stocfis/ xx.d. In volat .vj.d. is n1 r ex hiis. In .dc. ou/ ij.g. vj.d. In di. b3 floris/ v.d. In expii carcte coq'ne cu hoib3 coq'ne cu pfe eq/ ij.g. iij.d. ofe. In feno emp? conputand. In .iij. q"r auen9 emp? .v.g. ofe. Ind in pfe ad/ xxxix. eq/ ij. q"r .vj. b3. i di. In ferur" is potu garc p viam .iij.d. ofe. In exp janitor9 is pistoa pceden?/ iiij.d. ofe. In eta/ iij.d. q". In .ij. carcta? bosci emp?/ x.d. q". ||Sm"/ xxx.s. iiij.d. Illbidem. ||Die Jou seq ibide. In pan9 empt/ iiij.s. vj.d. In .iij. sex? Jan. 19. vin9/ iij.g. vj.d. In ceruis1/ iiij.s. In .j. karc % di bou/ vij.g. In .j. porco/ ij.g. vj.d. In .xx. gatt/ ij.g. viij.d. In volatii/ xxij.d. Ex hiis r .j. q"r. bou. In sagie/ xvj.d. In pan9 .ij.d. fen conpu tand ad/ xxxv. eq. In .v. q"r. i di auen9/ viij.g. ix.d. ofe. Inde in pfe deos eq/ ij. q"~r .ij. b3 % di. p? .j. b3 is di auen9 pco. In .xv.li. candet. emp?/ xxj.d. ofe. In carbon is cariag eiusdem/ ix.d. || Sm"/ xxxviij.g/ x.d. Illbid' ||Die Ven9is seq ibidem, pan pco. pre?ea in pan furn / ij. q"r Jan. 20. fri emp?/ p .x.g. In busca is fornag9 eisde/ ij.d. In expii pistoa t gesty iij.d. In .j. sex? t di vin9/ p? vin9 pco/ xxj.d. In ceruis/ iiij.g. In q'b3da minu? repand eca furn apd Arleye .j.d. In .cccc. allec/ iij.g. In .j. sm". plaie is gornard/ vij.g. iiij.d. In .v. lag9, ostr9/ ij.g. j.d. In welk'/ xvj.d. In ang'tt/ viij.d. t n1 rern3. In vino acid/ iiij.d. fen9 coputand ad xij. eq. In pfe eozd/ ij. q"r. vij. b3 au pco. In busca emp? in foro/ xj.d. ||Sm"/ xxxj.g. xj.d. Illbidem. |jDie Safei seq ibid, pan9 pco. In .ij. sex? is di .j. lag9 vin9 Jan. 21. emp?/ iij.s. ij.d. ofe. In ceruis iij.g. In .ccc. allec/ ij.g. iij.d. In pisce aq dulc/ xxij.d. In ostr / ij.g. "vj.d. ? n1 rein3. In .j. b3 sal/ a Arleye. Early. This is the place near Reading mentioned before, in the panel after Nov. 20. At the manor-house the Bishop was in some sense at home, and could inspect the state of affairs. He had a chamber and a hall, — the latter had lately been rebuilt, — and there were other accommodations. Reg. Swinf. f. exxj. b. a. 1298. 46 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. vj.d. In ou/ xx.d. In gruett/ v.d. ofe. fen9 coputand ad/ xliiij. eq. In .v. q"r auen9 emp?/ viij.g. j.d. ofe. Inde in pfe eojpd eq/ iij. q"r. di. b3. p?/ ij. b3. it di au pco. In .xv. ferr9 equofc emp? Rading p ferratore/ x.d. l|Sm"/ xxiiij. g/ iiij.d. ofe. ||Sm" septimane/ xj.li. v.g. ix.d. ofe. q". || Sm" mensis/ lxiij.li. vij.g. ix.d. Illbidem. ||!Die D°nica seq in festo Sci Vincencij ibidem. In pane/ v.g. Jan. 22. ix.d. In .iij. sex? .iij. lag9 vin emp?/ iiij.g. iiij.d. ofe. In ceruis/ v.g. In .ij. karc t di bou/ xj.g. viij.d. In earn pcin"/ xviij. d. In .xij. capon/ xlviij. gatt/ viij.g. iiij.d. In volatii/ xxij.d. Km/ xvij. p'dr'. pdr de pq's. Ex hiis r9. xxij. gatt .v. perdr . Itm j. la? .j. cauda cerui .j. la? dami pinguedis .j. dam" firmas. In ou .v.d. In lac?/ ven'. iij.d. In pan9/ iij.d. In carbone/ v.d. In ptag9 diusis coq p istam moram .iij.d. ofe. In feno p istam moram recep? de R. rector9 capefta p estimacom/ vj.g. In pfe ad/ xij. eq .vj. b3 au emp? p/ xiiij. d. t life eqs p? .ij. q"r au/ pco. In litera simitr cap? de. R." rector9 simitr p estimacom .iiij.g. In maz/ j.d. || Sm" .Ij.g. iiij.d. ||Waneting'. ||Die Lune seq apd Waneting9. In pane iiij.g. viij.d. In .ij. Jan. 23. sex? vin / ij.g. iiij.d. In ceruis/ v.g. iij.d. K .xxij. gatt .v. pdr9. pc. In .j. karc is di bou/ v.g. vj.d. In di pore/ xij.d. In .iij. perii/ iij.g. vj.d. In .iiij. gatt/ viij.d. Km .vj. cunicli de exh. r9. Ex hiis r9 .j. q"r bou .ij. pii. In ou/ viij.d. In flore .ix.d. In pane/ iiij.d. In feno empto ad/ xxx. eq .iij.g. ix.d. In pfe eofcd .ij. q"r .j. b3 emp? p .iiij.s/ viij.d. In liter"/ xij.d. In ptag9 fen9 t alio^/ ij.d. In busca t carbon/ xij.d. ofe. In expii homih is eq pceden? cu car°ta coq'ne/ ij.g. vij.d. ofe. In potu p viam/ iij.d. ofe. In eta/ iij.d. q". ||Sm"/ xxxviij.g. v.d. ofe. q". ||Lecchelode. ||Die Mar? seq apd Lecchelode. In pan9/ iij.g. ix.d. In .iij. Jan. 24. » R. rectore capelle. A chapel at the manor-house at Early. It was dedicated to St. Nicholas. Reg. Swinf. f. xlviij. a. b End of the fourth schedule of the Roll. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 47 sex? .iij. lag9 1 di vin9/ iiij.g. vj.d. q". In cerui^/ iiij.g. iiij.d. I? .ij. pii. pco. In di karc bou/ ij.g. viij.d. In carnib3 pcin"/a iiij.d. In .xxiiij. gatt/ iij.g. iiij.d. is n1 r9 ex hiis. In ou/ ix.d. In pan .ij.d. In feno ad/ xxxvj. eq .iiij.g. xj.d. In pfe eo&d eq/ iij. q"r auene emp? p .vj.g. j.d. ofe. In pan9 ad eqb p viam .iij.d. In exp homin is eq pcedn? cu carcta coq'ne/ iij.s. ofe. q". In car0? oble- vand0 p via, .iiij.d. In potu p viam/ v.d. In ferur" eq p via/ iij.d. In busca % carbone/ xxj.d. In curialita? fea famlis ibid/ vj.d. In eta da? p viam/ iij.d. q". )|Sm"/ xxxvij.g. x.d. ofe. q". || Prestebur'. ||Die M9 cur9 in festo Conusiois Sci Pauli apd Prestebyr9. In Jan. 25. pan9 furn9/ j. q"r 1 di fri de man9io emp? p .v.g. It. di sex? vin de instaur9 r9man?. ceruis pco. Km .j. karc bou de instaur rem pco. Km .j. bacon de man9io conputand. In .xix. gatt/ xxiij. d. ofe. q". In j. vitul/ xv.d. In volatii j.d. is n1 r9. In ou. p ppm/ xxij.d. ofe. In lacte de man9io/ ij.d. In pan .ij.d. In feno de Auena man9io ad/ xxxij. eq .xvj.d. In .xij. q"r au de man io/ xviij. s. Inde in pfe ad eq pdcos/ ij. q"r .ij. b3 is di. In potu p viam/ ij.d. q". || Sm"/ xxx.g. ofe. Illbidem. fum'. || Die Jou seq ibidem. In pane furn9/ j. q"r di fri de man9io jan. 26. emp? p .v.g. di sex? vin de instaur . In .iij. sex? .v. lag. ceruis/ xx.d. ofe. Itm .iij. q"r bou. pco. di bacon coputand. In .j. vitui/ xij.d. In pc/ xxij.d. In .iiij. porcett/ xij.d. In .xxj. gatt .ij.s. ij.d. q". K vola? de exh k n1 ex hiis rem 3. In pan9/ iij.d. In feno de man9io ad .xxx. eq .xv.d. In pfe eoad/ ij. q"~r au pco. ||Sm" .xiiij.g. ij.d. ofe. q". Illbidem ||Die Vener9 seq ibidem, pan .j. sex?, vini. In .v.-xx- xvj. lag1 Jan. 27. * In carnibus porcina, for por cinis. Pork-meat. The substantive, originally written in the ablative singular, had been altered to the 'plural ; hut the adjective remains un corrected. b Pane ad equos. Panis, which so often expresses wheaten flour as well as bread, (see page 3, note c), in this passage denotes horse-bread, but it was only given to horses upon particular occasions, as when they were sick. See June 11. c In carecta oblevanda. Several hints are given of an accident having happened in this journey to one of the carts. Jan. 28. (Dors. ||25.) 48 household expenses of bishop swinfield. [1289. ceruii. emp? .iiij.g. v.d. In .ij. duoden9 cipho^/ xvj.d. In .m1. cc. allec/ x.g. ij.d. In .xvij. hak'/ xj.g. In .ij. salm/ vij.g. In .vij. galon ostr9/a v.g. Ex hiis r9 .m1. allec1/ xij. hak'/ .j. salnfy qdam ps. ostr9. In di .c. disc" .c. platett. di c. saus/ iij.s. In exp coci ad fox .viij.d. ofe. In expii pisto^c pceden? de Rading1 usq Preste bur9/ ix.d. In feno de man9io ad .xxviij. eq. xiiij. d. In prebend eosdem/ j. q"r .vij. b3 is di auen9 pco. ||Sm"/ xliiij.g. vj.d. ofe. Illbidem furn'. ||Die Safei seq ibidem. In .ij. q"r is di fri de man9io emp?/ p Jan. 28. .viij.g. iiij.d. j. sex? t di vini. ceruis pco. In butir9 is cas. de maner9/ ij.d. ccc. allec/ di sali3/ iiij. hak'/ ostr9 pco. Km .j. lampede de exhenn9/ 1 expn9. In ou/ xviij. d. In sep/ ij.d. In ptag1 piscis de Glouc. .iiij.d. In feno de man9io ad xxix. eq .xiiij. d. ofe. In pfe ad xxvij. eq .j. q"r .vij. b3 is di. auene pco. In exp Harpini ret°moran?a apd Lecchelod cu h erne's1 diii t familie c exp 1_rueni- en?/ xviij. d. II Sm"/ xiij.g. ij.d. ofe. ||Sm" septiman9/ xj.li. ix.g. viij.d. ofe. q". Illbidem -f- ||Die D°nica seq ibidem, pan .ij. sex? is di vini. ceruis pcomp. Jan. 29. Km .iij. q"r bou. pco. In .j. karc. bou recntis/ iiij.g. In .vij. baconib3 de man9io emp? p .xiiij.s. In .j. porco/ ij. solid .vj.d. In j. vitui/ xx.d. In .xxiiij. gatt/ ij.g. vj.d. Ex hiis r9 .iij. q""r bou rec .v. bacon, q j. baco is di. fuit p'us expn [_t hodie. di bac.e] j. q"r pc. di vitut. In ou/ xviij. d. In lacte de man io/ iij.d. In mostardo/ ij.d. In feno de man9 io ad xxvij. eq. xij.d. ofe. Inpbenda eoadem eq/ j. q"r .vj. b3 is di auene pcomp. In expii duo£ gar- " vij. galonis ostrearum. Oysters bought by the gallon, as also by the lagena. Feb. 10. b Scyphorum — discorum, &c. Cups, dishes, plates, and saucers purchased by the cook at the market, to make up for the damage occasioned to the crockery-ware by the accident on the 24th instant. c Expensis pistorum. Travelling expenses of the bakers, who were sent forward to Prestbury to get things in readiness against the arrival of the Bishop and his retinue. d Harpini retromorantis. Harpin was obliged to stay behind at Lechlade with the baggage or a portion of it, till the injury done ou the preceding Tuesday could be re paired. e Et hodie dimidius baco, interlined. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 4!) conu venatox cii canib3 dni ret°moran?a apd Prestebur du dn5* iret Lond is reutere?/ vid3 p vnu mensem/ xiiij .5. x.d. ofe. || Sm"/ xiij.g. vj.d. Illbidem furn' ||Die Lune seq ibidem. In pan9 furn9/ j. q"r t di fri de man9io Jan. 30. exp is emp?/ p .v.g. j. sex? j. lag vini/ ceruis pco. K .j. q"r bou rec. di karc bou sals, di vitut j. bac j. q"r pore pco. In .iij. porcett/ ix.d. In xxxix. gatt/ iiij.s. iiij.d. ofe. q". In volatii/ ij.d. et r .xxij. gatt. In cas de man io .j.d. ofe. In feno de man io ad/ xxvj. eq .xiij.d. In pfe eofcde eq j. q"r .vij. b3. f di auen pco. || Sm"/ xj.s. vj.d. q". Illbidem. [jDie Mar? seq ibidem, pan9 .j. sex? t di vini. In .xvj. sex? .xj. Jan. 31. lageri ceruis emp?/ viij.g. j.d/ ofe. Km. di karc bou rec .xiiij. gatt. pco. In .j. porco/ xv.d. In .j. vitui/ xv.d. is n1. r9 . In ou/ xiij.d. ofe. In feno de man9io ad/ xxv. eq. [xij.d. ofe.b] In .xij. q"r auefi de maner emp?/ p .xviij .g. Inde in pfe eoad eq .j. q"r .v. b3. p? .j. b3 auen pcomp. In .j. q"r?. ferr9 equos .d. clauos/ ij.g. vij.d. In .xij. li. candei/ emp? Glouc/ xvij.d. In exp ferratoa expedien? qdam Glouc/ ij.d. ||Sm"/ xxxiij. §/ xj.d. ofe. ||Die M9cur9 seq ibidem, pan . ceruis pco. Km .cc. allec .iiij. Feb. l. hak'. pco. In feno de man io ad xxviij. eq. In pfe eofcd eq/ ij. q"r auen9 pco. In ferur" eq .j.d. l|Sm"/ j.d. ||Die Jovis in festo Purificacois be Mar9 ibidem. In pan9 furn9 Feb. 2. .j. q"r t di fri emp? p .v.g. K .iij. sex? is di vin . ceruis pco. It di. karc bou sals/ j. baco .ix. gatt. pco. In .j. karc bou sal?/ iiij.g. In di karc bou rec/ iij.g. In .j. porco/ ij.g. ij.d. In j. vitui/ xx.d. In .xxj. gatt/ ij.g. ij.d. q". It .iiij. gatt exh .xij. [pdr9c] de pq'sito. Ex hiis r9 .j. q"r bou .iiij. gatt. Km .j. ceru/ j. cauda .j. hanch Auen', Illbidem. Illbidem. furn'. * Retromorantium. The bishop had left two of the boys that attended upon the huntsman in charge of the hounds at Prestbury, while he went up to London. He set out from the above place on December 28, and returned to it on January 24 ; and this is the cost of keeping them during the interval. b xij.d. ob. interlined. c Gall' dashed through, and perdrices inserted. CAMD. SOC H 50 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINF1ELD. [1289. ven'. dami pigued. In ou/ xviij.d. In pan9/ v.d. In sagie .xj.d. ofe. In. sal/ vj.d. In feno de man9io ad xxv. eq/ t xxviij. obli? nocte pceden?/a ij.g. ij.d. ofe. In pfe eopd/ ista nocte .j. q"r .vj. b3 au pco. || Sm"/ xxiij. g. vij.d. q". Illbidem. ||Die Vener9 seq ibid, pan9 .j. sex? vini ceruis1 pco. Km .ccc. Feb. 3. [attb] iiij. hak'/ pco. In pisce aq dulc/ iij.s. iiij.d. In ang'tt/ vj.g. In .xxiiij. stocfis/ ij.g. x.d. Ex hiis rem/ viiij. ang'll/ xiiij. stocfis. In mostard/ vj.d. In expn coci ad fo^/ ix.d. In/ j. eq° loca?/c iiij.d. In portag1 apd Glouc1/ j.d. ofe. In feno de man9io ad/ xxviij. eq/ xiiij. d. In pfe eo^d eq/ ij. q"r au pco. ||Sm"/ xv.g. ofe. Illbidem furn'. ||Die Saba? seq ibidem. In pan9 furn9/ ij. q"r i di fri de man9io Feb. 4. allec' empt'. emp? p .vij. solid/ vj.d. It/ ij. sex? is di vin9. cerui<_ pco .xl. ailed j. saliS .xiij. stocfis .viiij. ang'tt pco. In .ij. mitt, allec emp?/ p/ xv.g. In .xiiij. congr9/ x.g. In/ iiij. Aberden/d xvj.d. Ex hiis in coq"/e cc. allec. ce?a rem. In ou/ ix.d. In feno de man9 ad xxiij. eq/ xj.d. ofe. In pfe. eo^d j. q"r. di. di b3. au pcomputa?. || Sm"/ xxxv.g. vj.d. ofe. ||Sm"/ septimane/ viij.li. iij.g. iij.d. Illbidem ||Die D°nica seq ibidem, pan9/ ij. sex? vini. ceruis pco. In Feb. 5. * xxviij. {equos) oblitos nocte prcecedente. The accountant had not noticed on the preceding night, as he ought to have done, the quantity of hay consumed. This par ticular designation, if any proof were wanting, would shew the time when the list of articles was statedly taken down. b AW inserted. c In .j. equo locate A horse had been hired to bring home a considerable quantity of fish bought by the cook in the Gloucester market. This purchase appears in the reckoning of the next day. d Aberden. Salt cod, dried and cured at Aberdeen in Scotland. Archseologia, xv. p. 353. These must have been of a large size. See Feb. ]5, note. e In coquina. An expression often used, but not clearly definitive, inasmuch as it may be applied either to what was put by or what was consumed. This passage, how ever, and others, e, g. Feb. 17, 20, 27, seem to establish the latter sense, viz. that in this instance two hundred of the two thousand herrings were consumed in the kitchen alone, and that all the rest were reserved, cetera remanent. Then if in coquina be admitted as generally applied to consumption in the kitchen, it gives us to understand that it was the place where the inferior members of the household took their meals. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 51 Illbidem furn' gestia/ j.d. ofe. p. vie. Km .j. q"r bou sal's1 .j. bac .iiij. gatt pco. pV deman'io. In .j. q"r bou rec/ xviij. d. In .j. porco de maner / iij.g. vj.d. In vitui/ vj.d. In .xxxij. gatt/ iij.g. iiij.d. Ex hiis r9 .j. q"r pci/ xij. gatt. In ou/ ix.d. In feno de man9io ad xxv. eq/ xij.d. ofe. In pfe eosd/ j. q"r .v. b3 t di. auene pco. K .j. q"r furfur9 r9 de pist'no/ is life eq's. II Sm"/ x.g. ix.d. ||Die Lune seq ibidem. In pane furn9 .j. q"r is di ffi de maner9/ Feb. 6. emp? p .v.g. j. sex? i di vini. In .xiij. sex? .iiij. galon ceruis emp? p/ vj.g. viij.d. I? .j. q"r porci .xij. gatt. pco. In .j. karc. is di bou sals/ vij.g. In .vij. karc multon9 sals/a iiij.g. viij.d. In .vj. gatt/ vij.d. ofe. Ex hiis r9 .j. karc t di bou sals/ iiij. karc. multon. In .iiij. porcett/ xij.d. In j. edb .viij.d. is n1 r9. In ou/ xviij. d. In feno de maner9 ad/ xxij. eq/ xj.d. In pfe eoad eq .j. q"r is di auen9 pco. || Sm"/ xxviij. g. ofe. ||Die Mar? seq ibidem, pan9/ .j. sex? vini. ceruis pco. Itm. di Feb. 7. karc bou sals/ ij. karc multon pco. In .j. porco/ ij.g. vj.d. In .j. vitulo/ xiiij. d. In .xij. gatt/ xv.d. Ex hiis remant di porcus. In feno de maner9 ad/ xviij. eq .ix.d. In .xij. q"r auene de man9io emp? p .xviij. g. In pbend eoade/ j. q"r .iij. b3 (sic.) ||Sm" .xxiij.g. viij.d. ||Die Mercur9 seqnti ibid. In pan9 furn9/ j. q"~r is di ffi de Feb. 8. Illbidem Auena. Illbidem furn', .xiiij. q'r usq3 hue. maner emp? p .v.g. j. sex? vini. ceruis pco. In butir .j.d. p ppm. Itm .ccc. allec/ v. congr9/ pco. In .dc. lampruc/ iiij.g. In .j. lampreda/ vj.s. vj.d. In pisce aq dulc/ ij.g. v.d. t n1 rem. In ou/ xxij.d. ofe. In att i sep/ ij.d. ofe. In exp coci ad foz/ viij.d. In feno de maner9 ad/ xxvj/ eq .xiij.d. In prefe eojpd/ j. q"r .vij. b3. ltd i auen 3CO. |Sm"/ xxj.g. x.d. ¦ Multonis salsi. Sheep salted whole in the carcase, and sold at Hd. a piece. b In .j. edo {hosdo). Kids are coming into season, and are for sale here in Glouces tershire (Feb. 9, 12). Rarely, however, at present. They are much more frequent during April and May in Salop, and on the wilder borders of Wales ; and they con tinue to be brought to table in June. The names of places bear testimony to the former frequency of goats in Herefordshire. 52 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. Illbidem ||Die Jouis seq ibid, pan9 .j. sex? vini. ceruis pco. Km .iij. q"r Feb. 9. bou .ij. multon/ di pore pco. In .iij. ed/ ix.d. In .xij. gallin .xv.d. Km/ x. perdr9 de pq'si? is n1 rein/ In ouis/ xvij.d. In sale/ vj.d. In .j. b3 pi?/ v.d. q". In pan9/ ij.d. In feno de man9io ad/ xx. eq/ x.d. In pfe eo^de/ j. q"r .iij. b3 auen9 pcomp. || Sm"/ v.g. iiij.d. q". Illbidem |]Die Ven9is seq ibidem, pan9 .j. sex? vin9. cerui? pcomp. Km Feb. 10. .cc. t di allec .ij. congr / ij. moj. pco. In menus/ xij.d. In .v. lageh ostr9/ iij.g. ix.d. In ptag1/ ofe. In feno de maner9 ad/ xxv. eq .xij.d. ofe. In pfe eofcd j. q"r .v. b3. ? di auen9 pco. In maj. ofe. HSm"/ v.g. x.d. ofe. Illbidem fum' ||Die Safei seqnti ibidem. In pan9 furn9/ j. q"r is di ffi de Feb. 11. maner9/ v.g. j. sex? vini. In .vj. sex? .x. lag ceruis emp? in vitt .iij.g. v.d. In butir9 ofe/ p. ppm. Km .c. % di allec .ij. moj/ iij. congr9/ pco. In/ menus/ x.d. is exp. In ou/ xxij.d. ofe. In feno de man9io ad/ xxvj. eq/ xiij.d. In prefe eojpd/ j. q"r .vj. b3 t di. auene pcomputa?. ||Sm"/ xij.g. iij.d. ||Sm" septiman9/ v.li. vij.g. ix.d. q". Illbidem ||Die D°nica px" an festum Sci Valentini ibidem, pan. In vj. Feb. 12. sex?/ iij. lag vin emp? p .vij.g. x.d. ofe. ceruis pco. In expii Pincnea Glouc cu ferur"/ viij.d. ofe. Itm .j. q"r. bod .j. baco. pco. In .j. karc .j. q"r bou/ vj.s. ix.d. In .ij. pore/ iij.g. In .iij. vitui i di .iiij.g. ix.d. In .vj. ed/ iij.g. In vj. porcett/ xxij.d. In .xx. gatt/ ij.g. j.d. Ex hiis r9 .iij. q"r bou .j. pc .ij. vitui .iij. ed. In pane/ ij.d. In feno de maner9 ad xxvij. eq/ xiij.d. ofe. In pfe eo^d/ j. q"r .vij. b3. au pcomputa?. II Sm"/ xxxj.g. iij.d. ofe. Illbidem furn'. ||Die Lune seq ibidem. In pane furn9/ ij. q"~r is di ffi de Feb. 13. man9io/ viij.g. iiij.d. vin9. cerui? pco. Km .iij. q"r bou. di pore a Pincernos. This person is Robilard de Buteleria, one of the valleti de ministerio. (Dors. || 43 k, 63 h.) As tbe cook was the chief purveyor of eatables, the purchase of wine in small quantities might belong, as in this case, to the department of the butler. But the laying in of the larger stock we have seen intrusted to others (Dec. 3). The wine ran so short at Prestbury that they had none on the preceding day. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 53 .ij. vitui/ iij. ed. pco. In j. bacon/ ij.g. In .v. porcett/ xv.d. In .xij. gatt/ x.d. ofe. is .r9. di bac. In .dc. ouofc/ xxij.d. ofe. In pan9/ ij.d. ofe. q". In exp coci ad fofc/ iiij.d. ofe. In feno de maner ad xxvj. eq/ xiij.d. In pfe eoxd j. q"r .vij. b3 t di. auen9 pcopu?. ||Sm"/ xvj.s. q". Illbidem ||Die M"r? seq ibidem, pan9 vin9 ceruis pcomp. Pre?ea in xj. Feb. 14. sex?/ vj. lag ceruis emp? .v.g. ix.d. Km di bac pcomp. In .iij. pern / iiij.g. iij.d. In pc/ xx.d. In .iij. vitut/ iij.g. ix.d. In xxiiij. gatt .ij.g. ix.d. In .vj. pultin/ iiij.d. ofe. In .j. madlard .ij.d. is n1. r . In ouis .xiij.d. ofe. In att is sep/ viij.d. In ptag .j.d. In Auena feno de man io ad xxiiij. eq/ xij.d. In/ xij. q"r auene de maner emp?/ p . xviij. g. Inde in pfe eo^d .j. q"r .v. b3. is di. pc .j. b3 auene pcompu?. ||Sm"/ xxxix. g. vij.d. Illbidem ||I_>ie M cur in festo Cin uma ibidem, pan . In vj. sex? .j. lag Feb. 15. t di vini .vij.g. v.d. ceruis pco. In pice ad baritt bu?b .j.d. In victualib3 qrend Glouc/ iiij.d. ofe. Itm .ccc. allec .iij. congr pco. In xij. stocfis/ xij.d. In .ij. s"mis ragan9 is haddok'/ xxiiij. 8. vj.d. In viij. lag ostr / v.g. vj.d. In menus .j.d. Et in .vj. ang'tt xij.d. Ex hiis r . magna ps ragan9. haddok' t ang'tt is ostr9. In kariag is ptag1 piscis/0 v.d. In .xxviij.li. amigdalas .iiij.s. vj.d. In ficub3- t racenri/ v.g. v.d. In. feno de maner ad/ xxviij. eq/ xiij.d. In pfe eoad j. q"r vij. b3. i di au pco. In xij. lag1 lac? de man9io obli?d ad coq"m/ vj.d. In cas de man io/ vij.d. ofe. Itm in cas p bal. obli? viij.d. ||Sm" .Iiij.g. ij.d. a In festo Cinerum. Ash Wednesday. Lent sets in, and with it, of course, a fish diet more or less abundant till Easter ; but the use of wine is continued throughout. b In pice ad barillum butiri. The butter-tub has an outer coating of pitch. It may be thought that this does not speak favourably for the delicacy of its contents. c Cariagio et portagio piscis. The difference »b etween these two modes of conveyance must of course be that the one is by cart or pannier, and the other by hand in loading or unloading. Two horse-loads constitute only a part ofthe fish bought in this day. d xij. lagenis lactis oblitis. Two omissions are here corrected, the former made probably by the cook, the latter by BasseviUe. An unusual quantity of milk, with cheese, almonds, figs, and raisins, and the absence of flesh, exhibit a change in their diet, and indicate the season upon which they were entering. Illbidem furn'. || Ibide Illbidem Salm' rec' et sals' 54 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. || Die Jou seq ibidem. In pane furn9 .iij. q"r. ffi de maner9 Feb. 16. ep?/ x.g. vin9 pco. In ceruis1/ ij.d. Itm .ccc. allec1. rag1, haddok'. ostr9 pco. In menus./ iij.d. In exp.a vni9 hois qren? pise Glouc cu .j. eq0/ iiij.d. In feno de maner9 ad/ xxix. eq/ xiij.d. ofe. In prefe eoad eq/ ij. q"r. auen9 pco. In di q"r furfur9/ v.d. || Sm"/ xij.g. iij.d. ofe. ||Die Veneris seq ibidem, pan9, vin9. pco. In .xvj. sex? .iiij. lag1 Feb. 17. ceruis/ ix.g. vj.d. Km .iiij.,xx- allec. hadok' rag .vj. ang'tt. pco. In/ dccc.xI. allec/b viij.g. iij.d. In pisce aq dulc/ viij.d. Ex hiis in coq"/ cc.xl. alleS. In di q"r sat .xx.d. In .j. b3 pis/ v.d. ofe. In feno de maner ad/ xxviij. eq/ xiij.d. In pfe eofcde .j. q"r .vij. b3 is di auen9 pco. In exp. Joh. carctar9° cii eq's apd Ledebur9 c'ca f"turam .j. caretilli/ v — .s. (sic) v.d. ofe. q". ||Sm"/ xxvij.g. j.d. q". 1 1 Die Safei seqnti ibidem, pan9, vin9. ceruis pcomp/ Km/ cc.iij. Feb. 18. q"r allec. ragan9. pcomp. In .iij. salmon rec/ xiij.g. viij.d. In .xiiij. salm salg/ xj.g. In xxvj. stocfis/ v.s. j.d. ofe. Ex hiis in coq"/ iij. q"r salm rec .viij. stocfis. In ptag .j.d. In feno de ¦ In exp'. Twice in the MS. b Dcccxl allec'. The number of herrings provided for this annual fast in families of consequence was often very considerable. 2,000 were bought in on the 4th instant. On Ash Wednesday 300, on this day 840, (of which 240 are cooked for the servants,) on Sunday 1260, by the great hundred, are enumerated; all these during a single week, and 1500 more on the Friday following. But such supplies sink into insignifi cance compared with royal purveyance at other times. In October 1225, 9 Hen. III. the king gave an order to the Sheriff of Northampton to send at once to Oxford ten thousand herrings and the same quantity of eels. Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, p. 65 b. This was a last : each last, according to the assize, contained 10,000, every 1000 containing 10 hundred by the great hundred (magna centena; see Feb. 19, 24, 27, March 7) of six score. The same reckoning was applied to dry salt cod ; but the smaller Aberdeen cod was' sold at nine score to the hundred. Assisa de Pond, et Mens. Stat, of the Realm, pp. 204, 205. c Johannis carectarii. John de Kingeswood, the senior carter on the household list is despatched with his horses to Ledbury to get a tilt {caretillus) made to the long cart or wagon. (Dors. ||27.) He is one of the valleti de ministerio, and his services are frequently recorded. (Dors. 117, 9, 23, 43, c. 46, a. f. 63, b.) There were two head or master carters, John and Robert. (Dors. ||46, d.) 18 Ed. I.J THE ROLL. 55 maner9 ad/ xxviij. eq/ xiij.d. In prebend, eo^de .j. q"r .vij. b3 <_ di. auene pco. ||Sm" .xxx.g. xj.d. ofe. ||Sm" septimane x.li. x.g. v.d. ||Sm" mensis/ xxxv.li. xj.g. ij.d. Illbidem ||Die D°nica seq ibidem pan9. In .vij. sex? .iij. lag .j. potett Feb. 19. vin9 emp?/ ix.g. ij.d. ceruis pco. In vino qrendo Glouc .v.d. ofe. Km .ccc. t di allec .iij. q"r. salin rec .ij. salm sals pcom. In .m1. cc.lx. att. p magn cent/ xij.g. ij.d. ofe. In .j. lampda/a iiij.s. ij.d. In .dccc. lampruc/ ij.g. xj.d. In ostr9/ iiij.g. Ex hiis in coq'na .iiij/^1 x. allec. de ce?is n1. r . In ptag1 .j.d. In feno de man io ad xxx. eq .xiiij. d. In pfe ij. q"r di b3 auene pcomp. ||Sm" .xxxiiij. g. ij.d.b Illbidem furn' ||Die Lune seq ibidem. In pane furn9/ ij. q"~r/ ffi de man9io/ Feb. 20. p .vj.g. viij.d. vin9 pco. In .v. sex? .ix. lag ceruig/ ij.g. x.d. ofe. In gestia/ j.d. Km/ cc. i di allec .viij. stocfis/ ij. salm sals .iij. q"r/ salin rec/ rag pco. In .vj. salm salg/ vj.g In .vj.-xx' stocfis .xij.g. In .xxvij. ang'll/ ix.g. viij.d. Ex hiis in coq"/ iij. ang'tt tm. In di .c. disc .ix.d. In alleis/ viij.d. In exp homih % eq/ ij.d. ofe. Aven" In feno de maner ad .xx. eq .ix.d. In .iiij. q"r is di auen de maner .vj.g. ix.d. Inde in pfe ad deos eq/ v. b3. p? v. b3. au pcompu?. In .ij. b3 furfur9/ ij.d. 6. In .xvj. ferr9 de ve?i ferr9c fabricand cu exp/ xj.d. ||Sm" . xlvij. s. vj.d. ofe. Illbidem ||Die M"r? seq aii festu Sci Pe? qd dr9 Cathedra, pan9. pre?ea Feb. 21. in pane/ iiij.d. vin9 pe. In .j. sex?, ceruig .vj.d. Itm/ ccc. allec .j. salm i di/ salg .iij. q"r. salm rec/ x. stocfis/ pco. In ostr .iiij.g. ij.d. In ace?/ iiij.d. In pan / iij.d. In feno de maner ad/ xxvj. equos .xij.d. In pfe eoisd/ j. q"r .vj. b3 t di au pco. In .vj. li candei de sep/ ix.d. ofe. ||Sm"/ vij.g. iiij.d. ofe. * Lampreda. The difference between the lamprey and the lampern is here strongly marked. See also Sept. 30. The single lamprey must have been of a great size to obtain so high a price ; and the quantity of lamperns is large. b End of the fifth Schedule of the Roll. c De veteri ferro. For the frequency of this practice noticed Sept. 30 ; see also June 2. 56 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. Illbidem ||Die M9cur9 in festo Sci Petr. pan9 vin9. cerui§ pco. Km .cc. is Feb. 22. di allec .ij. salm salg .viij. stocfis .xxiiij. ang'tt. ostr . pco. In plaie .ij.g. In ostr9 .iij.d. is n1 r9. In exp coci/ vj.d In mostard/ ij.d. In vas de coq" religand .iiij.d. In .vj. b3 ffi de man io p coq"/ ij.g. vj.d. In .ij. b3. sat p ppm/ viij.d. In ij. b3 gruett p eund .xij.d. In feno de man9io ad/ xxx. eq .xiiij. d. In pfe eosde ij. q"r .j. b3. au pco. In .j. b3 furfur9 .j.d. q". In .ij. q"r is di auen de man life ad can9/ iij.g. ix.d. In siccacoe ei9d auen9 p ppm .j.d. ofe. In busca cindenda/ expn a quoada de familia sr uenien?. coninger" [i pco faciendb] 1; ponte tornicio efhdand p pprrty iij.g. x.d. || Sm"/ xvij.g. ij.d. ofe. q". Ledebur' ||Die Jou seq apd Ledebur9. In pane furn9 .ij. q"r ffi de Feb. 23. maner9 emp? p .viij.g. Km .ij. sex? is di vin9 de Bosebyr'. de .j. tonett p inthani.0 In .xxiij. sex? .x. lag. ceruis .xj.g. xj.d. Itm .cc. 1 di allec/ xviij. stocfis .iiij. salm t di sals. pco. In .j. sm" plaie/ xiiij. g. In .j. sm" ragan9/ is .j. congr9 rec/ xv.g. Ex hiis .r9. magna ps plaie/ t raf . In .ij. b3 pi?/ xj.d. In pan9 ad coq"m/ ij.d. In sep .iiij.d. In kariag piscis de Glouc usq3 Ledebur9/ vj.d. fenu de man io ad/ xxxij. eq. In/ x. q""r. auen9 de man9io emp?/ xij.g. vj.d. Inde in pfe. eoad/ ij. q"r .ij. b3 au. In expn9 .j. carctar . is R. car°tar9 peun? cfi carctis suis de Prestebur9 usq Ledebur9/ xxij.d. In exp .j. venator9 cu canib3d eun? p GlouS 5/ a Expenses. At this winding-up of the Prestbury expenses sundry unusual but graphic items occur, such as the forming of a Conynger, or Coniger, — a rabbit-warren in the park, and the repair of a bridge that seems to have been constructed to turn upon a pivot over a ditch or moat. b Inserted. " Prius inthamiato. A small cask of wine that had been left on tap when the family were last here at Ledbury (Dec. 19). The same was the case with the wine at Prest bury (Dec. 22). Both these vessels came from the Bosbury cellar. d Venatoris cum canibus. The huntsman brings his pack from Prestbury, where they had remained during the bishop's absence, and takes them through Gloucester to Ledbury. In this there may be more than meets the eye. Certainly it was not the nearest road ; but under circumstances it would be the most convenient way. Had they passed directly over Malvern Hill, crossing the river at any intermediate point at Tewkesbury, Upton, or any ofthe fords, they would probably have had to traverse a part 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 57 Ledebur / xij.d. In exp pistoa is alios pceden? cu hemes is candet .xij.d. ofe. q". In potu p viam/ ofe. In eta/a iij.d. q". || Sm"/ lxvij.g. vj.d. ofe. Illbidem ||j)je Vener seq ibidem, pan9 .iij. sex? vini de Bosebyr9. ceruis Feb. 24. pco. Km c.xxx. allec .xij. stocfis/ plaie. rag .ij. salm sals pc. In allec' m^d. allec p rnagn. cent! .xj.g. x.d. In .xij. mo* .iij. congr rec .ix.g. In .v. salin/ xvij.g. vij.d. Ex hiis in coq" c.iiij.,xx" allec .j. salni .j. q"r. In ptag .j.d. In disc/ viij.d. fen de maner ad/ xxxj. eq. In pfe eo^d/ ij. q"r j. b3 is di au pco. In ferur" eq/ ij.d. ofe. In furfur9/ ij.d. ||Sm"/ xxxix.g/ vj.d. ofe. Illbidem. furn' ||Die Safei seq ibidem. In pan9 furn9/ ij. q"r. ffi de man9io Feb. 25. emp? .viij.g. iiij. sex? t di vin de Bosebur . In .vj. sex? .ij. lag ceruis/ iiij.g. j.d. Km/ ccc. allec .vij. moa .iij. salin sals .iiij. congr . plaie. ragan pco. In j. luc .j. brem"/ iij.g. viij.d. 1 n1 reman3. fen de man9io ad/ xxxj. eq. In pfe eofcde .ij. q"r .j. b3 1 di. au pco. In .ij. D3. furfur9 emp?/ ij.d. In di .c. ferr b eq ,d. clauoa .v.g. vj.d. ||Sm"/ xxj.g. v.d. || Sm" septimane/ xj .li/ xiiij .g. ix.d. ofe. q"~. pbidem ||_Die (sic) IWdem [|Die D°nica px"" post fm Sci Matbie Apli ibidem/ pan9 .iiij. sex? Feb. 26. ? di. vini. ceruis pco. In .j. culteft ad panet'am .ij.d. Itm Itm (sic) .d. allec .ij. salm .j. q"r salni rec .iij. saliii sals .v. moj .xvj. stocfis/ pco. In .xvij. mos .vij.g. Ex hiis i coq'na .vj. moa. K .vj. pykerett .ix. tench de instauro.c In pan / iij.d. In menus/ of the Earl of Gloucester's preserves on the eastern side of the mountain. And as they had of late been idle, and were apt to be mischievous, see Dec. 16, it might have been attended with the risk of giving offence to the irritable Earl. a In eleemosina. Almsgiving on the road is, as usual, indicatory of the bishop having performed his journey from Prestbury to Ledbury on this day. See Oct. 9, note e. He seems himself to have taken the more direct road across the country. b Ferrorum. Preparations, repeated Mar. 3, for shoeing the horses against the journey that was about to be taken through deep and difficult roads, and would try their farriery. c De inslauro. A stew at Ledbury containing small pike and tench. Feb. 28. — CAMD. SOC. I Illbidem. furn' Sugwas salm' Auena | Ibid' Jllbidem furn' plaie'. rag1 congr* ang'll. 58 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. j.d. ofe. fenu de man9io ad/ xxxiiij. eq. In pfe eo^d .ij. q"r .iij. b3. au pco. ||Sm"/ vij.s. vj.d. ofe. ||Die Lune seqnti ibidem. In pan9 furn9/ iij. q"r ffi de man9io/ Feb. 27. emp?/ p .xij.g. Km/ ij. sex? t di vin9 de Bosebui9. In .vj. sex? iiij. lag. ceruis. emp?/ iij.g. ij.d. Km .cc. allec .viij. stocfis .vj. mo£ .j. salm % di. pco. In .ij. m1. allec p magn centn / xx.g. In •ij. angrou de Sugwas/a xij.d. Ex hiis i coq"/ c. allec .ij. angr . fen9 de maner9 ad/ xxxj. eq. In .ix. q"r auen9 de man9io/ xij.g. Ind in pfe eo^d .j. q"r .i. b3. pre? .j. q"r di b3 au pc. Itm .j. q"r ei9dem auene lib ad pastu can9. In furfur9/ ij.d. HSm"/ xlviij.g. iiij.d. ||Die Mar? seq ibide. pan9 .j. sex? ¦» di vin9 Bosebyr9. ceruis. Feb. 28. pco. Km .ccc. allec .xij. stocfis .iij. moa. pco. Km .vj. tench de instaur . In .iij. salin. rec/ x.g. vij.d. In .xviij. moz/ vij.s. In coq'n" .j. salm rec. In mostard .iiij.d. In pane/ ij.d. fen de maner9 ad/ xxvj. eq. In pfe eozd/ j. q"r .vj. b3. t di auen9 pco. || Sm"/ xviij .g. j.d. ||Die M cur seq in festo Sci Dauid ibidem. In pan furn9/ iij. Mar. 1. q"r. ffi de man9io/ emp? pro/ xij.g. Itm/ ij. sex? vin9. In .v. sex? .x. lagen9 [cerui^0] .ij.g. xj.d. I? .ccc. t di allec .j. sali2 1 di rec •xiiij. stocfis/ vj. mos. pco. In .j. sm" plaie is rag/ xij.g. In .xiij. congr rec/ xxj.g. In .iiij. estik' grogg ang'tt/ ix. estik' ang'tt minoa .viij.g. vj.d. Ex hiis in coq"/ qdam ps plaie. In .j. D3 There was one of a larger size at Ross, vivarium magnum, stocked with pike and bream. March 17, 27. — Fishpools were valuable appendages to manor-houses and religious establishments. ¦ Angrou de Sugwas. Though this word, which occurs several times, appears to bear a termination that does not accord with media, val Latinity, there can be little doubt that its true origin and signification is to be sought in angaria. See Du Cange in voce. They were salmon, as in the margin, supplied by the customary tenants or renters of the fishery or weir at Sugwas, (Oct. 22, note *,) who were bound to furnish a certain number of them annually at a given rate. In this way they are only charged at what seems to be a nominal price of sixpence each. See more of this Mar. 9, 12, 29. b Cervisios inserted. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 59 gruett/ ix.d. In portag1 t ferur" .ij.d. fen9 de maner ad/ xxxiij. eq. In prefe .ij. q"r .ij. b3 is di auene pco. Km .j. q"r. furfur rec de pist'no i life eq's. ||Sm"/ lvij.g. iiij.d. pbidem ||Die Jou seq ibidem, pan9 .iij. sex? i di vin9 de Bosebur9. In Mar. 2. .ij. sex? t di cerui? emp?/ ij.g. vj.d. Km .ccc. is di allec/ vij. congr' sals'. mop. plaie ragan .ij. congr rec pco. In .xxxiij. congr salg/ xiiij .g. vj.d. t rein. In .ij b3 pis .x.d. In portag .j.d. In mos- tard/ iiij.d. In .j. b3 ffi de man io ad coq"m/ vj.d. In feno de man io p istam moram/ ix.g. In pfe ad xxxviij. eq/ ij. q"r. is di .j. b3. au pco. In furfur9 ad eq/ ij.d. In .iij. s"mis carbon9/ xv.d. p ppm. In psepib3. formtis eindand/ busca coUignda/ xij.d. p ppm. In expn9 Wtti Petr9a de coq" infirma? ret0/ du dns iret vins albu empt' Lond is reuteref/ ij.g. vj.d. In septem doleis vin9 albi de Ledebur9 i fere octauo de virid succ de vinea de Ledebyr b de tempe vinde- miaz px° p?itas/ viij. li. In .j. b3 au emp? ad eq pceden? .ij.d. || Sm"/ ix.li. xij.g. x.d. ||Markeleye ||Die Ven is seq apd Markeleye." pan .iiij. sex? t di vin de Mar. 3. Bosebyr9/ In .ix. sex? t di ceruS emp?d Ledebur / v.g. Km/ cccc. allec .vj. congr rec/ vij. congr sals .xiiij. stocfis. ragan .vj. estik' ang'tt pco. fen9 f auen" de dono diii pcurator9 de Lyrae ad ¦ Willielmi Petri de coquina. William Peters, the senior cook, and one of the garciones (Dors. ||44, e. 64, e ), fell sick at Ledbury, and was left behind till the return of the family from London. A physician was called in on this very day. (Dors. ||33.) b Vined de Ledebur'. A vineyard at Ledbury, the vintage of which during the pre ceding autumn had yielded seven casks of white wine, and nearly one of verjuice. Of how much land that consisted which produced this quantity we have no means of ascer taining ; but an estate in the parish of Ledbury, on the road leading towards Glouces ter, still retains the name. The wine was purchased, as appears by a marginal note, and allowed to the bailiff in his account. c Markeleye. Much or Great Marcle, a parish in co. Hereford 5 miles S.W. by W. from Ledbury ; at that time seated amidst most impracticable roads. d Cervisies emptas. It may be seen that most of the beer consumed by them at home or abroad was bought. They carried both wine and beer with them when they set out, perhaps anticipating difficulty of procuring either of these at the first stage. ' Domini procuratoris de Lyra. It were useless in the absence of direct information to speculate upon the quality of this nameless proctor, or proxy, who supplied the ||ferr' eq'. || Neuwent' || Ibidem || Chirch- omrne. 60 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. xxxiiij. eq. In. di .c. [clauo£ eqa] ferr9. eq. cu dcc clauoj?/ v.g/ xj.d. ||Sm"/ x.g. xj.d. ||Die Safei seqnti apd Neuwent.b In pane/ xix.d. iiij. sex? i di Mar. 4. vini de Bosebur9. In ceruis] .ij.g. Itm/ ccc. is di allec/ v. congr rec .vj. congr9 sal?, di saliS .xij. stocfis/ iiij. mor9/ v. estik' ang'tt pco. Km .j. saliS .j. lampd/ de exhenn9/ t expn9. In pan / ij.d. fen9, liter" busca de dono prior9 loci/ auen" ad .xl. eq/ de dono vicar9 loci/ In. cep ad mortarioi/c v.d. In furfur t ptag/ ij.d. In eta/ iij.d. q". " ||Sm"/ iiij.s. vij.d. q". ||Sm" septimane/ xvj.li/ xix.g/ vij.d. ofe. q". ||Die D°nica seqnti visitavit3 dtis Eccam de Neuwent % fuit ibid Mar. 5. i victualib3 pcurat9e p p'ore/ l|Sm" nichil. ||Die Lun9 seqnti apd Chirchomm/f In pan / xviij.d. In .viij. Mar. 6. sex? vin9 .j. lagen9/ viij.g. iij.d. In/ ceruis emp?/ iij.g. viij.d. In .j. duodeii chipoa is di/ xv.d. In emendacone ma3er dni/ x.d. K/ cc, allec/ viij. congr9. sals pco. In/ xvj. mo£/ viij.g. In/ xviij. congr salg/ viij.g. vj.d. In/ xxx vij. ang'tt/ viij.g. In pisce aq dulc/ bishop's horses with hay and provender. As to his title of dominus, the expression is applied to so many conditions of men that nothing precise can be deduced from it. He represented the prior of Lyra, in Normandy, and, as the bishop did not visit this church, his providing for the stable de dono was a mere act of courtesy, which frequently occurs. See Dec. 21, March 6, 8, et alibi. a Clavorum eq' dashed through. b Neuwent. See Dec. 19. The vicar contributed his share towards the entertain ment of the stud on this second visit. " Mortariola, or os. Tallow for mortars or night-lights; one is mentioned Jan. 10. They were commonly used in the chambers of invalids or aged persons. * Visitavit. Here is the earliest intimation of the business on which the bishop was going, a visitation to the south-eastern part of his diocese. " Procuralus. This, too, is the first regular procuration that appears. The prelate and his entire suite, man and horse, were entertained by the prior, as holding the great tithes of the church under the Abbey of Cormeilles, to which this house was a cell. — Atkyns, Tanner. ' Chirchomme. Churcham; a parish chiefly in the hundred of Westbury and co. Gloucester, 4J miles W. by N. from that city. It had belonged to the Abbey of Glou cester from before the Conquest. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 61 ij.g/ vj.d. In elfar9/8 xij.d. In coq'na/ ex hiis .iij. mo£/ viij. ang'tt/ pise aq dulc t elfar9 oio. In mostard/ xij.d. In exp coci ad fo^/ vij.d. In kariag1 piscis de Glou2/ ij.d. busca t liter" de dono Afefeis.b In fen9 ad/ xxxiij. eq/ ij.g. j.d. K auen" ad eosd eq/ iij. q"r/ de dono prior9 Glouc/ In eta/ iij.d. q". ||Sm"/xlvij.g. vij.d. q". Illbidem ||Die Mar? seqnti apd ChurcbomiS/ In pane emp?/ iiij.g. vj.d. Mar. 7. In .j. sex? vin9/ xij.d. In ceruis/ iij.g. Itm/ vij. congr/ iiij. mofc/ allec viij. ang'll/ pco. In .dccc.xI. allec p magn9 cent .vij.g. vj.d. In viij. salm .xij.g. vj.d. In menus/ xv.d. In elfar9/ xij.d. K/ vj. lamprd .j. salm. exhenn9/ is rem os1 salmon9/ iij. lampred/ In ostr .ij.d. ofe. In alleis/ vj.d. In colorib3 .j.d. ofe. In nuctt.3/ iiij.d. In ficub3 % racein / iij.g/ ix.d. fen ad/ xxxv. eq/ pco/ In pfe eo£d/ ij. q"r .ij. b3. [auen c] iij.g. vj.d. ofe. In .ij. b3 furfur / ij.d. ofe. || Sm"/ xxxix.g/ v.d. NFlaxleye || Die Mercur9 seqnti apd Flaxleyea. In pane/ iiij.g. iiij.d. In Mar. 8. vino xv.d. In ceruis/ iij.g. vj.d. In diusis ptag/ j.d. ofe. Km/ ccxl. allec/ ij. salin sals .j. salm rec/ vij. congr / vj. mor / ij. lam pred pco. K .j. lampd .j. salm exh t. r9. In ostr/ vij.g. t r / qued ps ostr9. fen9 is auen9 de dono dni Afefeis loci/e ad. xxxvj. eq. Il^c) In furfur9/ iij.d. ofe. In eta p duob3 dieb3/ iiij.d. ||Sm"/ xvj.g. x.d. H.Aure. ||Die Jou seq apd Aur9.f In pane/ vj.g. x.d. In vino/ xviij.d. Mar. 9. " Elfar'. Elvers or small eels, as diminutive as the white-bait of the Thames, caught in the spring by hand-nets along the edge of the banks in the Severn. b Abbatis. — Prioris. Only the abbat made a gift of hay and corn at Highnam on a former occasion, Dec. 21. The prior now joins him in finding the corn this evening. Still, however, as at Newent and elsewhere, it is in this case a mere act of voluntary hospitality : de dono. c Avenos inserted. » d Flaxleye. Flaxley. A parish in the hundred of St. Briavel's, co. Gloucester. Here was an abbey of Cistercians, 11 miles S.W. from Gloucester. " Abbatis loci. Abbat Nicholas, who had been admitted to that office in August 1288. Reg. Swinf. f. Iiij. b. ' Aure. Awre, a parish in the hundred of Blidesloe, co. Gloucester, 2\ miles from Blakeney, forming a promontory of the Severn. 62 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. In cerais1 .ij.g. ij.d. Km/ ccc. allec./ iiij. salm .j. lampd .iij. mo^. ostr9 pco. In .xvj. mor9/ vj.g. viij.d. In .j. saliS p Ba?/ ij.g. In Salm' de Sug X- angrow de Sugwas/a v.g. Ex hiis in coq"/ iij. mor9. In sep/ ij.d. In portag1/ j.d. fen9 ij ij. q"r .vj. b3 auen9 de dono rector9 loci ad xxxvj/ equos. In feno ad eq apd Newenh"m/b du dns pdicaret/ j.d. || Sm"/ xxxiiij .g. vj .d. ||Wolaston' ||Die Ven9is seq apd Wolaston/0 In pan9/ iiij.s. In .iij. sex? Mar. 10. vin9/ iij.g. In cerais1/ ij.g. K .vj. mor9 .vj. congr9/ iiij. salm/ xxij. ang'tt/ j. lampd pco. In .dcccxI. allec./ vj.g. vj.d. In .iij. hadok'/ xij.d. 1 in coq"/ c. t di allec1/ In ptag1/ ob. fen t auen9 ad/ xxxvj. eq/ de dono diii Afefeis Tyntarn9 .d ||Sm" .xvj.g. vj.d. ofe. ||Tyntarn'.e ||Die Safei visitau* diis Eccam de Wolaston/ is pcurat9 fuit/ p Mar. 11. dnm Afefeem/ ||Sm"/ n1. ||Sm" septiman9/ vij .11/ iiij.g. x.d. ofe. q". ||Wolaston' ||£)ie D°nica seq in festo Sci Gregor9 ibid/ In pane/ iij.g/ vj.d. Mar. 12. In .j. sex? vin9/ xij.d. In ceruis1/ iij.g/ ix.d. K/ cccc. allec/ iiij. salin/ v. mor . pco. K .j. salm exft. t exp. In .iij. salm/ vj.g. .iiij.d. Salm' de Sug- jn pisce aq dulc/ iij.d. In elfar .v.d. In .v. salm. 1 .j. angr de Sugwas/ xiij.g. iiij.d. 1 rem/ os isti is salm emp? p Baseuit. fen9 t auen9 ad xxxvj. eq. de dono Afefeis de Tyntarn9/ In eta p .ij. dieb3 vj.d. l|Sm"/ xxix.s. j.d. * Angrow de Sugwas. See Feb. 27. b Newenham. Newnham, in the hundred of Westbury. This parish is adjoining to Awre on the N. As the bishop rode from Flaxley, he took the church of Newnham on his way, and preached there. This was a part of the office of episcopal visitation. In the mean time the horses were baited at the cost of one penny. c Wolaston. Wollastone, a parish in the same hundred and county, 5£ miles from Chepstow, bounded on the north by the Severn. d Abbatis Tyntarn'. The church of Wollastone belonged to that abbey, and they held the rectorial tithes. e Tyntarn'. Tintern, a Cistercian abbey in the parish of that name, in co. Mon mouth, 4} miles from Chepstow. The Bishop had crossed the Wye, and spent the Saturday, aud apparently the Sunday, at the abbey, the latter day at his own charges, probably furnishing a repast to his hosts in return for their hospitality. He then re- crossed to the left bank of the river. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 63 ||Neulond' || Die Lune seq apd Neulond.a In pane emp?/ ij.g. iij.d. In/ Mar. 13. iiij. sex? vin9/ iiij.g. In cerui?/ xxiij. d. Km .cc. t di att i xl. iiij. mo^/ iij. congi9 .v. salin pco. In .dcccxI. alleS .vj.g. j.d. Ex hiis in coq"/ xl. allec. Km/ iiij. lampred/ exh t rein/ iij. lampd. In portag is pane/ ij.d. fen t .ij. q"r i di au ad/ xxxv. eq/ de dono Radi/ Hathewy/b firmar9 loci. In exp peun?° % mudac domox/ vj.d. q". In furfur9/ ij.d. * ||Sm"/ xv.g/ j.d. q". II Ros, ||Die M"r? seqnti apd Ros/d In pan9/ iij.g/ iiij.d. In .iij. sex? Mar. 14. vini/ iij.g. In .x. sex? ix. lag ceruis/ v.g. iiij.d. ofe. [In/ ij. s.e] Km ccc. i di allec .j. mor / vij. congr / iiij. salm pco/ In .ij. salin. p' ppm' salm'. p ppr2/ vij.g. vj.d. q". Km/ v. salni exh/ j inde in coq"/ j. saliS ? *"e?."l)e di. fen9 de man9io ad xxxiiij. eq/ In .vj. q"r/ auen9 de maner / ix.g. Ind in pfe eoide .ij. q"r .vj. b3. In exp carctar9 pceden?/ ij.d. ofe. In/ exp is potu p via/ ij.d. In exp Folio?/ ij.d. In eta/ iij.d. ofe. ||Sm" .xxix.g. ofe. q". h aw'e rd;'X' ' "Die M9cur9 seqnti apd Ros. In pan9 furn9/ iiij. q"r ffi de Mar. 15. 9.' man9io. p xvj.g. In .xiij. sex? vin9 emp?/ xv.g. ij.d. In .x. sex? iiij. lag. ceruis/ v.g. ij.d. In emend vas de bu?/ ij.d. I? .cccc. t " Neulond. Newland, a parish in the hundred of St. Briavel's, in co. Gloucester, 4 miles E.S.E. from Monmouth. b Radulphide Hathewy. The Hathewys or Hathways were a family of consequence in the forest of Dean. William Hathewy was the king's keeper in the forest, and bailiff of St. Briavel's. Rot. Claus. in anno. Rymer, 1, pt. ii. p. 676. Ed. I. had granted the great tithes of Newland to the bishop of Llandaff, for the augmentation of his income, in May 1285. Reg. Swinf. f. 24, a. Hathewy was the farmer of them. c In expensis proseuntium, &c. and again in the next day's statement Carectariorum proscedentium. The harbingers and carters going on and anticipating the bishop's arrival, together with Foliot, the messenger employed perhaps in delivering summonses and citations, indicate unusual bustle and preparation. d Ros. Ross, a market town of the second class in the county of Hereford, on the left bank ofthe Wye, 14 miles S.S.E. from Hereford, an episcopal manor, the third upon the list in value. e In, ij.s. dashed through with the pen. 1 p' 9. Post compotum. Nine salmon remained ; an entry after taking the evening's account. A mark in the margin shews that hac die refers to the Tuesday, furn 64 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. di. alle2/ v. salm/ iij. lampred/ pco. In/ dcccxI. alleS/ vj.g. vj.d. In .xxiiij. plaiS/ iiij.g. In xv. congr9/ vj.g. In .lxij. mor9/ xxj.g. vj.d. In/ j. lamped/ xix.d. In pisce rec xxij.d/ ofe. In Auen" Illbidem furn' ||Ibidem elfar9/ In 9/ xij.d. Ex hiis in coq"/ os1 plaiS/ x. congr9 .xij. moi9/ i lampd. .j. li scucrYsic; /a viij.d. In ficub3 t racein9/ xj.d. ofe. In .ij. lagenv/ olei ad coq"m/b ij.g. In att/ t sep/ vij.d. ofe. In .j. b3. sat/ v.d. In pan9/ iij.d. fen9 de man9io ad Ixx. eq.c In/ vij. q"r auen9 de man9io emp?/ x.g. vj.d. Ind in pfe ad eosd/ j. q"r .iij. D3/ pre? .iij. q"r .ij. bj. au pco. ||Sm"/ iiij.li/ xiiij.B. iiij.d. ofe.d ||Die Jou seqnti ibid. In pane furn9/ j. q"r is di fri _[man9ii e] Mar. 16. d? p/ vj.g. In .iij. sex? j. lag vin / iij.g. ix.d. ofe. empt p/ vj.s. in .nj. sext j. lag vm / iij.s. ix.a. od. ceruig pco. In exp pistor9 pceden?/ vj.d. In gestia/ j.d. Km/ ccc allec * di .viij. mo?/ iij. congr9/ ij. salin t di pco. In elfar .x. d. In menus/ iij.d. jn'r1. In pi's1 .iij.d. ofe. fen9 de maner9 ad/ xiv. eq. In pfe eo^d .iij. q"r .j. b3 auen9 pco/ In mof * exp car°tar9/ ij.d. In eta/ iij.d. q . Die Ven9is. pan9/ In .ij di allec/ iij. salni .xij. mor . pco. In ||Sm"/ xij.g. ij.d. q". sex? i di vin9/ ij.g. xj.d. In cuis Mar. 17. menus .xiij.d. Km/ ccc. is < .vj.d. t exp. In mostard 1 virid salg/f x.d. In aq" kariand/s v.d. 11 Succri. Sugar was much in use. The winter stock bought in by Thomas de la Dane at London amounted in quantity to upwards of 100 pounds. The price of that procured at Ross compared with it was high. (Dors. ||5, 6, a. b.) b Olei ad coquinam. Oil for dressing the fish. c Ad Ixx. equos. Seventy horses are an unusual number. The bishop came into Ross with 35, and quitted the place with 36. Compare Mar. 13 and 18. Here therefore is a great accession of guests at this liberal entertainment, in which every dish consisted of fish, salt or fresh. d End of the sixth schedule of the Roll. c Manerii inserted. ' Viridibus salsis. Notices like these, in the estimation of many, may be thought to argue a state of society inferior in resources, coarse in taste, and imperfectly versed in those arts of life by which fresh articles of consumption are supplied. Though horti culture was on the advance (Archse olog. Journal, v. p. 295 , et seq.), there was but a scanty assortment of vegetables in general ; and we see that salt was lavishly employed for curing meat as well as fish. The produce of the chase and the farm, deer, beeves, and sheep, in large proportion, are consigned to the vat ; and here the very greens of the garden are pickled in salt. e Aqua carianda. The upper part of the town of Ross is seated upon a rock, and 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 65 In stipend piscatoaa i viuar9 magn9/b viij.d. In feno de man io p istam moram/ v.g. In pfe/ ad xxxvj. eq/ ij. q"r. % di au pco. In max/ ofe. In emendac psepiu in stabui/ v.d. In domib3 mun- dand cont" aduen? diii/ j.d. In li?a ptand .iij.d. In eta da? .iij.d. q". ||Sm"/ xij.g. v.d. ofe. q". ||Monemuth' ||Die Safei seqnti apd Monemuth/0 In pan9 .ij.g. j.d. ofe. In .ij. Mar. 18. sex? .ij. lagen9 vin / ij.g. xj.d. In .xj. sex? ceruis emp?/ vj.g. vij.d. Km .v.,xx" allec/ xj. mor9/ iij. salin. pco. In .dcccxI. allec/ vj.g. vj.d. In j. salni rec/ iij.g. x.d. In j. sm" congr9 rec/ xviij. g. vj.d. Ex hiis in coq" .ccc. allec .j. salm. rec. qdam ps congr9. In busca is carfe/ x.d. In pisce aq dulc/ vij.d. In feno ad xxxvj. eq/ emp? p/ iij.g. ij.d. In/ iij. q"r au emp? t life ad eosde eq/ p?/ iij. b3/ iiij.g. x.d. ||Sm"/ xlix.s. x.d. ofe. || Sm" septimane/ xij.1T/ ij.g. ij.d. ||Sm" meng/ xlviij.li. xviij.d. q". yibidem []I>ie D°nica in festo Sci Cuthfeti ibid. In pan / iiij.g. In .iiij. Mar. 19. sex? vin / iiij.g. viij.d. ceruis pco. K .c.xl. allec .xij. moi .iiij. salm. congr . pco. In pisce aq dulc/ x.d. is expn / In busca is carfe/ vj.d. In potag .j.d. In fen ad xxxvj. eq/ xvij.d. ofe. In pfe eo^d .ij/ q"r .ij. b3. [auen9 d] emp?. p .iij.g. vj.d. ofe. q"/ p?/ ij. b3 au pco. In mat/ ij.d. In eta/ iij.d. q". ||Sm"/ xv.g. vj.d. ofe. few, if any, of the wells there have good water. The bishop's residence was near the highest part on the N.W. ofthe churchyard, towards the edge of the rock above the river s and it is believed the premises contained no well at all, many ineffectual attempts having been made to sink shafts in that quarter. This carriage of water was from the Wye below. a Piscatorum. John de Longeford and his helpers were the fishermen of the great pool. See Mar. 27. Wye fishermen have dwelt in and about the town from time immemorial. „ b Vivario magno. No traces of this large stew or pool at present exist to the Editor's knowledge. It contained pike and bream. " Monemuth, Monmouth. The capital of the county of that name, near the con fluence of the rivers Monnow and Wye, 10 miles S.W. from Ross. This town was then, and till of late, in the diocese of Hereford. d Avenos, omitted. CAMD. SOC. K 66 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINF1ELD. [1289. || Moneke- ||Die Lune fuit diis in mensa sumptib3 dni Prioris Lonton9 (sic) Mar. 20. ton a pme/ ad rogatu lic3 diis ipa die visitauit eccam b de Lanwaran/ c ||Sm". n1. ||Garewy ||Die M"r? seqnti visitau* dhs eccam de Garewy4 is fuit ibid pcur9 Mar. 21. i victualib3. ||Sm". n1. ||Kilpek" ||Die M9cur9 seq apd Kilpek'/e pan9. In .iiij. sex? .j. lag1 .j. Mar. 22. q"r?/ [vin9f] v.g. ix.d. In cerais1 emp?/ ij.g. x.d. ofe. K/ vij. mor .j. salm di/g j. q"r/ congr9. pco. In .dccc.xI. allec/ vj.g. vj.d. In/ ij. salm rec/ viij.g/ xj.d. Ex hiis in coq" .ccc. is di allec/ j. salm. donoeRob'i 6 fen? 7 * mj- s""mis bra^ auen9 eiS>d lo^ emP? p ix.g. In eod bra's1 siccand p ppm1 de Sugwas/ iij.d. In stipend braceator9 cu juuaminib3/ cacafe loca?/ % candel/ p ppm de Bosebur9 .xvj.d. demp?/ sex den9 p d"ch. Km/ vj. mor9 .j. saliS Auen« pco. fen9 de maner9 ad/ xiij. eq. In .vj. q"r auen9 emp? de maner9 de Colewett emp? p .vij.g. vj.d. Inde in pfe eo^d .iij. q"r .j. b3 au. In messag1 diusis/ ij.d. In eta p .ij. dieb3/ xij.d. da? Hef is p vias. ||Sm"/ xxx.g. iij.d. Illbidem furn'. ||Die Safei in vigit Pasch ibid. In pan9 furn9/ vj. q"r ffi de Apr. l. Bosebur9/ emp? p .xxij.g. x sex? vin9 de instaur de Bosebur . cerui§ pco. In/ iij. duoden9 chiphofe ad bu?/ ij.g. In exp pisto^ is coc peun?/ xiij.d. It/ viij. mo^/ v. salm/ iiij. luc .j. brem/ iij. lampred pc. In .j. cost plaie./ vj.g. vj.d. In .xxiij. mo^/ xiiij.g. In alo?/ xx.d. Ex hiis r9/ x. mo^/ ?m. In mostard/ xij.d. In att i sep/ ix.d. In pan9/ vj.d. In pi? .vj.d. . In .c. disc, di .c. platett/ ij.g. j.d. In exp [cocib] Wigorn /° vj.d. In ptag1 luciok de He- Auen" de Bose- ford/ viij.d. fen9 de maner9 ad Ixx. eq. In/ x. q"r. auen de Bosebur9/ xij.g. vj.d. Inde in pfe .j. q"r .v. b3/ pter/ ij. q"r/ vij. b3 au pro. In mas .ij.d. ||Sm" .lxv.g. xj.d. ||Sm" septimane/ xiiij.li. xviij. §. x.d. q". to procuration from the rector had been canvassed, but was left unsettled. See a similar case, April 25. a Eleemosyna pro duobus diebus pro Herefordia. The bishop was twice at Here ford, on Palm Sunday and the Thursday following, when he passed through the city from Sugwas to Lugwardine. On both these days he gave alms to the poor, which were omitted in the proper places, and are here put down in a marginal note. This is, how ever, more formally introduced at the close of this day's account. b Coci, inserted. c Wigornios. The cook has been at Worcester making purchases, and a large supply of ware in cups, plates, and dishes is laid in against the approaching Paschal entertain ment. Seventy horses, on this and the following night, are a sufficient proof of the hospitality of the season. This is the only way in which an estimate can be made of the numbers of guests, since there is no allusion to them throughout j though this is occa sionally found in tbe margins of some Household rolls, as in Manners and Household Expenses, and the Rotulus Familise, 18 Edw. I., in Archseologia, vol. xv. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 71 Illbidem ||Die Pasche ibidem, pan9 .xj. sex? vin9 de Bosebur . ceruis pco. Apr. 2. It .ij. karc t di bou sals lardar9 de Bosebur9 .j. bac de eod .j. aper bou' de Lede- de instaur9 hospic qu"mu n sans a pco. In .j. bou de Ledebur9 viuo/ xvj.g. In .j. karc bou p Ba? recnte/ x.g. x.d. In .iij. pore/ ed' de Estenor' v.g. iij.d. In/ vj. vitui/ ix.s. ij.d. In/ ix. ed p Bas/ iij.g. ij.d. ofe. asem ^ jn x-^ g^ ^ ^^ ^ Estenor9/ v.g. In .vj. cap/ xij.d. In Colubell' Bos', .iiij.-xx- colubett p Ba?/ xix.d. In .lxviij. colubett de man9io Bose bur9/1' xvij.d. K .ij. pore .j. ap .vj. cap .vj. ed. exh. Ex hiis r .j. karc .j. q"r. bou rec .iij. pore .j. vitui 1 di .v. ed .lx. colubett. It ven'- .iij. dam pingu de instauro. In m1. cccc. ouoa/ iij.g. viij.d. In lacte p Ba?/ iij.d. In ca?/ xij.d. ofe. In pan .vj.d. In sagie/ ij.g. vj.d. In .iij. b3. sat/ xvj.d. fen9 de man9io ad/ Ixx. eq. In pfe/ iiij. q"r .vij. b3 auene pco. ||Sm" lxij.s. ix.d. Illbidem ||Die Lun9 seq ibidem/ pan9 .iiij. sex? vin9 Bosebur9. ceruis pco. Apr. 3. It .j. karc bou sals de instaur9 lardar9 .iij. q"r bou rec/ v. ed .j. pc .j. vitut is di .lx. colubett/ pco. In ppacone exituuc bou recn? is ad eosd mactand/ iiij.d. In .1. colubett/ xij.d. 6. In oil .xv.d. In pan9/ ij.d. fen9 de man9io ad/ xlvj. eq. In pfe eosd/ iij. q"r .j. b3 au Pco. ||Sm"/ ij.g. ix.d. ofe. Illbidem furn'. ||Die M"r? seq ibid. In pan9 furn9/ ij. q"r ffi de Bosebyr9/ Apr. 4. emp?/ p/ vij.g. iiij.d. iiij. sex? vin9 de Bosebur9. In .xvj. sex?/ iiij. lag1, ceruis1 emp? p/ viij.g. ij.d. j. q"r bou sals .j. q"~r boil rec .j. pore. pco. In .ij. ed/ ix.d. It .xij. cap exh is rein/ xj. capon9. It .ij. besH mace de chac exp. fen9 de maner9 ad xij. eq. In/ xij. q""r. Auen'deBose auen9 de Bosebur9 emp?/ xv.g. Ind in pfe .ij. q"r .vj. b3. pre?