'.^. c- .W JJfcVt f- f^r*:- ('.' >!> ' YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ACQUIRED BY EXCHANGE THE HISTORY OF EUTLAND COUNTY VERMONT. CIVIL, ECCLESIASTICAL, BIOGRAPHICAL AND MILITARY. •WHITE RIVER PAPER CO., W^HITE RIVER JUNCTION, VT. 1882. PREFACES. This History was printed aud bound a few years ago together vrith the his tory of Orleans C^ounty, making a volume of 1242 pages. The price of uecessity was put at six dollars and some were disposed of, but many did not think their means warranted the purchase. To meet an earnest demand we have put this Countj' History by itself, and confidently expect a large sale at the reduced price. THE PUBLISHERS. GOIsrTIKllSrTS. RUTLAND COUNTY IN THE NEW YORK CONTROVERSY— Hon. Hil.-vnd H.A.LI 403—405 BENSON— By tlie late Hox. Royal C. Kellogg, ?Ieni-y Clark, L. Howuril Kel logg, Rufus Wilmot Grisxvold 405-428 BRANDON- Hon. A. G. Daxa il. 1).. Rev. Bernice J). Amos, Mrs. A. G. Dnii.i, Dea. Bavzillai Davenport, Rev. Franklin Tiixbiiry, Rev. C. Thomas D. D., J. E. Hiutiiiis, Bishop DeGoe.sbviand, A. D. Htmev, Mr^;'. E. 1). Marsh, Rev. Wui. Ford, Ihm. N.T. Spragne. (ieo. Hviggs. E.-q-.^D. L. jNIilHken, H. M. Mott, 428— 500 CASTLE rON — Kf.v. .Joseph Steele, Rev. E. P. HooUer, Hon. J.ames Slade, Mrs. Caroline V. Smith, Rev. P. 11. White. Selali Gridley, Trof. James Hope, B. Malhewsoii. R. E. jMaranville 501— :!47 CHiri'EXOEN- II. F. I^AIKD, T. C. 547—552 CLARENDON— H. B. SrAi--F0i:n, Esq., Rev. Wm. T. Herrick. Mrs. Wm. L. .Marsh \V. T. NichoK, Hon. Silas Henry Hodges, Mrs. M. R. PI. Mason. Mrs. Roena Mason 552 — 576 DANBY— J. C. Williams. Thos. Rowley, Sarah A. Boyce. Mrs. H. i\r. Crapo, C. H. Congdon. .\. .S. Baker, Bishop De Goesliriand, Maria H. Tnpper 552 — 673 FAIRHAVEN— A. N. Adams, Rev. N. S. S. Beaman I). D., Chittenden Lyon. HUBBARTON— Amos CnuitciiiLL and E. .11. St. John, Nancy W. Barbei- 072—778 IRA— Bradley Fish. Esq 778_7S4 MEN' DON— Mrs. Anna Boukx • 784—799 AHDDLETON— Hox. B.utNF.S Frisisie, Henry Clark 778—845 MOUNF HOLLY— Dr. .John Crowley. Mrs. S.arahotte P. BnU 845—806 MT. TABOR— S. Tabor Esq., C. F". Tabor 866- 870 P.IWLET— IIlEL HOLLISTLR, Wm. Edgerton, Mary Robinson, llev. Geoiiic Sniilli, .lonnthan Ranil.iU, ^^'liitefield Walker. ILirriet .\. Cliapin '.870—934 PITTSFIELD— W. R. Bi.ossoM, Rev. P. H. Wliite 934-939 PlTrSFORD— Di;. A. M. Cavekly, Tliomas P.almer, Olive E. Paine, Lizzie P.ir- nienter 939—964 POULrNEY— Hlxuy Clark and Elias A,shlky, Prof. A. C. Kendriek, Rev. John (ioadbv. Hiland II ill. Bishop Do Goesbri.and, D wiaht Shepherd Bli-^s. A. P. Pdiss. AVm. ,McLe<)d. Mv-^. Marion H. Roe, Rev. Alva II. Roe. 964—1103 RUTLAND— Chaijxcv K. Williams. Henry Hall, Esq.. Rev. John Todd D. D., Rev. Aldacc Walker D. D., Prof. James Davie Bntler. Gen. Benjamin Alvfield, Ct Samuel, James and Daniel Howard came from Hartford, Ct. — • Elijah Wilco.-i (•fniher of Martin and Philo,) Ciinie from Gosbeu, Ct The families bearing the name of Staey came from Salem, Moss. Robert Barber came from Brookfield, ilass. !•' rancis Arnold waa from Norwich, lla.^s. Edward and John Aiken were from Londonder ry, N. II. David Briggs and his sons Simeon and Arnold, were from Berkley, Mass. The town was organized at a town-meeting held March 23, 17S6— Capt Asahel Smith moderator, and Allen Goodrich town clerk • and at an adjourned meeting held March 30, 1786 Capt Asahel Smith, Simeon Goodrich and Capt. James Noble were appointed selectmen, and Jonathan Danf .rth constable. No Hsters were oppointcd in this year, and it is probable that BENSON. 409 there was then little, if any property within the town which was subject to taxation. Tbe record of the two first town-meetings. although stating that the meeting was " held in Benson," does not state in either case at what place in the town the meeting was held ; and no notification or warning for any town-meeting held in the town, previous to Nov., 1798, is re corded in the towu records. At a town-meeting held Sept. 28, 1786, it was voted " to raise six pounds,'' and " to raise it by the Pole," [poll] and " that there be six days' work per man done on the roads, with what has been done this year ;" and also " voted a petition to the General Assembly for a tax on all lands of [one penny] per acre." At the October session of the General Assembly, in 1786, an act was passed empowering the selectmen to levy a tax of one penny on each acre of land in the town, for the purpose of making and repairing public roads and bridges in the town. — (Slade's Ver mont State Papers, p. 509.) At the same ses sion the General Assembly passed resolutions providing for taking the sense of the freemen of the State on a proposed project for " emit ting a small bank of paper-money on loan or otherwise," and in respect to the tender acts, so called. — (Thompson s Vermont, Civil Histo ry, p. 79.) In reference to these resolutions it was voted at a town-meeting held in Benson Nov. 23, 1786, "to say nothing about paper money." At a town-meeting held in Benson June 13, 1786, Capt Asahel Smith was chosen the del egate from the town to the State Constitutional Convention, held at Manchester on the last Thursday of June, 1786, called by the Council of Censors to consider certain proposed amend ments to the Constitution. (See Slade's Ver mont State Papers, p. 531.) The town was first represented in the Gener al Assembly in 1788 — Asahel Smith represent ative ; and it has been represented in that body at every session since that year, up to the present time ; though, in 18 1 2 the election of the sitting member was successfully contested, and he was unseated. At the time when the town was organized. the towns were, under the laws of the State, authorized to settle a minister, and provide for his support — and also to buUd a meeting-house, and to assess a tax on the polls and ratable es tate therein for these purposes : and the laws practically made the town au ecclesiastical par ish, as well as a political or municipal corpora tion ; and, with some changes, this continued to be, in substance, the law of the State until 1807.— (See the law of 1783, in Slade's Ver mont State Papers, p. 472— law of 1787, in Statutes of Vermont, Haswell's edition of 1791, p. 202— and laws of 1797, 1801 and '07, in Laws of Vermont, Tolman's compilation, vol. ii. p. 173-180.) A large majority of the first settlers of the town were Trinitarian Congrega tionalists ; and the providing for the preaching of the gospel, the building of a meeting-house, and the settlement of a minister, were amono- the first subjects which were considered iu the early town-meetings. At the annual town-meeting held Mnreh 19, 1787, "at the house of Ensign Stephen Olm sted," it was "voted to fix the house lately occupied by Solomon Chittenden, and now the property of Asa Farnam, so as shaU be conven ient to meet in on the Sabbath ;" and also " voted to hire Mr. Ralph the space of one month, to pay in wheat after harvest, at a mar ket price;'' and it was also " voted that the committee appointed to hire Mr, Ralph are to hire him one half of the time for two months, if he wiU be hired for or under four dollars per Sabbath, to be paid in grain after harvest." At a town-meeting held Dec. 29, 1788, it was " voted to hire a Minister one half of the time next summer, with Fairhaven." Mr. Levi Hackley was employed as a preacher in 