En iPSBrI

¦

From the
COLLECTION OF OXFORD BOOKS
made by
FALCONER MADAN
Bodley's Librarian

(3 /h^ i&s- 'C"5-^^-)

THE
ITINERARY O F
JOHN LELAND
! THE
A N T I QJJ A R Y.

¦><:\r

Vol. the F i f t

Publifh'd from the Original MS. in the
BODLEIAN Library.
jBy T homas Hearne M. A.

To which is prefix'd
Mr. W. Vallans's Account of feveral Parts of
HERTFORDSHIRE :
And at the End is fubjoyn'd
A Letter concerning feme /Antiquities between
WINDSOR and OXFORD.

The Third Edition.

OXFORD,
Printed at the Theater for James Fletcher, Bookfeller
in the Turl; and Jofeph Pote, Bookfeller at Eton.
M DCC LXIX.

Dr. T H O MA S F U LLfi-R's
Church-Hijiory of Britain, Book VI. p. 339.
Pity it is, "that Mr. Leland' s worthy Collections were
never made publick in print ; and fome, juftly to
be praifed for care in preferving, may as juftly be
taxed for envy in iflgrofling fuch Monuments of
Antiquity.

THE
PREFACE

rH E greateft Part of this Volume relates to Wales.
The Obfervations are very remarkable, and moji of
them fuch as have not been noted by any of our Hi-
ftorians or Antiquaries that have treated of this
Part of Great Britain. Mr. Stowed Tranfcript was of no
ftnall fervice to me in adjujling fome Paflages. For notwith-
Jianding he does not feem to have underjiood Latin very well,
(for which reafon there are divers grofs Miftakes in his Latin
Tranfcripts ) and tho' he us'd much liberty in adding, leaving
out and tranfpofing, yet his Copy being taken about twenty
four Years after Mr. Leland's Death ( before the Originals
had receiifd much Damage ) they are of excellent ufe in filling
up the vacant Places, and in fettling fome other Difficulties ;
which Advantage cannot be exfpeiled from 'fuch Copies as were
tranfcriVd divers Years afterwards. 'Tis this Ufe therefore
that I have made of this Tranfcript, and moji of the Supple
ments in this Volume (which are inclos'd in Crotchets) are
to be attributed to this Copy and not to Mr. Burton'*, which
however was written by a Perfen of better Learning than Mr. .
Stowe, and is in fome things preferable to it. I have withal
taken notice vf the moft material Variations in Mr. Stowed
Tranfcript from the Original, aud have inferted them with
the other Variations (taken from Mr. Burton J at the Botom
of the Page
In the Preface » to the Firjl Volume I had occajion to quote
a Letter of mine concerning fome Antiquities between Wind
sor and Oxford that was printed in the Monthly Mif-
cellany, or Memoirs for the Cuno\is,for Novemb. mdccviii.
1 have been fince importun'd by fome learned Gentlemen, for
whom I have a great Honour and Veneration, to reprint that
Letter. / have therefore comply' d with this Motion, and Jub-
joyn'd it at the End of this Volume; but the Additions and
Alterations are fo many and fo~ confiderable that 'twill in a

« Pag. XII.
a 2 man~

IV THE PREFACE.
manner appear wholly new. In the former impreffidnl had
obferv'd that Cherrenhul,- that- is mention d in an Hiftorical
Fragment preferv'd by a Leland, was fomewhere about Fox-
comb-Hill near.Ox.FORi>*, and' I am now fo far from think
ing other wi/e that I have in this fecond Edition fix 'd pit at
Chilfwell Farm. Tho' I had this Farm in my view when 1
firji writ this Letter, yet I did not venture- to" put it down
'till I had better confider'd the Circumftances of the Place,
•which I find convenient enough for fo great a. Battle* And
'tis no fma(l fatisfaclion to mt that among other Ferfons5' of
Figure and Diftinflion that agree with.me in this Opinion I have
the Concurrence of a Worthy Phyntian the ingenious Dr.
John Thorpe late: of Uaivetfity-College ; wU as he hath
in other refpecls been a Promoter of this Undertaking, fo he
was pleas' d to write to me a very kind Letter, concerning his
Sentiments of the Place mention' d in this Fragment.
In a Note at the End of Mr. Leland's Naeniae upon the
Death of Sir Thomas Wyat (printed at the Beginning of the
IP. Vol.) I obferv'd that our Bodlejan Copy of ihofe Naeniae
belong' d formerly to one Vallans, whom I guefsd to be a Man
of Learning. His name was W. Vallans y, and I fines
find this Conje&tire confirm'd by a fmall Book written by
him in blank Verfe, in which he gives an Account of feveral
Places. in -Hartford-mire. He was a Native of that County,
Was a modeft Man, well vers' din Records, an Admirer of Mr.
Lehnd^and (I think) travelled into feveral Countries after he
bad pujbiijh'd this Book, which he had not prefumd ta put to the
Prefs if he had not been drawn to it by the Perfwafiqjns of his
Friends. "Twas printed at London (in three Sheets in Quarto)
by Roger Ward far John Sheldrake, in the Year MDXC hut
'tis fo great a Rarity that 1 had [caret. Jo much as heard of it 'till
of late, when 'twas fent to me oiit of the well furnijh'd Study
of ThqMas Rawlinson of the Middle-rTemple Efq;, who
gave me leave {if I thought proper) to reprint it., I fhall
therefore here prefix it to this. Volume.
Bodlejan Library
Sept. 8th. mdccxi.
« See in the Afpendix to the IVth. Vol. of this It in. p. 167.
/S See §. 29. y 'Tis provable he was the fame with W. V.
who writ the Book call'd, The Honourable Prentice. Concerning
which Book fee what I have faid in my Notes to the Hiftory of
the Bacon at Dunmozae, printed at the Beginning of the Hid. Vol,
„of this Itin. p. V,

A T AL E
O F
TWO SWAN^NES.
Wherein is comprehended the original
and increafe of the River Lee,
Commonly called Ware'River:
Together With the Aritiquifie of fundrie Places
and Townes leated upon the fame.
Pleafant to be read, and not altogether un
profitable to be underftood.
By W. VALLANS.
Publifh'd out of the Study of Thomas Rawl i n s o n
of the Middle-Temple Efq;.'

Oxford, Printed at the Theater ; mdccxxix.

VI

TO THE
READER.
f i" J HE reafons be manifold (good reader) that mooved
M- me to publijhthys prefent Tale. _Firjl, that I might
JL "*-- (in what I was able) illuftratei qr make better known
to the world, my countrie or place of byrth : to which
(as Cicero faith) each man doth ow the third part of his
life, and for which ther is no' good man, but wil jeopard his
life, adventure his fafetier and hazard the dear eft things hee
dosth' poffeffe. Neither yet was there ever any man fa brutijh,
but rejoyceth- to hear his countrie commended, and is delighted
when he heareth the fame wel fpoken off and praifed. Such is
thirajfeclidnlbafevery'mdtibeareth ioii™ that Ovid, expr effing
the fame, faid, he could not tel howe it came to pajfe, nor whence
it Jhould proceede. His words be thefe. :
Nefcio qua natale folum dulcedine cunftos
Ducit, &c.
Hence it came to pajfe that antiquity gave divine honor to fuch
as had deferved wel of their countrie : either in peace, by in
venting fomethin'g to the profit or wealth thereof: or in war, by
adventring their bodies in defence thereof.
Another reafon was, that albeit neither my writing, nor other
indevour whatfoever, be able to perfourm any thing that might
either beautifie or adorne the places I fpeake of : , Yet hereby I
would animate, or encourage thofe worthy Poets, who have
written Epithalamion Thamefis, to publijh the fame. I have
Jeen it in Latine verfe (in my judgment) wel dine, but the Au
thor, I know not for what reafon, doth fupprejfe it. • That which
is written in Englifli, though long fence it was promifed, yet is
it not perfourmed. So as it feemeth, fome unhappy Star envieth
the fight of fo good a work : which once fet abroad, fuch trifles
as thefe wouldmjanijh, and be overfhadowed, much like < the Moon
and other Starres, which after the appearing of the S^unne are
not to be feen at aU, ' ¦
Thirdly, being fully rcfolved to leave my country, I held bejl
before my departure Cigneum aliquid canere : not unlike the
Swans^ who before their death dofirig,ds Virgil, Ovidj Horace,
Martial with all the Poets do conflantly ajfiypne. JI&eJ$)ilofophers
fay it is bscaufe of the fpirit, which, labouring to 'pajfe thorow
the long and fmall paj/age of her necke, makes a noife as if jhe did

To the Reader. VII
did fing. Pythagoras did thinke their fettles were immortal, and
faith, how. before their Heath, they rejoice and Jing as. going to
a better Life. The maner of their finging M. Thomas Watfon
in his Odes exprejfeth thus :
Qualis ubi longo mcerore Cayftrius- ales
Confe&us fenio gravi, ciff.
Which verfes A. F. hath englijhed on this wife :
Like to the filver Swan, who feeing death to be comming,
Wandreth alone for awhile through ftreams of hvelyCayJler:
Then to the flowring bankes all faint at laft he repajrth,
Singing there, fweet bird, his dieng fong to Cayjler :
Geving there, fweet bird, his laft farewell to Cayjler ;
Yeelding up, fweet bird, his breath and fong to Cayjler.
The laft, and not the leaft motive a/as my friendes requeft,
whofe importunate clemaund, without breach ,- of ami tie, I could
not gainfay : tt whom, as alfo to thy favourable conftruttion
(curteous and friendly reader) I commit the fame.
John Turner »/ ffe worke.
TO tell a Tale, and tell the trueth withall,
To write of waters, and with them of land.
To tell of Rivers, where they rife and fall.
To tell where Cities, Townes, and Caftles ftand.
To tell their names both old and newe,
With other things that be moft true.
Argues a Tale that tendeth to fome good.
Argues a Tale that hath in it fome reafon.
Argues a Tale, if it be underftobd,
As looke the like, and you mall find it geafon.
If when you reade, you find it fo,
Commend the worke and let it goe.

J.T.

VIII

A Tale of
TWO SWANNES.

HEN nature, nurfe of ev'ry living thing,
Had clad her charge iri' brave and new aray j
The hils rejoyft to fee themfelves'fo fine :
The fields and woods grew proud therof alfo :
The medowes with their partie-colour'd coates,
Like to- the Rainebow in the azur'd skie,
Gave juft occafion to the cheerfull birdes,
•With fweeteft note, to fing their hurfe's praife."
Among the which, the merrie Nightingale
With fwete and fwete (her breft again a thorne)
Ringes out all night the-'never ceafing laudes
Of God, the author of her nurfe and all.
About this time the Lady; Venus viewd , .
The fruitfull fieldes of pleafant Hartford/hire :
And faw the river, and the meades thereof
Fit for to breede her birdes 6f greateft prife.
She calles in hafte for winged Mercuric,
And fendes him to Cayjler, filver ftreame.
Fetch me (faith ihe) two Cignets of the beft,
And in the Laund, hard by the parke of lWare,
Where Fanjhawe buiides for his fucceeding race,
Thy fpeedie comrning I Will there await.
The mefl'enger of all the heavenly court
Makes hafte away to dpo his miftrefle queft :
And from the brood two "Cignets of efteeme
He fleely takes, unfeene <6f any Swahnes,
Which in that river be' fo plentifull,
To Ware he comes, and to the Launde he flies,
Where Venus, like the Goddefle of great Love,
Sate lovely by the running river fide,
Tuning her Lute unto the waters fall,
Wherewith flie did record the love and armes
Of-tnightie Mars, the God of dreadfull warre.
The prefent come, flie layeth downe her Lute,
And takes thefe Cignets of fo great efteeme, Thorw-

A Tale of two Swannes. IX
Throwing them both into her river Lee :
And pofted ftraight up to the throne of Jove,
Where lovely, like to verie love it felfe,
Shee fet her felfe upon her yeelding knee,
And craves of him but onely this requeft,
That her two Swannes might profper in the ftreamc,
And rule the reft, as worthie King and Queene.
The mightie Jove, unwilling to denie
His daughter's fute, for feare of further ill,
Graunts her requeft : and more to pleafure her,
Saith, that thefe two fo fruitfull {hall become,
That all the Swannes, yea, the verie Thames
Shall be repjenifht with their princely race.
Venus yeeldes thankes, and haftes her felfe away
To mount Troclya, where flie tooke her reft.
Long liv'd thefe Swannes in Lee, with great increafe
Of honour, royal tie, and in high 'ftate :
Inricht with iflue of the fayreft breede,
That lives in Severne, Humber or in Trent,
The chiefeft floudes that water Englijh ground.
Three times had Venus us'd them for to draw
Her Ivory Chariot through the loftieayre.
A fpeciall favour (as the Poets fay)
Graunted to fuch, as fhe holdes in accompt.
Now as thefe Swannes began to waxen old,
As time outweares eche creature that doth live :
It pleafed them to fend throughout their realme,
For all their fubje&es of the higheft bloud :
With full intent to make a progrefle cieane
Throughout their land to fee the boundes thereof,
And ev'ry brooke that harbours anie Swanne,
With all the Ifle's that unto them belong.
No fooner was this menage knowne abroad,
But there reforted to their being place
Such troupes of milke-white Swannes, as well befeem'd
The royall ftate of two fuch princes great.
Among which troupes the King and Queene made choife
Of fortie Swannes of high and royall bloud,
For to attend upon their Majefties.
•Then looke how Cynthia with her filver rayes
Exceedes the brightneffe of the lefler ftarres,
When in her chiefeft pompe fhe hafteth downe.
To fteale a kifle from droufie Endymion ;
Vol. 5. b Sa

X A Tale of two Swannes.
So doe thefe princes farre excell in ftate
The Swannes that breede within Europa's boundesv
And in this pompe they hie them to the head,
Whence Lee doth fpring, not farre from Kempton towne,
And fwiftly comming downe through Brooke-hall parke,
Leaves Whethamfted, fo called of the corne.
By Bijhops-Hatfield then they come along,
Seated not farre from antient Verolane :
His Citie, that firft fpent his bleffed life,
In juft maintaining of our Chriftian faith.
j-ThefirfK When they had paft Hartingfordbury towne,
"^incnafc J A quite contrarie courfe they doe finde out :
And though it were fome labour gainft the ftreame
To trace this River, feeding chrirtall Lee ;
Yet worthily they holde their firft refolve,
And up by Tewing, wide of Butlers houfe,
To Digjwell hafte, where Horfley. dwelt of late :
And then to Welwine, palling well beknowne,
And noted for a worthie ftratagem :
1 meane the Danes, who on S. Bryces night
Were ftoughtly murdred by their women foes.
To Whitwell fhort, whereof doth burbling rife
The fpring, that makes this little river runne.
Thence backe againe unto the chiefeft towne
Of all the fhiie, and greateft of accompt,
Defended with a Caftle of fome ftrength,
Well walled, dyched, and amended late,
By her, the onely mirror of the world,
Our gracious Queene and Prince Elizabeth.
Not far from hence ftands many a milke-white Swanne,
Attending for to entertaine their Prince :
Among the which was one of chiefe accompt
That busked up his winges in greateft pride,
And fo falutes this wcrthie companie :
And with a fpeeche that well did him befeeme,
He tels " how that neere Walkhorne, Capel's feate,
C Thefe > '• The Bene doth rife, and gives his proper name
I cond- J " To Benington, and fo to Watton runnes :
" And then by Staplefoord, to Beneghoo heere,
•' Where we, with all the Swannes and Cignets both,
" That live in Bene, doe reft at your command.
Right gracioufly the Princes tooke his fpeeche,
And fo departed towardes Edwardes Ware.
But ere they come unto the Meade or Laund, Where

A Tale of two Swannes.. XI
Where Venus firft did put them in eftate,
They palled up a river of good depth,
The greateft branch that feedeth chriftall Lee. V The 1
With fpeedie pace (as Swannes doe ufe to fwimme) \ third J
They pafle to Wddefmill, and to Thundrich Church,
And fo to Standon, honour'd with the houfe
Of worthie Sadler Knight* and Counfeller
To all the Children of King Henry feventh :
Whofe fonne furviving holdes the verie path,
That leades to vertue and to honours throne.
By Puckhridge likewife they do fwiftly pafle :
And fb to Horne-meade more and lefle, and then
To Withihall, to Buckland and to Barckway both,
Where is the. head and verie utmoft bound
Of this furpaffing cleere and. goodly ftreame.
Returning backe againe, the companie
Were marfhalled and fet in order brave.
And this was done leaft that undecently
They fhould pafle by the guefted towne of Ware.
Thus ordered, they come by Byrches houfe,
That whilom was the Brothers Friers place :
Then by the Crowne, and all the Innes of Ware :
And fo approching to the late built bridge,
They fee the barges lading malt apace ;
And people wondering at fo great a troope :
Among the which, a man whofe filver heares
Seem'd to excell thp whitenefle of the reft,
Befpake them thus :
" Long have I liv'd, and by this bridge was borne,
" Yet never faw I fuch a companie :
" So well befeene, fo order'd, and fo faire.
" Nay (as I thinke) the age that is by paft,
" Nor yet the fame that after fhall infue
" Never beheld, nor lookt upon the like.
The people liftened to this aged man,
As one they lov'd, and held in reverence.
And as they ftoode, behold a fodaine chance : ( A rivelet )
From South-fide of the bridge, hard by the fame, \ or rill . J
Two goodly Swannes with Cignets full fifteene
Prefent themfelves and theirs unto the Prjnce :
Excufing well their flackenefle and offence
In not appearing at their firft command.
The Queene beholding fuch a goodly broode,
Receiv'd them all, and pardon'd everie mine :
b 2 De-

XII A Tale of two Swannes.
Demanding where they us'd, and all their ftate.
Aftet a becke in figne of humble rhankes,
The Cocke made anfwere with a modeft grace.
(t A place there is, not farre from hence (O King)
" A chalkie hill, beneath the fame a hole,
" Cal'd Chad-well head, whence iflues out a ftreame,
<* That runnes behind broad Meade that you fee heere :
" A little rill, yet great inough for us,
" And thefe our breede. yet (gratious Prince) beheld
" A tale there is deliver'd unto us
" From hand to hand, how that a haunted diidkej
" Diving wjthin this Chalk-well head or hole,
" Was forced underneath the hollow ground
" To fwimme along by waies that be imknowne :
*' And afterward at Amwell fpring (they fay)
" Was taken up all fetherlefle and bare.
The King and Lordes tooke pleafure at the tale,
And fo made hafte quite through the arched bridge

f Jta \ To Amwell, when they eafilie did "fpie

i

i

The fpring and rill that comes out of the hill,
And is fuppos'd to rife at Chadwell head.
Beneath the fame comes downe a little ftreame
That fofters Swannes, and comes from Haddam fthall :
The \ And fo by Haddam, where the Bifhops houfe
fixth. j Jjath bene of long, and fo to Wydford towne :
And here at Amwell falles into the Lee,
Then troupes this traine to Stan/led, call'd Le Thele,
And Stanjied where" as Bajhe did lately build,
Whofe fonne yeeldes hope of vertue worth the place
And livinges which his father purchaft him.
Thefe. 7 And nere againe out of the kingly ftreame
venih. \ They pafle by Roydon through little EJlwyke quite,
Then they falute Hunfdon the nurferie
And fofter houfe of thrife renoWmed Swannes :
Whofe honour, and whofe noble prbgenie
Gives glorie to that honourable houfe.
Lord, how they live all glorious as the funne,
With types and titles, fit for their degree,
As kinfmen to our moft redoubted Queene,
And men of high defert unto the ftate !
From hence to Sapsford, and to Starford, cald
The Bifhops : then to Farnam and to Maunden,
And fo to Clavering, where it rifeth' firft,
And then comes downe againe into the Lee, From

A tak if two' Swannes XIII
From Stanfitd. unto Hedfdon goe t!hefe Swannes,
From thence to Broxborne, m&io'Wormtyy wood
And fo falute the holy houfe of Nunhes, r
That late helong'd <!o:eaptairte Edward '"D'ennie,
A knight in Ireland of the beft atecbhijir.' !
Who late made execution on our foes, 1588.
I meane of Spanyardes,- that with open armes
Attempted both againft our Queene and us :
There now Lord Talbot 'keepes a noble houfe,
Now fee thefe Swannes the new and worthle feate
Of famous Cicitl, treaferor of the land,' Thebals.
Whofe wifedome, counfell, skill of Princes ft^te
The world admires, then SWannes may doe the fame :
The houfe it felfe doth fhewe the owners wit,
And may for bewtie, ftate, and every thing,
Compared be with moft within the land.
Downe all along through Waltham ftreet they pafle,
And wonder at the ruines of the Abbay,
Late fuppreft, the walles, the walkes, the monumentes,
And everie thing that there is to be feene.
Among them all a rare devife they fee,
But newly made, a waterworke : the locke
Through which the boates of Ware doe pafle with malt.
This locke containes two double doores of wood,
Within the fame a Cefterne all of Plancke,
Which only fils when boates come there to pafle
By opening of thefe mightie dores with Height,
And ftrange devife, but now decayed fore.
And as they flayed here, they chaunft to fee
The ftately crofle of Elnor, Henries wife.
Then Enfield houfe, that longes unto our Queene,
They all behold, and with due reverence
Salute the fame.
From hence by Hackney, Leyton, and old-Foord,
They come to Stratford, cal'd alfo the Bowe ;
And underneath the bridge that thwartes the ftreame
And partes the fhires of Middlefex, and EJfex both.
At laft (though long and wearie was their way)
They come unto the mouth of river Lee,
Where all the Swannes of that part of the Thames
Attend to fee this royall companie :
So that from Woolwich to Blackwall was feene
Nor water, nor the medowes thereabout.
For looke how in a froftie night or day,
When

XIV A Tale of two Swannes.
When Snowe hath fallen, thicke upon the ground,
Eche gating eye is dafel'd with the fight,
So Lillie- white was land and ftrand befeene
With thefe faire Swannes, the birdes of lovely love.
After a noyfe in figne of palling joy,
A Swanne of Thames invites the King and Queene
Upon a day prefixt, to fee and celebrate
The marriage of two Rivers. of great name.
Which granted, everie one departes his way,
The King and Queene againe into their Lee :
Where yet they live in health and happie ftate,
Or if not fo, they dyed but of late.

FINIS.

XV

COMMENTARIE O R
EXPOSITION
Of certain proper names ufed in tbis Tale.
HArtford-fhire : fo called of the town. King AlfredH^fah
was the firft that devided this Land into Shires,
Hundreds, and Tenthes, whereby hee repreffed the
outrages and robberies which the Englijh-men (fol
lowing therein the Danes) committed one upon another.
Hee appointed that every man fhould be in fome Hundred
or Tenthe, and if he wereaccufed of any offence, if he found
not in his Hundred or Tenth a fuertie or pledge for himfelf, he
was grievoufly punifhed. Hereby he brought to pafle, that hang
ing golden bracelets by ,crof-waies, there was none durft
fteale or take them away. . This Shire aboundeth in plenty
of come, pafture, medowes, water and woods : and hath in
it 120. Parifhes.
Lee, called alfo Lygan, Lygean and Luy. Lee.
Cayfter. A river in Boetia, where is fuppofed the faireft and Cayfter.
largeft Swannes doo breede.
Fanjhawe. One of the remembrancers of her Majefties court Fanfli»we,
of Exchequer : an upright Jufticer, and one that efpecially ten-
dereth the profit of Ware, whereof he hath purchafed the
Lordfhip. Ware. Builded in the year of our Lord 0.14. by K. Edward Ware.
the fonne of K. Alfred. This towne fince the building thereof
hath greatly increafed, and by procuring to themfelves the
free paflage of their bridge gready hindred the Shire-towne
of Hartford. For in old time the bridge was chained and
kept by the Bailiefe of Hartford, but in the time of King
Jebn, when the Barons warred one againft another, and a-
gainft

XVI

Thames.

Severne.

Humber.

Trent.

Cynthia.
Endymion.

Verolane.

A Tale of two Swannes.
gainft the King himfelfe, the townefmen, trufting to their
Lbrd Wake, brake the chaine, and have ever fince enjoyed
their pafiage, whereby it is greatly encreafed, and is likely
ftill to doo, afwell for that by meanes of the Lord Treafurer
the river is made paflable for boates and barges, as alfo
through the diligence ofthe Townefmen, who, with helpe of
M. Fanjhawe, have erected a newe markette houfe^ with en-
tent to procure certaine Fayres to be helde there yeerely.
The Bridge was reedified lately, and the arches made of ftone
at the charges, viz. 140. poundes geven by her Majeftie.
The reft by the Towne and Countrie.
Thames, the chiefeft river of England. The name is derived
of Tame and I/is, which rifing in Glocejler-Jhire, runneth to
the towne of Tame, where joyning together, they make the
Thames, whereof read Leland, or M. Harijin in his defer i-
ption of Britaine.
Severne, a river that arrifeth in Wales, pafleth by Mont
gomery, Shrewsburie, Brydgenorth, Bewdly, Worcefter, Glo-
cefler, and Brijloll. It parteth Wales and the Weft countrey,
and falleth into the fea betwyxt Mylford Haven and Padftow.
The courfe of this River as alfo the reft require a fpeciall
treatife. Humber, or rather Hull, falleth into the Sea at Raveti-
fpur, and arifeth out of fundrie Rivers-, whofe confluence
make a mighty water. &c.
Trent is one of the moft excellent Rivers in England, and,
as M. Harifon faith, increafed with-fo many Waters, as it
feemeth it may be compared with Severne or Owfe, of which
River whofoever is defirous to fee or read more may find the
fame in M. Harrifon's workes, and therefore I omit to fpeakc
further of it.
Cynthia, the Moone.
Endymion, afhepheard, who (as the Poets faine) was caft
a fleepe upon the hill Latmos an hundred yeares by the Moone,
to the intent fhe might injoy his love.
Verolane, called by Antonine Verolanium, of Tacitus Ve-
rulanium, of Ptolomy Verolanium. The Saxons called it
Watftngchefter of the high-way called Watlingjlreete, and Wer-
Itmchkftet of the river Werhm that ran by it. And yet it is cal
led Viruiam, albeit there be nothing left but the ruines and
rubbifh of the walles. It hath bene a citie in old time of great
and efpeciall account, well walled, and defended with a great
fifhing pond, which wel neer did compafle it. There is yet .
to

A Tale of two Swannes. XVII
to be feene (as M. Camden faith) ancient coyne with this In-
fcription, Tafe Verul. which Doftor Powell interpreted to be
Tributum Verulamu. For Tafe in Waljh fignifieth tribute, and
Tafeia a tribute pen re This citie was greatly diftrefled in
the time of Nero the Emperour by the warres which Bund-
wtca the Queene made againft the Romans, as may eafily
appeare to fuch ;as be any thing at all converfant in reading
the Rcmane ^hiftones : yet did it flourifh againe, ahd continued
in good eftate, and among other thinges famous for brine-
mg forth to the world Albon the Prothomartyr, or firft mar
tyr of this land, of whome M. Gerard Leigh in his accidence
of armone wryteth : "Albon was knight ofthe Bath, and Lord
of Verolane, nowe called Saint Albons : who in his youth
< for the honour of this realme, made a royall chalenge of
Juftes at Rome, and did there other Knightly difportls in
« Armour, where hee had onelye theprife, and was made
Knight by -Dyoclefian then Empero'ur of Rome, who had
" this Realme then in Subjection.
"This Man was Prince of Knightes, and Soveraigne Stew-
cc r^t .°^ntJaifies • ?nd after was converted to the faith of
Uiriffc by Amphybalus that holy Knight, who went to Rome
with Baffianus the Sonne of Severus in the companie of
" 1500. of the chiefe Lordes fonnes of Brittaine and Corne-
wall, where Zepherinus then Bifhop privily inftruded him
< "In ¦ ^ u°fr Ch"ft' Which' at his returne' h« ^ught to
Albon. in fuch fort, that openly profefling the fame, they were
in the time ofthe Emperour2)w'^» both martyred" Wher-
of you may reade in Gildas and Bide. After this, the Citie was
yet in mod. eftate, until the time of the Saxons, when Oila
and Eofa taking it for their refuge, were befieged by Vther
Pendragon, who brake the walles and defaced it. After this by
htle and litle it.languifhed, fo that it became a denne or har
bour of theevesand harlots, untill King Ofa, about the yeare
of our Lord 7.93. builded an Abbey in honor of S. Albon, in
a place called Homelhurjl. Hencefoorth the olde Citie de-
caied, and S. Albons flourifhed. And Alfricke fhe feventh Ab
bot of the houfe bought the fifhing pond of the King • and
for that the Fifher-men dayly endomaged the religious people,
it was with great coft drayned and made drie. There re-
maineth at this day a ftreet in S. Albons, called Fijhpoole
itreet: and for that there hath bene found about the Citie,
anchors, keles of boates, old nailes, and fuch trafh, fome
have fuppofed the Thames to have runne that Way, which er-
Vo1- 5- c

XVIII 4 Tale of tm.SiVAiwesi.
rour grewe by corruption .of 'Qytdvs's booke, where -he men*
tioneth .of S. Albon' s, death- But' it is not (o. hut hear what
ancient Recordes doo teftifie concerning the&me.
In the time of King Edgar, when Aegehred wasi Abbot, he
caufed the ruines oiYcrqlqne to be feanched, the yaultes to bee
uncovered, and the pavements to he digged up : where he
found Pillers, peeces of antique worke, threfholds, door
frames, pillers for windowes of fine mafonrie worke, fome of
Porphyrie, fo,r»e Touch, fome Alabafter, all which were verie
convenient for his purpofe. Befides hee found fookets of Lat-
tyn, and of Brafle, with divers other thinges Which he refer-
ved towardes the foundation of -a new Abbey, which he in
tended to buijld. But being. prevented by death, Edmerus his
fucceflor digged againe, and.found idols, altars richly covered,
jugs and -prufes with pots, fome . of wood, ,fbme ftone, and
fome, .gold, : artificially wrought and carved. And proceeding
farfthprj, he fouiid pots of ^pld, filver, and fonjd.of brafie, fome
with coyne, -and fome with bones and afhes of fuch as have
bene burned. or buried : all which were referved, and the met-
tels melted, .a;njd kept for this new Abbaie, which being at laft'
finifhed wa.s indwed with great ftore of livinges and manifold
privileges, aid the new towne.ofS. Albons dayly more and
more jncreafed, famous as well for the Abbay, as alfo for
two nofable civill battailes fought there during the faction be
twixt the two great houfes of Yorke and Lancafter. Thus
much ;of Verolane, whereof more might be faid, which for
brevitie fake I omit.
BificpsHat. Bijhpp Haffield or Hethfield. John Morton Bifhopof Ely
^Meld ^u'W?d there a houfe which nowe belongeth to her Ma-
¦ltJ" • jeftie,
Hunfdon. HunfdoM, as Lehnd reporteth, belonged once to the Bohuns
and Bernyers, from them to the Howards. The. duke of North-
folk, fofpeding that a tower of die houfe would fall by reafon
of the height? tooke downe a' part thereof. And King Henrie
the eight making an exchange with the Duke, newly reedified
the houfe ; fince whofe time it is honoured with the title of a
Baronnie, which Henry Gary, Lord Chamberlaine of her Ma
jefties houfhojd, liefetenant of Nortbfolke and Suffolke, and
Captaine of Bflrwike, at this day enjoyeth.
Hartford. Hartford, called by Antonine and the Romans Durocobrivas.
The Brittaines or Weljhmen call red water Dur Coh, and Briva
as wel, with them as alfo with the antient Galls fignifieth over
the water, as Briva Odsra, Briva IJfara, which fignjfie paf-
fages

A Tak of. two Swannes. XIX
fages oyej- rivers of the fame name. The Saxons called it
Herudford, as in one booke remaining With John Stowe (a di
ligent fearcher and preferver of Antiquities) it is Written Heo-
rutfordr Bedt in' the fourth! booke of his Eeclefiafticall hiftory
mentiorrgth how Theodorus Archbifhop of Canterbury held a
Synod or: Provincial! counfell at Herudford, Anno 670. but
now it is corruptly (as I thinke) called Hartford, which Leland
interpreted! Cervi vaditm, the foord of Hartes. It hath bene
in olde time of good account, as well by reafon of the Caftel
as alfo of the Priory. The Caftel. was builded firft by Edward
fenior in the ninth yeare of his raigne, as Henry Huntington
faith, whofe wordes be : Edvardus Anno 9. regni fui conjlruxit
Herefordium caftrum non immenfum fed pulcherrimum tamen
inter Benefician, Mimeram, & Ligean, fiumina non profunda
fed clarifjima tamen. This Caftel hath fince beene increafed
by the Clares, and then by the Dukes oi'Lancafler. For Roger de
Clare in Henry the fecond his time was created Erie of Hart
ford. And Robert Fitzwalter that came of the fame houfe in
King Stevens time did boldly affirme that the keeping of the
Caftel did of right belong unto him. Henry the third gave the
Caftel with the honour belonging to it to William Valence
Erie of Penbroie, Anno 1247. After it fell to the Dukes of
Lancajler, who ufed to lodge at it verie often. In the yeare of
our Lord 1357. the Queene of Scottes, filter to King Edward
the third, departed this life, lying at Hartford with her filler in
law the Queene of England, and in the year 1458. for a fray
made in Fleeteftreet in London, the King fent the principals of
Clifford, Furnivall, and Barnardes In, as Prifoners to Hart
ford Caftel. KingHenry the fixt ufed often to keepe his Chrift-
mas there : and, to conclude, King Edward the fixt was nurfed
and fchooled there.
The Priorie was builded by Ralfe Lord Lymefey, who came
into England with William the Conquerour, and was (as the
Monkes reported) his fillers fonne.
The townefmen of late have procured to themfelves a new
corporation, and have on the Saterday a good market and eve
ry yeare three faires. In Edward the 3. time, as I have feene
in an olde record, they had two markets in the weeke and but
two fayres.
In the time of Henry the eight, viz. 1507. there was a Pa-
per-Mill at Hartford, and belonged to John Tate, whofe fa
ther was Mayor of London. c 2 Waltham,

XX A Tale of two Swannes.
Waltham. Waltham, a market towne. The1Abbay was builded by"
King Harold, who fhortly after i he had built it was flaine by
William the Conqueror. His mother with great and earneft fute
obtained his body, and intoumbed the fame in the Abbay.
EInors Elnors Croffe, commonly called Waltham Crojfe. K. Henry
the firft fet it up in memory of his wife (who died in Lincoln-
Jhire ;) and wherefoever her body was caried, there he erecled
a Croffe with the arrpes of England, Cafti'e and Pontoys, ge-
ven on the fame, of which the Crofie in Chepe, and Charing
Croffe be two of the fayreft.

Croffe.

To

( XXI )

To his Beloved Father
JOHN VALLANS,
W. V. wifheth the grace of God with
Health and Profperitie.
THE dutie (deare Father) I owe unto you, the regard
of my promife, together with the remembrance of
your reafonable requeft, doo not a litle moove me
to write a few words concerning the matter where
of, at my being with you laft, wee with certaine of our
friendes talked. And I am well affured that you remember
what a ftyr N. B. kept, when I faid that fhips had bene at
Ware, affyrming, how it was unpoflible that that river, which
but of late was fcarce able to bear a final whyrrie, fhold in
times paft beare big and mighty fhips. Truly his wordes
were many and great, but his reafons were final. And fince
that at that time I promifed to fend you in a letter a plaine
and evident prooffe of thofe words which there I uttered, I
doubt not but in thefe few lines fully to fatisfie, not only your
requeft, but alfo your mind, and confirme you in that opi
nion which fewe men (unleffe fuch as be altogether ignorant
of tbe matter and of the place) wil denie. And firft I will
fhew you the caufe for which the fhips went thither, and what
they did there. Then will I plainly proove both by authoritie
and examples, that it is likely that they were there. Laftly,
I wil (as my promife was) fhew you about what time and by
whome Ware was builded.
That Ships have been at Ware.
*TPHE Danes, who (as Polidor Virgil faith) dwelled in olde
-*¦ time beyond IJler, but now be they inhabitants of the
Germane Ocean or Denmark, perceiving how that their Coun- try

XXII That Ships have bene at Ware:
try was overmuch preffed with the great multitude of people
that inhabited the fame, determined to fubdue the land, to
drive out the Eng lijh-men, and ta plant tbemfelves and their
pofterity for ever in the fame. For perfoucming and aceom-
pli'fhing whereof they armed great ftore of chofen fouldiers,
who about the yeare 832. in 34. fhips entered the river of
Thames, landed by great force, fpoiled, fired, and wafted the
Country fo far, that Egbert, who then was King of the more
part oi England, was jaifre with ah hoaft of men to fhccour
and relieve his diftrefled •ftrbje6t.es. But fuch was the will of
God for the punifhment of finne that then was rife, that the
Kinge' joining battajfe with, the Danes*, Was oy them difcom-
fited and put to flight. After this battaile the Danes were fo
encouraged, that they came out of their Countrie like fwarmes
of Bees ; fo that if in one weeke there were five thoufand of
them flaine, yet in the weeke following" there would came
eight thoufand more tofupply their roomes. They were of-
tentime difcomfited,. and. the greater part of them driven
backe by divers valiant Kinges and Princes. But yet by rea
fon of their often arrivall, their force was- ftill increafed: ahd
maintained. One while they arrived in one place, and then
in an other, fooiling, burning, and killing all they could
come by. It were too long, to tell, and verie grievous it is to
thinke now religion was decaied, learning, forgotten, all
partes and quarters of the Realme wafted and' fpoiled-; how
cities, townes, churches,, abbaies; and religious houfes. were
confiiihed with fire and. flame ; how miferablie the Commons
were afflicted, how pitifully men, women and children, and
all fortes of people went to wracke;, how wonderfully the<
Kinges therntelVes were amafed, the comming of their ene
mies being both fuddaune arid violent ; how cruelly fire and'
fword, famine and death raged thorow out the land, heaven
and earth intending as it were the fatall deftru£tion and utter
decay ofthe realme.. This miferie continued the fpace of
300. and odde yeares* within which yeares,. namely abour
the yeare of our Lord. 9.17. the 23d'. yeare of King Alfreds
raigne, a great armie of Danes, having received an overthrow
at a place called Battington befide Severne, fled into Eaft Eng
land, and there wintered, and prepared a great hoaft againe
out of Northumberland and other places^ leaving there their
wives and childr-en, together with their money, fhips and**
munition, in Eaft England, and with great fpeed. got to the
Citie of ' Leagecejler (which at that time' was. deiblate, the'
inhabitantes

That Ships have bene at "Ware. XXIH
whabirantes having for fear ofthe Danes forfeken it) ox ever
KmgAlfred and Ethered the under King with their armies
r T?ertem* lAnd ?et fuch ^ ^ <«ie. that
King ,AJred_ ufed irt this purfuit, that or. ever his enemies
wonne the citie, he with his companie tookea great deale of
their carnage with all the booties o'f cattaile and other thinges
thatthey m their journey by robbing and fpoyling had obtain
ed and driven awaj. Hee alfo befieged the citie two or three
daies, but perceiving- it woulde finally availe, he was faine,
(a grievous thing toheare) to burn up the greateft part of the
come that grewe there aboutes, and beffow the reft amongft
his horfes, leaft his enemies fhoujde have the fruit and com-
moditie thereof. The Danes perceiving that, and feeing there
was nothing left whereof they might live in thofe partes, de
parted from thence', and in great hafte got them to North
Wales, where they fpoyled and harried the countrie farre and
neej-e, driving away great booties of Cattel, and carrieng
with them rich fpoiies. From hence they departed, and bet
caufe for feare of the Mercians they durft not traveile that
way, they coafted along the countrie till they came to North
umberland, andfo through Middle England, taking their fhips,
their wives arid children out of Eaft England with them, they
arrjved at a little Ifland fcituare in the Sea, in the eaft part of
tjjex, called Merfeyge. From thence they departed and came
into the river oi Thames; and-feeing that Winter was now at
hand, they drew or rowed their fhippes up the river Lygean.
And twentie miles from London they began to buylde a Fort,
which being finifhed, they taried there all that wynter, fpoyl-
ing, robbing and burning thofe quarters without mercy.
When Winter was paft, a great part of the Citizens of Lon
don, with thofe that inhabited neere thereaboutes,' travelled
thether, and by force minded to breake downe the Fort or
Munition which they had there buylded. But the Danes ftout-
lye refitted them, and not far from the place gave them a
fharpe battaile, where the Chriftians were put to flight, and
foure of King Alfreds men were flaine.
Tllus the Pagane or Heathen Danes remained Lordes or
Maifters of thofe quarters, compelling the husbandmen to
eare and till the ground, meaning themfelves to reape the
commoditie of it. But the good King Alfred, who alwaies
was carefull for the welfare of his fubjecles, gathered an armie,
and before harveft time pitched his tents neer to the place of
their abode. By whofe comming the enemies were fo af-
fraid,

XXIV That Ships have bene at Ware.
fraid, that they durft not once peepe out of their hold to fetch
either cattell or come out of the fields by force. In this fpace,
it happened on a time, as the King rode alongft by the river
fide, he viewed the water, and perceiyed how that in fome
places of it the chanell might eafily be flopped, and the
ftreame made leffe. Whereupon he (as Huntington writeth)
caufed it to be cut into three feverall braunches or armes. But
howfoever it was, hee fo weakened the ftreame, that the
Danes could not bring back their fhips the fame way they
came. Which thing the Danes perceiving, and knowing well
it was in vaine for them to abide any longer there, they left
their Ships, and fled by land as faft as they could to Quat-
bridge, fending their wives and children againe into Eaft Eng
land. After this the King departed, and the Londoners and
COuntrimen feeing the Danes were gone, burft downe their
Holde, and got fome of their fhips backe againe to London,
and the reft they burned and brake all to peeces.
But here peradventure you will aske me, how I fhoulde
come by the knowledge of thefe thinges, beeing done fo many
hundred yeares agoe I To. this I anfwer, that in things that
were done long before any man that is now living can re
member, we muft credit that our Fathers have committed to.
writing concerning the fame. And in my opinion the neerer
the reporter liveth to thofe times in which the thinges he
fpeaketh or writeth of were done, the more credite is to bee
geven to him.
And as concerning this matter, it is confirmed by the re-
porte of a verie auncient, reverent and learned Wryter,
namely Afferus Menevenjis, Bifhop of Saint Davies, that
lived in the verie felfe fame time when thefe. thinges were
done, and Maryanus Scotus, who lived and wrote a Chro
nicle at leaft 500. yeares ago, as Florentius a Monk of
Worcefler, who continued it, doth witnefle and declare. Be-!
fides divers others of great antiquitie and credite, as Henry
of Huntington, Mathew of Wejlminfter, and manie moe, who
doe all confirme that which is before declared. Befides
there remayneth yet the ruines of an old Caftel or Fort
betweene Hartford Caftel and the Mill, which I doe un
doubtedly beleeve was the verie felfe fame Fort that the
Danes builded.
Moreover, O. Croffe did credibly enforme me that at the
building of Stanfted bridge, there were found within the river
peeces of broken fhips or craers, nayles and other thinges which

That Ships have bene at Ware, XXV
SS Semedt° k\0nsj t0 fome Sreat ^P8 or vei£Is. All
which thinges confide'red, together with the parting of the
ltreame before remembred, me thinkes fhould be fufficient
to connrmeyour rninde, and caufe you to beleeve that
there have bene fhips at Ware and Hartford.
Wf!iere^nt0 lf mzy bee *dded that h was a common ufe
Ot the Danes to'row or drawe up their fhips into fome fmalle
creeke or nver Where that they might ride all winter with'
leaft danger. And time worketh fome alteration both by
water and by land, that' where great rivers did fometimes run,
rrowitis utterlie drie, and, in ftead of maine waters we have
gpodlyand flonfhing meades. And in like fort where goodly
cities and caftels fometimes did ftand there now "groweth
come. * or examples of this we rieed not feeke far, fince that
in London not above 277. yeeres ago, namely in the yeere of
our Lord 1300. when Henry Waleys was Mayor of the citie
there ran .a river through Walbrook with two bridges over
it, Whereof William- Jordan and John de Bever were maifters
and governors. What is become of the river Were that ran
by t>. Albons, of which the great city that in old time flood
there took the name and was called Werlamchejler, whereof
Leland in his commentaries maketh mention ? Concerning
cities the diligent reader of Chronicles mall meet with the
names of many, of which there is at this day no rubbifh nor
rum to be feen, as oi Andres Chejler, that flood in Suffix on the
edge ofthe great wood called ^r^wW<> ; oi Ithancefter, that
ftood^n the river Panta in EJex ; and of infinite moe, of
which as I fayd, there is left no token, but as the Poet
laith, Jam feges ejl ubi Troja fuit. Thus have you heard
(deare father) both the doings of the Danes not only in
England, but alfo what they made in thofe parts of the
land whereof we talked, and where you dwel. There re
mained now to write unto you, as I promifed, how long
it is fince Ware, was built, and in what Kinges daies the
fame was done, of which I minde to fay no more then
that which hath bene alreadie written1 by. fuch as have in
their Hiflories and Chronicles made mention of fuch towries
as were builded by King Edward thereaboutes. And heerein
I cannot but much miflike of their opinion that affirme that the
towne of Hartford was builded by King Edward the firft be
fore the Conquefl; feeing thdt by the' very wordes oi Hunting
ton it appeareth that it was but the Caftel that he builded. Eor
we read in Beda. his hiftory of a counfel of Bifhops that was
Vol. 5. d hel4

XXVI That Ships have bene at Ware.
held at Hartford long before Edwardes time. This Caftel I
meane of Hartford was builded in the year of our Lord 912.
by Edward the fonne of King Alfred, and two yeares after he
builded a towne on the North fide of Lee, which is the fame
that I doe take to be Ware, and was in hand when Wiiham in
EJfex was alfo begun, namely 663. yeares fince. Thus much
(father) for this time I thought good to write unto you con
cerning this matter, nothing doubting but that hereafter,
when all thinges be finifhed, that by meanes of the Lord
Treafurer, maifter Fanjhawe, and other worfhipfull men be
in hand for the amendment and fcowring ofthat river, you
and I both fhall fee, though not fhippes, yet good big boates
and veffels paffe too and fro betwixt London and Ware, to
the commoditie and pfofite of the whole countrey, which.
God graunt. Your obedient fonne W. Valiant.

N

XXVII

NOTES.
PAG. V. A Tale &c.J Tho' I have mention'd only
Hartford-Jhire in my general Title Page, and in my Pre
face, yet this Tra£t takes in fome other Places (in EJfex and
Middlefex) feated upon the River Lee. P. VI. I. 35. as Virgil,
Ovid, Horace, Martial Uc] So I have corrected it. Before
it was, as Ovid, Virgil, Martial, Horace &c. Ibid. I. 37. Spirit,
which, labouring] I have fupply'd this Place, the Word which
being before wanting. P. VII. 1. antepenult, geafon.] Sic
plane in Codjce quo ufus fum. P. VIII. 1. 12. of her nurfe
and all.'] Nonnulli forfan commate poll her diftinguendurn
effe cenfuerint. Ibid. 1. 14. pleafani] I have added this word.
Ibid. 1. 19. faith fee] So I have corrected it. Before 'twas,
faith he P. IX. 1. 15. Troclya] Non aliter in Cod. noftro.
P. X. 1. 9. that firji fpent his &c] So I have corrected it.
Before it was, that firft did fp end his &c. P. XI. 1. 13. To
With'ihall, taBuckland &c] Malim, To Withiall, Buckland
&c. Ibid. 1. 26. heares] Id eft, haires. And fo 'tis written
with a Pen by Mr. R awl, in son in the Margin of his
Copy. Ibid. 1. 40. Prefent] Antea, prefents. P. XII. 1. 12.
Chalk-well] It fhould be rather Chadwell, as he writes it a
little before and a little after. Or if Chalk-well be retain'd,
then it fhould be fo corrected in the other two Places. Ibid.
1. 19. Jpie] Antea, efpie. Ibid. 1. 26. into the Lee.] So I have
corrected it. Before 'twas, into the River Lee. Ibid. 1. 27.
Stanfied, call'd LeThele,] I believe it fhould be rather, Stan,
call'd Le Thele. It goes commonly by the Name of Stan-
theele. Ibid. 1. 32. through little Eflwyke quite.] Malim,
thorough Eflwyke quite. P. XIII. 1. 27. By opening of thefe &c.
So I have corrected it. Before 'twas, By opening anie of
thefe &c. Ibid. 1. 37. And partes the Jhires &c] Reftius
forfan, And parteth Middlefex and Effex both. P. XVI. 1. 10.
at the charges, &c] Malim, at great charges, whereof 140.
poundes was geven by her Majejlie, the rejl by the Toume and
Countrie. Ibid. 1. 13. of Tame and Ifis,] This is the com
mon opinion, but it has been rejected by others, and parti
cularly by my late learned Friend Mr. Edward Lhvyd.
Ibid. 1. 15. Leland] In his Cygnea cantio, which I defign to
reprint hereafter. P. XVII. 1. 1. ancient coyne] „F. an ancient
loyne. This coyne I have had ingrav'd in the Title Page of
d 2 this

XXVIII NOTES,
this TracT: oi Vallans. P. XVII. 1. n. in his accidence of arma-
rie] See foi. 38. a. of the firft Ed. that came out at London
in 4t0. 1568. imprynted in Fleteftrete within Temple Barre
at the fegne of the hand andflarre by Rychard Tottel. Ibid.
1. 30. EoJa] Sic refcripfi. Antea, Ocfa. Vide Galfridum Ma-
numethenfem, p. 63. Heidelb. mdlxxxvii. foi. P. XVIII. 1.. 31.
as Leland reporteth] in his Commentaries upon the Cygnea
Cantio, voc. Hvndesdena. P. XIX. 1. 12. Edvardus
anno 9. he.]- Verba ifta Henrici Huntingdonenfis e Codice ve-
teri, calamo exarato, penes Joan'nem Sioveum, aliumve quem-
piam antiquarium, ni fa]lor,-defcripfitauc~t.or. Nondurn prodi-
erat rerum Anglicarum fcriptorum poft Bedam editio S'avi-
liana. Haec lucem adfpexit Francofurti, typis Wechelianis
excufa, anno mdci. ubi tamen locus hicce 'Huntingdonenfis
(qui pag. 353. 1. 7. occurrit) hunc in modurrt concipitur :
Edwardus rex anno 9. regni confer uxit Hereford i am cajlrum
n-n immenfum fed pulcherrimum inter Beneficiam, & Mirieram,
fcf Lvtye flumina non profunda fed clariffima. P. XXI. 1. 21.
And firft I will Jhew you &c] So I have corrected this Place.
Before it was read thus : And for fo much as the caufe for
which the Jhips went thither, and what they did there', then
will I he. P. XXIV. 1. 6. as Huntington « faith] Pag. 351.
1. 33. apud fcriptores poll Bedam ab illuftriflimo Savilio edi-
tos. Ibid. 1. uit. craers] Vide Skinneri Etymologicam
Expofitionem vocum antiquarum & obfoletarum, fub hac
voce. P. XXV. 1. 8. where that they might ride] Legend, vel,
whereat tbey might ride, vel, omiflb that, where they might
ride. Ibid.l. 21. whereof Leland in his commentaries maketh
mention ? So I think 'tis to be pointed with an Interroga
tion, and not, as in the firft Edition, with a Comma, after
mention. It muft be noted that John Stowe calls Mr. Le
land's Itinerary (of which Work a vaft deal, and, I am afraid,
much the better Part, is now quite loft) by the Name of
Commentaries of England. But Mr. Vallans (who was well
acquainted with Stowe) does not mean Mr. Leland's Itine
rary,^ but his Commentaries upon the Cygnea Cantio, where
he difcourfes of the old Verolamium, call'd by the Saxons
Werlarncefter. Ibid. 1. 25. as of Andres Chefter] I have added
the Word of, which was before wanting. Ibid. I. 26. Ithan-
thejler] Vide Camdeni Brit. p. 320. Ed. mdcvii. P. XXVI.
1.6. ,3 633. yeares fence.] Hence it appeareth that this Letter was
Written in the year 1575.

writeth. /3 663. E Ccdice

XXIX

E Codice MS. membraneo penes Antiquitatum nof-
trarum egregium cultorem atque confervatorem
Thomam Rawlinsonvm, Arm. Medii Templi
Londini Socium.
Here fueth the propertees ef the Shyres of Engelond.
The propyrte of every fhyre
I fhal you telle, and ye will here.
Herefordjhire fheeld and fpere :
Worfeterjhire wryngpere.
Glouceterjhire fho and nayle :
Bryflowe fhippe and fayle.
Oxenfordjhire gyrde the mare :
Warwykfeire bynde bere.
London refortere :
Sowtherey gret bragere.
Efex ful of good hofwyfes :
Middlefex ful of « ftryves.
Kent/hire hoot as fyre :
Sowfeis ful of dyrt and myre.
Hertfordjhire ful of wode:
Huntyngdonjhire corn ful goode.
Bedford/hire is nought to lakke :
Bokynghamfeire - is his maakke.
Northamptonjhire fful of love
Benethe the gyrdyll and noth above,
Lancaftrejhire fayre archere :
Che/lrejhire /3 Thwakkere.
Northumbrelond hafty and hoot:
Wejlmerlond y tprut Scotte.
Yorkjhire ful of £ Kynghtys :
Lyncolnjhire men ful of myghtys.

as So in the MS. not ftoynes, as I find it written in a loofe leaf
of Paper, (lying in the Book) containing a modern Tranfcript of
thefe Verfes. /3 So in the MS. not The Jakker, as in the faid
Tranfcript. y Sic. I Sic. Cam-

XXX

Cambrygejhire ful of pykes :
Halond ful of grete dykes.
Northfolk ful of wyles :
Southfolk ful of ftyles.
I am of Shropjhire my fhines be 'fharpe:
hey wode to the fyre, and dreffe me my harpe.
Notynghamfeir^ ful of hogges,:,
Derby/hire ful of dogges.
Leyceterjhire ful of benys :
Stafjordjhire ful of quenys.
« Witkfhir*. fayre and playns ;
Barkjhire fyll the wayne.
Hampftire drye, and wete :
Somerfetjhir.e good for whete.
Devenjhire myghty and ftronge :
Dorfetejhire wil have no wronge.
fi Pynnokjhire is not to prayfe :
A man may go it in to dayes,
Cornewayle y ful of tynne :
Walys full of goote and kene.
That Lord that for us all dyde dye
Save all thefe fhires. Amen 0s fay we.

E fchedula quadam ab amiciflimo pariter atque integerrimo
Viro Thoma Ward, A. Mi & Collegii Orielensis
focio, mecum communicata.
Out of an old Roll for. praying for the Soul of Dame Lucy De
Ver Foundrefs of Hengham Priory in Eflex, An. 2. Ric. I.
Titulus. Ecclefia S". Petri s Weftmonajlern. — Anima
Dominas Lucia Prioriffse de Hengeham, & anima; omnium
fidelium defunclorum, per Dei mifericordiam, requiefcant
in pace. Amen.
Concedimus ei commune beneficium Ecclefiae noftrae.
Oravimus pro veftris, orate pro noftris.
iO^ The faid Dame Lucy de Vere, who was the Wife of
Alberic de Vere (Earl of Oxford,) was the firft Priorefs

«e Sic. /3 Part of Gloticefterfeire, I think, y So in the MS. not
is, Jul/, as in the faid Tranfcript. J It Jho'uld be rather I in the Sin
gular, t Sic in fchedula. Of

of this Place, and tho' the Priory was really built by HfeV
Husband, yet fhe was ftyPd Foundress' not only upon account
of her Relation to him, but becaufe Jhfr ^j him
much in carrymg on the Foundation. She provM an excel
lent Governefs, and. Was eminent for her great Judgment
and Prudence; and as fhegain'd upon the Anions of thofe
that were more immediately under her care, fo by her find*
Devotion, exemplary Fiety, wonderful Chaftity, *nd' her
large Benefactions and Contribution?. to divers other Places
fhe obtain* the genial Character of' a truly vlf tuous, good
Woman, and for that reafon upon her Death fne was men
tion dm. the Prayers hot only of the ChurCh Of Weftminfier
but : of above : fifty other Churches, ai. appears from the /aid'
RolI,WJiereMr. WARbobferves the feme. Words repeated
above fifty times', but Contfarttly written in a different Hand '
Every one of thefe Churches flriv'd to outdo each other in
fhewing the Refpeft they had to the memory of this Lady,
which made fome of them write Verfes upon the occafion, fe
veral of which occur in the faid Roll, and are fubjoyn'd
to the abovemention'd Certificate of their Declaration in her
behalf. For to one Copy are added t
Hac virgo vita minus fuper aflra loc C
Et flc Luciae Lux fine fined \ atur'
Tranfiit ad fuperos venerabilis hac moni C ..
Vix fuccedet ei virtutum munere t \ "'
To another: Ad Lucem Luct*- venit 'fine fitte man C
Etfec quern coluiiP^mvtfet'Qmnipvile"Um'
Lua Luciae price Litx mediante Marise
Luceat aterna, quia floruit tit. rofa vema.
To another:
Tres tibi gemm C 7 lucent tucia Cor C
Infuper aur \ ma f die -Ma qua rati \ ont'
Mater virgo t C 7 Mtrtir fuit. ergo * luv C
Cernat ad ex \ amen \ diftricTi Judicis \ amen-
To another :
Subveniant anima Luciae calica quaque,
Ad quorum laudes fi daptilis urna fuit.
To another :
Scandat ad qftra poll virgo Lucia beata,
Qua Chriflo foli fuit in terris famulata.

*m!C '" fchedu,a- £eP0I":nd. forfan, lev am en. (3 Lege,
To

/>.¦

XXXII To another :
Verax vita via te ditet Luce Lucia
In cceli propria cum virgine matre Maria.
To another: Mors rapit omnia, funt quiafempnia terrea qua que.
Nuda tuguria celja palatia mors unit aque.
This Priory being dedicated to the B. Virgin Mary, and the
Boly Crofs, for that reafon upon the Roll is painted the Vir-,
gin Mary, and over her :
Stella Maris, candoris ebur, fpeculum paradyfi,
Fans venia, vita janua, virgo vale.
And for the fame reafon a large Crofs is painted upon the
fame Roll, and above it :
Crux bona, Crux d\ ¦ 1 Lignum fuper omnia It •
Me tibi conf \ ° J redimens a pejle mal \ °

THE

[ I ]
THE
ITINERARY O F
7 0 HN L ELAND
The A N T I Q_U A R Y,
Vol. V.
$0* The Number of Folios anfwering the Original
is put in the Margin.

« vi N°. D. fi 125 1 °. confummata eft ecclefea cum dor- Foi, 2*
/*L mitorio, clauftro & refeftorio : expenfis in opera- Hayles Ab-
/ Wi tionibus oilo marcarummillibus. aye"
/ m Pinoke Welle a Mile „. , „r ¦ . ., c
M Bl. c ur 1 r -i Pinoke Wel is countid or
^^ -~^^ from Hayles in radictbus r c c ^ c ^ a.
, „ , , xt- , ir-ii .. r> lum for one of the fartheit
de Coteswolde to Nanton Village, to Bur- q{ Tamife jfeddes
*«», and fumwhat beneth Burton cummith '
into hit a Water rifing at Kenfdale in Cotefwald, and thens to
Hinchwike, wherabowt yt rennith undre the Grounde j thens
to Swelle Village by Stow ; from Swelle to Slawghtert and fo
into Burton Water.
Ther cummith a Water from the Partes of Rolriche, and
fo down not far from Cheping Northton to Bruern, as I fup-
pofe. Gumming from Chiping Norton to Stow in the Wold abowt

k The firft Leaf is wanting not only in the Original, but like-
wife in Stowe and Burton. fi 1251. 35. H. 8. [lege H. 3.] con
fummata eft B.
Vol. 5. C the

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
the middle way is Adelfthorp and Horje Bridge by wher is a
limes betwixt 
Market Townes in the Woldeof Gloceftrefhire.
Stow in the Wolde v. Miles from Chipping *s Northton, and
vii. or viu. from Heyles".
Camden a fi vii. Northweft from Stow.
Northlache a vii; Miles from Stow [Towne] Southwell'
from Stow almoft in the Waye from Stow to Ciceftre.
Ciceftre.
Tetbiri.
yChe/tnam a Market Toun in the Vale [v. J Miles from
Hayles Abbaye.
Gloceftre flandith On a Brooke that goith into Severne.
Fairford, wher Mr. Tame dwellith, a vii. Miles from-
SNortblage. Ofwaldus primum injlituit Canonicos feculares apud Perfore.
Pojlea fuit ibidem chorus monachorum.
Rurfus Canonici inducli.
Pojlea monachi ^rEdgarum.
Elferus abftulit pradia monachis.
Odda comes ejus filius rejlituii.
Monafeerium conftagravit & a monachis defertum eft.
Monachi Weflmonafterienfes pradia ufurpabant.
Wada comes attulit relliquias S. Edburgse, &f per Ofwaldum
epifcopum Fulbrightus abbas induclus.
Olney, alias Alney, about Deorhirft in Glocefter-Jhire. Deor-
hurjl yet remainith in Glocefere-Jhire as a Celle to Twekesbiri.
0
Scargate about Severn fide repaired by Ethelfleda.
Al the way that I rode betwixt Heyles and Perjhore was
meately here and ther wooddid. But from Perfore to Wice-
Jlre, and thens almoft to lembyri, was better wodid, and yet
in Vales and Sides of Hilles good Plenty of Corne. And as .
for good Medows and Paftures in Wicejlre lakketh noone.
A ii. Myles a this fide Montgomeri in the Way thens to
Bisjhoppes Caftel is a River cumming owt of the vicine Hilles,
and is caullid Taidbrooke. It rifit owt of an Hille Side within
a Mile of Bisjhops Toune, and goith into Kemlet in the Vale
by Montgomery.

a Norton a 7. or 8. Miles to Herle B. fi Mr. Stowe adds
Miles, y Cheltnom St. $ Northton B^
Mar-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. >
Martine Poole, meately large and plentiful of Fifths, is in Mardine,
a faire Valle, and is iii. Miles from Montgomery, and ii.
Myles from Chirberi Priori lately fuppreflid.
In the midde way betWyxt Bijhops Town and Montgomery
is a prety Rille ther devidinge Cau[rfland, a notable Part
oiShropJhire from Chirbirhe Hunderithe. This Caurfeand, fum-
tyrne longinge to the Duke of Buckyngham, croketh marvel-
oufly about the uppar Parts of Shrope-Jhire.]
Offa's Dike apperith manifeftly by the fpace ofa ii. Miles Foi. 3.'
almoft in the midde way betwixt Bisjhops Caftelle and Montgo
mery, and ther it is in x one not very far from the Mote on
a HilleToppe as a limes betwixt Caufeland Lordfhip, or Mont-
gomeri, and Herfordjhire, and again not far touchith a litle
in Shirbyri Hunderith, and againe paflith a litle by Caurfeland.
I hard alfo at 'Montgomery that Offa's Dike apperith futn-
what about Radenor, and againe within a iii. Myles of Of-
wejlre. Cumming from Bisjhops Caftelle to Clunne Lordfhippe cum- J^/^f
meth doune a greate Woode grouing on a Hille, and under ciun.
the Hille within a Mile and a half of Bisjhoppes Towne is a
Riveret caullid Onke, and rennith by this Wooddy Hille, and
a Quarter of a Mile a. this fide from * Clunne fi Caftelle Clunne
rifith  and at y Lenterdine
cummith into Teme.
Bytwixt Clunne and Knighton is a River caulid Cluideford,,
that after a fmaulle Courfe of running cummeth into Teme.
Teme River at Knightton devideth there Melennith from
Clunne Lordfhippe.
Knighton, as I remembre, ftandith bytwixt ii. Rivers.
Teme cumming down from Knightpn.
Teme rifith in Melennith Hilles a v. or vi. Miles from
Knighton, halfe a Mile above a Chapel caullid, as I remem
bre, Boftel.
About half way bytwixt Knighton and New Radenor cum- trdnah.
¦mith Lugge owt of Melennith, and fo doune to Prejleine &Kl'i&htm"

« Punfta quatuor pojl one in B. Jed ut nos edidimus in Aut: iff
Stoveo, fi Caftell cummithe/ into Clune. Clunne rifethe . .
, '  and at £3V. Stome. y Tender-
'dine B,

J Clunne Caftel cummith into Clunne. Clunne rifith.
e 2 good

file.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
good Market Town therabout deviding the Lordfhip of Pre"
Jlein longging to the King, and Lug Harneis Lordfhip longg
ing to the Baron of Burforde.
lSupk-Ci- <*. Stepton-Caftelle [on] Lug in Lug Harneis [longynge to
the Baron of fi Burford.]
At Preftein Towne and Market moft Part of the Cunteri
of Melennithe fetche their Corne.
Preftein in Walfehe is caullid y LLanandrew.
The Walfehe Poole, a Market Toune, taketh Name of a
Poole therby, meatly large and plentiful of Fifche.
Moptgomerike * deflorifchid by Owen Glindour.
Radenor partely deftioied by Owen Glindour, and the Voice
is there that after he wonne the Caftel he tooke a iii. fcore
men that had the Garde of the Caftel, and caufid them to ,
be heddid on the Brinke of the Caftel Yarde, and that
fins a certen Bloodeworth growith ther wher the Bloode was
fhedde. Ther is a Chapel at Radenor befide the Paroch Chirche in
the Chirch Yarde.
Radenor Wolle ys 3 much praifid.
The Valey about Radenor is veri plentiful of Corne and
Greffe, and the Valey ftreccith up one way to Limftre.
Limftre of fum is caullid in, Walfehe, LLinlini, oi Flex or
Hempe grouing therabout. But this is falfe. For it takith
Name d leone.
The Vale of Radenor goith one way toward Cheftre, and
a nother toward Shreusbiri.
Bi Old Radenor is an Hille caullid Pencrage.
Cumming from Radenor to the Hay I lefte Old Radenor
on the lifte Hond fet 4 on an Hille a ii. Miles from New
Radenor. At Old Radenor fas fum fay) was ons a Market
kepte. Ther is yet a very fair Chirch and welle fervid.
Within a ii. Myles from Radenor I cam over a Broke
caullid Wadele that goith into Lug, and a Mile or ii. beyonde
that I lefte Huntingdon-$Caitte a Mile on the lifte Hond. It
longgid to the Duke of Bakingham.
A Mile or more beyond that I paffid at New-Chirch over
Arow that goith to Limftre.
« Stepleton-Cz&le B. fi Several Points after Burford in B.
y LLanandvaw Stowe.

Steple-Caftel. z deflorichid. 3 moch. 4 on a hille. j Caftel. Arow

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 5
Arow rifith not far from Glafcumbe, wher is a Chirche but
few Houfes. Thens a good mile it cummith to New-Chirch,
and then thorough the fair Parke of Huntingdon Caftle.
[A too Miles, or more, from New-Churche I faw pafsynge
by  Paynes .... a good Mile of on the right hand.]
« The Fery from Aufee in Gloceftrejhire to a Village on the F°>- r-
farther Ripe, of Severn, not far from S. Tereudacus Chapel yn
the mouth of Wy Ryver, is a iii. Myles over.
Venceland ys * devidid into Low, Myddle, and Hy. The prin
cipal Towne of Low Venteland is Chepftow a ii. Myles from
Severne Shoore. Sum fay that the old Name of this Towne is
Strigulia. Sum think that Strigulia fhould be fum other Place,
becaufe that the Lord Herebert writeth hymfelf Lord of Chep-
Jlow and Strigul, as of ii. diverfe Places. There appere a v. or
vi. Englijch Myles from Chepftow yn a great Wood Syde under
a Hille very notable Ruines of a Caftel cawlled Trogy, wherby
runneth a lytle Broke of the fame Name. The Name of this
Caftel fumwhat cummeth to the Name of Strigulia, but it
flandeth, as they fay x ther, in Mydde Venceland.
The Towne of Chepftow hath bene very flrongly waulled
as yet welle doth appere. The Waulles began at the Ende
of the great Bridge over Wy, and fo cam to the Caftel, the
which yet flandeth fayr and ftrong not far from the Ruin of
the Bridge. In the Caftel ys one Tower, as I hard fay,
be the Name of Longine. The Town now hath but one
Paroche Chirche. The Celle of a Blake Monke or two of
Bermiindefey by London was lately there fupprefled. A great
part of Cumpace withyn the Waulles is now converted to
litle Medowes and Gardens.
Cairguent in Bafe Venteland is fi iiii. from Chepftow in the
way to Cairlion. Yt was fumtyme a fair and a large Cyte.
The Places where the iiii. Gates was yet appere, and the
moll part of the Wal yet flandeth, but al to minifchyd and
torne. In the lower Part of the Walle toward a lytle Valey ,

* Tbe fourth Leaf is left Blank. But injlead, of that Mr.
Stowe has inferted [without any Authority from the Original) Mr.
Leland's Observations about Ludlow, which I have printed (much
more exaElly than they are reprejented by Stowe,) in foi. 178, 179.
of the fecond Part of the Fourth Vol. fi Miles addit B.

1 devided. z there. flandeth

6 .LELAND'S ITINERARY.
ftandeth yet the Ruine of a « ftronge. Within and abowt
the Waulle now be a xvi. or xvii. fmaul Howfes for Husbond-
men of a new making, and a Paroche Chirch of S. Stepbyn,
In the Towne yet appere Pavimentes <©f the old Streates, and
yn digging they finde Fundations of greate Bryfcea, ¦Tejfeilaia,
fi pavimenta, & numifmata argentea fimui & area. A great
lykelyhod ys that when Cairguent began to decay then began
Chepftow to florifch. For yt ftondeth far better as apon ,Wj
there ebbyng and floWyng by the Rage cummyng owt of Se
vern. So that to Chepftow may cum greate Shyppes.
Porteskewin, y as I lernid", is bytwixte Chepftow and Cakr
guent : Ther goith a Riveret to the Severn Se^ and ther is one
of the Limites of the Lenght of Wales. The other is Port-
Hoyger by Holihed in Anglefey.
Tyntern Abbay iii. Myles from Ghepftow abowt Wy Side
femeth to be in S1 Litle Venteland. tb
The Caftel of Calecoyd longging to the Kinge is in Baft
Venteland toward the Severn Shore not far from Mattherh.
At this Caftel, as fum fay, was King Henry the vii. begotten.
Lan Fair a Caftel yn Safe Venteland a ii. Myles almoft
North from Cairguent..
Matthern ys a preaty Pyle in Bafe Venteland longging to
the Bisfhop of Landafe.
The foyle of al Venteland is of a darke reddifche Yerth fal
of Slaty Stones, and other greater of the fame Color. The
Countery is alfo fumwhat Montayneus, and wel'le replenifhid
with Woodes, alfo very fertyle of Come, but men there ftudy
more to Paftures the which be wel inclofed.
Foi. 6. Myddle Venteland.
Sum fay that Cair Lion fhould be in Bafe Venteland, fum
fay nay. The Welfchemen fay thatCair Lion is butviii. Myles
from Chepftow. but in deade it may be counted xu. Englifl>
Myles. It ftondeth magnificently on the farther Side of
Wifehe, one of the principal Ryvers of' South-Wales. So that

a Here is a Word wanting, tho' there be no Vacancy in the Ori
ginal. But Mr. Stowe and Mr. Burton have left a fmall Span.
fi Monumenta in B. perper.am. y Dejunt B. 0s Bafe Ventland B,

I Bafe Venteland, veff|

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
verygreat Shyppes might wel cum now to the Town, as they
did in the Romaynes Tyme, but that Newport Bridge is a
Lette. * Neverthelefs bygge Botes cummeth to the Towne.
The, Ruines of the Walles of the Town yet remayne, and
alfo of the Caftel. 1
. TJ?er is opinion that the olde Romaine Chirche was abowt
Mr. * . . . . . Houfe, where I lay. There in digging
apperid certen paintinges on Stonis. '°
, There were, fowndj?1 a late by the Caftel certeyne paintid
Incruftamentes hard by the Caftel.
In, the Towne ig now but one Paroche Chirche, and that is
of S. Cadocus.
gum wokf sfoa%,Cairuske, otherwife caullid Brenbygey, fhould
be tb.e, principal fi Place" of Mydle Venteland. The Caftel
thejf.hath bene great, ftronge and fair. The Town by femeth
not to have bene of any Renown. Ther was a late an Ab-
bay of Nunnes. Cairusk ftandeth on the farther fide of Uske.
y . . . . Myles from Cair Lion.
The Ruines of Caftel Trogy within a Welfch myle of fum
part of Wyske Ryver, a vi. myles from Chepftow, and almoft
as much from Cair 'ion in the way to Monemuth.
The Caftel of t Trergr.ega ii. myles from Cair Uske in Mid
dle Venceland. Yt is * otherwife communely cawlled Lankiby.
bycawfe it is in the Paroche of S. Kiby.
Newport is in Wentlugh a Myle and more by Foote Path
from Cairlton, and ftandeth on Uske, havyng a prety ftronge
Town j hut I marked not whyther yt were waulled or no.
There is a very fair Caftel longging fumtyme to the Bukking-
hams. But this great Lordfhip, as the Walfeh-Men fay, ys
no part of the iii. Vencelandes. yet it is cawlled in Walfch
tho
t Quentluge. Wherfore yt might in Defcription be welle
yoked With Myddle Venteland. The Lordfhip of Newport be
3 likeh/hod fhould ftrech to the Ryver of Remny, limes Mor-
gania.

x This Vacancy is not fupplfd either by Stowe or Burton, fi De-
eft Stoveo. y The number of Miles is alfo wanting in Stowe and
Burton. Is Trergret St. Trergrey B. i Guentoge St.

I Never'theles, % ptherwyfe. 3 lykelyhod.
At

Foi. 8.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
At Goldclif a iii. Myles from Newport on the Severn fhore
was a Priory of Monkes ofthe French Ordre, fupprefled, and
the Landes given to Eton College.
Ragland yn ^^fe Venceland ys a very fair and a plealant
Caftel, viH. Myles from Chepftow and vii. from Burgevmey.
The Town by ys bare. Ther ly to goodly Parkes adjacent to
the Caftel. „
Lanternham Abbay of White Monkes a n. Myles from
Cair lion lately fupprefled.
The hole Lordfhip of Abregeveney maketh the Cumpace of
.Hy* Venteland. < '
Abergeveney yt felf is a faire waulled Town, meately welle
inhabited havyng  Paroch Chirch. Ther is a fair Ca
ftel. The Lord of Burgeveney ys one of the auncyenteft Ba
rons of the Reualme. Foi. 7. vacat.
Munmouth. Munwey Cambrice.
Munmouth Town ys waulled, and ftandeth yn the Diocefe
of x ' Herford betwyxt ii. Ryvers, Wy and Mone, of the
which yt1 takith Name. Of thes ii. Ryvers Wy to us ftandeth thus
lower, and Mone hyer. Muro cingitur ea parte qua fi fiumine
non defenditur, hoc eft a parte aquilonari, id eft a porta monachi-
ca, & orientali ufque ad ipfam fere ripam Vagae. Sed jam pra
fenio, muro fatifcente, pars magna prafidii collapfa eft, manen-^
tibus tamen adhuc magnis ruinis, & fojfa alta. Rurfus a
porta monachica murus ad occidentalem partem Monae flu.
protenditur. Porta in muro 4". videlicet monachica, orientalis,
Vagenfis, a Vaga fee dicla, Monenfis, a Mona flu. quia
fuper pontem per quern Mona tranfttur poftta eft. Ultra quern
pontem fuburbium eft in Dioecefe Landavenfi, ubi olim erat
y parochialis S. Thomae facra, nunc facellum tantum eidem
dicatum. In oppido parochialis ecclefia tantum una, qua contigua

x L. of Herford as betwyxt &c. fi Sic Autogr. fed flu-
minibus tantummodo in Stoveo atque Burtono. y Adde eccle
fia.

1 Herford as betwixt, 2 taketh.

LELAND'S ITINERARY. g
•ft eaenobio monachorum Benediainorum. Caftellum vetus prope
forum in colliculo fitum, ubi Henricus 5. natus eft. Saltus Da-
nubienfis fcf provincia Claudiana felo ponte Vagenfi a Mona
cppido difterminantur. Mona liberum oppidum, ditionisLu-
nenfis, nee adjacentis provincia imperiis fubjacet. Suburbia omnia
Monae, nifi ea parte qua fluminibus tutantur, altiffima fojfa
cinguntur. Troia antiquafedes Herebertorum plus minus quin-
gentis paffebus a Monas fuburbio diftat. Extra portam aquilo-
narem, i.e. monachicam, g/?Herchenfeld, i. e. Campus Eri-
naceus, regiuncula comitem Salapienfem dominum agnofcens.
Tintern coenobium Barnardinorum in u'teriori ripa Vagse
quinque pajfuum millibus diftans a Mona.
The Rokkes in North-Wales cawlled Venetia^beyns; very
hy, bare, and white, may properly be caulled in Latine
Alpes x Veneta.
The Water of Severne cumpafeth more then one half of Foi. g,
Guenteland. Wye alfo a very great and famofe ' Ryver paffeth thorough
Ventknd, and at S. Terendakes Chapel entereth ynto Severn.
Other fmawl Brokelettes in Bafe Venteland cummeth
ynto Wy.
Whisk River toucheth late per mediam fi Ventaniam, and ya
as a terminus to Breknokjhire.
y Geveny rifith  ><
Remeney is as a limes to Myddle Venteland and' Glamorgan-
Jhire. Caftelles in Monemuth Lordfhip.
Monemuth, the Kinges, fumtyme of Lancaftre Dition. Ske-
ford Caftel on the Ryver of Money a iii.
above Monemuth. White Caftel a iiii. Money River rifing in Ewef-
Myles from Monemuth, and a Myle land geteth a prety botom at
from Money River. Grefmont Caftel Trewen, a Gentilman's Place
a v. Myles from Monemuth not far a x. myles from Monemuth, &
from the Ripe of Money, ghii partes tandem non procul ab urbe fui
circa hac caftella habitant '* noxios Mo- nominis Vagam petit.
nam mittunt.
Herchinfeld is a great Lordfhip longging to the Erie of
Shrewisbiry, and lieth betwyxt Monemuth and Herford, a-

u Venecia; B. fi F. Ventam. y Sic etiam in St. fed omifet B.

I River, z nexios.
Vo1- 5- f bowt

io LELAND'S IT I N ERA RY.
bowt a ii. Myles from eche of. them. On the one fide allui-i
tur Vagaftu.
Garanftuviolus rifeth yn a Wood cawJIed tbeGregt a «vr.
from Monemuth by North- Weft, as a Husband-Man told me,
and goeth into Wye.
They cary their Prisoners ta Caftel Gode/yce fiimwhat owt
of Erchynfeld, but longging to the Erie of * Shrewsbyri.
Gentylmen cawlled Minosbegreat Pofleflbrs yn. Erchynfeld.
The Caftel of Kilpek by Hprthenfeld belongging to the-Erfe.
of Ormond.
Erchenfeld is full of Enclofures fi very of Corne and Wood.
2 Cummynge from Monemuthe y into Herford I pafled over a
large Bridge of Stone fet on iiii. Arches. This Town is
auncient, large and ftrongely walled* ajfo having, a mayne
Caftel hard by the Ripe of Wy. I take the Caftel.to be of as
great Circuite as Windefere. The, Dungyn of the Caftel is hy
and ftronge, and yn the Dyke not far from yt is a fair Spring
cawlled S. Ethelbertes Well. Withyn the. Caftel of He
reford yn digging hath ben found non gigantea., infolita tamen,
magnitudinis ofja,_ and hard hy, in. rlpa.Yagxaffidua alluviohe
apparent in ripa ejufdem magnitudinis ojfa. The Walle of the
Towne is cumpafed with- a Dike alway filled with Morifch
Water gethering and defcending onto.hyt, Certen Mylles
fervid with this Water caufeth the. Town Dikes, alway to have
Water, els.they, woldofteri be. dry. This Water reforteth to
the Botom of Wy. Ther be in the Towne iiii. Paroche
Chyrches. \) One of them is, ynthe Cathedral Chirch.] wher-
of certeyne be very fair, befide the Cathedral Chirche, the
which is of a very ffrong Building. S. Ethelbright rnartyred,,
as fum fay,, at Mar den sa". . Myles owt of the Town* v3 not
very far frpm tbe Ruines of Sutton, wher yt is fuppofed that
Off a lay, but If, think rather that is Palace was at Keniteftre,
ii was buried in the Cathedral Chirche, but fyns that the
Walfechmen deftroied the Town in King Edward \ the Canfef-

« Aide Miles cum St. £s?;B. fi Sic Aut.Jed ialbaddend, cum. St.
vel potius plentiful cum B. y To in St. iff B. ^ Thefe Words,,
that 1 have inclojed, are placed over the Line in tbe Original. % A
Myle in St. SB. £ This Mark \> is put in the Mar g. ofthe

Orig. i And was B.

I Shrevisbyri. 2 Cummyng. 3 nat very.

for's

LELAND'S ITINERARY. u
Jor's TyWe his Rttliques have nOt bene fene ther. S. Thomas
de Cantolupo Epus Herefor. lieth at this Tyme in the Chyrch
rychely fhrihed, Ther be in the Suburbes ii. Paroche
1 Chirches, aCelle of Blak Monkes longing to Glocefter Abbay,
a. utraque infvburbus
ii. Houfes of Freres Blak and Gray, Sum fay that the Town
* tooke the Name that yt hath how of ah old Forde or Paflage
over Wy, not far from the Caftel. Sum fay that yt was cawlled
Feftilege or otherwife Fernhil. and the Place wher the Cathe-* Saltm fill.
dral Chirch is now was fumtyme a Chapel of our Lady cawl- c"> as Mr-
led our Lady Chapel a/Fernlege. Taylor yw.

Abbays in Herefordfhire.
A Priory or Celle of Blak Munkes longging to the Howfe
of Glocefter in the Suburbes of Hereford.
Lynebroke a Place of Nunnes Withyn ii. Myles of Wygmore,
in the Marches betwixt Herfordjhire and Shrewisbiry-Jhire,
Wigmore a great Abbay of White Chanons within a Myle
oiWigmore Town and Caftel, in the Marche Ground toward
Sbreuisbiry-jhire. Feverlege fumtyme a Religius Howfe of Freres fupprefled
elifti, and the Landes given to Wfgmore and Lynebroke. Mor
timers Erles ofthe Marches were 3 Founders oiWygmore, Lyne-
brbok, and Feverlege.
Acombyri, a Howfe of Nunnes fi iii. from Hereford now
fupprefled. Leenmynftre a Celle to Reading y Blak Monkes on the Ryver
of Lug. vii. Myles from Hereford;
Wermefeey a Houfe of Blak Ghahons v. Myles from Herford
in a Wooddy Cuntery.
Monemuth Priory of the French Order in the Diocefe of
2 Herfordjhire fupprefled.

F«l.

x Votes fupra lin. defunt in St. In B. autem fee legimus, Black
and Grey in fuburbiis. Some faye iffV. * Mons filicis B.
/S Adde Myles cum St. & B. y Of Black B. l> After Herford-
fhif e are added in Mr. Stowe, but not in the Shire, which Words are
plac'd in the Marg. of the Original as belonging to Dour, juft as I
have publijl}'d them. But they are altogether omitted in B.

i Chirche. z toke. 4 Fowndcrs.
f 2 Dour

12 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
T , -m- r , ¦ Dour in Ewys Land a great Houfe
In the Diocefe, but not in of Wh Mon]£s { ffd, and ther.
Herfordjlnre. by ^^ a Broke £aw]]ed ^m,. ^
^ * River goith thorough al Herfordjhire, by Bradwardine
Caftel of Syr Richard Vehans, to Hereford, viii. Myles to
.£«//£ a Market Towne in Herfordjhire.
In ^ River be Umbers, otherwife Graylinges, yn Walfeh,
et as I remembre", cawllid /3 Caugin.
Lug rifith hard by Melennith, and nere a Chapel of owr
Lady of Pylale, and fo to Pre/?*/? a Market Towne a ix*
Myles, to Leonmynftre a Market Town vii. myles, 'to Mor-
deford a vii. Myles of, and fo ther ynto Wy y iii. beneth
Herford. Fromey a byg Broke, Is fumtyme raging", cummeth by
Bromyard, t as I remembre", and fo ynto Lug, and abowt yt
be very good Pafttrres.
Leonmynftre alluitur tribus ftuviolis, Lugia, £ Pinfelo, ter
tii nominis non memini. Lugia parte oppidi inferiori utrumque
infe recipit. Pinfelus paucis ab oppido pafij. millibus oritur.
Arow River goeth fumwhat nere Leonmynftre Town, but
not thorowgh yt.
Arow rifith betwyxt Eluethland and Melenithland, and thens
goeth by Old Radenor, and by Huntingdon, fumtyme aLordfh.
of the Duke of Bokingham's, and at the lafle cummeth ynto
Lug half a Myle beneth Leonmynftre.
The Ryveret that cummeth by New Radenor is cawlled
Scmergille n Oney. One told me That Oney cam 9- fumwhat * toward
Ludlo-ward. but I dowte of that. — • Syns I lernid that Oney
cam into Teme about Bromfeld a Celle by Ludlo.-r— The Dwel-

a Defunt B. fi Caytas St. y Adde Miles cum B. I Defunt St.
s Defunt B. £ Supra Pinfelo «'» Autogr. fcribitur Pinfulley, £?
Kenbroke/a^nj tertii, ab ead. m. In Stoveo autem fee legitur, Lu
gia, Pinfe Pinfulley, tertii hominis isV. Jn Burtono, Lugia, Pin-
fela, et. . . . . . . Lugia parte &c. n So alfo Mr. Stowe
writ it at firft -, but he afterwards feruck out Oney. Mr. Burton
alters it thus: is called Oney or Somergille. One tould c5V,
§- Somewhat Ludlozve-ward B-

I Ryver, x tovfar. ler$

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 13
lers of the Towne fay conftantly That Oney cummeth not by
Radenor. Of furety ii. Brokes cum by Ludlo yn Shrewisbiri-Jhire,
that is to fay Temde, and Corne. Temde cummeth ynto Severn alias 7m-
1 betwyt Powik and Wykceftre. mSs-
The Town of Ludlo is very propre, welle walled and
gated, and ftandeth every way eminent from a Botom. In
the Side of the Town as a Peace of the Enclofing of the
Walle is a fair Caftel. Withyn the Town even yn the my
dle is one Paroch Chyrch. Withowt the Waulles be aliquot
Sacella. and ii. Howfes of Freres Auguftines and Carmelites.
Among other Gates of the Town ther is Corne-Gate and
Galford-Gate. The Bisfhop of Hereforde hath a Caftel of good ftrenketh
yn the Marches towardShreuisbyri-Jhire cawlled Bisjhops Caftel,
• and ther to lieth a Town cawlled Bisjhopes Town, wher is
* Wekely a very good Market.
Foi. 11. vacat.
Abbais and Prions in South- Walis. Foi, iz.
At Chepftow a litle Priori aliquot monachorum BenedicTmo-
rum a Celle to Bermundefey at London.
Tintarne an Abbay of White Monkes on the Ripe of Wy,
about a v. Miles from Chepftow.
Jidonemouth a Priori of Blake Monkes.
Abregeveni a Priori of Blake Monkes of the French Ordre.
Hamelinus de Barham, a Norman, was Founder there. It
floode a late by the Eft Gate in the Suburbe.
Uske a Prjory of Nunnes at Cair Uske on the River fide a
flite Shot from the Caftel. It is a v. Miles upward on the
River from Cairlleon.
Grace of Dew an Abbay of White Monkes flonding in a .
Wood and having a Rille running by hit. Veri good Paf-
tures be about this Place. It flondith bytwixt Wisk and
Raglande iii. Miles from Cairwisk and iiii. from Raglande.
LLantarnam Abbay of White Monkes flonding in a Wood
iii. Miles from Cairlleon.
Wenny a iii. Miles from Cgwbridge a Celle longging to

1 betwyxt, z Wekely kept a,

Chceftrt

I4 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Ghc$n Abbayfi foundid by Syr fo. * Loudres Lord of Ogmur^
Caftel x by
Morgan an Abbay of White Monkes wher Was a veri large
and fair Chirch. It ftondith toward the St in the midde Way
almoft betwixt Cowbridge and Nztfoe.
Neth Abbay of White Monkes a Mile above Neth Town,
Handing alfo in the Ripe of Neth. It femid to me the faireft
Abbay of al Wales.
Kidwelly a Priori of Blake Monkes containing the hedde
Paroche Chirch of the Town. It is a Celle to Shirburm Ab<-
bay in z Dorfetflxre.
Cairmurdine a Priori of Blake Chanons Handing in Old
Cairmardine on the River fide.
S. Cleres vii. Miles from Cairmardine was a litle Monafteri
fuppreflid and given to Alfoulen-CoWege in Oxford.
fi Teguin ar Taue an Abbay of White Monkes a x. Miles
from Cairmerdine.
Ther was y Celle of the Order of Monkes of S, Dogmaels
in Caldey Ifland now fuppreflid.
Montainc. Penbrooke a Celle of Monkes longging to S. Albanes Mo-
naftery. At Arforde Weft a Priori of Chanons.
Pille, otherwife Pille Rofe, a Houfe of Monkes of S. Dog
maels Order, flanding in Rofe Contery iiii. Miles above Af
ford Weft apon the farther more of the Haven of Mylfird.
The Priori of Bonhomes caullid S. Dogmaels.
Foi. 13. Ther 3 is a Priori in Cairdlgan Toune, but in hit was but a
ii. Religiofe Menne Blak Monkes. It ftondith yet, and is a
Celle onto Chertefey.
LLcyr
Fanum s. $¦ nan ciere a Nunnery of White Nunnes in Cairdtgan-
jhire apon the Brook 1 of Ayron. It was a Celle of Stratflut,
and floode from Stratftere x. Miles in the Hy-Way to CairtH-
gan. The Village hard by it is caullid Talefarne Greene.

x Soin the Orig. Nor is it Jupply'd by Mr. St. Mr. B. leaves
out the word by. fi V. infra f. 23. y A Celle St. J LLanlleyr,
abjque Clere, in St. LLan Gere, or LLeire, in Bv e Aeron St.
Ayeron B.

1 Londres. 2 Doifetfhir, 3 was over It.

Strateflurt

LELAND'S ITINERARY.' r$
'Sdrat^kre an Abbay. of White Menkes on Tine.
Aber Ayron is a iii. Miles beneth LLanclero, and ther he
gojth into the Maine. Peraventuce LLeuys Morgame the
Barth was deceivid in this, taking fe for Neuport. Ayron
rifith in a Montaine by a Chapel caullid Blaine Pennial. This
Chapel longith. to LLandewibrevi, but it is in Cairdiganjhire
over Tyne a iii. or iiii. Myles from Tyne-W\$e.
Talley a Priory of- White Chanons, a iiii. Miles from Aber-
marhys, a Caftel of Sw Rhefe ap- Thomas almoft ftanding in
the midde way almoft betwixt Brekenok and Cairmardine.
x Comehere an Abbay of White Monkes ftondith betwixt e Longt-
ii. great Hilles in Melennith in a Botom wher rennith a litle comum.
Brooke. It is- a vii. Milfes from Knighton. The firft Foun
dation was made by Cadwathelan ap Madok for lx. Monkes.
No Chirch in Wales is feene of fuch Lenght as the Fundation
of walles ther begon doth fhow; but the third part of this
Worke was never finifchid. Al the Howfe was fpoilid and
defacid be Owen Glindour.
Clunnok Vaur a Monafteri fumtime of White Monkes fup
preflid many Yeres ago. But the Original of this Monafteri
was by S. Benow, oi whom mention is made in S. Wenefrides
Life. The Whit Monkes were of a newer Fundation. Gui-
thin, Uncle to one of the Princes of North-Wales, was the
firft Giver of Clunnok' Village and Place to Bennow. The
Chirch- that is now ther.with'Groffe-Ifles is almoft as bigge
as S. Davides, but- it is of a new Worke. The old Chirch
wher S. Bennow liyth is hard by the new.
This Clunnok ftondith almoft on the Shore of the Maine
Se a x. Miles above CairArvon toward the Counteri of LLine.
y. Ac the
Matravel Ca&elt in 'Poifiandi wher, as fum fai, was one of
the Princes Palaces oi Walls as for the Prince of Poifland.
J In thefe * Deyes' in- Mone wher they digge Turves be
founde greate ROotesof Trees that, ferve Men for Wood.
For after the Treeswer cut doune fogging Yerth and Moffe

« Conehere St. fi Deeft in St. & B„ y Theje two Words are
left out in Su In B. they are joyn'd with the preceding §. thus, ,of
LLine.. .... at,the  Si In the Depes B.

I depes. ever-

16 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
over-coverid them, and now the fame Yerth parid away for
Turves the old mayne Rootes appere.
Likewife at Low Water about al the fhores of both Shores
of Aberdein and * Towen Merioneth appere like Rootes of
Trees Ther is in Mone as right againe Neuen Tounne in LLiney
that is a Kenning of, a litle Ifle caullid SainSt Dunwen, a
Woman, and in this Ifle is the Chirch of S. Dunwen. This
Ifle is veri fertile of Cunnies, and hath ii. fair Welles. Ther
is now a litle Balk of Sand caft up, the wich at low Waters
prohibitith the Se to cum about.
This Ifle is a ii. Mile from Henerojfer.
Ther is by Conwey on the hither fide of Conway Water
an Arme like a Peninfeda, caullid Gogarth, ' liying againft
Preftholme, and ther be the Ruines of a Place of the Bis-
fhops of Bangor.
e
Foi. 14. Rayder the chefe Village of Melennith, and Wy River
rynneth by hit. Foi. 15. vacat.
Foi. 16. /• Commod Confild.
fi Cantred Tetingel 1 Commod Preftatum.
(. Commod y Syndela. r Clud Comm. Coleyan.
jCantreft Diffrin ¦) Comm. i> Ricihyn.
i Comm. LLamerth.
P,nfmfl -o- rComm. Eftrad.
Bernedwlade >, ^Sn \ Comm. *Huethalet.
°' (.Comm. Ifalet.
r Comm. Hueth Dulas.
Cantreft 3 Roft. ) Comm. Ifdulas.
(.Comm. Crendin.
Cantreth Ufton f £°mm- Eftradelun.
douer doe. j £omnl- g<*f «™.
(.Comm. Yael.

x Towne of Merionith B. fi Defunt omnia in B. ujque adfel.
zz. ubi de Cafte/lis in agro Caermardenfl agitur. y So alfo in Stowe.
But a Line is drawn under tbe Word in his Copy, and fome later
Hand has written Ruthlan over againft it. J- 'Tis corrected Ritihyn
/* St. t Cantreft Roft.] L, Cantreft Ros.]

1 li'yng. 2 Huetbdlet, 3 Ros. Powis

L E L A N D'S

Mone.

ITINERA R Y.
("Comm. Merforl.

17

Powis Madoc. >

Cantreft May- I
lor. J Comm. «

Powis Menon-
wyn.

Cantreft. Cantreft.Cantreft. Cantreft Al-
rofcly.
Cantrede.

tC

Comm. omm. omm.

>

Cantreft.

Cantreft.

Cantreft.
~l Cantreft Aber-
fraw.
Cantreft.

u
Unknan.
(_Comm. Mailor Sayfneg.
Comm. Trefwery.
Comm. Crohefofwold.
Comm. Trendrion.
f Comm. Vehendre.
¦j Comm. Kinlleit.
tComm. Huchraedre. Dynnael.
Edeynaun.
Glindeverdo,
f coite
¦J Comm. fi Huchcodde.
(Comm. Hifcodoe.
fCommj Hifraeder.
< Comm. Sendorc.
C Comm. LLlanherchhudul.
Comm. Meycheyn.
Comm. Eftrat Marchel. u
Comm. y Kereynaun.
5 Comm. Huchants.
( Comm. Ifhanes.
5 Comm. Keveilang
I Comm. Madoc,

>

Cantrefe.

5 3" Comm. Hurch Lywatl.
1 Cc
{
) Comm.
(Comm.

'omm. Iflywan.
Comm. Turkelin.
Comm. Talebolleen.

8 Diudaethne.
Meney.
") Cantreft Arle- ( Comm. Huchaf.
j lechwet. | Comm. Hishaf.

cone
x Unknan only in St. fi Comm. Huchcodde] L. Comm. Huch- '
aittcodoe. Huch coddcote St. y The u written over tbe Line is omitted
by it. 0s Comm. Hurch Lywan.] L. Comm. Huch Lyzuan.
i Sic in Aut. Diuerdaethne St.

Vol, 5.

g

Snawdune

i8

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Cantreft Dy- J Comm. Eydonid.
nody. ( Comm. Ardudue.
, , rComm. Eftimanueirg,
Mey-J «Tale

Snawdune

Foi.

»7*

e e
y Rung guy
a Hauren

Cairdrgeaun.

Effratewy

Cantref

J

ronith. £ , Comm. Titelebont.
rComm. Ermayn.
CantrefLLeyn. < Comm. Dhillaen.
(..* Comm. Ganelogyon,
_, . _, f Comm. Huchmeloc.
Carttref Pen- \ Comm< Hifmeloch.
lln ' Comm. Nanconoe.
^ r » CComm. Huchgurvey.
Cantref Arvon'ie Comm. Aifgurvei!
.-, r CComm. Guerchumeauc.
Cantref. ^Comm. Kery.
^ r n ir i C* Comm. Soededugre.
Cantref Mele- >Comm. Soedmiethon.
nlid- I Comm. Soedriwalt.
!Comm. Huchmenith.
Comm. His Menith.
Comm. Dyfrynfedat.
Comm. Loechifunt.
rComm.
J Comm.
£ Comm.
rComm.
J Comm.
£Comm. Pennarth.
( Comm. Malwy.
I Comm. Caer Wedraus.
J Comm. Guyhenun.
(Comm. Hifcoed.
Comm, Hyrurgyn. u
Comm. ^Perneth.
Comm. Hiskenne.

Cantref EIu-
ael.

Pen

Cantref wed ith.
Cantref.
Cantref.Cantref.

Cantref Va-
chan.

x Tale fupra Tin. omifit St. fi Comm. Aifgurvsi. J L.
Comm. Ifggurvei. y Rung goe St. £ Perneth St.

Tale
i Come Titelebont.

i Come Ganelogyon.

Eftratewy

LELAND'S ITINERARY.

19

Eftratewy <

Cantref

Cantref Vaur

Cantref Selif

1 Cantref Tal-
Breheienauc < garith

Cantref Then-
do

Deneta

Cantref Kemis
Cantref Hen-
Uin

Cantref Guen-
tha

Cantref
Cantref Penryne
Cantref Ros

r Comm. Goer.
< Comm. Kedewely.
(.Comm, Carnwatllan.
rComm. Mallaen.
Comm. Cayan,
Comm. Maenaurtheilum.
^ Comm. Ketheynangt.
x Comm. Mabelnyc.
Comm. Mabudride.
I Comm. Withigada.
( Comm. Catre felif.
( Comm. Commod.
rComm. Talgarith.
2 Comm. Eflradewy.
(Comm. Crughowel.
rComm. LLowel.
1 Comm. Tireraulf.
(Comm. Eglufchieil.
j Comm. Huchneuer.
1 Comm. Hifneuer.
C, Comm. Huchcuth.
( Comm. Hifcuth.
Coram. Deilis a Penryn.
Comm. Efcholoef. >
Comm. Talegarne.
I Comm. Aingoeth.
Comm. Plymynanges.
Comm. Elbelfre.
5 Comm. fi x LLanhudein.
I Comm. Caftel Gnys.
rComm. Coedraht.
¦j Comm. Maenaurbirt.
(Comm. Penbro.
y Comm. 3 Haueuford. luiey
Comm. Caftel J-Walwine
, Comm. Caftel Garn.

a Comm. Mabelnyc] A point is put under c in the Orig.
and e is written over by Mr Leland's own Hand. In Stowe
'tis read, Comm. Mabelnyt. fi L. Comm. LLanhuadein. y L.
Comm. Hauerford. $ Walluiey St.

x Cantref Talgarithe. z Llanhuadein.
g2

3 Haverford,

Mor-

20

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Cantref Pebidi- j Comm. Munwe.
I Comm. Penkaer.
rComm. Rhungneth a
I T! 

aug

Foi. 1 8.

Foi, 22.

Thawe.
Cantref Goru- j Comm. Mirhundrel,
enith j Comm. Rhungneth at
Avon.
x Comm. Miriarfe.
Comm. Coitif.
Comm. * [Meanorgle] O-
gor-
("Comm. Meyskyn.
Cantref Peni- J Comm. Glyn Rodeny.
than J Comm. Meanar Taluar.
(_Comm. Meanaur Ruthyn.
("Comm. Yrtheid.
Comm. Pernet.
CantrefEwein- J Comm. Edelegon.
loge Comm. Hettaaf.
Morgannog > Comm. Mennith.
^Com;n. Sengheneth huch.
SComm. Ifcoed.
Comm. Huchoed wey.
Comm. Meanar Trefcrug.
Comm. Leuynit.
r Comm. Huchcoed.
CantrePGuent i Comm. Menith.
CComm. Teirtref.
Cantref Ergyn.
Cantref Goth.
Foi. 19, 20, 21. vacant.
Markettes in Cairmardinfhire.
Cairmardine.

Cantref Guent

x Comm. Miriarfe.] So alfo in Stowe ; tho' 'tis hard to di-
flinguifh whether it be really Miriarfe or Miriarle in the

Original

I [Meanorgjlen Ogor. a Guennt.

Ca-

L EL ATSTD'S ITINERARY. 21
Caflelles in Cairmerdinfhire.
Caifmardine.New Caftel, alias bi the old Name Elmelin, almoft on the
very Banke of Tyne, but in Cair mar dinjkir, repairid Or new
buildid by Syr Rhefe ap Thomas. In this Lordfhip of Elmelin
is other litle fair Building. Ther is a litle Foreft by Elmelin,
and a Park was ther ons palid.
Clare Caftel Ruines hard by Saint Cleres Chirch vi. or vii.
Miles from Cairmairdiri.
Lhanftufan in Oflio Tevii flu.
x Lacharne in .Hoftio Taua flu. Taua a litle lower goith Tale Laug-
into Tewe. It longid fumtime to the Erie of Northumbreland.^"1^
fi Loke here about for Lanamdeueri Caftel".
For Dineuer Caftel apon Tewi on the fame fide of Tewi that
C air mar dine -jhire is. Here was fumtime a long ftreat, now
ruinus. For y Dryflin Caftel apon Tewi on the fame Ripe that Di-
ue
neuer is Is Driftloyn. Dris inexplicabilis. lloyn a Bufch".
Kerikennen a iii. Miles from Dineuer at the Roote of Blake
Montaine. Abbais and Priories in Cairmardinfhire, Foi. 23.
Cairmardin Priori of Blake Chanons. down.
1 Teguin ar Taue. Barnardines. yet ftondeth.
£ Talley Priory. White Chanons.
The Collegiate Chirch of  was tranflatid to
Abreguili for vitiating of a Maide, the Canons being killid or
fleing for hit.
Aberguili a Collegiate Chirche of xx. Prebendes or mo
longging to S. David's. And this is a Lordefhip of the
Bisfhop of S. David, lying amonge other Lordfhippes in

x Latharne B. fi Defunt B. y Druilin B. J1 Defunt St.
In B. autem Drifloine, (omijjis ue fupra Un.) Diris &c. legi-
tur. i Sic in Aut. Teguinar Tune in Stoveo ; iff Teguin or
Tawe in Burtono. At infra Teguinar Tane habet Stoveus,
csf Teguinar Taue Burtonus. Vera leclio Twy Gwin ar Taf,
/. e. Domus alba ad Taf ftumen, uti monuit Camdenus Brit.
p. 505. Cegtltn or Cane edidit Vir cruditus T. Tannerus Not.
Mon. p. 275. Vi fupra f. 12. £ Tilly B. Diffrin

?z LELAND'S ITINERARY.
a Vallis e
Diffrin Towe.
fi LLandilavar a Lordfhip of the Bisfhops of S. David »
Mile from Dinevor on the fame fide of the River that Dine-
vor is, but a Mile above it".
Rivers in Cairmardinefhire.
y Giraldus
Tewi rifith in the Montaines of Elenniih, and cumming
thens partith Cantermaur and Canternehan by Laneneri, by
I Dinevor, by Cairmardin, and by Landiftufan Caftel into
the Se. e Giraldus £ Bajfele
Taua rifith in the Montaines of Preffelen not far from
si Teguin ar Taue, by the which it cummith, and fo by S.
,Clares, and not far from * Abercorran and Talacharne it goith
into the Se. 9- 1 hard ons that it rifith in a Montaine caullid
Wrenne t Vaur" a iiii. Miles from Cairdigeon.
Cowe Riveret runneth almoft in the middel way bytwyxt
Cairmardin and S. Clares.
x. I lernid ons that Kennenn Riveret rifith in Blake Mon
taine and goith into Tewi about Denever."
Fol,24. g
Kidwely , * otherwife a Cathweli i. e. Cattileilus , quia
Cattus olim folebat ibi le£tum in quercu facere, alias legi
Cadweli. Ther is a litle Toune now but newly made'
betwene Vendraiih Vaure and Guendraith Vehan Rivers but
hard apon Vendraith Vehan. Vendraith Vaur is half a
Mile of.
Ther is betwixt New Kidwelly and the Old but a Bridgff
over litle. Wendraith. The old Toun is pretily waullid, and

x Vocem vallis, & literam e, fupra lin. omiferunt St. cif B.
fi Deeft hac Seilio in St. y Deeft Giraldus in B. l> Dive-
nor B. % Giraldus omiferunt St. fcf" B. £ Deeft Baffelle in
St. d Vide paullo fuperius. 9- Defunt ufque ad Cowe in St«
< Deeft Vaur in B. x. Deeft hac §. in St. a Sic in Aut, Cath«>
gweli St. Cathgueli B.

i Abercorran in the Margin. a otherwife wife in the Orig. hath

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
hath hard by the Waul a Caftel. The old
Town is nere al defolatid, but the Ca
ftel is meately wel kept up. It longgid
to the Duke of Lancaftre. In the new
Toune is onely a Chirch of our Ladi,
and by is the" Celle of Blake Monkes of
Shirburne. Ther the Prior is Parfon of
our Ladi Chirch.
The Caftel is veri fair and doble
waullid. x The Se flouith by Vendreth Vehan
flouith apon half a Mile above the Town
of Kidwelley.
Bothe Wendreth Vaur and Vehan goith
into the Se about a Mile beneth the
fi Toune al only a litle Nefch of Sand
deviding their Mouthes.
Ther lieth a long on eche fide of
Wendreth Vaur Pittes, wher Menne d'woe
Se Cole. &6
At LLanelthle, a Village of Kidwelli
Lordfhip, a vi. Miles from- Kidwelli, the
* Inhabitans digge Coles, elles fcant in
Kidwelly Land.
Ther be ii. Maner of thes Coles
be blowid and waterid.
Stones Coles be fumtime waterid, but never blowen.
blowing £ extinguifhit them.
So that i Vendwith Vaur Coles be Stone Coles ; LLanethle
Coles Ring Colis.
In Kidwelli is litle Wood, but in the very litle Foreft of
Kidwelli within a Mile of the Town on Vendrath Vehan.
Lochor River partith Kidwelli from Weft Gower Lande'.

*3

I faw ther iii. Gates, and
over one of them was the
Ruine of a fair Toun Haul,
and under a Prifon.
APeace ol the New Toune
was lateli burnid.
The New Toune is three
times as bigge as the old.
Sins the Haven [ofj Ven
draith Ve[han] decaied, the
New Toune is fore decaied.
Cairmardine[ha]th increfid
fins Kidweli Havin decaied;
ly ..... el, as 1 remem
bre, Alice of Lon .... wife
to one ofthe Dukes of Lan
caftre lay in the Caftel, and
did a Reparation on hit.
Reparation was done on
the Caftel againe the Cum
ming of King Henry the vii.
into Wencelande.

Ring Coles for Smith

For

* The Se flowithe by Vendreth Vehan above [f. about] halfe
a Myle above the Towne of Kidwelly St. fi Towne, and a
litle Nefch of Sande divideth their Mouthes B. y What fol
lows in the Margin is wanting in St. The broken words at the
beginning are thus fell' d up in Burton : Alices de Londres Wife
to one of ciff. J Extynguifheth the Heate St. t Vendrath Vaur
St. Vendrith Vaur B.

1 ... , t/ai I reroernjbre^ Alice, a Habitans.