/ ' "" iij. b3 au pco. K .j. q"r furfur de pist'n9 is life eq. ||Sm"/ xxxj.g. iij.d. Hlbid'. ||Die M9cur9 seqnti ibid, pan9 .iij. sex? vini. ceruis1. pco. Km/ Apr. 5. * Non sanus. This is probably the boar alluded to on April 9, that disappointed their expectations. b Columbellis de manerio de Bosebur'. A large stock of pigeons was kept up at Bosbury. The curious dove-cote resembling that at Garway is still in existence. See Archseologia, vol. xxxi. c Exituum. Washing and preparing the tripes j Dec. 1, July 9. 72 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. Salm' de Sug- viij. mo&. pco. In .v. salin de Sugwas emp? p .viij.g. In elfar / was' vj.d. t reiS/ ij. salm. In. ou/ ij.g. vj.d. In pii./ iiij.d. 6. In ca?/ x.d. In butir9 .j.d. feii de maner9 ad/ xxxviij. eq. In pfe .ij. q"r .v. b3 au pco. In expn9 venato^ in chac/a iij.d. ofe. ||Sm"/ xij.g. vij.d. Illbidem fum' ||Die Jou seq ibidem/ In pane furn9/ ij. q"r ffi de Bosebur Apr. emp? .vij.g. iiij.d. iij. sex? vin9 de Bosebyr9. ceruis pco. In doliis is baritt religand apd Bosebur9 p qued de Colewett opante" ibid, p dece dies/ xx.d. K di karc bou sal? .j. q"r bou rec .xj. capon/ pco. In .j. vitui/ ij.g. In .iiij. porcett/ xvj.d. In .xij. gatt/ xiiij.d. Colubell' In/ xij. colubett de Bosebyr .iij.d. Ex hiis. r9 .xij. gatt. In pan9/ Bosebur'. ^ d jn sai p Ba?/ xj.d. fen9 de maner9 ad/ xxxviij. eq. In prefe eofi .ij. q"r .v. b3. au/ pco. l|Sm"/ xv.g. Illbidem sex? i di vin ||Die Vener seq ibidem, pan .iij viij. lag/ [cerui?c] vij.g. x.d. In ges? .j .xij. stocfis/ ij.g. vj.d. In .iij. salm .vj.g. pisce aq dulc/ iij.g. viij.d. In .j. congr salrr_. In exp ad (of .iiij.d. fen9 de maner eoad/ iij. q"r. k di. au pco. In max/ ij.d. ofe. In .xv. sex?/ Apr. 7. t. It .ij. salm. pco. In In .iiij, lamped/ vj.g. In sal?/ v.d. Ex hiis 19 .j. ad .Iij. eq. In prefe pco. in max/ lj.a. CD. ||Sm"/ xxvij.g. ofe. Illbidem furn' ||Die Safei seq ibid. In pane furn9/ ij. q"r 1 di ffi de Bosebur9/ Apr. 8. ix.g. ij.d. Ii .iij. sex? 1 di vin9. cerui? pco. In butir9 .j.d. It .j. salrn pc. In .xviij. stocfis/ v.g. In .iij. lampred/ iiij.g. vj.d. In salm' de Sug- pisce aq dulc/ x.d. In ang'tt .xiiij.d. In .ij. pu salin de Sugwas/ iij.g. Ex h r9 .j. salm. tin. In ou/ iij.g. iiij.d. In ca?/ xij.d. In lacte/ ij.d. ofe. In gruett/ vj.d. In pari/ iiij.d. In exp coci ad a Venalorum in chacia. The neighbourhood of the chase tempts them to bring in a little fresh venison, though it is not altogether in season. Two bestias macros are regis tered on the preceding day. The season of the hind or doe was over at Candlemas ; and that of the hart or buck did not begin till Midsummer. Manwood, Forest Laws, 8°. Lond. 1717, pp. 180, 181. This was therefore what is styled in some of the re cords, Mortua saisona ; e. g. Lib. Hosp. in Turr. Lond. 18 Ed. I. Martius. b Operantem. The wages of a cooper sent for from Colwall to Bosbury were two pence per day. c Cervisios, inserted. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 73 fox/ v.d. In portag1/ j.d. fen9 de maner9 ad xiij. eq. In/ v. q"r Auen" auene de Bosebur9 emp?/ vij.g. j.d. Inde in pfe eoxd eq/ ij. q"r .ij. b3 1 di/ p? di q"r. di b3. au pco. In max .j.d. ||Sm"/ xxxvj.g. ix.d. ofe. ||Sm" septimane/ ix.li. viij.g. ij.d. ofe. ||Ibidem ||Die D°nica q" cantatr Quasi mod geni? ibidem, pan .iiij. sex? Apr. 9. vin Bosebur9. In .viij. sex?/ viij. lag cerui? emp?/ iij.g. viij.d. I! .iij. q"r boil sals, di bacon, di pore rec .xij. gatt/ pco. In .j. karc bou rec/ x.g. iiij.d. In .j. karc multon /a xx.d. In .j. pore/ ij.g. ix.d. In .iij. vitui .iiij.g. iij.d. In .vij. ed .iij.g. v.d. ofe. In .iiij. pceft/ xvj.d. Ex hiis in coq". di karc bouis/ di pore .j. vitui is di. o? porcett. If .viij. capon9/ iiij. ed exh/ 1 rein/ vj. capon9 .vij. ed i vniu so. In ou/ xij.d. In sagie/ xxij.d. In/ xxxviij. colubett/ ix.d. 6. In alleis/ iiij.d. ofe. In ptag. ofe. In feno de maner p istam moram .xij.g. In pfe ad xxxiiij. eq .ij. q"r .iij. b3. au pco. In .ij. q""r au de man io ad can / ij.s. vj.d. In tolneto brasb nc brae apd Bosebyr9 aq'eta? p loci ppm. It in/ ij. s"mis 1 di pi? p pastu .j. ap' exhc a festo omiu scox usq ad pascfe/ iij.g. ix.d. In bra? qrendo de Sugwas usq Bosebur p ppm loci/ ij.d. In .iiij. " Multonis. No mutton occurs since Feb. 9, Lent having intervened. The absence of lamb throughout is remarkable ; yet small pigs and calves were brought to table. Lamb was probably classed under mutton. b In tolneto brasii. The bailiff of Sugwas having made the malt in question , it was de livered by him into the hands of the bailiff of Bosbury, who was sent for it, and had it ground, and paid the toll of it at the latter place ; where the bishop does not appear to have had a mill. This is accordingly a mere statement of the fact, that the tallies of the two bailiffs might agree, and the deficiency after the toll was deducted might be sufficiently ac counted for. Theykept tallies against each other. Fleta, lib. ii. c. 83, pp. 171, 172. The gross quantity and cost of the grain is shewn at Mar. 31, and is not repeated here. Neither is the toll specified : if not discharged in money, it was taken at the mill, as it now is, by the miller's toll-dish. This was a large brewing : coolers or casks (cacabi) were hired, candles bought for the night- work, helpers procured, and a cooper was brought from Colwall to repair the vessels, which could not be few, since he was employed ten days upon them. See Apr. 6. 0 Apri exhenniati. This was the unfortunate boar killed against the Easter banquet, that had been put up to feed from All Saints' day, Nov. 1, till this time. It ate two seams and a half of pease, and turned out unsound after all — non sanus, and yet it comes into the account. See April 2. CAMD. SOC. L 74 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1290. || Credeleye || Brom3erd' ||Temede- burya || Boreford || Lindrugg' s"mis carbon9 p ppiS de Colewett/ xiiij.d. In manguer9 eq emdandis p eunde/ iij.d. In auen" ad can9 siccand i bras de Sugwas qrendo/ ij.d. In .j. astr9 t stann9 i coq" faciend/ vj.d. p ppi2 de Colewett. ||Sm"/ Iij.g. ||Die Lune seqnti apd Credet.a In pan9 emp?/ iij.S. iij. sex? t Apr. 10. di vini de Bosebur\ In cerui?/ iij.g. vj.d. K. di karc bou sal? di karc bou rec. di pore rec/ vij. ed .xiij. capon pco. In putt/ iij.d. fenu t auen" ad xxxv. eq/ de dono rector9 loci. ||Sm" •vj.g. ix.d. || Die M"r? seq fuit diis apd Brom3erdb t visitau eccam loci/ tn Apr. 11. fuit in victual^ pcurat9 ad rogar. p Magrm Rogm de Seuenak'.0 ||Sm"ni. 1 1 Die M9cur9 visitau dns eccam de Temedebur9d rone cui9 vis9/ Apr. 12. fuit dn? pcurat9 [in victualib3e] ibid p pcurator1/ ||Sm" nichil. ||Die Jou vi? diis eccam de Borefordf tri fuit i victual^ cu Dno Apr. 13. Wtto de Mortuomar9s illo die (sic) ||||Sm" nichil. 1 1 Die Vener seq vi? dns eccam de Lindrugg111 is fuit fone cui9 i Apr. 14. victualib3 pcur p rectore loci.1 ||Sm" nichil. * Credeleye. Cradley, a parish in co. Hereford, 7 miles N.E. from Ledbury. This was also one of the episcopal manors. b Bromyerd'. Oct. 9- Note b. c Magistrum Rogerum de Sevenak'. One of the three portionists there. He was collated to a prebend in the church of Bromyard, 7 kai. Feb. (Jan. 26) 1287. Reg. Swinf. f. 47, a. d Temedeburya. Tenbury, a market town in co. Worcester upon the river Teme, 21 miles N.W. by W. from Worcester. The church belonged to the abbey of Lyra, in Normandy, and at this place, as at Marcle, they had a proctor (March 3); but he is not here, as there, called dominus procurator. This was the assistant proctor. ' In victualibus, interlined. ' Boreford'. Burford, a parish in co. Salop, IJ mile W. by S. from Tenbury. Burford is a rural deanery. e Cum domino Willielmo de Mortuomar'. Sir William de Mortimer, one of the great family of the Mortimers, whose head was at Wigmore. In the church of Lind- ridge were three portionists, as at Bromyard. William de Mortimer was one of them. He was precentor, and held successively several prebends in the church of Hereford. b Lindrugg'. Lindridge, a parish in co. Worcester, 5£ miles E. from Tenbury. 1 Reclorem. John de Buterlee. The church of Lindridge, like that of Ross, had both a rector and a vicar. The last vicar, Walter de Kemeseye, had been instituted by Bishop Cantilupe in 1277 ; and, upon his decease in 1288, both rectory and vicarage were united in favour of Buterlee, then resident there. Reg. Cant. f. 36, b. Swinf. f. 48, b. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 75 |Ake ||Die Safei seq. vi? diis eccam de Ak'.a is fuit rone illius i victua- Apr. 15. Iib3 pcur9 p rectore loci. II Sm" nichil. ||Sm" septimane/ Iviij.g. ix.d. ||Sm" meng/ xxxiij.li. viij.g. j.d. ofe.b ||Kynlet. ||Die D°nica px"" post festum Scox Tybur? is Vallerian9/ apd Apr. 16. Kynlet.c In pane furnv/ iij. q"r ffi de dono diii Afefeis Wygemox rector9 ei9d loci. In .iij. sex? .j. lag. vin9 emp?/ iiij.g. iiij.d. In ceruis/ ij.g. In exp pistor9 peun?/ p tes dies/ vij.d. ofe. In .j. karc .iij. q"r. bou/ x.g. ij.d. In .ij. pore 1 di/ v.g. In .iiij. bacon / vj.g. vj.d. In/ ij. vitut/ ij.g. viij.d. In/ ij. ed/ vj.d. K .xxxij. capon .viij. ed. ven / exhenn . Ex hiis rerri/ j. karc .j. q"r bou .ij. bac .j. vitui .j. pore9 .vj. ed/ xxiij. capon . In ou/ xviij.d. In pan / iij.d. In passag ver? Kydermeinstr9a ad victuat qrend/e iiij/d. fen9 auen" 1 busc" 1 liter" de dono Afefeis ad xxxvj. eq. In .j. q"r ferr eq. is .m1. clavox ad eadem/ iiij.g. iij.d. In exp qren? ead Hereford/ iiij.d. In guyd p .R. carctar9f .j.d. In eta p vias/ xij.d. || Sm"/ xxxix.g. vj.d. ofe. Illbidem ||Die Lune seq ibid. pan9. In .iij. sex?/ ij. lag vin9 emp?/ iiij.g. Apr. 17. viij.d. In ceruis/ xxiij. d. It .j. q^r bouis/ ij. bac .j. pore .j. vitut/ vj. ed .xv. cap pco. In caseo ad coq""m/ xx.d. fen9 .auen". busca 7 liter" ad xxxvj. eq/ de dono dni Afefeis Wigemox/ ||Sm"/ viij.g. iij.d. a Ak' . Aka, or Rock, a parish in the same county, 4$ miles S.W. by W. from Bewdley. b End of the seventh schedule ofthe roll. c Kynlet'. Kinlet, a parish in co. Salop, 5J miles N.E. by N. from Cleobury Mor timer. The abbat of Wigmore held the great tithes, and presented to the vicarage. He is therefore styled Rector in the MS. d Kydermeinstr' . Kidderminster, a market-town in co. Worcester, 14 miles N. from Worcester, on the river Stour. e Ad viclualia quosrenda. The poverty of Kinlet and the surrounding neighbourhood is strongly implied in the fact of victuals being sent for from Kidderminster. ' Guydagio pro Roberto carectario. Robert the carter in his expedition to Kid derminster had to traverse an intricate country, through which he needed a guide. He had to pass through the skirts of the forest of Wyre, and must cross the river Severn in passagio, by a ferry, before he could reach the town. ,6 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1290, In .iiij. Apr. 18. b HibidemDudel- ||Die M"r? seqnti apd DudelwikV In pan9/ xiij.d. wik' sex? vini/ v.g. iiij.d. In cerui?/ iij.g. j.d. K .j. karc bou. di pore .x. capon9/ pco. In .j. multon9/ xxijd. In .iij. ed xiiij 3. In di vitui/ vij.d. In viij. putt/ iiij.d. K .viij. cap/ exh/ i rem/ iiij. cap i vniuso. In ou/ ix.d. In pan9/ ij.d. In domib3 mdand p jani- tore peun? .ij.d. In sagie/ x.d. fen9 i auen" de don9 Afefeis Salop ad/ xij. eq. || Sm"/ xv.g. iiij.d. ||Die M9cur9 seqnti visitau diis eccam de Chetinton9ci fuit rone Apr. 19. visi?cos ei9d ibid in victualib3 pcurat9 p rectore d ei9d loci. ||Sm" nichil. ||Die Jou seq apd Moniefeud.e In pan9/ iiij.g. ij.d. In/ iiij. sex? Apr. 20. .ij. lag. vin .vj.g. In .viij. sex? ceruis/ iij.g. iiij.d. In kar is pt .ij.d. Km/ iiij. capon9, pco. In .j. karc is di bou/ vj.g. vj.d. In .ij. pern9/ ij.g. ij.d. In .j. porco/ xx.d. In ij. vitut/ ij.s. x.d. In .iij. porcett/ xij.d. In .ix. gatt/ xij.d. In .xlviij. putt .xxij.d. K .j. karc. bou .ij. pci/ exh. Ex hiis r9 .j. karc bou .ij. pore, di bac. In ou/ x.d. In pi?/ vj.d. In pan9/ ij.d. In ptag1 .j.d. fen9 ij ij. q"r .ij. b3 auen de dono prior locif ad/ xxxv. equos. I Chetintone || Momere- feld' ||Sm"/ xxxij.S. iij.d. !| Wenlok' ||Die Ven is vis dns eccam pochialem de Wenlok' g t fuit ibidem Apr. 21. in victualib3 pcur9 p p'ore locih rone visisitac (sic) ei9d. ||Sm" n1. * Dudelwik' . A township in Stottesden, the parish adjoining to Kinlet. One of the many manors of the Abbey of Salop. This was only a halting place for a night. h From the 16th instant to the 12th of May inclusive, the bishop is engaged in taking his course through various parishes, and visiting churches and religious houses iu the county of Salop. c Chetinton'. Chetton, a parish 3£ miles S.W. by W. from Bridgnorth. It is con tiguous to Morville. d Rectorem. Nicholas de Hereford, canon of the church of Hereford, was presented to the church of Chetton by Sir Hugh Burnel, and admitted in August, 1284. Reg. Swinf. f. 25, b. e Momerefcud' . Morville, a parish 3 miles W. by N. from Bridgnorth. ' Loci. A cell of Benedictine monks, subject to the Abbey of Shrewsbury. s Wenlok'. Wenlock, a market town 12 miles S.E. from Shrewsbury. It gives name to a rural deanery. h Priorem loci. This locus was a Cluniac priory. The person alluded to was John Tubbe : he was prior from 1277 to 1291. Willis. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 77 ||Oxebold' ||Die Safei seq fuit diis cii dno p'ore apd Oxeboldaad rogatu/ Apr. 22. HSm"^. ||Sm" septimane/ iiij.li. xv.g. iiij.d. ofe. ||Monselowe ||DieD°nica seq in festo Sci Georgii apd Monselowe.b In pan / Apr. 23. iiij.g. ij.d. In .ij. sex? vin9/ ij.s. viij.d. In ceruis/ ij.g. vj.d. Km .iij. q"r bou .j. pore .j. pern . pco. In .j. vitui/ xiij.d. In iij. ed. xiiij.d. In .xxiiij. putt/ xiij.d. K .ij. porci .ij. vitui. exh 1 rem .iij. pore i vniuso/ j. vitut .xix. putt. In ou/ xv.d. In feno emp?/ xiij.d. K .iij. q"r au de don rector9 de Longa Stanton9.0 In mafj j.d. ' || Sm"/ xv.g. j.d. ||Stantone || Die Lune seq apd Stanton9."3 In pan9/ iij.g. viij.d. In/ ij. sex? Apr. 24. vini/ ij.g. x.d. In meth/e x.d. ofe. In cerui?/ ij.g. If .j. q"r bou. di bacon .ij pci recntes .j. vitut .xix. putt, ven rec pco.f In .j. q"r bou/ iij.g. vj.d. In .j. vitui/ xij.d. In .vij. ed/ ij.g. j.d. In .j. gatt .j.d. ofe. f n1 rem. In ou .vj.d. In lac?/ iij.d. In .j. D3 pis/ vij.d. In sal/ v.d. In pan9/ ij.d. In canafe ad vas argn?/s ix.d. fen9 is liter" de dono prior9 Lonton9/h It .iiij. q"r auen9 ¦* Oxebold'. Oxenbold. The priory of Wenlock had a manor and manor-house at this place. It is in the parish of Stanton Long in Corve dale, b Monselowe. Munslow, a parish 4| miles N.N.E. from Ludlow. c Longa Stanton'. Stanton Long, a parish 13J miles N.N.E. from Ludlow. * Stanton'. Stanton Lacy, a parish 3 miles N.N.W. from Ludlow, on the Corve. ' Melh'. Metheglin or mead. More frequent mention might have been expected of this favourite liquor of the ancient inhabitants of the country. The omission of honey in the roll is remarkable ; and tends to shew that even at this time it had been to some extent superseded by the introduction of sugar, at least in families of such consequence as were able to afford it. But by the people in general the labours of the bee were turned to good account ; and honey must have been an article of considerable traffic in these parts, for in the list of tolls to be taken at Ludlow it is cited as sold by the cask, and the summa, or horse load. Rot. Pat. 18 Ed. I. f Ven' rec' p' co' . Venatio recens proscomputata ? But fresh venison is not previ ously alluded to within a reasonable time ; and this appears a slip of the pen. s Canabacio ad vasa argentea. Canvass for packing and securing the plate from injury. h Lonton' . Llanthonia Prima. The church of Stanton Lacy belonged to that priory. The prior at this time was either Walter the 14th on tbe list, 1285, or John de Chaundos, 1289'. Roberts's Account of Llanthony Priory, 8vo. London, 1847, pp. 28, 29. 78 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1290. | But'leye I Bromfeud | Stoke say. ||Wistan- stowe de dono Magri Rici de Heytone.8 In pan ad eq infirmos/ j.d. || Sm"/ x viij.g. x.d. ||Die M"r? seq in festo Sci M"rcii Ewangte visitau4 dns eccam Apr. 25. de Bu?leye/b i fuit ibid in victualn^ pcura? p rectore loci fn rector intellexit0 qd ad rogatu suu. ||Sm" n1. ||Die M9cur9 seq apd Bromfeld.a In pan9/ iij.g. ij.d. In .j. sex? Apr. 26. vin9/ xvj.d. In cerui?/ iij.g. viij.d. In .xxxij. mor / ix.g. In plaie/ iij.g. vj.d. In .viij. salin/ xiij.g. iiij.d. In .ij. lampd/ ij.g. It .iij. lampred/ ij. salin exhenn9. Ex hiis r9. xvij. mor9 .vj. salni. In ca?/ xv.d. In alleis .v.d. In ou/ xij.d. In ptag/ j.d. ofe. fen ij ij. q"r .v. b3 auen ad xxxv. eq. [de dono prioris locie]. In furfurv/ vj.d. l|Sm"/ xxxix.g. iij.d. ofe. ||Die Jou seq apd Stoke de say.f In pan / iij.g. ij.d. In .ij. Apr. 27. sex? vini/ ij.g. viij.d. In cerui?/ v.s. K .j. pore. pco. In carnib3 bou is pcin9/ xvj.d. In .ij. vitut .xxij.d. In .iij. ed/ x.d. If .ij. pore/ x. cap/ v. putt. exh. Et rem ex hiis/ j. pore. In pan / ij.d. fen de don9 Magri. R. de Heytoii. If .ij. q"r .v. b3 auen ad xxxv. eq de dono diii Afefeis de Haweman.g In eta p pluf dies/ xij.d. ||Die Ven is seq apd Wistanstowe.h In kariag feni/ ij.d. ||Sm"/xvj.g. ij.d. In pane/ iiij.g. x.d. In Apr. 28. * Ricardi de Heytone. We have no clue to the residence of this individual, who on two occasions shews his respect for the diocesan. See Apr. 27. He was, however, a beneficed man. Master Richard de Eyton was » portionist in the church of Bold in the deanery of Stottesden, and of Castle-Holgot in the deanery of Wenlock. Tax. Eccl. P. Nich. pp. 166, 167, b. The name of this family is still in existence. b Butterleye. Bitterley, a parish 4£ miles E.N.E. from Ludlow. c Intellexit. The rector of this place adhered to the opinion that he was not charge able with procuration, though he did not refuse it on this occasion. 11 Bromfeld' . Bromfield, a parish 3 miles N.W. by N. from Ludlow. e De dono prioris loci. Interlined. At this place was a Benedictine cell under the Abbey of Gloucester. Tanner. The church belonged to the prior. f Stoke de say. Stokesay, a parish 7 miles N.W. from Ludlow. s Abbatis de Haweman. Haghmon Abbey, i\ miles N.E. from Shrewsbury, a house of regular Canons of the order of St. Augustine. They were patrons of the vicarage of Stokesay. Reg. Swinf. f. 176, b. h Wistanstowe. Wistanstow, a parish 9f miles N.W. by N. from Ludlow. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 79 I Etone |Stettone || Pontesbyr' kariag/ ij.d. In .j. sex? is di vin9/ ij.g. In cerui?/ ij.g. vij.d. If .x. mox/ ij. salm/ pco. In plaie/ iiij.s. In menus/ ij.d. If .iiij. salm. exhenn9. Et rem/ ij. salm exh. p? reliq°s pemp?. i qdam ps plaie. In pan9/ ij.d. fen9 ij ij. q"r .vj. b3 auen9 ad xxxij. eq. de dono diii rector a loci. In pan ad eq infirmosb .j.d. ||Sm"/ xiiij. g. ||Die Safei seqnti apd Etone/0 In pane/ iiij.g. ij.d. In .iij. sex? Apr. 29. vin9/ iiij.g. In cerui?/ xxij.d. In butir9 .j.d. o. q". In victual^ qr9/ ij.d. Km .viij. mox. plaie pco. If .ij. salin exhenn / is exp. In ou/ xxij.d. In sal .j.d. fen9 i ij. q"r .vj. b; auen9 ad/ xxxvj. eq. de dono prioris de Wenlak'.11 In domib3 mdand/ j.d. || Sm"/ xij.g. iij.d. ofe. q". || Sm" septimane cxv.g/ viij.d. q". ||Die D°nica seqnti apd Stetone.° In pan9 emp?/ vj.g. v.d. ofe. Apr. 30. In .ij. sex?/ [vin9f] ij.g. viij.d. In ceruis/ iij.g. ij.d. If .j. pore pco. In .iij. q"r. bou/ vj.g. iiij.d. In .ij. vitut/ xj.d. In .j. ed/ iij.d. In/ xxiiij. putt/ xij.d. If .j. karc bou .j. pore .viij. ed exhenn9. Ex hiis rem .iij. q"r bou .j. pore .iij. ed. In ou/ ix.d. In lacte/ v.d. ofe. In sal/ vj.d. fenu9 i .ij. q"r ? di au ad xxxv. eq. de dono rectox loci. ||Sm"/ xxij.g. vj.d. ||Die Lune in festo Scox Philippi i Jacofe apd Pontesbur je In Mai. l. pane iiij.g. ij.d. In iiij. sex? vini/ iiij.g. In cerui?/ iij.g. vij.d. If * Domini rectoris. Roger Sprenghose was rector of Wistanstow in 1288. He had been one of those who opposed procuration, but was forced to submit. Reg. Swinf. f. 48, b. b Pane ad equos infirmos. The second instance in this month of having recourse to horse-bread. Some of the stud were probably faint during the spring season, and unequal to their work. c Etone. Eaton, a parish 4£ miles S.E. by E. from Church Stretton. d Prioris de Wenlak'. The prior and convent of Wenlock were patrons of the vicarage of Eton. Reg. Swinf. f. 179, «. e St'tone. Church Stretton, a market town 13 miles S. by W. from Shrewsbury. ' Vini, inserted. e Pontesbur'. Pontesbury, a parish 7f miles S.W. by W. from Shrewsbury. The rural deanery bears its name. The church had three portionists, called in the Taxation of Pope Nicholas, David, Nicholas, and Robert de Ratford. Tax. Eccl. P. Nich. p. 167. 80 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1290. .iij. q"r bou .j. pore9 .iij. ed pco. In .ix. aucis/ xxiij. d. In .j. vitui .viij.d. In .xxxix. putt/ xxj.d. Ex hiis rein/ xx. putt. In ou/ vj.d. ofe. In lacte/ v.d. In alleis i sep/ vij.d. In pane/ ij.d. In va? coq'ne emdand .j.d. ofe. fen9 is .ij. q"r i di auen9 ad xxxv. eq de dono rector9 loci.3 In elemosina p .iij. dies pceden?/ vj.d. In guydb p via/ j.d. ||Sm"/ xviij.g/ vj.d. ||Westbur' ||Die Martis seqnti apd Westbur9° iux" Caus. In pane/ v.g. v.d. Mai. 2. ofe. In .iij. sex? is di vini/ iiij.s. viij.d. In .xij. sex? .ij. lag1 cerui?/ vj.g. In kariag1 victualiu is exp piston pceden?/ ij.d. ofe. q". If/ xx. putt. pco. In .j. karc bou/ vij.g. ij.d. In .ij. karc multon9/ ij.g. vj.d. In .ij. vitui/ xiiij.d. In .ij. ed/ ix.d. In .viij. aud/ ij.s. vj.d. Km .x. ed .ij. cap'old .vj. capon9 exhenn9. Ex hiis rem di karc bou .x. ed .vj. cap .j. cap'oi. In ou/ xj.d. In carbon9/ iiij.d. In lacte .j.d. In ptag1. ofe. fen9. li?a .ij. q"r .v. b3 auen9 ad xxxv. eq de dono/ Johis de Luth"me porcionar loci. In mndacone domos/ iij.d. ofe. In exp car°tar p vias/ ij.d. In eta .iiij.d. HSm"/ xxxij.g. vij.d. q" Illbidem l|Die M cur in festo Inuencois See Crucis fuit diis in mensa cu Mai. 3. drio Witto/ de Hodenetf omib} sumptib3 ad rogatu ||Sm" nichil. a Rectoris loci. This was probably David, the senior of the three: portionists were styled rectors, and he might be resident. b Guydagio. It refers to the intricate country between Stretton and Pontesbury, which, it seems, could not be traversed without a guide. Such was the difficulty of communication between places not very remote. c Westbur'. Westbury, a parish 8J miles W. by S. from Shrewsbury. Here were two portionists. d x. edi. ij. capreoli. The frequency of the former in these border parts has already been noticed. (See Feb. 6, note b.) They were purchased on nine days during the month of April. The chevreuil, or roe, is equaUy characteristic of the style of country. e Johannis de Lutham. John de Ludham, priest, was instituted to a prebendal portion in the church of Westbury, sometime held by Sir Henry Corbett deceased, 8 kai. Maij, (April 24) 1288. Reg. Swinf. 48, a. ' In mensa cum domino Willielmo de Hodenet. Sir William de Hodeuet or Hodnet knt. was patron of the church of Westbury ; but neither he nor John de Ludham were bound to find procurations. The hay and corn of the portionist were a gift ; and as provisions were scarce, Sir William entertained the bishop and his retinue on the second day by invitation. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 81 ||[Ibidem»] ||Die Jou seqnti apd Albebur"b [vis0] dedicauit diis eccam Mai. 4. pochiale/ 1 fuit ibid i victual^ pcur9d p priorem.e ||Sm" nichil. Illbidem ||Die Vener9 seq ibidem. In pan9/ v.g. iiij.d. In .iiij. sex? Mai. 5. vin9/ v.g. iiij.d. In/ xiiij. sex?/ cerui?/ vj.g. In ciph .x.d. If .ij. salm pco. In .xxxvj. mos/ xxj.g. In .cc allec/ xx.d. In .vij. salm/ xj.g. vj.d. In pisce aq dulc/ iij.g. xj.d. Ex hiis in coq"/ viij. mor .cc allec .ij. salm. In mostard/ viij.d. In gingifeo emp? ad coq"m/ xxij.d. q". In disc i platett/ xxd. In ptag1/ j.d. fen i ij q"~r .vj. 1:>3 au de dono prior loci/ ad/ xxxvj. eq. In ma£ .j.d. ofe. || Sm" lix.g. xj.d. ofe. q". ||Chyrebur' ||Die Safei seqnti vi? f idem dns eccam pochialem de Chjrebur9g is Mai. 6. fuit ibide in victualib3 pcura?/ p p'orem loci.h II Sm" nichil. ||Sm" septimane/ vj .li . xiij.g. vij.d. q", ¦ Ibidem, struck out with » pen. It had not improbably been entered by antici pation on the evening before, after the hospitable reception they had experienced at the house ofthe patron, and in expectation of remaining another day. b Albebur'. Alberbury, a parish 8J miles W. from Shrewsbury. The great tithes belonged to the convent at Alberbury, and the living was in the gift of the prior. c Vis. The word visitavit was begun, but cancelled by the writer, and dedicavit was substituted. We have two dedications or re-consecrations of parish churches within four days. Great disputes had arisen respecting the property of these and some other churches, and the spiritual jurisdiction over a tract called Gordwr in this neigh bourhood, which the Bishop of St. Asaph had claimed as part of his diocese ; and the controversy, which had been of some standing, had been settled only a year ago. Reg. Swinf. ff. 57, et seq. The final adjustment of these matters might have been the cause of these dedications. d Procuratus. According to an agreement entered into a twelvemonth before, the expenses of visitation, with sundry other ecclesiastical charges, were to be borne con jointly between the convent and the vicar for the time being. Reg. Swinf. ff. 63, b. e Priorem. Peter de Corcellis, prior of the Convent of Friars Grandimontensians at Alberbury. ' Visitavit. It is worthy of observation that the Bishop visits this church of Chir- bury on the 6th of May, and dedicates it as a parochial church on the ensuing day. Conventual churches are mentioned at Alberbury and Chirbury. Were these distinct edifices ? Both of them were dedicated to St. Michael, a favourite patron with the Welsh and the borderers. Gregory de Clon, priest, was admitted to the vicarage of Alberbury so far back as 1284, and John was the present vicar of Chirbury. £ Chyrebur'. Chirbury, a parish 3£ miles E.N.E. from Montgomery. Here was a convent of Austin friars. b Priorem loci. The name of the present prior was Adam. CAMD. SOC. m 82 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. Illbidem ||Die D°nica in c"stino fei Joh an9 ptam latinam ibid/ dedicau* ide Mai. 7. diis eccam de Chyrebur9 i fuit ibid in victual pcura? p p'orem loci. ||Sm" nichil. HCastrfi Ep'i ||Die Lune seqnti apd Castm Epi.a In pan9 furn9/ iiij. q"r ffi p Mai. 8. ppm/ emp? p/ xiij.g. vij.d. p .j. q"r eo^d.b q"dragin?is tes. den9. In .iij. sex? vin9 emp?/ iiij.g. cerui? pco. In butir9/ iij.d. Km .x. mofc .iij. salni pco. Itm iiij. salni exhenn is rem. In feno emp?c 9" aduenf dni9/ v.s. In .x. q"r auen9 emp? de maner9/ xiij.g. iiij.d. Inde in pfe easd (sic) ad xxxviij. eq/ ij. q"r .vj. b3 auen9. In eta p vie/ vj.d. l|Sm"/ xxxvj. g. viij.d. Illbidem ||Die M"r? seqnti ibid. pan9. In .ij. sex? vini emp? p/ ij.g. Mai. 9. viij.d. In .iiij. sex? .x. lag1 ceruis/ iiij.g. x.d. Itm .ix. mo^ .ij. salm 1 di pco. In .j. sm" plaie/ vj.g. In menus/ ij.d. is rem medie? plaie. fen9 pco ad/ xxxix. eq. In pfe .ij. q"r .v. b3 1 di au pco. l|Sm"/ xiij.g. viij.d. Illbidem ||j)ie M9cur9 seqnti ibide. pan9, pco. In/ x. sex?/ vin9/ xiij.g. Mai. 10. iiij.d. In/ viij. sex? cerui? emp? is xxj. lag/ xij.g. x.d. ofe. In exp pistoa pceden? evi gestia 1 sal/d xiiij.d. ofe. In expn pincne ad foj/ vij.d. Km/ x. moa. plaie pco. In 011/ iiij.g. iij.d. In ca?/ ix.d. In lacte/ ix.d. In sal/ vj.d. In .j. b3 ffi ad coq"m/ vj.d. fen9 pco ad xxxiiij. eq. In pfe eosd/ ij. q"r .iij. b3 au pco. In eia/ vj.d. || Sm"/ xxxv.g. iij.d. a Cast" Ep'i. Bishop's-Castle, a market town 19 miles N.W. by N. from Ludlow. This was one of the manors appertaining to the see of Hereford, and the Bishop had a strong border castle for the protection of his estates, which had been frequently subject to inroad and depredation, more especially previous to the death of Llewellin the last prince of Wales. b .j. q"r eor'd'. A singular entry. Four quarters of wheat had cost 13*. Id. which would have been at the rate of 3s. 4f d. per quarter, had„"not one of them, for some reason that the accountant has not vouchsafed to explain, been bought in at 3s. Id. Accordingly the circumstance is set out in extenso, to avoid any mistake that might arise ; and of course it reduces the price of the other three to 3s. Ad. per quarter. c In feno empto. This was towards the end of the season for fodder, and there was no stock of hay or corn in hand at this remote place, as at other manors. d Gestia et sale. Yeast and salt had been sent over by the baker, that a supply of bread might be ensured, as well during their stay as for the feast of the morrow. THE ROLL. 83 18 Ed. I.] Illbidem. ||Die Jou in die Ascencois ibide. In pane furn9* .ij. q"r ffi de Mai. n. man9io emp? p .vj.g. viij.d. vin9. pco. In ceruis/ xvj.d. Km. di karc bou .j. cap'ot .xj. ed exh pco. In .j. karc bou/ vj.g. ofe. In .ij. bac [de man9iob] .iij.g. In .ij. vitut .xij.d. In .xix. auc/ iiij.g. In .xxviij. putt/ xij.d. If .xxviij cap/ xij. putt. exh. Ex hiis r .j. bac .iiij. capon9. If .j. lat9 .j. hanch .j. cauda ven de Bosebur . If .ij. latera .j. hanch cerui .j. lat9 dam .j. bes? rec .j. cap'ot exh 1 rem .j. lat9 cerui .j. lat9 dam .j. bes? mac" ven. In oil .x.d. [ofe°] In lacte/ iij.d. ofe. In pan / iij.d. In carfe p ppm/ iij.d. In kariag diusis de Lodelowe usq Castmd p ppm/ vij.d. In/ fro ad coq"m p ppm/ j.d. ofe. fen pco ad xxxiiij. eq. In pfe eosd/ ij. q"r .iij. b3 au pco. In .ij. b3 furfur9/ ij.d. In .j. suiSa ffi cariando de Lodelawe .iij.d. In ferr" is aliis .iij.d. ||Sm" xxvj.g. j.d. NClonbur' II Die Vener9 seqnti apd Clonbur9.e pan9, vin9. pco. In ceruis Mai. 12. .ij.g. ? .vj.d. In kariag victualiu/ iiij.d. Km .ij. mos .ij. salm is di pco. In .xij. mos/ vij.g. x.d. In menus is alio pisce/ ij.g. ij.d. In .j. salm emp?/ ij.g. Km/ ij. salin .ij. morpes (sic) exhenn . is rein os "¦ Furn'. A baking took place, to match the liberal supply of the day in flesh and fowl. But in a family of such a size it would be no economy that the bread should be eaten hot ; especially, as is probable, if there were guests in the company. We have no means, however, of discovering whether this was attended to. As to bread, they seem to have dealt with it, according to the colloquial expression, "from hand to mouth." On this occasion, as at Ross, an entertainment may have been given to tenants, or attend ants upon some court; or, if otherwise, at any rate this was a high festival. The three preceding days had been Rogation days. The present is distinguished by an ample pro vision. Beef, bacon, kid, and chevreuil ; poultry in abundance ; venison, fresh-killed as well as salted, the latter brought all the way from Bosbury, replenish the board. The prelate appears to have called his border friends around him before he set out on his return. b De manerio, interlined. c OS', -inserted. d Lodelowe usque Castrum, sc. Episcopi. Ludlow, 29^ miles S. by E. from Shrews bury. They had sent the bailiff to Ludlow, perhaps on the whole the nearest town in the then state and direction of the roads, to the Monday market (?) for a variety of articles not to be obtained at Bishop's Castle. The distance could not be less than six teen modern miles. e Clonbur'. Clunbury, a parish 6$ miles S.E. by S. from Bishop's Castle. 8-1 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. [[Wigemor'1 IllbidemU Ibidem Ibidem || Castru Ricard'. isti salm cu ptib3 aliis pemp? is exhenn9. fen9 i .ij. q"r .vj. b3 auen ad xxxiiij. eq de dono prior9 loci. In canafe ad saccos pfe/a vj.d. || Sm" xv.g. iiij.d. ||Die Safei seq vi? dns eccam de Leintwordyn/0 1 fuit in victual Mai. 13. pcur p afefeem loci d HSm" n1. || Sm" septimane .vj. li .vij.s. ||Sm" mensis/ xxiij.li. xj.g. viij.d. || Die D°nica px" seq vis dns eccam pochialem de Wigemor 1 Mai. 14. fuit i victual pcur9 p Afefeem/e ||Sm" n1. ||Die Lune seq vi? dn? canonic locif 1 fuit ibid i victual^ pcur Mai. 15. p Afebem/ || Sm" nl. ||Die Mar? seq ibid in pane/ iiij.g. iiij.d. In vin / xx.d. In Mai. 16. cerui?/ vj.g. vj.d. K/j.bac/j. besf veii [maceB] pco. In .j. karc bou/ vij.g. vj.d. In .j. mulf/ xij.d. In .j. bac/ xx.d. In .ij. vitui/ xix.d. In .x. ed/ iij.s. In .x. auc/ iij.g. iiij.d. In .xxvj. putt •xiij.d. Ex hiis n1 r . In gruett/ vij.d. In/ pane .j.d. fen 1 auen" de dono afefeis loci. In eta/ xij.d. l|Sm" xxxiij.g. iiij.d. ||Die M9cur9 seqnti apd Cast™ Ricard.h In pan9/ iiij.g. viij.d. Mai. 17. ' Ad saccos prebendos. The article called sack-cloth was not employed as yet for bags of horse-corn ; they were made, it may be observed, of canvass. b Wigemor'. Wigmore. He bas now passed the southern border of Salop and entered into Herefordshire. At Wigmore, 10 miles N.W. by N. from Leominster, was an abbey of Austin monks. c Leintwordyn. Leintwardine, a town 9 miles W. by S. from Ludlow. The mill of Leyntwardyn, and pannage for bogs there, are all the notices that occur in the Taxa tion of Pope Nicholas, p. 165, relating to this place, in connexion with the Abbat of Wigmore. 6 Abbatem loci. Adam, Abbat of Wigmore, who resigned in the summer of 1293, being at that time an aged and infirm man. His name occurs at a visitation of Leo minster Priory in April, 1283. Reg. Swinf. ff. 5, a. 84, b. By loci is meant Wigmore. e Procuratus per Abbatem. Because the church belonged to the Abbat. ' Canonicos loci. Wigmore Abbey was one of those religious houses that were subject to the Bishop's visitation, and the inmates gave him some trouble. t Macros, inserted. b Castm Ricard'. Richard's Castle, a parish on the border of the two counties partly in Salop and partly in Herefordshire, 3| miles S.W. by S. from Ludlow. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 85 In vino .xviij.d. In/ ceruis emp?/ v.g. ix.d. Km .viij. moi .iiij. salin pco. In .x. mo^/ v.g. In pisce aq dulc/ ij.g. viij.d. i rem/ v. mof. In ou/ xxiij. d. ofe. In lacte .ij.d. ofe. q". In pane/ ij.d. In eihdacone hanap coq'ne/ ij.d. fen9 i auen9 i li?a de dono rector9" loci ||Sm" xxij.g. j.d. q". ||Eya ||Die Jou seq apd Eye.b In pane/ iiij.g. In cerui?/ vj.g. vin9 Mai. 18. pco. In .iij. q"r bou .iiij.g. In .iij. vitut is di/ iiij.s. In .ij. bac/ iij.s. iiij.d. In viij. auc .iij.s. Km/ xij. capon9 .xij. putt. exh. Et r9 .j. vitut .j. bacon9/ ix cap. fen9 de don9 vicar9 loci. Auen9 de exh aliunde. In exp Wfti ?bpalefridc re?moran? apd Colewett cu Hq' sat'fc'm e' .j. palefrid* is p vias u dnrrt1 cu exp ei9d eq/ v.g. ix.d. ofe. q". In eta/ p .ij. dies/ vj.d. ofe. ||Sm" /xxx.g. viij.d. q". Illbidem ||Die Ven9is seqnti ibid. In pane/ iij.g. In .ij. sex? .j. potett/ Mai. 19. [vin e] ij.g. x.d. In cerui? .iij.g. xj.d. q". In. va? loca?/ j.d. In butir9 .j.d. Km/ v. mo^/ j. salni i di [p^S] If in xij. moi/ iiij.s. viij.d. In plai2/ iij.g. In tut?s .xiij.d. In pisce aq dulc/ ijg/ ij.d. ofe. If .ij. salin rec exh. is rem .viij. mor9/ di salm rec. In mos- "¦ Rectoris. Ralph de Midlington was rector in 1285. Reg. Swinf. f. 46, b. b Eye. This parish is in co. Hereford, 3 miles N. from Leominster. c Willielmi subpalefredarii. The same servant is mentioned at Oct. 12, note *, p. 8. His occupation at Colwall seems to have been the same as at Bosbury, viz. attendance upon a sick saddle-horse. The expense of his board was, as usual, paid, because there was no housekeeping on my lord's account during his absence from any of his houses. cl Palefrido. Whether this was one ofthe horses presumed at Oct. 21, note f, p. 11, to have been sent hither, or, which is more probable, the identical palfrey recorded at Oct. 12, it seems that the Bishop was not at present satisfactorily mounted ; and that this cir cumstance occasioned the inquiry for a fresh horse that is to be inferred from many passages, and the variety of presents he received from different quarters. One was at last purchased for him. He seems not to have been very fortunate with his stud this year, though among such a number as he had,on hand it might be expected that some would be upon the sick list. (Dors. 24, 31, 33, 47) Dec. 14. e Vini, inserted. 1 Proscomputati, inserted. e THt'. Trout. The single instance in which this fish is separately distinguished from the piscis aquos dulcis. But it was the season for them, and the streams of this well-watered country yielded them in abundance. 86 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINF1ELD. [1289. tard/ iiij.d. In portag" .j.d. fen9 de dono vicar9* loci. Auen9 de exh aliunde.6 In domib3 rhdand n va? loca? ad ma^/° hie is alibi p vias .vj.d. ofe. ||Sm"/ xxj.g. x.d. q". ULeomenis- ||Die Safei in festo Sci Ethelfeti/ vi? diis monachosB ei9dem loci is Mai. 20. trad fuit ibid i victual pc. II Sm" nich. ||Sm" septimane .c.vij.g. xj.d. ofe. q".f Illbide || Die D°nica in festo Pentecosten vi? id dn? poch eccam de Lein Mai. 21. is fuit ibid i victual pcur9/s ||Sm" n1. || Kyngeslon'h ||Die Lune seq vi? id dn? eccam poch de Kingeloii/ 1 fuit ibid Mai. 22. i victual pcur9 p rectore loci/ ||Sm" n1. • Vicarii. The vicar put in by the Abbat and convent of Reading, the patrons of Eye. Reg. Swinf. ff. 16, b. 84, b. b Aliunde. An odd expression, used also on the preceding day ; as though no one of the servants knew, or could give account of, the quarter from which the oats were pre sented. c Vasis locatis ad mareschalciam. Unless the smith attached to the establishment could have carried about with him an ambulatory forge, he must often have been at a loss. His smaller tools he might take with him ; but for the hearth, the bellows, and the anvil, he must have had recourse to the nearest shop, wherever it was to be found on their travels. This is manifestly implied by the passage in the text. He had either lost or worn out his rasp, for one was procured as soon as they reached Presteign. See Mai. 25. d Leomenistra. Leominster, a market town in Herefordshire, on the river Lugg, 13 miles N. from the capital of the county, and next to it in size and population. It was a rural deanery. The Benedictine priory here was subordinate to the abbey of Reading. ' Monachos. The house had been in a most disorderly state for some time ; and the late prior, John Geraud, notorious for immorality. The Bishop had already visited them more than once, but they disputed his authority. The pecuniary affairs of Reading Abbey itself were in great confusion, and this seems to have been extended to its dependencies. f End of the eighth schedule of the Roll. * Procuratus. The procuration is recorded iu both instances, when he visited the convent and the parish church. But in neither is any notice taken from whom it was received. If it were from the monks, this looks as though they were in no favour, and not fit in any way to be owned. >' Kyngeston'. Kingsland. This parish is in co. Hereford, 4J miles N.W. by W. from Leominster. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 87 ||Penebrugg' ||Die M"r? seq vi? dn? eccam poch de Penebrugg"" 1 fuit ibid i Mai. 23. victual pcur9 p rectore0 loci/ II Sm" n1. Illbidem ||Die M9cur9 seq fuit dn? i msa [cu°] dna Matild de Mortuo- Mai. 24. mar9(1 ad rogatu ||Sm" nb ||Presthemed' ||Die Jou seq apd Presthemede In pane emp?/ iiij.g. viij.d. In/ Mai. 25. ij. sex? vin emp? ij.g. viij.d. In cerui?/ iij.g/ iij.d. In kariag/ iij.d. In .j. karc boil/ v.g. In di bacon/ xiiij.d. In/ iiij. vitui/ iiij.g. iiij.d. In .iij. auc/ v.d. In xxiiij. pultiii/ xij.d. If .xv. cap .xj. auc exh is rein/ xv. capon. In. ou ixd. In pan ij.d. fen . is au uid3/ iij. q"r de dono afefeis Wigemor ad xxxv. eq. In ferr eq. d. clauojj .iij.g. iij.d. In kariag is rasor9 ad maj/ ij.d. In pan ad can /f ij.d. In eta p pies dies/ xij.d. ||Sm"/ xxviij.g. iij.d. || Radenor' ||Die Ven9is seq apd Radenor .e In pane/ iiij.g. viij.d. In iij. Mai. 26. vet' sex? i di vin9/ iiij.g. viij.d. In ceruis iij.g. iij.d. In expn pistorJ i janitor9/11 ij.d. ofe. Km ij. salin/ viij. mo* pco. In .xix. mor9 vij.g. In .c. makereft/1 v.g. In .ij. salm/ iij.g. vj.d. In pisce aq ¦ Penebrugg' . Pembridge, a borough town in the same county, 15| miies N.W. by N. from Hereford. b Reclorem. Hugh de Breusa, chaplain, was instituted to this rectory, 3 kai. Mai. 1287, on the presentation of Matilda de Mortimer. Reg. Swinf. f. 40, b. c Cum, inserted. d Matild' de Mortuomar'. Matilda de Mortimer, daughter and coheir of William de Braose, lord of Brecknock, married Roger de Mortimer, lord of Pembridge, who died in 10 Ed. I. Dugdale, Baronage, i. pp. 141 et seqq. e Presthemed'. Presteign, a market-town in co. Radnor, 150 miles W.N.W. from London. The church belonged to the abbey of Wigmore. ! In pane ad canes. It is a long time since any hint has been given respecting hounds, nor do they enter again upon the record till the family arrive at Sugwas in the following month. See Jun. 4. The dogs above mentioned might be only a few to guard the luggage. z Radenor'. Old Radnor, a parish in the county of that name, 2 miles S.E. from New Radnor. . h Pisloris et janitoris. Roger, the baker, sometimes employed as a harbinger, going forward to make preparation in his own useful department (Apr. 16, Mai. 2, 10, Jun. 16, 17), stands on the list of servants among the garciones. (Dors. 44, h. 64, h.) William, the porter, is among the valleti de ministerio. (Id. 43, g. 63, f.) Roger was ill in the summer, and had helpers in the bakehouse. 1 Makerett'. This perishable fish, so difficult to keep fresh long enough for convey- HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1289. dulc viij.d. ofe. If .ij. salm exh. i rein/ xj. [makeretta] mor9 .1. makereft. fen9 is auen" de dono Nichi capettib loci. ||Sm"/ xxix.g. |Kintcm' ||Die Safei seq vi? dns eccam de Kingtone0 is fuit i mensa cu Mai. 27. diio Philippo ab Howeld apd Hergast or3ib3 suptib3 ad rogatu HSm"^. ||Sm" septimane/ lvij.g. iij.d | Almalye ||Die D°nica in festo See T'nitatis apd Almai e fuit dn? is vi? Mai. 28. eccam eiusd loci 1 fuit ibid i victualibs pcuratus per rectoremf loci ||Sm" nichil. |Webbeleye ||Die Lune seq apd Webbeleye.g In pan9/ vj.g. iij.d. In .vij. Mai. 29. sex? vin / ix.g. iiij.d. In/ ceruis .iij.g. vj.d. Km xv. cap. pco. In .j. karc 1 di bou .ix.g. vj.d. In. mulf/ ij.s. j.d. In .ij. vitui 1 di/ iij.g. In .xxiiij. pultin / xij.d. If .x cap .xxiiij. pultin/ vj. ance into the interior of the country in the existing state of the roads, now makes its appearance, and is obtained freely by them during the latter end of this month and the early part of June. But the supply soon ceases. Like the herring, to be eatable at such a distance from the sea, it must in some degree have been cured for the journey. One quantity was not finished till the eighth day after it came to hand. Compare Mai. 31, June 2, 3, 7. However, it never reached them at Whitborne. a MakereW, struck through with the pen. b Nicholai capellani. The living might be vacant, or about to become so, by the avoidance or demise of the incumbent. Only Nicholas, a chaplain, seems to have been at hand to lend his aid in providing for the horses that night, but he could not furnish them with stabling. See Mai. 29. Not long after, 9 kai. Oct. 1290, Hugh de Rysebury was instituted to the church of Old Radnor, on the presentation of the noble lady Matilda de Mortimer. Reg. Swinf. f. 66, b. c Kingtone. Kington, a market-town in co. Hereford, 20 miles N.W. from Here ford. d Philippo ab Howel. The bishop and his attendants were this day, after the visitation, received by Sir Philip ap Howel, or Powel, the owner of Hargest Court, in the parish of Kington. One of this name, and probably of this family, was incumbent of King ton. Reys filius Howeli, Rhys ap Howel, was instituted to the church 13 kai. Febr. 1287. Reg. Swinf. f. 47, a. e Almai'. Almeley, a parish in co. Hereford, h\ miles W. from Weobley. The family of Pichard were patrons of the living. ' Rectorem. Roger de Webbeley was instituted June 5, 1280. Reg. Cant. f. 65 b. ? Webbeleye. Weobley, an ancient market-town, 12 miles N.W. from Hereford. This was a rural deanery. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 89 auc exh. i rem fm/ vj. cap. In ou/ x.d. In lacte .iiij.d. In pan .j.d. In flore 1 fornag pastilloa/ xj.d. In sale is potagy iij.d. fenu i auen" ad xxxviij. eq. de dono prior Lontoh rector a ecce loci. In stabulagb hie i apd Rad die pceden?/0 iiij.d. ofe. In exp janitor pceden? c'ca mdac domofc/ ij.d. II Sm"/ xxxvij.s. vij.d. ofe. ||Wormel a ||j)je Mar? seq vi? dn? eccam de Dylnwee is fuit i victual pcur; Mai. 30. apd Wormet p p'orem.f ||Sm" nichil. f„Sr"^WaS "Die M9cui-9 se9 aPd Sugwas. In pan9 furn9/ ij. q"r fri de Mai. 31. man io emp? p .viij.g. In .ij. sex? vini/ ij.g. viij.d. In .xix. sex? i di ceruis emp? Hereford/ xv.g. In exp pistor pceden?/ ix.d. If .ij. salm .xj. mor . pco. In/ xiiij. mor / iiij.g. viij.d. In .j. salm/ iij.g. In pisce aq dulc/ xxij.d. In .cc. makerett/ vj.g. In .xix. congr salg/ vj.g. Et r . os mor . di salm .c. i di makerett. In pis/8 vj.d. In sal .iiij.d. In portag i exp garc ad fo&/ ij.d. fenu de man io ad/ xxxij. eq. In .xij. q""r auen9 de maner emp? p xx.g. — Ind in pfe ij. q"r .ij. b3. auen9. In mas/ p ferratore/ j.d. ofe.b In eta/ vj.d. ||Sm"/ lxix.g. vj.d. ofe. * Prioris Lontonios, rectoris. The church belonged to the prior and convent of Llan- tonia prima, who put in a vicar. b Stubulagio. Weobley was on the high road from Hereford to Knighton, and it is traditionary that of old, in its flourishing state, the town contained many houses of entertainment, and was a place of some traffic. c Die proscedenti. They could not have passed through either of the Radnors on their route from Almeley to Weobley. Therefore, what is here signified respecting accommodation at Radnor must be not on the, but a, preceding day. d WormeV. Wormsley, a parish in co. Hereford, 3J miles S.E. by E. from Weobley. The church bad been appropriated to the priory in 1287. Reg. Swinf. f. 39, b. e Dylnwe. Dilwyn, another parish in the same co. 1\ miles N.E. by N. from V/eobley. 1 Priorem. Dilwyn had also been appropriated to the same priory in 1285. Id. f. 20, a. They were black Austin canons. — Tanner. The present prior was probably John Ros, who resigned in 1307. Reg. Swinf. f. 158, a. * Pisis. Fresh vegetables would be coming into tbe market at Hereford, whither some of the servants bad been sent to-day. At Bosbury and Whitborne both peas and beans were procured in abundance during the two following months, perhaps from the bailiffs who cultivated the gardens. They were often used green in pottage. See Jun. 11. h Per ferratorem .j.d'. ob'. When an entry of this kind occurs, it seems to allude to some farrier casually employed on the road. CAMD. S0C. N 90 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1290. Illbidem ||X>ie Jou seq ibide. pan9, cerui? pco. In vino/ iiij.g. If -j. bac Jun. l. .viij cap pco. In .j. karc ? di bou/ ix.g. In/ j. multon / xviij.d. In .j. ed -vj.d. In .ix. au2 .iij.g. In/ xxxix putt/ xxjd. ofe. Itm .j. pore .iiij. auc exh/ i rem .j. q"r bou .xj. putt. In ou .ij.g. In cimino .ij.d. 6. In pan9/ iijd. In carfe/ vij.d. In portagV j.d. fen de man9io ad xxj. eq.a In pfe eoid j. q"r ij. D3 is di auen pco. ||Sm" xxij.g. xj.d. Illbidem furn' ||jjje Vener9 seq ibid. In pan9 furn9 .v. q"r. ffi de maner9 emp? Jun. 2. p/ xx.s. In .ij. sex? vin9/ iij.g. iiij.d. In x. sex? cerui? emp?/ vj.g. viij.d. Km/ ix. congr9 .viij. mo* .ij. salm/ c. makerett. pco. In .ij. salni .v.g. In pisce aq dulc/ ij.g. 1 rem .j. salm. In mos- tard/ ij.d. In. hfe .j. d. fen de man io ad xxvj. eq. In pfe eoxd/ j. q"r .v. b3 1 di au pco. In .j. q"r ferr9 1 [.M.b] clau ad ead/ iiij.g. iij.d. If in ferr de ve?i ferr ° fabricand/ xij.d. In exp ferrator cu. mar / ij.d. q". In expn houm c'ca kariacom/d ij. dot vin de Bosebur usq3 Wyteborii/ is i?u de Bosebur usq, Sugwas/ cu .ij. aliis dot/ iij.g. iij.d. ofe. ||Sm" / xlv.g. xj.d. ofe. q". Illbidem ||Die Safei seq ibid. pan9, cerui? pco. In/ ij. sex? 1 di vin9 .iij.g. Jun. 3. iiij.d. In butir / ij.d. In emdacone va? de [coq"e] bu? .j.d. ofe. ¦ xxj. equos. Seldom fewer than between thirty and forty horses were worked in this last expedition. They set out from Colwall, Apr. 10, with thirty-five, which were occa sionally increased or diminished as they went along. Now, on the return to Sugwas, these have dwindled down to twenty-one. But the reason transpires in the transaction recorded on the following day. b M. sc. millena, inserted. c De veteri ferro. The practice of converting old shoes into new ones has been accounted for in p. 4, note b. They had recourse to it at their own forges at home : once at Prestbury, Feb. 20; and again at Bosbury, Jun. 16. d Kariacionem. This affair of removing the wine has taken out some of the horses alluded to in a former note, and the stock at Bosbury is drawn upon to serve for Sugwas and Whitborne. In a few weeks the cellars there are to be replenished against the autumnal consumption : indeed the Bishop was at Bosbury, as appears by his records, during most of the earlier part of the ensuing winter. Room must be made for the purchases that are to be laid in some time in the next month at Bristol. See Jul. 11. c Coquina struck out and buteleria substituted. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 91 If .v. mor/ vij. congr9 .xx. makerett .j. salm. rec .ij. salin. sals. pco. In .c. allec .ix.d. In pisce aq dulc/ xxiij. d. If .j. salm .j. luc exh. i n1 reiS. In ou/ xiiij.d. In cas /xxj.d. In croco/a xviij.d. In portag1/ j.d. In pane/ ij.d. feii de man9io ad xxxvj. eq. In pfe eofSj ij. q"r i di auen9 pco. ||Sm"/ x.g. xj.d. ofe. || Sm" septimane .ix.li. vij.g. q". Illbidem |] X_>ies D°nica seq ibidem, pan9/ In .iiij. sex?/ 1 di vin9/ vj.g. In Jun. 4. xv. sex? ceruis emp? Her9/ xj.g. iij.d. Km .j. q"r. boil .viij. cap .xj. putt. pco. In .ij. karc bou/ xiiij. g. In .j. porco/ iij.g. In .iij. multon9/ iiij.g. In .iij. vitui/ iij.g. vj.d. In .ij. ed/ xij.d. In bra wen/ ij.g. viij.d. In xxv. auc/ vj.g. iij.d. In .iiij,xx< putt/ iij.g. iiij.d. ofe. Km .j. cerue piguis0 1 .j. pc exh. ¦_ rem di karc bou/ ij. ven'- pci .j. multon9 i di .iiij. auc xxxij. putt. Km .j. lat5 cui .j. lat9 dame de ve?i instaur9. In alleis/ viij.d. fen9 de man9io ad xxxvj. eq. In pfe .ij. q"r. i di auen9 pco. Km .j. q"r auen life ad canes. In expn9 Ade Marescalli refmoran? apd Brom3ord q infirm9/ dii dn? vi?/ ij.g. ||Sm" lvij.g. viij.d. ofe. llIl3id' || Die Lune seq ibidem, pan9 pco. pre?ea in pan9/ iij.d. ofe/ In Jun. 5. .iiij. sex? is .j. lag vin / v.g. viij.d. ceruis pco. Km di karc boil .j. pc9 is di .j. multon9 .iiij. auc .xxxij. putt. pco. In .xxiiij. putt/ x.d. ofe. Km .j. pore9 exh i rem .j. pore9 i di I vniuso. In sal/ ix.d. In pan9/ iij.d. In eta p .ij. dieb3/ xij.d. fen9 de man9io ad/ xxxvj. eq. In .v. q"r auen de maner'' emp? viij.g. iiij.d. Ind in pfe/ j. q"r i di auen9/ p? .j. q"r au pco. ||Sm"/ xvij.g. ij.d. Illbidem fum' ||Die M"r? seqnti ibidem. In pane furn9/ iij. q"r ffi de man9io/ Jun. 6. emp? p .xij.g. In .iij. sex? vin9/ iiij.s. cerui? pco. If .j. pore i * In croco. Saffron, used in various processes of cookery, and much in pottage at sheep-shearing. t b Cervus pinrjuis. If it were fresh venispn, this is a little in anticipation of what the foresters termed the " time of grace," or season of the hart. — Manwood, p. 180. See Jun. 20, 22. But the fat deer in question, as well as the porker, might be » present, though this is not quite clearly expressed. Here is a regular venison feast, in which the salt flitches remaining on hand from last winter were cleared off against midsummer ; and now they are beginning to think of oatmeal for the hounds. See Jun. 10, 21. 92 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1290. di .j. mult .xxiiij. putt. pco. In .ij. vitui/ ij.g. In .x. auc .ij.g. viij.d. i nl. rein. In ou .xij.d. In potag1 1 lacte/ ij.d. feii de maner9 ad xiij. eq. In pfe eofdej ij. q"r .vij. b5 aueri pco. ||Sm"/ xxj.g. x.d. ||Dorsintone ||Die M9cur9 seqnti apd Dorsintone.3 pan9. In .iij. sex? .ij. lag Jun. 7. xiv. leng' cos- vin9/ iiij.g. viij.d. In .vij. sex? cerui? emp?/ v.g. iij.d. Km .lx. portag'et safe makerett. PcomP. In .xiv. leng emp? Lond p Th de Dan9/* xiij.g. xiij.s. vij.d. vij.g. cii ptag. jn .v. saiffi/ vj.§. In piSCe aq dulc/ iij.g. iij.d. Ex hiis i coq" .viij. mor9/ ij. salm. i pisces aq dulc exp. In ou/ ij.d. In lacte .j.d. In busca/ iiij.d. In ptaf .j.d. In feno/ viij.d. In pfe ad xxxvj. eq .ij.g. vj.d. pter .j. q"r .j. b3 de dono rector9 loci. In mdacoe domo^0/ ij.d. ||Sm" .xxxvj. g. ix.d. HCliffordia II Die Jou seq vi? dn? ec2amd poch de Clifforde is fuit ibid i victual Jun. 8. pcur9 p p'oremf ||Sm" n1 a Dorsintone. Dorston, a parish in co. Hereford, at the upper end of the Golden Valley, 8 miles E. by S. from Hay. The living was in the gift of the prior and convent of Clifford, who afterwards obtained the appropriation of it. b Thomas de Dane, or de Ia Dane, had been in London and bought a quantity of ling, which was salted, packed, and sent down into the country, and received on this day. Thomas has already been mentioned at p. 15, note d, and the marginal note, Jan. 12. No individual makes so conspicuous a figure in this record as he. In the Bishop's register he is found in bis service, as a layman, or perhaps in minor orders, so early as 1283. — f. 5, a. He is now holding the living of Hampton Bishop, having been instituted to it as deacon, Dec. 20, 1288, and appearing at this time as priest in the same rectory, during August in the present year 1290. He must have stood high in the estimation of the Bishop, for be was frequently entrusted with most important matters of business, as his chief manager to lay in necessary stores for housekeeping and clothing ; he also spent a considerable part of the time recorded in this diary in the superintendence of building and repairs in Kent, and performed several journeys in the course of the year. His name is of repeated occurrence in the Endorsement. He is usually placed next to Stephen, the brother of my lord. But, like other priests or chaplains, it will be seen that he is not enumerated on the household list. c Mundatione domorum. An entry of this kind often presents itself, e. g. Mar. 13, Apr. 29, Mai. 2, 29, Jun. 11, and involves the fact that places of reception were by law required to be provided for a Bishop when absent from home on his visitations; and these of course must be made ready against his arrival. d Ecclesiam. The church belonged to the priory. e Clifford, Clifford, a parish in co. Hereford, 3 miles N.E. from Hay. ' Priorem. A priory of Cluniac monks, subordinate to Lewes in Sussex, had been founded at Clifford in the reign of Henry I. Tanner. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 93 ||Stigwas || Die Ven'is seq apd Sugwas. In pane furn9 .iij. q"r. ffi de Jun. 9. maner emp? p .xij.g. In .ij. sex? vini/ ij.g. viij.d. In .x. sex? cerui? emp? .vij.g. vj.d. Km .viij. mos .ij. salin pco. In .c. makerett .xx.d. In .j. hak' .xiij.d. In menu?/ ij.s. j.d. is n1. rer3. In gruett/ ixd. In potag i herb .ij.d. fen9 de maner9 ad/ xxxvj. eq. In .vj. q"r auene de maner9 emp?/ xj.g. Ind in pfe/ ij. q"r? pter .v. b3- au rem hie i recessu.a Itm .j. q"~r furfur rec de pist'no is life eq's. In expn Harpin vacan?b c'ca falcon iuuenes extahend/ ix.d. In potu garc p vias/ ofe. q". In elemo? .vj.d. ofe. ||Sm" xl.s. iij.d. q". HIbidem ||Die Safei seq ibidem, pan9. In .j. sex? .j. lag1 vin9 emp?/ xx.d. Jun. 10. In ceruis/ iij.s. In .vj. tankard de buteler ° emp? ferr tiga?