17S9- '90. At a town-meeting held on the 22d March, 1790, it was "voted to have Mr. Levi Hackley settle with us for our Minister," — and " that the town will raise tliirty-five pounds in necessary articles for building, to be paid to Mr. Levi Hackley for a settlement, exclusive of the right of land which naturally belongs to him as soon as he becomes our Minister" — and " to give Mr. Hackley seventy pounds salary for a year, to begin with forty pounds the first year, and to rise with the List of the town, until it amounts to seventy pounds, and there stand :" — but the vote to settle Mr. Hackley was reconsidered at an adjourned town meeting, March 30, 1790. The town-records also men tion the names of " Mr. Noble" (Rev. Oliver Noble,) and "Mr, Hyde,'' as invited or hired " to preach" in the town in 1790. THE CONGKEaATIONAL CHmtCH in Benson, according to an entry in its book of .ecurds, was "formed at a meeting held in Ben son March — , 1790, by the Rev. Matthias Ca- zier of Castleton, and his delegate, Mr. Sturte- vant ;" and, on its organization, Deacon Joseph Clark was appointed " Moderator of the Church," and Alien Goodrich'. clerk. 410 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. The building of a meeting-house was a fre quent subject for consideration iu nearly every one of the early town-meetings. On Deo. 7, 1789, a committee of five was appointed " to draw a subscription-paper for building a school- bouse-meoting-house, and to see their subscrip tions laid out for that purpose." In the follow ing year (1790) a framed buUding of one story was erected on the school-lot in tho village, a few feet in the rear, but north-easterly of tho dwelling-house in which Byron A. Carter now resides — its north line being about 4 feet south of the north line of the house-lot connected with that dwelling-house. Miijor Ozias John son was the carpenter and joiner by whom this buUding was framed and com|ileted. The frame originally was 24 feet by 20, to which an addi tion of 20 feet square was subsequently made, 80 that the building was 40 feet by 24. Its length, after this addition, extended north and south: but the buUding, shortly after it was first occupied, was turned around, so that its length extended east and west About 1794, this building was removed about 20 rods north, to the site on the lot now occupied by the Meth odist parsonage. The building was designed and arranged mainly as a school-house — the school-room being separated from the other room by a swing partition ; but it was occupied as a place for publio worship until the new meeting-house was so far completed as to be in a fit condition to be occupied for the same pur pose. The house of Solomon Chittenden, which had previously been occupied as a place for holding religious meetings on the Sabbath, was a log-house situated on the east side of the main road leading through the village, on the farm now occupied by the widow of Benoni Ladd, and some rods north of the dwelling-house in which she now resides. The Rev. Dan Kent, who became the first settled minister in Benson, was horn at Suffleld, Ct, AprU 10, 1758. His father, Cephas Kent, removed from that town about 1774, to Dorset, Vt, where he was inn-keeper. (Of him a notice is given in this work, ante, vol. i., p. 185 ; and see the genealogy of the Kent family in Good win's Genealogical Notes, f. 146,) Ho served as a volunteer, for short periods, in the war of the Revolntion, at various times — in scouting- partioa — as a minute-man, and in defence of the frontier ; and, as volunteers, he and two broth- era were attached to the regiment of Col, Seth Warner, and engaged with it in the second at tack in the battle of Bennington ; and for his nulitary service he received a pension for a few years before his death. After the close of the war of the Revolution, he studied law for a short time, and afterwards, for a short time, was in business as a merchant : but he finally de termined to devote his life to the ministry of the gospel. He was licensed to preach by an ecclesiastical councU convened at Dorset in Feb ruary, 1789, and for 13 months thereafter he supplied the church in that town as a preacher. His ministry in Benson commenced in the beginning of the winter of 1791-92, he being then in the 34th year of his age. On the 4th of June, 1792, votes were passed by both tho church and the town, giving him a " call to set tle with us in the work of the ministry." At the town-meeting it was voted " to give him forty pounds settlement, to be paid in labor and materials for building, and to give him forty-five pounds salary for the first year, and to rise an nually with the list, until it amounts to seventy pounds, and that to be his salary!" This caU was presented to and accepted by Mr. Kent, in town meeting, June 25, 1792 — Aug. 22, follow ing, was appointed for his ordination, and the selectmen were appointed a committee " to provide for the Council." A memorandum on the church records states that at a meeting of the church, Aug. 22, 1792, "the ordination of Mr. Kent was postponed to the Sth of Septem ber next, by reason of the sickness and death of Mrs. Kent, the wife ofthe candidate.'' Sept. 5, 1792, according to a memorandum on the church records, " Mr. Dan Kent [was] set apart and consecrated to the pastoral care and watch of the Church and congregation in Benson." This pastoral relation, thus commenced, con tinued untU the llth of July, ISilS, when he was dismissed. At the time of his dismissal he was in his 71st year, and his service as the set tled pastor in Benson had continued for nearly 36 years. He was the preacher of the " Election Ser mon" before the Gener,al As-semhly, at its session at Rutland, in 1796, and this is believed to be tho only one of his sermons which was ever printed. He received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Middlebury College iu 1 807. Ho was tall and commanding in presence and his preaching was marked by earnestness, orig inality and ability ; and he was one of the leading ministers of his denomination iu the State. During his ministry there were severa seasons of unusual religious interest among the people of his charge, which resulted in large additions to his church, viz : — in 1793 the ad ditions to the church were between 20 and 36 ; BENSON. 