Penh re

24

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Penbre a litle Lordfhip longging^to Kidwelli Lande ii. Miles
from Kidwelli by South Eft liyng.
The Foreland bytwixt the Pointes ofthe Mouthys of Ven*-
draethis is caullid Calicot, and this Part of Kidwely Land berith
tbe befl Woolle of Hye Walys.
Toward the Se Side in Kidwelli Land is good Corne.
Fol.2y. Eskenninge Commote hath no notable Caftel or goodie-
Building or Toune, and was in King x  the . . v*>
Dayes a mere Membre of Kidwelli Lordfhip, but Syr Griffin
fi Nicolas, Graundfather to " Syr Rhefe ap Thomas, did by Poure
fumwhat fever them to take Juftice at Cairmardine and nat
at Kidwelly. M
y Carnolton Commoth hath nother Caftel nor good'Tounne.
LLanelthle is in this Commote. So that yn al Kidwelly Land
be iii. Commotes, Kidwely, Eskenning and Carnolthlon.
Eskenning and Carnolthton be Names of Commotes, not
of Tounnes or Villages.
Vendraith Vaur and Vendraith Vehan rifith both in Esken
ning Commote, the lefle an eight Mi'ys * of from Kidwelli,
the other about a x. and hath but a litle Nefche of Sand be
twixt the Places wher thei go into the Se.
Vendraith Vehan in one Place cummith within iii. Miles
of ^3 Cadirmardin. Nother ofthe Vendraithes cummith to ani
notable Place but to 4 Kidwelli.
The next great Streme that cummith more Southerly into ¦
the Severn Se is Lochor, and mat I did well perceive at the
Mouth of Vendraithis . Lochor devidith Gower-Land from''
Kidwelli Lordfhip. e
The next River by Weft to Vendraithes is t Towe, that at
LLanftufan Caftel a iii. Miles of cummith into the Severn Se,

x Mr. Leland had firft written Edwarde the fourthes ; but
he afterwards ftruck out Edwarde and fourthes, which however
are retain d by Mr. Burton. Mr. Stowe has left two little
Blanks, fi The -nrname is left out in Stowe, it being difficult to
be read. But the true Name is Nicolas (tho' it feems to be
written Niadas in the Original) as appears from what he fays
below at the beginning of Foi. 28. y Carnolthlon St. }¦ Ca
dirmardin.] L. Cairmardin. 1 Toewe St. B.
1 Sir. 2 ot" fro. 3 Cairmardin. 4 Kidweli.
The,

LELAND'S ITINERARY. aJ
. The Severn Se at ful Water betith on the Point of LLan-
nufan. At low Water it is ii. good Miles of. At ful Se Taue
iemith to cumme as it were to the mouth of Towe River/
but at low Water Marke a Man may perceive how it hafteth
to the Se on the ' Sanddis hard by Towe.
LLanftufan is v. Miles from Cairmardine, and about a iiii.
Miles above LLanftufan. . On the fame Ripe is a Place or
Chf caullid Grene Caftel, wherin Shippes ufe to ly at Ancre.
bmaul Balinggers otherwife cum to Cairmardine.
Beyond LLanftephan before the Havin Mouth liith a Barre,
fo that Shippis lightteli cum not in withowt a Pilote.
Ther is in Gower-Land bytwixt Suanfey and Lochor a litle
Promontori caullid Wormes Hedde, from the wich to Caldey is
communelj caullid Sinus Tinbechicus.
From Swanfey to Kidweli a xii. Miles.
From Kidweli to Tynbighe a xvi. Miles.
Tinby ys a walled Towne hard on the Severn Se yn Pen- Foi. 26.
Irookejhire. Ther is a Sinus and a Peere made for Shyppes.
The Towne is very welthe by Marchaundyce : but yt is not
very bygge having but one Paroche Chyrche. One thinge is
to be merveled at. There is no Welle yn the Towne, as yt
is faide, wherby they be forced to fech theyr Water at S.
John's withowt the Towne.
Mainopir, i. e. Manfeo Pirrhi, is now communely cawlled
Manober a Towne of Howsbondry, the Parfonage wherof is
impropered to Chriftes College yn Cambridge. The Ruines of
Pirrhus Caftel there, many Walles yet ftandyng hole, do
openly appere. This Place is iii. Myles fro Tynby, and al
moft as muche from Pembrook, but not in the Hye-Way, for
yt ftandeth nere the Shore of the Severn Se. And agaynft
this Towne, or betwixt yt and Tinby, liyth Inifpir. i. e. In-
fula Pirrhi, alias Caldey.
A good deale upward above Milforde Hayen lyith Great
Scalmey and Lytle Scalmey, one almoft joyning to a nother,
longing booth to the King, but not inhabited propter pi-
tatas & cell inclementiam. Great Scalmey hath no Howfe in
yt, as I remembre! M. Hogan faid that therein x was a Cha

os Is fupra Un. in Aut.

1 Saudis.
VoJ« S« h pelj.

2f$ LELAND'S ITINERARY.
pel. The Fermers bring over thither Shepe and ColteS of
Horfes, the which feede very wildely therfe ; but the ColteSi
taken fro theris be larger and better fed then harted or apt for
War".
Schoukhold Ifle yoinith to Scalmey bygger Ifle then Ihe,
onli a Paffage for Shippes devidirig.them. As I remembre
1 it lyith Souther then Scalme. Thes Hies ly not far from the
Shore in the fide of the Mouth of Milleford Haven.
Beyownd Scalmey farther ynto the Elide of the '.Severn Se
lieth a great blakke and hy Rokke lyke an Ifle.
Foi. 27. GreJJe Holme is a good way into the Se, and is but fmaulle
and without Habitation.
Ramefeey Ifle conteinith iii, Iflettes-, wherof the Bisfhop of
S. Davides is Owner of the greteft, but the Cantor of S.
Davids claymith a nother of them. In them is good Feeding
for Sheepe and Horfes. And the Archidiacoh of Cairmardin
the 3.
LLanftufan Caftel arid Lordfhip by the new Adie is re-
mevid from Cairmardinfeire and adject to Penbrookejhife, by
cawfe it longid in tymes paft to the Erie of Penbr'ooke.
Foi. 18. Narbarthe a litle preati Pile of old Syr Rhefes given on to
hym by King Henri the viii. Ther
ec In the *Satute caullid is a poore Village, y Narbarth Lord-
Herberth". fhip cummeth almoft from Eft or Lower
Grifith fi Nicolas Graund- Gledy , and fo ftil bi Eft nere onto
father to Syr Rife boute it Whitland wher Taue Water devidith it
ofthe Duke of York, but after from Cairmardinfeire. By Narharth is a
lofte. litle Foreft caullid Narbartb-Fore&e.
Dueglevi Lordfhip is cbnteynid bytwixt the ii. Rivers of
Glevi. In this Lordfhip or Grounde be few or none notable
Buildinges. Ther is a litle Rille betuixt the ii. Glevis caullid
SKolIell, i. e. Cultellus.

« Thefe Words in the Margin are omitted by Mr. Stowe, Who
reads the Paffage thus : Harbarthe, a lytle preatye Pile of old
Rhefes, gyven to hym &c. fi See above at Foi. 25. Thife-
Words about Gr. Nicolas are left out by Stowe. y Harbarthe
St. fed mox infra Narbarth. } KoHelf] L. Killell.

t it livth. a Statute.

.ann-

L E L A N D'S J T I N E R A *R Y; %j
_ Lannbadeifi Lordfhip on the Eft Side * Gledi wher is a
Caftel buildid on a Kokke longging to the Bisfhop of S. Da
vid and a Village fi by
Therby is alfo a Fpreft of reddg- D,eere caullid LLoydarth.
Dewys Land, alias Pebidiauc, and Canierdewy bare pf Wood
and meafely plentiful of Barjy y Corne", and reafonably of
? al" other Corne.
Roche Caftel longging to the Lorde Ferres and old « Lan-
geville Knight of Bukinghamfeire bytwyxt Harford Weft and
S. D-avids-,
Slehyche " Commaundry of the Rodes liith apon the Eft
Glevy even adjoyning to the Weft Parte of Narbarth Lord
fhip. Haverford Weft Lordfhip fiath the Waullid Toun of Ha
verford and £ Caftel. The Water of Mylford Haven devidith
the Lordfhip from Pehbrooke. in Haverford Toun ij thre
Paroch Chirchps, one of them withowt the Toune 9- in"
Suburbe. Blak freres within the Toune. . Chanqris without
fuppreflid. Rofe Market. The Market is loft, and is now a poore Vii- * Rvwfe
lage. It is as in the midde way bitwixt * Harford Weft and Ther ''"•
Penbrok. Gualwin Caftel and Lordfhip is perteining. to Harford
Weft. It lpnggid to the Lord of Narthumbr eland and now to
Perot. Harford Lpjrdfhip is in Rofelande, and Part of Rofe .Lordfhip
occupieth fum of Pembrokejhire.
In the extreme Part of Penbrokejhire after the old Limites
is a pore Village caullid Angk touching hard apon Milford
Haven.

x Of Gledi B. fi So alfo in Stowe and Burton, without any
Point after by. y Deeft B. Is- Deeft B. s Lantevilla St.
£ A Caftle B. * Be 3. Churches, B. 9- Mr. Stowe has
left out th? word in. Mr. Burton has in the Suburbes. 1 For
Chanons without fuppreflid Mr. Stowe hath, Chanons without
the Towne. k T'hefe Words, which are plac'd in the Margin
of the Original, are left out in Stowe and Burton.

I Comaundry. 2 Arford,
h a Tq-

fc$ LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Toward this extreme Part of Pembrokfeire be the vejligid
of Marline Caftel.
Marreys a faire Place longging to the Eliottes.
Betwixt the ii. Gloves by Harford Weft is a litle Ryveret
caullid in a Wdlfeh  in Englifch Knife. One beyng
iequirid wher he lay al Night anfwerid that he lay having
a Swerd on eche fide of hym, and a Knife at his Hart, alluding
to the iii. Ryvers in the Midle of whom he lay al night,
Rowfe Lordfhip
hath Corne fufficient, and to felle to other, and- efpecially
toward Milford Haven. There is Wood alfo fi competent,
Roche Caftel withowte faile is yn Roufelande.
In Pebidiauc.
y The remayne Tokins of Cairboias Caftel Handing by
Alen Ryveret about a Quarter of a Myle lower then S. Ddvid
on the fame Ryveret.
And fum fay that there hath beene a Caftel at or aboute
Port Maur, but the Tokens be not very evidente.
There is a litle Woode at Perskilly an fr viii. from
6 bytwixt I Fifcbard and it
S. David, and moch better at * Treugarth a 4. Miles .....

There appere in dy vers Partes of Pebidiauc Hilles and Dikes
with Bulwarkes of Yerth as Campes of Men of Warre or
Clofures for Catelle.
The foile -of Pebidiauc is Stony, yet there is meatly good
Corrie. There is Plenty of Fifch bycaufe of the Crekes.
*d- 29- S. Davidifeande. u
S. David-Land beginnith at Newgalle a Crek fervid with
bak Frefche Water. There i,s a Bay afore this Creke betwixt
it and Milforde.
There be divers other litle Crekittes betwixte 3 Newgalle

x There is a vacancy alfo in Stowe awe? Burton, fi Complete
St. y Ther St. B. fr Adde Miles cum St. & B. t The
Words over the fine, and all the reft as far as S. Davidis-lande
in Foi. 29. are omitted in Stowe.

1 Fifchart. 2 Trcugarn^ 3 Newgall 6. Mile from S. David on the midde
Way betwixt Herford and S. David. This Paffage is to be inferted between of
here and a 4. Miles,

and

LELAND'S ITINERARY. tf
Smd S. David Hedde, and againe betwixte S, David and
Fifechard befide them that be written of heere.
A 4. Miles from Newgal upward on the Shore is Salvach,
otherwife x Salverach, . a fmaul Creke for Ballingars and Fif-
char Botes, and hither refortith a litle Frefch Water.
Thens to Porte Clays 3. Miles, a litle Havenlet, wither
Alen tihat rennith thorough S. David Clofe cummith.
Thifs Porte Clais » liyth a Myle South Weft from S. David.
About a Mile of is Port Maure, where
is a greate Sande with a fhorte Eftuary fi S. Stinans Chapel is a
into the Lande. _ MileStraitWeftefromS.Az-
Then to Pendewi S. David Hedde vids, and ther is the Pafs to
half a Mile. Ramefey a Myle of by Water.
To LLan y * Rean Paroche a Prebend This Chapel is betuixt Port"
3. Miles, where is a litle Creket, clais and PorthMaur".
i • S. Rcanus
To Tredene fr 2. Thens a Peace of LLanrean Paroch,Abbas'
wher the Bisfhop of S, David hath a Place, and heere is a
litle Creket,
To LLanunda Paroche about a 4. Miles having a Creke. Si cunda.
Here about is Hering Fisfhing.
Here Gueyn Riveir devidith Pebidiauc from * Fifechard in Gueyn flu,
Kemmeiftand. To 3 Fifcharde a 4. Miles. Here is ali[tle Haven, havynge-
a Re jfbrt of Shippis.
Syr John Talbot that maried Troutbeks Heire dwellith in a Foi. 30;
goodly Logge on the hy Toppe of Albrighton Parke. It is in
the very Egge of Shropjhire 3. Miles from Tunge.
1 Corbet of Morton Corbet viii. c. Marke Lande. It liith
round about the Shire. He hath a Manor by Layton Bujfard
in Bukinghamfeir.
Corbet oi Lee. 2. Miles from Caurfe Caftel of a yongger
Brother of Morton. It cam yn partely by Mariage. c. Mark
Lande. x Ita in Aut. t-f B. non Salvevach ut in St. fi This §. in
the Margin is wanting in Stowe. In Burton is read Sinaus
for Stinans. y Vean St. fed infra Rean habet. S Miles ad-
dunt St. & B. t Seme things are here wanting, and others
tranfpos'd, in Stowe. For Morton Corbet Mr. Burton'*
Tranfcript hath Norton Corbet; but in the Margin thereof Mr.
Ant. a Wood hath correcled it Morton Corbet.
I lyith. a Fifichcard, 3 FiiTchcard, Sum

3o LELAND'S ITINERARY,
Sum fay That of late dayis Qorbettes were Owners of
Caurfe Caftel.
Corbet of Langmer. 4. Miles from Shrobsbyri toward Ludlo.
Ther js a Park. xl. Ii. Lande.
Syr Rieharde Mainewering of Higthfeld. 2. Miles frpm
Whitchirch. John Dodde of Ckreky. a Mile from Hightfeld. a c. Majke.
Syr Robert Nedam oi Sbeinton. 4. c. Marke Lande.
Grofevenour of Be{eporte. 3. Miles owtpf Draiton Market.-
This Man and Grofevenour oi Eiton Bote in *sr Chejhire cam
of 2, Yongger Brethern of Grofevenour of Hqume- whos v.
Poughtters and Hei/es were^S maried.
Spakerky oi Lancaftre maried the [eldeft Daughter, and
had] the Manor of Houme.
Newport of Archhaul a Lordfhip of a c. Ii. with Park, and
hath a c. //'. Lande by. This Man, and Mitton of Cotton by
Sjirobsbyr'i had Syr John Baroues Landes yn Sbropjhir and War-
wik. Mitton had his beft Houfe y More Haulin Warwicfeire.
Leighton oi Leighton.
Leighton oi Watelesborow.
Leighton of Plafeh a Mile or 2. from AcTcn Burnel.
Leighton of Rodimer 2. Miles from Ghorleton Caftel, and
is on Roden Ryver.
Mitton caullid Lorde of Mouthey, but I trow he be ,bnt
Steward to the King there. His Houfe is at Cotton a Quarter
of a Mile owt of Shreusbyri. %. c. Mark Lande.
Trentam of Shropfeire dwellid in the Toune felf, wher his
beft Houfe was. a Man of L. Ii. Lande. Now he hath fold his
Lande in Sbropjhir, and hath boute Roceftre Pfiory in Staford-
feir on Dove.
Thames of Shreusbyri. l. Ii. Land.
Onefeoooi Onefeo xl. Ii. I_,and. 2. Miles from Shreusbyri.
Foi. 31. Oteley oi Pichefert. 4. Miles from Shrousbyri and a Mile
from Acton Burnel. a c. If. Lande.

u Chejhire] L. Gbeftre. fi After maried is ifo Ppitit in thj
Orig. .hut there is left in it a Vacancy of about 2. Lines. $fy.
Burtpn reads married to, and then puts feveral Priciks to feem
that feme Things are wanting, y Sic.

1 Cheftre,
Shi*

LELAND'S ITINERARY. $t
Siriven of Fwdifkj a Mile front ditto Burneh c. Mark

Le of Ltogmer a Fair Manor and Park, c* lu Land* a Mild
ffom Affon Burnel. He is Elder Brother to Le ihat marled
*.£tigkon's Wif of Watelborswt
.'Lrkke'n of ^Aj^ wher is a Park* 3. Miles from Bridgmth
y. c. Markes.
¦ Gateacre of Gataker. a. c. Mark Lande. 3. Mile from
*}J}ridgenorth. Wotrige of Dudmiftre of Severne Bank. c. Mark Lande*
'Haaghton oi Bticbyri. 4. Miles from Brigenortb. xl, /f.
Land. J^ag- of Caineton. c. Marki
Vernoiin of Hodehet Syr H«»rj> VwHouh Sun. 21 c. Markes'
by one of the Heire of Ludlo.
Cotton of Cotton, a L. tf. Lande.
Chorieton of jj^gi hard By Welingtim*.
Chorleton of Wombridge Uncle to ,*.»••» 4 » «

^ Foi. 32. vacat.
Englifch Maylor. lyith altogether on the South fide of Dee Foi. 33,
conteyning 3. Parodies, Oureton, Bangor VauYe, Hanmere.
The Parodies be very greate, and they have fum Chapelles.
Thefe Was a praty Pde of Caftel at Oureton yh aundent ouram
Tyme', the which'* * Was throuen ddime by the Violence of >Mad°i.
Dee Ryver chaunging his Botom. For of olde tyme Dee ran"
half a Mile from the Caftel yn a Place of the Valley caullid
Whiftan, Where how is Woode and ploughid GrOuhde right
agayfte Oureton. The Toufie of Oureton hkth hkd B urgefies,
btit TfoW there is riot 20. HoiifeB. One Parte of the Didies
and Hille of the Caftel 'yet femayhith ; the Refidewis in the
Bpttim of Dee.
The next Paroche lower on Die is Bangdr. Andyet:yn
dfceiJe Oureton is but a Membre'to:&%'i$r, and Dr. Knight
is Parfone of it, „Thisis Bangor wher the great Abbay was.
A Parte of the Paroch, that is as much as lyith beyond Dec
K I make a Mark before fhis Word, and another in the Mar
gin, becaufe 'tis fe in the Original^ the Author having deftgn'-d
to add femething, which he afterwards firgot to infertri ¦

1 '-teigtoTj, a BrigeHorfft,
on.

„ LELAND'S ITINERARY.!
cn the North fide, is yn * ' Walfehe MarhrK*nd thatis as half
the Paroche of Bangor. But the Abbay ftoode yn Yng\Jyjbe\
Mailor on the hither and fi South Side of Dee. And it Lis]
pious-hid Gro[wnd now] where the Abbay was by th[e SpaceJ
of a good Walfch Myle, * and they plough up Bones of the
f Monkes, and in Rernembraunce] were dig[gid up Pecis.of
theyr Clothes in Sepultiirs.] The Abbay ftoode in a faire;
Valley, and Dee ran by it. The Cumpace of it was as of a
waullid Toune, and yet remaynith the Name of a Gate caullid
Porth Hogan by North, and the Name of a nother caullid
Port Clays by South. Dee fyns chaunging the Botom rennith
now thoroug the mydle betwyxt thes 2. Gates, one being
a Mile dim. from the other, and yn this .Grounde be ploughid
np Foundations of fquarid Stonys, and Romayne Money' 15
founde there. lower
Beneth Bangor y ftil on the South fide of Dee Ryver is a
Paroche caullid Worthembre, frin Waleh Guothumbre", having
a faire Chirch, but as a Membre to Bangor.
Hanmere Paroche lyith South Eft on Oureton,. Bangdn, and,
Worthembre ; butfo that thefe 3. ly bitwixt it and Dee Ryver.
Market
And fum Parte of this yoinith apon « Whit-Chirche Paroche,
in Shropjhire, but in the Egge of Chefterjhire, and apon MaU
pajfe. This Hanmere is a very large Paroche, and hath a
greate deale more Riches then al the Refidew of Englifch
Maylor. In Oureton is meately good Woode, Corne and Pafture,
and ftandith fumwhat on hyer Ground then Bangor or Wor
thembre. Bangor hath goode Corne and Pafture, but litle or
no Woode, and lyith al yn 3 [Valleys, and in Worthembre no
Woode but good Corne and Pafture.]
Foi. 34;' Hanmere Paroche hath good Plenty of Wood, Corne, Me-
dow and Pafture j and by Hanmere Chirch is a greate Pole
aboute a Mile yn Lenght, and half a Myle yn Bredth. And
x Walfehe Marlor] L. Wakhe Maylor. fi Southerly Part
of Dee B. y Still lower on the Southe St. B. fr Defunt B.
« Whit-Churche Pariche a Market in shropjhire St, Whit-Cburcb
Markett a Paroch in Shropjhire B.
1 Walfehe Maylor. a and : , . tbey there ought to be a Lacuna between
thefe two words, which is fupplied by Stow and yet thy. 3 [Valleys and ia
Worthembre] po Wsoie but [good Cer»s "id Pafture] every

L E/L A -N D'S ¦ I T- 1 N E R A R Y.
every Gentilman.hath therebig fayre Pooles. There is a XL.
Gentilman yn this Paroch that have praty Landes. ' ~:
* ™« Knight hath muc'hLand.yn Hanmere, but his chefe
Howfe is yn Worthembre Paroche at a Place caulljd Emerhaule.
_ Hanmere -Kmght dweirithat Hanmer, and yh that Faroch
be fi aliquot of, the f/awj that hath Landes.
JpJ^,r#1S-k^afe Mpre: in Hanmore cawllid of fum ^'.
" D'ymok dwellith a't Hdulton.
_ Edward' Pjlffon Surine' toQ th^ Knight dwellith yh CWr**
Paroche at Coitegolle. ' -' ' ..' ' ' ¦ • •
£% ap Richard dwelHthyn #»»£«¦ at Aire on Dee South
byde, a fair Hous. ' '
'7^/? Broughton dwellith" yh Worthembre Paroche at
Broughton. - ' ' ' "
but h[ath /jtf2#,] ^SwArbetwixteitand [F/^,1 yetltlong-
lth to » Flyntejhire, [and they] cum to Seffions to j?W
Yet they have. Liberte in t[oken of] the olde Caftel to
kepe a P[rifotier] 3; Dayes'at 0««/OT, and fo to [fend hym
to tlynt.] • > • L J
Waleh Maylor
caullid yn &k&^A Bromefeld lying on the North Side of De
lower on Dee then M, and yoining hard.apon Yale. It lyith
Lft apon' i&Z?- Bridge, the which devidith "Chefterfeire from
Bromefelde. Flint 'fhir Jiyth yNdrth'on it. . DifFHn'Chtit lyith
Weft on it. And £»#/& Afci/w, alias Afcf Ar *><?, id eft
baxonica, lyith South on it. ,
Bromefeld is a playne Countery, and hath good Plenty of
Wood, arid goode Come and Failure ; and Se-Coles at Bar-
wood, and at a Place caullid the"' Mines.
The beft Woode of Bromefeld is yn Ruabon, a byggePa-
IOfik .by. Part y#ierof D« cummith. There is a good Quarre
of Gnnding-StOhys yn Ruabon Faroch.

33

* Anthony a. Wood has written Puliflon in the Margin of
Mr. Burton'* Copy. ¦ fi -'Twos- firft of all written dyversi; but
afterwards alter'd.by -Mr.. Leland's - own Hand. • Mr. Stowe,
who did not under/land Latin very well, hath made.it al not!
y More. North on it B.

I Flyntes[hire and] "cum 'to,' j
Vol. 5. i Th

34

Foi. 3J-.

LED AN D'S I T I N E R A R Y;
. The Holt is a praty fiche Walfehe Toune, gdverrtid fyk
Maire, having ons a Yere a Fair, but finely h'pw no.celebfdte
Market. Yh it is a praty Chi'fdi, and a gObdly Caftel. The
Chirch is but a Chapel to Gresforde.
¦ Gresforde is ;£s faire a Chirche & Wrexham, having a Sfeple
of -vii. fcore. Fo'ote hy, b'efide the 4. Pihmidid x * Towers.
fi This Chirch is a 2. Miles fro'in the . . . . Batik of
De . . . . cum .... litle .... Chirch
. . . n to . . , if a . . . . th ... . .
te . . . .he . . ". tto . . . . ahde'.
Wrexham, treuly caullid Wrightelejham, is the onely Mar
ket Towne of Walfch Maylor, Having a goodly Chirch Colfc-
gjate, as one of the faireft oi all North-Wales, ahd is a 2.
Miles above the Holt on the fame North Side of the Ryver.
There longgith no Prebendes to it, though it be collegra'tid.
There be fum Marchaiihtes and good Bokeler Makers.
There cummith a Broke camlid y Venur'o thorough the
Toune;, Wrexham is 3. Miles North from De Ryver. Ther
be 2. other Parodies [fr Bromefeld, arid fo in all 4.] ;
Waters in Bromefeld.
Be-AlenARuededoc, Broke, having good, Trouttes^ cummith in one
Place withyn a Quarter of a Myle pi Wrexham, and gpith ,
* ynto Dee a Mile above the Hqlte, Caftel
Abort that cummith by Ruabon Chirch Waul, and after rai
ning. kfje; then a Myle goith into Dee.
Pyllefton 1 the Knight hath a faire Maner yn Gresforde Pa
roch at LLay by marying an Heyre Doughter to one of the
Hanmere. ' .
John. Fyffin'3 dwellith yn Ruabon.
John Pyllefton Sergeant at Armes hath a Manor and Place
withyn half a Myle of Wrexham at Marfcbe.

x Towers] L. Tower, fi Thefe broken Words' are wanting in
St. and fe are moft of them in B. y WenbtoSt. fr L. in
Bromefeld.

l Tower. 2 ynto De. 3 dwellid, tak

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 35
Yale Lordfhip
ypinith to Bromefeld upon the farther fide of De Ryver, and
there is no Parte of it on the hither Side of Dee. There is
in it a 4. or 5. Paroches, wherof the mofte famofe is LLan-
armon, i. e. fanum Germani, and LLan Tegla, i. e. fanum
Tecltg. Greate Pilgremage and Offering was a late to S. Armon.
LLanegwhifte, alias Vallis Crucis, ys yn Yale half a Myle
from Dee Ripe. ,
Dinqs Br.ane Caftel pn a Rflkky Hille ftondith almoft as
neere as Vallis Crucis to L\e$ Ripe, and going up on De Water
is fumwhat lpwer then the Abbay.
Owen Glindour had; a Place yn Yale appn the North Side
of De caullid Ragarth v. Mile above Dinas Brane.
Almoft in the midle Way, betwixte LLaneg Whift and
Rithyn appere veftigiq of a Caftel of Qwen Glindour (as it is
faide) caullid Keuen De, i. e. the Ba.ike of the Blake Hille,
wher now Shepardes kepe Shepe.
Chirk and Chirkland lye by South on De agayne Yq(e. fo
that De for a fpace devidith Yale and Chirke. '
Tbe hoje Soile of Yale is rokky, and by that not thoroughly
fruteful of Corne, yetyn diverfe 1 Placeis and Valley is betwixt
Hilles is meately good Corne, Medow and Pafture, and efpe-
cially for Corne a.bpute LLaneghwifte, and LLanarmon.
In Yale ys Plenty of Kyne, Shepe and Gotes.
John LLued dwellith in LLan Teglas Paroche.
Edwarde LLued yn LLanarmon.
There is meately good Wood yn the Valley Places of Yale,
and efpecially at LLaneg Whift, alias Vallis Crucis. The
Montaynis of Yale ftanding North be baren of Wood. The
People there for the more part a bren Turffis.
De Ryver cummith by the Side of Yale as limes betwixt it Foi. 36.
and Chirk.
The greateft Water befide De that is yn any Parte oiYale
is Alen that rifith in LLin Alen. This Alen rennith doune
from Wefle to Eft firfle to LLantegla, to LLanarmon, to
LLanuerrys yn Yale, thens into Molefdale Lordfhip, at a
Place wherof1 caullid Hefpalen it rennith into the Grounde by
the Space of a Quarter of a My'e> and there is a Marche be-
jtwixt Moledale and Flynte. and after rifing departith ftille
by v. Walfehe Miles in Cumpafe Molefdalf frpm Flyntjhire.

Placis. 7. hrenne. i 2 Thenfe

36 LELAND'S ITINERARY,
Thenfe thorough Hope' Dale, a Lordfhip perteining to Flynt.
Thens ynto Bromefeld, alias Mai lor Camrege, and half a Mile
beneth Holt-Bridg into De. '¦ This Water hath mefyelus
good and gfe'ate Trouttes.
'v Chirhwad'Chirkelande.
Chirke and Chirkelande lyith pn the hither Side by South of
De agaynfle Yale, and Wefte of it upper on De hither Ripe
lyith a Comihothe of Merionithjhir caullid x ,. Dernion, and
plaine South of this Chirke in fum Place touchith Pays Lande-.
There is never a Market Touh in this Lordfhip. At Chirk
felf be a few Hbufes, and there is on a fmaul Hille a mighty
large and ftronge Caftel with dyvers Towers, a late welle
repayred by Syr Wylliam Standeley; the Yerle of Darby's Bro
ther. There- hath beene 2. Parkes. One yet remaynith caullid
Blake Park. Keriog Ryveret cummith on the South fide of
Chirk Caftel. De Ryver is withyn a Myle of the North
fide of it.
The mofte * Part of Chirk and Chirkeland on the South to
ward Poys Lande is great Plenty of mervelus good Woodde,
and thorough reafonable Wood. Moch of the Lordfhip ys
Hylly, but yn Valleys by De and Keriog good Corne and
Meddw, and in fum other Places.'
This Lordefhip or Lordfhips in Walfch is caullid Guaine, and
is devidid into Low and Hy Guayne,
jol, 2j. fi Gehtilmen of Chirke.
Trevor dwelling in Chirk Paroche at y Place'1 Newith.
Edwards Sunne dwelling not far from Chirk Caftel.

d
Molefdale y>z Walfch caullid frStretalen.
In Molefdale is but one greate Paroche caullid Ploube 1 Pa-
x Dsrmion St. fi Defunt in St. ufque ad Molefdale yn
Walfch I3t. y Deeft B. fr Stredalen St. Stretiden B.
1 Deeft B. 1 Parte, roche"

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 37
roche" Wriothegrig of fum communely Molefdale. there Ipnge
;3'. ' Chapelles onto it. Sum fay that
Molefdale was ons a Market Toune. « There be 2. Fayresyet
Yet it hath the Name of a Maire, and kept at Molefdale', but the
a greate Numbre of Houfes be withowt Wekely Market is decayed".
token almoft deftroyed, and there hath
beene 2. Streates, as Streate Byle, and Streate Dadlede in
Walfch, in Englifch the Court Houfe Streate, byfide other litle
Lanes. Now in al be fcant 40. Houfes. At the North Ende
oi Byle Streate . appere Diches and Hilles yn tokyn of ah
auncient Caftel or Buildinge there. It is now caullid
fi Mont Brenebyly, and on the Side of it is a fayre Springe.
Alen Ryver cummith withyn a Bou Shot of Molefdale Chirche.
Ahd at the Southe Ende of the Towne is a Rylle caullid
y Houne, and fone after rennith into Alen.
fr Robert Edwardes a Gentylman dwellith at 
on the Side of Alen yn Molefdale, having Plenty of Wood
and goodly Medow by Alen fide. The Wood thens is ca
ried to Cheftre a vi. Miles of.
Mofte Parte of the Paroch is meately level Grounde, hav
ing befide other Thinges very good Corne. And there be Cole
Pittes a 3. Quarters of a Mile from Molefdale Toune.
lAngl. Ellys
' Ithel Griffith dwellith on the North Side, fcant a Quarter a Grove
Of a Mile from Molefdale Toune £ at a Place caullid LLoen
Egrine. John Wenne ap Roberte dwellid at a Stone Touer caullid
Broncoit, alias Regnaultes Towre, 3. Quarters of a Mile from
Molefdale Toune. Ther cummith a litle Ryllet by this Square
Toure caullid  and a Quarter of a Myle be
neth the Tour goith into Alen defcending from Weft to
Efte.

x Defunt St. fi Mount Brenlebyly St. More Brenbilie B.
y Hounte St. fr Several things are here wanting in Stowe.
t Ellis Griffith tantummodo in B. £ Defunt in B. ufque ad
Ther cummith a litle Ryllet &c.

Angl. Elys
I Ithel Grifith.

There

2? LELANP'S ITINERARY.-
There is a nother Water in Molefr
Terrig Ryver cummith dale caullid Avon Terrig almoft as byg
thorough a Peace of Yale or as Alen. Yet goyng" from Weft, £o
it cum, into Molefdale. l^orth-Eft it goith' ynto Alen.
So that by Sprifigges and Rylles tb.^
fi There be other fmaulle Paroch beyng y'fi Le'ngbt a v, Mylf? ijS
Ryllettys yn Mole/dale' . x wel fervid' of Water and of fjyycrs
other good * thynges.
Molefdale lyith y North qn Hopefdale, and 2^ lyeth Weft
on it. Flyntjhire lyith North on it, and -dM/?? by Eft.
Foi. 3& -Hi^, alias §)uene Hope, Lordftnp* longging chefely fo. the
King. It conteynith but one Paroche. The Ground ys rfilly.
In the Valleys is mfalely gopd Corne.. Alen Ryver cuin-
fnitbe thorough it. In it be alfo other obfcure Rylles. The
Toune of Hope now decayid was fumtime burgefid and pri-
vilegid, and is caullid yn Walfch Cairgorles. Ther ftonde yet
greate Walles of a Caftel fet on fr Hylle, wher be diggitj good
'Mil'le Stohis of a blew Girthe.
Qfweftre xii. Miles North Weft from Sbrobbesbyri.
It is from Trafton, alias the Walfehe Pole, xjjr jfeliles,
From Wrexejham x. Miles,
From Whife-Chirch in Shrobbesjbire xii. Miles,
From Ofweftre to Wrexham x. Miles, and tbens the Hy-
Way to Chefter vnr. Miles.
From Ruthine xv. Mile, and fo to Denbigh v. Mile.
From Flynt Caftelle xx. Miles.
From Ellefenere, wher was a Caftelle, and very faire Pofis
yet be. Ellefenere hath a 4. Streates of meately good Budd
ing, privilegid with ii. Faires, but no cummun Market now,
Foi. 39. The Site of * Croixojwalde is on a Plain in a Valley xii.
long Miles by Champain having aimoft no Wood North-
Wefte from Shreusbyri.
The 3 Cumpace ofthe Towne withyn the Waulle is aboute
a Mile.

« Well ferved, as alfoe with Wood, and divers other gopd -
Thinges B. fi Defunf B. y South B. fr An Hille 5.

1 Thinges. 2 Croixofuualde. 3 Compace, There

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 39
.... - J?.ortenewith'L
Tjiere be. 4.. Gates, the x New 'Gate fey §6uth.
The Blake Gate, alias Portdee. by South Eft: toward to
¦ The 3. Beteriche 'Gate, uhde tB :vici * -Shrobsbyri.
nom'en fi qa ducit in urbem. North Eft toward Chefter.
u
J, The 4. y Wylliho Gate, alias Mon- NbrthWeft toward theMon-
iaih trat'e, quia per earn ad vicirios mon- taine of Penllin in Merion-
tes itur quarta milUarii parte diftantes. neth.
There be rib Towers in the Waulles befide the Gates.
The Tourihe is dikid about and Brokettes ren ynto it.
The Chirch of S. VJwa'lde is a very faire leddid Chirch
With a great tourrld Steple, but it ftandith without the New-
Gate ; To that ho Chirch is there withyn the Towne. This
Chirche was fumtime a -Monafterie, caullid the White Minfler,
After tumid to a Faroche Chirch, and the Ferfonage im
propriate 'to the Abbay of Shreusbyri. The Cloifter ftoode
in hominum memori'a ubi monumenia monachorum. The Place
and Streate wer the Chirch ftanditheis caullid Streitfan.
There be Chapelles clene without the Suburbes. One
betwixt Strati tdh ,'ahd Porth de. Thefe- c „«_„. „ <v „, . -»
cund without the Tame Suburbe within ^ff j^f!' *W
wfthyn the Towne a x. notable Streates.
The 3. rrib'fte notable Streates be : The Croffe * Streate, ubi
Crux lapidea. The Bayly Streate, ubi forum maximum &
merofttores. The fi, the New-Gate J Streate.
The Houfes withyn the Towne of Tlie "Bouthilqutle of Domus-
Ofweftre be of Tymbre and Slatid» Tymber?afaif-Houfe, Gw«*»
There is a Bayly ana" Sergiantes. ftanclith by the Gaftel.
Ther Is a "Caftelle fe'tte on a Mont be MadocuSj/WrW Meredoci,
likelihod made by hand and dichid by Princeps^b^meicSftmm^ut ai-
South Weft betwixt Beterice Gate and ifnt^pofeiit. <'!E)$tatiurris:inCa-
Williho Gate, to the wich the lown ftroHofitiheMiiSoci.Et ibidem
Waul cummith* ; , camera Wichardi 7..regis,eon-
The Towne "ftandith molt by Sa'lepf ftrucla poft ccedemArundovalii
Cloth made in Wales. Jpffa*majeftatisctindemnati.
i Portnewith fo'lummodo in St. In B. dutem fee legitur: The
New-Gate, Port Newith by South, the Blacke Gate tec. "fi Qua
in B. y Wullihofr. fcf B.  
1 Shrobbyry. a Stmt vbi Cura, 3 Strtat, 4 M»giitatjs. There

4®

L E L A N D'S ITINERARY.
There is a Fre Schole oh the SoiM "Weft Side ofthe
r i i.- r, •? Chirch made by one Davy Holbeche,.a
Sum fay that this ; David ^i^ Steward Of'the ToWn arid Lorde-
made David Yn yn London. ^ and gave x A-- Land t0 it_
Fol.40. There be 4. Suburbes. ' The greateft Wheriri. be iiii,
Streates, thus caullid, Stratellan; the'fecunde Suburbe Strete'
Wulliho ; the 3. Beteriche, wher be many Barnes for Corne
and Hay to the Number of a vii. Score feveral Barnes. The^
with other Howfes
4. Blake Gate Streate, arid ther be a xxx. Barnes for Corne
longging to the Tounesmen. There goith thorowg the
Cambr.
Avon Crois. Cros Brook.

Fair Walkes about St. Of-
waldes Welle.'
S. OfwaidesWel is a Bow

Town by the Qrolte a Broke cum
ming from a Place caullid Simons Welle^
a" Bow Shot without the Waulle by,
North-Weft. This Broke cummith "in
thorough the Waulle betwixt Wullih%
Shot from S'.Ofwaldes Chirch Gate and New-Gate, and fo renning;
in the Feldes South Weft, thorough the ToWne, «and" goith oiite
Fabulantuf 'dquilam bracbium under the Blak-Gate.
Ofwaldi a ftipite prafipuijfe,- Ther is a Brook caullid Better ich, by-
fed excidiffe ei quo loco nunc caufe it. rennith thorough a Bridglet of
Tyrnber at Beterich-Gate.
The 3. goyth under the Stone Bridges
of Wulli-fGate, New-Gate and Blake'
Gate. ' Then go they all 3. with Croffe
Broke a Mile lbWer by South Weft to
Morda Ryver.
a Hille caullid LLanvarda wher was a
Sum fay this was the Paroch Chirch

fans eft fuperftitione nuper Ce
lebris. Ther is a Chapel over
it of tymber and the Foun-
tein environid with a Stone.
Wall.

Morda rifith in
Chirch now decaid.
of Ofweftre.
The Soile about Ofweftre is playn, "except toward the
North Weft into ' Merionithjhire fruteful of Corne and Graffe.
There be Wooddes toward Whitig-
tori as in the Lpfdfhipe of fi LLoueri-
hene Dinas in Witingt6n Parke and yri!
Witington More.
The Toune or Caflelle of Hene 1)1-

LLouen a Bufch.
. Hene Dinas a Quarter of a
Mile out of Ofweftre North-
Weft.

x Deeft B. fi LLaven dene dinas B.

Merionithfliere.

mi

L E L A N D'S I T I N E R A R Y. 4*
Has ftandith apon a rounde Hillet aboute half a Mile in Cum-
pace; Ther be iii. greate Diches in the Botom of the Hil
let cumpafing it, and in the Toppe of the Hille now grow
great Treas of Oke. The commune People fay that ther was
a Cite withyn thofe Diches. I think rather a Campe of Men Hem Dka^
oi War, wheras' paventiirewas the Campe when Penda and1;6.- ""'""
OJwaldes did ¦ fight. There is a nother Hillet of cafte Yerth *"
bytwixt it and Qfwefter not far from Dinas felf.
The Town of Whitington is a gret Mile North Eft from
Hene Dinas. It is a Village in a Valley coriteining a hun-
derith Houfes, and hath a dichid round Caftelle not very
large in the midle of the Village;
There be yn Cairarvonfhire ix. Hundredes or Commotes. Foi. 411
LLechweddiffa and Creythyn: Crethin is fo much of the
Hundrede of LLechweddiffa as is on the hither fide of Con-
wey River. This Hundrede ftrecchith on the Shoie of the
fake Water to a litle above Penmain Vaure that is a 4. Miles
above Conway. Conway Toune is yn this Hundrede;
LLechwediha Hundrede goith up on the Shore onto Avon
Gegyn * beyond Penryne wher Mr. Grifith dwellith. One of
the notableft thinges in this Commote is Abreguynne Gregiri,
wher was a Maner or litle Pile of the Princes of Wales.
Ifcurvay Hundrede ftretchith from In the oldeToun of CWr Sal-
Abregyn by Shore to AvonxGwuay. In log, alias Cairfaint or Segetit,
this Hundrede is Bangor arid Cair Arvon appere 3 Partes ofthe old Caf-
and Dolebaterne Caftel. In this Hun- tel yn the old Toiine, of the
dred is token of an old Mahor Place, wiche Caftel is faullen into the
LLes yn Dynorwek wher one Syr Grifith Haven fait Water. In this
LLoid lay in King Edwarde the fi firft, Hundred in Dinas EmerySi
and bri ngging hym Tydings of the Byrth
y with Edward Cairarvon was rewardid with this Lande as
fum fay. It is yn the middle of the Hundrede.
g
fr Hughecurvay Hundered goith from above Guudy Water
onto Boulchryvel the Top of the Hille by Vortigers Valley;
Clunnok Vaur is yn this.

x Gourney B. fi Tyme addit B. y Oi for with in St.
fr Hughegcurvay St.
1 yeraventure, a btyound. 3 parte of.
Vol. 5. k The

The 3. Commotes
touching LLeene.

& LELAND'S ITINERARY.
f x Dynllayen Hundrede goith up from Botdchri*
1 vel to a litle aboye the Paroch of PenlUcht,-
Neuyne is yn this Hundrede.
Comote Mayne Hundrede fo caullid of a Hille
nam id Uwch Mennith yn LLene. Abredargn
and Berdefay fi is yn this 
. . . is the Ground to the Shore.
Al LLene is as it were a Pointe into the Se,
and yn the hole is 3. Commotes, of the which
this is the very Point into the Se.
Gaflogeon Hundrede goith from the Ende of
Uwch Mennith en Commat mayne towarde Traith-.
maur as far as Abreerche. In this Commot is
fPulthely.
Hinionith Commote ftreccbith onto Traitmaure where
Abreglafllynne devidith So that but Parte of Traithmaur is
yn it. In this is Grekith Caftel and Pooretoun.
f Foi. 42. Nant Conwey Hundrede is by the Side of Conway Ryver,
WythdmY- and goith upward to the Hed of the Ryver Weft ward. In it
rifcb Sainft. be a v> paroches, Dolewithelan, Penmachno, Bettus, LLan
u ve *
RRychwin and Treureu. Hundredes of Merionithfhire.
Ardudwy ftrecchith from half Traitmaur to Abermaw on
the Shore y xii. At the Mowth of Maw Ryver lyith a litle
Iflet fcant a Bow fhot over withowte habitation. At Ebbe
it is frefch Water aboute, and at Fludde fait.
There be dyver Rivers yn this Commot that entre the Se.
Harlanche Caftel and Market Toune yn this Hundrede.
Kemmer Abbay is yn this Hundrede.
Ther be a x. Paroches yn it.

a A great many things are bere wanting in B. fi Is in this,
the Ground &c. with a comma after this in St. In the Orig.
'tis as I have publijh'd it, only between is yn this, and is the
Ground was firft of all written, A litle fide of Crege eryre is
yn this but the great Parte is the Ground cjfY . which Mr.
Leland afterwards ftruck out himfelf. y Adde Myles cum St.

PultbdJy.

This

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 43
This Hundrede is devidid into 2. Partes, Huwch Artro and
IJfeartro of Artro River that goith into the Se about a Mile
above Harleche that is yn Iffe Artro.
Kemmer in Huwch Artro.
This Commot nor no Part of Merionitbjhire lyith in Crege
Ery. So that though this Shire be Montanius, yet is al Gre-
gery in Cairarvonjhir.
Wher this Commot is Ipngefte uplandwarde x it xvi. Miles.
Towarde the Se fide and low Partes is fumme good Come.
Meate good Plenty of Wood in this Commot.
p
fi Talebonte Hundred touchith from Abermaw a litle upon Fol-43»
the Shore. , The Refidew faving this Point is yn the upland
toward Kenil'tauc yn Poyfeande, arid there juftely marchith on
Keniliauc. It is a viii. Mile in Lenght, and vi. yn Bredth.
The beft Corne yn this is toward the Se. It hath meately
good Plenty of Wood.
tble
y Dolgellbe is the beft Village in this Commote. ,
Commote Yftymaneir ftretchith from the Pont of Talebont
to the very Mouth of Deuy. It is by the Shore a ix. or x.
Miles. It cummith by fr March in Upland to the very Bridge
of Mahenclif and it yoinith alfo on Keniliauc in Powis land.
In this Commote is Towen.
This Commote hath good Cofn'e, but meanly woddid as
towards ' Machenclpf.
Wher now the wilde Se is at the Mouth of Deuy, and <^J
farther into the Se, were ons 2. Commotes of good plenti
ful but low Grounde caullid Cantre Gwaylode, i.e. terra de-
miffa vel fubfidens planitie, now cleene eatin away.
th
Commtte £ Penlline lyith al up in the Lande, and marchith Foi. 44.
on Talebont, and Ardudwy, and Dernion Commotes of Meri
onitbjhire, and apon the Lordfhip of Mouthey yn Poifeande,
and apon Parte of Denbighland.
In this Commote is LLin Teggy the, Hed of Dee Ryver.

x Adde is cum St. fi Talepbonte St. y Dolgellhe tan-
tummodo in St. C5f B. fr March upland St. t L, Mahenclif.

< Penthlline St. B.

1 Mahenclif. k 2 Bale

44 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Bale a litle poore Market is yn this Commote withyn a
litle of the Hedde of LLinnetegy.
Much Wood yn this Commote,
Litle Corne,
Plenty of Pafture.
There be great Hilles yn this Commote.
x Mr. Griffith of Termone" .
Mouthey is now adjecr. as a nother Commote to Merionith-
fbire. fi Deyrnion Commote lyith thus on the Eft fide of y Penth-
line, and hath on the North fide Denbighland, and Yale on
the North Eft fide, and hath on the South fide Powys Lande.
Dernhn Commote the befte woddid of al Merionithjhir.
It hath yn the greate Valley by De River good Corne.
It bredith good Horfis.
#exdwr,i.e. Tn this Commote ys the Ruine of Toure,

fetus tarns.

' nomen vm

Kenuyn, now caullid Yrhendwr.
Owen Glyndour dwellid ynthis Commot. ejimus
* Catarine had Meredik. Me- LLuelin ap Irrwarth Droyndon, Prince
redik had Owen. Owen had of al Wales, had Grifith. Grifith had
Edmunde Erie of Richemonde, LLuelin. LLuelin had Catarine his
and Gafper Erie of Penbroke. Heire. Catarine had Eleanor. Eleanor
Edmunde had Henry the vit. had Helene and * Catarine. This He-
Henry was, as I hard, poft- lene was Mother to Owen Glindoure.
humus. In Cairarvonjhire in Huwhcurvay Com
mote is £ T LLin thedwarchen, n wher the Swymming Ifeand,
and ther of it hath the Name as of a fuimming Swarth of
Yerth. Foi. 45, & 46. vacant,

« Defunt St. fi Deyrmion B. y Penthfhire St. 2 Thefe
two Words above the Line are omitted in St. and B. e Drain-
don in B. abfque fimus fupra lin. £ LLen thedmarchen St.
LLin Yedwarchen B. u Adde is cum B.

1 Llin. d.varchen.
Met*

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 45
Market Townes in Cairarvonfhir. Foi. 47.
Conwey. Bangon yn Ifcurvay Hundred hath ii. ' Fayres * Yere, but
skant a Market every Weke. There rennith a litle Rylle
thorough Bangor.
Cairarvon apon the hither Side of Segent River., in Ifcur
vay Hundrede. Howfis of Religion.
Conwey Abbey.
Enifenthle.Bethkellarth.
A Priory of White Freres by Bangor dedicate to Jefu.
There were ons White Freres at Rithyn yn Diffrin Chit.
Mr. Garter told me that Gray of Rithin emong the Armes
of his Auncetor gyvith the Armes of the Lord Ruhan of Bre-
tayne in \Fraunce. Wherefore loke] wither any of the [Name]
of the Rohans were ever Lord of Ruthin, or wither it toke
Name of hym.
. . Al Cregeeryri is Foreft.
The beft Wood of Cairarvonfhir' is by GUnne Kledder,
and by Glin LLughy, and by Capel Kiryk, and at LLanperis.
Meately good Wood abo.ute Conwey Abbay, and Penmachno,
and about Cotmore, and Coiteparke by Bangor, and yn other
many Places.
In LLene and Inionith is litle Wood.
¦ Cairarvonfeire aboute the Shore hath reafonable good
Corne, as abouth a Myle upland from the Shore onto Cairar
von. Then more upwarde be Eryri Hilles, and in them
ys very litle Corne, except Otes in fum Places, and a litle
Barle, but fcantly Rye. If ther were the Deere wold de-
ftroye it.
But in LLeene and fi Hinionith is good Corne, both by
Shore and almoft thorough Upland.

x Lege in the Yeare cum B. fi Hirmonith B.
1 Fayres a Yere,, Al

L-E-LAN D'S I T IN E R AR Y.
lynnes.
Linne Dolbaterne 2.
Miles in lenght, and a
dim. Mile yn Bredth.
Vallis monachus,
alias tfartt fylanach.
x Linne Peris a Myle
Lengbte-. Segent
cummith firft thorough
LLinn Peris, and -a Bow
Shotte of ynto Dolbafern
Poole. fi Linne Doudhouc no
thing fo bigge as * Linne
-fiery.
Bdladuiynni is yn Hugh Curvay Hundrede, a Vi. Miles
bey&und-e.
Cairarvdn. f * LLinne Tarthennyhe 4. or <;. Miles frorh'Cair*
Al thefe be yn the arvon by South . It is a one Mile yn Lenght lying
in a Valley, and a dim. Myle in Bffcdth.
£ e Ingi
Linne dan cader yrychek a Quarter of a Myle

40
Foi. 48.
Ther is but a Bridge
betuixt thes two.
In thefe 2. Pooles
be redde bely Fifches
caullid Thorgoughe , id
eft, thori aut pecloris
y rubei. There be alfo/' yn
of them yn LLin Tar-
thennyne, and yn LLin
Boladulinne. fr They
be taken yn thefe * 3.
Poles yn ordre, and
taken yn one not fene
yn the other".

Al yn theParoch
of Peris, y. Miles
EftSouth Eft front
yCairarvon . Andly
' in vallers Weft
North Weft from
LLanperis.

Hunderede or Com
mote of lfeurvay ,
greate

the

and al
Wiihaw Hille is< everyway
holely in this Com
mote. This Hille is

Linne Dinas Emeris a good-Milein Lenght, Slid
a dim. Mile in bredthe.

x So in the Original^ which is ftrangely written and interlinld by Mr.
Leland, and is hardly legible in this and fome of the following Leaves ;
but in Mt. Stowe (who alter 'd things according to his own mitid, and
corrupted dhiers words which he cowld not read) 'tis, LLine Peris, alias
Vallis monachus, a Myle in Lengthe. Segent ctfmmithe &c. In
Mr. Burton's Copy 'tis adjufted thus -. LLin Peris, alias Nant Manacu,
id eft, Vallis monachus, about a Mile in length, Segent Cometh &c.
fi Mr. Burton's Copy corrupts this (as well as fome other places!) thus:'
LLin Doudhone, Enothin, foe bigge as i£c. y Rubri B. IThefe
Words, as well as fome others in this place , are omitted by Stowe,
* 2. Pooles in order, and taken in the one and not feene in the
e e
other B. 1 Erechingi St. Yrychen {fine ingi) in B.

I Linne Perys Tarthennyne and ynllyn 2 Llinne Tarthennyne,

Linne

LELAND.'S ITINERARY.

47

« Linne Guinanhal a good Mile from Linne
Dinas a Myle long and a dim. in bredfh.
LLin LLeddan about a Mille in lenght. j
LLinne Ogweyne almoft a Mile yn lenght in
LLechuueth veha, i. e. fuper ior Hundrede.
Linne Mam Avon a' litle Poole in LLech-
uuetbe veha alfo.
'LLinne Idwalle a fmaule Pole wher they fay
that Idwalle Prince of Wales was killidand droun-
id. 'Tis yn Nant Franco Valley.
fi LLinne Dulinne not half a Myle in Lenght,,.
ful of Stones, in LLecbuueht Iffd, i. e. inferior t
Hundrede. Linne Yge almoft a Mile yn lenght in LLech-
Uuet IJfa Hundrede.
LLinne Colluid a Mile from Yge Poole South- -t Few or no Pooles
ward a good Mile yn Lenght in LLechuueth nother yn LLene nor
Iffd. ) yn Henionith.
Angl. Hille.

d radicibus a 5. Miles
to the Toppe.
Eonnon glaje yn
Withaw yn the hyeft
Parte by Eft Eryri
and nere LLeddan.
Fonnon de Fonnon-
Guafe. Blak Poale,
,Both in the Paroch
of Cair hene.

Vayk Tn.
Linne y Dolwithelan Paroche on a Hille fide in
Nant Conuuey Hundrede,
a litle. panda
fr Linne Kledder Fonnon, alias, Linn LLugby, a
Quarter of a Mile yn Lenght.
Linne Cravenant a good Myle. in Lenght, a ii.
Miles South from Conwey Abbay in a Valley.
LLin Enog, LLin Elfe a litle diftant afunder.
Lin t Rifcag betuix LLugby and Kledder.
LLin Gerionith a Mile yn Lenght and more.
[.LLin Thervenid halfe a Mile yn lengthe, not
far from Gerionith.]

Al yn Nant Con^
uuey Hundrede or
Commote,

£ Both in LLan
' RougbwynnParoch.

u LLinguinan half a good Mile B. fi LLin Denline, Black Poole,
not half a Mile &c. B. y Ihe Words over the Line are omitted in St.
c3" B. fr Lynne Kledder apone Afonhon alias, Linn LLugby a Quarter
&c. St, male. Voces fupra Un. omifit B. 1 Riftog St. g He means
Linne Crauenant and LLin Gerionith, tho' things are fe jumbled toge
ther, that 'tis bard to diftinguife to which of them he had refpetl. Nor de
we receive any Light from Stowe or Burton.

1 Roughvfyn,

Caftellr.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Caftelles in Cair Arvonfhire.
Hegannow yn Cryden.
Conwey. e2ms
Tre Caftel, alias Caftel x Marchog a Fonon.
Treurewe (a Myle from Conwey Abbay) where LLuelen lay
that maried Jane, King John's Doughtre. It ftondith on
Conwey and Treurewe Rivers.
Sinnodune a Mile from Conwey. The Fundation of a greate
thing yet remayne there.
Dolewytbelan in Nant Conwey Commote apon great Kled
der Ryver a xiii. Miles from Cairmainan by South Efte, and
as much from Conway.
Dolebaterne a v. Mile from Cairarvon by Eft South Eft
hard by LLynne. «
Dolebaterne on a Rok bytwixt 2. Linnys* There is yet a
Pece of a Toiire, wher Owen Gough, Brother to LLuelen,
laft Prince, was yn Prifon. it is yn IJcurvay Commot.
Dinas Emeris.
Cairarvon.
Criiith.

The 'Moode, in the Paroche of Aber otherwife LLan Bo->
e
duan, wher Tufifog LLuelin uab Gerwarde Trundon had a Ca
ftel or Palace on a Hille by the Chirch. wherof yet Parte
ftondith.
Syr Richard Syr Gul. Grifith hath a faire Houfe at Penryne a ii. Mile a
Buhk. this fide Bangor.
p Wyllyam uab William dwellith at a Place y * Gocbiclan a
Mile a this fide Penryne.
Wylliam Cotmore dwellith at Cotmore by Tale Linne Ogwein,
Pillefdon yn Cairarvon Toune.

u Sic in Autogr. Marchogeques in St. C3" B. fi All that
follows {with the three Words immediately preceding in the Mar
gin) as far as Conwey Ryver. The Haven ftondith &c. are
wanting in Stowe. The three Marginal Words are likewije
omitted in Burton, y L. Gochihclan.

1 Gochihclan, John

LELAND'S IT IN E R AR Y

. ^obtt uab Madok uab Pttel dwellith yn LLeene
at Bodwel.
John Wen uab Meridith dwellith at Gweder a
ii. bow Shottes above Conwey Toune on the Ripe
of Conwey Ryver. it is a praty Place.
y Elys ', uab Moriche yn Commoth l Hinionitb in
LLan Morva Paroche at Clannenne.
* Conwey Ryver. the Haven ftondith by North
and Weft.
Avon Duegeuelth a 3. Myles above Conwey,
and goith by it felf ynto Meney Salt Arme.
fr(On this Shore lyith Penmayn.) This Broke
rennith bytwixt Penmayne Maur and Penmaine
Vehan. Avon LLannuairuehan and goith ynto the Se
a 2. Miles above Duegeuelth.
Avon Aber a 2. large Miles above that.
Aber Ogweine a 2. good Miles above that.
Aber 1 Gegyne, out of a * Montaine by, a Myle
above, and Bangar almoft a Mile above it. It
ftondith on Toronnen. th
Aber C Poull 4. Mile beyond Bangor on Me
ney Shore, where is a » litle cumming vn for

49
Grifith ap Robert
« Vehan" dwellith at
Tale Henbont, fix. e.
veteris pontis", in
Inionith. John Oen dwell
ith at Kegid an aun
cient Houfe in Hi
nionitb. * Foi. 49.
it rifith in the Mon-
taynes a Mile of.

it rifith yn a Mon-
tayne therby.
it rifith yn a Poole mater
caullid LLin Main
Avon a 3, Mile of.

9- a 3. into the
Lande it rifith".

Bootes by entering of ic ynto Meney.
d
1 Moileethon Paffage a * litle Shot" above. There lyith
Fery Bootes to go 3 into Terre Mone.

x Deeft B. fi Defunt B. y Elizabeth B. fr The Words inclos'd in
a Parenthefis are left out by Stowe. * Degine B. t\ Poullth St.
n After litle Mr. Leland had firft of all written poore Havenet, which
be afterwards ftruck out. 9- Defunt St. Sic autem legitur in B. Aber
Poull rifeth a 3. Miles of in the Land, is 4. Miles beyond Bangor on
Meney Shore, where is all the coming in for Boates &c. , Moileeton
St. Moile Ethon B. «. For litle Shot Mr. Leland had firft written
Myle, which he afterwards ftruck out and inferted litle Shot over the Line.

Vol. 5.

1 Hinionith yn. 2 Mohteine. 3 ynto.
1

Guiti*

50
it rifith at Guen win
myrith Wel,aMile of.
Cadnant Broke ri-
fing a 3. Miles of
cummith thorough
the Toune Bridg of
Cairarvon, and goith
bi it felf ynto Meney
Arme. So that Cair
arvon ftondith by
twixt ii. Ryvers.
Both cum into Cad
nant. The Name of Ab-
remeney is not paf-
fing a Mile above
Cairarvon. yet the
Water of fum is
caullid Meney til
th
„ Poulle'l. Againe South Croke
by the Mouth of
Skeuernoc the Se hath
ete up a litle Vil
lage 9- on Cairarvon
fide'. Clunnok

LELAND'S ITINERARY,
x * Guenwynmyrthetb1, i. e. Horfes Bnfo; 2i
'Miles of.
Thens to Cairarvon 4. Mile.
Segent Ryver rennith hard on the farther Side
of Cairarvon, as the Shore Side goith, and there
cummith in praty Shippis hard tothe Caftd Side
from Meney into Sainct  •-
There cummith a Water caullid Avon Guiruay
thorough a Bridg caullid Bontnewith, a fi 2. a-
bove Cairarvon, and after cummith y ynto Me
ney at South Crok a 2. Miles of.
South Croke is a 3. Miles above Cairaryon.
I South Croke is the very Point of Abremenley".
£ Atigl. 3. quik Strerne
Erode Ske'uemok a litle Broke a vi. Miles above
Abrejeynt. On the farther Side of it is a litle Cha
pel caullid Bethoufe and 2. or 3; Houfis.
^Lleuonbroke goith into the Se 2. Mile a-
bove Skeuernok".
LLeuenv a greate Broke aboute a Mile above
cumming to the Se. And ther is a Paroche caullid
LLane LLeueny. AnZl- an Hav • • •
There be 2. Br[oks] betwixt Guiruay [and
Skeuenok, whereof the mydle is the bygger, caullyd
Colaide, and is  J
There is a Brooke a Mile beyond Abre LLeue-
wygoyng by it felf into the Se.
Vaur a Arvon a great Paroch, and the fayreft

x Guenwymnynythe St. Guenwin Meryth B. gAdde Myle cum
St. y Unto St. i Defunt St. 1 The Words above the Line are
omitted by Stowe. hut he hath put three points under od and as many
ever ke. £ Defunt St. B. » Poullelly St. In B. Meneitel Poullell.
9- Defunt St.

Guenwynmyryth. 3 Mile,

Chirch

LELAND'S I TINE
Chirch yn al Cairarvonfhire, as better
then Bangor, is a Mile beyond it, and
as far from thp Shore. There is a litle
Ryllet. There is a Broke more then a
.Mile above Clunog cumming ' to the
.mayne Se.
The next Paroche above Clunnok is
.LLan Aelhairen..
The nex Paroch onto it on the
a Fjftula
Shore is. Egluis. Epiftil. wher cummith
downe owt of a Rokke a litle Rylle as
it were renning yn a Pipe. And hither
cam, as fum fay, S. Bennow. A Peace
of this Roke is fallen, and fi valleith
after a ftrange fafcion.
The next Paroch on the Shore is
Treneuen. Treneuen Townelet is a 2.
Miles up the Lande. and there is a 2.
Faires every Yere, but no Wekely
Market. Hitherto the Counterey is
Monrainyus. From Treneuen to Abredaron a xn.
M'lys. The Grounde betwyt is fum
what >playne and hath ^.or 3. Paroches,
havyng very good Plenty of Corne
and Graffe, but very litle Woodde.
They burne Turffes, Feme, and Gorf-
fes, otherwife caullid Fyrres.
The fmaule Townelet of Abredaron,
wher is a 30. or mo Houfis, is on the
very farther Ripe of Daron. The Se
is about a Quartre of a Myle of. The
Paroche Chirch is above almofte a
Mile on the Shor as the Salt Wa
ter cumpafith .aboute with a Hedde.
The Chirche is caullid in Walfch LLan
engan Brening, id eft, Fanum Niniani
Reguli, where was a late a great Pilgri-

RARY. 51
Clunnog Paroche is in Com
mot Uch Curuay.
Fro Clunnok Chirch to
LLandel Hairen Chirch a 4.
Miles in Uch Curuay Com
mote. From LLan Aelheiren to
Egluis Epiftel Chirch a 3..
Myle.

This Rok is caullid Guor-
t her en, i. e. vallis Vortegerni
in LLene.
* From LLann egluis to Tre
neuen Chirch a 3. Myles.
There is a litle Broke on
the hither "Side of Treneuen.
Avon Ederne, alias Giratb,
a 2. Miles above Treneuen.
Ther be other fmaul Rilles
betwixt it and Daron,
Bytwixt Vallis Vortegerni,
and Aberdaron the Cumpafe
of the Se gatherith an Hed,
and the Se enterith at both
Endes. LLeene a xvi. Miles by
Shore, xrt. Mile by the Hy
Way in Lengh.
The Bred oi LLene an v-ni.
Mile. The hither Eride of LLene
by the y Shore cummith at a

« The Latin Word is omitted by St, tif'B.
for Shore in St.

fi Valleyeth B. y Slip

into the,

a From Llan,
12

mage.

52 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Hil [caullid Brith Rivil, ubi mage. This Paroche i3 al yri Tbleene,
valli]sVortegerni. and it endith Thlene..
Foi. 50. The Countery above LLeene is caullid Henionith.
From LLan engan Brennine to Crik-

In Leene a Mile above
Fanum Niniani is ' Penryndtbe
a good Haven Roode.
Pollele Bay a poore Mar
ket, now a lateftatio opt. cari-
nis. The Prince had a Place
there, as yet apperith.

fr ~ Al Penrine Pointe "is in
Merioniihjhire, and as much
as is beyounde Glcffin on the
Warth of Traithmaure.

Almoft . a Mile from Pen
ryne de yn Leene is Inis Tid-
Wale a vi. Acres yn Cumpace.
In it is a litle Chirch defolate.
Ther be 3 kepte Shepe, and
there be Conys. It is a Myle
from Penryne Lande by South
Eft.

ith about a xm.Mylebymeatly playne
Ground, having reafonable good Corne
and Pafture, but not like LLeene. There
lyith betwixt LLan engan and Criketh
a 3. or 4. Parochis. At Cn kith be a*2*
or 3. poore Houfes, and there is i
fmaulle « * Ryle. There hath beene a
/3Franchifid"Toune,nowclenedecayith. From Crikith to Trahtmaure a 3. Mile.
y Bytwyxt Traithmaure and Traith Ve
han a Mile thorough a Point of Wood
caullid Penryn Duelith, as yn the Myd-
dle, rennith at low Water thorough the
Traith Maur Warth, Gleffe LLinneWa-
ter, and divith Henionith of Cairar-
vonjhir from Merionithjhire.
Credine. a Commote of Cairarvon-
jhire a this fide Conwey River.
This Commote partely be Conwey
Ryver, partely by the. Se is yn a maner
as infulatid, and one Way ovvte of Den
bigh Land the Way is over a made Cau-
fey over a Marfch often overflowen.

a L. Rylle. fi This Word which is written over the line in the Orig. is
emitted by Stowe. who hath alfo decayed foi decay ith. y So 'tis correct
ed {very unintelligibly) by' Mr. Leland, who had firft of all written it thus :
From Crikith to Traht Vehan a 3. Myle. Bytwyxt Traith Vehan and
Traith Maure above rennith as yn the Myddle Gleffe LLinne Water &c.
Mr. Stowe has written it as I have publijh'd it, 'nly he omitts Traith
Maur Warth after thorough the, and makes Gleffe Linne &c. begin
anew Paragraph. He hath alfo omitted Jeveral things in the Margin.
Mr. Burton's Copy differs from me only in this that it leaves out Traith
Maur Warth after thorough the, and reads divideth {as it Jhould be
-correcled) for divith. fr Vide paullo inferius.

1 Penryndry, 2 Rylle. 3 kept.

The

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 53
TheCurripaceofit,asIgefle,isanvin. Ther is an other Iflet be-
Miles. Yn Lerlght it is a 3. Miles. twixt it and the Shore, caullid
In it is a 3. Paroches. Inis Mirach, i. e. equorum,
In it is very litle Wood, and that is having good « Graffe.
at Penrine.It berith very good Corne and Graffe.'
There is Northward in Credine a Bay or Rode very goode
for Shippis, and that greate, caullid Carrig Gonnyon. Anglice
White Stonys. Here a Mile up ynto the Land appere greate
Ruines of Hegannoye Caftel ftondding on an Hille, wher, as
fum fay, Mailgo Guined dwellid and LLuelen Prince of
North Wales.
Place Penrine an auncient Stone Houfe by Eft North Eft
on the Shore longing to Mr. Poel of Flintjhire.
fi Cogarth almoft clene doune on Conwey River Shore be-
tw.ixt  [here lave D] . . .
Segent, as I hard fay, rifith at Lynne Dolebaderne. This
Poole is a 3. Miles yn Lenght, . yn fum Place a Mile broode,
and yn divers Places leffe and leffe. .It lyith by Withow Hille,
and is diftant a v. Myle from Cairarvon toward South Eft
from Cairarvon,
Ogweyne . rifith at a Place caullid Tale LLinne Ogweyne, a
Pople a v. Mile above Bangor yn the Eft Side of Withow,
Conwey Ryver Hedde is withyn a 3. Myles of Penmsclano
Hille, * and this Hille is a vi. or 7. Miles from Conwey Abbey.
Traith Vehan and Traith Maur be Salt Armes and Crekes
fedde with no notable frefch Ryvers.
Mr. Rouland Griffith tolde me that there *were 2. Com
motes be'twixte Abredeuy and Towen Merionith that were yn
tymes pafle plentyful of Corne and Grafle, but lying low,
and almoft as level Grounde, the Se ful many a Yere fyns
hath clene devourid them up, and now it is totally .a Sandy
Warth. He told me alfo that at the Chyrch where he dwellith yn

x After Grafle Mr. Leland has made this mark \ ftgnifying
that thefe Words Al Penrine Pointe &c. which' are plac'd a
little above in the Margin jhould be inferted here, fi Defunt
St.

j a« this. Angle-

j4 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Anglefey, by the commune Fame of all the Counterey3 there
was of auncient tyme an Houfe of Reffigion.
In tyme of mynde Menne ufid not in Termone to feperate
theyr Grounde, but now flille more and more they digge
Stony Hillokkes yn theyre Groundes, and with the Stones of
them rudely congeftid they devide theyre a theyre" Groundes
after Devonjhire Fafcion.
In digging of thefe [they] digge up yn many Places yer-
then Pottes fi with the Mouthes tumid dpuneward, conteyn^
ing cineres & ofifa mortuorum. Foi. 51, 52. vacant,
foi. J3. The Bridge at Chefter apon Dee.
The Toun of the Holt 5. Miles by Land from Chefter, and
there is a great Stone Bridge on Dee Ryver.
LLangotlan is a lx. Miles above the Holt, and there is a
great Stone Bridge over Dee Ryver.
LLan Gotlan Village "is on the South Side, and Dinas
Brane Caftelle ftondith apon an high Hille oh the North
Ripe of Dee a 3. Quarters of a Mile of.
The Caftelle of Dinas Brane was never ' bygge Thing, but
fette al for Strenght as in a Place half inacceffible for'^Ene-:
myes. It is now al in Ruine : and there bredith in the Role
Side that the Caftelle ftondith on y bredith" every yere an
Egle. And the Egle doth forely affaut hym that diftroith
the Neft, goyng doun in one Basket, and having a" nother
over his Hedde to defend the fore Stripe of the Egle.
LLan Egwifte, alias Vallis Crucis, an Abbay of Whit
Menkes, was 3. Quarters of a 3 Myle by Weft North Wefte,
F0I.J4, Wyrale.
Wyrale begynnith leffe then a Quarter of a Mile of the
yery Cite felf of chefter, and withyn a 2, Bow Shottes of
the Suburbe without the Northe Gate at a litle Brooket caul
lid Flokars Broke that ther cummith ynto Dee Ryver, and
ther is a Dok wherat at Spring Tide a Ship may ly. and this
.Place is caullid Porte Poole.
Half a Myle lower ys Blaken Hedde, as an Armelet of the
iarounde pointing oute. At this is an olde Manor Place

x Redundat. fi with the mouthes -tumid douneward, &c.J
Whence they feem to me to be Danijh. y Redundat.

1 bigge. 2 Ennemyes. 3 Myle of by. long*

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 55,
longging to the Erie of Oxfirde-, and theryn lyith fiimtyme
Syr Gul. Norres. }
A Mile be Water lower hard on the Shore is a litle Vil
lage caullid Sanbehet.
Leffe then a Mile lower is Crabho Village.
A Myle lower is Shottewik Caftelle on the very Shore
longging to the King : and therby ys a Park.
Mottewike Townelet is a 3. Quarters of a Mylfe lower.
And 2. Mile lower is a Rode in Dee caullid Satthouk
wher again it on the Shore is a Salt Houfe Cottao-e. '
Then is Burton Hedde, wherby is a Village almoft a Mile
lower then Salt Houfe.
ii. Myles lower and more is Denwale,Rode. and agayne it
a Farme Place cauTIid Denwaulle Haul, lt longith to Mr.
Smithe. and; more up into the Land is Denwaulle Village.
ii. Miles and more lower is Nefton Rode, and ynward a
Mile ynto the Land is Nefton Village.
About a 3. Miles lower is a Place caullid the Redde- Bank.
and ther half a Mile withyn the Land is a Village caullid
Thruftington. A Mile and more lower is Wefte Kirkeby a Village hard
on the Shore.
And half a Mile lower is Hillebyri, as the very Point of
Wyrale. This Hillebyri at the Floode is al environid with Water as
an Ifle, and than the Trajeclus is a Quarter of a Mile over
and 4. Fadome depe of Water, and at Ebbe a Man may go
over the Sand. It is about a Mile in Cumpace, and the
Grounde is Sandy and hath Conies. There was a Celle of
Monkes of Cheftre, and a Pilgrimage of our Lady of Hilbyri.
The Barre caullid Chefter Barre that is at [the] very Mouth
of the Sandes fpuid oute of Dee Ryver is an 8. or 10. Mile
Weft South Weft from Hilbyri.
It is by Eftimation a xvi. Mile from the Point of Hilbery to Foi ce
croffe ftrait over to the next Shore in Lancafterjhire. For '
Lyrpoole lyith a x. Miles into the Lande from the Mouthe of
Merfey Water, and lytle lak of xx. from the very Barre of
Merfey that lyith in the mayne Se.
From the Poynt of Hylbyri to Lirpoole as it lyith. withyn
the Lande a x. Mile,
From Hilbyri to cumpace about the Shore of Wyral on
Merfey Side to Walefey Village on the very Shore, wher Men ufe

56 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
ufe much x ufe" to faite Hering taken at the Se by the Mouth
of Merfey, is a feven or eight Miles.
Thens a 2. Myles to the Fery Houfe on Wyrale Shore, and
there is the Trajeclus proximus to Lyrpole a 3. Miles over.
Aboute half a Quarter of [a] Mile upward hard on Wyral
Shore is Byrket a late a Priory of a xvi. Monkes as a Celle
to Chefter without any Village by it.
Al the Shore Ground of Wyral apon De fide ys highe bank-
id, but not veri hilly Grounde. And fo ys the Bank of Wy
rale onto fi Briket on Merfey Side.
The Trajeclus from Hillebyri direclely overthwart bytwixt
Flint and Bafengwark is at the ful Se a vii. Miles over.
Foi 6 Flintejhir.
5 ' The Eft Parte of the Paroche of Potuarry is in Flint/hire :
and Part of the fame Paroche toward the South ys yn Dif-
ftrin Cluid.
Hoele communely -caullid in Englifehe Poele, and, as fum
fay, it is the Name that we y caullid Hughe.
Hoele a Gentilman of Flyntjhir that by auncient Accu-
flume was wont to gyve the Bagge of the Sylver Harpe to
the befte Harper of North Walys, as by a Privilege of his
Auncetors, dwillith at Penrine yn Flyntjhir. He hath alfo
Caftellum a ruinus Caftelet, or Pile, at a Place caullid * CafteU Yollo.
Ludcvki. Tn;s -Word Yollo is the fame in Walfehe that LLuelen ys, and
Ludovicus in Latine.
Yollo ys 2. Miles from Northob Village a litle on the lift
Hand yn the Highe Way to Chefter.
Thifarte, or Difarte, Caftelle yn Flyntjhire, by the Name yn
Walfehe is thus expoundid. Thi is privata particula, as not.
Difarte. Sarte is ftepe up. Not ftepe or^clining up, that is to iay playne.
Retheian, communely caullid Rudelan, cummith of Rethe,
that ys to fay Roone color or pale redde, and Glan, that is the
Shore ; but G when Glan is fet with a Worde praeceding G
is explodid. About Glafcoit (viridis fiilva) Hille, that is a 4. Miles be
yond Ruihelan, is the limes of Flintjbir and Denbigh lande.
x Redundat. fi Briket] Sic in Aut. y Cawle St. B.
fr dining] F. diving.

Caftel Yollo. Den-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 57
Denbighe-Lande. Fol.jy.
Commotes yn Denbigh-Land.
Ife Duleffe and Hughe - Dulefje, both by Northe toward
LLan Elwy, alias S. y^fo.
And boothe be namid 6ix Duleleffe a Broke there rennyng-.
Ife Aleth and Hughe Aleth ly bothe flat Wefte toward Clfahthia.
Conwey, and hath the Name of Aleth Ryver.
Kinemarth cummith from withyn a Mile and a half of
Kuthme to the very Toune and Caftelle Waul of Denbirhe,
and lyith moft by South South Eft.
Sum take the Paroche felf of Denbigh for a Commote, and
lyith much by Efte, and is a 4. Mile yn Cumpace or more
Sum fay that afore the Toune of Denbigh was made yt
was yn Hughe Duleffe Commote, but fins of late tyme it hath
he provid by Pie to be a Cort and Commot of it felf.
There is no Place yn al thefe Commotes where the People
d welle vicatim, but al fparfem, faving at Denbighe Toun felf.
'And yn al thefe Commotes was no Howfe of Priory or
Abbay, faving a Place of White Freres at the very Efte Ende
of the Toun of Denbighe.
There be diverfe Paroche Chirches in eche of thefe Com
motes, faving that if Denebigh Paroch be a Commote, ther
is but one Paroche Chirch yn it, and that is J St. Marcelles a
Mile and more * out of the Toune of Denbighe by Eft.
Ther be ii. of Eafe by fide withyn the Toune felf, wherof
one is caullid S. Hilaries, very large and welle fervid.
Kinemarth is the greateft Commot of al the Refidew, and
yet hath but 2. or 3. Paroches, Lan Rayhader, that is a 7. Reader is
Miles in Lenght, and LLanemys, that is not al in Kynmarth, *> % '&
but Parte in Diffrin Chid. It is caullid LLaneinis, by caufe £"' °f'
the Chirch is fet betwixt the Ryvers of Cluid and Cluedog asS.
in an ifle. Thefe fi 11. ftremes ren ther withyn a Quarter of
a Mile togither.
Lbke wither LLanvair Vadelen be not in Kinemarth. This «r4
Paroche is caullid in Walfch Kereg Edridion. Fanum Ma-
There is yn the Eft Ende of Lan Raihader Paroch very "'* Magda.
goodly Corne and Grafle. but by Weft South Weft yt is '"""'

x DtileiTe B. -•¦fi ii. in Autogr.

I S, Marcelles. z out the Tcune, '
VoL 5- m baren

S«-

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
baren and hilly with Bogges. Wood inough yn Raihaider
by North Eft.
x There is good Corn, as Whete Grounde, about LLa-
neinys, metely woddyd.
Lanvair Vadelen is much baren, but for Otes withe greate
Labor. No Wood but Turfe. Ful of Hilles and Bogges.
Foi. 58. The Paroche felf of Denebighe is plentiful of Corne and
Grefie, but no great Wood.
Ife Duleffe is good for Corne as Whete, Rye, Peafon and
Benes, and hath very good fine Pafture and Medois, and hath
litle Waft Ground yn it, and hath good
This litle Parke is caullid in Woodde as in the leffe Parke longg-
fines' ing to Denbighe, and yn other Places.
Walfch Gorfenodiog, There is a Quarre of harde Stone. Its
y of a Blakifch or fad Marble Color,
much ufid for Ovens and Chimeneis in this litle Park :
and there alfo they die oute Slate Stones to kyver Houfes.
Hughe Duleffe is Telle fruteful then Ife Duleffe, and more
Hylly and Rokky. Ther is Plenty of Woodde in it. And
the great Park by Denbigh is, as I. lernid, in this Commote.
Moil evig. This Parke is caullid in Walfehe fi Moil evig, that is to fay of
the Bqlde Hyndes.
Other Parkes then the 2. aforefaid be not in Denbighe Land.
Ife Aleth cummith to the very Shore of Rethelan Bay.
This Bay bereth the Name from Rethelan and the Mouth
of Guide to the Mouth of Conwey.
Thefe ii. Paroches in Ife Aleth ly apon the Shore : firft
Lan_ S,. George next to the Marches of Flyntjhir, and more
upper Weft to Credin Abergele Paroch, where be likelihod
is a Water caullid Gelle.
The North Part of Ife Aleth as to the Shore is meetely
fruteful of Come. The South Part is Hilly, good for Gotesj
and hath litle Wood in refpede.
Hughe Aleth cummith by Wefte onto Conwey Ryver Bank
agayn the 'I "owne felf of Conway, and ther metith with Comt
Credine a Pece of Cairarvonjhir cis Conwey River : and leving
Credin on the North Side ofthe Shore, as on the right hpnde,:
and then goith on Conwey Ryver Bank up a litle by South
South Weft, and then levyng Conwey Bank It goith plain
South and metith with Penthline Lordfhip.

x The two Paragraphs immediately following are wanting in St.
fi Moy enig B. In

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 54
. In Hughe Aleth be many Bogges, Rokky Hilles, and Mo- Foi. ;9.
fifch Ground : And the Soile is to cold to have good Corne,
yet yn diverfe Places it berith Otes and fum Rye. It hath in
fum Places Woodde. In thefe Hilles be kept mete Horfe and
Shepe. This Commote is the worft Parte of al Denbigh Land and
moft baren.
In Kinemarch Commote be 2. Places wher be likelihod
hath beene fum Caftelettcs or Piles of Defence. LLefguen- Palatum
llean is the one, and that is. a 3. Quarters of a Myle owt 0fv'"<i<'lc»*-
Denbigh toward South in the way to Ruthine on the light
Hond. There apperith no B'uildingjiow, but great Diches
and Hilles over growen with Buffches:
e
Place amidowe is the other, wher is a great Diche and a
Hille. The Name declarith it to have beene the Place o£
an Heremite. Wither ther hathe beene any other thing there
it is out of Memorie. There is nothing now but a Fox
Borow. It is a Mile and more from Denbigh by South in the
way to Ruthin on the lifte Hand
Denbigh Toune.
After that King Edward had extindid the Prince oi Wales,
and had holely al Wales in his Poffeflion he much iludied to
the Fortification especially of North Wales, and the Marches
of it. And by this meane Lacy a Man of greate Estimation
aboute Edwarde the I. had the Land of Denby l gyien onto
hym. And I have hard fay that is was- partely in confederation
that he maried in the Bloode of the Prince of North Wales.
Lacy was a great Lord Marcher-afore in Etvifland bering the
Name of Lacye,
This Lacy firfle began the Toun of Denbigh, walling it and
making a Caftelle there. Afore his tyme 1 cannot lerr.e that
there was other Toun or Caftelle.
The Toune and Caftel of Denbighe flandith on a craggy
Hille, and is nere a Mile in Cumpace, and ys pene orbicu
lar i figur a. The Caftelle lyith South on the Toune* and
the Toun lyith to the Caftelle by North and Eft.
In the Toun be but 2. Gates, the Efcheker Gate, and the FoJ- 6o-
Burges Gate. In the firft was the Lordes Court kept : and

1 gvv cn. m 2 in

60 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Porta ftata- ;n tne other the Burgelis. The Eskeker Gate lyith playne
ru" Weft, and the Burgeies Gate plain North.
Thefe ii. Gates as the Cumpace of the Waulle goith be a
great flite Shot one from the other : and betwixt them, in the
Waulle is never a Tower.
And from the * Esker Gate to the Caftel is never a Towre :
but ther is a Galery out of the Caftel into it.
Thefe Towers be in the Toune Waulle by Eft from the
Burgefes Gate to the South Eft Side of the Caftelle.
Firft a great quadrata Tower fi caullid  [fe-
oondly] the Countes Toure (beyng fquare) a goodly [Tower
of 2. Loftes high. The third the Goblin Hole femicirculari
fegura, the Leades of which in hominum memoria about an 80.
Yeares agoe were with Tempeft carried awaye, as farre al
moft as St. Marcelles the Paroche Church, and foe hath layen
uncovered.] There be 2. rounde Toures befide.
There hath beene diverfe Rowes of Streates withyn the
wald Towne, of the which the moft
There is a goodly and large part be now doone in maner. and at
Chapel of Eafe in the old this tyme there be fcant 80. Howfol-
Toune of1 St. Hilarie. wither ders.
yet mofte of the new Toun I have not yet lernid the Certente
y yet" cumme. how this wallid Toune decayed withyn.
wither it were by * Fire or for lak of
Water, wherof there is litle or none, or for lak of good
Caryage into the Toun ftanding fumwhat high and on rokky
Ground, I cannot J 3 telle.
But the Towne of Denbigh now occupied and yoining
neere to the old Toun hath beene totally made of4 late tyme,
and fet much more to commodite of Cariage and Water by
many Welles in it. And the s Encreafe of this was the Decay

x L. Eskeker. fi All that follows tbis Word as far as At this
tyme there be fcant 80. Howfolders CSV. is wanting in Stowe,
who has written this Note .- the other tome and defacid. And
indeed moft of it is torn out in the Orig. but 'tis jupplfd in Bur
ton, y Redundat. J" L. / cannot jurely telle.

I S. Hilarie. 2 Viti. 3 furely telle. 4 later tyme. 5 Encreace. Of

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 61
of the othpr. x At this prefent tyme the new is 3. tymes
[as byge] as the old. [The Market Place in Denbighe that
is fayre and large was pavid but of late Yeres.] There is Foi. 6t.
a Chapelle of Eafe in the Midle of the new Towne of
S. Anne.
One Fleming was the Builder of this, and yet it is caullid
Capelle Fleming, and is of a good Large-
nes. Ther was an Almofe Houfe hard The new Toune of Den-
by this Chapelle ex faxo quadrato made high was clere defacid with
by the fame Flemingt But now it is Fier by Hoftilite, a°.D. 1468.
defolate. Sum fay that this was doone
The Caftelle is a very large thing, by the Erie of Penbroke.
and hath many Toures yn it. But the
Body of the Worke was never finifhid.
The Gate Houfe is a mervelus flrong and great Peace of
Work, but the faftigia of it were never finifchid. If they
had beene, it might have beene countid emong the moft
memorable Peaces of Workys yn England. It hath diverfe
Wardes and dyverfe Portcolicis. On the Front of the Gate
is fet the Image of Hen. Lacy Erie of Lincoln in his flately
long Robes.
There is a nother very high Towre and larg in the Caf
telle caullid the Redde Towre.
Sum fay that the Erie of Lincoln's Sunne felle into the
Caftelle Welle, and ther dyed : wherapon he never pallid
to finifch the Caftelle.
King Edward the 4. was befegid in Denbigh-Ca&elle : and
ther it was padid bytwene King Henry's Men and hym that
he fhould with Life departe the Reaulme never to returne.
If they had taken King Edwarde there clebellatum fuiffet.
There is every Sunday Prayers made in S. Hilarie Chapelle
for Lacey and Percy,
Denbigh Lande on fum Places marcheth apon Chide Ryver. Foi. 6z.

x At this prefent time the newe is 3. times as bigge as the ould,
and is a Mile  and it lyeth all in one Street
 and in the Market Place well build
ed, which is fayre, and large, and paved of late Yeares. The Con
fluence to the Market on Tewejday is exceding great. St. Marcelles
a Mile of was Paroch Church to the ould Towne, and foe it is to
the new. There is a Chapel -oi Eafe &c. B.
Wher

62 L E L A N D'S I T I N E R A R Y.
T „i,» %,„..= fi>- p n Wher C/a;W cummith nieft to Din-
JLoke here for tonnon Du- ,. , ~ ... A^., r, ^n
high 1 oun it is 2. Miles of by Lite.
S.ZW« Welle a mighty C/«^ Ryver cummith ynto cAarf
Spring that maketh a Brok *• M,^, '%er ,,b7 ,Water> a"d Jl £
renning fcant a Mile. -Land then £«;£». Town on the Wefte
Ripe of it.

t>

Looke heere for thefe Brokes.
Brennig. Vehan.
Alwein. Uftrate cummith within half a Mile by South of Denbigh
Toun, and goith ynto Cluid by the Weft Ripe almoft againe
Denbigh Toun that is a 2. Miles of.
i.tcn%AU- Aleth rifith in LLin Aleth Poole an 8. Miles Weft from
tins. Denbigh T'oun in the Paroche of LLan Sannan, and rennith
about an 8. Miles towarde the North, and fi go ynto the South
obedient
S" Fanum obedientia. Ripe of Elwy in LLan y Heneth Pa-
Ther is a s litle" Water roche, a 6. Miles above S. Afaph. So
caullid Merach Mirchion, wher- that the Courfe of it goith an [8.]
by, as l fum fay, was £ Lorde Miles by Eftimation.
Marach a Mirch . ... ons On the farther Ripe of Elwy a 3.
Place. * It is [in HenelladPa- or 4. Miles above S. Afaphes is a Stony
roche.] Rok caullid Kereg thetylluaine, i. e. the
Rok with hole Stones, wher a great Cave is, having divers
Romes in it hewid out of the mayne Rok.
There is in the Paroch of LLanfannan in the Side of a
Stony Hille a Place wher ther be 24. Holes or Places in a
Roundel for Men to fitte in, but fum leffe and fum bigger,

x There are three Points made over this Word in the Orig. and as
many over.againft it in the Margin, where is written : and than ynto
 by Weft. It is in LLanbarder Paroche, of fum
caullid S. Dunnokes. which Words are injertedin Burton immediately
after fcant a Mile. But things are very much corrupted at this Place
in Stowe. fi Goith St. & B. y Obedient fupra /in. deeft in B.
i" Ifta, qua in marg. pojuimus, defunt in Stoveo. t Still B. £ L.
Marach a  Place B.

j fum faie. 2 It is Hencllan Pa[roche,J cutte

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 63
cutte oute of the mayne Rok by Mannes Hand, and there
Childern and Young Men cumming to feke their Catelle ufe
tp fitte and play. Sum caulle it the Rounde Table. Kiddes ufe
ther communely to play and skip from Sete to Setei
Tljere is an Hille with Pafture in Guitheryn Paroche in
Denbigh Lande caullid Penbere, i. e. caput fepulchri, wher a
Stone-' like a flat Stone of a Grave lyith, and one, as it is
fejde, lyith under it byried. Foi. 63. vacat.
Market Townes in Gloceftrefhire^ Foi. 64.
Gloceftre. Bfiftow.
Cireceftre.
Twekesbyri. Caftelles. in Gloceftrefhire.
Gloceftre.
Sudely by Winchelcumle.
Cireceftre had- a, Caftel by * likelyhod,
Briftow Caftel. Ryvers. in Gloceftrefhire.
Severn,Avon. touchith. at Twekesbiri.
Another Avon. at. Briftow.
.^t. rifith a iii. Myles from Cirenceftre not far from a Village
cawlled, Kernble within half a Myle of the Fojfe Way, betwixt
Circeceftre and Bath. Thens it runneth to Latinelad a *4,Myles
of, and fo to Grekelad abovyt a Myle lower, fone after re
ceiving Churn,
Churne at Ciceftre, proprie Churnceftref x a hard by Chef-
treion, improprie pro fif Chirnetown. The prindpal Hedde
oi.Churn rifrth at Coberle, wher is the Hed Howfe of Sir John
Bridges. It is a Vii. Myles from Gloceftre, and a five Myles
or. more irom Cireceftre by the which yt renneth, and thens a
VI. Myles [uno] infra Grpklad million yt goith into Ifis.
Wher as the very Hed of Ifis. ys.ina great Sorrier Drought

« And hard St. Hard B. fi Chilnertown. St.
1 lyktlyhod 3 6 Myles of. 3 Churnetown, apperith

64 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
1 apperith very litle or no Water, yet is the Stream fervid*
with many Ofspringes reforting to one Botom.
Communely thorough al Ghcefterfeire there is good Plenty
of Corn, Pafture and Wood, faving at Cotefwold wher the
great Flokkes of Sheepe be, and yet in fum Places ther grow-
eth fair Corn.
Gloceftre where yt is not fufficiently defended by Severn
ys waulled. The Caftel is of an wonderful old Buildings
but no old Britons Brykes yn yt, fed lapides plerumque qua-
drati. Of al Partes of yt the hy a Tower in media area
ys moft ftrongeft and auncient. Withowt duplicifqjfa munitur.
In the Towne be [xi.] Paroche Chirches. withowt Blak
Monkes yn the Town. Blak Chanons lately withowt.
An Arow fhot withowt the Town toward Herford ys a long
Bridge of Stone, under the which goeth a great Arme of Se
verne, as I remembre, cawlled Owfeburne. Yt breketh owt
of the great Streame above the Town, and beneth yt goith
againe into the mayne Streame. The Curfe of yt is abowt
a Myle. So that it infulateth a goodly Medow.
Briftow apon Avon a greate Cite, well waulled, having a
fair Caftel. In yt is now, as I remembre, xviii. Paroche
Chirches. S. Auguftines, Blak Chanons extra mania ; ibique
in magna area facellum, in quo fepultus eft S. Jordanus, unus
ex difeipulis Auguftini Anglerum apoftoli. A Howfe withowt
the Waulles, as I remembre, cawlled the Gauntes otherwife
Bonhommes. [iiii.] Howfes of Freres, of the wiche the
White Freres Places ys very fair. Avon Ryver abowt a
1 Quarter of a Myle beneth the Towne in a Medow cafteth'
up a great Arme or Gut by the which the greater Veffels as
mayne toppe Shippes cum up to the Towne. So that Avon
doth peninlulate the Towne, and Veffels may cum of [bothe]
Sides of yt. I marked not wel whither ther cam any frefch
Water from the Land to bete that Arme.
Avon goith into Severn at Kynges Rode iii. [Myles] be
neth [Briftow] by Land, and [vi.] by Water.
In the Hilles about Briftow [Towne be] found litle Stones
[of divers Colours counterfetynge precious] Stones.
Foi. 6y. Cireceftre, corruptely for Churneceftre, peraventure of Pto-
leme cawlled Coriminum, ftondeth in a Botom apon the Ry-

i appereth. a Towr. 3 Quartre. ver

Be lykehod yh times paft
Guttes were made that Partes
' oi Churne Streame might cum
thorow the Cyte, and fo to
returne to theyr great Botom.

The Soyle in the Stony
Feeldes abowt, Cireceftre is
more apt for Barie then Whete.
Therabowt as in Cotefwold
is fmawl Plenty of Wood ex
cept in few Places kept of
neceflite.

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 65
ver of -Churne. ' The Cumpace of the
old Waul, 'c'ujus pauca adhuc extant ve-
ftigia, was nere hand ii. Myles. A Man
may yet Walking on the Bank of Churne
evidently, perceyve the Cumpace of
Fundation, of Towers fumtyme fland-
ing in the Waul, and nere to the Place
wher ' the' right goodly ' Clothing Mylle Was fet up a late by
the Abbate was broken down the Ruine
of an old Tower toward making of the
Mylle Waulles, in the which Place was
fownd a quadrate Stone fawllen down
afore, but broken in aliquot frufta,
wherin Was a Romaine Infcription, of
the which one fcantly letterd that faw
yt told me that he might perceyve Pont.
Max. Among divers numifmata fownd
frequently there Diocleftan's be moft faireft. But I cannot
adfirme the Infcription to have bene dedicate onto' hym. In
the Middes of the old Town in a Medow was found a Flore
de * tefteliis verftcoloribus, and by the Town noftris iemporibut
Was fownd a broken Shank Bone of a Horfe, the Mouth clofed
with a Pegge, the which taken Owt a Shepard founde yt fillid
nummis argehteis: In the South Sowth Weft fide of the Waul
be lykelyhod hath bene a Caftel, or
fum other great Building, the Hilles arid
Diches yet reinayne. The Place is now
a Waren for Conys, and therin hath
be fownd Mennes Bones infolitie mag
nitudinis, alfo to fepulchres ex fe'cld la-
pide. In One was a round Veffel of
Leade covered, and in it Afhes 'and
Peaces of Bones. More then iii. Partes
of .the old Town' is now goodly Me
dow Ground. The iiii. Partys yet wel inhabited, having
one Paroche Chirche very richely
4 wrought, and an Abbay of Blak Cha- 7"ner 's alfo a litle Chapel
nons fundatore Henrico prima. But as an Almofe Houfe.

Sum fay that it was the
Place* wher Sege was laide to
the Town, and not far thens
is a fleepe rownd Biry like a
Wind Myl Hill ext. muros
cawlled GrifmundeS Tower,
for x Gufmundis 3 Tower, as
theie fay.

x Garmuhdes B.

1 of Chijrn. Streame. z Tefjellis. 3 Towr. 4 vyrougtj
Vol. 5. n there

66 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
' there afore was a great <^* ^^Ff^^uS
Bodv of the Chirch in a fepulchre Croffe of White Mar*
He h this rinfcription,] HiTiacet « Rembaldus presbyter,
^olXjusecd^ de'cLs, {k tempore, Edward, regis An-
gIi?ummyngn"from Glocefter to Cirefeftre almoft yn the My^
die Way Wwyxt wher the Wood %leth . and Cbampayne
W: Countery toward to>^ appereth, the faire old Way made
by the Britons ys very evidently feen, and fo goeth as ftrayt
asY a Line to Cirecefter, and fro thens to Bathe. But fum wold
that ^Way from Cirecefter to Bath fhould be the very Foffe,
and the Wa/betwyxt c(e(eftn toward GM "» * » «g '
of the iiii Wayes made by the Britons . The Abbat of Cir-
3£ told me that abowt &«0fe fhould be croffe meatmg of
81 MWelTri, alias Sodbiri, in Gloceftrefhire a xu Miles
from ft^ as yt'were by North Eft appereth on a -Hille a
ftrong Camp of Menne of Warre doble dichld. It is und
now to be fowen by Mr. Walche.
Kenchefter ftandeth a iii. Myles °r. more above W^flp-
ward on the fame Side of the Ryver that Herford doth ; yet is
yt almoft a Myle fro the Ripe of Wy. This Towne : is fa
Lore auncyent then Herford,. and was celebrated yn the
Rcmaynes tyme, as appereth by many thinges, and efpccyally
by antique^Mony ofthe Cafars very often fownd withyn the
TWne, and yn Plowghyng abowt ; the wh.ch the Peop^
ther cawlleth-i)««r/«^«y. The^ Cumpace oi Kencheftre,
bath bene by Eftimation as much as Herford, excepting the
Caftel, the which at Herford ys very fpauofe. Peaces .of the
Walles and Turrets yet appere prope Jundamenta and more
fhould 3 haveappered if the People of Herford Town and
other therabowt had not yn tymes pafte pu led down muche
and pVked owt of the beft for there Buildinges. Of late
one M. Brainton buylding a Place at Stretton a Myle. from
Kencheftre dyd fetch much tayled Stone there toward his
Buildinges. They told me ther that one M.Linghamy-
Owner both of Kenchefter and Sutton. By lykelyhod Men
of old tyme went by Kenchefter to Hay, and fo to Breinoc and

Foi. 66.

a Reynoldus St.

fro. a Cireceftre, j have haw «ppere4, C«f

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 67
Cair Mardyn. The Place wher the Town was ys al over
growen with Brambles, Hafylles, and lyke ' Shrubbes. Ne-
vertheleffe here and there yet appere Ruines of Buyldinges, of
the which the foi ifch People cawlle on the King of Feyres.
Cbayre. Ther hath ben fownd noftra memoria lateres Britan
nia, y ex eifdem canales, aqua duSlus, teffellata pavimenta,
fragmentum catenulte aurea, calcar ex argento, by fide other
ftrawng thinges. To be fhort, of the Decaye of Kencheftre
Herford rofe and florifhyd. Withowt fayle Herford ys better
fet as hard apon Wy Ryver, and fo nerer to the Paftures. But
I cannot perceyve that Hereford had any great Begynning
afore King Offas tyme, the which be al z likelyhod had a Pa
lace at Sutton.
Sutton ys a iiii. Myles from Hereford, wher appere notable
Ruines of fum auncyent, and great Building. It is thowght
ther and a great 3 likelyhod is .that it was fumtyme the Man-
fion of King Offa, at fuch tyme as Kencheftre flood, or els
Herford was abegynnyng.
Marden Village is abowt a Myle from Sutton, and harde
hy ys a Hil wher, as men fay, S. Ethelbricght was behed-
ded. At tbe Village now is a fair Chirche dedicate to hym.
I thynk verely that he was flayn at Sutton yn King Offa's
Howfe. The Name oi Marden femeth to expreffe the Mar
tyrs Hil.
Breknocfeire is very Montanius, and in fum x Place. very FoL 67^
wooddy : nethertheleffe in the Valles fruteful of Corn," and
efpeeially of Paftures. For the Walfchmen yn tymes pafl, as
they do almoft yet, did fludy more to Paflurage then Tyl-
ling, as Favorers of their confuete Idilnefs. Among al the
Montaynes of that Shire Blake Montayne is ¦ moft famofe.
For he ftrecchith, as I have lerned, his Rootes on one fide
within a iiii. or y. Myles of Monemuth, and on the other
Side aj nere to Cairmerdin. Though this be al one Montayne,
Jet many Partes of him have fundry Names. Owt of this
lontayne fpringeth the Heddes of iiii. famofe Ryvers, that
be diyerfe Cowrfys thorowgh Sowth Wales at the laft cum
ynto the Severn Se. Ther he yn the Shir diverfe other litle
Rivers, of whom Giraldus writeth at length, as Hodeney that

x Sic.
I Shurbbes. » fykelyhod. 3 Iykel>hod
n 2 giveth

$8 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
giveth the old Name to Brehnoc, ¦ that is to fay Aberhodenef,
and LLeueney that cummeth owt of Atterel Hylles, the wich
be cawlled in Walfch Meneth e Cadair, id eft monies alti in-
Jlar cathedrarum, and fo defcendeth ynto Breknoc Mere, the
which is a ii. Myles in Lengeth, and a Myle or more in
Bredthe. This Lake is cawlled in Walfehe LLin Seuathah.
Here one thing is to be noted, that after a great Reyne
LLeueney cummeth owt of the Montaynes with fuch a
Rage that he « bringging the Color of the Dark redde
Sand with hym, and ys" fene by the Color wher he vio
lently paffeth thorowgh the Mere.
The Lake of Brecnok ons Thens LLeueney renneth intoWy abowt
frofen over, and than in a Glasbyri a iii. Myles from the Hay, the
Thaue breking maketh mer- which is in the right way betwixt Her-
velus Noife per totam vicini- ford and Breknoc. Looke more dili-
am. gently for this Lake apon Giraldus Book
cawlled Itinerarium Cambria. In the * Lake be Umbers, yn
Walfehe Cangans, and great Store of Pykes, wherof many
cum into Wy River.
The Town of Breknoc is welle waulled, and hath a fair
Caftel yoining to hit. The Duke of Bokingham was of late
Lord there. In the Town fi be . . . . Paroche Chirches,
and withowt . . . There a late was a Celle of Blak Monkes
longing to Batay'e Abbay.
Foi. 68. Brekenok waullid. iiii. Gates. Old Port fuperior, as the Hy
Gate by North. Weft Gate by the Blake Freer. They be in
the Suburbe. Eft Gate, Water Gate, Cambrice y Porthene
hichca, i. e. fuperior, the Old Gate.
Befide thes Gates is one Portbont, Bridgate, alias Weft Gate.
without in the Beginning of Portiffa the lower gate, alias Eft Gate.
a Suburbe Is caullid alfo Par- Portdoure, Water Gate, alias Portwiske.
thene S, Maria, In the Towne is a mighti great Chapel,
with a large Tour for Belles of harde

x Bringethe St. B. fiTheJe two lacunae are not jupplfd either
by St. or B. y Porthene, the North Gate, Ould Gate, B.
ir caullid alje Porthene S. Maria?.] I think that after Porthene
fhould be a full point, and that S. Maria fhould be put in a dift-
jn£t line, to fhew that the mighti great Chapel here (poke of was
dedicated to St. Mary.

I J.ak. Ston

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 69
Ston coftely fquared with the Expences of a thoufand Poundes.
The Paroche was wher the Priori was, and Was afore s. jmmU
ther on the Priori was made, and yet is. It ftondith North Evange-
withowt the Waulle apon the Ripe of Honddye. liftffi-
The * Paroche of LLanuays. LLan Chirch. Vais ext. ac s. Da-vldu.
fi diceres extra muros. It ftandeth betwixt the River of Uske
and Tyrtar elle Brooke, that [is] about the lower Ende ofthe
Toun of Brekenok.
In the Eft Suburbe ys an Hofpitale with a Chapel. s. Catarine.
The Caftel ftondith in the Suburbe and is devidid from
the Toune by Hondeney River, over
the wich is a Hy Bridge of ii. * Arches Ther apperith Digging,
to go into the Caftel, the wich is very wher Mennelaborid to bring
large,ftrong, welle mainteynid. and the a Peace of Hondy about to in-
Keepe of the Caftel is very large and fulate Brekenok with hit and
faire. Wiske.
In the Toune is Market twys a Weeke Wenfday and Satur
day. There hath beene founde about the Toune in the Feeldes
Romaine Quenes.
At the Ende of the lower Part of the Caftel cummith Hond-
dey into Uske as foone as Wske is x one paflid thorough the
great Bridge.
Uske Bridge at Brekenoc was throuen doun by the [Rage]
of Wske Water anno 26. Henrici 8. die S. Hugonis. It
was not by Rain but by Snow meltid that cam out of the
Montaines. The Water fi 3 ranne forward about the Toppe
of the [Hy Bridge, and the Circle Mark apperithe almoft] to
the Midde Waul of the Blake Freres 4 [Cloiftre.]
To the Lordfhip of Brekenoc longgith but only the Market
of Brekenok.
In al the Lordfhip of Brekenoc was not in time of memori
but the Priori of Blake Monkes in Brekenok a Celle to
Bataile. Barnardus de novo mercatu was Founder of hit.
LLan
y Nanthonddye a Priori of Blake Chanons ftondith in the Supp«flH.
x Ones St. Deeft B. fi Ranne above the Toppe B. y LLan-
thonddye St. LLan Nanth'ondy B.
1 Paroch. z Archis. 3 ranne a yard above St. 4 [Clojifrre. Vale

TO LELAND'S ITINERARY.
tiler caullid Henddye, Slide
Vale of Ewias xiiii. Miles from ' Brekenok. But it is a no
ther Honddye then that that cummith to Brekenok. This Pri*
ori was fair, and ftoode betwixt i(. great Hilles,
For the Parte x about Honddye Slade fi it put be * likely-
hodde Hochuyfeade. almoft v. Englifch
Artures Hille is iii. good Walfehe Miles South Weft from
Brekenok, and in the veri Toppe of the Hille is a faire
Wellefpring. This Hilje of fumme is countid the hieft Hille
pf Wales, and in a veri cleere day a Manne may fee from hit
a Part of Malvern Hilles, and Gloceftre, and Briftow, and
Part of Devenfeir and Cqrnwale. Ther y other diverfe Hilles
by Artures Hille, the wich, with hit, he communely caullid
Banne Brekeniauc.
LLin Seuatham is a iiii. Myles by South South Eft from
Brekenok. It is in Bredth a Mile, and a ii. Miles of Lenght,
and wher as it is depeft a xiii. Fadom. On the one fide wel
nere the Ripe is a Kinde of Weedes that goith alonge the
LLin, wherin the Spaune hath Socur, and "alfo the greate
Fifche. At great Windes the Water doth furge ther mer-*
velufly. LLeueny cummith thorough this Lake, no great
River, and after great Raine is parfightly feene of redde Co*
lor in the middeft of the Lake. After that it is frofen and
with Thaue beginnith to breeke it makith fuch a Noife that
a Man wold thinke hit a Thunder. It berith as the princi*
pale Fifch a great Numbre of Brernes, and they 3 appere in
May in mightti Sculles. fo that fumtime they breke large
Nettes : and ons frayed appereth [not in the J'Bryme of the
Foi. 69. Watar] that Yere againe. It bereth alfo good Pikes, and
Percbesr-irt greate Numbre, Trowtes alfo, and Cheuyns by
cumming in of LLeueny.
Menne fifche there s uniligneis, and they be very narow.
The Hedde of the Lake wher LLeueny River cummith in
Michael <
is at £ Lanuihengle Kythedine,
5 tale pro- The Ende is at LLanuihengle Tale LLin.
prie fins. x Above St. fi Is B. y Be divers other B. J1 Brimme B,
i F. uncis ligneis, £ LLanuifchael Kethedine St.