/ iij.g. In potu p vias/ ofe. q". Km/ iiij. moj .iij. congr pcomp. In pisce aq dulc/ xv.d. Km .j. saliS exh. 1 expn9. In ou .xij.d. In mostard/ iiij.d. In ptag .j.d. fen de maner ad/ xxxix. eq. In pfe eo^d/ ij. q"r/ v. b3. is di auen9 pco. Km .iij. b3 ei9d auen9 life ad pastu canu. ||Sm" .x.g. iiij.d. ofe. q". ||Sm" septimane/ ix.li. iiij.g/ j.d. ofe. ||Sm" mensis/ xxvj.li. xvj.g. iiij.d. ofe. Illbidem ||Die D°nica seq vid3 in festo Sci Barnab9 Apli ibidem, pan9. In Jun. 11. .iij. sex? is di vin / iiij.g. viij.d. In .v. sex? cerui?/ v.g. iij.d. In .ij. ma3er d de bu? repand/ cu pla? argnteis/ iij.g. vj.d. Km .xj. cap exh pco. In .j. karc bou/ vij.g. vj.d. In .iij. karc multon .iiij.g. vj.d. In .j. vitui .xv.d. In di pore/ xij.d. In .j. ed/ vj.d. In .liv. putt/ ij.g. iiij.d. ofe. i rem .j. multon . In sal/ iiij.d. ofe. In " In recessu. That is, these oats were left behind when my lord went out on the Wednesday preceding. b Harpini vacantis. Harpin. — See Oct. 1, note f. Watching in the woods to cap ture the young falcons as soon as they were sufficiently fledged to leave the nest. " Tankardis de buteleria. Coarse wooden buttery tankards, hooped with iron, to bring the beer from the cellar. Mazerinis. See Oct. 17, note b. An article of far higher value than the preceding, and belonging to the high table. All the vessels employed in the buttery service wanted renewal or repair. 94 || Bodenham I Pen combe || Bosebur' furn'. HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SW1NFIELD. [1290. flore/ viij.d. In pan9/ ij.d. In potag1 fafe nou is pi?/ vj.d. In por tag1 .j.d. In .ij. b3 [i dia] ffi de maner9/ xv.d. In .j. sug sat p ppir)/ ij.d. ofe. In feno de man9io p dece dies pcedentes .xiij.g, iiij.d. In .ix. b3. au emp? in foro .ij.g. ofe. is life/ ad xxxij. eq/ p? .j. q"r au pco. In pan ad eq' infirmos/ iij.d. In expii venator i Witti palefridar9 p duos dies du dn? fuit apd Clifford/ v.d. ofe. In c'pis coUigend is domib3 ihdand 9" advenf diii/ v.d. p ppm. Km da? de p dni opatorib3 in quarrerab apd Sugwas/ vj.d. || Sm" .l.g. ix.d. ofe. ||Die Lune seq vi? dn? eccam de Bodenh"m° is fuit ibid i vie- Jun. 12. tualib3 pcur9 p p'orem de Breconn . l|Sm" nichil. ||Die M"r? seq vi? dns eccam de Pencomb d 1 fuit sumptib3 jun. 13. rector9 e ad ei9 rogatu/ sic* ipe intellexit/ II Sm" n1. Die M cur seq apd Bosebyr . In pane furn / iiij. q"r ffi de Jun. 14. maner emp? p ,xvj.§. In .j. sex? vin emp?/ xvj.d. In/ xxij. sex?/ ij. lagen9g .xiij.g. viij.d. Km/ x. mos. pco. In .xxiiij. congr9/ " Et di', interlined. b Operatoribus in quarrera. Apparently a gift to some labourers in a stone-quarry at Sugwas. Only a few presents of money are noticed in the Roll, such as the cus tomary almsgiving, gratuities (curialitates j to servants, drink to carters and helpers (see Jun. 20), and this donation, which is by my lord's express order {de proscepto). But five sections ofthe endorsement (||31, et seq.) are devoted to the " gift" branch of expenditure, and bear testimony to his liberality, besides many other instances of it scattered through that part of the account. c Bodenham. Bodenham, a parish in co. Hereford, on the river Lugg, 8 miles N.N.E. from Hereford. The church belonged to the Dominican priory of Brecon. — Reg. Swinf. f. 163, a ; Jones, Hist, of Brecon, i. p. 39. Hugh de Benet was incumbent in 1291. — Duncumb, Collections, &c. 4to. 1812, ii. p. 54. A Pencomb'. Pencomb, a parish in co. Hereford, i\ miles W. by S. from Bromyard. • Rectoris. Master John de Chaundos, priest, was instituted to the church of Pene- cumbe on the presentation of Sir Eustace de Wyteneie, knt. 2 non. Febr. 1288. Reg. Swinf, f. 59, a. ' Sicut ipse intellexit. Another example of questioned liability to procuration. The rector scrupled the claim, and only invited his lordship, who was fain to accept bis entertainment, rather as a boon than a right. s Cervisios omitted. During the remainder of this month, and a great part of the next, in the heat of summer, all the beer for the family is bought. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 95 S^was- ^ ' ix,§- In •"'> salmorr7 v-s- In -ij- salm- de Sugwas/ iij.g. In h'c die h't ang'tt .v.d. is rem ex hiis xxj. congr9/ iiij. salin. In ou/ ij.g. In deSoiab3°sCaTm'em cai*/ xv"j-^- In PlS/ x.d. In .j. bs sat .vij.d. fen9 de Rompen ad/ p' recept'. xxxvj. eq. In/ vij. q"r auen9 de man9io .xj.g. viij.d. Inde in pfe ad eosdem .ij. q"r i di. In eia p tes dies/ vj.d. ofe. ||Sm" .lxv.g/ vj.d. ofe. Illbidem ||X_>ie Jouis seq ibid, pan9 .ij. sex? vin9 de instaur9 man9ii.b Jun. 15 p'c' de maner'. cerui? pco. In .iij. q"r bou/ v.g. In .j. pore de man9io/ ij.g. In .vj. auc'/ xviij.d. In .j. capone i xx. putt .xv.d. ofe. 1! rem/ iij. auc. In pan9/ ij.d. In lacte/ iiij.d. In flore/ viij.d. In pi?/ iiij.d. In carfe/ ij.d. fen9 de Rompeneye0 ad/ xxxj. eq. In pfe .ij. q"r .j. b3. auen9 ad eosd pco. ||Sm"/ xj.g. v.d. ofe. ||Die Vener seq ibidem, pan / ij. sex? vini. ceruis pco. Km Jun. 16 .viij. moz .v. congr9 .ij. salin ? di pco. In .ij. salm .v.g. In ang'tt .ij.g. ij.d. is rem o? salin cu aliis pco. In ou/ vj.d. In pesecoddes/ ij.d. ofe. fen de Romp ad xxxiiij. eq. In pfe eozd/ ij. q"r .iij. b3 auen pco. In expn venatojp ret°moran? apd Sugwas/ iiij.d. In ferr eq de ve?i ferr9 fabricand/ iij.d. In stann9 coq'ne faciend. Illbidem domib3 mdand/ c'pis coUigend exp vni9 garc/ ret°mor cu. .j. eq° infirmo/ xv.d. p ppm. In expn pistor9 pceden? p tes dies an advent dni9/ ix.d. p. pincnam. || Sm"" .x.g ||Witeborne furn' xxij.d'. | Die Safei seqnti apd Witeborne.d In pane furn .iiij. v.d. ofe. q"r ffi de jun. 17. * Salmones de Sugwas. The side note containing this memorandum is a farther con firmation of the connection and correspondence of the tallies of the bailiffs with the house-steward's account ; and that they had allowance made at « fixed price for such portion of the produce of the manor, be it what it might, as was taken for the consump tion of the family. It closes the reckoning with the bailiff of Sugwas for all the salmon previously received from that place to the present day. b De instauro manerii. The wine is set down as part of the stock of the farm or manor. It was probably the white wine made at Ledbury, but of a vintage before 1289? See March 2. c Rompeneye. Once more recourse is had for three days to this useful reserve of Rompney hay. It must have been the remnant of last year's making left in December, and brought in till the grass is fit to be cut : a little item, that throws light upon the management of the stable department under Adam the marshal's care. d Witeborne. Whitborne, a parish in co. Hereford, 4$ miles E. by N. from Brom- 96 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1290. Illbidem Illbidem •J- maner9 emp? p/ xiiij .g. viij.d. Km .j. sex? i di vini rufe de dolio p9 inthamia?.a Km di sex? vini alb9 de .j. dot.p9 intamia?. In .xxiij. sex? .iiij. lag cerui?/ xiiij. g. viij.d. In exp pisto£ pceden? .iiij.d. ofe. Km .vij. moz .iiij. congr ij. salin. pco. In .ccc. allec/ iij.g. ix.d. In pisce aq dulc .iij.g. i rem .c. 1 di allec. In fafe/ iij.d. In ptag .j.d. In sal/ ix.d. In ou/ xij.d. In pan .iij.d. herb de man io ad xxxvj. eq. In/ xx. q"r auen de maner .xxxiij. g. iiij.d. Ind in pfe n1 q eq' p9 ponebantr ad hbam.b In c'pis p ppm co" aduenf dni / ix.d. In ela .ij.d. l|Sm" .lxxiij.s. ofe. ||Sm" septimane .x.li. xj.g. iij.d. ofe. ||Die D°nica in festo Scoz M"rci i M"rcelliani m"z/ ibid, pan9 ? vini ru ) .j. sex? vini alb . cerui? pco. Km .j. karc bou Jun. 18. •y bou rec .v.g. vj.d. sal? .j. bacon de instaur ve?i pco. In di karc In .j. pore/ ij.g. In .j. vitui/ xiiij.d. In .vj. auc/ xviij.d. In .xlvij. putt .ij.s. Km .j. karc. bou .iij. capon .vj. putt. exh. is rem .v. q"r? bou rec. di pore/ xxx. putt .xxj. capon9 de exh precep?. In ou/ viij.d. herba de maner9 ad/ xxxij. eq. In pfe eozd .j. q"r ||Sm"/ xij.g. x.d. •""J Vllj. b5. [is dic] auen9 3 pco. ||Die Lune seq ibide. pan . cuis pco. Km .j. sex? is di vin9 rufe. Jun. di sex? vini alb9. Km. di karc bou sal? .j. q"~r bou rec. di bac. di 19. yard. Here was a manor and a moated manor-house belonging to the Bishops of Hereford. " De .j. dolio prius inthamialo. Two casks of wine, both white and red, had been tapped when the family were last here. (They were at Whitborne, as appears by the register, in July and August, 1288.) From this day both sorts of wine are brought to table, but the white or Ledbury wine (?), in smaller quantities. b Prius ponebantur ad herbam. It is nowhere intimated whether the horses were turned out atnight, or had grass brought into the stable to them ; but the latter is the most likely case ofthe two, and seems supported by the entry at Jul. 19, where mowing is expressed. At all events they had no oats (in prasbenda nichil) on the first night of their being put upon a change of diet ; and the reason is given why their usual feed was not put before them ; because, having previously tasted the grass, they probably would have refused or wasted the dry provender. But their allowance of grass is continued only till the evening of July 10 ; and their customary feed of oats will be found regis tered every evening. x Et di', interlined. 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 97 Illbidem Illbidem. furn' salm' de Sug was & ang'll' insup'. Illbidem pore9 .iij. cap .xxx. putt. pco. Km/ vj. capon9 exh i rem i vniuso .xxiiij. capon9. In .iij. putt .j.d. ofe is expn9. In ou .ix.d. In fafe/ j.d. 6. herb9 de maner9 ad/ xxviij. eq. In pfe .j. q"r .vij. b3. is di. auene pco. l|Sm"/ xij.d. ||Die M"r? seq ibide. pan9 .j. sex? i di vin9 rufe. cerui? pco. Jun- 20. Km di karc bou sals, di karc bou rec. di bacon, pco. In vitui/ xij.d. In .xxiij auca g Bas/ v.s. ixd. In .xx. auc/ de Witeborn/ .xxxv. auc ax. iij.s. iiij.d. In .xix. putt .ixd. ofe. Ex hiis. putt. In pi?/ ij.d. herba de man9io ad/ xxxiij. eq. In pfe eo^d .ij. q"r .ij. b3. is di. auen pco. In expn venatos in chac feis p Adamb Marescalhi/ xvj.d. ofe. In m"rch .j.d. ofe. In potu da? t'turato- rib3 apd Couwarne0 .iiij.d. l|Sm" xij.g. x.d. ofe. ||Die M9cur9 seq apd Witeborne. In pane furn9 .j. q"r is di Jun. 21. ffi de Bosebur emp?/ p vj.g. Itm in pane furn9/ ij. q"r ffi de man io emp?/ p/ vij.g. iiij.d. Km .ij. sex? vin rufe. di sex? vini albi. In/ v. sex? cerui?/ ij.g vj.d. In butir .iij.d. Itm .c. is di allec .j. salm 1 di. pco. In .xxx. mo£ .vij.g. vj.d. In .v. salm de Sugwas .iiij.g. In .iij. estik' ang'tt de Sugwas/ vij.d. 6. Ex hiis rem .xxij. mor .iiij. salin 1 di in vniuso. In ou/ xiiij.d. In potag/ ij.d. herb de man io ad/ xxxiiij. eq. In pfe ad eosd/ ij. q"r .iij. b3 au pco. Itm/ ij. q"r ei9dem auen ad pastu canu. ||Sm"/ xxix.g. vj.d. ofe. ||Die Jouis seqnti ibide. pan .j. sex? 1 di vini rufe. di sex? vini Jun. 22. • Aucis. A large quantity of geese laid in on one day, no less than forty-three. Only eight are immediately cooked ; the remaining thirty-five being put up to feed. A great quantity of poultry was fattened during their stay at Whitborne for my lord's table. See the materials employed, July 19. b Adam. He was so ill at Bromyard in the beginning of my lord's Shropshire visitation, that he was unable to attend any farther. But the duties of the Chase have called him out again. It seems to have been part of his office, as having charge of the stud, to accompany the hunters. c Trituratoribus apud Couwarne. We have no clue to the services of the threshers at Cowarne by which they had so far secured the Bishop's approbation as to obtain a present for drink. He does not appear to have had any land either at Great or Little Cowarne. Probably they afforded him some assistance on his way from Pencomb to Whitborne, as he passed through part of the parish of Little Cowarne. CAMD. SOC. O 98 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [1290. venaco rec ns. Illbidem furn', .iiij.s'. Illbidem alb9. In .xviij. sex? cerui? emp? p xj.g. viij.d. Itm. di karc bou sals, di bac. di karc ven9 rec .viij. auc. ix. putt. pco. In .j. mul- tone ep? xvj.d. In .xxxij. putt .xvij.d. ofe. Ex hiis rem/ xj. putt. Km .ij. danl mac' rec de cha2 i ren] .j. eozd. herba de maner ad xxxij. eq. In pfe eozd/ ij. q"r .ij. b3 au pco. In ma£. ofe. || Sm"/ xiiij .g. vj.d.» ||Die Ven9is seqnti ibid. In pane furn9/ iij. q"r t di ffi de Jun. 23. maner9 emp? p .xiij.g. iiij.d. Itm .ij. sex? vini rufe. ceruis pco. Itm .viij. mor9 .iiij. congr9 .iiij. salin i di pco. In .xx congr / xv.g. In/ v. salin/ vj.g. viij.d. In .vij. estik' .xiij. ang'tt g°ssis/ vj.g. In pise aq dulc .vij.d. Ex hiis r9/ xxvij. congr9. i vniuso. o? salin .iiij. estik' .ix. ang'tt g°s?. In mostard/ vj.d. In pane .iiij.d. In att. is sep/ vj.d. In hbis .j.d. In .c. is di. discoz/b c. platett/ iij.g. viij.d. ofe. In portag .j.d. In potag/ iij.d. herba de maner9 ad/ xxxiiij. eq. In pfe eozd/ ij. q"r .iij. b3 auen9 pco. Km .j. q"r furfur9 de pist'no life eq's. l|Sm"/ xlvij. g. ofe. || Die Safei seqnti in festo Natiuita? fei Johis Bapfe ibid, pan9 .iij. Jun. 24. sex? i di. vini rufe. di sex? vin alb* pco. In .xxj. sex? .iiij. lagen cerui? emp? .xiij.g. ij.d. In butir .j.d. Km .xiiij. mor .v. salni .ix. congr9 .iiij. estik'/ ix ang'tt gross pco. In pisce aq dulc/ xxij.d. In ou/ ij.g. .ij.d. ofe. In ptag .j.d. In potag/ iij.d. herba de maner9 ad xl. eq.° In pfe eo^d .ij. q"r .vj. b3 auen9 pco. In .c. ferr9 eq. is .ij. mitt clauoz ad ead/a xiij.g. j.d. || Sm" .xxx.g. viij.d. ofe. ||Sm" septimane/ vij.li. viij.g. vj.d. " End of the ninth Schedule of the Roll. b In .v. et dimidio discorum. A renewal of plates and dishes upon an extensive scale is considered necessary. It is the natural result of having carried their earthenware with them on journeys ; and the necessity for frequent purchases is as remarkable as the number of the pieces required to keep up the stock. See farther, Jul. 15, 19. c xl. equos. Midsummer day would be a court or rent day, and might occasion this increase in the number of horses. d .ij. millibus clavorum ad eadem. Twenty nails to a horse-shoe ; the average seems a large proportion, even allowing for turnings and removes of shoes. Trifling as such an observation may appear, it may not be without its use in helping to form a notion of 18 Ed. I.] THE ROLL. 99 Illbidem || Ibid' furn'. .iij.s'. viij.d'. (•) Auen' l| Ibidem „9 ||Die D°nica seq ibide. pan9 .iij. sex? i di vin9 rufe .j. sex? vinv Jun- 25. alb . ceruis pco. Km .j. karc is di bou sal?, di bac .xij. auc .viij. capon .xj. putt. pco. In .j. karc bou rec/ v.g. xj.d. In .j. pore/ karc multon ij.g. vj.d. In .iij. Km .j. pore .vj. cap ,VJ auc, .iij.g. vj.d. In .xxxix. putt/ xvij.d. exh. Et r9 di karc bou rec .j. pc i ou/ || Ibidem furn'. Salm' de Sug was. di. j. mulf i di. is auc iste is cap cu ce?is premanentib3.a In xxij.d. In sagie alb / ij.g. x.d. In gruett/ xvj.d. In sal/ ix.d. In pi?/ iij.d. herb9 de maner9 ad xxxiiij. eq. In pfe eozd .ij. q""r .ij. b3 au pcomp. l|Sm"/ xx.g. iiij.d. || Die Lune seq in festo Scoz Joh is Paul ibid. In pan9 furn9/ ij. Jun. 26. q"r ffi de man io/ emp? p .vij.g. iiij.d. ij. sex? vin rufe. cerui? pco. Km. di karc boil sal?, di bac .j. q"r bou rec di pore .j. mulf .iiij. cap .xxxvij. putt. pco. herb de man io ad/ xxx. eq. In .xij. q"r auen de man io emp?/ xx.g. Ind in pfe eozd .ij. q"r .ij. b3- auen . ||Sm"/ xxvij.g. iiij.d. ||Die Mar? seqnti ibid, pan9 .ij. sex? vin9 rufe .iij. sex? f di vin9 Jun. 27. alb cerui? pco. Ifm di karc bou sal?, di baco j. q"r bou rec. di multon9. di pore9 [x. aucb] .ij. cap pco. In .j. vitui .xij.d. In .xiiij. putt .ij.g. Et rem .xxv. putt. In ou .iij.g. xj.d. In pis/ ij.d. herba de maner9 ad xxxij. eq. In pb/ ij. q"r .ij. b3 .ij. b3. (sic) ||Sm"/vij.g.j.d. .j. q"r ffi de man io/ Jun. 28. In .xxij. sex? cerui?/ In .dcc. allec .vij.g. Life and Gests of St. Thomas de Cantilnpe, 12mo. London, 1674, pp. 146, 308-9. THE ENDORSEMENT. 117 || Km in life diio Cancellar9 Her* p man diii Johis de Sceluing | stati post festu Omium Scoz ad expn9 pueroz pdcoz Oxon in for" coducta in? dnm/ i dhiS Cancellai9/ Iiij.g. iiij.d. In lifeato pdco diio Cancel!/ apud Rading ad exp pdcoz puoz .xl g. tcio die p9t ffn C'cumcisionis dni. In eq'tafa duoa puoz de Kyngessuod veni- entiu ad diim de Oxon ad Art/ ij.g. If garcoi eozd de dono dni .vj.d. || Sm" .vij.li/ ix.g. ij.d. relation he stood to them, yet, as he was a layman, and was appointed occasionally to visit them at Oxford, it is not improbable that he was their father. Richard and Robert Kingessuod, now prosecuting their studies under episcopal patronage, were in due time ordained, and held livings in the diocese. Robert was incumbent of CoddiDgton in 1300, and of Cradley in 1303, and Richard was incumbent of Colwall in 1313. a Here are their expenses for board, lodging, and probably for clothing, as well as masters and travelling, during a great part of the current year. They were paid through the hands of persons who happened to be residents or visiting the University ; but the money passed chiefly through the Chancellor of Hereford. These sundry disburse ments, collected from the intermixture of other matters, are as follow : £ s. d. By Stephen de Tanet and John de Kingessuod, about Michaelmas and All Saints . . . . . . . . 2 13 4 By John de Sceluing through the Chancellor, from All Saints to Jan. 4 . 2 13 4 For their journey on horseback with a servant to visit the Bishop at Earley on his return from London. Jan. 18 — 20 . . , .026 By N. de Reygate, through the Chancellor, about the Octaves of the Purification. Feb. 2 . By John de Kingessuod, through d° at Whitsuntide, second week in May By Adam the Marshal, through d°, first week in July 3 6 2 16 2 6 8 88 £\3 19 2 This allowance for about forty weeks, excluding a few incidental charges, might amount to about half a mark per week, if the first payment were by anticipation, and there is reason for thinking that such might actually be the rate at which their necessary costs were estimated. The first payment was made a week before Michaelmas, 1288, the last, including the whole, early in July, 1289, when a vacation probably occurring till Michaelmas ensuing, they were sent for by Adam the marshal to return to their kind friend the Bishop, {ad redeundum de Oxonia ad dominum,) who was reposing, after the fatigues of his summer visitations, in the quiet of Whitborne and Colwall. This may be thought to savour too much of conjecture, and will be admitted or rejected accordingly. The mere pecuniary allowance may, however, be compared with that of other students at the University during the same year, and may appear to correspond with it. a Reg. Swinf. ff. 69 a. 131, b. 140 b. 118 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. ||K in life dco dno Cancellar9 ad expn pueroz pdcoz inf" octafe ||9. Purificacois fee Mar9 p man diii N. de Reyga?/ lxvj.g. viij.d. In life Ruwardyn arripien? i? vers9 Aurelian9 i octafe Pasche/ iiij.g. If eid p'us de p9 dni9 ad sotular9/ xij.d. In exp Johis de Sceluing redeun? de Oxon p possession in sua pfe hnda/ vj.g. viij.d. In. This mode of patronage was not confined to the Church, but received the sanction of royal example. For, on his return from France in 1288, Edward I. brought over from Gascony two nephews of a certain clerk of that country, Stephen de la Ffite," a name that has been handed down to us with distinction among the wealthy capitalists of Europe. Arnald and Bertram de la Ffite, accompanied by their tutor, Thomas Petevyn (of Poitou), and Peter of Spain, a servant of their uncle, arrived in London in October, 1288. Peter went down first to Oxford to make arrangements, and, having hired aud furnished a house and procured necessaries for their reception, returned to his master. This done, after a few days' abode in London, the party proceeded to take possession. During their stay in town their expenses for sundries amounted to 20*. and it may not be uninteresting to trace such particulars respecting tlieir little establishment after they became settled, as the loose entries of the royal records supply. b They were taken upon the list of pensioners from Sunday the 23rd of October. Their house-rent, salaries of masters, ordinary and cursory, and tbeir laundress and barber, two books of institutions (copies ofthe statutes ?), their shoes for summer and winter, clothes supplied from the king's wardrobe, with a tabard apiece, body linen and sheets, table-cloths, towels, kitchen and household utensils, chairs, desks, a curtain for their bed, and wood for firing, are distinctly enumerated. Besides the sum above mentioned, they had fifty-one shillings to provide them with these and other necessaries, their robes and tabards excepted; and their annual allowance for the diet of themselves and their private master was twenty marks, paid half-yearly. However, they were also to receive by special favour of his Majesty, from William de Luda, the newly-created Bishop of Ely, fifteen marks more to be paid at the same times. We are not informed whether this surplusage was only for one year, or was to be continued during the whole of their course. It is most likely to have been the former, for the Bishop is expressly stated to have been saddled with this charge by reason of his late appointment (ex collatione domini regis, de gratia sua, ralione novas collationis). Be this as it may, looking only at their regular stipend, comparing it with that of the Kingessuods, and making allowance for some superfluities in the difference between the patronage of a bishop and a king, the resemblance seems to present a fact, that the sum of half a mark per week was deemed sufficient for the maintenance of two scholars during term time at Oxford in those days. a Master Henry la Feyte occurs as Official of Rochester and Professor of Canon and Civil law, a. 1282. -Ant. a Wood, Gutcli, vol. i, p. 299, note. b Household Book, May, 1290, 18 Ed. 1. ; Tower. Eleemosynary Holl, same date, Carlton Hide. THE ENDORSEMENT. 119 life diio Cancellar9 ad exprls scolariu pdcoz in septim" Pentecost p manu Johis carctar9 .lvj.g. viij.d. If In life pdco dno Cancellario Heref9 ad exp scolariu/ pdcoz/ Oxon conioran?/ ad exp adredeund de Oxon ad diim .xlvj.g. viij.d. p manu Ade ra&f stati post t"ns- lacoem Sci Thoi3 M^tir9. De quib3 oibj Stephs de Tanet ciieus/ noie diii Cancel! equam reddidit roem. ||Sm" .ix.li. xx.d. HExpn' fete p' ||In expii diii. J. de Swynef9. Barthi de Gatesdenn i Th de la ||10. Dan' in Cancia. Dane cii sex eq's q'nq garcoibj. vna cu expii Symon de Seluing qui inueniebatr London a die Sci Mich de Sugwas vsq Douor i ibide p aliq°t dies .xxx.g. viij.d. 6. Other persons mentioned in this section are Gilbert de Swinfield, the Chancellor of Hereford, a nephew of my lord ; — Stephen de Tanet, who kept the account of these students : he was ordained subdeacon at Earley, deacon at Wye in Kent, and priest at Ledbury, all in 1291 : he was also rector of Tugford, and afterwards held other prefer ments in the diocese of Hereford ;¦ — John de Sceluing, rector of Ross,b an account of whose prebend here alluded to may be seen in the preliminary abstract ; — Nicholas de Reygate, one of the auditors of the Roll (|| 37), and rector of Coddington from 1286 to 1297 f — John the carter, alias de Kingessuode ; and Ruwardyn the messenger, deriving his name, no doubt, from Ruardean on the western edge of the forest of Dean. He took a journey to Orleans about Easter, for a purpose to be noticed hereafter. Except the two last, the whole of these were chaplains of my lord, or clergy beneficed in the diocese. Indeed Ruwardyn, if he be tbe same with William Ruwardyn, was incumbent of Walford in 1309. d The rest were all successively advanced in a course of years, and some of them rapidly, to a variety of preferments ; for it was the custom of Swinfield to promote the objects of his favour in quick succession. The Chancellor and De Tanet and Sceluing were apparently resident and engaged in their courses of study at the University. De Tanet, though holding a living, was only in minor orders. Sceluing had been presented to Ross when he was but a deacon, and still earlier to Hampton Bishop, before he was of lawful age and in holy orders. Of this system of what may be thought premature promotion, abundant proofs exist in the records of the see. A youth might be an archdeacon, as was John de Swinfield, another nephew of the Bishop, while he was but a sub-deacon, and a chancellor, as Gilbert de Swinfield, before he had finished his academical education. Expenses facta per Thomam de la Dane in Cantia. The four following sections re late to a very different class of disbursements confined to the agency of Thomas de la Dane. We are now returning to the Michaelmas of 1288, the period at which the Roll commences, aud meet with payments relating to the Bishop's connection with his native country. De la Dane, with a person named Bartholomew de Gatesdenn, admitted, in 129 Le a Reg. Swinf. f. 74, b. b Id. f. 56, b. c Id. f. 37, a. 117, b. d Id. f. 166, b. e Id. f. 74, b. 120 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. In. sotular9 t caligis. pannis lineis .j. gladio empf p Symoii de Seluin^ i in expii ei9de vs9 Canciam .vij.g. xj.d. If in soluf feta p mesa ei9de London .ij.g. S3 fn adhuc Rogs le Palmer p mesa ei9de no plene satisfcon. In .j. eq°. empto ad op9 ei9dem Symoii .x.g. In expii cui9dam nucii t"nfetantis cii dno. J. de Swynef9 1 reiltentis ad Thoma de Dane ex Sta ca .ij.g. In lib. Bartho de Gatesdenn ad .j. tabardu .ix. sot .xj.d. In solucoe feta. q"tuor psonis in to subdeacon's orders, Simon Seluing, alias Sceluing, a layman, and Sir John de Swinfield, Archdeacon of Salop, made an expedition through London into Kent. They had six horses and five servants. Simon had been boarding some time in London at the Bishop's cost, with one Roger le Palmer, and they took him with them. The expression em ployed on this subject is familiar among household words to the present day. He was found there, not in tbe sense of discovery, like the personage mentioned by Virgil, inventus focis (__Eneid, vii. 680), but simply in that of maintenance ; and Palmer received his money at two several payments, which are scrupulously noted to avoid error or mis understanding. Simon had a thorough outfit of boots, shoes, and linen for a journey of some importance : a horse was bought for him, and the traveller's indispensable com panion in those days, a sword. His office seems to have been to act as an escort to the Archdeacon, who was going to France. It had been long the fashion for English and Scotish students to resort to foreign seminaries of learning, and in Becket's time, during the dispute between him and Henry II., great numbers of them were recalled home. The Archdeacon, with the above-mentioned party, may be traced to Dover, and a messenger crossed the sea with him, aud returned to Thomas de la Dane ex certa causa ; which certain reason mysteriously hinted at, was probably to bring intelligence of the safe arrival of this youthful dignitary at Paris or Orleans, who had a licence from his uncle to study for » season in France." The writer, minutely explicit in most things, is occasionally reserved in his expressions ; and here are four persons alluded to anonymously, who receive in Kent 31s. 2d. before the feast of All Saints; unless, indeed, these four be the Thomas, Bartholomew, Simon, and the Archdeacon aforesaid. As the Bishop is in strict communication with his own county, it appears that he had many re lations living there and some property ; that he had recently purchased land, and was engaged in building and repairing as well as in agricultural concerns and improvements in that quarter. The scene of most of these transactions was at Womenswould, in the hundred of Wingham, 5 miles S. by W. from that place. Here was originally a chapel of ease, which on the foundation of a college at Wingham by Archbishop Peckham, in 1286, was separated and made a distinct parish ; but was soon after annexed as a chapel of ease to the church of Nonnington, and so, according to Hasted, b it has con tinued ever since. a Reg. Swinf. f. 68, b. b Hist, of Kent, iii. p. 712. THE ENDORSEMENT. 121 Cancia an festu Omi Scoz .xxxj.g. ij.d. In .vij. lignis empf p capella in cur de Wymelingeweld costuend .ix.g. xj.d. . || Sm" .ciij.s. vij.d. 6. || Km c'ca Natal diii life carpntar opantib3 c'ca 9stuctom coq'ne ||11. apd Wimelingeweld p pte stipendioz suoz/ xl.g. In life cuida cooptori domoz p labore suo ulta p'mu pactu suu/ vj.g. ij.d. Km in .j. virga? Sre emp? ibid/ ij.g. vj.d. Km in emendacone .j. gu?ii ibid .iij.d. If in plan? pomif is ibid planta?/ iiij.g. viij.d. q". In oblacoib3 carpntar ad Natale diii/ xij.d. If in st"mine vocato Gloyt/ xiiij.d. Km in aq" ad coopfam ptanda/1 iiij.d. In .xxiiij. 1 Qu. portanda ? In .vij. lignis pro capella in curia de Wymelingeweld' construenda. It is doubtful whether the chapel in building, for which timber was procured, was the identical parochial chapel ; and this doubt arises from the expression of the court of Womenswould, which rather intimates that this chapel formed part of a considerable dwelling-house that the Bishop had now under hand, either in the way of addition or repair. The 11th section comprises a set of miscellaneous entries. Carpenters were con structing the kitchen at this building about Christmas. A workman who had contracted for covering certain roofs had an allowance of 6s. 2d. more than his agreement. He is called coopertor, which, taken in connection with the straw, gloyt, and the water brought to moisten it, appears to point him out as a thatclier. A gutter is mended in some older part of the premises. While the carpenters are thus engaged at this hallowed season, they are attending upon the services of the Church, and the Bishop is not un mindful to allow them a sum of money for their alms at the offertory, in oblationibus ad Natale domini. This was, however, not an unusual practice for masters and em ployers of the higher ranks towards their dependents. Other particulars proclaim the forming of a homestead : a virgate of land was bought, and some apple-trees were planted — plantis pomiferis, grafted stocks ; and it may seem strange that, while through out the Roll no mention is made of orchards in Herefordshire, one should be forming in Kent. But tbe truth is, that, though from earlier times the apple was undoubtedly frequent in Gloucestershire, and its use as producing a fermented liquor was understood in this century in other parts of England," tbere is no evidence of its having been as yet extensively colonised in what is now emphatically " the land of cider." During these operations at Womenswould, Thomas, the superintendent and paymaster, would be, it is presumed, among his own kinsfolk and friends. In the southern part of the parish of Wingham, the manor of Dane or Dene Court was the inheritance of a family who took ft Arcliseological Journal, v. 302. CAMD. SOC. R 122 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. vin panni lanei p Helewi^ de Sceluing1 1 filiab3 suis/ Iiij.g. iiij.d. In .xxvj. vlnis pann9 Ian9 emp? p nepte Johis de Sceluing/ lvj.g. ix.d. In dcis pann9 retondend/ ij.g. ij.d. In vestib3 ad easde de dco panno facied vna cu laqarib3 i serico/ xij.g. viij.d. If in robis q'b3dam aliis pson9 in Cane life de secta diii pco/ cindend/ cu laqarib3 i sindon9/ iij.g. x.d. In forur9 ad s9 rtunicas 1 capuca ad sex. personas memoratas/ emp?/ ? pforniand/ xxxviij.g. v.d. cii .j. pana ad mantell vni9 eazde. In .xlvj. viii tele linee i aliq'b3 inde faciend in Cancia/ vna cu canab9. chalonib3. cera. i q'b3dam aliis minu? ad easde .xxxvj.g. xj.d. ofe. Km in mapp/ manu?giis/ i q'b3dam sumptib3 feis erg". Johem de Oxedene/ iiij.li. viij.g. iij.d. In life diusis person9 ibide c'ca ide temp9 de .p\ diii/ xxviij.g/ iiij.d. ||Sm" xviij.li. xvj.s. ix.d. ofe. q". their name from it, and held it at the eighth part of a knight's fee of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Richard de Dene did homage to Archbishop Peckham for it in this reign. The wood of La Dane also occurs in a grant of land to the college of Wingham." Thomas was invested with the pleasing office of distributing his master's bounty to some who were objects of it by relationship or favour. The Sceluing family are prominent as par takers of it. Heloisa (Louisa) de Sceluing and her daughters, and the niece of John de Sceluing, with sundry others unnamed, were liberally provided with comfortable woollen dresses for the winter, trimmed with fur, together with all the minute accompaniments for making them up. One of the ladies had also a mantle, and some of them, if not all, were dressed in the livery of my lord, secta domini. Linen garments were not omitted. Tela linea is the expression commonly employed for fine body-linen, and the delicacy of the writer is shewn by the manner in which he designates the use to which it was applied, aliquibus inde faciendis. Counties and districts ring changes upon proper names of persons and places. Here are Dane or Dene, and a John of Oxedene, appa rently all in the same quarter. What claim the latter had to the Bishop's liberality we can never learn ; it is, however, evident that, besides _. supply of table-cloths and towels, an unusual portion of it fell to his share. This is not the part of the Endorse ment appropriated to casual gifts, as will appear hereafter; but divers persons are brought in anonymously at the end of this account, who might be stated pensioners on Swinfield's bounty. " Hasted, ut supra. THE ENDORSEMENT. 123 || In solucone fea Rog1 Palmer9 Lond p insa. Simon9 de Sceluing ||12. p. vna pte more sue Lond/ v.g. In exp Thorn de la Dane i Reg de Boclond cii hoib3 i eq's diusis eun? in London i moran? ibid/ septedeci dies c'ca ppacom diusoz oceone cui9 da ot"ctus fei in Cancia/ i vers1 Cane i i?ii Lond ubi des Th p dies aliqst morabat1' facies puidenc co" aduentu dni ad conggacom Epoz ibid/ rone q"z ex^ndebat ibid c'ca octo solidos/ xij.g. v.d. If in expn9 ei9d p9 r9.1 dni/ xxj.d. 6. ||Sm"/ xlviij.g. ij.d. ofe. ||In lifeacoib3 factis diusis pson; in Cancia p manu ei9de Thome ||13. scdm copotu q reddidit ad Octafe T9nita? .Ij.g. j.d. Ite p redd solu? apd Wymel i curialitatib} fctis baftis rone ?re q' fuit diii Stephi Capelli ate felde .xvij.g. j.d. ofe. In eade terra colend i seiand frumento/ ordeo/ 1 aueii empf p seie. Iifeac6ib3 famloz .xxiij. copp vise ,j. mensa. i j. scala .x.li. iij.g. Ite. in 1 p' r'. Post reditum. In section ||12 payment is recorded of the balance due for Symon de Sceluing's board and lodging to Roger Palmer, his London host. (See ||10.) Reginald de Boclond, another of Thomas de la Dane's companions in travel, and a favourite ofthe Bishop, (Roll, Nov. 1. note li) rode with him from Kent to London, where they remained seventeen days settling a contract entered into either for the completion of buildings or the purchase and improvement of land, and, having accomplished this object, went back into that county. Thomas was again summoned to London, and con tinued there some days as harbinger, making preparation agaiost my lord's arrival at the congregation of Bishops on the opening of the Parliament. The duration of his at tendance at these important meetings is indicated by the Roll, pp. 39 — 42, where it is shewn that tbe Bishop entered London on Jan. 7, and quitted it for Kensington on his return to his diocese, Jan. 13. The whole of the above travelling expenses amounted to 48*. 2id. || 13. In liberationibus. De la Dane, the appointed paymaster and representative of his lordship in Kent, gave in another statement on the Octaves of the Trinity (May 28, et seq.) relative to proceedings at Womenswould, which comes down as low, at least, as to about the end of February. Some little chronological arrangement occasionally breaks in upon us, and we have certain disbursements minutely but miscellaneously detailed. Rent was paid, and gratuities were presented to bailiffs, when land was bought of one Stephen, a chaplain. The Bishop, it appears, had first tenanted and afterwards purchased it. By the common prefix of a Norman article to a Saxon noun, it is styled la feld. It seems, too, as though the said Stephen derived his surname from this estate, 124 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. stipui/ fagot? ad claudend aream [de Wymelinf1]. carec? p^andis ad arenam cariand. clutis. bord. bastis. tactib3/ i ferr equoz .xxvij.g. vj.d. 6. Item in tignis. lat?. quercinis 1 fagin. clauis diusis/ gumfis/ vertinett/ bord ad dresser9, virgis/ portag1 aque/ in .j. muro lapideo faciendo .xl.-m- tegulaz. calce i aliis .x.li. iij.s. v.d. In m9emio ad coq'na de Wymeling1 pficiend. magnis clauis. lingnis ad capella secand. ferramtis/ bord ad eamde. cariag. i portag eo^de/ doliis vacuis ad pali?/ domib3 de la feld remouend/ 1 sutuand i cur diii domib3 coopiend. obloe oparioz/ stipui ?cm empt .ij. sum auene ad fjbendam .vj. carecta? st"mis. i di. fossa? fac/ i quib3da aliis minu? scdm tenore copof dcti Thome .xij.li. iiij.s. vij.d. In expii ei9de Thome. Ade coci. Thorn palefridar'. i .ij. garconu London p .xj. dies post recessu diii. vna cii expii ei9de Th eun? in ' Interlined. for he is called Stephen at feld (Hatfield ?). In another place (||36) he is represented as Vicar of Fownbope, near Hereford, and he was made vicar of Bosbury in the September of the present year, 1290. There are others ofthe same denomination and probably the same family, as William atte felde, (||38,) who had an annuity from the Bishop, secured on property in the town of Ledbury ; John de la ffeld, an acolyte in 1304, and portionist of Bromyard in 1313 j and another John, a manorial bailiff in Hereford." The purchase at Womenswould was closed on the second week in Lent, between Feb. 22 and 28, (||36,) and, whatever was the quantity of land, it was sown with wheat, oats, and barley ; one of the very few instances in which barley is distinctly named. A list of articles follows, which implies the labour of men and horses, and includes tools and materials of various sorts for carpenters, masons, and plasterers, the enclosure of a yard, carting sand, fetching water, building a wall, &c. The sawyers cut out timber for the kitchen and chapel ; paling was formed of empty casks; and some buildings were taken down, brought from "la feld, "re- erected, and covered in at my lord's court. Much stubble or straw was required for thatch ing, for it was procured a third time (stipula tertium empta). A ditch, probably part of the fence, was sunk. The workmen attended divine service, and their offering, as before, was defrayed by their employer. When my lord quitted London, Adam the cook, and Thomas the groom, with two servants, were left behind on board wages. These and Thomas de la Dane's personal expenses on a subsequent journey at Easter, April 2, close the section. The reader may imagine that, unless tbe rector of Hampton Bishop took care to provide a substitute at his living, this cure must have been neglected, for he was constantly occupied during these Kentish transactions in travelling to and fro a- Ecg. Swinf. 06, a. 173, a. 186, b. 196, a. THE ENDORSEMENT. 125 Cancia i redeun? London/ i moran? ibide c'ca empcoem pannoz i ppacoem robaz cu expn et supuenientiii garconii i equo£. i etia cu expii ei9de Thome venien? in Pasch vsq Northlech i redeun? London i in Cancia .xliij.g. ix.d. ofe. ||Sm" .xxxix.li. x.g. vj.d. ofe. Ilffeod' diu'sa ||In life Thome de Bragg* Pugili/ p feod suo de t'b3 ?minis/ vid3. || 14. de fo Sci Michis anno diii M°.cc0.lxxx°viij0/ i de Pascha? seqnti ac de fo Sci Michis p"o sbseqnti/ — .xx.g. octauo die Januar9. In life Magro Garino de Boys aduocato diii Lond/ de ?o Sci Hillar9 hoc anno/ xl.g. vnd dns ht suam aq'tan?. Km in solucone fea between London and Womenswould, and had his time fully taken up with the secular and private affairs of my lord. About Easter we find him advancing to Northleach, but turning about and retracing his steps into Kent. The summing up of this paragraph gives rather a heavy expenditure — 39_. 10*. 6%d. ||14. Feoda diversa. Salaries or stipends. — Spelman, Gloss, in voce. With regard to the three cases first given, they relate to stipends upon regular agreements drawn between the contracting parties, as appears from copies of the several bonds existing in the Episcopal Register (Appen nix, Nos. I. II. III.), the one engaging to pay a certain sum, and the others to be retained in consideration thereof, and to be forthcoming whenever their services might be required. Foremost among these is the champion, a personage of no small importance. This is an unquestionable and interesting proof that the usages of the feudal system had not ceased, and that trial by wager of battle was still permitted to churchmen. The Bishop of Hereford had territorial rights to defend, which, prior to and in the time of Cantilupe, immediately preceding Swinfield, had been seriously invaded by Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester. The account of this dispute, too long to be here inserted, is to be found in the Abstract and Illustrations. Upon that occasion this champion was appointed, who seems to have been continued in office, and now, though not classed among the attendants of his household, is a retainer, and eats the Bishop's bread. It will, however, be observed on comparison of his receipts with tbe original bond, that the sum was at first only half a mark, due at Michaelmas annually ; whereas in the account before us, which relates to three half-years, he was paid to that amount each individual half-year, — viz. from Michaelmas, 1288, then from Easter, 1289, and again from Michaelmas in that same year, so that his receipts were actually double what had been at first settled upon him. The discharge wears the appearance of being professedly in anticipation, yet, unless the last entry be the entire closing of the account, he was kept in arrear, the final payment here recorded being made on January 8, 1289. Tbe family of Brydges are of considerable antiquity in the county of Hereford. Magistro Garino de Boys. He is the Bishop's advocate for causes ecclesiastical in the court of the Arches at London. His bond or letters patent (App. II.) bearing date 126 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. Johi de Cantuar9 pcuratori diii Lond ad Archus/ xiij.g. iiij.d. de ?o Orniu Scoz p"o pceden?. vnde ei9 aq'etan? ht dns in coffr9. || Sm" .lxxiij.s — iiij.d. (||Sm' pat3.') ||ltnl Rog'o Capun Atornato diii apd Westmon in Octafe T'nita? || 15. apd Sugwas/ vj.g. viij.d. i pte remun acois sui laboris. If In lifeato eidem ex ca? consimili p'ma dnica mensis Octobr / apud Bosebur / de $. diii .vj.g. viij.d. l|Sm" .xiijg. iiijd. 1 Dashed through. Nov. 13, 1287, assign him, whether actually employed or not, a salary of six marks per annum, to be paid half-yearly. One only of these payments appears in the text. Johanni de Canluaria. This is a proctor * in the same court, who has also a regular appointment by bond (App. III.) ; his payment too is half-yearly, and amounts to two marks per annum. Only half of it is accounted for. The champion is not required to give a receipt, but each of the two latter has furnished one, and they are deposited in the chest in which my lord's writings are kept. This staff of legal advisers and assistants is com pleted by Roger Caperun, an attorney in the Court either of Common Pleas or King's Bench, both of which then sat at Westminster ?" He was, however, only paid occa sionally, as his talents and exertions might be called forth, and this is termed his remu neration, in contradiction to the other feoda. When the Bishop was at Sugwas in the Octaves of the Trinity, (see May 31, et seq.) Caperun seems to have visited him, and then was settled with in part. As to what occurred at Bosbury in October, when he received a second time, by my lord's order, the ancient professional remuneration of 6s. Sd. still retained in legal charges, — if it were the ensuing October of 1290 it is not properly comprehended within the period of the Roll. But since, from other sources, we know that the Bishop was at Bosbury both in September and October, 1290, it may therefore be concluded that this payment, made just after the winding-up of the rotular year, is, for convenience sake, taken into it. The name of Caperun or Caperon was not strange to Herefordshire. Hugh Caperon held by serjeantry part of a carucate in the king's manor of Mauw'rthin (Marden,) and half a hide of land in Kingeston, and one Agnes Caperon is recorded as holding by the like tenure, her office being to keep the gate of Hereford Castle at a penny per diem : " habebit singulis diebus Id."' Moreover a Roger de Caperun, probably the person named in the text, was one of the burgesses returned for Ledbury in the Parliament summoned to meet at Westminster ou Sunday next after the feast of Saint Martin, 13 Nov. 23 Ed. I.d 1295. a One Roger de Cantuaria was prebendary of Wellington, and died in 1303. Reg. Swinf. f. 139 b. b Blackstone, Comm. b. iii. c. 4. c Testa de Nevill, p. 72. d Pari. Writs, Sir F. Palgrave, in anno. THE ENDORSEMENT. 127 Expn- fc'e in ||in ift M9catorib3 Sen Lond coi2orantib3 die D°nica px" p9 fin || 16. Romana Curia. . o v " Lpiphie dni/ p manu diii Archidiacon Herefordeii/ x.li. tali odicone ut sui socii in Roman" Cur9 coiSorantes/ soluant. Magro. R. de Pudlesdone pcurator9 diii ibide ad deffensione causaz diii p q"lib3 m"rca/ q'nq"~ginta duos grossos Turonenses. If In lifeato || 16. Expensas factos in Romana curia. One of the great uncorrected disadvantages of the age, to say no more of it, was, that the subjects ofthe king of England were compelled to seek redress in questions ecclesiastical from the decisions of a foreign court, involv ing ruinous expense and inconvenience. Swinfield, in his episcopal capacity, had certain causes pending at Rome, chiefly handed down to him from his predecessor. One of considerable moment and duration between him and the Bishop of Saint Asaph, concerning the boundaries of their respective dioceses, had lately been terminated in a satisfactory manner. Another, and that of a disastrous complexion, devolved upon him as successor of Cantilupe, and was finally lost. No one who has inquired into the Church-history of these times can be unacquainted with the extravagant legal processes of the Roman Court, or the tedious delays by which money was extorted. It was neces sary to have a Roman proctor as well as an advocate in constant pay, and to employ an English proctor to negociate with them and watch the proceedings, keeping up a corre spondence with his employer in England. Hence arose the necessity for frequent re mittances of money by Italian agents, the professional ancestry of our modem occupants of Lombard Street. These merchants, resident in London, (mercatores Senenses,) who furnished such accommodations to travellers as obviated the risk of losses upon the road, belonged in the present case to a firm in Sienna. Branch establishments of this kind, offsets from several of the towns in Lombardy and Italy, had supplanted the Jews in lending money upon interest, and transacting the business of exchange. John de Herte- ford, Archdeacon of Hereford," who was in London about the Epiphany, on the first Sunday after that festival, — Sundays being no impediment to secular occupations, — placed ten pounds in the hands of these merchants, who undertook that their partners at Rome should pay to Richard de Pudlesdone, the Bishop's English proctor there, for every mark contained in the said sum, fifty-two Grossi Turonenses. These were a silver coin struck at Tours and Paris in considerable quantity during the reigns of Saint Louis aud Philip IV., hence called Gros Tournois and Parisis,b and were a general medium of circulation throughout Europe. The money was to be applied to some causes in which the Bishop was defendant, for Swinfield appears upon the whole to have been too much a man of peace to have brought an action, if it could have been avoided, though he had frequently a hand in making up disputes. In this bargain between the archdeacon and the merchants we may recognise a specimen of the rate of exchange. Pudlesdone had held his appointment of proctor at Rome for some years, and passed much of his time there : he grossly misbehaved himself at length in 1291, by violating an oath, which » Reg. Swinf. f. 61, a. et atibi. He died in 1303 ;— Id. f. 139, b. b Roquefort, Glo.s. in voce Tourneuz ; Ducange, v. Moneta. 128 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. Johi nucio arripienti i? suu vsus Rorh Cur9 de Kensynton die Lune px" p9t Octafe Epiphie .xiij.g. iiij.d. Itm in ppacacone fea Johi nuco rone expnaj^ q"s fecit u Cur9 Rom i redeundo .x.g. p? vnam m"rcam pdcam/ i aliam m"rca q"m in Cur9 recepit a Rico de Pudlesdone ||Sm" .xj.li. iij.g. iiij.d. llCustusdomor'. pn \,org[ j. m9emio ad repacom domoz dni Lond/ xiiij.d. ofe. In ||17. clauis/ xj.d. ofe. In .iiij. psepib3 p eq's emp?/ xviij.d. In portaf eozd/ j.d. 6. In stipend carpntar9 c'ca repacom domoz 1 psep/ [i mdacoib3 domoz.1] v.g. iiij.d. ofe. [q".2] In serur9 i clauib} 1 Interlined, but the entry with the sum appears in the commentary below. 2 Inserted. provoked the just displeasure of his master. Documents given in the Appendix (No. IV.) illustrate these proceedings, and shew the method of stating his account, the Bishop's views and instructions for his government, and the application of tbe moneys entrusted to his hands. In July 1289 he had been recalled ; but the suits still lingered, and he returned ; he was, however, sent out again with a fresh commission and a renewed proxy in December 1290; and during that absence his mis conduct took place. In the mean while expenses were constantly incurred by sending messengers to Italy, who performed the whole of the journey for appa rently small pay; John the courier, upon the household establishment, (valletus de ministerio ||43, n.) went to Rome and back for fifty shillings ; but it must not be forgotten that this was equivalent to about thirty-seven pounds ten shillings of modern money. With regard to Foliot the page, who is often before us in the capacity of a common messenger, his employment was chiefly confined to domestic or official errands in this country. The other and last mark '{alia marca,) given by Pudlesdon to John, does not come into the summing up, but may be seen in Pudles- don's account. The auditor, taking it into the reckoning, had entered beneath the whole, in a very small hand, US11, xj.li. xiij.s. iiij.d; but this was afterwards struck out. ||17. Custus domorum Londonice. Cost of the houses or buildings at London; but the term custus here includes lodging as well as repairs. Many of the bishops and abbats who were summoned to Parliament had inns or houses of their own in London, inhabited wholly or in part by them when their presence was required there, and proba bly at other times let out ou condition that the owner should be admitted on payment of a pecuniary remuneration to the tenant upon srfch occasions. The present seems certainly to have been a case of this kind. " On the west side of Old Fish Street Hill," says Stowe," "is the Bishop of Hereford's inne or lodging; an ancient house, and large roomes," "builded of stone and timber, which sometime belonged to the Mount-haunts in Norfolke." " Radulphus de Maydenstone, Bishop of Hereford, about 1234, bought it of the Mount-" " Survey, Lond. 1616, p. 676. THE ENDORSEMENT. 129 emendand/ xviij.d. In ferraih? ncc"is ad hostia/ vij.d. In stipend tegular9 cii. di .M1. tegulaz/ vj.g. ij.d. ofe. In natis p scann9 aule dni Lond/ xiiij.d. In calce. sabulone. cauitt 1 ptag tegula£ ad domos easdem/ xxiij. d. ofe. In .j. psepio long/ xxvij. ped/ ad stabulii. R. de Chigeweft qd fuit p stabulag .xij.d. ofe. In eisd domib3 ihdand/ vj.d. In .j. spong da? in chancy vj.d. In solu- cone fea Rico de Chigeweft p. redi? domoz diii Lond/ vj.g. viij.d. inf" Octafe Epiphie. l|Sm" .xxix.g. iij.d. ofe. q". 1 p_. || If in pauimento fac Lond cont" domos diii vs9 occidente .xiiij. g. || 18. vj.d. ||Sm". p3. llCancellar' [||In life M9catorib3 Lond p manu Thorn1 de Dane inf"" Octafe ||19. Epiphie/ in gtem pecunie q"m Magr9 G. Cancellar9 Her9 fc debuit Hereford' haunts and gave it to the Bishops of Hereford his successors." This is the place in question, let to a tenant Richard de Chigewell, and out of repair. The Bishop went thither, when he was called up at the Octaves of the Epiphany, 1289 ; occupied it with his suite, and, as may be inferred from the text, paid his tenant a compensation At the same time the roof was put in order, the doors were fitted with locks, keys, and bars ; a rack set up for the horses, twenty-seven feet long, in Richard de Chige- well's stable, was reckoned into the account, as rent for stable-room {fuit pro stabu- lagio), the house was cleaned, and mats were provided for the benches in the hall. At the back of the premises, and not in the street, if what Stow has observed of the site be accurate, i. e. on the western side of the house, ||18. a pavement was made. The compensation for lodging the Bishop and his attendants, with fifty-four horses, (See Roll, Jan. 9, 10,) during the better part of a week, was half a mark. By the way, the sixpence that passed in the exchange of a sponge comes in oddly enough ; though after the mention of the stable, it is not so much out of place, as an article in the hostry, where the grooms kept the implements of their craft. In the form of a lease for three years, drawn up in 1311, the Bishop reserves accom modation for himself, as well as his head steward, or. others of his family, both in the house and stabling, whenever it might be wanted. See Appendix No. V. where the situation and character of the premises, particularly as to cellaring, is shewn. || 19. Cancellarius Herefordensis. The first of these entries relative to Gilbert de Swinfield's winter dresses or robes is struck out from the original, and therefore needs no farther observation than that it shews how necessary the money-lenders were to all parties. The firm of Sienna, here and elsewhere alluded to, was that of Jacopo Bra- bason," or Jacobus de Bramasun, as tbe name is given in ||35. In any case the Chan- a Bond, Extr. from Liberate Rolls. Archaaologia, XXVIII. 243. CAMD. soe. s 130 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. p rofe suis hyemalibj. de $. diii .e.g.1] In life de pcepto dni Johi dco de la Lee de Denh"m in ptem. cenf. solidojp eid [defe2] p Cancellar9 Herefordeii rone cui9d composicois seu concordie inite in? eos/ ad fin Sci Barnab9 Apli apd Sugwas/ xx.g. In life eidem Johi de la Lee/ in pacacoem $dcoz cenf sot .Ix.g. de spali p. diii. ||Sm" [.ix.li.3] || If in expn fctis [apd Coleshift4] p manu Th de la Dan $? alias ||20. expii q"s diis [eps6] fec'at ibide .vj.li. xvj.g. v.d. In ppacacoe robaz Cancellar9 in hyeme anno dni .M°.cc°.lxxxviij0 .xix.g. j.d. If in .j. breui Reg1 de Attorn fctis i faciend/ 1 p .j. bfi 1 The whole included between these brackets dashed through with the pen. 2 Inserted. 3 The sum struck out. i Interlined. 