411 in 1803 there were 103 added ; in 1830 be tween 30 and 40; in 1814, 12; in 1816-'17, between 120 and 130 ; aud in 1821, 151. For nearly the entire period of his ministry, Mr. Kent was the only settled pastor in the town; and to no other man is the town so much indebted for the abiding features of its religious and social character. He was twice married — (1) to Abigail Sykes of Dorset, who died at Dorset, Aug. 18, 1792, aged 31 years ; and (2) June 9, 1793, to Betsey Griswold, daughter of Daniel Griswold, Esq. (Tale Coll., 1747) of Sharon, Ct Mr. Kent died at Benson July 22, 1835, aged 77 years. His widow, Mrs. Betsey Kent, born at Sharon, Ct., Sept 15, 1768, died at Benson March 30, 1854, aged 85 years, 6 months. The inscription on the mon ument erected in memory of her husband and herself, at the place of their burial, justly says of her that, "Distinguished for her Christian wisdom and benevolence, sanctifying her emi nently genial social nature, she contributed much to her husband's pastoral usefulness, and she has a hallowed remembrance in the hearts of all who knew her." A minister having been settled with entire unanimity, the next subject which engaged the attention of the town was tbe building of a meeting-house. Oct. 3, 1792, it was voted "to set the meeting-house on the rise of ground on Mr. Famham's land." Sept 2, 1794, a commit tee of six was appointed " to agree upon a place to set tbe meeting-house ;'' and it was voted " to set the meeting-house on the place where the above committee had set a stake for the purpose,'' and " to raise £350 to be paid in materials for building a meeting-house ;" and a committee of seven was appointed " to divide the town into classes, and to take care of the materials raised." Oct. 9, 1794, itwas voted " to build the meeting-house 65 feet long and 45 feet wide," and " to allow the following prices for materials to build the meeting-house, viz. : For IJ inch plank, £ 2 Os. per M. " ij inch boards, 2 0 do. " inch boards, 1 10 do. " good shingles, 0 12 do. " pine slit-work, 2 0 do. " oak do. 2 10 do. " clap-hoards, 1 10 do.'' It was also voted that Daniel Barber, Oliver Eoot and Ozias Johnson be " a committee to procure a draught of the meeting-house, and employ a carpenter for the purpose of building said house." March 14, 1796, it was voted "to] postpone framing and raising the meeting-house till a year from the 15th April next," and "to raise £150, to be paid by the flrst of March next." July 17, 1797, it was voted " to adopt some measure to cover the meeting house, the present summer, and to raise one thousand dollars, 600 of which to be paid by the first of January next, and 400 to be paid by the first of October following — to be paid in neat cattle or grain, if paid by the times set ; if not, to be paid in money," aud that " Reuben Nash be committee for build- ing the meeting-house, in lieu of Major Johnson, dismissed." Samuel Howard and Allen Good rich were added to this committee on 4th May, 1801. Jan. 10, 1797, one acre and one-fifth of an acre of land on which the meeting-house was subsequently erected, was conveyed by a lease by Asa Farnam, Esq., to " the.inhabitanta of the town of Benson," — " to be used and im proved for a meeting-house and green, as long as the said inhabitants shaU want it for that purpose,'' with a, condition that the lease was not to be binding, " unless the frame for a meet ing-house is erected within one year from the date hereof.'' The frame of this meeting-house was raised in the spring of 1797, and covered in the same year ; but the building was not fi naUy completed untU the summer of 1803. It was erected on the site conveyed by the above mentioned lease, on the west side of the main road leading northerly and southerly through the vUlage, fronting to the east, and extending east and west in length. The carpenter or mas ter-builder who superintended the work of build ing and finishing this house, was Capt Joel Dickinson of Westhaven. He was originally from Pittsfield, Mass., and had been the master- builder of the meeting-house erected in that town in 1790. Mr. Smith, in his recently pub lished " History of Pittsfield," says that he was " a skillful mechanic," and that the designs, in accordance with which that meeting-house be came one of the finest specimens of those well proportioned, cheery wooden structures, with Grecian ornamentation, which, very similar in their general character, wero about that time scattered through the more thrifty vUlages of New England," were furnished by Col. Bul- finch of Boston, " an architect of repute." — (His tory of Pittsfield, p. 441.) In plan, model and style, (though of slightly reduced dimensions,) the meeting-house in Benson was almost an exact copy from that in Pittsfield, and it was constructed from the same working drawings, and by the same master-builder ; and the view of the Pittsfield meeting-house given in the 412 VERMONT HISTORICAL i\rAGAZINE. History above referred to, (p. 444,) ia almost an exact re-production of the appearance of the hoiLso in Benson. The buUding waa well fin- islied, and had a gallery on the north-east and south sides ; and square pews with high backs, according to the image ofthe time when itwas erected ; and it was highly creditable both to tlio town anil the builder. There wero very few, if any, structures of the aame kind in thi.s vicinity, which could be considered superior to it in proportions, taste nnd .style. Tho town records furnish no account of the expenses, or total cost of tlio house, and it is not [irobablo that there are any sources of in formation in re.spent to tlioae expenses now in existence. Dec. 4, 17IJ8, the town voted "to sell the pew ground in the moetinK-house, for the purpo.s^ of finishing the hou.=e ;'' and the pews were sold by auction in town meeting — there being eleven adjourned meetin.ifs for this purpose, the first of which was held Jan. 1, 17119, and the last March 8, 1802. At the meeting held May 4, ISOl, it wa? " voted that the two pews as we go into the gallery, the one on the north side, and the other on the south side of the house, be reserved for the blacks to sit in." The bids for tbe pews were to be paid " in neat cattle or grain, in three yearly instalments," aud the amount of the sales of the pews w.as 5:5,89.'), ':.5. This sum, with the amount previ ously raised by the town, probably represented or covered the entire expenses of the building. In the summer of IM.'l a large beU, procured by private subscriptions at an expense of about $450.00, was placed in the belfry of this house —and this w-as the flrst beU which was brought into the town. A religious aoeiety was organized Dec. 10, 1709, under the provisions of the act of Oct 26, 1797, aa " tha first Congregational society in Benaon ;" but this soeier.y was superceded bv a now society orpanizcil under tho same name, Nov. 30, IS 14, agreeably to the pio\ision3 of the act passoil \ov. 10, 181 1 ; tho orijanizalion of which has been niaiiitained from that to the present, time. Por n r.'w years previous to the dismission of Mr. Kent, tho pulpit of his church was sup. plied, for a \i\rfra part of the time, by other preacliiTs. Among these aro romombored the Rev. Willard Child (Tale Cob, 1817,) now D, D., who preached here one year, ending in No vember, 182(1 ; Rev, Frye B. Rend, (.\tiiklle- bury CoU., 1S21,); Rov. Luther P. Blodgett, (Miild, Coll., IM),-,,) and Rev. Elijah Paine,' (Amh. Coll., 1S23.) Rev. George W. Kenslow was employed as a preacher for several months, in the fall of 182S, and the winter foUowing. In the spring of 1.S29, Rev. Daniel D. Francis (Univ. of Vt , lS2i';,) was employed as a preach er; and, in June following, he received and accepted a call from the church to settle here as their minister. The succession of settled ministers in the Congregational church and so ciety, since the dismission of Mr. Kent, has been as follows, viz. Itev. Daniel D. Francis, ordained July 29, lS2;j, dismissed Oct. 23, 1844; Rev. Azariah Hyde, (Midi. Coll., 1838.) orlained Jan. 29, 1S46, dismissed July 8, 185d ; Rev. Ebenezer Smith, ordained Sept 10, 18-57, diamissed Sept, I, 18C0; Ri-v. WiUiam S- Smart commenced preachin'^' in Benson in October, ISilO, ordain ed Jan. 23. 