I Bieknok. But. z likelyehodde. 3 appeyre. 4 Tale proprie frons. Pen-

LELAND'S ITINERARY, ^
JPenhelthle Caftel ii. Mile from Brekenok. Ther on the far
ther Side of Uske. But ther is ondy a faire Medow bytwixt
Usee and hit* Sum fay that it longgid to the Mortimer.
hyns the Lordfhip was dividid betwixt the Duke of Baking-
ham, and one of the * Herhertes of Montgomeri, But the Ca
ftel longgith to the x Herebert.
Blain LLeueni in fum auncient Writinges caullid Eueri
Caftel, and LLeueni Water caullid Eueri Brooks.
The Honor of Blain LLeueni ftand-
irig in a Valley ys In the Walfehe Tale- iii. Miles from Penkelthle,
garth, wher is yet the Shape of a veri and v. from Brekenok, and
fair Caftel rtoW dekeiyng, and by was within a Mile of the Mere.
a Borow Tpwn now alfo in Decay.
Both longgid to the Erie of Marcbe. Though Blaine LLeu
eni be in the Walfch Talegarth, yet the Tenauntes kepe the
Englifch Tenor.
LLahgors Lordfhip in Talgarth is as a Membre to BJain
LLeueny. Dinas Caftel ftondith a good Mile from Bldh LLeueni
apon a Topp of a notable Hille. It Is
now ruinus almoft to the hard Ground. The People about Dinas
TherbemanifeftTokinsofiii, Wardes did burrie binds Caftel that
Waullid abowt. And therby Was fum- • OiHe Glindour fhutd not kepe
time iii Parkes, and a Foreft. The it for his Fouteres.
Pa<rkes be down, but yet good Plenty
ii ther of redde Deere. The Tenatttes of Dinds hold ofthe
Walfch Tenor. It is ferby like; of One of the Hilies caullid
1 Cathedrales.
-Part as-fum fay of fi 3 LLinfeudton is in th Walfch Talegart,
and Part in Brekenok Lordfhip, the whiche be devidid by
* LLinftuatsn. In the Walfeh Talgar is no notable ToWn nor Caftel be-
fides thes.
LLeUeny rifith in the Walfeh Talegart hard by Blain LLeu-
.emy. In the Englifch Talegart is no notable Building but a Ktle
Prifbri by Talegarth Ghireh in the Town, and Mr. WilHdm
Vehans Efquiers Place caullid Porthamal, i. e. Porta copia, .half

* Herb^rtes 2*. fi L. LLinjeuatam.

I Hereb«rtea of. a Chathedrales, 3 TJinfeuatan, 4 Lleveny St. a Mile

fz LELAND'S ITINERARY.
a Mile irom Talegarth Chirch in the Valley. The Howfe hath
a fair Gate and a ftrong Waul embatelid.
vii. Miles Tretour, -a fmaulle Village flonding on a litle Brooke, and
ftom Bnke- witnin half a Mile of Wiske. Ther is a prety Caftel longg
ing now to the King,' and therby alfo in the Village is a fair
Place of Henry Vehan Efquier; k
Cragus Hoelinus a Mile from Cregehouel a preati Tounlet ftondith
Tretour, and iiii. Miles from as in a Valley apon Wtsk.,. but by hit is
Abergeveni. an Hille, and in the Valley hard by the
Toune is a Caftel longging ons to the
Paunsford, but now to the King.
Tretour and Creghouel fland in Eftrodewe Hundrede.
The Hay x. Miles bi eft from Preknok.
dtmut
xGUnboch a Lordfhip within a Mile of the Hay. In it is
no Market Toune nor Caftel j but at LLanigo apperith a
* A Place Tour tanquam noxiorum cuftodia deputata.
wherRuf- '•£ * Broynlles Caftel in the midde way betwix the Hay and
M*'™~ .Breknok. It ftandith in the Hundrede of Cantercely. .
Foi. 70. Buelth apon Wy is a good Market Toun, and ther is a fair
Caftel of the Kinges. This Lordefhip hath good Plenti of
Woode. ",".', ._
Llannedeu, a Mile from Brekenok, a Lordfhip of the Bis-1
fhops of S. David, wher was fumtime a y veri Place of the
Bisfhops, now no thing but an onfemeli Ruine.
The Archidiacon of Brekenok hath a Houfe evert there, and
that is alfo fallen douen for the more part. Giraldus makith
mention of this Houfe.
Ther is a LLinne yn Low Eluel within a Mile of Paynes
Caftel by the Chirch caullid LLanpeder. The LLinne a
dama
caullid IBougkllinne, and is of np great Quantite, but is plen
tiful of Pike and Perche and Eles.
, old
. . Hene Wy had a Courfe in Low Eluel not far from the

u Glendama St. male. Dama Jupra Un. omifit B. fi Broni-
cles B. y Sic Aut. & St. Very fayre Place B. % Bougdeanw
LLinne St. Loughdama LLime B. male uttrque. t Old Hene
Wy St. perperam. Chirch

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 73
Chirch of Glafebiry, but now he hath fuarvid his Courfe a
good But Shotte of. Wher of old time he ran, is now a
foole cawlhd Henewy, wher in now be greate Luces and
and 1 enchis. The Poole is of no greate Quantite. At
Clunne m the low Medow is a preati Poole wherin be eood
Luces and Tenchis.
Poole
« Loogh Tawe in Blake Montaine, wher fum fay is the
Hedde oiTawe that cummith to Swanfey, bredith no Fifche,
and if Fifch be caft into hit it dieth fhortely.
Part of Melennith is welle wooddid. the other is but fcant.
Ther is in Melennith Plenty in fum Places of Corn, and
great Plenty of Grefs. In Me'ennith is a good breed of Horfe .
on a Montain caullid Herdoel. Ther be left al maner of
Catail al Winter, and prove welle.
Comothuder is a prety Tounlet, and ther about is Plenty
of Wood. J
Honddye rifith at a Place caullid Blainhonddy, a vii. Miles Blain, a
from Brekenok, and in Brekenok Lordfhip, and rennith'iS ***'
Valley caullid Dyffrin Honddye.
Wisk rifith in Blake Montein a x.
Miles above Brekenoc toward Cairma- Sum fay that the Vers Erles
dine, and fo rennith thoroug the litle of Oxford wer caullid Autres.
t oreft and great Foreft of Brekenok, and
fo cummith thorough Redbryuu Bridge Redbreu, i. e. vadum fraclum
to Brekenok, to Aberconureg a Maner
Place of the Aubres, to Penkelthle, to Creghoel, to Abregeveni
to Uske, Cairleon, Neuport.
LLeueni rifith hard by Blainlleueni Caftel, and fo within a
Mile thorough LLin Seuathan by Broynlles Caftel, and fo by
' Glafebin into Wy at a Place caullid Abrelleueny.
Brennik rifith in one of the Hilles caullid Mennith e gader,
and rennith thorough Englifch Talegarth and by Broynlles
battel into LLeueni at Aber Brennik.
Brenych rifith a iii. Miles from Brekenok at a Place caujlid

x Loogh Poole Tawe St. * .FV thefe Words Burton to*.
In this Place grovveth Store of Hollies. See Pag. 72. in Marg.

I Glafeberi.

74 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Blain ..... and cummith into Wiske at Abrebrenych againft
Mr. Aubereis Maner.
Tertarith a great Broke rifith in the Banne Hilles a v.
Miles from Brekenok, and cummith into Uske in Brekenok
Suburbe by a Place caullid Trenewith. S. David Chirch in
the Suburbe of Brekenok ftoode ons on this Brooke, and fpillid
alluvione was remevid to an other Place. e
Foi. 71. The Hilles caullid in Wajch Munnith e gader appere in
Talegarth about Dinas, and fo to the Places about Nanthond-
dy, and with fum Part of thes Montaines meate the greate
Hilles caullid Banne Brckeniauc, and renneth in Lenght to
the Blake Montaine to my Eftimation apon an xviii. Miles.
Foi. 72. When I approchid nere the Hay, and began to difcend
from thens I faw on the hither Side of Wy a good Mile from
the Bay the Caftel of Clereho. After palling over Wy, River,
the which for lak of good Know'eg yn me of the Fourde
did fore troble my Horfe, 1 cam in crepufculo to the Hay.
The Hay ftondith hard apon Wy, and yet fheuith the To-
• ken of a right ftrong Waulle, having in hit iii. Gates and
a Poflerne. Ther is alfo a Caftel, the which fumtime hath
bene right ftately.
Within the Toune is but one poore Paroche. In the Sub
urbe hard by Wy is a Paroche Chirch meately fair. Ther is
alfo in the Suburbe a Chapel wher on a Sunday I hard Meffe.
Not far from the Paroche Chirch in the Suburbe is a great
rounde Hille of Yerth caft up by Mennes Hondes other for
a Wynd Mille to ftond apon, or rather for fum Fortres of
Bataille. The Toun of the Hay yet hath a Market, but the Toun
within the Waulles is wonderfully decaied. The Ruine is
1 adfcribed to Oene Glindour.
One fhewid me in the Town the Ruines of a Gentilmanj.
Place caullid Waulwine, be whofe meanes Prince LLuelin
was fodenli taken at Buelth Caftel, and ther beheddid, and
his Hedde fent to the Kinge.
Duleffe a prety River riling in the * Montinnes about a iii.
Myles from Hay cummeth even thorough the Toun, and
ftrait into Wy without the Eft Gate of the Town. In Feldes
hard by in Ploughyng hath be founde 3 ofttimes numifmAn

1 adfcrlbid. 1 Montamin, 3 offrimes.

Re-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 75
Romanorum, the wich ther communely be caullid the Jewis
Many. J
The Tounne longgid to the Duke of Bokingbam. It per-
teinith now to the Lord Staford his Sonne. Artures Hille,
and fumme other of the [Bank]nes veri manifeftly apere to
a Man loking out of the W[eft Gate] of Hay..
Cumming to the midde way bytwixt the Hay and Breknok
I left on the lift Honde the great Ruines of the Caftel of
Broynlles in Canterceli, and faw on the lifte Hond alfo a ii.
Miles from Broynlles on the Toppe of an Hille the Ruines
of Dinas Caftel.
And then to Brekenok, wher nere to the Toune I cam flille
doune Hilles, feing Honddye River, and the Foote enterid
into the Suburbe of Brekenok by Port Hene.
Going from Brekenok toward LLinfeuathan a ii. Miles out
g
oi Brekenok I faw the Caftel of * Penkelthle, leving it on the
lifte Honde. And at the LLinnfeuathan I faw on the right
Honde fcant a Mile of Blainlleueny Caftel.
Going from Breknok to Englifch Talgarth Chirch, and fo
to Mr. William Vehans dwelling at Porthamal I lefte, almoft
at Talgarth Chirch, Broynlles almoft a Mile on the lifte
Honde, and Dinas a ii. Miles on the right Hond.
Cumming from Brekenok toward LLanameueri within leffe
then iii. Miles I enterid into the great Foreft of Brekenok,
wher Menne of late were not wont to pafle without tollej^ Forefl:
of Mony. and fo thorough that a fi iii. to the litle Foreft, is in Walfib
leving Wisk alway on the right Hond, and about the Ende ofcaullld •M"'T
the litle Foreft I faw a litle Pile on Wiske flrongli buildid as{^er pf*"r
a Logge. The People fay ther that it was buildid of a Ladi, Maifcan.
the wich alfo buildid much of Breknok z CafteU, caullid Malt
Wa
t Albere. This was fhe that fum caul Matabrune, of whom
Saga
fo many Fables be told as of a i Wiche. And 3 about a Mile
thens I cam to Trecaftel Toune, fumtime a large Borow and
Market, now. much in Ruine, wherby yet apperith the
x Penigkelthle St*, fi Adde Myle cum St. 13 B. y L. pera.
venture. I" Wa Jupra lin. deeft in St. % Saga jupra lin.Jeeft in
St.

I peravettture. 2 Cartel. 3 about Mile.
o 2 Ruines

76 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Ruines of a Caftel. In the Botom of this Toun rennith
Luggun, a Brooke rifing a ii. Miles of in a Marifch on the
Side of an Hille, and by Trecqftel rennith into Wiske. Ther
is Buillding on the farther Side of this River hard joining to
Trecqftel, and is caullid the Bisjbops Toun, and it kepith Law-
day at LLan[dew] Lordfhip a Mile from Brekenok as Trecaftel
1 [dothe at Brekenok.]
Fcl.73. Then paffing upwarde the Hille a Mile and more I left on
u
the right Honde Munnith x de the Blake Montaine, and a ii.
Myles thens alfo on the lift Hond apperid the Place wher the
River of Wiske doth fpringe, as owt of a Fontaine or Welle
caullid Blainwiske.
The Ground from Trecaftel to LLanameueri is hilli, for the
moft part baren of Wood, but toward the Valley wherin
LLanameueri is fet meately plentefui fi oi Pafture and Corne.
And here marke that not xxx. Yeres ago ther was nother
Barley fowid in the Lordfhip of Brekenok nor LLanameueri,
' but Inhabitantes did by their Barlei owt of thePartes ot Her
fordjhire, and moche other Corne, wher as now thei have
ynough for their oune ufe and alfo to felle.
About a y iii. a this fide LLanamuery is a Rillet of veri
bare Streame, wher is a limes betwixt the Lordfhippe felf of
Brekenok and LLanameueri.
Trecaftel is a ix. Miles from Brekenok, cr and Breknok, and
LLanameueri is vi. Milis thens.
A litle or I cam to LLanameueri I paflid over a Brooke
caullid Guitherik, whos Courfe.was not long or it cam into
e
Towe not far from the Touneof LLanamuery.
Not far of this Brooke I cam over Brane River that rifith
a xii. Miles of, and cummith hard by the Foote of LLana
meueri Caftel.
And even almoft by hit paflid over the litle Brooke of
Eueri, renning thoroug the middes of the Toun of LLana
meueri. So that the Caftel hath on the one fide Brane River,
and on the other Euery Brooke.

x Den, St. fi of Pafture and Come.] So I have printed it,
tho' 'tis ff/for and in'the Orig. y Adde Myles cum St. & B. £ Sic
etiam in St. Jed and Breknok dejunt in B.
1 doith [at Brekenok.] Brane

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 77
Brane a litle beneth Caftel, and alfo Euery goith into the
e
great River of Towe.
LLanameueri a poore Market, much Handing by Repears
that cary Fifche from the Quarters of Cairmardine to the
* lowers Partes of Wales, hath but one Streate, and that
1 poorley buildid of thatchid Houfes. To the Tounlet longg-
ith on Chirch withyn, and a nother a Quarter of a Mile oute
of the Toune.
Palling owt of LLanameueri within a ii. Forow lenght I
e
rode over the River of Towe, the wiche ther oftentimes
dronith in Winter divers Menne for lakke of a Bridge, and
thens or I cam to Abremarlais iiii. Miles of I paflid over ii.
Brokes whereof the one was caullid Munneys.
Marleis Broke maketh no great Courfe, but cumming
thorough the Parke that he givith Name onto goith into Tewi.
In Marleis Parke is a welle favorid Stone Place motid, new
mendid and augmentid bi Sir Rhefe ap Thomas. Ther now
dwellithe Thomas ap Jonys an Efquier.
The Grond bytwixt LLanameueri and Abremarlais is well
wooddid. e
r I lernid at LLanameueri that Towe cummith by LLange-
< rik in Powiftand in the Lordfhip of Arnftle, and that is * fahe
L Hedde is not far thens. a
Cumming from Abremarleis a ii. Miles toward Cairmar
dine I faw on the right Hond about a iii. Miles of the de-
folate Priori of White Chanons, communely caullid fi Tal-
ley alias.
Again forward to good Miles more I rode doun into a
greate Botom wherin ranne the preti River of Dules and fo
e ,
into Towe.
But or I came into the Vale I efpied on the right Hond the
Caftel of Dineuer by Eftimation a iii. Miles of in citeriori
ripa Teuii.
From this Duleffe about a ii. Mile farther I paffid over

x Lower St. B. fi Priory of Talley Allians in ora Codicis Stove-
ani. Poft alias in Cod. B. punlia quinque ponuntur.

I poorely. a nother

7S LELAND'S ITINERARY.
a nother caullid  And a iii. or iiii. Miles
beyond that I roode over a nother Riveret caullid Dules, that
e
goith into Towe hard by Driflan Caftel.
For, 74. Dryflan (as I lernid) is as moch to fay as a Place ful of
Difficult e and Encombrance to paffe thorough .
A iii. Miles beyound this I paflid over a great Bridge,, un
der the wich rennith the fair River of Cothey and not veri far
e
into Towe.
And fo thorow a litle Valle, hi Hilles being on eche Side,
onto Abreguile a iii. Miles or more, wher is a fair Collegiate
Chirch of Prebendaries longging to S. David.
And a Mile thens to Cairmardein.
From Cairmardine to Cowen Bridge. Cowen rifith at Blain-
cowen a ii. Miles or more above the Bridge, and after into
Taue River. G
Fmm Co-wen From Duddey x r a Flint fhot of to Cartbkiny River that ren-
*?af? %¦ nith under the Townlet of fi Saind Clare.
TOlet, from thens to Whitland apon Taue uu. Miles.
But or I cam to IVhitland I paflid over the Brooke of Venny,
As I here fay ther is a Foreft by LLanandeuery.
But bytwixt Cairmardin and Whitland is in no Place fuch
Plenti of Wood as is at Whitland felf Handing in a vaft Wood
as in a Wildernes. Moch Ground otherwife and Hilles
abowt hit baren of Wood. i
From Whitland pafling toward LLanfeth half a Mile owt
of Whitland I paflid over the litle Broke of Marleis, and fo
continuing my Jorney by meane Hilles and Dales cam to
i
L Lanfefh wherby the Brsfhop of S. David's hath a Place of
Stoone after Caftel Fafcion flonding y on . Brooke
that goith to the fait Water by Penb'oke.
Bytwixt IVhitland and LLanfeth is xii. Walfehe Miles, con-
teining abowt an xviii. Englifch Miles.

a n Flint jhot] So in the Ori;'. a mark for an n being made over
the /'. tho' 1 think that it fhould be ratherj?/.'. fi Seint 'David St.
y, On a Bro'<e St. 1 flu fhot There is only a Point over the ;.
* J * Al

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
AI the hy Way betwixt Whitland and LLanfeth is almoft
'hethy, yet on everi Side fumwhat diftant I fau in VaUeis and
on Hille Sides good Corne.
But the Ground is fumwhat baren of Wood, as al Pen-
irookfeire almoft is, except wher a few Parkes be. But the
Ground in divers Partes of Penbrokefeire berith Se Coles
Wherwith communely the People make Fier and with Firres*
as thei do alfo about Cairmardine, though ther be better Plenti
of Wood. Bi one of thes Coles Pittes being a iiii. Miles
/'
from LLanfeth I cam.
Alio almoft in the midde Wai betwixt Whitland and LLan
feth I faw a Place on the right Hand as it wer a Caftd diftant
by Eftimation a iii. Miles.
And within a ii. Miles of LLanfeth on the Right Hond
I faw the Caftel of Carew repairid or magnificently build
id by « Rhefe ap Thomas. It ftondith by a Creke of Mil
ford Haven.
From LLanfeth to Penbrok is but a good Mile.
Penbroke ftandith apon an Arme of Milford, the wkh
about a Mile beyond the Towne creketh in fo that it almoft
peninfulatith the Toune that ftandith on a veri maine Rokki
.Ground. The Toune is welle waullid and hath iii. Gates by Eft
Weft and North, of the wich the Eft Gate is faireft and
ftrongeft, having afore hit a compafid .Tour not rofid, in the
entering wherof is a Portcolys ex felido ferro.
The Caftel ftondith hard by the Waul on a hard Rokke,
and is veri larg and ftrong, being doble wardid. In the utter
Ward I faw the Chaumbre wher King Henri the vii.. was
borne, in Knowlege wherof a Chymmeney is new made with
the Armes and Badges of King Henri the vii. In the Bo
tom of the great ftronge rownd Tower in the inner Ward is
a marvelus Vault caullid the Hogan. The Toppe of this
round Towr is gatherid with a Rofe of Stone almoft in co-
num, the Top wherof is keverid with a flat Mille Stone.
In the Toune be a ii. Paroche Chirchis, and one in the
Suburbe. Montaine 2- a Celle of Blak Monkes in the Suburbe is fiip-
preffid. r

79

1 Syr Rhefe. 2 a Celle to Seynt Albons St,
The

8e> LELAND'S ITINERARY.
The Toune hath bene welle x build, and the Eft Suburbe
hath bene almoft as great as the Toun, but now it is totally
yn Ruine.
Foi. 75. Cumming from LLanfeth towarde Tinbighe I rode by a
ruinus Waulle of a Parke fumtime longging to Syr Rhefe,
now voide of Dere. In the Parke is veri litle or no hye
Woode, but Shrubbis and Fyrris, like as is in the ii. Parkes
about Carew waullid with Stones.
The Chirch of S. Florein and Tounlet is in a Botom by
the Parke.
A litle beyond this as more then halfway betwixt Penbroke
and Tinbigh apperid the Caftel of Mainorpirrbe a Mile of on
the right Hande. It ftandith as it were betwixt to pointing
Hillettes, betwene the wich the Severn Se gulfith in almoft
the length of a Quarter of a Mile.
Thens to Tinbigh.
1 Tinbigh Town ftondith on a main Rokke, but not veri hy,
and the Severn Se fo gulfeth in about hit, that at the ful Se
almoft the thirde Part of the Toune is inclofid with Water.
The Toune it ftrongeli waullid, and welle gatid, even Gate
having his Portcolis ex folido ferro. But that Gate that ledith
to Cairmardin ward is moft femelieft, as circulid without
with an embatelid but open rofid Towr, after the Fafcion
of the Eaft Gate of Penbroke. Without this Gate is a preti
Suburbe. In the Middes ofthe Town is a faire Paroche Chirch.
The Toun it felfe lakkith frefch Water, wherfore utuntur
importata. From Tinbigh I went to the Cole Pittes on a Hille Topp
ii. Miles of, not far from the Severne Shore. And a good
Mile beyond them I roode thorough a Wood not veri greate,
but yet the faireft that I remembre that I faw in Penbrokfhire.
Thens I enterid again into Whitland Way.
The nereft Trajeclus into * Caldey is almoft in the midde
Way bytwixt Mainorpirrbe and Tinbighe at a Poynlet, and ther
it is litle above a Mile.
Beinge againft Mainorpirrbe I faw Lundey lying far of in the
Severn Se.

x Buyldyd St. B.
1 Dinbigh Town, a Caldey is 2 Iflands St. in the Margin.
Cumming

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 81
Cumming from Cairmardine toward LLandewibreui, a Mile
owt of Cairmardine, I paflid over Guily River, and fo folouid
theCurfe of hit, having yt in fighte by the Riding of iiii. or
v. Miles, marking divers litle Brokes going into hit as into
the Botom of the Valley.
Then riding per aliquot miliaria I began to fe Tyue River,
and kept it ftil in fight, riding flille by Stony Hilles and
Valleys, and pafling thoroughe a Wood of Okes caullid
 ahd after by a prety LLin on the right Hond
cawllid Gogurne, and fo leving alfo hard on the right Hond
Pencragan, a Rokke fo caullid bycawfe it is a rounde coppid
Hil of Stonis, cam a litle of into a. vile Cotage Handing in
a Vale by Tiue to bayte.
Thens I rode to LLandewy breui v. Miles of, r J • r
betwixt the which Places I faw a prety LLin , ^ana™»? a^T
not far from Tyui fide caullid LLinpeder, fum- 'a?' c-\Tl
what bigger then LLingogurn ; but I faw out of byc™ie lt »°naW
neither of them any notable Iflue of Water. on BraV Brooke'
I faw alfo a Bridge or ii. over Tiue.
Landewi brebui is but a fimple or poore * Village. I paflid
over a litle Broke to entre into hit. It \s fet among Mon
taines on * every but by Weft, wher is the Valley of * Tiue.
Tiue River is about half a Mile of. The Collegiate Chirch
of Prebendaries ftandith fumwhat <rpon a hy Ground, but it is
rude. Thens to Tregaron ii. Miles, wher is a Chirch flandin
apon a round Coppe of caft Yerth.
By rennith a Broke caullid ....
So pafling under a hy Hille fide, I faw hard by on the lift
Honde a great Fenny More, owt of the wich the Inhabi-
tantes therabout digge Turfes for Fier, and by the fame
Fenne is a fair LLin .cawllid LLinridde ii. Miles from U-inrithti
Strateftur. Stratefture is fet round about with
Montanes not far diftant, except on fi Stratfter oi fum caullid
the Weft Parte, wher Diffrin Tyue is. bycaufe  bytwixt
Many Hilles therabout hath bene well it and Flere Brokes. of fum

x Adde Side, fi Theje broken Word's in the Marg. are wanting
in St. cif B.

i Village in Cardiganfliire St. 2 Tyve,
Vol. 5. P woddid

82 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
... it ftode in the woddid, as evidently by old Rotes ap
perith, but ' [now in them is almoH
no Woode.]
Foi. 76, The » Cauffes be thefe ; Firft the Wood cut doun Was nevei
copifid, and this hath beene a great Caufe of Deftrudion of
Wood thorough Wales. Secondly after cutting doun of
Wooddys the Gottys hath fo bytten the young Spring that
it never grew but lyke Shrubbes. Thirddely Men for the
nonys deftroied the great Woddis that thei fliuld not hari
borow Theves. . . ,
The Chirch of Sfrateft 'ere is larg, fide
The Fundation of the Bo- ilid and crofie ilid. By is a large Cloy-
dy of the 3 Chirch was made fter. the Fratry and Infirmitori be now
to have bene 60. Foote lengg- mere Ruines. The Ccemiteri wherm
er then it is now. the Cunteri about doth bun is veri
large,and meanely waullid with StOone.
In it be Xxxix. great Hue trees. The bafe Court or Camp
afore the Abbay is veri fair and large.
Thens I went a good half Mile by Tiue Vale, and a Mile
and a half up the craggi and floni Montaines to * LLin Tiue,
pafling over Ciarduy
and ii. Miles beyound x hit to Cregnaulin. If I had goone
from thens a Mile of to a hy Hille I might have fene Penlin-
inon, then diftant a v. Miles. The Hilles bytwyxt s LLinne,-
Tyue and' Cragnau'gllin were not in fight fo ftony as the Hilles
6 bytwixt Stratfter and LLin Tpe.
I Handing on'Crgggenaugllin faW in no Place within fight '
no Wood but al Hilly Paftttres.
From Strdteflere I roode by rank, hylli and valley Paftures
fc> a "• Walfehe Miles, and fo pafling over Maknant a wild
Brooke l'erming on Rokkes and a nother whos Name I re
membre not, cam to the thirde caullid Nantlluys, and therby
on the right Hond I faw an Hille caullid Crag John, and.fo
over Mdewen River that therby in fight went ynto Ufe-
with River.
Or I cam to Mdewen I had riden 7 be the Space of a in,
Miles in Comeuftwith.

x Voces jupra tin. dejunt in St. & B.

1 [now in them is] almSfte no Wood, a Caufes be ties. 3 Chrichi 4 Llin
Tyue. 5 Llimie Tyue an Cragnaugllin. 6 bytttix. 7 bi the. From

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 83
from. Mdewen I enterid to the Valley of Uftwith, fo na-
rowly with Rokky Montaines endofid, that in Wynter the
Strejme occupieth al the Botom of the Vailey.
Firft entering this Botom I faw on the right Hond an Hille ^4
caullid * Menitheny. Toward Cregnaullinn.
The firft River be fide Tyue that I paflid over was Clardue,
that is to fay Blak Clare, no great Streame but cumming-8^ c!ar*-
thoroug Cragges. In the farther Side of hit I faw ii. veri
poore Cot-agi's' far Somer Dayres for Catel. and hard by were
&. Hillettes, thorough the wich Clarduy paflith, wher they
fable that a Gigant finding was wont to wafch his Hondes,
and that Arture killid hym. The Dwellers fay alfo that the
Gigant was buried therby, and fhew the Place.
Glarduy rifith about half a Mile from that Place in * a Mares, White Cler.
and rennyng ii. Walfeb Milys in al goith into Clarwen. Clar-
wen rifith in a Valley not far from LLinynigin Velen, that is a
good Mile from Cargnaullinn. After that Clarwen hath re-
ceiyid Clarduy he rennith a iii. Miles or he cum into Alen
River far bigger River then other of fi ther of the Clars.
Alen River rifith in the blain or upper Part of Comeuft-
with in Cairdiganjhire, and renning iiii. Walfch Miles cum-^
mith into Owy, caullid in Englifch Wy, a litle beneth Rather
gowya Market Toun yn Comemytother. It is caullid Rather
'Owy bycanfe it ftondith ©n Wy River. But or ever I cam to
Clarduy, that is about a iii. Mile from Yftradfler, I paflid per
Monies praruptas, per paludes & invia Saxa, and cam to
LLin Tyue, the wich is in Cumpace a iii. Quarters of a Mile,
being Ii. Miles be Eaft from Strateftere.
It is fedde fro hyer Places with a litle Broket, and iffueth
out againe by a fmaulle Gut. Ther is in it veri good Trouttes
and Elys? and noe other Filch.
From Clarduy to Cragnaullinn is a good Mile by Eft, and
Handing by a Stone on the Top of this Hille I faw v. Poolis
by 2 South Weft, wherof the biggefl is %LLinn Heligna, y Short
er Lignante, having no other Fifch but Trouttes and Elys.

x Marifhe St. fi Them for ther in St. Of ther are wanting
iVBurton. y Short St: & B.

1 Merythduy St. 2 South Wefle. 3 Llinn Helignant St.
p2 One

84 LELAND'S ITINERARY-
Foi. 7> One Side ofthe * Poole, that is the South Side, hath Trouttes
as redde as Salmon. The Weft Side hath white, likewife as
hath LLin Tyue. This Pole is feene to be fedde with no
Brooke, and hath a Brooke iffuing out of hym of his oune
Name, and cummith into Tyue in the Weft Side of Tyue half
a Mile above Stradfter.
LLinnher, i. longus lacus, for it is iii. Quarters of a Mile
in lenght, having no great Bredthe nor Ifliie of Brok owt of
hit, but plentiful of Trouttes and Elys.
LLinn Gorlan hath no Iffue, but berith Elys and Trouttes.
LLingronn hath an Iffue, and femid to me hard yoinid to
LLin Gorlan.
LLin Tyue the fifte apperid alfo from Cragnaulin, but di
ftant a Mile from the other iiii.
Nere about the Cragnaulin Stone apperid other iii. Pollis.
LLin Veryddon Vaur havyng Trouttes and Elis but no
Broke cumming into hit or going owt.
1 LLinn Veryddon Vehan having Trouttes and Elys, but no
Brok cumming into hit or going owt.
x2 Dinduy, i.e. lacus niger, even under the Botom of the
Hille Side having Trouttes and Elys but no Broke cumming
into hit or going oute.
e
LLinynigin Velin that is a Mile from the Stone by South
Weft. Tnigin is to fay a quaking More. Velen is yelow of
the Color of the Moffe and corrupt Greffe about hit.
Of al thes Pooles none ftondith in fo rokky and ftony Soile
as Tyue doth, that hath alfo withyn hym many Stonis.
The Ground al about Tyue, and a great Mile of toward
Stratfter is horrible with the fighte of bare Stones, as Creg-
eryri Montaines be.
LLinne 
L«us Petri- + LLinnllanabeder within half a Mile of LLanbeder having
Trouttes and Elys.
th
5 LLinnyrydde having Trouttes and Elys [ftandinge by a

x. Dinduy] L. Linduy.

th
I Pooles. 2 Linn. 3 Linduy. 4 Linnllanabeder. 5 Linnyrydde  •
Handing by a great Fen yn . . . , . bitwix.

mis.

great

LELAND'S ITINERARY. *$
great ' Few * on themia wos, it wy] . . , . . .-•>..,
Thes iiii. Poles, be in the Lordfhip of Pennarth longging
to the principal ofthe Hogbans. The chefe Toun of this
ch
Lordfhip being in Cairdiganjhire is Tregaron, But the Ab-
bate of Strateftere hath much Landes in the fame Lordfhip,
and thes iii. Pooles longe to the Abbat of Stratftere.
LLin Tridde ii. Miles from Strateftere owt of whom goith
a litle Iffue or Broket. I writ of this afore.
LLinycregnant a bigge Poole veri ful of Trouttes and Elys.
It is from Strateftur a iii. by Weft toward LLanandeuery,
LLinne duy, i. lacus nigvr, very deape and ful of Trouttes
and Elys. It is iii. Miles by South from Strateftur toward
Buelth Lordfhippe.
* LLinnygorres, not ii. Miles from LLindiiy. Gorjfe in Walfehe,
a Myer in Englifch. It hath Trouttes and Elys.
Al thes that be byfore fave LLinn LLanabeder3 and al thes
that folow long to the Abbat of Strateftere.
LLinngynon apon a hy Montaine iiii. Miles from Strate-
jlure by South Weft, having Trouttes and Elys, and a litle
Iffue owt of hit, and goith into the Broket that cummith owt
of LLin Helignant. th
LLinn Creg lloydon v. Myles or vi. from Stratfter toward
Poyfland. It hath an Iffue that goith into Elan or Alan Wa
ter, that goith into Wy.
LLin Winge is almoft yoinid to LLinncreglloydon, but it
hath no Iffue,
The River of Alan in the next Part of hit is viii. Miles Foi. yt.
from Strateftere, and ther parteth Cairdiganjhire from the
Lordfhip of Rather or Comemytother. Rather is the chefe
Toun yn Comytother.
Al the Montaine Ground bytwixt Alen and Stratefluri
longgeth to Stratefteere, and is almofte for wilde Paftures and

x I have put Points under- thefe Words, which I took from Stowe,
becauje they are corrupted. In B. they are read thus : in the midde
way betwixt 

I Fenn St. 2 Linnygorres. Bre-

$& LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Breding Grounde. in fa much that '.even Man there about
puftith * mBeftes as many, a? %hef wylle •without paiyiig cJ
Mony„, 
From Stratefltr toward Lanandeuem is;xviii. Miles, ofthe
wrich xii- Miles of Montaifl Grounde partely Failure SoyJt
partely x longgith to' Strateftere^. and ther about parti th Cairdi-
gdnjhire from Cafrmar-dineflsire. For therby hath Stratefler
a Graunge caullid Nantbay in CairmarSneJhire.^
Strateftur is xx. Walfch Miles from; Mahenclif, and al ths
Soile bytwyxt is Montanius fut of Pafture for a xvi. Miles,
but within a iiii. Myles of2 Mahon Wooddy.
¦ From Stratefler to LLangyric (fanum Cyriaci) xii. Miles.
LLangyrik is in Arnfteley Lordfhip in Poiftawl. Wy renning
therby devidith Cairdiganjhire from Powifiand'e. Of thefe
xii. Miles viii. be Montainous Ground longging to- Stratefler,
al for Pafture.
: Betwixt Stratefler and fi Biielth Toun xvi. of thes be vi.
in Cairdiganfhire, • the wich y the wiche" Towe River devidith
from Cairdiganjhire. Al this vi. Miles is montayne Ground
for Pafture, and longgith to Strateflure Abbay. but the Par
fturesof thes Hilles be fre to the Inhabitantes, as ytrell as al
ether montaine Pafture longging to Strateftere.
The Paftures ef the Montaynes of Cairdiganjhire be fi
great that the hunderith part of hit rottith on the Ground,
and maketh Sogges and Quikke More by long Continuaunce
for lak of Eting of hit.
• Afore the new Ade LLanduebreui was a feparate Lord
fhip, limes on. the one fide to Cairmardinfeire, on the other
£de to Cairdiganjhire.
From 3 Strateftur to Cairdigan xxx. but caullid xxviii.
Tiue devidith toward the Mouth Penhrokfeir from CairM-
gflnjhire. From Cairdigan to Aberuftwitb a * Market Toun ons waul
lid £xxx.
From Aberuftwitb to Aber deuy vi. Miles. Deuy devidith
Cairdiganjhire from Merionii-hjhire in North Wales.

x Sic. fi Buelth Lordlhip and Toune 1 6. Miles. Of thefe
6. be in Cairdiganfhire, &c. y Redundant. Is Adde Miles cum
St. fcfB. & fee pauHo fuperius.

x on Belles. 2 Mahenclifie B. Manendi St. 3 Stratflur. 4 Malcet. Ma-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. fy
Maftendif in Poifland vi. Miles from Aberdeui*
LjUandewibreui xxiiii. Miles frOrh Cairdigan.
The Abbat of Whitdand ibid me a meri Tale of one that foi. 79.
purchafid a Licens by a Color of ii. Rivers about Powyfeand,
of the -wich (as I remember) fbtmdid that in Walfch, that is
in Englifch., a Hogge of m. Teres', and the others Hogge of
Hii Teres. " 6& J
Ther. hath beene in Times pafte a greate Mine Digging
for Leade in Comeuftwith a1 vi. Myles from Strateftur, ,whe?
is a Graunge longging tb Straiejlure. But « film Menne fup-
pofe that it fefid, bycaWfe the Wood is fore waftith.
A Monke of Strateftur told me that for a terrenty Newport
in' Kemmifland is caullid Iredmith in Walfch.
Ther is a Chirch caullid LLcmfanfride vii. Miles from
Aberuftwitb Upper to Cairdigan on the Se Side, and ther
hath bene great Building. But Wither this was the Abbay of
LLanfride of the wich mention is made in the Booke Je
Dotatione Ecclefia S, Davidis, or no, I can not telle,
Ther "is_ a nother LLanfanfrid in Comytotber, and peraven-
-ture this is that Lhanfarfride Nunneri made in a newer
World, of the which Giraldus fpekith.
Ther hath bene great Building at LLanruftyt, a Mile lower
on the Se Banke then LLcmfanfride in Cairdiganjhire, abd
fum fuppofe that ther hath bene a Nunnery.
. Uftwiih rifith owt of a * Mares Grounde caullid Blaine
UJtvJiih iii. Miles from fi LLa'ngibike on Wy. It is in Come
uftwith, and fo rennith good vi. Miles thorough Co~meuftw.ith,
and a vi. or vii. mo Miles to Abreuftwith.
Tyue rennith from the Hedde ftil almoft playne Weft crn^ «£-|
tille he touchith Within a vi. Miles of Cairmardin, and then ^"^
turneth toward the Northe.
_ iT'owe rifith a iiii. Myles by South from LLinntyue in a Mo-
Hfch Ground, and hath no LLin at his Hedd, and by Efti-
hiation rennith a XXii. Miles Or he cum to LLanamdeuery.
He firft rennith fumwhat by South, and then a greate way
1 by Weft, ^rid at the laft turneth againe toward South.
So about the Midle of this Wftwitb Botom that I ridde Foi. 80,
yn, being, as I geffe a iiii. Miles yn lenght, I faw on the right -\^
Hond on a Hille fide Clothmoyne, wher hath bene great
« Marifh B. fi LLangirik B.
 *  1 — — ' " — * • - ¦-

1 famine, a biWeft. Dig-

88 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Digging for Leade, the melting wherof hath deftroid the
Wooddes that fumtime grew plehtifulli therabout. I hard
a mervelus Tale of a Crovy fedd by a Digger there, that
tooke away his x fedd Purfle, and wille the Digger folowid
the Crow for his Purs, the refidew of his felows were opprefV
fid in the Pitte with a Ruin.
So leving Uftwith Botom, and taking up a hy Hille I cam
a Mile of to a Place wher I faw a great grene Place in a
Botom, owt of the wich Morifch Plot Uftwith doth rife, and
withyn a flit Shot ofthat I faw an other like Plot, owt of
the wich fpring a litle Riveret cumming to Wy that ranne a
good Mile beneth in a Botom.
So pafling over Wy, and fi ftiyng up a ' Hill I lokid bak and
, vuyd * Penlimnmon the Hed of Wye. It femid to me a veri hy
Montaine, and was diftant by geffe a vi. Miles.
From Strateftere to this Place I faw almoft nother Wood
nor Corne, but after the Soile waxid ftil pleafant, having fair
Medows, Corne and Wood. So to LLan Kirik apon Wy a good
There is not ii. Miles be- Mile of, and ii. Miles by Corne, Wood
twixt the Streames of Wy and and Medows to LLan Tdlas on St-
Severn. ""em.
Sum Brokettes were bytwixt, but of fmaulle name.
To LLan dynnan iiii. Miles of on Severn by good Corne
Ground and Medows with veri much Plenti of Woodde.
And like in the v. Miles to Newton, wher at one Side, of
the Toune cummith a litle Brooke ynto Severn.
And yn like forme 3 the [y vi.Myles
Bytwixt Newton and Mont- to Montogmmrye.]
gomery I faw on the lift Hond Going from Montgomerik to the
apon a Woodd Hille Topp Walfehe Poole a v. Myles of I paflid
the Waulles now ruinus of over a Forde of Severn. The Soile be-
Taluarran Caftel. twixt thes to Tounnes lakkith nother
Corne nor Woode, but the Grounde
about the Bankes and Valley of Severn there is moft pleafaunt.
The Toune it felf of the Walfch Pole is of one Paroche
wd buildid after the Walfeh Fafcion. Gledding a Riveret

x Feeder'; B. fi Strivinge B. y V. Burton,
i Hil. s Penllimnmon, 3 the [vi] Myles to Mont[gornmrye.l cum-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 89
cummith almoft by the Chirch, and fo to Severn that is a
, . . ' ... , , * of,
Caftel Cough, in Englifch Redde Caftel,
ftandith on a Rokke of darke, redde By the Caftel is a faire
colorid Stone. It hath ii. feperatid palid Park.
Wardes, wherof the one was the Lord BituixttheTounneandOJ-
Duddeleys. Now both long to the ftel Gough is a preati LLin or
Lord Powys. Poole wherof the Toun takith
From the Walfehe Poole to Albert- Name.
byri a vii. Miles, Hilly. The Soile is Wooddy, the Valley
Corneful. By the Hillis I paflid over iii. or iiii. preaty
Brookis, whos Names I know not.
And wille I paflid this way within a iii. Miles of Walfch
Pole I faw a veri notable Hille beyound the Valley on the
lift hond having iii. Toppes as iii. Heddes rifing owt of one
Body. Thes Toppes I firft efpied a fronte about Neuton a
xiiii. Miles of, and after Shreusbiry and White Chirch paflid, a
xvi. Miles of I faw them againe a tergo.
By this Hille I roode by the_lenght of a iii. Miles, one of
x Toppes wherof being hyeft is caulid Molegolua, the wich
is countid a limes of the fartheft Part N ^ {iQm ^ HffleB
of Powifeand that way. The fecunde is ^.^ ^^ Sq {her be
nj t> -../.• u • ¦ n n j limitesof. . . . Pois,Caurf-
cauliid Brtthin, being in Caur eland. , , , „7 . n ¦ ¦"
t-u xt r ;i .!.• j r 1 J land, and Shropjhire.
Ihe Name of the third 1 know not, ' rJ
but communely thei be caullid Brethin Hilles.
By Alberbyri Chirch in Sbropjhir appere the Ruines of
Fulke Guarine, the Noble Warriars Caftel, and leffe then a
Mile of was album Monafterium, fi where is buried .....
fuppreflid for Chicheles College in Oxforde.
Bytuixt Albertbiri and Shreusbiri a vi. Miles of Ground
plentiful of Corne, Wood and Pafture.
From Shreusbiri to Haghmon Abbay of Blak Chanons ii.
Miles. Within iii. Quarters of a Mile leving Severn on the
right hond I enterid into a Woodde, and fone after over a
Broke that iffueth thoroug Penlefmere, and fone after goith
into Severn.

x The Topps St. B. fi Where he is buried, fuppreflid for
fcf>. B.

I feconde.
Vol. 5. q Thens

9o LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Foi. 81. Thens ridyng partely thorough Morifch Grounde and Pa*
fture I cam to Morton Corbet Village, wher I faw a fair Ca*
ftel of Mr. Corbettes, and a ii. Miles beyohd that I paflid Over
Roden Riveret, rifing not faf above Went Village, a Mile
from that Place.
Mr. Sanford hath a Place And fo a v. Miles to Price a litle
and a fair Poole by yt in a Thoroug-fate a vii. Miles of, the Way
Wood. fide, a Mile and a half being fumwhat'plaine, hethy* and parte-*
from Pryce. ly fruteful of Corne. So to Whitchirch
by meately fruteful, fandy Ground a ilL Mylis. At the hi
ther Ende of Whitchirch is a veri faire poole, having Bremes,
h^y-- Pikes, Tenches, Perches and Daces, the wich except Bremes
be the commune Fifches of al the Pooles of Shropjhire, x Che
fter and Lancaftrejhire \ in fum be alfo Trouttes.
The Tounne of Whitchirch in Shropjhire hath a veri good
Market. And there in the Paroche Chirch is buried Syr Gil
bert Talbot.
From Whitchirch a Mile and a half of I cam by the Pale
of the large Parke of Blakmer longging to the Erie of Shreus
biri, wherin is a very fair Place of Loge. The Park hath
both redde Dere and falow. In the Park (as I hard fay) be
iii. faire Poles, of the wich I faw by the Pale the largeft
caullid Blakein, wherof the Parke is namid.
1--^ It is to be fuppofid that thes Pooles for the moft part in
^"^^ " Morifch Grouiides, and lying fumwhat in low Groundes
dreane the moift Places about themj and fo having no Place
to iffue owt ftagne there.
. Sum be likelyhod have begon Of Marie Pittes. For the
Sandy Grounde of fum Partes of Shropjhire, and especially
of Cheftrejhire and Lancaftrejhire, wille not bere Corne plen
tifully but it be [merlyd]
Sum Pooles peraventure hath g[atheryd} .... and
Water, wher greate plenty [of Turves)
Within halfa Mile otBlak- and Petes hath bene diggid.
mere Park I cam by Merby From Blakemere to Byklem in a Foffe
Paroche, wher the Chirch is iii. Miles of Sand hard by Cholmeley. firft
fet in a Botom betwixt too I faw the great numbre of[ Firre Trees,}
goodly Meres or Pooles. the wiche the Inhabitantes therby
communely digge up for Fier Wood,

» Chefliire B.
i Morefch. but

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 91
fettf ther djd I fe no Fyrre Trees grouing. Oftentimes in
diggin in this Moffe or More for Petes or Turves they finde
the hole Trees of the firft, fum fhort and fum veri long,
without Twike or Bow, lying fumtime not a Foote, fumtime
iii. or iiij. Foote depe in the Ground, but how or when
thes Trees cam doune other be Cutting or Wind Faulle no
Manne * ther can telle. The Wood of them in Burning fa-
vofith of Refine.
Hard on the right bond pafling by this Moffe almoft to
Mfilfs in lenght I faw a greate Wood of Mr. Cholmeleys, and
at the farther Ende of this Moffe was a Chapel ,of Woode,
and in the Botom hard by was Mr. Cholmeleis Place, a fair
Building of Tymbre, and motid about with the Water of a
Poole.
, From thens to Riile Parke about half a Mile, wher hard
by (the Parke is a right goodly Houfe of Stone and Tymbre
buildid by S^r William of Stsndeley, that much favorid King
Henri the vii. Parte at Bojworth Fedd. King Henri the
•vii, gave this Place after to one of the
Egertons. From thens to a Place of At Ridle Place is a Mere of
Mr. Spurftow caullid Spurftow, made Pikes, Bremes, Tenches and
of Stone and Tymbre, and therby is a Perches, half a MileinBredth,
large Poole, cumpafing the Howfe on and a Mile and a half in lenght,
the one fide. About that Howfe I faw countid for the faireft Mere
in the Feldes mervelus good Corne and of Cheftrejhire.
Paftures. And leffe then a Quarter of a Mile from that Place is a
greate redy Poole, whither an innumerable fight of Stares
•refort at night-
From thens to Bumberi half a Mile.
At Bumbiri is a very faire Collegiate x Within a Mile raid an half
Chirch? endowid by old tyme by Syr of Bumberi is Pecfordton a
Hvghe Caheley Knight. goodly Lordfhip having a
Thens I ridde to Northwich x. Miles great Houfe of Stone now
of alwayes by Sandy Grounde, leving 
iii. Miles from Bumbyri Syr John Downe .,.,.."
Knightes Houfe, half a Mile ,on the

. Theje broken Words in the Marg. are wanting in St.

1 there can. lift
q2

92

Foi. 82.

Wherof one is neere Vale
Roial, as within a Mile, cawl-
lid Pety Pole though it be
greate. There is a Place in the Fo
reft of Delamer cawllid the
vii. Loosi wher be feene vii.
tc cafte Dikes. The People there
fpeke much of them. I think
that they were made by Men
of Warre,

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
lift Honde in the Entering of the Foreft of Delamere, 'the
wich fum way [is xii. Myles in lenght, or more ; but I
rydde by it] not paft the lenght of vi. or vii. Miles, and en
tering a ii. Miles within the Foreft having redde Deere and
Falow I paflid over a litle Brooke caullid Sanddiford,
Betwixt Sanddyford and Northwiche I
faw divers Pooles in the Foreft, and to
ward the Ende ofthe Foreft I ' lokid to
ward * Valle Royal on the right hond,
about the wich Place be divers fair and
large Pooles.
In the Foreft I faw but litle Corne,
bicaufe of the Deere.
And as I roode I marked the Foreft
Ground on the right Hond to be plaine
Make Hethi Grounde, and on the lifte
Hond to be fumwhat Hilly and
Wooddy.
Northwich is a prati Market Toune but fowle, and by the
Salters Howfes be great Stakkes of fmaul clovyn Woode to
fethe the Salt Water that thei make white Salt of.
The Salt Water Pitte is harde by the Brinke of Dane Ri
ver, the wich within a good But fhott beneth runnith into
Wyver. Avon the Bank, betwixt the Salt fpringging Pitte and Dane
River, I faw Congleton, a Market Toun x. Miles of, and
Maxwel Foreft therby.
Ther be ii. Salt Springges at Middlewicb, that ftondith, as
I remembre, apon Dane River, and one at Nantwich, the
wich yeldith more Salt Water then the other iii. Wherfore
ther be at Nantwich a iii. hunderith Salters.
The Pittes be fo fet abowte with Ca-
nales that the Sake Water is facily de-
rivid to every Mannes Howfe.
And at the Nantwiche very many Ca*
nales go over Wyver River for the Com-
modite of deriving the Water to the
They fethe the Salt

A Mile from Cumbremere
Abbay in time of Mind fank
3 a Peafe of a Hille having
Trees on hit, and after in that
Pitte fprang Salt Water, and
the Abbate ther began to make

Salters Troughs.

x Sic. F, Cattle Dikes.

I lookid. 1 Valle Ryal. 3 a peace of.

Water

Wichis componid with the
Abbay that ther fhould be no
Salt -made. The Pitte yet
hath Salt Water, but much
Filth is faullen into hit.

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 9$
Water in Furneffes of Lede, and lade Salt, but the Menne of the
out the Salt, fome in Cafes of Wiker,
thorough the wich the Water voydith,
and the Salt remaynith. Ther be alfo
a ii. or iii. but veri litle Salt Springs at
Dertwiche in a low Botom, were fum-
times Salt is made. Dertwich is a Mile
and a half from Malpafs Village wher Syr Randal of Brere-
ton dwellith.
Cumming from Northwiche toward Manchefter at North-
wich Toune I paflid over a . Riveret, and thens riding a v.
Miles be Cawfe way I rode over Waterleffe and Pyverey River
. that be lykelihodde refort to Wyver. and yn this way x, I
cam by a Park on the lifte Hond, wher
Mr. Leyrceftre dwellith. And a iiii.
Miles farther I cam by a Parke on the
lifte hond wher Mafter Boutb dwellith,
and aboute that Place by good Culture
is made veri good Corne Ground,wher
fumtime was very fernny and commune
Grounde. Rejlcn Mere
And therabout by Rofton Chirch on ford Bridg on Merfey I cam
the right Hond is a Poole of a ii. or iii. over the prati River of Bolyn,
Miles in lenght, very plentiful of Fifche.
A iii. Miles of I rode over Merfey
Water by a great Bridge of Tymbre
caullid Crosford Bridge.
This Water of Merfey to the veri maine Se departith
Gbeftrefeire and ' Lancaftrejhire, So about a iii. Miles to
Mancheftre, in the wich way firft I left Syr Alexandre. Rad-
lift hond over Ivwel
cliffes Parke and Houfe on the y right Hond. But or I faw that

Here about in a Moffe is
Fyrre Woodde.
fi Table Mr. Leyrceftre Place.
Dunham Majffe the name of
Mr. Bouth Howfe in his
Parke. Within a iii. Miles oiCros-

that, as I lernid, rifith about
Maxwel Foreft, and goith a
good way byneth Crosford
Bridge into Marfey".

x I cam by Tabley Parke on the1 left hand, where Mr. Leicefter
dwelleth, and a 4. Miles further I came by Dunham Majfe Parke
on the left hand, where Mr. Bothe dwelleth, and about that Place
by good Culture is made very good Corne Ground, &c. B. fi Thefe
3. Paragraphs in the Marg. are we.nting in St. y Defunt voces Ju
pra tin. in St. iff B.

1 Lancaftrafhir,

I paflid

$£ LELAND'S ITINERARY.
I paflid over Corne Brgoke, and* after I touchid wkhyfl a
good Mile of Mancheftre by Mr, Traiford's Park and Place , .
And after on the lift hond I faw Mr. Preftwikes Place on
the lift Hond over Irwel, wherby the Lord of Darby hath a
Place, and a Parke caullid Alparte Parke. Here about I paf-
fid over Medlok River, and fo within . lefte then a Mile to
Mancheftre. Manceftre on the South Side of Irwel River ftondith in
Salfordjhiret, and is the faireft, beft buildid, quikkeft, and
jaoftpopulus Tounne of al Lancaftrejhire,. yet is in hit but one
Paroch Chirch, but is a College and almoft thoroughowt
doble ilyd ex quadrat* lapide durijjime, wherof a goodly
Quarre is hard by the Towne. Ther be divers Stone Bridgis
in the Toune, but the beft of iii. Arches is over Irwel. This
Sdfod &**&£? devidith Mancheftre from Salford, the wich is as a
Bridge. krge Suburbe to Mancheftre. On this Bridg is a praty Title
Chapel. The next is the Bridge that is over Htrke River, on
3* the wich the fair buildid College ftandith as in the veri Point
of the Mouth of hit. For hard therby it rennith into Wyver.
On Hirk River be divers fair Milles that ferve the Toune.
In the Towne be ii. fair Market Placys.
And almoft ii. flyte Shottes withowt the Towne beneth
&n the fame Syde of Irwel yet be feene the Dikes and Fun-
dations of x Old Man Caftel yn a Ground nowinclofid.
The Stones of the Ruines of this Caftel wer tranflatid to
ward making of Bridgges for the Toune.
It is ? not long feafbn fins the Chirch of Mancheftre
was collegiatid.
The Toun of Mancheftre ftondith on a hard Rokke of
Stone, -els Jrwei as wel apperith in the Weft Ripe had beene
noiful to the Toune. . '
Irwel is not navigable but in fum Places for Vadys and
Rokkes. Cumming from Mancheftre toward Morle, Syr William
Lelandes Howfe, I paflid by enclofid Grounde, partely pa-
fturable, partely fruteful of Corne, leving on the lift Hand
a Mile and more of a fair Place of Mr. Lmgferdes, caullid

x Ould Manchefter B.

I no long feafon. Age-

LELAND'S I-TINERARY. 95
Agecfofi, and there is a Bridge veri hy and greate off Tym
bre on Irivel, and thereby is Pilketon Park, and therin is a
Stone HoWfe of the Pylketons attayntid by King Henry the
vii. and givin to the LOrde of Darby* And within a ii.
Miles Of Marie on the fame hand not far of a Place of Ma
tter Wtrfeley of the Bouthe.
And fo within a Mile and fumwhat more of Mr. Leland's
Anding
Place I cam Over Hiding Brooke that ther feperatith S&l-
fordjhire from Darby/hire.
Morle (in Darby/hire) Mr. Lelandes Place is buildid faving
the Fundation of Stone fquarid that rifith within a great
Moote a vi, Foote above the Water, al of Tymbre after the
cummune forte of building of Houfes of the Gentilmen for
x moft of Lancaftrejhire. Ther is as much Pleafur of Orch-
ardes of great Varite of Frute and fair made Walkes and
Gardines as ther is in any Place of Lancaftrejhire. He bren-
nith al Turfes and Petes for the Commodite of Moffes and
* Mores fi at hand. For Chateley Moffe that with breking up
of Abundance of Water yn hit did much hurt to Landes
thereabout, and Rivers with wandering Moffe and corrupte
Water is within lefte than a Mile of Morle. And yet by
Morle as in Hegge Rowes and Grovettes is meately good
Plenti of Wood, but good Husbandes keepe hit for a
Jewel^ .
Syr John Holcroftes Houfe within a Mile or more of Morle
ftoode in jeopardi with fleting of the Moffe.
Morle ftondith in Leghe Paroche a Mile and more from the
Chirch. Riding a Mile and more beyond Morle I faw on the right
hond a Place nere by of Mr. Aderton, and fo a ii. Miles of
to Lidiate Mojfe, in the right fide wherof my Gide faid that
ther were Rootes of Fyrre Wood.
Abowt this Moffe I began to fe a Hille or Hilles on the
right Hond that ftil continuid on the fame hand as a mighty
long bank ontil I cam to Lancaftre. One Part of this Hille
wher I faw it firft is caullid Faierlokie, But communely

it The moft Part of Lane after jbire B. ft Neere at hand B.

Mores arc his St,

the

96 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
* Stonding on a Water caullid the People therabout caullith hit Rivem-
Andertonford : and Anierton pike. One told me that aboute Lidiate
a Gentilman having a Place Moffe under the Hille is a Village caullid
caullid Andreton dwellithe Riven or a Riventon, and ther about I
therby;, and Mr. Riventon's markid my felf that ther was a Coppe
Howfe by Riventon. Anderton in the Hille as a Bakke ftondding up a-
Water cummith into Duggles. bove the Refidue of the Hille.
Then I cam over Dugles, communely caullid Duggels^
that cummith by Wigan and goith into
Duggles rennith thoroug the Se toward Latham. This Dugles
NewborowSf illag Bridg a Myle wher I paflid over hym is a vii. Miles
and dim. from Latham. from Morle. After a Mile and * a half
or more beyond Duggils , I paflid over
in Lelatidfhirc
Taro River, and then a Mile and more to Chorle a litle Mar
ket Toun in Lelandjhire, the wich about the River of Dug-
gels departith Lelandjhire from Darbyjhire.
Taro and Dugles be likelihod fhould cum fro the Hilles
toward Torkejhire.
Ther is befide Chorle Crojfeton a Market Toune in Leland
jhire. It is a iii. Miles from Chorle, and Latham is a iii. Miles
from hit.
In Lelandjhire be about an eight Paroche Chirchis, wherof
Leland Paroche is one, and, as I remembre, Standich ano
ther, x Eclefton  under the Foote of Chorle rennith a
litle flat Brooke. A Mile and half from
/9 Beyond the Qtiarreon the Chorle I faw on a Hille fide a great
right hond I faw a good Mile Qyarre, owt of the wich Men digge
of Leland Paroch wher the veri great and good Mille Stones.
Faringtons y . . . . el" aun- Within a Mile of Prefton I cam over
cient Gentilmen dwelle. Darwent River, the which at Penwar-
dine Paroche a Celle to Evejbam goith
into Ribil.
This Darwent devidith Lelandjhire from Andernes, and a
Mile above beyond the Place wher I paflid over Darwent

x And Eckfton. Under B. I have put points after Eclefton
becaufe in the Orig. is tbis mark - fignifying that fomething elft
jhould have been added. fi Theje Words in tbe Margin art
'wanting in St. y Deeft B.

a haf.
Mr.

LELAND'S 'ITINERARY/ 97
Mr. Lahgten dwellith at Walton on Darwent, and is Baron
of Newton in x * MacrefeMfi from y Wdrington . ' . . . .
a Howfe^ at . .  Parke } faul . .
• • ¦
Half a Mile beyond Darwent I paflid over the great Stone
Bridge of Rybill having a v., great Arches.
From Ribyl Bridg to Prefton half a Mile. Preftonhath but Foi. S4J
one Pare • Chirch, The Market Place of the Toun is fair.
Ribil goith round aboute a greate s Peace of the Ground
aboute Toune, yet it touchith not the Toune felf by Space
of almoft half a Mile.
Penwardine femid to me more then half a Mile from
Prefton, and ther goith Ribil flonding in refped of the Toune
of the farther fide of Ribil, the wich ther devidith the Dioe
cefe of Cbeftre from the Dioecefe of Tork. Penwardine is a
Paroch Chirch and Celle to Eovejham Abbay,, and ftandith
in Chefter Dioecefe.
Prefton is in Torke Dioecefe.
From. P.refton.to Garftane x. Mile.
A Mile without Prefton I rode over Savok a bigge Brooke,
the wich rifing in the Hilles a iii. or iv. Miles of on the right
Hond not veri far of goith into Ribil.
After I rode over Brok Water rifing a vi. Miles of in the
Hilles on the right Hond, and goith at the laft into Wyre.
Calder rifing about the; fame Hilles goith alfo into Wyre.
I rode over, hit.
By the Tounes Ende of Garftane I rode over a great Stone
Bridge- on Wyuer or I cam to. hit.
Wyre rifith a viii. or tenne Myles from Garftan owt of the
Hilles on the right Hond, and cummith by Grenehaugh a
prety -Caftel of the.Lorde of Darby s, and more then half a
Mile thens to Garftane in'Anndernes. Sum faith that Gar
ftan was a Market Toune.

a. in Macrefdd] Four or five points mould be put after Macre-
feld to fhew that a word or two is torn out of the Orig. Ma-
erefeth St. fi . . . Miles ffom B. y Theje broken-. Words, all
except Waring . . . are wanting in Stowe. J~ Falleth downe
B. t Peace of the Towne; yet &c> St. B.

1 Macrefeld [a 3 rhyles] from $1, '¦ i Howfe at new „ . , Park's faul.
Vol. 5. r Wyre

9* LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Wyre ebheth and flowith a iii. Mitel
From Garftan to SainSi Mi- beneth Garftane, and at a Chapel of
hels a Village a ii. Miles, and Alhalowes a x. Miles from Garftan go-
a Mile lower on the farther ith into the maine Se.
Side be the Places of Mr. Or I cam to Garftane by a Mile and
Kyrkeby of Raudeclif, and Mr, a halfe I leitMerfeow a greatParke parte.
.g^r of Raudeclif. So a vii. ly enclofid with Hegge, partely al on
Myle to Alhalois Village, and the Moore fide with Pale. On the right
then to the Se. Raudeclif oi it is replenifhid with Redde Deere.
Wimmerlaw a Mile iromGar- The Erie of Darby hath .hit in Ferme
Jlon hath hys Place at Wim- of the King.
merlaw. Up toward the Hilles by Grenehaugh
[Caftle] be ' iii. [Forefts of redlfe
Deere, Wyredalt, Bouland, and Bleftale. They be partly
Woody, partly Hethye.] The Ground bytwixt Morle and
Prefton enclofid for Pafture and Corne, but were the vafte
Mores and Mofl'es be, wherby as in Hegges Rowes by fide
Grovettes ther is reafonable Woodde for Buildding, and fum
for Fier, yet al the People ther for the moft part burne
Turfes. Likewife is the Soile bytwixt Prefton and Garftan-; but al-
Way the mofte part of Enclofures be for Pafturages.
Whete is not veri communely fowid in thes Partes afore-
faid. Al Aunderneffe for the moft parte in time paft hath beene
ful of Wood, and many of the Moores replenifhid with hy
Fyrre Trees.
But now fuch Part of Aunderneffe as is toward the Se is fore
deftitute of Woodde.
From Garftane I paflid partely by More Ground, partely
by Pafture and fum Corne, and fo riding over Goker River,
that makith no great Courfe or he cumme to the Sandes by'
Cokerham Village not a Mile of. apon the which Sandes I
¦ paflid over Koker River ons or twis again not without fum
Feere of Quikkefandes. At the Ende of the Sandes I faw
divers Salt Cootes, wher were divers Hepes of Sandis taken
of Salt Strondys, owt ofthe wich by often wetirig with Wa
ter they pike owt the Saltnes, and fo the Water is derivid
into a Pit, and after fodde.
Thens to Cokerfand an Abbay of Ciftertienfes about half

I in. Forefts of redde Deere Wyredale, Bouldude, and Bk[rra!e; They be
partly Woody, partly Hethye.] a Mile

.LELAND'S ITINERARY. 99
a Mil? of. Handing veri blekely and objed to al Wynddes.
One William of Lancaftre was Founder of that Houfe a-
bout King Henri th? 1. Tyme.
From Kokerfand Abbay I roode over the Sandes, marking
the Salt Cotes, and a Mile of over Condar Riveret ' [trillinge
by the Sands to] the Se.
Sq to a meane Place cawllld Afeheton ofthe Kinges Lande, Foi. ?j.
wher Mr. Leyburne Knight ufith to lye, and from thens a ii.
or iii. Miles to Lancaftre.
Lancaftre Caftel on a Hille ftrongly
buildid and wel repaired. The new Ruines of an old Place (as
Toune [as thei ther fay) buildid hard I remembre of the Catfelds)
by yn the Defcent from the Caftel,hav- by the Caftel Hille.
ing one Paro,ch Chirch wher fumtime
the Priori of Monkes Alienis was put doune by King Henry
the v. and given to Syon Abbay.
The old Waul of the Circuite of the
Priory cummith almoft to Lune Bridge. If I had kept the hy Shore
Sum have therby fuppofid that it was Way from Lancaftre to Cum-
a Peace of a Waul of the Toune. But brdand I fhould have z gone
yn deade I efpiyd in no Place that by Cqrtemaile Sand, wher a
the Toune was ever waullid. frefch Water doth cum, a vii.
The old Toune (as they fay ther) 3 Myles ; to Conyhed Sande,
was almoft al burnid and ftoode partely whither a Riverrefortith, a viii.
beyounde the Blak Freres. Miles ; to Dudden Sandes,
In thos Partes in the Feeldes and withera River refortith, a iiii.
Fundations hath ben found much Ro- Miles. Funis Abbay up in the
mayne Coyne. Montaines a iiii. Miles of.
The Soile about Lancaftre is veri
fair, plentiful of Wood, Pafture, Me
dow and Corne.
I rode over Lune toward Warton a Cartemaile and Conijhed Pri-
vi. Miles of, wher Mr. Kitfon was borne, ories of Blake Chanons.
A ii. Mile from Lancaftre the Cunteri
began to be fiony* and a litle to wax Montanius.
Half a Mile from Warton 1 paflid over Keri River, cum
ming out of Hilles not far of, and ther ebbing and flpuing,
and about Lunefandes going into the Salt Water.
Warton is a preati Streat for a Village.
The Ground beyound Warton and about is veri Hilly and

1 trilling[e by the] fan[ds tj a the Se. z gone Cartemaile Sand. 3 Miles.
r2 mar-

loo LELAND'S ITINERARY.
* marvelus Rokky onto Bytham a v. Miles of. In the Rokkes
I faw Herdes of Gotes.
By Bitham is a greate Parke and a goodly Place yn hit of
the Erie of Darby. By Bytham rennith Byth Water a preaty
River, and by % likelihood hit refortith toward Kennel.
Thens I roode over a great Bek caullid Stauntori'Bekke,
and fo ridding a ii. Miles farther cam to a Soile leffe ftony
and more fruteful of Corne, as fum Whete, much Ooteis
and Barle, or Bigge, and fo to Kendale riding over Ken Ri
ver. Ther be about Kendale divers fair Wooddes, as Mafler
Parris Parkej and many other. Kendale is countid as Baronry,
wherof Mr. x Par is Poffeffor.
Folia 86, 87, 88, 89, 90. vacant.
Foi. 91, From Byland to Newborow a Thoroughfare, wher is a Pri
ori of Chanons, a Mile much by Woodde.
3 From New Gisborow to Crage Caftel, fet on a Hil, a ii.
Miles. Sum fay that Crage was given to Cuthbert lyving.
To Sutton a iii. Miles.
To Torke a vi. Miles, iiii. of them lying totally as a great
plaine Commune, that fervith both for Feeding of Beftes
and for Turves.
From Tork toward by the lenght of a iii. Mile mervelus
good Corne Grounde, but no Plenty of Wood ynneere fight.
In the midde way I faw hard on the right Hond a veri fair
large Maner of the Bisfhops of Torke caullid Bisjhop's Thorpe.-
Beyound this iii. Miles the Ground waxith fumwhat
wooddy, and about the iiii. Mile I cam hard by Mr. Adam's
Parke wherin is a preaty dwelling Place.
And fo making a iiii. Miles more by the River of Ufe,
wher the Grounde was fair of Pafture, Corne and Wood, I
went over Ufe, and entred Cawood, a very fair Caftel longg-1
ing to the Archbisfhop of Torke, and ther is a preati Village.
From thens to Shirburne, a Market Town, wherin be
many Pinners, a v. Miles. The Way betwene wel wooddid,
and almoft ftil riding by a Riveret caullid Bisjhop's Water, that
rifith a litle a this fide Shirburne and goith into Ufe.

x William Parre created Baron Parre of Kendall 9. March 30.
H. 8. 1538. in tbe Margin of Mr. Burton's Tranfcript.

New
1 mervelus. 2 likclihod fliouM rcibrt. 3 fiom Gisborow. In

LELAND'S ITINERARY. i»i
In the Way betwixt I rode hard by a Parke ( as I think )
of the Bisfhops of Torke.
From Shirburne to Milburne, Village a Mile, and pafling
from thens to Fere brydg apon Aire River a iiii. Miles of or
more. The ' Bride x of an viii. Arches of." Stone, and ther
is a Village.
The Soile betwixt neere in fight plaine, wel cornid, but
litle wood.
Along on the lift Hond a iii. Miles of betwixt Milburne
and Feribridge I faw the wooddi and famofe Foreft of
Bdrnefdale, wher 3 thay fay that Robyn Hudde lyvid like an
Owtlaw. From Ferybridge to Pontfracl a Mile.
Pantfracl is a fair, large Market Towne, and good occu-
piyng in hit.
Ther is a, veri fair Caftel fet on a Rokke of ftone.
An Abbay of Blake Monkes, a Paroche Chirche, a College
of Preftes, a Place of Gray Freres, a faire Chapel.
Withowt the Town on the Hil, wher the goode fi Duke
of Lancaftre was beheddid, ys a fair Chirche.
From Pontfraia to St. Ofwauls, a veri fair and wel buildid
Howfe of Chanons, iii. Mile be much Woddy Grounde.
Atte St. Ofwalds is a mervelus fair Condud of Water and
caftelid hard againe the front of the Howfe.
The Soile therabout riche of Wood, Pafture and Corne.
A Mile and more beyond St. Ofwaldes I paflid hard by Mr.
Burton's, a Knight lately decefid, Park, and in hit is a fair
Manfion. And fo by Wooddy and Corne Ground a iiii. Mile to
Howton, or Haulfton, wher is a ruinus Maner, longging, as
rhey faide, to the Tempeftes.

x Is of St. fi So in the Original. But Mr. Burton * hath
written Earle in the Margin of his Tranfcript. Mr. Stowe had writ
Earle at firft ; but he afterwards ftruck it out and writ Duke
after it.
* hath written Earle] Earle is alfo written in the Marg. of the
Orig. but 'tis of Mr. Burton's hand.

i Bride is of. 2 Stones, 3 they, A Mile

101 LELAND'S ITINERARY,
A Mile from that, or more, I cam by Br eerie Parke hard
on the right hond, wherin is a faire Maner Place longging
to the Lord Montegle.
And fo a ii. Mile beyond I roode over a Stone Bridge, un
der the whiche ran Tame, a Riveret that goith (as they faid)
into Dune River betwixt Rotheram and Dunecaftre.
From Tame to Rotheram a iiii. Miles.
I enterid into Rotheram by a fair Stone Bridge of iiii. Arches,
and on hit is a Chapel of Stone wel wrought.
Rotheram is a meately large Market Towne, and hath a
large and fair Collegiate Chirch. The College was inftitutid
by one Scotte, Archbisfhop of Torke, otherwife caullid « Ro-
Fol. 91. theram, even in the fame Place wher now is a very fair Col
lege fumptuufly buildid of Brike for a Provoft, v. Preftes. a
Schole-Mafter in Song, and vi. Choreftes, a Schole-Maftej:
in * Grammar, and a nother in Writinge.
Though betwixt Cawoode and Rotheram be good Plenti of
Wood, yet the People burne much Yerth Cole, bycawfe hit
is plentifully found ther, and fold good chepe.
A Mile from Rotheram be veri good Pittes of Cole.
§^» In Rotheram be veri good Smithes for all cutting Tooles.
Betwixt Rotheram and Worfope x. long Miles the Soile
partely Woody, fi as fpecially within iii. Miles of Worfop,
partely Pafture and partely Corne.
Within a good Mile or I cam to Worfop I rode thorough
a Parke of Mr. Townles a Knight for the moft abiding
in Lancaftrejhire. And in this Parke is a veri praty litle
Howfe. By * Workfop is a Parke of a vi. or vii. Miles in Cumpace,
longging to the Erie of Shreusbiry. a
Wyrkefop is 3 caullid in fum old Writinges Rodeford. and the
Water that goith toJSlith Market cummith by hit.
An.D.1103. Wilhdmus Lovetofte was the firft Founder of hit in the tyme
of Anjelm Bisfhop of Canterbiri and Gorad Bisfhopof + Torke,
in Henri the firfte Dayes. His s Bloode and Inheritance cam
to a Dowghter that maried one Furnivalle. After Furnivalles
Inheritance cam to a Doughter, the wich was maried to one

x Thomas Rotheram St. fi As efpecially B.

1 Grammer. z Wyrkfop. 3 cawllid. 4 York, j Blode, Nevili,

.LELAND'S ITINERARY. lb*
tfevih, and he had a Boughtter by hir,
the -vyiche was maried to Talbot the firft This Nevile hath a goodly
Erie; of Salop. And among other Chil- Tumbe in the middis ofthe
dern he had Talbot of hir caullid DnT Quien
de Lile. Leyband.
He had William Huntingdon firft One of the Lovetoftes was
Prior of Radeford or Wyifkefip. Erie oi Huntingdon and Foun-
Many of the Lovetoftes, Furnivdlles, der of Huntingdon Priory,
wAfaibottes buried; at Wyrkefeppe. x Wher the Lovetoftes ' had
Wirkefeppe is a » Market [Towne, and fumtime a Caftel".
there is a Place now invironyd With Trees cawlvd Tbe
Caftle Hille.] y
The Stones of the Caftel were * fotchid, as fum fay, to
make, the fair Lodge in Wyrkfoppe Parke not yet finisfhid.
This Erie of Sbrewsbyris Father was aboute to 'have finifhid
hit, as apperith by much hewyd Stone lyyng there. But I
am pi the Opinion that the Chanons had the Ruines of
the Caftel Stones to, make the Clofure of their latse
Waulles. j &
Ther is at the South Side of the Priory Cowrt a very fair
great Gate of hewyn Stone,
The Sovle,, favyng a little by Wyrkfep to Rethford Mar
ket, is plentiful of Corne in enclBfid Feeldes, but litle
Woodde. ,
From Wirkejop to-Newhaggeby very Wooddi Grownd about
a Mile. Newhagge is. a. Park hard on the sight hond as I went
longging to the King. A. Mile beyond Newhag ftil by Wood
I rode over Gerbertan Brooke.
A Mile thens pafling al by plaine hethy Ground I rode
over Budby Brooke.
And fo pafling a Mile more by plaine Herhe, and ii. Miles
by fair Wooddes I rode over Rume Water, wher in ul-
teriori ripa is a Village caullid communely Ruford foe
Rumeforde. A Quarter of a Mile beyond Rumefsrd Village ftoode a
late IjLumeford Abbay of White Monkes. The Erie of Shreufe-
x fheje Words in the Margin are placed by Mr. Stowe immedi
ately after-, with Trees cawlyd the Caftle Hille.
i Market [To]wn and th« [is a PI»e»] now earirfouyd with Treer cawlyd th«
Cdftlt HiUc] a fette. byri

io4 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
byri hath hit now of the King for Exchaung of Land of his
in Irland.
Rume River rifith by South of Maunsfeld a v. Miles frorm
Rumeford Abbay; and when the Streame cummith nere the
Abbay it makith ther in a Botom a fair Lake of the fame
Name, and fo cumming againe into a narow Courfe goith
to Rumeford Village, and, as I lernid, ther after receivith-
both Budby Water and Gerberton Water, and after with a

mil

Bawtre. meately long Curfe goith to Bowtre, oi fum caullid Vauttei
a Market Town in Notingamfeire a v. Miles from Dancaftrtx
and fo, , as I hard fay, into Trent. . "'
Looke ther about wyther Blitb River goith.
Foi. 93. From Rumeford Abbay by plaine
Almoft. a Mile or I cam to Corny and Pafter Ground to a Village
this Village I cam hard by a iiii. Miles of, wher I paflid over a
Hexgreve Park on the right Brooke caullid (if I wel remembre)
hond, and a litle beyond on Girt. This Brooke goith to Sowthwel
the lift hond I faw nere at Milles, and fo to Trent.
hondMr. Newnams aKnighttes * Sowthwel irom thens a ii. Miles4
Parche and preati Manor. It The Ground betwixt very fruteful
is in Ketelington Paroche. of Corne.
Sowthewel ftondith in Snotingamjhire,
The Town by hit is meately wel build
id, but ther is no Market publike.
There lyith in the Quier The Minftre of our Lady is large,
* in anArche anArche-Bisfhop but of no pleafaunt Building, but ra-
of Torke. ther ftronge.
The Bisfhop of Tork hath ther a preaty Palace, and the
Minifters of the Chirch be wel loddegid, efpecially the Pre-
bendarys.
The litle Park, alias New The Archebisfhop hath iii, Parkes,
Park. Norwood Park, but Hexgre is the chefeft of them.
To Thurgoton Village and Priory of Blak Chanons lately
fuppreflid a ii. Miles by Corne Ground.
And thens a good Mile to Oringgam Feri, wher my Horfys
paflid over Trent per vadum, and I per cymbam. I never faw
fairer Medows then x there a bothe Ripes of Trent.

x There about on bothe Bankes of Trent St.

1 To Sowthwel from, 2 in an arcbe dele. Notingam

LEX A-ND'S ITINERARY. 1.05
r Notingam on the right Hond * vi. Miles from Trajeclus,
and'Newarke on the lifte Hond a iiii. Miles. Newark to us
rip. citer. Trentts.
-After that I cam a litle beyond Trent I faw alChampaine
Grounde undecunque within fight, and very litle Wood but
infinita frugum copia. >
To Lariger Village a iiii. Miles, Wher A ii. Milefc beyond Lariger
hard by the Chirch is a Stone Howfe I faw but far of the Caftel of
of the Lord Scrapes embatelid like a Bever on a Hy coppid Hille.
Caftel. Betwixt TrentRipeandMel-
fi Half a Mile or I cam to Longer I ton many Benes and Pefon,
by Sh John Cba-wonhe as vt js communely thorough
cam by Mafter a Knightes Manor al Leyrceftrejhir.
Place, wherabowt I faw great and mer- Melton, one fair Paroche
velus fair Medows. Chaworth Place is Chirch, fumtime an Hofpi-
caullid Warton Haulle. tal and Celle to Lewes in
From Longer by veri fair Medows Sujfex.
and Corne ground to Smithe, a Broke-
let that ther devidith Notingghamfhire from Leyrleftrefeire a
iiii.. Myles.
Nere beyond this Brooke I paflid thorough Claufen Village
in Leyrceftrejhir.
From Claufen to Melton a iii. good Miles by good Corne
Ground. Kyrkby a litle Priori of Blake Chanons apon * Wreke Ryver
ii. Miles beneth Melton Mowbray was a late fuppreflid. I
hard fay that one Bellar was Foundder thereof.
From Melton to Burton Lazar, a veri fair Hofpital and
Collegiate Chirch, fcant a Mile.
To Borow Hilles more than ii. Miles.
The Place that now is cawllid Borow Hilles is duble dichid,
and conteinith within the Diche to my Eftimation a iiii. fcore
Acres. The Soile of it berith very good Corne.
Firft I tooke hit for a Campe of Menne of Warre, but after
I plaine perceivid that hit had beene waullid about with
Stone, and to be fure pullid out fum Stones at the entering

x 6. Miles from Trajeclus, and 4. Miles from Newarke on the
left Hand. Newark to ua &c. B. fi Here feveral Things are
wanting in Stowe.

1 Wrek e River.
Vol. c. f of

i©6 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
of hit, wher hath bene a great Gate, and ther found Lynje
betwixt the Stones. But whither, ther hath beene any mo*
Gates there then one I am not yetjure, but I conjed ye.
Very often hath be founde ther numifmata Romana of Gold,
Sylvex and Braffe, and Fragmentes; of al Fundations in
Plowyng. This ftondeth in the very hy way hytwixt Melton and
London. To thes Borow Hilles every Yere on Monday after White-
Sonday cum People of the Contery therabowt, and fhote,
renne, wraftel, dawnce, and ufe like other Feates of Exercyfe.
Borow Village is within leffe then half a Mile of hit, and
ther dwellith one Mr. Borow the greateft Owner there.
Borow Hilles be abowte a vii. Miles from Leyrceftre.
|0' Remembre that Croxton Abbay Water rifing at Croxton
cummith into Eye Water per ripam auftralem about a Mile or
more above Melton. From Borow Hilles to Lcntnd a v.
The Chaworthis were and Mile.
be Founders of Laund Priory. The Soile direEto itinere betwyxt
Almofte half a Mile or I Trent South Ripe and Launde is baren
cam to Launde I paflid by of Wood, but plentiful of Corne * and
Mafter Smithes Howfe made Pafture, efpecially abowt LaundeQuiU*
frefch by Mr. Radcliffe that ters.
married Smithes Doughter. But the Soyle abowt Launde isWood.
dy, and the Foreft of Ly, of fum caullid
Lyfeld, joynithe 2 [to Launde by Efte.]
Foi. 94. And the Soile of Owfeen Abbay ii. Miles by Eft North Efte
from Launde is alfo veri Wooddy.
The Ground a litle beyound Launde toward Pipwel is not
Wooddy. To Haleden a preaty Tounlet about a iiii. Miles.
To Metburne Village a Mile.
And almoft a Mile to a Bridge, wher I paflid over Wylani
River, ther no great Streame.
Thens of to Pipwel Abbay abowt a iii. Miles.
The Bridg and Water of Weland ther devidith Leyrceftn-
Jhire from Northampton.
From Metburne to within a Mile of Pipwel is mervelus
goodly Medow.

1 and Pafture. bis. 2 to Lau[nde ky Efte, After

Pipwel ftandeth on the veri
Ende of the Foreft x oi" . , .
Butvil/e, fumtime a Knight
of Northamptonjhire, Founder
of Pippewell. Mowbray, the
Lord of Rutland, and theLord
South encrefid hit.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
After that I paflid over Weland abowt a Mile I faw Roking-
ham Caftel Handing on the Brow of a Stony Hille in the ut
ter Part of the Side of Rokingham Foreft, and it flood a ii
Mile of on the lifte Honde.
Almoft a Mile or I cam to Pipwel I
enterid into the Woode of Rokingham
Foreft. . Pipwel Abbay ftondith in Rok
ingham Foreft, and mo Abbays is not,
nor were, as I hard fay, in the Foreft.
The Foreft of Rokingham is in fum
Places a ii. Miles, Jn fiim Places but a
Mile brode, and by Eftimation a xiiii.
Miles longe.
¦Rokingham Caftel faullith to ruine.
No redde Deere but falow in Rokingham Foreft.
The Faireft Game of the Foreft is feene at a Place in the
Foreft caullid Launde fi of Benefeild" .
Divers Gentilnten of veri faire Landes dwelle in Villages
neere about Pipwelle.
Ther dwellith for the moft part a Gentilman in every Vil
lage of Northamptonfhire.
From Pipwei I- to Ketering Market iii. good Miles by Pafture
and CorrieGrOund; A Mile irom-Pipwelle at Barton Village
is the Treffehams Manor Place.
From Ketering to Hybam Ferres vii.
Miles. Almoft a Quarter of a Mile or
I cam to Hybam Ferres I paflid over
Neene Water.

107

£^j» Hdlamjhirer beginnith a ii. Mile
irom Rptheram. Sbeflfeld iii. Miles
"from Rothetam,whct the Lord of Shreufe
byris Caftel is, the chefe Market Towne
of Halamjhire. And Halamjhire g'oith
one * way vi. or vii. Miles abo\ eSh'ejfildc
by Weft, yet, as I here fay, a nother

Ther is a Collegiate Chirch
at Hyham Ferres, and a Gram-
merScboole, and a Caftel now
of late clene faullen and taken
downe. Ther is a Mair at
Hyham Ferres,
A I Halamjhire go to the
Seflions of Tork, ahd is count-
id as a Membre of Torkjbire.
There is a goodly Lodge or
Manor Place on a Hil Top
in Shefe Id 'Park.

x Deeft St. & B. 0 Thefe two laft Words are added by Mr. Bur
ton, and they are alfo inferted in his Tranfcript.

1 way a vi. or.
f 2

way

io8 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Wmfeld, or Wenf eld, in Dar- way the next Village to Sheffild is in
by/hire is but a Maner Place, Darbyfeire.
butytfarpaffith ' Sheffield Ca- Ther be many Smithes and Cutte-
'ftel. lars in Halamjhire.
Mgglesfild and Bradefeld ii. Townelettes or Villages long
to one Paroche Chirche. So by this meanes (as I was en-
ftrudid) ther be but iii. Paroches in Halamjhire that is of
Name, and a great Chapelle.
Halamjhire hath Plenti of Woodde, and yet ther is burnid
much Se Cole. Reafonable good Pafture but meate Corne.
The Erie is now Lord of Shelfelde Market in Torkfeire, and
Wet kf ope in Notinghamfeire, and Rotheram that a late longgid
to Rufford Abbay.
The Erie hath a Parke and a Maner Place or Lodge yn
it caullid Hardewike apon Line a four Miles from Newftede
Abbay. In Snotingbamjhire
Blith a Market z Towne on Blith Ri
veret iiii. 3 Miles beyound Wyrkfop in
the way to Dancaftre.
B.-ith rifith in a More a v. Miles from
Wirkfop. So to Wirkefep, and to Blith
the Market Toun, and thens intoDawH*
River. Bauire a Market a iii. Miles beyound
Blith Market, and this Towne is ofthe
Paroche of Blith. So that one Paroche
hath ii. Market Townes.
Not far beyound Bautre is the Limes
oi Notinghamfeire and Torkefeire toward
Dancaftre. As the Evidence oi Blith Abbay fpek-
ith there was a Caftel about King Wyl-
Uam Conquerors Time at Blithe, the
wich thei caullid in Latine Blida. I
think that it ftoode nere the Abbay, or
ford  els the Abbay was buildid wher the
u Caftel was.
Roger Boley a Norman was the Foundder of Blith abowt
King William Conqueror's Time.

This Riveret from the
Hedde is not alway caullid
Blith, but as it were in the
a
midde way betwixt Rodeford,
alias Wyrkfop, and Blith Mar
ket. Ther cummith a preaty
Brooke into Blith or he cum
to Wyrkfop.
Tikil a Market Toun with
a Freres and a Ruinus Caftel
in Nottingamjhire a ii. Miles
beyond Bautre.
Notingam a great Market
Town. Neivark apon Trent, a good
Market 4 Towne.
Ther is a goodly Hpufe or
more lately buildid in Rede-

j ShefKld. a Town. 3 Mile. 4. Toun,

Maunsfdd

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 109
Maunsfeld a Market Town longing to the King in No
tinghamfeire. {x it is yn Shirwode) . . . Miles from Rotheram
in the Hy Way to Nottingam.
Wyrkefoppe made a Market Town more then xxx.
Yeres ago.
' Retheford, of fum foundid Redford, a good Market Towne
within a v. Miles of Trent Ripe. But ther be ii. Rethefords,
one the lefle is caullid Wefte Retheford, the other is caullid
Eft Redford, and is the Market Towne 1 as bigge as the other,
and hath a Chirch almoft as fair as hit. * [There is one Bridge
upon the River that divideth the Towne from the other.
Retford hath beene burnt] but both be fins that reedified.
Foi. 95, 96, 97. vacant.
Thinges notable in Bedfordfhir. Foi. 98.
, The Caftelle of Adinggreves is on the fame fide that the
Caftelle Mille is on, otherwife caullid Rifengho about a Mile CajlelMilk
lower On the Ryver toward S. Neotes, where is on a Hille a is a Mile
Diche and other Tokins of Buildinges there not 2. Balles j"nd a f"£f
Caftes from the Ryver Bank. y^™
About a Mile and a half beneth Adinggreves is a great
Stone Bridge of an viii. Arches of Stone at Berford, and ther
in ulter. ripa is a good Uplandifch Towne.
From Berford to Eiton a good Village in ulter. ripa about
a 3. Mile, wher be feene veftigia Caftelli betwen the Chirch
and the Ripe, and almoft hard on the Ripe : and at this
Eiton is a litle poore Bridge of Eafe over the Ryver. The
Ruines of Eiton Caftelle long to my Lord Vaulx.
Ther wer 2. Hofpitales in the Suburbe of Bedford by
South in cifer, ripa Ufa. the Houfes wherof and Chapelles
yet flande.
S. John's ftandeth on right Hond firft cumming in from
South to Bedforde. And then on the fame Hand a litle afide
is S. Leonards.

x it is yn Shirwode] Thefe words are written over the line by
¦Mr. Leland's own hand, and are by way of Correflion.

1 as bigge as Rotheram. 2 [The] onely Bridg apon [the] Ryver [divide] the
cne [Towne from the other.] Ihinges

no LELAN-D'S ITINERARY.
Foi. 99. Thinges notable in the Gray Freres of Bedford.
The very Original Founderes of the Grey Freres of Bed-
Epit. ford was Mabil'Pjutefeull Lady of Blet-
Hicjacet D". Mabilla Pate- tefeo, wher now Syr John S, John
fhulle, Dna de Blettefho, ia. dwellith, and of Stoke, as fum fay, in
fundatrix hujus loci. xLincolnjhir a 4.. Miles a this fide Grante-
She was biried under a flat ham in Lincolnjhir, and this Stoke long-
Stone, ith now to Mafter S.'John.
This Mabil was byried at the South
Side ofthe High Altare under an Arche.
Ther was alfo buried on the Northe Side of the High Al
tare, under a plain Stone, one of the Lord Mowbrays.
And one Quene Elenor was buried right afore the High
Altare under a flat Stone of Marble with an Image of plaine
Plate of Brafle encrounid.
Richard Haftinges, an Efquier, Chaumberlayn to Edward
the 3. was buried on the North Side of the Quier in a low
Tumbe. Syr Richard Irencefter was biried in the Midle of the Body
of the Chirch : And this Irencefter, as it is faid, made the
Body ofthe Chirch ofthe Graye Freres. Blake S. John «of
late tyme was buried fi of the Quier by Haftinges.
The Freres Hand flat in the y ' North Eft ofthe Towne.
Ex libro Folcardi Monachi Eccl. Chrifti Cantuar. quern
fcripfit rogante Aldredo Archiepifcopo Ebor.
Abbas de Swina invitatus ad anniverfarium diem S. Joannis
de Beverlaco a Brithuno Abbate Beverlacenfi.
Monialis qu&dam de Efch.
Ketellus Gulidmus, qui cif Ketellus diilus, Clericus S. Joannis Be-
firipjit jiyh, verlacenfis, fcripfit libdlum de miraculis S. Joannis, C5f confe-
tant um-' cravtt opufculum Th. prtzpoftto ejufdem, e cujus libello Folchar-
fera, omau. dus multa defumpfit,
Deftrutla urbe Ebor. & agris vicinis a Gul. Baftard &. ejus
exercitu, multi confugerunt Beverlacum tanquam ad dfyhim". Sed

x Of late was buried ther. The Freiers &c. St. fi In the
Quire by Haftinges. B. y L. In the North End of tbe Towne.

1 Lincolrdhire. 2 North End of.
Gul-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. m
Gul. rex & ejus exercitus miraculo cujufdam militis Normanni,
deterriti Beverlacenfes intailos reliquerunti
^Ethelftanus. rex ajylum Beverlaqi ihftituit. Deira clduditur
Uerwentaftu. Hnmbroftu. & mare [I. mari] orient.
Robertus de; Stutevilla dominus de Cotingham temp. Steph.
Adfutus erat libro Folcardi liber incerti aucloris, fed viri, ut
videtur, Ebor. de rebus ab Ethelftano Beverlaci geftis, & de
miraculis D. Joannis a tempore Gul. Conqueftoris.
Taken out of a Rolle at Mafter Garters. Foi. too,
Clarence.
Duke de Clarence, Ctiunte de Richemont, Signior des Ifles de Richemon^
Gernefey & Garfeey, & Graunt Chaumbrelaine de Angle Terre.
Gloceftre,
Duk de Gloceftre, Coneftable & Admiral de Angleterre, &
Gardein de Wefte Marches devers Efcoffee.
Norfolk.
Duke de Norfolk, Counte Marefchal de Wareirr, Surrey &
de Notingham, Graund Marchal d' Angleterre, Signior de
Moubray, de Segrave, & Gower.
Bukingham,
Duke de Bukingham, Counte de Stajforde, Herford, North
ampton & de Perche, Signior de Brekenok, de Kembalton &Kembai.
de Tunbridg. Wun.
Rivers.
Counte Rivers Signior de Scales & de Nudes, & Gover-
nour de Ifle de Wighti
Nicolaus Upton Legulejus, Cananicus Sarum & WellenfisNicolam
Ecclefia, dedicavit Humfrido dud Gloceftriae volumen de re uPton«
militari divifum in quatuor libros feu l partes. Ultimo autem
libra traStabat de. Armis five Irtftgnibus illuftrium Virorum
Anglias.. Stilus Humfridi Ducis ibidem.
Filius, frater, * patruufque R'egum, Dux Gloceftria?, Comes
Penbrochiae, Mag. Camerarius Anglias.

i Partes . . . ultimo, Leyland, in ultimo B. z Patruus Regum. Thefe

,I2 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Foi. roi. Thefe Thinges folowing I lernid of the Vicar or Perfon
of Corbridge at NewcafteL
Corbridg about a Xi. Miles from Newcaftelle : But to go
to it the next way from Durefene it is not paft a 16. or 18.
Miles. Corbridge is on the fame Ripe of Tine that New Caftelle is.
The Chirch of Corbridge is dedicate onto S. Andre.
The Perfonage was ons impropriate to the Priory of Tin-
mouth, fins by Exchaunge to Cairluel,
The Toune at this tyme is ful meanely buildid.
The Names of diverfe Stretes that hath beene there yet
hath Names, as old People there teftifie, and great Tokens
of old Foundations be yetfounde there, and alfo Numifmata
The Stone Bridge that now is at Corbridge over Tine is
larg, but it is fet fumwhat lower apon Tine then the olde
Bridg was.
Ther be evident Tokens yet feene where the olde Bridg
was, and theraboute cummith downe a praty Broke on the
fame Side that * that" the Toun is on, and hard by it, and
goit into Tine. 1 thing verely that this Broke is caullid
C.h: flu. Corve, though the Name be not welle knowen there, and
that the Toune berith the Name of it.
By this Broke as emong the Ruines of the olde Town is
a Place caullid Colecefter, wher hath beene a Forteres or Ca
ftelle. The peple there fay that ther dwellid yn it one Toton,
whom they fable to have beene a Gygant.
There is no Bridge on Tyne, as I remembre, bytwixt New
caftelle and Corbridge.
fc-j» As far as I can perceyve by the Boke of the Life of S. Ofe
Colebridge. win the Martyr Colebrige is alway put ther for Corbridge.
Foi ioz. There appere Ruines of Arches of a Stone Bridge over Tyne
River, at  Caftelle longging to the Erie of Weft-
merland a 3. Miles lower on the Ryver then Corbridge.
fi Chipchace Bridg of  on Tyne.
Moun- Mounbowcher was a Man of fair Landes in North umbrelande : -
boucher. znc\ Doctor Davelle told me that the Hofpitale yn Newcaftel
hath yet Landes of his Gifte.
Rudham. The Rudhams were Men of fair Landes in Northumbrelande
about Tylle Ryver, ontyl one of them having to Wife one of

« Deeft St. fi Chipchace Bridge on Tyne B. the

LELAND'S ITINERARY. ns
the Humframvilk Doughters killid a Man of Name, and
thereby loft the principale of 600. * Markes Landes by Yere,
So that at this Tyme Rudham of Northumbr eland is but a
Man of mene Landes.
Hafikig oiixNortbamptonJbir, 'hath about a 50. //. Lande in
Northumbreland and Effelington, wher is a pratie Pile fi is"
Hafilrigges, and one of the Colinwooddes dwellith now in it,
and hath the y * other Site of his Landes.
The Ryver of Tame rifith a 10. Miles by South Weft -with-Tam Ry-
in the Land, and cummith into Tyne aboute a Mile abovever'
Getifhed, and not far bynethe Raven/worth Caftelle.
Tarfet Caftelle Ruines in Northumbreland hard by North r"f't ca-
Tyne long now to the Lord Borow. ftel*
There was one of the Grays of Northumbr elande a Man ofc-ray f„f-
greate Brute in the Tyme of Edwarde the 4. that was Mrse(kte£lus adul'
with the Quene of Stottes of Adulterie. Wherapon he bey-'^l"fSc0m
ing accufid of a Gentilman of Scotteland cam with a Bandjtia.""
as it is faide, of a 1000. Men to Edingborow, and there cafle
down his Glove to fight in the Lilies with his Accufer : but
he departid withowte fighteting ; yet was it fuppofid, That
Gray was not accufid therof withoute a Cawfe.
The, Herbotelle s Landes in Northumbreland, that was a -^qq, Herbotelle.^
Markes by the Yere, cam of late Dayes to 2. Doughters, J^ ^1T£e
wherof the one was maried to Syr Thomas Percy, that was Herbotelle.
for Treafon hangid at Tiburne. The other was maried toLandes-
Fitton oi Cbefterjhir. Mr. Dodor Davel told me that the
Limes of the Bisfhoprike of Durefme goith beyond the Mouth
on Darwent up apon Trente even to the Paroch of Rytoun.
A Pile or Caftelet at Bowes on Watheling Streate. «=d
The Davelles cam. owte of Normandie, and fins they have Fo1- ,03!
be Men of greate Poffeflionsyn the North Partes of England.^01 Da~
But they cam in Edwarde the 2. tyme to Decay and Ruine.™
For the chief of the Davelles, that was Syr Lofon Davelle
and Syr Hugh Davelle, both Barons (as Mr. Dodor Davelle
fayith,. but fuffieiently to me provid not,) toke Thomas Earle
of Lancafter and the Barons Part agayne Edwarde the 2. and

* Mr. Burton bath drawn a Line under this Word and written
in the Margin over againft it Lcicefterfhire of Noiifeley. fi Lege
of. y L. the Over fete of his Landes.

t Marke Landes. 2 over fite.
Vol. 5. t Peter

ii4 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Peter Gavefton, wherapon Davelles Landes were attainticT
and fparkelid. _, , ,
1 Yet remainid of the Name 4. or 5. younger Brethern, that
after got meane Landes: and one of them after in Defcent
confumid a 100. Ii. Landes by the Yere in Notinghamfeire in
mere Hauking and Hunting.
There yet remayne meene Gentilmen of the name.
The principal Land and Habitation of the Davelles was
about Pontefratle in Torkejhire.
Much of the Gafcoynes Lande and the Landes of Truewhtt, ,
alias Turwit, of Lincolnfeir, longid to the Davelles.
The Name of the Originale Houfe of the Davelles yet t&
mainith yn Normandie aboute the Partes, as I have heard, of
Alaunfun. Roger x Thorton the great riche Marchaunte of Newcafeelle
in Edwarde the 4. Dayes, by whom the
The Ifle, and almoft al the Lomeleys Landes were greatly augmen-
Landes that the Lorde Lome- tid, as by Mariage of his Doughter and
ley hath in Torkfeir and North- Heyre, buildid S. Katerines Chapelle,
urnbr eland, was this Thorntons, the Towne Haulle, and a Place for
pore Almofe Menne by Sand Hille Gate
a litle lower then Newcaftle Bridge on the very Ripe of
Tyne within the Toun oi' Newcaftelle.
This Roger Thorton was the richeft Marchaunt that ever was
dwelling in Newcaftelle.
One John Warde a riche Marchant of Newcaftelle made a
fi Maifun dieu" for xii. poore Men, and xii. poore Women
by the Auguftine Freres in Newcaftelle.
One Chriftopher Brigham, a Marchant of Newcaftelle, made;
of late a litle Hofpital by the Gray Freres in Newcaftelle.
The Waulles of Newcaftelle were begon, as I have harde,

x In Mr. Stowe's Tranjcript there is this Addition in the Mar
gin, viz. This Thornton was at the fyrft very poore, and, as the
People report, was a Pedler, and of hym to this day they reherfe
this Ryme :
3!n at ttye ffiteffgate cantC Thonton [r. Thornton or Thorton] lit
i©ftli a ijappen hapt in a iRam? Shpnti.
In Mr. Stowe's Tranjcript 'tis written here, and below, Thornton.
fi Defunt B.

1 yet remanid, in

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 115
in King Edwarde the firfte Day, as I harde, by this Occafion.
A great riche Man of Newcaftelle was taken prifoner by the
Scottes owt ofthe Town felf as it is reportid. Wherapon he Foi, 104.
was raunfomid for a greate Sum : and returning home he be
gan to make a Waulle on the Ripe of Tyne Ryver from San-
debille to Pandan Gate and beyound x * into the Towne agayne
the Auguftine Freres.
The Refidew of the Marchauntes ofthe Toune feying this
Towardnes of one Man, fette to their helping handes, and
continuid ontylle the hole Toun was ftrongely about waul
lid, and this Worke was finifhid in Edwarde the 3. Dayes,
as I have harde.
The Strenghth and Magnificens of the Waulling of this
Towne far paflith al the Waulles of the Cities of England
and of moft of the Townes of Europa.
Foi. 105. vacat.
Prior Caftel oi Dyrham the laft fave one buildid the Toure Fol< ,c6'
in Fame Ifleland for Defence owt of the Grounde, Ther
was a Chapel and a poore Houfe afore.
Ther was a Houfe of Chanons at Ovingebam apon Tyne
agayne Prudehow on the other fide of Tyne, a Mafter and 3.
Cfianons Celle to Hexham. Humfranville gave the Perfonage
of Ovingebam to Hexham that they fhould find certen Chanons
ther. Morley of Morpath was ons Lord of Wercworth Caftel onl\ *
fi Coket Mouth.
Dr. Davel told me, That Antony de Bek buildid or re-
newid Kenfengton, as he hath hard, and gave it to King or
Prince. He buildid Durefme Place in London.
Foi. 107, 108, 109, no, in, 112. vacant.
Richemont Towne is waullid, and the Caftel on the River Foi. • ij.
Side of Swale is as the Knot of the Cumpace ofthe Waulle.?''^'
In the Waul be iii. Gates. Fr enchegate yn the North Parte
of the Towne, and is the moft occupied Gate of the Towne.
Finkel-ftreateGate. Bargate. al iii. be downe. ' Veftigia yet
remayne. In the Market Place is a large Chapel of the Tr'i-
nite. the Cumpace of the ruinus Waulles is not half a Mile

x L. and beyound that to the Towre agayne &c. fi Sic Aut. Cokell-
mouth B.

1 that to the Towre agayne.
1 2 abowt.

116 LELAND'S ITINERARY.-
abowt. So that the Towne Waulle cumpafith litle but the
Market Place, the Howfes about hit and Gardens behind
them. There is a Suburbe withowt Frenche Gate. Finkel-
ftreat Suburbe ftrayt Weft from the Market Place and Bar-
gate Suburbe. But Frenchgate Suburbe is almoft as bygge as
bothe the other Suburbes. In Frenchgate Suburbe is the Pa
roch Chirch of al the hole Towne. A litle beyonde the
Ende of F renchegate-ftreate is, or was, a late a Chapel of a
Woman Anachorete. Bargate Suburbe cummith down to
the Bridge Ende of Swale, the wich Bridge is fumtime
chaynid. A this fide the Bridge is no Building. In this Sub
urbe is a Chapel of S. James. At the Bakke of the French-
gate is the Grey Freres, a litle withowte the Waullis. Their
Howfe, Medow, Orchard, and a litle Wood is waullid yn.
Men go from the Market Place to hit by a Pofterne Gate;
There is a Condude of Water at the Grey Frereres, els there
is none in Richemont. Not f=r from the Freres Waul is a
Chapel of S. Antony. Al The Towne and Suburbes be on
the farther Side of Swale.
The Caftel is nere hand as much yn Cumpace as the Cir-
cuite of the Town Walle. But now it is in mere Ruine.
The Celle of S. Martine is on the hither1 Side [of Swale
litle more then a thowfand Fotte from the Frenche-Gate
Suburbe.] Midleham apon Ure River ripa cite-
Midleham longgid to the riori is a Market Tounne, and is kept
Erie oiWarwike. Richardthe on Twefday. The Toune it felf is
iii. lay at it, and collegiatid fmawle, and hath but one Paroche
the Chirch there. But Henry Chirch. It hath beene, as fum wene,
the vii. toke the new College a Collegiate Chirch. The Parfon is yet
Land awaye. caullid * the Dean of Midleham. The
Toun is fet on a Hille Side. The greate
Hil above hit more then a Mile of is cawllid Penhil, and is
countid the hieft Hille of Richemontfeire. Midleham Caftel
joynith harde to the Toun Side, and is the faireft Caftel ol
Richemontfeire next Bolton, and the Caftel hath a Parke by hit
caullid Sonskue, and a nother cawllid Weftpark, arid the third
caullid Gauneleffe half a Mile of. Weftparke and Gaunlejfe be
wel woddid.

r Side of Swale litis more then [a thowfand fotte from tie Frenche Gate Su-
fcurbe.] a The Deane. Thefe

LELAND'S ITINERARY; ttf
There is it the Eft Ende of Midlthatn a litle Hofpital witH
a Chapel of Jefeas.
a
Vehfele is a litle poore Market in The Houfes of thefe two
ripa fuperior e Uri. It ftandith not fat Tounnes be partly flatid,
from the Weftparke Ende of Midleham. partly thakkid.
Grenton is a litle Market Towne
ripa citer. Sualcs a vi. Miles Weft above Richemont.
The Market is of Corne and Linyn Cloth for Men of
Suadale, the wich be much ufid in digging Leade Owre.
On eche fide of Suadale be greate Hilles where they digge.
Litle Corne growith in Suadale.
a
Keterik Bridge felf hath but one Houfe as an Yn.
a
Keterik Towne is a Mile lower in dter. ripa Swalas. It is
now a very poore Towne, and is half a Quarter of a Mile
from the River Side. At Keterik is now no Market. Ther is
a Place cawllid Keterik Swart or Sandes hard by Keterik
Chirch, and ther about be quadam indicia of olde Buildinges,
and Digginges of * old fquarid ftones.
Richemont Caftel. Foi. 114.
Killarby Caftel Ruine in ripa citer. Sualie about a iii. Miles
beneth Keterik Bridge. It x longgid to the Cohyeux.
Horneby Caftel a iii. Miles from Suak, and a ii. Miles fi.naby
South from Keterik, and iii. Miles * North Weft from Midle- c^f ,
, TT Houfe of
ham apon Ure. _ the Lord
* Snape a goodly Caftel in a Valley longing to the Lorde La- Comers.
timer, and ii. or iii. Parkes welle Woddid aboWt hit. It *n*e
is his chefe Howfe, and ftondith a ii. Mile from Greatj™^0
Tanfeld. Pooles.
Great Tanfelde, wher is a Caftel on Tanfelde Caftel longgid to
a Banke longging to the Lorde Parre, the Lord Marmion, and fo
and ftondith on Ure. cam to the 4 Fitzhughs.
Bolton a very fair Caftel in Suadale

x longgid] I have let this word Hand, tho' there be a line drawn
through it iri the Orig. and that too, I think, by Mr. Leland's
own hand.