5 Inserted. cellor was fain to run in debt for his winter clothing of 1288, and before he went abroad in the course of 1290, a sum was raised for his use about Saint Barnabas day, June 11. Who John de la Lee of Denham was, or what his agreement with Gilbert might be, there are no other evidences to shew. Lee is one of the most ancient families in Shrop shire." The Chancellor and Archdeacon were both sent to France, apparently to qualify themselves for wearing the honours and discharging tbe duties that had devolved upon them from their immature preferment, and were as yet dependent upon their uncle. The sum total of this section is cancelled owing to the omission of the first clause. || 20. As to the Bishop's expenses at Coleshill, or to which of the places of that name in England this is intended to apply, hardly any fair room is left even for conjecture. See, however, Roll, Dec. 9, note c. This affair is nowhere besides hinted at, and may belong to the missing part of the Roll. In prepacacione. Here are the Chancellor's robes again ; and they are paid for pre vious to his leaving England, which, however, did not take place till about September. In j. brevi regis. This king's letter of attorney and licence of protection in his favour while abroad may be explained by the following entry in the Patent Rolls. " Litteras de Attornatu habet Gilbertus de Sminefeld clericus qui de licencia Regis pro- fecturus est ad partes transmarinas sub nominibus Thome de Bertonesham et Petri de la Petite b Herefordensium, per triennium duraturas, preseutibus, &c. Teste Rege apud Rokyngehamc vj. die Septembris."d ¦i Hist, of Shrewsbury, I. 293. b See March 22, note i. c See H53, 57. a Rot. Litt. Pat. in Turri Lond. 18 Ed. I. THE ENDORSEMENT. 131 de ptectoe du. Cancellar9 fuit ex" regnu cu pixide ad eadem .vj.g. ij.d. ||Sm" .xij.li. xx.d. IIP' d'no. J. de ||In solucoe facta M9cator9 de Sen London coi3orantib3 p manu ||21. Thome de la Dane c'ca Pascha .xiij .17 . vj.g. viij.d. Ita ut socii eo^de P'isiis comoran? tanta pecuiam soluent ibide diio. J. de Swynefeud. qd vtiq sic e factum. II Sm" .xiij.li. vj.g. viij.d. ||Sm" hi9 .ij. rotul ex"" .c.xxv.li. xij.g. ij.d. Cam'a. ||In .iij. brach ad saccos panet'e/ viij.d. In emendacoib3 sellaz ||22. de carctis/ colerio^/ i. sellaz somiaz/ ij.g. In lotra pannoz apd Sugwas c'ca fin Sci Luce Ewangle/ iij.g. iiij.d. In coffr de chan- || 21. Pro domino J. de Swinef. John de Swinfield had preceded Gilbert in France, having crossed the channel, as is intimated in || 10, when De la Dane went down to Dover, after Michaelmas, 1289. About Easter De la Dane paid into the hands of the merchants 13/. 6s. Sd. to be remitted for tbe Archdeacon's use at Paris. Subsequently the Bishop sent him letters dimissory reciting, that whereas he had already admitted him to subdeacon's and all the inferior orders, and granted him licence for a season to study in the kingdom of France, but because he could not conveniently return to receive deacon's orders, at his request he had granted him these letters to receive them at the hand of any bishop abroad, his being an archdeacon in tbe church of Hereford notwith standing. (App. No. VI.) Here ends the second membrane or roll. || 22. Camera. Under the head of chamber expenditure varieties come thick upon us, and are continued throughout the nine ensuing sections. They are almost as numerous, though not so imaginative, as those that were presented to Astolpho in his fabled expe dition to the Moon. All matters that could not be brought under fair arrangement find a place here, but are not easily to be sorted. What Kemeseye himself forbore or was unable to do, his editor may be permitted to decline ; such particulars, however, as seem most worthy of attention must be briefly touched upon as they arise ; and there are those that claim a passing notice as connected with the preceding Diary. Some thing like an under-current of time running through this imperfect classification of sub jects has occasioned the crowding together of discordant materials, while the account ant is dodging backwards and forwards, and repeating similar entries in different sec tions. That he has had the course of events partly in his eye is suggested by the occasional insertion of memoranda relative to washing, some of which have dates, and others may be assigned to periods from the places named in them : these shall for the most part be passed over and brought under a collective view hereafter. To begin with a selection from this incongruous heap : — brackets for pantry bags, mending cart and sumpter collars and saddles, washing in October, and a box for the chandlery, have little in common with each other, and still less with the ensuing item of a psalter pro- 132 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. delar9 eindand/ ij.d. In .j. psal?io emp? de $ diii ad opus pueri de Dunr9/ ij.s. vj.d. Itm in remun9acone cui9 dam pag iuuan? in pist'no in autupno i aliis tempib3/ xviij.d. Itm in life gar£6ib3 Gerard i .W. de la Grene de dono dni/ xv.d. In stijmd duo^ car- pentarioz facien? noua manguer9 in stabul apd Bosebur de bord q' ven9unt de Witeborne cu clauis ad ead/ xvij.d. $?/ meng/ car- pen tar . In emdacone minutoz de cama i cord/ ij.d. q". In vided for the use of young Dunr' {pueri de Dunr'). In the year 1284 Sir Walter de Dunr', of Chilston, in the parish of Vowchurch, knight, departed this life, leaving his son Walter, a minor, heir to the estate of Chilston, held under the see of Hereford at one knight's fee. According to feudal usages on such an event, the Bishop put in his claim to tbe wardship and marriage of the son and heir, and of the rest of the sons and daughters in succession, survivors. This was opposed by Sir John Gifford of Clifford ; but, after some litigation and a compromise between the parties, the affair was amicably settled by the payment of a hundred marks to Gifford, and the bishop remained in undisturbed possession of tbe estate and heir. The wardship and marriage he, however, bestowed in 1287 upon his brother Stephen ; but still the boy, as well as his vicarious guardian, was resident under the Bishop's roof, and is frequently mentioned in this document in a way that proves he was entertained by my lord with attention if not with affectionate care. His name is found conjointly with that of Richard, the son of the said Stephen ; they were probably companions, and their boots and shoes were worn out and renewed together, ||28, 51. In one place, ||23, he is styled Walekyn, little Walter, a term of kindness, by which he might have passed in the family during his boyhood ; and tbe gift of a psalter, and a more liberal provision of superior articles of clothing, appropriate to his rank as a gentleman, ||23, 30, 54 b., distinguish him from others. Remunerations and gifts follow, to a helper in the bakehouse at sundry times (Roll, July 17, note b.) and to the servants of Gerard and W. de la Grene (Will of the Green). These two persons bad long held situations of trust under the see. De la Grene was a receiver, keeper of accounts, and transcriber of rent-rolls in Cantilupe's time." Girard de Eugina was bailiff of Prestbury so early as 1275,b and seems to have continued in that office till his death. Both of them were regularly left in charge by commissions in writing, the latter as an auditor of his revenue, when Cantilupe left England in 1280. Much notice is taken of Girard in the Episcopal Register of Swinfield. In 1286 the Bishop granted him and his heirs for ever a messuage and land in Prestbury that had belonged to a neif, on payment of such rent and service as had of old been customarily due; and this was afterwards, in 1289, transferred to his daughter Agnes.c It seems as though he had other property there, which by a formal act of renunciation in the » Eeg. Cant. f. 67, a. b Id. f. 10,b. " Mandatum est Gerardo Ballivo ite Prestebury quod emat sitti/orwam rationabilis pretii ad robam suarn." « Reg. Swinf. ff. 37, b. 60, a. THE ENDORSEMENT. 133 minu? messager / ij.d. 6. In expn9 homiii i equoz in comitiua Rectoz de Ros i Hompton9 ver§ Exon9 an fm Sci Martini feis ? expn eq redeun?/ ij.g. vij.d. 6. In. pgamen9 i incausto empto/ ii1 ibid/ ij.g. ij.d. In .v. clut? i hurt's ad carctas/ vij.d. — ||Sm" .xviij. g. vij.d. q". || In expn de la Dan de Cancia vsq London, i ibidem c'ca ||23. empcoem robaz hiemat spez i alio*, cu expii Johis de Kinges suod i .R. de la Bokland p dies aliq°t i; longe carecte de Bosebyr9 Et et — et ceteris ? presence of witnesses he made over to the Bishop previous to his going abroad, in case his death should take place during his absence ; and this actually occurred while he was upon a visit to his estate in France, at the end of 1290. He left a legacy to Gilbert de Swinfield, Chancellor of Hereford, then in Paris, and a sum of money to the Cathedral of Hereford, pro salute animus suos. See proofs and documents in Appendix No. VII. In one instrument he is styled by Swinfield dilectus nobis in Christo Gyrardus de Vgina ; and his property is described as that which sibi justis modis adquisivit et pos- sidet infeodo maneriorum nostrorum de Prestebur' et Sevenhampton' .*¦ Then there are wages aod board of two carpenters making new mangers at Bosbury with timber brought from Whitborne ; trifles of repairs and errands ; and the more important expenses of Sceluing and De la Dane, the Rectors of Ross and Hampton, on an expedition to Exeter upon some official business. They rode thither and returned in comitiva, with servants on horseback ; and among necessaries procured for their use during their stay are parchment and ink, in pergameno et incausto empto, etc. ibidem, materials for corre sponding with their employer. The following statement may help the reader to deter mine as to the subject of tbeir mission ? The controversy between tbe Dominicans and Franciscans had thrown Exeter into a high state of excitement. Peter Quivil, the Bishop of that diocese, bad pledged his word to the king, at the suit of the Earl of Hereford, that he would confer a favour upon the latter body, which promise, at the instigation of the Dominicans, was set aside, and the parties were now arrayed in hos tility against each other.b Swinfield took great interest in the cause of the Franciscan friars. Comparison of this with other journeys of the rector of Hampton-bishop, admitting that it was performed in November 1289, ante festum Sancti Martini, gives additional proof of his activity ; wherea| Section || 10 shews him engaged in money matters in Kent at the latter end of October, ante festum Omnium Sanctorum. This is not easily reconcileable, but must be taken as it is found. ||23. This section opens with a recital of one of De la Dane's returns to London from Kent, see ||12, when he made his winter marketings of cloths, furs, and spices, which a Reg. Swinf. f. 68, b. b Godwin, in Peter Quivil, Exeter. 134 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. vsq Lond i in reutend vsq Bosebyr9 cG eisdem .Iviij.g. j.d. In exp Thorn1 palefridar9 intenden? c'ca custod biad in autiipno apd Sugwas/ p .vj. ebdomad i .iij. dies/ v.g. iij.d. In diusis messager feis p .j. nuciu .vj.d. In axis, hurt's i ce?is ncc"is ad car°tam/ vij.d. In .j. freno ad aq"nd palefrid/ iiij.d. In minu? ad op9 ffis Thome p Rofem ciicu de Capett/ j.d. ofe. In emdac. chatenay car°te de coq" .ij.d. In carjmt'a p ffem Thom/ iij.d. apd Bosebur9. In messag1 p Folio?/ xj.d. ofe. In emdac. cathenar9 ad lepar9/ ij.d. ofe. In limmone emp? p Deinte cot" Natal/ .iij.s. vij.d. q". In .iiij. were sent into the country by the Bosbury waggon. It throws some light upon a doubt expressed in p. 114, as to whether the goods which on this occasion were put on board some vessel were sent up the river Thames for the convenience of water-carriage to a higher point, whereas it is here expressly affirmed that they were conveyed by land- carriage tbe whole way into Herefordshire— ra;e»-_w.<_b usque Bosebyr' cum eisdem. For six weeks and three days Thomas the groom was detached from the household to attend to the corn at Sugwas in the autumn, when he was allowed for his maintenance 5s. Sd. A similar entry is made at ||46 g. with a trifling difference as to the time and sum. May not the one have reference to the harvest of 1289, the other to that of 1290 ? John and Foliot, the messengers, have also allowances when absent from their master's board — in necessariis ad carectam. The repairs of a cart seem more neces sary than the cost of a watering-bridle for a palfrey, in .j. freno ad aquandum palefri- dum, a refinement in tbe stable department, where a plain hempen halter might be sup posed to have answered every purpose. From the silence of this record upon so useful an article it appears almost questionable whether such halters were regularly employed. At any rate their draught and sumpter-horses seem to have been turned to long racks in an open stable, ||17, and not into separate boxes or stalls. Sir R. C. Hoare" is of opinion that the management of horses at this time was in most respects similar to that in later days. Robert, a clerk of the chapel, ||43 a, paid l$d. for some small matters for the use of friar Thomas ; a circumstance only worthy of notice as it introduces us to a person who will be found to have made himself useful in several ways. He worked at Bosbury as a carpenter, and was probably a Franciscan, for the founder of that order had per mitted manual labour and the exercise of trades to his fraternity, and had set them the example of working with his hands. Thomas is elsewhere, ||29, mentioned as a writer, and he had a substantial presept of clothing, ||6I,h,i,j. The hounds form a striking feature in the establishment, for they did good service ; but those here alluded to were not the stag-hound. Cathenos ad leporarios would be couples for harriers, or perhaps «¦ Hist, of Wilts, Hundred of Mere, p. 20f> THE ENDORSEMENT. 135 vlh tele emp? ad op9 f f is Thorr]/ xx.d. In [vna1] pelli2 1 calciam? p. Watekyno de Dunr9/ ij.g. ix.d. ofe. In repacone vestiu paupu/ v.d. ||Sm" .lxxiiij.g. xj.d. q". ||I't in expn9 nuc ex" dom .iij.d. q". In .j. brach ad sacc car2a/ ||24. (sic) iij.d. In .iiij. clut? ad carctam de cama/ vj.d. In stipend cui9d hois carian? arenam an hostiu aule de Bosebur9 p dece/ sep? c'ca/ fm/ Natiui? fei Joh Bapte/ xij.d. In stip hois iuuan? ad plantand corulos i plantui alias/ [apd Bosebur92] vj.d. In .j. forur" i di de ventr9 cunicloz ad tabard diii Witi Crocear9 de secta diii .ij.g. viij.d. In lot'a panno^ apd Bosebur9 c'ca fin Or2iu Scof i fere usq Natal dhi/ vj.g. viij.d. In nuco quod fco p Sutton9 verg Glouc: .j.d. In remun acone scdo fea Thome Marescatl de Bosebur9 p labore suo in curando eq' diiisos dni/ ij.g. In .j. serr"ad tuncos i aliasecand .xviij.d. In curialita? fea Kolino nup pag de cama q' recessit/ de 1 Inserted. s Interlined. links or slips for greyhounds, for leporarius seems indiscriminately employed. It is remarkable, too, that little is said of the hare or of hunting it, and the fox seems to have been chased rather for destruction than sport. My lord's money is applied to a great variety of purposes. Young Dunr' has a new dress and shoes, and some paupers have their garments repaired. ||24. The first particular that suggests an observation is, In stipendio cujusdam homi- nis cariantis arenam. It was an old custom to strew fine sand in the house on extra ordinary occasions," but here an individual is employed for ten weeks in sanding the front of the hall at Bosbury. It was done at the driest season, in Midsummer, when the Bishop was absent, and must have been for a permanent purpose, to form an approach. The soil at Bosbury and throughout that neighbourhood is clayey and slippery in winter, and an area of this kind before the hall door would be a convenience almost amounting to a luxury when the autumnal rains set in. For the whole of this trouble the labourer only received the less than moderate compensation of one shilling. Another workman was helping to plant hazels or filberts and shrubs of smaller kinds, corulos et plantulas alias, at the same place, and of course at a different season ; but all this comes under the head of little improvements at one of the Bishop's most favourite residences. The equipment of Sir William Crocearius, the episcopal crozier-bearer, an indispensable attendant upon official occasions, brings him graphically » Rot. Litt. Claus. p. 95. 136 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. gra/ xij.d. I' linea tel i lintbeamib3 emp? ad camam/ ij.g. iij.d. In .ij. cor9 bou correand i dealband .xx.d. It in .ij. cor9 eq'nis dealband/ xv.d. In messag p Folio?/ iiij.d. 6. ||Sm"/ xxj.g. xj.d. ofe. q". || In .iiij. fren9 .ij. pib3 habenaz/ iiij.g. In .vj. tel ad cinglas ||25. eq .xij. pusculis [somiis1] ad sr cinglas .x. puscut somiis .iiij. puscut ad palefridar9/ iij.g. xj.d. ofe. Tn eihdacoe selle diii i sett somiaz/ vij.d. In .v. st9gilib3 .xv.d. In .j. chaten" ad lepar / iiij.d. In diusis emdacoib3 carcte de cama p. J. carctar / vj.d. ofe. In expn .j. nucii eun? Rading in negoc diii i redeun? apd Pres tebur .xvj.d. In/ iij. vlh .j. q"r de nigro russe? ad op9 cui9d psbi?i ceci apd Brom3ord/ iij.g. iij.d. In .iij. viii 1 di russet ad op9 pag de coq" .iiij.g. iiij.d. ofe. In .vj. vlh. russet vnde Hardi feuit .iij. vin i di 1 residuu life fuit ad hucias eq/ vj.g. In lotra pannoz apd Prestebyr . In festo Natal diii/ xij.d. In oblac6ib3 dni i 1 Dashed through. to our view dressed in an appropriate tabard of my lord's livery, decorated with the delicate, but not very expensive, fur of conies' bellies. Unconnected varieties of washing, messages, attendance upon sick horses, a saw for slitting sticks of timber, a gift to Kolin, sometime a page, but not on the list of the present year, linen and sheets for chamber use, and the tanning and bleaching of neat and horse skins, form the remaining items of this section. || 25. The wear and tear ofthe stable and road meet us in many ways, but must not challenge minute examination. The articles here enumerated seem referable to the principal London journey, for they are linked with the costs of a messenger who went from Prestbury to Reading, and returned upon my lord's business ; this would have happened in the latter part of December. Prestbury, Reading, and London, with other places on the way, again occur within a few lines. A pleasing deed of charity peeps out and sparkles from amidst the dull mass. Three yards and a quarter of dark (nigro) russet are bestowed upon a poor blind priest at Bromyard. A boy or boys in the kitchen had stuff of the same quality ; so had young Hardy, a page, ||45, f. who was in attendance upon the huntsman, ||65, g. and quitted the service. This stuff was, how ever, no better than a horse-cloth as to texture, for after the requisite quantity was cut off for Hardy, the remainder was appropriated ad hucias equorum. But, in spite of this, had he been serving the then costly Bishop of Durham, he might have been clad like a prince. (See p. 113.) Once more, in oblacionibus domini et familias, we have offerings THE ENDORSEMENT. 137 familie die Natal diii/1 In emendacoib} sellaz de carec?. apd Rading/ xiiij.d. ofe. In lotur" pannoz apd Rading1/ viij.d. ofe. q". In diusis niiciis feis p Ffolio?/ London9/ xiij.d. In curiali? fea hoib3 q'b3dam apd Borewardesco? iux" Lecchelod/ xiij.d. || Sm"/ xxx.g. viij.d. ofe. q". || In life cuidam paupi ctico ad vna tunicam cosuend i cuida alii ||26. garcoi/ iiij.d. In lotur" pano£ (sic) apd Bedefon?/ vj.d. In lotra pannoz London/ ix.d. In .ij. sacc fortib3 ad marescalc/ xvj.d. In .iiij. chalonib3 emp? p hospitib3/ xij.g. In .ix. manu?giis .ix.g. % demapp' et life ad camam. In .j. sacko ad mappas de panet'a/ v.g. In di vlh cendatt ad camam/ iij.d. ofe. In .j. pi botaz p dhoj ij.g. ij.d. In 1 Sum omitted. on Christmas day, as in p. 121, but these were for the Bishop and his family at Prest bury. If in this respect he was attentive in discharging the dues of temporary depend ents at a distance, he would of course pay no less regard to those who were about his person. It has been already remarked that it was usual for people of distinction to offer for those around them : repeated instances of this custom are found in the house hold books of the reigning king for the present year ; the oblations were sometimes, if not commonly, distributed upon the spot to the by-standing poor." In curialitate. To the preceding notices of the expedition up to Loudon is now to be added a fact relative to the return. An accident happened at Buscot near Lechlade, by which one of the carts was upset (see Roll, Jan. 24, 28) ; and this curialitas is a present to some persons who assisted in setting it upright. The chronology of this section obscurely ranges at least from the 25th of Dec, when the offerings were made, to the 24th of Jan. when the accident occurred. || 26. Cuidam pauperi clerico. Our attention is here directed to a clerk, either in or out of orders, so poor that he had not wherewithal to procure the making or mending of his tunic: dependency is characteristic of these lordly times, and the indigent looked to spontaneous kindness rather than parochial relief. The mention of Bedfont and London points to the journey to the court, as afterwards the references to Kensington and Earley indicate the return of my lord's party into the country. In .iiij. chalonibus. Charity and hospitality go together ; and provision is made for the comfort of the guests in coverlids and chamber-towels. As no rule of arrangement obtains in this part any more than in others, we fall in suddenly with my lord's boots and shoes, and a pair of boots » Household book, 18 Ed. I. Mar. 19, 23. CAMD. SOC. T 138 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. .ij. pib3 caligaz ad op9 eiusde/ ij.g. viij.d. In .j. pi botaz ad op Thor3 de Dane/ xxij.d. It p sc'ptur" pticlaz ThoiS de la Dan Lond p vices/ xij.d. In. messag1 p Folio?/ vers9 epm Karleoii/ iij.d. ofe. In lotur" pannoz apd Kensinton/ j.d. In roche? dni osuend .j.d. ofe. In/ vij. capistr9 de pp'o coreo faciend/ v.d. In lotur" pannoz apd Arleye .xv.d. In q'b3dam minu? 1 obli? p for the use of De la Dane ; but a little hint is thrown out that bears, according as it is interpreted, either upon the want of time or attainments of the latter. If the reading of the passage pro scriptura pariicularum per vices be applied to his want of common scholarship, it will signify that though he was a beneficed clerk, and engaged in such a variety of useful offices, he was unable to reduce his own accounts to writing, and that he_ employed another to make them out. Yet such was his precision that he would not suffer a sum of two pence, laid out for small items that bad slipped his memory, in qui busdam minulis et oblilis, to go unrecorded. This at least has an air of trustworthiness that seems to justify his master's confidence in him.' It may not be unfair to incline to the opinion of his inability. What are now necessary acquirements were at a low ebb. That he was no accountant would be no bar to his usefulness, nor any disparagement to him in his clerical capacity, when, according to the testimony of a high contemporary authority, all matters connected with education were in arrear, and at the university of Oxford itself learning was very lame and imperfect." Foliot, tbe courier, is the bearer of a message from my Lord of Hereford to the Bishop of Carlisle. He was John de Hatton, who was consecrated in 1288, and sat 22 years.b Inrocheto domini consuendo. Little notice is taken of episcopal robes; but an accident, it is presumed, to *¦ part of them, about or after a washing-day at Kensington, required the help of a tailor or sempstress, who mended a rochet at the moderate charge of three halfpence. The stock of rochets was, however, nearly exhausted, as will be seen hereafter from materials bought for new ones. See 1)59 i. These and surplices were made of fine Aylsham cloth. De proprio coreo is a specimen of economical management in causing head-stalls or halters to be manufactured out of the hides of their own cattle. Cuppa domini. Among the embellishments of the household we must not be surprised to meet with silver plate. It may be assumed that my Lord's cupboard was not unprovided with this decoration ; and, indeed, a silver pitcher and cup are particularly instanced as his property in his public acts.0 Another cup, and several articles more in silver were bought at Hereford in this year. He had also a favourite one for his private use, de ft Roger Bacon in Ant. k Wood, i. 274, 294, et seq. b Godwin in Carlisle. £ Reg. Swinf. f. 116, b. unum pickerum argenteum, et ttnam euppam argenteam. THE ENDORSEMENT. 139 Thom de Dane/ ij.d. ofe. In cuppa dni diii (sic) de quo (sic) bibit freqn? emend London .iiij.g. vj.d. p manii .S. ffis dni. ||Sm"/ xliij.g. ix.d. ]| Ite in life cuidam gareoni dni Afefeis Rading reutenti de P ste- ||27. bur cii t'b3 eq's diio mutuatis/ p eoz expn i curialita? feta garcoi .xvij.d. I? Willo carectar9 de Sugwas p magno labore suo que sustinuit seqndo dnm p vices .ij.s. iiij.d. vna cu expn suis i equoz reuten? de P stebur ad Sugwas. Itm in emendacone selle somar9 de coq"/ iij.d. In .iij. pib3 t"ctuu ad curta carctam/ xviij.d. In .j. corda gross ad carcta/ xij.d. In emdacoe sellaz de carc?/ iiij.d. In axib3 ad carctas/ i clut? ad ilia de coq"/ xxij.d. In q'b3d minu? ad maz/ ij.d. ofe. In emendacone frenoz/ sellaz somiaz i aliaz cu/ vj. tet cinglaz/ xxiij. d.* quo bibit frequenter. It was out of order, and while they were in London his brother Stephen took it to be repaired. The writer of Cantilupe's Life relates an anecdote of some such vessel, which contained wine, and was kept in Swinfield's chamber during a severe fit of sickness. When he was in extreme agony his attendant Deynte (||42, d. 48. 62, d.) being warned, as is asserted, in his sleep to take a relic in his possession of one of the thumb-bones of Cantilupe, wash it in the wine, and give a dose thereof to his master, with some reluctance obeyed. Such was the effect, as that writer gravely contends, that it not only relieved the sufferer immediately, but averted any subsequent attack of the stone for a whole year. The story is worked up at some length ; and this is exhibited among the miracles of Thomas of Hereford." |[27. Garcioni Abbatis Rading' . When the family came back from London in the winter of 1289, instead of taking up their quarters, as they had done when they went up, at Reading, they stopped short at Earley Court. Their cavalcade then consisted of 40 horses, more or less (see Roll, Jan. 20, et seq.), but they had a stiff country to cross, and were indebted to the Abbat of Reading for the loan of a servant and three horses to help them through it. These were returned on their arrival at Prestbury, with all expenses paid, and a gratuity to the young man. No one whose help was temporarily obtained from the service of another employer, not even the servants taken from his own manors, whenever their assistance was required, went unrewarded. William, a carter of Sugwas, who appears to have been spared by the bailiff of that manor to attend upon the Bishop, is an instance. His name is nowhere found on the rolls of domestics, but he is mentioned with approbation here and at ||49. He was brought from the work a Life and Crests, c. 20, p. 250, et seq. He calls the vessel a silver cruett. NO HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. In oblacoib3 dni % familie die Natat dni/ iiij.g. j.d. In .j. duodeh i. di. puaz pelliculaz pgamen/ xx.d. In exp var9 feis p Folio? verg Rading1 1 alias ptes/ xvj d. In fcura .j. caretilt ad longam carctam carSe/ ij.s/ iij.d. apd Ledebur9. In .j. cathen" i .j. axe ad carctam de coq"/ ix.d. In .iiij. li. burr9/ ij.d. l|Sm"/ xxj.g. ofe. ||Itm in vna cinfla de coreo/ i sella somar9 coq'ne emendand/ ||28. viij.d. In lotur" pannoz apd Prestebur9 p .j. ihsem/ iij.g. ix d. In exp Foliot9 q'ren? Magrm Johem Gyreberd/ xiiij.d. In solucoe fea hoi Harpin9 p indumen? i stijmd in seyson" pdric/ v.g. j.d. In life cuida carbonar9 Bosebur9 seq dniS Lond/ i redeun?/ xij.d. on that farm, and went with the short cart on various expeditions, and on the visita tions, and was also hurt in the service. He was sent home when they reached Prest bury. In oblacionibus. This is a repetition of the entry respecting the Christmas offerings for the Bishop and his family, which is to be seen in ||25 : the sum of 4*. Id. omitted there is here supplied. In .j. duodena et dimidiaparvarum pellicularum. One dozen and a half of small skins of parchment, such as those which form our present roll, cost 20c.. .j. caretilli ad longam carectam. An appendage to the long cart or waggon. The word caretillus or carratellus is not explained in any glossary in a sense which is applicable to tbe use which is here pointed out. Cadus, dolium, seria* do not satisfactorily agree with it. Our English word lilt, which seems involved in it, may, perhaps, without much hazard, be admitted to explain it. || 28. Lotura pannorum. If the washing done at Prestbury be understood to be that of the whole household, they could not be very liberally provided with clean linen at the rate of Zs. 9d. per month ; but the greater part of them could not aspire to this luxury. And here we ascertain a point of chronology which helps us in clearing up the next entry. They staid a whole month at the above place, and removed to Ledbury ou Feb. 23, preparatory to the commencement of a visitation. But before they set out tbe Bishop despatched Foliot to bring Master John Gyreberd, a physician, whose visit took place on the 2nd of March. (||33.) Homini Harpini. While they were at Ledbury Harpin the fowler's accounts seem to have been settled. In the last partridge season he had employed a helper, who received pay and clothing. The birds were taken by netting (see Roll, Nov. 1), and as nets are easily put out of order, and require renewal, and as he had a boy besides, these minute charges find their place here. In .xiij. pelli- bus. An opinion expressed in p. 135, that foxhunting might be followed rather for the destruction ofthe animal than the pleasure of the chase, is not weakened, if it be not confirmed, by the dressing of thirteen skins. Cuidam carbonario. It is well that we a Gloss. Nov. Carpentier. THE ENDORSEMENT. 141 In .j. corda i filo ad reth Harpin9 cii exj3 cui9d garS/ vj.d. In vno forc?o ad thorch de carna faciend/ v.d. — In lotur" pannoz apd Ledebur9/ xv.d. In .xiij. pelt wlpih conreand/ vj.d. In calig1 i sotular9 emp? ad op9 Rici filii Stephi i Wal?i de Dunr9 p/ R. de Furch/ xiiij.d. In emendacone herne^ carctaz/ ij.d. In vncto i cepo ad car°tas p. J. carctar9/ ij.g/ iij.d. In emdac .j. dorsar9 p eund .j.d. o. In .j. barg ad sellam somiam coq'ne/ xx.d. In exp Folio? ex" dom/ j.d. In/ cinglis puscut/ ij. capistr9 emdacone cui9d selle somar9/ ij.s. v.d. ||Sm" .xxij.g. ij.d. ofe. 1 1 In .j. magno capistr9 ad eq ligand/ iiij. planch .j. pi pincurs .ij. ||29 a. pu m"rtelt ad ferrand eq/ x.d. ofe. In lotur" pannoz de panet'a apd Wolaston9/ vij.d. ofe. In quodam ferr9 ad faciend hostias/ xijd ad op9 dni. In lotur" pannoz apd Ros/ xiij.d. Itm cuida arejnot compelled to divine what a cbarcoal-burner of Bosbury could have to do, or was paid for doing, when he followed my lord to London and back. Robert Calewe pre pared charcoal at Bosbury, but that was against a brewing. (See Roll, Dec. 22.) Ad thorchiam de camera. A contrivance for holding a torch in the chamber (of my lord?) is, perhaps, assignable to the state of his health, which called for the advice of his phy sician wliile he was at Ledbury.- Robert de Furches, the bailiff of that manor, who paid the shoe-maker for articles furnished to the two youths Dunr' and Richard the son of Stephen, was a man of property. In 1287 he bought an estate atBrockhampton, together with the advowson of the chapel, and was owner of land in the parish of Cradley." The remainder of this section is chiefly taken up with repairs of carts and harness, only so far important that the Bishop in his migrations could not stir unless they were kept in order. As to the undefined shiftings of Foliot from place to place, they are hardly worth notice, when he is so frequently moving about, but we know not where. || 29. Among necessaries for the forge it is observable that a strong head-stall or halter was as requisite then for a farrier as it is now. Swinfield may here be traced on his visitation to the south-eastern part of his diocese as far as Wollastone, afterwards to Ross, Sugwas, and Lugwardine ; at all of which places, by reference to the Roll, he will appear to have been during the month of March. He was in the latter parish on Maundy Thursday, die Cosnas, March 30, when, in commemoration of the Lord's Supper, and allusion to those who were present on that sacred occasion, he distributed a Keg. Swinf. ff. 5, a. 33, b. 40, a. 142 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. pag1 de Bosebur9 q' 1.uiuit p mltu. temp9 vj.d. Itm cuidam alii forciori p id tep9/ xijd/ In incausto 1 q'brf aliis ad op9 fris Thorn1/ ij.d. ofe. In lotur" pannoz apd Sugwas/ aii Pascfe/ xviij.d. In .xx. clut? ad car0? cu clau .ij. hurt's .ij.g. ix.d. In emda2 sella^ i frenoz/ vij.d. In .j. pelui religand/ iiij.d. In life/ xiij. paupib3 die cen9 apd Lugward .xiij.d. In .ij. fret? ad carctam came/ iiij.d. In exp senescatt de Colewett usq dnm Rege apd Wodestok' vij.g. iiij.d. In lotur" pannoz apd Colewett/ c'ca Pascfe/ xviij.d. In curialita? dni da? Hard pag1 ad vnu lintheam/ xij.d. || In/ vj. vin9 1 di canafe ad coq"m emp? g Baity xvj.d. ofe. b. || Sm" xxiij. g. j.d. ||In lotur" panet'e apd. Credet 1 alib9 p vias/ iij.d. ofe. In expn9 ||30. Rogi garcorl Stephi eun? Oxon9 ad Thorn de Dane i redeun? usq alms to thirteen poor. Cuidam pagio. It might bethought that there were servants enough in every department of this numerous household to do the work of it. But occasional helpers were wanted : here are two of them, and here is their pay. They both served au equally long time ; one received sixpence, the other a shilling. The pre cision of this article is significant, though it be but trifling. The paymaster deems it right to put upon record a justification of the difference observed between them. The Bosbury boy does not seem to have been proporfc'^nably rewarded at half of that which the other obtained, but then this was the strortjjpof theJtwo. Thomas, already entered as a carpenter in ||23, appears as a writer, 'ETindeed, he be the same frater Thomas. It has been remarked" that the term frater, when used respecting monks, signifies brother ; in other places friar, and probably in most of the instances that occur in this document.— /re .j. pelvi religanda, is the hooping of a wooden vessel. In expensis senescalli. Sir William de Mortuomari, one of the noble family of the Mortimers of Wigmore or of Richard's Castle ; there were contemporary Williams in both of them ;b he was seneschal or high-steward, and chief of the dependants of tbe household. So honourable was his office that he was his employer's representative when any special message or application to the sovereign was required. See ||58. The purpose of his present journey is not disclosed. He would have found his majesty at Woodstock on any day between the first and tenth of April, 1289.° The Bishop was at Colwall during that time. Hardy, the young huntsman, has been mentioned before. See p. 136. ||30. Still we are in April and May. The Bishop was at Bromyard on April 11 ; De a Hist. Shrewsb. Blakeway and Owen, from Peck, II. 441. b Dugdale, Baron, i. 143, col. a ; 153, col. a. " Lib. Hosp. in Turr. Lond. 18 Ed. I. THE ENDORSEMENT. 143 Brom3ord/ viij.d. In lotur" pannoz apd Kinlet/ ix.d. In emda- cone sellaz somiaz/ xj.d. ofe. In lotur" pannoz c'ca festu Sci M"rtii/ v.d. ofe. In .j. sporta de virg1 ad etam/ iiij.d. ofe. In lot'a pannoz apd Stok' Lacy/ iij.d. In expn9 Folio? ptan? var9 Iras dni an Ascenconi/ iiij.d. ofe. In diusis ncc"is ad carctas/ iiij.d. In lotur" pannoz/ c'ca fm Sci Jofe an P'ta Latin .ix.d. q". p vias. In roba Wal?i de Dunr ppand calig i sotular9 ad op9 ei9de/ xv.d. In gumm i virid er9/ vij.d. In lithm/ xiiij.d, ofe. In tris diii ptand Oxon c'ca T'nitate p Folio?/ v.d. |)Sm" viij.g. viij.d. q". IIDona. || In life Geruas nunco de dono/ vj.d. Itm Wal?o de Scorene ||31. Ia Dane at Oxford in May. Sporta de virgis ad eleemosynam is an alms-basket of twigs, to be carried about by tbe eleemosynary on days when my lord was travelling, to dis tribute to the poor by the way. Gum and copperas, materials for making ink, are now purchased instead of ink itself. Foliot was in full activity during this month : Trinity Sunday fell on the 28th of May. || 31. Dona. Having so far gathered up the fragments of incidental expenses to about the end of May 1290, transition is now made for the five ensuing sections to a more connected subject. Gifts have incidentally been placed to account, but in this part they form the material of the record, by which it will be seen how this open-handed Bishop dispersed abroad.— — Nuncio. Gervase, a messenger, is the first recipient named, and the sixpence of those times is not the meanest of gifts. The facilities of modern corre spondence being in the age of Swinfield not so much as thought of, not only the privi lege of writing, but of sending letters, was confined comparatively to few. Messengers formed a class of retainers in all families of consequence, and the journeys that some of them took, apparently with a single despatch, may convey to our notions an extravagant expenditure of money, toil, and time. The King had thirteen on his list this year. In the Countess of Leicester's a service were several, whose real names were sunk in titles ridiculously descriptive of their qualities. Slingaway the learned editor of her House hold Roll has pointed out : he might have added Gobithestie (Go a bit hasty), and Bolett (bullet), so denominated from their speed; and Treubodie {true body) from his fidelity. These were all couriers. One of them went down from Hampshire with a letter to Cardiff in South Wales. b Of course, except in case$ of extreme haste, they might be permitted to call for the delivery of other letters by the road, at any rate to carry others than those of their employer to their journey's end. (See ||35.) This would be a source of emolu ment ; and then they were always sure of hospitality and a reward from the parties to whom they were sent, which made up for their seemingly scanty allowances upon travel, a Rot. de denariis, etc. 18 Ed. I. Carlton Ride. b Manners and Household Expenses, pp. Iiii. 24. 144 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. nepoti diii de dono/ vj.g. viij.d. Itm garcoi suo/ vj.d. vidj ut'q mse Octobr9. Itm. Baudet nunco dni London/ de dono/ ij.g. Itm pag1 suo/ vj.d. Itm cuida nuco de garderob9 diii Reg / vj.d. such as will presently be shewn. But a different person must next be attended to, Walter de Scorene, another nephew of my Lord. The Bishop has a multitude of kins folk and countrymen, who crowd about him and share his favours. This is one on the female side, who has not hitherto made his appearance, and, having once done so, will do it no more. With some pretensions to the character of a gentleman, as travelling with an attendant, he had as little objection to receive half a mark from his uncle, as his page had to receive sixpence. The visit was paid in October 1289, and it will assist the reader in looking over the particulars of this section, to bear in mind that it goes back to the period of the commencement of the Roll. With this in view we may return to the messengers. Baudet nuncio domini London'. Cuidam nuncio de garderoba domini Regis. Two bearers of official messages, one from a brother bishop, another from the king. Several parliaments were held during the year 1289. Much obscurity attends upon the history of them :a some as to time, more as to proceedings. Tbe first after the return of Edward from France took place at Christmas (post natale Domini), aud at or about the time of its opening a congregation of bishops was summoned at which Swinfield attended. (See Roll, Jan. 7, et seq. Dors. ||12). Certain prelates of tbe province of Canterbury constituted a body that took a collegiate or cathedral form. The archbishop at their head was bishop of it, the Bishop of London dean, and those of Winchester, Lincoln, Salisbury, Worcester, and Rochester held other offices. In a constitution of Archbishop Boniface, b the Bishop of London is so named, upon wliich Lyndwood gives the following gloss. " Habet episcopus Cantuariensis in Collegia episcoporum Episcopos, Londinensem Decanum, Wintoniensem Cancellarium, Lincolni- ensem Vicecancellarium, Sarisburiensem Proscentorem, Wigomiensem Capellanum, Rqffensem Cruciferarium.'" In his decanal capacity the Bishop of London was often employed as the channel of transmitting his superior's commands, and such seems to have been the fact in this instance. The royal summons to the greater council of the nation immediately follows. Baudet must have travelled with two horses, for he had a page to wait upon him, who finds as mucb favour as the messenger of the crown. Is not something like partiality to his order discoverable from comparison of the Bishop's gifts? On another occasion, || 32, however, he received but half the sum. This was when he only waited upon him at Kensington. The out-of-door (extra curiam) allow ances of king's messengers are placed upon the wardrobe accounts, and, set against the distances some of them had to traverse, appear small. It was a rambling life, with which many are best pleased, but exposed to elements and dangers, and evidently they got their earnings hard. Two pence and three pence per diem was the usual allow- a Palgrave, Pari. Writs, I. 14. b ann# 1258. c Provinc: Gul. Lyndwood, fol. Oxon. 1679, 1. 5, tit. 15, p. 317, e. THE ENDORSEMENT. 145 In lifea? p manii Thorn de la Dane ad p'ncipm ffis Rofei de Brom yard Oxon in c"stio Sci Andr9 .xx.g. In life marescallo diii Afefeis Glouc presentanti diio .j. palefrid .iij.g. In palefridario suo ance. " Hobbekin of Wyndesor " carried letters under the great seal to Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester, Salop, and Stafford, and received for thirteen days 2s. 2d. Geoffrey, a Welshman, travelled through the same counties and that of Oxford in addition, upon the same errand, and had for his expenses going and returning 2s. William de Ledbury at the same cost visited the sheriffs of Worcester, Gloucester, Hereford, Oxon, Berks, Salop, and Stafford." If all of this were done in person, with every allowance for the difference of value in money, they surely could not be over-paid. Every messenger had a box for his letters (||32, 51). In passing from place to place he claimed a right of road wherever he chose to go, even though it were through standing corn. Piers Ploughman's description, in his comparison between the travelling of the merchant and the courier drawn in the next century, is spirited and characteristic : Thauh i> messager make hus wey a myde b whete Wole no wys man wroth be . ne hus wed take Ys non haiwarde yhote hus wed for to take. Necessitas non habet legem. If the messenger were to shorten his way by riding through a field of wheat, no wise man would be angry, nor seize any part of his clothes for trespass. In this case no hayward has orders to make such a seizure. Again, Ac yf J? marchaunt make hus way overe menne corne And b haywarde happe with hym for to mete Obr hus hatt o_>r hus hed (hood) opere elles hys gloves The merchaunt mot for go ob* money of huse porce. The marchaunt with hus marchaundise may not go so swythe (swift) As be messager may . ne with so mocbel ese For bat on bereb bote a boxe . a bervet br ynne b messager is murye . hus mouthe ful of songes And leyveth (believeth) for hus letters . bat no wight wol hym greve.b The office of the hayward was to guard the grass and corn, lest any traveller should ride over it. The French Garde du pays has a like office. Ad principium fralris Roberli de Bromyard, Oxoniee. A friar of this name, probably patronised by the Bishop, and furnished with money to pay for tbe commencement of his scholastic exer- » Rotul. Nunciorum, 17, 18 Ed. I. Carlton Ride. b Langland, Wbitaker, 4to. 1813, Passus feextus Visio. CAMD. SOC. 146" HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. tnc apd Bosebur9 .ij.g. H cuidam q' jJsentauit diio vnii eqiim ex pte diii p'oris de Newent .xij.d. Itm duobj garcoil>3 cuidam monach de Tin?ne psentan? dno .j. palefridu apd Bosebur9/ xviij.d. Itm cuidam garcoi dni Afefeis [Gloucestr91] |)sentan? dno vna cu dco max ?cdm eq/ p'mo restitute diio Afefei/ xij.d. Itm nunco diii Decani Herefordeii apd Bosebur9/ vj.d. Itm garcoi verrator Hereford/ ij.d. Itm cuida paupi scolar9 apd Ledebur9 de dono dni die M"r? px1" an fin Sci Thoni Apli/ iij.g. In life Rogo ballo dni Reg9 in ptib; Prestebur9 .xij.d. In someone fea Wfto vigili q' re- Inserted. cises, or obtain his degree at Oxford, sent by the hand of De la Dane.- Presentanti domino unum palefridum. These notices of many presents of horses, with the gratuities to the grooms that brought tbem, proclaim the interest that the Bishop's friends took in his being comfortably mounted. There is reason to believe that his horse was sick, (see Roll, p. 85,) and that from his own ailment he would be particular as to what he rode. Several attempts were made to find a palfrey for him. Two were sent to him by tbe Abbat of Gloucester : one of them he returned. Among others the prior of Newent and a monk of Tintern, each presented him with one. That from the prior might not have been a saddle-horse. None of these, if we infer aright, suited him. It is to be hoped that he met with a good one when he purchased the bay horse that had belonged to the late Sir Gilbert le Sauvage. (||47 a.) Nuncio domini Decani Herefordensis. The present dean was John de Aquablanca, nephew of Peter de Aquablanca, sometime Bishop of this see. He bad a long dispute for the deanery with Giles de Avenbury, in the course of which each of them was removed from that office to make room for the other. Giles, the first in possession, was displaced in 1271 to make room for John, who in his turn was compelled to give way to his adversary ; but upon the death of De Avenbury, about 1281, De Aquablanca again came in,, and died in 1320.a Garcioni verratori Here- fordios. This incidental reward of two pence to a street-sweeper in Hereford might have occurred during one of the Bishop's occasional visits to the city, where he does not seem to have been ever resident during this year. Pauperi scolari. His kind notice of a poor student at Ledbury, on the Tuesday before the feast of Saint Thomas the Apostle, is to be assigned to the day on which he left that place to take up his quarters for awhile at Prestbury (see Roll, Dec. 20), where in the next article we find him rewarding a servant of the crown. Vigili. William the watchman is not placed upon the household list of 1289-1290, yet, on bis quitting the service, he is thus noted as having been engaged for wages. His office does not necessarily imply the habitual Willis, MS. Coll. Bibl. Bodl. , . 47, unfoliated. THE ENDORSEMENT. 147 cessit tam de dono q"m stipend/ ij.g. Itm da? Jenkino de Castell de dono/ ij.d. Itm Hug9 cithariste dni Afefeis Radig9/ xij.d. ||Sm"/xlvij.g. ||ltm in curialita? fea car9 Rading9 reutentib3 de Bedefont usq [[32. Rading / vj.d. Itm garcoi Gerard venien? de ptib3 t"nsmarin i ptanti iras dho .vj.d. Itm frib3 pdicatorib3 Lond de dono dni inf" insecurity of any of the episcopal residences, though cautionary measures were taken at Whitborne by providing locks for tbe chamber doors (||49); and the country throughout, after the protracted absence of the king in France, can hardly be concluded to have been in a very satisfactory state. It is, however, most probable that the vigil in this case was one set to watch the baggage by night when the family were moving about, as in the Roll of 28 Ed. T. denariis datis diversis hominibus vigilantibus circa hernesium custodiendum apud Swynflet per unam noctem."- In another Roll b the word vigil' is found among a number of players on different instruments, where it may, perhaps, signify the waits ? Citharistos domini Abbatis Rading'. Churchmen of that age, of whose public services music formed so essential a part, were not averse to festive min strelsy, and retained its professors in their pay. This was a time in which great patron age was extended to every description of performers on instruments of wind or string. But the harp was ever a favourite in this country, and its notes were heard within the abbey as well as in the baronial hall. The Abbat of Abingdon, like that of Reading and others, had a domestic harper ; so had the Bishop of Durham, and great numbers of the nobility. Grosteste the Bishop of Lincoln's love for this kind of music is well known. He lovede moche to here the harpe, Next hys chamber, besyde bis study, His harpers chambre was fast the by. Many tymes, by nightes and dayes, He had solace of notes and layes.c ||32. The beginning and close of this section relate to the London expedition, when he dismissed the Reading carters who had helped him onward to Bedfont, with a pecu niary acknowledgment for their services, Jan. 4, and in the same manner, on his leaving the place, took leave of the bailiff of Bedfont, who had probably assisted him in pro curing supplies for his retinue. (See Roll, p. 38, note d.) The intermediate items belong chiefly to his stay in the metropolis. Gerard is Gerard de Eugina, bailiff of Prestbury, already noticed ||22. Messengers, harpers, jugglers, and minstrels share his a Lii). Quotid. Contrarot. Garderorjse, Topham, p. 60. b Manners and Household Expenses, p. 141, et seq. » Warton, Hist, of Engl. Poetry, I. p. 61. 148 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. octafe Epiphie/ xx.g. Itm .iij. menest"tt London9 [Y] .ij. nu2/ Reg9/ ij.g. Itm/ nGciis dni Reg9 t aliis vid3. duodeci/ xj.g. vj.d. Itm frib3 minora^/ Lond/ inf" octafe Epiphie de dono dni/ xx.g. Itm/ Benetto violatori/ Lond/ iij.g. Itm cithariste dni Radi Pippard/ ij.g. Itm Rico oblator9 de Oxon/ ij.g. Itm aliis waf- 1 Inserted. bounty with Dominican friars and Minorites.. Violatori. The viol was an instrument to which, if it were not in such general favour as it has since obtained, the musical ears of that century delighted to listen. His majesty had one of these performers in his band whose name bears an Italian stamp. He was Ricardinus vidulator : his pay was 7\d. per diem." John of Brabant, at this time paying his court to the princess Margaret, had a violinist named John de Maclyn.b Pippard. The family of Pippard or Pipard, according to Atkyns, ancient in Gloucestershire,' was also connected with Here fordshire. One of them was sheriff of the county in 18 and 19 Hen. II. Dugdale is uncertain whether or how this Ralph was allied to the Pipards that preceded him, for he is said to have been a younger son of Ralph Fitz -Nicholas, an eminent man of his time, steward of the household to Hen. III. ; he was also nephew and heir to Robert Fitz-Ralph, who had estates in the county of Derby, to which he succeeded in 2 Ed. I. He was in the wars of Wales and Scotland during this reign, and lived till 3 Ed. II.d Oblator' seems to be the same with oblationarius, a subdeacon or deacon assisting at the celebration of the Eucharist, whose duty is thus described by Du Cange : " Ad cujus ministerium pertinebat oblatas, panem sc. et vinum, pontifici missam celebranti e patriarchio(?) deferre et eas archidiacono offerre." In Martenne another and some what diffuse account is given of this officer's part in that ceremony. " Subdiaconus cum calice vacuo sequitur archidiaconum, et pontifice oblationes populorum suscipiente, archidiaconus suscipit post eum amulas, et refundit in calicem majorem, tenente eum subdiacono, quem sequitur cum scypho super planetam acolythus, in quem calix imple- tus refunditur. Oblationes autem a pontifice suscipit subdiaconus, et ponit in sin- donem, quae eum sequitur, quam duo tenent acolythi."e These statements may be reconciled, as being descriptive of different parts of the same service. The latter account is substantially the same as that quoted by Du Cange from the Ordo Romanus.f His interpretation of oblatores, — qui tributa inf erunt, is hardly suitable here. Waffe- rariis et menestrallis ibidem. Jugglers and minstrels there, that is, in London. There was great resort of all persons skilled in amuslve arts at tbe first great gathering in the metropolis after the king's return, and a still greater on the marriages of his two daugh ters in tbe ensuing summer. Though the word wafferarius be sometimes interpreted n Household Book, 17, 18 Ed. I. Tower. b Green, Lives of Princesses, II. 370. <= Hist, of Glouc. p. 118 o. d Dugd. Baron. II. p. 8. o De antiquis Eccl. Eitibus, I. lib. i. c. iv. art. vi. 4. De oblatione. f Gloss, in v. Offerre. THE ENDORSEMENT. 149 f"riis * menest"ft ibid/ v.g. vj.d. Itm Magro Henr9 harpa^ diii Edmudi de Mortuomar9 .xij.d. Itm/ Simon9 nuco dhe A. Reg9 mat's Reg9 .ij.g. Itm dho Rofco de Littlebur9 de dono dni ad .j. bursa/ xiij.g. iiij.d. Itm cuidam Rico socio suo/ vj.g. viij.d. Itm waferers,* those who were skilled in making wafers, or subtleties (such an one there was in the king's kitchen), it is here and elsewhere to all appearance expressive of cunning artists (vafri) who practised tricks of sleight-of-hand, such as are now, by an abuse of the term jongleur, termed jugglers. Chaucer has left a description of a performer of this kind in his House of Fame, who is classed among jugglers in his day. " There saw I plaiyng jogelours Magiciens and tragetours. There saw I Coll Tragetour, Upon a table of sicamour, Plaie an uncouth thynge to tell, I sawe hym cary a winde mell Under a walnote schale."" Among the crowd of minstrels and others that resorted to the court at Whitsuntide, 34 Ed. I. were Johan le waffreur Ie Roy. Johannes waffrararius Comitis Lancastrian. Mattbeus waffrarius domini R. de Monte Alto.c Domini Edmundi de Mortuomari. Edmund, eldest son of Roger de Mortimer and Matilda, (see Roll, May 24,) was lord of Wigmore, his principal residence, and about thirty years of age. He had distinguished himself by his activity on the borders, and in the wars of Wales, for it was chiefly owing to his exertions that Llywetyn, the last prince, was slain, 10 Ed. I. He himself perished from wounds received in an affair with the Welsh at Builth, whence he was taken to die at his castle of Wigmore, and was buried in the abbey there, 25 Ed. I. He married Margaret, daughter of William de Fendles, a Spaniard, allied to the Queen consort, Eleanor of Castile. d A. Reginos matris Regis. Eleanor of Provence, the Queen mother, widow of Henry III. who, after a life spent in storms of state, had retired to the convent of Amesbury in Wilts, where she had taken the veil. She was now iu a declining state of health, and treated by her son, Edward I. with great respect and affection, who frequently visited her, and sent messages of inquiry concerning her. She died at Amesbury, June 24, 1291 . Ad unam bursam. Robert de Littlebury, whose claims are not stated, was thought worthy "» Lib. Quot. Contr. Gard. Topham, p. 314, » Chaucer, The iii. boke of Fame, f. 119 b. fol. ed. 1561. " Manners and Household Expenses, ut supra. d Dugdale, Baron. I. 163, col. 1, 2. 