1^61, and dismissed May 21, 1867. He was honored wilh the degree of D. D. by Union Cohege at its Commencement in 1871. Rev. George P. Byington. ordained March 11, IStiS, and dismissed May 12, ISd9. The pres ent minister in charge is Rev. Henry M. Holmes, whose services commenced Dea 1, 1869. He was a graduate of Amherst CoUege in the clasa of IsoO. Few clergymen ever secured the respect and afl"ection of their people in a larger measure than did the Rev. Mr. Smart drin_' the time of his miuistrations. His servico here covered the entire period of the war of the rebellion ; and, at all times f iremost in every good work, he rendered invaluable aid in promoiinp; en listments, and strengthening the hearts of our people for every demand made upon them by the exigences of the war. He served with the 14th RcL-'t of Vt. Vols. (Col. Wm. T. Nichols,) as its chaplain, during its service, (October, lSi)2, to July, ISi'io,) and with his regiment was iu the battle of t>ettysburgli. There were 22 voluntcera from Benson iu company D, of the same re.,'imeiit. His application for a dis mission from the pa.sloral charge here, in order to nec^i.t that of tho fii-st Congregational church in .-Mo.iiiy, X. T„ w.is the occasion of universal re.^'ret ; nnd he left the town with the sincere respect, attachment and good wishes of all our people. The Congregational society, in 1S12, demol ished the meeting-house which it had occupied as a place for public worship for nearly forty years, and erected a new and handsome edifice of wood for the same purpoae in the same year The new house w.-ia erected about its length east, or in frout, of the site of the old ono and BENSON. 413 waa finished and occupied in the winter after its completion. The present number of mem bers of tbe Church (1870) is about 150. BAPTISTS. A Baptist society was organized in Benson Oct. 1, 1796, the members then being Joseph Shaw, John Shaw, Benjamin Shaw, Cyrus Maynard, Lewis Wilkinson, Reuben Wilkin son, Hammond Wallis, Daniel Kenyon and Walter Durfee ; and Maroh 5, 1797, a Bap tist church was organized, consisting of the following male members, viz. Sheldon Gibbs, Darius Gibbs, Ichabod Higgins, Jabez Carter, John Shaw, Rufus Bassett, Timothy Hinman, William Winter, Jonathan Hurlbut, Levi Belding, Abijah Fisher, Walter Durfee, Uri Curtis and William Jones. There are many certificates recorded on the town records, of persons declaring themselves to be " of tbe Baptist persuasion," while the law requiring all persons to be taxed for the support of public worship remained in force. The Baptist society had no regular preach er for many years ; but the following are known to bave been employed as its minis ters, viz. William Patterson, about 1797 — ISOO; Jeremy H. Dwyer, about 1813 '14 ; Johu S. Carter, about 1817 ; Reuben Sawyer, abont 1829-33 ; Robert Bryant, about 1840, and Ransom 0 Dwyer, about 1847, '48. In 1S26 this society erected a stone meet ing-house near the N. W. corner of the Stan dish farm, which was taken down in 1843, and the society erected another meeting-house in 1843, of wood, in tbe village, on the site of the present residence of Jonas Reed. This last house, after remaining unoccupied for many years, was sold and taken down in 1866, 'and the organization of tbe society has become extinct. A FEEEWrLL BAPTIST CHnKCH was organized in " Carter Street," in the west part of the town, about 182-5, consisting of a fev7 families, most of whom were originally Baptists; but most, if not all of these em braced Morraonism about 1831-'32, and short ly afterwards removed from town, and joined that community at Kirtland, Ohio, and fol lowed its subsequent migrations. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first Methodist Episcopal preacher who is remembered to have preached in Ben- eon was Elder Tobias Spicer. He visited and preached in Benson in 1811, being then of the age of 23 years. In 1837, Albert Champlin, then a young preacher of the same denomination, visited Benson, and preached occasionally daring tha year. In 1838 a Methodist Ej)iscopal church was organized here, and Rev. Peter P. Harrower became its stationed preacher. From that time to the present this church has had a steady growth, and has regularly supported a preacher. In 1841 a meeting-house was erected in the vil lage, of wood, and has ever since been occu pied by this church. The succession of preach ers in this church since its organization has been as follows, viz. 1838, '39, Peter P. Harrower ; 1839 to '41, William Henry ; 1841 to '43, Stephen Stiles ; 1843 to '45, William P. Gray; 1845-'46, Newton B. Wood ; 1846 to '48, Lewis Pot ter ; 1848 to '50, Rodman H. Robinson ; 1850 '51, James F. Burrows ; 1851 to '53, Ward Bullard ; 1853 to '55, Miner Van Au- ken ; 1855 to '57, John F. Crowle ; 1857 to '59, Peter H. Smith ; 1859 to '61, Edward N. Howe; 1861 '62, Milo P. Coburn ; 1862 '63, Washington I. Pond ; 1863 to '65, John Fas- sett ; 1865 '66, William C. Robinson ; 1866 to '69, Chipman B. Hawley ; 1869, Harvey F. Austin, who is the present preacher in charge. From the conference minutes of 1869 it appears that this church then had 110 members, exclusive of 5 " probationers." The Congregational and Methodist are now, (1870,) and for many years past have heen, the only organized churches in town. POLITICS. The first distinctive political divisions in town commenced about 1798, and the town was then strongly Democratic in its charac ter — Simeon Goodrich, the candidate of that party being elected as the town representa tive to the General Assembly in 1798 and '99. The trial of Col. Matthew Lyon of Fairhaven, for an alleged offence under the famous " Se dition law," in the United States Circuit Court at Rutland, in October, 1798, and his subsequent imprisonment in the jail at Ver gennes, excited a degree of feeling which has never since been exceeded in any political struggle. He was then the representative of the Western district of Vermont, in Congress, and at the election for Congress held in -this district on the first Tuesday in December, 1798, (no choice having been made at the election in the previous September) he waa re-elected by a decisive majority, although 414 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. then confined in jail at Vergennes, under his sentence. At thia election the vote of Ben son was 109 for Lyon, against 46 for his Fed eral opponent. Judge Samuel Williams of Rutland ; and Benson was represented largely in the procession of over 400 citizena on horseback, who went to Vergennes on tho expiration of Col. Lyon's term of four months' imprisonment, in February, 1799, and escort ed him from the jail to his residence in Fair haven. The Democrats maiiitained their ascendancy in the town until 1802, when, for the first time, the Federalists had a majority, — the vote for governor that year being, for Israel Smith (D) 71, and for Isaac Tichenor 86. From that time forward, while the old division of political parties continued, the Federalists had a majority — -usually small — in every year, on the State ticket, at the an nual elections in the town, except in the year 1807 ; yet the Democrats succeeded in elect ing the town representative in 1803, '10 and '11, as well aa in 1807 ; and the nearly even balance between the two parties was the oc casion of renewed struggles for success by each, at the successive annual elections. Tradition reports that, at the election in 1810, two brothers, Asa and Lemuel Standish, were