1 olde fquarid. 2 North Weft from Bedal, Midleham apon Ure, 3 Parlces
by Snape, 4 Fitzhuj;b, ftond-

ii8 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
flonding on a Balk, and underneth is a litle Broke. It is
within a Mile of the farther Side of Ure Water, and (as I
lernid) a iiii. Miles from Suale. It is the chefeft Howfe of
the Lorde Scrape. Ther is no Toune hard ' by it. Wenfea litle
Market is a ii. Miles of by Eft.
Ravenfwatbe Caftel in a Mares Grounde and a Parke on a
x litle * hangging Ground by hit. It is a iii. Miles by North
weft from Richemont, and therby is a praty Village. The
Lord Parre is Owner therof. and by hit cummith a Bekkc
caullid Ravenfwath Bekke.
There appere great Ruines in a Valley of. a Howfe or
a litle Caftel at Albruch Village, and thereby rennith a
Bekke. It ftandith a ii. Miles South from Perfee Bridg on
Tefee. There appere Ruines of like Build-
Cawdewel is fo caullid ofa inges at Cawdewelle Village a ii. Miles
litle Font, or Spring, by the Weft from Alburcge.
Ruines of the olde Place, and And betwixt thes two Villages ap-
fo rennith into a Bekke half a pere diverfe Hillettes caft up by Hand,
Quarter of a Mile of. This and many Diches, wherof fum be fillid
Bekke rennith thens to Al- with Water, and fum of the Dikes ap-
burcg, and a v. Miles 4 of to pere i abowt tS. John's, that is Paroch
Tefe, ripa citer. fi5ThisTefe ri- Chirch to both the aforfaid Villages.
fith [in a Marifhe about a The Dikes and Hilles were a Campe
ii. Myle Southe Weft above of Men of Warre, except Menne
Caldwell.] mighte think they were of Ruines of
fum old [Towne. The] more 6 likeli
hood is that it was a Campe of Men of Warre.
Syr James Metcalf hath a very goodly Howfe caullid Nappe
in Wenfedale. Wenfedale and the Soile about is very Hilly,
and berith litle Corne, but norifith many Beftes. Wenfedale,
a
as fum fay, taketh Name of Wenfele Market. For Wenfele
ftandith on the hither Side of Ure, and
Vennones Men of Wenfedale. ftraite on the farther Side beginnith
Wenfedale.

L. litle hilling Ground, fi This Tefe rifith] L. This Bek rifith.

r by hit. a hilling Ground, 3 abowte. 4 of into Tefe. 7 This
Bek rifith in a Marisk about [a 2. Mylej Souths [Weft above Caldwell]
< likelyhod.

Nappt

LELAND'S ITINERARY. !r$
Nappe is abowt a vii. Miles Weft from Venfela Market,
but communely it is caullid No Caftel.
Bisfeops Dale lying by Ure in ripa
citer. and contdning a forte of greate Bisfeops Dale longith to the
Felles with Dere liyth South Weft King, and yn the Hilles about
within a Quarter of a Mile of Nappe, hit be Redde Deer. In faire
So that this Dale lieth upward Wefte Winters theDeerekepe there,
betwixt the upper Partes oiUredale and in fhrap Winters they for-
Sualedale. fake the extreme Colde and
Mr. Bowis hath a litle Howfe a iiii. Barennes of them.
Miles Northward from Keterik.
Mr. Cunniers of Maske hath a faire Place at Maske Village
within a Quarter of a Mile of Swale ripa ulter. ii. Miles be.
Weft from Richemont.
S. Henry Gajcoyne dwellith at a prety Place caullyd Sedbyri
having a prety Parke, and a litle Lake in hit. It is a iii.
Miles be North from Richemont.
Mr. Pudfey hath a Place at Barforde an Arow Shot from
Tefe in ripa citer. and is a vi. Miles beneth Barnardes
Caftel. Mafter Rokeby hath a Place caullid Mortham a litle beneth
Grentey Bridge almoft on the Mouth of Grentey.
M. Frank oi Knighton hath a preti Place caullid Knigtten
v. Miles North irom Richemont.
Wiclif a meane Gentilman dwellith at a litle Village caul
lid Wiclif,
[They] fey that John Wiclif H<ereticusl [was borne at
Sprejwel a poore Village a good Myle from Richemont.]
Abbayes and Priories on Suale. Foi. tie,
Marii a Priory of Blake Nunnes of v. * Miles above Richemont.
the Foundation of the Askes. It ftond- Grenton is a Mile above Marii.-
ith ripa ulter.
Syr Rafe Bowmer hath a Place at Marii3 Toun flonding
on a Hille Side half a Mile from the Priori ftondirig in a
Botom. Ellerton, ab alnis diclum, a Priori of White clothid Nunnes Monachi
flonding in a Valle in ripa citer. a Mile beneth Marii <¥"'''",/»<
Priory.

I [was borne at Sprefwe]l a poor Vilfjage a good Myle from Richemont. J
2 Mile, 3 Towne.
S. Mar*

J2P LELAND'S ITINERARY,
S. Martinet Priori a Celle to S. Mari Ahbay qi Torke in
ripa citer. a litle beneth Richemont.
S. Agathes an Abbay of White Chanons ripa ulter., a li
tle beneth S. Mftrtines. The * Lorde Scrape was Founder
there. Apon Ure.
. Urivallfs
Lord ilW.* was the firfte . Gervftlx. 4bba7 °f. White Monk«
Founder, whofe Landes cam ^* "*™" a 11. Miles beneth M&-
to the Fitzbughes, and fo to -OT> . „
the P«TO. 4>«* eover-
There was good finging in Coverham a Howfe of White Cha-
Coverham. nQns *n r*Pa uher. fcante ii. Miles from
Middleham by Weft.
Apon Skel.
Fontaines Abbay of White Monkes yn Richemontfeir.
Apon Tefe.
Mglefton, citer* ripa, a Priory of White Chanons, a Mile
beneth Barnardes Caftel that is on the farther -Ripe. About
Varium a Quarter of a Mile beneth Mglefton is a faire Quarre of Blak
Marmor. Marble fpottid with White, in the very Ripe of Tefe.
Ther is no Collegiate Chirch in Richemontfeire.
Ther be ii. Deaneris Keterik and Richemont.
The Archidiaconry of Richemont hath goodly Revenews,
and hath a peculiar Jurifdidion of Richemontfeire as exempte
from the Bisfhop.
Torevalx Abbay of White Monkes.
Munnemonketon on Nidde.
Rivers of Name in Richemontfhire.
Gretey cummith by a Village cawllid
The B'arningams in times Barningam in citer. ripa, wher dwellith
paft had great Landes. a meaneGentilmanManine.cawllid Bar-
By Gretey Bridge is a Park ningam. Thens to Gretey Bridg about
of the Lord Scrapes caullid ii. Miles, where be aliquot diverjoria.
Brigriel Parke, Latine * brevis Thens to Mortbam, Mr. Roiesby Place,
Mons. in ripa citer. fcant a Quarter of a Mile
from Gretey Bridge, and not a Quarter
of a Mile beneth into Tefe.
Wiske River cummith thorowg Wisk bridg, wher is no

t Lord. 2 beilus Men;, Howfing,

LELAND'S iTINE"RA*T.
Jflowfing, to Danby in citer. ripa, a prati Tounlet in Riche
montfeire a iiii. Mile, and of the River is caullid Danby Wiske.
then to Nortbalreton abowt a ii. Miles of in ulter. ripa. fo
downe to Kirkby Village a  Miles, and after into
Swale. Ther is a Broke hereabowt caullid
Leminges Bek cumming from Bedal in

121

citer. ripa, a fair Market Toune, and

Leming to us ward is a v.
Mile a this fide Keterik Bridg
yn the way betwixt Richemont
and Torke.

next to Richemont felf in the Sheere.
Thens to Leming Village.
Swale above Grenton kepith one Botom a . . . . Myles,
and above that is encrefid of many Springes reforting to
Swaledale. In the Egge of Swaledale is a preaty
Jflegartb clegartb-
dale. Ure cummith thoroug Wenfedale long
ing to Richemontfeir. Thens to Midle
ham. So to Torevalx Abbay a ii. Miles.
To Tanfeld Village a vi. Miles of in
ulter. ripa, wher is a Caftel of the Lorde
Parrs, and a greate Wooddy Parke. So
to Litle Tanfeld a Mile on the fame
Ripe, where Werkecap the Herald dwel
lith. Hither, as I here, both fides of
Ure be in Richemontfeire. From Litle
Tanfeld to Ripon aboute a iii. Myles. So
to * Borow x Brigde.
Cover River rifith, as I here fay, in
Craven fide, [rieere Skale Parke] and fo cumming down [a
a 2. or 3. Miles keepeth above a Place] caullid Cover-dale,
fand fo cometh by St. Si  Chappell to Coverham,
and foe into Ure.

The Broket of Applegarth-
dale cummith into Suale per
ripam ulteriorem a litle beneth
Marske Mr. Coniers Place.
There is no Vale, as I here,
in Richmontfeir that is caullid
UrefdaU, but the Dale that
Ure firft rennith [to] is caul
lid Wenfedale.
Ther be fum that fay Ure
rifith at Moffmore yn Riche
montfeire. Skel cummith on the one
Side of Ripon, and Ure on the
other.

* L. Bridge.

1 Borow Bridge. u] or j [Miles] kepeth [above a Place] caullid
Coverdale rand] fo cometh f>y St. Si ... * Chjapel to Coverhajn [and,
foe into Ure.]

Vol, 5.

u

Mr.

122 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Foi. 1 16. Mr. Place dwellith at aTlace caullid * Hduneby a vii. Miles
North Eft from Richemont.
Mr. Laffelles dwellith at a faire Place by Danby on Wiske
a Tbunlet. Mr. Keterik dwellith at * Stanewich having a preaty Place.
It is half a Mile Eft from Cawdewelle Village, wher'is feene
the Campe of Men of Warre.
The Limes Tefe pene a fontibus, and fo cumming downe by geffe a
be North. xvjij_ M;]es ripa citer{ori devidith Richemontfeire from the
Bisfhoprike. Wiske Bridge a iii. Miles a ripa citer. oiTefe devidith Riche
montfeire from Cliveland.
Richemontfeire liith harde ap- There is a Place an viii. Mile plaine
on the Borders pf Cravenland. Weft from Bowis, (Bowis is viii. Miles
Part of Torkfeire and Craven almoft ful Weft from Richemont Toun)
liyth South Wefte from Riche- a Thorough-fare in Richemotfeire cawl-
mcntfeire. lid Maiden Caftel, where is a greate
rounde Hepe a 60. Foote in Cumpace
of rude Stones, fum fmaul, fum bygge, and be fet informam
pyramidis ; and yn the Toppe of them al ys fet one Stone in
conum, beyng a Yard and a half in lenghth. So that the hole
may be countid an xviii. Foote hy, and ys fet on a hille in
the very Egge of Stanembre. And this is a limes betwixt
Richemontfeire and Weftmerlande.
A Quarter of a Mile North from Maiden Caftel is a Bek
that goith into Tefe.
Arkengarth dale liith moft up North, and bereth fum
Bygge and Otys, litle or no Woodde, and is devidid from
Sualedale by a Bekk caullid after the Dale.
Sualedale litle Corne and much Grefle, no Wodd butLinge,
and fum Nutte Trees, the Woodde that they brenne their
Leade is brought owte of the Parte of the Shire, and owt of
Dirhamjhir. Uredale veri litle Corne except Bygg or Otes, but plenti
ful of Greffe in Communes.
Coverdale is worfe then Sualedale or Urejdale for Corne, and
hath no Woode but about 3 Coverham Abbay.
Bisfeops Dale liyth right Weft at the
There is a praty Car or Hedde of Coverdale more up into Wefe-
Pole in Bisfeops Dale. merland having no Corn but Deere.

I Hauneby a vii Mile, z Stanewiche, 3 CoYeram Abbay. In

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 123
In thefe Dales and the greate Hilles aboute them is very litle
or no Woodde.
The hole Cuntery of Richemontfeire The * befte Woddes liyth
by Efte from the Hylles and Dales ys be Eft of Suale and Ure Ri-
plentiful of Whete, Rye and meately vers.
good Medowes and Wooddes.
In the Dales of Richemontfeire they
burne Linge, Petes and Turtles. There is Plenty of good
In Places where they cutte downe Stone to be fquarid in very
Einge good Graffe fpringith for the many Places of Richemont-
Catel for a Yere or ii. ontil the Ling feire. The Shire hath Plenty
overgrow hit. of Tyllage.
There be no Cole Pittes in Riche
mont ; yet the Eaftarly Partes of Richemontfeire burne much
Se Coles brought owt of Dyrhamjhire.
N. B.
The Lorde Conyes hathe a CafteU in Richemontfhire
caullyd Horneby, and ther is his ufuall Dwellynge.
The Lord Latimer hathe a goodly place at Sinnington in
Blake more not far from Ripon.
The Striklands hathe a fayre Maner place at Thornton
Bridge a 2. Myles from Ripon. Stanford bridge a 5. Myles
or 6. by Eft to Yorke toward Kyrkham priorie. Where
the Danes faught.
Wrefhil a very fayre and mynion Caftle of the Peris fum
tyme fet on Darwent.
Mowgrene Caftle not far from Whitby fomtyme long-
ynge to Bygot Mountferrant Caftle not far from Getering-
ton Maft : Bigots place.
The Hedde Howfe of the Metcalfes is cawlyd Knapper
Cafle in Richemountfhire. -
Myllam Caftle in Richemountfhire hathe many great Co-
modities of redde Dere and fallow.
The very figure of Horsfhois appere in Stones nere the
Pides Waulle.
' A Marchaunt Man of Norwyche made halfe the Wall of
Norwiche. Norwiche,

1 befte Wooddes.
N. B. What follows to the End of this Volume is fupplied from Stowe.
u 2 From

i24 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
From Higham ferres to Bedford by Pafture and Corn*
grownd a 10 Myles.
The Lymes betwixt Northamptonfbire and Bedford was
in the Way a 4. Myles from Higham ferrars in the Way to
ward Bedforde. ,
Newenham a Howfe of Chanons a Myle benethe Bedford
apon the Ryver.
Ther be many Holmes otherWyfe litle Ifles in the river
betwixt Bedforde and Newham.
Newenham Abbey was tranflatyd from S, Paules in Bed*
ford. S. Paules was a Howfe of Prebendaries afore the Con-
queft. One Symon de Bello*campo chaungyd them by a new
Foundation to Chanons reguler the whiche in the fecond
Priors tyme were tranflatyd to Newenham.
|edford In Bedford be 7 paroche Chirchis 3 in the Southe parte
of Ufe, and 4 on the Northe Syde, with a place of Grey
Friers. Bedford 20 myles from Bukyngham and 10 Myles from
Huntingdon, From Bedford to Luton a Market towne in Bedfordfhire
12 Myles, mofte by Come ground fomwhat hillye chalkey
Soyle. In the hye Way I faw hard on eche fyde 3 longe trenches,
as they had bene for Men of warre.
From Luton to S. Albons 8 Miles by woody and enclofyd
ground ; to Barnet 10 myles and other 10 to London lyke
Soyle. By Barnet is a Corner of Henfeld Chafe.
Syr Thomas Kiriell was prifoner in Fraunce, and that
longe aftar that He cam home to Libertye He maryed one
Chicheleys Cfiamberlaine of London's Doughtar caulyd Eli
zabethe. This Chicheley dwellid in Hartelane in a fyde
Chicheley of Towre Strete, where now is the Bakers Hawle, Chiche
ley was Brothar to Chycheley Archbyfhope of Cauntorbery,
aftar Kyryell had this Howfe by the right of Elizabethe his
Wyfe, Kyryell had no Children by Hir, aftar his deathe
She was maried unto Ser Rafe Afcheton Knyght Marciale,
and he beinge deade She was thirdly maryed to Ser John
Bourcher Uncle to the laft Erie of the Bouchers of Effex,
She had nevar Childe. Edward Poynings made pade with
Boucher and Elezabethe to have Oftranger aftar theyr Deathe and

LELAND'S ITINERARY. aaj
*nd to enter into it * they lyuyrtge paiet then Cheche-
fcyfte of London had 24 Children Werewifce Village Werewike
Wherby is-Werewicke bridg ndly mad apon 4 old arches, vaia£e
apon EydOrt by the coftes Of Maftar Richerhont Marchant
of London. It ftondithe on Eydon river 3 miles abbve
Carluel. There be 3 pkrteS in Tame towne. Tame
Old Tame in the way from the Churche, toward but not
full to the Market Stede.
The Market Stede and the fayreft parte of the towne to
ward London way is cawlyd new Tame.
The 3 is Preftes ende toward the Churche and bridge to
ward Hafeley.
There be 2 Bayles in Tame and 4 Coneftables, 2 in the
Hew Towne, one in the old towne, another in Prefteine,
The Hed of Kenne Rever.
It rifethe at Kenmore in a poole fomwhat large about
a myle in compafe and muche fifhe in it. The Place of
the Heade and all the Baronye of Kendale is in Weftmorland.
and kepithe Sher Courts at Apleby, and byfyde thethar cum-
mythe all Weftmerland. a
Kenne nuage and more is a 8 myles fiat nothe from Ken
dall on the way to Perithe, and ther is a Chapell longynge
as a parte onto Kendale Paroche. Kentmore haul Gilpins
howfe. The firft parte of the river defcendithe in betyxt
2 hilles. New bridge 2 miles lower of tymber. Then to
b
Barley a fmaule of Stone bridge in Staneley hamlet a myle
lower, Thens 2 myles to bowftone bridge of Stone, then to
Burneffyde a myle wher the Bellenghams dwell and is of Stone.
Then to Kendale a Myle and halfe lower, and rennythe
thrwghe framen gate bridge of Stone havynge 8 or 9 arches.
and the Paroche Churche by Eft is towchid with this ryver,
and thens a quartar and more ofa myle it goythe to Nether-
bridge of Stone of 3 or 4 arches flandynge playne efte to
ward Yorke, and thens 4 or 5 miles to lenenbridge of Stone
and then to .  Gates notable Kendale

«e f. They leaving paiement till then. as

Iz6 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
as wayes but not defenfible. Stricland Gate to Stridand
Village North-ward Framangate named of the Bridge. Kyrke-
gate. the greatyft Stret lyethe Northe and Southe. Pronte
river goithe into Ken ryver a myle above framangate Bridge.
Ther longithe about a 30 Chapells and Hamlets to the hedd
Chirche of Kendale. The Parfonage was inpropriate to S.
Mari of Yorke. The Caftle is by Eft halfe a quarter of a
Myle from the towne.

The End of the Fifth Volume of
Mr. LeiaNb's Itinerary.

A Letter

127

A Letter containing an Account of
fome Antiquities between Wind
sor and Oxford.

E I N G fo happy as to enjoy your Converja-'^t tteca-
tion about an Hour three Years fince a„fion°ftka
mongft other Things, you were pleas'd toLetWr'
mention fome Obfervations you had made in
your Journey, between Windfor and this
Place. Some of them agreed in a great
meafure with thofe which I had made fometime before, and
for that reafon you defir'd me to write to you, as foon as I had
any fpare time, a fhort Account of them, that you might con-
fider them at your Leifure, and remitt them in your Notes of
the other Counties of England. In complyance therefore with
your Requeft, I fend you what my memory at prefent fuggefts
to me, together with feveral Occafional Remarks and Refiehions,
which as they cannot but be kindly receiv'd by a Perfon of
your known Candour and Humanity, fo am I very fenfible that
they will receive divers valuable Improvements from that large
Stock of Materials which you have been laying together
with great Diligence and equal Skill for the fpace of feveral
Tears. %. 2. The firft Place you told me you ftopp'd at,
after you left Windfor, was a little Village fituated
about fix Miles from it, call'd Shottesbrooke, or, as
I find it written in the old Valor Beneficiorum, Sot-
tesbrooke x; which Valor was made about the 17th.
Year fi of King Edward the Firft's Reign, and we

ShotteilrooTte a Village
near Windfor. An Ex
cellent MS. of the old
Valor Benefaiorum. A
fmall Religious Houfe
at Sbutesbnoke.

x Sotesbroc in Domes-day Book ; but Scbotesbroke in the Evi
dences.! (hall mention by and by. fi See.Ranu/pb. Ceftrienf. fub
*n, Dom. Mcctxxxix. 17,. Ed. I. have

X%$ An Account of feme Antiquities'
have an excellent Copy of it in the Bodlejan Library^
which was written much about that time, and formerly be
long'd to Sir Henry Spelman. In this Place you informed me
you faw nothing hardly worth remarking, but fome Remains
of a fmall Religious Hbufe, concerning which however you
faid you had not found any thing of note, either in printed
or written Books, but that it's Valuation before the Dijfoluti-
on, according to the Tables of Mr. William Burton, the Ley-
cefterfeire Antiquary, (printed in Mr. Speed's Hiftory oi Eng
land) and Sir William Dugdale, or rather Mr. Roger Dodf-
worth, (printed in the firft Volume of the Monafticon Angli-
canum) was 33/. 18*. id. and that the Learned Dr. Tanner
in his Notitia Monaftica, p. 7, 8. tells us, that the Original
Writings relating to this Place were then (An. mdcxciv.) in
the Hands of William Cherry, Efq; Lord of the Mai
nour of Shottesbrooke. §. 3. Now as to what Dr. Tanner has faid con-
Dr. Tamer has <rm- cernincr thefe Writings, upon Inquiry about nine
fitted a t™."f Years "fince, I found it to be a Miftake, moft of
take about the Writings » . --J o j t, ,
relating to this Col- them being then in the Hands ot Mr. dtepben td-
tege -, moft of which wards of White Waltham, who procur'd them by his
TheHanndsof M™'st near Re]ation to the Wddons (to whom the Lands
fhen Ed-wards. They of the College of Shottesbrooke once belong'd,) and
are fince come to he was afterwards pieas'd to communicate feveral
fRANcis cherry, qc taem to mej which are fince (by Mr. Edwards's
Leave and Permiffion) come into the Hands of
Francis Cherry, Efq. Son to the faid Mr. Wi lli am
Cherry. I have got a Tranfcript of moft.of them by me,
and they will be of ufe hereafter to fuch Perfeons as have Cou
rage and Refolution (and are withal qualify'd with Learning,
Judgment and Induftry) to undertake the Publication of ano
ther Volume of the Monafticon.
The Foundation of . §• 4- From thefe Writings it appears that Sir Wil-
the College m&Cbantt- Ham TruJfeU of Cublefdon in Staffardfeire, Knight,
,i of Sbotmbroote, (Coufin-German to Sir William Truffel, Knight, who
£££.«*?£?£ Pronounc'd'the Sentence of Depofttion againft King
$in$ Rickariii. Edward II. x) in the year mcccxxxvii. being the
xith. year of the Reign of King Edward III. found
ed here a College and Cbanterie for one Warden, five Priefts

x See KnightoM,,s Hift. de Eventibus Anglia, at the End of
King Eaward II. Alfo Craftari's Chron. Stowe's Annals,
&c. or

Between Windfor and Oxford. 129
or Chaplains x, and two Clerks, appropriating thereto the
Church of Shottesbrooke by Virtue of Apoftolical Letters.
This College, with the Church and Chanterie, was dedicated
to St. John Baptift, and Sir William took care to have it
fuflicientiy endow'd ; but having continued for fome Years,
it was at length red uc'd to fuch a deplorable Condition by Fire
and other Accidents, that the Pri efts and Clerks quite relin-
quifh'd it, none remaining but Mr. John Bradford the War
den. , Upon which the faid King Edward, toward the latter
End of his Reign, taking thefe Difafters into his Royal Con-
ftderatiorfa gave Licence for the Impropriation oi the Church
of Battlefden in Berks to it, which accordingly was done in
the Year jmccclxxx. foon after the King's Death. Other
BenefatTtqns were afterwards made to it, and King Richard
II. in the 16th. Year of his Reign granted Licence to the
Warden and College to purchafe new Lands and Tenements.
§. 5., When I formerly look'd over fome of Mr.
Afemole's Papers in his Mufeum at Oxford, I a Mi/lake of Mr. Alh-
found that he had noted that this Church with the mole, sir William Truf-
College was founded by Sir John Trufell, K(. (Elder {St^ch^rf
Brother to Sir William) and Maud his Wife, Daugh- As Mo thZ Daughter
ter to Sir William Butler, Lord of Wemme, and Margaret. HaEfitapb.
that they were both buried here. I fuppofe this
Miftake arofe from want of Infpedion into the Chartularies,
whence it plainly appears, that Sir William himfelf was fele
Founder, without mention of his Wife as joyntly concern'd
in it, he being at that time, I believe, unmarry'd. And 'tis
not Sir John and his Lady, but Sir William and his Lady,
(Sifter to Edward Butler, Brother to the abovefaid Sir Wil
liam) that lye buried here, their Monument, ereded againft
the North Wall of the North Crofs of the Church, being now
to be feen. He lyes wrapt up in Lead, and fhe in Leather
at his Feet, as appears from a Defeil in the Wall. They had
Iftue one Son, nam'd John, who dy'd fine prole, and one
Daughter, nam'd Margaret, Wife to Sir Fouk Pembrug, K1.
She dy'd in the third year of the Reign of Henry IV. (An.
Dom. mcccci.) and likewife lyes bury'd here in the North
Crofs. For on the Verge of a fair Marble Grave-Stone (having

x If the Rents would bear it there were five more to be added ;
but they were .not to exceed that Number,
Vol. 5. x th*

,«, Am Aasiwt ef ' fsms Aeiiqmties
fe F«t cf a Lady m the ffett of thofe Times, cut in
a^J) is *e following £/»&!/£. to her Memory ;
%n <mt fcaira MiioAKiT, quifniff fe tane
masfe F . . ? Pennbrigg • ? . t§rt>ate, F^ pw
to a Jam &al to fata* tit pirn, st mew?* Amen.
«« *.i ten a « 6. Now <ho» the 'C&arefc* as well as the G£
€&»»<» at .&!wff«<».*>fe ^ ,0f Sbortesbrvoi-e, was founded by Sir Wiltiam
^i?*^/™* TrulfelL fas may likewife in fome meafiire be ga-
ji:>aaSB&kgSv0,3liim itujjlu, j_*= 11 * rU^rU' which is
%.«&L Slxue&m&t therd from the Figure of the Cfcztrc*, wnicffl is
ougimBy tafeen «* made in Form ¦ of a Crofs, by way of Alluiion to
df^efteO»>fV3i«- gir WMmlh Jiraa% wbich 1 have feen in feveral
^ Manufcripts of Heraldry, and were formerly pamt-
cd over his Sepulchral Mmumertt, but have been fince defac d ;
1 fey noroirhftanding Sir mifiam built both the CAm* and
CoZfcwl yet here had been a Church, itot? £u Ids decent and
WrfM fong before, and therefore he is by no means to
&e r«Wq the On^'atf ^asaAr- This is clear not only
from the old F*£r Beneficiorum, *but«ren from Dpmejday-Book

m &tf am *a» Damefday-Booi It felf.] By which I alfo
fend that the Church oi Abbots- Waltham, or Wbite-Wal-
iham, at felf in the time of the Conqueror, when the bur-
vsr was made, was very fmall, muchlefs, I beheve, than us
now, agreeable tp the Methods of building, the moft early
Churches, which were nothing near fo magnificent and
large as afterwards, as may partly appear from the firft v^hurch
that was built in this Ifle at Glaftenbury. But that the Reader
himfelf may make his own Remarks I fhall add the Paffages
liiat concern not only Shottesbrooke, but Laurence-Waltham
and White-Woltham, as I find them inferted in my Colledions
from Doznefday-Book. JO*r'
' Jjsvardus mrifaber ten. de rege in Benes Hundred tiotei-
Ikoc- Pater ejus tenuit de reglna Eddid. Tunc & modo pro 7 ,
hi£s. Terra eft 8. ear. In dominiofunt 2. car. & 24. i)iHanix
£f 2. cetftesc, cum 10. car. Ihiecclefta & 2. fervi. 7. <rcrvr
*/¦/«/. /*<*&«/ 7. #*• ««& 6. ££. ,
i&* fe*. /« ^m/h/o Waltham. Eddid regina tenuit. Tunc
froB.bidis. Modo pro nichilo. Terra eft 16. car. In dominto
flint 2* car. fcf 32. viUani,& 4. «*£«, cum !5* """• ^ 4*'
ftmi. Silva de 150. />or«V.
J T. R.

Between Wiradfer emd Oxford. 131
it fel£ Bat I cotsld never yest learn when, nm by issSsoim,
'twas firft founded. In aH probability (at leaflets my ©pi
nion at prefent) this little Parijb wa* taken out ©f the- n«xt
Parijb caft'd White? or rather Abbot's? Walthumy lying ors the
£g/? fide of it. In the moft earfy Times Parifbes were off a
Awy*. Extent. Afterwards other Cbwehvsr weve taken otrt of
them by the Lords of Manmrs, and fo the Number of Pa-
rijbes increa&'d as the Lords of Mammrs weire.willing teered:
new Churches ; which Liberty was fo> far iadulg'd' and allow'd
as tbe Lo%d took care to have a'Parochhal Miniftsr fettled,,
who ftrould look after the Souls of the: People within foeb a
PreeincJ as by tbis new* Foundation, abtain'd the Name ©f at
Parijb. When Lords of Manours undertook fuch Works- of
Piety, all the Lands, Houfes and 7««»?re;2ftr belonging to fuch
a partkitlar Manowr were alotted to> the new church? and
made a diftinEl Parife from the old one. I take Shottesbrooke1
-to have had it's Rife' from, fucb an occafton.. The King
having granted it to one of his Pamawites (it being Parr of
his. Demeafnesy and hdd of the Craiim by a certain Knights

T. R". E. & poftiew valebat 12. lib. modd 1©, UK tamen red-
dit 15. lib* ad.penfam.
Terra epifcbpi Danelmenfis. In Benes; HimcL
Epifeapus Dunelmenjis ten* de rege- Waltham in- elemB-
ftiia. Uluuinus cananicus tenuit de Heraldo- comite* Tunc & modo?
pro 3. hidis. Terra eft 6. car. In. dominia funt 2. is" 8- viSani9
fcf 3. cotfceZf cum 4. car, Ibi T^fevvi, & 3. acra prat'u. SUva
de 6. porcis.
T. R. E* valebat 60. foil & pofi jo, feL modo ioq, felid.
Terra Ecclefiae de Certefyge. In Beners. Hund„
Abbatia de Certefyg. ten. Waltham de domini'o v'iSfw Mo-
nachorum. T. R. E. tenuit. Tunc C3* rnodo fe defend. pro 10.
hidis. Terra eft 12. car. In dbminio funt 2. car. & 18. villani?
turn 10. car. Ibi unus fervus, &' ecchfioia; & g. acne pratK
Silva de 5. porch. De ead. terra ten. Tur oldies 1. hidamr &
imam virgatam de abbate, Cif ibi bt z. car. cum 2. cof/cez. 7&t.
T. R- E. valebat 8*. lib. mode pars abbatis 6. lib. TuroMi r©.
feL x % Ser-

I ?2 An Account of fome Antiquities
Service x ;) in Procefs of Time a Church was ereded, and
all the Lands appertaining to the Manour were annex'd to
it, and made a different Parijb from the Parifh of White-
Waltham to which they belong'd before /3. Hence 'tis that
feveral Pieces of Ground, as Part of the Nokes, Part of Mer
lin Pitts, and fome Lands in Bredcroft and other Fields, lye
in the Midft of White-Waltham Parifh, and are unrounded
by Lands that are acknowledg'd and confefs'd to be of the
Parijb of White-Waltham, and yet are always reckon'd to be
Part of the Parijb of Shottesbrooke. Thefe Small Parcells ol
Land being known at that time, when the Grant was firft
made from the Crown, to be Part of the Manour oi Shottefe.
brooke, when the Lord of the Manour came to found and
ered a Church the whole Manour was (as ufual) made a Pa-
rife, and fo all thefe featter'd Lands have been ever iince ac
counted as Part of it.
§. 7. After King Richard II. had given leave to
The State ofthe Col- the College to purchafe new Lands and Tenements, I
hge from Rkbardu. find nothiriK more of moment about it in the GW-
:ime till the Vij/olu- . b
•ion.'Di.Willitaifnmc- tularies that I have feen and confulted ; only 1 ga-
Ww/MthelaftWWni. ther that it continu'd in a ftourifeing State 'till the
time" of the Diffolution of Religious Houfes, y and I

x See Appendix Num. I, II, III. /3 For fome Light in this
Affair fee a CoVetlion of Difcourfes by eminent Antiquaries p. 50.
publifh'd by Mr. Hearne. 8°. 1720. y and I believe the laft
Warden was Dr. William Throcmorton, &c] But fince the
writing of this I find that he was not the laft Warden. For
I gather from a MS. that relates to the Provifion that was
made for divers Religious Perfons, that were great Sufferers
upon the Diffolution, that Robert Vere was Warden after
him *, tho' it does not appear whether he was his immediate
fucceffor or not. This MS. is in the hands of the learned
Mr. Francis Cherry, and is of my own hand writing,
having been tranfcrib'd by me at my firft coming to Oxford
(tho' at the drawing up of this Letter I had forgot that this
particular was in it) for Mr. Cherry's ufe out of another
* So that the College of Shottesbrooke was not one of the
leffer Houfes that were diffolv'd in the 27th. Year of H. 8. but
one of thofe that were diflblv'd in the 37th. Year of his
Reign, Tran-

Between Windfor and Oxford. 13 J
believe the laft Warden was Dr. William Tbrocmorton u. who
lyes buried in the Church of 'Shottesbrooke. For fome time
fince when I view'd and writ ddWn the Epitaphs here, I
took notice of a little rais'd Monument againft the North-
Wall of the Chancel, on the Top of which Jyes the Figure
in Alabafter of a Prieft in his Habit, and in the Middle this
Epitaph :
^$ZVt Ipetfi Wylliam Throcmorton, y&ttift, SDOftOt;
of Jlatoe, late flKlariim of tgp0 €f,mtff, tofiirtj Ue«
teffpOtge i2tg imp of Januari Anno Domini 0 1535*
on togotg &ouIe Jhu gafce mtvtp* Amen,.
£ terra /» vilem refoluto corpore terram,
SanEiam expeilo dei mifericordis opem.
ExfpeSto fee nitidum rediviva carnis amiclum,
Et tandem excelft regna beat a poli.

Tranfcript that had been taken from a MS. in the hands of
my learned and candid Friend, Peter Le Neve Efq;
Norroy K. at Arms as appears from this Note at the begin
ning, viz. E Cod. MS. penes Petrum leNeveArmig. cui titu-
lus, Feuda, Annuitates, Corrodia, & Penfiones diverfis per-
fonis pro termino vitas vel annorum, vel quoufque &c. con-
ceffa per Clerum in pofterum folvenda & exoneranda, viz. in
Fefto S. Mich. A. D. 1555. vigorecujufdam Adus Parlamenti
in ea parte editi, & prout in quibufdam indenturis fadis inter
Regiam Majeftatem & Rev. in Chrifto Patrem Dominum Re-
ginaldum Pole Cardinalem particulariter apparet.  It would
be of good Service to our Antiquaries to have this Book pub-
lifh'd intire ; but I fhall only extrad that Paffage that relates
to Shottesbrooke. It is as follows :
Com. Berk.
Penfio Roberti Vere nuper Guardiani Coll.
SS. Joh. Bapt. ibidem xvib. Xs.
Penfio Thomae Barraby unius Sociorum
onur.i.csDiui>js.c \n 11 rs
/ Penfio Willielmi Standyfh, unius Miniftro-
rum Coll. ibid. xxxiis. ivd.
x This Throcmorton took his Degree of Dr. of Laws beyond
the Seas, but vyas afterwards incorporated with us. Vid. Athen.
Oxon. Vol. I. col. 668. fi 27. Hen. 8. the very time in
which the lefler Abbies were diflblv'd, I mean thofe that had
not 2colb. per annum. §. 8.

*34 An Account of feme Antiquities-
§. 8. Befides the two Epitaphs that I have tra»-
The Monuments of fcrib'd above, there are fome other Monuments and
f^L^E^i Motions in. this Church that will very well de-
Morgan. ferve the ferious Confideration of a Chriftian, an
Antiquary and a Scholar ; but I fhall take notice of
two only at prefent, the one of a venerable and holy old Man,
the other of a wg/? religious and virtuous Lady. Tbe Name
of the former was Thomas Noke Efq;, who lyes buried in the
North-Crofs, and over him is laid a Marble Grave-Stone,
whereon is reprefented (in Brajs-Plates). the Figure of an old
Man in a. Gown. On bis right Hand is the Effigies of bis firft
^7/^, and on his left of his fecond and third Wife,, under
whofe Feet is this Epitaph :
^tit Ipetfi burieb Thomas Noke, tofio foe 0i0 gjeat
0ge anb bertuoug ILpfe, brass rebe^cnteb of allien,
anb tommonlp talleb ifatjjer Noke, ctreateb CO
quivt bp Hing Henry tfje etgfjt, ^e toass of fetatnre
ijtgfj aittr romfp, anb for gtss excellent? tit £rttflerp
maire ftecuman of tfie Ctotone of Englamd. ©afiicJj
gal» in fiig ILpf e i%m Wibt$, ant> bp eberp of tfjem
fome j*nrite anb £Hf0pttng -, anb beteafeb rfie 21,
bap of Auguft 1567,. tn tfje ftavt of fiig 3ge 87^
leading befiiiibc fiim Julyan fits laft Mtft, ttoa of
gig JIBtctfivcji, one differ, one onlp &on, ano ttoo
HXmgfitersi, libing*
Under this Epitaph are the Figures firft of three Daughters
and one Sany next of three Sons and two Daughters, and
laftly of one Daughter. His exemplary Courfe of Life, ma-
»ag'd with all the Gravity and SanSity that is requir'd by the
ftriilcft Virtue, and yet with all the Prudence, Diferction and
£«0<i Humour of a Gentleman, gain'd him great Honour,, Efteem
and Reputation, and his Name is often mention 'd with the
bigheft RejpeSr amongft the Inhabitants of thefe Parts to this
Day. He was in earneft with Religion, did all the good he
was able with his Wealthy maintain'd an unblemi-fed Con-
Jcience, liv'd peaceably with his Neighbours, and was a true
Friend to Pet fens of all Conditions. This made him always
chearfu', awl mightily condue'd to prolong his Life. His
Death was very much lamented, and as there was a good
Number of People that fhevv'd their Refpsd to him in a di-
ftinguifhing manner upon that occafion, fo we ought to take
particular notice of that ftgnal Mark of Honour paidhimby the

Between Windfor and Oxford.' 1 35
tihe Lady Elizabeth Haby, who compos'd the enfulng Epitaph
wpon him, which is ingrav'd on a Brafs Plate fet near the
lower End of Mr. Noke's Grave-Stone..
Epitaphium dominae Elizabeths* Hobbia in mortem
Thoma Noke.
O muhwm Steele fenex, pdter atque vocatus,
Vel quia grandavus, vel quia probus eras.
Armas vixifti navies decern, atque fateUes
Fidus eras regum, fidus erajque iuis.
Jam fat is funtlus valeas, fed tu Delis ahne,
Sic mi hi co nee das vivere, fic-que mori.
x The following Verfes made by this Lady Eliz. Haby in
memory of her Hufband Sir Thomas Hoby are here inferted
agreeably to Mr. Hearne's Intentions. See his Copy of Leland
&c. in Bodl. Libr. Vol. 5. p. 108.
In Bifeam Church in Berks near Great-Marlow,
Elizabetha Hobaea conjunx ad Thomam Hobaeurra
equitem maritum.
O dolus conjunx. anima pars maxima noftrte,
Cujus erat V'tt<e Vita medulla mete ;
Cur ita conjunBos divellunt invida fata,
Cur ego fum vidua foia reUcla thoro?
Anglia feelices, foelices Gallia vidit,
Per mare per terras nofter abivit Amor,
Par fortunatum fuimus, dum viximus una :
Corpus erat duplex, fpiritus unus erat.
Sed nihil in terris durat cbarifjime conjunx,
.. Tu mihi tu teftis ftebilis effe pates.
Dum patriae fervis, dum publico commada trail 'as t
Occidis ignola trifle cadaver humo.
Et miferi nati flammis febrilibus ardent :
£%uid facerem tantis heu mihi merfa mails ?
Infielix eonjunx, infeelix mater oberro,
Te vir ademptefteo, vos mea membra fleo.
Exeo funeftis terris, hinc rap fa cadaver
Conjugis, hinc prolis languida membra traho.
Sic uterum geftans, redeo terraque mariqut
In patriam, luElu perdita, mortis amans.
Chare mihi conjunx et pruftantiffime Thoma
Cujus erat retlumt fcf nubile quicquid erat. Elizabetha

j- g An Account of feme Antiquities
The other Monument that I fpoke of is one of Marble eredea*
in the Weft Wall oi the faid North-Croft to the Memory of
Mrs. Elizabeth Morgan, a Lady as eminent for Piety, SantJity,
Virtue, and all noble and laudable Accomplifements as moft of her
Sex. This will appear from the following Infcription (that is
put on the Monument) the Author of which declaring himfelf
againft all Flattery has defcrib'd her £htaHties neatly and ele
gantly every way agreeable to the Plainnefs, Sincerity, and
Innocence of her Life, Hac tabula, facra . efto .
Memorise
Qmatifftma? femina domina Elizabeths Morgan, filia>
Gvlielmi MoMAN e comitatu Monmouth militis ; qua
per fex annos feacro c'onnubii feedere fociata fuit Gvlielmo
Morgan e comitatu' Brecon armiger'o, &f mortalitatis feae
exuvias depofuit 28. Junii 1638.
Haud menliar poeta vanus, rigido
Nee fas erit mar mar i adulari ; hie facet
Sexus feui fpeculum, 'pietatis Cif
ModeJlia exemplar, decus conjugii,
Solamen tegri, "&¦ pauperis jacra anchor a :
0$uam fecit ort us nobtlem, C3° mores bonam.
Ethicis bene imbuta, & Oeconomicis,
Gnara domi imperare & par ere fimul :
Mori non merita, meruifjet niji
Caelum, & fedem, animas qua manet
Tarn pias.

Mr. DoD'
well'*

§. q. But before I pafs out of this ChurcblmuH not forget
to vifit the Grave which contains the Sacred; Afees oi one of
Death and the greateft and. yet one of the humbleft Men that the laft Age
Charaaer. hath bred, I mean the celebrated Mr. Henry Dodwell ; a

Elizabetha tjbi quondam gratiffima fpanfa
Hac lachrymis refert verba referia pijs.
Non potui prohibere mori, fed mortua membra
S)uo potero fqciam femper honor e coli,
Tu Deus autfimilem Thomas mihi redde maritumt
Aut reddant Thbmje me meafata viro.
Vid. Hear*. Coll. MSS. Vol. 31. p. 66. ' Name

Between Windfor and Oxford. ijji
Name that wiU be always mention'd with refpeSt as long as
there is any due regard for Religion, Virtue and Learning.
This Great Man died in the threefcore and tenth « Year of
his Age on. Thurfday June the feventh 171 1. a little after
four of the Clock in the Morning, fi and was buried on Sa

te He was born in the latter End of Otlober mdcxli.
but on what Day he himfelf could never learn, fi and was
buried &c] Soon after I had written this Account of Mr.
D o d w e l l, there was laid over him a Stone of Black
Marble, on which is ingrav'd the following Englife In
fcription : Here lieth
the Learned and Pious
Henry Dodwell M. A.
Sqmetime Fellow
of Trinity Colledge near Dublin,
Cambden Profeffer of Hiftory in Oxon,
Born at Dublin Od. mdcxli.
Dyed at Shottesbrooke
The vu. »/"June mdccxi.
Anno /Et. lxxp.
In this fhort, plain, modeft, and unaffeded Infcription,
we fee there is ho other Charader given of this excellent
Perfon than that which he had univerfally eftablifh'd of being
a Pious and Learned Man, and it comprehends all the other
Virtues that -yiere fo very confpicuous in him. However
fome of his Friends having thought that it would be alfo con
venient to have a Latin Infcription put oyer him, his Wi
dow refolv'd to have a Monument of White Marble fix'd in
the North Wall of the Chancel near to his Grave, and the
enfuing Infcription was judg'd by fome to be proper for the
Occafion : fldemoria S.
Henrici Dodwell 1, A-M.
Collegii SS. & Individua Trinitatis
Prope DvbliniaM quondam Socii,
Deinde in Academia Oxoniensi
Hiftorices Praletloris Camdeniani:
Vol. 5. y Viri

1 38 An Account of fome Antiquities
turday (June the ninth) immediately following in the Chancel
^iW (/? y«*V a/iafj />z7, fantli, modefti,
Integri, daeJi.
Plurafi velis, libros, quos reliquit, immortales confute :
In quibus Ecclefia & Regies Majeftatis,
-Contra Pontificios, Fanaticos, ac Perduelles,
Jura Jlrenue afferuit,
Miraque Ingenii Judiciique fubtilitate
Antiquitatis & rei Chronological nodos
Difficillimos expediit.
Ob. Jun. 7. A. D. 1711. /Et. 70.
Conjugi optimo Anna Dodwella
M. P.
But then others judging this Infcription to be too fhorr, a
much longer one was drawn up, and agreed upon by them
as moft proper ; and accordingly it was put upon the Monu
ment before mention'd, (that is ereded in the Chancel) and
is as follows :
* Accede Hofpes, quicunque Literarum Studia
Vel Humanarum vel Divinarum fapis :
Difece marmor hoc quern ftgnet virum.
Hie Me feua condi offa voluit,
Cui inter vivos fruftra quafiveris parem,
Henricus Dodwellus:
In quo conjuntla erant
Cum memoria rerum prope infenita,
Et Inventionis Fcecunditas,
Et judicii Acumen ;
Cum mirifico quodam Pudore,
Animi Firmitas inconcujfa;
Cum aliqua in difputando vehementia,
Candor eximius.
* Hujus Epitaphii Audor fuit CI. Robertas Freindius. Vid.
Hearn. Vrzei. p. xxiii. ad Hiftoriam Vitae & Regni Ricardi II.
QutJ

Between Windfor and Oxford. 139
of this Church, juft over againft the Monument of Dr. Throe-
ff)uod, diffcillimis in re Cbronologica nodis
Feliciter expeditis,
Novam Antiqua Hiftoria Lucem affuderit,
Earn Mi Laudem ultra omnes
Sfuaft Suam & Propriam tribuunt.
Sed is? Hanc etiam cum paucis communem habuit,
^uod toties in Arena Critica
Sine Faftu & Maledicentia certaverit :
Omnemque, quaqua patet, eruditionis ambitum
Capaci mente comprehenderit,
Iftius interim,
§)uam aucupari folent Eruditorum Corypbai,
Gloriola- Contemptor .
Ad Majora feilicet intentus,
Primava in Ecdefta Difeciplina Vindex
Audire maluit,
£)uam Reipublica Literaria Lumen,
Vetera itaque Patrum Chriftianorum Monumenta
Indefeffus perluftravit ;
Et quorum Scripta animo accurate infixerat,
Eorum Severitatem & Sancrtimoniam
In vita accuratius exprejjit.
* E Collegia SS. Trinitatis, prope Dubliniam,
DoSiorum fuffragiis accerfitus,
Oxonium migravit ;
-J- Ubi Pralecloris Cambdeniani Munus
* E feceffu Juo Afaphenfe Dotlorum &c, malint alii. Nam
Collegio SS. Trinitatis ante annos aliquammultos decefferat
valedixeratque, & in Wallia degebat quo tempore in Hiftori-
ces Praeledorem Camdenianum eledus fuit. f Potius, ut legi
voluit Amicus ejus integerrirnus, Ubi PraleSioris Camdeniani
multa cum laude, quoad feabvd confeientid licuit, munus fuftinuit.
y t Multa

1^.0 An Account of fome Antiquities
morton above x mention'd, and about a Yard diftant from
it. His univerfal Knowledge and profound Judgment in all
Sciences and Books had rendred him famous amongft all tbe
learned Men of France, Italy [and Germany,] and the great
Sanility arid Severity of his Life had gaind him a Veneration
very peculiar and diftinguifeing among all forts of People. He
made it his greateft Study to affert the Honour and Intereft of
Religion and the Clergy ; and his Writings in Defence of the
Church of England againft Papifts and Presbyterians have
been efteemed perfetl Pieces in their kind fi. His exaclnefes in
Hiftory as well f acred as prophane, and his exquiftte Skill and
Judgment in the moft intricate Parts of Chronology made his
Affiftance fo neceffary that his Help and Direilion was defired
and courted by the moft; learned Men of the Age. This was
the occafion that thejudicious and learned Dr. William Lloyd,
now Lord Bp. of Worcefter, kept him for feveral Years very
near to himfelf, that he might not be depriv'd of the Benefit
of converfing and advifing with a Perfon of fo extraordinary
Abilities in compiling and digefting that moft elaborate Work
of Univerfeal Chronology, in which his Lordfhip hath been en-
gag'd fo many Years. He always affeded a retired and pri
vate Life, and was ambitious of no Sort of Preferment, his
Mode/ly being fo great, that tho' perhaps none were better
qualify'd, yet he could not entertain fuch high Thoughts as
to think himfelf fit for difcharging the Office of any Place.
His Friends would have been glad of any opportunity of
promoting and advancing him, if he would have comply'd

Multa cum Laude, quoad Potuit, ftiftinuit.
Inde cum receffiffet,
In /Edibus Shottesbrochianis,
Amiciffimi Viri Hofpitio ufeus,
Inter Libras delituit, confenuit, obiit,
Juris Regii C5f Epifecopalis
Ad Extremum ufeque Spiritum Propugnator.
Animam Eruditam, Simplicem, Piam
Deo reddidit, Jun. 7. A.D. 171 1. /Eta. 70.
Cohjugi Optimo Anna Dodwella
M. P,
* See §. 7. fi See Athsn. Oxon, Vol. II. col. 902. with

.Between Windfor and Oxford. 141
with their good and kind Intentions ; but no Perfwafions could
prevail with a. Man of fo bumble and meek a Spirit. So that
now fome methods were to be contriv'd by which he might
be preferr'd without his Knowledge and Privity, and accord
ingly at laft it .very luckily happen'd that tho' he was bred
up at Trinity- College near Dublin, (where he had had the
Benefit of a Fellowfeip, which he foon quitted that he might
avoid entering into Holy Orders x ;) yet the Univerfity of
Oxford fupon the Death of Dr. John Lamphire) in theYear
MDCLxxxvm. moft generoufly eleded him to be Camden's Pro-
feilbr of Hiftory, he being then abfent and altogether a Stranger
to the Deftgn. This was a very Jignal Mark of RefpeSi, and
tho' he could not but be aftonifh'd and concern'd at the
Newsi yet he look'd upon it not only as an Honour from
the Univerfity, (who pitch'd upon him, without any previous
Intereft whatfoever, purely out of Regard to his Merit) but
as an Ad of Providence, and therefore he moft gratefully ac
cepted of the Place, which he was foon after admitted to,
and read his firft Letlure on May 25. mdclxxxviii. at which
time was a vaft Concourfe of Auditors. But the Univerfity
had not the happinefs of enjoying him for their Profeffor
long. For the Revolution coming on, and he being one of
thofe confeientious, good Men that could not comply with the
Government, but kept clofe fi and adher'd to the Oath of Al
legiance which they had taken to King James the IF. for
that reafon his Place was pronoune'd void by the Vice-Chan-
celior in the Prefence of fome of the Heads of Houfes at two
ofthe Clock on November 14. mdcxci. He read only y fix-
teen Lectures, the laft of which was on November the fixth
the fame Year he was depriv'd. All thefe being afterwards
revis'd by him in his little Cell in the North Suburb oi Ox
ford, were printed at the Theater in a thick Otlavo, to which
he added three other LeStures that he had prepar'd, and an
Appendix containing fome Fragments of the Libri lintei or
Diurnal Ails of the City of Rome, to which are fubjoyn'd
divers Notes and Chronological Tables. The Edition (humbly
inferib'd to the Univerfity of Oxford) came out in
Mdcxcii. and had the Worthy Author done nothing elfe 'tis
a noble Specimen oi his great Skill and Judgment in the moft.

x The Reafon was becaufe he thought he could do more
true and real fervice to the Church as a Lay-man, than if
he yms a Clergy-man, pAihen.Oxon.Vol.il. col. 902. ^£.23.abftrufe

142 An Account of feme Antiquities
dbftrufe Points of Hiftorical and Chronological Learning. The
Book was receiv'd with Applaufe by the beft Judges. By this
Performance he hath done immortal Honour to the Name and.
Memory of Mr. Camden, and 'tis thought that never any Pro-
feffor difcharg'd his Office more for the Credit of the Univer
fity, or with ftriiler Regard to Confeience. Mr. Dodwell
having continu'd for fome time in a moft private and obfeure
Condition in his Cell before mention'd, at laft retir'd to a
pleafant Village call'd Cookham (a Place he had been at feveral
times before) near Maidenhead in Berks, where he became
acquainted with my beft Friend aud Patron the Pious and
Learned Francis Cherry of Shottesbrooke in the fame
County, Efq. This Acquaintance being diligently cultivated,
and at laft firmly fettled, much to the Content and Satisfac
tion of each other, Mr. Dodwell in a fhort time fettled
himfelf at an old Manour Houfe called Smevnns x, fituated
in the Parifh of White-Waltham fomething above a Quarter
of a Mile South South Eaft from Mr. Cherry's Habitation.
After fome time fpent here, he married a young but very
difcreet and virtuous Woman from the Town of Cookham, by
whom he hath had feveral Children. Upon this Marriage he
had an Houfe fitted up for him by Mr. Cherry clofe' to
Shottesbrooke Church, and in the Place where Part ofthe Col
lege oi Shottesbrooke ftood. Here and in an Houfe plac'd fome
thing below this more Eaftwardly he liv'd to his dying day.
Being now fettled according to his Wife and Dejire, and en
joying the daily Affiftance and Converfation of his great and
good Friend Mr. Cherry, he apply'd himfelf with his ufual
Induftry to his Studies, and afterwards writ and publifh'd di
vers adrnirab'e Books, amongft which muft not be forgot that
elaborate one in Quarto de veteribus Gracorum & Romanirum
Cydis. This Book was dedicated by him to Mr. Cherry,
who had a joynt feare in the Work, as the Author has grate
fully acknowledg'd. 'Tis one of the greateft and one of the
exaileft Performances that ever was printed of it's kind,
and all were ftruck with Admiration how Mr. Dodwell
fhould find leifure in thofe times of publick Diforder and Con-
fufeon ro compile a Book of fuch a Bulk, that requir'd fo much
Meditation and Clofenefs of Thought. But this was theEffed
of his happy Retirement and of his own even Temper of Mind;
to which we are alfo to attribute the other learned Writings

x See below towards the End §. 12. with

Between Windfor and Oxford. 143
With which he afterwards oblig'd the World. No Sufferings
Whatever could make him, withdraw his Affetlion to Religion
and Learning ; but he went on in a conftant, regular Courfe
of exercifing the moft Heroical Ads of Virtue and Piety, and
of confulting the Honour and Fame of the Nation by fuch
Works as will laft to all future Ages. He was a moftftritl
follower of all the Rules and Orders ofthe Church oi England,
and was a Religious Obferver of all her Fafts and Feftivals.
He dy'd with the fame exemplary Piety with which he had al
ways liv'd, and during his laft Sicknefs he receiv'd the B. Sa
crament publjckly * in the Parifh Church of Shottesbrooke from
the Hands of the Minifter of that Piece, the Schifm (which
had commene'd by virtue of the Lay-Deprivation of the Bi
fhops foon after the Revolution) being according to his Princi
ples (which may beft be learned from his Writings) clos'd by
the Death of the truly Venerable Dr. William Lloyd Bi-
fhop of Norwich, which happen'd on January the firft 17?!,
in the 73d. Year of his Age, leaving the Charader behind
him of a very wife Man, and of a godly, primitive Bijhop. As
to Mr. DodWell's Perfon, he was of a fmall but well pro
portion' d Stature, of afanguine Complexion, of a grave, ferious,
but comely, pleafant and ingenious Countenance, of a piercing
Eye, oi a folid Judgment and rWy Apprehenfion. He was a
faithful and fincere Friend, very charitable to the iW, (not-
withftanding the narrownefs of his Fortune) free and <$>?« in his
Difeaurfee and Converfation, (which he always manag'd with
out the leaft Perfonal Reflection) courteous and affable to all
People, chearful in the higheft Affiiclions and Calamities, face
tious upon all /ro/i«" Occafions, ever ready to give his Coun-
fel and Advice, and extremely communicative oi his great Know
ledge. His motion was j«*V^, nimble and /«/«$», and his Con-
ftitution fo _/?roȣ and vigorous, that excepting three or four
Fits of the Ague and Cholick he enjoy'd 'till a little before he
dy'd an uninterrupted Courfe of Health, free from thofe many
Pains which generally accompany old Age, and are often the
Effeds of an intemperate Life. So that if he had but taken
an ordinary Care of himfelf, by making ufe of fome proper
and feafeonable Diverfeons (as feome of his beft Friends would
often advife him) and by lefs Abftinence from the Comforts and
a. From Mr. Staples ; tho' the laft Time he receiv'd it from
Mr. Staples was at his own Houfe ; Mr. Staples carrying to him
part of the confecrated Elements from the Church. Refrefe/nents

jam An Account of feme Antiquities
Refrejbments of Nature, he might in all probability have
reach'd fo ninety or an hundred Years. But he was fo eager
in the Purfuit of his Studies, and fo defirous of improving
himfelf in the Depths of Learning, that whereas he always
us'd to walk on Foot in his Journeys hefeldom or never wenf!
without a Book in his Hands. This fev'ere Method of living
quite deftroy'd and wore out his Spirits, which were riot
able to keep pace with his atlive Mind. Yet for all this
"till the laft Year of his Life he made no complaint of any
other Diftemper than a fmall Failing in his Eyes, which he
mentions thus in a Letter he writ in Auguft mdccviii. to
the learned Perizonius : Quod fis de mea valetudine JbllicituSy
gratum habeo. Ea fruor profperrima, & per maximam vita
partem ufus fum. Nee feneclutis hoc anno atatis lxviii. in-
commodum majus fentio quam deficientium paulatim oculorum.
Continual labour, without any Intermifpon, brought him into
a Confumption, that ended in an intermitting Feaver which
could never be ftopp'd. He enjoy'd the ufe of his reafon tq
the laft, and fent up feveral pious Ejaculations immediately
before his Death, which is an unfepeakable Lofs to Religion and
Learning.
The Death of the §• I0* And rtow leaving this Great Man, I fhall
Architea that built the ftep out at the South Door into the Church -Tard,
Spin of Shottesbrooke where juft under the Spire lyeth an x old Stone rais'd
hf'ctSePto- uP°n Bricks above the Surface of the Greund> which
nef and Simplicity of I remember you told me you took particular no-
b\t Life. Fuljomeln- tice of, efpecially for this reafon, becaufe 'tis a
fZlPAncienIsQyiei by common RePort amongft the Inhabitants of the
Parifh and others thereabouts that 'tis the veiy
Stone that was laid over the ArchitecTs Grave that built the
Church and Spire in the time of King Edward III. They fay
(and it hath been a conftant Tradition) that this Perfon, havr
ing either laid the laft Stone of the Spire, or elfe fix'd the
Weather-Cock, call'd for fome Wine or Ale on purpofe to
drink the King's Health ; which being brought up to him, he
x The Form of this Stone is agreeable to the Fafhion us'd in the
Time of Edward the IJI*. and the Stone is made in the Shape ofa
Coffin, jutt like feveral that I have feen. On the upper Part there
are two oval Figures, which I look upon as nothing but part of the
Form of a Crofs, the Northern part of it being plain to be feen,
tho' the Southern part is worn out. See Mr. Hearne's Coll. MSS.
Vol. 32. p. 11. See alfo his Pref. to the Hift. and Antiq. of
Claftsnbury, p. lxvii. had

Between Windfor and Oxford. jae
had ho fobhef drunk it but he accidentally fell down, was
dafh'd in pieces, and afterwards buried under the Spire with
fhis rough Stone over his Crave. I have oftentimes view'd
it, ahd i have been inforfn'd that fome Years agoe it lay flat
hponthe Ground, (the Bricks that fuftain'd it bdng funk
down after fuch a Number of Years) and that Mr! Richard
Clear, Redor of the Parifh, (I mean the firft of them, for
there have been two Redors of Shottesbrooke oi this Name)
iliten faid and declaf'd to his Friends in his Life-time, that
whenever he dy'd he would be buried under this Stone, which .
Accordingly he was. As the Grave was opening they found
ieveral Bones ; but it did not appear either from Memory or
Tradition that ever any Perfon but the before mention'd, Ar
chitect had been buried here. 'Tis a plain Free-Stone,, with
out any Infcription, or the leaft Memorial to fignify to Pofte-
rity either who was buried under it, or the misfortune that
had befallen the Peffoh over whom it was plac'd. So remark-.
able and uncommon an Accident one would think might have
claim'd fome mournful Verfees, or at leaft fome other Infcrip
tion from his furviving Friends. But in thofe times they were
hot fo forward and ready to write Encomiums upon the Dead.
They thought Flattery a very great Crime, (as without doubt
it is) and that the ' plainer Sepulchral Monuments are fo much
the more fincere Tokens oi real Sorrow they carry with them.
The Greeks and Romans had x the fame Sentiments; and
where there is any fulfeme Char oiler, or long, tedious Harangue,
'tis lorik'd upon by the beft Judges as a good reafon why fuch
Monuments fhould be fufpeded as modern. The Danes often
ereded great Stones without any Letters upon them ; and when
they put up Inferiptions, they were plain and unaffecled, with
out Flourifb, barely intimating the Titles of the refpedive Per
fon, without running out into Panegyrick. The Architea we
are fpeaking of was an ingenious Man, of great Plainnefs and
Simplicity, and wanted none of thoieftudied Pra'fes which are

x Hence, to omit other Infeances, M. Porcius Cato had divers
Monuments erefted to his Memory on which his Name only was
written: as, M. PORTIVS. M. F. CATO, CENSORIVS
And M. PORCIVS. CATO. CENSORIVS. And M. POR-
CIVS. M. F. M. N. CATO. Which three Injcriptions are cited
by P. Servius in his Mifcell.-p. 77. of the ltd. Tome of Mijcellanea
Italics erudiia publifh'd by Gaudentius RibertUs, to which excel
lent Collection I refer you.
V°L 5' a often

1^.6 An Account of feme. Antiquities-
often given by us to our dead Friends and Relations. Twas
thought that the manner of his Death could not but be
remembred and deliver'd down to future Ages without
any written Evidence, and that the Simplicity and Inno
cence of his Life were beft exprefs'd by a plain Stone,
without any Flourifees, which ferve to amufe the Reader
rather than make him a better Man. 'Tis therefore
no fmall Fault in many of our modern Injcriptions that the
Authors give themfelves a loofe, and run put into trifling,
whiffling, and extravagant Strains of bombaft Oratory, without
any true Conducl or Judgment, for want of which Faculty
Scholars cannot (any more than other Men of whatever
Quality or Denomination) pretend to any tolerable fhare of
Wifedom and Prudence, notwithftanding their Claim and Pre
tention to Elegance and Finenefs of Expreffion. 'Twould be
far more decent and praifee worthy (unlefs I am very much
miftaken) to imitate the Ancients, (as the Reverend and
Learned Dr. Aldrich did in his Excellent Infcription
upon tbe Monument of Dr. WaUis x,) and even where the
bigheft merits are confpicuous only to give a compendious,
jhort Narrative, with a plain but comprehenfive Characler and
Elogium ofthe feveral great and illuftrious Perfonages to whom
the Monuments are ereded ; and to take care to have all this
done in an Hiftorical Style, without any vain, idle Flourifees
of Wit and Fancy.
A Diffeience be- §. n. Juft at the time when you were furveying
tween the inhabitants the Church and Antiquities of ,8 Shottesbrooke there
of Bray and White- happen'd t0 be an unhappy Difference and Conteft
Waltham concerning rr rrj M ./.
the Buna's of their between the ranlhes of Bray and tvhite-Waltham
Patifies. (out of the latter of which, as I have before ob
ferv'd, the Parifh of Shottesbrooke had been taken) concern
ing the Bounds oi each Parifh, the Inhabitants of Bray being
charg'd with Incroachments upon the Lands that belong to
White-Waltham, This Difference, however trivial it may
feem, was carry'd fo high as to produce divers bad Confe-
quences ; all which might have been avoyded had not the late
Dr. Frauds Carfwell, Vicar of Bray, (a Man of much the
fame Principles with his famous Fredecefjor that occafion'd the
remarkable Proverb of this County) been the principal Pra

tt See the Appendix Num. IV. fi See Mr. Hearne's further
Remarks upon this Place in his GloJfary at the End of Robert of
Gloucefeer\ Chronicle, p. 638. moter

Between Windfor and Oxford. 14/
moter and Encourager of thefe violent and unwarrantable Pro
ceedings ; the Injuftice of which I cannot better ' reprefent
than by an exacl Account of the Bounds of White-Waltham
Parifh as they are marked out and fettled in their Yearly Per
ambulations ; which I have therefore made fome Inquiry a-
bout, and my Information as it came from a Perfon that
knows thefe Things perfedly well, fo I can rely upon his
Probity and Integrity in keeping ftridly to Truth in each par
ticular, and for that reafon 1 have tranfmitted it to you that it
may be preferv'd amongft your other Obfervations, and by that
means be a Satisfadion to Pofterity if ever the^Dijpute fhould
happen to be reviv'd
§. 12. After a good Number of Parifeioners have A particular Account
been call'd together by the tolling of the biggeft t})f°u"Js °lWhl'"
¦D ., , , . , ° ¦/¦ V ¦ °r* n_ e Waltham Pariih as Ict-
rSell (which was alfo trie ancient Cuftom of ga- tied andmark'd out
thering the Parifeioners together in all Parts of ;n their Yearly Peram-
England upon fuch folemn Occafions) they begin bu!attom-
their Perambulation in White-Waltham Street at the
End of the Smith's Shop, where there is a Ditch that is dug
between Shottesbrooke and White-Waltham. Being direded
by this Ditch they pafs on, and taking in Part of a large Field
call'd Waltham- Field, they enter into a Clofe commonly
known by the Name oi lerrefh, which belong'd formerly to
the College of shottesbrooke. Having taken in Part of the
faid Clofee, they make a Crofs hard by Terr ejh -Gar den, where
were once great Buildings, as appear'd by large Quantities of
Ruins and Rubbife (that feem'd to be very ancient) when
'twas firft plough'd up, which was done within the memory
of Man. Thence they go into a Common-Field call'd Watafe,
and take in moft part of that from Shottesbrooke. Afterwards
they go into another common- Field call' d Weftlowe, and leav
ing the greateft Part to Shottesbrooke they pafs on by the
Ditch-Sidl, and take in all the feveral Clofes of Land which
belong'd lately to Richard Grove of the Lane. Then they
go into a Clofee belonging to the Farm call'd Pidgeon-Holes,
where there is a Room (at leaft 'tis reported to be) in the
Parifh of White-Waltham. After that they take in a clofe of
about 20. Acres on the other Side of the Lane where fome
Years agoe there were Houfes, and is known by the Name
of Eyllbudds. Then pafling up the Lane to a Crofs (in the
Ground) between Hurley and White-Waltham, they go on
thence through feveral Grounds between Hurley and White-
Waltham, and take in a fmall Village call'd Little-Wick, where
they cut a Crofs on one Side of a large Beech-Tree^ on the
z 2 othe

145 An Account of feme Anfiquitjes
other Side of which Tree the Parifhioners of Hurley cwt ano
ther Crofs. Thence they go through an old Chalk-Pit to ano
ther great Beech-Tree, where they likewife made a Crofs clofe
by the High-Road that leads to Reading. Then they go
along by the High-Way Side, taking in Part of it, to Woolley-
Green, where they make a Crofs (in the Ground) between Bif-
ham, Cookham and White-Waltham. Thence they go, turn
ing to the right hand, to a Chalk-Pit, by which they make
another Crofs (in the Ground) between Cookham, Bray and
White-Waltham, and fo they, pafs through an Entry belonging
to an ancient Houfe call'd the White-Houfe, which now be
longs to Richard Baffet, and fome Years agoe was Part of
the Pojfeffipns of the old Family of the Weftcotts. Leaving
one End of the faid' Houfe to Bray, after they have taken a
Refer efement here, (as the Parifhioners of Bray likewife ufe
to do) they go thence along by the Ditch Side through fe
veral Grounds between Bray and White-V/altham 'till they
come to the Lane-Houfe, where they take another Refrefe-
ment. Then they pafs on to a Clofe belonging to Lantoons
Farm, At this Farm they flop and take another Refrefement,
and io going thwart Low-Brook-Lane they enter one of Hey
wood Grounds call'd Walnut-Tree Plot. Being enter'd that
Clofee they pafs on Southwards all along the Grounds belong
ing to Heywood 'till they come to the Mote by Heywood
Houfe, at which Houfee they put in and ufe to have a noble
Treat. Then going through the other Grounds belonging to
the faid Houfe between Bray and White-Waltham they pafs
into a Wood or Coppice call'd White-Paddock, and fo keep on
Southward near Payley-Streei, where at a Houfe cali'd Triggs
they have a Refrefement. Then they return and keep on
Southward 'till they come into the Common High-Way lead
ing to Windfor, and there upon an Elm-Tree they make a
Croft between Bray and White-Waltham. Thence they turn
Weftward down the faid High-Way 'till they come to Ship-
cott-Lane. Here they fteer Southward and pafs up the faid
Lane leaving Waltham Hills on the left hand in Bray Parifh
'till they come to a Crofs which is cut in the Ground at the
faid Lanes End, and devides Bray from Whiie-W altbam. Then
they turn Eaftward, and taking in a fmall Cottage with an
Orchard they pafs on to Tutchin Lane End, where they make
a Crofs on an Elm-Tree, which Tree was planted by Sir Ed
mund Sawyer K1. about threefcore Years agoe, before which
time there flood in the fame Place a prodigious great hollow
Oak call'd Fair-Oak Then they turn Southward and pafs on

Befifieen Windfor and Oxford. 149
pn by B.ray-Woad Side 'till they come near the great Pand,
wfiefe is a very large Stone (that is fix'd deep in the Ground)
Call'd Red-Stpne. Leaving this Stone, which is a Bound or/
Mark between Bray and White-Waltham, they turn Weftward,
and taking in a fmajl Cottage and Back-fide they carry on their
Journey ' by the Hedge-Side 'till they come quite to the Bot
tom oiJeahus-Hill, where they make a Crofs (in the Ground)
between Bray and White-Waltham. Then they afcend the
faid Hil(, and pafling on it South-Eaft 'till they are got about
halfway they make another Crofs (in tbe Ground) between
Warfield and White-Waltham. Then they turn Weftwardby
a crooked Gutter Side near Hazell-Wood, and go on 'till they
come near Weftlqwe- Mills. Here they turn Northward, and
travel on to the Corner oia^Wood where there formerly flood
a Maple-Tree. At this Place they make a Crofs (in the
Ground) between tiinfield and White-Waltham. Keeping on
Northward by the Ditch-i\de near Cock-Jhott Bridge, they pafs
through a Wood call'd Halwicke' s-Wood 'till they come near
Brick-Bridge. Then they turn Wefeivard, and taking in a
fmall Wood or Coppice, that ' was taken out of the Common,
they pafs on 'till they come into Beenham's-Heath, where
they go near an old Ditch, or rather a Bulwark, and do not
flop 'till they come near Beenham's, where there was for
merly a Church, as it appears from the old Valor Beneficiorum,
tho' it has been deftroy'd feveral Years. Here they make a
great Crofs in the Ground as a Boundary between them and
Laurence-Waltham. Thence they turn Northward through
the midfl of a Wood, and coming near PundaW s-Farm, thev
turn Eaftward into Smewins Ground, and take a Refrefe
ment at Smewin's Houfe, a Place that is tnoted round, and
was formerly (as 'tis reported) one of the Country Houfes of
Prince Arthur, King Henry the Seventh's Eldeft Son. Here
without the Gate is a Crofs (in the Common) between White-
Waltham and Shottes-brooke. Then they turn again, and tak
ing in moft Part of Smewin's Grounds, they carry on their
Journey 'till they come into Shottesbrooke-DAarih, where they
End their Perambulation.
§. 13. Altho' during the time Dr. Carf- The Differences about thefe
well was Vicar of Bray the Inchroachments upon ££ £# £& £--
the Parifh of White-Waltham were more con- k. Ed-ward I. Woheky, or
fiderable and grievous than they had ever been #W'.y, formerly, overgrown
before, yet the Z>#™™ between each Pa- ^S^If^ **
rifh upon account of the <ra<? Bounds had been
carry'd very high in former times, particularly in the Reign of

50 An Account of fome Antiquities
of King Edward the Firft, when the matter was ftridly ex-
amin'd by proper Perfons delegated and fworn for that pur-
pofe, and the Iffue of the Inquiry was recorded, and is now
exftant among other old Evidences in the Tower of London,
which I fhall therefore fubjoyn in the * Appendix to this Let
ter. It appears from thence that this Controverfy was decided
in the Year mcccxl. being the 14th. Year of that King's
Reign : and that one Caufe of the Inquiry was the King's
Sequeftration of fome of the Tithes that belong'd to the Pa
rifh of Bray. One of the Perfons impanell'd upon the Jury
was Edmund de Littlefend, which perhaps fhould be Edmund
de Littlefeeld, fend for field being often us'd in old Records.
There is a Place call'd Littlefield, a Green in which are fome
Houfes, fituated near a Mile Southwards from the Church of
White-Waltham, from which 'tis not unlikely the Family might
be denominated. The Jury gave in Evidence that the Parifh
of Bray began at a" Place call'd Bodelefpole, which is the
fame that is now nam'd Ruddlefpole. From thence it ex
tended it felf to the Houfe of Walter de la Hawe in the Pa
rifh of Windfor, and from thence to a Place call'd in the In-
ftrument by the Name of Elyfter : which was the fartheft Li
mit Southwards. From thence it ftretched it felf to Heth-
rewe, which was the Bound Weftward. Then it went to a
Place (near Bradcnbrugg) where in old time flood a certain
Oak. This was one of the Limits or Bounds, and on it they
us'd to cut a Crojs. Thence it extended it felf to Crukesfend
one of the King's Vacheryes ; from Crukesfend to Fayrhok,
irom Fayrhok to Wolvdye, and from Wolvelye to Maydenhith
or Maidenhead. In this Paper there is nothing that relates
to the Bounds oi White-Waltham but Crukesfend, Fairhak and
Wolvelye. The firft I take to be the fame Houfe where Mr.
Hercy now dwelleth at Hawthorne, fome diftance Southward
from Red-Stone Pond : in confirmation of which opinion Mr.
Hercy lately told a certain Friend oi mine that it was former
ly, as appear'd by his Writings, one of the King's Dary-
Houfees. From this old Inquifetion there is fome room to con-
jedurc that the Parifhioners of White-Waltham ought to go
in their Perambulations as far as this Houfe, and perhaps
they had formerly a Refrefement at it. Fayrhok is nothing but
the great Oak I have mention'd in the former Section : and
Wolveley is what we now call Wooley. The Saxons call'd

a Num. V. tbe

Between Windfor and Oxford. Ijr
the laft Place fulpefleaj, i. e. a Place of Wolves. 'Tis not
at all improbable that 'twas formerly much infefted with
Wolves, efpecially if it be confider'd that the Woods were
here as well as in all thofe Chiltem Parts far thicker and
larger than they are at prefent, and were a Refuge for Rob
bers, (as well as for wild B eaft s ;.) which was the reafon that
the Manour of Flamftede was given by Leofstan Abbat of St.
Albans to a certain Souldier of great Valour and Courage
call'd Thurnotb, with this condition that he fhould in lieu of
it take effedual Methods to have 'moft of the Woods cut
down, and.the Robbers difpers'd, which accordingly he care
fully and pundually perform'd. This is related in the Ap
pendix x to Dr. Watts's accurate Edition of Matthew Paris ;
but I do not remember to have met with it in any other
publifh'd Author. Now as Crukesfend was a Bound to Bray,
fo 'tis likely that it deriv'd it's Name from the large Crofs
that was here cut formerly to diftinguifh and mark out the
Limits oi the Parijb. Of late Years the Parifeioners have
Jirangely intruded upon White-Waltham in the Common, and
have taken in a great Part of Heywood Lordfhip, quite con
trary to the Determination in the Paper I have produc'd, and
altogether againft Cuftom. I remember that fome Years aso
I had the curiofity to walk round the Parifh of White-Wal
tham my felf in one of the Yearly Circuits, at which time I
could not but take particular Notice of the Infolence of the
Parifhioners of Bray in tranfgrefling their Bounds when they
came to Crukesfend. Dr. Carfwell headed and direded them,
and they pafs'd in great Triumph through the Common, taking
in all Red-Stone Pond and confiderably farther more Weft ;
whereas they ought to have left the Parid on the Weft, and
to have kept clofe by the Wood Side. I take the Red Stone
to have been plac'd at that time when the Controverfy firft
began. We meet with fome Stones in England that were
fix'd /3 purely to notify the exad Bounds of Counties, and this
Stone we are fpeaking of was look'd upon as a more ftanding
and fure Mark for Diftindion than a Crofs on a Tree or in the
Ground, and lefs fubjed to Alteration, and the adjoyning
Pond taking it's Name from it would alfo ferve as a Direc
tion to Pofterity in fettling the Difputes that might arife upon
this Occalion.

* Pag. 45 . in vita Leofstani. fi See in this Fifth Vol. of Mr.
Leland's Itin.iol, 116.

§.14.

r^2 Ah Account of feme Antiquities"
§. 14. This Difference having oblig'd riib to fay
The Monument of j-Q much about the par;fh 0f jfehite-Waltham, it will.
J^S*?' be exfpeded by you that I fhould likewife fend
you fome Account of the Monuments in that Church..
I have had an opportunity of viewing them very frequently j
but I do nof find any ereded to Perfons of note for Learn
ing, except a White Marble one on the Weft Wall in a Cha
pel on the South Side of the Chancel ; which I fhall therefore
tranfcribe at large :
Gulielmus Neile, Pauli Neile equitis aurati natu
max. filius, Richardi Neile archiepijcopi Ebor. nepos,
Academic Oxon. alumnus, focietatis philofophorum
regi* feocius, JereniJJimo Carolo II0. a camera privata.
Suavitate morum tsf temperantia plufquani juvMili
fpetlabilis, Geometria ftudiifque philofophicis to'tus
incubuit, & perjpicaciffimi ingenii varia dedit fpeci-
mina, donee ingentibus cceptis amicifque lugefitibus im-
matura morte valedixit, prareptus VIII". Calend.
Odob. A", mdclxx. Piiffemo filio pater moerens p.
Underneath on a Black Marble on the Floor :
Here lyeth interr'd the Body of William
Neile Efq ¦„ eldeft Sonne of Sir Paule
Neile K(. and Grandchild to Richard
Neile late Ld. Archbp. of Yorke. He'was
borne at Bifhop Thorpe in the County
of Yorke tbe 7th. day of December 1637.
and dyed in this Parijb of White- Waltham
the 24th. day of Auguft 1670.
This Religious and Learned young Man (who had beeri
Gentleman-Commoner oi Wadham-College) died in the 33*;
Year of his Age in his Father's Houfe fituated on the Hill at
a fmall Diftance Southwards irom the church. This Houfes
which is commonly call'd The Hill Houfe, and was rebuilt, al
leaft the greateft Part of it, by one Roger Gardiner Gent.
and Citizen of London in or about the Year Mdcxxxiv. be
long'd anciently to the Noble Family of the Windfors, and was
then known by the Name of Waltham-Place. The Situation
of it is pkdfeHt, and the ProjpecJ very agreeable. Upon tne
Top of the Houfe is an Obfervatory, which Mr, Neile made
great ufe of in carrying on his Mathematical Studies, which he

Between Windfor and Oxford. ,53
he profecuted with uncommon Induftry and Application, lie
was_ a virtuous, fober, pious Man, and had fuch a powerful
Genius to Mathematical Learning, that had he not been cut
off in die prime of his Years in all probability he would have
equall'd, if not exceeded, the moft celebrated Men of that
Profeffion. That which haften'd his Death was a deep Melan
choly, that was unfortunately contraded by his being in love
with one of the Maids of Honour, whom he v/ould fain have
married, but he could not gain the Confent of his Father Sir
Paul Neile.
§. 15. When I was laft in the Church of White-
Waltham I could not forbear taking notice of one The ASe of Mr-
of the Regfersoi the Parijb, by which it appears SSTft'ES
that one Mr. John Blower was Vicar there fixty preach'd but once. His
feven Years together, namely from the Year ci*™5»'.TheCuftom
MdLxXvii. till the time of his Death, which %%£$&**
tell out in the Year mdcxliv. That which ren
ders it more remarkable is this, that he had been Mini-
fter at another Place fome Years before he came thithen
So that I believe he was at leaft an hundred Years old
when he died. 'Tis reported that he was a Welch-Man^
and that he was look'd upon as a very good Scholar.
He was blind for fome Years, (but not many) which oblig'd
him to hire and keep a Curate. 'Tis faid that he never
preach'd but one Sermon in his Life, which was before Queen
Elizabeth ; and that as he was going about to carefs the
£pueen, he firft faid my Royal §)ueen, and a little after my
Noble Opueen. Upon which fays the ^ueen, what am I ten
Groats worfee than I was ? At which Words being baulked
(for he was a Man of Modefty) he could not be prevail'd
with to preach any more, but he faid he would always read^the
Homilies for the future ; which accordingly he did. He was
a diligent and punclual Man, very careful of the Affairs oi
his Parijb, and a great Lover of old Cuftoms, which was the
reafon, perhaps, that he put down with his own hand the
Figure of the Key of the Weft Door of the Church in theRe-
gifter, which is a thing (1 believe) that had been alfo fre
quently pradis'd by the Ancients at the Delivery of the Church
Keys to the Oftiarii, on purpofe that they might hinder them
from being alter'd. Thofe Officers were formerly created with
a great Deal of Ceremony, the Bifhops themfelves delivering
the Keys, and the Deacons the Doors of the refpedive
Churches. Afterwards when Churches came to be more nu
merous and Parifees oi lefs Extent the Minifters of each Pmrijk
Vol. 5. a a did

154 -^n Account of fome Antiquities
did that Bufinefs without putting the Bijbop tO trouble ; and
they obferv'd the fame caution in taking a Note . of the
Form of the Keys either by Pitlure or by Writing; and 'tis
likely Mr. Blower might have refped to this Cuftbm in in
ferring the. Shape of one ofthe Keys of this Church in the Re-
gifter, which it may be he did when 'twas deliver' d fay him to
his Clerk.
A Roman Fort at §. 1 6. Leaving Shottesbrooke, about half a Mile
Laureme-Waltham. A on tn;s Side you ftopp'd at a Village call'd Laurence-
fij^of Claudius Go- IVakhami that formeriy belong'd to the Abbey of
Hurley. Here you told me you were fhew'd feveral
Coyns oi the Lower Emperors, found in an adjacent Field;
which you took the more notice of, becaufe Mr. Camden
tells us that in that Field was a Roman Fort, as he gather'd
from the Coyns frequently found by the Husbandmen. I have
been fhew'd divers of thefe Coyns, and I was once of opini
on, that 'twas built about the time of Conftantius the Younger ;
but I have fince chang'd that opinion, andjfl now believe
'twas founded a great many Years before. I have amongft
other Coyns feen one dug up here of Claudius Gothicus, which
hath on the Face Side,
Divo clavdio. Claudii Gqthici caput radialum :
And on the Reverfe,
Consecratio. Aquila.
Which Coyn tho' not rare (for Abundance of them were
ftruck upon the Death oi this Excellent Emperor) yet it fhews
that this Roman Caftle was in a flourifhing Condition after
the year cclxx, and perhaps it might continue fo 'till very
near the Invafion of the Saxons.
The Ruhes of Sil- §• J7- 'Tis not unlikely but that it had a great
chefter. Weycock not the Dependence upon Silchefter in Hampfeire, which is
fame with pic-rirjop a* no great Diftance from it, and had a very con-
fiderable Command over this Part of the Ifeand,
being a very large Place, as appears not only from the
Ruines of the Walls, which are in circuit x at leaft two Miles,
but alfo from the Name it felf,Sel-cap:eri, or Sil-ceapreri,
ii ¦
v k See Camden in Hampfeire, and Mr. Leland's Itinerary
Vol. VI. foi. 55. figni-

Between WindfoF and Oxford. 155
fignifying nothing elfe xbut a. great city, unlefs we will ra
ther fuppofe that it has reference to the Saxon Word Sele,
which fighifies a HalJ or Palace, and that fome Roman Com
mander of more than ordinary Power had here his Place of
Refidence. But omitting this, which is nothing more than
Conjecture, 'tis certain from the vaft Number of old Bricks
and other Ruines, that this Fort in the Parifh of Laurence-
Waltham was of confiderable Ex,tent, and of no fmall Strength .
The Field in which it flood is now call'd Weycock, which
tho' in the firft Draught of this Letter fi I thought it to be no
thing but a Corruption of the Saxon Word J7ic-rrop,
i. e. a Place of incaniping, or a Fort, yet I have fince that time
alter'd my opinion, as I have noted in my Preface y to the
firft Volume of Mr. Leland's Itinerary. .
§. 18.. And here I cannot but wifh, that thofe
who fhall hereafter undertake to give us a fecond T?1fJ ^nolifiauimt
PC n 1 ¦> Tt -. 1 1 1 • -r requir d in thofe that
.art ot Camden s Britannia , (whether in Latin or /hall undertake a fe-
Englife) would-be very nice, in obferving the Place «>nd Part of Camden s
where any Injcriptions, Coyns, or other old Monu- Britannia. The Chi-
J c 1 111 ii- r, rafter of Mr. Ed.
ments are found, and that they would give us_exail WAED Llhvtd.
Defecriptions of thofe. Coyns which they find not de-
fcrib'd in Occo and others who have undertaken to write
upon ,this Subjed. This as it would be a very confiderable
Improvement of this noble Work, fo would it be the beft way
to illuflrate the o'd Itineraries, and to point out the Roman
Garrifons, feveral of which remain as yet untouch' d by our
Antiquaries ; but then the Perfons that attempt fuch a Work
as they ought to be endow'd with excellent Natural Parts, a
ftrong Judgment, and great Influftry, fo they ought to travel,-
to and view every particular Place themfelves, toconfult and
examin Records and old Writings, to be very cautious how
they take any thing upon truft, and to be very well vers'd
x Camden ibid. Somner in his Saxon Gloffary, voc.
Sil-cear"ceri : and Dr. Gibjon's Rules for interpreting
Names at the End of his Ed. ofthe Saxon Chron. fub. Sel.
Mr. Hearne afterwards altering his opinion concerning
the Etymology of this Place tells us, that it is deriv'd a Sili-
cibus, e quibus ifta Civitas conftruEta fuit. See Aluredi
Beverlac. Annales, p. 154. Pref. to Rob. of Glouccfter,
p. 35. and Chron. de Dn'nftaple, p. 387. fi Printed in the
Memoirs for- the Curious for the Month of -Nov. mdccviii.
y Page XI. a a 2 in

156 An Account Of feme Antiquities
in all the Greek and Roman Hiftory. All Colleclions that
have been made formerly, whether in the Bodlejan, or Cot-
tonian, or any other Library (publick or private) fhould be
perus'd and read over with the utmoft Nicety and Exaclnefes,
and nothing put down haftily and at random. The Manu-
fcript Additions and Corrections under Mr. Camden's own
hand (that I have at prefent, by the Gift of the late learned
Dr. Thomas Smith, in my Cuftody) are to be ftriclly
obferv'd and accounted for ; as are alfo the MSS. Colleclions
that were made by the learned M_r. Edward Llhvyd,
whofe Obfeervatiofe^both as to Antiquities and Natural Hiftory
in his Travels not only' over Wales, both North and South,
but in Ireland and Scotland, are certainly (altho' I have not
had a fight of them) very curious and excellent. For he was
a Man of indefatigable Induftry and of an enterprizing and
daring Genius, whom no Difficulties or Hardfeips could deterr
or frighten from profecuting his worthy and laudable Deftgns ;
and therefore as nothing uncommon and fit to be noted could
efcape his Inquiry, fo he would never reft fatisfied 'till he
came to a View of it himfelf. After all, the Roman Injcri
ptions, as colleded by Ma&ochius, Apian, Smetius, Lipfius,
Gruter, Reinefius, Fabretti and others, fhould be diligently
and carefully read over, and each perfon fhould be very well
acquainted with the Abbreviations of the Ancients as they
are eXplain'd by Urfatus and other Writers. Such a Task
will require feveral Years hard Labour ; which no one will
think too much that confiders how Mr. Camden fpent 30.
Years and more before he could finifh his Defign, and that
the fame Method hath been us'd by all Antiquaries of note,
§. 19. The moft confiderable Coyn that I have
wjww'.'in th^Hands £en <% UP in Weycock is a Silver one of Amyntas
of Francis Cher- Grand-Father to Alexander the Great, which I
»y, Efq. Thenw/A mention the rather becaufe I do not remember tq
Thomas* Cherry! nave ^een 'xt m any Author that I have confulted.
JTis true De Wilde x has four of them, but then
they are all Brafs, and of lefs Value than this I am mention^
ing, which is now w^b feveral -others in the Poffeilion of
the pious and learneit Francis Cheery, Efq. It has
the Head of Amyntas coyer'd with a Lyons Skin, (according
to the CuftomVqf the ancient Heroes) and on the Reverfe
Amynta, with an Eagle, treading'' on a Serpent, denoting,
x Numifm. antiq. ex Muleo Jac. de Wilde, Amft. mdcxcii,
at the beginning. perhaps.

Between Windfor and Oxford.
perhaps, the Conqueft of Theffaly by Amyntas, in which
Country, as divers of the ancient Authors have. thought fit to
inform us, are a vaft Number of Serpents. But you will be
better able to judge of this Coyn, and to make proper Re
marks upon it, from the following Draught, which when you
have confider'd I humbly intreat that you would let me
know your Thoughts and Sentiments of it by the firft op
portunity.

157

« I am oblig'd for this Draught to Mr. Thomas Cherry*
M. A. of Edmund-Hall, who if he had liv'd longer would
have communicated to me divers other Antiquities and Cu-
riofities of this nature, by the help of which 'tis poflible I
might have fet the Antiquities of Shottesbrooke, and fome
other Places, in a much better Light than I am now capable
of doing from my own ftngle Obfeervations. But we were de-
priv'd of this Advantage by his untimely Death, which hap-
pen'd at London about '3. a Clock in the Afternoon on Sunday
November the feventeenth in one thoufand feven hundred
and fix, and he was buried on Wednefday immediately fol-

x I am oblig'd for this Draught &c,] This Draught is not fo
exact: as I could have wifh'd, and therefore I fhall here publifh a
more true one of it, taken immediately by the Ingraver from the
Coyn, which was put into my hands for that End by my great
and good Friend the Owner of it.

lowing,

£5$ An Account of fome Antiquities
lowing, (being November the twentieth) at St. Andrew's
Church in Holborn in a Vault that runs under the Church,,
tho' the Entrance be in the Church-Yard. This young Gen
tleman (who was little more than twenty three Years of
Age) was a Perfon of a graceful, tall, but fomewhat too
feender Stature, oi a bajhful, modeft Countenance, oi a very
obliging Converfation,. oi wonderful good nature, and of ftngu-
lar Probity and Integrity. He was a Man of good Judgment,.
was a Lover of Learning and Learned Men, and had We en-
joy'd him fome Years longer I do not. doubt but he would
have prov'd an Qrfiament to the Clergy (he, being juft enter'd
into Holy Orders J kndghay.e imitated his near Relation x Mr.
Francis CHER&Y"~(from whom and from Mr, Dodwell
he had receiv'd Principles of true Virtue and Honefty) in doing
what good he could for the Honour and Glory of this Church
and Nation. The Lofs of a Gentleman, fo hopeful in all re-
fpeds, in the very Bloom and Flower oi his Year^, could not
but be a great and terrible Blow to all his furviving Friends
and Relations, (and particularly to myfelf, who had contraded
an intimate Friendfeip with, him, when we went to School to
gether, and 'twas fo inviolably maintain'd to the laft that he
Was my conftant and, as it were, only Companion in my Stu
dies, and I reap'd no fmall Benefit irom his Converfation;) but
God's Providence is always conduded and guided by Rules
arid Meafures oi infinite Wifdom and Goodnefs, and the reafons
©f his Determinations are beyond our Knowledge and Compre-
henfton. 'Tis too apparent that'He hath a Confroverfy with
this Chiirch and Nation for our Sins and Defection, and it
feems plain to me that this innocent Young Gentleman is hap
pily remov'd and taken away from the Evil to come. It ought
therefore to be a matter of Joy to us rather than Grief; at
leaft we ought, as becomes Chriftians and Wife Men, to ac-
quiefce and fubmit without any Murmuring, Complaint, or
exceffive Lamentations. §. 20. Leaving Laurence-Waltham you ftopp'd no
^ffseTT'll where 'till you came to Dorchefter^ feven Miles from
friory of Black-Camns Oxford) the Church of which Place being very
there. B'mnm the firft large, you had the curiofity to take a view of the fe-
^cSLtth^of- verai Monuments in it. Here you faw fome that were
mckni'Monuments^a-c- ancient, and guefs'd rightly that it formerly belong'd
x See the Pref. to Leland^ Collect, p. xxxvm. §. 26. Francijci
Cherrii Mors & Encomium. to

Between Windfor and Oxford. i5r)
to fome Religious Houfe. ' For in ihe Saxon Times at My ofthat ex
tras Place was an Epifcopal See,, founded by St. Bin- w « B». .#>&**«.
te ^f. D. Dcxxxv. and upon that account it often TheHBnour audJte-
occurrsin the Saxon Chronicle arid other Annals ; but ^7 * ?34
"jW the TranflatiOn of it to Lincoln by Remi gins
A.D. mlxxv.; (by reafon the City was then much dimihifh'd,
and not judg'd equal to the Largenefs of this Bifhoprick) here
was founded a Priory of Black-Canons by .fe^r Bifhop of
£*»«*/« ^. D. mcxl. ahd the Parochial church now ftandihg
was the very church belonging to, the Priory, and for' that
reafon bears even to this day the Name ofthe Prebend church x.
As ot. Birinus Was'the firft Bifhop of this Place, fo upon his
Death he bequeathe his Body to be buried in the Church,
which he had founded all of Wood (I fuppofe) agreeable to the
Cuftom then in pradife, when Architects were very fear ce, and
had A«& SM in the true Rules of Building. After it had
relted here feveral Years it was at laft' tranflated fi to Winchef-
ter (that .was one Part of this Diocefee, Which contain'd under
its Junfdidion the two large Kingdoms of the Weft-Saxons
and Mercians) by Bifhop Headda. Mr. Leland hath alfo no
ted y that St. Bzr7»zk was buried at Dor -chefter, but fays no
thing of his Tranflation, nor of his Paffage into England, and
his Converting the Heathens of thefe Par^, the Hiftory of
which is painted in the Windows of the Church. One of Bin
nus's Succeffars in this See was Mfchwine, whofe Image oi
Freestone with an Infcription on it was in being when Mr
Leland was here in mdXlii. as. he hath exprefsly noted h
i- he laft time I Walk'd over to view the Antiquities of this once
great and famous City, I fpent feveral Hours in the Church on
purpofe to find out the faid Monument oi Bifhop Mfchwine ¦
but I cpuld not, after the moft diligent Search, find the leaft
fragment of it: which makes me condude that it hath been
convey'd away and utterly deftroy'd by the Sacrilegious Hands
or fome Presbyterians ot other Fanaticks. I perceive alfo by
fome Manufcript Papers that Mr. Wood fought after this vene
rable old Monument to no purpofe. Mfchwine, as well as Bi
rinus, was a good Benefaelor to the Place, and had perform^
feveral pious . Jfe which gain'd him lafting Honour and Re
putation after his Death. Hence the biggeft Bell was dedicated

x See Mr. Leland's bin. Vol. II. foi. 10, fi See Brampton's
Chronicle a-pud x. Scriptores col. 756, b. y #/», Vol. II. foh
10. ^ Ibid, foi, u, both.

160 An Account of feme Antiquities
both to Birinus and Mfchwine, and the Inhabitants of the
Town report odd Stories of the Bell to this day, as if it had by
virtue of it's being confecrated to thefe Prelates done feveral
miraculous things, and oftentimes preferv'd the Town from im
minent Dangers. But this Power was formerly believ'd to be
in all Bells, efpecially if they had been confecrated. The
Heathens as well as Ch'riftians believ'd it, which made Bells (or
fomething equivalent to them) to become very common, and
great Caution was'us'd againft all Injuries that might be done
them. But tho' I could not have the Satisfadion of meeting
with the Monument oi Mfchwine, yet 'twas an unfpeakable Plea-
fure to me to furvey the other venerable Remains of this Place ;
tho' I could not but be mov'd with Indignation to find the Mo
numents of feveral ofthe Abbats, Knights and Efequires (that had
been buried in the Squire) fp much defac'd, and the Brafs
Plates torn off from divers Grave-Stones by Perfons that (not-
withftanding their Pretences) have not the leaft Regard to Re
ligion, or Good Manners, but irreverently trample upon the Afees
oi their Holy Anceftors, vilify and afperfe them, fpeak lightly.
of their Good Works, and take all poffible Methods to deftroy
and break in pieces the Stones that have been ereded to their
Memory. §. 2r. But altho' Mr. Leland has noted that feve-
**F- Leland fMnot j perf f hih Rank and ®uaijty were buried in
eolleft Infcriptions un- ... , 6, ... TV , / . ,
lets there was fome- this Church ; yet he did not think ht to write down
thing very remarka- any one of the Infcriptions, which 'tis likely were le-
"» fa of wo dTthe Sible enough in his time. He contented himfelf with
Jbbati of Dorchefer. Jhort Memoirs, not believing it worth his while to col
led Epitaphs unlefs he found there was fomething re
markable in them befides the Name and the mention of the
Perfons Death. 'Tis difficult at this time to read the moft
ancient of thefe Monuments ; yet from thofe Letters that are
remaining I gather that there is little or nothing of moment
on them. They neither difcover nor illuftrate anything
confiderable in Hiftory, and are therefore to be regarded more
for their Antiquity ahd the feacred Ufe to which they are put,
than for the' fervice they do to Learning. But becaufe in our
Difcourfe you happen'd to mention the Abbey of Rauntan in
Staffbrd-feire, and the Family oi the Suttons, I fhall fend you
two of thefe old Infcriptions, as they are ingrav'd on the Verges
of two of the Grave-Stones that lye in the §>uire of the church ;
the former of which is to the memory of a Bifhop that had been
Prior both of Raunton and Dorchefter, (and his Effigies is cut
on the Stone) the latter of a Prior of Dorchefter, who perhaps was

Between Windfor and Oxford. 161
was a Man of good Note and Learning, notwithftanding
there be not the leaft Hint of it in the Infcription.
I
^tx facet imjs Rogerus quonDam prior priorarug &e
Ramon in torn* Stafbrdiae, poffea abbass moru be
Dorchefter Lincol, SDioctCt lietnon epug Lidenfis.
CUJU0 animas pvopitietur ®tW* Arrien.
'Tis Rauton on the Stone, juft as I have reprefented it. But
'tis probable a Mark fhould have been put over the Line by
the Ingraver as is cuftomary in old Stones as well as Manu-
feripts, of which I have fpoke more particularly in my Dif-
courfe upon the Bathe Infcription. II.
Johan tie Suttona birtug, (litem Crifte corona,
abbatig geflit bites git qui requiefcm
§. 22. Befides the Monuments oi an old Ereclion Pivers mJer" ln-
I might add feveral in this Church that are modern ; {^fwhich'to'the
but the reft being to Perfons of no extraordinary Memory of two «wi-
Note, I fhall only fend you that which is put up nent Lawyers.
in the Wall (juft above the old Image in Alabafter
oi the Knight, on the North Side of the §>uire <*) to the Me
mory of two eminent Lawyers that liv'd here, and are fre
quently talk'd of by the Inhabitants as Men not only of deep
Skill in their ProfeJJion, but of great Probity and Integrity^
and of uncommon Charity to the Poor :
Habes hie, quos quetris (cliens) patronos,
Non aliter poft faia, quam olim in vivis
Facile adeundos.
Geminos etiam caujidicos, unus, nee multum loquax,
Tumulus componit ; geminos manes unum fuftinet
Sepulchrum, utrafque juftitia? lances, .
^uod feacrum fit memories (fat arum legibus eximi prorjus
[digniffimi)
Clariffimi viri, Edwardi Clarke, jureconfulti, Themidis i
Templo Lincolnienii, jam Jeptuagenarii, & ultra, (proh quanta
Sanilitatis argumento luxus IS lites feeculi tamdiu viciffe /)
Aftraeae in caelum abhinc recepti, Anno Dnt. 16230.
§>uin ad defuneli patris incrementa accedit filius,
x Of which fee Mr. Leland's Itin. Vol. II. foi. 1 1
Vol. 5. b b Inter

1 62 An Account of feme Antiquities
Inter titulos genitoris numerandus,
Bis ciniius, tbgct & eqtiitis cinifiirdj
Magifter caticellaria :
Hoc eft,
Patrimonium populi, fortmia miferorum,
Communis regni eonfecienl'ia.
Nunc iterum.filium intra gremium fufcipit, favet, genitort
Et pro fepulchro joboli eft :
Jnfcribit patrem felius auilioribus tifulis,
Et pro monumenta patri eft.
Hie quoque feptuagindrlus, ejufedem nominis, dornus,
Tumuiique hares, cineres fiios paternis
Manibus temifcuit, anno falntis 16380.
Ita fe totum, unde exiit, retribuit,
Et vel in morte docuit
Swum cuique reddere.
Hoc fif a fatis difece (leclor) feu reftituendi
Pneceptum, feeufolatium.
O$uos mors x erepuit, reddidit inde feuis.
£%Ho numcro legum, jurifque anigmata norunt,
O^uos lapis ifte tegit, candide leBor habe.
Concipei quando magis Ciceroni feamma creparent,
Ruanda £s° Athenarum rhetor icante feene :
Marmora quo plaufeu, frailaque Mathone column^,.
Romulidurh & Graium tota theatra refer :
Invenies niellos melius dixijfe togatos ;
Proque his incipies, cum tacuere, loqui.
Several Churches for- §• 23- What Number of Churches were in this
merly in Dorctefier. Place in it's moft flourifhing State is uncertain ;
TheFoundationsof ths this we are fore of, that even after the Conqueft
Biihop's Palace. ^^ ^^ ^ jeaft four ^ ^ ^ mentjon>d in
the ancient Valor Beneficiorum ;) three of which flood on
the South and South-Weft Side of the Abbey Church. There
are evident Marks oi the Foundations oi one juft as we turn
up to the Bridge, in the Gardens oi the Houfe where the
Clerk now lives. They frequently dig up Humane Bones in
thofe Gardens, and many of the Foundation-Stones oi the
Church ftand jutting out next to the High-Way in a narrow
Paffage, which hath been made fince the Church was de-
ftroy'd. And the laft time I went over to view the Anti
quities here I faw plain Tokens where the Tower oi the Church

» L. eripuit. /3 See Mr. Leland's Itin. Vol. II. foi. 11. had

Between Windfor and Oxford. 143
had iftood. Mir. Leland * obferves rb.at the Bi&op's Palace
flood at ,the North- Weft End of the Town. This he re
ceiv'd from Tradition, and 'tis the common Report of the
Inhabitants at this time, for confirmation of which there are
feen large Foundations oi old Buildings, and 'tis in this Part
of the Town that they keep Court.
§. 24. As , tljis had been a Town of very great 'Twas a Place of
Note in the kaxon Times, before it was mi&rably *reat Nr01? Ln the
, r ,. . . " • -•--.' . - riii- I imes oi the Romans.
detac d by the - Danes ; io was it as conhderable in Cjns often found
the Times of the Romans, as we gather /3 from the there.
Gold, Silver and Brafs 'Coyns, which have been fre
quently found. This hath been noted both by Mr. Leland
and Mr. Camden ; but neither of them hath mention'd to
what Emperors any of thefe Coyns belong'd.- Dr. Plot alfo
faw a good Number ; but he has, not defcrib'd any of them,
only he informs y us that thefe as well as the other Roman
Coyns which he' had feen found in divers other Places of this
Country, were moft ofthem of the Emperors between Coc-
tejus Nerva and Theodofius II. exclufively.
§. 25. Thefe Coyns are generally found on the And fometimes Urns
South-Weft Part ofthe Town in a Field of a black ^nd Lachrymatories a
r> r • J 1 • . • i-i -r it - r i T> • Com ot Cn/SKJ and a-
boyl, in which is likewife Variety ot other Remains nothex oi -Gallienus.
tof Antiquity. :Some ofthe Inhsbiiants lately ac- Galljemis a dijolute,
quainted me that not long ago were found in it vwous Pnnce.
an Urn with two Lachrymatories and a Skull and
¦fome other Bones of an Human Body ; but it feems the Per
fons that difcover'd ,them being altogether ignorant of the
ufe of fuch Remains of Antiquity,, they took no manner of
Care to preferve them, but broke them to piece* before any
one of Skill and Curiofity could have a View of them. The
Coyns which I have feen dug up at this Place are oi different
kinds ; but I fhall take notice of only two at prefent, one of
x Loco fupra cit. j3 The very Name alfo fhews it to have
been a Town of note among the Romans, we having no Town to
which Chefter, or Ceafter, as the Saxons writ it, is added but
what was certainly Roman, as has been noted by Mr. Burton
on Antoninus, and fince by Dr. Gibfon in his excellent Edition
"of the Saxon Chronicle at the End, in the Rules for Inter
pretation of Places, fob CASTER, y Nat. Hift. of O*-
fardjkire, ch. X. §. 73- b b 2 Crifpup

,j6^ An Account of fome Antiquities
Crifpus and the other of Gallienus ; of both which for your
better and fuller Satisfadion I have font you exact Draughts:

'Tis true Occo and others make mention of thefe Coyns, (and
for that reafon it may be fome will think it needlefs to
trouble you with thefe Draughts of them ;) but thefe Authors
have omitted feveral Particulars about them which curious
and accurate Men are defirous of knowing. Gallienus (how
ever flatter'd as a mild, virtuous Prince in the Infcription on
the Arch which is printed in Donatus x) was an Emperor of
a vicious, diffolute Life. He had the crabbed, fevere, Jower
Temper of his Father Valerian (who rais'd the Eighth General
Perfeecution againft the Chriftians) was a great Wafter oi the
Publick Treafure, and was fo carelefs about the Welfare of his
Subjecls, that divers Nations were ftirr'd up to Rebellion.
Being now invaded from all Quarters, he was oblig'd to
fhift as well as he could for himfelf; but he had exafperated
all forts of People to that Degree by his loofe kind of Life
that he could not now by any Perfwajions or Artifice gain
upon their Affetlions, but fell a Sacrifice to their Indignation
being flain the xvth. Year of his Reign An. cb. cclxviil.

x De urbe Roma, apud Gravii Thef. Ant. Rom. Tom. III.
col. 706. §.26.