150 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. Baudett niicio dni Lond in c"stino Sci Hillar9/ xij.d. In lifeato Johi nucio ad picturam pixidis sue .ij.g. Itm Johi bafto/ de Bede fon?/ ij.g. de dono diii. II Sm"/ iiij.li. xv.g. xxj.d' ||Itm cuidam paupi scolari de dono dni/ xij.d. Itm carctar de ||33. Bedefon? de dono/ iij.d. I? recluse de Kensinton .vj.d. I! to receive a whole mark for a purse, not, it is apprehended, for the purchase or manu facture of a material purse, but to make up a purse of money for some special occasion; Richard, his fellow, or attendant, had half as much. The word socius is very fre quently applied to a minstrel's inferior companion, sometimes to a huntsman's whipper- in. Picturam pixidis suos. It seems that a messenger's appendage was not only a box, but that it must be a painted box. For this, however, there is some obvious reason. It might be to keep his letters from being injured by the weather, or to shew at once his condition and consequence when he was travelling on trespass where others were not allowed to go. But the money appears too much for such a purpose. In another instance (see ||51) it is Is. Id. John was the courier who conveyed my lord's despatches to his agents at Rome. ||16. ||33. Pauperi scolari. The Bishop's attention to the wants of poor scholars runs parallel with the interest that be took in promoting the welfare of Oxford, one of the seats of scholarship, as it then existed. Thither he sent his nephews and the Kinges- suods; and he himself, as a commissioner, had very recently, in 1288, been instrumental in settling a serious dispute that had arisen between the masters of that university and their visitor, the Bishop of Lincoln, concerning the right of electing a Chancellor." Ant. a Wood, i. 326, et seq. Recluse de Kensintone. It may be remembered that when the Bishop left London, he sojourned, as indeed he frequently did,b at Kensington. See Roll, pp. 42, 43. During this time a recluse of that place attracted his charitable notice. This class of religious solitaries usually had their residence in oratories con tiguous to churches, often so contiguous that the only access to them was through the church itself.' There was one at Leintwardine, ||34. Isabella de Leye, in 1315, had her cell at the chapel of Leye in the diocese of Hereford, whose seclusion from the world and solemn self-dedication are described and sanctioned in the commission issued by Bishop Swinfield for that purpose. (Appendix, No. VIII.) It is well known that the hermits occasionally chose most romantic spots for their retirement. The hermit on Malvern hill, where the great priory now stood, commanded of old a charming prospect. From his oratory, or near to it, his eye could traverse the whole breadth of Worcester shire eastward to the Cotswold hills, and northward and southward in length from the Lickey hills, to the place where now stood the tower of the Benedictine abbey of Glouces- "¦ Rot. Pari. p. 10, No. 2. >> Eeg. Swinf. passim. » Archffiol. Journal, III. 305 ; IV. 325. THE ENDORSEMENT. 151 cuidam garcoi Magri Rici de Bello .vj.d. H duob3 garcoib3 p'oris de Chrebur9 (sic) j?sentantib3 vnu pullanu .xij.d. I? ffib3 minorib3 Glouc .vj.g. viij.d. I! frib3 pdic ibidem .vj.g. viij.d. ItiS Magro Johi fisico de dono dni apd Ledebur9 seqdo die March/ ter." Nash b describes one of these situations, of which he has given a representation, at Blackiston Rock, near Bewdley ; from it there was a fine view of the Severn, and of the woods which overhang its banks. In the reign of Henry III. an individual of this profession, a female, had consigned herself to some wild recess in the forest of Dean, aud another, a male, about the same time by a strange contrast was dwelling in the castle of Bristol.0 But, what could have induced him, a solitary man, to take up his abode in the din of archers and men at arms, is a question, the solution of which cannot be satisfactorily attempted, unless by a supposition, perhaps allowable, that he had been driven by stress of personal peril to seek a refuge in some chamber near the chapel there. However, since we have to do with facts rather than imaginary motives, a more appropriate explanation of this may be reserved for some better instructed antiquary ; for, in the mean time, we have wandered too far from the poor recluse of Kensington. — —Ricardi de Bello. To what has been observed of this person (see Roll, p. 20, note °) may be added, that he attained to the dignity of archdeacon of Berks, in the diocese of Sarum, and was appointed, with Adam de Orleton, then a canon, but afterwards Bishop of Hereford, to attend as proxy for Bishop Swinfield, disabled by reason of illness, at a provincial council held in the chapter-house of Saint Paul's, London, on Friday the morrow of the Ascension in 1313.d Unum pullanum. With the inquiries made by the Bishop's servants for a horse for their master the reader is already familiar. This seems to have given rise to a present of a horse-colt from the Prior of Chirbury, among others of his friends., It would most probably have occurred after his visitation of that place in May. (Roll, p. 81.) Besides his great horse (1147), a colt was bought for his special use, But it will be seen that he had a trainer in his pay ; that two colts were in hand, and a pair of spurs was procured for riding them. ||50, 60. Fratribus. The houses of the mendicaDt orders in Gloucester, tbe Minors of Bridgnorth, and Augustinians of Ludlow, all came in for a share of his bounty. The two latter ad unam pitanciam for a pittance in the month of April. It was the month on which Easter fell, a season of feasting. The Minors of Hereford had been honoured with his presence on Palm Sunday (Roll, p. 68,) and he did not forget them on Easter Day ; but, while he himself celebrated it in good cheer at Colwall, took care to send a portion to those for whom, in a strict sense, " nothing had been prepared."" It hardly need be added that pittances were dishes of a quality superior to the usual conventual fare. Johanni fisico. Master John, the » Thomas, Antiq. Priorat. Maj. Malverne, 8vo. 1725, p. 39. 1> Hist. Wore. ii. 47, 40. c Rot. Litt. Claus. 44 a, 63 b. d Reg. Swinf. f. 186 b. e Nehemiali, viii. 10. 152 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. vj.g. viij.d. Itrrl garcoi suo/ vj.d. ItiS cuida nunc/ Reg9 apd Wolaston9/ vj.d. Itm Wlio Wilde/ vj.d. Itm frib3 mino^ Here ford/ ad vnam pitanciam die Pasche .vj.g. viij.d. I? suientib3 de Berton" ad Pe? .iij.d. in .xl". It .ij. menest"ft apud Moneketon .ij.d. I!. Wfto Kyde ad redeund 5 Castm in Pascha?/ vj.d. It cuida paupi scolar9 apd Colewett/ de p dni/ ij.g. I? ffib3 minorib3 de Bru^ ad .j. pitanciam mense April .v.g. Itm fribj Sci Augustin9 de Lodelowe cito p9 iiid tep9/ ad vnam pitanciam/ iiij.g. ||Sm" xiiij .g. iiij.d. physician, is no stranger. We have noticed him in the Roll, p. 59, note ", and this is the second time of his appearance in the Endorsement. (||28.) Here, too, is his fee. Neither had his attendant any reasou to complain that he left the manor-house at Led bury, on March 2, poorer than he came into it, when he was greeted with an equivalent to 7s. 6d. Nuncio Regis. A king's messenger follows the Bishop to Wollastone, where he was staying on the 10th and 12th of March, passing the intermediate and probably part of the latter day at Tintern Abbey. (Roll, p. 62, note e.) A parliament was summoned for a day after Easter in tbe approaching month, but Swinfield attended no more parliaments, so far as can be ascertained, during this current year. In the Wardrobe Accounts of Messengers' Expenses, 18 Ed. I. it is entered that Hankin de Rading and Walter de Pydale had to serve the king's writ upon Richard bishop of Hereford, John Gyffard, John de Sulegh, Henry de Chandos, William Bluet, Roger de Somery, John fitz John, Philip, Roger de Mortimer, the Bishop of Worcester, Peter Corbet, and Nicholas Daudelegh, and were paid 6s. 8d. for going this round. The summons was for Easter Monday April 3rd." Bartona ad Petrum. The servants of Barton Saint Peter's, a manor in the suburb of Hereford, towards the north, beyond Friars' Gate, belonging to the see.b As usual, for some assistance rendered, or other deserving at the Bishop's hands, they received in Lent 3d. Menestrallis apud Moneketon'. Two country musicians, probably harpers, presented themselves before my lord at Monkton, in the parish of Llanwarne, where he visited the church, March 20 (Roll, p. 66), and dined at the estate belonging to the Abbat and monks of Llantonia prima, to whom the benefice belonged. No doubt these performers did tbeir best to entertain him ; but the difference between them and the courtly minstrels appears in the proportion of their reward, — one penny each ! Willielmo Kyde. A very useful person, as may be gathered from the hints of his occupation. He was a sort of head shepherd, went roundand visited the flocks, and bought in sheep. He was engaged in this business about Easter, and drove them up. His residence was apparently at Bishop's Castle, and this sixpence is to frank his return. They evidently adopted the profitable plan of bringing poor stock from the Welsh borders to the richer pastures about Ledbury. See ||48, 61 c. » Rotulus Exp. Nunt. Miss, ad div. partes, 18 Ed. I. Carlton Ride. t> Duncumb, i. 381. THE ENDORSEMENT. 153 || Itm life Gargano q"si de dono rone fri1 quercuii q"s dns. huit in ||34. Walecher9 ab eod/ iij.g. Itm Rog'o Hop i octafe Ascencois/ vj.d. It recluse de Leintwordyn .xij.d. Itm monialib3 de Linggebrok' ' Qu. t'u' (trium) ? ||34. Gargano. At Bishop's Castle and along the Marches there was of necessity constant though not always very friendly intercourse with Welshmen,"but they are not often introduced into this document. Here is certainly one of them, and it is confirmed by the expression in Walecheria. Garganus is, perhaps, Gwrgaint or Worgan, for Welsh names suffered occasionally no trifling mutilation under the versions of mediaeval Latin expositors, as they did in earlier times in the bands of Roman scribes. Tbe transaction, however, here recorded, is an amicable one. It appears that the Bishop had certain oaks of him, habuit ab eodem (such is the Latinised version of an ex isting colloquial phrase"), for which no price is recorded; but, it being left to his generosity, he gave him, quasi de dono, three shillings in return. The manors and estates of the see were hard upon the border of that part of the principality, in some instances ran over it, and were always liable to inroad. One of the aggressions of the unfortunate Llywelyn last Prince of Wales was, that in or about the year 1275 he seized three vills in tbe manor of Ledbury North, belonging to the see, and would not quit possession till the parties through whom the outrage was committed were excom municated.11 Be it, however, with respect to the precise limit as it may, the contiguity of the two countries brings to our observation the distinction then in vogue of Walecheria and Englecheria. Du Cange has not satisfactorily explained these words in the sense that is applicable to the one, and consequently to the other, in this place. Tbe learned etymologists to whom we owe the History of Shrewsbury have also adopted a too confined sense by referring Anglecheria exclusively to a condition or state.0 Another meaning in which it was frequently employed was to define a locality, as in the present instance. Shire expresses a section of divided land. Thus on either side of the border lay the two general shires of England and Wales. It is unnecessary to cite many instances in proof. In one of the depositions at an inquest held at Montgomery preparatory to the introduction of English law into the country, a witness stated with reference to a certain holding of land, dictum tenemenium est in Walecheria et extra comitatum," i. e. in Wales, and without the county of Salop, which there adjoined. And again, Peter Corbet, of Caus, the great wolf-exterminator, lord of a multitude of manors on both sides of the line of demarcation, is said to hold them in Englecheria et Walecheria; and in one case prosdictos villas sunt infra melas Walecherios.' Ascencionis. On the octave of the Ascension the family were at Eye, on their way from Salop. (Roll, p. 85.) No account can be given of this person, as must often be tbe case where a See Roll, p. 7, n. a. * Reg. Cant. ff. 4 a, lib, 12 a, 15 b, 16 b, 30 b. « Blakeway and Owen, I. p. 89. A Rot. Wallise, 10 Ed. I. m. 3. Tower. e Placita de quo Warr. 20 Ed. I. p. 68lb. CAMD. SOC. X 154 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. c'ca Pentecos? de dono dni9 ad .j. pitancam/ vj.g. viij.d. Itni carctar9 dni prior9 Lemenistr9 acomada? dno p aliq°t dies/ vj.d. Itm faiSlis de Berton/ iiij.d. i octafe T'nitatis. Itr2 harpar9 dni Johis Treg03 apd Sugwas .ij.g. Itr3 Wifto Wilde de foresta apd Witeborne/ vj.d. Iti3 Witto de Gre ad cirotecas de dono dni9/ vj.g. viij.d. Itni garcoi suo/ vj.d. Itni garcoib3 dni9 Afefeis de nothing is offered but a name, unless the payment be admitted to refer to oats obtained aliunde on May 18 and 19 ? Monialibus de Linggebrok' . The nuns of Limebrook, in the parish of Lingen, in the north-western part of Herefordshire. A pittance at any time would have been most acceptable to them, for they were very poor, so poor that Geffrey de Vezano, the pope's nuncio, by his commissary, excused them and their churches from procuration in the year 1299.° The house was dedicated to Saint Thomas a Becket, and the annual value of their temporals was 61. Ss. Sd.b The Bishop was travelling at no great distance from them about Pentecost. Famulis de Bertonm The servants at the manor of Barton Saint Peter's were a second time pecuniarily rewarded. During tbe octaves of the Trinity, if not on the octave itself, it may be perceived by reference to the Roll, pp. 89, 90, 91, that there was much business going on between Hereford and Sugwas that might render their assistance useful. Harpa- tori domini Johannis de Tregoz. Sir John Tregoz was well descended, the son of Sir Robert Tregoz, lord of Ewyas Harold, and the manor of Eton that bears his name, by Juliana, sister of Bishop Cantilupe. His mother was a widow, and, it is believed, still living, his father having been slain in the fatal battle of Evesham. Sir John was a man of sufficient consequence to maintain a harper on his establishment, and was in vernacu lar language a neighbour to Swinfield when he was at Sugwas, which was but a few miles to the north of the castle of Ewyas Harold, where this chieftain resided. Swin- field's acquaintance with the family would arise from his having been executor to his uncle, Bishop Cantilupe, and, as such, having had tbe management of some property left by the latter to his mother Juliana Tregoz. To a curious account " of their family, given by her to her brother, it is added by some other hand, that this Sir John married Mabilia, daughter of that hero of the marchmen, Fulk Fitz-Warren ; and it may, perhaps, be forgiven to the commentator if, writing upon the spot, and with the site of the castle of Tretire before his eyes, he mentions that, among other manors in Herefordshire, he had, in right of his wife, that of Tretire. d Dugdale's account of this family is imperfect. Sir John Tregoz served in the wars in Scotland and Gascony, aud died 12 kai. Sept. 28, Ed. I.e He was a benefactor to the Priory of St. James of Ewyas Harold, a cell to the Abbey of Gloucester.' As to William Wilde of the forest, and William de Gre, no reason can be given but the authority of this record why the donations of the Bishop " Reg. Swinf. f. 127 a. b Taxatio Eecl. Papa. Niobolai, p. 173b. « MSS. Dodswortb, Bibl. Bodl. 64, 65, 66, f. 87. d Plac. de quo Warr. 20 Ed. I. 266 b, 286 b. • Baron. I. p. 616 a. i MS. Exemplar Cart. Prior, de Ewyas Haraldi penes me. THE ENDORSEMENT. 155 Dora de dpn9 dni/ iij.g. vj.d. In life. Reginald de la Boclond i die Septe dormien? apd Colewett de dono mero dni9 .Iiij.g. iiij.d. Itm p expii suis i duofc ferrator9 euciu sec in Cane/ vj.g. viij.d. It cuidam [cuid1] puero duci hois ceci de Bosebur9 de p dni/ iiij.d. It nucio dni London apd Colewett/ ij.g. It cuid menest"ft Joliet apd Colewett .xij.d. Itm Pynke menest"it/ apd Colewett .xij.d. || Sm" .iiij .11. ix.g. vj.d. ||Itm garcoi priorisse de Amberbur9/ vj.d. Itm. garcoib3 dni ||35. 1 Dashed through. should have helped to rescue their names from oblivion. Gloves, as may be seen here after, were given (||46 e.) to those who helped in the harvest. Reginaldo de la Boc lond'. The services of Reginald thus handsomely acknowledged out of my lord's generosity, and not by rule of stipend, should have been something out of the common way. And in fact the partiality of the Bishop towards him was manifested by his giving him a doe in the preceding season. (Roll, p. 15, note d.) He assisted Thomas de la Dane in managing affairs in London and Kent, and left Colwell on the day of the Seven Sleepers, July 27, taking with him two farriers who were paid off, and left my lord's service to go into that county. (||63 1.) The expenses of the travellers came to 6s. Sd. Puero duci hominis cosci. Seemingly an act of compassion towards a boy who shared the wants and wanderings of a poor blind man by leading him from door to door. But the phrase is ambiguously worded. If, however, his youthful guide was thus considerately relieved, it may be inferred that he himself was not neglected. Though no poor law existed, the blind man of Bosbury could not be destitute while the gate of the episcopal manor-house was accessible to the needy, and at no great distance in the same parish that of the preceptory of the noble Knights Templars at Upleden. Joliet. Pynke. As Swinfield was not insensible to the charms of minstrelsy, be was nowhere so retired that tbe itinerant professors of it could not find him out and introduce themselves to his notice abroad or at home. These artists were well aware of the value of a name, and often adopted such appellations as were fantastic, and designatory either of their persons or their talents ; neither has the trick been forgotten by some of their successors. Thus the diminutive Joliet might be assumed to express the comeliness of a clever little player, and the appellation of Pynke be chosen to claim for its owner supremacy of excellence. One gentleman in the King's band of musicians rejoiced in the high-sounding title of De Tantaloun. This makes no mystery of the instrument on which he contrived to delight or stun the monarch's ears ; though a castle in East Lothian, in pronunciation, nearly approaches to this name. ||35. Priorissos de Amberbur' . Amberbury, Ambresbury, or Amesbury, in Wiltshire, a religious house at this time dependent upon that of Fontevrault in Normandy. The 156 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. Radi de M9cato apd Bosebur9 in autupno/ vij.g. Itm cuida nuco Reg1 ptan? Iram Elci Helyens. dho ut veniret ad ei9 osec"c6m/ ij.g. foundation of it is referred to Elfrida, the penitent murderess of her son Edward, king and martyr, about the year 979. It was a celebrated female asylum for many of the dead as well as the living of noble parentage ; and its annals, could they be recovered from oblivion, would be found interwoven with historical associations of importance. A few notices may be collected respecting its former and existing state. Though a royal foundation, and as such possessing great advantages, it lost its reputation in the 12th century, when Henry II. in 1177, expelled its thirty nuns propter vitas suos turpitu- dinem, and gave it into the hands of the French abbey above mentioned. Sometimes denizen, and sometimes alien, by turns disgraced and honoured with the highest patron age, alternately under an abbess or a prioress, it emerged from this cloud to become more splendid and attractive, and at this juncture was, perhaps, in the zenith of its reputation. From King John it received many privileges, and after the burial of Eleanor of Bretagne there, in 1241, it rose in consequence. Memorable incidents of great domestic interest to the royal family occurred in this priory, about the time, it is believed, of this very prioress, and at no great distance apart. Queen Eleanor of Castile was so attached to it that by her influence, well meant, but not entirely judi cious, two of her grand-daughters were placed in it as nuns. Of these cousins, Eleanor, the offspring of Beatrice, her second daughter, appears to have been the first introduced. Mary, sixth daughter of Edward I. evidently of too tender an age to know what she was doing, as also she proved by the inconsistency of ber subsequent conduct, took the veil on August 15, 1285, together with thirteen young ladies of high rank, in that chapel where, in the year following, tbe dowager queen herself submitted to this im posing ceremony of self-dedication, and where, in 1291, dying a nun, she was interred with great pomp in the presence of the King her son, and the chief prelates and nobles of the land. As to the prioress, such being the state of this society at the exact time when the words Priorissos de Amberbur' , that have drawn forth these remarks, were in scribed on our document, it must have required no common share of discretion and experience to superintend a body composed of elements so costly as these. The prioress of this house, when from home, moved in the higher circles. In the former reign we find her a guest at the table of tbe Countess of Leicester at Odiham." She should of course have commanded at least as much respect in her own house. But the superiors of monastic establishments of all orders were often sadly tormented by insubordination and resistance among those who should have submitted to their rule. Age and infirmity would shrink from the struggle, and many of them preferred to retire. Several abbats of Wigmore in Swinfield's time thus voluntarily made way for their successors.b The decease of Queen Eleanor seemed to throw this nunnery into confusion, and Mabil de Wafre, who is believed to bave been the prioress in question, resigned her office. a Manners and Household Expenses, Odiham. b Reg, gwinf. passim. THE ENDORSEMENT. 157 Itm garcoi suo/ vj.d. Itm niicio prioris Wigornie eu? ad cur9 i ptan? tram dni/ xij.d. If 1_uientib3 de Estenor9 ad potu/ ij.d. It (Oct. 13, 23 Ed. I.") Whatever might have been the cause of such resignation, certain it is that a dispute arose soon after between the nuns and the abbess of Fontevrault as to the right of election. Its consequences were disastrous in impoverishing the resources of the convent. The king interfered : the abbess gained the day, and in a letter of recommendation that she wrote to him respecting Joanna de Gennes, whom she had appointed to the office, by describing her as fame sage et vigoureuse pour y ester guardienne e prioresse, appears to allude to the defects of the late governess, and those who had been under her care, though not, probably, under her control.b Electi Helyensis. John Kirkby or de Kyrkby, Bishop of Ely, who had been treasurer of the Exchequer, died March 16, 1289, just in time, it was thought, to escape the severe censure of the King, in the great reform of official corruption that was carried out this year. Upon his decease the monks of Ely obtained leave to elect William de Luda, Archdeacon of Durham, a man of the highest reputation, who had long been treasurer of the wardrobe.0 This was the prelate who was saddled with a part of the annual expenses of the boys De la Ffite at Oxford, ratione novas creationist (See ante, p. 118.) The King appears to have had great confidence in his integrity, and had called him to his parliament ou the morrow of the Holy Trinity, though he was then only elect. ' Unless this were the usual custom, it was a proof how much he valued his counsel. Afterwards to him and to his own uncle, and two of his newly created judges, Edward assigned the task of holding an inquest at Abergavenny upon the great quarrel between the Earls of Gloucester and Hereford, when such outrages had been committed by the partizans of the former upon the borders of Brecon.' It was also, perhaps, a mark of royal favour, though of a very different kind, that on July 25th he made De Luda a present of the bear in the Tower of London. If it should seem strange that such a present should have been made by a king to a bishop, it may be observed that the possession of rarer monsters was coveted in ruder days, not only as curiosities astonishing and attractive from the difficulty and expense of procuring and keeping them, but as appendages of barbarous grandeur. It is recorded of Becket that when as ambassador he travelled through France in great pomp, a part of his equipage consisted in a long-tailed ape, perched upon the back of each of his sumpters.B The habits and movements of wild animals in the possession and under the control of man are always interesting when they can be contemplated in safety, and must have been doubly so in an age when rational amusements were not so multiplied fi. Eot. Pat. 23 Ed. I. m. 4. b Dugdale's Mon. n. p. 334 ; Hoare's Hist. Wilts. Ambresbury ; Strickland's Lives of Queens of England, II. Eleanor of Provence ; Green's Lives ofthe Princesses, II. Mary, 6th dan. of Ed. I. o Wikes in Gale, pp. 120, 121. d Household Book, Tower, 18 Ed. I. Maius. e Placita in Pari. 18 Ed. I. p. 25. f Eot. Pari. I. p. 70, et.' seq. s Life and Letters of Becket. Giles, I. p. 72, et seq. 158 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. Stepho de Thanet clico de dono .ij.g. Itm garcoi Magri R. de Bello/ vj.d. It; cuid cliculo de pria9 Sa;p/ vj.d. Itm garcoi Magri as they have been in later times. Edward I. as appears from an account delivered into the Exchequer in the third year of his reign, by the executors of John le Breton, Bishop of Hereford, who had been emptor et custos garderobas regis antequam esset rex,"- brought a camel with him from abroad, which was kept in 18 Ed. I. for the amusement of the younger branches of the royal family at Langley in Buckinghamshire.11 And when he returned from France the King caused a lion and a leopard belonging to the Queen to be brought de Bona-guarda to Bourdeaux,0 and thence to the Tower of London, where also the bear was kept. John de Navesby, the bear-ward, and his under -keeper, were discharged when the King bestowed the animal upon De Luda," and, perhaps, they accompanied it to its new owner ; and, if we may venture farther, to his residence at Holborn, which manor, with its appurtenances, that Bishop gave to the see of Ely.e If, as we are told by the Chronicler of Lanercost,f Robert de Coquina, the Bishop of Durham, in an hour of private relaxation, could be pleased with the humours of his two apes, my lord of Ely may as reasonably be allowed to have derived amusement from the gambols of his bear. In this rambling digression we must not lose sight of the conse cration of De Luda, which took place by Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, on the Sunday after Michaelmas Day, 1290 : he had been elected on May 4 preceding, sat seven years, and died March 25, 1298. He was buried in the cathedral of Ely.e Cuidam nuncio. One of the many proofs of the then intervention of Edward I. in matters ecclesiastical appears in his sending the summons to the Bishop to attend at this consecration by his own messenger. The time at which the event happened is not included in the Roll ; even had it been perfect, the date must have been two days beyond the close of it, and it is doubtful whether Swinfield attended. Probably from a cause to be often alluded to, he seems, soon after he became a bishop, to have avoided, as much as possible, public assemblies and long journeys, at least if his letters to the Archbishop of Canterbury, which are many, and some of them pathetically descriptive of his sufferings, may be received in evidence. (One of the most striking is given in Appendix, No. IX.) At any rate, whether upon this summons or otherwise, it immediately follows that he despatched a letter to the court by a messenger of the Prior of Worcester. Servientibus de Estenor'. The labourers employed on the farm at the manor of Eastnor render him some service, and receive the wonted compensation of liquor. Stephano de Thanet. Some of the occupations of Stephen de Thanet or Tanet in the Bishop's behalf have been noted at ||7, 9, and Master Richard Battle appears again, as at ||33, and p. 20, note * in the Roll. All these notices, as between a Reg. Cantil. f. 48 a. b Archasologia, XV. p. 350. c Kot. Elem. 17, 18, Ed. I. (1 Eymer, Add. MSS. Brit. Mus. 4574, 18 Ed. I. f. 265. c Godwin, in W. de Luda. f P. 114, quoted in Manners and Household Expenses. s Godwin, in Ely ; Le Neve, Fasti, p. 68. THE ENDORSEMENT. 159 Luce de Bray thesaur9 Hereford/ vj.d. Itm in lifeato duob3 garcoib3 ¦? .j. pagio Jacobi de Bramasun M9cator9 de Seii apd/ him and Swinfield, savour of the frequent intercourse of friends. A famous architect of this name flourished at this period. Five of the twelve crosses placed upon the several spots where the body of Queen Eleanor of Castile rested in 1290, in its progress from Lincolnshire to London, were erected by John de Bello.*- Sarum. The connexion of the Bishop with this diocese was established through the priory of Leominster, a cell to tbe Abbey of Reading, with which he had much to do : he had also property in hand at Earley, and received some dues from Eston in the deanery of Marl- borough,b all in the same diocese. Occasionally when the Bishop of the see was ill, or during the avoidance of it, he held ordinations at Reading and Earley. Luce de Bray, Thesaurario Herefordensi. The office of treasurer to the cathedral of Hereford had been filled for many years by Luke de Bray, of whom the earliest mention occurs in the very first article of Cantilupe's register, which is in fact the beginning of the regular extant records of the see. He is therein directed as official to cause an incumbent to be inducted into the church of Brampton Brian, 6 id. July, 1275, pro tempore, the Bishop himself as yet being only electa Luke was patronised by Cantilupe, Swinfield, and Archbishop Peckham, and seems to have deserved it. The emolument attached to his appointment being considered inadequate,d they applied to the Pope for a dispensation in his behalf, allowing him by special favour to hold, in addition to his preferment, one ecclesiastical benefice either with or without cure of souls. In the correspondence that took place they bore united testimony to his merit in very flattering terms. Swinfield, in particular, expressed a personal attachment to him. Fatemur revera fructus et provenlus Thesaurarios nostras Herefordensis ecclesios exiles esse, et impares merilis tanti viri, sicut est ille, qui ipsam possidet in prassenti, qui etiam nosier solet esse benevolus et amicus Immo ipsum Thesaurarium mullo magis diligimus et ipsius commodum et honorem diligentius procurabimns, eo quod vestra paternitas ipsius diligentiam perlegerit, et vestros pios solicitudini cooperator assislat, et a vobis tam excellenter meruerit commendari, sicut vestros memoralas Uteres continebant. The result of the interference of Peckham with the Pope was a bull addressed to Doctor De Bray, Doctori Decretorum, in which these expressions are employed : Laudabilia merita tuos probitatis, super quibus fidedigno- rum testimonio commendaris, nos inducunt, ut Ubi specialem gratiam faciamus. Hinc est quod, tuis supplicalionibus inclinati, ut proster Thesaurariam, canonicalum et pros- bendam, quos in ecclesia Herefordensi obtints, unicum aliud ecclesiasticum beneficium, etiam si curam habeat animarum, dummodo Ubi canonici consentiuntur, libere recipere et una cum prosdictis Thesauraria, canonieatu, et prosbenda licite retinere valeas, generalis concilii, et quibuscunque aliis super hoc in contrarium editis constitulioni- a Archseologia, XXIX. pp. 182, et seq. b xax. P. Nich. p. 196 b. c Reg¥ Cant. f. 1 a. d See for his Spirituals and Temporals Tax. P. Nich. pp. 157 a, 168 a, 169 b. 160 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. Bosebur9 .ij.g. vj.d. Itm cuidam clico de Waneting de dono diii/ iij.g. ||Sm" .xx.g. ij.d. || Sm"/ hi9 .iij. rotui ex"/ xxviij. li. q". bus nequaquam obstantibus, auctoritate prossentium indulgemus."- The impropriation of the church of Bockleton was accordingly attached to the treasuiership, and it continues to be held by his successors in that office to this day.b In the Taxation of Pope Nicholas, which was at this very time rated and apportioned, a part of the treasurer's income is thus accounted for : — Item. Thesaurarius recipit quasdam oblationes in cera de tumba Episcopi Thomas quas hoc anno taxantur ad ... 13/. 6*. 8<_.c Certa tamen summa non potest apponi pro tempore futuro, quia dictai oblationes possint crescere et decrescere. The tomb of the Bishop here adverted to is that of Cantilupe, to which pil grims at this juncture resorted, and liberal offerings of tapers were made. Sorely distressed by his quarrel with the Archbishop of Canterbury, and by several suits of long continuance at Rome, one of which, and that an important one, promised as to issue to be anything but favourable to him ; apparently in ill health and involved in a sentence of excommunication, Cantilupe set out for the continent in 1 282, and made bis way to Italy to seek some adjustment of these affairs at the papal court by personal appeal. Whatever was the success of this undertaking, he died of a fever at Monte Fiascone, near Florence, on his return. His corpse was dissected, bis flesh buried in the church of San Severino in that quarter, and his heart and bones were brought back to England. The former was deposited in tbe monastery of Bonshommes at Ashridge in Buckinghamshire, the latter were placed in the chapel of the Virgin Mary in his own cathedral beneath a sumptuous tomb. Veneration for his character, and the circum stances of his death in a foreign land, and in defence of tbe rights of bis office, had rendered him an object of interest to all classes of laity and clergy in his own diocese. The excitement occasioned by the arrival and mournfully triumphant reception of his remains at Hereford, and by the report of cures, as usual, affirmed to be miraculous, wrought at bis tomb, had brought great numbers of invalids to present themselves and their offerings at his shrine. It was a custom in cases of sickness to send or bring a waxen taper of tbe measure of the sufferer as to height ; sometimes, indeed, it corre sponded with the dimensions of the whole body.d The crowds of those who came in pilgrimage had of late been greatly on the increase, and the profit to the treasurer, who claimed this wax as his perquisite, was so considerable that it awakened the attention of the chapter, and gave rise to a disagreement between him and them, which was settled by a mutual compact, signed, sealed, and dated 3 kai. May, 1289. (Appendix No. X.) a Reg. Swinf. ff . 66 a, 73 b. b Report of Commiss. of Eccl. Revenue, fol. 1835, p. 430. c Tax. P. Nich. p. 157 a. d Life and Gests, &c. pp. 228, et seq.; Wilkins, Concilia, II. p. 490 ; Annal. "Wigorn. Angl. Sacra, Pars I. p. 52 _. THE ENDORSEMENT. 161 deVbU'td°nia HIn lib dfio StePfeo de la Felde vical"9 de ffowenbo^ in pte ||36. pecun i q" s' dns tenef rone empcois cur'dam Pre apd Wyme- lingewelde .xxvj.S. viij.d. In solucone fea eidem in pte ei9dem HS'.xl.s'.' debiti in scda sept" .xle. apd Ledebur9 .xiij.g. iiij.d. ||Sm" .xl.g. IIAllocac'faci- ||in aH0ca2 fac dno. J. de Kem. In Ssentia ffis Johis 1 Nictii ||37. end'Joh'ide . . .-, _ * _. " Kernes'. de Keygate/ supuident copotu dci dm. J. de spuahtate/ de toto 1 Dashed through. According to this instrument it was stipulated that, after defraying tbe expense of lights at the tomb, the treasurer should receive two-thirds, and the chapter the remaining third, of the profits arising from this source. The adjustment of this question was afterwards more than once renewed between the parties on the demise of the person holding that office.* Luke de Bray, who appears again in ||60h, died in or about the beginning of 1293, and was succeeded by John de Swinfield, who resigned in favour of Roger de Sevenoaks about April 1295. Nicholas de Reygate, the auditor of this account, received the appointment at the end of 1302, and John de Kemeseye, the writer of it, came into it upon his death, 8 id. April, 1308. Jacobi de Bramazun. De Brabason, the money lender, mentioned at ||19, p. 129. The finances of this gentle man allowed of his travelling in some style. When he paid his visit at Bosbury be had with him two grooms and a page. Attended by these servants, he could not have made his way into the country with less than four horses; probably he had a sumpter besides. These merchants had by degrees supplanted the Jews, who had long exclusively enjoyed the profits of usurious loans, but were in this year, 1290, entirely and harshly expelled the realm. Waneting'. My lord was at Wantage on Dec. 30 and Jan. 23, 1289. On the first occasion, he was indebted to John of Wantage, a clerk, for the assistance of his servants (see pp. 36, 37), and the favour was pecuniarily acknowledged both to them and, probably, to their master. This closes tbe third membrane or roll. ||36. Acquietantia. An acquittance of a debt at two several payments. Stephen de la Feld, from whom some landed property had been bought at Womenswould, pp. 123, 124, was paid by instalments, the last of which had been settled in Lent. He was then Vicar of Fownhope, but was instituted to the vicarage of Bosbury on the Bishop's pre sentation, 15 kai. Sept. ensuing. b If he resigned Fownhope this was but a small increase of preferment, his former living being under il., that of Bosbury il. 10s. per annum. c ||37. Allocatio. A debt discharged is followed by a due forgiven. Tt is shewn by a MSS. Rawlinson, Bibl. Bodl. 329, ff. 15, et seq. Reg. Swinf. ff. 81 b, 109 a. b Reg. Swinf. f. 66 a. ° Tax. P. Nich. pp. 160 a, 175 b. CAMD. SOC. Y 162 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. tpe drii .xxvj.g. viij.d. q, ide diis. J. se on9auit .iiijt0. anno dni.^de duab3 m"r i q'into anno dni/ de duab3 m"rcis i dij p dedicacoe captte de pua Maret/ p q"/ iux" moderain gre drii/ ii deberent solui n° funt solute/ n1 fm due m"rce i di. ||Sm" .xxvj.g. viij.d. HEmpc'oredd'. ||In decern solida? i q"tuor denar9 annui reddit9 emp? in villa ||38 a. Ledebur9 de Johe de Solers/ ad op9 Willi atte felde de p\ dni .c.vj.g. viij.d. ex causa fonab9li. In lifeato Wilto de Forde de P9stebur9 in ptem. di m"rc/ p q'et clamanc sua sr9 .v. acr terr this entry, which is somewhat less explicit than could be wished, that two sums, one of two, and tbe other of two marks and a half, had been due to the Bishop from John de Keme- seye, on account of certain spiritualities, one, or both of them, relative to the dedication of a chapel at Little Marcle. John, for some unstated reason, was responsible for both these sums, but the Bishop, in presence of his auditors, formally and frankly forgave bim two marks of this debt. The writer is scrupulous in shewing that this act took place in the presence of witnesses. As respects the Bishop's liberality the meaning is obvious, but the origin of the transaction is obscure, unless it could be ascertained in what way De Kemeseye was concerned with the chapel in question. Friar John and Nicholas de Reygate were of course selected as competent accountants to examine and check this Roll, and that they took some pains in revising it is visible from sundry, though very few corrections, in a different ink and hand ; but that they suffered in this complicated affair, as the editor expects he has suffered, some errors to escape unobserved, may be seen in the casting-up of tbe week ending May 6, for instance, and at the end of the first Roll of the Endorsement. ||38 a. Emptio redditus. This section relates to certain other investments of money in land. Five pounds, six shillings, and eight pence were received by John de Solers as a reasonable consideration, or for some reasonable cause, of which no further explana tion is furnished than that it was the purchase from him of a yearly rent in the town of Ledbury, for the use of William, another of the Hatfields (p. 124), by my lord's express command. Besides the De la Feldes already cited, there had been others of the name who in the time of Cantilupe had practised the not very honest amusement of deer and timber-stealing with their associates in the Bishop's parks during the avoid ance of the see." Willielmo de Forde, — Fortlotelond' , — Priori et conventui Lan- toniosjuxta Gloucestriam. Expenses attendant upon the adjustment of a controversy as to right of property between the Bishop and "the prior and convent of Lantonia secunda, nigh Gloucester. Five acres called/orfo.e land in Prestbury, granted or leased by Swinfield' s predecessors to a family named Ford of that place, were quit-claimed in Feb. 1289 to Walter the prior and his convent. The right to this land and its rent was asserted by the Bishop on one hand, and that body on the other hand laid claim to a a Reg. Cant. f. 25 a. THE ENDORSEMENT. 163 de fortlotelond/ concesse p'ori i conuentui Lanton iux" Glouc .iij.g. In life eisd priori ? conuentui. Lanton Glouc p q"dam pace int? eosdem i dnm fea sr9 resignacone jur9 pasture/ octo bou in pco de P9stebur9/ xl.g. p? tram eoxde obligator9 de q'nq, m"f diio defe restitutam eisdem. l|Sm"/ vij.li. ix.g. viij.d. I? in .j. denar9 annui redd emp? de Johe de Mydwode in b. Wyteburn .xviij.d. ||Sm" .xviij.d. ||Exenn'fc'a ||In exennio fco dno Regi apud Westm die d°nica px" post ||39 a. eg'" festum Epiphie/ p dnm .lxvj.1T. xiij.g. iiij.d. ||In exennio tiie fco dne. A. Regine socie Reg1/ ibidem/ p drium. b. ead die d°nica .xxxiij.li. vj.g. viij.d. Itm Wlio Brun/ xx.g. Itm Wal?o de Stertone harpar9/ xx.g. ||1.o.ij.lT. 1 The word Summa omitted here. croft in Sevenhampton, and the pasturage of eight oxen in his park at Prestbury. The parties came to an agreement at the end of 1289 by which their mutual claims were withdrawn, and the writings relative to this dispute will be found in Appendix No. XI. Forlote or Forlet land is thus defined in Jacob's Law Dictionary: "Land in the bishoprick of Hereford granted on lease, dum Episcopus in Episcopatu steterit, so as the successor might have the same for his present revenue : this custom has been long since disused, and the land thus formerly granted is now let by lease, as other lands, though it still retains the name by which it was anciently known. Butterfield, Survey, f. 56." ||38 b. Johanne de Mydwode. The name de Mydwode (Middlewood), as well as that of William Wylde de foresla apud Witeborne, ||34, shew how Whitborne was circum stanced as to woodlands. A great part of Brinxstie wood was in the parish. Annui reddilus. This is a singular yearly rent of one penny per annum purchased at 1*. 6d. and probably involving a local interest that rendered the possession desirable. It was, however, not quite so cheap as that sold by John de Solers, which bore a yearly interest of 10 per cent. These investments, though they might have been affected by tbe above cause of locality, throw light on the value of property. ||39a. b. In exennio. From the preceding minute transaction of the rent of a. penny, au ascent is made at once, per saltum, to a munificent present of one hundred pounds, two-thirds to the King and the remainder to the Queen consort. This offering was made at Westminster on Sunday, Jan. 8, the day after the Bishop arrived in London, when Edward was keeping his first Christmas since his return from his foreign dominions. The fine old hall at Westminster was tbe scene of many a Christmas feast." a Stowe, Survay, pp. 884, et seq. 164 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. ||In pan9, vino 1 pisce emp? ad exhenn9 faciend dne9 Comitisse Glouc1/ xx.g. iij.d. In auen9 * feno ep? Ledebur9 oceone aduent9 dni Afefeis Rading illuc de. § diii .iiij.s. vij.d. $? pane i vinii de instauro Hospi2. ||Sm" .xxiiij.g. x.d. Minstrelsy, as usual, formed part of the entertainments, which lasted many days, and gratuities to the King's harpers were matters of course. WiUiam Brun (Brown) and Walter de Stertone come under this class, and are alike handsomely rewarded as royal favourites. Sterton was certainly much about the person of the king, and accompanied him on his journeys. His name is of frequent occurrence in the household accounts of this year. In one place his wages are stated at 7 id. per day. In another he is honoured with the title of esquire, Scutifer regis." On the nuptials of the Princess Joanna in this year, he distributed a hundred pounds, the gift of the bridegroom, among four hundred and twenty-six minstrels present on that occasion. b ||39 c. Dominos Comitissos Gloucestrios. From Christmas we pass to the end of April. Joanna, tbe King's third daughter, was not Countess of Gloucester till the last day of that month, when she was wedded to Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, surnamed the Red. Joanna of Acre, as she had been familiarly called, from that Syrian city in which she drew her first breath during her parents' stay in the Holy Land, became by this powerful alliance, besides her inherent dignity, the first peeress in England. Her noble husband, whose high rank, vast territorial property, pretensions, and bearing, had rendered him almost a rival to the throne, died in December, 1295, at the Castle of Monmouth, where they were then residing. She sunk her princely con sequence when, early in the second year of her widowhood, she chose for her second husband "a squire of low degree" from her own household, one Ralph de Monther- mer, of whose origin no account has ever yet appeared. This mortified the pride of her father, but he was at length reconciled, and she was allowed to retain the title of Countess of Gloucester to the end of her days. She died April 23, 1307, having just completed her 35th year. Her character and conduct are depicted with mucb good taste and feeling by one of the most accurate and elegant female biographers of the age.1 The present of bread, wine, and fish was probably provided for her when she called at one of the Bishop's houses during his absence. "Very shortly after her first marriage she travelled with her husband on a visit to some of bis manors. d Abbatis Rading'. The observation made on the Countess of Gloucester's present applies to this entry. While my lord was absent from Ledbury tbe new Abbat of Reading ? (Roll, p. 36, note e.) came thither, perhaps on his way to visit the disorderly cell of Leominster, and was hospitably entertained, though the master was not there to receive him in person. But orders had been given to purchase corn and hay for his horses, and he was supplied with bread and wine from the household stores. a Household Book, Tower, 18 Ed. I. Sept. Jan. b Wardr. Book, 18 Ed. I. quoted in Manners and Househ. Expenses, p. Ixx. c Green, Lives ofthe Princesses, II. pp. 318, et seq. d Id. p. 331. THE ENDORSEMENT. 165 llDenar' Sc'i ||In solucoe fea9 Magro Gyfredo de Vezano London9/ die lun ||40. Pet'' px"/ post Epipfeiam [p denar9 Sci Pet'1] de ?mino Sci Mich/ anno dni .M°.cc°.lxxx°. octauo/ i p ?mino Sci Mich/ anno diii .M°.cc°. octog. nono .xij.li. vn lit?e aquit sQt in cofr9 drii. ||S*p3 II Sm" .xij.1T. 1 Interlined. |[40. Gyfredo de Vezano. A name familiar to Englishmen, especially to church men. Geffrey, or as he is sometimes styled Godfrey, de Vezano, Canon of Cambray, was clerk of the Pope's chamber, and some time nuncio of the apostolic see in this kingdom. He was also collector of Peter-pence in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, as well as of all other dues arising from wills or goods of tbe clergy dying in testate, or any other whatsoever, with full power to compel payment by suspension or excommunication. He first held this commission under Pope John XXL next under Nicholas IV. now under Celestine V. and subsequently under Boniface VIII. Under the latter he acted as nuncio. a The origin of Peter-pence is well known to have been connected with the murder of Ethelbert, king of the East Angles, by procurement of Offa, king of Mercia, at his palace of Sutton, near Hereford, where the name of Ethel bert still survives in the cathedral and elsewhere. First conceded as a local gift, it was afterwards established as an impost over the whole kingdom. It had not, however, been submitted to without some question either as to the right or the proportions of it to be paid in the different dioceses, at the beginning ofthe present King's reign, as may be inferred from the transcript of a bull inserted at the end of Cantilupe's register (Appendix No. XII.), where the charge upon the diocese of Hereford accords exactly with what is set down in this account, which is an arrear of two years. The collector indulged the payers by allowing them to continue upon trust, and this is remarkable in the case of the King's papal dues. What they were is not particularised, but, when five years' arrears were discharged in the preceding August, they had amounted to a heavy sum. Denarii domino Papas liberali. — Rex Thesaurario et Camerariis suis salutem. Libe rate de thesauro nostro magistro Giffredo de Vezano domini Papas clerico Quinque millia marcarum per manus suas eidem domino Papas liberanda, de annis regni nostri duodecimo, tertiodecimo, quartodecimo, quintodecimo, et sextodecimo, videlicet, de quo libet anno mille marcas, de annuo cursu mille marcarum, quem idem dominus percipit ad scaccarium nostrum. Et recipiatis ab eodem Magistro Giffredo sufficientem quie- tanciam de pecunia supradicta. Teste Rege apud Ledes, xviij. die Augusti.b So exact was the wary King that he who assumed to be the spiritual head of Christendom was not to be paid without a discharge. » Reg. Swinf. f. 118 a. b Liberate Roll, 17 Ed. I. Tower. 166 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. HVasa Enea ad coq'm empt', || Stipend' Hyemal' IIArmig'i ||In .j. magno cacabo emp? ad octafe Epiphie Lond .lvj.g. ij.d. ||41. Itm in .iiij. minorib3 cacafe eneis i .j. vrciolo emp?/ ad easd 11/ (sic) lxx.g. 1 md'- qd. j. magn9 cacab3 1 .iij. minores ve?es/ dabant1' vna cu pdca pecunia p vas pdcis. || In life/ Wilo de Cantilupo p stipend suis hyemalib3 SC1I3 p. di anno/ |Sm".vj.li. vj.g. ij.d. ||42 a. x.g. q't. diu. || 41. Vasa osnea. The transition from papal exactions to brass kettles is rather abrupt. But it is Kemeseye's own doing; and, as transposition or sorting of articles is inadmissible, this must be taken as it is found, and we must go with the stream. It is enough if this and the preceding section are coincident as to time and place. One large and four smaller brass cauldrons and a pitcher were bought in London ; but, by a sort of economy not yet forgotten, some that were worn out were disposed of to the seller in the bargain. If the new ones were for the house in London little need be said : but, if for either of the country residences, they must have formed no very convenient addition to the luggage in their conveyance from and towards Herefordshire. ||42. Stipendia Hyemalia. The foregoing accounts, comprising chiefly the period from Michaelmas 1289 to Lady Day 1290, are closed by a statement of the winter's wages, the salaries of the household being settled half-yearly. Though the sums in several instances may appear trifling and inadequate, even when the different value of money is taken into consideration, it must be borne in mind that a principal part of the clothing and the whole of the maintenance of these dependents were furnished by their master, and that when they were " out of commons," extra domum, upon any service, their expenses were paid. They are classed under four heads. The list gives us the advantage of becoming acquainted, so far as their names, occupations, rank, and re muneration are concerned, with the different members of this establishment. From other evidence occasionally supplied by the Roll and Endorsement, it is clear that these are not all who were attached to the Bishop's service and engaged in his affairs ; for, to say nothing of remoter agents who were in his pay, several of his very active clerks in holy orders, who were provided for in the Church, and others, who were of essential use to him, and received clothing and occasional entertainment from him, are not enu merated here. The names, too, of these parties are not altogether uninteresting. Those of the upper class, and certain others, are gentilitial, or derived from places; but the major part, being altogether menials, descended from no race that had already acquired a marked distinction in society, receive tbeir appellations from their callings, and exhibit tbe source of many a family denomination transmitted with honour to their posterity long after the originating cause had ceased. Thus, besides Chaplain and Clerk, we bave the germ of the families of Baker, Butler, Carter, Chamberlain, Cook, Farrer, Hunter, Kitchener, Lardner, Palfreymau, Porter, in those who now were actually in THE ENDORSEMENT. 167 || I?. Rado de Marines p stip suo *>¦ ei9d ?i/ . . . . x.g. q't. || K. Johi Baseuil/ de eod ter- c- mino ..... x.s. q't. possession of no other designation than that received at the font, relieved from con fusion by the simple way exhibited in the list. The Christian names are also rather more refined, if the expression may be allowed, than those described in the Countess of Leicester's Roll, or the rustics of Piers Ploughman. Whether this may have been owing to the increasing influence of Norman French the writer will only suggest. It is remarkable, however, that, perhaps with one exception, there are no nicknames, con sidering the taste of the borderers as well as the natives of the principality for that style of compellation, not abandoned to the present day. There is only one Welshman, Ywon (Evan), among them. With regard to female attendants, no woman is recognised as belonging to the household. In various places and on different occasions their ser vices may be recognised as house-cleaners, sempstresses, and brewers, but they were unattached or clearly unattendant. Looking at the list, one might doubt whether the practice of naming a child after the existing sovereign or his heir apparent obtained in those days, for there is but one Henry and not a single Edward among the many before us.— ^Armigeri. The esquires come first, and foremost of them is Willielmus de Cantilupo. Though it cannot be asserted that he was the person alluded to in p. 116, he was a relation of the late Bishop Cantilupe, probably a nephew, whom, when that prelate went abroad, by proxy dated apud Fontanas in Normannia, kai. Julii, Anno Domini M.CC. Oclogesimo primo ,"¦ he appointed proctor for himself and his church during his absence. He styles him dilectum nobis in Christo Willielmum de Cantilupo clericum, but this last term does not always imply a clerk in orders. He is here seen as continued among the retinue ofthe next Bishop, and is placed in the post of honour at the head ofthe esquires. This individual is a long way in advance of his salary, quit. diu is the note on the extremity of the line at the right hand. A similar memorandum is made in a smaller hand against every line, to shew the payment or otherwise, and into whose hands it was made. The post of chief squire, for any thing that appears, may have been a sinecure in Cantilupe's case. Where he is, or what he has been doing to earn it, is nowhere shewn. But De Marines and Basevile were both occupied and part ners in duty. (See Dec. 3, July 12, 15, et alibi.) A John Basevylle was returned as one of the members for Ledbury when the boroughs began to be represented in the Par liament that met 13 Nov. 23 Ed. I. his sureties being as follow : Manuc' Joh'is Basevylle j j^ie WeM.'