respectively the candidates of the two parties for tovm representative — the former being the Democratic and the latter the Fed eral candidate — and the latter being also, as first constable of the town, the presiding of ficer at the election — and that, of the 211 votes cast, Asa received 121, and his brother Lemuel 120 ; thus electing the former by a single vote. In 1812 Chauneey Smith, the Federal can didate lor town representative, who had in the previous year been dropped from the list of justices of the peace appointed within the town, was declared duly elected at the free men's meeting; but his election waa success fully conteated, and he was unsealed — (Jour nals of the General Asaenibly ot 1812, p, 3S ) There wore 284 votes cast at this election, which was the largest number ever cast at any election in the town. In thia year Clianncey Smith waa the only Federalist among tho 9 justices of the peace appointed within tho town — aa Reuben Parsons had been the only one among the 7 who wore ap pointed in the preceding year. After the re-organization of political par ties nnder the administration of President Jackson, the majority of the votes of the town were almost without exception in har mony with the prevailing majority in tha State. There has accasionally been an earn- eat contest in the election of town represent ative. There were 13 ballotings for that of fice in 1852—9 in 1853, and 5 in 1854, before a choice was effected ; but the prevailing political preferences of the town were in each of those years clear and unquestioned. POPULATION. The population of the town at the several enumerations made under the authority of the government of the United States waa as follows, viz : Census of 1791, 658 Census of 1840, 1403 1800, 1164 " 1850, 1305 1810, 1561 " I860, 1296 1820, 1481 " 1870, 1244 1830, 1493 The number of children of school age, ("between the ages of four and eighteen years,") in the town, in each year from 1810 to 1820, inclusive, — the period in which tha average population was the largest in its en tire history, — as stated in the annual returns, was as follows ; 1810, 692 ISll, 694 1812, 726 1813, 716 1814, 726 1S15, 725 1816, 769 1817, 671 1818, 623 1819, 580 1820, 575 PHrSICIASS. The first physician who settled in town was Chauneey Smith. He came to Benson with his father, Asahel Smith, Esq., in 17S5, and commenced practice soon afterwards. The following ia a list of the physicians who have resided in the town, together with the term of their professional practice, according to the best sources of information which now exist, viz : Chauneey Smith, from 1786 to 1S15 ; Ella Smith, (brother of Chauneey,) from about 1786 to ISOl; Perez Chapin, from 1797 to 1807 ; Cyrus Eumsey, from 1808 to 1S22 • Rowland P. Cooley, from ISIO to 1850 •' Edmund Barnes, from 1812 to 1816, (remov ed to Leroy, N. Y. ;) Seth Ransom from 1817 to about 1854 : Edward Lewis 1824 to 1825, (removed to Fairhaven, and subsequent ly to Jackson, Mich. ;) Abijah H. Howard 1827 to 1846, (removed to Kalamazoo Mich where he died Deo. 29, 1859, aged nekrly Sr years ;) Charles S. Perry, 1846 to 1849 fre moved to Poultney;) Seneca E. Park 1848 to 1850. (removed to Franklin ;) Dizo'a Al BENSON. 415 exahder, (Wesl. Univ, ) 1849 to 1853, (removed to Poultney, and subsequently to Fayette, Iowa ;) Henry R. Jones, from 1853 to the present time ; Lucretius D. Eoss (Midd. Coll., 1852,) 1865 to 1869, and Henry Burton from 1869 to the present time. Seth Sheldon Ransom and Erasmus Darwin Ean som, (Middlebury College, 1836,) sons of Dr. Seth Eansom, were each for a few years in practice as physicians in Benson ; but the former removed to Burlington, Iowa, m 1837, and the latter removed to the same place in 1846. Doctor Ross was Assia't Surg, of the 14th Eeg. Vt. Vols, during its service of nine months, in the recent war of the rebellion. In 1869 he removed from Benson to Poultney his native town. Doctors Jones and Burton are now the only practicing physicians resid ing in the town. EPIDEMICS. The town has rarely been visited by epi demic diseases. In the winter of 1795-C. the canker rash, or ulcerous sore throat, some times called scarlet fever, was very prevalent and malignant in this town and vicinity, and generally throughout the State. During the winter of 1812-13, there were cases of the spotted fever iu this vicinity ; and, in the latter part of February, 1813, these were fol lowed by the typhoid pneumonia, or lung fe ver, which became a prevailing and J'rightful epidemic. Its principal ravages were in the months of March and April, and there were no new cases after the middle of May follow ing. Theie were about 60 deaths from thia disease in less than 3 months, of whom the larger part were adults. The Rutland Herald (weekly) for May 12, 1813, contains notices of fifteen of these deaths. The same disease pevailed as an epidemic, at the same time, generally throughout the State. (See Thomp son's Vermont, Civil Hist. Part II, p. 220, ei seq.) LAWYERS. The first lawyer who settled in the town was Albert Stevens, who remained here about 2 years — (1800 to '02.) He was admitted as an attorney in Chittenden county in Septem ber, 1799. Samuel Jackson came here about 1807 ; but after a few months, went elsewhere, or ab sconded. Each was held in very poor repute when he left the town, though Stevens had a good education and respectable ability. Ira Harmon settled in Benson ia March, 1810, and remained in practice about 20 years. John Kellogg settled in Benson in May, 1810, and remained in practice until 1840. Marshall R. Meacham commenced practice m 1825, and continued in business until hia death, Aug. 24, 1833, aged 34 years . David L. Farnham (Midd. Coll., 1823) wxs in practice here from 1826 to 1828, and t'aaa removed to Enosburgh, and subsequently to Manhus, N. Y., where he died a hw years since. Eiohard W. Smith (Univ. of Vt., 1820) was in practice here about one year, (1830 '31) and subsequently was in practice in Warda- borough. Milo W. Smith (son of Chauneey) was in practice from 1831 to 1852, when he removed to Plymouth, Ind., and is now deceased. Loyal C. Kellogg (Amh. Coll., 1836,) was in practice here from 1839 to '59, when he was elected one of the judges of the Supreme Court of this State ; and, in 1860 removed to Eutland, — Messrs. Meacham, Farnham, M. W. Smith and L. C. Kellogg were natives of the town. lEA HABMON was a native of Pawlet, and a son of Dea. Ezekiel Harmon, one of the early settlers of that town, who was originally from Suffield, Ct He studied law in the ofiioe of his broth er, Nathaniel Harmon of Pawlet, and remov ed to Benson in Maroh, 1810, and was engag ed in the practice of his profession about 20 years. He waa long a sufferer from chronic hypochondria, and died July 17, 1837, aged 56 years. He married Miss Eudocia S. Kent a daughter of Eev. Dan Kent, who is still (1870) living. JOHN KELLOGGI, the oldest son of John and Eoxa.na (Mattoon) Kellogg of Amherst, Mass., was a descend ant, in the fifth generation, from Joseph Kel logg, one of the first settlers of the ancient town of Hadley, (1659) of which the town of Amherst originally formed a part He was born at 'Amherst, May 31, 1786. In April, 1805, ho came to Vermont, and on tha suggestion and advice of Capt. Silas Wright of Weybridge, (the father of the late eminent senator