Between Windfor and Oxford. T.frtJ
§. 26. But notwithftanding Gallienus was fo ne
gligent, and fo much adduced to Vice, yet when Yet fuccefsful jb
Inroads were made upon the Empire by fuch a fome °f his EnpeS-
Multitude of Enemies he was oblig'd to go in Per- ^^J/t"
fon againft them, and in fome of his Expeditions which time Coyns ana
he came of victorious, particularly in that againft MtdaU were ftruck.
the Goths in the xth Year of his Reign, in which L>"d'»°™°f the *V
•V l_ r> 1 • I ¦ 1 n 1 ^r> r Ar man MlM-1 010ns, a»3
Year the iycytmans laid waft a good rart of .^w, perhaps Dorchefter.
and burnt the Temple of Diana at Ephefets, Thefe
Tumults inflam'd the Emperor fo much that he'caus'd a forg*
Body of SouldierS' to he flain at Byzantium, and returning to
.Raw* the fame Year, as if he had been compleat Conqueror,
and had now a Refpit for carrying on his Debaucheries, he
order'd the Deqefmhlia' 'to be celebrated with that Pomp and
Magnificence as had hardly been heard of before ; and 'tis
poflible that had not the Publick Enemy diverted him imme
diately, he would have commanded thefe Games to be in
ferted in the Kalendar, as Auguftus (who was the firft that
inftituted them J had done many Years before. 'Twas in
this Year that our Dorchefter Coyn was ftruck. The Infcription
of which on the Reverfee Apollini cons avg fhews
that the Emperor attributed the Succefs he had met with in a
good meafure to the Providential Care of Apollo. 'Tis pro
bable that the Souldiers and Inhabitants of Dorchefter were
Partakers in the Joy that was conceiv'd in divers Places of
the Empire for the good Fortune of Gallienus. who was not
fo much deferted but that he had a good Number oi Friends;
at leaft 'twas not feafonable in times of the Emperor's Profe-
perity to fhew any Difrefped to him. And as Coyns and
Medals were ftruck at Rome upon this Occafion of publick
Rejoycing, fo they were likewife at other Places, as is evident
from the Letters or Figures at the Bottom of fome of the
Reverfees. An inftance may be taken from the Coyn before us.
The Figure at the Bottom feems to be the Remains of the
Letter L, and perhaps denotes that it was ftruck at London.
In the Notitia Imperii indeed London is not mention'd
amongft the fix Mint-Towns, and there is none of them that
occtirrs there that begins with L except Lugdunum, and fo L
in this Coyn will ftand for that City. But this is to be under-
ftood only of the principal Mint-Towns. For 'tis plain from
feveral Coyns on which Lon is vifible that Medals and Coyns
were ftruck at London, and if 'twas not one of the chief (as
'tis probable it might, tho' not reckon'd as fuch when the
Notitia was firft made) yet 'twas at leaft plac'd among'ft thofe

X $6 An Account ef feme Antiquities
thofe that were inferior and feubordmate to the reft. If L be not
the Letter on this Coyn, I do not know hut it may be the
Remains of a D, and that it' Hands for Dorchefter. This is
only Surmife. Yet 'twill deferve your Inquiry whether this
City might not be one of the leffer Mint-Towns, and be under
the Procurator Monet«e at London, as he was under one of
the VI. principal Procurators Monet* of the Empire ?
„^ §. 27, What made Gallienus infcribe thefe Coyns
fe^'sinftribinS'r to. JPol^> w?s chie% his being preferv'd from a
to Afolh. TiieGyjpn violent Peftilence that happen'd in Rome and the
fecred to 4.0/4. r5wr- Cities of Achaja x which cut of a great many thou-
S^yV^in^the fand !n aLV\ Gallienus was not fingular in con-
Septuagim. TheFi- fecrating this Kind of Monuments to Apollo. C.Vi-
jaresoftheGrj^f» in l'ms Trebonianus G alius did the fame thing, as is ob-
^rfrlTafon fav'd bY P^nius L<etus in his Life. And Apol-
&e Coyns of Gallienus. -LiNi Invicto is frequent in ancient Stones. That
his Gratitude might be the more confpicuous, Gal
lienus order'd the Gryffin to be put upon his Coyns, which
¦tho' it be a feilitious Bird, yet 'twas believ'd to be real by
the Ancients, and 'tis mention'd as fuch by Mela, Solinus and
Apulejus. 'Twas look'd upon as facred to Apollo, and for
that reafon the Poets made his Chariot to be drawn by Gryffins.
Since therefore the Ancients took this Bird to be real, Occo
and others do not defcribe it rightly by calling it monftrum
alatum, it being not look'd upon as monftrous by them any
more than other Birds. The Seventy Tranfeaters however
could not but know it to be fictitious, and therefore when
yf»$ is made ufe of by them in Levit. XI. 1 3. and Dext.XIV.
j 2. we ought to underftand no more by it than yeym>ufjts, as-
is noted by Bochart. The Figure of this Bird as reprefented
in our Coyn ought to be nicely obferv'd by fuch as are curious,
being in fome things different from the feveral Figures that
are given of it by A/drovandus.
tp, f §¦ a^* The °ther Coyn which I mention'd is of
Crifpus. ¦Hvunt'iJty Fl Julius Cr'fp«^ the eldeft Son of Conftaniine the
Heath. The Vicenmlia Great by Minervina. This Prince was born at ArUi -,
celebrated the fame anr] was made Cafear by his Father in the Year
tlrc^fup'o^Thal cccxyi- He was a very beautiful, couragious, mild,
«ecafioa. explain'd. chafe, conftant and Virtuous Prince. He was edu
cated in the Chriftian Religion under the Infpedion

* See Trebdl. Pallia de vita Gallieni fenioris c. 5. of

BeOuetn Windfor and Oxford. %&f
of" Ltttlantitts, and was poffefs'd with all his Father's Virtues
without the leaft tiridureof his Vices. Two Years after he
was made Cafar he vanquifh'd the Francks arid Alamahns irt
the Depth of Winter .¦' arid two Years' after that he beat at
Sea Amcmdus the Admiral of Lhinius, having the Year im
mediately preceding fought alfo with much Reputation a-
gainft Lhinhs and his Party. At laft this Good' Prince being
often follieited to WMediiefe by his Mother-in-Law Faufta^
arid refafing to fatisfy her La/?; fhe thereupon turn'd her
Love into Hatred, and accus'd hint to Conftantine, pretendirfg
that he attempted to force and' debauch her. The Emperor
(being perhaps afraid that this good-Prince, who had obtained
fo many confiderable Vtelories, and was honour'd by all Men,
would prove tool great for him) liften'd to the Words and
Suggeftions of this lafecivious, wicked Woman, and condemn 'd
him to dye without permitting him to' fpeak in his own
Juftification. Accordingly he was put to Death by Pvyfeon
at Paia a City of Iftria. But this rajb and unjuft Proceeding
created fo much trouble to the Emperor afterwards, that his
Ctnfecience became very reftlefs and unquiet, and he com
manded his Wife Faufta to be flifled iii a Bath that was over
heated, and by way of Aftanement ereded a Statue oi Silver
with an Head of Gold to the Memory of Crifpus with this
Infcription (betokening his' Injuftice) HAIKIIMESO, and
made divers excdlent Decrees in Favour of the Chriftidns.
The fame Year he was poyfon'd, it being the tenth Year af
ter he was created Cafar, the Vicennalia were celebrated,
and Vows were made for his Prafperity. Coyns and Medals
were, according to Cuftdm, ftruck upon that Occafion, of
which this that was found at Dorchefter is one. The Vows,
Were made in a Temple, and thence 'tis that we have a
Temple (not cippus as Occv calls it) on the Reverfe vWth*
votis xx ¦*- p lon fhews that 'twas ftruck at London,
and we may thence gather that thefe Vicennalia were cele
brated in moft, if not all, Parts of the Empire. The Figure"
of the Sun, with the three Starrs over, fhews that Crifpus!
attributed all his Succefs to Providence, and the War being
now ronduded by him, a bkfijid Peace ffbeata x tranquilitaSy

x 'Tis at large Beata Tran q_U hjtas in ano
ther Coyn oi Crifpus that I have feen dug up in the Clofee on
the South'- Weft Part of Dorchefter. Which perhaps there
fore came from another Mint, or elfe the Curators and O-
verfeers

X08 An Account of fame Antiquities
fo the Coyn is to be read and correded) enfued, which caused
vniverfal Joy ; but this Joy feen vanifh'd upon News of the
Murder oi Crifpus.
My &Und difap- §. 29. From Dorchefter you did not go diredly
jointed in hi» Exfpe- to Oxford, but pafs'd to Abbington, where you ob-
^"hf" «lriotsMS^ ierv'd nothing more than what has been already
papers at Jhbington. taken notice of in printed Authors. You exfpeded
AnHiJiorkalFragment to have met with fome Manufcript Papers relating
eojicerning ^"^j to this Place; but it feems the Gentleman who had
tomm Ai Oxford. them formerly in his Cuftady has parted with them,
and he inform'd you that fome of them are loft ;
for which I am fomething concern'd, becaufe I am very fen-
fible that in this Abbey were divers Hiftorical Manufcripts,
which contain'd a great many Particulars not taken notice
of by thofe who have written ex profeffo of the Engljh
Hiftory. But what I am concern'd for at prefent is, that I
am inclin'd to think that a certain Vaffage which I met with
in a Manufcript (that I have lately printed *) in the Bod-
lejan Library, containing fome Colleclions of Mr. Leland, might
be illuftrated from fuch Papers. He there tells us /3, either from
fome Saxon Chronicle, or from Roufe's Hiftorical Colleclions,
ox elfe from fome other valuable. Book, (for the Note being
put in the Margin I cannot be pofitive from whom, tho'
perhaps it was from the Chronicle of Ofney quoted juft be
fore) that in the Year dcccxxi. was fought a great Battle
between Egbert, King of the Weft-Saxons, and Cealwulph,
King of the Mercians, in a Place between Abbington and Ox
ford, called Cherrenhul, in which Ceolwulph was overthrown.
A". D'. 821. fuit grave bellum inter Egbertum regem Weft-
Saxonum Cif" Ceolwulphum regem Merciorum inter Abingdon
cif Oxford in loco qui Chenpenhul dicitur, viclore Egberto
ThiS Fragment of our Englife Hiftory is very confiderable,
there being not one publifh'd Author, that I remember, that
mentions any Battle to have happen'd at this time between
Abbington and Oxford. Nor is there any other Memorial
that I can learn of any Place being call'd Cherrenhul, except,
Chilfwell-Farm at the Weft End of a great Field (commonly
call'd Hinckfey-Field) on the North-Side of Foxcomb-Hill ;

verfeers of the Mint at Dorchefter took care that the Er
rors that were occafion'd by fome Under-workmen fhould be
redify'd. « At the End of the IVth. Vol. of Leland's Itin.
fi Foh 28. which

Between. Windfor and, Oxford. j6q
Which from fome Remains pf Military Works thereabouts,
and from the Likenefs of the Name, ' I take to be the Place
noted iii the Fragment, which perhaps ought to be correded
Ckejfenhull, the Saxon n and y being oftentimes hard to be
diftinguifh'd in Manufcripts. At this Place, which was form
erly Part oi Bagley Wood, 'was once a fmall Abbey, as I
.learn from, Mr: Leland x, that was built by one ofthe Nobles
.of Ciffa. King of the South-Saxons, but afterwards tranflated
to Seukefham, which from thence was call'd Abbington. The
Saxon Chronicle p has nothing more under this Year, than
that Ceolwulph was depnv'd of his Kingdom. An. dcccxxi.
HertpeariS Ceolpulp hij- jucej- bepcijieb,or bepcejieb!
And other Authors fay, that he was not only depriv'd but
¦murther'd this Year by Bernulph his Succeffor, who ufurped
the Kingdom. But then they tell us no other Circumftances ;
whereas if this Fragment be genuine, (as I fee no reafon to
queftion it) we have a plain Proof that Ceolwulph was brought
to great Extremity by lofs of this Battle with Egbert ; fo that
his ambitious AdverfearyJBernulph might eafily take an oppor
tunity to dethrone and'deftroy him, in which I do notdouht
but he .receiv'd no fmall Affifiance from Ceolwulph' s own
SMbjetls, .many of which were willing enough to liften to
one, who made folemn Proteftation that he would, defend
them againft King Egbert's Forces, which accordingly he did
for fome time; but Egbert at laft quite vanquifli'd him at.
:Ellenduny, (fuppos'd to be Wilt on in Hampfeire) by which
the Eafe- Angles, his inveterate Enemies, had an opportunity
given them of murdering him.
§• 3°- When you are confidering, this Paffage, And another relating
'twill be worth your while alfo to caft your Eye t0 R°^rt P°h"* •*-
upon another 'Fragment oi our Hiftory in the > Page itL^tfil
immediately following, concerning Robert Poleyn's This latter Fragment
promoting the," Study of" Divinity at Oxford in the corf«aed, and an Ex-
Year mcxxxi II, which, it feems, had for fome Years ft@ ^"fe^fof
been . almoft quite negleded. Other Hiftorians fo'n^ CriticksT""" °
have , mention'd this, Decay , and Leland himfelf has

x In one Part of, his Itinerary tranfcrib'd by , Mr. Stozoe, and
communicated to me by my ingenious, ,,tho' unknown, Friend
Mr. Da vies of Lbannerch, lately Gentleman-Commoner of Bra-
zen-Noje-CoM." Qxon. jS Edit. Gibjon p. 70. y See-^Saxen.
Chron. fab. an. dcccxxiii. and Dr. Gibjon's Interpretation of
Names at the End. 1 In this Edit. p. 169.
Vol. $. c c jn.

170 An Account of fome Antiquities
infilled more particularly upon the Service he did the Uni
verfity of Oxford in the Account he hath given us ofthe Life
of this great Man in the IVth. Volume of his Colletlanea
which treats de Scriptoribus Britannkis. From thence and
from Mr. Wood's Antiquities of Oxford x 'twill be plain that
for ftudium facrum Uterarum we ought to read in this Paffage
ftudium jacrarum Uterarum. This unhappy and feandalous
Ne^led of the Study of Divinity is exprefs'd in this Fragment
by °the Word abfelverant, which feveral of your Friends
think (and* they are very pofitive in the Matter) fhould be
correded obfoluerant. Abfolverant (fay they) is certainly
an Error of the Scribe, and feould any one be fo abfurd as to
follow the Manufcript when there is a palpable and grois Mife-
take? The feenfe requires obfoluerant; fo it feould have been
printed, and we doubt not but 'twas fo written in the Original
Manufcript. What thefe Gentlemen obferve is very plaufible,
and I am fenlible that obfoluerant is the word made ufe of
in another Fragment upon the fame occafion in Mr. Wood's
Antiquities . But in Defence of the Exprejfion I have pu-
blifh'd I muft obferve to them (firft) that 'tis exatlly wri-
ten (as I have printed it) abfolverant, with an a and a v
Confonant in our Bodlejan Manufcript. (Secondly) that abf-
oleo, or abjolefeo, is a Compound of abs /3 and oleo, or olefeco.
(Thirdly,) that oleo and olefeco make either olui or olevi in the
Prarter-perfctl. (Fourthly) that consequently the Compound
abfileo or abfolefeo make either abfolui or abfeolevi. ('Fifthly)
that notwithflanding in very old Manufcripts we have both
the u Vowel and the v Confonant made thus U, yet the
moft ancient Writers did not diftinguifh the Form of the u
Vowel and v Confonant, but made them both thus V y.
That therefore (fixthly) abfolverant (as I have printed it) is
the moft ancient and authentick way of writing this Word, and
was probably fo written in the Manufcript made ufe of by
Mr. Leland. I forefee nothing that can be reply'd to this,
unlefs it be that perhaps they wil! fay that abfolverant with
a v Confonant is a wrong way of writing it, becaufe we do
not by that diftinguifh abfelverant that comes from abfeoleo
or abfolefeo from abfolverant that comes from abfolvo. But
I am not concern'd about the modern Diftintlion. 'Tis e-
nough if I obferve to them that the Ancients did diftinguifh

« Sub. an. mcxxxiv. /3 See Vojfms de Analogia lib. III. c.21.
y So in the Pijttn and other old Marbles. the

Between Windfor and Oxford. ^71
the one from the other by Pronunciation. Abfelverant from
abfoleo or abfolefeo they pronoune'd as if it had been written
with a u Vowd, and abfelverant from abfolvo,- as if it had
been written' with a v Confonant, or the Molick Digamma
F *. If this be not fatisfatlory, I fhall beg' leave to ask them
how they think they arediftingu-ifh'dyJ&i that comesfrorn/a&3,
(which makes either feolvi, [i. e.folui, for I noted before that
the moft ancient Writers did not diftinguifh the Farm of the u
Vowel and v Confonant,] or felifus fum in the Prater-perfe&f)
iromfolvi that comes iromfeolvo ? When they have anfwer'd
this ^ueftion, 'tis probable they will themfelves clear fuch
Difficulties that are or fhall be made with reference to the Word
that occurrs in our excellent Fragment.
§. 31 . As you were pafling between Abbington and A". 'U Ronum In-
Oxfard, and inquiring 'of fome Perfons of Curiofity ^TTJ'Zltmmi-
concerning the Antiquities of feveral Places in the tion of SaUuj).
Country, as well as concerning the State of Learning
in the Univerfity, you was inform'd by one of them that I had
lately found an old Raman Infcription written at the End of a
printed Salluft in the Bodlejan Library. The Gentleman that
gave you the Information being a Perfon of Skill and Learn
ing happen'd to have a Copy which I had communicated to
him. It feems you was extremely well pleas'd with this
Fragment oi Antiquity (as you are with all things of that na
ture) and as foon as you lighted at Oxford you did not forget
to difcourfe with me upon that Subjed, and to injoyn me to
fend you an exact Copy of it. The other Task ycu impos'd
upon me is greater than is confiftent with my other Bufinefs
(to which you are no Stranger) and could not but be look'd
upon by you as a good reafon why I fhould deny you this Fa
vour : but there being not much time requir'd for difpatching
this Affair, and being withal very much concern'd for pro
moting and advancing the Worthy D efegns you have form'd for
the Benefit ofthe Publick, I have endeavour'd to gratify your
Requeft, by fending to you the following Copy, which I have
taken with all due Accuracy, and have diilinguilh'd what is
contain'd in each Line by Figures.

x See Arnddus Rumamiufs. Roma Attica, p. S.

CC 2

iJZ An Account of fome Antiquities

i hospes a Deico pavlvm est asta
AC P6LLIGE
2 HIC 6ST SGPVLCRVM: HAV PVLCRVM
PVLCRAI FEMINAI
3 NOMEN PARENT6S NOMINARVNT
CLAVDIAM
4 SVOM MARGITVM CORDG DILGXIT SOVO
5 GNATOS DVOS CREAVIT : HORVC
ALTERVNC
6 INTGRRA LIN&T: ALIVM SVBT6RRA
LOCAT
7 SERMONS L6PIDO : TVM 6TIAM IN-
CCSSV COMODO
8 DOMVM SGRVAVIT
9 LANAM FGCIT
io DIXI ABGI.

This infcription more §. g2. The Salluft, from which I have tranfcrib'd
correftly printed by h; jnfeript; which js t0 the Honour of Claudia,
us than by Gruter, J t . ' . . '
&c, 'Tis genuine. a beautiful, ingenious, modeft, ana dtjcreet Lady, is a
Copy of the Edition that was printed in Folio at Ve
nice by Baptifta de lords in the Year ciocccclxxxi. I think
from thefe Words, Pardus TJrfenus fcripfit, on the Infide of
one of the Covers, that 'twas tranfcrib'd by Fulvius Urftnus,
and that he took it exadly from the Stone then preferv'd at
Rome, tho' fince loft. 'Tis exfbnt likewife in Smetius and
Gruter, as alfo in Ferrerius's Mufa Lapidariee ; and Angelus
Roccha a Camerino in his Bibliotheca Vaticana makes ufe of it
when he is fpeaking of the old Orthography. All of them
look'd upon it as genuine. Nor do I fee any reafon as yet to
think otherwife, tho' I know that it has been queftion'd by
fome very learned Men, particularly by my late excellent Friend
Dr. Thomas Smith (to whom I had fent it) in the laft
Letter I receiv'd from him (being dated at London April the
firft,

lletwein Windfor' an d Oxford. 173
firft, 171b. about fix Weeks x -before he died;) in, which
however he offepd no reafon for his Sulpjcion, being at that
time incapable' of writing down his Thoughts upon?. Account
of his ill'Sfate of Health. Urjihus's Copy, (for fo I. will call
it) ismuch more corred than that of the. other learned Anti
quaries beiorer quoted, he having obferv'd the. Form > of the
Abbreviations and Letters, which are in fomerefpeds different
from, what I have, noted' of them - in other Monuments oi
the "like nature, and perhaps that might give occafion to fome
of fufpeding it's Gen'ui'nefes ; but the Fxpreffions and Characler
are- modefl, and every way anfwer the Style, and Decorum of
the Ancients ; and the Manner of writing is conform ta the
oldeft Method ot the Romans, and I believe we may as well
bring into queftion the jColumna Roftrata, the Monument to
Scipia Baxbatus, that of the Bacchanalian Laws, and fome
others (that are confefs'd and ailow'd to be authentick) as well
as this, which was a plain- Monument, hau pulcrum, as 'tis
here worded, for baud, or haut, pulcrum : where, we fee the
d or / is omitted, and it fhews in fome meafure that Gerard
Voffius was miftaken when he deny'd that this- Word came
from the Phasnician au. I fhall not trouble you with the Va
riations of Urfenus's Copy from the others, but will leave that
to your own Indiiftry and Obfeervation. I will only remark
to you (firft) that the Latin Letter E is made thus (6) in
fome other Monuments which I have feen, particularly in a
Brafs Coyn fi of Tetricus the Elder found lately with a great
Number of other Coyns (all inclos'd in two Earthern Pots) at
Coningsborotigh about three Miles Weft from Doncafter in Tork
feire, fome of which have been prefented to me by the Reve
rend and Learned Mr. Marmaduke Fothergill of Pon-
tefracl in that County. (Secondly) that pellige in the firft Line
is for pellege (as Ferrerius has it) or perlege. (Thirdly) that
AI for Al£ occurs in Abundance of old Fragments and Re
mains, and particularly in a Brafs but fecarce Coyn of the larger

x See mv Preface to Antoninus 's Itin. through Britain, prin
ted with Dr. Rob. Talbot's Notes at the End ofthe Hid. Vol.
oi Leland's Itinerary, fi The Infcription is laCtitia AVG.N,
not avgg as 'tis in Occo. 'Twas ftruck in the Year cclxxiv.
at which time Tetricus and his Son fubmitted themfelves to
Aurdian, Size

174 An Account of fome Antiquities &c.
Size to the Memory of Agrippina, Mother to Nero, which
I have feen fn the Hands of a very worthy Friend, and if ge
nuine (for I very much fufped it) is of equal Value with it's
-Scarcenefe. 'Tis a Colony Piece f and I remember (for I had
only a flight View) that there are thefe Words upon it : Me-
moriai Agrippinai, which way of writing Agrippinee is
likewife us'd in an excellent Monument in Gruter x. And that
(fourthly) between the Letters R and V ofthe Word horvc
in the fifth Line was firft of all written N over head, as if it
fhould be read horvnc, but that afterwards it was ftruck
out by the fame Hand.
Thefe Remarks-only §. 33. What I have drawn up at your Requeft is
* Spesimen of what nothing but a Specimen of a great Variety of Remarks
might be done for this , n?r . r , ¦ , ? , , i_ 11 lL
Watumr\f there were and Ubjervauons that might be made through all the
tuiiabUEacouragement. Counties of this Nation by Perfons of better Abilities
and more Leifure. A Man ofa true Genius for An
tiquities,, that hath an opportunity of Travelling and Colled-
ing, and is afterwards able to judge of his Colleclions, will
make fuch Difcoveries as will be either wholly new, or at leaft
Will illuftrate and clear divers intricate and obfcure Paffages in
otrr old Hiftorians. But we muft not exfped to fee this done
to purpofe 'till it be promoted and advanc'd by Men of large
EJfates, and by thofe that have got the rich and great Prefer
ments in their Hands. Whenever that happens we fhall have
good reafon to look for accurateDraughts and excellent Accounts of
that noble Colletlion of ancient Marble Statues preferv'd in the
Gardens of Sir William Farmer, now Lord Lempfter, at Efton
in Northampton-feire, (which his Lordfhip happily bought of
the Dutchefs Dowager of Norfolk, fhe that was before Mrs.
Bkkerton)and of other venerable Monuments oiAntiquity difpers'd-
ti'p and down this Kingdom. This is an Undertaking that has
been a long time defir'd, and when it is attempted, carry 'd
err, and confummated, it cannot fail of meeting with due
Approbation from all fuch as have any Love for L'earnim. or An
tiquity. I am fore 'twiil be very acceptable to your felf, as
"twill alfo to.
Sir,
Your moft humble Servant,
Bodleian Library Tho. Hearne.
Aug- 10. mdccxi.

F. ccxxxvi. n. q.
APPEN-

m

APPENDIX. NUM. I. See fag. 132.
Out of Mr. Dodfewortb's MSS. Coll. Vol. cxxx. £ 58. a.
Communia de anno 18. E. If. termino Pafch*.
Suffex Ro. 9. ex parte Auftrali.
Robertus de Shotesbrooke—
tempore Hen. 3.

Joannes=z \
Gialielmuv=iRoeJia filra
Vizdelon. & heres.
MAn. de Shotesbroke tenetur de Domino Rege in capites*. MaST
per fervitium inveniendi carbonem ad fabricandam^e Shot^f-
coronam Dni. Regis, & fuum Regale, percipiendo 6cs. iodea. r°ieaua
per annum pro prxdido carbone inveniendo. De quibus
Reginaldus de Pavelay perquifivit didum Man. Quod Man.
tenetur per feriantiam, per fervitium inveniendi carbonem ad
aurifabricam Dni. Regis, x & ficut & ficut ad coronam foam &
Regale fuum, & percipiendo 60s. iod. per annum pro prae-
dido carbone inveniend. fo. 16.
NUM. II. See Pag. 132.
Out of Mr. Dodfworth's MSS. Coll. Vol. lxiv. f. 34. a.
Efcact 45. H. 3. num. 15.
Haec eft Inquificio fada per facramentum Nigelli Stodard Berk ffi
&c. quantum terrae Robertus de Scatesbroc tenuit de Domino Robertas dt,
Rege in capite, & quantum de aliis &c. Qui dicunt per i2,.San^rcki
cramentum fuum quod didus Robertus tenuit die quo obiit
de Domino Rege in capite unam carucat. terrae & dimid. in
Scotebroc per fervicium militare, & reddendo inde per annum
ad wardam caftri Windefore xxs. & debet fervicium Domino

Sic. Regi

jj6 Appendix.
Regi in exercitu fuo per quadraginta dies ad cuftum fuum pro-
prlum. - Et tenait'duas acras terrae de^ohanne"deaBene^e4d^rsr-o
fex denariis per annum, & quatuor acras prati de Willelmo.de
la Tarftane.pro vid- per-annum. Etdic\int-q\iodjjobanites filius
ejufdem Roberti eft ejus heres propinquioftsetatis trium.anno-
rum &c. In cujus rei teftimonium.
•NUM.- III. Seepag. 132.
- Ibid. Foi. 40. b.
Efecaet. anno incerto H. 3. num. 103.
Berkfr. Robertus de Sotesbroc tenuit in capite" de Domino Rege in
Sotesbroc in comitatu Berk, duas carucatas terrae cum ferviciis
liberorum hominum & villenag, pratis, bofcis, & aliis liber-
tatibus ad didam terram pertinentibus valoris per annum
xviii1. faciend. eidem Domino Regi fervicium unius militis,
& cuftodiae caftri de Wyndelfeoure per annum xxs. Et eft Ro
bertus filius fuus proximus ejus heresrr&.;eft hac die Purifica-
cionis beatae Maria anno regni Regis Henrici xxxi0. de aetate
xvi. annorum. • Jurator Ada de Nigel!. &c.
NUM. IV. . See pag. .146.
The~Infcription under ' the Buft of Dr. Wallis that is fex'd to
a Pillar on the North-Eaft Side of the Pulpit of St. Mary's
1 Church Oxon.
JOHANNES WALLIS, S.T.D.
Geometrise Profeffor Savilianus,
&
Cuftos Archivorum Oxon.
Hie dormit.
Opera reliquit immortalia.
Ob. Oil. 28. A. D4 1703. j£t. 87.
Filius & Heres ejus
Johannes Wa l l i s
De' Soundefs in Com, Oxon.
Armiger P.
NUM. V. Seepag. 150.
Claufe. 14. E. I. m. 5. De quadam Inquifttione capta de bundis
parochia de Braye, c^ decimis is" oblacionibus, &c. Inqui-

Appendix* 177
Inquifitio capta coram R. Fulcon. aflignato apud Elyngton
juxta Braye die Veneris in fefto Sandae Margareta Virginis,
anno regni regis Edwardi terciodecimo, per facramentum Bar-
iholomei de Erie, Roberti de Hulle, Roberti de Wautham, Gil-
berti Maddok, Johannis de Henefend, Godefridi de Henlfend,
Johannis de Sunnyngefeull, Rogeri le Cras, Roger! del Wich, Ro-
geri Beneyt, Robert de la Chaumbre, & Edmundi de Littlefendi
ad hoc x juratos, & de confenfu parcium eledos. Qui di
cunt fuper facramentum fuum, quod parochia de Braye inci-
pit apud Bodelefpole, & fie fe extendit ufque ad domum Wal-
teri de la Hawe, qui eft de parochia de Wyndef, & a domo
fejufdem Walteri, ufque ad Elyftr. quae eft bunda verfus auf-
trum, & ab illo loco ufque Hethtrewe, quae eft bunda verfus
trceidentem ; & fie ufque ad quendam locum in quo ftetit
fi quoddam quercus quae fuit bunda juxta Bradenbrugg ; & fie
ab illo loco ufque Crukesfend, quae vocabatur Vacherye Regum
Angliee, & nefciunt fi fit de parochia praedida, vel non, {et
femper de antiqua cultura folverunt ecclefiae de Braye decimas,
de nova cultura folverunt decimas fuas de aliqua parte ad ean-
dem ecclefiam, & de alia parte folverunt decimas aliquo tem
pore ecclefiae Sarr. de novo ; & de quadam parte Dominus
Rex fequeftravit decimas. Praeterea dicunt, quod de Crukef-
fend extendit parochia praedida ufque la Fayrhok, quae eft
bunda parochiae praedidae ; & de la Fayrhok ufque Wolvelyey
quae eft de parochia de Wautham Abbatis ; & fie de Wolvelye
ufque ad Maydenhith. Et quaefiti fi Abbates Cyrenceflr. qui
pro tempore fuerunt, ceperunt aliquas decimas extra bundas
praedidas, dicunt, quod non, nifi tantummodo ficut fupradiC-
tum eft. Et quia nondum fuit plane declaratum, utrum Cruche-
fend eflet bunda parochiae de Braye, nee ne ; didum fuit eif-
dem Juratoribus, quod fe plenius inde cerciorarent. Ita quod
ad certum diem eis praefigendum ipfum Robertum cerciorarent,
ita quod omnes Juratores venerint coram eodem Roberto apud
Cruchefend die Lunae proxima poll feftum exaltationis Sandae
Crucis, praeter Robertum de Wautham qui mortuus eft, &
Robertum Beneyt qui infirmabatur ; ita quod partes in didum
eorum confenferunt. Et dicunt fuper facramentum fuum,
quod Cruchefend fuit quondam vaccaria Domini Regis, it ell
in le Fryth ; & quod homines de Cruchefend fecerunt ecclefia;
de Braye, & adhuc faciunt, exceptis duabus cultuvis, omnes

x L. juratorum. C5" max eleflorum. fi F. quondam, vel quas-
dam. d d decimas

I j 8 Appendix.
decimas & oblaciones inde provenientes, fet intelligunt fi
Cruchefend nunc primo redigeretur in culturam quod ecclefia
de Brave nihil inde caperet. Quaefiti qua ratione, dicunt,
quod Cruchefend eft in le Frith, & le Frith nichil pertinet ad,
Braye ; dicunt etiam, quod per ducentos annos & amplius
perceperunt redores ecclefiae de Braye oblaciones, & omnimo-
das decimas inde provenientes. Praeterea dicunt, quod omnes
terras contentas in cedula praefentibus jnterclufa redadaa
fuerunt in culturam citra quadraginta annos nunc proxi
mo elapfos.
Et memorandum, quod ifta Inquificio quam cito irrotulata
fuit, liberata fuit per manum J. de Langeton die Martis in vi-
gilia Apoftolorum Philippi & Jacobi, Anno &c. 14. Magiflro
H. de Brauncefton tunc Decano Sarr. & Henr. de Effe Canonico
ejufdem ecclefiae cum brevi original).

I N I S,

THE
ITINERARY O F
JOHN LELAND THE
A N T I Q^U A R Y.

Vol. the Sixth.

Publifh'd from the OriginalMS. in the
BODLEIAN Library
By Thomas Hearne M. A*

To which are annex'd

A Letter to the Publifher, containing an Ac
count of fome Obfervations relating to the
Antiquities and Natural Hiftory oi England;
And an EfTay towards the Recovery of the
Courfes of the four Great Roman Ways.

The Third Edition.

OXFORD,
Printed at the T h e a t e r for James Fletcher, Bookfeller
in the Turl; and Jofeeph Pote, Bookfeller at Eton.
M DCC LXIX.

W E E V E R's Ancient Funeral
Monuments ¦, p. 688.
Saint Michaels" Querne.
Here lieth interred the body of John Leland, or
Ltyland, Native of this honourable Citie of London,
brought up in the Univerfities of England and France,
where he greatly profited in all good learning and
languages : Keeper of the Libraries he was to King
Henry the Eight, in which Office he chiefly applied
himfelfe to the ftudy of Antiquities ; wherein he was
fo laborious and exquifite, that few, or none, eith'"
before or fince, may bee with him compared.

Ill

THE
PREFACE.

MR. Burton's Copy reaching no farther than to the
End of the Fifth Volume, I am oblig'd for the Va
riations and Supplements in the fubfequent Volumes
to depend wholly upon Mr. Stowe'* Tranfcript,
which tho' it was taken immediately from the Originals, yet Mr.
Stowe having himfelf a Defign of writing a Defcription of Eng
land, and of difcourfeng at large about all the Religious Houfes,
(as is manif eft from many Notes of his now remaining upon that
Subjecl) he thought fit to model his Copy by altering feme things,
and leaving out others, as he thought moft agreeable to ihe Plat
form he had laid.
The Letter printed at the End of this Sixth Volume was writ
ten by a very worthy Friend, the reverend and learned Mr.
Francis Brokesby, formerly Fellow of Trinity-College in
Cambridge, and afterwards Reclor of Rowley in the Eaft-Ri-
ding of York-fhire. lt contains divers curious Obfervations
that were made (amongft a great many others) as he was travelling
thro' divers Parts of Engl and. He was induced to draw them up
partly by feome Letters thatfeometime agoepajfed between us concern
ing Mr. Camden'* Britannia, and partly by Dr. Ylot's Letter
which I publife'd in ihe fecond Volume of this Itinerary. I could
make feveral additional Remarks of the fame Nature my felf ,
(which perhaps might be grateful to candid, -ingenious,' and cu
rious Readers) but that fo particular an Enumeration o^Circum-
flances requires a diflind Work, and would extend it felf far
beyond the Cumpace of my Defign. I Jhall however obferve feme
few PaiTages that occafeonally offer' d themfelves when I was print
ing this Letter.
The Antiquities of York-fhire (which Mr. Brokesby men
tions pag. 97.) written by Dr. Johnfton were never compleated nor
drawn into Method. The Materials and Colledions for this
Wp.rk are very large and curious, and a great many of them
a 2 . were

IV THEPREFACE.
were tranfcrib'd by the Worthy Author {who had Abilities,^ both
as tg Learning and Probity, to write upon this Subjed with all
becoming Advantages) from the Colledanea of the defeervedly ce
lebrated Mr. Roger Dodfworth, now in the Bodlejan Li
brary, all which he had read over with very great Care and Dili
gence. The Dotlors Papers concerning York-fhire are compre
hended in feveral Folios, and I am inform' d that moft, if not ally
ofthem are lodg'din the Herald's-Office.
When I firft receiv'd this Letter I communicated, the Pafiage in
page ipi. concerning the Plant Mr. Brokesby met with near
Chefterfield to two learned Botanifts now living in Oxford,
who both agreed that if it was that Species of Orobanche call'd
Dentaria major Matthioli {as they thought with Mr. Ray it
might) it was to be met with in divers Parts «/"England ; but that
if it fhould prove to be Dentaria minor, it was what neither
themfelves, nor any one elfe before {that they knew of) had met with
in this Kingdom.
What he hints at in pag. 102. concerning the Iron made ufe of by
the Roman Fabrica, erecled at Bath, I feall take no farther no
tice of here, but refer for my opinion about it to the Difcourfe /
have publijh'd concerning the Bath-Infcription at the End of Sir
John SpelmanV Life of King Mlired.
Whereas in pag. 105. Mr. Brokesby, in fpeaking of thofe that
liv'd fo fee great Numbers defended from them, hath been pleas' d
to mention M". Mary Hony wood, and Dr. Michael Hony wood,
one of her Grand-Children, for better fatisfaclion I feall here pub-
life the Epitaphs of both ofthem, as I find them tranfcrib'd in ont
k of Dr. Smith's MSS. in my Poffeffeon.
Mary Waters, Daughter and Coheir of Robert Waters oi
Lenham in Kent, Efq; Wife of Robert Honiwood of Cha-
ringe in Kent, Efq; her only Hufband, had at her Deceafe
lawfully defcended from her 367. Children, 16. of her own
body, 1 14. Grand-Children, 228. in the third Generation,
and 9. in the fourth. She led a moft pious Life, and in a
moft Chriftian manner dy'd here at Mark's-Hall in the 93.
Year of her Age, and the 44th. of her Widowhood, the
10th. of May anno Domini 1620.

*s Num. XIV. p. 43. Foi. Michael

THEPREFACE. \
Michael Honywood, S. T. P. II.
celeberrimae illius Matrons
Maries Honywood, pxzfoxlav®- to, -jro^vT'tmn,
e nepotibus poft nullum memorandus,
hie juxta fitus eft :
Collegii Chrifti apud Cantabrigienfes olim
Alumnus & Socius,
Pietatis, pads, literarum fludiofiffimus :
Quibus ut vacaret,
Patriam perduellium conjuratione perturbatam fugit,
xvn. poft annos in tranquillam Carolo II. reduce rediit,
deinceps Collegio huic Lincolnienfi
Decanus annos xxi. prafuit :
Vir prifca fimpl ici rate,
morum probitate,
Liberali magnificentia infignis :
Qua quidem unica
Monumentum fibi cum literis duraturum pofuit:
Utpote qui Clauftri hujus Ecclefiae dilapfo in latere,
exftruda prius
fumptibus non exiguis
Bibliotheca,
earn poftea libris nee paucis nee vulgaribus locupletaverit :
tandem fpe vitas immortalis
Morti, Hanyvodios lento pede infequenti,
lubenter fe obtulit
Die vii. menfis Septembris
rvEtatis fuae lxxxv.
Anno-} CSal. humanas m. dc. lxxxi.
Upon a Stone that covers ihe Grave :
Here lyeth the body of Michael Honywood, D. D. who
was grand child, and one of the 367. perfons, that Mary,
the wife of Robert Honywood, Efquire, did fee, before
ibee dyed, lawfully defcended from her, that is, 16. of
her

VI THE PREFACE.
her owne body, 114. grand -children, 228. of the third
generation, and 9. ofthe fourth.
The former of thefe Epitaphs is put upon Mrs- Honywood's
Tomb, that was fet up in Mark's Hall in ElTex by her eldeft
Son Robert Honywood, Efq\ and the latter is put upon Dr.
Honywood'* Alonument, that is erecled to his Memory in one
ofthe Walls of the Minder of Lincoln.
It may be likewife proper upon this occafion to take notice
of an eminent Scotch Gentleman, who liv'd two hundred Years
fince, I mean Thomas Urqhart, Laird and Sheriff of Cro
marty, who marrying the Lady Helena Abernethie had by
her thirty fix Children, viz. 25. Sons and n. Daughters.
Jfhey both liv'd to fee them all well provided for. The Sons
were Men of great Reputation, partly upon account of their
Father'*, and partly for their own perfonal Merits. The Daugh
ters were match 'd in Families not only equal to their Quality,
but of large, plentiful Eftates, and they were all of them {as
their Mother had been) very fruitful in their Iffue. This Ex
cellent Gentleman was fo fignally remarkable for his Magni
ficence and Generofity, that he was not equall'd, at leaft not
exceeded, by any in that Age. He built the Caftle of Cromarty
at his own Expence, which was look'd upon as the fineft and
moft exad Piece of Architedure in Scotland. , He always
maintain'd fifty Servants to attend and wait upon him, was
frequently ingag'd in perplexed Cafes in Behalf of his Friends,
was hofpitable to all that came, and was very charitable to
the Poor, to whom he gave great Summs away in publick and
private ; and yet notwithftanding thefe and other Methods of
fpending his Money and leffening his Subftance, he was not
involved in any Debts when he dy'd, but tranfmitted his Eftate
intire as he found it to his Pofterity. But all this will be fet
in a better Light from the following Infcription a to the Me
mory of him and his Lady, which is to be feen at the Entry of
the aforefaid Caftle ^/"Cromarty in the Shire of Cromarty in the
North of Scotland :
Verae effigies illuflriffimorum genere virtuteq; clariffimorum
conjugum Tbomte Urqharti Cromartice Baronis, Vice-comitis (a
viginti quatuor proavis generofiffimis) hereditarii, ejufque fi-
deliffimae confortis Helena: Abernethiee, Saltonii Magnatis filial

x E Coil. MSS. Smitbianis penes editorem, Vol. XVI. p-
I. foi. di-

the Preface. vii
dilediffimae ; quae poftquam praedido fuo chariffimo manto
fex fupra triginta fpeciofiffimos peperifTet liberos, unanimiter
cum eo pervixit donee viginti quinque natorum unufquifque
virilem attigerit setatem, eorum fex (ad minimum) Galliam
aliafque pervarias (educationis ergo) praelonginquas patriis
fumptibus regiones exadiffime peragraverint, deque tandem
futura conditione fat fatis profpedum fuerit, & praecipuis vi-
cinorum agrique ditiflimorum fuas undecim filias (ex qua-1
rum nulla numerofa non proftat hue ufque progenies) ap-
prime ac praeclare elocaverit ipfarum pater. Qui quamvis
prae reliquis fui temporis dapfilis fuerit, fplendidoque appa-
ratu quinquaginta fervorum dies augufte tranfegerit, hoc
tamen aedificium impenfis propriis, quale nullum hoc in
regno foliditate murorum par extat(architedore Gallico)r\ruere
curavit anno Gratiae 1507. Idque tanta cum providentia &
fagacitate, ut quanquam in prole tarn multiplici, famulitio,
philoxenia amicorumque quamplurimorum fkpe faspius im-
plicatiffimis aporiatifque negotiis fatis fuperque erogaverit,
totas nihilominus & integras, quas a parentibus hereditavit,
terras, argentive fummas, fois pofteris, ejufque nominatim
primogenito, nulli prorfus alienoobnoxius aeri magnificentif-
fime tranftulit. In cujus rei memoriam, ne viri tantae probi-
tatis & praeftantiae fama oblivioni tradatur, ejus trinepos D.
Thomas Urqhartus, manu regia x pifleo probleticae majeftatis
Caroli primi luftro abhinc noviffime exado in Bafilio Londi-
henft folenniter infignitus miles, qui licet paterno debito
magnopere conftridus, avitae veruntamen induftriae zelo fre-
tus fefe fperans inde propediem extricaturum, hoc mnemo-
fynum, honoris gratia, fculpere juffit & mandavit anno 1648.
menfifque Sextilis die fupra vigefimum quinto.
The fubftance of what Mr. Brokesby writ to me for
merly concerning Perfons that were long-liv'd, (to which he refers
in pag. 105. J is (1.) an Account of feveral Authors that
have treated of this Subjed. (2.) An account of a Woman
in his Parifh in York-fhire, named Jane Wil fon, who gave
out that fee was fix fecore Years old, and after feven fecore, and
hence bad many Vifitants, from whom fee got Money. She was
born before Regifters were kept in Country-Parifhes, which was

x Sic in Codice Smithiano. not

VIII THE PREFACE.
mt 'till the 3d. or 4th. Year ofghieen Elizabeth, a tho' there were
Injundions for them in King Henry the Eighth and King Edr
ward the Sixth's Reign. Hence Mr. Brokesby could have
no light for the time of her Baptifm. The Account fee gave
Mr. Brokesby of her felf would not amount to what fee pre
tended. She feaid fee was fifty Years old when fee was married,
and that fee had been married two Years before fee had her eldeft
Son. His Age was in the Parijb Regifter. This rais'd her Age
to about 113. when fee dy'd. Tho" tis unufual, 'tis not incre
dible for Women to have Children at that Age, in that Fran
cis Junius, on Ruth, in the Preface, tells us of a Woman in
the Palatinate of the Rhine, who bad Gemellos in the 56,K.
Year of her Age, whom he had feen ; and the Cricket of the
Hedge, that Mr. Brokesby fpeaks of in his Letter, had
a Daughter at four fcore. This might happen to Women of
extraordinary Conftitutions, and fuch we muft conclude them
to be, who arrive at fo great an Age ; tho' Diet, and Exercife,
and Temperance, and places of Abode may conduce much to
prolong Life. But the Habitation of the poor Woman we are
mentioning could help little thereto, tho' fuch as fee was well
pleas' d with, all being but one Room, a Hearth againft the

x tho"1 there were Injunctions for them in King Henry the Eighth
&c.] Concerning the faid Injunctions in K. Henry the Eighth's
Reign, Mr. Stowe writes thus * : Tbis moneth of September
[An. 1538. Reg. H. 8. 30.] Thomas Cromwell Lord Privy-
Seale, Vice-Gerent to the King'1! Highnes, Jent forth Injuntli
ons to all Bijho-ps and Curat s throughout the Realm, charging them
to Jee that in every Parijb Church, the Bible of the largeft Volume,
printed in Englilh, were placed, for all men to read on, and that
d Booke of Regifter were alfo provided and kept in everie Parijb
Church, wherein Jball be written every Weding, Chriftening,
and Burying within the Jame Parijb for ever. 'Tho thefe In
junctions were not much obferv'd, yet 'tis certain that Regifters
were placed foon after in fome Churches. And accordingly!
am inform'd that the Regifter of Solihull in the County of War
wick begins the Year alter thefe Injunctions were publifh'd, viz.
an. 1539. And therefore what is here obferv'd in the Preface
about Regifters being kept in County- Parifhes, is to be underftood
of that ftridlnefs about them which begun in Q^ Elizabeth'' $
Time.

* Annals, p. 57;. Foi. Ed.

End-

THE PREFACE. IX
End-Wall built of coarfe Stone, and a Hole above to let out tbe
Smoke. Her Food was plain.^ Parfnips boyl'd or foaked in
Whey and.fweetn'd with Sugar or Moloflos was a great, Dife
with, and chiefly, us'd by, her. A Pidgeon, or the like, and u
Draught or two of Ale were very acceptable, with which fee
us'd to be gratify'd by feveral Neighbours. ( 3. ) An Ac
count of one Francis Harris aged 180. Years, fome odd Weeks
'end days. Mr. Brokesby thinks he is not miftaken either
in the Name or Age. He did not know the Man himfelf,; but
receiv'd the Relation at Red-Hill three Miles from Notting
ham, where 'tis probable fuch as are curious in thefe Inquiries
may obtain a Relation of the Place of his Habitation, his Method
ef Living, and fome other Circumftances about him, which
'twould be very proper to be jdtisfy'd in, his Age being very
extraordinary, and furpaffeng moft other Peoples.
The Woman mention'd by Mr. Brokesby (pag. 107. ) as
now living in London, is one Jane' Scrimfhaw. She is in Mer
chant-Taylor's Alms-Houfe near Little Tower-Hill, where
fee ' hath liv'd thefe four fecore Years, She was the Daughter of
Thomas Scrimfhaw Woolftapler, and was barn in the Parife of
St. Mary Le Bow London, on the third of April 1584. So
that fee is in the 127th. Year of her Age. x She is very hearty
and likely to live much longer.
Thefe Obfervations relating to Mankind bring to my memory
what I have read concerning the wonderful Fafting of a certain
Gentleman of Scotland, of great Probity and Integrity, and
of noble Defcent. When the thing was firft reported, 'twas
looked upon as incredible, and nothing elfee but a feign'd Story,
invented partly for the carrying on fome cunning Defign. A-
mongft thofe that were follicitous about the Truth of this Re
lation was Seignior Albergati of Bononia, who very ferupu-
laufey examin'd the matter, and found that he had not been
impos'd upon at all in what he had heard about this extraor-

x She is very hearty and likely to live much longer. ] She
dy'd foon after the writing of this, viz. on \ Wednefday Dec.
26.1711. .and was buried in Aldgate Church Yard. She
had hardly a Grey Hajr on her Head, and retain'd her Me-
f Others fay fhe dy'd on Tuejday Dec. 25. being Chriftmas-
Day.
Vol. 6. b dinary

THE PREFACE.
dTnary Perfin, For better fatisfadion to others- Seigwr AI-
her<*ati writ an Account of it with bis awn Hand, theUrtgiruU
of which is preferv'd in the Cottpnian Library. I have gat
a Copy of it by me «, which for the fake of inquifitive Reader*
I feall here make publick :
Vianefms Albergatus Bmsnienfis candidis ledonbus talutern.
Injuria veritati incredibilibus in rebus profedo fieret, nifi
qui res ipfas perfpexerint, earn apud abfentes ac pofteto§ ju-
varent. ,6 Igitur reverend us in Chrifto pater, Dommus Syl-
vefter Darius Lucenfis, fandiffimi .Domini noftri dementis
Papa: feptimi Rotas Auditor, ac in praefenti apud fereniffi-
mum Scatorum regem fuas fanditatis & apoftplicae fedis nun-
ttus, vir excellentis dodrinae ac fommae probitatis & pruden
tial, mihique plures annos finglulari amicitiajundus, per fuas
literas fignificafliet, joannem Scotum, virum probum, ac inter
fuos nobilem, tribus continuis menfibus, propter ipfius in
Dcum pietatem, Cibo potuque abftinuifie : quod fi forte in-
credibile, & fupra quam humana natura pati ac gerferre
pofiet, michi videretur, ut rem ipfam, quam proculdubip ef-
fem inventurus, experiri ppfiem, ideo ipfum ilium virum
cum fois Uteris ad me mittere : ego, qui tanti viri fidem &
integritatem jam diu notam ac perfpedam habebam, nephas
fufpfcari ducebam, ilium in re, quae manifefta foturo expe-
rimento effet, mentirii. Attamen cum res ipfa incfedibHis
mihi videretur, flatui veritatem ipfam, ut ille me admonebat,
quantum humano ingenio fieri poterat, perfcrutari. Itaque
Saturn ipfum per Interpretem (eft enim npftrae ac Latin*
lingua? penitus ignarus) interrogavi, an verum diet, quod
tamdiu. abfque cibo potuque permanfifiet ? Et cum id verif-
fimum efie affeveraiet, quasfivi ab eo, an pietatis ae noftra,
caufa, ut rem tarn inauditam videremus, per aliquot dies cibo
potuque abftinere vellet I quod fe fadurum Deo dante ef|.
pollicitus. Ego hujufce rei explorandae cupidiifimus,, ipfiHfl*
omnibus fois veftimentis exutum, ne quid in eis, per quod
fpiritus recreare & vires refocillare, neque fallere poflet,
quod alias fadum audiveram, effet abfconditum, aliifque ve-
ftibus a me fibi, tradkis. indutum, undecim continuos dies

mory and Senfes to the laft. About a year ago fhe was ad
mitted into the Queen's {^. Anns) Prefence, and a Sum of
Money beftow'd on her. « Inter C'odd. MSS1. Smithianos,
Vol. XIV. p. 56. /3 Sic in Cod. MS. Smithiano. Legend.
forfan, quum igitur. nodef-

THE PREFACE. XI
fto&efque domi meae in cubiculo diligentiffime claufo & ob-
lignato continui, ac ne quid cibi potufve caufa inferri poflet
accuratiffime cavi & obfervavi : quin etiam ipfius cubiculi
claves penes me femper habui, nee eas cuiquam etiam mihi
intimo credidi, ut omni fraudis fufpicione remota experirer,
an fine cibo ac potu tamdiu aliquis vivere ac fuperefie pof-
fet. Et cum peradis didis undecim diebus ipfe Johannes
conftantiffime tantam tolerafiet inediam, ac femper eundem
colorem, vigorem ac pulfum, quod dodiifimis Phyficis, qui
ad eunv vifendum faepiflime conveniebant, maxime mirum
videbatur, fervaffet, & jam dies, quibus fine cibo ac potu
homo x viveret ac fupereffet, effet praetergreffus, ipfum, nihil
tale poftulantem aut expedantem, cubiculo emifi, ac ei ab-
eundi facultatem feci, qui toto eo tempore, quo a me ardif-
firna ctiftodia obfervatus eft, /3 affiduas ad Deum Divofque,
prieterquam cum loqueretur aut dormiret, fundebat preces.
Cujus rei Deum ilium Opt. Max. cujus numen fallere non
eft, teftem facio, & fi mentior, non recufo, quin mihi per-
petuo iratus fit. Valete, optimi Ledores, & cum ex tarn
impudenti mendacio, fi mentirer, nullum emolumentum ad
me venturum fit, rem ipfam, prout eft, veriffimam certilE-
tnamque credite. Roma Kl. Septembris, mdxxxii.
Ita eft, Vianefius Albergatus
Bononienfis manu propria*
Thofe that feall undertake to obferve diftindly and exadly
the peculiar Local Words of different Countries (which Mr.
Brokesby touches upon in pag. 110.) will have a large
Field in which to exercife themfelves. Not only the different
Pronunciations, but the different Ways of writing the fame
Words are to be regarded. The Alteration of the Language
in every Age is to be inquired into, as are likewife the occa-
ftons of the Change, whether from Conqueft, Commerce, or
Affedation of Forreign Languages. We are to confider what
our prefent Language (in all it's Branches and Dialeds) hath
borrow' d from thofe of other Countries, and what it retains of
the ancient Britifh, Saxon, Norman, and other Tongues that
have occafionally been in ufe amongft us. This Inquiry will
need a very diligent infpedion into ancient MSS. The ufe of

' tt Vivere Cod. MS. Smithiauus. /3 Affeduam in Apogr.
Smithiam. hz tbe

XII THE PREFACE.
the various way of writing the fame Word may, in good mea-
fure, be learned, as to the Saxon, from Dr. Gib/on's excellent
Edition of the Saxon Chronicle ; which Book cannot, I think,
he too often read by Gentlemen' thatftudy our Englifh Hiftory.
There are divers Remarks in it not to be met with' elfewhere ;
and all is deliver'd with fuch an Air of Simplicity and Mo-
defty as plainly difcovers the natural Genius and Difpofitions
of our Anceftors. But a much greater Light may be receiv'd
from that admirable Work intitled Thefaurus Linguarum Se-
ptentrionalium, compiled by that truly Great Man the Reverend
Dr. Georoe Hickes. The Changes fence the Difufe of
the Saxon Tongue may be learned from a great Variety of
Englifh MSS. the Examination of which will be fe much, the
more pleafant, as they will often bring to light divers old Cu-
ftoms, and feveral Tenets imbracd and maintain' d by many
of our Predeceffors, which will be of no fmall fervice in fettling
fome Points of Hiftory. This Alteration and Change ^Lan
guage /* to be trac'd and carry 'd up as high as the Greeks and
Romans {to Jay nothing ofthe Phoenicians) both which People,
particularly the latter, as they brought into the Britifh Lan
guage many Words not known before, fo in like manner they
receiv'd fome Expreffions from the Britifh which before they
had not been accuftom'd to. Hence many Words in Julius Oae-
far are purely Britifh. And'tis to this, unlefs I am miftaken,
that we owe Victoria Cea on the Reverfe of a fcarce
Coyn of Caraufius that I have feen. Perhaps in the time of
Caraufius the Romans- in this Ifle pronounced Caefar as if it
had been written Ce as ar. And as the Romans might receive
this Alteration both in writing and pronunciation from their
mixing with the Britains, fa 'tis as probable that afterwards
ihe Saxons might alfo from their being accuftom'd to the Bri
tains write the Dipthong M as frequently EA as ae. The
Roman Language receiv'd the like Corruptions from other
People which mix'd amongft them, particularly after their
Difcipline began to decay, and they were not careful to keep up
their ancient Grandeur, and were lefs cautious of keeping out
Forreign Cuftoms. In the more early Times they were fo
critical about their Language that they would not admit of
falfe Orthography in their Monumental Stones ; at leaft Of-.
ficers were appointed for Security in thofe Cafes, and juitable
Punifhments were inflicted upon fuch as were negligent. But
upon Declenfion of the Empire this Method grew aut affa-
feion, and new Words and Phrafes were affected and readily
receiv'd. The Romans therefore being fe careful whilft the
Empire

THE PREFACE. XI£
Eibpire fieurijh'd, all their Monuments during that Period
ought to be obferv'd and confider'd with more than ordinary
Exadnefs. But ibis particular being not fo appoftte to our awn
Englifh Language, I feall not infift upon it any longer here
(nor had I at all mention'd it, only to Jhew what Alterations
even the moft pure Languages have been fubjefi to, and confee-
quenfly how neceffary the moft minute Circumftances are for
a juft Account of the Original or Progrefs or Decay of any
Tongue ; / fay, I feall not inlarge any longer upon this To-
pick at prefent) unlefs it be to infert an old Roman Infcription,
in which moft of the Words being accented will ferve as an
Argument to evince the Exadnefs of the Romans not only in
their Books but in Monuments erecled to Perfons of the moft
inferior Order.
M'ANTONIVS RVFlNVS
mIles EX'T VICTORIASIBI
ET'L'IVLIO APOLLINARI FRA"£ I
MILITI EX* UI* DIANA* vIxiT
ANNIS* XXXVIIT MIL* ANN'XIIX*
ET LIBERTIS* LIBERTABVS'POSTE
RISQVE EO RVM.
This Infcription was found at Bajae, and was lately com
municated to me by the Learned Mr. Francis Cherry
of Shottesbrooke, who receiv'd it in a Letter in ijooj
from Mr. Goetz o/Xeipfick. Befides the Accents {which may
be, compar'd with the Pifan Tables, that are accounted for by.
Cardinal Noris) we ought to take particular Notice in this
" Infcription of the Expreffions Ex V. Victoria and Ex
III. Diana, which fhew that the two Brethren, to whom
the Stone was erecled, were milites clafiiarii. In the Fleet
to which they belong'd there were feveral Ships of the fame
Names,

JOV THE PREFACE.
NdfldeS) which were diftiHgHiJb'd by Numbers. The Marlnfe
Officers were fo ftrid in this Affair, that they not onty *»-
ter' d the Shirts bt a particular Regifter, but alfo took care
that the Name of each Ship fhould be inferted on the PrdW,
Hence Julius Poil'uX X : To iln£ m ¦b?»^m xxpewXiot « 5r1»;ps hrrf&~
fym\, ȣ iQ&xXpss, fa* 6 Txiop# ting nh; i-m^eupsin. As for the
long I, which me fee in two or three Words, that is notfo very
material, tho' I am apt to think that it did not proceed from the
Pleafure of the Cutters or Ingravers (as Turrigius would in-
Jinuatep) but from fomething peculiar in the Pronunciation of
thefe Words.
When this Volume was almoft finijbed at tbe Prefs there was
communicated to me an Effay concerning the four Great Ro
man Ways. The Author is a Gentleman of excellent Learn
ing, and great Judgment in thefe Affairs. He hath ftudy'd
the Subjed -with aU pofftble Care and Diligence, and as this
Effay (which I have printed immediately after Mr. Brokes-
bY's Letter) is written with abundance of Modefty, and
without any Affedation, fo I do not queftion but 'twill be a
Handing Monument. of the Author'* Fame, and will meet with
a favourable Reception from all fuch as have a juft Value
for Learning and Antiquity.
The three Papers concerning Sacrilege, ihe Expences of the
Mayor of Norwich'* Feaft in 1 561. and the great Conflidaf
Oxford in the time vf King Edward the III. (which I have
likewife publife'd in this Volume) are remarkable in their kind.
I leave the proper ufe of each to the candid Reader, and 'tis
wife'd they may be of as much fatisfaclion to him in perufing, as
they were to the Publifher in tranfcribing.

Bodleian Library
Novemb. 19th. mdccxi.

et P. 58. Md.Amft. 1706. /S V. Franc. Maria Turrigii Notas
ad vetuftiffimam Urfe Togati, Ludi pils vitreae inventoris, In-
fcriptionem apud Gravii Thef. Ant. Rom. Tom. uit. p. 389.

A Fragment

KV

A; Fragment of Sir Henry Spelmajj's
Hifiory mid Fate of Sacrilege, communica
ted to me by niy Reverend and Learned
Friend, Mr. Francis Gippard, formerly Vi
car of FatejhaU in Northamptoii*jMrei and al"-1
ter wards Redor of Ruffe 'I rin Wilis.
N Efquire in. the County of Darby, by Nam©
Mf. G. fhaeker,, who had the Tythes of three
YU&geSi Reptm, Ingleby and Formarkv the two for
mer whereof are very large, and in the firft whereof;
his D/wellii>g,-Howfe ftands upon the Rains of the
diffoived Abbay, ajlowes to the Minifter about fame **££ -
12. Pounds per omm* for his Paynes with, and Care
oyer, fo Jarge a Congregation as Repton it felfe a£-
fqards, the other two Villages having Chappells of
Eafe. This Annual! Salarye was. no greater twelve
Years fince •, but whether it hath fince bin augment
ed, I know not. This Gentleman hath not at any
tyme either by any very great Howfe-Keeping, qrb?
any ©ther Pay*®en«* exiFaordinarye, either in, Behave
of himfelfe, or his Predeceffors, or Succefibures, had
any apparent Caufe of Decay in his Eftate, which
makes his Neighboures to wonder how or whence it
comes to pafs that at this tyme he is brought fo low.
In the County aforefayd is a Village called Cburch-
Graifly, where once was a Religious Howfe. To this
Parifh Church belong three more large Villages, viz.
Cafile-Graifly, Linton, and Swadling-Coate, and fome
other End fhips. The Tythes to all thefe are impro
priate. The Minifter who ferves Graifty -Church, whi
ther all the reft ( having no Chappells ) weekly re-
payre, ufed to have for his Stipend 8. Pound per an-
and I doubt it is but little increafed. The

Tythes were challenged by two Impropriators, one
1 & Mr.

XVI Mr. Ketling, and the other Mr. Wilmore. I am not for
the prefent fure whether the Tythes ofthe whole Parifh
were challenged by either, but of a great Part I am
certayne. Perhaps there might be a third Impro-
priatour that peaceably enjoyed fome Part of thefe
Tenthes. I can foone learne. Thefe two Antago-
nifts had had many Bickrings, and Quarrells, and
Frayes at feverall Harvefts in taking of Tythes,
which was fometyme done vi & armis. About fome
fourteen Yeares fince Mr. Catling encouraged his
Servants to fight ftifly for the Tythes. Mr. Wilmore
the old Man, and his eldeft Sonn Mr. John Wilmore,
both Gentlemen, did fo likewife, and fomewhat more.
For they promifed their Servants if any Blood was
fhed, or * Limbs loft in the Fray to beare them out
in it. The next Day they fell to it in Swadling-
Coate Feild, and one of Mr. Ratling's Men, by Name
Stopford, was flayne. Upon this both Mr. Wilmore
and his Sonn were committed to Darby Gaole, and
at the Affizes (though they expected Freedome, and
thereupon fent to their Wives a little before to make
Provifion) were both executed. The fame Yeare the
fore-mention'd Mr. Thacker was Sherif of Darby-Shir em
* Lines MS.

Out

XVII

Out ofD\ Smith's MSS. in my PofTeffion,
Vol. XVIII. p. i. Foi.
Anno Domini 1561.
William Mingay, Efq; Mayor of the Citty of
Norwich, his Expences for a Dinner, in the
which he feafted the Duke of Norfolk, and
the Lords, Knights, and Gentry.

lnprimis, Beefe, 8. Stone, at 14/. to the Stone o
2. Collets of Brawn — —
4. Geefe  ,
8. Pints of Butter 
A Fore-Quarter Veale — .
A Hind-Quarter Veale —
A Legg Mutton .  '
A Line Mutton and Shoulder Veale
A Breft and Coaft Mutton
6. Plovers  . 
4. Brace Partridges — —
4. Cupple Rabitts  ,
2. Guiny Piggs — > —
4. Cupple Henns 
2. Cupple Mallards 
34. Eggs — —
2. Bufhells Flower - — —
1 6. Loves White Bread —
18. Loves Wheaten Bread
3. LovesvMiflin Bread —
1. Barrill Double Beere 
1. Barrill Small Beere
1 . Quarter Wood

/.

s.

d.

0

5

04

0

1

04

0

1

04

0

1

06

0

0

10

0

1

00

0

0

°5

0

1

00

0

0

07

0

1

00

0

2

CO

0

1

08

0

1

00

0

2

00

0

1

00

0

0

06

0

1

06

0

0

04

0

0

°9

0

0

°3

0

2

06

0

1

00

0

2

02

0

0

02

Nutts, Mace, Cinamon and Granes
Vol. 6. c 4. /. Barbary

XVIII 4. 1 Barbary Sugar ¦ b 1 o5
Fruite and Almonds  o o 07
Sweete Water and Perfumes o o 04
16. Oranges  o o 02
2. Gallons White and Clarett Wine o 2 00
1. Quart Sack '  o o 09
1. Quart Malmefey  ¦ o o 05
1. Quart Baftard  o o 03
1. Quart Mufcatine  ' o o 06
Summe Totall 1 17 09

THE

THE
ITINERARY O F
J 0 HN L E L A N D
The A N T I Q^U A R Y,
Vol. VI.
gO* The Number of Folios anfwering the Original
is put in the Margin.

Colleges in Kent. a Fol.i.
WTngham 4. Miles and a halfe from Cantwarbyri
playne Eft in the hie way betwixt Cantwar
byri and Sandwiche.
Ther is a Provofte, vi. Prebendaries, be-
fydes othar Minifters of the Churche.
Pecham Archebysfhope made this College /3 lynge at that
tyme apon the Spirituall Mattars and Vifitations of his Pro
vince. For the Kynge had reteynid the Temporallyties of the
Bysfhoprike for a tyme. Pecham cumminge with his Bulks
from the Bifhope of Rome, of whom he recey.ved by gyfte
this Promotion to Cantewarbyri, enterid the Chapiter withe
the Monks, begininge his Communication to them with thes
Words : Non vos me elegiftis, fed ego vos elegi.
Pecham is buried by 
a The firft eleven Leaves I have fupply'd from Mr. Stowe'.s
Copy, they being torn out of the Original. {But fee our
Note page 2.) /3 L. lyvinge. c 2 Wengham.

2 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Wengham ftandith on a 
Doure River at ft 
Wye is a pratie Market Townelet, and ftandithe on Doure
ripa fuper. in orient. 7. Miles from Cantorbyri.
There is yerely a grete Fayre on Seint Grigori's Day at Wye.
Foi. 1. .Kempe a Doctor of bothe Lawes and alfo Divinite, then
Byfhope ol Ro chefter, afterward oi Chi chefter and London ;
thens tranflatyd to Torke, where he was Bysfhope a xxv.
Yeres ; thens tranflatyd to Cantewerbyri and made Cardinall,
firft Diacon, and then Bysfhope.
Bis primas, ter praful erat, bis cardine funflus.
He was a pore Husband-man's Sonne of Wye, whereupon
for to pray for the Sowles of them that fet hym to Schole,
and them that otharwyfe preferryd hym he made the Paroche
Churche of Wye a College in the xxmi. Yere of his Arch-
byfhopricke cf Yorke, where of the Governor is a Prebendary,
and the Refydwe be Minifters for Devine Service.
Affcheforde Churche was in a meane to be collegiatyd'by
the Reqweft of one Fogge, an Gentilman dwellinge there
about that was Countrowlar to Edward the Fowrthe. But
Edward dyed or Fog had finifhed this Enterpris. So that
nowe remaynethe to AJcheforde the only Name of a Prebend.
And this Place hathe Lands, Priefts and Chorfts. but reme-
vable. For they have no Comon-Seale.
Gourteney was Fownd ar of the College of Maydefione,
where the Mafter is a Prebendarie. The Refidwe be Mini-
ftars to fvnge Devyne Service. Courtney buildyd muche in
the Towne felfe of Maydefione, and alio at the Palace ther.
Foi. 3. N-B- Noble Men lying above the Degres in the Efte Ende of
» Kent J'". the Cathedrale Chyrch of Cantewarbyri.
King Henry the 4. and his Wife under a Piller on the
Northe Ifle. Edwarde the Blake Prince lyeth right agayne
hym under a Pillef by South. He died in the Bisfhops Pa-

« A manu Burtoni.

N. B. What Mr. Hearne in his Edition in a Note Pag. i. of this Vol. fays
he has fupplied from Stowe's Copy; and what in his Note Page 2. concerning
Thomas Chillenden &c, he tells us is wanting, we have fupplied from the Ori
ginal printed in the firft Part of his Eighth Volume, foi. 55.

lace

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
lace in Cantewarbyri, arid gave a greate "Chalice of Gold and
Cruettes of Gold, befide many other Jocales, unto Chriftes
Chirch. And fum fay that King Richard is . . . , . ery
'beneficial to the  and to the New Building
ofthe Body ofthe Cathedrale Chyrch  . .
• ••••¦*•¦¦
Bisfeops buried behynde the Waul of the High Altare be-
twixte it and the Degrees of the Eft Ende. .
Elphege on the Northe Side.

Dunftane on the Southe Side

ery
•yn

. os that ther
, . ed . . .

Bisjhoppes lying under the Southe Side of the Pillers on
ihe Southe Side of the High Altare.
Simon Suthebyry lyith in a Highe Tumbe of Coper and
gilte, He was behedid at London by Jak Straw. He buildid
the Waulle of the Toune with the Towres from the Weft
Gate to the North Gate.
Strateforde lyith yn a Hygh Tumbe and an Image of Stone.
Kempe lyith yn an High Tumbe of. Marble, but no Image
ehgroffid on it.
On ihe North fide of the High AUar.
Tho. Bourcher Cardinal that coronid King Edward the 4.
King Richard the 3. and Henry the vii.
Bisfhop Chicheley.
Bisjhoppes buried in the Chapel of S. Peter and Paule
in a Chapel on the South Ifle of the Quier.
Anfelme behynde the Altare.
Mepham in a right goodly Tumbe of blake Marble.

le

I bemficial. In

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
In the Croffe lfte ' of the South Side of the Quire".
Bisfhop Wincbelfey in a right goodly Tumbe of Marble at
the very But Ende yn the Waulle Side.
In the lower part on  ftraite
Ifle  ofthe Quire.
Walterus Chauncelare.
A 
Jn the Crofie Ifle Northwarde on the Quire lay in certein Shrines
the Bones of thes Bisfeops of Cantorbyry.

In the Croffe Ifle that ftandith bynethe the Degrees of the
Quire Southward ly buried yn S. Annes Chapelle,
Simon Langhtoun, for whom the Schifm begun betwixt
King John and the Bisfhop of Rome.
This Langton tranflatid Thomas Bekket, and made the ex-
ceding hygh, longe and broode Haulle in the Bisfhopes Pa
lace, and made, as I harde, the ftately Horologe in the
South croffid Ifle of the Chirche.
There liyith in this Chapel alfo a nother Bisfhop oi Cante
warbyri. There lyith alfo John Counte of So .... . arid a nother
of them with a Lady  of Claraunce.
This Chapel be likelihod in this Ifle was made new for the
Honor of Erie John of Somerfet.
In the South Wyndowes of the fame goodly Chapel be
written yn the GlafTe Wyndowes thefe 3. Name. John
Counte of Somerfet. The Lorde Percy. The Lord Mortaine;
and every one with the King Armes.
In the Crlffe Ifle betwixt the Body of ihe Chirch and
the Quire Northwarde ly buried,
PechamAnd Wareham;

1 on the SoutrA Alfo

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
k Alfo under flate Stones of M ....... Deane
afore Prior of ' La . .'. . . . And a nother Bisfhop.
There Jyith the olde Prior  was fo wel
letterid 
Thefe high Tumbes of Bisfeops be in tbe Body of the Chirche.
Simon lfelepe,
Whitelefeey borne at Wbitelefey in Huntendunefeire, firft
Archdiacon of Huntendune, then Bisfhop of Rochefter, and
laft of Cantewarbyri.
Arundel under a Piller on the North Side. King Henry
the 4. and he helpid to build up a good part of the Body of
the Chirch.
There lyeth x. more.
Bisfeopes buried in Cryptes.
Cutheberth.
Elphege after tranflatid up behind the High Altare.
Thomas Beket tranflatid thens.
Moreton made with Prior Goldeftone the great Lantern Tour
in the middle of the Chirch.
A certeine  Bisfhopes of Cantewarbyri
 buried in the Abbay of . .
Prior Goldeftone the firft 3. Priors afore the fecunde
a, This and the following Line may be read thus : Alfo
under flate Stones of Marble, Deane afore Prior of Lanthony
'He. for fo Archbp. Deane was ; who actually lies buried
in the Martyrdom, here call'd by Leland, the Croffe Ifle be
twixt the Body of the Chirch and the Quire Northwarde.
'Tis well known alfo, that in the Martyrdom lies the olde
Prior fo well letterid; (if he be, as is likely, the Perfon
mention'd in the 3d. Paragraph of Foi. 5 ;) as do likewife
the BpsT Peckham ancTWarham ; and a nother Bisjhop ; for
there too Stafford was buried, and that under a flat Marble
Stone, as was Deane. Vid. N. Battely's Cant. fac. p. 33, 34,
25-

1 Lant, buildid

6 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
buildid the Stone Tour yn the Wefte
The Belles that be in the Ende of the Chyrch.
Pyramis ledid at the Wefte Goldeftone the fecunde began the
Ende ofthe Chirch have Belles goodly South Gate into the Minftre,and
caullid Arundelles Ringe. Goldewelle the x laft Prior at the Sup-
preffion pefformid it.
Prior Thomas Chillendene, alias Chiftef-
There was a mighty great dene, was the greateft Builder of a Prior
Ringe caullid Conradus Ring that ever was in Chriftes Chirche. He
that after was broken & made was a great Setter forth of the new
into a fmauller Ring, and fo building of the Body z of the Chirch.
hanggid up by likelihod in He buildid of new the goodly Ooiftre,
the low Clofche in the Chirch the Chapitre Houfe, the new Conduit
Yarde now a late clene pull- of Water, the Priors Chaumbre, the
id doun. Priors Chapelle,. the great Dormitorie,
and the Frater, the Bake Houfe, the
Brew Houfe, the Efcheker, the faire Ynne yn the High
Streate of Cantorbyri. And alfo made the Waulles of mofte of
al «¦ the Circuite, befide the Toune Waulle of the Enclofure"
of the Abbaye.
This Chillendene Was a Doftor of bothe the Lawes or he was
made a Monke : And Bisfhop Wareham faide that he wrote
certen Commentaries concerning the3 Law, and thatclerkely.
a
Foi. 4. Sibertefwelde, now communely caullid Seperwelle, is a Vil-
0 Kent J.' jage aD0Uf a 4. Miles from Dovar in the Wood Side on the
lifte hand goyng to Dovar from Cantewarbyri.
In the Paroche of Barehamdoune a litle from the Wood
Syde, and about a 6. from Dovar, appereth a dikid Campe
of Men of Warre. Sum fay that it was Cafar's 4Camp : fum
thinke that it was a Campe of the Danes. It hath 3. Diches.
The Chirch of Dale corruptely caullid Dele was a Pre-
bende longging of auncient tyme to S. Martines College
in Dovor.
Theobalde Archebisfhop of Cantewarbyri in Henry the firft
Dayes was the greate caufer of tranflating the Colledge of
y S.Martine in Dovor £  there newly buildid 1 . . .
et Sic legitur & diftinguitur in MS. p A manu Burtoni.
y Se MS. } in a St. t the St.

1 lafle, 2 of Chirch. 3 Laws. 4 Cam.

LELAND'S ITINERARY. *j
. . . ; . blake Monkes fetcbid & . . ... byri . . ;
There is good Plentie of Woodde in Wefte Rente. The
Partes of Kente beyounde 'Cantewarbyri hath the Name of
Efte Kent, wher yn diverfe is fufficient Woodde. But on the
Cofte from' Reculver to aboute Folkeftane- is but litle.
Thonge Village is litle more then half a Mile from Siding-
burn. The Diches and the Kepe Hille of Thonge Caftel ap
pere in a litle Wood a 2. ' flites fhotte by South from Thong
Chirche. Thong is a Mile from the Mouth of Milton Creke, and F°l. S«
aboute half a Mile from Milton Toune' if Paffage were
thorough the Marfehes the nexte way.
Mikoun the Market is aboute halfe a Mile from Siding-
lurne, the which, as Mafter Talbote thinkith /3, is fo caullid by
reafon of many Springges that in. the Chalke .Hilles about it
dooth feeth and boyie oute. The greatefte Streame of
Springges is in the Chalke Hilles on the Weft y . . . .
..... Sidingburne.
Wyltyam-Tille, alias Celling by his Monkes Name, by caufe ST/'&j^aliaj
he was borne at Celling Village about a 2. Miles from Paper- s'
Jham. This Tylle was the beft of al the Priors yn good Let
ters that was a late yn Chrifte Chirche yn * Catewarbiry. This
Man was familiar in Bonony with Politiane, and was the Set
ter forth of Linacre to Politiane.
The very Lordefhip and Manor Place, that berith yet the
Name of Badelefmere, ys a 3. Miles from Ofpring into the
lande warde by Southe. It is now in the Kinges Handes.
The commune burial of the t Sellingers hath bene oheiftely
at Ulcombe. Antony Aucher fayth that he cometh of an oulde
Earle of Kent, and indeed there was afore the Conqueft an
Erie of Kent caullid Alcher.
Otterdene. Antony Agers Forefathers cam to Otterdene by
a Divifion of Landes ofthe Seinclligers emong certein Dough
ters, of whom Ager maried one.
There ly buried at Leedes Priory 3. Crevicure, Robert, Ro

ot, from Cantwar St. /3 Vide Annott. ejus in Antonini Itin.
a nobis editas ad calcem tertii Vol. Lelandi Itin. p. 173. y End
of St. Is A manu Burt. 1 Sic.

I CantevvarLiry.
Vol. 6. B ttrti

3 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
bert, and Thomas,, that be likelihod had the Landes, here in
Defcent. _. ¦ ' • „.
Foi. 6. The Name of Finiox thus cam « ynto Kent about King
Edwarde the 2. Dayes. One Creaulle, a Man of faire Pof-
feffions yn Kent, was a Prifoner in Boleyne in Fraunce, and
much defiring to be at Liberte made his Keper to be his.
Frend, promifing hym Landes yn Kent if he wold help to
deliver hym. Wherapon they booth toke fecrete Paffage and
cam to Kent, and Creal performid his Promife : fo that af
ter his Keper or Porter apon the caufe was namid Finiox.
This Name continuid in a certain Stay of Landes ontylle Fi
niox chief Juge of the Kinge's Bench cam that firft had but
40. //. Land. For he had 2. Bretherne, and echeof them
had a Portion of Land, and after encrefid it onto 200. Poundes
by the Yeare  0 inefeld and therabout a 3.
v  Folkefton in the waye I . . . .
 Canterbury and it e  ' . .
... of the Landes £ of the  Finiox had of Creal s
 be 2. praty Manor P 9- . ... . .of
Tymbre. The Juge built , . . . . fairer Houfe » . .
. . Heron on a .... ¦ _
One of the younger Brothers of Finiox the Juge died, and
made the other younger Brother his Heire So that now be
too Houfes of-the Finiox : the Heyre of Finiox the Juge, and
the Heire of Juftice Finiox Brother. ;
Foi. 7. Olde Finiox buildid his faire Houfe on purchafid Ground,
for the Commodite of preferving his Helth. So that afore
the * Phificians concludid that it was an exceding helthfulle
Quarter.

« So in the Orig. But in Mr. * Burton'* Tranfcript 'tis
thus diftinguife'd : Ynto Kent. About King Edward the 2.
Dayes one Creaulle, a Man &c. /3 Sw St. y Myles from
St. £ betwixt St. t was a Pece St. £ that St. « and
ther St. 9- laces St, < a St. » by St. a purchafyd
Grownd St. -
* For Burton'* read Stowe'*. See the firft Words in the
Pref. to this Vol. as alfo the firft Note in Foi. 1, of this
Vol.

Phififians, Creal

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 9
Creal was Man of * a Very Land in Kent ontylle it felle
to be * devydid. his
Sum fay that Folcheftane Parke was it, and /8 then it cam
to Clyntons. Caftinghaungre was Creals Lordefhip, of fum
now corf uptely caullid Weftenanger. Poyninges a late held it.
The King hath it now.
Certen of the CreaUes were honorably biried at S. Radegund.
Creaulles were greate Benefactors to Houfes of Religion
in Eft Kent, as appereth by their Armes in many Glafe-
Windois. Owte of a Table in ihe Chapel at the Eft End of the Bridge
entering the Toune of Rofeceftre from London.
Syr Robert Knolles Founder of the Trinite Chapelle at Ro-
chefter Bridge. Conftance Wife to Knolles.
Syr John Cobham (y Lorde) principale benefadfor to the
making of Rofecefter Bridge.
Margaret Wife to this Cobham.
Thomas Boucher Cardinal.
John Moreton Archebisfhop. Foi. 8.
Henry Chicheley Archebisfhop.
Thomas Langeley Bisfhop of Dirham*
?ohn Langedon Bisfhop of Rofecefter.
homas Arundale Archebisfhop.
Syr John Cornewale.
Lord Fanhap.
Richard Whitington.
William Crowmer.
Geffrey Boleyne Maire of London.
John Darby Draper, Alderman of London.
William Medelton Mercer of London.
3 William Martine Juftice.
Syr William Notingham chiefe Baron of the Eskeker.
« So in the Orig. but we ought to read a very fayre Land
as in St. fi 'Twas written thens cam by Mr. Leland ; but
Mr. Burton corrected it then it cam. y This word is written
over the Line, i Mr. Stowe hath drawn a Line under William,
and writ in the Margin over againft it, John, Jayth M.
Lovelace.

I dcvidyd. B 2 William

sd LELAND'S ITINERARY!
William JVangeford.
Lord John Bukingham Bisfhop of Lincoln.
John Kempe Bisfhop of London.
Syr * William Rich.
Syr John at Pool.
Aibjsford a.4. Miles be Lande from Rocbefter'^ and there is
a faire Bridg of Ston over the Streme.
Then be Land a 3. Miles to Maidefton, and there is over
the Water a goodly Bridge of Stone. It ebbith and floueth
to Mdideftoun. . . ,.
Foi. 9: Great Farley is a 2. Miles above Maideftoun by Land, and
ther is a goodly Bridge of Stone.
At Farley is the greate Quarre of hard Stone : and 'm the
Quarters betwixt it and Maidefton.
There cummith a Water into the great Streame about a
2. x Miles beyound Farley caullid Lowfe. It is no very greate
Brooke. Loufe Village ftandeth a Myle w . . . . e into
the Land above the Confluence of it with Medewege Ryver.
Tounebridge is a 16. Mile? from Rofecefter by Lande.
Teflon Brujg of Stone a  of.
Twiford Bridge of Stone a Mile dim. of. And at this Stone
Bridg /3 flonding on the mayne Streame of Medewege, and' at
a Mylle a litle above it, be Confluence of 3. Streames, as one
cumming yn ripa citeriori, a nother ulteri. and Medewege
running in the midle.
A Quarter ofa Mile or more above Twiford Bridge of Stone
ys Tailing a praty Tounelet, and ther is a Bridge.
Thens upward to Brambridge of Stone.
From Brammebridge of Stone ther is no very notable Bridg
on to Tounbridge.
The Caftelle ol Rocbefter ftondith at the Bridge Ende en
tering the Toune.
Foi. jo. GoingoMteoi Rocbefter to Cantewarbyri remainith the moft
z part of a mervelus ftrong Gate. Gates no mo appere there
that be communely ufid.
In the Waulles yet remaine a vi. or vii. Toures.
There be in the Toune . . . Paroch Chirches. The Ca
thedral Chirch and the Palace with other Buildings there oc

as Mils St. p, ftondithe St.

j Wylfiam. 2 fane. CU-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. ii
cupiith half the Space of the Cumpace within the Walles of
Rofeceftre. Erom Fevarfeam to Cantwarbyry 7. Miles.
From Whiteftaple to Cantor bery 3. Miles.
From Heron to Cantwarbyry 4. Miles.,
From Asjheford to Cdniewerbyry 11. Myles.
From Wy to Cantewaxbyry 7. Miles.
From Chilham to Cantewerbyry 4. Miles.
From Cantewerbyre to Forde a 5. Miles.
From thens to Raculfe a Mile.
From Cantewerbyry to Sandwiche 7. Miles as they fay
comonly ; but it is 8. Miles.
From Cantwarbyry to Dover 12. Miles: Fo1- "•
From Cantewarbyre to Folkeftane a 10. Mileg.
From Cantwarbyre to Hithe 12. Myles.
From Cantwarbyre to Lynbilxi. Miles.
From Cantwarbyre to Apledour xvi. Mile£.
From Cantwarbyry to Canbroke xx. Miles : that is xi.
Miles to Asfefard, and ix. Miles to Cranbroke.
From Sandewiche to Dover aboute a 7. Mi'?s»
From Itozw to Folcheftane v. Miles.
From Folcheftan to i/jtfiw 4- litle Myles.
From Hithe to -Ha/<sfe Hithe, alias ^g/? .Jfota, about. 2.
Myles. Maftar Twyne faythe that this was the Towne that
was burnid alonge on the Shore, where the Ruines ,of the
Churche yet remayne.
The Caftle felfe of Lymebilk is of fome cauliyd Belleanow. CaftJe of
The Caftle of Thorne, now all clene ruine, apon a Toppe ^fjf^f31
of a Hille a Myle by Efte from Maydftorie, It longethe nowCa(4Tm
to yong Cutte. Godardi.
Arlington, fometyme the Graies Caftle, as in Henry the 3.
and Edward the third's Dayes j fence the Savels and Wiats*
Harte hathe the Plotte and Site of a Caftle toward Crayel""^^
txr ^ .Harte.
Water. p.avfef.
The eldeft Manor Place of the Paulettes in Somerfetfeire Foi. it.
is now clene doune. Eut yet it berith the Name of Pattlette,
and is a 3. Miles- from Bridge water.
Ther was one  Denbaude in Somerfetfeire a Knigbjt
of good Eftimation about Henry the v. tyme, and this Den
baude gave this Title in many of his Writinges : Dominus de
Pofcuith in Guallia.
One of the Paulettesmaried the Heire General of this
Denbaude, and fo was the Paulettes Landes weile augmented
in Somerfetfeire. And Mr. Paulettes Father that is now
buildid

12 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
buildid ftoutely at Henton in Somerfetfeire * the which [long
ed] in tyme pafte to the Denba[udes<]
SanferJCi- Sanford Peverel in Devenfeire cam to a Baftard of the,P«-
ftelle. verels by Sute to the King of Alienation, and the Baftarde
after kicking Iflue the Landes cam to the King by Ordre of
the Law.
Paulet that is now [bought] * Sandforde Lordfhipe of the
Kynge. Paullet hath a nother Lordfhip hard joyning to Sandford
caullid Hawberton, and is welle wooddid, but [* Sbel]ford
hath litle.
Mr. Paulet of Bafiing, now Lorde S. Jo'hn, cummith oute
of the Houfe of Paulettes of Somerfetfeire: But this Paulettes
Father was in Defcent fo many Degrees in Ccnfanguinite
from Paulet of Somerfetfeire, that he maried bis Sifter ; and
Paulet of Bafing maried likewife his. Paulet of Bafing had
Iffue by this Woman. But Paulet of Somerfetfeire had none
by his ; but after marying a nother Wife he had.
I think that Bafing Caftel was the Lorde 3 S. John's, and
fo 4 defcended to Paulet.
Btfibut Paulet of Somerfetfeire Landes cummith thus togither by
Okesy'n h;sHeyres generalles. By Boys cam Hawberton Lordfhip. Then
Armes. did Arundel and Paulet devide a Peace of Landes of the
Cantelupes. Then cam a Peace of Land by Rayne, and a
nother be Beuchamp of the Weft Countery, and after cam
Henton Denbaudes Lande.
Strangweyt. Syr Giles Strangwais Grandfather cam oute of the Houfe
Foi. 13. 0f Strangways of Torkfeire, and fervid the Grandfather to the
Lorde Marquis of Dorfet that is now, and at that time lay
at a Place of hys in  feire caullid  .
Hooie-Parke was of the d[ivifion]of
Humfrede with the Silver this Lande,and cam to the Lorde Brooke.
Hand had alfo a Doughter with the Silver Hand
caullid Alice by his Wife Ma- a s Humfrede of Hoke that maried the
« Humfrede of Hoke &c] Stafforde is written over the line
in the Orig. by Mr. Leland's own Hand. It muft therefore
be read thus : Humfrede Stafforde of "Hoke with the Silver Hand
that maried the Doughter &c.

1 Sandeforde. 1 f Shel]ford hath litle [Wood] St. 3 S. John. 4 def-
Uhi'ii. 5 Humfrede Stafford of.
Dough-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 13
Doughter and Heire of Matraverfe a trovers Heire. This Alice was
Knight had 3. or 4. Sunnes, wherof maried firft to Cheyni a Knight,
one was comes Devoni* a litle time, and had to Doughters, Anne
and died al without Iffue. and Elijabeth, by hym. Anne
The Caftel of Woddesfard in Dorfet- was maried to Colefeil, and had
feire, ftanding a 3. or 4. Miles lower no Iffue. * Elifabeth was ma-
then Darceftre apon the Ryver of ried to Willaughby >'« Lorde
Frame, was fumtyme longging to Guido Brake  had Iffue
Briente, and after to Stafford, and now Alice  /3 * was ....
to Stranguaife in Partition. 
Torre Brient in Devonfeire was the Eleanor a Doughter by hyni
Erie of Northumbr elandes, and boute whom Stranguais 
of hym by Mr. Kitefun.  maried, and fo cam
Colefeil Landes be defcendid to a Humfre Staffer des Landes to
Gentleman of Devonfeire. Willaughby and Stranguais.
u u
Mr. Stranguaife told me that the Gurnays were Lordes Gurmy.
Ofthe Caftel of Stoke by yond Mo'ntegu, and of Hamden hard #°^£atteI"
by where the goodly Quarre of Stone is. The Duke ofQuarreof
SoUtbfolkes is in Poffefiion by Gifte of Northton Lordfhip, Fre-ftone.
wherof Hamden is Parte.
I faw dyverfe faire Tumbes of Noble Men in the Chirch
hard by Stoke Caftelle. Whereapon I now conjeft of very
a
likelihod that there be buried the Gurneys. , Mr. Strangways
now a late began to builde richely at his commune dwelling
Houfe in Milbyri Parke, and cauffid thre Thouffand Lode of
Fre-Stone to be ferchld from Hamden Quarre 3 nine myles
of thither. Milbyri Cam to Stranguais by Purchafe.
In the Ponde in Milbyri Parke rifith an Hedde of IveH^ Ryver.
[River.] Shirburn
' The Hedde of Shirburn Water [rifeth in Blakmore.'] Ryver.
From Water rifith in a Valley a 3. or 4. Miles above From- Foi. 14.
ton. There cummith alfo a Streame to it out of the Pond in
Hoke Parke.
Hemiok Caftel a 3. Miles from Dunkefwelle. , This Caftel Devon fh. a
is doune faving a 2. or 3. Towers. It longid to the Bruers. ma!m BuT'

tc I cannot fupply thefe broken Paffages from Stowe, behaving
omitted a great many things here. /3 L. was ma 
Eleanor. &c.
a Elifabet, 2«i!m .... bys. Eleanor. 3 nyne Myles.
Much

14 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Mucfr of the * Lorde Sauchis LandJes was gyven by Henry
the vii. to thefe Gentlhnen : to Wiloughby Lord Brooke-, to
Bawbeney; to Ldvtle.- To Salvtige was alfo gyveri a 300.
Markes by the yere.
MoTtntpenjim of Wilefeire maried one of.the Lord Zoucm's
Doughters that is flow.
Tmfyun Farrfex of Yarkjhfre hathe the Landes of the Elder houfe
the'Eklar* "of the Twaytts oi Torkfeire.
%biu0<vs Yorrg- Graffehatn of London maried the Doughter and Heire
the Yoogg-.^ the Yorrger Houfe of the Thwaites oiYorkfeire.
'• As far as I can' lerne the Nobileft Houfe of the Lucie*
were they 6f Cokefmouth yn Cumbrelande. And thefe Lucys
Were alfo Lordes of Wrejehil Caftel about the Mouth of D-ar-
tuentWyveryn Torkfeire.
Lucy of Rente that foundid Lefnes Abbay in Kent, and
dwellid there, gyvyng much of his Landes to it, and was
rfaere baryd'; and alfo Catarine Lucy by likelihod his Wife j
cam oute of the Houfe of Lucys of Cokermouth.
Lucy of Warwi'kefeire, that dwellith at Charcote by Avon,
bytwixt ¦Warivik and Stratford apon Avon, cam alfo owte of
the Houfe of. Cokermouth.
Syr Edmunde Lucy that lately lyvid and dwellyd at . . . _. .
yn Bedfsrdfeire cam oute of the Houfe of Lucy of Charcote.
There hath .bene other Lucys, Men of meane Landes, that
rKtth'defcendid oute of the aforefaide Houfis of Lucys.
Foi. if. * Mr. Birkenheved told me that Redcaftel was the very En-
Tuchet. herrtarfce df'theTwichetes, and that there is yet a Gentil
man bf that name yn thofe Quarters that dwellith at Whitley
Haulle in Cheftre within a Quarter of a Mile of Dutton. So
that T think that the Lorde Audeley is one of the Lordes of
the Ljbertes. of Nantwiche by the Name of Tsoicbet by the
enheritance of Twichet and not of Audeley.
Byrkenbed gave 3. Bromes. There is a Place in the Towne of
Peraventure that, the iirft -of Wigan in Lancaftrejhire caullid Ihorteley
them made a Gentilman was Briket Haule for Birkenhed Haule. The
fum Grome of a Chambre. Landes of Briienbeved iscum a late to
TUlefly by Mariage of an Heir Generate.
Sum fay that this Houfe yn Wigan was the holdeft Houfe
oTTJientiimen of that Name.:
Sum fay that they cam of an auncienter Houfe owte ofthe

I Lorde Zouchis Quar-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. I5
Quarters .. of .Kendale. For. there ; yet be many of the Bri-
kettes, but mene.
Pollard the Juge, Father to Pollard the Knigbt of Devon- r :.:.,->,
jhire,. cam: as a Younger Brother out of the Hbufe-of Pol-
Z ,of • 1 • •'- •  irt devonfeire, and had but a xx.
^i? ?j °l^Dr h^ the Yere • blit he cam to -wo- Markes.
I he eldeft Houfe yet hath a too. //.Landes.
The Houfe of Gower the Poete, fumtyme chief Juge of ftw,
the CommunerPlace, yet remaynith at p .
Stiienbam.yn.Yorkfeir, and diverfe of Jtttenham within a Mile of
them fyns have beene Knightes. There S™?"wa!>d Toun in the Foreft
be other ofthe Gowers there aboute, of ' Caltres-
Men of veri meane Landes. There be alfo of the Gowers
Men of meane Landes in Richemontfeire.
There is alfo a Gentilman of Landes cawllid Gower in
Wicefirefeirei .
Hereman of Rendelefeam, a Man of meane Landes, now Heremanj
hath fmaul Portions of Landes thus defcending to his Aun-
ceters by Heires General from Payne : from Blakefeaul :
from Naunton : from Rafe of Pevemarfeh in EJfex.
Naunton Haule in Rendelefeam -wher he dwellith was
Naunton. '¦-.-,
Al the Roufis. that be in Southfolk cum, as I can lerne, oute Roufe,
of the Houfe of Roufe of Dinhihgton. Diverfe -of the Roufes
of this Eldeft Houfe ly in Dinington Paroche Chirche buried
under flat.. S tones. . Antony Roufe, now the Heire of Dining
ton Haule, hath much enlargid his' Poffeffions.
Rainesford'oiTew in Oxfordfeire, a 3. Miles from Cheping- F& '6.
Northton, cam owt of the Houfe of Raynesfordes of Lan- Raynes-
cqftre. Old Rainesforde of Tew now alive is the fourth in fotdc'
Defcent of thefe Raines for des. The firft of them maried one
of the 3.' Doughters of Wivelcote, alias Wilcote, a Knight
that was Owner of the Lordfhip of Tew, and dwellid in the
Maner Place .there, and is buried in a faire Tumbe of Marble
in Tew Chirche ; and yn the fame Chirch ly buried the 3.
Aunceters of. Old. Rainesford 'novi alive.
. Old .Rainesford that now livith hath a 60. Pound Land
ther by Yere. But his Sunne hath purchacid a 50. Ii. more
to it even there, and now is Patrone of the Chirch, wher
afore it longid to Godeftow.

One Afchefelde maried a nother of this IVivekotes Heires : Afchefelde,
And one of the Defcent of thefe Afthefeldes yet remainith in
Vol. 6. C Ox-

16 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Oxfardejhire, and is a man of a 100. Markes of Landes by
yere. Raynesfbrd of Eftax Knight.
My Lorde Powis fayith that Hawife, Wife to Chorleton
Lorde of Powys, was the Caufer that the Gray. Freres Col
lege in Shrobbesbyri, wher fhe lyith buried under a flate Mar
ble by Chorleftons Tumbe, was buildid. And that flie caufid
Chorleton to be buildid.
My Lorde of Powis told me alfo that one of the Chorletons
was a man of a very great Poffeffions, and that the Landes
of hym cam not to one, but Were difparkelid by Heyres Ge-
nerales, and that he defcending of the Grays of the North
Tipetote. na<l Dut a Part or" Chorletons Landes of Powis: and that a
Dudeley. Peace by his faying cam to Tipetote and Dudeley.
The Lorde Powis Grauntfather that is now being in a Con-
traverfy for afawte made apon hym goyng to London by the
Lorde Dudeley and by Dudeley Caftelle condefcendid by En
treaty that his Sun and Heire fhould mary the olde Lorde
of Dudeleis Doughter, [Mother to the Lord] Powis that
is now.
Foi. 17. Towten Feld, where King Edwarde the 4. Father was
flayn, is a 3. Miles from Shirburn yn York/hire, and thereby.
rennith Cakbek, and goith into Warfe Ryver a this fide Tad-
caftre. Yn Towten feld felf was a great multitude of Mei)
flayne and ther buried.
Hundtfgate. Mr. Hungate Grauntfather of the Courte gatherid a great
TT , /-.i , c u c li Number ofthe Bones, and cauffid them
Humate Clerk of the stable , , • ,• n r>v.- u-v a
, V. f , . to be buried in Saxton Chirch Yarde.
to the Quene is one of tins Tfae Lofde Dgcm fl Wffi
#«^toYounger Sunnes that Fdd h buried in &^ ^^ Yar(,
now dwellith at Saxton. ,, ., t- u
and hath a meane Tumbe.
The- Erie of Weftmerland killid in the fame Feld is bu
ried withyn Saxton Chirch.
Saxton Toune and Lordfhip longgid to Mr 
and there is his Dwelling Place.
Saxton is a Mile and a half from Shirburne in Yorkfeir.
There is a Chapel or Heremitage apon Towten Feld in
Token of Praier and Memory of Men flayne there.
De alta M Uawterey told me That there were 3. Women, or Sifters,
"fa" that had Divifion of the Landes of the Honor of Peteworth :

n Several Things are here wanting in Stowe. and

LELAND'S ITINERARY. i7
and that they were thus maried, to Per
cy, Dawterey and Aske. So that here- Percy.
apon I gather that al thefe 3>Cam owte Aske of the North.
of ™ No"h Cuntre. Aske the Traitor was a
The firft Partition hath not conti- Yongger Brother of this
nuid in al the aforefaide 3.Namesholy: Houfe.
but hath bene difperkelid.
Yet fum likelihodis^hatfeing that fo Percy, Dawtery and Aske
much remainid a late yn Percy Hand gyve the Mylle Pykes, but
that Dawterey and Aske had never like with Difference yn the Felde.
Partes; and to have bene but as * Bene-
ficiarii to Percy Dikes, whos Landes now be devolvid to
Mr. Goring, and other Gentilmen thereabout * where Bene-
ficiarii to the Honor of Peteworth.
Dawtery the Knight that dwellid in Hampton Toune was
Brother to olde Mr. Dawtery now living £ of Petworth Fa
ther. And this Dawtery of Hampton Landes cam al by
Purchafe. Lightfter the Chefe Baron of the Efcheker maried this
Dawterfs Wife, but he had a nother * Wife afore.
Goringe's Father that now duellith at  buildid Foi. ig.
that Houfe. For he afore and his Praedeceffors dwellid at
Baienet a Mile or more of by Petworth Ryver fide. And
there yet appere the Ruines of Dikes Houfe that after de-
fcendid to the Goringes.
One Rivers was Owner of Rivers Parke in the Quarters
by Petworth : but the Maner Place was fumwhat withoute
the Parke, as yet apperith, in the Paroche of 
and yet the Plot of y the berith 3 the name of Rivers Chirch.
One. of the Rivers is buried yn that Paroch.
Arund  > 
Bolney a Gentilman.
Arundel is a ^vn. from Petworth, and Chiceftre a x.
The Elder Houfe of the Tames is at Stowel by Northleche Tame.
in Glouc. feire.
Mr. Borne of Oxfardfeire dwelling by Langeley hath maried Hunt. ¦

x Sic. p Sic. y Sic. % Adde Miles cum St.

i beneficiaiii to Percy. Dikes, whos. 2 Wif afore, 3 the.name of Rivers.
One of the Rivers is buried yn that Paroch Chirch.
C 2 thia

18 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
this Tame Doughter and Heir, and * fhaul have by her a 80.//,
Lande by the Yere.
Syr Edmunde Tame of Fairford up by Crekelade cam oute
of the Houfe of Tame of Stow el. Tame that is now at Fair-
ford hath be maried a xii. Yere, and bath no Childe. Where
fore be likelihod Syr Humfre Stafford, Sun to old Stafdrd of
Northamptonjhire, is like to have the Landes of Tame of
Fairforde. For he maried his Sifter. And fo the name of
the Tames is like fore to decay.
of Old Stafford of Northamptonfeir, Father to Syr Humfrey
Stafford, was Sunne to Stafford that bare fuch a Route in
Worcefter feire in King Edward the 4. and Richard the 3.
Dayes ; and at lafte for Fere of Henry the vii. fledeto Cowle,
a certen obfcuie San£tuarie betwixt Oxford and Abingdon.
, This Staff or des Landes « wher attaintid, and partely given
away ; but at the lafte his Heires found fum Grace.
/3 The Eldeft Houfe of the Palmers of Warwikfeire is at
 and the Landes of it at this tyme is aboute
a Hunderitb Pound by the yere. The Heire of this at this
tyme dwellith in Herefordfeire by reafon of a Wife that he
maried. Palmer of Calays, one of the officers there, is Brother to
the aforefaid Palmer : and there is a nother Brother of them,
a very riche Man, that dwellith at Keniifchtoun with out
London. Palmer of Lemingion in the very Egge of Glocetre a 3.
Miles from Rolleriche Stones cummith oute of the aforefaid
Houfe of the Palmers of Warwikfeire.
He began firft with a very fmaul Portion of Lande : and
being a Galant Felow, and clothid yn migtie Colowrs, got
a riche Widow in Lemingtpn Ton to Wife, a 80. yeres or
more hens : and fins there hath plantid themfelves, and
buildid a faire Houfe, and bought faire Landes to it. He
that now hath it maried one of the Gravilles Dowghters of
Milcot.
Gravillc. The veri auncient Houfe of the Gravilles is at Draiton by
Banbyri in Oxfardfeire,
But there is an nother Manor Place of the chief Stok of

Stafford
Northam
ptonjhire.

Foi. 19,
Palmer of
TVartu'ike-
fhire.

Palmer of
Gloceftre*
fh'ire.

Sic. /3 Mr. Stowe hath left out divers things here.

I ihaL

the

LELAND'S ITINERARY. ig
the Gravities _ caullid. Milcot yn Warwikfeire, wher a late, as at
a newer, fairer and more commodious Houfe, thei « a late"
ufid to ly at.
Ther was one Thomas Gravile a Knight, that about Ed
ward the 4. Tyme maried an Heire ofthe Coukefeys, at whofe
/3 Defierd he toke apon hym the Name of Cowkefey. But
this great Land of Cowkefey s for lak of Iffue taried not in,
1 Graviles Name. I hard fay that my Lord of Norfolk hath
a Peace of it. This Thomas was a Ruffelar, and killid a Baftard
Sunne by force of Stafford of Wkeftrefeir, for all the Brag
that Stafford bare in. Wkeftrefeir e.
There was a late a Knight of this Houfe of the Graviles
thaf firft was a Marchaunt in Spaine, and that maried a riche , Foi. 20.
"Wife in London : and bycaufe he could fpeke good 2 Spanifch
he was taken into the Courte at the Cumming yn of Ladi
Catarine to mary Prince Arture ; and after was Officer of
my Lady Marys Houiehold yn the Marches of Wales when
ihe was caullid Princes. He had fum Lande, and that cam to
a Doughter, and now is fold, as I harde fay.
He that is now the chief 3 Heire of the Gravilles hath a Bro- Fulco Gra-
ther caullid Fulco Graville. He maried one ofthe Doughters ¦*"*•
and Heires of the 4 Lorde Brookes Sun, but not be that Wife
that he got the Doughters maried to the Lorde Montjoy and Framys
Mr. Paulett: and Young Syr Francifce Dautery maried theDa'u"er'y-
other, but his Wife a late died with-
oute Iffue, and [fo] is al that faire Land y The Lord Broke had 3.
eum holy to Fulco Graville. Wives, and 2. of the firft of
Fulco hath a Brother that dwellid them, as I hard, were Heyres.
with my Lady Mary yn the Marchis This Lorde Broke had a Sun
of Wales. an Heire by one of his firft
^Arden dwelling at ... .1., Wives; and this Sunne had
by Alceftre in Wiceflrejhire is of J "'"' two Doughters inheriters 5 of
a very auncient Stok, and, as fum fay, their Father. Thefe Dough-
derivith his Linage from Syr Gerarde of

« Redundant. /3 L. Defier. y This broken Paffage in the
Margin, and feme other things in this Place are wanting in
Stowe. t Sic cum lacuna in Autogr. Arden thatdwellythe
by Alcefter in Wircefterfeire is of &c. St.

1 Gravilles, z Spainifch. 3 Heir. . 1 4 Lord. 5 to their 6 ma
ried to Fulco GraVile . . , ' . . rey.
Ar-

rum

20 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Gravil  Arden that was yn Guy of Warwikgs
part of the Brookes Landes tyme.
conveid to the  Arden of the Courte is a yonger Brp-
 , . ther to Arden the Heyre.
....Lapis limi- There is a bigge Stone a 3. Miles Weft from Rolleriche
taneus4. Stones ; and ftandith yn a Hethe, beiing the Name of Bar-
provmcia- ^^ a yjj|agfe therby longging to Mr. Palmer. This Stone
is a very Marke or Limes of Gloceftre, Wiceftre, Warwike and
Oxfordefeires. And Palmer's Sun told me, that this Stone of certente is
the Marke, and not Rolleriche Stones.
Lygan. The auncient Houfe of the Ligans is at Mattesfeld in
Wiceflrejhire.
Syr miiiam Xhe Heire of this Ligans now lyving maried one of the
Heires of Syr William Graville a Juge and a Man of Law.
Vanpage of Wiceflrejhire maried a nother.
Wy of Gloceftrefeir maried the 3.
And thefe 3. Doughters had yn Divifion a 300. Markes
of Landes.
«e Arle the faire Houfe wh 

Graville.