." a Cedula ad finem Reg. Cant. t> Palgrave, Pari. Writs, in anno. 168 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. ||Itm Deyn? de eod ?mino . di. m"r. q't i' mutuo diu d. ||ltAdem""rescallopeod?mino/ di. m"r. e. HVadlet' de ||R0feo ciico de capita p ?o aii- ||43 a. dco/ ..... .ij.g. vj.d. || It Rado clico de eod ?mino/ . ij.g. vj.d. q't, || Iij Johi carctar9 de eod ?o/ . iij.g. iiij.d. q't \\lij Rofeo caretar9 de eod ?o . iij.g. iiij.d. q't ||K. Ywon lardanar . . ij.g. vj.d. q't, j | It- Harpino . . . iij.g. iiij.d. q't b. K. carctar'. e. d.e. f. Basevile had been with the Bishop from the first year of his ordination, 1283." Deynte had served him from the same period. (See p. 139.) Some descendants of this family attempted to encroach upon the rights of the bishopric in the Chase under Malvern Hill, in the time of Bishop Trefnant, during tbe next century, as Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, had done when Cantilupe held the see. The pensions of tbe three first squires were higher than the remaining. Deynte had nothing to receive at pay-day, having anticipated it some time before by borrowing.b Adam, the marshal, was at the head of tbe stable department, and attended the huntsmen when they went out in quest of game. ||43. Vadleti de ministerio. If the esquires were directors and superintendents, these are the men to execute their orders in the various household departments within and without doors. Two clerks (lay ?) of the chapel take the lead ; one of them, Robert, is charged with no receipt, and, indeed, as his name does not occur again upon the summer list, (||63 a,) it may be concluded that his services had ceased. The pay of these clerks is among the lowest of this class of valets, though they are seniors in rank. They receive with the majority no more than 2s. 6d. while the two carters, Harpin, and one of the farriers, have 3*. id. and the other farrier 6s. Sd. Tbe distinction between the latter two is not obvious ; in the next half-year both these men quitted the service. (||63 1.) John, the head carter, alias de Kingessuod, is noted in p. 116. It seems that he did not happen to be in the way when the rest were paid, but his money was received by Robert his fellow-servant; q't. p'. R. carHar'. More hands than oue were requisite for managing the conveyance of such goods as sumpters were unable to bear. There was the long cart or waggon and tbe short cart ; there were the kitchen and the chamber carts. (||49.) Harpin, so frequently making his appearance in tbe field and on the road, is of special importance in his department, and must be particularly described. His name is the only one that prompts the suspicion of a nick-name. Harpin, in French, is a boat-hook or ferryman's pole, and might have been applied to him or one of his a. Reg. Swinf. f. 5 a. i> MSS. Harl. 6726, f. 167 a, THE ENDORSEMENT. 169 \\Iij Wtlo janitori . . . iij.g. iiij.d. q't. g- ||H Thorn1 palefridar9 . . ij.g. vj.d. q't. h- kindred, from slender height of personal appearance, or skill in seizing and securing game. Be this fanciful or otherwise as respects him or one so called before him, it is certain that he was the oiselleur, the fowler of the family, well versed in falconry and field-sports of this kind ; he had nets and an attendant, and in the season, when the huntsmen were out, he too was seldom at home. Whenever he is mentioned in October, November, and December, it is in expensis Harpini extra domum. In June he is watching an eyrie of young falcons to capture them as soon as they are fit to be taken. (Roll, pp. 4, 10, 15, 30.) He is to be traced in this capacity so far back as the winter of 1275, when Bishop Cantilupe gave an order for game to his bailiffs at Led bury, Ross, and Prestbury as follows : || Mandai um ballivo de Ledebury. — Thomas miseratione divina Episcopus Here- fordensis, dilecto in Christo filio, Waltero ballivo suo de Ledebury salutem et benedie- tionem. Mittimus ad vos dilectum valletum Willielmum de Nevyle latorem prassent'tum ad capiendum venacionem, quae in balliva vestra est istis temporibus capiendo, vobis man- dantes, quatenus eidem Waltero et its quos secum duxerit associandos, et canibus quos secum ducet, necessaria inveniatis, sicut dictus Willielmus vobis dicet ; et de omnibus quos circa prasdicta ad dictum suum impendetis, facialis taUiam contra eum. Super hiis auttm habeatis istas literas et talliam quam contra eum facieiis et suam contratal- liam sigillo suo signatam super vestrum compotum pro warranto. Valete. Datum apud Shyreburn' kl' Decembr'. Ad htec inveniatis Adas Harpyn, quem ad vos mitti mus pro perdicibus et aliis volalilibus capiendis sibi necessaria, sicut dictus Willielmus vobis dicet vel mandabit. Eodem modo mandalum est ballivo de Ros, et ballivo de Prestebury." This exhibits the system of keeping tallies upon which the bailiffs were required to act, and which has been adverted to elsewhere. But, though of so much consequence in his office, as one of the purveyors of this household, and being in constant employ ment and pay, he had a home of his own at Ross, which he owed to the bounty of Bishop Cantilupe, and from it he was sometimes denominated Harpin of Ross. This is the grant: || Carta Adas Harpini. \\Omnibus, etc. — Thomas de Cantilupo Dei gratia Here- fordensis salutem in domino. Noveritis nos dedisse, concessisse, et hac prtssenti carta nostra confirmasse Adas Harpin, unum mesmagium cum perlinentiis suis in villa de Ros, jacens videlicet inter curtilagium ad manerium nostrum de Ross perlinens, et regiam viam ducentem versus passagium de Wylton, quod continet in longitudine Lij°". pedes, et in latitudine xxx pedes, tenendum et habendum sibi et heredibus suis et assig- natis de nobis et successoribus nostris in feodo et heredilate libere et quiete, bene et a Reg. Cantil. f. x, b. The order is dateless, but is among other instruments of 1275. CAMD. SOC. Z 170 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. || It Thorn ferrator9/ . . iij.g. iiij.d. q't. i. || It Johi ferrator . . . vj.g. viij.d. [no' soluit"] q't. j. ||Ir! Robilardo de bu?/ . . ij.g. vj.d. q't. k. ||I! Henr9 de Bekkeford de 1. cama . . . •!)•§• vj.d. q't. || It Johi venator . . . ij.g. vj.d. p' ywone. q't. m. || It! Johi nucio . . . ij.g. vj.d. n. IIGarc'ones ||Itm Ade de capell de?o andco/ .ij.g. q't, p'. H. Bekkeford'. ||44 a. Dashed through. pacifice in omnibus locis et libertatibus in perpetuum, reddendo inde annuatim nobis et successoribus nostris ipse et heredes sui vel assignati xxij denarios argenti ad quatuor terminos anni in villa de Ros deputatos, pro omni servUio, consuetudine, exactione et sasculari demanda quos ad ten-am pertinet, vel pertinere possit, salvo regali servitio pertinente in villa de Ros. Nos vere et successores nostri prasdictum messuagium cum pertinentiis suis prcedicto Adce Harpin et heredibus suis vel suis assignatis contra omnes homines et fosminas in perpetuum. warrantizabimus. Hiis testibus : Thoma Coco, Willielmo Pyle, Willielmo de Markleya, Reginaldo Tinctore, Johanne Godman, Thoma le Mercer, Waltero filio Kytte, et multis aliis." His habitation in Ross, 52 feet in width by 30 in depth, on the edge of the Bishop's land, according to the above description, must have stood somewhere on tbe left of the old road leading out of the town, and on or below the steep formed by the passage through that ledge of cliffs that to the west overhangs the vale towards Wilton-upon- Wye, where, for three following centuries, the only passage over the river was by ford or ferry. It may be thought that the above details are more than sufficient to revive the unimportant memory of an obscure individual like Adam Harpin the fowler of Ross, consigned with all his associates long ago to oblivion. But, as he is frequently brought in upon the Roll, these extracts may be not inappropriately descriptive of the nature and length of his services and his reward. The inference will be that he deserved it. ¦ — —Johanni nuncio, n. The foreign messenger, p. 128. He does not receive his salary, for he had gone to Rome, and might not have returned on the day when the half-yearly reckoning took place. Probably from the same cause of absence his name is omitted in the next list of vadletti. Garciones, ||64. Junior domestics in rank, if not in age. The Irish have had their more modern gossoons corrupted from the same French term. Ada? de capella. a. He is another lay assistant ? in the chapel. n Reg. Cantil. f. 24 b. No date, but evidently 1276. THE ENDORSEMENT. 171 || IL Rofeo Calewe/ || IL Heyne de car°ta/ || Itm Johi de Arleye ||HWlloPetr9 de coq". || IL Ade de coq" . || IL Wito puo de ead. || It Rog pistori || I! Rog'o t'turator9 || IL Rogo garcoi Stephi. [| 1 1 garcoi Thome de Dane/ || It Rofeo de pan9iis de coq"" xviij.d. q't p'. H. Bekkeford' ij.s. q't. ij.s. q't. p' Heyne soe' suu'. ij.g. q't p' Ada'. ij.g. q't xviij.d. q't. p' Ad' de coq" .ij.g. q't. xviij.d. n' soluit'. xviij.d. q't. xviij.d. n' soluit' xviij.d. q't. Roberto Calewe. b. (Dec. 17, 22.) from the Callow? a hill south of Hereford. He took a leading part in charcoal-burning, brewing, and getting in the Whitborne harvest, ||46 b. Johanni de Arleye. d. As to this person it cannot with certainty be deter mined whether he is the same John of Earley, heir to the manor of that name near Reading, whom both Cantilupe and Swinfield successively held in ward, and whose wardship had now almost expired. The reader must consult the preceding abstract for some account of him. He would hardly be ranked so low among the menials as fellow to Heyne socium suum, whoever the latter might be. From his expectations he would be more on a footing with young Dunr', though farther advanced in age ; if, like him, he was present and at board upon the establishment, which there is reason to think he had ceased to be. — —Willielmo Petr' de coquina. e. The cook has more than one to help him, and in truth he needed it. Let any one look at the usual bills of fare in the diary, even on days of abstinence, and he will be convinced that the cook and his part ners could have had no light task in ministering to the appetites of such a party. As William was sick and left behind in the country, (March 2, p. 59,) about the time that the stipends were settled, another received his pay, quit' per Adamum. Rogero pistori. h. For the reason above adduced, the baker and thresher must have found constant though perhaps not such incessant employment. With regard to Roger the baker, when his health failed, about the dog-days, (p. 105,) it was found necessary to call in two tempo rary assistants to supply his place. Rogero, garcioni Stephani. j. He waits upon Stephen my lord's brother, who is dressed and entertained as a gentleman. Thomas de Dane, too, has a servant, (k.) being the Bishop's man of business, and, as such, his re presentative on certain occasions. Roberto de paneriis coquinos. 1. He seems to have been appointed to take care of the kitchen panniers, or else the pantry concerns, comprising the bread and napery." It may, however, be well believed, if the former interpretation J- k. 1 & See Ducange, Gloss, in v. Panetarius. 172 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. || I? Wtto ^bpalefridar9 . . xviij.d. q't.— m. II Pag'. ||IL Dikoni de carcta long1/ . xviij.d. q't. ||45 a. || It. puo pag. de pist'no . xij.d. q't p'. R. pistore. I' ll I! Rofeo Blundett . . xij.d. q't. c. ||II [Wfto pag? *] Jofei de Bose- d. bur9. ..... xij.d. q't. || II cuid alii pag de somar . vj.d. q't. e- || II. Hardy pag1 . . . xij.d.) f. 1IT, ¦ri T ... ~. P.- Sauuage ad op9 dni. c.s. p man9 Willi de Egedon vallett dni Afefeis Wygemor . In life/ Johi de Baseuilt rone vni9 eq' que pdidit anno p'mo q° venit ad dnm ad vnu aliu eqii que emit hoc anno, xxxvj .g. de p. diii apd Bosefe ad fm Sci Johis ante Porta La?. ||Sm". vj.li. xvj.g. absent, apparently at once, or how he dispensed with their attendance, the missing portion of the roll, to which much of this affair relates, forbids us even to conjecture. Once, however, (1120,) a hint is given of his having been at a place called Coleshill or Coleshell, and of considerable sums being spent there, (||56,) but we can get no farther as to the identity of that place, or any other transactions that occurred at it. ||46 m. In .iiij. candelabris ligneis. Two pair of wooden candlesticks for the Bishop's chapel come in very unexpectedly at this place, at the end of board-wages in harvest. That bis lordship had chapels at the principal manor-houses where he re sided there can be no doubt. One at Sugwas existed within the memory of man. The material of which these candlesticks were made almost prompts a thought, that, like portable altars, they might have formed part of a provision for divine service on journeys. The Pope granted a licence to William de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, owner of Goodrich Castle, to have such an altar that bis chaplain might celebrate mass to the»family in any convenient place. This is dated at Civita Vecchia, kai. Jul. 1290." * The article ||47b. In quatuor libellis, 8(c. had been inserted at this place, but was afterwards cancelled, and introduced as it now stands. ||47 a. Equi empti. After all the inquiries instituted for a proper horse, and the several presents in this way offered and in part returned, (||31, 33,) my lord is at length provided with one bought of the executors of Sir Gilbert le Sauvage. A family of this name were lords of Lene, near Pembridge,b which latter place the Bishop visited, May 23. On the other hand the connexion between the Abbat of Wigmore, whose servant brought this horse, and Neen-Savage, near Cleobury Mortimer, favours the notion that this might be a Savage of that branch, if they still retained their bold upon the spot on which they had engrafted their name. Tbe Abbat was, however, at this time patron of the living, and had rent of assize in the parish.c It is nigh Tenbury, where Swinfield was on April 12. Taking it either way, as far as such materials may lead us, this new purchase may be assigned to about the above period. Baseville's nag was also bought about the same season of spring (Saint John Port. Lat. falls on May 6), when roadsters are usually most in request. He seems, by the mode in which this transaction is re- » Eymer, II. p. 532. •> Reg. Swinf. f. 170 b. " Tax. P. Nich. pp. 165 a, 160 b. 176 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. ||In. q"tuor libel! emp? a fre Wllo de Wateuile de ordin9 frrS peniten? ih9u x1/ iiij.g. II cuida garcoi q' ptau4 eosde. iij.d. ||Sm". iiij.g. iij.d. ||Sm" hur9 q'nti rotli. x.li. xj.g. x.d. ofe.1 Illt'mCam'a ||Itr3/ in xiiij. viii linee tele/ xvij.g. xj.d. In oblacone diii ? |]48. familie die Pasch/ iiij.g. j.d. In lotur" panno^ p vias visitando vid3 apd Castm Epi9. Wigemor9. Castm Ricard. i Eye/ ij.g. j.d. q". In expn9 Harpini i berkario^ oducen? oues i agnos emp? apd Monte-Gonii vsq, Ledebur9/ xxij.d. ofe. In lithrri p Deynte/ ij.g. 1 An error of ten shillings. It should be x.li'. j.s'. x.d'. ob'. lated, to have been not long domiciliated with the Bishop, at least in his quality of esquire ; his first year of service being closely contrasted with this as his second year. ||47 b. In quatuor libellis. Except a psalter considerately provided for young Dunr', (||22,) very little, so far as can be discovered, was expended in buying books, though ink and parchment, or vellum, are traced here and there. It was far from being a reading age. These four MSS. volumes, from their size and price, were probably de votional, and the friar penitentiary who sold them a scribe. This completes the fifth membrane of the series. ||48. Camera. The same title recurs as that adopted at ||22, and it announces a miscellany extending through five ensuing sections. It is the summer and autumnal receptacle of domestic varieties, though a few refer to transactions in other quarters. The mixture betrays itself in the outset, where forty-three yards of linen are followed by the customary gift at the offertory for the head and rest of the family on Easter day, April 2. They were then at Colwall. The washing-bills during the visitation in May will, with others, be brought under one view hereafter. In expensis Harpini et berkariorum. This affair pertains also to May. In the first week of that month Swin field and his retinue were gradually making their way towards Bishop's Castle, which tbey reached on the 8th. (See pp. 79, et seq.) A fair was held annually at Mont gomery for three days after the Invention of the Holy Cross, May 3 ;" and thither in the mean time Harpin had repaired to buy ewes and lambs, which he and certain shep herds drove up to Ledbury. This lot of lean Welsh sheep would turn out profitably by being transferred to better pasture. (See p. 152.) In lithmo. The use that could be made of lithmus is rather puzzling. It seems too volatile to have been used in ink, too weak unless mixed with something else for marking sheep, and yet the juxta position of this and the preceding article draw, whether inaccurately or otherwise, towards such a conclusion. a Eot. Lit. Claus. p. 23 b. THE ENDORSEMENT. 177 vij.d. In exp Folio? ex" dom ptan? Iras dni c'ca Pentec .iij.d. ofe. In exp. W. Kyde c'ca emptcom ou cu stipend fugan? easd. xij.d. ofe. In pgameno. iiij.g. In bule?iis ad pist'nu ix.d. In lotur" pannoa apd Penebrugg/ viij.d/ In expens .J. carectar; cu t'b3 hoib3/ i q"tuor eq's vs9 London ibidem i redeund in septim Pentec cii rofe i specieb3 1 aliis/ vna cii expn Thome de la Dan; i R. de Bokland homi/ i eq°£ suos London p .ij. dies/ i inde vsq, ad dnm apd Sugwas p manu dcti .J. carectar . xxvj.g. ix.d. o. q". In .ij. era? i corda I1 curtam carectam q' fuit Lond. vj.d. || Sm". lxij.g. vij.d. ofe. Qu. ad : There is something more intelligible in Foliot's expedition about Whitsuntide with my lord's letters concerning Pons', alias Pontius de Cors, a foreign ecclesiastic, who gave the bishop much trouble by interfering with his patronage through a papal pro vision. The story, too long for insertion in this place, may be read in the Introductory Abstract under May 1 4, et seq. Kyde. If this account had been regulated by dates it would not have looked so strange that the expenses of W. Kyde, the superintendent of stock (|| 60 e.) in buying and driving sheep should immediately be succeeded by parchment, and that again by bolting-cloths for the bake-house, and the last by wash ing. It may be just observed that the washing at Pembridge, May 23, cost more in proportion than the four previous processes of that kind in the same month ; but that on the day following they went to visit a noble lady, Maud de Mortimer, when of course they were bound to appear in their cleanest and best attire. In expensis .J. careclarii. John ie Kingessuod, the carter, took his team of four horses, and three men with him up to London, about Whitsuntide, and returned with a load of materials for lighter clothing, and other articles that have been already enumerated in the sum mary of spices (||6 b), and brought them to my lord's residence at Sugwas. That was the depository of spices as Bosbury was of wine. Thomas de la Dane and R. de Bok land, who had been in Kent about Easter, are represented as joining the party in London. Kingessuod was the paymaster of this expedition, and literally accounted for it to a farthing. It has often been seen wllat an ubiquitary Thomas de la Dane was. Besides his movements in winter, he comes out of Kent at Easter as far as Northleacb, and returns to Kent through London (||21). At Whitsuntide he again repairs to London, and thence to Sugwas, from which place he goes to Oxford, and then again into Kent. In all these places he is transacting business for my lord (||56). Curtam carectam. The short cart was fitted at London with two crates and a cord. Some of its load must have been precious, and required to be well secured (||6 b). CAMD. SOC. 2 A 178 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. ||Iti3 in repacone sella^ sormajp i alia^ sella^. crupio^ is aliis ||49. einda?/ ij.g. v.d. In emendac6ib3 car°ta^ vid3. coq'ne t Carrie diusis/ v.g. iij.d. ofe. In lofa pannojp apd Sugwas/ c'ca fm Sci Barnab9/ iij.g. In. q"dam forfice ad marescalS/ 1 .j. note ad eand/ xiij.d. II in curialita? 1 remun9acone fea Wllo carctar9 de Sugwas q' les9 est in ^uico diii i duxit curtam car°tam diu cu dno i visitando/ iij.g. In emdacone chatenax ad car°tas i aliis diusis ad max/ ij.d. ofe. q". In lotur" panno^ apd Bosebur9/ xj.d. Itni. In .j. tapeto emp? ad op9 Griffin9 Walens1/ xv.d. Itm custodi ||49. In reparatione sellarum, &;c. Repairs of sumpter and other saddles, cruppers, and carts are the consequences of their long spring and summer rambles. The section of Camera for the former half-year exhibits many more. — ¦ — In quadam forfice, 8fc. Pointed allusion is made to farriery in tbe months of May and June (Roll, pp. 86, 98). During and after their long tug on roads of all kinds, through the counties of Salop, Radnor, Hereford, and the borders, attention to this part of the service would be requisite. Flote is a coarse rasp used by smiths, and applied to iron when it is in a heated state. Willielmo carectario. The same William who has been before men tioned at M27 - Only my lord's considerate feeling towards him on account of his acci dent is shewn; but where or bow he was hurt is left unnoticed. In j. tapeto empto ad opus Griffini Walensis. Here is a third Welshman in addition to Garganus and Ywon or Evan, pp. 153, 168. He was presented either with a rug or piece of woollen stuff, as an article of dress ; or, as the word tapetum is sometimes interpreted, a blanket or hang ing for his bed. In one or other of the latter senses it is used in the Cambrias Epitome attributed to Walter Mapes, and inserted in his Latin poems ;a where the employment of such a luxury is included among various other circumstances symptomatic of tbe advance of that nation in some ofthe arts of civilisation. Hortos et agros excolunt ; Ad oppida se conferunt ; Et loricati equitant, Et calciati peditant ; Urbane se reficiunt ; Et sub tapetis dormiunt : Ut judicentur Anglici Nunc potius quam Wallici. And this has been rendered by an old translator of the 15th century : They tillen gardens, felde, and dounes, And drawe hem to good tounes ; a Edited tiy T. Wright, esq. Camd. Soe. London, 1841, p. 137. THE ENDORSEMENT. 179 nemor9 de Credei p custodia nemor9 i nisoa ibide/ vj.d. ItrS in Iris diii ptand p Folio? p pies vices/ xij.d. ItiS in Ins1 dni ptand p eund ad Brug1 North/ iij.d. In serur9 ad ostia carna^ apd Witeborn9/ iij.d. ||Sm". xix.g. ij.d. q". ||Iti2 cuid ambulator9 informan? duos pullanos diii/ iij.g. In ||50. .ix. capistr9 de coreo pp'o faciend. vj.d. In bahur9 i aliis diusis They ride armed as wole god, And goo y-hose and y-shood, And sitten faire at hir mele, And slepe in beddesfair and fete : So they seme now in mynde More Englissh than Walsh kinde." Custodi. A reward for the extra services of the woodward of Cradley : besides attend ing, according to the duty of his post, to prevent depredation among the underwood and timber, he undertook to watch the young eyesses or falcons (as Harpin did, see Roll, June 9) up to tbe critical period when they are just sufficiently fledged to leave tbe nest ; for if they are taken out of it before they are, in the language of the falconer, fully summed and well penned, their wings never grow to perfection. Seruris ad ostia. The locks for chamber doors at Whitborne prove that this part of the reign of Edward I. was not a golden age. || 50. Ambulatori informanti duos pullanos. The two colts can be accounted for. One was a present from the Prior of Chirbury (||33), the other a purchase for the bishop's own riding (||59 o). Spurs were provided for the trainer, and in this article he and his charge pass, as it were, before us. The term ambulator, unknown to tbe Romans in this acceptation, is happily adopted in mediaeval Latin' as expressive of the process employed in the manege, both when tbe animal is taken in hand and after it is mounted. Our modern English word jockey conveys no such precise notion ; and the participle informantis is very descriptive of his bringing the colt into form and order by the system of mouthing, leading, and pacing. It seems to throw light upon that ren dering in the old version of the Psalms attached to the Liturgy, " I will inform thee and teach thee in the way wherein thou shalt go ;" particularly when the context ofthe following verse is taken with it : " Be ye not like unto horse and mule, whose mouths must be held with bit and bridle ;"e by this the metaphor is completed, and the peculiar propriety ofthe old term inform in'this passage sufficiently established. This remark, however professional, will not be considered more irrelevant to the antiquarian reader for its being founded upon one of the oldest books in the world. Bahur', Bahudium. Du Cange. A large box for the bishop's linen, sheets or shirts, or both, a Id. p. 352. b Du Cange, Gloss, in v. applies it to tlie horse — an ambler. c Psalm xxxii. v. 9, 10. 180 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. de garderob9 emendand/ viij.d. In lintheaminib3 1 rofe lineis ad op9 dni faciend/ vj.d. In .j. sella nou ad peq'tatore car°te came9 .iij.g. vj.d. In emdacone sellax somia^ i sett dni/ xvj.d. In .iiij. tel cingW/ xj.d. In. emendacone lauator9 aule/ iij.d. In lotura pannoa apd Whyteburn in estate, v.g. vj.d. II in messag1 feis p Folioth. ij.d. 6. In .ij. buket? ad demo's1 collig'ndam/ ij.d. In incausto/ j.d. 6. q". In .j. barillo ad aq"m bridcam capett ducenda/ ij.d. In pellib3 wlpin9 correand ad cooptor9 i consuend/ viij.d. In .vij. cor9 bou mac? ad fm Sci M"r?ni pceden? tannan- for lintheamen is often applied to either of them, would be an essential piece of furniture in the wardrobe, and demand repair, because the linen was new and just made up at the cost of sixpence. Prasequitatorem carectas cameras. No informa tion transpires as to the number of horses attached to the different vehicles, though we have the names of drivers. But it is a proof of the additional care of the chamber-cart that it had a rider or postillion attached to it. The apparent absurdity in translating ^raequitator by postSSMots is sufficiently cleared by the derivation of the words. Sella domini. The bishop's saddle was sent to be repaired, but it will be shewn (||52), that he was afterwards better provided. In .iiij. telis cingulorum. It seems by this and ||25 that, comparing it with modern usage, no better invention has been substituted than webbing for the girths of horses since the time of Edward I. Lavatorii aula. Gives a little peep into the interior of one of the residences. There was a lavatory or public washing-place for the family in the hall, convenient for resort before their meals. Tbe monks of Gloucester had their washing-place in the north of their great cloister, with a recess opposite for hanging up their towels, near the door of the refectory, as may be seen to this day. In .ij. bukeltis ad elemosinam colligendum. Two alms-bags, one for each of the chaplains, The alms in this instance were not for public distribution to the poor, if the application of their use, subsequently explained, be considered admis sible. Ad aquam benedictam. The chaplains carried about the holy water employed in various ways, and especially at the consecration and visitation of churches, several of which are alluded to in the Roll. These took place chiefly during the spring and summer, to which the present part of the account manifestly alludes. Robert and Ralph are the two chaplains named in the foregoing list (||43 a, b). The barrel that contained the water had a covering of fox's leather ? Provision was made by a Constitu tion of Archbishop Boniface or Robert Winchelsey with respect to poor clerks, called Aquas bajuli, who were appointed to the office of bearing this sacramental, wherein the office is ranked as a benefice, and parishioners are required to give them the usual alms.' The custom of contributing in this way was originally instituted to provide for such a Lyndwood, Provinc. pp. 142, 143. THE ENDORSEMENT. 181 dis/ xiij.g. iij.d. In .j. pe bes"ciaz (sic) .vij. capistr9 i .j. pct'nal/ v.g. In .j. freno nouo .j. pe habenaa. i cordis ad t"ynett/ ij.g. In .ij. tel cinglajj .viij. pib3 pusculox .ij.g. iij.d. In .m1. clauofc/ xv.d. In .j. pe calcar9 ad pullos eq'tand/ i aliis minu? .iiij.d.' ofe. In .j. st'gii .ij.d. ofe. || Sm". xli.g. x.d. q". ||Itm in .xij. clut? cu clau/ xviij.d. In .j. coreo bou emp?/ ij.g. ||51. vj.d. In .j. corda ad carctam earner9/ viij.d. In burris ad sellas/ vij.d. In q'ssinis emendand cu cor9 ad easd/ ij.d. In capistr9 emdand i t"ynett i ce?is de mai corrigrid/ v.d. q". In .j. par9 caligaa p diio .J. de Sheluing .xiiij.d. In lotura panno£ apud Colewett ante Assupcoem fee Mar9, iiij.g. vj.d. In. mltimod expii. Folio?/ ex" dom in negoc drii nc/ i alias/ xj.d. ofe. II in sepo p carectis .ij.g. iiij.d. In exp. Thorn palefridar ex" in negociis dni/ missi ad dnm Egid de Berkei .iij.d. In sella somii coq'ne emend .xx.d. In curialitate Blundello i Bosebur9 pagiis/ q, no pcipunt1 Qu. perceperunt : youths by way of exhibitions for them in the schools. In .vij. coriis bovinis. A rem nant of the produce of the Martinmas slaughter of cattle re-appears in seven tanned hides. Fifty-two oxen killed at that time (Roll, p. 24) ought to have amply furnished them with tallow and leather for borne consumption. To be able to have recourse to our own leather, proprium corium, p. 138, as tbe writer expresses it, for making or mending harness and other stable articles, and the repair of boots and shoes, was no mean point of economy and advantage, and yet the next section shews that they had not reserved enough for their use. Besaciarum. The word is obscurely penned as though the writer had been uncertain about the spelling. It has been awkwardly corrected and is still somewhat obscure. There need, however, be little doubt that it is intended for besagia alias bisacuta, a two-edged tool, a twibill. — Du Cange. Roque fort. Gloss. ||51. J. de Sheluing'. This person, viho, with others ofthe same family, pp. 119, 122, have been objects of particular attention to Swinfield, is placed upon the same footing with regard to presents of necessary articles of dress, with the young people, Richard my lord's nephew, and Walter de Dunr' his ward. The present section re lates in part to gifts of this kind : in ||54 must be sought the half-yearly distribution of summer suits. Two pages, named Blundell and (John of) Bosbury, (||45 c, d) who had received only a tunic a-piece, and leather for shoes, during the whole year, had a present 182 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. p annu n' .j. tunica9 i qo^ ad calciamta .ij.g. In .j. panio?1 de duab3 pec [emp? Lond2] .vij.g. j.d. In .j. pixid. nun2 deping London .xix.d. Itni i .x. [iiij3] vlnis linee tele ad op9 diii/ Johis de Sceluing1 .v.g. vj.d. II in .ij. viii ad op9. Wal? de Dunr9 ix.d. In dcis lineis rofe consuend .iij.d. In .ij. pib3 sotular9 ad op9 Rici filii Stephi i W. de Dunr9/ v.d. 6. In .j. pe caligar9 ad op9 W. de Dunr9/ vij.d. ||Sm" .xxxiiij.g. xj.d. q". (sic) In. || In .j. sella noua emp? Wigorn9 ad op9 diii cu freno sn cooptor / ||52. xiiij. g. iij.d. In pgaiS emp? Heford/ vij.d. In minu? hne^ emd 1 Qu_ere. s Interlined. 3 Inserted. of one shilling each besides their wages. In .j. pixide. The painting of another messenger's box is paid for in London; each of them therefore had one. Ad dominum Egidium de Berkei'. An errand of Thomas, the groom, acquaints us with the fact that the bishop had occasion to hold communication with Sir Giles de Berkeleye, one of the king's justiciaries. In the dispute between Swinfield and Gifford of Clifford, about the wardship of Dunr', p. 132, he had been appointed by special commission, together with Walter de Helyun, to settle that affair." This was in 1284, and if the message indi cated in the text was sent, as it appears to have been, in the summer or autumn of 1290, and Sir Giles continued to hold office, he could not have been among those unworthy ministers of the law whose corrupt practices had been already severely chas tised. There is a gap in the history of this reign b as respects this signal reform, of which the particulars and even the names of the guilty parties have been in a great degree designedly or accidentally kept out of sight ; and it is pleasing to be able to point out one at least who may be concluded to have been exempt from the guilt and punish ment of so many of his fellows ? ||52. A new horse not unfrequently involves the adoption of a new saddle and bridle. The bishop must have both this year, though his old saddle had been repaired (||50). Worcester was the market in which they were to be bought. That city might then have been, what it certainly in after times has been, more advanced than Hereford in the arts of life. Independently of this it might be fancied that his predilections would be in favour of the trade of Hereford, since the inhabitants, in an ecclesiastical sense, were his own people. But their conduct towards him in secular matters, it will be seen, was not conciliatory, as this document and his own register shew. Thus Foliot goes away to Oxford to lay in a stock of twelve dozen and a half of skins of parchment. » Eeg. Swinf. 27 a. b gef, Gent Mag> for March> ls62, p. 265. THE ENDORSEMENT. 183 .iij.d. In sacc ad pann9 puerojp diii faciend .iij.d. In .iiij. duoden9 is dimid pgameni ep? Oxon In c"stio Sci Mich .iij.g. iiij.d. In expeng Folioth qren tis' illud pgamenu .vj.d. In minutis p fre .ij.s. pagio in ThoiS i vno loketto .ij.d. In ere viridi .iij.d. ||Sm" .xix.g. vij.d. HExpn' senec'. ||In exp senescatt impet"ntis remed 9" panag1 Heford/ apd ||53. Rokingh"m cora dno9 Reg1/ xl.s. ||Sm" pat3. || Sm" hi9 .v.1 rotuli .x.li .xviij .g. ij.d. q". Il^0.be || In .j. panno de bluetto p diio p dno (sic) 1. q"tuor pannis 1 1|54 a. .vij. vlnis ei9de secte p clericis vestiend in estate .xxiiij .li. II in .iiijor. pannis. 1 .j. roba panni st"gulati ad op9 scutif9ojp .xiiij.1T. xvij.g. vj.d. In .j. sindon9 afforciat p diio .x.g. v.d. Ite in .xij. 1 lb should have been vj . Verdigrise is again bought, see p. 143, as though it were for ink, and in connexion, too, with friar Thomas the writer, p. 142. It may be mentioned that they used this pre paration of copper for various purposes besides ink, in making green wax for sealing legal instruments, and sometimes to cure the foot-rot in sheep.?- -Uno loketto. The introduction of a crook in this place, just before the words ere viridi, seems to draw the application of this material to the purpose last assigned to it. || 53. Senescalli. Sir William de Mortuomari, Mortimer, the high-steward, p. 142. For an explanation of the affair here alluded to, the reader is referred to ||58 a, where it is again brought forward with many particulars. -.v. rotuli. It is a clerical error : this is the conclusion of the sixth roll ; but the same error is continued to tbe end. || 54 a. Robos eeslivales. The foregoing miscellaneous entries of chamber and steward's travelling expenses are succeeded by a collective view of the materials and making-up of summer dresses for certain of tbe household who were admitted with the master to the luxury of a change. These are shewn in ||48 to have been brought from London to Sugwas about Whitsuntide, or the middle of May. My lord came there at the latter end of the month. Bluetto. If blanket be of woollen texture, bluett and russett (||60 h, i, k) may be presumed to have been of a similar quality, though finer, as for warmer weather ; and, indeed, the shearing hereafter mentioned points it out to have been so ; but comparison proves the bluett to have been far more expensive than the others. Ejusdem sectas. Bishop and clerks, as in the winter, were dressed in the same suit. That of the squires too, as in the former case, p. 112, was distinguished Sir B. C. Hoare, Hist, of Wilts, Hundr. of Mere, p. 205. Roll of Accounts, 24 Ed. I. 184 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. sindoii i di. de cursu p clericis .iiij .IT. xv.d. In pannis pdctis retondend. vestib3 dni. Magri Rogfy Stephi ffis dni. Thome de la Dane. Regin de Boklaund/ cindend i cosuend/ vna cu ligafa laqis serico ad robas eoijde .xxiij.g. vj.d. ofe. ||In .xvj. furur9 agninis p scutifer9 .xlvij. g. j.d. In .iij. capuc de bug1 ad op9 dctoji. S. Th. i Regiri .iiij.g. vj.d. In .xxj. vlnis caneuac. ad trussand pannos i life ad gardobam dni .v.g. iij.d. In .j.flach ad coopiend pannos i dimissa in gardrofe .xvj.d. In panno mixto ad .j. tabard ad op9. S. ffis dni .x.g. vj.d. In' .vj. vlnis 1 di panni mixti cu retonsione ei9de ad .j. roba p Wal?o de Dunr i cu .j. fur9 capuc ei9de .x.g. j.d. In .j. capello 1 aliis minutis ad op9 ei9de .xiij.d. ||Sm" .xlviij.li. xij.g. vj.d. 6. by stripes. Something of a richer sort, either as part or the whole of a dress for par ticular occasions, or as a change, is expressed by sindon. This again was restricted to the bishop and clerks ; but the article is designated as a sindon ; and therefore bears the meaning of an entire garment. That of my lord was better than the rest, afforciato. Pannis prosdictis. The pieces of bluett, like the keyneth for winter, underwent the preliminary process of clipping ; and the binding, lace, and silk used in making them up intimate that the articles themselves were of no ordinary kind. The clerks who shared in this costly distinction were, as before, Master Roger de Sevenak, Stephen my lord's brother, Thomas de la Dane, and Reginald de Boklaund or Boclond, who accompanied de la Dane in bringing this cargo to Sugwas. ||54 b. Fururis agninis. Though all this was for summer wear, these dresses could not be finished without ornamental fur. The squires, as before, had lamb-skins ; the clerks, budge, for their hoods. So much has been bandied about in the way of expla nation with regard to this term, Minsbew referring it to kids, and Johnson to lambs, that it may seem superfluous or presumptuous in the commentator to offer an opinion different from anything that he has hitherto met with as to its derivation or signification. He is not aware that it has ever been referred to the Welsh substantive bwch, deer, a word that in the border country of Irchinfield is used to describe the small mountain- cattle of the principality to this day. Budge seems to have been the close-haired fur of the deer, or blackish-brown Welsh ox, such as appears on the trimming of some cor poration gowns. Canevacii. Flachia. Canvass for packing and protecting the valuable bundle on the journey ; a flage to cover the contents from dust when they were taken out and removed into the wardrobe. Stephen de Swinfield had a tabard, his usual dress. He had worn one in the winter, p. 112, but this was of a lighter sort, a mixture of linen and woollen ? more suitable to the season. In several of the notices of Walter de Dunr' be is characterised as a little boy. He also wore a dress of mixed cloth ; it was clipped and set off with a fur hood ; and he had in .j. capello, a. small hat, or cape? THE ENDORSEMENT. 185 II Iter' Expn' ||In solucone feta tegulator9 apd Wymelingeweld aii PenI in ||55. de]aDane0m ?te stlP» suof ¦xiiij.g. II eode m° plastrator9 ibide .x.g. It car- pentar [circa coq'na i paliciu1] ibide in pte stipn suoa .xx.g. II aliis carp9ntar9 p lardar9 n q"dam domo iux"" porta fac .xx.g. In aula i camis q' fuerut Stephi capiii co°piend .xvj.g. In .x. magnis q"rter 1 di aueii ad pbend eq°f ibide .xij.g. In .ij. q"r? furfur . p eisde .ij.g. In .l. copp de vise ad forag eozde eq°a .xij.s. vj.d. ||Sm" .vj.li. xv.s. vj.d. || If i me m bord clauis teglis ad dom iux" portam coq'na ||56. pist'na/ dresser '/ cementar / cii stipn carpentarioz cemtario^. celatra capelle/ gumfis vtenett diusis. stipn teglatoz/ calce/ plas- t"tur / p'g i pan? i aliis minutis fctis apd Wymeling aii autupnu hoc anno .xiij.li. xiij.d. Interlined. He was treated with the usual consideration shewn f t heirs of ample estates in ward, by being allowed two suits in a year. This was the i ule with orphans of noble families. Young Warren, a ward of the king, residing with the royal children at Langley, was furnished with two robes a-year, one at Christmas, the other at Easter, " as the sons of great lords are accustomed to have."" || 55. Iterum, A further statement of moneys disbursed by Thomas de la Dane in Kent. The buildings and improvements at Womenswould went on during the whole summer. Tilers and plasterers were fitting up and roofing in, and carpenters were at work upon the kitchen, paling, larder, and some lodge near the gate. In the common parlance of the country these workmen appear to bave nursed their job, for they had been engaged upon it ever since the previous Christmas, unless the undertaking were a very heavy one, or they few in number. The hall and chambers, sometime belonging to Stephen at feld, or de la Felde, vicar of Fownhope, pp. 123, 124, 161, that seem to have been uncovered, were newly roofed. In ,x. magnis quarterns. Some of the corn consumed by tbe horses while they were hawling materials is measured by great quarters. Edward I. fixed the statutable quarter of. London at eight bushels;" these probably measured more, as in the case of the hundred and long hundred (magna centena, more than once in the Roll), or the imperial and customary measure in these modern times. || 56. The subject of Womenswould is continued. A building beside the gate, tbe a Wardrobe fragment of about this period. Green, Lives ofthe Princesses, II. 297, note 5. •> Assisa de Pond, et Mens. Statutes of the Eealm, pp. 204, 205. CAMD. SOC. 2 B 186 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. [HVadlef de ministr'2] qj inferius In auena ad equos carien? pdcta forag fen ferr clauis ad eosde/ lifeaconib3 famlo^ vlt" bladu loci stipn eofcd/ vne? ad car .lxxij.g. In rotis ad carc? i aliis ptiii ad easdem i biad coUigend in autiipno .xxij.g. ix.d. In feno empt ibide 9" aduentu drii .xxix.g. In .xxvj. ouib3 emp? ibid .xxxij.g. vj.d. II in st"mle empt ibid 1 in redd solu? In .j. carecta 1 aliis emp? apd Seluing/ past'a cui9da eq' ibide/ 1 .j. sella surriar assign Thome de Dan p negociis diii .xix.s. x.d. 6. In lifeacoib3 1 aliis fctis expii ibide [de1] pcepto dni .liiij. g. x.d. In variis expii fctis apd Colesbett p man Til de Dane .xj.li. vj.g. viij.d. In expii ei9de Th 1 diii .J. de Seluing receden? de Sugwas in sepl Pentec vsq Oxon cii expii ei9de Th inde vsq i Cane cii expii diusox in?currentiu garconii/ 1 redeu? ad dnm cu vno par ocreaz 1 sotui. 1 .j. par caligaa ad op9 ei9d Th . xxxix. g. q"~. ||Sm" .xxxvij.li. xvij.g. viij.d. o. q". [||Itm I life Thom 1 Johi ferratorib} q' recesserut die .Vij. dor- ||57. 1 Inserted. Dashed through. kitchen, the bakehouse, wages of workmen, and cost of materials are separately speci fied, but the whole is thrown into a gross sum. It is here incidentally discovered that the chapel (||10) was sufficiently advanced to be ceiled before the autumn. The seed that was sown in tillage (||13) is now converted into a crop, and certain servants who assisted in gathering it in, ultra bladum loci, beyond the regular season for which they had been engaged ? were additionally remunerated. Sheep were bought to stock the land ; a cart was procured at Seluing (q. Shelven, Selling, or Sellinge in Kent") and a horse was put out to tack there. My lord came down to inspect these building and farming operations ? and hay and straw were bought against his arrival : this fact would, probably, have been more fully evident had the missing portion of the Roll been preserved, which might have contained the date of his visit to Coleshell, whither he was attended by De la Dane. The disbursements of the latter when he went with Sir John Seluing to Oxford, and again into Kent about Whitsuntide, wind up all that is re corded of the peregrinations of that traveller for this year, and with payments to sundry couriers between him and the Bishop, and shoemaker's charges, bring this section and the seventh roll, erroneously stated to be the sixth, to an end, for || 57. An article immediately preceding the sum total, and relating to two farriers, a To this may be added SteUing. See the remark in p. 122. THE ENDORSEMENT. 187 mien? de Colewett p rata stipend suos estiuat p eq"li porcone .iiij.g. ' IISnT/nij.g.1] ||Sm" hi9 .vj. [vij] rotuli ex" .iiij.,XXl xiij.li. v.g. ix.d. q". Her^eTaHis ' "*n exP" senescam euntis ad Regem apd Rokingh"m/ de Bose- ||58. sen' bur9/ i redeun? illuc ad dnm cu bri9 Reg1 dircto vet vt burg n1 capent ad panagiu de hoib3 diii .xlvj.g. II in remissione fea dno .W. de Mortuo mari sen in pte exp/ q"s fecit 1 de q'l:>3 ric alloca- Dashed through. has been cancelled by the writer, who has made it more appropriately the last entry in ||62, 1. ||58. Pro panagio. Several circumstances, persons, and places introduced into this article invite the detailed explanation adverted to in ||53. Haywood forest, pannage- money, the burgesses of Hereford, the Bishop's men, the high steward of his estates, and his Majesty at Rockingham, are here brought together, the whole of which may be thus connected. The forest of Haywood, nearest and close to Hereford on the south, now hardly existing, save in a local name, had from earlier days belonged to the crown, and is alluded to in Domesday, where it is stated that one of the men of Hereford from each habitation in that then little town was bound to attend at the stand in the wood, whenever it was the king's pleasure to bunt there. It had its officers, its head forester and verderers ; and in tbe year 1300 was perambulated, when its metes and bounds were formally recorded, as they stood in the reign of Henry II. as well as at the time of this perambulation. The instrument is curious, and not unworthy of preservation, as illustrating the well-known arbitrary character of John, who had vexed the church of Hereford by taking into it the vills of Putston, Hinton, and Hunderton, prebends of the said church. (See Appendix No. XIII.) Much of the fine, picturesque country on that side of Hereford and its vicinity, on the right bank of the Wye, was thickly wooded both in hill and plain, aud had been still more so of old. There was so much of woodland that it were difficult to select a point from which to trace it, or in which direction to pursue it. It passed by Rotherwas and Hom Lacy, and Dindor, by Athel- stan's Wood, over Aconbury and the Callow ; there Haywood Forest coming up from the bridge at Hereford stretched through the. vale below to Stockwell, beyond Kivernoll; where, at no great distance, the forest of Trevill advanced from the west, and the wood land district was continued beyond the Golden Valley to Saint Margaret's and the wild Maescoeds towards the Black Mountain. It appears that at this time the burgesses of Hereford were, probably by renting it of the crown, tbe agistors of Haywood Forest, into which some of the Bishop's tenants had purposed to turn their swine to feed on the beech-mast and acorn during the autumn of 1290. For this the burgesses had de- 188 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. coem n5 huit hue usq. de. p. drii .xiij.g. iiij.d. quam marca. J. de Kemeg s' ante diu mutuauit. ||Sm" .lix.S. iiij.d. ||Itm in vna magna mappa i ampla continen? .xiiij. vlnas [i di1] ||59. emp? Hereford .xv.g. ||Sm". pat3 UPanell'diu'sar' ||In .cc.viij. ouib3 empl apd Monte GorSi/ i misg ap Ledebur ||60 a. exp'n'ar' f'c'ar' 9), , , .¦>) . . .. .„ . ... p' man' fr'is st> Malunie/ XVlj.ll. VJ.S. 1 .Viij.d. ,J. de Wormel'. 1 Interlined. manded the payment called pannage. It was one of the many attempts that they had made from time to time to encroach upon the ancient privileges of their ecclesiastical head. They had done the same, though unsuccessfully, with regard to the tallage of his tenants, and the exercise of his authority on several occasions. a But he lost no time in resisting it. The king was at his castle of Rockingham during the first week in Sep tember, where Mortimer, the high steward of the Bishop, despatched from Bosbury upon this errand, found him. He applied for a redress of this grievance, and was not disap pointed, since he returned with a writ from Edw. I. confirming the privilege of the see of Hereford, and inhibiting the burgesses from receiving such pannage. The time for turning swine into the woods began at Michaelmas and ceased at Martinmas ; the writ was therefore obtained by anticipation. The letters of attorney for Gilbert de Swinfield, Chancellor of Hereford, mentioned in p. 130, were granted at the same time. In addi tion to his travelling charges of 46s. the Bishop had ordered John de Kemeseye to make him a present of a mark, which be had in fact advanced to Mortimer some time before, making a sum total of 59s. id. This is not the first instance in which he had been sent to the court (p. 142). He was a canon in the church of Hereford. b ||59. Magna mappa et ampla. Notwithstanding the behaviour of the burgesses Swinfield did not altogether withhold his custom from Hereford, as among other things bought there (||60 q) this enormous table-cloth, of fourteen yards and a half (in length ?) testifies. If this were intended to be used whole, the board that it was destined to cover on some grand festival would have been capable of containing, at a moderate calculation, forty guests, and the contents of some feasts in the Roll would have amply spread it. || 60. Fratris .J. de Wormel'. Friar John of Wormsley (||1) probably a Minorite from his employment. But if he derived his name from the religious house of that place he would have been an Augustinian. He was a diligent visitor of the manors and almost daily inspector of the stock (||61 n), and was trusted with money, of the disburse ment of which, like De la Dane, he keeps and renders a very miscellaneous account in a panel inserted here. » Reg. Swinf. ff. 28 b, 102 a, b Keg. Swinf. f. 61 b. THE ENDORSEMENT. 189 ||In .cc.iij. ouib3 emp? apd Brofh/ i missis apd Estenoue9 .xv.li. b. xj.g. viij.d. || In life de dono diii carpntar9 de Sugwas .j. tunica (sic) .v.g. c. || In pane. vino, i salmon misg custodi ffm minor9 Heref9 de p>/ d. diii .v.g. ij.d. 6. || In .j. tabardo de bluetto ad op9 Radi clici de. $. dni9 .v.g. vij.d. e. || In t'b3 pann9 ad op9 paupum .lxxviij.g. f. ||In .j. tunica ad op9 Robineti de Boclaund .iij.g. ix.d. g. ||60 a, b. Ovibus. Two lots of Welsh and border sheep, transferred from Mont gomery and Bromfield to the Malvern and Eastnor pastures, amount in all to 411. It may be presumed that these were the personal property and floating stock of Swinfield, if a distinction of this kind were made ; for no such number is entered among the moveable goods of the episcopate in the assessment believed to have been now on foot ; or else they must have been greatly reduced when the return for the Hereford taxation of the clergy was actually sent in. The numerical statement of his whole stock, with the annual profits, is thus given under the head of " Mobilia Ep'i Hereford'. £. s. d. " Ep'us Hereford' h'et in univ'so t'ginta vaccas exit' omn' .250 " Item de ovibus sexaginta exit' omn' 10 0 Some of the Welsh Abbats, who had sheep-walks on the mountains, made their returns by thousands. The Abbat of Tintern possessed a patriarchal flock of 3,264." (d.) Custodi fratrum minorum. The Bishop's partiality towards his poor Cordeliers of Hereford is frequently observable (pp. 68, 152, ||61 a). This is another pittance sent to them through the custos or warden. Such was the title of their superior. Thomas, one of the Swinfield family, was custos of the house of that order in Bristol about this time.b (e.) Tabardo de bluetto. Ralph, the clerk of the chapel, and now the only one upon the ensuing summer list, is distinguished during this half-year by an addition to bis stipend (||63 a) and a tabard of the same stuff that my lord and his other clerks wore in the summer (||54 a). (f.) Ad opus pauperum. A liberal provision of cloth to make up garments for the poor. (g.) Robineti de Boclaund. Reginald and his services are frequently alluded to ; but if this Robinet had done any thing to merit a favour on the part of the Bishop, it has remained untold. One, perhaps allowable, suggestion may be offered. Robinet is an affectionate diminutive for Robin, applied to a youth. Now there is no more positive evidence that Reginald had a son than that John de Kingessuod had two, whom, it has been presumed (p. 117), the Bishop countenanced as such by sending them to the schools in Oxford. Yet, since both Kingessuod and Boc- a Tax. Eccl. P. Ntchol. pp. 173 b, 284 b. b Reg. Swinf. f. 02 b. 190 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. 1 1 In life Magro .L. theg Hereford/ p q"dam terra ab eo empta h. iuxta pcum de Sugwas .vj.li. xiij.g. iiij.d. ||In .iiij. peciis tele de Eylesh"m ad t'a rocheta 1 .j. suppellic/ i. cum fcura ad op9 dni .xviij. g. || In .iiij. gurlis emp? ad thes"m .xxij.d. j. || In lifeato Thome de la Dene ad op9 ffis .J. de P'sora de ordine k. minojs ad suam incepcoem .xx.g. ||60 i. is incorrectly referred to in p. 138, as 59 i. laund were laymen and companions, and, particularly the latter, sharers in Swinfield's kindness, there may be nothing extravagantly unfair or presumptuous in the conclusion that he^who presented Boclaund with venison (p. 15), money to a liberal extent (p. 155), and clothing as handsome as that of Stephen, his own brother (||54 a, b.) might not be indisposed to give an additional proof of his affection to Reginald, if a father, by clothing his son ? (h.) Magistro Lucas Thesaurario. To the account given of Luke de Bray, pp. 159, et seq. may be added that he was made treasurer of Hereford Cathedral on the demise of William le Rus, Id. April, 1277." There were parks both at Sugwas and Tupsley (p. 12, notec); nothing, however, appears of their having at this period con tained any deer. When Harpin and the huntsman were employed, while my lord was at the former residence in October, they were both extra domain (Roll, p. 4). (i.) In .iiij. peciis tele de Eylesham. The eastern side of England was now celebrated for its woollens and linens. Aylsham in Norfolk produced linen cloth of sufficient delicacy to form episcopal rochets and surplices. The mending of a rochet (see p. 138) is a pre paration for what is here announced. This quantity of four yards was but the sixth of a piece. Pecia de Eylesham ex viginti quatuor ulnis in longitudine et tribus quarterns in lalitudine debet esse mensural (j.) Gurlis ad thesaurum. Vessels for holding coin. (k.) Inceptionem. An academical term expressive of the taking of a doctor's degree in the schools at Oxford. The Bishop sent a present of 20s. by Thomas de la Dane to J. de Pershore, a Minorite, ou such an occasion, a fact that illustrates the spirit of partisanship prevalent among two great religious orders in these times. The state of learning in the universities, both in England and abroad, had sunk so low, that according to Roger Bacon, a contemporary, many had presumed to style themselves masters and doctors of divinity and philosophy who had never learned anything worthy of note. Their scholarship seldom extended to reading the sentences or becoming regular inceptors in divinity. Besides, the disputes between the Dominicans and Fran ciscans had involved the schools in confusion. John Peckham, the existing Archbishop of Canterbury, had visited Oxford in 1284, and reproved and condemned certain errors of these orders ; and again, in 1286, he put an end to their controversies with the assist ance of several reverend and venerable persons, among whom were Giffard and Swin- » Reg. Caut. f. 36 a. b Fleta, c. 12, p. 74. THE ENDORSEMENT. 