and governor of the State of New York of the same name, who had been an old friend aud neighbor of his father at Am herst,) he determined to study law ; and ac cordingly, on the 23d of April, 1805, com- 416 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. menced study in the ofiice, and under the in struction of Loyal Case, Esq,, who was then a leading and distinguished lawyer in Mid dlebury. After the death of that gentleman in October, 1808, he continued and completed the usual course of preparatory legal studies in the office of the Hon Horatio Seymour, in the same town, aud v/as adinitted to practice aa an attorney at the February term ol the Addison county court, in 1810 During Ihe entire course of his professional studies he supported himself wlioUy by his own exer tions About the middle of April, ISIO, he first visited Benson, anil while on this visit he de termined to establish himself in business in this town, and made a contract lor the build ing of an ofiice. On the 24th ol May follow ing he removed to Benson, and immediately thereafter commenced the practice of his chosen profession, which he pursued for 30 years with diligence and success; and he soon acquired and long retained a large and valuable professional business, lie became the owner of a farm in 1S25; and, after re tiring from the practice of his profession in 1840. he spent the remainder of his life in agricultural pursuits. He died Dec. 22. 1S.J2, aged 65 years' At the time of his decease, he had been a resident of Benson lor more than 42 years; and, during the entire peri od, he w.as one of its most prominent and honored citizens. He waa for 9 years (1S13 to '22,) postmas ter ; and for 12 years (1822 to 1833, and '37 -8,) town clerk : and he was the delegate from the town to the State Constitutional Convention in 1822, and the representative of the town in the General Assembly in 1S22, '21, '25, 27, '28, '29, '30 and 31. During the last week of tlie session of the General Assembly in 1830, he was speaker j>ro tempore of the house of representatives. From ];'25 to 1831, ho waa brigadier general in the State militia ; in 1S3S a candidate of the Democratic party for United States senator, nnd one of the di: legates from thu Statu at large to tho National convention of the same party, for the nomination of President and Vice Presi dent of the United .States, hold at Balti more, Md., in l.slO and '14. Hia professional life was marked by great energy and industry, methodical habits of business, and clear and sound judgment; and, endowed by nature with remarkable firmness and decision of character, he brought to tha discharge of public and private duties great sincerity, uncompromising principles and in flexible integrity. He had great respect for the institutions of religion, and earnestly trusted in the consolations and hopes of tha Christian faith He was three times married, viz: (1) 02 the 27th Sept , 1812, to Harriot, daughter of Reuben and Abigail (Woodward) Nash of Benson, who was born Nov. 19, 1794, and died .Marth 25, 1S25; (2; on Slst May, 1826. to Julia Ann, daughter of Samuel and Jennette Howard, ol Benson, who was born June 16, 1804. and died Dec 13,1845; and (3) on 6th .M.ay, 1817, to Arnie Stoughton daughter of John and Lydia (Eastman) Dick inson. and widow ol Jonathan Dickinson, of Amherst. Mass., who was born April 16i 1796, and died at Holyoke, Mass., Aug. 11 1S60 . and he had children by his first, and also by his second marriage. GBADCATES OF COLLEGES. The following graduates ot Colleges were residents of this town while pursuing college studies, and at the time of their graduation, VIZ. 0/ Middlebury College : class of ISOS, Perez Chapin; 1S17. Ethan Allen and Pranklin Gdlett Smith; 1S23, David Latham Farn ham: 1S21, Mervin Allen and Cephas Hen ry Kent; 1S27 Jedediah Clark Parmalee ; 1S2S, Nathaniel Catlin Clark and John Good rich ; 1S29, Pascal Carter; 1S31, Edwin Munson Barber and Daniel Howard; 1836, William Dickinson Griswold, Josiah Whee lock Peet and Erasmus Darwin Ransom ; 183S, Frankhn White tllmsted ; 1S52, George Cushing Knapp, ISoS, Daniel Meeker How ard ; 1S60, John Quincj' Dickinson. 0/ Amherst College, class of l:^36, Loyal Case Kellogg. Oj Union CoUege, class of 1S37, Henry H. Bales. Ofthe Cniversity of Verrnont, class of 1S45 Beckwith Wilcox ; 1846, Eoyal Dan iel King, Of the above Messrs. Chapin, Kent, Parm- Clark, Peet, Olmsted, AVilcox andKnapp became Trinitarian Congregational clergy men ; and Mr. Knapp also became a mission ary of the American Board of Commission- era for Foreign Missions, and is now station ed at Bitlis, in Turkey. Messrs. Ethan Al leu, (now D. D., and residing in Baltimore Md.) Smith, Mervin, Allen and Bates became Phi ale BENSON. 417 clergymen of tha Protestant Episcopal Church ; and Messrs. Farnham, Goodrich, Griswold and Kellogg became lawyers. Mr. Griswold resides at Terre Haute, Ind., and is now the president and general superintend ent of the Ohio and Mississippi Rail-road Company. RcFus W. Gkiswold, D, D., who attained distinction as an editor, and as a careful com piler and critic of tne standard literature of Ihis country, w.as a native of Benson. He was Dorn Feb. 15, 1815, and was a son ol Kulus Griswold, who was a resident of Ben son from 1812 to '22, and afterwards of the adjoining town of Hubbardton. He v/as for a brief period a preacher of the Baptist de nomination ; but he occupied the pulpit only occasionally, or at intervals comparatively rare; and his active life was mainly devoted to literary pursuits. An appreciative sketch of him from the pen of Mr. Edwin P. Whip ple, one of the most accomplished of all American critics, is published in Graham's Magazine for June, 1845; and another and more extended sketch is given in the volume of " Literary Criticisms," by the late Horace Binney Wallace, of Philadelphia, pp. 227-43. — (See, also, the notice of him in Appleton's New American CyclopoBdia.) His " Poets and Poetry of America," first published in 1842, is a work of great merit, and 17 editions of it were published within 15 years after its first appearance. He died in the city of New York Aug. 27, 1857, aged 42 years. KEVOLnTIOUAEV PESSIOSEM. A large number of the early settlers of the town served as soldiers in the war of the Rev olution ; but no pensions for this service were granted until after the passage of the pension act of 1818. The following is a list of the Revolutionary pensioners who resided in the town, so far as is now remembered, viz. Abel Bacon, Christopher Bates, Bristor Bennett, (colored,) John Carter, Jonah Car ter, Solomon Chittenden, Walter Durfee, John Dunning, Solomon Gibbs, Allen Goodrich, Simeon Goodrich, Thomaa Goodrich, William Jones, Major Ozias Johnson, (b, April 21, 1758, d. Feb. 27, 1841, aged nearly 83 yeara ;) Bev. Dan Kent, Allen Leet, William Man ning, (d. Jan. 8, 1847, aged 88 years ;) Lieut. Solomon Martin, James Noble, (called Junior in the early records — son of Capt. James No- ble,_(b. at Westfield, Mass., Jan. 24, 1761, d. ftt Benson June 30, 1843, aged 82 years,) Timothy Prince, (colored, died Aug. 10, 1830, aged 78 years ;) John Stearns, Asahel Stiles, (b. in Pittsfield, Mass., Nov. 29, 1759, d. in Benson, April 13, 1854, aged 94 years ;) Ja cob T.homas and Reuben Wilkinson. _ LONGEVITY. Residents of the town who died at an un usually advanced age, with date of decease, viz ; Abraham Adams, March 26, 1865, 97 years ; Benjamin Hickok. May 5, 1862. 