Foi. ar. Godrike of Pyrtoun /3 .... in Gloceftrefhire within a
Mile and a di. of Gloceftre Toune is of an auncient Houfe,
and hath at this tyme a ioo. Marke of Land by yere.
Wyfe.
Wy dwellith at Lipiate beyond Cirenceftre towarde Tetbyri.
Whiteney a Gentilman of a 300. Markes Landes by the
yere dwellith at Lecumbe in Gloceftrefeir a litle from Stow yn
the Wold.
There is in thofe Quarters a Village caullid Wynderufch ;
and fo is the Ryver of Whiteney communely caullid.
Hunkes a Gentilman of faire Landes but partely by Purchace.
Htnfey. Syr John Horefey of Dorjetfeire hath almofte as much Lande
by thenheritaunce of his Mother as he hath by his Father.
The Houfe that his Father lay at as in his owne Inheri
tance is caullid Clifton, and is in Dorjetfeire 2. Miles from
Shirburne. Syr John Horefey Mother was Doughter and Heire
to one Turgefe ; whofe Maner Place and Landes lay at
 betuixt Milton and Ceren, alias Cernele.
Sach'.villt. The auncienteft Houfe of the Sachevilles that now livith is

k Defunt St. /3 There is no lacuna in Stowe. at

LELAND'S ITINERARY. it
at Bukhurfte yn Sauthejax by the Foreft ofWaterdoun, a 2. or
3. Miles from Rotherfeld alfo in Southfax. This Sacheville is
a Man of a 300.- //. Land by the yere.
• Sacheville of Bedforde that was Grome-Porter cam out of
this Houfe.
And fo did Sacheville of Blechingle in the Quarters by Ri-
gttte, a Man now of a 40.' Markes of Eandes by the yere. Alfo
out of the Houfe of Bukhnrft defcend the Sachevilles of Calqys.
Quinbarow is without doubte in Shepey. Foi. 21.
Capelande parte of Cumbrelande may be" elegantly caullid Chepkalia.
Cephalenia. The Wodde or Foreft in Staffardfeire communely caullid
Cank Wood yn olde Writinges is caullid Cannok.
The Eldeft Houfe ofthe Efcuedamours of Her ef or defeire was EfweJa.
at a Place caullid Penchirche in the Egge of the Dominion or «"""••
Gountery caullid Ewis Harald. Skidmore of the Court told
me of thefe many of the Howfe of Penchirche. Jenkin was
a ftoute Felow, and had al the Rule of the Couhtery there
aboute. Jenkin had John to his Sun and Heire. John had;
James. James had Thomas, and Thomas had James, the
which waftid Parte of his Landes. This James had 2. Dough
ters, wherof one was maried into the Name of one of the
Efcuedamors, that in * longe time of Defcent had cum owt of
the Houfe of Penchirche.
There is yet one of the Efcuedamors that hath a huriderith
Markes of Land by the yere, and dwellith at .... .
Efcudamour ofthe Courte a cum [mith out' of a yorig]er
Brother. Clesby of Clesby in 3 Richemonfeire. CUwsly.
«. Rafe the firfte Erie of Stafforde maried .... Dough
ter and Heire, wherby he had that Part of Clare the Erie of
Gloceftre Landes that defcendid to his 4 Wife .....
. • i . . . . Doughter of . , . . ; . . . . .

Osbertus Dns de Toddenham (alias Tudenham) & Wofton, Foi. 23;
Osbertus had William. ^TtriJt
William had Richarde. /«»f " ""

* Deeft hac §. in St.

1 longe tyme. l cumm[ith out of a] yongger Brother, 3 Richemontfhire.
4 Wife one , , . Doughters of .... t. Richard

a2 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
. Richard had Walter Dm. de Strogil alias Chepftow. And
this Walter was Founder of Tyntern Abbay by Wy River aboye
Chepftow. % This Walter dyed Anno D. U3r.
Walter had Gilbert. This Gilbert was made Erie of P«b-
ira^« -<f«Kfl 4. Stephani.
Gilbert had Richard, communely caullid Strangboghe, alias
Strangbow. Richard was alfo Erie of Pembroke, and I afind
in olde Writinges that he was alfo caullid Gswzm Strigulia :
And apon this I fuppofe that Gilbert his [Father] and alfo
Walter his Grantfather had alfo the Title of the Counte of
Strogyl. This Richarde had no Iffue but a,
This Richard was a Con- Doughter caullid .^fofo/.
queror in Ireland and maried Ifabel was maried to one William
Eve Doughter and Heyre. . D"'- de Hampftede.
 William had but one Sun caullid An-
celme. and Ancelme died without Iffue.
William de Hamftede had 4. Doughters, [whereof one] ¦
was maried. ..
Bntberton. Thomas Brotherton had to Wife one Margaret, a Gentil-
woman of Gafcoyn, as I harde fay.
Thomas had by Margaret a Doughter only caullid Margaret.
This D°ughter Margaret had to her firft Husband . ...,.-
Erie of Pembroke ; but fhe had no Iffue by hym.
Segrave. This Margaret had by Segrave a Knight her fecunde 3 Huf-
bond a Doughter caullid 
 This Margaret had by Syr 4 Walter Maney her thirde Huf-
Maney. bande a Doughter caullid * Anne maried to John Haftinges
Erie of Penbroke".
Foi. 24. Mr. Doctor Bellazis tolde me that a Dukke, markid after
the Fafcion of Dukkes of the Bisfhoprike of Durefme, was
put in into one ofthe Pooles caullid Hel Ketelles betwixt Dar
lington and Tefe Bank, and after was found at 
Bridge apon Tefe therby, wher Gervalx duellith. and that be
it the People had a certein Conjecture that there was fpecus
fubterr. 5 betwixt the ii. Places.

* Thefe Words are added by Mr. Burton.

1 Thhis Water, x finde. 3 Husbonde. 4 Walter Maney in the Margin.
5 betwixt thes. Satis-,

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 23
etSalisbyri Knight of Denbigh Land told me that emong m-art
other thmges was a Coneftable of Diffart Caftelle caullid Call,
t>yr Kobert Mounderlinge Knight, a Man of a great p . . .
there, and yn his Prince fa . . . . and of fo valiaunt
Corage.that . . . there ordenid therby the . a Tyke
« luSieS- ~And at this Place y° a certen Chalenge one
Theodore, a Gentilman of Wa ... . did ftreeke out one of
Mounderlinges Yes : and after this Theodore cumming to the
King of Englandes Courte, and not thoroughly knowen, but
i-iem-L" ,' V to be a man of a ri£ht g°odly Stature, and be
Jikelihod of  ftrenkith : and to ' provoke h . . .
Feates of Armes they .... knowing that it was he that
had ftreken owt Syr Robert Mounderlinges fi brought the fame
Mounderling to chalenge hym at Feates of Armes ; but when
he faw Iheodore he faide that he entendid that he fhould not
ftrikeout his other Yee.
There is a Caftel in Wentllough caullid Caftel Gough, long- Caftella
ing to Vehan. Gougb.
The elder Houfe of the Morgans of South Wales is about
the farther Ripe of Elboith Ryver in Wentllugh, and is caullid
Tredeger. It is nother Caftel nor Pile, but a Maner Place,
and is withyn a Mile of Newport felf,
Eboith Ryver is bigger then Remny River that departith
Wentllugh from Glamorgan/hire, and rifith yn Hy Wencelande
abcut the Quarter of a Hille there caullid Marter, and ren
nith by Eftimation a xx. Miles yn lenght, and goith by it felf
ynto Severne Se about a Mile beyounde the Mouthe of Wiske
that cummith by Newporte.
Morgan the Knight of Lo[w Went]lande dwelling at Pe[n-
coite a] fair Maner PJace a [Myle from Byft,] alias Bisfeofs-
toun, [and 2. Myles from the] Severn Sei. He ys [of a
yongar Brother's Howfe.]
The olde Monumentes of the Toun of Kingefton be founde Foi. 2Jv
yn the Declyving doune from Come Parke toward the Ga- Xhgt/lm
loys ; and there yn Ploughyng and y Diggid have very often Tn-r
beene founde Fundation of Waulles of Houfes, and diverfe
Coynes of Braffe, Sylver and Gold, with Romaine Infcripti-

* Defunt in St. ufque ad The elder Houfe of the Morgans
&c. /i Adde Ye. y Digging St.

1 provoke him . . Feates;
Vol. 6. D ons

2, LELAND'S ITINERARY.
ons, and paintid Yerthen* Pottes ; and yn one irrthe. Car
dinal WolL's Tyme was found much RomayneMonyot byl-
ver, and Plates^f Silver to coyne, and Maffes to bete into
Plaes to coyne, and [Chay]nes ,of Sylver And yn the old.
tyme the commune faying ys that the Bridge, where the
commune Paffage was over the Tamife at olde Kingfeon, was
lower on the Ryver then it is now. And when- Men began
the new Town yn the Saxons Tymes they toke from the
very Clive of Came Parke Side to builde on tamife Side :
and fette a new Bridge h.-d by the fame. The Tounifch*
Men of Kingfeon contend that wher their Toun Chirche is
now was fumtyme an Abbay. But I fe no hkehhod of it.
For King Henry the fecond did appropriate their Chirch as
a Paroche Chirche, not as Abbay, Priory or Celle to Mar
ten Abbay in Souther ey. The Tounifch Men have certen
Knowlege of a few Kinges crounid ther afore the Con -
quelle ; and contende that 2. or 3. Kinges were buried yn
their Paroche Chirch; but they can not bringnoProfe nor
likelihod of it. In the new Toune by the Tamife fide there is
a Houfe yet caullid the Bisfeopes Haulie. But now it is
turnid into a commune Dwellinge Houfe °^ a Tounifch
Man. It was fumtyme the Bisfhop of Wtndhefter's Houfe : :
and as far as I can conjeft fum Bisfhop, wery of it, did
ne^leSt this Houfe, and fi becam to build at Asfeer nere the
Tamife Side 2. or 3. Miles above Kingefton. Dyyerfe Kmges,
have gyven great Privileges to the Town of Kingefton, as it
is yn this Tyme. And Kingftan is the befte Market [Towne
FJ. 26. of] al Southerey. Ther was [and is] a Chapelle at Kingefton
wberyn caullid Magdalenes, to the which is yoinid an Hofpitalle, and
I?^" the Maker of it was one » Lofkin, Mayre, as I* harde, of
Prefi^and London : and thisMan, as I harde, was borne in Kingfton felf,
««en and dwellid in Tamife Streat about New Fifth Streate ; and that
pSo« Men. fre was- Founder 0f the v College of the Chirch of St. Mi-
cbaelles hf crokid Lane. And, as I can geffe, this Lap"

x Tyies ; and in the Cardinall Wolfey's time lie. St. fi Be
gan St. y In the Margin of Stowe's Tranfcript is this Note by
Mr. Stowe's own Hand: W. Walworth founded the Coledge,
peradventure for John Busken his Maftar.

Lofkyn Fifliemongar St. 2 hard. dwell-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 25
dwellid there in .the Houfe that Mr. Finkei dwellid yn, and
was buried yn the Body of S. Michael's Chirch.
Thefe 3. Chapelles and Hammes lying on the Tames Side
from King/Ion toward London, that is Peter Ham, Riche
mont or Shene, and Kew, longe to Kingefton, and fo up al
moft to * Morteland. And the Privilege of Kingefton ftrechith
upward almoft to Cobham.
1 Knappey in Torkfeire now the chifeft Houfe of the Mete- Metemif
cdlfes was boute by one Thomas Metcalfe, Sunne to JamesKnatlcy-
Metecalfe, of one of the Lordes Scrapes of Bolton, and then
it was a Peace of Ground of a mi. Poundes by the yere :
and on it was but a Cotage or litle better Houfe, ontille
this Thomas began ther to build, in the which Building 2.
Toures be very fair, befide other Logginges. Thomas had
Jamis, and James had . . - . . . that now is Heyre,
The 3. firfte were Men of great Age, and Thomas was yn
thofe Quarters a great' Officer, as Steward, Surveier or Re-
ceyver of Richemont Landes, wherby he waxid riche and
able to builde and purchace. At this tyme many other
fmaul Peaces of Landes be adnexid to Knappey. And the
uplandifch Toune thereby caullid  and other
'Places there aboute be able to make a 300. Men yn very
knowen Confanguinite of the Metecalfes.
Inon, corruptely caullid Baynon, and more corruptely Bay- F.1.27.
¦nam, deryvith his Houfe oute of a Houfe in Canter Cely by £"y3ioun.
Brekenok caullid 
Now the befte of the Inons « in landes" dwellith at ... .
. . . . yn the Foreft of Dene, and is Ruler of the Foreft
of Dene under the King, but he defcendith of a yongger
Brother of the Houfe in Canter Cely : and Baynons Grant-
father that is now had Landes by his Wife that was Heire to
Walloun a Gentilman of Hereford/hire.
Wylli-am Baynon dwelling at . . . . . is of the elder
Brother of the Houfe of Cantercely that now is clene out of
his Pofteffion.
One Robert Darcy C!erke? as I hard, to a Gentilman or D of
Lawier maried a riche Marchauntes Wife of Maldon that EJlfax.
had parte of 3. or 4. fhippes, and apon that purchaftd Landes.

ce. Defunt St.

Mortela . . Ltxland. Mortslafee. St.
D 2 Ro-

26 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Robert had Robert and he was a Knight.
Robert the Kriight had Thomas.
And he had Roger.
Roger had Syr Thomas Darcy that now lyvith.
The afore fayde Darcys ly buried at Maldon.
There is a nother Houfe of the Darcys cummyng out of
this at  a . . . Miles beyond Maldon.
Fmgenhale * The Maner of Frogenhale, communely caullid Frogenolle,
Vatamce. yoinith to the Quarteres of Thong Caftelle in Kent by Siding-
burne, and is ofa xlv. Ii. Rent by Yere. Of this very aun
cient Houfe was a Knight that did great Feates in France,
and is writen of.
Frogenhalle that is now was Sunne to one of the Saincl
Johns Doughters the befte of that ftokke : and this Saincl
John of Bedforde, or Northamtonfeir had vi. or vn. Dough
ters that after were very welle maried. And Saincl John
beyng deade the Duke of Somerfet maried his Wife, and be-
Genus Mar- got only Margaret of her that after was maried to Edmund
g"reta co- Er]e f Ric},emont Father to King Henry the vn. And by
montama;. this Meanes were the S. Johns annexid by Confanguinite to
King Henry the vn. There was a nother of the Saincl
Oli-ver S. Johns a blak ' and big Felow that died at Fonterabye in
J,b"~ Spayne when the late Marquife of Dorfet was there, and
Heire to this Saincl John  was the
Foi. 28. yong Saincl John that maried Mr. Whetehilles Doughter of
the Marches of Calays. And this yong S. John is Sun and
Heyre to the Doughtter and Heyre of Sir John Eversby late
Knight of Suthfax.
This yong S. John's Father caullid, as I remembre, Oliver
had gyven hym a Peace of Land by King Henry the vii. of
the Attaintid Landes of the Erie of Lincoln caullid Sayes
Crofte, lying in the Meade? toward Grenewiche.
Mr. Sulmo hath welle the^Genealy of S.John and J Somerfete.
My Lorde of Rutheland told me that about Henry the fe-
condes tyme Ros maried the eldeft ofthe 3. Sifters of Efpec,
wherby Efpec s Landes 3 cam to the Rofes.
Humfridus dux Gloceftriae, comes Penbrochiae, & came-
rarius .Angliae.

et, Hie loci defunt multa in St. fi Sic.

1 and a big.' 2 Somerfetes. .5 cam parte! v to. Ther

LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vj
Ther cummith a preaty Creke to Midleton in Kent a . . .
Miles from Sidingburne, and thither cum praty Crayers and
Shippelettys. At Bobbing a Mile from Sidingborne is a fair Maner, and aCUffirdof
ftronge dry Place of Flynte by it. This Maner ons longid ^"s'm
to the Molynes, then to the Salvages, and now to the Clif
ford. The elder Brother of the Clifordes of Kent fold it to
Syr Thomas Neville : and the yongger Brother redemid it to
hym and his Heires. This elder Clifford hath yet a Maner
by Boxle in Kent caullid Sutton Valaunce wher was a Park.
Ther was a poore Hofpital a Mile beyond Sidingburne
caullid Pokefeaulle. King Henry the vn. gave it to Linche his
Phififian, and Linche gave it to a Sunne of his. I fuppofe
that it is now quite doune.
Higheham a poore Priory of Nunnes about a nil. Miles Alta do-
above Grevefende in Kent on the Shore was fuppreflid by Fif-mw'
fear Bisfhop of Rochefters meanes, and given to S. John's
College in Cantebridge. Sum fay that King Stephan was
Founder of it, and that his Syftar was Nunne * there.
One Fleming a very riche Man of the Toune of Steneford Foi. 29.
in Lincoln/hire was the firft Founder, as it is faid, ofthe Au-Stemfird.
guftine Freres in Staunford in the Weft Suburbe hard by
Saindt Peter's Gate. An Archidiacon of Richemont was the
Performer of it. ,
Marke here that in this Suburbe is a Parcelle of Grounde The Limes
.caullid Breede Croft, becaufe that Bakers fold there Brede ih°f ^jffe-
that Part of the Suburbe ; whither yet is Recurfe oute 0(,mdJbir°-
Ruthelandjhire ; and ther their Seffions be kept. So that the
Shire Ground of Rutheland cummith to this Suburbe of Staun
ford Toune.
In the Southe Parte of StaunfordT ownne withyn theWaulles
and by the Market Place is an Hofpitale omnium Sanclorum,
foundid by one Broune of that Toune, a Marchant of a
very wonderful Richeneffe, and he lyvid in hac atate. So
that fum Men be alyve that have feene hym.
As much Privilege is given to the Toune of Staunford,
faving Privilege for Treafon, as hath be geven to any Teune
lightely in England.
The Northen Men in one of the in. firfte Kinge Ed
wardes Dayes dyd % file to the Toune of Stanford, and bren-
nid many Writinges of their Antiquites and Privileges.

I ther. 2 ille rafe the St. Al-

3c? LELAND'S ITINERARY.
¦Albeniacus, Lord of Sever Caftel, that of furety ftandith
Leirctftre
In Lincolnfeir in the Vale of Bever, was Lorde of Ufiftngton
by Wiland Ryver half a Mile bynethe Standforde on the
farther fide ofthe as Ripe * of Lincolnfeir •<?, and there remainid
greate Tokens of a Maner Place embatelid of his ; the which
by the fi Yere of Rutbeland now lyving, and having it by
Rofife Heir Generale, hath well bene repairid.. And at fuch
tyme as Albeneys lay communely at Ujfington, one of them
buildid Newfteede a Priory of Chanons, and there was bu
ried, as I hard, the 2, the 3, and the 4. of the Albeneys.
This Newftede is withyn leffe then a Mile beneth Stan
ford, but not hard apon the Ryver. And bycaufe that a
greate voice rennith that fumtyme Readinges of Liberalle
Sciences were at Staunforde, the Names of Peterborough
Foi. 30, Hauile , Semplingham and Vauldier yet remayn there as
Places for thofe Houfes of Men of Re-
y Chater Ryver cummith ligion that fent their Scholars thither
into Weland about a 2. Miles to ftudy : except a Man wille fay that
above Stanford in ripa fuper. thefe Houfes otherwife cumming to
It rifith in Ruthelandfeir or them kept theyr names.
the Egge of Leirceftrefeire a There is a ftone Bridge a Quarter of
xvi. Miles of by Weft, and a Mile beyond Staunforde towarde
cummith within a Mile of Up- Newftede, and under it rennith a Rive-
pingham beying in Stanford of ret caullid Wafcbe. This Water rifith
the hither Ripe, and thens vi. yn Leyrceftrefeire, and cummith by
Miles to Okam a Mile of on Gritham in Ruthelandfeire, and by Ma-
the farther Ripe, and fo to fter Harington's Place caullid 
Ketton a v. Miles in refpe£t, The hole Courfe from the Hedde of
being in Stanford on the hi- it a litle byneth Wafch Bridge where
ther Ripe : and there is a it goith into Welande River a litle be-
Stone Bridge over Chater of a neth Staundford Toune is an xvm. or
, vi. Arches of Stone I and half xx. Miles.
a Mile lower in Toweland The commune Saying is there that
Ryver. Wafcbe and Wiland fhaul droune al
There dwelle in Ketton Holande.
2. Gentilmen of praty Landes There cummith many fmale Rilles
Kingefton and  into this River of Wafche.
u. Leg. Ripe yn Lincolnfhire. fi Sic. y Non pauca hie
loci defunt in St. $ Sic. I yn Lincolnfliire. There

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 29
.There be diverfe Springes conveyid Wafcbe cummith by Cafter-
' ynto Leade to the Freres Houfes of ton, fumtyme longging to the
Staundforde. Lorde Hufey 
And one fair Springe is conveiyd a ......... .
Quarter of a Mile of ynto the Hart of tbe Toune ; and that .
hath 2. or 3..Caftelles in the Toun.
'Mr. Garter contendith that Thomas Boyertan, Sunne to Ed
ward the firft, maried a meane Gentilwoman yn Fraunce at
Burdeaux withoute his Father's Counfel for his Pleafure, and
that he had but one Doughter,- and that fhe was maried to
one Segrave : and that Segraves Doughter was maried to
Mowbray, and that Barkeley cam after to part Land. But
lqke better for this.
Morgan tolde me that one of the
lafte Lorde Herebertes buildid al the Hereberte-
befte logges of the Caftel of Rage- After the Dethe of Herebert
lande. Erie of Penbroke one Syr Wal-
There is a Caftel in Wentlough caul- ter Herebert was Heyre in ap-
lid Caftelle gaughe. parance, and he being in Dif-
The Landes ofthe Mallettes ?^,&, pleafure made his Sifter as
of York/hire by Sales and Heires J Heire to the Lande : ande fhe
Generales be fore difbarkelid, and of was maried to Syr Charles So-
them ys now but one that hath Landes, merjet.
and it is but a xxx. Ii. by the Yere.
His beft Houfe is at Normantoun, a 3. 3 Myles from Wake
field yn Yorkjbire lower then Wakefield, but a Mile from the
hither Ripe of Calder.
He hath Lande alfo a 3. Miles above Wakefield toward the
hither Ripe of Calder yn the Paroche of Altofte. Ther
4 hath bene, as Ruines fhow, a Maner Place. It is now caullid^- Saxo-]
Malleting for Malletes  "vulgo" " "
 Meds. . . ,

Syr Davy Pbilippes, that lyith buried in a Paroche Chirch, *<&• V-
by the Bridge Gate of Stanford on the Hille, had a praty Davypim^
Manor Place, as I hard, at Thorne a 2. or 3. Miles from
Stanford, and ther lay dyverfe tymes with hym certen Wardes

x ynto Leade] L. yn Leade.
j yn Leade . 2 Staunforde. 3 Myle. 4 hathe. ; nunc vulgo Mede. and

30 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
and Gentilmen longing to my Lady Margarete the Kinges
Grandedame that now is.
Ntrtbam.ff. The Houfe of Coly Wefteton, as fum fay, was firft begon
amanu Dy a. Gentilman «s that gave 3. Sylver Belles in a Felde of
""""' Sables to his Armes, and that he was firft a Paroche Clerk,
as it is faid, of Coly Wefton felf or thereabout^ ¦'. And that
the Lorde Crumwelle augmentid it : And that the Lady Mar
garet, King Henry the vn. Mother, augmentid it.
I hard that Edmunde of Langeley, King Edwardes Sun, did
great Cofte of Fodringey Caftel, and that his Sunne augmentid
the College there begon by hym.
Foi. 31; The Market Towne of Petteworth yn the Wald of South-
PuiDonb. jax js fjght welle encreafid fyns the Yerles of Northumbre
land ufid litle to ly there. For now the Men there make good
Clothe. The Parfone of the Toune hath muche Privilege there,
and concerning certen Tenauntes that he hath there kepith
his Courte and Leete.
One Parfon Aeon buildid the Spire of the faire Steple
there in the Toune, and alfo made the fayre Bridge of Stone
caullid Rotherbridge fcant a Mile from Peteworth apon the
Utiurui flu- Water that cummith doune from Cowdrey.
Parfon Edmundes of late dayes perceyving the great lak of
Water at petworth cauflid chiefly a great Spring, the Hedde
wherof is about a Mile from the Toune, to be brought in
Lede to Petworth, parte of the Water cumming to the Ma
nor Place, part to the Perfonage, the Refidew to ii. or iii.
Places yn the Streate of the Toune.
In the Chyrche of Petworth ly buried fum of Percy's Child-
em, but none of the Lordes.
Ther lyith one Syr William Redmille a Knight that dwellid,
as I hard, in a Log of the great Parke there. •
Ther lyith alfo one or ii. fi [of] the Scropes : And as I
harde there be buried fumme of the Scropes s.t Bojgrove Priory
1 by [Stalveacre] a late the Lord Delawar Houfe.
Dauterey There be buried alfo yn Petworth Chyrch certein of the
de alta
ripa. ;
« He meaneth Porter in marg, ab alia manu, Antonii»«tf-
pe a Wood, ni fallor. fi Adjeci.

1 by [Staljveacre.
Dan-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 3t
Dautereis, whos Names in Latine be there wryten de alta ripa.
The chefeft Houfe of thefe Dautereis is in Petworth Pa-
Toche Caullid the More, half a Mile from Petworth Toune.
There is a nother Houfe longing to them in Petworth by the
Chirch. About a Mile lower then Rother Bridge hy Petworth apon
the hither Ripe appere veftigia and a Mote of an auncient
Manor Place caullid Baienet, wher, as I lernid, ons Dikes,
a Gentilman of fair Landes, fumtime lay. On the farther
fide of the Ripe is a Waren of Conys adjacent to it.
The Dykes Landes by Heyres generalles is devolvid now
to Mr. Goring and to Mr. Deringe. Sum fay that ther was asbu-Uy iro-
3. Sifter that was maryed to Shirley, and that Part cam toferer to the
the other ii. And as I remember Rivers Park thereby long-5mfs
•j .. ..l. t-,-7 J ° Houfe.
gid to the Dikes.
At the Mouth of Arundel Streame as apon the Se lyith
ii. Tounelettes a- 4. Miles from Arundel. The hither is
caullid Cualo, and of it the Haven is caullid Cudlo Haven.
The farther is caullid Litle Hampton.
There is a faire Wod longging to the Bisfhop' of Cantor- Av'"'du-
byri, and a Park, and an auncient Place in it cawlyd * [Shy-]^^
don on the right Hond in [the way almofte betwixt Arundlebetwixt A-
andChichefter.] ™»A/and
There' is a Tounelet a 2. or 3. Miles lower then Chicefter Cla£t^
on the farther fide of the Creke, caullid Fifcheburne, wherof F\fbeburnt
ot fum the Haven is caullid Fifcheburne Haven. And tothisHaven-
Creke refortith the litle Broke that cummith by Chichefter.
Pers de Langetofte, Chanon of Bridlington in York/hire, Foi. 34.
tranflatid into Frenche Ryme Herebertusde Bojeham Booke of
the Lyfe of Thomas Beket.

Ex Chronico incerti Au&oris qui Epitomen Galfredi fcripfit,
& de Regibus Saxo ; & Normannorum ad tempora Henrici.
Ofmundus Epus Sarum, Cancellarius Regis.
Henricus 2. diilus Curtemantel. Nam ifle primo tranfvexit
curta mantella ab Andegavis in Angliam.
Edvardus Is. de 2a. ux. genuit Thomam Dominum de
Brotherton. Joannes Holand, dux Exceftrias, capitur a communitate

t Coferer of the. 2 £Shyn]don.
Vol. 6, L epud

%2 LELAND'S ITINERARY!
apud Pritewelle in quodam molendino, & dedublus ad caftellum
de Plasfhey, & ibidem decollatur.
An". 9. Henrici 5. Edmundus Holland, comes Cant, fatlus
Admirallus Anglise.
Henricus quintus natus apud Monemuth in Wallia 20. die
Mart, in Fefto S. Cutheberti.
A Frenche Chronike from the tyme of Richard the firfle
to the tyme of Eduarde the firfte in a bullatike or baftard
Romaine hand.
Ex hiftoria incerti au£f.oiis de paucis Northumbr. regi-
bus & epifcopis Tranfeumbranis.
Burjh Ca- Ferunt quidam S. regem Ofwinum natum in quodam caftro
jlelhrn ad Burgh antiquitus nuncupato, cujus fiundamenta pro parte adhuc
auftralem manent ex aullrali parte aqua de Tina prope Southefheles in
npam Tim. . . J. n n - - r-. i • i* r *j xt l
vide uum fit temtono qaod nunc eft frioris fJunelmi. r,crndus rex JNortn-
Cairuruacb. umbr. anno D. 785. dedit Cuthberto epificopo villam de Creke
& tria in circuitu ejus milliaria.
Twifird Synodus a Theodoro Arch, celebrata apud Twiford juxta
juxta Aim Alne^„. ExtabulaDonationisisV/W^' regis Cuthberto 15. anno ejusregni.
Pro falute animce mea & Succefforum meorum donavi civi-
tatem qua vacatur Lugubalia, & in circuitu ejus quindecim mil
liaria.
Stagnum Ecfridus rex occifus a Pictis apud Neflanfmere, fiepultus efe
NeSfam. Se- 'ln Hi 2K/Wtf .Columba?.
fr'J^re '' *Eadfridus epifeopus lAnd\sfamenf\s fervens amore pradecef-
*Fol. 35! foris fiui Cuthberti oratorium in fua anachoretica converfatianis
injula, jam vetuftate difiolutum, a fundamentis reftauravii,
Felgildo tunc ibidem in vita jolitaria poft Ethelwoldum con-
verfante. Ethel woldus primo presbyter in Ripun.
Ethelwoldus 12. annis vixit in Fame injula. ibidem obiit.
at fiepultus in lAndisfame juxta pradiclorvm epifcoporum corpora.
Ethelwoldus abbas Mailrofenfis, & olim Cuthberti minifter,
fuccejfit Eadfrido in epifcopatu Lindisfarnenfi. Hie Ethelwoldus
fecerat crucem artifici opere expoliri, & in fiui memoriam fuum
in x eo nomen exarare. cujus fummitatem multa poft tempore,

ea n. exarari. dum

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 33
dum '- ipfam ecclefiam Lindisfarnenfem pagani devaftarent, fire-
gerunt ; fed poft artificis ingenio reliqua parti infufo plumbo
ipja fraclura eft adjunda, femperque deinceps cum corpore S.
Cuthberti crux ipfa circumferri folepat. Qua etiam ufque ho-
die'in Dunelmenfis ecclefi.e cimiterio flans fublimis utrorumque
pontificum intuentibus exhibet monimenlum.
Ceolwulphus intravit Lindisfarne ccenobiugi, S. Cuthberto
fiecum conferens thefauros regies & terras, id eft, Brigefne &
Werceword cum fuis appendiciis, Jimul & ecclefiam quam ibi- mrfcewwd,
dem adificaverat : alias quoque 4. villas, Wudeceftre, Hwi-
tingham, Eadulfingham, iS Egwulfingham. Hi funt termini
pradicla Donationis ab aqua qua vacatur Luia ufque ad Luia flu.
1 Cocwuda, iS inde ufque ad civitatem qu.-e vacatur Brince-
welle, & a z Cocwuda ufque ad Hafodfcelfe verfus orientem :
IS ab Alna ufque ad dimidiam viam inter ? Cocwuda iS Alna.
Corpus Ceolwulphi regis tranflutum a Lindisfurnenfi ecclefia
ad Norham per Ecfridum, ejufdem loci antiftiteirt. Poft mulios
autem annos caput ejus Dunelmum tranfeatum eft.
Ex Annalibus incerti auctoris. Foi. 56.
Wilhelmus comes Waren obiit 5. Idus Maii, Anno D. 1 1 38.
Anno D'. 1145. Ebrardus epifcopus a Norwico Fontenei
recejfit, IS ibidem, vitam finivit.
Gul. de Rale ex epificopo Norwic. con-
fecratus in epifcopum Winton. Anno D'k 1258. Fratres Mi-
Anno D. 1263. Fratres Minores ex- nores occupaverunt locum in
pulfi funt de villa S. Edmundi, & da- villa S. Edmundi contra liber-
tur eis locus extra quatuor cruces. IS mo- tales & privilegia ejufdem ec-
nachi domum eorum fregerunt IS deleve- clefia.
runt. Anno D>. 1269. IX Simon de Milham abbas de Langeley Langeley
obiit. Succeffit Richerus de Maffingham quintus abbas illius loci. ^J, £
Philip Tilney of Northfolk had much ofthe Tborps Landes, fy'ln^[
and emong other was the goodly Maner of Afich'ewelle Thorp
by Wyndam in Northfolk.
He had alfo Thetford.in the Ifle of There were 2. Brethern of
Ely, the wich I think was Thorpes the Thorps, one, as I hard,Can-
Land alfo. cellar of England, and the
Philip had in. Sunnes, Frederik, Ro- other 4 chefe Juge.
bert and Hughe, and xii, Doughters.
1 Cocwnda. 2 Cocwnda. ; Cocwnda. 4 William Thorpe, chefe Judge of
-the Kynges Eeache 22 of Ed, the 3 St.
E2 He

34 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
He lefte to Frederik 700. Markes by the Yere of Landes.
And Philip or he died was Prift and Prebendari of Lin-
colne, and is buried in the Minfter of Lincoln afore the Weft
Dore of the Chirch. Maffengbam in Northfolk longid to
Mr. Framelingbam that a Philip Tilney, and he had much Lande
late maried Syr Philip Tilney' s jn Lincolnjhire. Wherapon I geffe that
Wife told me that the Tilneis partely the Tilneys Name rofe in Lin-
had a Houfe hard by Bofton colnfeire.
Toun, and that one of the Frederik had only, a Doughter, the
Tilneys lyith in Bofton Chirch which was maried to the Lorde Barnes,
by the Stepille, and that he Father to the lafte Lord Barnes. So that
v/as a greate Maker of the the laft * Lorde £mz« was her Sunne
Stepil. an(j Heyre of the Tylneis Landes^
*f °'- 37- .Thomas Duke of Northfolk after the Death of the old Lorde
Barnes maried her, and had his 3. notable Sunnes by her.
The lafte Lorde Barnes folde almoft the fubftance of al
his Landes.
Knevet the Servient Porter to the King maried the Lorde
Barnes Doughter, and thereby he had fum Landes, and alfo
his Childerne now have by the Lord Barnes, «. and chefely
Jffchewel Thorp by Windeharri '.
Robert fecunde Sunne. to Philip Tilney had gyven hym by
his Father a hunderith Poundes by Yere of Lande in Cam-
bridgefeire, and there Robertes Heir yet duellith.
Hugh the third Sun had a hunderith Pound Lande at
Bfton and in the Partes of Lincolnjhire. Syr Philip Tilney of
Soutbfolk was Sun to hym, and the Duches of Northfolk his
Doughter. The old Philip alfo beftowid his xii. Doughters fo. welle that
the left of them was maried to a Man of xl. Pound Landes.
Mngton. The Greate Graunt-father of Alington now in Cambridg-
feire was the lirfte ofthat Name that ' enhabited there.
Olde Thomas of Darby, as Mr. Haul
Sum fay that Thomas was told me, was a the 3. of the Standeleys
firft of the Standeley that was that had the Name ofa Lorde. This
made Lorde and after Erie. Thomas was after made Erie of Darby.
Much of the Standeleys Landes cam

a Dcfiderantur in Stoveo ; qui et multa alia omifit.
J eijhabitid, 2 the 3 of &{, by

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 35
by Latham of Latham afore that Thomas was made Erie.
The attaintid Landes of Pilkington, Broughton and Wotton
were after gyven hym.
And Standeley Lord Montegle hath the Lord Harington's
Landes. Sum fay that there is a Manor Place in Gloceftrefhire lately ^ 3*«
caullid Trefeam Haule, or a like Name, and that by likelyhod
that fhould be the auncienteft Houfe of the Trefeams.
At this tyme ther be 2. Houfes of the Trefeams in North
amptonjhire. The Elder Brothers Houfe is now communely at Rufchton
by Catering. But he caullith hymfelf communely Trefeam of
Leveden a 2. Myles from Undale in
Northamptonjhire, where yet ftandithe Trefeam of Neuton 2. Miles
Parte of auncient Maner Place and from Rufchton cummith of a
godely Medows about it. and there yongger Brother caullid Henry
hathTrefeama 3oo.Markesby theYere. that maryid Mulfeos Heir.
This Trefeam hath alfo a Manor and ThisHenry wasGraunt-Father
Place at Siwel a 3. or 4. Milys from or Great-Graunt-Father to
Northampton by North. Trefeam of Neuton now alyve,
In tymes pafte one Willyam Trefeam, and to Doctor Trefeam of Ox-
Ownerof thefe Landes, cumming from y«ns?. Trefeam of Newtons
Northampton * to Siwelle, and faying his Landes ys aboute a 100.
Matens, was cruelly flayne by one £«- Poundes.
/»£y« and Glin of Wales with their
Route Servantes to the Lorde Gray of Ruihyne. This /if7/-
//o/n had a Route of Servantes cumming by chaunce half a
Myle * behynd him, and they hering the a fcry cam and cut
of eche End of the Spere yn hym, bringging hym bak to
Northampton, where after the Truncheon was pullid oute
he dyed. *
Redburne
Firfte S. Alban's Water curhmithe downe. Then cummith Mare and
Colney Streame, and thefe mete a 3. Miles above the More^ff g
Place on the farther Ripe caullid Mereden, and there both
Waters be but fmaul, but Saincl: Alban's Water is the bigger.
And a Mile beneth Mereden is Watforde a praty thorough fare
on the farther Ripe of the hole Arme after the Confluence.

« Sic,

I toward Siwelle, 2 behynd Hym,
Then

36 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Then cummith Hempftede Water
Bercamftede Broke metith doune into the More Streame a Quarter
with HempftedeWater at Tway of a Mile or more a this fide Rikemanf-
Waters Mille. worth. Hempftede is a ix. Milys from
the Mare by Northe: and a 3. Miles
Richemanfworth is no Mar- above that at greate Gatefdene by North
ket Toun, but it is in Hert- is the Hedde of this Streame. And yn
fordefeire. The More is alfo in Richemanfworth felf is a Divifion ofthe
Hertfordfeire. great Streame cumming to his Courfe
agayn. Lowde Water cummith into the
Hamerfeam Water is com- great Streame of MoreWater a flite fhot
munely taken for the limes lower on the farther Ripe then Gatefden
betwixt Hertford and Buking- Water or ever the « great cum to
bamfeires. Richemanfworthe.
Hamerfeam a Market in Then cummith in HamerfeamWate:
1 Bukinghamfeire. a this fide Uxbridge.
Foi. 39. Peter Delamar, a Man of about xii. c. Markes of Lande
by the Yere, dyed without IfTue Male in Edwarde the 3.
Dayes : but he had 3. Doughters maryed to thefe Gentil-
men ; fi S. John, S. Amande, and William de la Roche, the
which 3. devidid the Landes of Delamare. The Caftelle of
Nunny Delamar in Somerfetfeire, and the Lordfhip of Fifchar-
ton yn Wylefeire cam to S. John in Partition.
S. Amande had 
William de la Roche had 
But Mr. Bainton told me that there were but 2. that de
vidid Delamares Landes. And that S. Amand had by Heire
general of Gul. de la Roche fuch Landes as the faid Roche had
by Delamare : and that Lande is now cum to Mr. Bainton.
Syr Edward Boynton's Father had to Wife the laft Lord
S. Amande Sifter and Heire becaufe he had no legitime
Childe. There was a yonger Brother of this
Peter Delamare the yonger. Houfe of the Delamares : and he by
Praeferrement of Mariage had about

* Adde Streame. fi There is aftrake drawn under S.John
in the Orig. and over againft it is written (by Mr. Burton's
Hand) Pawlet,

1 Bukinjharc/hir,

the

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 37
the tyme of Edwarde the 3. the Dought- SyiThomasDelamare,Knight
ter and Heyre of one Achard a Man of the Sepulchre, the laft of
of faire Landes in Barkefeire. this Houfe had a Sun caullid
The firfte of the Achardes was prae- John , and he diyng afore
ferrid to vn. Lordfhipes in Barkefeire Thomas his Father left 2.
by Henry the firft Gifte, wher of 2. of Doughters : wherof one wa»
the principal were thus namid, Sparfi- maried to Humfre Fofter, Fa-
bold oe  and Aldermanton. ther to Syr Humfre that now
At Sparfeold lyith one of the Achards lyvith : the other to Morton
honorably byried in a Chapel annexid of Dorfetfeir, Kinefman to
hard to the Side of the Paroche Chirche Cardinal Morton ; but fhe had
having a Chauntery : and on eche fide noChildern, and fo the Landes
of hym lyith a Wife of his. There is of this Delamer cam totally
a commune Saying that the one of to Fofter.
them was a Duches, and the other a Countes. But this Say
ing hath litle Apparaunce of Truthe.
Delamare dying withoute Iffue Male lefte a Doughter that
was maried to  Fofter : and fo v. of the vn.
Lordfhipes of Acharde above fpoken be yet in Syr Humfrede
Fofter' siiandes that now moft duellith.at Aldermanton.
The Houfe of Syr Humfrede Fofter in Barkefeire cam oute f01. 40.
of the Houfe of Fofters of Northumbrelande, of whom one
of late tyme was caullid Syr Thomas Fofter, and was Mare-
fchal of Barwike.
This youngger Brother of the Fofters of Northumbreland
were firft plantid in Edwarde the 3. tyme, and by his Ad-
vauncemenc to faire Landes in Somerfetfeire by the Partes
where a late the Priory of Barly was. And after one ofthe
Fofters for a notable Murder doone cam to Sanctuary, and
thens fledde beyond the Se : and leving Doughters by- one of the
hinde hym Part of ' hys Landes confifcate was gyven to them Wadbams
that maried x hys Doughters. And after that Fofter had his^™^™6
Pardon, and gatherid fum Landes again in Somerfetfeir that Doughters;
yet remayne to Syr Humfrey Fofter.
Then Popham a Gentilman of very faire Landes in Soutb-
amptonfeir dyid withoute Iffue Male aboute Henry thevi. dayes:

k This lacuna isboth in the Orig. and Stowe.

1 his Landes. 2 his Doughters. and

38 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Humfrede Fofter Grandfather ?.nd leving iiii. Doughters they were
to Syr Hjfrey Fofter now ^jnaryed, to Fofter, to Barenitne, to
, . .} - y, <.. J„ ., , Wadham, to Hamdene.
fcfht?r ^ ' And J hard ^ that *<*»¦» had ™*
£ ' alonly equal parte in Divifion of Psp-
Zwn'r Landes , but alfo bycaufe his Wife was Doughter
to the fecond Wife of Popham that was an Inheritor he had
alfo the hole lande that movid by his Mother, befide the «Par-
tion of the Landes Of Popham.
There be diverfe Lordfhipes that bere the Name of Popham.
And as I lernid Popham Dene 3. Miles from Clarington,
and 3. Miles from Mottifham as in the midle way betwene
was fumtyme the chefe Lordfhip or Manor Place of the
Pophams. Hangging Langforde in Wilefeire was
Loke for Pophams Epitaph Popham' s, and cam in Partition toFoftar.
yn Verfis in a Table, . There was one of the Pophams that
Loke apon Popham' s Image had this Stile hy Offices : Chauncelar of
over the South Dore of S. Se- Normandy, Capitaine of Vernoile, of
pukhres Chirch at London. He Perche, ofSufan andl&ayon. Ireforer
buildid a Peace of the Chirch. of the Kinges Houfold. He lyith at the
Popham left a very great Trea- Charter Houfe Chirch in London.
for in ftraunge Coynes. The firfteNobilitating of thePopham'si
Popham gave the Bukkes as it is faide, was by Matilde Emperes,
Hed in Cognifauns. Doughter to Henry the firfte, and by
Henry the 2. her Sunne.
Foi. 41. The fa're Lordefhip of Harpeden and fair auncient and
large Manor Place with dobil Courtes ftanding in Oxfordfeir
within half a Mile of Henle apon Tamife longgid to the
Harpedenes Gentilmen of Fame, and cam to the Fofter of
Barkefeire. Syr Humfre Fofters Father had 20. Childerne.
Tramelhg- One Henry Framelingham, communely caullid by OfHce
tam. Henry Surveyor, was a flout Felow and had faire Lande in
and about Framelingham Toune.
And after cam one Jenkin Framelingham, and purchacid
a faire Lordfhip and Manor Place about Debenham Market a
Mile from Some in Southfolk, This Maner Place ftondith on
a praty Hille and a Wood aboute it a litle withoute Debenham
Market Toune, and is caullid Crowis Haulle. For one Crow
a Gentilman was Owner of it, or ever Jenkin Framelingham

Sic. bought

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 39
bought it. This Jenkin lyith yn Debenham Chirche : and
fins tbe Framelinghams hath bene Lordes of the Toune of
Debenham. The Framelinghams of late exchaungid with the
Lordes of Northfolk and Wingefeld for their Landes in Frame
lingham felf, and in fum other Partes very nere to it.
« Ther be no mo of the Framelinghams that be Men of
Landes there but the onely Framelingham of Debenham.
Framelingham Servient at Armes is  "

Ex libello Genealogiae comitum Oxonienfium. Foi. 42,
Repetit genus a Noe. Deinde a Tideo Graeco. Infuper a
Vero nobHiff, Romano. Poftremo a Milone comite de Genny,
alias Gifney.
Mila Duke of Aungiers, and Duk and Leader of Great
Charles Hofte and Armye maried Berthelle Sifter of great
Charles. Hie fuit fuperftes anno D. 800.
Milo had to his firft Sunne Rothuland or Rouland Erie %
Palatine, Erie of Maunce and Bleuys that was * flaine of the
Paganes at fi Rumcidevale.
He had alfo Baldewine de Ver afterward Duk of Maunce. 2
He had alfo Milo de Ver, to whom, as to the yonggeft 3 .
Brother and his Nephew, Kinge Charles gave the Erldom of
Geney or Gifney.
Avelina Doughter of the Erie of Nauntes Wif to Milo de
Ver the Sun.
[Nicafius de Ver Erie of Genney Sonne to yonge Milo Erie
of Genney.
This Nicafius had to Wyfe Agathe the Dowghtar of the
Erie of Champain.
Of Nicafius cam Otho de Vere Erie of Genney, maried to
Conftance Dowghtar to the z Lord Charters.]

x This §. (which is imperfeel in the Orig.) is thus read in
Stowe : Framelingham of Debenham and Framelingham Serjant
at Armes. |3 Rumcidena St.

I flayne. 2 Lord of Charters St.
Vol, 6. F Of

40 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Of Otho cam Amelius de Ver Erie of Genney.
Helena Doughtier to the Erie of Bloys tooke to Husband
Amelius. Callus de Ver Erie of Genney.
Gerthrudis Doughtter of the Lord of CleremoniWif to Gallus.
ManaJJes de f~er Erie of Genney.
Petrcnilla Doughter of the Erie of Boleine and Wif to Ma-
nafics de Ver.
Alphonfus de Ver Erie of Genney.
Katarinc his Wife Doughter to Arnalde Erie of Flaundres.
Albery de Ver -YZuz of Genney.
Beatrice his Wife Sifter to King William Conquerour.
This Albery buildid Colne Priory of Blak Monkes yn Eftfax,
and there wills his Wife is buryed.
Albry the 2. was made Great Chaumbrelayne of Englandehy
King Henry the firfte yn the Beginning of his Reigne.
Tins Albry the 2. had to Wife Alice the Doughter of 'Gef
frey Mandeville Er[le of Eftfax.']
foi. 43. Jibry the 3. Erie of Genney Great Chaumbrelayne of
Englande. This Albry the 3. had to Wife Adelice the Doughter of
Robert Erie of Glocefter.
This Albry the 3. his Father yet lyving was at the Con
queft of the Cites of Nicque, of Antioche, and of Hierufalem
in the Lumpanie of Robert Courtois Duke of Normandie.
At the biege of the Cite of Antioche in a Batelle againe
Solhnant Prince ofthe Turkes a". D. 1097. a Baner of S.
George ws,s taken from Chriftians : the which after was won
againe by this Abry the 3. Wherapon Albry gave after the
Armes of S. George in his Sheld.
In the yere of our Lord 1098. Corborant, Admiral to the
Soudan of Perce, was faught with at Antioche and difcumfited
by the Chriftianes. The night cumming on yn the Chace of
this Bataile, and waxing dark, the Chriftianes beyng'4. Miles
from Antioche, God willing the faufte of the Chriftianes
fhewid a white Starre or Molette of fyve Pointes on the
Chriften Hoft, which to every Mannes Sighte did lighte and
arreft apon the Standard of Albry the 3. there fhyning ex-
ceffiveiy. This Albry for his Greatnes of Stature and fterne Looke
was namid Albry tbe Grymme.
This Albry the 3. foundid the Priory of Ikelington of
Nunnes in Cambridge/hire.
Albry the 3. had Albry the 4. Great Chambrelaine of
England

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 4*
England the which was creatid Erie of Oxford by Henry the 2.
Albry the 4. had to Wif Adelice Doughter to Robert Bi
got Erie of Northfolke.
Albry the 4, had a Doughter caullid Margaret maried to
Ranulph Erie of Chefter. Of whom defcendid Hugh Erie of
Chefter. x,lS 
Robert de Vere Erie of Oxford, and Great * Chaumberlaine,
fecunde Sunne to Albry the 3. and Brother to Albry the 4th.
had to Wife lfabelle fi Doughter and Heire to Hugh Vice-
counte Bulbek.
This Robert foundid the Priory of Blak Monkes at Eat- Foi. 44.
feld Bradeoke, caullid Kinges Hatfield, yn Eftfax ; and after his
Deceafe the faide lfabelle foundid the Abbay of Woburne in
the Counte of Buckingham, and the Houfe of Freres Preach
ers in the Towne of Oxforde.
Hugo de Ver Erie of Oxford Vicecounte Bulbek, and Great
Chaumbrelayne of Englande, was maried to Hawife, Dough
ter to Saerus de Sfuincy Erie of Winchefter. Of whom cam
Robert de Ver Erie of Oxford et c.
This Robert had to Wife Alice, Doughter and Heire of
Gilberte Lord Sanforde.
This Alice in her Widohod foundid the Houfe ofthe Freres
Preachers in Cambridge.
Of this Robert and Alice came Robert Erie of Oxford et c.
caullid the good Erie Roberte, which had to Wif Margaret
Doughter to Roger Mortimer Erie of Marche.
This good Erie Robert and Margaret had a Doughter
namid Jane, after maried to William Erie Warine, of whom
defcendid y^K Erie Warine.
This good Erie iiaifrr went to Rome on Pilgrimage a".
1306. At the which tyme a certaine Pagane, caullid A'irrs-
c«, buildid the Caftelle Vitro, and the Towne theronto
adjoyning, ftonding in the Realme of Naples, wher hy Ty
ranny he did very much Hurt to the Chriftianes : fo that

a. Sic in Autogr. fed in St. pro ic legitur & cet. fi Sifter and,
Heire. to Walter de Bolebec in Dugdales Baronage Vol. I. p. 189.
tiC 1 91. where are feveral other things different from Mr. Iceland' q
Account, and which ought therefore to be carefully confider'd.

1 Chatimbrelaine. F a Robert

42 LELAND'S ITINERARY.'
Robert Erie of Oxford, by Appointement, faught with hym
in Duello and * vanquifhid hym : and « after this by Poure of
God, and gave the Caftelle Vitro and. the Town to the Bif-
fhop and See of Rome. In token of this Victorie ther ftande
on the Gates of the Town of Vitro, the Armes of Vere, the
Bore and Molette, engraven in Stone.
God fhewid many Miracles for this good Erie Roberte.
Foi. 45. Syr Alphons de Vere Knight, fecund Brother to good Erie
Robert, had by his Wife Jane, Doughter to Syr Richard Fa
llot Knighte, John de Ver Erie of Oxford, Vicecounte Bul-
bek, Lord Samford, and great Chaumbreleyne of England.
This Erie John had to Wife Mawde, the eldeft of the
Doughters and Heires of the Lord Badelefmer.
John had Iffue Ihomas Erie of Oxford, great Chaumbre-
laine etc.
This Thomas had to Wife Maude, Doughter to Maude and
Rafe Ufford Knight, Sunne and Heire to the Erie of Southfolk.

Here was brought in as folowith the Defcent of this Maude
Countes of Oxford.
Henry Duke of Lancaftre, and Maude, Doughter to the
Duke of York, had vi. Doughters.
Maude the firfte Doughter had to her firft Husband William
de Burgo Erie of TJlftere, of whom cam Elifabeth maried to
Lunelle Duke of Claraunce.
This Maude had to her 2. Husband Rafe Ufford, Sunne
and Heire to the Erie of Southfolk, and by this Rafe fhe had
Maude, after maried to Thomas Ver Erie of Oxford.
Blaunche 2. Doughter to Henry Duke of Lancafter and
Maude was maried to the Lord Wake.
Eleanor the 3d. Doughter was maried to the Erie of Arundale,
lfabelle the 4. was Priores of Ambresbvri.
Jane the 5. was maried to the Lord Moubray.
Mary the 6. was maried to the Lord Percy.

Thomas Vere Erie of Oxford afore namid had to Wife Maude,

a Aftar this by Power of God gave the Caftel iSc. St.

I vanquifshid. and

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 43
and had by her Robert Ver Erie of Oxford, Marquife of Duue-
line and- Duke of Ireland. • '
This Robert toke to Wife Philippe Doughter of Ingram
Lord Coucy, Erie of Bedford, and lfabelle Doughter to King
Edwarde the thirde.
Then, cam there a Line in the Petigre from John de Ver Foi. 46.
Erie, and Thomas Erie of Oxford, Father to Robert Ver Duke
of Ireland, having this Writing folowing :
Albrede (Brother to Erie Thomas, and Uncle to Duk Ro
bert,) Erie of Oxford, Great Chaumbrelaine,' Vifcount Bul-
bek, Lord Samford and Badelefmer.
This Albrede had to Wife Alice, Doughtter of John Lord
Fitzwalter. They had Richard Erie of Oxford.
This Richard was maried to Alice, one of the ii. Dough
ters and Heires of Richard Sergeaunt Knight.
This Ricbardhad John Ver Erie of Oxford.
This John toke to Wife Elifiabeth Doughter and Heire to
John Howard Knight.
This John had by Elifiabeth John Erie of Oxford etc.
This laft John Erie of Oxford had to his firft ' Wife Mar
garet Doughter of Richard Neville Erl of Saresbyri. And he
had to his, fecund Wif Elifiabeth Doughter of Richard Scroope
Knight : but he had Iffue by. nother of them.
John Erie of Oxford and Elifiabeth Hawarde had Iffue be-
fide Erie John a Doughter caullid Jane, (maried to Willyam
Norres Knight :) and Syr George Ver Knight.
This George maried Margaret, Doughter and Heir toWilliam
Stafford of Froham, of whom camjohn Veer Erie of Oxford etc.
This John maried Anne, Doughter of Thomas Howard
Duk of Northfolk.
Syr George Vere had Iffue 3. Doughters, wherof Elifiabeth
was maried to Syr Antonie Wingefeld Knighte.
Dorothe was maried to Syr John Neville the Lord Lati-
mers Heir.
Urfiula was maried to zEdw. Knightley.
The laft Line.
Richard Ver Erie of Oxford and Alice Sergeaux had befide
Erie John a Sunne caullid Syr Robert de Ver.
This Robert had to W\fejane, Doughter and Heire to Wa
rine Archedecan Knight, of whom defcendid John Ver.

1 Wife in another Hand. 2 Edmund Kuightley. This

44 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
TY1S John maried Alice one of the 2. Doughters and Heires
of Walter', Kilrington alias Colbroke. They had John late Erie
of Oxford et c.
This Erie John had to Wife Elifiabeth, Doughtter and Heir
of Edward Truffel, Sunne and Heire of William Truffelle
Knight : by whom he had John de Ver Lord Bulbek :
Albry de Ver ;
Robert de Ver ;
Geffray de Ver. Doughters.
Elifiabeth maried to Syr Thomas Darcy.
Anne maried to Edmund Sheffield.
Frauncis maried to Henry Erie of Surrey.
Foi. 47. Ex ]ibro Donationum Monafter. de Kingefiwod.
Gul. de Barkeley dedit Abbatia de Tinterne Kinggefwood
ad fundandam ibi Abbatiam.
Hit de Kingefwood emerunt Hafeldene a Dno de S. Jo
anne, cut rex banc terram tempore «. boftilitatis. nam erat Re
ginald, de S. Walerico.
Reginaldus de S. Walerico fuis reftitutus terris abegit mo
nachos de Hafeldene. Pojlea autem recepit eos, tS pars major
conventus de Kinggefwood fi tranflata eft ad Hafelden.
Pojlea propter aqua penuriam Reg. de S. Walerico tranftu-
lit eos ab Hafelden ad Tettebyri.
Rogerus Barkeley filius Gul.Rerkeley conabatur aut reducere
monachos de Tettebyri ad Kingefwood, aut Kingefwood eis
auferre tanquam fiuum fundum.
Barnardus de S. Walerico fundaior ecclefia de Tettebyri
emit Mireford frope Kingefwod a Rogero Barkeley, & eo,
quia Tettebyri ligni copia carebat, monachos tranftulit.
Reg. Barkeley dedit manerium fiuum de Acholte monafter. S.
Maria: de Kingefwod.
Henricus Lovel teftis.
Robertus de Berkeley filius Roberti de Berkeley.
Philippus & Olivarius fratres Kohertijunioris.
Teftis Rogerus Comes Herford.

Hawifia uxor Dni de Veel.
Nicolaus Kingefton miles.

ic Adde dederat, vel quid ftmile. fi Tranflatus MS. Charta

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 4S
Charta Matildis de Veel uxoris Gaufridi de Veel.
Robertus de Veel filius Gaufridi.
Gaufride de Wrokefhal miles.
Joannes Chanfy miles.
Petrus de Veel miles.
Joannes deWelington miles.
Thomas de Veel miles filius Petri.
* Gul; de Bradelega. *
Duddelegh pratum.
Manerium de Hakesbyri.
Maner iam de Acholt, alias Kingefwood.
Thomas de S. Walerico Bernardi filius.
Robertus de la Mare. Bitnes
Charta abbatis de Bethlefden de terra in villa Chirington. eFol. 4S.
Joannes de Warimunde. . '
Ifabella de LongO-campo, uxor Gaufredi de Longo-campo,
filia Henrici de Mineriis.
Reginaldus de Breufe.
Gul. Butevilayne.
Humfredus de Bohun comes Herford, & conftabularius Angl.
Elizabeth de Gamages.
Walterus de Effelega.
Humfridus * de Barre.
Humfredus Bohun comes Herford & Eflex.
Gul. de Breufe.
Gul. de Breufe junior.
Richardus de Breufe filius Gul.
Petrus de Brufe filius Gul.
Aldulphus deTettebyri.
Rogerus Hereuard.
Henricus le Moyne.
Richardus Paffelew.
Joannes de Breufe.
Thomas de Planca.
Petrus de Iwelege. ,

« L. Gul. de Bradelega. Hugo de Bradelega. Duddelegh
pratum. &c. fi £{u# hoc in folio continentur omifit St,

i Hugo de Bradelega Between Gul. de Bradeteja and Duddelegh Pratum, t le
Barre,
Ro-

46 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Rogerus filius Philippi de Berkeley.
Robertus filius Nigelli.
Calicote villa.
Simon de Olpenne.
Henricus Berkeley DnT de Durfley.
Manafferus de Haftinges.
Delabere.Robertus de Rochefort. Genealogia Berchelegorum.
Foi. aq Hardingus ex regia profapia regni Daciae oriundus fuit in
Genealogia. tempore Gul. Conqueftoris, IS <* Briftolliam inhabitavit a".
Dni 1 069. poftea DnT de Berkeley.
An0. D. 1 1 35. tempore Stephani regis Robertus filius Har-
dingi genuit ex Eva fponfcc fiua quatuor filios, videlicet Mauri-
tium de Barkeley, Robertum de Wer, Nicolaum de Tiken-
ham, & Thomam archidiaconum Wigornienfem An". D. 113$.
An0- D. 1148. 3. Idus Apr. die videlicet Paficha, fundatio
monafter. S. Auguftini Briftoll, & congregdtio fratrum ejufdem'
per Dum Robertum filium Hardingi praditli .
An". D. 1 1 70. die S. Agathae virginis obiit Ds. Robertus
filius Hardingi, miles, iS cananicus, ac fundator monafter. S.
Auguftini Briftolliae.
Mauritius primogenitus Roberti filii Hardingi ex Alicia
fiponfia, filia Rogeri de Durflegh, fi iS" genuit Robertum,
Thomam, iS A4auritium.
Robertus primog. Mauritii habuit duas uxores, videlicet Lu-
ciam iS y Lucianam, & obiit fine herede de fie exeunte, iS fie
deficendit hereditas Thomae fratri fiua.
Thomas accepit in ux. Ifabellam canfianguineam regis Joan
nis, tS ex ea genuit Mauritium, Thomam & Robertum.
Ifle rex Joannes habuit fratrem juniorem, ficilicet Richardum
comitem Cornubiae, regem Hierufalem ac regem Alemannias,
qui fuit pater Ifahellse pradicla, qui fundavit 4. Abbatias, fici
licet Afcheruge, Hailes, IS 2. alias.
Mauritius primogenitus occifius erat apud Killingeworrh.
Thomas firater ejus fiuccefftt ei, & accepit in ux. Joannam
filiam comitis de Ferreres, iS genuit ex ea Mauritium, Thomam,
Joannem & Jacobum.
Mauritius primogenitus Thomas accepit in ux. filiam Ivonis

k Briftollia St. fi Dele, y Julianam .apud Dugdalium
de Baronibus Angliae> Tom. I. p. 352. quern videfis. Dni.

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 47
Dm. de la Zouche, & genuit ex ea Thomam, Mauritium,
Joannem, Yvonem iS Petrum.
Thomas primogenitus Mauritii accepit in ux. Margaretam, Thomas
filiam Rogeri de Mortimer, comitis de la Marche, ZS genuit^ fetu!'"s
exea Mauritium, Thomam^ Robertum. Mortua » veroMar-"^
gareta Thomas pradiilus accepit in ux. Dominam qua quondam
uxor Petri le Veel.
Mauritius de Berkeley primogenitus Thomas accepit in ux. Foi. 50;
Elifabeth, filiam Hugonis de Spenfer, IS genuit ex ea Tho
mam, Jacobum IS Joannem. Obiit 6. Idus Jun. a°.D.i^^g.
Thomas primogenitus Mauritii accepit in ux. Margaretam,
filiam Wareni le Lifle, iS genuit ex ea filiam unam nomine
Elifabeth, quam Richardus filius comitis de 2 Warwick accepit
in uxorem.
Jacobus filius Jacobi ,filii Mauritii, fuccejfit Thomx,ZS accepit
in uxorem Ifabellam, filiam ducis Northfolcias, tS habuit ex ea
quatuor filios, Gulielmum, Jacobum, Mauritium & Thomam.
An". .0.134.7. aie Martis 3. Cal. Jun. D. Thomas de Berke
ley defponfiavit Dnn. Catarinam, nuper confiortem D'. Petri
0
le Veele, filiam D>. Joannis deClifden apud Charfeld.
An". Dm. 1348. 7. die Jun. in Fefto Tran. S. Wolftani
epifcopi natus eft Thomas filius preeditli D>. Thomas ac Ca-
tarirtas apud Berkeley, quern Wolftanus epifiopus Wigom. 4.
a Nativitate die baptlxavit.
An". D. 1349. 27. die Maii natus eft Mauritius praditli
Thomas & Catarinx filius apud Berkeley.
An. D. 1350. 10. die menfiis Julii natus eft Edmundus ejuf
dem Thomas cS Catarinae filius.
An". D. 1351. « 21°. Januar. natus eft Joannes praditli
Thomas IS Catarinas filius apud Wotton Under Egge.
Ther was great Harte Burning betwixt the Lorde Berkeley Foi. 51,
and the Lorde Lifie for the Maner of Wotton Under Egge, in
fo much that they pointid to fight, and meting yn a Medow
at a Place caullid fi Nebley, Berkeley's Archers fodainly fhotte
fore, and the Lord Lifte lifteting up the Vifar of his Helme
was by an Archer of the Foreft of Dene fhotte in at the
Mouth and oute of the Nek : and a few befide beyng flayn

« Sic. fi Kelley St,

1 vero Marga Thomas. 2 Warwik
Vol. 6. G Lifte

48 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Lifie Menne fled : and Berkeley with his Menne ftraite fpoilid
the Maner Place of Wotton, and kepte the Houfe. Berkeley
favorid Henry the 6. Parte. Lifie favorid Edwarde the 4.
Berkeley to wyn after Kinge Eduarde's good Wylle pro-
mifid to make the Marquife of Dorfiet his Heire : but that
fuccedid not.
Berkeley was ons a fure Frende to King Richardthe 3.
Thus partid Berkeley from his Landes. Firft he was rather
winkid at then forgyven of the Death of the Lord Lifie.
And he beyng withoute Heires his Brother folde and dyd bar-
gen for his owne Sunne, Heire apparent to the Landes.
Wherapon Lord Berkeley in a Rage made King Henry the 7.
his Heire for [mofte of his Lands,] and after was made a
Marquife, and lyeth buried in the Auguftine Freres in
London. Ex libro quodam Edindonenfts monafterii.
H$uinto Non. Jul. primo jatlatum fuit fiundamentum domus
five monafterii de Edindone, a". D. 1352.
Decimo J'exto Cal. Oclobr. fuit prima tonfura fratrum mo
nafterii pradicli, an". D'. 1358.
Ecclefia conventualis de Edyndon dedicata fuit a Roberto
Weyvile epijcopo Sarum in honore Jacobi Apoftoli, Si Catarinas,
iS omnium Sanclorum a". Di. 1 36 1°.
Octavo Id. OcSobr. Gul. de Edyndone Wintonienfis epifco-
pus fundator monafter. pradicli obiit a°. D. 1366.
Infcript. portas de Thornbyri.
This Gate was begon in the yere of our Lord God 1 5 1 1 . the
2. yere of the Reigne of King Henry the 8. by me Edwarde
Duke of Bukkingham, Erie of Hereford, Stafforde, and
Northampton. The Dukes Worde :
Dorene fiavant.
Foi. 52. Ex Charta de limitibus Foreftae de Blakemore
in comitatu Dorfete,
Extendit fie verfus boream ad Weftebridg pontem prope Shir
burne : iS ab eodem ponte verfus occidentem iS auftrum ad
villam de Yatminftre, iS ab ea verfus auftrum ad villam de
Everfhitte, iS ab ea verfus orient em ad villam de Cerne, iS ab

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 49
iS ab ea verjus orientem ad villam de Midleton, iS ab ea
Iferfius boream ad villam de Stourminfter Caftelle, iS ab ea ver-
fius occidentem ad villam de « Candelpurs, iS ab ea ufique ad
villam de Heydon verfus occidentem ufque ad pradidum pon-
tem de Wefte-Bridge. '
Henrici 2'. tempore forefta de Blakemore pro majori parte
deforeftata. Sequent! tempore iota deforeftata.
«¦ Perambulatio Foreftae de Blakemore per hos
Nobiles facia a°. Edwardi regis 28.
Gilbertus Knoille. Joannes Gilberte.
Humfredus de Walden. Joannes MawbaT
Feodati in Forefta :
Walterus de la Linde. Richardus le Gau, Richardus Brutte.
Walterus Thorhhull. Rogerus Plumber.
Ex libello de Inquifitione Foreftae de Gillingham
a". 6, Edwardi Secundi.
Nomina Nobiliumjuratorum. Richar- The Forefte of Gillingham,
dus de Mannefton. Jacobus de Trow, as it is now, is a 4. Miles in
Ingelramus Waleys. Joannes de Per- Lenghth, and a Mile or ther
ham. Gul. de Godemefton, milites. aboute yn Bredthe.
Walterus deWilton. Rogerus Plumber.
Gu. deWefton. Joannes de Fifflude. Mattheus Buffe. Gul. de u
Camera. Thomas deHaddon. Joannes Marcelle. RogerusAn-
ketil. Gul. _/?//«« Pagani. Gul. de S. Quintino.
Gilbertus Knoile dwellyd at Samfiord V illage by Shirburne,
and the Name yet ther poffeflith the Lande.
Gilbertes dwellyd by Camallate, and yet doth.
Mawbankes dwellyd at Clifton 3. Miles from Shirburne,
Wher now Syr John Horfiey Heire to them in Defcent dwel
lithe. Delalinde dwellyd at Herteley 2. Miles from Ceren Abbay,
and yet it is yn theyr Name.
« Defunt in St. ufique ad, Ex libello de Inquifitione Foreftae
de Gillingham &c.

I Caundelpurs,
RU

50 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Richardus Brut dwellyd at Folke 2. Miles from Shirburne.
and yet do.
Tharnehul dwellid at Tharnehul yn Staplebridg, and yet
dothe.
Foi. 53. Plumbers Landes be cum onto the Bonehomes of Hafilbyri.
They dwellyd at Plumbers in Lidlinche a Mile from Tharnehul.
Mannefton, alias Manfton, dwellid at Mannefton 2. Miles
byneth Stourminfter on the lifte Ripe of Stowre. Liate hath
now that Lande. It is almoft a 100. //. by Yere.
Weftons dwellid at Weftefiun in the Paroche of Staplebridge,
and yet do.
Haddons dwellyd at Bisfeops Caundel. Caines of Devon
feire hath it.
Anketilles dwellid hard by shafitesbyri under the Hille.
they et poffe it yet^
Antioche dwellyd or had Lande yn Staple Bridge Paroche :
and there is Antioch Wood. His Landes cam to Chidioke, and
from hym onto Greate Arundel of fi Cornehul and the Stour-
tons Lordes by Partition.
Nobiles in Dorfietania tempore Henrici 2. regis Angl.

Humfredus Staford chevalier.
Joannes Chidiok chevalier.
Thomas Beauchamp chevalier.
Joannes Latimer armiger.

Radulphus Buffche armiger,
Joannes Hering.
Joannes Newburge.
Joannes de la Linde. .

y Ex libello de feodis Nobilium in Dorfietania.

Edward Broke.
Thomas Carew.
Guil. Bonville.
More.Andrew Peverel.
Stephane Popham.
Walter Cheverel.
John Roger.
Jacobus Ormonde miles.
Gul. Browning de Melbyri.
Foi. 54. . Chidiok dwellid by Byrporte at Chidick, and there is a Ca-

Richard Lemington.
Henry Percy.
Tame.
Filolle. Guil. Bowelle.
Fitzhugh.
Beynton.Camwelle.
Hungreforde.

f « Pofefe St. fi Cornewall St. y Excerptum ifthoc defide-
ratur in St. ftelle

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 5»
ftelle or a fair Houfe that from chidiok cam to Great Arun-
delle inPartition. And the Chidiokes dwelt fumtyme at Cawn-
del. This Maner Place is now the Lorde Stourtons by Par
tition of Landes bytwixte Arundale and hym of Chidiokes
Heires. Mannefton and Melcombe 2. ofthe faireft Lordes of Dorfiet-
feir that hath beene yn meane Mennes Handes.
Melcombe is aboute a hunderith //.
by the Yere. It is a 2. Miles from Bruning and Cerne wher the
Cerne. It was the olde Inheritaunce of aunciente Lordes of Mel-
theTurgefis, The lafte Turgefe x,f combe. Bruning had a Dough-
Milcombe Doughtier and Heire wasMo- ter and Heire caullid Diony-
ther onto Syr John Horefiey, and he hath fia. Cerne having no Iffue
it by her. There is an olde Maner Place fould his Parte to Turgeis that
ofthe Turgefis at Milcombe. This Lord- maried Dionyfie.
fhip was a 3. Defcentes in Turges Name.
Akfiorde Fitzpayne a goodly Lorde- The Lord Fitzpayne. Percy
fhip a 2. Miles from Stourminftre, and Erie of Northumbreland was
a Mile from Stoure Ryver. There is a Heire ' to Fitzpayne.. Kitfun
Saying that one of the Fitzpaynes for a boute of hym the chief Landes
Trefpafs committid lofte it. of that Name.
Syns it cam to the Percys Erles of
Northumberland, of whom Kitfun the Marchaunte bought it.
Tarente Nunnery of late Dayes ftoode aboute Crayforde
Bridge over Stoure Ryver lower then Blanfcrde.
Verfus Nechami Cirenceftris ad Philippum Reping-
dtuium Leirceftr. Abbatem.
Phi nota fcetoris, lippus malus omnibus horis :
Phi fcetor, lippus, totus malus ergo Philippus,.
Philippi refponfio.
Es niger iS nequam diclus cognomine Necham
Nigrior efie poles, nequior efife nequis.
Milbyri Water rifith yn Milbyry Parke much South 3.
Miles from Clifton Mr. Horefeys Houfe, and a Quarter of
a Mile from Clifton beneth it as the Streame goyth down it
cummith into Ivel or Clifton Water per finiftram ripam that
cummithe from Shirburne.
From Shirburne to Clifton 3. Miles.
From Shirburne on lvel 3. From Ivel onto Ilchrfter 3.
good Miles.

to Fyzpayne, Bridges

52 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Bridges on Ivel Ryver.
Bradefiord Bridge of Stone a litle above Bradefiorde about a
Mile from Clifton in the High- Way to Shirbourne.
^"/Br!?se ^"^ Bridge of 3. fair Stone Arches not far from Ivel Mar-
Way from 'cet- Then llchefter Bridge of Stone.
London to Stafforde a Stone Bridge on Milbyri Water aboute half a
£«$/?«-. Mile above the Confluence of [it withe Ivell.]
N. B. The Toune felf of Silchefter .„ -„
« Silchefter with a Wall of withyn the Shire of Hampton,
x Out of Mr. Stowe 's Tranfcript. See Mr. HearneV Ety
mology of Silchefter in his Account of fiome Antiquities between
Windfor and Oxford at the End of the $th. Vol. of Leland's
Itin. p. 155. See a further Account of this Place in Dr. Stu-
keley'j Itin. p. 1 69. to which Account Mr. Hearne in his
Coll. MSS. Vol. 143. p. 74. has added the following Particu
lar s,which. he fays, he had from Mr. Loveday Oclobr. 1 5th. 1 734.
" Some of the Layers of Rag-Stone are not laid flat
" but fhelving. J. L.
" The Houfe juft by the Caftle is called the Caftle Farm.
" The Caftle ftands in Mortimer Parifh.
" There feem to have been two Entrances to the Caftle op-
" pofite to one another.
" In the North Field at Silchefter was found a large Stone
" on which was the following Infcription,
1VLL£*AVG
^ .• i '•¦ "T- S, A i " '?"• ?> S'"
* V- -'¦ i ti i\ .S, %,?X-J
NATVS ET
CASTROR
•M* SAB1NVS
VICTOR >+OB
See alfo Mr. Hearne'.* Coll. MSS. Vol. 50. p. 108. fi A mai-
nu Buttoni.
* Augufbe Matri. + Obtulit. So Roger Gale interprets it.
' iV. B. The following Foi. which Mr. Hearne in his Edition (Vol. 6. p.4i.)
tells us is here wanting, was printed by him in his Eighth Vol. foi. tg. but we
have here infeiled it in its proper Place, as appears from Mr. Stowe. and

LELAND'S ITINERARY. „
I ffolkeTsTv^f -,°f h' " dWfth St°ne ab°Ut 2' Mile^Compas
pJZ A ^uS °^m°re fr0m with 4- Gates. On that wail
Radmge and conteyn.th 3.Feeldes, be- grow fome Okes of 10 Car
flace&a?dTeChab0l,Ut ^ ¥**? ^oade the Pece. The GrounJ
holewfhvnth^W H fothat,the witWn the Wall is allmofte
SrATrl 7 Sf aUlle n°nteymth a levile with the^me Wall,
fi™7h *J: ^ 1S °nC firaUpS thlnS which Wall without is in fome
feen ther that in certen Partes of the Place 6. or 7. Fote hie
Ground withyn theWaulles the Come Within theWal is one vtme
is mervelus faire to the Yee, and ready Howfe.andaPariche Churche
to^lhew Perfedure it decayith. The the Houfes whereof ftand
Lordfhip yn hole with that that liyth without the Wall"
withowt the Waulles is a 37. //. by the
Yere. This Lande after the Conqueft cam to one Blueth : and
then one of the Bloethes levyng no Sunnes the Lande not en-
Generale
t#,t0 tht Heyre « Ma . . ." cam by Mariage to one Peter
de LuJance Knight : and after to one Edmunde Baynard cum-
myng owt of the Houfe of the Baynardes of Eftfax whos
Name is now there obfcurid.
The Landes of the Baynardes of Eftfax be now cum to
Heyres Generales, and the name almoft .......
The Landes of the B/uethes entaylid to Heyre Male cf that
Name yet remaynyng yn Devonfeire 
Leccham longgid to Blueth .......
arde as his principale How . . .
There remainith yet the Name of a Manor Place in Glo-
Merfeir caullid Felton, and the Owner of it bare the fame m» of
Name and was a Noble Man of Warre, and one of the Band Fel"»-
of Chaundoys. I think that this is the Felton that the French
Booke caullid Scala Chronicha fpekith of whom a Lady Heyre
to the Clares Erles of Gloceftre toke to her fecunde husband
per amours.
Mr. Sulmo told me that fi ' Malcolm foundith in Latine filius
Columbani ; Columguile Columbani injula ; Obrin filius Birini ¦
Neele Nigellus.

a F. Male. This word is omitted in Stowe ; but he retains
Generale that is over the Line, fi Leg. Maccolm.

Maccolm, Mr.

54 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
SigatiRy Mi\ John- Pointz or Pontz told me that the Hedde of Ri-
mrth Fo- iate an(l Becheworth Water is yn the Foreft of Worth. And
reft. that about Becheworth there is a conftuentia by a nother Ry
veret.
Foi. 56. The firft Nobilitating of the Barkeleis of Heron was about
Berkeley. the tyme of Henry the firfte or fecunde. And then bare they
Fit* Hard- not {{jg name of Barkeley, but i^Vz Harding, wherof one
'hg' namid Robert was a Noble-man. And in Proceffe the Fiti-
hardinges maried with the Heyres Generales of Barkeley of
Dourefley : and fo the Name of Barkeleys was taken of them
and continuid.
The Name of Pointz, otherwife of fum written Pontz, is
very auncient, and fuppofid to be one of them that cam yn
with William Conqueror, or ftraite apon the Cbnquefte. The
Name of Pontz is fpoken of emong the Names of certen
Noble-men that denied in Edwarde the firft Dayes in open
Parlament the Requeft of a Bisfhop of Rome that faide
that though the King wold they wold not g'raunt no fuch
Requeft. The eldeft of. the Pontz that I can here of dwellid in Dor-
fetjbire at a Place caullid Sutton. * [Dyvers of them lay in]
a Monafterie thereby. The laft, as I here, of * this Pontz of
Sutton was caullid Nicolas, and he dying without Iffue Male
the Landes by Heyres Generales cam to Newborow and Fiiz-
james, Weftern Men, ii. Partes to Newborow and one to ,
Fitzjames. henry Lord Marney maried the Doughter and Heyre of
Newborow. Heny Sunne died leving ii. Doughtters. Rad-
clifi yonger Sunne to the Erie of Southfiax mariid the one,
and fhortely died withowte Iffue, and then the Lorde Thomas
Howard maried her.
Poyninges maried the other.
Pontz of Gloceftre cam owte of a Houfe of a Youngger
Brother of Sutton Pontz : and they had by Heire General of
one Fitz Nicol or Nicolas a yongger Sunne of one of the
Barkeleys a goodly Lordfhip caullid Hulle, and communely
Hille, ftanding on the hither Ripe of Severne. This Lorde
fhip was gyven owte of the Berkeleys Landes.
And they had after by Heyres Generales of Aclon the

1 [Dyvers of them} lay in a. 2 thes Pontz. Lorde-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 55
Lordelhip of Afton. » [Aclon of Wiceftrefeire * cummith of AHome.
The Ryver of Luye cummith by North from Wormeley Foi. 77.
Toun 3. Miles above Waultham, and rennith almoft flatL'9"Rivew
South to the Tamife agayne Wolwiche.
, The firft Arme that breketh owt by Weft of the mayne
Streame ys a Mile lower then Wormeley, but in that Paroch,
and is caullid Wormeley Lokke, and rennith by Chefton Nun
nery and Paroche ftonding on the Weft Side of this Arme.
Arme
And oute of this Streame breketh a litle beneth Chefton
Nunnery an Arme caullid the Shere Lake, becaufe that mere
it devidith Eftfax and Hertfordfeire ¦¦ and in the lenght of one
Medow caullid Frithey this Lake or Arme rennith not but
atgreatFluddes, and meathith again with a Socour of Diche
Water at a Place caullith ^Hokkefidiche half a Mile from his firft
Breking oute ; and 3 halfe a Mile farther at North Marfche
Point jSmeath againe with tharme that it cam out of. Thens
cummith the firft Arme to Smawley Bridge on Waultham
Caufey the firft Brid Weftwarde, and half a Mile lower at
the Corner of Ramey Mede metith with the Kinges Streame
and principal of Luye.
The fecunde principal Arme Weftward brekith owte of Cfo/?»«Nun-
Kinges Streame at a Hammelet caullid Halifeld half- a Mile ™w ^le-
lower then Cheftun Nunnery, and fo to the Fulling Mylle, ^Itham
and thens to the 2. Bridg by Weft of the Kinges Streame, Abbay.
and a Stone Cafte lower at a Place caullid Malkins Schelfi
into the Kinges Streame.
Here marke that Chefton Men and
Hartfordfeire Men fay that the Kinges There be a - 7. or viii.
Streame at Waultham partith Herth- Bridges in the Toune of Wal-
fordfeir and Eftfax. But Eftfax Men tham. For there be divers
by Foreft Charter claime Shire Grounde Socours of Streamelettes brek-
of Eftfax to Smaulley Bridge. ing out of the thre principalle
On the Efte fide ofthe Kinges Streame Partes of Luye Ryver.
brekith oute but one principal Arme at
Halifeld 3. Quarters of a Mile above Waultham, and fo goith
to the Corne Mille in Waltham, and then to the Kinges

a Here feveral things are wanting in Stowe. fi Metithe St,

I AiWofWiceftrelhire cummith of without a Crotchet.' % Hokefdiche. 5 half.
Vol. 6. H Streame

Foi. eg.
Winchelcfey.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Streame agayne a Coyte or Stone Caft beneth the Ki.
Bridge. The olde Toune of Winchelefiey of a vi. or 7. yeres toge
ther felle to a very foore and manifeft Ruine, be reafon of
olde Rages of the Se, and totally in the tyme of the afore
fayde vi. or 7. yeres.
In the fpace of thefe aforefayde Yeres the People of Win
chelefiey made fute to Kyng Edwarde the firft for Remedy and
a new Plot to fet them a Toun on.
Whereapon the King fent thither John Kirkeby Bisfhop of
Ely and Treaforer of England, and vewid a Plot to make
the new Toune of Winchelefiey on, the wich was at that tyme
a Ground wher Conies partely did reforte. Syr John Tregofe
a Knight was the chief Owner of it, and one Maurice and
Bataille Abbay. The King compoundid with them : and
fo was there vii. fcore and tenne Acres limited to the new
Toune. whereof part is in the King Mede withoute the
Toune, and part in Hangging of the Hille.
Then in the tyme of the Yere aforefayde the King fet to
his Help in beginning and waulling New Winchelefiey : and
fhe Inhabitantes of Olde Winchelefiey tooke by a litle and a
litle and buildid at the new Towne. So that withyn the
vi. or vii. Yere afore expfelhd the new Towne was metely
welle furnifhid, and dayly after for a few yeres encreafid.
But or xx. Yeres were expired from the beginning of the
Building of New Winchelefiey it was twife enterid by Enemies,
firft by Frenchemen, that did much hurt in the Toune, and
fecundarily by the Spaniards, that enterid by night at Fare-
ley aboute the midle way betwixt Winchelefiey and Haftinges.
At this Invafion the Towne of Winchelefiey was fore fpoyled,
Miles 'from and fcant fyns cam ynto the priftine ftate of Welth. For
Wmcbtkfey. tne cornmune Voyce is that at that tyme wer xx. Aldremen
yn the Toune Marchauntes of good Subftaunce.
In the Toune as withyn the Walles be 2. Paroche Chirches,
and there were 2. Colleges of Freres.
There is a litle withowt the Toune a Paroche Chirch : but
that longith to the Liberte of Haftinges.
The Name of the Finches hath beene of auncient tyme in
Eftimation in Southfax about Winchelefiey, and be al likely
hod rofe by fum notable Marchaunte of Winchelefiey. For it ,
is * written that Alarde and Finche Hereberte were Capitaines

Farclcy
wher the
Hygh Ste
pie is 3

Foi.
tfincbe.

59'

in

LELAND'S ITINERARY. sr
in the » Batel of Trade, and that Finche was fore woundid
there. The Finches that be now fay that theire propre Name is
Hereberte : and that with Mariage of the Finche Heyre they
tooke Finches Name and were caullid Finche Herebert, join
ing booth Names. One Vincent Finch in Henry the 4.
Dayes recoverid of the King by a Sute the Manor of
 by Winchelefiey Quarters.
Alarde of Winchelefiey was a Man of Eftimation, and lyith
buried yn Winchelefiey.
Oxenbridge of Southfiax is Heire by Defcente to this Alarde,
and berith his Armes.
Mr. Paynela Gentilman of * Boftpn tolde me that fyns that
Bofton of old tyme at the great famofe Fair there kept was
brent that fcant fyns it ever cam to the old Glory and Riches
that it had : yet fins hath it beene manyfold richer then it is
now. , The Staple and the Stiliard Houfes yet there remayne :
but the Stiliard is litle or nothing at alle occupied.
There were iiii. Colleges of Freres Marchauntes of the
Stiliard cumming by all Partes by Eft were wont greatly to
haunt Bofton : and the Gray Freres toke them yn a manor
for Founders of their Houfe, and many Efterlinges were bu
ried there.
In the Blake Freres lay one of the Noble Huntingfieldes,
and was a late taken up hole, and a leaden Bulle of Innocen-
tius Bisfhop of Rome about his Nek.
Ther lay alfo in the Gray Freres fi of the Mountevil'es
yGentiiman, and a vi. or vii. of the Withams Gentilmen alfo.
There remainith at Bofton a Manor Place of the Tilneys by
their Name: and one ofthem began the great Steple in
Bofton. It is from Bofton to the Sandes of the Wafcbe a 6. Miles : Foi. 6».
and then by the Sandes and the Salt Gutte a xii. and thens
agayne vi. to Lynne.
The Haven of Waynfiet enterith into the Lande by a Creeke
a . . . Miles, and after that it hath enterid a pratye way it
caftith out crofie of eche fide of the Creeke, but not farre,

a Batel of Trade,] SicinAutogr. fiSic. y Gentlemen S;.

1 Bofton in the Margin,
H 2 an

58

Crumivelk.

Cbaundois.

Much of
ChaundoisLand Jay in
Fraunce.
PonsbyriCollege.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
an Armelet into the Fennes, and makith a litle Morifch Lake
at the But Hed of it.
Paynel fayeth that the Lord ....... Crumwelle buildid
a Peace of Maxey Cfcftelle by Deping.
There is a certen Feode paid at Bofton caullid Crumwelles
Fee. One of the Cromwelles buildid a preaty Turret caullid the
Tour of the Moore. And thereby he made a faire great Pondg.
or Lake brikid about. The Lake is communely caullid the
Synkker. « Kirton berith the Name of the  or a Wapen
take of Low Holand.
Painel told me that his Name is written in Latine Paga-
nellus, and that the chief of his Auncetors in tymes pafte
were Lordes of Tikhille Caftelle and Bullingbrooke and New
port Painelle, with divers other Lordfhippes bering their Names.
O/dbeche in Holand otherwife caullid Oldbek.
Mr. Bridges of Barkefeire told me that Syr John of Bridges
of Gloceftre hath a right goodly Lordfhip by Defcent of Iffue
Generalle that fumtime was -Chaundois the Noble Warrior.
It is caullid Lugwarde aDon Lug Ryver not far from Here
ford Weft.
Brigges one of the Officers of the Kinges Houfefold told
me that Mafter Poole of Staffordfeir hath a Lordfhip bering
the Name of Chandoys : and that he gevith his Armes.
Mr. John Pointz told me that Froffart faieth that Chaun
doys died leving no Childern.
Remembre that where I writ that Ponsbyri ftoode apon Se
verne Ryver that it be fet a 3. Miles of of it.

B=>

fi In Bibl. Prsed. Londini.

Richardus Recitatio quorundam Opinabilium fine affertione compilata per
Winkek, Fratrem Richardum de Winkele. Juftum volumen. He was
fcriptor. a Queftionifte both yn Philofophie and Divinite".
"Trent Ryver Ther is a Place in Dorjetfeire caullid Pidel Trent : wherby
m^"' ^ 's ?'et eafy to Perceyve 'i*3' the Name of Trent Riyer that
Marianus Scotus fpekith of yet remainith, but it communely
caullid Pideltrent.
One of the Pomereis of Devonfeiire long fyns loft the moft

Foi. 61.
Fernery.

u Defiant in St. ufique ad, Remembre that where I writ that
Ponsbyri iSc. fi Defiderantur in St. ufque ad Ther is a
Place iSc. part

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 59
part of his Enheritance by killing a Meffanger or Herald fent
from the King of England onto hym. At that tyme Pomerey
was Lord of Tremington, alias Tremerton, Caftelle in Corne-
wale, and of the Caftelle of the Monte of S. Michael yn
Cornewale, and of the Lordfhip of Tamarton.
Pomery of  told me that Pomereis were ons
Lordes of Bever Caftel that the Lord Rofe hath now.
A ii. Defcentes from Pomery now Lord of Byri there were
3. Pomereis ("Brothers) of Byry, and the 2. yongger ofthem
was providid for and indewed with Landes.
Sopham is but a Toune of one Paroche ; but it is one ofSol'ham a
the quikkeft Markettes of al Northfolk. It longith to the^"^
Richemont Feode, and is but 3. Miles from Caftel-Acre. It
ftondith much by handy Crafte Men, and byers, of Grayne.
The Toune lakkith Ryver Water. For Caftel Acre River
is next onto it. In the Toune be many Welles, and that of
a great Depe.
Pyknam, . Wade and Licheham, and many Villages * ther be
of the Privilege and Liberte of Sopham Fee.
The Ruines of a few Peaces of the Waulles of Storford
Caftel in Hertford/hire, and the Dungeon Hille yet appere
in the very farther Ende of Storfiorde Towne hard apon the
Ryver. The Bisfhopes Prifon there, as I here fay, is no part of
the Caftelle.
The Bisfhopes of London of auncient tyme lay fumtyme
at a Maner of theirs by Bedenhaule Grene, caullid Bisfeops
Haulle, the old dyning Haul wherof Bisfhop Fitzjames pullid
doune. Doctor Day told me that the Poete that gave Mony for "S^4
making of Verfis to an Imperour gave it to Julius Cafar and
not to Auguftus. If it be fo I muft amend my Epigramme -^l
of it.
Mr. Ferrares told me that Gower the Juge could not be «^g
the Man that write the Bookes yn Englifch. For he faid
that Gower the Juge was about Edward the Secundes tyme.
The Gray Freres in Newcqftel of the Foi. 62.
Cairluelles Foundation, originally Mar- The Landes of Scotte of
cbauntes of the faine Toun and after Newcaftelle cam by Dough-
Men of Land. Tne Thirgilles of the ters to Heron of Ford, to Den-

1 therby be.

Wold

60 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
ton and to  Wold of Torkfeir have now by Heyre
Affchet Caftelle now almoft

now
doune by Felton was Scottes.
. The Waulles of Newcaftel
wer performid tempore Ed
wardi 3.
S. Nicolas the chief Paroch
Chirche of Newcaftelle ftand
ith on the very Pi tie Waulle.
The Beginning of thefe
Scottes was be Marchaundice.
The Advancimcnt of Lume-
ley to be Lord was by Mariage
ofa Baftard Doughter of King
Edwarde 4.
Thomas Lumeley after Lorde
Lumeley flew in the Diche of

Generalles Cairluelles Landes.

The Blake Freres of the Foundation
of Syr Peter and Syr Nicolas Scottes Fa
ther and Sun Knightes boothe. But the'
Site of the Howfe was gyven by 3.
Sifters. The White Freres ofthe Foundation
of Thorton, firft a Marchante and then
a landid Man. The Landes of Thorton
be ' defcendid to the Lord Lumeley. So
that almoft al the faire Landes that
a Lomeley cam by this Thorton. Witton
in Northumbreland, and the Ifle in the
Bisfhoprik, and alfo Lulworth were
Thortons.

Windfor fi Caftelle  The Auguftines_ foundid by the Lord
Baftard to riche

ThorntonThorneton, Ihomton Mayre of Newcaftel
borne yn Witton. He purcha-
cid 800. Marke Land, and died
wonderful riche. Sum fay by
Prices of Sylver Owre taken
on the Se. egge, aboute a Myle

EdmundGryme.

Bughy Mar
ket.

Rofe. In this Houfe be 3. or 4. faire
Toures. The Crofie Freres alias Walknolle of
the Foundation of Laurence Aclon fum
tyme Mayre of Newcaftelle.
The Aclons Landes cam joyntely
with the Thorntons to Lomeley.
The College of Lingefield in Sotherey
from Sterborow Caftelle. It is in a Pa
roche Chirche and of the Foundation of one ofthe Cobhams.
Sum of the Cobhams ly buried there.
Edmunde Grime, Croile-Berer to Thomas Beket, did write
the Life of hym. Mr. Sulmo had the Booke.
There appere certen Dikis at Newport Panelle 3 in Boking-
bamfeire by the Chirche, as there had bene a Caftelle.
There appere likewyfe Ruines of a Caftelle, or a notable
Place, in the Lord Souches Park yn Northamptonjbir.
There appere certen Diches at Rugby, the Market Towne

u Sic. fi So both in the Orig. and Stowe. It feouldbe read,
Caftelle Giles Thornton iSc. See Dugdale's Baronage, Vol.
III. p. 176.

I dilccndid. 2 Winddbrc. 3 in Bokinghamlhire a manu Burtoni.

in

ICELAND'S ITINERARY, 6x
in Warwikefeire where the Rugbys Gentilmen of Fame dwell
id j emong whom one Syr Henry Rugby was much fpoken of.
The Place thus dichid is yet caullid the Hawle' Place. ' The
Duke of Bukingham a late was Lorde of Rugby Towne
The .chefe Howfes of Albeneys of Northfolk was at Buk- Foi. 6,.
kenham Caftelle and Wimundefeam yn Northfolk, and they Albmey.
held theyr Landes by the Service of the name of Pincerna
Regis-, the which Service yet remainith yn the Heire Gene
rale of the Albaneys.
r^T.hre °f the lafle of the M"neis were thus namid, Guliam,
William and Hughe. This Hugh had 4. Doughtters, wherof,
as I remembre, one was maried to
Dunevet, now communely caullid Kne- , Jns * nard that Taterfeaul
\vet, another to Taterfeaule, ?ad ,ln d'vifion of Albania
Umhaut- \ a nother to Monhaute, and a J^ndf ^ukenhom Caftelle,
nother to Fizalen of South fax. Monthaut Rifing Caftelle, So-
The Name of the Dunevetes, now T? 5a™w Caftelle, Fizalan
caullid Knevetes, cam be al likelihod Arundale-
owt of Cornewale. For ther is a Town caullid Dunevet al
moft on the farther Ripe of Tamar Ryver, and is the chiefe
Towne- of Cornewale. I think the trew Name to be Dune-
heved, i. e. Montanum Caput.
Mr. Sa/»w told me that Ebroicius or Ebroicenfiis is the Foi. 64,
Name that we yn Englifch communely caulle De « <Euve»jr;. Devm"x.
Wherfore I muft emende the Place where I writ Eburovix.
Sot CburobicciS ii funt qui nunc aUoDienfesf ofctmar et
eorum accote,
Mr. Sulmo told me that the olde Erles of Devonfeire was Red-
(deues, the which foundith
yn Latine Rigidus. And he
wfoW ~"~<isofan opinion that the lat- JKeoUeur IS tfgttlftasf,
DeForkbm J ter ufid Name <fc Fortibus n^? ts «StOtt0.
Cof the Erles is but a barba- , J^i!*"*** H** i'*^ (tt
rus £^ Worde exprefnng the French * *f **« Sj/Sggj
M f/^ h^w r ^t one ^aJ^inileE
y ^Mr. Sulmo told me that the Houfe or JReODcuv <Btle of JDetOti
of S. cleres is 0s calleo of a litcl ?0face wags rtjc 6rtt ttjat apycareO
« 77w/2 w^r^r w^zVA are here printed in a Black Letter are
written in a different Hand from Mr. Leland's, and are either
the Additions or Correclions of fome other Antiquary. Mr. Le
land had writ Devereux for De Eureux. fi Apud X. Scripto-
res, col. 1340. n. 50. y Several things are here omitted in
Stowe. cr Mr. Leland had written, a thing of fmawle fame. toljere

62 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
aecnft Stefan, anb he tbinfes xoftete tbete is a Ctyv£ of safote
erh tbe Brft .  ®ier» and ftandlth A/'r HePtam /*• in
' , . , Normandie. W&tC&e l&ibtt <0 OHC Of
*tl)6 tlSonOfg of tbe JDufeoom anu CoftuuS another.
* There be Ruines of an old Caftel caullid ...,-.
about Mr. Peches Houfe yn Kente.
The Parkes and Maner Places of Wifichum and Shoute a-
SmmMh. b°wt Axminftre in Devonfeire wer the Lorde Bonevilles, and
after a Knightes of that Name or ever they cam to the Mar
quife' of Dorfetes Hand.
Syr John Dicons told me that yn digging of a Balke or
Mere yn a Felde longging to the Paroche of Keninghaul in
Northfolk ther were founde a great many Yerthen Pottes yn
order cum cineribus mortuorum.
There apperith at Keninghaule not far from the Duke of
Northfolkes new Place a grete Mote, withyn the Cumpace
whereof there was fumtyme a fair Place, and there the Saying
is that there lay a Quene or fum Grete Lady, and there dyed.
N.B.
Foi. (,,. The chiefeft Houfe of the Villars at this tyme is at Brokesby
in Leyrceftrefeire lower by 4. Miles then Melton on the hi
ther Ripe of Wreke or Eye Ryver. There lye buried in the
Chirch diverfe of the Villars. This Villars is Lorde of Houbye
hard by, fumtyme Parcelle ofthe Bellars Landes. Where alio
is a meane Maner Place..
This Villars is alfo Lord of Coneham in Lindecolnefeire to
ward the Partes of Trent, and there he hath a Maner Place.
This Villars at this tyme is a Man but of a 200. Markes of
Land by the Yere.
There is a mene Gentilman of the Villars about Stanford.
Crompton of London hath a Clofe by Codington in Southerey
* In the Margin is written by one of tbe Purefoys Hand (as
I think) Purefoy of Lutterworth Com. Leyrceftr.  The
Purefoys were Benefaclors to the Church of Lutterworth, as
we may gather from their Arms, viz. Azure, 3. Styrrops Or,
to be feen in the Church. See Burton's Defcription of Leyrcef-
terfhire, p. 188.
N. B. This Leaf which Mr, Hearne in his Edition in a Note Page 48. of
this Volume, fays he has fupply'd from Stowe, (it being fcrn out qf the Original)
we have now fupply'd from the Original printed by him in his firft Part of hit
Eighth Volume, foi, 49. wher

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 63
wher the King buildith. In this Clofe is a Vaine of fine Yerth
to makeMoldes for Goldefmithes and Callers of Metale that
a Loode of it is fold for * a^Croune of Golde. Like Yerth to
this is1 .... ouhd yet in al'Englande.'
One told me that muche of the Waulles "of ' Plafichey Ca-<* pl'JB Ca
ftelle in Eftfax is made and fafcionid of Yerthe. ftle £>*".
Auailey told toe that one of the S taf or des had 700. Marke
Land by. Mariage of a Doughter of Hugh Audeley.
3 Falemouihe is a mere EnglificheW orde: and hathe the Name SValmomb
of many Mouthes of Crekes that be withyn the Haven. Cormv."
Arnulphus, id eft, Aafiilinus.
The Caftelle of Asfeeb'y on Avon a few Miles lower then v Ajhby Ca-
Northampton longgid a late to the Lord Gray of Ruthin Erleff, fj,1"
of Kente', fyns to Cumpton. ' ~
Thorp Watervile Caftelle apon Avon fumwhat lower then
Wndale, .Rokingham Caftelle a latefhrodly pillid by Mr. Radclifi. It
longgith to the King. The Toune of accuftume to the
Prince . . . . . of the be . 
The Lord Wennelok left an Heire General that was maried Fo1- 66»
to aKinnefman of Thomas Scotte, otherwife caxxllid Rother-^^Jf^
ham, Bisfhop of York. He had by her yn Mariage Luton insatte alias
Bedfordfeire, and 3. Hunderith Markes of Landes thereaboute, Rtbtrkm.
and a faire Place within the Paroche of Luton cauliyd So-
merys, the. which Howfe was fumptuufly begon by the Lord
Wennelok, but not finifchid. The Gate Howfe of Brike is
very large and faire. Parte of the Refidew ofthe new Foun
dations be yet feene, and ,part of the Olde Place ftandith yet.
It is fet on a Hill not far from S. Annes Hille, wher the Abbate
of S. Albanes had a litle praty Place.
The Lorde Wenlok had much other Landes that went other
wayes for lak of Heyres Males.
One Scotte, alias Rotherhdm, hath yet the Lordfhip of So-
merrifie. The Toune of Undale in Northamptonjhire is almoft cum-
pacid with Avon Ryver : and there be 2. Briddeges,
There is a greate round Hille as a Bullewark of "Warre yn

k. A manu Burtoni. fi A manu Burtoni, y A manuBur-
tohi.

1 2 croune. 2 not f St. 3 Falemuthe.
Vol. 6. I tha

64 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
the Medes by Northampton Toune, an4 berith the Name
pf Clifford.
The Haringtons had of auncient tyme a faire Manor Place
Tateham. within a Myle of Home Caftelle cawllid Tateham, how in a
manor defolatid.
TymUnd The auncient Caftelle or Manor Place of Stone of the
Caftelle. Tunftalles is a Mile from Horrie Caftelle in Lancafterfeire at
Fyrrelande. The Ryver of Wenning rennith thorough the Towne of
Home Caftelle, and thens refortith into Lane Ryver, and in
fum Place is limes betwixt Yorkfeir and Lancaftre, as I harde.
The Caftelle of Home Caftelle ftandith on a Hide toward
the midle of the Towne.
Fo1. 67. The Ryver that cummith from Coxforda xxv. Miles from
Coxfird a Norwiche rifith Wefte North Wefte.
Blake cL There is, as I hard, a nother Arme ryfing by South that
rions. " refortith to this Arme.
mnfun Ry- The olde Donations of Cbriftes-Chirch in Norwiche caujle
ver. the Ryver that rennith thoroug Norwich Towne Wenfun.
There be Tabelles at Norwiche, Yarnemuth, and Linne,
that teftifie of great Peftilence that hath bene yn thofe
Townes. The hole Cumpace of the Minftre of Chriftes-Chirche was
the Area to Bigotes Caftelle in Norwiche.
Ptdertqn a Market Towne not far from the Caftel of Ham-
dene or Sfoke by Monteacute.
The Bewchamps clayme Title of Fundation to the Colle
giate Chapel of Hamdene. ,
Hamden HiHe is a fpecufa ther to vewe a great Peace of the
[Contrye] therabout.
As I lernjd of Do$or Davelle the Mouthes of Blithe and
Wansbek be litle above 3. Miles diftant one from the other.
And the Grounde betwixt them is of fum caullid Bede-
lingtonjhir. For Bedelington is the Paroch Chirch there, and
fum Hamnjelettfs or Villages long onto it,
The ' Ifle of Coquet ftandith apon a very good Vayne of Se
Coles, and at the Ebbe Men digge in the Shore by the Clives,
and finde very good.
There ly certen Ifles adjoining to Fame Ifleland bigger then
Farne it felf. But in them is no Habitation. Certen bigge
Foules, caullid S . * Cuthbertes Byrdes, brede in them, and
I Ifle 0 Coquet, a Cuthebertes. Puffins,

leland's Itinerary. e*
Puffins, Birdes lefs then Dukkes having grey Fethers like
Dukkes, but withoute paintid Fethers, and a Ring about the
Nek, be found breding ther in the cliffy Rokkes.
N.B. J
The Doughter and Heyre of * Delalandwas weddid to one Foi. 68,
Barkeley a Knight of LeyrceJlerfeire.
The principal Houfe of the Delalandes was at Northe Wi-
tham in Lincolnfeir apon or by Witham Water.
The Place is auncient, fair, and ftronge, and hath goodly
Commoditees aboute it*
One ofthe Barkeleys diyng withbut Iflue Male lefte his Berkley of
owne Enhentaunee to an Heire Male defcending from a wi>«unde.
younger Brother of his Name, and fo it is ftil in the Name. tZr%,L-r~
And the Delalandes Lande went to a Doughter of Barkeleys, the EggVof
as entalid to the Heire Generale. , Rutheiande.
Benifeld Caftel is clene faullen downe to the Grounde. It Ntrthampt.
was never of any great Cumpace. It longgid, as I hard, to the^: * en'f'ld
1 Ba^ingburnes, and after cam to one of the Soucbes.
This Souche hath alfo Gadnor Caftel fumtyme the chefeft Souche of
Howfe ofthe Grayes, wher he now doith muche Gofte. This Derb-I-
Souche is a Man of faire Landes.
The Gentilmen communely caullid Buffeys cam with the De Bujjiu
Conqueror owt of Normandi. fm Buxcm.
Bufifey that was fo greate in King Richard the 2. Dayes,
and was behedid at Brightftor, had his principal Howfe and
Manor Place at Hougheham a 3. Myles from Grantebam.
Bujfes Wife that was behedid at Brigbtftow lyith at Howhe-
bam, and divers of the Bujfes in the fame Paroche Chirch.
Buffey now alive is the V. or vi. in Defcent from great
Bujfey that was behedid, and is the lafte Heir Male of this
Houfe. This Bujfes Doughter and Heire is mariede * on" the Sunne
and Heire of Brightenel of Northamptonfeir.

» L. onto.

1 Delalaad in the Margin. 2 Baflingburne in the Margin.

N. B: This Leaf which Mr. Hearne in his Edition in a Note pag. so. of this
Volume, fays he has fupply'd from Stowe, (.it being wanting In the Original)
we have now fupply'd from the Original pruned by him in hia firft Part of hij
Eighth Volume, foi. iy.
I % The

66 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
The Parr es cam owte of the North of late dayes, and were
enrichid in Nottkamptonjhir by Mariage of one of the Heires
General ofthe Grenes. Byt afore they cam out of the Marches
of Wales.
The Boleynes had a Portion ofthe Grenes Landes.
Vaulx and Parre had the Refidew ........
Foi. 69. The commune Fame is ip R'uthelandefeire that there was
one Rutter, a Man of great Favor with his Prince, that de-
firid to have of Rewarde of hyrp as much Land as he could
ryde over in a Day apon a Horfe of Woodde, and that he
ridde over as much as now is in 'IHutheldndfeire by Arte Ma-
gike, and that he was after fwalowid into the Yerrhe.
Leyland.
This is very like a Lye, and more lykelihod it is that for
Rotherland, or Rutherland, it is fhortely' caullid Rut lande.
* The Erie of Rutheland that is now defcendith, as I lernid,
by the Mother Side from the lafte Duke of Excefter that
SainStliger maried.
Leanminfire Lean minfter in Herefordfeire fo caullid peraventure of
unde. Nunnes in fhe Walfch Speche, and not of a Lion.
Mr. Griff the of Terr e Mone told me that Owen ap Meridiih,
that maried Henry the V, Wife, was taken * at Skirmouch a-
bowte Wigmore, and brought by Syr- Richard Vehan, Graunt-
Father to Great Vehan the Servient at Armes, to Hereforde,
and there behedid and biried.
He told me alfo that Gafipar, Sunne to Owen, lay much
hovering on the Severne See, and durfte not welle land for
Efcryes that were made when he proferid to the Shore. Yet
at the laft he cam fodenly and toke Syr Richard Vehan in his
Howfe, or, as fum fay, in Chepftow Caftelle ; and when
Vehan defired hym to be good to hym, he anfwerid that he
fhould have fuch Favor as he fhewid to Owene his'Father,
and fo caullid his Hedde to be fmitten of.
ec Whereas in the Genealogie of the Erles of Warwike
mention is made of Hanfiaye Lorde, my Chart of Northamp-

ee Deeft haec Seclio in Stoveo.