191 II In .j. fenestra vitr9 ad caiSam de Bosebur9 .vj.g. viij.d. 1. ||II fri Thome p ncc"iis suis .iij.g. ij.d. m ||It Rogo t'turatori in ppacacoem sti^nd suoa p annii .xij.d. n. ||In .j. pullano epto ad op9 dni .vj.li. xiij.g. x.d. cum exp qren? o. iilii putt. ||60 o. is referred to in error, p. 179, as 59 o. field, Bishops of Worcester and Hereford." And now their rivalry in Oxford took a different turn, and began to break out in a display of strength and numbers under a shew of patronising the cause of learning, and this they took occasion to do whenever a candidate from either of their communities was admitted as inceptor to the degree of doctor in divinity. Like parties at an election, they mustered all their strength and crowded to uphold their man, and the consequence of their order. Here is, however, a proof that tbe Minorites took the lead, after the reform, in obtaining this honourable distinction of inceptor. The chronicler of Gloucester Abbey admits that not one of the Benedictines was admitted to it till several years after. He relates circumstantially and with manifest exultation that during the government of John de Gamages (see Roll, p 27, noteb), and in the year 1298, William de Brock, a monk of that house, proceeded as inceptor in divinity, and that he was the first of the order of Saint Benedict of black monks in England who was so distinguished. The Abbat of that house attended with a grand cavalcade of bis own. He brought up from Gloucester his priors, obedientiaries, monks, clerks, and squires, to the amount of an hundred horse, and troops of friends were collected from all the Benedictine establishments. There were present the Abbats, of Westminster, Abingdon, Evesham, Malmesbury, many priors and other monks, who all shewed their respect to the inceptor by various presents. Almost all the absent prelates of their order throughout the whole province of Canterbury sent gifts by their servants; " and thus," be adds, " this inception was consummated to the honour of this house and of the whole order."1' (1.) Fenestra vilrett. An additional proof of the use of glass in houses of any consequence during this century. In churches and chapels it was required by the canons. The articles of the Synod of Exeter, a.d. 1287, specify among the furniture and ornaments of churches, " Fenestra, vitreee sufficientes in cancello et navi ecclesi_e."'c (m.) Fratri Thomas. The reader will determine for him self as to the probability of there having been two friars of this name, or only an indi vidual who was both a carpenter? and a writer ? pp. 134, 142. The expression pro necessariis suis, compared with that which closely follows in ||61 a, with regard to the Minorites, supports the notion, still somewhat disputable from ||61 h i j, that he might have been a Franciscan. They were mendicants by profession, among whom it was the reverse of a. reproach to be destitute of even the necessaries of life. — -(n.) In perpa- cationem. Some irregularity appears to have attended the payment of Roger the » Ant. a Wood, Gutch, I. pp. 294, et seq. 325. b Chron. Glouc. Abbey, under John de Gamages. « Wilkins, Cone. Magn. Brit, et Hib. II. 139. # 192 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. || In exp fei? p Afefee de Dora apud Hereford in vig1 fee Mar p. Magdal .ij.g. ||In .xv. scutett .xvij. salsar9 i .j. cypbo/ emp? Hereford .xxiij.li. q. xiiij.g. viijd. ||Sm" .lxxvij.li. x.g. iiij d. o. ||In life ffib3 minor9 Her9 de dono dni ad sua ncc"ia .Iiij.g. iiij.d. ||61 a. ||In .j. corda ad longam carctam .xij.d. b. ||In exp Kyde visitan? instaur ou drii .xij.d. c. ||In .j. pi rotas emp? ad logam carec? .v.g. d. ||In .j. sella emp? ad op9. R. fit Stephi .iiij.s e. ||In .ij. viii i di. panni nig' ad comp .iij.g. j.d. f. ||In .v. vin i di panni de essey ad capam cori p dno cum fcura g_ .xx.g. ||61 u. is incorrectly referred to in p. 177, as 60 c. thresher's salary. That for the previous half-year is noted as not settled at the usual time, non solvilur, and here again is a payment in full of his annual wages at less than their stated amount. In ||64i, where he is next seen, no account is rendered of his having received any thing, for a blank occurs against the line. (p.) Pro Abbate de Dora. The observations upon the provision made in the cases of the Countess of Gloucester and the Abbat of Reading, p. 164, will apply to this instance of the Abbat of Dore, and shew that such was the rule of reception when the master of the family was not at home. On July 21 this Abbat came to Hereford, and, though Swinfield was at Colwall, he received the usual hospitalities of the house. (q.) In xv. sculellis .xvij. salsariis. Scutella is a word of somewhat extensive application to dishes or platters, Baucers or salvers," and it is retained in our present English scuttle. Admitting, how ever, its derivation from scutum, it seems as significative of tbe spoon as any other hollow utensil of plate ; since the bowl of it, whether round or oval-sbaped, in its concavity and convexity, forms an appropriate representation of a shield. Salsarium is also as frequently applicable to the saucer as the salt-cellar ; and these interpretations remove the difficulty occasioned by the unintelligible numbers of what have been termed " little shields " and " salt-cellars " in princely services of plate. b II 61 c. R.filii Stephani. He is my lord's nephew, the associate of young Dunr'. (f.) Ad comp'. ad complementum ? to make up a deficiency in a certain quantity. (g ) Essey ad capam cori. Serge for a capa choralis for my lord's use in the choir, in majoribus festis.c Among the ecclesiastical ornaments lent by the Dean and Chapter of Hereford to the Bishop at the beginning of his episcopacy, the whole of which, or the worth of them, he pledged himself in writing to restore, is unam capam de choro de rubeo sindone extra el in. us de nigro sindone. The instru- ^ Du Cange and Forcellinus in voce. b Lives of the Princesses, II. p. 334. Archseol. XXXV. p. 359. t Ducange in v. capte clwralss. ' Indistinctly written, perhaps hucium ? 2 q. pallia ? ' Dashed through. 4 Dashed through. ||61 h, i, k, are referred to in error, p. 183, as 60 h, i, k. ment bears date die Mercurii proxima post festum beati Ambrosii Episcopi, A.D. M".CC0.LXXX<'. tertio." (h.) Ad opus fratris Thoma. From the employment that this friar found under the Bishop (see p. 134), and the reason there offered, it seemed probable that he might have been a Minorite; and yet when he comes to have all his need supplied by the liberality of Swinfield, his clothing induces a doubt that he might have been of a different order. For what is here called russet, if it describe colour rather than quality, mixed with white, accords with what is said to have been originally adopted by the Carmelites,1' till altered by Honorius IV. in 1285. On the other hand, if russet, which in Johnson's0 opinion has been used to express grey, be descriptive of the coarse quality of the cloth rather than the hue, there will be no neces sity for dismissing the suggestion. (I.) Panni Hibernici. By this it is seen that Ireland had her manufacture of cloth. This was here used for turning-up or lining. In the Patent Roll, July 12, 1213, of the reign ef John, six pieces of Irish cloth are men tioned, two white and four red.d (n.) Johannis de Wormel' . The remarks already made on Kyde and John of Wormsley leave no room for any additional comment upon the men or their occupations. — Here ends the eighth schedule. a Reg. Swinf. f. 3 a. >> Dugdale, Warw. 1 17 b. c Diet, in v. russet. d Descr. of Pat. Rolls, p. 141. CAMD. SOC. 2 C THE ENDORSEMENT. 193 ||In .vij. viii i di russeti ad vnu linteam l ad op9 fris Thome h. .xj.g. iij.d. ||In .iiij. viii russetti ad op5 ei9d p .j. tunica .vij.g. *• || In .iij. vlnt dimid blanchetti ad op9 ei9dem ad vno gardecors j- .v.g. iij.d. || In .xviij. vin russetti ad .ij. pallia i .ij. cooptor9 ad op' ffum k- .xxij.g. vj.d. ||II In .xvj. vin panni Hibn ad furrand dca pann'2 .vj.g. viij.d. 1- || In .xxiiij. vin g°ssi russeti p hue eq°5 . xxviij. g. m- || In expns fris Johis de Wormel visitantis man9a Epat9 omib3 n. dieb3 anni pcedentis p maiori pte .l.g. [||Sma viij.li'. viij. s\ j.d'.3] ||Sm" .x.li. xviij.s. j.d. ||Sm". hi9 .vij. [viij] rotul ex"/ [lxxiiij.g. iiij.d4] .iiij.-xx- xij.li. ij.g. ix.d. ofe. 194 HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. ||Stipendia estiualia. |Armig'i. ||In life Wiito de Cantilupo/ p stip' suis estiualib5/ scil3/ p dimid anno- || In lifeato Raulino de Marin p stip ei9d ?mini q' cap' p annu duas m"rc. q' h' anno ri feuit n' dece solid. ..... || In lifeato Johi de Baseuilt de eod ?mino ..... ||In life/ Rofeo Deinte p hi9/ . || In life/ Ade marescallo p hi9. ||In life/ Rico marescallo in pte solu- cois pecnie s' debi? p rob9 i stip/ a festo Sci Pet' ad vincla/ vsq, ad fm Sci9 Michis ||II Rado ctico de capella/ p stip suis ei9d ?mini/ ? aliis Iifeac6ib3 s' feis de gra drii. .... || II Johi carectario de eodem Pmino p stip suis. .... ||II Rofeto carectario p hi9 || Itm Ywenetto lardenario p hi9. . || 62 a. p' Deinte .xvj.s. viij.d. .x.g. .vj.g. viij.d. .vj.g. viij.d. .xxx.s. -iiij.g. iiij.d. .iij.g. iiij.d. .iij.g. iiij.d. .ij.g. vj.d. q't p' marescall'. e.f. || 63 a. ||62. Stipendia osstivalia. Summer salaries. The same order is observed in the arrangement of the different departments as in the former list (||42). William de Can tilupe (a.) is at the head. Nowhere is he found among the personal attendants this year. His post seems to have been honorary. His half-year's allowance was paid through the hands of Robert Deinte, as though he were resident elsewhere. (b.) Ralph de Marines. His annual payment was two marks. He received only 10s. during the former half-year ; this makes up the balance. (f.) Richard, a head groom, not mentioned before. His receipt differs from tbe rest, inasmuch as the cost of a dress is included. ||63a. Ralph, the only chapel-clerk, now that Robert (||43 a) is away, had more than his usual allowance by favour of my lord. His rank was high compared with his wages ; but he had discharged apparently a double duty since the departure or tempo rary absence of his colleague Robert (q. de Kingessuod, now sent to Oxford ?) (d.) Ywenetto. This diminutive may have taken its origin from the person rather than the THE ENDORSEMENT. 195 Valletti de ministr' || II Ade Harpini (sic) p hui9modi. || It Wilto janitori p hi9 — ||II Thome palefr9 p hi9. || Itm Robilardo de boteler" p hi9. || II Henr9 de Beckeford p hi9. || II Johi venatori p hi9. || II Alano nouo ferratori a fo Sci Pet' ad vincla/ usi^ ad fm Sci9 Mich p rata roba i stip. || It Thome i Johi ferratorib3 q' re- cesseft die. Septe dor mien? de Colewett p ra? stipnd suo& est- iuat p eq"li porcone — .iij.g. iiij.d. n' sol' .iij.g. iiij.d. q't x .ij.s. vj.d. q't p' fr'em suu .ij.g. vj.d. n' sol'. .ij.s. vj.d.) , • • • _i ( P mar .ij.s. vj.d.) .mj.s. mj.s. .q't. age of the little larderer. He was not so distinguished before, and was in a post surely too responsible to have been trusted to one of tender years. (k, 1.) Alano novo ferratori. — Thomce et Johanni. Alan, a new farrier, apparently a Londoner, comes in the room of Thomas and John, who, on the day of the Seven Sleepers, July 27, while my lord was at Colwall, left his service and went into Kent. A surmise that they might have been dismissed arises from the fact that this Alan was required at the ensuing feast of the Trinity, 1291, to find securities for his good behaviour, when Henry, the marshal, dwelling without Newgate (one of the smiths of Smithfield ?) and another Alan of the same craft, residing over against Saint Martin's-le-grand, and others, became sureties for his diligent and faithful service while he continued in his place. Fidejussores pro Alano ferratore. — Memorandum, quod, ad festum Sanct as Trinitatis Anno Domini M°.CC. nonagesimo primo, Alanus ferrator invenit fidejussores Lon- donias coram Thomam de la Dane, viz. Henricum Marseallum extra Newgat', Alanum Marscallum manentem ante sanctum Martinum Magnum Londonias, et alios qui manuce- perunt pro ipso Alano ferratore, quod diligenter et fideliter deserviret, dum in ejus servitio remaneret." According to the former list, the name of John the messenger should come in at the end. But he is presumed to have been now absent on a foreign mission, and with a separate allowance. Despatches were forwarded from the Bishop to his proctor at Rome in July, 1290." Reg. Swinf. f. 74 a. b Keg. Swinf. f. 60 b. 196' HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES OF BISHOP SWINFIELD. ||In life Ade de capella p hi9 — .ij.g. q't ||64 a. | II Rofeto Calewe p hi9. xviij.d. q't b. || It Heyne carectario. .ij.g. c. |II Johi de Arleye. .ij.g. d. ||II Wilto Pet' de coq'na. .ij.g. p' Ad' e. I|II Ade de coq'na maiori/ .ij.g. q't f. Rarc'ones ||II Wilto de coq'na juniori .xviij.d. q't g- ||II Rogo pistori — .ij.g. q't h. || It Rogo t'turatori — . .xviij.d. i. || II Rogo garcoi Stephi .xviij.d. j- | II gareoni Thome de la Dane. .xviij.d. k. ||II Wilto ductori pan'ioa de coq'na .xviij.d. q't 1. || II Witto subpalefridario .xviij.d. q't m - q't (sic) [Pagii] || II Dykun pagio de camaria caretta .xviij.d. q't p' mar' || 65 a. || II Witto de Migbal alii pagio p b. tunic i stip/ p tol annu pcedentc : .xviij.d. q't | II puo pagio de pistrino. ¦ij.g. q't. e. || II Rofeo Blundello— . .xij.d. q't d. || II Johi de Bosebur9 pag/ .xij.d. p' Blund' e. || II cuidam pagio de Ros p omib3 j f. dimid. annu pfttu pxio. .iij.g. q't. || II Hardi pagio venatoris q' recessit/ [.xviij.d.1] .iij.g. q't. S'- ||II Johi sbuenatori — . .xviij.d. q't. li. ||HFolioth/ .xviij.2 q't i. || II Ade puo de coq'na/ •xj.d. p' Ad'. j- 1 Dashed through. 2 Qu. d'. ||64 a. Garciones. Very little difference exists in this section and the correspond ing one already given at ||44. — • — (1.) William, instead of Robert, has charge of the kitchen sumpters. ||65. [Pagii.~\ The word is omitted in the original. Greater variety is visible in this than in the other departments of the service. Migbal and a page of Ross are not in the former catalogue. Some pages receive their annual stipends at this time ; others THE ENDORSEMENT. 197 | II pagio som9io£ — . . . .ij.g. q't k. | II G'ffino pagio. . . . .ij.g. q't !• || II pagio al?ius — . . . .ij.g. q't. ni. | II in stipnd cui9dam garcois juuan- n. tis in coq" p autiipn . . ij.g. q't [||Sm" ho£ stipnd .viij.li. xix.d.1] ||Sm" hoz stipend .viij.li. v.g. vij.d. ||Sm" hi9 .viij. [ix] rotui ex" viij.li. v.g. vij.d. 1 Dashed through. are engaged for short periods. Hardy, the huntsman's helper, goes away. Among tbe rest is Griffin, only hired this half-year, and noticed in p. 178. The assistance that was wanted in hay and corn harvest sufficiently accounts for an additional number of hands. This is all that appears on the ninth, miscalled the eighth, schedule. The tenth is blank, and there seems no reason why those that are missing should have contained anything more than perhaps an entry of the sum total at the close. Should the patience of any reader have led bim through the foregoing commentary, he will have perceived that, among several matters ascertained by collateral proof as facts, others have been referred to as possible or probable upon such evidence as is usually admitted in such cases. But the writer, thoroughly aware that conjecture is not history, desires that such statements may be received for no more than under the cir cumstances they are fairly worth, and disclaims the grave substitution of any probability, however captivating, for positive truth. $ppentit):* APPENDIX. No.l. Agreement of the Bishop with his Champion. [Registr. Cantilupe, f. 32 b.] ||Omnibus Christi fidelibus Thomas Dei gratia Episcopus Herefordensis IIThomse de salutem in domino sempiternam. Noverit universitas vestra nos teneri _>J7_!f!!!.iPTiT..1 Thomae de Bruges pugili pro homagio et 'servitio suo in vj.s. et viij.d. ster- fordensis. lingorum annuatim percipiendis de camera nostra ad festum Sancti Michaelis ubi tunc fuerimus, dum idem Thomas potens est officium pugilis exercere ; et dictus Thomas nobis promisit prasstito sacramento, quod contra dominum Gilbertum Comitem Gloucestrensem et Herefordensem, et quemcunque alium, exceptis duntaxat dominis suis quibus ante praesentium confectionem extitit obligatus, pro nobis pugnabit, cum per nos fuerit requisitus. Nos autem eidem Thomae cum pro nobis pugnare debebit secundum quod inter nos et ipsum poterit convenire, tam pro stipendiis quam pro sua sustenta- tione et omnibus aliis necessariis eidem exhibendis plene satisfaciemus. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus hiis apponi. Datum apud Westmonasterium die Martis proxima post festum Omnium Sanctorum anno gratiae .M0.CC°.lxx°.vjt0. No. II. Bond given to Warin de Boys, Advocate at London. [Registr. Swinfield, f. 46 a.] ||Noverint universi ad quos praesentes literae pervenerint, quod nos ||Obligatio data Ricardus miseratione divina Herefordensis ecclesiae minister humilis tene- maSls r0 Wa- rino advocato mur et obligamur magistro Warino de Boys advocato London' in sex mar- domini apud CAMD. SOC. 2 D ArCUS- 202 APPENDIX. cis Londoniae terminis infrascriptis solvendis, videlicet in festo Sancti Hil- larii tres marcas, et in festo Pentecostes tres marcas, quamdiu idem magister Warinus in causis et negotiis nos et ecclesiam nostram quoquo modo tangentibus et ibidem agitandis diligens consilium et patrocinium praestiterit fidele. In eujus rei testimonium has literas sigillo nostro sig- natas ipsi magistro fieri faciemus patentes. Datum apud Leuesham [Lewisham in Kent] xiij0. kl. Novembris, anno domini M°CC°. octogesimo septimo, et ordinationis nostrae anno quinto. No. III. Bond given to John de Cantuaria. [Registr. Swinfield, f. 46 a.] llObligatio data |]Pateat universis per praesentes quod nos Ricardus miseratione divina Johanni de humilis Herefordensis ecclesise minister damus et concedimus dilecto clerico Cantuaria. nostro Johanni de Cantuaria duas marcas sterlingorum singulis annis ad duos anni terminos, videlicet, in festo Omnium Sanctorum unam marcam, et in festo Pentecostes unam marcam, Londoniae solvendas eidem quamdiu idem Johannes in Curia Cantuariensi procurator noster extiterit, et in negotiis nostris ibidem nobis in officio procurationis diligens procuratorium praestiterit et fidele [seu ad id exhibuerit se paratum *]. In cujus rei testi monium has literas sigillo nostro signatas eidem Johanni fieri fecimus patentes. Datum Londoniae xvj. kai. Novembris, anno domini M°.CC°.lxxx°. septimo, et ordinationis nostrae anno quinto. No. IV. Documents relating to Richard Pudlesdone, the Bishop op Hereford's proctor at Rome. [Registr. Swinfield, ff. 60 b, 67 a, 69 a.] 1. — Letter instructing him so to arrange his business at the Court as to enable him to return home. Ricardus miseratione divina Episcopus Herefordensis dilecto in Christo * Dashed through. APPENDIX. 203 filio magistro Ricardo de Pudlesdone, procuratori suo in Romana Curia commoranti, salutem et benedictionem et gratiam summi Dei. Literas vestras quas nobis per magistrum Johannem de Bestan' Archidiaconum Salopsir' ab eadem Curia destinastis recepimus ab eodem, ex quarum tenore cognovimus quod in causa Assavensi* nondum erat renuntiatio facta in Curia memo rata, de quo admirabamur, cum saepius vobis memmerimus nos scripsisse pro revocatione hujus facienda, juxta tenorem compositionis initae inter nos et dominum . . . Assavensem, quam vobis de verbo ad verbum misimus ter vel quater : ipsum quoque dominum Assavensem procuratoribus suis in Curia scripsisse credimus illud idem. Nunc ergo cum diligentia laboretis, ut hujus renuntiatio ilia celeriter quam fieri poterit, caute fiat. Et ut credimus tunc non erit necesse ut pro nostris negotiis in Curia moram trahatis diutius anno isto ; sed causam Petri de Langona \ ac cetera negotia quae nos tangunt, magistro Cursio J diligenter per vestram industriam com- mittatis, et unicum nobis ibidem tantummodo advocatum retinentes, pote- ritis, si vobis visum fuerit, expedire in Angliam remeare. Istis igitur expe- ditis, volumus, ut processum et acta omnia causam contingentia Assavensem, cum vos in Angliam redire contigerit, vobiscum portetis. Nee miremini quod executores quondam magistri Ada? de Philebi vobis non satisfecerint de promissis, quia tot fraudibus flexuosis et subterfugiis se protegunt vel abscondunt et tot frivolis cavillationibus involvuntur, quod nee nos nee nostrum Capitulum Herefordense, quibus dictus defunctus in magna pecuniae summa tenetur, ex causis pluribus et diversis, hucusque consequi quicquam juris potuimus ab eisdem. Ad hoc scribatia nobis si .x. marcas quam mercatores Londonienses vobis mutuare ex gratia promiserunt, in Curia receperitis ; et si sic, nobis quidnam feceritis nuncietis. Componatis etiam cum magistro Cursio de Sancto Geminiano pro certo annuo a nobis per- * A suit between the Bishops of Hereford aud Saint Asaph, respecting ecclesiastical jurisdiction over a tract called Gordwr, on the borders of their respective dioceses. The affair had been settled, aud the cause ordered to be withdrawn. f Peter de Langona instituted a suit in*the Court of Rome against Bishops De Breton, Cantilupe, and others for having deprived him of « prebend in the cathedral, and a benefice in the diocese of Hereford. It was continued against Cantilupe's executors, Richard de Swinfield and William de Montfort, and lasted nearly sixteen years. At length judgment was given against them on July 26, 1290. X Cursius de Sancto Geminiano, a proctor in the court acting with Pudlesdone. 204 APPENDIX. || Computus Ricardi de Pudlesdone. cipiendo, tam pro se quam pro aliquo fideli in audientia. Ita quod omnia quae nos tangunt ibidem in tuto remaneant sive statu securo, antequam a Curia recedatis. Libenter etiam vellemus quod fieret conventio pro tota causa P. de Langona cum aliquo advocato fideli, ita quod pars illius totalis salarii sibi in principio solveretur, et residuum totum in fine. Et hoc modis omnibus sapientissime procuretis, ante vestrum recessum ; quod causa} nostra? quas habuimus ibidem sine omni periculo remaneant in futu- rum. Inquiratis etiam ante vestrum recessum, de quibus mercatoribus in Romana Curia commorantibus possimus magis confidere, cum oporteat illuc pecuniam pro nostris negotiis destinare. Semper in domino valeatis. Datum apud Whyteburne .vj. id. Julii, anno domini M°.CC° octavo nono. 2. — Statement of his account after his return to England in 1290, and on the day of his setting out again for Rome ; also of other moneys then received by him, with instructions for their application, and a fresh proxy, renewing and defining his powers. || Memorandum, quod magister Ricardus de Pudlesdon, domini in Romana Curia procurator, apud Bosebury .xvij. die Decembris, anno domini M°.CC°. nonagesimo, qua die idem magister Ricardus versus eandem Curiam arripuit iter suum, tale compotum reddebat de .xlvj. marcis et dimidio quas receperat in Anglia et in Curia postquam ultimo computavit. In primis solvit Cursio de Sancto Geminiano pro .ij. annis et arreragiis .viij. marcas: et pro .ij. ann is residuis .vj. marcas. Item magistro Poerine, advocato, pro toto dicto tempore et arreragiis, v. marcas : et sibi ipsi pro quolibet dictorum quatuor annorum in universo, et pro arreragiis, et pro tempore quod restat, usque ad Pascha anno domini M°.CC°. nonagesimo primo, xvj. marcas et dimidium. Et pro quadam interlocutoria in causa Assavensi habenda, iij. marcas. Item, pro sumptibus notariorum, ij. marcas. Item, nuncio domini de Curia redeunti, j. marcam. Item, pro quadam copia cujusdam sententiae lata? habenda in causa Petri de Langona, xx.s. Item, in minutis expensis factis in Curia pro defensione causarum domini, iij. marcas et dimidium. ||Summa hujus expens' xlvj. marcae et dimidium ; et sic aequatur.* * This statement is quite a counterpart to that given in Dors. ||16, and accounts for the expenditure of the money placed in the hands of Pudlesdone, including the mark that he gave to John, the messenger, on his return to England. APPENDIX. 205 ||Item memorandum quod praedictus magister Ricardus eisdem die, loco, l|De pecunia _ • i- • ¦ j . _. quam post- et anno, reeepit a domino .xxx. marcas sterlingorum ; ita ut inde solveret m0(jum reeepit omnia salaria Cursio, et advooatis in Curia, et expensas neeessarias circa idem Ricardus. negotia domini ibidem, usque ad Pascha proxiinum tunc sequens. Insuper, tunc convenit quod de gratia domini solveret Cursio .Ix.s. qui exiguntur ab eodem Cursio, pro quadam sua stulta appellatione. Et haec omnia facere potuit, ut promisit, pro .xiiij. marcis et dimidio, de summa praedictarum triginta marcarum: et sic remanerent in manibus ejus, xvj.# marcae de pradicta summa totali. Quas .xvj. marcas debet pr^dictus magister Ri cardus expendere circa negotia domini in Curia, anno futuro proximo, post Pascha praedictum, scilicet, anno domini, M°.CC. nonagesimo primo ; si dominus habeat tunc aliquam causam in Curia. Et si contingat ipsum nullam causam in Curia tunc habere, quod residuum fuerit, cum idem magister Ricardus de Curia redierit, secum fideliter reportabit. Insuper, idem magister Ricardus dixit, quod oportuit eum dictas .xiiij. marcas et dimidium in Curia sic solvere, videlicet, magistro Corine vel magistro Bynde, pro toto tempore usque ad Pascha anno, &c. nonagesimo primo. vj. marcas pro .ij. annis qui tunc effluxi. Item Cursio .ij. marcas pro toto eodem tempore. Item eidem .Ix.s. pro sua vana "j" appellatione praedicta. Item eidem magistro Ricardo fuerunt assignatae per dominum .ij. marcae pro primo tempore ante quatuor annos praedictos, quo servivit domino in Curia praedicta.J llltem memorandum, quod idem magister Ricardus tunc habuit quoddam HDe procura- 11 ^ ° . torio novo data novum procuratorium conceptum in personam suam solum, juxta tenorem eidem. procuratorii sibi et magistro Cursio prius dati Tamen datum hujus * The reckoning does not appear correct. It should have been fifteen marks and a half. f When the executors of Cantilupe lost their cause in the matter of De Langona, and judgment was given against them, Cursius, one of their lawyers, made an appeal which proved fruitless, and appears to have been censured as such by those who retained him. Hence the epithets of vain and foolish applied to it in this statement. His fee for this was 3_.=45_. He made a demand of it, but my lord paid it as a gratuity only, because he had disapproved of the measure. The copy of the sentence and appeal, which cost 20s.— 151. is entered in Swinfield's register, and fills several folios. These sums furnish some notion of expenses incurred at the Court. X Pudlesdone's first proxy, empowering him to act conjointly with Cursius de Sancto Geminiano, is dated 17 Oct. 1286, so that he had been acting as proctor for rather more than four years. — Reg. Swinf. f. 20 b. 206 APPENDIX. || De procura tor^ ad com- ponendum et trausigendum. procuratorii nunc ultimo dati eidem Ricardo est, apud Boshury .xvij. die Decembris, anno domini M°.CC°. nonagesimo. ||Item memorandum quod dominus tunc eidem magistro Ricardo dedit aliud procuratorium cujus tenor est talis. Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos pervenerint haec scripta, Ricardus permissione divina ecelesiae Here fordensis Episcopus salutem in domino sempiternam. Noverit universitas vestra, quia nos facimus, ordinamus et constituimus per praesentes dilectum nobis in Christo magistrum Ricardum de Pudlesdone, clericum, procura- torem nostrum legitimum ad componendum et transigendum nomine nostro, una cum venerabili viro magistro Willielmo de Montefortl, Decano Sancti Pauli Londoniae, et magistro Petro dicto de Langona, qui se dicit canoni- cum Herefordensem, super omnibus contingentibus quaestionem, seu peti- tionem, vel causam, quam idem magister Petrus movet contra nos et dictum Willielmum de Monteforti in Curia Romana, quos dicit esse execu- tores testamenti bonae memoriae Thomae de Cantilupo quondam episcopi Herefordensis defuncti, quamque dictus Petrus movit, ut dicit, in Curia me- morata contra eundem dominum Thomam de Cantilupo, dum viveret, super prebenda de Prestone ecelesiae Herefordensis praedictae, et super ecclesia de Parva Wenlok Herefordensis dioceseos. Ita quod dictus magister Ricardus procurator noster nihil aliud faciat nomine nostro vel consentiat fieri per com- positionem vel transactionem hujus, nisi quod dictus magister Willielmus de Monteforti una cum dicto procuratore nostro faciet, nomine suo, vel con- sentiet fieri in praemissis. Sine cujus quidem magistri Willielmi de Monteforti consensu expresso super praemissis habito vel obtento, omnimodo componendi et transigendi quomodo libet in hac parte, praedicto procuratori nostro admisimus potestatem, ratum tamen et firmum habituri quicquid idem procurator similiter praedicto magistro Willielmo nomine nostro fecerit in praemissis. Et hoc omnibus quorum interesse poterit quoquomodo inno- tescimus per praesentes. Datum apud Bosbury .xvij. kai. Januarii, anno domini M°.CC°. nonagesimo. 3. — The restriction in one of these foregoing instruments, as to his fidelity, or in other terms his pecuniary honesty, was, perhaps, not less necessary than that subsequently laid upon his honour, which in the sequel he disregarded. For it appears that, being on his way to Rome at Kensington, in the clerks' chamber in the manor- house ofthe Abbat of Abingdon there, he made oath before several APPENDIX. 207 witnesses that he would attempt nothing prejudicial to the church of Hereford while he was at the Court of Rome. And yet, during his stay, and in a short time, he contrived secretly to obtain a papal provision for the next vacant prebend in the cathedral. This occurred in the summer ensuing, when his proctors came over to the Bishop, then at Prestbury, for admission and installation. With this Swinfield, after some consideration, thought proper to comply, and the proxy was acted upon accordingly. This was in May 1291. On the 23rd of July, however, Pudlesdone having returned to England, and being charged by the Bishop with the violation of his oath, made formal submission to him in his hall at Ross, con fessed his offence, surrendered all his instruments, and resigned the prebend into his hands. And yet he was sent out once again in February 1291, io wind up all affairs at Rome (Reg. Swinf. f. 76 b), after which another proctor was appointed. • ||Memorandum. Quod .ij.° id. Maij. anno domini M°.CC°. nonagesimo ||Pudlesdone. primo, coram domino in aula sua apud Prestebury magister Johannes de Ros et Nicholaus de Notegrave, clerici, procuratores magistri Ricardi de Pudlesdone personaliter constituti literas apostolicas legerunt, et eidem domino ostenderunt, per quas verisimiliter videbatur, sanctissimum patrem dominum Nicholaum papam quartum praedicto magistro Ricardo de canoni- catu et prabenda in Ecclesia Herefordensi speciali gratia providisse; ac cum instantia petierunt, ut dominus ipsos nomine procuratorio ad hujus canonicatum et praebendam admitteret, secundum mandatum apostolicum antetactum. Dominus autem cum debita reverentia mandatum ipsorum audiens, et inspiciens, ac petitionem procuratoriam considerans eorundem, praedictarum copiam petiit et habuit literarum ; et super hujus facto delibe- rare velle,* usque ad quartum diem sequentem, qui fuit .xv. kai. Junii, anno praedicto, se velle respondit ; et tunc demum iisdem, aut uni eorum apud Prestbury super praemissis finaliter responderet. Adveniente quoque die praedicto, Nicholaus de Notegrave procurator magistri Ricardi praedicti coram domino memorato in sua capella apud Prestbury comparuit persona- liter, et se nomine ejusdem domini, seu secundum provisionem per sedem apostolicam ei factam admitti petiit cum eflectu. Dominus siquidem memo- * In the original velle is repeated, as it stands, twice in the same sentence. 208 APPENDIX. ratus habita super praemissis deliberatione, et supposito quod circumstantial universce qua* circa hujus provisionem debent attendi essent legitimes et decentes,* ipsum Nicholaum, nomine domini sui praedicti, ad praedietos canonicatum et praebendam secundum tenorem praedictarum literarum apos- tolicarum, prout tenebatur, admisit ; et ebdomadario in ecclesia Hereford ensi, ut ipsum procuratorie nomine procuratorio admitteret, secundum easdem literas apostolicas, canonicum, et in fratrem, dedit per suam literam in man- datis, cujus literae tenor talis est. Ricardus, permissione divina Here fordensis episcopus dilecto in Christo filio .... ebdomadario in majori ecclesia Herefordensi salutem, gratiam et benedictionem. Quia discretum virum magistrum Ricardum de Pudlesdone clericum, et procuratorem nostrum in Romana Curia, ad canonicatum sibi per sanctissimum patrem, dominum Nicholaum papam quartum, in dicta ecclesia Herefordensi colla- tum admisimus, ac procuratorem suum legitimum ejus nomine recepimus, juxta fdrmam rescripti apostolici, quod vobis ostendet, in canoni cum et fratrem nostrae ecelesiae memoratae, vobis mandamus quatenus dic tum procuratorem nomine domini sui in possessionem canonicatus hujus inducatis, sibi stallum in choro et locum in capitulo sicut convenit assig- nantes. Quid autem feceritis in hac parte vos certiorare curetis tempore opportuno, per literas vestras patentes, harum seriem continentes. Datum apud Prestebury .xvj. kai. Junii, anno domini M°.CC°. nonagesimo primo. ||In Dei nomine, Amen. Sub anno domini M°.CC°. nonagesimo primo .xxiij a. die mensis Julii, in praesentia testium subscriptorum ad hoc speciali- ter vocatorum et rogatorum : Ego Ricardus de Pudlesdone, clericus Here fordensis dioceseos, coram vobis, venerabili patre, domino Ricardo, Dei gratia Herefordensi episcopo in aula vestra de Ros pro tribunali sedentibus personaliter constitutus, imposito mihi ex parte vestra quod, tacita veritate, canonicatum et praebendam in ecclesia Herefordensi proxime vacaturam mihi procuraverim per sedem apostolicam assignari, in praejudicium vestrum et laesionem mei proprii juramenti, submitto me, pure sponte et absolute, ordinationi, gratis et voluntati vestrae, super eisdem canonicatu et prae- benda, et omnibus, provisionem de praedictis per sedem apostolicam mihi factam contingentibus quoquo modo, cum omnibus aliis injuriis vobis per * This reason, together with the time that he had taken to deliberate, was apparently to colour the Bishop's having yielded, when he could not have refused, not only to what was dishonourable in Pudlesdone, but annoying to himself. APPENDIX. 209 me qualitercunque illatis, renuncians omni juri mihi competenti vel com- petituro ratione provisionis hujus mihi factae, ac installationem in ecclesia Herefordensi obtentu provisionis praedictae procuratori meo factam, et quicquid juris mihi competit vel competere poterit ex eisdem provisione et installatione in sacratissimas manus vestras pure, simpliciter, sponte et absolute resigno, promittens bona fide et corporali praestito juramento, quod super hiis omnibus ordinationem, dictum, seu laudum vestrum per omnia fideliter observabo. In quorum submissionis et resignationis evidentiam pleniorem, literas papales provisorias et executorias, et omnia alia instru- menta dictam provisionem contingentia circa festum Assumptionis beatae Mariae virginis proxime futurum, me vobis restiturum promitto bona fide et juramento praestito corporali, volens ex nunc et expresse concedens, quod omnia instrumenta et processus dictam provisionem contingentia, ubicumque inventa fuerint, nullius penitus sint valoris. In quorum omnium testimo nium sigillum meum apposui huic scripto, anno, die, et loco praedictis ; prae- sentibus testibus infra scriptis, Magistro Rogero de Sevenak, magistro Thoma de Sancto Omero, domino Waltero de Ridmarleo, canonicis Here- fordensibus ; dominis Johanne de Kemeseye, Willielmo de Morton, Nicholao de Oxonia, presbyteris dicti patris ; domino Nicholao vicario de Ros, domino Gilberto de Chyveningh, vicario ecelesiae de Lydeneye, Ricardo et Roberto de Kynghesuod, fratribus, et Stephano de Taneto, clericis. No. V. Lease of the Bishop's house in the parish of St. Marv Montalt, in London. [Reg. Swinf. f. 173 b.] ||Universis pateat per praesentes quod nos Ricardus permissione divina IjDe domibus Herefordensis Episcopus ad firmam tradidimus domos nostras quas habemus fordensis in civitate London' iuxta ecelesiam beatae Mariae in Alto Hamoni de Chis;- Episcopi Lon- J , » , ° (ionise eoncessis ge well' civi Londoniensi, a festo Sancti Laurentii anno domini M°.CCC°. Hamoni de la Dane.* * De la Dane and De Chiggewell seem by an alias to signify the same person. Hamond de Chikewell was six times Mayor of London during the reign of Edward II. For an account of him see The French Chronicle of London, printed for the Camden Society, 1844, pp. 40, 41, note. CAMD. SOC 2 E 210 APPENDIX. undecimo usque ad terminum duorum annorum proxime sequentium plenarie completorum, pro decem libris annuis legalium sterlingorum nobis vel attornato nostro per nostras litteras constituto, utroque anno solvendis, durante firma praedicta, infra mensem postquam fuerit per nos legitime requisitus. In quibus domibus liceat sibi vina sua et alias res sibi utiles vel neeessarias reponere, et eas inhabitare pro suae libito voluntatis. Ita tamen quod durante tempore supradicto dictas domos aliis non locabit, nee alios eas inhabitare permittet, praeterquam illos de sua familia, si ipse eas inha bitare noluerit. Et si contingat nos pro congregationibus episeoporum faciendis, vel parliamentis domini regis teneftdis Londoniam personaliter accedere in futurum, dictus Hamo libere nos permittet eas inhabitare, durante tempore morse nostrae ibidem. Et similiter si in nostra absentia contingat senescallum nostrum, vel alium de nostra familia pro nostris expediendis negotiis, vel pro pannis emendis, vel aliis pro nostro hospitio necessariis cum litteris nostris illuc venire, dictus Hamo absque difficultate quacunque et libere unam cameram liberabit eisdem cum stabulo compe- tente, durante tempore morae suae. Et Hamo praedictus dictas domos in fine firmae praedictae, in adeo bono statu, vel meliori, sicut eas reeepit, restituet, et interim eas in omnibus oneribus ad ipsas spectantibus sustinebit. Et si ante finem firmae praedictae diem extremum claudere nos contingat, dictus Hamo nostro successori Herefordensi Episcopo dictas domos libere et absque difficultate restituet. Et si contingat dictum Hamonem ante finem hujus firmae in fata decedere, heredes, assignati, vel executores sui nihil in dictis domibus post mortem suam poterunt vel debebunt amplius vendicare. In quorum omnium testimonium huic scripto per modum cyrographi confecto, sigilla nostra alternatim sunt appensa. Datum apud Kensynton juxta Londoniam die Jovis proxima post festum beati Petri quod dicitur ad vincula. Anno domini .M°.CCC°. undecimo. No. VI. Letters Dimissory granted to John de Swinfield. [Reg. Swinf. f. 68 b.] ||Liter_edimis- || Ricardus permissione divina Herefordensis Episcopus, dilecto in Christo APPENDIX. 211 filio Johanni de Swynefeud, Archidiacono Salopsyriae, salutem, gratiam et sorise domini benedictionem. Tibi dudum per nos ad omnes minores, et subdiaconatus Swynefeud. ordines, statutis a jure temporibus, rite promoto, quia de nostra licentia habes ad tempus, in regno Ffranciae, vacare scolasticis disciplinis, ac perinde interim ad nos commode non valebis accedere, pro ordine diaconatus, ad quem promoveri desideras, admittendo, tuae devotionis precibus inclinati, ut a quocunque Episcopo Catholico, gratiam sedis apostolicae obtinente, volenti tibi imponere sacras manus, ad ordinem diaconatus licite valeas promoveri, eo non obstante, quod Archidiaconus in nostra ecclesia Herefordensi existis, liberam tibi in domino tenore praesentium concedimus facultatem. Vale. Datum apud Sugwas, quinta die mensis Februarii, anno domini .M°.CC°. nonagesimo. No. VII. Documents relating to Girard de Ugina. [Reg. Swinf. f. 68 b.] 1. — Letters patent of protection from the Bishop, as to his property in general during his absence beyond sea for one year only. ||Ricardus miseratione divina Herefordensis Episcopus, omnibus ballivis HProtectio et fidelibus suis ad quos praeseutes literae pervenerint, salutem, gratiam et "yrardl- benedictionem. Sciatis quod suscepimus in protectionem nostram terras, res, redditus et omnes possessiones, quas dilectus nobis in Christo Gyrardus de Ugina sibi justis modis adquisivit et possidet in praesenti in feodo ma- neriorum nostrorum de Prestebury et Sevenhampton de nostra speciali gratia, hinc ad annum, ut, de nostra licentia petita et obtenta, possessiones quas habet in partibus transmarinis tempore praenotato valeat visitare ; et de ipsis, prout sibi expedire viderit, ordinare, salvo nobis in praemissis omnibus jure nostro et redditu nobis debito ac consueto pro terris praedictis, et cujuslibet alterius jure salvo, sive absens fuerit sive praesens. Concessimus insuper eidem Gyrardo, quod a secta nostra? curiae interim sit quietus, ita quod procurator vel procuratores ipsius, quem vel quos ad negotia sua in partibus illis gerenda constituet vel dimittet, possit vel possint in nostra curia 212 APPENDIX. attornatum faeere loco sui, cum urgens necessitas hoc requiret, vel sibi viderit vel viderint expedire. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras patentes sibi fieri fecimus, post annum unum minime duraturas. Datum apud Sugwas .xxiiij. die mensis Januarii. Anno domini M°.CC°. nona gesimo, et ordinationis nostra? octavo. 2. — Declaration as to the disposition of his real estate held under the Bishop in case of his decease abroad. llOrdinatio ter- ||Item. Memorandum, quod eisdem die et loco, dictus Gyrardus pro- rarum ejusdem p0nens a(j partes transmarinas in proximo proficisci, ac in prassentia domini episcopi constitutus, praesentibus etiam tunc dominis Willielmo de Morton et Johanne de Kemeseye, presbyteris, voluit et concessit, quod si contingat eum mori, ut idem dominus episcopus terras suas et tenementa, quae habet in manerio de Prestebury et Sevenhampton pro suo libito habeat et possi- deat, ita ut inde pro animae suae salute aliquid eroget, secundum suae bene- placitum voluntatis, pro eo ut asseruit, quod mallet ipsum dominum episco- pum ipsas terras et tenementa habere quam aliquem suorum heredum, seu quemvis .alium ; et hoc ob legitimas rationes. 3. — Depositions of witnesses to his nuncupative will made on his death-bed in France. [Id. f. 68 a.] ||De ultima vo- ||Memorandum. Quod tertio die mensis Aprilis, anno domini M°.CC°. df ti ' nonagesimo primo, Thomas filius Emmae de Prestebury, quondam famulus Girardi de Ugina, personaliter constitutus coram domino .... Dei gratia Herefordensi Episcopo in manerio suo de Colewell, juratus et examinatus deposuit in virtute praestiti sacramenti, quod idem Girardus, dominus suus, die Martis proxima ante festum Annunciationis dominicae anno eodem, cum in manerio suo de Cumbis, villa Parisiensis dioceseos, aliquamdiu jacuisset infirmus, tradidit sibi quandam pixidem in quam posuerat quasdam literas cautionales vel obligatorias ; et injunxit eidem, quod ipsam pixidem cum praedictis Uteris celeriter deportaret magistro Gilberto de Swynefeud, Can- cellario Herefordensi, tunc Parisiis commoranti, et sibi diceret, quod pecu- niam in illis literis contentam idem magister Gilbertus exigeret a debitoribus suis, et medietatem ejusdem pecuniae ipse haberet de dono dicti Girardi, et APPENDIX. 213 aliam medietatem solvi faceret pro salute animae suae matrici ecelesiae Here fordensi. Et cum idem Thomas quod sibi injunctum fuerat complevisset, in crastino rediens, invenit dominum suum praedictum defunctum. ||Johannes de Wolvinhope, famulus ejusdem Girardi, juratus et exami- natus super praemissis dixit, quod praesens fuit quum dominus suus praedictus misit praedictum Thomam Parisius, (sic) concordans cum dicto Thoma de die et loco; pro quo tamen negotio ignoravit. Requisitus de causa scientiae ; dixit, quod fuit in camera cum eisdem, et audivit dominum suum injungere dicto Thomae, quod festinaret redire ad ipsum ; quia antequam ipse rediret, se credidit moriturum. Requisiti ambo singillatim in quo statu idem Girardus fuit cum haec injungeret et diceret, dixerunt quod fuit compos mentis, et sane et apte loquebatur ; sed de convaleseentia desperabat. ||Ohiit autem Girardus praedictus .xxij". die mensis Martii, hoc est .xj°. kai. Aprilis. Anno domini M°.CC°. nonagesimo finiente. No. VIII. Licence for settling a recluse.* [Registr. Swinf. f. 192 b.] ||Ricardus permissione divina Herefordensis Episcopus, discreto viro ||Commissio ad sibique in Christo dilecto fratri Johanni de Morcote doctori sacrae theologiae salutem, gratiam et benedictionem. Attendentes devotionem laudabilem dilectae in Christo filiae Isabella? de Beye, quae anachoriticam vitam ducendo, cupit Altissimo famulari apud capellam de Leye praedictam nostrae dioceseos; ad devotam instantiam amicorum, et piis devotionis ipsius precibus inclinati, vobis tenore praesentium licentiam concedimus specialem, ut accedente ad hoc consensu .... Rectoris capella? praedictae et . . . . parochianorum ejusdem et consideratis circumstantiis universis qua? circa idoneitatem personae dictae mulieris ac loci ubi ipsa cupit recludi, fuerint attendendae, cum per ipsam et per amicos ipsius congrue fueritis requisiti, ipsam vice et auctoritate nostra recludatis in loco pra?dicto, officium quod in hujus re- clusione fieri consuevit debite et sollemniter peragendo. Proviso tamen * There was a female recluse in the church of St. Giles, in the suburb of Hereford, a.d. 1321.— Reg. Orlton, f. 55 b. 214 APPENDIX. quod de hiis qua? ad ipsius victum et vestitum fuerint necessaria per amicos ipsius competenter provideatur eidem, ne, quod absit, pro defectu victualium ab hujus suo proposito laudabili resilire vel contra votum suum exire cogatur, in animae suae periculum et scandalum plurimorum. Datum apud Bosbury .xj°. kai'. Augusti, anno domini .M.CCCmo. quintodecimo. IIExcusatoriaE domini in con- gregatione die Sancti Lau- rentii Lon- donise. No. IX. Letter of excuse to the Archbishop of Canterbury for non- attendance at a Congregation of Bishops, on the score of illness. [Reg. Swinf. f. 119 a.] ||Reverendissimo in Christo patri ac domino suo Domino Roberto Dei gratia Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, totius Anglia? primati, Ricardus ejusdem Dei permissione humilis minister Herefordensis ecclesia? quicquid potest reverentia?, obedientiae et honoris. Spe firma fultus confido, quod antiquae vestrae benignitatis clementiae adhuc placeat, quod non moriar ego sed vivam, si forte per Dei misericordiam valeat mea simplex infirmitas, saltern per tempus aliquod opera Domini enarrare. Ideo aegritudinum diversarum ad praesens detentus incommodo, in manerio illo moror, ubi mihi aegritu- dines hujus acciderunt, non audens longi itineris cum tanta debilitate subire laborem ; sed sustineo patienter, et spero, quod dementia Salvatoris me castigans castiget, et adhuc morti temporali non tradat. Et vestrae pietati humiliter supplico, ut meam absentiam, quoad congregationem, die Sancti Laurentii martyris proximo nunc futura Londoniae prospere per divinum auxilium et vestram industriam, celebrandam,. habere dignemini legitime excusatam. Praesertim cum illuc mittam procuratorem, ut spero, sufficienter instructum, videlicet, discretum virum, magistrum Rogerum de Cantuaria, Archidiaconum Salops' in ecclesia Herefordensi, per quem, sicut audet mea simplicitas, deprecor, ut mihi nunciare velitis, quae vestrae fuerint placita voluntati. Quantum valeo supplico summo Deo, ut felici successu vos semper dirigat in honore. Datum apud Bosbury .ij. non. Augusti, anno domini ,M°CC°. nonagesimo septimo. APPENDIX. 215 No. X. Agreement between Luke de Bray, the treasurer, and the Chapter of Hereford respecting the offerings of wax at the tomb of Bishop Cantilupe. [Reg. Swinf. f. 63 b.] ||In Dei nomine, Amen. Cum nuper super oblationibus cera? provenien- ||Compositio tibus ad tumbas bona? memoriae domini Thomae de Cantilupo quondam f"P^r °°la" r ^ tiombus cerse Herefordensis episcopi, inter discretum virum, magistrum Lucam, thesau- ad tumbas rarium Herefordensem asserentem dictas oblationes ad suam thesaurariam Tn°raJ ePls_ , copi oblatis. pertinere debere ex parte una, et capitulum ejusdem ecclesia? asserens in usus communitatis ipsius debere converti, discordia? materia esset suborta ex altera, tandem communibus amicis intervenientibus, magister Reginaldus de Heyton' procurator memorati thesaurarii habens specialem potestatem componendi et transigendi ab eodem thesaurario in praemissis, et capitulum antedictum, in hanc paeis schemam amicabiliter consenserunt : videlicet, ut praedictae oblationes cerae per unum deputandum a dicto thesaurario, et per alium deputandum a capitulo alternatim hinc inde juratos, fideliter colli- gantur, et custodiantur, et per eosdem, praehabito tamen consilio et praecepto thesaurarii et capituli, fiant expensa? luminariorum circa tumbas supradictas. Et deinde quod liberum super erit, in tres partes aequaliter dividatur, et dua? partes applicentur thesaurario, et tertia capitulo, et de ipsis fiat prout de partibus sic applicatis duxerint ordinandum. Per hanc autem compo- sitionem, cedente praedicto Luca vel decedente, successoribus ipsius, vel ipsi capitulo, quoad jus seu possessionem in dictis oblationibus nullum praeju- dicium generetur, aut fiat, quo minus prosequi possint, seu debeant jus suum, prout eis videbitur expedire. In quorum omnium testimonium factum est quoddam instrumentum ad modum cyrographi confectum, cujus una pars sigillo Reginaldi procuratoris praefati signata, remanet penes capitu lum, et altera pars sigillo capituli signata penes magistrum Lucam, thesau- rarium memoratum. Acta et data in ecclesia cathedrali Herefordensi in pleno loci capitulo .iij0. kai. Maii, anno domini .M°.CC°. octogesimo nono. 216 APPENDIX. HQuieta cla- mantia Willi- elmi de la Fforde de Prestebury de Forlotelond'. No. XI. Deeds relating to Forlote Land at Prestbury. [Reg. Swinf. ff. 64 a, b.] 1. — Surrender and Quit-claim of William de la Ford, of Prestbury, to Walter the prior and the convent of Lantony, nigh Gloucester. ||Sciant praesentes et futuri quod ego Willielmus de la Forde de Preste bury remisi et quietum clamavi pro me et ha?redibus meis in perpetuum domino Waltero priori et conventui Lantoniae juxta Gloucestriam et suc cessoribus eorum totum jus et clamium quod habui, vel habere potui, seu habere me credidi, in quinque aeris terra? qua? jacent apud la Sterte juxta Laybroke prope villain de Prestebury, quas quinque acras idem prior et conventus habent de Willielmo de la Forde, nepote meo, nuper defuncto, pro dimidia marca argenti quam dictus prior et conventus mihi dederunt prae manibus, salvo mihi et haeredibus meis annuo redditu duorum denario- rum pro quinque aeris pra?dictis prout in carta feofactionis quam saepedicti prior et conventus habent de praedicto Willielmo, nepote meo, continetur expresse. Ita quod nee ego nee haeredes mei nee aliquis nomine nostro aliud juris vel clamii in dictis quinque aeris terrae clamare vel exigere pote- rimus imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium praesenti quietae clamantia? sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus, Philippo de Cyveteus, Willielmo Sim( one?) Gyrardo, tune ballivo episcopi, Thoma att Mede, Johanne Fremon de Prestebury, Willielmo Fremon de Chiltenham, Symone de Chiltenham, Willielmo clerico de Prestebury et aliis. Datum apud Preste bury die sancti Petri in cathedra. Anno domini M°.CC°. octogesimo nono, et regni domini regis Edwardi, filii regis Henrici, octavo decimo. 2. — Agreement between the Prior and Convent of Lantony, nigh Gloucester, and Bishop Swinfield, as to the said land, fyc. HCompositio ||Noverint universi ad quos pervenerit haec scriptura, quod sub anno Gloverniam et domini M°.CC°. octogesimo septimo, cum inter venerabilem patrem domi- domini episcopi num Ricardum Dei gratia episcopum Herefordensem ex parte una, et domi- mutua peti- num Walterum priorem Lantoniae juxta Gloverniam et ejusdem loci con- tionum. ventum ex altera, verisimiliter putaretur oriri materia multiplicis quaestionis pro eo, videlicet, quod episcopus memoratus repetere cum instantia intendebat APPENDIX. 