96; Asahel Stiles, April 13, 1554, 94 ; Solomon Martin, July 10, 1345, S3 ; Sarah, wife of P^liai Smith, March 23, 1862, 93 ; Anna, widow ot Arnold Briggs, Aug. 17, 1869, 93 ; Simeon Goodrich, Feb. 7, 1852, 92 ; Rebecca, widow of Robert Barber, March 18, 1856, 92; Ehal Smith, May 10, 1867, S2; Othniel Goodrich, Aug. 12, 1853, 91 ; Fear, widow of Capt. Stephen Olmsted, Jan, 7, 1S25, 90 ; William Jcnss, March 23, 1852, 89 ; Timothy Wan.son, Aug. 6. 1852,89; Mary, wife of Robert Parkhill, Oct. 26, 1800, 89; Stephen Sherwood, Jan, 11, 1S32, 89; WilUam .Manning, Jan. 8, 1847, 88 ; Susanna, widow of Rutus Walker, July 20, 1S63, 88. BIOGRAPHICAL. AsAHEL S.MITH, Esq. was a native cf Suf field, Ct,, and removed from that town to Benson in 1785. He was a son ot Ichabcd and Elizabeth (Stedman) Smith, and was born Nov. 26, 1739 — a descendant in the 4th generation, trom the Rev. Henry Smith, the first settled minister of Weathersfield, Ct., (1636 to '48) according to the family genealo gy in Goodrich's Genealogical Notes, p. 194 — and was also a first cousin of Dr. Simeon Smith of Westhaven, well known in this vi cinity for his bequest to that town for the sup port of a grammar-school. He was a farmer, and had probably been a representative in the legislature of Connecticut, and also a magistrate, before his removal to Vermont. He was the moderator of the town meeting at which the town of Benson was organized in March, 1786, and the first of the board of selectmen elected at that meeting, and the first representative of the town elected to the General Assembly, 1788, and re-elected each succeeding year to the time of his death. He was also the delegate from the town to the State constitutional conventions held at Ma»- chester in June, 1786, and at Windsor in Ju ly, 1793, and also the delegate from the town 418 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. appointed a justice of the peace in 1794, and in each successive year from that time to 1830 inclusive — with the exception of the years- 1811 and '14— making 35 years in all. In 1814 he waa appointed one of the as sistant judges of the county court for tha County of Eutland, but held this office for only one year. He waa for many yeara an inn-keeper in Benson, and always, when in active hfe, a leading and influential citizen. He removed from Benson to Granville, N. Y. in 1833, and from thence, in the spring of 1836, to Leroy, N. Y., the residence of bis eldest son. Dr. Chauneey P. Smith, where he died about Dec. 1, 1836, aged about 70. BEDBEN SASH, ESQ., was one of the original grantees or proprie tors named in the charter of the town. He was bom at Norwalk, Ct. March 12, 1768, and was the son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Ab bott) Nash. His father commanded the com pany of militia from Lanesborough, Mass., in the battle of Bennington, and was there mor tally wounded, and died in the night follow ing the battle, in a barn near the battle-field. His mother subsequently married Col. Timo thy Brownson of Sunderland. He was bnt 12 years old when .his name was inserted in the charter of Benson, and he removed to the town in 1787, and was an inn-keeper, merchant and farmer. He married (1) Abi gail, daughter of Deacon Jonathan and De sire (Williams) Woodward, who died Aug. 16, 1796, in the Slst year of her age: and (2) February, 179S, Lois, (Moore) the widow of -iaron Rising of Dorset. In 1S13 he remov ed to Columbia, Bradford county. Pa., where hia eldest son, Reuben, settled ; but returned again to Benson, atter an absence of one year. He was the representative of the town in the General Assembly, in 1800, '03, '07 '20 and '21, and justice of the peace from 1803 to '13— '16 to '19, and from 1S20 to '22. In the summer of 1S36 he removed to Silver Creek N- Y., and died there July 14, 1S46, aged 78' years. DEACON JONATHAN WOODWARD removed to Benson from Williamstown Mass but was originally from Plainfield Ct Ha waa a deacon in the church in Williamstown He died May 9, 1802, in his 76th year. Ha came to Benson iu 1785. to the State convention held at Bennington in January, 1791, which, on the part of Ver mont, adopted the Constitution of the United States, lie was also the first justice of the peace in the town, (1788) and re-appointed in each snclecdingycar to the time of his death ; and during that time the only person resid ing in tho town who was appointed to that oflice, excejit one year (1790) in which two justices were appointed in tho town. He died at Benson, June 20, 17!ll, in his 55th year. His widow, Agnes (Gillett) was married Sept. 18, 1,S03, to Capt. James Noble, one of the first settlers of Benson, who removed to Orwell about 1790, and resided there at the time ot his second marriage. She died Aug. 21. 1810, aged 70 years. CAPT. WILLIAM BAEBEB was from Pittsfield, Mass , where he had been one of ita most prominent and patriotic citi- izens. He had been one of the town com mittee of correspondence, and a selectman in Pittsfield in the time of the Eevolutionary war ; and, as lieutenant, he was in command of a company from Pittsfield, in Col. Simonds' regiment, in the battle of White Plains, Oct. 28, 1776, He removed to Benson in 1784, and settled on the farm now occupied by his grandson, Wilham C, Barber, and died Aug, 11, 1789, aged 46 yeara. ASA FARNAM, ESQ.,* waa originally from Litchfield, Ct., and re moved from Fairhaven to Benson in I7S4. He was a surveyor, merchant and farmer the representative of the town in the General Assembly in 1795, and appointed a justice of the peace in 1795, and from 1797 to 1802 in clusive. He died at Benson June 13, ISll in hia 48th year. OHAUNOEY SMITH was a son of Asahel Smith, Esq., and remov ed to Benson with, his father. He studied medicine, and became a physician, and con tinued in active practice from about 1786 to 1815. In 1791, after thB,dQcea.so of his fath er, he was elected the representative of the town in tlio General Assembly, and received l.j annual elections to the same office, exclu sive of one (in 1812) which was successfully contested- his last election being in 1819. lie waa also the delegate from the town to the State constitutional convention of 1828 ¦ * This name waa afterwards written li|i. his children Farnham. BENfeON. 