I at a Skirmouch. tonfeire

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 67
ionjhire fpekith of that Name not far from Ston ., . ...
Owte of a Chronique of the Geftes of England, Foi. 79;
written yn Frenche.
King Ethelftane, Sunne to Edwarde the firfte afore the
Conqueft x by a Berbers Doughter.
Ip the Yere of our Lorde 1 137. Rofeceftre with the Chirch
was hurnid by Mifchaunce of Fier.
In the Yere of our Lord 1219. William the olde Mare-
fcal died.
An". D. 1229. Reinauld de Brayufe dyed, and William his
Sun fiiccedid hym. The which William was taken Prifoner,
and after cam out agayn. trahi
An". D. 1231.. William de Brayufe was betrayed by
Lewelin. An°. D. 1233. Richard le Marefcal fi e Lewelin befegid
the Caftelle of Breknok. receyvid
An". D. \7.ifi>. Humfrede de Boun recutthe Land of Breke
nok by his Wife.
. This fame yere Herebert Fitz Peter died;
An"' D. 1252. Elianor Lady of Breknok died. trahi
An". D. 1260. The Caftelle of Buelth was betrayed.
Brekenok and Excefter Celles toBataille Abbay.
A»°.D. 1262. The Caftel of Keventles was taken on ^.Keventles.
Andreas Day. But Roger Mortimer got it agayne.
An"- 1263. Roger Clifford toke the Bisfhop of Hereforde.
The Barons bette doune Radenor the fame Yere.
Edward toke Huntingdone and the Haye the Morow after
Saincl: David.
An". D. 1266. Humfray Lorde of Breknok died at Beftan
yn the Prifon of Syr y Edwarde.
The Counte of Glocefter toke Garde of Humfray the trew
Heir of Humfray Lord of Breknok.
And not long after Lewelin had the Land of Breknok
grauntid hym.

« By one Berker's Doughter in Stowe ; land fo alfo in the
Marg. of the Original, fi Sic iS St. 'fied reponend. vel et vel
&. y Prince ficribitur fupra Edwarde in Autogr. fied in
Stoveo legitur, in the Prifon of Prince Edward.
An". D.

6$ LELAND'S ITINERARY.
An°.'D: 12-ji. Young Humfray « faftnid on his Land of
Breknok after the Feft of S. Marke.
An". D. 1296s William Valence, Erie of Pembroke, and other
were flayne by the French Men at Bayon. Edmunde Erie of
Lancafter and Leyrcefter was Capitaine there to the Englifch
Menne.
Foi. 7" There were 3. of the Bellemontes Erles of Wdrwike in or-
frkof " der' The thirde lakkinS Iffue Male had a Dopghtter. This
Warlike. Doughter was maried onto a Noble Man caullid .....
and he had by her a Doughtter, the which maried onto the
Lorde Becbamps Sunne and Heyre of Helmeley Caftel by the
Roote of Bredon Hille in Wicefter feire, and thus was the
Bellemontes and the Beauchaumps Kiftred joined. The meane
that Beauchaump cam to the Prasfertement of the Heire of
Bellemontes Was this. The olde Lord Beauchampe of Helme
ley fent 3. or 4. of his Sunnes to the Batel of Eovejham to
help King Henrye the 3. and Prince Edwarde againe Simon
Monteforte and the Barons : and thefe fi Brether with their
Band did a greate Feate in vartquifchfihg tbe Hoft of Monte-
fort. Wherapon the eldeft had Bellemontes Heire, and the
Refidew were highly prseferrid. The Beauchamps afterwarde
kepte the Name ofthe Erie of Warwik to King Edwarde the
4. tyme.
Lord BelU- There was fyns the Bellemontes Erles of Warwike a Baron
*"""• of great Landes of that Name, and the laft of them in King
Henry the vii. time was a Man of firnple Witte. His Wife
was after maried to the Erie of Oxfbrde.
The chiefeft Houfe of this Lorde Beaumonte, as I lernid,
was at Beaumaner yn Leyrceftre or Lincolnjhire. The Duke
of Northfolk hath fair Landes that longid to this Beaumont
ift Lincolnjhire. This Beaumont had faire PofTeffion in the
North Cunterey.
Syr Nicolas Caro had of the Landes of this Beaumont that
the olde Countes of Oxford had yn Jointer.
Birling in Kent wher the late Lorde
Mr. Blage tolde me that of Burgeyney lay longid to this Beau-
an olde Man tolde hym that mantes.
Birling toke the Name of Lewins of Cantewarbyri told me that
Cunies. Syr Nicolas Caro and other 3. Gentil-

ee Entryd St. fi Brithern St.
1 Brekenok. men

LELAND'S ITINERARY. ft
men claymid the Landes of this Beaumontes by Heires, Ge
neral. There was one Beaumont at Yaunton by Barftaple not longfe"""""" of
fins, a Man of very faire Landes, Part wherof be now theZW^'r'
Baftit Landes.
The old Toune of Duneftaple and the Thoroughfare was- Fol-7Js«
a Mile from the new Toune, wher now is the Village cawlT ?n&&.
lid Duneftaple Hougbtom,. There is one Parophe Chirch Injhir.
Duneftaple, Ther was a Priory of Blak Chanons of Henry the firfte
Fundation. In the Priory was buried the Reliques of Saip£b Fremunde
a Noble Saxon, the which were brought from .....
towarde Cantewarbyri there to have beene lefte. But the
commune Fame goith that by Miracle they could be caned
no farther then Duneftaple.
There lay buried alfo in this Priory one Nigellus Loring a
Noble Man of Bedfordfeire, and a great Benefactor to the

This Nigellus made 3. Cantuaries in the Paroch Chirch of
Tuddington in Bedfordfeire a 2. Miles from Duneftaple, and
there, as I here fay, ly buried fum of that Stokke.
There lyith alfo a Noble Man caullid Fitzneele, a Bene
factor to the Priory.
There was a Place of Blake Freres that of late toke an
Efquier of Devonfeire for their Founder. 1 r
In the Yere of our * Lord 1420. James Steward 'King of
Scott elande made Homage to King Henry the vi. at Wyndelefiore.
In the Yere of our" Lord 1423. James Steward King of
Scottes toke to Wife Jane the Doughter of John Duke of So
merfet at S- Mary Over Eys in the Suburbes of London.
There dwellid an auncient Man of the Stok of the Fizt- jy, 7?.
Williams at Aldewark apon the North Ripe of Dun Ryver, Fitx- WMi-
fyve MUes above Dancafter, and ii. Miles from Rotberham. ""•
The Heire of this Houfe and alfo a Brother of his were
flayn at the Felde of Floddoun of the Scottes. The Erie of
Hampton was Brother to thefe Men.
The eldeft Brother lefte 2. Doughters, that fyns were ma
ried onto ii. Sunnes of Syr Godefrey Fulgeham. So that the
Heire of Syr Godefrey Fulgeham a late dying lefte Heires
Male be one of the Doughters of Fitzwilliams. The other

I Lord a 1420.

Dough-

7o LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Doughter hath yet no Iffue by the Younger Fulgeham.*
There ly 3. of the Tancrevilles, the Father, the Sunne, and
his Sun within the Chapitre Houfe of the Priory of Kenel-
worthe, that » after ". . . . . . . . . . • -¦
Darelle of I lernid that Darelles of Ceyfifia by Newborow in Yorkfeire
Yarhpr. were the eldeft Houfe, or one of the eldeft of that Name
. that were yn England. The Heires Males of this Houfe
fayllid in King Henry the vii. tynie, and then one Guie
Downey. Dawney of Yorkfeire maried the Heyre General, a Woman
of a Manly Corage, and John her Sun his now the 'Heyre.
Darel of Kent cummith owt of Ceyjfia.
Dalaunfion, corruptely caullid Dalifbun.'
The Name and Houfe remayhith yet yn Lincolnjhire at
Laughton by Axholmei
Bermera.- fo There were 2,'of the latter Lordes Barneffes buried "in the
caullid, of a Abbay of Ceortefeye. The laft was buried at Calay's.
Jfamfndie™ The P"nciPal Hedde'' of Fawey Eryver ys yn Fowey Moore.
The Place is communely caullid Cedde-FoWey. 'It is a xvi.
Miles be land from Fowey Toun, and withyn a 2. Miles
from Cammelfard, and a 4. Miles from the North Severn Se.
It rifith as by North, and enterith the Se by Southe.
Foi N-B- ' '
Hareclmu Hdrecourt of Oxfardfeire hath a Barony caullid Elnol not
p Ellenhall. far from Rauntoun Priory in Staffardfeire.
Staff. J." The Lord Fitzvuarine hath a ?. part of the Lordfhip of
¦Vu&warin. 0 , n, r Jn •
tietey in Stafordfeire.
' There be at this 4. notable Houfis of the Giffardes : one
in Devonfeire, a nother yn Hampionfeire,the thirde yn Staffard
feire, the fourth yn Bukinghamfeire.
Giffard. -Giffard of Stafordfeire cam to Landes by this meanes.
CStidt *Ab- The Lord CorPeJun that was Founder of Studley Abbay in
bay °War- ' Warwikefeire, and that had a faire Maner Place half a Myle
wiijhir. thens gave a Lordfhip of his yn Stafordfeire, caullid Chilling-
touHy in Frank Mariage with the one of his Doughtter to one
of the Giffardes. After one of the Doughters and Heires of

as Lacunam e Stoveo (qui hie loci perplura cmifit) fiupplere
non pofjiim. fi A manu Burtoni.

N. B. This Leaf which Mr, Hearne in his Edition, tells us being loofewas
cafually loft &c. (fee Not. pag. 54. of this Vol.) we have fupply'd from the
Orig. printed by him in his Eighth Volume, foi, 51, Whit-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 7i
Wh'itfton of Whightfton a Knight in Staffardfeire was maried to
one of the Giffardes ; and of late tyme one of the Dough
ters of Montegomery of Carefwel, alias Caverfwel, was maried Montgomery.
to young Giffard. Heire of Chilling . . one . . unge ....
other of the Bro  nother but the
. . . . Doughters that he had be her : and fhe alfo be
now : and Giffard and Vernoun having the other 2. Dough
ters and Heyres be them fhaul parte the ole Landes of Mon-
tegomerike. Marke here that immediately after x Sir William de Carefiwdll
the Death of Syr Wyllyam of Car'efw elle, living 50. H. 3. & 10. E. 1.
that boute and buildid Carefwelle Ca- died . . E. 1. and buried at
ftel noW fumwhat in decay, left a CarefiwalW
Doughter that was maried onto Marfi-
chintoun, fhortely caullid Marftoun : and Marfeingtoun after Marcbinttm.
left a Doughter that was maryed to Mountgomerik.
This Wylliam of Carefwelle buildid alfo a fair Place at Arch-
aul, alias Arcalu, in Shropjhire, and this Lordfhip cam fyns
be bying onto the Newportes of Shropjhire.
There was one of the Giffardes of Shropefeire Companion
to Syr Robert Knolles in the Batelles of Frounce that was a
Wafter of his Lande.
Billefwik alias les Gauntes in Briftow 
Goyng oute of Chauburne Village 3.'Miles from Hungre- "^ Foi. 75;
forde I paflid over a litle Streme cauliyd Chauburne Water,
and it goith other ynto Bedwyne Streme, or els by it felf ynto
Kenet Ryver. Thens a 2. Miles by woddy Ground to Litle
Bedwyne, wherby I paflid over Great Bed-wine Broke. Hun-
greforde is a 2. Miles or more from it. Thens a 2. Miles to
Ramesbiry by meately Woddy Grounde.
From Ramebyri to Marlebyri 3. Myle by Hilly Ground,
good Corne and Woodde. It ftandith on an Hille from Eft
doune to a Vale by Wefte. S. Martines Chapell at the Entre
in the Eft. S. Maries Paroch Chirch by the Market Place.
A Market Houfe new made. Sum fay that S. Maries was a
Nunry withoute Autorite. S. Peter's at the Botom of the
Towne by Weft. The Caftelle hard Wefte by it. The Don-
geon half ftandith. S. Margaretes Priory of White Chanons.
Haifa Quarter of a Mile by South oute of the Towne. It is

» A pianu Burtoni.
Vo l. 6. K over

72 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
over Kenet on the right Hand. A Broke rennith ynto Kenet,
«s half of Marlebyri as I cam. It ran from Northe to South,
A Mylle on Kenet withoute Marlebyri.
Harding had Robert. Robert had Maurice.
Rogerus Berkeley de DriftlegdSunne maried with tbe Dough
ter of Maurice.
Driftlega, alias Derefiega^ It was ons in the Forefte.
Part of Drifielege Caftel brought to make the new Houfe
of Dodingtcn. A Quarre of Tophe Stone by Drifielege, wher
of much of the Caftelle was buildid.
7 he olde Place of Dodington withyn the Mote by the new.
Ailwardus Blundus.
Joannes de Buxeto.
A Glaffe with Bones yn a Sepulchre found by Dodington
Chirch yn the High Way. Pottes exceding finely nelyd and
fiorifhid in the Romanes tymes diggid out of the Groundes in
the Feldes of Dodington.
A Yerthen Pott with Romayne Coynes found in Dodington
Felde. Dodington longgid to the Barkeleys.
Foi. 76. Antiqui limites Foreftae de Kinggejwod.
Furca de Briftolle. Hunteforde prope Kinggefwood mo*
nafter. Aqua de Severna. Le RAigwey fiuper cilium montis de
a
Sobbery ficut fie extendit <sfe'Lontedone ufique ad aquam de Al-
releg. Teftes deforeftationis.
Gilbertus comes Glocefter iS Hertforde.
Al the Wodde in the great Valley bytwene Sobbyri and
Kingefwood was caullid Harwoodde.
Magatesfelde, alias Magnusfelde, a fmaul ' Lordefhip. It
was ons withowte fayle a Nunnery. Parte of the Cloyfter
ftendithe yet. It is now the Lorde Barkeleys.
Sum fay that there was a Nunnery at Berkeley.
Tebbyri was of later tymes the Moulbrays Lande.
The Lorde Maurice Berkeley lately lyving had fair Landes
in Northampton and Notinghamfeire that defcendid from the
Lorde Segrave by Heires general to Berkeley and Moulbray,
Mr. Bridges auncient Houfe is Cowberley.
His Houfe caullid .  longid onto one Ferrares
attainftid for cumming with King Richard the 3. onto the,
Felde of Bofiworth, and fo it was gyven to Bridges.

tt L. half a Myle of iSc. The

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
The Caftelle of Cary in Selwdod was fumtyme the Lorde e-,
S. Maure. Syns it longid onto the De la Zouches by Heires
Generalles of S. Maure. It was gyven onto Wilougby Lord
Brooke and his Heyres Male at the Attayndure of De la Zouche
at King Richarde the 3. Dethe.
The Caftelle of Mountjoy in Spayne gave Name to the
Lorde Montjoies in England.
The old Lorde Wyndefiore or his Father had the Doughter
and Heyre of the Lorde Montjoye in Mariage, by whom he
had 500. Markes of Lande by the Yere. The Refydew went
to the Heire Male.
A Caftellet buildid by one of the Barkeleys of Spoyle that he Beverjl<mh
wan yn Fraunce. It ftandith aboute a Myle from Tettebyri. Caftelle-
Badmanton Village a good Mile from Litle Sodbyri, «. wher
in remembraunce 3. of the Botelars of the Houfe of Boteler Boteler a
Lord Sudeley. "Ther is meane Maner Place and a Parke. Man °j. an
*Gilberte by Camallat maried one ofMr.W#^«Doughters. Landes!'
Caines Heire of Devonfeire a Man of aboute 300. Markes *Fol.77.
of Lande maried a nother.
Clifordes Sun and Heire maried a nother.
There hath been a very greate Campe of Menne of Warre
on an Hille now cauliyd Nebley over growen with Wodde
aboute the mydle Way betwixt Wotton Underege and Derfiey
but nerer to Wotton. The Lord Lifie was flayn with an
Arow by one James Hiatte of the Foreft of Deene yn Nebley
Paroch. Cow Berkeley, fhortely cauliyd Cowberley, wher Mr. Bridges
dwellith. Syr Wylliam Berkeley a very olde Knighte and Lorde of
Beverftane Caftelle welle motid , hath alfo a nother Maner
Place caullid Over a 4. Miles from Brightftow fumwhat on
-the right Hond by the way from Bright/low to 
Syr Giles Capelle and Syr Grifith of Braybroke Caftelle in
Northamptonjhire maried the Doughters and Heyres of New
ton of Wike in Somerfetfeir. ,
The Landes of the Lorde Saintle Lou came to 2. Heires
General. One of them was maried * to Hungreford, the other
Onto Botreaux. Haftinges Erie of Huntingdon hath Newton
Saintle Lo a Maner Place of a Caftel Building a 2. Miles
above
byneth Bath toward Avon.
* Sic in Autogr. fed multa hie loc'i defiderantur in St.
1 onto Ffyingreford. K 2 Hubley

ff LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Hubley and Wike the Lorde Chedders Landes.
Thomas Lorde Barkeley, as old 'Syr William Barkeley of Over
and Beverftane told me, was taken Prifoner « and Frounce,
and after recovering his Loffes with Frenche Prifoners and at
the Batail of Poyters buildid after the * Caftell of Beverftane
thoroughly, a Pile at that tyme very preaty.
Mr. U'ikes of Dodington contend ith by fum reafons that the
Berkeleys of Dureflege wher of as olde an Houfe or older then
the Barkeleys of Berkeley. But the Name of Berkeley Town
and Lordfhip of whom the Berkeleys wher caullid foundith to
the contrary.
Foi. 78. Bremisfeld ftondith in the Paroche of Eftenhaul. aboute a
z 2. Miles from Ledebyri. Here is in the Clyving of. an Hille
a Caftelle having fair Towrres. It was the Beauchaumpes
Lordes of Bcdington 4. Miles from Glocefter. It was buildid
by the Beauchaumps. Syr John Talbot of Grafton by Bromef-
greve bowte it.
Ther is at Bodington 4. Miles North from Glocefter a fair
Maner Place and a Parke. It cam to one Rede, Servante to
the Lorde Feaucbamp, that maried his Lordes Doughter the
eldefte of 3. and the Redes have it ftille.
Ther were Nunnes at Minchin Hampton in Glocefterfeir to
warde Tettebyri.
There were Nunnes at Boxwel 2. Miles by Eft from Wat-
ton TJnderedge, deftroied, as fum fay, by the Danes. It longid
now to the Abbay of Glocefter.
Deirhurfte in Glocefterfeir.
It ftandith as Severne Ryver cummith doune in lava ripa
a Mile beneth Tbeokesbyri.
The Site of the Towne, as it is now, is in a maner of a
Medow. So that when Severne much rifith the Water cum
mith almofte aboute the Towne.
It is to be fuppofid that it was of olde tyme Iefle fubjedteto
Waters, and that the Botom of Severne then deper withoute
Choking of Sandes dyd at Flouddes lefte hurte.-
It is now but a poore Village, and the Lordfhip longgid
of late partely to the Abbate of Tbeokesbyri. Suche Parte as
Weftminftre had was longging to Perfore Abbay tyl-William
Conqueror gave it away. Derehurft Abbay had the Refidew
afore that the Houfe of Derehurfte was alienatid from the
Monafterie of S. Dionife by Par ife, to the which it was a
Celle, and one Hugo Magafan a Monke of S. Dionife was the
x L. in Fraunce.
l Caftelle, 2 2 Mile. lafte

LELAND'S ITINERARY. .75
lafte Prior aliene there yn King Edwarde the 4. DayesT,
ahd aboute that tyme it was diffolvid, and mofte .of the Foi. 79.
Landes of it given to Faderhgey, and Eton College, as it is
faid, had fum Title. After Sute betwixte the Colleges and
the Abbay of Tbeokesbyri Debatinges was, and after long
Tra&e a final Ende made in Henry the 7. days that the Priory
of Goldeclife, longging then newly to Teokesbyri, fhould go
with the Landes to Foderingey College, and Dehorhurft onto
Tbeokesbyri. Bede makith mention that yn his tyme there was a notable
Abbay at Derehurfte. It was deftroyed by the Danes. Wer-
ftanus fledde thens, as it is fayde, to Malverne. The Frenche
Order was an Erection fyns the Conqueft. The olde Priory
ftode Eft from Severn a Bow fhotte, and North of the Town.
There remayne yet dyverfe Names of Streates, as * Fifchar
Streate, and other. But the Buildinges of them be gone. Ther
be yet 2. Fayres kept one at eche day in inventione iS exal-
tatione Crucis. There is a Parke bytwixt the old Plotte of
Holme Caftelle and it, but it longgid to Holme the Erles of
Glocefters Houfe, and not to it. There is a fair Maner Place
of Tymbre and Stone yn this Tbeokesbyri Parke wher the
Lord Edward, Spenfar lay, and late my Lady Mary.
Preftebyri iflptaty Townelet ftand- - Thef? j? *Q%"re.o{ *?*
ing a Mile Efte South Efte from Chil- Stone aboute Preftebyri, of tne
,, *~l man- c /• u. . whiche parte oi the Pne Stone
tenham yn Glocefterfeire. Sum fay that ,,r , r c <ri 1 , ¦
;t ru* »* 1 .. t< Workes of lheokesbyri were
it was of old tyme a Market Towne, , ... , J
and had Fraunchefis. It is now made a ul )' •
Market Toune agayne a 20. Yeres fyns. The Town hath
beene larger then it is now, and hath be fumwhat defacid
with Chaunce of Fier. The Erles of Glocefter were Lordes of
it. And Gilberte de Clare the fecunde Erie of Glocefter gave
it to the Bisfhoprike of Herforde for emendes of Wrpnges to
Cantulupe Bisfhop of Her ef or de and to his ''Chirche. One Simon
a Freholder, Servante to the redde Erie, having a 10. U. hy
Yere in the Lordfhip was bounde to wayte on the Bisfhop
of Hereforde if. he wente ynto Scottelande. There is now a
fair Houfe on that Grounde caullid Overton. It is now one
Wylliam Bagers, and is a Mile dim. oute of Preftbyri, but in
the Paroche of it. The Bisfhope of Herforde is Lorde of the
Towne, and hath a faire Place there at the Northe Weft

l Fiffcha*. a , Chirch, Parte

^6 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Parte' of the Town toward Tbeokesbyri. « The Place is . . *
. . .' . . . . welle motid, and ftandith withyn a Quarter ofa
Mile of Southam. Mafter  "
N.B.
% Hamley fi (Wircefterff.)
Foi. 80, js from Upton a Mile in dextra ripa Sabrina, a Mile above
Upton, and a flite fhotte from Severne. It is an upland ifch
Towne. The Caftelle ftandith in a Park at the Wefte Parte
of the Towne. Syr John Savage and his Father and Graunt-
father lay muche aboute * Hamley and Tbeokesbyri as Kepers of
3 Hamley. The Erles of Glocefter were Owners of this Caftel,
and lay much there. Mr. Cometon clene defacid it yn his
tyme beyng Keper of it after Savage.
Tetbyri Caftelle
Is a 2. Miles from Tbeokesbyri above it in ripa leeva Sa-
brines apon a Cliv with doble Diches in the Paroche of
Twyning. It is now overgrowne with Trees and Busfhes of
Juniper. It longgid to Winchelcumbe Abbay. Peraventure
it was King Offa, or King Kenulphus, Houfe.
Upton {yWicefterJf'.")
ftandith in ripa dextra Sabrinee apon adulter 4. Miles above
Tbeokesbyri, and here is a Bridge of Wood on Sabrine, and
here is a greate Stable of, the Kinges a late occupied for great
Horfes, and a nother at Theokesbyry.
Areley {^Staffff!')
Is a good uplandifche Toune in lava ripa Sabrina aboute a v.
Miles above Bewdeley. Alveley.
There was a faire Place of the Mortimers aboute Teme Ryver
Side. Mr. Cometon now hath it.
Bredon in * Worcefterfeire a great fparkelid uplandifch Toune
ftondith on the lifte Ripe of Severne aboute the Midle way
betwixte Perfore and Tbeokesbyri, and a greate Hille caullid
Bredon lyith by the 5 Towne flat Efte, and 6 almoft by the bo

as Defunt in St. 0 A manu Burtoni. y A manu Burtoni.
J1 A manu Burt.
iV. B. The following Foi. which Mr. Hearne in his Edition in a Note p. 59.
of this1 Vol. tells us is torn out ef the Original, we have fupply'd from th£
Original printed by him in his 8th Vol. foi, 17. J
1 Hanley. z Hanley, 3 Hanky. 4 Worcefterfliir. 5 Town. 6 almoft
yn the. torn

L E L A N P'S I T I N E R A R Y. 1%
torn of it lyith Elmeley Caftelle as clyving on the Hille a %.
Miles from Bredon Towne 5 and under lyith the Vale of Eave-
feam. Doctor Guente was Perfone of Bredon. Peraventure
here was the noble Monafterie of Bredon that Bede fpekith of.
The Soile of Bredon felf is not woddy.
Bredon longgith and alfo Olive to the Bisfhop of Worcefter,
Ex libello de Antiquitate ot, Theokebirienfis Monafterii. FoL 8i*
Fundatio Monafter. de Theokesbyri a". Di. j 15. per duces
M'erciorum. Temporibus Ethelredi, KenredijC?1 Ethelbaldi regum Mercio-
rvmfuerunt Oddo iS Doddo duces in Mercia.
Theocus Heremita manfiunculam ha- c r a. ^ ** . ^.
butt prope Sabrinam, undeiS Theokef- *um fa? that Theocus Cha-
j, • Pe"e was aboute the Place
yOddo iS Doddo hk conftruxere_ mo- ^r fynS ±S Jues Sy™goge
nafieriolum. in fiundo fuo prope Sabrinam
in honor em Dei iS S. Mariae Affumptae, ubi 4. aut 5. Monachos.
cum Priore pofuerunt.
Dederunt Monafterio Stanewey cum membris.
Oddo iS Doddo obierunt a". D. 725.
Sepulti fiunt Perforce in Monafter. fiuo.
Oddo ante obitum monachus Perforenfis.
Almaricus, f rater Od.donis iS Doddppis, fiepultus apud De-
orhurfte in parva capella contra portam Prioratus ejufdem.
Hac capella aliquando fuit aula regia. Ibi monftratur in diem
hodiernum ejus fepulchrum, ubi in pariete fcribitur fupra oftium :
Hanc aulam Dodo dux confecrari fecit in ecclefiam ad hono-
rem Beatae Mariae virginis ob amorem fiatris fui Almarici.
Strages, bella, iS. incerta imperia pene a morte Oddonis iS
Doddonis ufque ad Athelftani monarchiam.
Incertum igitur quis tills temporibus patroni fifiuerTfTheokef-
byrienfis ' Monafterii.
Theokesbirienfe Monafterium bis illis temporibus fpoliatum
incenfiumque.

a About Sir Juftinian Jfeam's MS. relating to Tbeokesbury
fee my Diary oV MSS. Coll. Vol. 138. p. 93. /3 Sic cum virgula.
Jupra Un. ac fi fuerint legi debeat. Sed fuerit eft vera lectio, nife
quinam pro quis reponamus.

1 Monafteri, Red-

j% LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Reddito fereniori tempore Hugo magnus dux ftoruif iVMer«
cia, patronus Prioratus de Theokesbyri a". D. 800. S^uo a\
pradiclo fiepelivit Brightricum regem Weft-Saxonum in prio-
ratu fiuo de Theokesbyri in Sacello S. Fidei.
Obiit dux Hugo a". D. 812. iS fiepultus eft in eodem Prio-
rdtu. Adhuc apparet tumulus ad boream in navi ecclefia.
An". Di. 930. fiub Ethelftano rege Ailwardus Meaw, fie
ditlus ab albedine, ex prafiapia regis Edwardi Senioris, regis
Weft-Saxonum, erat vir armisftrenuus.
Hie Ailwardus pro fie iS Algiva conjuge fiua tempore Ethel-
redi iS Dunftani epificopi erexit parvum Monafterium in ho
nor em Dei, S. Marias,- iS * Barptolomaei in fundo fiuo apud
Croneburne circa An. Di. 980.
Foi. 82. Ailwardus obiit a". Di  17. Calend. Januarii.
Ejus filius Algarus cum fiua uxore Algiva jure hereditaria
fuccefferunt. Algaro fuccejjit Briclricus ; iS l>ii ampliaverunt Monafter.
de Croneburne.
An°. D. 1066. Gulielmus dux Normann. acquifiuit An-
gliam. ' Robertus, juvenis, filius Haymonis domini de *Afcrevilla in
Normannia, venit in Angliam cum Gul. Conqueftore.
Bri£tricus Imbafjiator in tiorma.nnia refutavit nuptias Ma-
tildis, pqftea uxoris Gul. Conqueftoris.
Bri£f.ricus DnT Gloceftriae captus in manerio fiuo de Han-
leia, iS Wintoniam ductus : ubi fine liberis obiit.
Matildis regina honorem Gloceftriae mortuo 3 Briclrrico accepit.
Obiit Matildis a". D: 1083. menfie Apr. Deinde rexfiibi fier-
vavit honorem de Glocefter.
Gulielmus Conqueftor obiit a". D. 1087.
Gul. Rufus proceffu temporis dedit honorem Gloceftriae Ro
berto filio Haymonis cum omni libertate qua eum tenuit Bricl
ricus. Robertus filius Haymonis duck in uxorem Sihillam fororem
Roberti Belefmi comitis Salapiae.
Genuit ex eafilias Mabiliam, Hawifiam, Ceciliam, Amiciam.
An". D. ,1102. Robertus filius Haymonis, exhortatione Si-
billae uxoris fiua iS Giraldi Abbatis de Corneburne, ecclefiam
de Theokesbyri ex novo fecit, iS novis poffeffionibus ditavit.
Robertus filius Haymonis, reliclis tantum Priore iS 2.fra-

I Barptolemsi, » Aftrevilla. 3 Biilricq. tribus

LELAND'S ITINERARY.' 79
trihus in Corneburne, ceteros cum Giraldo Abbate tranftulit
una cum pradiis Theokesbiriam, quam ex Prioratu in Abba-
tiam magnifice extulit.
Robertus filius Haymonis obiit Id. Mart. a°.D', 1107. iS
a". 7. Henrici primi. Sepultus fuit Theokesbirias in domo ca-
pitulari. Pojlea per Robertum 3. Abbatem in ecclefiam tranfi-
latus eft, iS in dexter a parte ccemiterii inter 2. columnas hona-
rifice cellocatus a". D. 1241.
Ifabella uxor Roberti obiit 17. Cal. Januar. a". D'. .... Foi. 83}
An0. D. 1397. Thomas «. Pakare abbas 18. capellam mirifici
operis 'erigi fecit circa novum Roberti filii Haymonis tumulum.
An". Dj. 1 1 13. DOT Robertus de Candos fundavit eccle
fiam de Goldecliva in honorem S. Marias virg. iS S. Magda-
Jenas, iS pofiuit in ea petmifftone Henrici I. regis Angl.- Hu-
gonem cum 12. firatribus qui S. BenediQi regulam fiequeren-
tur, iS abbatia aezcen{\fiubjecit.
Robertus Candos veniebat e Normannia cum Gul. Con-
queftore. Genuit ex Ifabella uxore fiua Robertum, Rogerum,
iS Godardum : iS patronatus de Goldeclive traditus eft in,
manus regis.
S)uart, Non. Decembr. a°.Z).ii20. obiit Robertus Candos,
iS fiepultus eft in dexter a parte presbyterii apud Goldeclive.
Henricus 6. rex Angl. contulit patronatum de Goldeclive
Henrico duci de Warwik : iS prioraium ejufdem Monafter. de
Theokesbyri. Henricus primus rex noluit honorem de Gloceftre dividi in
ter filias Roberti Haymonis.
Cecilia filia Roberti fada eft Abbatiffa de Shaftesbyri.
Hawifia Abbatiffa de Wilton.
Amicia nupfit comiti Britannias.
Mabilia primogenita nupfit Roberto filio notho Henrici
primi, quern pater rex Henricus Integra honore de Gloceftre
infignivit. Hie Robertus nothus adificavit Prioratum S. Jacobi Briftol
liam, iS membrum fecit Monafterio de Theokesbyri.
Robertus nothus folebat fingulis fiolennibus diebus habere fiecum
Abbatem de Theokesbyri cum 12. monachis Briftolliae.
Hie Robertus conftruxit caftrum de Briftolle, iS dedit deci-
mum quemque lapidem caftri adfiabricam capelU S. Maris juxta
monafter. S Jacobi Briftolliae.
Robertus obiit prid. Cal. Novembr./a^ a". D. fi 1140. a",
aParkere, in libello MS. psnesjuftimanum Ifeam, quern ipfum effe
exiftimo quo ufus eft Lelandus. fi 1 146. Stoveus. mcxlvii. Ife am.
Vol.6. L Ste-

8o LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Stephani 12. Sepultus in choro, Monafterii S. Jacobi Briftolliae.
Foi. 84. Gulielmus ejus filius fiuccefftt. D.uxit in uxorem Hawifiam
filiam comitis Leirceftriae, genuitque ex ea Robertum qui ante
patrem obiit.
Sepultus fuit Robertus in Abbatia de Cainefham, quam Gu
lielmus ejus pater in filiifiui Roberti memoriamerexerat.
Gulielmus etiam filiaS genuit, videlicet Mabiliam, qua nu
pfit camiti de Evereux in Normannia.
Almaricus filius Mabiliae, qui comitatum Gloceftrias poft
mortem Ifabella? tempore regis Joannis paululum pojftdens fine
liberis cito decejfet. Alteram genuit filiam Gulielmus Amiciam
Hert
fc^-ffums nomine, qua nupfit domino^Richardo Clare comiti de Herforde.
comes de Tertiam quoque filiam nomine Ifabellam genuit.
Hertford. Henricus 2. detinuit in manu fiua honorem de Gloceftre 8.
annis, iS anno ultimo regni fiui dedit Ifabellam in uxorem Jo-
anni filio fiuo cum integro honor e de Glocefter, quern tenuit
regnante Richardo 1. ejus firatre.
Hie Joannes pojlea rex fecit pontem de Theokesbyri, qui
vacatur pons Iongus, tempore comitatus fiui, iS dedit ad fiuften-
tationem dicli pontis totum teloneum mercati de Twekesbyri,
quod ufique hodie jervatur.
Joannes cum una regnaffet anno Ifabellam, quia liberos nan
hafuit, repudiavit, retinens in manu fiua honorem de Glocefter,
caftrum Briftolliae cum Burgo, iS totam Hundredam de Ber-
tona cum pertinentiis qua non devenerunt ad heredes ufque in
prafentem diem.
Joannes rex maritavit Ifabellam Galfrido de Mandeville
comiti Eflexiae cum comitatu Gloceftrias. Galfredo Mandeville
mortuo Ifabella tempore Joannis cum Ludovicus Gallus Apgliam
occuparet nupfit Huberto de Burgo fiummo Angl. Jufticiam
permfffu regis, iS paulo poft obiit.
Gulielmus comes Gloceftr. obiit a". D. 1 173. Sepultus fuit
in x. monafterio de Cainefham quam in Roberti filiifiui memo-
riam fundavit.
Fo!. 85. * Hie Robertus Gulielmi filius natus fuit apud Cairdif, iS
ibidem obiit a". D. 1 166.
Duab. filiabus Gulielmi comitis fine, .liberis morientibus de-
valuta eft hereditas ad Amiciam uxorem Richardi de Clare.
Richardus de Clare obiit a". D'. izii.iS fiepultus eft apud
Clare.

» Lege ahlitli, vel mox pro quam repone quod. Sue*

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 81
Snccefft Richardo Gilbertus ejus ex Amicia filius.
. *£? Gilbertus primus Gloceftriae iS Herttordia comes con- Gilbertus
junclim iS divifim, qui accepta conjuge Ifabella, filia Gulielmi clare "m"
Marefcalh fenioris, comitis de Penbroke, genuit ex ea filiam^^^
nomme matris Amiciam a". D. 1220.
Gilbertus genuit ex Amicia uxore Richardum fiecundum he-
redem fiuum a". Di. «, 1221°.
Gilbertus poftlea genuit alios filios, Gulielmum iS Gilbertum.
Gilbertus peftrt'mo genuit z.filias, Agnetem iS Ifabellam.
Gilbertus primus ligavit monafter. ,., , ,. . . „
baficum de Mitha cum carport fiuo ad fete- .f Mutha A«/«r in Donatio-
liendum in medio tresbyterii. m°us~ DiM d Theoci curia
An". D. 1230. Gilbertus primus obiit ultra . Pon?em ,00°- ff'b"s. m
in Britannia Minori. mantis^  ad babnnae
Succeffit ei 2. Richardus ejus filius iS r'P"m- ' TT , ,
heres comes de Glocefter iS Herteforde. Cem" Hertford-
Richardus 2. duxit in uxorem Matildem filiam comitis Lin-
celnienfis, iS genuit ex ea filium didum Gilbertum fiecundum
a". D. 1 243. apud eccl. Cbrlfti in Hamptonfhire.
Hie Gilbertus 2. dicfus eft Comes Rubeus, quia rufius erat
iS puloher afipetlu.
Genuit etiam Gilbertus 2°s> duos alios filios, Thomam iS
Benedictum,- iS 2.fi/ias, Ifabellam, Margaretam iS Roys.
Richardus de Clare fiecundus comes Gloceftriae iS Hertfor-
dias tenuit natalem Dm. apud Theokesbyri, iS habuit fiecum
66. milites fervientes Jibi.
- Richardus 2. obiit 14. die Jul. anno D:. 1262. tempore Hen
rici 3. regis ante Statutum apud Efmerfeld: iS fiepuitUs eft in
presbyter io Theokesbyriae ad dexteram patris fiui.
Uxor ejus ornavit tumulum auroj argento, iS gemmis.
Gilbertus 2. fiuceeffit patri Richardo in honorem comit. Foi. 86.
Gloceftr. iS Hertfordias, iSkex fua conjuge Joanna de Acris
regis Edwardi 1. filia habuit filium unicum Gilbertum 3. iS
tresJHids, Elenoram, Elifabeth, iS Ifabellam.
Gilbertus 2. obiit in caftello de Monemuthe y i.Id.Dezemhr.
an". D.1 1295. Sepultus eft Theokesbyriae infiiniftra Gilbert!
primi.

a mccxxii. Ife- fi Verba hac in era libri omifit Stoveus,
y vi. Idus Decembrii. lih.

1 1295-0. L 2 Sue-

82 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Succeffit Gilbertus 3. qui de uxor e fiua Matilde, filia Joannis
de Brough comitis UJtoniae, genuit Joannem matura ante pa
ir em morte praventum.
Joannes fiepultus eft Theokesbiriae in capella S. Mariae.
Gilbertus 3. a Scottis apud Strivelyn occifius eft die S. Jo
annis Baptiftas an", a Edwardi 2. firegis . . . a", atatis 23.
8°. Cal. Jul. a". D'. 1314. Sepultus eft in Tewkesbyri ad la-
vam patris fiui.
1 Matildis uxor Gilberti 3. obiit a°. D. 13150.
Mortuo Gilberto comitatus Gloceftriae iS Herefordia? difiperfi
funt, videlicet in 3. felias Gilberti fiecundi, forores videlicet
Gilberti 3.
Poft mortem Gilberti 3. fiuccefftt in 3. parte, iS prima comit.
Gloceftr. Elenora prima foror Gilberti 3.
Patronatus monafter. de Twekesbyri pervenit ad banc Ele-
noram. Hac Elenora nuptafuit Hugoni le Difpenfer, filio Hugonis
Spenfer comitis Wintoniae, iS genuit ex ea Hugonepi 3. iS .
Eduardum. Hugo primus y punitus in caftejlo de Briftolle 6. Cal. No-
vembr. an". 1326. Eodem anno in vigilia S. Andreae apoftoli ,
Hugo 2. camerarius Eduardi 2. regis fine judicip iS refiponfione
fiitfipenfius eft iS in partes divifus, & in ecclefia de Theokesbyri .
diu pojlea fiepultus. *
Obiit Elenora uxor Hugonis 2*. 2°. Cal. Jul. An°.D. 1337.
Erat mater Hugonis 3. Edwardi il.iS Gilberti ex Hugo'ne 2°.
I Et poft obitum Hugonis 21. nupfit Dno Gulielmo de la Zouche
a°. D. 1335 13. Martii.
Gul. de la 'Zouche maritus Elenoras fepultus apud The
okesbyri in capella S. Mariae".
Elifabeth de Clare 2. filia Gilberti 2. iS fioror Alenoras
u
habuit, 3. viros, s Joannem de Burgo comiiem de Holmeftre, de
quibus Gulielmus genitus comes de Holuefter. A quo Guli-
« regis Edwardi Jecundi vm°. Ilh. fi Adde 8°. y peremptus,
Ifh. 0s et poft Mortem ejus maritata fuit domino Will mo Zouch:
qui ex ilia genuit Hugonem Southe. ^_ Anno dnT mcccxxxv.
primo Die Martii obiit Dominus Willmus le Souche, & fepultus
eft in capella beatas Maria Tbeoiusburia, in medio. Ifeam. 1 Sic.
Johannem de Borow comitem de Holneftare Ife. Jed pojlea Hoi-
mustere in lfej. I Matildes. elmo

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 83
elmo Elizabeth de Burgo heres ejus, quam Leonellus filius 2. Foi. 87;
Edwardi 3. regis duxit in uxorem. A quibus Lebnello iS Eli
fabeth filia procefiit nomine Philippa heres unica.
Philippa nupfit Edmundo comiti Marchiae, de qua genuit
'Rogerum iS Edmundum.
- Rogerus genuit Edmundum ultimum comitem Marchiae, iS
Rogerum, iS Annam.
-. Anna nupfit Dn°. Richardo comiti de Cambridge, cuius pa
ter erat Dns Edmundus de Langeley dux Ebor. iS regis Ed
wardi 3. tertiogenitus. Richardus ex Anna genuit Richardum,
* x qui Ceciliam filiam comitis ^?Weftemorelande,3 de qua genuit *
Dna" Ifabella filia Gilberti 2. copulata fuit Dno Hugoni de
Audeie. Hugo Le Difpenfer 3s. iS 2". filius obiit fine herede ex uxore
Elifabeth, filia comitis Sarum, fiexto Id. Febr. a". D. 1348:
Sepultus eft apud T^heokeshyrfi juxta fiummum altare in dfxterd
parte. Hic appropriavit ecclefiam de y 1 Latrisfandte monafter. Ecclefia 3; '
Theokesbyryenfi. Ifle f regit Scheltram in Smare in bello ^Sanaorumj
Sclufe a0. D. 1359.
Elifabeth Le Difpenfer uxor Hugonis 3. obiit apud Affche-
ley in comitatu Hamptonias e.
Hac Elizabeth filia erat Gulielmi de Monte Acuto £ comite
Sarum, ac uxor Guidonis de Brien militis, & relicla Hugonis
Le Difpenfer. Sepulta eft juxta Plugonem maritum apud The-
okesbyf-y. Edwardus.Le Difpenfer frater Hugonis 3. genuit
ex Anna filia D>. de Ferrares Edwardum 2m, Thomam, Hen-
ricum, & Gilbertum fiecundum, iS y fortuna belli ante fratrem
decejfit. Ifte erat comes injula de Wighte, £5° poftea faclus
comes Devoniae. Edwardus vera 2. filius iftius Edwardi fiuc-
cejfit' Hugoni 3°. Duxit in uxorem Elifabetham filiam DnT
Bartolemei de Burwafche, iS genuit ex ea Eduardum 3. qui
obiit. duadennil apud Cairdif, fied Theokesbirias fiepelitur in ca-

ec Qui copulavit fibi in Uxorem, dominam Ceciliam & filiam
Comitis de Weftmorelande, de qua &c. Ife. fi Sic. y L. de
LanlriffanBe. Lanteffan Ifh. I Mari Mon. Angl.Vol. I. ^.157. a.
40. quodvidefis. Mari Ife. t Anno Domini MCCCL1X". ulti
mo Die Menfis Maii Ife. Z, Comitis IJb. 1, fortuna] Lineolam
fub ortun duftam habemus in Autographo j nefcio an ab Auftoris
manu. Fortunio in Ifh.

1 I.anti'LTanfle, fella.

$4- LELAND'S ITINERARY.
fella S. Maria? ; tS Hugonem 4. qui poft natalem diem cits obiit,
(S cum Edwardo 3. fepultus eft. Deinde genuit 4. filiat, Ceci
liam, qua juvencula admodum obiit, iS fepulta eft cum jratri*
bus fiuis. Deinde Elifabeth, qua paftea Dna de la Zouche, iS
relicla Joannis Arundeile : iS Annam, qua fuit defponfiata
Hugoni Haftinges, iS pojlea Thomae Moreley : iS Margate-
tarn, qua habuit Robertum Ferreres,
j^» Pradiclus Edwardus in ultima atate fiua genuit Thomam
Difpenfar, pojlea comitem Gloceftriae.
Foi, 88. Hic Thomas fiuccefftt patri in hereditate, iS Conftantiam,
filiam Edmundi de Langeley filii Eduardi 3. in uxorem accepit^
ex qua genuit Richardum, Elifabeth, iS Ifabellam.
Obiit Margareta uxor D>. de Ferrares«°. £.1415,*. Sepulta
eft apudfi Merivale. Hac fuit mater Dm Thomae, Edmundi,
iS Edwardi de Ferrares.
|0 Praditlus Edwardus 2s. obiit in Cambria apud caftrum de
Lanblethiam die S. Martini epifcopi a". D. 1375.
Sepultus eft Edwardus 2s. apud Theokesbyry ante oftium
veftiarii juxta presbyterium.
Uxor Edwardi 2. tedificavit pro tumulo viri fiui capellam S.
Trinitatis apud Theokesbyry. Dedit hic calicem aureum mo
nafter. de Theokesbyri. Permanfit viduitate Elifabeth filia
Dni Burwafche 33. annis. Obiit a°- D. 1409. Sepulta eft in
fra charum de Theokesbyri.
Thomas filius Eduardi Le Difpenfar fiecundi iS heres inter-
cap'tte punltus
feclus Briftolliae a popular! vulgo fieria 3. poft feftum S. Hilarii
a".D. Y 1369A Sepultus ^Theokesbyri. Obiit decern annis
ante maty em } juam a". D. 1414.
Obiit Ds. Richardus Le Difpenfar 3. filius iS heres ejus anna
tetatis 1 8. apud Merton cum adhuc effet in cuftodia 1 regia.
Sepultus eft apud Theokesbyri in finiftra patris fiui.
Z\ I/la nupta Elifabeth fuit ia filia Radulphi Comitis <&Wefl>
moreland, fied eo moriente fine liberis nupfit Henrico Percy
comiti de Northumbreland.
Et_ Dna Elifabeth prima filia Di. Thomas iS Coriftantiae
uxoris fiua iS fioror didi Richardi obiit in juvenili atate apud
Cairdii, ubi fepulta eft in ecclefia S. Mariae.

a tertio Nonas Novembris Ife. fi Marmale Ife. y MCCCXCIX.
I/b. I Suam. Anno Domini MCCCCXIIlIo. obiit Ds. Richardus
&x. Ife. s regia, XII0. die Oftobris Ife. Z, Sic. Ifti Ife. Septimo

LELAND'S ITINERARY. g?
Segimo menfe a morte Thoma, Le Difpenfar DnT Con-
flantia uxor ejus fefem ei Ifabellam eifud Cairdif a\ gratia •
J^A^*^* ""^Thonw comiti de Arundale, «,>-
* %ff Tjhm\ ^P^fteaper Ifabellam /«« fiuam
P*^ tJiAm D«7 Richardi Le Difpenfar Ifabella fioror ejus
fiuftepH domnimn de Difpenferis. $uam defiponfiavit DnTRi- *
chardus. de Bello Campo, filius iS heres Dni Gulielmi Beau- "
champ iS dns de Abergeveney die 7. Dormientium An". D.
141 1 *
^WReSingtr^ ^ IfabdI" ^ ^ I4I7' »/**• *'
T?dw'Z>' '425' »«* £* Henricus ?"<»'«* *W* Francos . Fo!. 9*
LondTnl A" V wf IO Cam?° >*" ** ««' Wiigomi.
Londini. £* Ifabella uxor ejus peperit Elifabeth jfifo£ apud
Hanley 16. Septembr. «°. D. 1415°. ^
i&* Elizabeth nupfit Edwardo Nevil juniorifilio Radulphi
«mifti <fe Weftmorelande. D* f M „atus eft Georgius £«-«
eorundem. e>
Richardus 4. A Bello Campo percuffus in latere lapide ba-
ttjta apud Mewfenbry in Gallia non lango poft fufervixit tem
pore p-uefima quinto. die Apr. apud Theokesbyri fiepultus eft
ad finem chart inter cborum iS capellam Roberti filii Haymo-
Mortuo Richardo 40. comite Wigornise Richardus Beau-
champ 5s. comes Warwichiae iS filius fatrui Richardi 4. co
mitis Difpenfationis epifcopi Ro. titula Ifabellam fiupradiclam
defponfiavit comitiffam Wigornias. Ifabella peterit Richardo
quinto Henncum heredem in caftro de Hanley.
Quinto die poft natus fuit Henricus Beaufort poflea Car-
¦dinalis. f J
Joannes Beauchamp ban de Powike.

* Defideratur folium 8.9. nifi potius (id quod ego fane, quoniam
non plura apud Stoveum quam bic in Autograpbo habentur, cenfue-
rim) 90, pro 89,. iS fee deinceps 91, pro 90. iSc. errore fcripfe-
nt Lelandus. — Ubi bis, de rebus agitur,. defideratur etiam folium
mum in Cod. Ifh. nee tamen inde colligere pofifum aliquid in Lelando
nojiro hu loci deefife. 1 tempore, 25 die Apr, Ifte

86 LELAND'S ITINERARY.*
Ifte nobilis Henricus dnTLe Difpenfar 10. anno aiatis
fiua accepit in uxorem Ceciliam filiam Z>«f Richardi Neville
comitis Sarum a". Di. 1434.
Poft annum iS 6. ' menfies quam Henricus natus eft nata eft
Richardo 50. comiti de Warwik de uxore fiua Ifabella filia
nomine Anna, qua eodem anno quo Henricus ejus frater duxit,
filiam comitis Sarum. Richardus ditli comitis Sarum filius con-
duxit earn in uxorem.
Henricus Richardi $i. filius ex hac Anna Annam genuit,
qua nata eft apud Cairdif menfie Febr. a°. D. 1443.
Richardus quintus comes Warwike habens regimen Franciae
iS Normannia? fiub Dno Henrico 6. rege obiit Rotomagi
An". D. 1439. iS fiepultus eft apud Warwike eodem anno.
Ifabella uxor Richardi 5. patronata de Theokesbyri rediit de
Francia, iS aliquamdiu fie in monafter. Canonicorum de Southe-
wike refocillavit. Hac Ifabella fiepulta eft in 'Theokesbyri eo
dem a", qua obiit Richardus 5. comes de Warwike ejus maritus.
Foi. 91. Henricus comes de Warwike ab, HePrico 6. cui charijfemus
erat, coronatus in regem de Wigthe, iS poftea nominatus primus
comes totius Anglia?.
Henricus 6, rex Angl. poft 2. annos dedit ei titulum duels
Warwicenfis. Dedit , etiam ei caftrum Briftolliae cum omnibus annexis, quod
elim rex Joannes detinuitftbi.
Dedit etiam ei infiulas de Garnefey iS Gerfey x.
Dedit etiam licentiam Henrico dud ut prioratum S. Mariae
Magdalenas de Goldeclive appropriaret Monafterio de The
okesbyri. DnT Humfridus dux Bukkingamiae.
Richardus dux Northfolciae dnT de Chepftow, hoc eft Stri
gulia?. Obiit Z);z~Henricus Warwik primus comes Angliie, DnT
Le Difpenfer, iS de Abergevenny, rex de infiulis Wiflhe, Gar-
defey iS Jardefey, yDns quoque caftri Briftolliae cum fiuis an
nexis iii. Id. Jun. a". D. 1446. atatisfiua * 22°. apud caftrum
de Hanleia. Sepultus eft 3 Theokesbyriae in choro.
Elizabeth filia D>. Richardi 4. comitisWigomiae iS Ifabella?,
iS fioror Henrici duds Warwicenfis, obiit 14. Jul. a0. D.i4i8v
x Folia aliquot ad finem Ife. MS. excifa funt, in quo proinde ab
hoc Loco nihil legitur. In quo etiam ad Initium folia plus minus
bina exfeinduntur. zz".
I Theokesbyry, 2 xxno, 3 Theokesbiris.

LELAND'S ITINERARY. Z7
«*. atatis fiua 32. iS apud ecclefiam Fratrum Carmelitarum
Conventrise fepulta.
- Anna unica filia Henrici duds Warwik data cuftodia Mar-
garetfie regina, iS poftea cuftodia Gulielmi Poole duds Suth-
folc. In cujus cuftodia obiit a0. D. 1449. an", atatis fiua 6. apud
manerium di HerpendePe, Sepulta eft in monafter. de Redinge.
Mortua Anna filia Henrici duels Patronatus monajlerii de
Theokesbiry devenit ad Richardum Neville 6. filium Ri
chardi Neville comitis Sarum, qui duxit Annam filiam dicli
Richardi Beauchamp 5*. comitis Warwike iS Ifabellae uxoris
fiua iS comitiffa, iS a fioror Henrici duds Warwik.
Henricus fiextus rex dedit Richardo Neviiie comitatum
Warwik £3° dominium de Le Difpenfer atque de Abergevenny
fub figillo mag. charta fiua.
An". D. 1450. Cecilia ducifja de Warwik obiit 5. Cal. Aug.
Sepulta eft Theokesbyriae. Hac mortuo Henrico duce nupfit
comiti Wigorn. Dno de Tipetote.
Richardus Neville 6s. filius comitis Sarum genuit ex Anna Fo1' 92'
uxore fiua, filia comitis Warwike iS Ifabellae uxoris fiua, 2as.
ftlias IfabeHamj&f Annam.
Ifibclla nupfit Georgio dud Clarenfi iS filio Richardi duds
Eboracenfis, iS firatri Edwardi 4. regis Angl. de qua genuit
Margaretam apud caftrum de Ferleyi 4. die Aug. anno D.i^y^.
An". D. 1475. natus eft DnT Eduardus primogenitus duels
Clarentia? de pradicla Dna Ifabella patrona de Theokesbiry
apud caftrum de Warwik 25. die Febr.
Hic Eduardus per Eduardum 4. regem ordinatus eft comes
Warwik. An". D. 1476. natus eft Georgio filius Richardus ex Ifa
bella in monafter. *fc Theokesbyri,
An". D. \\-jb. obiit Ifabella duciffa Clarentiae patrona de
Tewkesbyri. Obiit in caftro de Warwik 22. die Decembr.
Sepulta eft apud Theokesbyri.
Richardus filius Georgii duds Clarcntise ex Ifabella obiit inVenem, ut
juvenili atate in caftro de Warwik eodem anno quo mater ejus, fcrtur, f*h
Anna 2. filia Richardi Neville iS APna? uxoris fiua nupfit """'
dno Edwardo prindpi filio Henrici 6. regis. Et poft ejus obi
tum nupfit Richardo dud Gloceftrja?, filio Richardi ducis Ebo-

«e Legend, fororem, ut patet ex Dugdalii Tomo I. de Baronibus
Anglia;, p. ??6, 248, Sed fororis in Monaftico Angl. Tom. I.
p. 160.
Vol. 6, M xacenfis,

88 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
* racenfis, tS fratri Edwardi 4. regis, de qua genuit filium xnfc
mine  apud. caftrum «feMidlam a". D. 1476.

An". D'\ 1470. helium fuit apud Barnet in die Paficha mane,
ubi DnTde Boucher occifus ex parte Edwardi.
Ex altera parte Richard Neville comes Warwik iS 'frater
ejus Joannes Neville interfeffi funt.
Eodem anno 3. No. Maii Edwardus Princeps Henrici 6. filius
venit cum exercitu ad Theokesbyri, iS intravit campum nomine
Gaftum. Princeps Edwardus ibi occifus,& Joannes Somerfetfi frater du
els de Somerfet, Courteney comes Devonian, iS Dns" Wennelok,
Fugientes occift in ecclefia de Theokesbyri.
Capti dux de Somerfet iS Prior S. Joannis Londini, Tho-.
mas Treffam miles, Joannes Delves filius Joannis Delves Jb-
nioris (qui in campo occifus fuit;) Jacobus Audeley frater Dni
de Audeley.

Foi. 93,

Nomina occiforum in bello Gaftienfi prope Theokesbyri.
Edwardus princeps fiepultus in monafterio de Theokesbiri.
Z)«TEdmundus dux Somerfet captus iS decollatus ac ibidem
fiepultus. ,x
Dns Joannes de Somerfet, frater Edmundi duels, * ibid.
fiepult. Thomas Courteney comes Devoniae ibidem fepultus.
Dns /& Wenlok, cujus corpus alio ad fiepulturam tranfia-
tum eft.
Humfredus Handeley decapitatus cum Thoma Courteney,
iS una cum eo fiepultus.
Edmundus Hauarde miles.
Gulielmus Wichingham miles.
Joannes Delves fienior occifus campo iS Joannes Delves ejus
filius decapitatus ibidem, una fepulti, alio poftea tranfiati.

tt. Eft etiam lacuna in Monaft. Angl. T. I. /. 161. Jed ad oram
autogrnpbir noftri Georgius fcripfit Lelandus; quam vocem in tex-
tum recepit Stoveus. fi Fratris MS.

t ibidem fepul: JO-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. «9
Joannes Leukenor miles occifus campo iS prope Delvios
fepultus. Gul. Vaulz miles campo occifus iS ibidem fiepultus.
Gervafius CGfton captus iS decollatus ac * ibid, fepultus.
Gul. Car. &? Henricus Ros milites capti iS decapitati. Se-
pulti in caemiterio de Theokesbyri.
ThomasTreffam miles captus iS decapitatus ac ibidem fiepultus.
Gul. Lirmouthe, Joannes Urman, Thomas Semar, Gul.
Rowys milites campo occifi iS ibidem fiepulti in ccemiterio.
Gul. Newborow wzz/« captus iS decollatus, ac ibidem fiepultus .
Henricus Wateley armiger occifus iS ibidem fepultus .
Henricus Barow armiger occifus iS ibidem fepultus.
Felding armiger occifus iS ibidem fepultus.
Joannes Gower enfiger principis Eduardi, Joannes Flore
fignifer ducis Somerfet, Henricus Trefham, Gualterus Courte
ney, Robertus A&on capti iS decollati. ,
Prior S. Joannis Londini captus iS decollatus, cujus corpus Fcl. 94.
Londinum ad fiuos delatum eft.
Donati vita ab Eduardo rege.
Margareta regina.
Anna uxor Eduardi principis occifi.
a Fofterus" primus Juftitiarius Angliae.
Dotlor . Makerel , Joannes Throghmerton , Baynton ,
Wrougton. Hugo Courteney captus iS poftea decollatus.

Maner Places longging to the Abbate «/* Theokesbyri.
Stanwey was almoft reedified and augmentid by Abbate'
Cheltenham tempore Henrici 7.
Fordehampton a faire Place apon Severne in dextra ripa a
Mile beneth Tbeokesbyri and agayn the Parke of Theokesbyri
Handing in lava ripa.
The Maner Place in Theokesbyri Park with the Parke was
lette by Henry the 7, to thabbot of Theokesbyri yn Fee Ferme
with the Holme wher the Caftel was.

x Fortefcue in Stoveo. Et fie in ara autograph! correxit
Purtonus.

I ibidem. M 2 Tbeo-

9o

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Foi. 95. Theokesbyri.
It ftandith in lava ripa Avona a good flite Shot above the
Confluence of Avon and Severne.
Ther is a greate Bridge of Stone at the Northe Ende of
the Towne, and ther a litle above the Bridge Avon brekith
into 2. Armes. Yet the Bridge is fo large that both cum un*
der it. The right Arme cummith into Severne with yn a flite
Shot of the Bridge, and at the Pointe of this Arme is the
Towne Key for Shippes caullid Picardes> <
The other Arme cummith downe by the Side of theTowne
and the Abbay, leving it on the Efte, and fo pafling harde
ther by Holme Caftelle goith into Severne.
Bredon a very celebrate Chirche and Paroche having many
Villages and Hammelettes longging onto it ; but it is now
no Market Town. It ftondith on the lifte Ripe of Avon 2,
Miles dim. above Theokesbyri. Ther is a litle Broke caullid
Suliet cumming downe from Clive, and enterith into Avon at
Holme Caftelle by the lifte Ripe of it. This atfodayn Raynes
is a very wylde Brooke, ahd is fedde with Water faulling
from the Hilles therby. ...
Ther be 3. Streates yn the Towne meating at the Market
Croffe, wherof the chifieft is caullid the High Strete. Ther
was no other Paroche Chirch yn the Town but the Wefte
Ende of the Abbay Chirche.
King John beyng Erie of Glocefter by his Wife cauflid the
Bridge of Twekesbyri to be made of Stone. He that was put
in trufte to" do it firft made a Stone Bridge over the'' grete
Poure of booth the Arpies by North and Wefte : and after
to fpede and fpare mony he made at the Northe Ende a
Wodde Bridge of a greate Lenght for fodeyne LandeWaters,
putting the Refidew of the Mony to making of the Caftel of ¦
Hanley on thelnheritaunce of the Erledom of Glocefter.
The redde Erie lay much at this Hanley a y. Miles from
Twekesbyri and a Mile from Upton.
Foi. 96. King John gave to the Mayptenaunce of this Bridge the
hole Tolle of the Wenfday and Saturday Marketes in the
Towne, the which they yet poffeffe, turpyng it rather holely
to their owne Profite then Reparation ofthe Bridge.
Ther was at the South Weft Ende of the Abbay" a Caftel
caullid Holme. The tyme ofthe Building of it is oncerteyne.
It is certeyne that the Clares Erles of Glocefter, and efpecially
the redde Erie, lay much at Holme.
1 gret.
The

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 9t
The redde Erie much trobelid S. Thomas, of Hereforde.-
There hath beene yn tyme of mynd fum Partes of the Ca
ftel flonding. Now fum Ruines of the Botoms of Waulles
appere. Now it is caullid Holme Hylle. " '
George Duke of x Clarence "Brother to King Edward had
thought to have brought Avon aboute the Toune and to have
* enlarged the Town.
There was litle or no Habitation at
Twekesbyri at fuch tyme as Odo and Dodo Odo and Dodo gave to The-
Dukes of Merches and Brothers dyd, okesbyri Staneway cum membris,
eredte there a Priory of Blak Monkes videlicet Tadington , Prefte-
Benediclines, a Celle or Filial to Crane- cote et Didcote. Thracy now
burne in Dorfetfeir. After in the later dwellith at Staneway.
Reyne of the Danes and Edwarde the
Confefifor was Milwerdus Meaw Erie of Glocefter, and he was
countid as Founder of Croneburne.
Ailwerdus had a Sunne caullid Briclrice Erie of Gloceter a-
boute the tyme of the Cumming of Duke Wylliam of Nor
mandie ynto England. Matildis Wife to Wylliam Conqueror
askid Biclrice yn Gifte of her Husband, and having hym put
hym yn the Caftelle of Hanley befide Saresbyri, and there he
dyed. Sum fay that Matildis wold have had hym afore Duke
William to her Husband, * but refilling it had after hard Fa
vor at her Handes.
King WHUam gave the Prasferrement of the Counte of Glo
cefter opto his Wif Matilde. After it cam to Robert Fitz Hay-
mo of the Blode of Duke Rollo Nephew onto King William Foi. 97.
Conqueror. This Robert Fitz Haymo made the Priorie of Theokesbyri
and Abbay, making Cranburne but a Celle onto it, and tranf-
lating the chief Landes of Cranburne to his Monafterie.
Robert Fitz Haymo was buried at * Twekesbyri, firfte in the
Chapitre Houfe, after tranflatid into the North Syde of the
Quier yn a Chapelle,

« So Mr. Burton hath correeled it over the Line zvith a Pen;
Mr. Leland bad written it (and he is folkw'd by Stowe)
Glocefter.

1 enlargid. a but He refufing. 3 Twckesbyry; Epit.

92 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Epit. in camera Sacelli.
^ Sibylla filia. comitis Arun- . Hic facet Robertus fiUus Haymonis
tinae valRs , iS fioror1. comitis bujus loci fundator.
Salapia?, uxor fuit Roberti This Robert newly made the Build-
filii Hairponis- inges in fhe Monafterie and Chirch
Hawifia uxor Roberti Caff, with the Towre.
Robertus Conful ejus gener adificavit
pyramidem fiuper turrim.
Robertus Fitz Haymo left 3. Doughters, wherof the 2. el
der wher Nunnes, one at Sheajtesbyri, the other at Wileton*
King Henry the firfte kepte the 3. and fhe was after maried
to Robertus Conful, B&ftarde onto Henry the firfte, and was
Erje Glocefter. . He buildid the Caftelle of Briftow or the
moft parte of it. Every Man fayith that he buildid the great
fquare .Stone Dungeon, and that the Stones therof capi oute
of Cane in Normandie, and like wife the Stones ofthe Toure
of * Theukesbyri Chirche.
Robertus confiul was buried at S.James Priory in Brightftom.
Robertus confiul had a Sunne caullid Wylliam that was Erie
after hym.
Wylliam had 2. Sunnes, Roberte and Roger. Roberte dyed
young. Roger was a Prefte and Bisfhop. Wylliam a caullid his
Sunne Roberte to be buried at Cainfeam then a fmaule Priory,
and after he newly repayred and endowed it, making it an
Abhay of Canons Regular.
Wyllyam dyed yn Brighteftow Caftel, and wyllid to be bu
ried hy his Father at S. James : but he was prively conveyid
by night onto Cainfeam, and had gyven the hole Lordefhip
of Marfchefel onto Cainfeam, and impropriate the Benefice
Tnerewas, therof 'onto S. James Priory, and the Benefice confequently
^s fe !* caih to Theokesbyri,
Nunnery * Wylliam had 3. Doughters, wherof one was * made to
at Marfibe- Almerike a Britaine, ahd he was the Erie of Glocefter for a
£ti. s. 6-Yeres- John Brother to Richard the fyrft maried a nother, and by
her he was Erie of Gloceftre. King John had no Iffue by her,
and kept her but a yere, and fo repudiating her toke to
Wife the Erie of Herefordes Doughter, and reteynid yn his

Maried Stowe.

1 Theuksbyri. 2 caufid. Handes

91

L ELA N D?S 1 1 Ift "E R A R Y.
Sandes the Toun and the Caftelle;©? Srigbteftow Ttfthin the
Hundrede of ^^^ty^inG^^^harAb^a^/^jrOT1
as by ttwixt. the R»eft of Wngefeuod and it : and fo it hath
fyns ftil remaynid yn the Kinges Handes.
King 'John* 'Wife repudiated- was after' maried to-th>Erie
of . . . . . .
• * Clare marie* a nother of the Doughters of Wylliam Erie of
Glocefter, and was Erie of Gloceftre.
GUbertusi: Sun to Richardi the firft was Erie of Glocefter.
This Gilbert* was buried in the Quier at Theokesbyri,.
Gilbertus the firfte had Richard' the 2. Erie of Glocefter, and
was buried in the Quier of Tewkesbyri on the right Hond of
his Father^ and there lay his Image yn Sylver.
Richard the 2-. had! Gilberte theffecunde, communely cauliyd1
the redde Yerle< by caufe his Body was of a very ruddy and
blody Color. He deke hardely with the Monkes of Twekes
byri, and tooke away the giftes of Gilberte the firfte his
Grand-father. He was buried on the lifte Hand of Gilbert
the firft his Grand-father.
Gilbert the 2. had Gilbert the 3. and he was Erie of Gloce
fter , and reftorid to the monafterie of Tweukesbyri fuch.
Things as his Father had taken' away. He was flayne at the
Batail of Striveline yn Scotteltinde^ and was buried on the lifte
Hand, of his Father.
Gilberte the 3. had John that died yn his Infancie, and was FoL gji
buried in a Chapel of our Lady at Tewkesbyry.
This Gilberte the 3. dyed in the 23. Yeres of his Age muche
lamentid, by caufe he was a 3 good Man. He had 3. Sifters
Doughtters onto the Redde Erie. r, _ , c ,, . -
Wherof Eleanore the eldeftewas ma- r T t?£ & #?"
ried onto Hugh Spencer, the 2. Sun to far the 3fhfi *"%' ^u*
Hugh SpencerErleofWinchefter, and by *" mjde.Erle of Glocefter by
her was Erie of Glocefter, and was be- J"*"* *? *' r "J T
heddid and quarterid at x Hereford eft- *ad Z J^^f'r
. . . .and one of the Quarters of Doughter of^W,I^.
hym was buried by the lavatory of the ** UUKe 0I X°m*
High Altare in Twekesbyry. A nother was maried to-D'a . . .
. . ley, and by that Line inProceffe one of the Audeleys was
Erie of Glocefter.
a A great many Things are here wanting in Stowe.
1 maried to Geffrey de Magnavilla Erie of IfTex St. 2 Richard Clare St,
V, MS, Vol. 6. foi. j», a, y good Manne. After

54 LELAND'S ITINERARY,
After this the Landes beyng difperkelid Thomds of Wodeftole
the v. Sunne of Edwarde the 3. was made Duke of Glocefter.
Then was after Humfrey Sunne to Henry the 4. Duke of
Glocefter. After this was Richard Brother to Edwarde the 4. Duke of
Glocefter.
r°l' > °°- Ozw now longging to old Sr. William
Okington Park longing onto Barkeley was ofthe olde Landes of the
Sr. William Berkeley not far Lorde Barkeley.
from Ow. The Lordefhip of Beverftane was
Loke wither Maurice wher firfte the Barkeleys.
not firft cauliyd Barkeley, and Maurice de Gaunte was Lorde of 2?«-
thenne x * Graunte a loco tan- verftane Caftelle by Tettebyry. One of
turn natalium . the Barkeleys boughte it.
There is a Quarre of good J°bn Lorde Barkeley was wond id and
Stone at Beverftane, unde no- taken, as fum fay, at the Batell* of
men ex conjetlura. Palters. After he was redemed and wel
recoverid his Loffes of the French Men.
One of the Barkeleys, that is to fay the greate Graund-
fader of Syr William Berkeley, had yn Mariage the hole Lord
fhip of Betiftre in Hampfbir, mariyng the Doughter and
Heir of Betiftre. Syns it cam to one callid Brierton, that
maried the Doughter and Heire General of Barkeley in^Hamp-
feire, and had by her a Doughter and Heyre, Mother to yong
e
Comet  Poffeffor of Betthiftre.
Such Land as Syr William Barkeley had of the Betiftres
wer lefte by Surementes as onto the Male, and the Maner
Place is tfaullid Avon, diftant 3. Miles from Chriftes-Chirch
Twinham 
Of auncient tyme Balduine Reduers was Erie of Wigchte,
and Devonfeire, and alfo Lorde of the Towne of Chriftes-
Chirche Twinham, and the Landes there aboute as of the
Hundrede of [Ringwod,]
Syns of later tymes the Monteacutes Erles of Saresbyri were
Lordes of Chriftes-Chirch Twinham and the Hundrede of
Ringewod. Chriftes-Chirch Twinham and the Hundrede of Ringcwodde

a Graunte'] Leg. Gaunte,

1 Gaunte a loco tanturo Natali, » Hampfire cam

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 95
cam after to one of the « later Beauchamps Erles of Warwike
by Mariage ofa Doughter of the Blode of the Monteacutes.
The new Forefte in Hampfeire.
There be yn it 9, Waulkes.
It is by Eftimation in Cumpace 
Ther be o» Kepers, to Raungers, a Bowberer, and the
Lord Wardein, which is the Erie of Arundalehy Enheritaunce.
There was fum Forefte Grounde there, as fum fuppofe,
afore Kyng Wylliam Conqueror's tyme.
The Place wher it is fayde that Tyre lie kyllyd King William
Rufius ys caullid Tborougham, and there ftandith yet a Chapelle.
Blakemore yn Dorfietefeire was a Foreft. It ftreachid from Foi. isi«
Ivelle onto the Quarters of Shaftesbyri, and touchid with
Gillingham Forefte that is nere Shaftesbyri.
Blakemore was deforeiWd in King William Conqueror's tyme.
At the which tyme and lone; afore „, it_ -x, , , ..
were the Thornehulles of Tharnehul, and . Hul was\that Worde to the
tht Leuftons of Lewftonwith Dela Line ^aule "°W '" HS
in Eftimation aboute Blakemore.
Blandeford Toune in Dorjetfeire longgid to the Erledom
of Lancafter.
Ryve a great riche Heyre in Blandeford.
:.,Chiddour a good Husband Tounelet to " Axbridge in Somer
fetfeire. ,. It lyith on the Rootes of Mendupe Hilles.
, . Martines old Gentilmen in Dorjetfeire.
x So alfo in Stowe. But Mr. Burton hatb drawn a Line under
later Beauchanips in the Original, and hatb written Neville oner
bead. Axbrige,
The End of the Sixth Volume of
Mr. Leland's Itinerary.

Vol. 6. N A LETTER

$6

A LETTER
From the Reverend
Mr. FRANCIS BROKESBY
to the Publifher,
Containing an Account of fome Obfervations relating
to the Antiquities and Natural Hiftory of
E N G L A N D.
SIR
As' Mr. Camden's Performance in collecting the An
tiquities of Britain, and obfervable things in it,
has juftly been valu'-d by judicious Perfons ; ashave
ahVthevColleclionsof others who have made Ad
ditions to his Britannia : fo it muft be owned that there are
great Difficulties and Difeouragements that -they muft needs
.meet with, "that attempt any thing of -that nature ; cbjefly
heoaufe they cannot deliver much of what they write from
their own Knowledge, but from the Information of others.
And we -may learn "by our own Experience how little thefe
are to be rely'd on. I omit thofe who tell to fuch Writers
monftrous Untruths, and then laugh at them and the credu
lous World forfeelievihg '.their jFifttsasi; there are too many
others that take up things on Vulgar Report without due Exa
mination, which often want a Foundation. I own, that if all
Perfons who undertake fuch a Defign did, as Mr. Leland, and
after him Mr. Camden, and which Dr. Plot propounded to
do in his Letter, which you have publifh'd, travel over Bri
tain and make their Obfervations themfelves, this might in
part be prevented : But not wholly, in that they muft take up
fometimes with fecond-hand Obfervations : tho' this ought
to be excus'd, efpecially when they tell their Author. J3ow
much lefs can they do this, that do not travel, who are' im-
nos'd on thro' the Ignorance, Unaccuracy, or want of Dili
gence

A Letter relating to the Antiquities &e. gy
geace in their Informers ? Hence if fomething of this kind
has happen'd, ire the Additions to Camden, with which Dr.
Gibfion has obliged! the World, it may admit of excufe, and
will find: it with candid Readers : tho' I doubt not but you'I
join with me ip wifhing that the Dr. had had as diligent, ac
curate and faithful Informers of things, in other Parts, of
Englaad, as he had in Wales from your learned Friend, who
was feted for fuch a Perfonmance. But really, Sir, this has
made me Lefis willing to have thofe few Obfervations, which
I formerly Imparted to you, publifhed ; both becaufe curious
Readers wilt judge them trivial, tho' you arepleas'd to
think otherwife of them ; and becaufe fome of them are re
ceiv'd on Hearfay, and poflibly not fufficientiy attefted or re
ceived from Perfons of lefs Diligence and Acquaintance with
fuch things than is requilite in fuch Cafes. Efpecially, when
the. Reafon of my drawing them up was upon a Suppofal of
a New Edition of Camden's Britannia, that I might contri
bute what lay in my power to that ufeful Work, and ima
gined they might have been fome way ferviceable to the Re
verends Editor. However, I have revis'd-them, and digefted
them' as near as I could to that Method which Dr. Plot had
prefcrib'd to himfelf, if he had been imploy'd in that Wor
thy Undertaking, which he propounded in his Letter by you
publifh'd ; tho' poor and mean in refpect to thofe which
were defign'd by that Worthy Perfon in his propos'd Jour
ney : thefe being only in. fome few Countries in England, and
made curforily.
For to begin with the Firft, that of Manufcripts, I know
of none that I have feen. 'Tis true, that of that Learned
Gentleman, Mr. Walter Chetwyhd, who had made confider
able Additions to Mr. Burton's Hiftory of L eiceftrefeire, ought
not to be forgotten, when queftionlefs it affords feveral
ufeful and delightful Obfervations upon my Native Country.
I hear that 'tis in the Hands of the learned and ingenious
Mr. Charles King, who was a Companion and Afliftant to
Mr. Chetwyndin his Studies.
I have likewife heard of Dr. Nathaniel Johnfton's Antiqui
ties ©f Yorkfeire, which he was for feveral years colle&ing.
In whofe Hands the MS. is, I cannot learn at this diftance.
I cannot but be pleas'd whh Dr. Plot's making the Improve
ment of Natural Hiftory another thing to be defigned by his
Traveller ; in that the Difcovery of the great Works of the
Creation tends fo much to the Honour of the Great Creator,
as well as to the Benefit of Mankind. For whilft we Cott
le template

tji A Letter relating to the Antiquities
template their vaft Variety, their particular Beauties apd Ex
cellencies, their Symmetry, their Subfervience to each other,
and, to name no other, their ufefulnefs to Man, the Lord of
this Inferior World, we cannot forbear adoring the Almighty
Power, the Infinite Wifdom and Goodnefs of God, which
appears in them, and cry out with the Pfalmift, O Lord, haw
manifold are thy Works ? in wifdom baft thou made them all.
The Earth is full of thy riches ; and Jo is the great and wide Sea.
Hence I cannot but acknowledge that Obfervations in this
are worthy my Sacred Profeffion, and only am afham'd that
lean add fo little to the curious Obfervations made in this
laft Age, which I hope yet will admit of a further Improve
ment by the diligent Searches of others. Indeed Gentlemen
of Eftates are they that are capacitated for this noble Em-
ploiment, as having Leifure and Abilities to difcharge the Ex-
pence that attends this Undertaking : "in which they would
find truer Delight and greater Satisfaction than Debauchees
in their fenfitive brutifh Pleafures. And here I am ready to
pity thofe, who deprive not only the Publick of the Benefit,
tut alfo themfelves oPthefingular Satisfaction, that might ac
crue from thefe Studies ; of which fome Excellent Perfons,
fuch as the truly Honourable Mr. Boyl, and the Worthy Mr.
Francis Willughby, have fet them fuch admirable Examples.
But efpecially I cannot but exprefs my Companion to and
Indignation againft thofe, who, inftead of this, indulge them
felves in finful Pleafures, to the impairing their Health, fhort-
ening their Days, ruining their Families, and (which is worft
of all) loofing the Favour of God, inward Peace, and eter
nal Felicity.
Leaving that Digrefiion, I come to give you fome of my
Obfervations of Natural Hiftory, which I have made in the
Parts of this my Native Country, while I travell'd therein on
Bufinefs, or to vifit Friends, and not on a defign to make
Obfervations ; and thence 'tis no wonder they are (as I freely
confefs) mean andflender.
I begin with Mineral Waters. And here I wifh that I was
able to give you any account ofthe feveral Minerals that are
the Products of this our Native Country, or at leaft of thofe
by which our Medicinal Springs are impregnated. For fome
Effays of this nature we are oblig'd to the learned apd dili
gent Enquirer into the Hiftory of Nature Dr. Lifter, in his
Treatife de Fontibus Medicatis : and may hope for a further
Account from the no lefs induftrious Searcher into the Hi
ftory

And Natural Hiftory of England. 99
ftory of Nature, efpecially the Bowels of the Terraqueous
Globe, with the Hiftory of which I hope he'l perfift to oblige
the World, as he has in a great meafure already by his Effay
to it ; I mean Dr. John Woodward, of whom you have given
a deferved Character in your Notes on Livy. But concern
ing this, Sir, you muft exfpect nothing from me, who know
nothing of it, but what is obvious to every one.
I fhall begin with that Species of Mineral Waters, which,
tho' not of the Medicinal kind, yet fuch as are fignally bene
ficial to this Nation, and thofe are the Salt Springs, the Pro
duct of which (befides the Salt made of Sea Water at the
Shields &c. ) is both of great Service for our own Ufe, and
highly beneficial to our felves when exported for the ufe of
our Neighbours. Thofe at Namptwich, Midlewich and North-
wich in Chejhire, at Droitwich in Worcefterfeire, at the Brine-
pitts &c. in Staffardfeire, are too well known to be infifted
on ; and fome of them particularly handled by Mr. Camden
with refpect to the Salt Pitts. The Method of making Salt
is told us by Mr. Ray in his firft Edition of Local Words*
There is one Species of this Mineral, which I find not ob
ferv'd by any Writers, which is a Product of this our Native
Country, and that is Rock-Salt, which I faw at Leverpool,
whither it was brought to be refined. The fineft Pieces of
which, in which there was none, or very little of Earthy
Subftance mixed with it, refembled Sugar-Candy. This, I
hear,is taken out ofthe Earth at Northwicb and other Wiches,
and probably the Salt Springs, as they run thro' thefe, are
impregnated thence by them. This Rock-Salt is taken notice
of in fome late Acts that concern the Duty laid on Salt.
And becaufe this Salt is refined at Leverpool, and a great
deal of it and other Salt exported thence, give me leave to
fay fomething of that Place, tho' it be a Diverfion. The pre
fent flourifhing Condition thereof is indeed taken notice of
in the Additions to the Britannia ; but when 'tis, even fince
that Edition of Mr. Camden's Britannia, vaftly increas'd by
the Addition of new Streets and other Buildings, befides many
other things that are obfervable, I fuppofe, fomething fur
ther of it will not be unacceptable. It formerly had only one
Church, that of S. Nicolas, and that not Parochial j but only
a Chapel to Walton. But fince the Town is fo vaftly in
creased in the Number of the Inhabitants, they are by Act of
Parliament made a diftinct Parifh, and have built another
very fair Church, which was confecrated June 29th. 1704,
and dedicated to S. Peter. They are but one Parifh, tho'
they

loo A Letter relating ta the Antiquities
they have two Churches, and' two Joint-Rectors, on whom
a competent Maintenance ii fettled in the method by' which
the London Clergy are provided for. They drive fe- great a
Trade to Barbados, Jamaica, and to the Cdribee Iflands, and-
alfo to Virginia, Maryland, &c. that their Cuftomes have
been the greateft 'm England, next to thofe of London and
Briftol, and in fome Years not long fince have equalled chofer
of Br'tfiol. Their unfueeefsful Voyages of late, ©eeanon'd by
fheir Loffes- from French Privateers, have not difcouragerj
them from fettfng upon making a Dock ot- Key j the ordinary
Station of Ships by the Town-fide being mrifecure, and their
Ships often damaged as they lay therein. To enable then*
to go thorow with this Work, they have procured an A&. of
Parliament. I might have here taken notice of fame other Sea Pore
Towns that have of late driven a good Trade, whofe begin
nings to flourifh commenced about the fame time with Lever
pool, that is betwixt fourty and fifty Years fince. Such are
Bridlington Key, Stockton on Tees, and, I believe, Whitehaven)
in Cumberland? (tho' for the date of it's rife, I am uncer
tain ;.) and poffibly feveral others thafrl am unacquainted with.
But I return from this Digreflion.
As for Mineral Waters, they are of great Variety in Eng
land, and new Springs are frequently difcover'd ; efpecially
the Chalybeat and Purging Waters. To omit the celebrated!
Springs atTunbridge, Epfem, &c. I fhall not need to tell you<
of the Bunninghill Waters,, which are of the firft kind ; nor
- of Ho-ly John (commonly call'd Folly John) Waters, of the
fecond fort, thefe being in Berkjhire, near the Place of your
Nativity. Befides the Chalybeat Wells at Polefiworth in War-
wickfeire, at Sfpuarndon near Derby, and others long fince
known', there have been fome within a few years difcover'd
in thofe Pkrts, as at Lichfield, at Cadeby in Leicefterfbire, near
Market Bofworth ; alfo at Latbom in Lancajbire.
I obferv'd the like near Shifinall in Shropjhire, and at Made-
hy not far from thence adjoining to Severn. Where (par-
dorr my Digreflion) are confiderable Cole Mines into which
they defcend not, as in other Places, into Pitts ; but go in
at the Side of a Hill, into which arc long Paffages, both
ftrait forward,, and from thence on each fide ; from whence
they have dug the Coles: which, by fmall Carriages, with
four Wheels of above a foot Diameter, thruft by Men, they ,
convey not only out of the long underground Paffages, but
even to the Boats which lye in the Severn ready to receive them:

¦ Aad:Hktuml Hiftory of England. lOt
*henv: a Sight with which fome years ago I was not a little
fAeas'-d, The W^ater that comes out of that Hill, from the
OJowels of which thofe 'Coles were dug, was impregnated
with the Iwwi Mine, which is beneficial as Medicinal, yet
incommodious to fthe Inhabitants when imploy'd for ordi-
aiary ufe. And -this they are forced to, when they Ihave none
«rther nearthem,
-> Qppofite to Madeley, on :the other fide of Severn, lies
sMr>afdey, where there is a Pitch made, which as 'tis in the
iime of War afforded -.cheaper than the ordinary Pitch, fo is
as fervioeable for Ships and Boats, and hence is fent down
the Severn to Bewdley, Worcefter, Glocefter and Briftol for
'that Service. 'Tishy Fire extracted out of their Coles, which
«onfi-ft much of a 'Refimous Subftance. Near this Place are
Chalybeat Springs, which of late have been much fre
quented. As for the Scarboraw-Spatv, that is mention'd in the Addi-.
/tions to ihe' Britannia, p. 765. As alfo are the Sweet Spam,
the Sulphur-Welt at Knaresbrougb, and that of S. Mongab's,
and the Droppmg->Well p. 733, And hence I need fay nothing
-of fhem.
I cannot but take notice of a Spring near Beverley in the
Eeft-Ridmg of Yorkfeire, concerning which I receiv'd this
Account from a Worthy Phyfician of that Place, Ithat fome
remarkable Cures had been wrought by it, (which are men
tion'd -in -the Additions to the Britannia) as the drying Scor-
hutic Scurf, and helping in the King's-Evil ; .But that he could
not find that it was impregnated with any Mineral by the
Several Methods which he us'd to that Purpofe.
As for PlaPtsthat are lefs frequent, it cannot beexfpected
that I fhould add any thing to what that late learned Perfon,
and my honour' d Friend, Mr. Ray has communicated to the
World, & Which -he has imparted, jn the Britannia of the laft
Edition, at they are to be found in eackCounty of England.
Ihave feen Caraivaies growing plentifully in the Meadows
or Commons of He/fell about three Miles from Hull, near
Humber, which the Poor People gather when ripe, and fell
to the Shops, and are efteem'd- of equal goodnefe with thofe
that grow in Gardens. But the Plant which I chiefly ob
ferv'd for it's Rarity, and could never find mention'd in any
Herbal, was near 30. Years fince ftiewn me by a Wood fide
^belonging to Brampton near JChefterfield, in the Spring time.
There were many Elowers, without any Herb or Leaf ac
companying them. Thefe rofe from a Root, which fpred it

102

A Letter relating to the Antiquities
it felf feveral ways near the Surface of the Earth, ofa light
Spongy Subftance^onfifting of feveral Joints or ^ds which
fomewhat refembled the Herb of Hors-tatl about an ^Inch
from each other, (fo far as I can remember ;) but beiPg kept
in a Box dry, contracted themfelves, and were near toge
ther The Flower is one round Stalk which is encompaffed
a little above an Inch from the ground with abundance of
long Bellflowers that are red, fpotted with white (and, if 1
forget not, other Colours, much refemblmg the Colour of
fome Orchis's) clofely joining together, but bending one way,
fo that on one part there is a kind of Flatnefs* where the
Ends of the Bells meet at the Stalk.
Tbe Simplers there fuppos'd it a Species of Orobanche or
Broome-rope ; but 'tis much different from, and of fhorter
Continuance than the ordinary Orobanche. I gave Mr. Ray
as good an Account of it, as my memory would _giye me
leave, a little before he fet out his Third Volume of his Hi
ftory of Plants. His Anfwer to me was this : " The Plant
« you have defcrib'd— if it be not the Orobanche radtce den-
« tata major, or the Anblatum Cordi, which grows in feveral
« Places of England, is a Stranger to me. As you reprefent
« it, it feems to have more and fmaller Flowers than that, but
« I guefs it is the fame. If it be the leffer fort, I have not
« feen it in England". But enough ot this.
Our Nation is juftly celebrated for, and receives vaft ad
vantage bv, it's Variety of Metals ; much by that of Lead,
which is found not only in Derby-jhire, but likewife in fome
other Countries, and is exported into other Nations. Uur
Iron is .advantageous, as it imploys fuch Multitudes inWork-
ino- it into fo many things that are ufeful to our felves, and
alfo from the vaft Profit that redounds tous from them when
exported into Forreign Parts. As we have the Oar of this
Metal in Warwick- fhire, Derby-jhire, &c. and this melted
down in Furnaces, and after perfeded by Forges, and by
Slitting Mills, and otherwife fitted for various Ules, and fur
ther wrought at Birmingham, Sheffield, &c. into Sythes, Axes
Knives, Locks, and many other things neceffary and fervice-
able • So withal there is in Monmouth-feire, or thereabouts'
in Wales, a peculiar fort ofiron, made ofthe Roman Cinders
that remain thereabouts, which is more pliant and malleable
than any other fort of our Iron, and hence of great ufe for
Plates of Locks, and the like Ufes. This being convey d by
the Severn to Bewdley, is thence fetched to Birmingham.
Might not the Roman Fabrica, mention'd in the hatb in-
b fcnption,

And Natural Hiftory 3/* England. 103
fcription, chiefly make ufe of Iron fetcht from thence, confi
dering its nearnefs ? Thefe Cinders your learned Friend Mr. ,
ite/y^obferves in explaining Jupiter Doiychenus Brit. />.6o5*
ahd Yarrington in England's Improvement by Sea and Land.
We have likewife fome Mines of Copper, as in Cumberland,
mention'd by Camden, Brit. p. 821, & 833. Which as 'tis of
it felf when wrought into Vefl'els beneficial ; fo much more,
when by the Mixture ofthe Lapis Calaminaris with it, (which
is withal a Product of our own Country, being found in.
Mendipp-Hills in Somerfet-feire ; and alfo in Ochil-Hills in
Strathern in Scotland, as is Copper, Camd. Brit. p. 951.)
is made that ufeful Metal of Brafs. • This, tho' more plenti
fully near Briftol, is alfo wrought in this Neighbourhood near
Bifeani, to the benefit of this Nation, which formerly re- '
ceiv'd it from others.
At Bifeam likewife fometime fince they made Tin-Plates,
or Iron tinn'd over, (which before had come from Forreign
Parts, chiefly, as I am told, from Hungary ;\ and this was per
formed by them with great Exactnefs ; yet when it did not
compensate the Charges, 'twas here laid afide. But certainly
when Tin is the Product of England, for which Cornwall is
fo famous, and we have fo much of Iron, and now the Art
is known among us ; 'tis pity, that thefe ingenious and in-
duftrious Perfons, who are acquainted with this Myftery„
had not found fome other Place in our Nation, where they
might at a cheaper rate have been accommodated with Coles,
&c. (the Dearnefs of which difcourag'd them from perfifting
here) and refum'd it to their own Benefit, and to the Ad
vantage and Honour of this Country. And 'tis withal pity,
that things fo beneficial to the Publick fhould not meet with
due Encouragement.
Near the fame Place, viz. at Marlow, as there is a Mill
Contriv'd with the greateft Advantage for making Oil, and"
where Linfed Oil cold drawn, a Medicine of fingular ufe, is
made with great Exactnefs : fo alfo by the fame ingenious
Perfops Management, there's another Mill erected for the
making of Thimbles, which formerly we receiv'd from other
Countries, but are now become theManufacture of -JEngland,
to our Advantage and Reputation.
Plants, that adorn the Surface of the Earth, and with their
Beauty, Elegancy and Fragrancy highly gratify us ; and fo
likewife Minerals and Metals, that enrich the Bowels ofthe
Earth, and are both in many refpects advantageous to us,
deferve our Qbfervation and Confideration : But chieftyj as
Vo l. 6. O they

J0, A Letter relating to the Antiquities
they difplay the Glory of the Great Creator, in which fo
much of his Wifdom, Goodnefs and other Perfedions ap
pear, and particularly as he has made them fubfervient to
the good of his Creatures that are of an Higher Clafs, efpeci
ally to that of Mankind.
This brings to the next Subjea propounded by Ur. Plot
for his Obfervations, viz. Animals. Here I wifh I was able
to tell you what Animals are peculiar to each Country, which
no doubt curious Obfervers can do; in what Places and Soils
particular forts of Cattle thrive, where Sheep are largeft and
have the greateft Fleeces, as in Ldcefter-Jbire, &c. and where
they have the fineft Wool, as in that part of Sbrop-feire con
fining on Stafford-Jhire, and other things that might be ufeful,
but come not under my Obfervation, tho' they deferve that
of others. .
As for Men, among other things Dr. Plot takes notice ot
the Prognofticks of the Death of the Chief of the Family,
and inftances ("which Mr. Camden alfo obferves) in that of
the Breretons, before the Death of the Chief or Heirs of
which Family Bodies of Trees are feen on a Mere or Lake.
The report of which put me and others on enquiring of a
young Gentleman, Son to the then Lord Brereton (about
45. Years ago) concerning the Truth of this Omen. In an
fwer hereto he gave us this fhort Narrative ; that fome Years
before, News being brought to his Mother that the Logs ap
pear'd in the Mere, fhe was exceedingly concern'd at it ;
and under that Trouble and Confternation went to my Lord
in his Study : who, feeing his Ladie'sTears, and Trouble that
appear'd in her Countenance, asked what the Occafion there
of was ? She told him the Logs appear'd. He asking, what
then? She anfwered, that flie fear'd his Death nearly ap
proached. My Lord was without any Concern, not only as
a good Chriftian, not difmay'd with thoughts of Death, but
as he flighted fuch Prognofticks, as ill grounded Fancies, hav
ing no Foundation. And withal this young Gentleman
told us, that for feveral years neither his Father died (who,
if I miftake not, was then, when he told us this, alive) nor
any confiderable Branch of his Family. This I mention to
evince on what forrv grounds fuch Superftitious Obfervations
are built, probably' from fome ill infer'd general Conclusion
on fome particular Accident ; and confequently how little
heed ought to be given to them.
Among other things that concern Mankind, that of Wo
men having many Children at a birth is worthy of our Ob
fervation*

'And Natural Hiftory of England. 105
fervation. Of this there were, near 50. years fince, two
-remarkable Inftances in Hull, one of a Goldfmith's Wife,
who had four Children born within the fpace of a Year, viz.
three Children at a Birth, and before the Twelve-month was
expir'd, another : The other more confiderable of a Poor
Woman, who had four Children at a Birth, viz. three Boys,
and one Girl. The latter was born dead, but the three Boys
all alive, and all Baptiz'd, and named Shadrach, John (the
Godfather having forgotten the name allotted to his Godfon)
and Abedkego. The great number of People, who came to
fee this Sight, was of ill Confequence to the Mother, and
fioffibly thereby to the Children, none of them living long
after; both by difturbing her of her Reft, making the little
Houfe damp thro' the Dirt and Show their Feet brought in,
in that Winter Seafon, and by the ill Management of the
Mony that was given her by her Vifitants, which was im-
ploy'd in buying, and giving her Strong Liquors not proper
ifor her Condition. The firft of thefe Inftances I had from the
Perion her felf, the laft from a very dear Friend who faw the
Children. As for Inftances of Perfons that liv'd to fee Multitudes of
themjthat defcended from themfelves, I defpair to find any
anfwerable to that mention'd by Dr. Plot, and I think it vain
to attempt to give any that comes near it, viz. that of the
Lady Temple, who liv'd to fee Seven Hundred of her Pofterity.
Before I read this, I judg'd that of the Lady Honywood re
markable, who liv'd to fee 365, . as many as there are days
in the Year, of her Defcendents ; two Hundred of whom at
one time dined with her, of whom Dr. Honywood, who was
Dean of Lincoln in King Charles the Second's tyme, was one;
who told this to a Clergy-man, from whom I receiv'd it.
As for the long Lives of Perfons mention'd in my former
Letters, which I am unwilling to tranfaibe ; I muft add that
of Mrs. Elizabeth Lock, an antient Maid of London, who dy'd
there lately, viz. Febr. i"]\°. aged One Hundred and fix. As
for the Old Woman in Lancafeire, call'd the Cricket of the
Hedge, whom Mr. Atherton, a Native of Lancafeire, and his
cotemporary in the College near Dublin, told Mr. Dodwell
of, and that fhe remembred Bafwarth-field ; I receiv'd this
following Account from a Worthy Friend, in a Letter dated
Aug. 23. 1709. who gave me it from the Relation of a Gen
tleman who was a Native of the Place, where fhe had her
refidence many years, which he receiv'd from antient Neigh
bours, who generally agreed in their Relations. " She was
O 2 "born

106 A Letter relating, to the AntiquiileS
" born at Over, a Town near Delamere Forreft in Chefeirt,
" Her Chriftian Name was Margaret, her Maids Name un-
" known. She was of little Stature, naturally of apleafant,
" facetious Temper, her Converfation agreeable to her Fa-
" mily and Neighbours : always eafy and content with her
" Condition, very careful and diligent in Bufinefs, She was
" fome years a Servant in the Family of the Downs of Shrig-
ttr7ey ; afterwards maried to one Humphrey Broadhurft a La-
" bourer in Husbandry- Work. They liv'd on a finall Tene-
" ment in Hedgerow in the Townfhip of Rainow in Chejhire,
«' belonging to the Leghs of Lyme. From which Place and
«' merry Temper fhe was very probably call'd the Cricket of
" the Hedge. She and her Husband, having little to fubfift
«' on, but the Fruits of their own Labour and Induftry,brought
«' up nine Children very decently, without being troublefome
*' to their Neighbours. — She was never known to be fick>
11 nor inclin'd to Lazinefs, but would always be doing fome-
" thing, according to her Ability, and could walk nimbly till
«' a few years before her Death. Her Diet was plain, whole-
" fome Country-fare, in which fhe was temperate ; very fre-
" quently Water Pottage (a common Lancafeire Difh, made
« of Oatmeal and Water, boil'd to a thick Confiftence, and
" eaten with Milk, Butter, Drink, iSc.) and in her old age
" confifted much of Manchet and new Milk, of which fhe
" did eat but a little at once, and pretty often. She was vi-
" fited by many Perfons of Quality, and others of inferior
" Rank, out of Curiofity. Some years before her Death Sir
" George Booth fent for her to Dunham, and would have kept
" her, and a Relation of hers^ to take care of her : But after
" about a Month's ftay, fhe told Sir George fhe could not live
" by his Diet, but muft return to her old Fare, or die fhortly.
" Towards the end of her Life fhe was reduced to that de-
" gree of Weaknefs, that fhe was carried as a Child in her
*' youngeft Daughter's Arms, (who with her Husband are
" much commended for their conftant care of her );and fome-
" times rock'd in a Cradle. According to the beft Compu-
" tation being near One Hundred and Forty years old, fhe
" died by the Gradual decays of old Age, without Pain or
" Sicknefs, at Tower-hill in Rainow, almoft 60. years fince,
" and was buried at the Parifh Church of Preftbury. That
" this Computation is very moderate is evident from the Te-
" ftimony of one M". Brideoak, fent me by Mr. L. She out
" of curiofity vifited the old Cricket, and demanding her
*' Age, fhe anfwer'd, I was fourfcore years old when I bare
« th3t

And Natural Hiftory ^England. 107
*« that Snicketi (meaning her Daughter then prefeiit) and
" Ihe is now threefcore years old. He could not be inform'd
« how long fhe furviv'd that Vifit". This is a Digreflion, but,
if I may judge of -your thoughts by my own, will not be
unacceptable. Whilft Iwas writing this, I hear ofa Woman in London,
not far from the Tower, who is aged, about 130. years, had
feen Queen Elizabeth, &c.
-¦• As for Banks. \hat were of old caft up, either by the Ro-
mans, or fince by the Saxons, probably in fome Places as
Boundaries, befides the Avefiditch-bfink betwixt Kirtlington
and Fritwell in Oxfiord-feire, which are figured in the Map of
that County in the laft Edition of Camden's Britannia ; I
have obferv'd feveral in other Parish particularly in York
feire, in the Eaft-Riding, one betwixt Riplingham and
Weedleyi and thence extending Southwards towards Humber.
But a more remarkable one is that in the Weft-Riding, which
begins about Sprotburgb on the River Don, hear Dohcqfter,
and then runs on Northwards feveral Miles in the great
Road towards York, ferving as a Caufey ; but then, the Road
forfakingit, it bends a little Weftward, for fome Miles; how
far, I know not.
To thefe (tho'lefs confiderable) Monuments of Antiquity,
it will not be unwelcome, to give you an Account of fome
Novelties, which are in my Thoughts obfervable, and which
I imparted to that worthy Perfon, for whom both you and I
have fo juft an Honour, Dr. J. Woodward, in that I thought
it might be ferviceable to him in his defign'd Hiftory of the
terraqueous Globe. * The firft is the Ifland of Sunk in Humber^,

* The firft is tbe Ifia'ndofSmk &e.J In a Letter dated from
"Shotte sbrvoke March i8tk. 1744. Mr. Brokesby gives me thi*
farther Account of this Ifland, viz.
' My Worthy Friend and Kinfman who lives in Hull, whm I
confulted concerning the Ifiand in Humber called tbe Sunk, be
ing difappointed of Opportunities of iiifeting it himfelf, as be
defegned , gives me this Account , •which be. received from a
Perfon tuba is an Inhabitant thereof, both of it's Extent and
Producl , confirmed ly %ubat be likeiuife had from others , as
fallonxis. " The Ifland when it was given to Colonel A. G.
** was never quite overflown but at Spring Tides. At Neep
''Tides (as I am informed by fome of the. oldeft Mariners
<' in thjs Place) it was conftantly, fo long as they remember, " dry

«o8 A Litter relating to the Atitfgltifies
figured in the Map of the Eaft-Riding- of Yorkfeire, in the
laft Edition of the Britannia, and indeed (Could not be in
thofe of Mr. Camden's fetting forth, becaufe not then nor
naany years after in being. It was fpoken of as a Novelty
when I firft went into York-fhire, 44. years age*. A little af
ter which time it Was beftoW'd On Colonel Anthony Gilby,
then Deputy-Governourof HuU^hy a Grant from K-itigCbarJes
the Second. It is reported to be at firft a great. Bank of Sand,
(of which there are ftill many to be feen in Humber at Low
Water,) that thereat other mud and matter ftopt; and then
ftill more and more by degrees, till it arriv'd to it's prefent
bignefs. There's another remarkable Alter atbn that happened a-
bout the fame time with the other, and that is, Humber 's
(deferring feme Land Which it formerly overflowed near
Bromfiete, and thereby augmenting the Commons of thePa-

** dry, ahd had on the higheft parts thereof Grafs. It is reck-
•* oned About Seven Miles about, and is of an Oblong Figure;
" and is 'feparated from Holdtrntfs by a Chanel near two
" Miles- broad, which at low Water is almoft dry, and in 40.
" or 50. Years {according to the computation of the People
" that live near it, and who pretend to ground their Account
** upon? good Obfervations) is exfpe&ed to be wholly filled
*' up, and the Ifland joined to the Main Land, if that be a
*• proper Expreffion when; a Smaller Ifland is joined to 3
" Greater. It produces all forts of Grain, but efpecially
" Barley and Oats, which come to- much greater Perfection
«* than in any other part of Yorkfeire befides, or in the Neigh-
" bouring Counties. Befides thefe, there grows a great deal
" of Woad, which iff a Plant for Dying with» or at leaft for
" giving the Ground to Blew and Green, as I am, informed.
« There are near zoqo. Acres inclofed with High Banks to
" keep out the Sea, which otherwife would overflow the
" Ifland at Spring Tides. Befides this,' there are 6, or 700. Acres
" more of very good Ground, and of as fine Grafs as any in
*« England, not inclofed, and therefore frequently overflown,
" at High Tides, on which they feed a great many Horfes
" and Sheep. But tho' it be overflown, the Water rifes not
" much above the Ground, . £0 that 'tis foon dry again.
'* Moft of thefe Horfes and Sheep are bred upon the Ifland
** and thrive very well ; efpeciafly the Horfes, which are
" chiefly of the large fhse for Coaches. They have lately put
" feveral Thoufand Couples of Black Rabbits upon it, whofe
" Furrs

And Natural Hiftory of England, lOy
rifli of South-Gave to the Quantity of near eight Hundred
Acres : near which is a fmall Ifland, which 'tis exfpeaed will
in a little *ime be join'd tb the Continent, and become a fur
ther Addition to thofe Paftures. This recovery of fo much
Land oecafion'd a vSuit in Chancery to whom it fhould be
long ; whether an Addition to the Commons of the Inhabi
tants of the Parifh of South-Cave, or to the Lord of the Ma
nor ? Whether Humber, when it left fo much there, en
croached not on other Parts, particularly on the Meadows on
Lincoln-feire fide, I am not able to acquaint you.
Among other things that deferve aTraveller's Obfervations,
I look not on thofe as the meaneft which tend any way to
the Advancement of Husbandry. The little Knowledge I
have of things of this nature renders me lefs capable of bene
fiting the World with any Obfervations of this kind, yet by
converting with others I fometimes meet with fomething
that may not be unufeful. As I was going over the Mores

" Furrs are more valuable than the common Grey. The
" Ifland has frequently been almoft overrun with Rats : for
" which Reafon they were forced from time to time to buy
" in a great many Cits to deftroy them. From whence thefe
" Rats come is variously difputed, but I think 'tis moft pro-
" bable that they come from aboard of Ships, efpecially For-
" reign Ships, which either from the want of Pilots, or the
" Ignorance of Pilots, are put afliore here. The prefent-Pro-
" prietor of the Ifland has drefled thefe Rats for food, but
" could never perfwade his. Workmen to feed on them, tho*
" they might have had plenty of 'em for nothing. Some
" Years ago they made a Decoy upon the Ifland, which is
" plentifully ftored with Wild Fowl, efpecially Ducks and,
" Teal. But it turns to little account for want of Trees,
" which will not grow well here,, by reafon (as 'tis thought,)
" the Ground is too fait. [Tho' I believe, 'tis by. reafon of
" the Air, having obferved, that Tree? feldom thrive near
" the Sea-fide ; and that what Trees grow there, that fide of
'• them which is furtheft from the Sea moft flouriihes.] There
" are three Houfes upon the Ifland, and eight Men to take
" care of the Banks and other matters." My Friend adds ;
" This Account I had from the chief of the Men that are
" employed to look after the Affairs of the Ifland, and I be-
" lieve it to be a very good One.* for he is a fenfible Man,
•' and was very ready to inform me about arty thing I ask'd
him,  » Of

HO A Letter relating^ ta the Antiquities
of York-feire and Derby-jhire, a Friend, with . whom I tra-*
veiled, told me of one, in Sheffield, who having . taken notice
of the Soil of fome part of , .thofe Mores, that it could not be
improper for Oats, and of a fmall Rent, broke up a good
Quantity of that Ground, and fowed Oats thereon, which,
came up plentifully and promifed a fair Crop, but never
came to due Maturity. This in all probability proceeded
from the want of Heat by reafon of the Hejghth of thofe
Hills, and poflibly together therewith the too great Mpifture
of thofe Mores, which Travellers that go that way are fen-
fible of. Tho' withal the nature of the Summer, wherein the
Experiment was made, ought to be confider'd, whether not
colder than ordinary.
As I was travelling by Namptwich, I was told of the great
Advantage Husbandmen made of the Refufe of the Salt ; not
by laying it immediately on their Lands, for then it would be
hurtfpl by reafon of it's great Heat ; but by mixing it with
a much larger Quantity of other Soil, taken out of Ditches
or other where, and laying it on Heaps for a Twelve-month.
Thus they deal with their Marl thereabouts, and do not lay
it on their Land immediately after it comes out of the Pitts
as they do in other Countries.
There are many things of this kind worthy pf a Traveller's
Obfervation, fuch as the Diverfities of Carriages and Plows,
the Advantages and Difadvantages of each kind, and hereby*
facilitating thefe to the great Benefit of the Husbandman.4
This I muft leave to others : but cannot omit one thing
which is practiced in the Eaft-Riding of York-feire, and that
is, that the fame Man who holds the Plow, do's alfo drive
the Horfes, which draw by Pairs. This is done by fattening
Strings or Cords to the outfide of the Collars of the Fore-
Horfes, to the other Ends of which Strings are Handles or
Loops, which they fallen to the Handles of the Plow, from
which when they take them off, they can (being us'd to it)
whip any of the Horfes, and thereby turn them at the Lands,
end. A thing not to be flighted, when by it the Wages ofa
Driver is fav'd.
'Tis of ufe moreover for Travellers to obferve the peculiar
Local Words, and Idioms of particular Countries, (tho' fuch as
refide in them have better opportunities to do it) that they
and others may the more eafily converfe with them ; but
chiefly, that we may from thence underftand the Origin of
our own Language, the Signification of the Names of Places
and of Families, and other things of this kind. My Refi-
dence

And -Natural Hiftory' of England.
dencefor many years in York-feire, where the Language was
fo' different from that of my Native Country, and other Places
where I had before dwelt, put me upon obferving the
Northern Words, wherewith I was before unacquainted ;
which I imparted to Mr. Ray, after I had feen his firft Col
lection of Local Words. Thefe he afterwards publifh'd in
his fecond Edition thereof,^-. 1691. together with fome
general Obfervations I made upon them. Some of thefe
later were as follows. (1.) That in thofe Northern Parts
they throw away. Afpirates which we ufe ; or rather that we
ufe fuch Afpirates which they reject, and which were not
originally in our Language, or in , thofe Languages from
which we hprrpw'd them.. .,, Such is the word Church, afpi-
rated by us both in the beginning and end of the Word,
which they rightly call Kyrk, from K^txrJt. The Names of
Kirkby. and Kirby fhew that it was thus pronounced in other
Countries.- Such is Cheft, which they call Kift, or Cift, di-
rectlyanfwering to Cifta. We call the Tuffis convulfiva Chin-
cough, they Kinkcough, the Word Kink fignifying, and is
there us'd in this fenfe, to hold the Breath fo long as that
the Perfon is almoft fufrocated. (2.) They ufe a for 0 in
many words ; As Beam for a ChikL, not from the Syriac Bar,
as Mr. Ray • fuppos'd in his firft; Collection, but for Born,
which, as beam, is the Participle of bear, and fo exactly an-
fwers to the Latin natus, which fignifies both born and a
Child: . We fay to cope a wall, they to cape, from caput. The
Cape pf the .Cloak was to cover the Head. What we pro
nounce Oaki, ¦ they pronounce Ake, or Yake ; whence Ake-
corn or Acorn, Xhe Corn of the Oak x. For Broad, Broom,
Stone, Long, &c. they fay, Brade, Brame, Stone, Lang, [tho'
lefs confonant with longus,) Sec. Hence the Names of
Towns and families, Bradeley, Bramton, Stanton (Places ge-.
nerally remarkable for their being Stony) Langton and Lang-
ley, and many others anfwerable to thefe. I doubt not but
Grave as a Termination, of fome Towns, is the fame as
Grove, and fo the Name of the Families Graves and Greaves :.
anfwerable to thofe of Wood, Shaw, Hurft, Holt, &c. ofthe
like Signification. Hence the Name of the adjoining Town
of War grave, which many pronounce War grove ; when thefe

« Oakley, a Town's names is render'd in Latin Aclia, in
Saxon. Chronic.
Vol.6. P parts>

m

j 12 A Letter relating to tbe Antiquities
Parts, as we^l as the Chiltem, which is not far diftant from
it, were Sylvis horrida, a Character fometimes given to the
whole Ifland. Hence your fuppofal that Wargrave Was a
Place of Battle, or where fome were buried after a Battle,
is look'd on by Mr. Dodwell as only an ingenious Conjecture,
unlefs you had fome foundation for it in Hiftory. Many,
and indeed great Battles have been fought in this Ifland,
concerning which our Hiftorians tell us nothing. But there
are other Monuments of Battles, which, could you produce,
would confirm your thoughts of Wargrave ; and thofe are
Tumuli, commonly ftyl'd Barrows, fuch as thofe remarkable
ones near Stevenage in Hertford-feire, and feveral in other
Places, fome of which are mention'd by Mr. Camden, re-
fembling that which Tacitus in I. l.Annal. tells usGermanicus
rais'd, when he buried the Bodies of Varus's Legions. Mr.
Camden in his Britan. p. 352. fpeaking of Barklow, tells us,
" 'tis famous for four Barrows, fuch as our Anceftors us'd to
" raife to the memory of thofe Soldiers that were kill'd in,
" Battle, and their Bodies loft. Tho' withal p. 439. he tells
us that Hills, in which Coals, Potfherds, iSc. were put, were
frequently fet up as Bbundaries.
Your Etymology of Grave is unqueftionable : whence in
the Eaft-Riding of York-feire, they exprefs the Operation of
the Spade by graving ; as that of the Mattock, which they
call a Dig, by digging.
Among other things that refpect the Language, I obferve
that there are feveral Rivers of the fame Name, which makes
me conclude that the Names are originally Appellatives, and
would appear fo to fuch who are skill'd in the Septentrional,
or rather in the Britife Language, of which fome of thefe
evidently appear to be. And 'tis no wonder, that tho' Ci
ties and Towns, which are changeable, get new Names ;
that yet Rivers, which are ftill the fame, retain their old
ones. Wy, which is the Name of the River that runs by
Hereford, Moumouih, Sec. and alfo ofthat by Bakewell in
Derby-jhire, your late worthy Friend Mr. Lhwyd has fhewn
to be a Britife Appellative. Camd. Brit. p. 587. Had he
had occafion, I believe he, who was fo well vers'd in the
Originals of that Language, might have fhewn the fame in
many of thofe that follow. As Avon, the Name of the River
that runs by Briftol, of that which runs by Warwick and
Stratford, and of that in Northampton-feire, (otherwife call'd Nen)

And Natural Hiftory of England. II3
Nen) that runs by Avondale (or Oundle) it receiving it's
Name from it. Mr. Camden in Brit. p. 431. obferves, when
he fpeaks of this River, that Avon in the Britife Tongue is
a Name for all Rivers ; and to be fure is Britife, if Aufona
be the true Reading in Tacitus, Annal. 1. 12. 7. That River
in Wtlt-feire that runs by Salisbury is ofthe fame Name, and
poffibly others that I have not obferv'd. Owfie is the Name
of the River that runs by York, as alfo that by Huntingdon
&c. to Lynn. Is not Ifts the Latin word by which this is
exprefied ? "Cole is that River which runs by Colchefter, that
by CblefhiU in Warwick-Jbire, and that by Colebrook, which
parts Buciingham-Jbire from Middlefiex. Derwent, or Darent,
that by Derby, that in the Eaft-Riding of York-feire, that runs
by Mohan, Stanford-bridge, near which was the City Der-
ventie of the fame Name obferv'd by Mr. Camden, Brit. p.
736. As that in Kent is obferv'd p. 215. Stour, that by
Sturbridge in Worcefter-Jbire, that near where Sturbridge Fair
is kept, that by Stourminfter in Dorfiet-feire, that by Stour ton
in Wiit-jfhire, that which parts EJfex from Suffix, and feveral
more. Tame, that by Tame in Oxfiord-feire, that by Tamwortb
in Stafford- feire. And to name no more, (tho' I believe
others might be found) Rather, which goes by Rotherham in
York-feire, and gives name to it, and another in Sujfex.
As the Names of Rivers, fo many of Cities and Towns
are Appellatives. Such as Chefter and it's Compounds, from
the Roman Cqftra : That of Wich, whether from Vicus, or
rather fome Britife Original, I leave others to determine.
Thofe of Stoke, Ham, Hurft, Holt, Halm, Thorn, Sec. with
their Compounds are Saxon, and of Affinity to fome Places in
Germany, and other Northern Countries. But this is too
extenfive a Subject to be here handled.
When my firft Defign in imparting fome of my Obferva
tions to you was, that they might have been ferviceable to
the Reverend Dr. Gibfion in a new Edition of the Britannia,
which you, Sir, then gave me fome hopes of; I fhall not
omit to mind you of what I obferv'd as uncorrect and moft
blame-worthy in my thoughts ofthe former Edition, (which
muft not be imputed to the Dr.) that is, that Unaccuratenefs
of the Maps, even where they are copied from fuch as were
made with great Exactnefs, as in that of Staffardfeire from
that which was fo well drawn by Dr. Plot, fome Places, as
Wefton, being left out, others not fo exactly placed. Tho'
I have obferv'd Errors in other Maps, when I confulted them
P 2 about

1 14 A Letter relating to '-.the- Antiquities
about Places I travell'd in ; yetTI.only inftance: in thofe of
two Maps, that of Leicefter-feire my Native Country, and
that of the Eaft-Riding of York-fhire i where I had my Sta
tion above 20. years. In • the: former I find .Stanton under
Bardon (mifprinted Barton) . placed three Miles at leaft di
ftant from it's right Situation, which is a Mile North of 'Thorn-
ion towards Bar don-hill, from whence 'tis ftyl'd Stanton un
der Bardon, to diftinguifh it from other Stantons,. When
the Boundary of Leicefter-feire from Warwick-jbire is plain
and ftrait, viz. Watling-Street Road all along from. Witherley.
till it approaches Northampton-feire:, as is truly obferv'd in
the Map of Warwick-feire ; yet in the Map of Leicefter-/hire.,
the Boundary: is made to crofs that Road three, or foijr times,
and the Street way made. very little it's Limit, as it ought all
along to have been. The River Anker is reprefented in that
Map croffing Watling-Street over againft Lindley, whereas it
croffes it at Wither ley-bridge. In the Map of the Eaft-Riding
of York-feire I find feveral Villages that are wholly depopur
lated, as Wolfurton, Tranby, Heffelskugh, (mifprinted HeffeL)
This I do not blame : but then fome confiderable Villages,
as Little Wighton, Riplingham, &c, ought not to have been
omitted. Some Places are mifrecited. Elton is put for Etton,
Bromfield for Bromfiete. The true Situation of that great and
remarkable Town Kingfton upon Hull (commonly call'd
only Hull) is not accurate. It fhould have been put clofe
to the River Hull, which wafhes it on the Eaft, efpeci
ally when on the other fide of that River ftand its Blocks
houfes. Thefe few things I inftance in, that if ever there fhould be
a new Edition of the Britannia, greater care fhould be taken
herein, and due Information procur'd from judicious and
obferving Perfons.
Here 'tis time to flop, unlefs I had matter of greater
worth to impart to you. And, Sir, upon the Review here
of, I find that I have us'd the Privilege and Method of Tra
vellers ; who tho', before they fet out, they pitch upon a
Road which their Friends have advis'd, and their own
Prudence approv'd ; yet do not always exactly follow it,
but fometimes make Excurfions to gratify their own Cu
riofity with fome delightful Object., ancl (as they hope)
their Friends afterwards, with a Reprefentation of that
which pleas'd themfelves. If I have done this laft, I fhall
not loofe my End. I fhall permit it wholly to your judg-, ment

And Natural Hiftory of England. 1 15
ment either to communicate this Paper to others, or to fup-
prefs it. I am,
S I R,

Your affectionate Friend and Seivant,
F. B.