217 quinque acras vel circiter de Fforlotelond', quas tenebant prior et conventus praedicti apud la Sterte juxta Leybroke prope villam de Preste bury. Intendebat similiter petere ab eisdem quinque marcas in quibus sibi per suas literas tenebantur. Ac contra prior et conventus pra?dicti ab episcopo memorato exigere nitebantur unam croftam pasturae apud Seven- hampton, qua? jacet inter terram ipsius episcopi et terram Gyrardi tunc ballivi sui. Nitebantur insuper exigere ab eodem per literas patentes domi norum Hugonis Folyoth, et Radulphi de Meydenestone,* quondam episco- porum Herefordensium, quod ipsis liceret pascere octo boves suos, cum bobus episcopi memorati in parcho suo de Prestebury, et alibi ubi idem episcopus boves suos pasceret omni anno. Tandem communicato virorum prudentium consilio, placuit utrobique, ut omnis contentionis materia sub forma qua? sequitur conquiesceret inperpetuum inter ipsos, et suos succes- sores, ac ut ipsorum ecclesia? sub sincerioris caritatis et paeis fcedere in posterum unirentur : videlicet, quod episcopus antedictus pro se et suis suc cessoribus et capitulo suo Herefordensi quietam clamavit in perpetuum . . . priori et conventui memoratis croftam pasturae apud Sevenhampton praedic- tam, et quinque acras vel circiter de Fforlotelond' prope Prestebury supra- dictas : necnon et quinque marcas praedictas eisdem remisit, et insuper eisdem .xla. solidos sterlingorum contulit de sua gratia speciali, et literas obligatorias ipsorum super quinque marcis praedictis eisdem restituit. Et ipsi prior et conventus praedicti quietum clamaverunt inperpetuum pro se et suis successoribus Ricardo episcopo Herefordensi praedicto et suis successoribus, totum jus et clamium quod habebant, vel habere credebant, ad pascendum octo boves suos cum bobus episcopi in parcho ejusdem apud Prestebury et alibi sicut superius est expressum. Salvo jure dictorum prioris et conventus et successorum suorum quod habent in communi pastura pertinente ad terras et tenementa sua apud Prestebury vel sicut habent alii libere tenentes qui liberius tenent aut tenere consueverant tempore dati prae- sentium literarum ibidem de episcopo memorato. Et ut dicta quieta cla- mantia fidelius in posterum servaretur, ipsas literas patentes Hugonis et Ricardi episcoporum per quas dictam pasturam petere intendebant, ipsi * Hugh Foliot died in 1234, and Ralph de Meydenestone resigned in 1239. — Dun- cumb, i. 460. CAMD. SOC. 2 F 218 appendix. episcopo reddiderunt. Concesserunt etiam per praesentes quod si aliquas literas pontificum Herefordensium vel capituli habeant, vel apud ipsos reperiri contingat, de collatiorie pasturae prasdictae per ipsos sibi facta, quod ipsa? literae quantum ad collationem praedictam sint inperpetuum irritae et inanes et nullius valoris. Ut autem haec omnia et singula firma et rata sub forma subscripta permaneant in aeternum huic scripto in modum cyrographi confecto tam Ricardus episcopus antedictus et ejus capitulum in signum con- firmationis et consensus quam Walterus prior et conventus Lantonia? prae dictae sigilla sua alternatim apposuerunt. Datum in capitulo Herefordensi. Prima die Martii, anno domini .M°.CC°. octogesimo nono. No. XII. Papal Bull determining the proportions of the tax called Peter-pence to be levied in certain dioceses of England. [Entered on an unfoliated leaf at the beginning of Swinfield's Register.] IITranscriptum ||Gregorius episcopus servus servorum Dei, venerabilibus fratribus Can- bullse papalis tuariensi et Eboracensi archiepiscopis et eorum suffragctneis, et dilectis filiis de denarns ... Sancti Petri. abbatibus, prioribus, archidiaconis eorumque officialibus per regnum Anglia? constitutis ad quos litera? istae pervenerint, salutem, gratiam et benedictionem. Qualiter denarius beati Petri qui debetur camera? nostrae colligatur in Anglia et in quibus episcopatibus vel diocesibus debeatur, ne super hoc dubitari contingat praesentibus fecimus annotari sicut in registro sedis apostolicae continetur. De Cantuariensi diocesi .vij.li'. xviij .s'. sterlingorum. De Lon- doniensi diocesi .xvj.li'. x.s'. De Roffensi diocesi .v.li'. xij.s'. De Norwi- censi diocesi .xxj.li'. x.s'. De Eliensi diocesi .v.li'. De Lincolniensi diocesi .xlij.li'. De Cicestrensi diocesi .viij.li'. De Wyntoniensi xvij .li'. vj.s'. viij.d'. De Exoniensi .ix.li'. v.s'. De Wigorniensi .x.li'. v.s'. De Herefordensi .vj.li'. De Bathoniensi .xij.li'. vj.s'. De Sarisburiensi .xvij .li'. De Coven- trensi .x.li'. v.s'. De Eboracensi .xj.li'. Datum apud Urbem veterem .x°. die Maij, pontificatus nostri anno secundo. APPENDIX. 2 19 No. XIII. Perambulation of Haywood Forest. [Reg. Swinf. f. 130 a.] || Perambulatio foresta? de Haye in Comitatu Herefordensi facta die || Perambulatio Mercurii proxima ante festum nativitatis Sancti Johannis Baptistae, anno 7* ct* per vlsutn r r ' dominorum regni regis Edwardi vicesimo octavo, per visum Willielmi Inge, Henrici de Willielmi Inge, Cobeham, Willielmi de Mortuomari, et Nicholai Strinbauth, Justitiariorum c6uruCI e-w-1 domini regis ad perambulationem in eodem comitatu faciendam assignato- lielmi de Mor- rum in praesentia Johannis de Boyland' tenentis locum Hugonis le Despen- hT^St ser Justitiarii domini regis de foresta citra Trentam, Edmundi le Waleys, bauth. Anno positi loco Alani Plokenet forestarii de feodo, Henrici de Penebrugg' et mo'ccO" ' Hugonis de Tiberton' viridariorum ejusdem foresta?, et per visum et sacra- delicet .x°. kai. mentum Rogeri de Bradel', Ricardi de Hampton', Rogeri de Baskerville »™jV " ere" militum, Warini de Grenden', Willielmi de Penebrugg', Ricardi de Childe- ston', Willielmi ab Owein, Roberti de Kilpek, Hugonis de Assch', Rogeri Ragun, Roberti de Chaundos,' Rogeri de Hayeurri, Hugonis Helle, Hugonis de Wormbrugg', Rogeri de Solers, Johannis Murdake, Johannis de Abber- hal', Johannis Ragun, et Johannis de Knulle ; qui, visa foresta praedicta, dicunt super sacramentum suum, quod metae et bundae ejusdem forestae nunc usitata? incipiunt ad pontem de Waye infra villam Herefordiae, et sic descendendo per filum aquae de Waye usque ad villam de Potestone, quae nunc est in foresta. Et a dicta villa, per quandam viam regiam per medium villae de la Calewe usque ad crucem ad caput ejusdem villa?. Et de dicta cruce usque ad molendinum ventritum extra villam de Dewyswelle. Et de eodem molendino usque Kivernowesbrugge. Et deinde usque ad locum qui vocatur Stokwell'. Et deinde per regalem viam usque ad locum qui dicitur Welbetre. Et deinde usque ad villam de Hundirton', includendo totam villam praedictam usque ad praedictum pontem de Waya, ubi prae dictae metae et bundae incipiunt ; infra quas metas dominus Johannes rex, avus domini regis nunc, affbrestavit villatas de Poteston', Hiniton' et Hun dirton' cum boscis et planis, qua. sunt praebendae ecelesiae de Herefordia, ad damnum dominorum praedictarum villarum ; unde dicunt quod antiquae et rectae metae ejusdem forestae, et quae fuerunt tempore coronationis domini 220 APPENDIX. Henrici regis proavi domini regis nunc, incipiunt ad pontem de Suthbrugge in suburbio Herefordiae, transeundo per regalem viam usque ad villam de la Calewe. Et per medium ejusdem villae de Calewe, usque ad crucem ad caput ejusdem villae. Et de dicta cruce usque ad molendinum ventritum extra villam de Dewiswell', includendo eandem villam. Et de dicto mo- lendino usque ad Kivernowesbrugge. Et deinde usque ad loeum qui vocatur Stokwell'. Et deinde per regalem viam usque ad locum qui vocatur Welbetre. Et deinde per regalem viam usque ad praedictum pontem de Suthbrugg', ubi metae praedictae incipiunt. ||HomagiumComitis Here- fordiffi et Essexise. No. XIV. Formal act of Homage to the Bishop of Hereford in his hall at Sugwas, done by Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex. [Reg. Swinf. f. 138 b.] Homagium pro parva Herefordia. ||Item memorandum quod xiiij die mensis Martii, auno domini M°.CCCmo. secundo in aula de Sugwas, hora quasi sexta, fecit dominus Humfredus de Boun, filius videlicet domini Humfredi, Comes Herefordiae, homagium suum domino Ricardo episcopo Herefordensi [pro parva Herefordia] pro terris quas dictus comes tenet de domino episcopo memorato. Et fecit dictum homagium sollemniter dicta die in praesentia dominorum Gilberti de Boun et Henrici de Henefeld militum ipsius comitis, praesentibus etiam tunc ibidem magistris Ricardo de Herefordia, Archidiacono Herefordensi, Philippo Talebot, Archidiacono Salopsiriae, Rogero de Cantia, Thesaurario Herefordensi, Willielmo de la Gare, domino Johanne de Kemeseye, Canoni- cis Herefordensibus ; et praesentibus Ricardo de la Bere, Thoma de Ferrariis fratre domini Johannis de Ferrariis, et multis aliis de familia domini episcopi et domini comitis praedictorum. APPENDIX. 221 No. XV. List of tenants by Knight-service under Bishop Swinfield in the year 1304. [Reg. Swinf. f. 145 b.] ||Capitulum Herefordense, Heredes Willielmi de Breus et Rogeri de || Rotulus Mili- Bradel' tenent Hammelacy pro .ij. feodis et dimidio : et extenta dicit quod '^""uffitenen- tenent pro .ij. feodis et non plus. turde Episcopo ||Rogerus le Rous de Mora Alani tenet illam villatam pro dimidio feodo. Herefordensl- ||Thomas le Petit tenet villatam de Dudel' cum pertinentiis pro j. feodo et dimidio. Et extenta dicit quod tenet pro .j. feodo et non plus. ||Walterus de Dunr' tenet villatam de Childeston' pro .j. feodo. ||Rogerus de Clifford tenet villam de Bruges pro .j. feodo. ||Heredes Rogeri le Power tenent villatam de Bissopeston' pro .j. feodo. ||Heredes Radulphi le Power tenent villatam de Preston' pro .j. feodo. ||Johannes Giffard tenet villatam de Ullingewyk' pro .j. feodo. || Adam de Laitton' tenet apud parvam Herefordiam .iiij. partem .j. feodi. || Heredes Willielmi de Hamma tenent apud Estenor' ,ij. virgatas terrae per militiam. ||Willielmus de Gatel' tenet .iiij01'- virgatas terrae apud Estenor' per militiam. ||Heredes Rogeri de la Sale de Hompton' tenent .ij. virgatas terrae per militiam. ||Petms de la Hulle de Credel' tenet .ij. virgatas terra? per militiam. ||Heredes .P. Ruddok' tenent apud Colewell' .iiij. virgatas terrae per mi litiam pro parte sexta .j. feodi. ||Rogerus Racy tenet apud Bosebur' .j. virgatam terrae per militiam. || Ricardus filius Mariote tenet apud Bosebur' .j. virgatam terrae per militiam. ||Heredes Henrici de Stanford tenent ibidem unam virgatam pro eodem. ||Heredes Willielmi de Alberugg' tenent .iiijor. virgatas terra? pro eodem. ||Willielmus Camerarius tenet apud Masinton' .ij. virgatas terra? pro eodem. || Johannes de eadem tenet .ij. virgatas terra? pro eodem. ||Alanus de Walynton' tenet .j. hydam et dimidium apud Walynton' et Masinton' per militiam pro quarta parte unius feodi. 222 appendix. J| Johannes de Doninton' tenet .ij. virgatas terrae per militiam apud Donynton'. || Heredes Mauritii de Underdoun' tenent .ij. virgatas terrae ibidem per militiam. || Johannes de la Walle tenet .j. virgatam terrae ibidem per militiam. || Johannes de Walsneth' tenet .j. virgatam terrae ibidem per militiam. ||Grimbald' Pauncefot tenet de tenemento de la Hasel' pro dimidio feodo. ||Johannes de Solers tenet de eodem tenemento per militiam pro dimidio feodo. ||Willielmus de la Walle tenet apud Whiteburn' .j. virgatam terrae per militiam. ||Ricardus de Hompton' tenet apud Huntelond' .j. virgatam terrae per militiam. ||Robertus de Brokhampton' tenet .j. hydam terrae per militiam in manerio de Bromyord pro quinta parte .j. feodi. ||Rogerus de Evesham tenet j. hydam terrae per militiam eodem modo et quinta parte. ||Rogerus de Woddebache tenet dimidiam hydam terrae per militiam in eodem manerio. || Heredes Roberti Wyard tenent .j. hydam terrae per militiam in eodem manerio. ||Johannes Baderun tenet .ij. hydas terrae per militiam in eodem manerio. ||Heredes Sononde de Hompton' tenent villatam de Colynton' per militiam pro .ij. hydis. ||G. de Morton' tenet villatam de Morton' et Lude Godefreye per militiam pro .j. feodo. ||Dominus de Stanford tenet .j. hydam terrae et j. virgatam apud Ffrom' per militiam. || Walterus Haklutel tenet dimidiam hydam terrae apud Ffrom' per militiam. ||Dominus de Kaple tenet villatam de Caple per militiam pro .j. feodo. ||Dominus de Walford tenet villam de Walford per militiam pro .j. feodo. ||Et memorandum quod omnes supradicti debent sectam ad curiam de Herefordia de mense in mensem, et debent homagium, wardam, relevium et herietas, et reddunt de scutagio, quum accidit, videlicet de feodo integro .xl.s'. pro hyda integra dimidiam marcam. Et pro qualibet virgata terrae .xx. denarios. APPENDIX. 223 ||Et memorandum quod dominus W. de Valenc' ratione uxoris sua? tenet Inteberge pro .j. feodo. || Et memorandum quod magister Rogerus de Gloucestria dicit quod vidit Walterum Marescallum Anglicum faeere pro dicto feodo homagium domino Episcopo Petro de Aquablanka. Et memorandum quod dividitur illud feodum ; ita quod dictus Willielmus cum uxore sua habent unam partem, et .R. de Mortuomari aliam. Heredes domini G. de Garlt' aliam partem. ||Item dominus Comes Warewyk' tenet villatam de Sapy et Pirie pro .ij. feodis. Et debet homagium, herietam et relevium, wardam et soeagium, ut supra. Sed domini de Sapy et Pirie debent faeere pro eo sectam ad curiam de Herefordia de mense in mensem et de Bromyard sicut fuerit ordinata. ||Dominus Comes Herefordiae tenet villam de parva Herefordia pro .j. feodo. Et debet soccagium, homagium, relevium, wardam, et herietam. Et dicitur quod debet faeere sectam apud Herefordiam ut supra : sed hoc non est clarum adhuc : idcirco inquiratur. ||Heredes Willielmi de la Hyde tenent .j. virgatam terrae apud Eglinton', et debent sectam ad curiam de Frome per militiam tantum, et de scutagio reddunt heredes domini de Ruddel'. ||Item Radulphus dominus de Yadefen tenet villam de Yadefen per militiam pro .j. feodo : debet homagium, relevium, wardam, et reddit de scutagio ad cameram domini episcopi apud Bromyard. De herieto nescitur donee inquiratur, et dictum tenementum non debet sectam domino episcopo. ||Prior Minoris Malverniae tenet .j. hydam apud Horton' per militiam, unde debet soccagium pro servitio domini regis. ||Item Johannes de Salesbur' tenet .j. hydam apud Bridenbyr' per militiam, debet homagium et cetera, necnon apud Bromyard. ||Item memorandum quod dominus de Hampton' colde juxta Boklinton' debet .ij. sectas ad curiam de Bromyard per annum. Secundum alios. ||Parva Herefordia debet pro .ij. feodis. Item Yadefen pro .j. feodo. Item Sapy pro .j. feodo. Item Robertus de Brokhampton' debet pro .j. feodo cum sociis suis. Item Stanford pro dimidio feodo. Item Ullingewyk' ,j. feodum. Item Bokelinton' .j. feodum. Item Morton' .j. feodum. Item Preston' .j. feodum. Item Bissopeston' .j. feodum. Item Brug' .j. feodum. Item Childeston' .j. feodum. Item Dudel' et Eglinton' .j. feodum. Item 224 APPENDIX. Mora Alani. dimidium feodum. Item Hamme Lacy .ij. feoda et dimidium. Item Walford' .j. feodum. Item Caple .j. feodum. Item Hasel' .j. feodum. Item Walynton', Alkerugg', Masinton', Northynton', Ruddok', et Underdoun' pro .j. feodo. Item Johannes Baderun et socii sui .j. feodum. ||Servitium factum in Wallia. No. XVI. Knight-services performed by the tenants of Cantilupe and Swinfield in the wars in Wales and Scotland, with their official discharges. [Reg. Swinf. f. 22 b.] || Memorandum, quod in crastino Sancti Petri quod dicitur ad vincula, anno regni domini regis Edwardi filii regis Henrici decimo, cum idem rex tunc temporis haberet guerram contra Leulinum principem Walliae et David, fratrem suum, apud Rothelan, Assavensis dioceseos, fuerunt assig nati pro servitio quinque militum per quadraginta dies faeiendo pro Thoma Episcopo Herefordensi, dominus Johannes Daniel miles pro Bissoppeston', dominus Johannes Tregoz pro villa de Hammelacy miles, Johannes de Hertele serviens pro Ullingzwyk', Johannes dominus de Waleford serviens pro villa sua praedicta, et Robertus Wyne serviens pro Preston'. Item, quod quilibet miles habuit unum equum coopertum, et quilibet serviens duos equos coopertos, cum pertinentiis. Et se obtulerunt ad dictum servitium faciendum in crastino Sancti Petri in loco praedicto. Et ibi fuerunt ator- nati per dominum Regem, ut dominum Rogerum de Mortuomari seniorem sequerentur ; et statim secuti sunt eum usque ad Blankmuster,* et ibi fuerunt recepti et irrotulati ad dictum servitium faciendum infra quindecim dies sequentes, et secuti sunt eum per Walliam, et tandem pervenerunt ad locum qui dicitur Behelt.j" Et sic servitium suum per quadraginta dies et amplius in exercitu plenarie compleverunt. Et post completum servitium praedictum secuti sunt dominum Rogerum praedictum usque ad manerium suum de Kyngeslon', et inde etiam de licentia sua ad propria redierunt. Et deinde anno quarto, jam mortuo sanctae memoriae Thoma, Episcopo * Album Monasterium, Whitchurch, co. Salop. f Builth in co. Brecon, in which neighbourhood Llywelyn was slain. APPENDIX. 225 memorato, impetraverunt executores ipsius breve domini regis in haec verba. Edwardus Dei gratia, etc. Sicut in custodia prima hujus registri continetur. This latter sentence is a reference to f 38. a. of the same register, where is a writ, dated Jan. 20, 14 Edw. I. directed to the Sheriffs of Gloucester, Hereford, and Salop, to collect scutage for this Welsh cam paign, which seems an attempt at exaction, and to have been resisted as such. And yet it further appears that, either through trick or inaccu racy in the officers of the Exchequer, another demand was made qf scutage twelve years after from the executors of Cantilupe for this very service, as though it had never been performed. The king was doubtless pressed for money ; but such means of obtaining it were not altogether consistent with his .reputation. This explains what is shewn in the fol lowing page, that they were in future precise in obtaining and recording a regular discharge. [Id. f. 121b.] ||Edwardus Dei gratia rex Angliae, dominus Hiberniae et dux Aquitaniae, ||Breve domini vicecomiti Herefordensi, salutem. Quia accepimus per inquisitionem, quam regis deser- pro te nuper fieri fecimus, quod bonae memoriae Thomas nuper Here- Wallia tempore fordensis Episcopus defunctus fecit nobis servitium suum per praeceptum Sanctl fbomae nostrum in exercitu nostro Walliae anno regni nostri decimo apud Buelt, pro fordensis. quinque feodis militum, videlicet per Johannem Tregoz et Johannem Danyel milites pro duobus feodis militum, et Thomam de la Mare, Nicho laum le Seculer, Johannem de Hertesleye, Rogerum de Hertesleye, Johan nem de Waleford, et Robertum le Venur armigeros pro tribus feodis militum, videlicet per unumquemque praedictorum tam militum quam armigerorum cum uno equo cooperto, et quod praedicti Johannes et Johannes, Nicholaus et Johannes, Rogerus, Johannes et Robertus servitium suum praedictum per quadraginta dies plenarie continuerunt, quod quidem servitium idem Epis copus in eodem exercitu nobis recognovit, sicut per inspectionem rotulorum marescalcia? nostrae de eodem exercitu nobis constat, tibi praecipimus, quod Ricardum nunc Herefordensem Episcopum de demanda quam ei facis per summonitionem scaccarii nostri pro scutagio ad opus nostrum de quinque feodis praedictis, de tempore praedicto, pacem habere permittas. Teste J. de Cobeham apud Eboracum, 18 die Julii, anno regni nostri vicesimo sexto, per breve de magno sigillo. CAMD. SOC. 2 G 226 APPENDIX. || Servitium factum in Scotia prout patet etiam in folio sequenti. IILittera con- stabularii exer citus domini regis de ser vitio .v. mili tum recepto et allocato, et plene praestito. [Id. ff. 139 b. 140 b.] ||Memorandum, quod secunda die mensis Junii, anno domini M°.CCC°. tertio, tunc die sancta? Trinitatis, receptum fuit servitium quinque militum, pro episcopo Herefordensi, in exercitu regis in Scotia, ubi etiam fuit tunc personaliter dominus rex Angliae apud Abbatiam de Nyewebotel', per domi num Nicholaum de Valers militem, Johannem Tregoz, Johannem de Eringe, Nicholaum de Blakewyll', Janyn de Doun, Thomam de Mellinges, Williel- mum de Dene, Galfridum Cobar, et Johannem de Chaluns armigeros, anno regni ejusdem domini regis 31°. Et fuit dictum servitium com- pletum et allocatum 12a die mensis Julii, scilicet die veneris post transla- tionem sancti Thomae. || Al honorable pere en dieu . . . par la grace de dieu Evesk' de Hereford Nicholas de Segrave tenant le lu le Conestable del hoste le Roy en les parties descoce, saluz. Sachez, syr, qe Nicol de Valers, chevaler, Jehan Tregoz, Gerard Dorseyn, Geffrey Cobbard, Johan le Dun, William le Dene, Nichol' de Blakewell', Thomas de Mellinges, et Jahan de Chaluns, unt ple- nierement feet pour vous le servise de cink' feeth de eheualer, le quen chose est alue en nos reules e en les reules le garderobe le Rey. Et ceste chose vous tesmoignums. Escrites a la vile Seint Jehan de Perth, le .xij jour de Juyl. || Et est sciendum quod hoc servitium fuit oblatum et receptum apud Abbatiam de Nyewebotel die Sanctae Trinitatis ; hoc fuit tunc secunda die mensis Junii ; et perfecte finitum et allocatum .xija. die mensis Julii ; hoc fuit tunc die veneris post festum Translationis sancti Thoma? martyris eodem anno ; sicut irrotulatum est in rotulo constabularii et mareschalci, et rotulo de garderoba domini regis Anglia?, anno domini M°.CCC°. tertio et regni domini regis Edwardi iilii regis Henrici .xxxi". From the varieties in tbe orthography of the Christian name John, it may be hoped that the writer of the certificate was a better soldier than he was a scholar. APPENDIX. 227 No. XVII. Grant of the Dean and Chapter of Hereford for keeping the obit of Bishop Swinfield. [Reg. Swinf. f. 136 a. MSS. Rawlinson, 329. Bibl. Bodl. ff. 52b, 53a.] ||Pro anniversario Ricardi Episcopi. ||Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos praesentes litterae pervenerint, Jo- ||Concessio ca- hannes decanus et capitulum Ecelesiae Herefordensis salutem in domino fnr!jjns:f faCta sempiternam. Cum in officiis caritatis primo loco illis teneamur obnoxii, a domino. quibus beneficia nos recognoscimus recepisse, ac nos et ecclesia Herefordensis a venerabili patre nostro domino Ricardo de Swynefeud Herefordensi Epis copo habuimus * plura bona ex ipsius mera liberalitate nobis et ecelesiae nostrae collata ; volentes eidem vicem rependere prout sufficimus et valemus, quatuor marcas annuas de fructibus ecelesiae nostrae de Longa Staunton' distribuendas omni anno in ecclesia Herefordensi, canonicis et vicariis ejusdem ecclesia? ; canonicis videlicet tres marcas, et vicariis unam mar cam, die quo contigerit praedicti patris obitum seu anniversarium celebrari, de nostro concordi et unanimi assensu concedimus et donamus, bona fide promittentes eidem, hanc concessionem nostram futuris temporibus a nobis et successoribus nostris inviolabiliter observandam. In cujus rei testimo nium sigillum nostrum commune his praesentibus litteris duximus appo- nendum. Datum in capitulo nostro Herefordensi, die beatae Margareta? virginis, anno domini M°.CCC°. secundo. No. XVIII. Clauses in the will of Bishop Swinfield. [Reg. Orleton, f. 11 a.] || Post haec lego venerabili viro qui mihi per divinam gratiam proximo HVerba testa- succedat Episcopus Herefordensis librum meum pontificalem et omnes J^J jj1™^ ' * MS. Rawlinson, habuerimus. This MS. contains copies of several instruments relating to the church about this period, and grants confirmatory of other obits kept at Hereford. 228 APPENDIX. copum Here fordensem fordensis Epis- libros quibus communiter ego et mei clerici solebamus uti in capella, vide- nunc . . . Epis- ucet> omnes quos emi ab . . . executoribus sanctae memoriae domini Thomae praedecessoris mei, et volo quod ipsi libri ab ipso suis successoribus Episcopis Herefordensibus imperpetuum modo simili libere concedantur. Item simili modo lego ipsi chrismatorium meum argenteum quod emi Londoniae, et .ij. phiolas majores argenteas et thuribulum argenteum et .j. naviculam argen- team cum cochleari similiter ad thus continendum ; ut modo simili futuris epis copis liberentur, et ut sic expeditius citius et melius altissimo valeant in suis officiis deservire, frequenter enim fui molestatus antequam potui praedicta omnia comparando colligere. Haec vero libentius facio quia spero quod mihi defuncto vel executoribus vel meis successoribus non erit molestus meus successor, cum plene perpenderit quod ego in hiis et multis aedificiis, ut in maneriis episcopatus apparet, et tam in castro quam alibi, quae ad sui commodum et honorem pertinent et eorundem quietem procuraverim fieri magnis laboribus et expensis, &c. ||Item imprimis teneor futuro Episcopo Herefordensi in quingentis marcis pro veteri instauro quod quilibet episcopus ab antiquo consuevit suo proximo relinquere successori ; et haec pecunia debet deponi in custodia capituli Here fordensis donee ecelesiae legitime provisum fuerit de idoneo pontifice. UStaurum ec- cle_i_e. No. XIX. Inspeximus by Stephen, the Dean, and the Chapter of Here ford, OF AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF BlSHOP RaLPH DE MaYDEN- STANE RESPECTING CROP, STOCK, CARRIAGES, AND IMPLEMENTS, TO BE KEPT UP SUCCESSIVELY ON THE EPISCOPAL MANORS. [Reg. CantfT. 14 b, 15 a.] || Literade bonis ||Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos praesens scriptum pervenerit, Ste- qu_e post Epis- phanus decanus Herefordiae et ejusdem loci capitulum salutem in domino. copos Here- . . . , fordenses de- Ad vestram volumus pervemre notitiam, nos mspexisse cartam venerabihs bent relinqui. patris R(adulphi) Dei gratia Herefordensis episcopi in haec verba. Omnibus Christi fidelibus ad quos praesens scriptum pervenerit, Radulphus, Dei gratia Episcopus Herefordensis, aeternam in domino salutem. Noverit uni versitas vestra, nos recepisse a magistro Thoma Foliot, thesaurario Here- APPENDIX. 229 fordensi, executore bona? memoriae domini H(enrici) praedecessoris nostri, quondam Herefordensis Episcopi, sex viginti libras sterlingorum ad terras episcopatus seminandas in utroque tempore seminandi, et carucas cum stauro, quales in episcopatu fuerunt relictae. Et quia volumus quod tantum bene- ficium nobis collatum futuris temporibus prosit ecelesiae nostrae Herefordensi, promittimus nos tantumdem pecuniae successori nostro relicturos, nisi fuerint terrae nostrae decessus tempore seminata?. Et si forte, disponente domino, contingat nos in fata decedere citra autumnum terris seminatis, volumus quod fructus autumni sequentis cedant in usus successoris nostri, cum carucis, stauro (et) supellectilibus ad culturam terrae convenientibus, privi- legio domini regis Episcopis Angliae concesso non obstante, nullo etiam testamento a nobis aliquando'faciendo huic ordinationi, voluntati et promisso praejudicante. Volumus etiam et ordinamus, quantum' in nobis est, ut omnes successores nostri futuri Episcopi in ecclesia Herefordensi ad simile beneficium, quale a nobis relictum fuerit, imperpetuum obligentur. Et in hujus rei testimonium, decano et capitulo nostro Herefordensi litteras has patentes direximus, volentes et petentes, ut ab eodem capitulo haec nostra ordinatio confirmetur. Actum anno domini M0.CC°.xxx°.vij0. mense Maii. Nos igitur piam ipsius patris venerabilis ae laudabilem voluntatem consi- derantes, et concessionem et ordinationem ejus super praemissis omnibus ratam et gratam habentes, eam sicut pra?dictum est praesenti scripto et sigilli nostri munimine confirmavimus. Actum anno domini M°.CC°.xxx°. septimo, mense Junii. No. XX. Bond and Release given by Bishop Orleton to the Executors of Bishop Swinfield. [Reg. Orl. f. 16 b.] ||Noverint universi per praesentes nos Adam, Dei gratia Herefordensem llObligatio Episcopum, teneri et obligatos esse magistro, Ricardo de Hamenasse, domino .^^ecutori* Johanni de la ffelde, et Magistro Roberto de Ik', canonicis Herefordensibus bus pr_edeces- soris sui. 230 APPENDIX. ac domino Rogero de Breinton', rectori ecelesiae de Monigton', executoribus testamenti bonae memoriae domini Ricardi, Dei gratia quondam Hereford ensis Episcopi, in septingentis quadraginta et quatuor libris bonorum et legalium sterlingorum pro fructibus cujuscunque generis bladi nunc in terris de dominio episcopatus ubicunque crescentibus, ac etiam bobus, affris, et aliis vasis et utensilibus nobis per eosdem venditis et assignatis solven- dorum eisdem, uni eorum, aut alii attornato eorundem apud Herefordiam in palatio* nostro terminis subscriptis, videlicet, in festo beati Ethelberti proximo futuro post diem confectionis praesentium .cc. li'. et in festo Sancti Michaelis proximo tunc sequenti .cc. li'. et in festo Sancti Ethelberti proximo sequenti, videlicet sub anno domini M°.CCC°.xix°. .cc. li'. et in festo Sancti Michaelis tunc proximo sequenti .cxliiij. li'. sine ulteriori dilatione vel mora. Ad quam quidem dicta? pecuniae solutionem dictis terminis fideliter facien- dam obligamus nos, haeredes et executores nostros, et omnia bona nostra mobilia et immobilia ubicunque fuerint inventa, districtioni et coercioni cujuscunque judicis qui nos ad solutionem dicta? pecuniae licite compellere poterit in hac parte. In cujus rei, &c. Datum apud Tame, die lunae proximo ante festum Sancti Laurentii martyris, anno domini M°.CCC°.xvij0. II Remissio facta || Pateat universis per praesentes quod nos Adam, permissione divina Here- eisdem de de- fordensis Episcopus, remisimus executoribus testamenti bona? memoriae fectibus do- , ¦ • n- j- ri i> j ¦ • • J _. • morum. domini Ricardi, Heretordensis episcopi, praedecessons nostri, omnes exac- ||Acquietantia tiones et demandas, si quas erga ipsos executores habemus, vel habere super dilapida- poterimus ratione constructionis seu reparationis castri nostri et aliarum domorum ubicumque per maneria nostra tam infra civitatem Herefordensem quam extra. Ita quod de caetero ab iisdem executoribus ob aliquos defectus castri seu domorum quicquam nullatenus exigemus ; sed ab omni actione inde excludi volumus per praesentes. In cujus rei testimonium eisdem exe cutoribus literas nostras acquietantiae fieri fecimus has patentes. Datum apud 1Bos(bury), die dominica in festo Sanctae Agathae virginis, anno domini M°.CCC°.xvij°. * This is the first instance that the editor has observed, in tbe registers of Cantilupe, Swinfield, and Orleton, of the application of this word to any episcopal dwelling ; though the mere remains of the manor-houses of the see are at present dignified with the appellation. APPENDIX. 231 No. XXI. Mandate respecting the first ordination held by Bishop Swinfield. [Reg. Swinf. f. 1 b.] || Ricardus, permissione divina Herefordensis ecelesiae humilis minister, II Mandatum dilecto in Christo filio . . . officiali suo Herefordensi salutem, gratiam et j,Us faciendis. benedictionem. Quia, favente domino, die Sabbati, quo cantatur " Sitientes,'' apud Ledebur' ex officii nostri debito proponimus ordines celebrare, vobis mandamus, in virtute obedientiae firmiter injungentes, quatenus omnes rec- tores, vicarios, necnon et alios titulos sufficientes habentes nostrae Here fordensis dioceseos, in sacerdotium hactenus non promotes citetis, seu citari faciatis generaliter et peremptorie, quod compareant in pra?dicta ecclesia de Ledebur' dicto die, quos ipsorum beneficiorum et titulorum cura requirit ordines suscepturi. Qualiter hoc mandatum nostrum fueritis executi, nos dictis die et loco significetis per litteras vestras patentes harum seriem con- tinentes. Datum apud Bosebur' .v. Id. Martii, anno domini M0.CC0.lxxx°. secundo, consecrationis nostrae primo. No. XXII. Submission and recognition of Roger Sprengehose, rector of Wistanstow, on his irregularity as to ordination and re fusal of procurations. [Reg. Swinf. f. xlviij b.] || Memorandum, quod cum . . . ofiicialis domini Ricardi, Dei gratia Here- HSubmissio et fordensis Episcopi, ex officii sui debito procedere ineepisset, contra Rogerum 'ec.T''° ?ec" Sprengehose, qui se dicit rectorem ecelesiae de Wistanstowe, intendens ipsum tanstowe. privare ecelesiam antedictam (sic) ac pronunciare ipsam ecelesiam esse de jure vacantem, pro eo quod idem Rogerus non fuerat infra annum a tempore institutionis sua? in eadem ecclesia in presbyterum ordinatus secundum sta- tutum concilii Lugdunensis, et pro eo quod idem Rogerus notam irregu- 232 APPENDIX. laritatis incurrens se inhabilem reddidit ad beneficium ecclesiasticum obti- nendum, et ulterius contra eundem discernere et statuere quod juris fuerit et rationis ; idem Rogerus, coram eodem Episcopo, in ecclesia parochiali de Bosbury .viij. idus Junii, anno domini M.CC.lxxx. octavo, nulla citatione artatus comparens, super eisdem articulis, super quibus officialis praedictus contra ipsum, ut praemittitur, procedere intendebat, mera, expressa et spon tanea voluntate, ordinationem dicto, arbitrio, sive laudo ejusdem domini Epis copi se (sic) submisit, promittens bona fide se dictum, arbitrium, sive laudum dicti domini in praemissis, sub poena cujuslibet districtionis canonice serva- turum. Ad haec cum ab eodem Episcopo ex parte dicti domini Episcopi duae procurationes ratione duarum visitationum ecelesiae supradictae eidem Episcopo debite peterentur, post aliquales verborum altercationes, idem Rogerus onus dictarum procurationum spontanee recognoscens pro eisdem procurationibus .viij. marcas fideliter solvere repromisit, terminis infra- scriptis, quos eidem concessit idem dominus gratiose, videlicet, in festo Sancti Michaelis proxime venturo, quatuor marcas, et anno revoluto in eodem festo alias quatuor marcas. Et mandabatur officiali praedicto, quod super hiis ipsum non molestet, sed omnino supersedeat quoad ipsum articulis supra scriptis, quousque super hiis aliud habuerit specialiter in mandatis. Haec omnia facta fuerunt die, loco et anno praedictis, praesentibus magistro Stephano de Montegomeri, rectore ecelesiae de Dovre, domino Galfredo de • . • perpetuo vicario de Wistanstowe, Willielmo de Morton, presbytero. No. XXIII. Inquiry respecting the right of episcopal jurisdiction over the Abbey of Dore. [Reg. Swinf. f. xviij a.] ||Pro limitati- ||Reverendae religionis viris dominis Dei gratia Abbati Cisterciensi onibus de Dore. necnon et aliis ejusdem ordinis Abbatibus in generali suo capitulo praesiden- (tibus et) congregatis, Ricardus ejusdem miseratione Herefordensis ecelesiae minister humilis, salutem in omnium Salvatore. Licet nimia importunitas imyetr ( antis ) veritatem debitam subprimentis, vel falsum indebite sugge- APPENDIX. 233 rentis carere debeat impetratis et severitati subjici judicantis [non nunquam tamen]* viri pacifici pra?sidentes pacem et tranquillitatem tam pectoris quam temporis in Domino affectantes aut pulsati periculis aliorum aut majorum territi forte minis, quaedam ad instantiam importunam annuunt seu conce- dunt interdum damnosa vel praejudicialia sibi ipsis, alias nullo modo consimilia concessuri. Hinc est, fratres et amici in Christo carissimi, quod cum vos, domine reverende .... Abbas Cisterciencis ad instantiam venerabilis patris domini Dei gratia Menevensis Episcopi . . . Abbatibus de Neth et de Alba domo nullam in nos omnino jurisdictionem habentibus, nuper, ut intelleximus, commisistis, ut de abbatia de Dore ordinis vestri praedicti, in cujus Episcopi diocesi sita esset, de nominibus etiam monachorum, qui bonae memoriae proximum antecessorem nostrum in dictam abbatiam introdux- erunt ad dedicandam ecelesiam eorundem, inquisitionem facerent diligentem, et quid per eandem invenissent vobis litteratorie nunciarent : super quibus multipliciter admiramur, cum quicquid afferat pars adversa, si res ipsa fide- lium oculorum subjiciatur aspeetibus, fide apparere poterit oculata, ut etiam multum liquet viris majoribus et discretis qui in regno Anglia? limites et fines diocesium et comitatum melius cognoverunt, quod abbatia praedicta de Dore et omnis ejusdem ambitus fundata fuit anno domini M°.C°.xlvij0. infra limites parochialis ecclesia? de Baketon, qute pleno jure subjecta est, et extitit ab antiquo, ecelesiae nostrae Herefordensi praefatae, quam quidem ecelesiam de Baketon praefati Abbas et conventus de Dore ex collatione praedecessorum nostrorum in proprios usus tenent confirmatione nostri ca pituli communiti. Liquet igitur ex praemissis dictam abbatiam de Dore ejusdem esse diocesis, jurisdictionis, et territorii ejusdem parochialis eccle sia? supradictae, infra cujus metas et fines situata consistit, et quod diocesanus ejusdem parochialis ecelesiae, etf in abbatia praedicta, salvis monachorum pri vileges, liberum habeat et habere debeat exercitium jurisdictionis diocesanae, in cujus possessione vel quieta sumus et fuimus pacifice et quiete, ut omnes praedecessores fuerunt nostri a prima fundatione abbatia? praefatae. Liquet etiam quod tam nobis quam nostris praedecessoribus pro jure nostro et pos sessione praedictis (sic) tuenda et conservanda tam canonica quam civilia jura subvenerunt, cum satis simus in omnibus antedictis legitima et longissima temporis praescriptione muniti. Ad haec omnes Abbates, qui in dicta abbatia * Interlined. f Qu. etiam ? CAMD. SOC. 2 H 234 APPENDIX. pro tempore praefuerint, a primaria fundatione domus ejusdem a nostris praedecessoribus admissi fuerunt et benedicti, ac eisdem obedientiam con- suetam, salvis ordine suo et eorundem privilegiis, praestiterunt, necnon eccle- siastica sacramenta monachi et domus ejusdem ordines reeeperunt, et semper sub patrocinio praedecessorum nostrorum in suis negotiis et agendis tanquam sub patre suo Episcopo et pastore, suis ordine et privilegiis spiritualibus salvis, pacifice respirabant. Insuper omnia et singula privilegia pro abbatia praedicta et fratrum loci ejusdem a Romanis Pontificibus impetrata, ac instrumenta fundatoris domus ejusdem, necnon et litterae regiae, et fines et concordiae in curia domini Regis levata? satis astruunt et ostendunt, abbatiam praedictam Herefordensis esse diocesis, prout inspicientibus instrumenta praefata liquide poterit apparere. Perambulatione per duodecim milites dudum facta ex pra?cepto domini regis nostri liquet apte quod dicta abbatia cum suo ambitu sive situ infra comitatum Herefordensem existit, infra quem dictus dominus Menevensis uec habet, nee unquam habuit jurisdictionis exercitium aliquale. Hac autem pauea de juribus nostris multis ex pos sessione pacifica continua et quieta, et hactenus non turbata, vobis scribimus ista vice, verisimiliter attendentes quod per ignorantiam facti, quod ple- rumque fallit peritissimos, et fefellit, viri providi praesidentes interdum in aliquibus circumventi, quanquam transgrediuntur statuendo, pra?cipiendo, mandando, ordinando, vel diffiniendo, saltern de facto quod juri dissonat, aut repugnat.* Idcirco discretionem vestram et caritatem in Domino requirimus et rogamus, quatenus pra?textu inquisitionis alicujus super his vobis missae seu per quemcumque etiam transmittendae, quae omnino invalida est et nulla potius ipso jure, utpote ab his facta qui nullam in his habent juris- dictionem ordinariam, seu etiam delegatam, a suspectis et per suspectos, ab eemulis et adversariis nostris et ecelesiae nostrae praefata?, nobis, decano nostro, vel capitulo nostro, seu aliquo alio, cujus interest, non vocatis, non monitis, non confessis, nee diem aliqualiter habentibus ad praemissa, necnon et per subjectos partis adversae inter benevolos et amicos ipsius, parti nostrae quantum potuerunt adversantes, vel in nostri praejudicium et gravamen, aut ecelesiae nostrae praedictae, aut libertatis ejusdem, jurisdictionis, juris, posses- sionis, vel quas [?] aliqualiter attemptetis, seu attemptari faciatis, ordinetis, statuatis, mandetis, diffiniatis, aut etiam Abbati saepedicti loci de Dore, aut * The sense of tbe sentence appears disturbed by the expression quanquam, qu. non- nunquam ? APPENDIX. 235 monachis ibidem degentibus praecipiatis seu praecipere facialis in damnum eorum seu praejudicium *. . . . nostri et ecelesiae nostrae ut superius est expressum, possit de facto saltern directe vel indirecte aliqualiter redundare. Et si for(fe) monachos antedictos, praetextu dedicationis praedictae, quod absit, aliquis obloquatur, ex praemissis satis poterit apparere quod in nullo super his deliquerunt, nee praedecessorem nostrum pra?dictum ad dedica- tionem praefatam introduxerunt clam, ut dicitur, et latenter ; sed eundem ut loci episcopum ad suum officium exequendum, canonico sibi super hoc directo mandato, ut decuit et oportuit, sicut et nos ad altaria consecranda, et alia facienda qua? ad diocesani officium pertinere noscuntur, postmodum admiserunt. Praeterea, vos nolumus ignorare, quod dominus J. Dei gratia nunc Cantuariensis Archiepiscopus, quum nostram diocesin jure metropoli- tano visitavit, in dicta domo de Dore velut in nostra diocesi situata, sicut et praedecessores ejusdem, eodem jure ibidem fuerat procuratus. Unde liquet aperte metropolitanos, nos et praedecessores nostros omni modo fuisse et esse de jure in possessione vel quieta juris praedicti. Licet tamen aliqua facti hujus, ne vos lateant, referamus ; valde credimus et speramus, quod ea quae jure fuerint in hac parte non poterunt vos latere, quod quibus- damcunque (sic) et qualitercunque privilegiatis nullo jure conceditur ut in praejudicium aliorum, minorutn, parium, seu majorum, vires, fines, seu tenorem privilegiorum suorum excedant a Sanctis patribus etiam in- dultorum, ne privilegium mereatur amittere, qui permissa sibi abutitur potestate ; et, ut etiam bene nostis, nullis viris religiosis, suis privilegiis indulgetur, sed Romano pontifici seu loci metropolitano specialiter reser- vatur pot.estas de diocesis finibus, seu limitibus inquirendi, cognoscendi, et etiam judicandi. Et ne vos ad aliquorum suggestionem, et maxime partis adversa?, qua? se in fratres, monachos et conversos, necnon et famulos ser- vientes ibidem, subjectionem, velut diocesanus eorum, contra manifestam veritatem et notoriam vendicare, et jura episcopalia in eosdem exercere de facto, cum de jure non possit, injuste confingit ; praesertim cum et nos et praedecessores nostri praedicti sumus et fuerunt ab antiquo in possessione vel quieta jura episcopalia exercenai in abbatem, monachos et con versos, et etiam famulos antedictos, salvis privilegiis eorundem, aliquid statuatis, mandetis, praecipiatis, vel ordinetis seu diffiniatis, in nostrorum seu A word obliterated at the top off. xviij. b. 236 APPENDIX. ecelesiae nostrae praejudicium, abbatia?, vel monachorum de Dore, praeju dicium, injuriam sive damnum ; provocationes seu appellationes alibi prius factas et ad sedem apostolicam interjectas, et ad sedem Cantuariensem pro tuitione sedis ejusdem, tenore praesentium innovamus. Licet factum nostrum praedictum, reverentia vestra salva, nobis seu ecelesiae nostrae de jure praejudicare non valeat in hac parte, vestram sanctitatem et religionein in prosperitate votiva conservet altissimus per tempora diuturna. Datum apud Prestebury, iiij. nonas Augusti. Anno domini M°.CC°.lxxxiiijt0. The following note is added at the bottom of f. xviij a. ||Lecta Inquisitione super querela domini Menevensis Episcopi in capitulo Cisterciensi, lectis etiam litteris superius in hoc folio contentis, respondit dominus .... Abbas Cisterciensis in ipso capitulo in audientia coram cunctis, quod non fuit capituli diffinire de limitibus diocesis, et idcirco decrevit ex consensu totius capituli generalis quod abbas Dorensis obediret illi qui est in possessione loci abbatiae jure diocesano et non alteri. No. XXIV. Letter of Bishop Swinfield to Pope Nicholas IV. soliciting the Canonisation of Bishop Cantilupe. [Reg. Swinf. f. 64 b.] llPro canoniza- ||Sanctissimo Patri ac domino reverentissimo Dei gratia sacrosanctae ec- Thomse. clesiae Dei summo Pontifici, Ricardus ejusdem Dei miseratione humilis ecelesiae Herefordensis minister cum debitis honore et reverentia genuflexis pedum oscula beatorum. Quia filius sapiens laetificat patrem suum, et spi ritual gaudium etiam patri suo debet afferre materiam gaudiorum ; de quodam filio vestro devote, quae ad honorem Dei pertine(ra ?)t, vestrae, si placeat, notifico sanctitati, quod tota Ecclesia Anglicana jam gaudet se tam sapientem in Domino filium produxisse, qui a Deo et a vestra etiam sanctitate digne meruerit commendari. Ilium enim Thomam quondam Herefordensem Episcopum, genere nobilem ac universa morum honestate praeclarum, saeculo presenti defunctum, quem dudum, cum ejus corpori im- pendere dignaremini ob reverentiam summi Dei officium sepulturae apud APPENDIX. 237 Sanctum Severum, sicut vestra sanctitas bene novit, luculento sermone multipliciter ac veracissime commendastis, verbum Dei praedicando clero et populo praesentibus tunc ibidem, facit altissimus tot miraculis coruscare, quod ea omnia, quae de ipso ibi cooperante Domino praedicastis, idem Do minus Deus optimus sua largiflua bonitate et immensa virtute signis sequen- tibus, videlicet miraculis, ut pra?mittitur, confirmavit, prout Celebris fama refert per totum regnum Anglorum, et per multas alias partis mundi. Nee mirum, cum vivens ecelesiam Dei praeclaris meritis illustrasset, ac pro ecelesiae suae juribus conservandis labores plurimos usque ad vita? suae ter minum cum omni patientia pertulisset, magis eligens affligi pro populo Dei sibi commisso in extranea regione, quam cum suis nobilibus cognatis et notis temporalis quietis habere jucunditatem, sicut omnes de regno Angliae sapientiores noverunt, nunc ipsam ecelesiam illustrare non desinit fulgore luminis clarioris, ostendens quod functus hac vita vivat verius quam vixisset ad ejus nominis gloriam et honorem, qui merita et pra?mia tanti viri sup- primi non permittit ; quippe cum lucernam sub modio olim prohibuerit occultari. Haec, pater sanctissime, securiori conscientia vobis scribo, quia fui de familia servi Dei praedicti circiter decem et octo annos, in quo tem pore ipsius mores et merita plena virtutibus, quae ordinant hominem quoad Deum, et operibus pietatis ad proximum, ac munditiae cum austeritate peni- tentiae ad seipsum, saepius oculata fide perpendi ; licet suae sanctitatis et aequitatis semitas, quantum sinebat sua rationalis potentia, occultaret, supplicans humiliter et devote, quatenus, attento fructu multiplici, qui sine dubio sequeretur, si ipsum eo modo, quo vestra sanctitas in his faeere con- suevit, sanctorum catalogo faceretis ascribi, vestra velit pia et sancta pater nitas, quod hujus negotii justa necessitas et pia deposcit utilitas, favorabili- ter diffinire ; si, cum is qui lueerna ardens et lucens multis miraculis attes- tantibus fuisse dinoscitur, per vestram sanctam paternitatem in candelabrum ecclesia? fuerit, ut praemittitur, exaltatus, qui ingredientur domum ecelesiae ejus lumen videntes gratificabunt devotius patrem nostrum qui est in ccelis, et benedicent vos patrem sanctissimum, qui locum ejus tenetis in terris. Ipsum oro altissimum ut statum vestrum in omni perpetuitate conservet ad regimen ecelesiae suae sanctae per tempora diuturna feliciter dilatanda. Datum apud Kynleth, 14 kalendas Maii, anno gratia?, M°.CC°. nonagesimo. 238 APPENDIX. No. XXV. Documents relating to the intrusion of Pontius de Cors into the prebend of Hinton, in the Church of Hereford, by Papal provision, his resignation, and subsequent rein statement. [Reg. Swinf. f. lxvb.] ||De Hioin- || Memorandum quod .ij. Idus Maij, anno domini M°.CC°. nonag0 in abbatia de Wygemor' contulit dominus domino Johanni de Shelving' pres- bytero pra?bendam [de Hinintone] * quam tenuit in ecclesia Herefordensi dominus Hugo de Musteriis [qui obiit nocte proxima praecedente vel in aurora ejusdem diei].* Et quia dictus Johannes tunc non exstitit ibi prae sens, idem dominus procuratorem suum dictum dicta praebenda per suum annulum investivit in praesentia subscriptorum, videlicet, domini .... abbatis loci ejusdem, magistrorum Rogeri de Cantuaria et Adae de Wak- herst, dominorum Johannis de Kemeseya et Willielmi de Morton, capella- norum, et Roberti de Selling' clerici, ad hoc specialiter vocatorum. || Ma gister autem Pontius de Burgundia .xv°. kalend' Junii praetextu cujusdam provisionis a Romana Curia impetratae, in eandem praebendam se ipsum fecit intrudi, domino Episcopo et majori parte capituli ignorantibus. Ipsa autem provisio quam a Papa habuit data fuit Romae apud Sanctam Mariam Majorem, quinto non' Martii anno proximo praenotato ; et litera Guillielmi Ambianenensis Episcopi executoris provisionis ipsius data fuit Romae apud Lateranum .xxv. die mensis Martii ; dicta? vero literae fuerunt Episcopo primo exhibitae apud Eye .xv. kai'. Junii postquam se manu armata ipsa die intruserat ut superius continetur. [Reg. Swinf. f. lxvj b.] || Litera capituli || Reverendo in Christo patri domino Ricardo Dei gratia Herefordensi de m rusione Episcopo, sui humiles et devoti capitulum Herefordense salutem cum omni reverentia tanto patri debita et honore. Vestrae paternitati reverendae tenore praesentium innotescimus, quod mortuo domino Hugone de Musteriis nostro concanonico, qui obiit quarta die [mensis] f Maii, anno domini .M°.CC0xc°. Pontius de Cors octava decima die mensis ejusdem mane se fecit installari * Interlined. t Inserted. APPENDIX. 239 in stallum in quo stare solebat dictus Hugo dum viveret, tamquam ad pra?- bendam de Hineton' quam tenuerat spectans, per dominum Johannem de Pouns fratrem et concanonicum nostrum, ceteris nostris concanonicis ad hoc tunc temporis non vocatis ; et postea cum per quosdam ex nostris fra tribus et concanonicis moneretur quod ab illo stallo discederet, pro eo quod nihil nobis canonicum illo tempore ostendisset per quod legitime appareret quod praebenda de Hineton' supradicta sibi tunc fuisset collata, ipsorum monitionibus acquiescere noluit, sed sibi sociavit armatos et dictum stallum usque in crastinuin [taliter] * custodivit, seu per armatos fecit custodiri, absque causa legitima quam sciremus. In crastino autem, scilicet nona decima die mensis praedicti, intravit nostrum capitulum et ibidem procuravit sibi locum ratione dicta? praebendae assignari, et se quoad spiritualia per librum investiri, et quoad temporalia per panem prout fieri consuevit, quum canonici recipiuntur ad ceteras praebendas ; et tunc juravit, ut moris est, se fideliter observaturum consuetudines et statuta nostrae ecelesiae Hereford ensis ; et tunc a nostro capitulo exiens ivit ad domos et praedia pertinentia forinsecus ad praebendam praedictam de Hineton', et de eadem tenentibus convocatis reeepit ab eisdem tenentibus juramenta fidelitatis et homagia tanquam praebendarius de Hineton', nulla nobis collatione legitima sibi facta de hujusmodi pra?ostensa : utrum autem postmodo per aliquem extraneum qui non sit de gremio nostri capituli se fecerit iterum vel aliter installari nescimus, quia de hoc nobis nihil hactenus legitime fecit constare. In cujus rei testimonium literas nostras sigillo nostro communi ad causas signari fecimus has patentes. Datum in capitulo nostro Herefordensi in vigilia Omnium Sanctorum, Datum in ca- anno praedicto. P1^10 Here- r . . , tordensi. || Haec sunt nomina tenentium praebendae praedictae de Hineton' de quibus Pontius supradictus homagium et juramenta fidelitatis reeepit. ||Walterus Baldewin. ||Rosa de la Grene, vidua. || Ricardus dictus Lewin. ||David Bagg'. ||Simon Faber. ||Margeria Pelliparia. || Alicia la Cartere. || Willielmus Wryard. || Agnes Pede. || Agnes Tymmes. [Reg. Swinf. f. lxvij b.] ||Memorandum quod in aula domini apud Sugwas .vj°. Idus .Tanuarii anno llSnbmissio domini .M°.CC°. nonagesimo, Pontius de Cors, juris civilis professor, com- on " e S- * Inserted. 240 APPENDIX. parens personaliter coram domino super omnibus injuriis domino Episcopo per ipsum et suos multipliciter illatis occasione intrusionis ejusdem Pontii in praebendam de Hyneton', se absolute pure et spontanea voluntate submisit et totum jus quod habuit vel habere credidit in eadem praebenda de Hyneton', una cum Uteris et instrumentis provisoriis vel processibus et omnibus aliis in hac parte habitis vel habendis in manu domini totaliter resignavit, ac rogavit humiliter et devote ut dominus easdem submissionem et resignationem ad- mitteret, et de omnibus secundum suum beneplacitum ordinaret. Tandem dominus ad instantiam amicorum, videlicet magistri Rogeri de Sevenak' canonici Herefordensis, ac domini Archidiaconi Herefordensis et aliorum easdem submissionem et resignationem admisit, et eas ipsius Pontii voluntate statim coram assidentibus [et astantibus] * pluribus fide dignis in praesentia infrascripti notarii publici recitavit, et eundem notarium rogavit ut de praemissis [omnibus] f et singulis publicum faceret instrumentum. Quibus ita peractis, dominus [de sua mera gratia] * praedicto Pontio prae bendam de Hyneton' antedictam contulit intuitu caritatis, et super hujus collatione suas literas ei dedit, quarum tenor est talis. HCollatio pr_e-j || Ricardus miseratione divina Herefordensis Episcopus, dilecto in Christo benda. de Hyne- gj. pontj0 ,je Cors, juris civilis professori, salutem, gratiam et benedic- ton cum indue- 7 7 J r ° tione. tionem. Praebendam de Hyneton' in ecclesia Herefordensi vacantem tibi cum omnibus suis juribus et pertinentiis conferimus intuitu caritatis. In cujus rei testimonium has nostras patentes literas tibi damus. Datum apud Sugwas .vj°. Idus Januarii anno domini .M°CC°. nonagesimo, et ordina tionis nostrae anno octavo : et scriptum fuit pro ejus inductione in dicta pra?benda ebdomadario Herefordensis ecelesiae juxta morem. Praemissis vero submissioni, resignationi, earum admissioni, pronunciation! et collationi IINominaeorum praesentes fuerunt, magister Ricardus de Hertford' Archidiaconus Here- qui praemissis fordensjs maffister Rogerus de Sevenak' et dominus Walterus de Rudmarl' interfuerunt. > o o TX7.„. , , „ . canonici Herefordenses, magister Willielmus de Kj^ngescote, juris canonici professor, &c. officialis Herefordensis, frater Walterus de Knulle, ma gister in Theologia, frater Andreas de Langefort, magister David de Merthir ; domini Willielmus de Morton', Nicholaus de Oxon', Johannes de Kemeseya, capellani ; Willielmus de Brugg' clericus ; item Stephanus de Swynefeud, Willielmus de Cantilupo, Reginald de Boklond', R. Deynte, * Interlined. t Inserted. APPENDIX. 241 Radulphus de Marynes, Adam Marscallus, et Adam Harpyn, laici. Item de comitiva praedicta Pontii, praesentes fuerunt Magister Henricus de Lan ton' et Johannes de Stretton' clerici ; item Johannes de Stretton', Petrus de Wormel', Adam de Dunre et Johannes Alkyn laici, et multi alii. [Reg. Swinf. f. lxvij b.] ||In nomine Domini. Amen. Anno domini .M°.CC°. nonagesimo, in- IITranscriptum 3. .. ,. , . T .. . .... instrument dictione quarta, die luna? octavo mensis Januarii in praesentia mei notarii et pUblici ante- testium subscriptorum ad hoc specialiter vocatorum et rogatorum, com- aicti- paruit dominus Pontius de Cors coram venerabili patre domino Ricardo Dei gratia Herefordensi Episcopo pro tribunali sedente, et cum publice recitaret sibi ex parte dicti patris impositum extitisse, quod praebendam de Hyneton' in ecclesia Herefordensi per intrusionem auctoritate propria sit ingressus, sic eam contra justitiam occupando, submisit se publice et sollemniter gratiae, ordinationi, et voluntati ejusdem super dicta praebenda et omnibus eam con. tinentibus, et omnibus aliis injuriis dicto patri et suis per eundem et suos illatis, ac omni juri et possessioni quae sibi ad eam seu in ea possent com. petere quoquomodo, praefatam praebendam, jus et possessionem quae in eadem asseruit se habere in manibus patris praedicti nihilominus resignando pure, sponte, simpliciter et absolute. In quarum submissionis et resignationis evidentiam pleniorem dictus dominus Pontius cyrothecam suam tradidit dicto patri, qui eam recipiens submissionem et resignationem hujus accep tavit et admisit devictus instantia venerabilium virorum magistrorum Rogeri de Sevenak', canonici Herefordensis, Ricardi de Hertford', Archidiaconi Herefordensis, et aliorum qui eidem patri tunc temporis assidebant. Re- nunciavit in omnibus impetratis et etiam impetrandis, omnibusque processi- bus ex parte sua, et pro ipso ubicumque habitis in hac parte, promittens bona fide, sacramento super his praestito corporali, se impetrata et processus hujus redditurum patri praedicto cum super hoc ex parte sua fuerit requi sites, et ordinationem ipsius in omnibus servaturum, quam super praemissis et eorum quolibet duxerit faciendam. Acta sunt ha?c apud Sugwas in aula dicti patris, die, anno, et indictione praedictis, praesentibus domino Waltero de Rodmerlegh' canonico Herefordensi, magistris Willielmo de Kyngescote, tune ofiiciali Herefordensi, Ricardo de Merlawe, fratre Johanne Rous, ca nonico de Wormeleye, dorninis Johanne de Kemeseye, Willielmo de Morthon', CAMD. SOC. 2 I 242 APPENDIX. capellanis patris praedicti, et aliis quampluribus de familia dicti patris. Et ego Petrus Nicholai de Guarcino publicus Imperiali auctoritate notarius, praedictis omnibus una cum praedictis testibus interfui, eaque audivi et dili genter aseultavi (sic), et ad rogatum dictorum patris et Pontii scripsi, et in publicam formam redegi, meoque signo eonsueto signavi ; et in testimonium hujus rei dictus dominus Pontius sigillum huic apposuit instrumento.