/Shottesbrooke May 16. 17 1 J.

AN

Itf

A N

#

ESSAY

Towards- the Recovery of the Courfes
of the fotucdreat
ROMAN WA T S,

IT is the general voice of all our Hiftorians that four
great Roads or Streets ran from feveral points crofs this
Ifland ; but writing long after they were made, and in
ignorant times, they have left their accounts of them
fo obfcure and uncertain, both as to the courfes they held,
and the names they were known by, that it is no wonder
if we, who come fo many ages after them, are ftill in the
dark, and fo much at a lofs to trace any one of thefe Streets
from the beginning to the end of it. And indeed I now
conclude it is impoflible to do it without great interruptions,
time and other accidents deftroying every day more and more
of their mouldering remains.
As for their Authors, no body now queftions but they
were the Romans when Matters of this Ifle, and the ftory that
fathers them upon Molmucius and Belinus, two Britife Kings,
is intirely exploded. To fix their names here, and endeavour
at -the Etymology, would be wholly to waft time, fince we
have nothing but dubious conjecture upon that head. There
fore I fhall not detain you with any thing of that nature,
but refer you to what has been already faid by Mr. Camden,
Somner, Burton, and others of our Antiquaries, thereupon,
and only take notice of it, if occafion requires, when I come
to fpeak of thefe feveral ways ip particular.
* Auflor erat Amicus perruditus Rogerus Galeus, Arm. Vid.
Leland. Colled. Vol. 6. p. 416. Neither

An Effay concerning &c. ji*
Neither fhall I trouble you with all that our Hiftorians have
told us of thefe ways, fince they generally tranfcribe, and take
what" they have upon truft, from one another, but confine'
my felf to that account we have of them in Ranulphus Hir
gden's Polychronicon*, and the .MS. in the Cottonian Library/s
called Eulogium, as the moft diftinct and perfect. The former.
neverthelefs, feems to be uncertain, and not confiding much
in what he had collected gives us two different tfefcriptions
of the firft; and that he has been milled in all four Will be
very evidept to thofe that will be at the pains to follow him,,
His words are :
" Prima & maxima Fofija dicitur ab Auftro in Boream ex-
" tenfa, , qua? incipit ab angulo Camubice apud Totttnejfe, &
" terminatur in fine Scotia apud Cateneffie. Verius tamen fe-
" cundum alios incipit in Cornubia, tendenfque per Devo-
" niam, Somerfiete, juxta Tetteburium, fupra Cattefiwold, juxta
" Coventriam, ufque Leiceftriam procedit, indeque per Vafta
" plana verfus Newark progrediens diutius, apud Lincelniam
" terminatur. " Secunda Via principalis dicitur Wattlingftrete, tendens.
" per tranfverfum prioris Vias, viz. ab Euro-Auftro in Zephy-
" rum Septentrionalem. Incipit enim a Dovoria, tranfiens
" per medium Cantia, ultra Tamefiam, juxta Londonium, ad
" occidentem Weflmonafterii, indeque procedit juxta Sanilum
" Albanum ad occidentem per Dunftapulam, per Stretfor-
" diam, per Touceftriam, y Wedmam, lAuJfrum Lilleburum, per
" Atherftoniam ufque ad montem Gilberti, qui modo Wrekene
" dicitur. Deinde tranfcindit Sabrinam juxta Wroxceftriam,
" tendit ad Stretfoniam, & inde per medium Wallia ufque ad
" Cardigan in mari Hibernico terminatur.
Tertia Via dicitur Ermingiftrete, tendens a Zephyro in;
" Eurum, & incipit a i Mavonia in Weft-Wallia, procedens
" ufque ad portum Hammonis, quae modo dicitur South-Ham-
" ptonia. " Quarta Via dicitur Rykni Id-fir eet, tendens ab Affrico in
" Boream Vulturnalem, & incipit a Mavonia praedicta, ten-
" ditque per Wigorniam, per Wicum, per Birmyngbam, Liche-
" field, Derby, Cheftfrfeld, Eborumxifque ad oftium Tynerhx-
minis, quod Tynemutha dicitur. . .. ' ..
* Ed. Ox. p. 196-. /3 Galba E. 7. y Weedon. S South
Lilleburn. t St. Davids. .
This

u8 An Effay concerning
This Monk of Chefter in the two firft has generally pretty
well hit the way, (tho' he is not altogether in the right,) but
is extremely out in both the laft, as will appear by and by.
The Eulogium feems to have copy'd the fame draught with
him, but as it differs in fome particulars I fhall here alfo give
you as much as it fays of this matter.
" Belinus vero filius Molmucii quatuor Regales Vias per in-
" fulam fecit. Quarum prima & maxima dicitur Fofifa, ab
" Auftro in Boream extenfa, qua? incipit in angulo Cornubiar
e, apud Totteneffe, tendens per Devaniam, Somerfetiam, per
" Batoniam, Circeftriam, Codejwald, juxta Coventriam, Le-
" ceftriam, per Lincolniamj per Dunelmiam, per Berwicum,
" tandem in fine Scotia apud Catteneffe determinatur.
" Secunda Via principalis dicitur Wattlingftrete, tendens
" ab Euro-Auftro. in Zephyrum Septentrionalem. Incipit
" enim a Dovoria, per medium Cantits juxta Londonium per
" Sanctum Albanum, Dunftapulam, Stratfordam, Touceftriam,
" Lilleborum, per montem Gilberti juxta Salopiam, deinde
" per Stratton, perque medium Wallia ufque ad Cardigan
" in mare Hybernicum terminatur.
--" Tertia via dicitur Belingftrete tendens a Zephyro in
" Auftrum. Incipit enim a Menevia in Weft-Wallia, Se pro-
" tenditur ufque ad portum Hammonis, qui modo dicitur
" Southampton. " Quarta Via dicitur Rykeneld-ftrete tendens ab Affrico in
"Boream. Incipit enim a Menevia, & procedit per Here-
" fordiam, Wigorniam, Wicum, Bermingham, Lychejeld, Derbi,
" Cbefterfeld, per Eboracum ufque ad oftium lyne fluminis,
" quod nunc dicitur Tyne-moutb.
¦I fhall add one more defcription of thefe Ways from a MS.
in the Cottonian Library <x, which tho' it be but a rude
Scheme of the Ifland among the Additamenta at the End of
Matthew Paris's works, and tho' the Author of it, who
ever he was, was no great Artift, yet it may give us fome
light in tracing thefe ftreets, and perhaps furnifh us with a
truer notion of them than we meet with any where elfe,
and is as follows :
¦" i . mi i .i n i
« Nero D. i . Nota

The four Great Roman Ways:

119

I have

120 An Effay concerning
I have given you this Scheme exactly as it is delineated in
the Cottonian MS. The bottom of it feems to have been
cut off in binding the book, and fo we have loft fome let
ters there ; but thofe that are ftill exftant at the weft corner
feems to be the remains of the word Cornubia, as do thofe in
the middle to be part of Dorobernia, which neverthelefs ought
to have been placed at that point of the Ifland where the
Wattlingfireet begins ab Euro Auftro in Jiephyrum Septentri-
onalem. Another palpable miftake in it is the placing Men-
dies on the Eaft fide of the Scheme, when at the fame time
this Chorographer has drawn a line from Salisbury to St.
Edmundsbury, and tells you it is Eaft and Weft, yet ends it
juft where he has fixed his Meridies. His fetting alfo of Sa
lisbury upon the Irife Sea is as remarkable.
Notwithftanding thefe overfights this Scheme is fufficient
to give us fome, and, as I believe, the beft directions we
fhall any where meet with in following thefe antiquated
Ways. By it the Fojfie appears to have gone from Tattenefife
thro' Lincoln tp Cathneffe ; Wattlingfireet from Dover to
Chefter ; Ermingfireet from the Southermoft part of the Ifland
directly North ; and Icknild from Eaft to Weft. And this
account, I believe, we , fhall find in the general to be true,
tho' not altogether without it's Errors, in fhort, the only
means to recover the tract of thefe Ways, befides what we
may pick out of our Hiftorians, is diligently to trace what is
% ftill left of them where any footlleps or names of them are
yet apparent ; and where no fuch are to be found, by ob
ferving where they fhow themfelves again after any difcon-
tinuance, and filling up the intermediate lofs upon the beft
conjectures we can make either from the Situation of Roman
Stations, or other Antiquities that may offer themfelves : and
one great help to us may be the Itinerary afcrib'd to Anto
ninus, whom we often find travelling thefe roads, and parti
cularly the Wattlingfireet x from one end to the other, with
out almoft ever leaving it from Chefter to Dover.
I fhall "now come to the feveral ways in the order they are
Fo/ie. above defcrib'd, and therefore firft begin with Fojfie. What-
'•^"V'^ever our Hiftorians fay of it's commencing in Cornwall, I
cannot find any ground to think it ever came out of that
country, at leaft as it is now bounded, Tattenefife it felf, the
head of it according to them, being, in Devonfeire. Neither

# In Itirf. II. do

The four Great Roman Ways. 121
do the Romans feem ever to have been fo much in thofe J^jl
parts, as to carry on fuch Works,' that corner of the Ifland
flaying been 3 conftant retreat to the fugitive Britains, and
accordingly we find few or no Antiquities left there by the
former. «
Bath is now the firft Town of note near which we find it
With any certainty ; np accounts that I haye met with of
thofe Wefterp, parts deforibing it's courfe, or even giving us
any hints 7which way it might go to Tottenejfie, or to any
oth^rfi.lace.to the South or Weft of that City, unlefs the ad
ditions to the deferiptiop of Devon-feire p in the laft edition
of Mr. Camden's Britannia, where we are told, as a proof
trjat the Romans were in poffeffion of this County, that the
Foffe-way crofles it, but ip what part, or near what Towns,
we are left wholly in the dark. Nor can I find any grounds
for copjejSiure of it's courfe, except a place called Strefwood-
head, about five Miles E. and by N. from Exceter, may in
duce us to think feme great Street came that way from So-
merfiet-Jbire to Exceter. In that County, as I am Well in-
form'd, it is vifible in feveral places. And were it not fo,
the nanie of a Town call'd Street, about a mile S. W. from
Glaflonbury ; that of another call'd Stratton in the Vorfiwey,
which .is nothing elfe than Stretton in the Poffeway, according
tp the dialect of this Country ; and that of a third call'd Fofis-
cote, all in a direct line from the Bath to Strettwoodhead and
fo to Exceter, would put it almoft out of doubt, that the
COurfe of ,the Fafife lay thro' them. Stratton in the Vorfiwey
is nine or ten miles S. W. from Bath, and Foffcotc about
the midway between them, and a mile from Wellow where
the beautiful checquered pavement was found delineated in
Antoninus, p. 89.
Mr. Speed indeed fituates y Dorchefter upon the Foffe-way;
and upon inquiry I find that there is a large rais'd caufeway
Which runs directly Weft from that Town for ten miles to-

x " Eut this may be an argument that our Hiftorians had
" their account of thefe ways from fome Author, or Tradi-
" tion in being before the time of King Athelftan, who divi-
" ded that Country into Cornwall and Devon-fliire, il being
" but one Province till his reign." N. B. This and the
other additional Notes, in this Effay are taken from the Collett-
anea Vol. 6 p. 273. iSc. £ Pag. 37. y Theatre of great
Britain in Dorfiet -fejire. Q, 2 gether

An Effay concerning
gether to a place call'd Egerton-hiU, where the ruins of A
Roman Camp are to be feen, call'd by that name ; and in all
probability went on to Maridunum, now Seaton, and thence
to Exceter according to Antoninus's fifteenth Journey, where
it feems to have ended, no Roman Stations being placed
farther that way as we can judge either by that Itinerary, ot
Ruins of them any where exftant in thofe parts. But that
this was the great Foffe-way I prefume no body can imagin,
as well from what I have faid of it's going directly thro'
Somerfet- feire- to Exceter, as from the great.diftance that Dor
chefter lyes out of the way between that City and Bath.
Harrifion «. carrys Foffe from Briftow to Chipping Sodbury,
and fo to Tettbury in Gloucefter-Jhtre, but muft be miftaken.
For befides that Briftow was no Roman City, the lateft and
moft accurate fiirveys have follow'd it from the Bath by
Walcote /3 into Wilt- feire at the Shire ftones. From thence
it vifibly takes it's courfe by North Wraxall, Littleton Drew,
AUdertan, and Shearflon, where the Coins there found feem
to indicate a Roman ftation. Then it paffes by Eafton Grey,
and leaving Tettbury a mile and a half to the Weft, enters
Qloucefter- fhire a little beyond Kemble.
From Kemble it will lead us directly to Cirencefter, where
it croffes another Roman Way from the South Eaft- to Glouce-
filcr, which coming thro' Wanbro and Stratton St. Marga
ret in Wiltfeire points from Speen in Berk-feire, and con
fequently is that upon which Antoninus has plac'd his Sta
tions from Glevum to Spina in his thirteenth Journey. On
and near this caufeway, which Mr. Camden tells y us feems
to have been pav'd with ftone, lye feveral Towns that re
tain the word Sam in their names, as Sharncote and South-
Samey between Creeklade and Cirencefter, and North-Sarney
about two miles above the latter upon the River Churn, and
Sharnton about three miles from Gloucefter. All which have
taken their appellations from the Britife word Sam, which
imports Stratum or Pavimentum, and in Wales we have fuch
an one call'd Sam Helen to this day J".
After Foffe has left Cirencefter it goes thro' Winfton, North

» Difcourfe of the ways before Hollinfeead's Chron. p. 1 12,
Ed. Land. 11587, (8 V. Hearne's diflertation after the life of
K. uEljred, y Laft Ed. p. 240. $ V. Camd. p. 656, 661.
and the Anonymous Author of the Hiftory of Alchefeer at the
End of Dr, Kennel's Paroc. Antiq. p. 699. Leach,

The four Great Roman' Ways, 123
Leach, Slaughter, Stow on the Would, Moreion and Lemington, Foffe.
where it receives another old way from Oxfiord-feire, perhaps *•"*"->
that mention'd by Dr. Plot «. to come from Wood/lock Park,
but to difappear again near Glymptan where the end of it
points N. W. that is, directly this way. From LemingtoH
\% goes thro' another Stratton in tbe Vorfie, Ilmington and
Whitchurch into Warwick-feire at Stretton fuper Foffe.
• Thro' all this County the courfe of it is very plain and
conspicuous. From the laft mention'd Stretton it runs to
'Hawfibrd, where it paffes the Stour; and then leaving Com-
'brook, Campion, Murdack, Lighthorn and Chefterton a little on
the Eafty it croffes the Learn to the weftward of Marton.
Then going' through Stretton upon Dunjmore, Brettford upon
Avon, and Brinklow, and after that leaving Stretton fiubtus
Foffe, Stret-Afton and Monks Kirby on the Eaft, in which
parifh part of it lyes /S open like a ditch having not been
filled with ftones and gravel as in moft other places, it cuts
the Wattlingfireet and enters Leicefter-feire at High Crofie.
y Here we are much at a lofs for an exact account of the
courfe this Way took after it has left Warwick-feire. All our
Hiftorians and Antiquaries agreed it went by Leicefter ; and,
I think, there can be no great doubt of it, fince it was a
Town of eminent note with the Romans, being known to
Ptolemy and Antoninus by the name of Rata. However none
of them tell us the Towns it pafs'd thro' in it's way thither.
When Mr. Camden tells t us the river Soar rifes not far from
the Street-way in this County, I fuppofe he means the Wat
tlingfireet, Mr. Burton exprefsly faying fo £. Yet the heads
of it cannot be very remote from the Foffe, fince it croffes
the former near the place where one of them firft fhows it-
felf, and a Town call'd Sharnfiord upon it may very well be
looked upon to denote it's pafling that ftream there. If it

a. Nat. Hift. of Oxf. fe. p. 321. Ed. prima?, fi Dugdale's
Antiq. of Warnvick-ft. p. 61. y Leave out all from line 19. to
the words From Leicefter in the 1 o. line of the next page, and in-
fert thefe :
" From Highcrofi it takes it's courfe in a line allmoft paral-
" lei to the Soar, running about half a mile South Eaft from
" Sharnford, which I fuppfe ows its name to it, as the Towns
"'beforementioned in Gloucefeer-feire. Thence it goes to-
" wards Narioroiv where it appears a little Weft of the Town ;
" then to Langham Bridges, and fo to the Weftgate of Leicefter."
}Camd. p. 446. * f. 445. £ Defcript, of Leicefe. fe.p-s- did

524 rf* Ejfy csneemhg , ,
Foffs. did -fo , from Shamford it muft have turn'd EajErwar d |rj
^-^V*' Faftan, and N. E. again -to Little-Siretton, and then again
N, -Ip -Great- Stretton, and fo op to leicefter, the names pjf
fiqfton apd the two Sirettons putting it ahnoft out of 'djoabji,
-thp' J aro not infpflm'd if there is aniy other. fign of it now
found at -tftofe places, or not. But how (this turn ihsuid bfc
oecafion'd, unlefs by the lowpefs of the gjsoUiPd, and fa,t-
iaiefe of the foil nearer to the banks #f the Soar, I cannot ac-
«ount for.
From Leicefter^ Higden tells us, the Foffe went thftP* the
Wafts toward Newark, What tb.efe Wafts were is, hard to
define, Perhaps part ofthem might be the Foreft of Cham-
•wofd. That it ran not far from the Edge of it, is eyidegt
#e by it's appearing upon the Northern borders of this County
a Ijtrie before you come to Wi'lljmghby an tbe Wolds in Notr
tinghamnfbire, Where It may be feen a ljttle E&ft from /? ,Wid%-
meKpole, and again i» Eaft-Bridgefopd fields. That it went
by Newark we have alfo the evidence of the following Char
ters. " H. rex Anglic Mic, Baffet St A. de Vere Sec. deNo-
" tingfeira S. concedo quod epifcopus Lincoln, divertat re-
" giam ftratam quae tranfibat per Villam fuam de Niwerea
" per eandem viJlam fuana quaeumque yoluerit. Et concedp
" ipfi quod faciat ealcetam Vivarii fui. T.G. Cancellario, &
»*• WilUebno de Albini Britone apud Wdeftock": That the Regia
via here mention'd was Foffe plainly appears from this other :
** H. rex Angl. omnibus Baronibus & Vieecomitibus, & mi-
*c niftris fuis, & fidelibus de Noiingeham-ficira tfalutem. Sciatis
" ms concefliffe Alexandre en. Lincoln, quod faciat foflatum
& "calcetam Vivarii fui de Niwerca fuper Chiminum Foffe,
& Chiminum ipfum per eanden villam ficut voluerit diver
tat. . T. W. de Albini Britone apud Wdeftock.

tt

ct

a Line 14. is to be omitted, and ^art ef the 15. as far -»s
the words to Willougbby &c. in lieu of which read,
"By its leaving Leicefter without entering it, and crofting
" die Soar about two miles lower at a place called Calife.s
" 'water to Tbormarfeon, from whence it paffes the River Eye
'* at Lcwing Bridge, and then goes on to Seggs hill near Se-
" grave, and fo to Willougbby." and
jS Line 16. aftpr Widmerpole infert by the lodge in the Wolds.
and after thefe words Eafe-Bridgeferd fields, add, " So that
" the Kali a plana, which Higden fays this Road paft towards
" Newark, feem to be no other place than what is now called
" tbe Wolds in this Countrey." But

The four Greet Reman Ways. tz$
But I do not find it is vifible till we come about a mile Fo*.
Eaft of Long Collingham. three miles north of Newark, be-v-^V^*-'
tween which place and Lincoln it often fhows it felf. At that
City feveral of our accounts do terminate it, while others
dairy it on as. far as Cathneffe in the utrnoft corner of S'cat-
iand. So that as the firft feem to have left it fhoff, fhe latter
have carry'd it on too far in all reafon and probability. I
muft own I fee no caufe to end it at Lincoln, unlefs that great
Wdy, call'd Highftreet, between that and Wintringham, may
be fuppos'd to be only A road drawn from the Humber to
joyn the Foffe there, for the convenience of travellers from
the Eaft parts of Ydrk-Jhire. But the confpicuous elevation
of it's bank, the great expence and labour it has beenrais'd
with, and the many Veftigia of the Roman magnificence ytt Hibfarjlmv,
remaining in feveral of the adjacept Towns, made it reafon- Gmnfinf,
able to conclude it to have been rather the continuation of ^"
the Foffe, than a by-way leading, to it.
The Highftreet, as it is now call'd, runs in a ftraight line,
and is very vifible all the way from Lincoln to the Humber,
where is dyes about a mile Eaft of Wintringham, and is irv
fome places, efpecially the Woodland, pav'd with large ftones
fet, edgewife "in a ftrong Cement, and is rais'd very high
there, but where it paffes over Wolds and Heath is only
caft up with earth. Where it falls into Humber, was perhaps
fhe old Ferry, the prefent being below at Barton, and the
road beginning at the other fide of the Water again, might
go to Wigkton (Delg'ovitid) and fo to York, where falling into
the other ore'at Northern road, it made the farther continu
ation of it°unneceffary ; and I believe no man living fma-
gins that it was carry'd on thro' Scotland to Cathneffe, there
fore fhall add nothing farther about it.
The next is Wattlingfireet, according to Mr. Drayton in WattUng-
his Polyolbion «. of more note tho' lefs extent than Foffe. And ^Jfif^L.
fince his Verfes may give us fome direction in both their K/^*^>J-
Courfes it will not be amifs if we here infert them, as we
fhall alfo do thofe relating to the Icknild and Ermingftreets
in due time and place.
flnB tfjeugfi tfje FoiTemlcngtB ejcreeUtnemanpamile,
% gat fjotttf f wm ftorr to ftote tfje IengtS of all tfje 3fle,

« Song the Sixteenth, p. 247. itfront

126 An Effay concerning
wattling- jftoin togere tttjj Cornwall points to tfje Iberian fea0

' }%\\\ toloer Cathneffe tell0 tfje fcatteteo Orcades,

31 meafuiing but tfje oreotfj,tu|)itfj 10 not 8alf 810 gate,
faet f ot tljat 31 am gtat't toitfi gooolp London's ftate,
#noTamesant>Severhe botfj (mee in mpCourfe 31 croffe,
#110 in mucB greater traoe, am toott&ier farre tfjenFofie*
Of fuch note indeed was this Wattlingfireet,, and fo well
known, that it has formerly been made and look'd upon as
a boundary on feveral occafions in this kingdom, as when
King ALlf 'red gave xGuthrum the Dane all the lands lying on
the North fide of it. And Hoveden tells fi us, that Comes
Uchthredus, & Northimbrenfes, & Lindifienfes primitus,
deinde y Fifburgenfes, max etiam omnis populus, qui habitabat
in Septentrional! plaga Wathlingaftrete&ff. {Suanoj deditionem
obtulerunt. And a little after, that Adverjus Auftrales Mer-
cios expfditionem movit, & pertranfita Wathlingaftrete fiuis
edidum pofuit, ut agros devaftarent. And at this day it divides
the Counties of Warwick and Leicefter.
All are agreed that it took it's rife at Dover, and went
through Kent to London ; and as there is a Confular way, as
Mr. Camden calls ^ it, ftill vifible near Lenham, fo it in-
duc'd him to think it was the fame with the Wattlingfireet,
and went there thro' the midft of Kent, as the Monk of Che
fter affirms. Mr. Lombard alfo in his Perambulation of Kent
places s Leeming on the Southfideof Wattlingfireet, the re
mains of a great Street in thofe parts having in all probabili
ty miflead thofe two learned men. What induc'd Phili-
pott, except the authority of the two former, to fay Z, that
Wattlingfireet road lay at Lenham 'till the building of Ro-
chefter bridge, I cannot affign ; this Confular way coming not
from Dover to Leeming and fo to Lenham, but from fialtwood-
Caftle near Hyth. Neither is there any way, that appears to
have been Roman, now vifible between Dover and Lenham.
It being alfo beyond any manner of queftion that Rochefter

« See Sir John Spelman's Life of King JElfred, p. 6j. of
the Englife Ed. but p. 36. of the Lat. & P. 432. y Fifbur
genfes were the Danife Inhabitants of Leicefter, Lincoln, Not
tingham, Stanford and Derby. V. notes on Camd. p. 866,
0s P. 192. s Pag. 370. Edit. zds. Lend. 1596. £ Villar,
Cantian. p. 215. was

The four Great Roman Ways. 127
was the ancient Durobrivis, and confequently a Town of Wattllng-
note^ in the Romans time, Antoninus having x carry'd us twice ftreet-
thro' it, no body can fuppofe but there muft have been a paf- 1-^*>*'
fageoyer the river there long before the building ofthe pre
fent bridge, and was in all probability at that old bridge p that
crofs'd the water near Stroud Hofpital. And if the name of
it was wrote Durobrivis, that alone was argument fufficient
to prove a Trajeclus to have been at Rochefter whence it was
fo' call'd, Briva; denoting always a paffage. over the watery.
Therefore it is far more likely that Wattlingfireet took it's
courfe thro' Canterbury and Rochefter to London over Black-
heath, where a great way is vifible about a mile Eaft of Lee
Church, and fo into Saint Georges-fields ; and there are
ftill fome remains of it between Newington Green and Lam
beth. In confirmation of this conjecture I fhall offer
Firft, That this is the ftraighteft and moft direct courfe,
and the way to this day in ufe between Dover and London.
Secondly, That we ftill have the broken ruins of an old
Roman way on Barham downs between Dover and Canter
bury li.
Thirdly, That as foon as you enter that City at Riding-gate
from Dover, the firft ftreet you meet with, leading into it,
is to this day call'd Wattlingfireet, and that gate f which is
alfo call'd Rading-gate^ and hath taken it's name from the
great Road' t on which it ftands) hath yet about it many
tokens of Antiquity, as Roman bricks, &c.
Fourthly, That Urns, Coins, and other Monuments ofthe
Romans are difcover'd in feveral places upon this Road ; as
at Newington near Sittingburn, and upon Blaciheath, where
A. D. 1 7 16. a great many Urns were dug up, and among
them two of an unufual form, one Globular, and the other

« Itin. 3. & 4. /3 V. Lombard's peramb. in Rochefter. y V.
Comm. in Antonin. p. 62. & 76. £ V. Samner's Antiq. of Can
ted, p. 11. 1 Ibid.
Vol.6. R Cy-

128 An Effay concerning
Wattling- Cylindrical, about 18. inches in Length, both of them of 3
ftreet. fi rf ,

This Urn was very fmooth
and thin. It's circumference
was fix foot three inches. It
had afhes in it, but no coins.
Under the rim about the
mouth of it Marcvs * Avre-
livs. iiii. was rudely fcratcht.

This contain'd a great quan
tity of afhes, arid in the cavity,
marked c, were 6. or 7. coins
much obliterated, but on one
of them was legible Clav-
divs, and on another GaIc
LIENVS.

I fhall only add that the fourth Journey pf Antoninus carrys
us this very way from Dover to London. So that if we fix
the head of Wattlingfireet, as every body, doth, at Dover, I
think there can be no doubt of it's going thro' Canterbury
and Rochefter, and then over Blackheath to Newington and
Lambeth, where it croffed the Thames at the Horfe-fierry, ad
Occidentem Weftmonafterii, and fo went to Ham/lead. But
about three miles below that Town it divided it felf, and one
branch of it ran thro' the City of London, entring at Port-
pool or Greys-'Inn-lane. The Stratum of it was difcover'd at
the building of Holbourn-bridge after the fire of London 1666,
feveral foot under ground, and in digging for the founda
tion of Bowfteeple in Cheapfide 19. foot below the furface of the
.Soil p, from whence it went into that Street ftill call'd Wat
tlingfireet, and might go down Dowgate, and joyning it's
other branch again in Saint Georges-fields, go on together
into Kent.

« V. the figure in Anton, p. 13.
p, 64, 89, 90.

/3 V. Comment, in Antonin. But

Thi four Great Roman Ways. 129
But let us return again to Hamfiead, and follow it over Wattling.
the Heath, thro' Hendon and Edgewarth in Middlefiex, till it ftreet".
enters Hertfiord-Jhire a mile Eaft from Elleftree near Brockley-K^r^*
hills, the Roman Sulloniaca. It runs thence in a ftraight line
by Melburn, Colnwey-fitreet, Lark-ftreet, Old Verulum, Red-
lurne and Market-ftreet to Dunftable, where it interfects the
Icknild-ftreet, and in Bedford-Jhire goes by Tilfworth and
Hockley in the Hole into BuCkingham-fhire at Z/tf& Brickhill.
In that County it gives name to Fenny Stratford and SVorcy
Stratfard vifiting &&,?»/)> between them. In Northampton
jhire it goes by Towcefter, Pattefhall, Weedon in ihe Street and
Dodfiord, a little beyond which it bends to the right from
the Road to Daventry, and fo by Lillburne enters Leicefter-
fhire over Dowbridge.
"The Counties of Leicefter and Warwick are bounded by it,
and the places it makes it's neareft approaches to in this part
of it's courfe are Sbawelland x Bersford- bridge, which it croffes,
as it does the Foffe-way at High Crofie, near Cleychefter. Then
pafling thro' Great Copftbn, Stretton Baskerville, Manceter,
Atherfton and Wincote all in Warwick-feire, it enters the
County of Stafford at Fafely-bridge, and is very eminent in
it's whole courfe thro' it, which runs from this bridge be
twixt Chefterfield and Wall near Litchfield to Knaves Caftle,
the four Croffes apd Stretton, 'till it brings you to Crackley
bank on the borders of Shropfhire.
In Shrop-fhire it runs thro' Okenyate, not far from which
flood the Priory of Lillefeull, which was fituated juxta &
de prope altam viam vocatam Watlingftret p, and fo by the
JVreken-hill {montem Gilberti) thro' the midft of Wroxceter,
and croffed the Severn at Wroxceter-Ford, as is apparent by
it's pointing on each fide of that River. Ptom thence it
inclines a little North Weft by two fmall Towns call'd
'Strettons, and fo on to Wattlesborough, which takes it's name
from It.
For the certain courfe of Wattlingfireet any farther we are
intirely in the dark, fome of our Hiftorians carrying it on to
Cardigan in South Wales, others, with whom concurrs the
Scheme in Matthew Paris' s Additamenta, and Robert of Glou-
cefter, leading us over it to Weft Chefter. That it went to
the firft I fee no great probability, Cardigan having never

a for Bersford read Ben.ford. p Monaft. Angl. V. II. p. 943.
tam,4S.&i+7. R2 been

130, An Effay concerning,.
Wattling- Deen a S^aftion or Roman Town.. Nor are there any veftigia,a&
ftreet. j can jearrl) Qe raQ^ a rqad as this to be traced ip thofe parts,.
,-/'»>*' Mpch more likely is, it that this Street enter' 'd Montgomery^
feire on the Northlideof theBrethen-hill, in'which County
the firft Hundred, we there meet with, is caU*d YftradMdrr
ghell , and a Monaftery therein fituated carried the fanip
name, which is no ofher'than that of Strati? Marcelli, plainly
denoting that there muft have been fome eminent Street run
ning thro' thefe parts ; and by the pointing of the Watiling-
ftreet at Wattlesbury, where we left it, it cannot well be apy
other than that, which might run Weft as far as Media-
lanum, and then turn again to Bamhor and Chefter. As for
it's loofing the name of Wattlingfireet as foon as it enters
Wales, I think we may very well fuppofe that to have been
oecafion'd by the Britains retaining the old name of it among
them ; that of Wattlingfireet x feeming, whatever the figni-
fication of it may be, to have been intirely Saxon, and con
fequently much younger than the way it' felf, which Mr.
Burton very judicioufly fuppofes fi to have been made under
TJlpius Marcellus Propraetor here in the time of Cammodus, and
frorp him to have taken it's appellation.
Neither is it a light argument for the courfe of this Street
to have lain this way, that the fecond Journey of Antoninus
keeps upon it with very little deviation, or none at all, from
London to Chefter, except when he once goes a little from
it at Verolamium to take in Durocobrivis, as may be eafily
obferv'd. We find alfo two Towns betwixt Banchor and
- Chefter, one call'd Stretton, the other Aldford, both which
intimate an old way to have gone there ; but I muft confefs
I cannot learn whether there are now any other remains
of it.
The courfes of the two foregoing Streets, I think, we have
pretty well recover'd, I wifh at leaft^ we could trace the
. other two with as great appearance of Succefs. The attempt
to do it I muft own may feem not a little prefumptuous
after the great Mr. Selden y, and that other learned Antiquary
Mr. Burton J1 have both given it over as deiperate. But as
no one ought to be deterr'd in his fearches by another's
leaving them fhort, and as the many years now paft fince

x V. Somneri Lexic. Sax. voc. fserlinga-J-'CJWe'Ce.
& Comm. upon Antonin. p. 96. 7 Notes on Polyolb. p. 256.
0 Comment, on Anton, p. 95. thofe

The four Great Roman. Ways'. 131
thofe eminent .perfons liv'd have given us feveral new Kghts Wattling.
in thefe matters,, fo I fhall offer fomething that may per- ftreeti
haps fet us right in-thefe, as they fuppos'd, unknown andCr>'r"v'
¦iptirely loft ways. ,;.. ,
. To begin with: Fmingfireeti we find it in the Cottonian Erming-
Scheme running direaiy from South to North. thro' the ftreet-
Whole length ofthe- Ifland, but he has, placed no Town at ^'V^'
the Nprtherp, extremity of it, by which -we might judge,w.bere
^his Chprographer would terminate it : and by a great mif-
t^ke, as we obferv'd before, Dwobexnioj, by which, I fuppofe,
he means Dover, is fitpated at the Soitthermoft point of it.
However this is, fufficient to fhow his opinion of the Courfe
jt took, and Hemy .of Huntington x was ofthe fame mind,
as was alfo old Robert of Gloucefterm who tells fi us that
JFram tfje ^outfj into tfjejftortfj taiutfjErningeftrete.
jFtam tfieCCff into tfje MeU gotfj Ikeneldeftrete,
jfcam Ssoutfjeffi to fiaistgteeiB, tftat 10 fumoel grete,
#ram Dover into Cheftre gotij Watlyngftrete+
%U f mgeof tfjifei0moffof alle tfjat tilletfj framTote-
, neys
^ram tfje one entte of Cornwail'e anone to Cateneys,
i^ram tfje^outftoell to jftottJjeft intoEnglondes cnoet
Foffe men cattitfj tfjil&e toap, tfjat on manp toun ootfj
toenoe,
Lombard is, alittle more particular, and acquaintsyus that
fome were pf opinion it lead from Southampton to St. Da
vids in Wales, but others to Carlile in the North, which, I
believe, will prove the trueft, as well from the authorities
abovementiop'd, as becaufe otherwife we have none of
thefe great Roads laid out to carry us, as it were, thro' the
heart of the Kingdom ; and what may weigh more than all,
becaufe we may follow the almoft continual tract of fuch a
Way from the Southern fhore to the Northern limits of
England at Carlile, thro' feveral Roman Cities and Stations,
and even in fome places meet with it under the very name
of Ermingflreet.

x Lib. I. p. 299. fi MS. in Bibl. Bodl. inter Codd. Digleia-
nos num. CCV. fol. 10. b. y Peramb. of Kent, p. 268. Ed.
1596. iy If

132 An Effay concerning.
Erming- If it took it's rife at Southampton, Antoninus in all proba^
ftreet. Djjjj.y na£ travell'd it in his feventh Journey from that place to
^^^^L'ohSh' thro' Winchefter, Silcbefter, Henly; and Colebroak «.
The relicks ofa military way are ftill vifible. in feveral parts
hetween Winchefter and Silchefter. In the direct Road you
have alfo two Towns, one call'd: Eaft; and the other Weft
Stratton; • and two miles North of Silchefter you meet with
Stratfield in Barkfeire ' upon the Road to Henly. Confider
ing" how much Antoninus feems to keep upon thefe great
Roads, tho' it muft he own'd he often leaves them, it is
much more probable the Ermingftreet came from this Coun
try than from Surrey, where Mr/ Selden conjectures p that
Old 'Street, call'd Staneftreet, was part of it. That feems to
have come from Arundel (at leaft it is as yet difcover'd no
farther) over Poleburrow-heath to Belinghurft, . and fo into
Surrey in the Parijb of Oakly, and is often laid open y by
making ditches between Stanfted and Darking, thro' the
Church-yard of which laft it goes to Banfted downs, and
feems to have gone from Woodcote warren by Croydon and
Strettbam to London.-
In this uncertainty are we till we get to London, and after
we have left London_ till we come to Cbefthunt in Hertford-
feire ; to which place it probably may have been carry'd on
thrb' Moregate and Finsbury, juft without that gate, along
with the prefent Road by Newington, Tottenham, Edmonton-
ftreet, and Enfield, and thence by Hertford to WadefmiU, Sir
Harry Chanty giving I us this account of it, viz. The Go
vernment of this County was divided between the Earls of
Mercia and Effex by the great road calPd Ermineftreet, which
in thofe days came on the Weft parts of the Vills ofi Cheft-
hunt, Wormeley and Broxbourne, thro' Hertford on the
Southfide of Ware Park, to WadefmiU, and fo forward to
Royfton. And the marks of this old way, and the prefent
divifion ofi the Bifeopricks of Lincoln and London, fipeak the
fidme thing. He fuppofes s alfo the Hundred of Edwinftree
in the fame County to have taken it's name from it by a
fmall variation of fome letters, which tho' I much queftion,
yettheftreet is ftill very apparent in many places of that Hun-

x V. Comment, in Anton. Itin. p Notes on Pclyolb. p. 256.
y Addit. to Camd. p. 161. i Hiftory of Hertfordfeire p. 21.
s Ibid. p. 94. dred.

The four Great Roman Ways. 133
dred, as near Puckeridge and Buntingfiord, and in' Odfiey Hun- Erming-'
dred between Buckland and ' Royfton, Where it enters Cam- ftreet-
bddge-feire, and goes thro' Kneefiworth and Wendy both inc^v"">J
Armingford Hundred, which no doubt is fo call'd from it,
as is alfo Arrington, in Doomfday book wrote x Mrningtun,
near -which it croffes the Rhee or Grant, and then leads you
thro' Holm, Caxton, and Papworth to Godmanchefter, and
Huntington, and is exprefsly call'd the Ermingfireet in the
old book of Ely, as Mr. Camden tells fi us.
From Huntington it takes it's courfe thro' great and little
Stukely, runs fomething to the Eaftward of Upton, and Weft
of Sautrey Grange and Abby to Sr/Ztaa ; a little above which
Town it appears with a high bank, and in' an old Saxon
Charter is call'd Erminftreet, fays Mr. Camden y, which is /
another good evidence of it's name and courfe in thefe
parts. From this place ' I muft own I cannot meet with it again
under the name of Ermingfireet : but as we find a great Mi
litary way very apparent in feveral places, as we fhall de-
monftrate, and running with a confpicuous elevation in a
direct line from where we left this to the Northward ; fo it
cannot well be queftion'd, but that it is the continuation of
this Ermingfireet, tho' it has had the misfortune to loofe
it's name. Having paffed Stilton it is very often vifible be
tween that Town and J Dornford, an old Roman Station upon
the River Nen, which it there croffes into Northampton-feire,
about two miles below the prefent road over Wansford-
bridge. At this % Dornford it receives another Port way into
it, call'd now the Highftreet, and Long ditch from Deeping in
Lincoln- feire. But the continuation ofthe Street from Stilton
is there nam'd the Faurty foot way from it's breadth, and in
fome Maps Wattlingfireet, which muft be a great error, the
Courfe of that Street being fufficiently known to lye another
way. I fuppofe it may have been oecafion'd by the name of
the neighbouring Town Wansford, which has been taken for
* Forte ,/Ernpegerun. V. infra p. 136. fi In Cambridge-
fhire. y In Huntington-Jhire. 3* Line 25. for Dornford read
Caftor. t Line 28. the fame amendment is to be made. When
I mentioned Dornford I trufted to Mr. Camden\s account of
this place, but Mr. Moreton in his Hiftory of Northampton-feire
p. 112. fays, there is now no fuch place to be heard of
as Dornford, which I found very true at my being in thofe parts
laft Summer. Wat-

134- An Effay concerning
Erming- Watlingsfiord, whereas the true name of it is « Walmsford,
tJlr^Lf an(l might be fo call'd from fome Vallum, or Outwork, there
^^r^ formerly belonging to that other Vallum quadratum mention'd
by Mr. Camden at p Dornford; as the Street now call'd Walm-
gate in York might take it's name from it's leading anciently
to the Vallum of that City. Befides this, the old way did
not go over that bridge, or thro'' that Town, but croffed the
/ Nen y as is above mention'd at Is Dornford, from whence it
turns to the Weft of Upton, and fo to Tynwell in Rutland-
fine about a mile above Stanford on the River Welland.
Thence it goes to Brig-Cafterton, and is Very apparent t at
Five mile Croffe, where it divides it felf, and fends out one
branch towards Nottingham, and another to Lincoln, which
I take to be that which we muft follow, becaufe from thence
we fcarcely loofe the tract of a great Roman way till it
has brought us as far as Carlile, where foine end this Er-.
mingfireet. From Five mile Croffe it bends by Stretton and Stretton
Stocking in Rutland-feire to South and North Witham in Lin-
toln-feire, then a little to the Weft of Coltsfbrd or Col/ter*>
worth, and fo thro' both Pontons to Ancqfter, upon the Heath
of which it is generally very vifible till it comes to Lincoln.
Leaving Lincoln it takes' Northweft under the name of
the Old ftreet thro' Afthorp and Stretton to the ruins of Age-'
locum which are on the fame fide of Trent, but the prefent.
Town of Littleburrough on the other. Then after it has left
Gainsborough a little on the left hand £ it goes to Morton,
near which Town's end feveral pieces of the antique pave
ment fhow themfelves ; and here it croffed the Trent into
Nottingham-feire, in which County I cannot difcover any
tracts of it. It were to be wifhed the Gentleman sj men
tion'd in the additions to Camden had been a little more par
ticular, and mention'd fome of the Towns it paffes by in it's
way from Doncafter to Marton. However, it muft have in
all probability croffed this corner of Nottingham-feire from
Marton to Bau'try in York-fhire, not far from which ftands

k Walmisford & Walmesford fcribitur in charta Wulferi
reg. a d. 664. V. Mon. Angl. Vol. I, p. 64. fi Line $. for
Dornford read Caftor. y V. Defcription of Huntington feire in
Speed, wrote by Sir R. Cotton, p. 58. Ed. 1611. J Line 9. for
Dornford read Caftor. t Line 12. for at read in feveral places
to. £ Camd. addit. p. 480. n Ibid. Ofter-

The four Great Roman Ways. l 135
Ofterfield or Aufterfield, and, t near that a large fquare forti- Erming-'
fication, perhaps a Roman.Camp, with the remains of a Mi- ftreet-
litary Way, by it's pointing feeming to be part of that we are0^^*0
in-fearch for between Marton and Doncafter.
As foon as you are out of Doncafter, it rifes with a high
bank, and carries you to Adwick in the Street, and is again
Vifible a little to the Weft of the Park by Pontfracl. Thence
it croffes the Aire at Caftleford, and goes by Ollerton and
Ledfton to Aberford, and appears on feveral places of Bram-
ham More. It is cut by the River Wharfie at St. Hellensford,
a little below Wetherby, but the Agger fhows it felf again
immediately on the Northfide of it, and proceeds in a di
rect line to Alborough, frequently vifible in the way thither,
but is not the great road now generally us'd, which lyes
to the Weft of it, neverthelefs is well enough known in
' thofe parts by the name of the Roadgate or Roadway. Near
Burrowbridge it paffed the Eure, and a mile North from that
Rivter you have it again as foon as you are out of Kirby-
hill, from whence it fcarce ever difappears for near twenty
miles together, having been pav'd, as is ftill evident, from
this place to Cattarick in a ftraight line, and about fourteen
miles of it being hedg'd in on both fides is now call'd Lee-
ming-lane from a Town of that name ftanding upon it, and
the High-ftreet.
Thofe famous Pyramids call'd the Devils Arrows ftand
near this Street, a fmall mile Weft from Alborough. If they
were x Herma, as I fee no reafon to doubt but they were,
they will be a ftrong argument that the Ermingfireet took it's
courfe that way, and no weak confirmation of the great Mr.
Selden' s p conjecture, who derives that name from Ipmun-
rull. It is certainly a more natural derivation of that Word,
than what the Anonymous Author y of the Hiftory of Alcbefter
fives us from the Britife Armyntb from it's going over
fountains, which I cannot find it does more than any of
the reft of thefe principal ways, unlefs we fhould with him
bring it likewife from St^ Davids, which I think would be only
confirming one miftake by another. In November 1709. the
Revrd; Mr. Maurice, Minifter of Alborough, caus'd the ground
about the middlemoft of thefe Arrows to be open'd nine foot
wide. At firft good foil was found about a foot deep, and

x V. Comm. in Antonin. p. 17. fi Notes on Polyolb. p. 256.
y At the end of Dr. Ktnnefs Par. Antiq. p~. 690.
Vol. 6. S then

I36 An Effay concerning
Erming- then a courfe of ftones rough and of feveral kinds; btft
ftreet- moft were large cobble's, laid in a bed of couffe gritt and
^"V^clay, and fo for four or five courfes underneath one -ano
ther, round about the Pyramid, in all probability, to keep
it upright, neverthelefs they all feem to incline a 'little to
the Southeaft. Under the ftones was a very ftrong clay, fo
hard that the Spade could not affect it. This was neer two
yards deep from the furface of the Earth, and, a little lower
was the bottom of the ftone refting upon this clay, and was
flat. As much of the ftone as is within ground is a little
thicker than what appears above, and has the marks of a firft
dre'ffing upon it, that is it has been taxata, non perdolata a
fierra x. The iritire height.of this ftbne is 30. foot 6. inches
from the bottom.
In the Monafticon Anglicanum p among other boundaries
of lands given to the Monaftery of Reculver mention is
made of one call'd sejinpege, there render'd in Latin, Via
prifica, but in Mr. Somner's Saxon Di&ionary Platea, Via
equorum curfiui accommoda, a broad way or great ftreet.
Be it which it will, that word agrees fo well with the na
ture and name of our Ermingfireet-, that I am almoft fully
perfwaded our Saxon Anceftors nam'd it, and not the Bri-
tains, and that the prefent Erming, and Erning, as it is
fometimes -y written, are only a corruption of ^EnnpCTC ;
which at Reculver might denote fome old, or great way more
remarkable in thofe parts than ordinary, tho' at the fame
time it properly belong'd to the Ermingfireet we are fpeaking
of. So we meet with feveral Foffe ways in England, which
can have been no part of the Foffe way, yet carry the name,
as particularly the great old way from Dorchefter to Eggerton-
bill in Dorfet-feire.
From Cattarick this .Street divides it felf into two branches,
one of them running directly Northward over Gatherly
more to another Alburrough and 6s Stanwicks paffes the Teys
at Winfton into the Bifhoprick of Durham .- the other turns
off N. Weft to Maiden Caftle upon Stainmore, and is vifible
in feveral places, as about half a mile from Ask near Ricb-

et V. Anton, p. 16. p Vol. I. p. 87. y V. Schema Cotton.
& Rob. of 'Gloucefeer's Verfes quoted above p. 131. 'Tis like-
wife written Erning, or Ernyng, in two or three MSS. of the
Polycbronicoh iu the Bodlejan Library. $ StanpseTe. tmnd

The four Great Roman Ways. I37
mond to the S,' Eaftward, and again near Stratford, and at Erming-
Jfffws, and fo on to the aforefaid Caftle. «*«*.
I will not pofitively affirm which of thefe is the continu- ^^0^
atwn of the Ermingfireet, tho' it feems moft probable to
have been this which carrys us to Carlile,; firft becaufe fe
veral pf opr writers end it there; fecondly becaufe that City
was always of more note from the ancienteft times, of
which we have any knowledge, thap any Town on the
other branch; thirdly becaufe a ' great Military way is al
moft all along very evident to itin thefe parts ; and fourthly
becaufe all the Stations ,that Antoninus gives us in his fifth
Journey from Ifiurium Brigantum to Luguvallium are feated Godman.
uppn it, as are feveral others before we come to the former ch^'r-
of thofe places; fo that he feems to have had this road,*? CaJl""
chiefly in his eye during that Journey. Lhafo.
. An accurate account of this way you have in the late ad-L'"tl&itr~
ditjons to Camden's Britannia x, viz. That from Reercroffe™&-
it goes to. Maiden Caftle, thence the courfe of it lyes thro' Q,jh/fir'j.
that part of Brough call'd Market Brough, then over Brough
fair hill, and a little to, the North of Warcop, and over
Sandford moor to Cowpland beck bridge, and fo to Appleby,
which without doubt has been formerly a Town of great
fpfendor, as appears by the Antiquities daily there difco
ver'd. It is mention'd, very likely, in the Notitia Imperii
hy the name of Aballaba, tho' omitted by Antoninus, which
is not a little ftrange, his way between Vertera, and Broca-
vum, Brough, and Brougham, lying directly thro' it. I can
devife no other reafon for it, than that perhaps this Town
was not in being when the Itinerary was compos'd, but
might have it's birth between the writing of that, and the
Notitia Imperii.
From Appleby the way goes to the reliques of fome Camp6
on Speedy mare, and the North end of Kirby There, where
another way about ten yards broad, and pav'd with ftone
joyns it from Caer Vorran near the Pitls Wall, and is call'd
the Maiden Way. Caer Vorran, I fuppofe, is a fmall cor
ruption of Caer Vorwyn, which in Weljh figniries the Maiden
Caftle, or Fort. The road we have been following goes on
from Kirby Thore to Temple Sawerby, and then on the North-
fide of Whinfield Park to Brougham, and over the Eimott
by Lowther bridge into Cumberland, and fo to Carlile. Be.-

P. 815. twixt

jog An Effay concerning
Erming- twixt thefe two laft places it is very well known, beirig no
ftreet. otner tnan the- common road at this day in ufe ; but pafles
^'*^*"'thro' no Town in it's courfe there, except one call'd Heskett.
Before I leave this Ermingfireet I fhall only farther ob-'
ferve, that it is probably mention'd in a Charter of William
the Conqueror's to Wedderhall, a Cell of St. Mary's Abbey in
York, but lying in Cumberland. The Words are x, Confirms
eis ex dona meo totam pafturam inter Eden & Regiam viam
qua ducit de Karliolo ad Appelby ; but in the next page it
Is mention'd among the boundaries of that Cell more ex-
prefsly thus, Et abinde percurrit per Stratam Regiam qua
vacatur Heeftreet, qu# ducit de Karlil ufque ad Apilby-
way ; by which words it may feem as if there was another
new way to Apilby at that time when thefe boundaries were
defcrib'd, the old Heeftreet leading from Carlile to Apilby-
way. The word Heeftreet fhould be wrote Highftreet or ra
ther Heerftreet, which is the fame thing as Via militaris ;
but if it was Highftreet it is not the firft time we meet with
this Ermingfireet under that denomination, as particularly
between Leeming and Cattarick in the County of York.
Ikenild- The laft and moft uncertain of the four is the Ikenild-
ftreet. ftreet or Ryknild as others call it, but I take them to be two
^^^^^liftinct ftreets, as does Mr. Drajton in his Polyolbion fi, where
he makes them fo different as to be two of the four great
Ways his Wattlingfireet there enumerates, and particularly
laments that they are now utterly forgot.
3IPut ofi ungappie cfjance ! tfjrougfj times oifaff rou0 lot
Our otjjer felloto ifreerss lie utterly forgot*
2*3 Icning, tljat fet out from Yarmouth in tfje Gfcaff,
21Bp tfje Iccni tfjen being generally poffeflr
SSa0 of tljat people firflr tearm'0 Icning in ger rate,
Clpon tfje Chiltem fjcre tljat trio mo courfe unbrace,
3nto tfje Dropping §>otttfj, ana bearing tfjen outrigfjt
(Llpon tfje Solent Sea, ffopr on tfje He of Wight-
janoRickneld f ortfj tfjat raugfjt from Cambrias f artfjer
fljore
Wfjere South-wales notti !b,OCt0 fortfj St. David's pro-
mo more,

* Mon. Anglic. V. I. p. 397. fi P. 247.

Tbe four Great Roman Ways, 139
Eton on gig mibtoap neer bib me in England meet t *^?tiia-
'ftfien in fiig oblique courfe tfje luffp ffragling Street ^^j
£>oon overtook tfie Foffe, anb totoarb tfie fall of Tine
3nto tfie German Sea biltolb'b at Big becline*
The Monk of Chefter calls this laft alfo Ryckneldftreet, and
gives it the fame courfe from Southwell to Northeaft, or
from St. David's to Tinmouth. Part of this ftreet is ftill ex
ftant in the Counties of 'Gloucefter, Worcefter, Warwick, and
Stafford ; yet, tho' in our old writers, as well as in an an
cient deed of lands bounded near Birmingham by it, as Mr.
Selden tells x us, and in another of Hilton Abby p in Staffard
feire dated A. D. 1223. it is conftantly call'd Rycknildftreet,
it has now taken the name of Ickle, or Icknildftreet, but, as
I believe, without any juft Title to it.
In Warwick-feire it is hardly loft thro' the whole County,
and from Bitford on the Southern edge of it it runs into
Worcefter-feire, and taking 'it's courfe thro' South Littleton
goes, on a little to the Eaft of Evefeam, and then by Hintan
and Weft of Sedgebarrow into Gloucefter-feire near Afton
Under-hill, and fo by Bekford, Afechurch, and a little Eaft of
Tewksbury thro' Norton to Gloucefter, from whence in all pro
bability it went to Oldbury, where formerly was tbe Ferry
or Trajeclus y over Severn towards Caer Gwent : and if it did
not run on fo far as St. Davids, yet may it very well be
fuppos'd to have gone to Maridunum, Carmardhin, and to
have taken in that branch of Antoninus's Itinerary that lyes
from Maridunum thro' Leucarum, Nidum, and Bovium to Ifica
Leg. II. Augufta J; the prefent Caer Leon ar'Usk, St. Davids
indeed not feeming of that Antiquity, as to claim any
works of the Romans about it. The -Strata Julia men
tion'd by A. Necbam in the following Verfes may have been
part of it :
Intrat & auget aquas Sabring ftuminis Ofca
Praceps, teftis erit Julia Strata mihi.
I am apt to think this Strata Julia came near Strigull Caftle,
the word Strigull, or Strigail, as it is alfo wrote, feeming to
be form'd from Strata Julia, the courfe of it alfo corre-

* Notes on Polyolb. p. 256. fi Mon. Angl. Vol. I. p. 942.
y V. Antonini Itin. XIII. i Itin. XII. fpond-

J4D An,. Effayr concerning ->¦
ikettild- fpondjog. both to Qldbury and Caer Leon... . Jt, might- take it's
e^V own appellation either from Julius FrontinUs,. as Mr. Camden.
^r>*s^ conjectures «, who corttruer'd the Siliires, or Julius Agricala
that fuceeeded him in the government- of Britain in tfie laft
year of Vefyafkin, fuch a work being, more.likely to.be car
ry'd on in a conquer'd Province during times of peace than
in an enemy's Country, Frontiwus-'s refidenc'e here being, but
veny . flaort after his: Conqueft p, and Agrmata finding the
neighbouring Ordovices all in arms at his arrival.
But let us return to. Bitfora\ and we fhall follow this' way
with more certainty thro' Wiaisfiord to Alcefter, from whence
running near Coughtrm, Studley and Ipfley, it enters Worce-
fter-feire again near Beatp, and leaves it once more for War-
wick-feir.e near Edgebafttm, and pafling; a little Weft of Bir
mingham croffes the. river Tame at Woslfierd-bridge into Staf-i
ford-/hire ; there running thro' Sutton Park and by Shenfton ;
cutts the Wattlingftreet, fcarce a mile Eaft from Wall and
Litchfield, then leaving the laft on the Weft goes by Stree-
they.y croffes the Trent near Whicbmm, then taking Branfton
ir» it's wayv and leaving Burton upon Trent about half a mile
to fhe Eaft, and pafling thro' Stretton it enters Derby-jhire
over Monks-bridge near Egginton.
The tract of it I can trace no farther this way. But Higden
and others fay it goes thro' Derby and Chefterfiel'd to York, and
fo onto- Tmmouth. If this is true, it went to Little chefter
near Derby, a Roman ftation, as the name, coins, and'
ofher antiquities there frequently difcover'd make it ap
pear': and from thence to Chefterfield; which feems to be
co-nfirm'd by another Stretton lying in a direct line between
thofe iw®. places1, about twelve. miles from the firft, and five
from- the lattery whofe name alfobefpeaks it's antiquity.
What more is faid-COneerning this Street is fo general, that
I muft -leave it here riot being able to follow it's courfe be
tween Chefterfield and York. If it did go to that City it's
pointing here feems to direct us either to Doncafter, or Cafile-
ford, near one of which Towns it might fall into that great
Roman way defcrib'd above under the name of Ermingftreeti
tho Mir. Drayton when he tells us that
©gen in fii<s oblique courfe tfie luflrp ffragfing'Street'
Swon o&mtoafe tfie Foffe, 

P. 602. fi Tacit, in vif, AgricK feems

The four Great Roman Ways. 141
feems to take it for that Street and not .the Ermingfireet'; 'tkem-
but this Ryckneld-ftreet never crofting or joyning the Foffe ftfe*l,
'he muft be miftaken. Being then united with the Erming-^^*^
ftreet till it came to Cattaridk it might again divide it felf
from it into that 'branch which we mention'd before to run
over 'Gatherley mHor, and near another Alburrough there and
Stanwicks Crofles the Tees at 'Win/Ion into the 'Bifeoprici of
Durham ; where running thro' Vinovium, Binchefter, and
Condercum, Chefter in "the Street, it might 'carry us thus to
'Gatefeead, and'Tinmouth, fhe one call'd in the Notitia x Irriperii
Gabrofintum and the other Tunnocelum, and garrifbn'd, the
firft by the fecond Cohort of the Thracians, the laft by the firft
Cohort call'd jElia Claffica. How the Notitia Imperii, if it
was compos'd late in the time of Theodofius the younger,
places thefe troops here, and fo many in other places per
lineam Valli as well as in feveral Stations throughout the
whole 'Ifland, cannot be accounted for, fhe Romans having
withdrawn all their forces from hence under Honorius, unlefs
that book tells us Where thofe had formerly been quarter'd,
before the Ifland was abandon'd by them, which was upon
Alaricb the Goth's invafion of Italy about the year 404. tho'
fi it's probable a great part of them had been carry'd off be
fore by Maximus in his rebellion againft Gratian the Empe-
rour, Claudian only mentioning one Legion coming from
Britain to the afliftance of Stilicho againft thofe Barbarians :
Venit & extremis legio pratenta Britannis,
£fu<e Scoto datfrena truci, fierroque notatas
Perlegit exfiangues Pidlo moriente figurasy.
As for thofe forGes that went over into Gaul with Conftan-
tine afterwards, fhey feem rather to be Britains, rais'd here
by him, than old Roman troops, whofe abfence had given
him and them an opportunity of railing a new Rebellion.
The other and true Ikenild-ftreet, as I take it to be, which
had it's rife and name from the people call'd Iceni, the In
habitants of Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge-feire, and Hunting-
ton-feire, is now fifft difcover'd, with any Certainty, near
Barley in Hertford- feire. From thence I fhall endeavour

x V. Notit. Imp. Occident, cum Com. Pancirolli, c, 87.
fi add in the Margin, " Vid. G-ildam, & Lelandum in Cig-
" neam Cantionem in voce Britannia de -hac commigratji-
" tione." with reference to line 22. y Claud, de hello Getica
v. 4.16.
* firft

.142 An Effay concerning
ikenild- firft to trace it backwards to it's head in thofe parts, a ni
ftreet? then go on with it again as far as I can towards the other
end of it. If we allow to Harrifen x and Dr. Plot fi that
there were other Iceni in the Counties of Stafford and War
wick, yet I cannot doubt that thofe feated in Norfolk and
the neighbouring territories Were the People moft known
and eminent by that name, as well from the extent of their
Country, which muft have been much larger than that could
be of the Iceni, if fuch, in Warwick and Stafford-fbire, as
that the City call'd Venta Icenorum feems emphatically toy di
ftinguifh in the firft mention'd Counties.
Dr. Plot indeed feems to give 2 good reafon why there
fhould have been a People nam'd Iceni in thofe parts alfo,
and no doubt by Oftorius's garrifoning the banks of the Se
vern and' Avon, and the circumjeclte nationes upon thofe Ri
vers chofing a convenient place of battle, and the Roman Ge
nerals marching directly againft the Cangi (were they Inha
bitants either of Wiltfeire or Chejhire) after the defeat of the
Iceni, and their Confederates, the action mention'd by Ta-'
citus i muft have been in that Country. Neverthelefs Nor
folk, Suffolk, Cambridge and Huntington-feire are not fo far
diftant from Stafford and Warwick-feire, but that their Inha
bitants might very well march thither to the afliftance of
their friends, whom they had incited fo take up arms againft
the Romans ; nay, to me they feem to be the next neigh
bours to thofe they had perfwaded to begin the war, the
circumjetlee nationes implying plainly thofe that dwelt upon
the banks of the Severn and Avon. Now we muft remem
ber there were two Avons, both fpringing near Daventry in
Northampton-feire. One of them runs Weft and is loft in
the Severn, the other, at prefent call'd the Nen, Eaft, and
goes into the Sea near Lynn in Norfolk, and confequently
the bordering people on it's banks were the next neighbours,
to Huntington-feire. The Iceni joyning with thefe might very
well march on with them on the Northfide of the Avons,
being then all a friend's Country, to the reft of their Allys in
Warwick-feire and near the Severn, the Romans then keeping
themfelves on the Southfide of the Rivers, as is plain by

x In his Defcription of England prefix'd to Hollinfeead's
Chron. p. 113. fi Hiftory of Stafford, fe. Cap. 10. y Line
10. after difeinguife, infert them. % Ibid. Cap, 10. §, 3. s An-
nal. 1. 12.C. 30. their

The fodr Great Roman Ways. 145
tneans, Oftorius was oblig'd to keep them under by quarter- ikenild-
ing his Souldiers among them. Which that he might the ftreet-
better perform, and leave all Me behind him, Colonia Camu-*s~V~SJ
bdunum valida veteranorum manu deducitur in agros captives;
fiibftdium adverfius rebelles, fcf imbwendis fiociis ad officio legum x,
to be a defence againft the Rebellious [Iceni] and to inure
the Mys to the obedience of the Roman laws. The word
Socii muft intimate either fome of the Iceni that continu'd
faithful, or rather the Trinabantes, Inhabitants of EJfex and
Middlefiex, and the Country Southward, from Camulodunum ¦
or Saffron Wa'lden : becaufe Tacitus in another place explains
who thofe Socii were, by telling fi us, Ad jeptuaginta millia
civium & fiociarum lis, qua memoravi, locis cecidiffe co'nftitit.
which places were Camulodunum, Londinium, and Verola-
. mium. By which it appears that Camulodunum muft have
been feated between the Iceni and Londinium. and no Town
could lye fo opportunely for the abovemention'd purpofes
as Walden ; and we find accordingly that the firft attack was
made upon that, which being deftroy'd, London and Veru-
lani, the Allys of the Romans, foon underwent the fame
fate. So that thefe Iceni mention'd by Tacitus were in the
Eaft parts of the Ifiland, and not, as Dr. Plot fuppofes y, in
the Midland. Neither does Ptolemy, as the Dr. affirms, place
a Camulodunum about the Southern parts of Chejhire under
the Cornavii or Cangi, but under the Brigantes, and it was
fituated where now ftands Almonbury. But a diverticula re-
deamus. Barley on the North eaft edge of Hertford-feire, as we ob
ferv'd, is the firft place where we find this Ikenildftreet with
any certainty. To trace it backward from thence I muft
own is very difficult, if not impoflible, few or no footfteps
of it's name or courfe being now difcernible, unlefs of fhe
firft in that of fome Towns in thofe parts. So that having
no other guides in this dark fearch, all that I can offer there
upon is but meer conjecture. Yet a little Southeaft of Hog-
magog hills, three miles from Cambridge, runs ftill a very fair
rais'd Roman Caufiey, by it's pointing feeming to lead to New-
tnarket Heath one way, and to Icaltun, or Icaldune, about
three miles from Barley the other way. Near Icaltun, fays
Mr. Camdenl^, was an ancient little City, from the old burrough

x Ibid. c. 32. fi Annal. 1. 14. c.33. y Hift. of Stajford-fe.
cx.S.3. 'P-3S- T caWd

r46 An Effay concerning
Ikenild- call'd Burrough bank by the Country people. The marks of A
ftreet> ruin'd place are there Jo be feen, and the plain trails ofi the
^^^^wall. A little Eaftward between Burrough-bank and Saffron
Walden I find a Town call'd Streethall. Now as we feldom
meet with the Word Street, in the name of a place except
upon one of thefe old ways, I fuppofe this Streethall has been
fo call'd from it's fituation. But it muft have flood upon a
Street leading from Walden to Icaldun, a Via vicinalis, and
not upon the great Road running into the Country of the
Iceni. It is probable therefore that this Ikenildftreet went from
Barley to Icaldun, and fo by Hogmagog hills, and over New
market Heath to Ikefiworth not two miles South from St. Ed-
mundsbury, and perhaps this Ikefiworth was the true Villa
Fauftini, or Bederichejwortb, the latter part of which word
js the prefent name of it, and feveral pieces of Roman money
have been found there «, but none, as I can learn, at Bury,
or any other reliques of the Romans. Yet I muft confefs the
Regiftry of the Abby places the Villa Fauftini, in all appear
ance, fomewhere near the Abby. But what memorials or
tradition the Monks had for fo doing, we cannot now devife.
p Celerarius habebat mefifuagium & horrea fua juxta fiontem
Stuxurf, ubi ficlemniter curiam fuam fiolebat tenere Sec. Ojuod
mefifuagium cum orto adjacente, quem nunc infirmarius tenet,
fuit manfio Beodrici, qui fuit antiquus dominus iftius villa, unde
& villa ditla fuit SgeOurifajortJ), cujus campi dominici nunc
funt in dominio celerarii.
One reafon why we meet with no veftigia of the Street in
this part of the Country may be the firmnefs of the Soil,
which made it unneceffary to raife it above the common le
vel of the ground, and we find it thus in it's whole courfe
thro' the County of Oxford y. And tho' we now meet
with thefe ways on feveral Heaths and firm grounds rais'd to
a high pitch, where it might feem intirely needlefs and loft
labour to carry them on with fo much ufelefs coft and toil,
yet if we duely confider thofe places, we fhall find them to
have formerly been all, or moft of them, great Woods, and
confequently not fo dry and found as at prefept. Ip fuch
places alfo they might be caft up as a direction thro' thofe
difficult paflages. But this Country having been always an
open Heath, the makers of the Ikenildftreet might well fpare
x Add. to Camd. p. 379. fi Mon. Angl. Vol. I. p. 302.
y V. Plot's Hilt, of Oxford-fe. p. 315. Ed. prims. them-

The four Great Roman Ways. 143
their garrifoning them to prevent the incurfions of the ene- ?ce"Ud"
mies. Mr. Camden with great reafon conjectures Antonam i^f^zj
fhould be read Aufionas, where Tacitus fays x that Oftorius ,
prepar'd cinctos caftris Antonam tif Sabrinam fluvios cohiberefl
which cannot be to block up the Britains between thofe
Rivers, as Dr. Plot would have it, but to place Forts upon
them, fo that the Britains fhould be prevented from making
their inroads into the Countries ally'd with the Romans,
which he tells us, a little before fi, they had done, Effufii " "*
in agros Sociorum hoftibus. If we confider that the Silures, and
Ordovices, people of South and Northwales, were not then
conquer'd, and at the fame time call to mind the courfe of
the Severn, it will be apparent that the Romans could not
quarter their forces fo upon that River as to block up the
Britains betwixt it and Avon, all the Weft bank of it being
in poffeflion of the Enemy. Oftorius therefore could only
garrifon that part of it below where the Avon comes into it,
and then extending his line along that River, till he came
to the head of it in Northampton-feire, might throw up thofe
great fortifications and military trenches mention'd by Mr.
Camden y between that and the head of the other Avon, upon
which alfo continuing his Garrifons, he effectually fecur'd all
the Country to the South of thofe Rivers, which was then all
that the Romans could be Mailers of ; and at the fame time
fhut in their new Allys the Icenians from aflifting their old
friends and countrymen upon the other fide of the Rivers,
who, tho' at that time Volentes nqftram fiocietatem accefferant,
as Tacitus fays i>, yet were they juftly fufpected by the Ro
mans to be greater friends to the enemy than themfelves.
Thefe therefore muft be thofe that Oftorius would have dif
arm'd. For detrahere Arma fufipeclis cannot be interpreted
of any but Allys, open enemies being paft fufpicion, and not
to be difarm'd till vanquifh'd, And how juft his fufpicion
was of them appears by what follows s. For primi Iceni ab-
nuere, valida gens, bifique aucloribus drcumjeSiee nationes lo
cum pugnte £ delegere.

* Ibid, fi In eod. cap. y P. 43z- ^Annal. 1. 12. c. 30.
1 Ibid. | Lin. uit. after the word delegere infert, "And that
" thefe Rivers were thusfecured by iheRomans is evinced by what
" remains of the Forts, they placed upon them, at this day ,j
" and more there might have been, either now entirely loft, or
" not yet difcovered. To begin then with thofe great y*orks at
Vo l. 6. T G*M"

144' An Effay concerning
Ikenild- After the battle was over, and thefe commotions laid by
ijreet. the flaughter of the Icenians, . and fome troubles alfo appeas'd
^"V^-'that had been rais'd among the Brigantes, we.fipd that the
Silures being a people to be gain'd neither by fair nor foul

" Guildslorough and Davcntrey, which to me feems to have had
" its name from its fituation between the t<wo Avons, Dwy
*' Avon tree, i. e. the Tcwn of the two Avons, expreffing it
" plainly in the Brittiih language. I fay to begin with Guilds-
" borough and Davontrey, which fhut up the paffage between
" the two Avons, let us firft travel upon the Banks of that
" which from this place takes its courfe Eaftward, and there
" we fhall foon arrive at a noted ftation called Bennavenna.
" about Weedon in the Street and Heyford, and at another per-
" haps where now ftands * Northampton. Next we fhall come
"to a Specula and Camp at Clifford' s-bill, then to another ob-
" long fquare Camp at Chefter allmoft over againft Wellingborovu
" on the South fide of the River ; after that to an entrench-
" ment at Mill Cotton near Ringfeed, and laftly to Caer dorm,
" or Caftor : below which place perhaps the Fens, at that time
*' impaiTable, made it needlefs to fortify the banks of the.
" River, or if they were at that time firm ground, the fame
" deluge that funk them fwallowed up the Forts there alfo,
" and ftill conceals them under their rotten furface.
" As Davontrey ftands at the Head of this Avon, fo do's
" Guildsborougb not farr from the fource of the Weftern Avon,
" a littje lower upon which was Tripontium feated near Lilburn
" and Dovibridge, betwixt which place and Prafidium, War-
" iuick, I. do not find any Camp or Station clofe upon the
" edge of this River, nor from thence till we come to Glou-
" cefeer, feven miles below where this Avon falls into the Se-
'¦' vent : beneath which City alfo we have but one Station,
" TrajeBus, at Qldbury. But whether the deepnefs of thefe
" waters made fewer Forts neceflary for guarding them, or
" that the intent of the Romans was chiefly to confine the Jce-
" nians in their own Countrey, and confequently they thick-
" ned their Garrifons on that fide, or that the old names and
'.' fituations of their Stations on the Weftern Avon are not
" yet retrieved by us, which I rather fufpeft, muft be left to
" tinie, ' and the obfervations of thofe who are better acquainted
" with that Countrey than I am, to determine."
* Vide Moreton's Hiftory of Northamptonfli. p, 505* means

The four Great Roman Ways. l+«
f^tfler ^"ft have been part of it, and not of the Erming- Ikenild.
Jtreet. But by it's pafling the Thames at Goring to Strately *reet'
it feems to bear to another point, and carry us rather toKy~>/~*J
Newberry or Speen than to Silchefter. And tho' I am at a lofs
whether any foptfteps of it remain betwixt thofe two Towns*
yet I am apt to think it did go to Salisbury as laid down in
the Scheme, and from thence might alfo run on ftill farther
Weftward. That a Roman way was carry'd on between Speen, the Spina
of Antoninus, and Old Salisbury is undeniable by the remains
of it that are yet to be feen near Andover in x Hant-feire p ;
and it feems to have gone by Broughton (Brige) the relicks
of it that appear again at Winterflow in Wiltfeire pointing
Eaftward directly upon that Town, and carrying you Weft-
ward upon it's gravel to Old Sarum. From thence it is ftill
very fair to Stratford fub Caftle, Neiherhampton now call'd
Norrington; thence crofling the race to Strattford Tony it
goes thro' Vorndikes, to Woodyates, to Crechi/l, to Badbury
Caftle and Crawford, where it it call'd Aggleton-road, and is
feveral times vifible betwixt that place and Dorchefter'; but
whether this was part of the Ikenildftreet I fhall not prefume
to affirm. Neither can I imagin why in thefe parts it is
call'd Aggleton-road, there being no Town of that name in
this Country, or, as I believe, in all England; and the
Town call'd Icaltun, which has given this ftreet it's name
for feveral miles in Hertford-feire, is fo remote that I can
not perfwade my felf that the Aggleton-road is a corruption
for Icaltun-road. I rather think it to have been mifcall'd fo
for Eggerton-road ; fince from Dorchefter to a. place call'd
Eggerton-hill there runs a great Roman way Weftward, call'd
the Foffe, as I have obferv'd before y, and this probably was
the Road that Antoninus travell'd for the moft part in his fif
teenth Journey from Silchefter, thro' Broughton, Old Sarum,
Dorchefter, and Seaton to Exceter, having deviated only twice
; from it to take in Wint chefter and Winborn.
I am fenfible there muft be many miftakes in the foregoing
Effay, notwithftanding the pains 1 have taken to avoid them.
But the difficulty ofthe fubjectl hope .will be a fufficient
excufe both for thofe errors, and other imperfections that
may occur to perfons who may have had better opportu
nities of obferving the remains of thefe Old Ways in feveral
x Line 1 1, after Hantfeire infert, "where Way hill takes it's
" name from it" fi Aubrey's Mon. Britannica, y P. 113,
127. P^cs,

j>0 An Effay concerning the four Great Roman WdySi
IkenUd- parts, than my felf. Neither did I at firft enter upon this
flreet. defign but by the by, and as fubfervient to another. Nop
^"V^have I now fuffer'd it to appear in Publick with any other
view, than that it might, perhaps, induce fuch Gentlemen
as are lovers of our Englijb Antiquities, and have leifure e-
nough, to endeavour the Recovery of the Courfes thefe
Ways formerly took, near their refidence. For I believe it
abfolutely impoflible that any one man, tho' he fhould travel
the Kingdom over for that purpofe (which I think alfo no
body will do) can be able to trace them without many un
avoidable interruptions and miftakes : fince fuch a fearch re
quires a more particular knowledge of every County than
can be pretended to by any but thofe who by a long refid-
ing in it, and by a curious obfervation of it, have made
themfelves acquainted, I may fay, with almoft every corner
of it, and after that are able to form a nice judgment upon
their difcoveries.

E Codice

The four Great Roman Ways. 147
themfelves that charge and pains here. It will not be amifs ikeniid-
lf we repeat here part of a Letter in the Philofiphical Tranf- &teet-
ailiansx to the fame purpofe, which refers to that Street we^^^^
have mention'd before, from Lincoln to Humberftde. Ihave
•obfierv d, fays the Author, where it runs over nothing but bare
Mountains and plain Heath, that there it confifts of nothing
but Earth caft up, but where it comes to run thro' woods, there
it is not only rais'd, but alfo pav'd with great ftones fit edge
ways, very clofie to one another, that the roots ofi the trees that
had been cut down to make way for the fame might not fpring
up again and blind tbe road. Which pav'd Caufeway is yet
' very ftrong, firm, and vifible in many places ofi this Street,
where Woods are yet ftanding on both fides , as undoubtedly
they were in the Romans time, elfie had it not been pav'd; and
in other places it is pav'd where nothing of any Wood is now to
be feen, tho' there was when it was made undoubtedly.
If it came to Ikefiworth, I believe it is now impoflible to
determin what courfe this Ikenildftreet took Eaftward from
that place. Tho' there be fome remains of an old way a little
beyond Brandon Ferry, betwixt Weeting and Wilton, I hardly
think it paffed the Oufie there, fince that Road feems to run
intirely from Venta Icenorum and Yarmouth, and might ra
ther lead to Brannodunum, now Brancafter, on the other
coaft of Norfolk. I take it to have gone either to Wulpitt
the old Situmagus, or by another Ikefiworth, and then fome-
where about Dis, or Lopham-ford over the Waveney into that
County, and fo by long Stratton, and Stratton St. Mary near
the head ofthe River Wentfiar, and Taesborough, to have taken
in Cafter the Venta Icenorum, and from thence to have turn'd
to fi Burgh Caftle near Yarmouth, the Garriannonum where the
Notitia Imperii y quarters the StableJian Horfiel. The old
way at that place call'd the Jews way which did lead to the
Monaftery, as an old Roman Wall at Leicefter is call'd the
Jews Wall, may have been part of this Street, tho' it has now
loft it's name.
But once more we muft return to Barley, from whence
this Ikenildftreet vifibly carrys us, and owns it's name to Roy-

x V. abridgement of the Philof. Tranf. Vol. III. p. 429.
fi Line 30. after Burgh Caftle infert, •' or another * Caftor."
y Notit. Imper. Occid. cum Com. Pancirolli, c. 71. I V.
Camd. Brit. p. 376. and 381.
* V. Spelmanni Icenia p. 157, fton,

148 An EJfiay concerning
Bcenild- fton, dividing, in it's paffage, the Countys of Cambridge arid
ftreet. Hertford. From Royfton it leaves Odjey:grange a little to the
*-^*V**v"' North ; and running thro' Baldock croffes a Rivukt call'd
Pirri at Icklefbrd, to which Town it has imparted it's name.-
Then continuing it's courfe to the Northweft of Wellbury
little Offley, and Lilley it enters Bedford- [hire thro' Streetley
to Dunftable. Locus autem Me prope Houghton* ubi Watling
fcf Ickneld dute ftrttt/e regia conveniunt, extitit Sec. & per
quadrum & longum diclarum Stratarum eedijicabatur diclus.
locus X.
From Dunftaple by the Southeaft of Ivingho and Meerf-
•warth it went again into Hertfiord-feire near Long Merfton,
and paffed thro' Tring into Buckingham-feire, which it croffed
towards Chinner in Oxfiord-feire. I cannot however find it is
any where apparent to tbe eye in the former of thefe Coun
ties, except between Princes Risborrow and Kemble in the
Street, where it is ftill call'd Icknell way p.
Dr. Plot had traced y it quite thro' Oxfiord-feire, and I can
give you no better account of it than he has done, who was
the firft difcoverer of it there, which is that it enters it in
the Parifh of Chinner, and leaves it again at Goring upon the
Thames for Bark-fhire ; neither is it caft up any where in a
ridged bank, or laid out by a deep trench as others are. It
pafles thro' no Town in the County unlefs Goring, oppofite
to which, in Bark-fhire, ftands Strateley, which has affuredly
taken it's name from this Strata.
And here I muft confefs my felf at a full flop, the Ikenild
ftreet, as far as I know, being after this intirely loft, and
our guides utterly difagreeing among themfelves which way
to lead us. Henry of Huntington tells J" us in general, it went
from Eaft to Weft. Mr. Drayton terminates it upon the So
lent Sea. The Cottonian Scheme carrys it on to Salisbury, and
Robert of Gloucefter agrees with Henry Huntington. Neither
the Monk of Chefter, nor the Eulogium mention it ; and what
the former of thefe takes to be the Ermingfireet, the other
calls by a name particular to himfelf Belingfireet.
If it terminated upon the Solent Sea, it muft have been at
Southampton, and probably went from Strately, where we
loft it, to Silchefter, thence to H'intchefter, and Southampton,
and the way above mention'd < between Wintchefter and Sil-
x Mon. Angl. Vol. II. p. 132, 133. p Aubrey's Monumenta
Britannica. y Hift. of Oxford-fe. c. X. §. 22. I Lib. I. p.
299. f P. ioi. chefter

E Codice MS. quern iriihi rhutuo dedit V. cl.
Thomas Rawlinsonvs, Arm.
Verfus de * Dificeplatione quam ficslares Oxoniae habuerunt de
villanis, & qualiter villani eos extra villam accideruntp.
OXonia? clerum fleo y jam ftimulante dolore,
£Dum ccetum procerum difperfum cerno timore.
Quae quondam viguit moderamine cleficulorum
Jam primo riguit, teriturque fraude malofum.
t Cleri flos mundi patitur, fit & Cxicialis,
Dum manus immundi ccetus premit hilnc laicalis.
Jam regit ancilla, dominatrix £ fuppeditatur,
Heu mala fors ilia, dum fervula fede locatur.
d Mors in Marte furit fera, gens mala, plebfque nephanda
Sic clerum 9 prurit quod & arma tulit bajulanda.
Gens i praemunita ftipataque vi jaculorum
Plures fternit ita virtute rotata fuorurri.
Plures incedunt armati vel x galeati,
Et pueros laedunt quod non pugnare a parati.
Tunc quantum poterant pueri laicosft reprimebant,
y Et fimul obftiterant defendere fe fatagebant.
O ! quantum prodeft pravorum pellere faltum ?

« Decepcione MS. De bac Difceptatione, qua in annum.
mcccliv. incidk, confuleridus A. a Wood in Hift. & Antiq. Univ.
Ox. fub ann. mcccliv, mccclv, mccclvi, mccclvii.
P Exftant fc? hi verfus (omiffo tamen tilulo five infcriptione) in
Cvdice MS. quern fitpius infpexi in Bibl. Bodl. fup. Art. D. 123.
(foi. 294. b.J ubi IS alia id genus habentur carmina ; qu<e omnia
panxit illius- fiecuM' po'e'ta e Collegio (ut conjicit Woodius) Mertonen-
fe: y Nunc MS. Bodl. $ Sic lego e Cod. Bodl. non, ut in Cod.
RavdinfoniUno, Gum totum procerum &c. 1 Sic in utroque Cod.
Malint forfan nonnulli, Clerus, flos mundi, patitur, &c £ Sub-
peditatur MS. Bodl. 0 Mars in Marte furit, fera gens, mala
plebfque nepbanda MS. Bodl. 9 Prorupit MS. Bodl. 1 Sic lego
pro, prafminita, ut babet Cod. RavJinfonianus, & primitiva, ut
feribitur in Cod. Bodl. x Galiati /« utroque Cod. a Sic lego J
Cod. Bodl. non rarati, ut male in God. Raiulinf. p Refervabant
MS. Bodl: perperam, y Nam fimul oMeterant Cad. Bodl.
Vol.6. u Afperius

IJ*

VP

Afperius nihil eft humili cum furgit in altum.
Larga dei pietas*juvenes/3 Jguadrivia quaerunf;
Magna y fet anxietas decepti dum redierunt.
Clericulos contra dum ^pugnant Oxonienfes,
En dolus e contra, fubito venere forenfes.
Tunc orientalis aditus petitur fine scundta,
£ Nee rumor talis legitur per fecula cuncta.
Urebat portas agreftis plebs populofa :
Poft res diftortas videas quae funt viciofa.
Vexillum geritur nigrum, ij Uc, flc recitatur,
Credunt quod moritur rex, vel quod fic9-fimulatur,
i Clamant a fe at, vel a bob, non fit qui falvificetur ;
x Smpgt fade, g^f 2°°" hnofe, poft hoc nullus dominetur.
a Cornua fumpferunt, & in illis owt refonantes,
Clericulos quaerunf, lepores velut exagitantes.
Armaque multa ferunt agreftesjK arcitenenfes,
Quos conduxerunt burgenfes Oxonienfes.
Hii mala fecerunt, aliquorum non miierentes :
Plures venerunt victum fibi furripientes.
Scacia, Francia, forcia prcelia quando dederunt,
Talia devia, tarn quoque vilia non retulerunt."
Brachia, crura, pedes v mucro vorat, & rogus aedes :
Tarn viles caedes puto non fecit | Diomedes.
« Tradunt cunfta neci praedaeque * cupidine tadti :
x Nudi pro juvenes legitur in Cod. Bodl. In Cod. autem Raw-
linjoniano juvines Jcribitur. p *EnatetbOf0, five CaftfajC, vul-
go. In hac oppidi regione fimultates atque lites iftee acerbijjim*
exortte Junt ; in cenopolio nempe fatis celebri (a parte auftrali
ecclefia D. Martini fiuo) oiim SjDpnoUttoCfc, vel S»tnttOC6e,
deinde (quod ab aliis aenopoliis infigni Sirenis difeingueretur )
tlje £$ertnait> fCatoem nuncupato. Oenopolium hocce ante tres
annos dirutum fuit, tsf Jolo aquatum, y Fit pro fet in Cod. Bodl.
$ Bellant MS. Bodl. t Id eft, cun&atione. f Nunc rumor eft ta
lis, legitur csfr. Cod. Bodl. male, k SICC, flee Cod. Bodl. non
flea flea, nt in Ant. a Wood, p. 1 74. a. 9- Humiliatur MS. Bodl.
i Clamant fjabafe, vel fcattofe, Cod. Bodl. non, ut in Ant. a Wood,
Clamant fcattocfe & ijauoefc. x &mtt fall, g^f goOe tmoftfeesf.
nullus poft haic dominetur Cod. Bodl. Et Jtc in Woodio, nife
quod, pro recentiore fcribendi ratione, gifoe gODC fenoCbCfl edi-
derit. A Defunt otto verfus, qui mox Jequuntur, in Cod. Bodl.
^ Sic repofui pro architinenfes ut in MS. Ratal, legitur. t Vorat
mucro Cod. Bodl. | Sic e Cod. Bodl. non Exoniedes, ut in Cod.
Ratal. In C. Bodl. fedes pro caedes depravate feribitur. . Ifei
duo verfus dejiderantur in Cod. Bodl. & Cupedine MS.
Noa

Non ceffare preci lseti de turbine faai."
Invadunt aulas « b^cbefon CUtn fottl) geminantes :
Fregerunt caulas fimul omnia vi fpoliantes.
Sic occiduntur plures. p In finibus iftis
Quod difperguntur omnes reliqui, bene fciftis.
Sicque fenex y patitur, JJuvenis quoque pesbiter ille
Ut malus impetitur. quod teftantur modo mille.
Et quod plus doleo, multos ^ trufere Bocardo

« 215^ltbefone pritnum jcribebatur in Cod. Bodl. deinde ab ead.
manu bpftiiefone corrigebntur. %'Ot. tt)e suit eomc forthe
edidit Woodius nojler, ; * nee abfurde ut puto. fi Male pro in ha-
bet Cod. Bodl. fcf mox infra pueri pro reliqui. Puntlum poft plu
res, &f comma poft reliqui (jenju, nifallor, fie poftulante) pojui,
licet nulla -exftet interpunftio in Cod. Rami. i)i quo & alibi defunt
diftinilionis notie. In' Coil, autem Bodl.- poft plures csf difpergun
tur diftinguitur . non adeo reSe, ut mihi videtur. y Quatitur MS.
Bodl. $ Juvinis, & mox prefpiter, in Cod. Rawl. i Trucere
Cod. Ratal.
* Poft nee abfurde, ut puto, adde, reSius tamen b^ehefott, id
eft, SOtl Of a SlEpcbe, ut e Codice Rawlinfoniano.M'aY. eo nempe
modo quo & olim USfcorefOP dixerunt pro SOtl of a USfeorC.
Exempla habemus cum alibi turn in libello quodam lepido & antiquo
(inter Codices Seldenianos in Bib\. Bodl.) qui inferibitur ; <CI}e
I©lfe laweo in hotels Sh^n -. or- tht Camtng of a
SbrettP, ubi pag. 36. fie legimus ;
iCbep»teftUo together thus ther two
£0 long tljat the clot&es afunoet merit.
aino to tl)e groant) he tytewe fcer tljo,
C^at cleane from tijc bache bet ftnocfe J)e rent.
3In eber? banb a wo be gate,
ainD lapt) upon bet a rigljt goob t>ace :
SSstetng of bet ttiljat game was that,
aino flje ctfcea out iiorefon, alas, alas.
Et pag. 42.
Come ooame novo into this teller fo peepe,
aino Novels sbfn ttjere trail ?ou fee :
U&lth man? a too that bath mat>e me to xoeepe,
J©tjcn the blooo ranne oorone faft bp mp tnce.
Cfje I©oti)er ttjtjs belielu, ant) ctfeo out, alas :
2Jnu tan out of tbe feller as ftje bao bene udooo.
She came to tl)e table mljere tbe company seas,
3i.no fa^o ont boteton, JI will tee ti;? fearte blooo.
V 2 Non

»53

*54

» Non fotos p oleo, necnon medicamine tardo,
Ad fratres y redeunt puerps ab eis jugulanjtes,
Et plures feriunt nop Cbriftoferum veperantes.
Heu! ^gens perverfa, crux « fciriditur atque feriturV
Ad mala converfa, t, fervpnti ftrage pptitur,
Credo prsetendupt aliquid pronoftica facta :
Set me tranfcendunt lector quasi) funt" tibi tracta.
Vos 9- Cartons validi, quifquis i fociet fibi fratrem :
Ne fitis x tepidi, cleri x defendite matrem.
j*Eftimo quod plures libri vobis fpoliantur ;
Sternite fie fures donee nihilo redigantur.
Vos decus Oxonia, cleri fpeculum, via morum,
a Nee Cod. Bodl. p Olio Cod. Rawl. y Rediunt Cod.
Rawl. i> Plebs Cod. Bodl. e Sinditur Cod. Rawl. £ Feri-
~ enti MS. Bodl. v Sic e Cod. Bodl. Sit Cod. Rawl 9 Sic in
Cod. Rawlinfioniano ; fed Charltons reponi debet. Nam in Cod.
Bodlejano Charleton feribitur. Et ex Faftis plane conftat Hum-
phredum de Charleton tunc temporis cancellarii munus obiiffe,
if ob operam in compefcenda feditione nefanda aflidue na-
vatam una cum fratre ejus Ludovico de Charleton Bene-
facforum academicorum albo [Videfis Woodii Hift.if Antiq.
Univ. Oxon. Part. II. p. 397. £.] ex decreto folenni infertum
fuiffe. Eundem quoque honorem tulerunt Thomas Nevill (idem
ille, ut conjicio, de quo infra fit mentio in carminibus noftris) if
Joannes de Charleton. De Academia etiam alii optime funt me
rit! ob diligentiam in dirimendis litibus adhibitam ; preecipue
Beuchamp, vel Beuchamus ille [fee enim legend, e Cod. Bod
lejano, non, ut in Rawlinfioniano, Beuchamur) quem itidem
audor nofter laudavit. Viri ifli praftantiffimi clericfsfivefcho-
lares (nam idem valebat utrumque nomen) animofe defenderunt,
Academic jura ftrenue afferuerunt, hoftiumque praftigias if
fallacias ornate diluerunt. Seditionis antefignani erant Joannes
Berefiordus prcetor urbanus, if Robertus Lardinerus atque Ri
chardus Forefterus Ballivi ; homines (Ji qui alii) nefarii if
malevoli ; utpote quorum animi libidin is, ambitionis, contentio
ns, inimicitiarum, cupiditatum omnium fuerint pleni. Cancellarii
Uaque ceterorumque antediclorum caufarum noftrarum aStorum
peritite, indufirics fortitudinique debetur quod oppidanis mulcla
gravifftma fit irrogata, clerici autem fiententiis judicum fuerint
liber ati, amplifijimifique decor ati privilegiis. 1 Sociat Cod. Bodl.
x Ita diftinxi autloritate Cod. Bodl. Alii forfan comma poft cleri
reSiius poni cenfiuerint. A ha in utroque Cod. MS. Defendere
fortean malint alii,
Normaque

Normaque jufticia?, * memore? ptis/pueroriun,
O fi Nevell evigila^, frjictus vitis v bpzealjs j
Et fuper hoc vigfla, Inaro clerii^abefi /pe,cialis. .'
Patriflare foles, animpfus dicens,$(fet
Pravorum foboles t minuas nnnc ^ i;cce pecefTe.
[* Non fie degep^r esarmis tptuS; generatu?,
Quin cleri memqr, es ; fatis es Jam nptfijltatus.]
SBeucbamp tarn dujeis, al'tej: Jonathan fpeciofps,
Hoftibus expulfis ne fis fuper ifta, mprctfusT
< Quamvis fis juvenis,; tamen ext,a? mprigerofus,
x Et geris afta fenis ; rogo qppd fiftas animofus.
A Sermonis veri vos fratres fepiipa daptes,
f* Excidium clgri cupctis monftraje potaptes.
v Clerus floridus, qlim fervidus arte fophiae,
Eft modo f. mercidus, .& jam « horriius arte v talias."
Caula? quaffantur, agni mites lacerantur,
Et male tractantur, paftores non dominantur.
Jam nunc eernemus paftores fi g fimuhtbunt,
\t fie temptemus, ff clericuji remeabupt.
Ilrb? bona,, fublirnis, a- ,& Kahundaps rebus opimis
Nunc erit t ex'pnmis, Chrifto dpee labitur imis.
Urbs fortunata, v fpit haee, Validis <p redimita.
Sic verguntfata ; punc jpfa, nocet fibi yita.
Urhs Celebris dudvimj x nam magnat nobilitatis,

x Sic Cf Rawl. nifi quad feitis babeat. Sit-is memores in Cad.
Bodl. p Newyl Cod. Bodl. y Borialis in utroque Cod. £Jam
Cad. B. 6 Sic e Cod. Bodl. Minas in Cod. Rawl. £ Sic etiam
e Cod. Bodl. non eb~ [id eft, effej ut in Cod. Rawl. » Hafte
duos verfes, in Cod. Rawl. defideratos, e MS. Bodl. excerpfi.
S- Vide paullo fuperius, i Bini verfus, mox fiequentes, tranfpo-
nuntur in C. Bodl. in quo if fig tu tamen morig. legitur pro
tamen extas morig. In C. Rawl. juvinis pro juvenis. x Sic
e C. Bodl. Ut aeris acta ife . in C. Rawl. mendofe. x Prima?-
vis veri C. Bodl, p Sic lego e Cod. Bodl. Ex id cleri cunctis
monftrare notantes (corrupte) in Cod. Rawl. v Defunt in Cod.
Bodl. ufque ad, Caulae quaffantur ife. i Id eft, propter
mercedem dicens, vel loquens. V. Du-Frefin. v. m e r c i-
Divs. o Oridus MS. ar Calet?, vel tallep, Anglice. V.
Du-Frefin. v. Tale a. e, Sic e Cad. Bodl. Siliabunt Cod.
Rawl. <r Deeft & in Cod, Bodl. t Malim ex minimis, fed
eximis in Cod. Bodl. v Fit validis & redimita Cod. Bodl,
& Redemita Cod. Rawl. % Et m. Cod. Bodl.
' Ver*

*S5

¦>5«

Vertitur in ludum viciofae rufticitatis.
Plena potentatu, celeberrhna, digha relatu»
Feliciffima, tu nunc es maculata reatu.
w Si fueris lota, fi vita fequens bona to ta,
Non eris ignota, non eris abfque nota."
O Dea Fortuna ! quo funt tua g'audia plena ?
Veneris ut luna, fet nobis fi nunc in amoena.
Eft Deus y immdtus, qui fcit ^tolerare fiiperbos,
Et cum vult ictus infuridere riovit acerbos.
i Ufque modo flevi, carnis incommoda levi :
Set fcio nempe brevi refevabitur a nece £' nevi."
O Deus accelera, difporie tua pietate
jiUtfitpax vera., Ne quis nos 9- fegregat a te.
» Anno milleno tercenteno quoque deno
Atque quater deno, quater : hinc numero lege pleno.
x. Expliciunt verfus ifti."

ee Difeichon hocce deeft in Cod. Bodl. fi Non ;* Cod. Bodl.
retlius. y Invi&us in Cod. Bodl. $ Tollerare cum duplici 1 in
utroque Cod. Has note minutias exemplo Scioppii in rei criticee ftti-
diojorum gratiam. t Ifti duo verfus defunt in Cod. Bodl. £ Sic.
% Sic lego e Cod. Bodl. non &, ut in Cod. Rawl. 9- Sic in utroque
Cod. Malim, fegreget. i Hofee duos ultimas verfus, qui in Cod.'
Rawl. defederantur, e MS. Bodl. adjeci. x Uteris miniatis ; fed
borum loco in Cod. Bodl. babemus, Afta funt hsec Anno Domini
milleiimo, trecentefimo, quinquagefimo quarto.

FINIS.

YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

3 9002 01461 2585