410 BEACON JOSEPH CLARK came to Benson in 1788 from' Pittsfield, Mass., where he had been a deacon in the Eev Mr. Allen's church. He died April 28, 1813, aged about 70 yeara. Deaoona Clark and Wood ward were choaen aa the deacons of the Con gregational church in Benson, on its organiz ation in 1790. DEACON STEPHEN CKOFOOT removed to Benson in 1786 from Pittsfield, Mass., where he had been a deacon in the Eev. Mr. Allen's church in that place, and he died at Benson March 17, 1812, in hia 85th year. REUBEN PARSONS, ESQ., who came to Benson in 1788, was town clerk from 1794 to '99, and from 1803 till his death in '13. He was also a justice of the peace from 1808 to '12. He died March 22, 1813, a victim of the then prevailing epidemic of typhoid pneumonia, aged 47 years. CALVIN MANLEY was the second and last clerk of the proprie tors of the town, and was also town clerk from 1799 to 1803. He waa a surveyor and farmer, and died Aug. 25, 1831, aged 71 years. LIF.UT. SOLOMON MARTIN, who came to Benson in 1784, waa from Pitts field, Mass. In April, 1775, he marched to Cambridge on the Lexington alarm, with Capt. David Noble's company of " minute-men" from Pittsfield, and was 2d corporal in that company ; and, under the same captain, he served 8 months, or the remainder of that year in Col. Patterson's regiment at Cam bridge. During the entire year of 1776 he was a lieutenant under the same captain, and served in New York and Canada. After the passage of the pension-law of 1818, he receiv ed a lieutenant's pension for his services in the Eevolutionary war, which continued for the remainder of his life. He died at Ben son July 10, 1845, aged 93 yeara, 7 days. DE. PEREZ CHAPIN, who was originally from Granby, Maas., re moved to Benson in 1797, aa ia believed, from Whately, Maas. He was a physician, and continued in active practice for about 10 years after his removal to Benaon. His brother Sylvanua was the first settled minis ter in Orwell (1791 to 1801) and was after wards for many years a minister in Addison. Dr. Chapin was a man of blameless life and religious character. He died at Benson April 26, 1839, aged 83 years. Two of his sons be- cattle Trinitarian Congregational clergymen, viz : Perez, (Midd. Coll., 1808) who waa set tled in Pownal, Me., and Horace B., who waa settled in South Amherst, and subsequently in West Hampton, Mass., and Lewiston Falls, Me ; and Eoxana, his eldest daughter, was the wife of the Eev. Caleb Burge, (Midd. Col., 1806) who was the first settled minister in Guildhall. Essex county .^(See ante vol. I, p. 1012.) Alpheus, another of his sons, a por trait painter, (who died in Boston, Mass., March 4, 1870, aged 83 years) was the father of the Eev. Edwin Hubbell Chapin, D. D., (born in Hebron, N. Y.) who is well known as the pastor of the Universalist " Church of the Divine Paternity," corner of 5th Avenue and 45th St , New York city, and as one of the most eloquent pulpit orators in America. COL. OLIVER ROOT from Pittsfield, Mass., was the son of Col. Ol iver Eoot 6f that town. He removed to Ben son in 1791 — was justice of the peace from 1803 to '07 to '18, '19-and'22 to '26; was town clerk from 1813 to'15. In the spring of 1837 he removed to Castleton, where he died April 5, 1847, aged 80 yeara. CAPT. JOEL DICKINSON, who removed from Westhaven to Benson in 1809, waa originally from Pittsfield, Maas., where he had been au active and prominent citizen. As a private he marched with the Pittsfield company of minute-men to Cam bridge, on the Lexington alarm in April, 1775, and waa aubsequently a lieutenant and captain in the war which followed, and iu almost constant service from the beginning of the war until after the defeat of Burgoyne in October, 1777. He was present at the as sault on Quebec, in December, 1775, in which Gen. Montgomery fell ; and alao in the sec ond battle of Bemus' Heights, Saratoga, Oct. 7, 1777. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1812, and died at Benson, Jan. 18, 1813, aged 63 years.SAMUEL HOWARD came to Benson from Hartford, Ct., in 1785. He waa choaen one of the selectmen from 1791 to '95, incluaive,— in 1800— and from 1806 to '16, inclusive, and was the represent ative of the town in the General Assembly -in 1815 and '23. He died April 18, 1831, aged 70 years. 120 His brother, Jamea Howard, who came to Benson in 1784, was a deacon in the Congre gational church, from March, 1797, until his death, July 15, 1831, aged 68 years.— Another brother, Daniel, who probably came to Ben son in 1785, or soon afterwards, died Nov. 16, is IS, aged 78 years. These three brothers were settled on ad joining farms, on the " Howard Hill." Ma jor Edward S. Howard, son of Samuel, (b. Juno 10, 1791,) was ono ot the most active and Eucccssful business men of the town, and the representative of the town in the General Assembly in 1842. He died June 7, 1863, aged nearly 72 years. LEMUEL STANDISH came to Benson from Williamstown, Mass., in 1786 He waa elected constable of the town in each year from 1798 to 1815, inolu- five, excepting 1799, and one of the select men from 1809 to 1815, inclusive, and waa a justice of the peace from 1814 lo '21, inclu sive — and also in '23 and '26, In 1838 he lemoved to tbe residence of his son-in-law, Samuel Goodrich, in Du Page county. 111. ALLEN GOODRICH, of Wethersfield and Glastenbury, Ct., came to Benson in 1784. On the organization of the town in March, 1786, he was elected town clerk, and re-elected each year to 1793. He was also one of the selectmen in 1791, and constable in 1793, '94. From 1804 to '14, inclusive, he was annually elected the first selectman — making eleven successive annual elections to that office. He waa also a justice of the peace from 1813, '17—19 to '21 and '22 to '27. He was the representative of the town in the General Assembly of 1814. He was one of the 13 persons who formed the Con gregational church, on its organization in 17'JO. He died March 15, 1812, aged 81 years. SIMEON GOODRICH was from Wethersfield, Ct., (1785) and one of the board of selectmen elected on the organ ization of tho town in i\larch, 1786, and was also tho roiiroaentative of the town in tho General Assembly in 179S and '99. He w.as born Sept. 11, 17r.9, and died Feb. 7, 1852, aged 92 years. lie was the last survivor of the 13 original members of the Congregational church, and a deacon in that church from September, 1806, until his death. In the spring of 1776 he enliated in Col. Baldwin's regiment of artificers, in the Massachusetts -ERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. line, to serve during the war-^and served in that regiment till January, 1781 ; when, be ing severely wounded in his left knee by a blow from a broad-axe, while at work in building a block -house, he became disabled from further service, and left the army. He was then a sergeant in the company of arti ficers, to which he waa attached. For aeveral yeara previoua to his death ha received a penaion on account of hia military service in the war of the Revolution. JOSEPH BASCOM, originally from Newport, N. H., came to Ben aon in 1815. Hia second wife waa Lucretia, (Griawold) the seQond wife and widow of Aaa Farnam, Eaq. He was a deacon in the Con gregational church, and the repreaentative of the town in 1832 and '33. He died Feb. 12, 1S52, aged 84 years. DR. SETH EANSOM came to Benson in 1S17, and waa a practicing physician in the town for over 30 yeara. He died July 8, 1857, aged 77 years. DR. ROWLAND P. COOLET, ' a native of Granville, Mass., (b. July 5, 17S4) removed to Benson in March, 1810, and was a practicing physician in the town for more than 40 yeara. He was the representative in the General Assembly in 1834 and '35, and the delegate from the town to the State con stitutional convention in 1836. In 1860 he removed from Benson to Saratoga Springs, N. Y., and died there April 2, 1S65, aged nearly 81 years. PERE O. LADD was born in Coventry, Ct., January 1, 1774, and came to Benson from Pittsford, in this State, in 179S. He was a blacksmith, and followed the business of that trade for 12 years after his removal to Benson, and then abandoned it to engage in agricultural pur suits. He was a man of little education, but was remarkable for the native energy and force of his character, and for his sound com mon sense and good judgment. He waa very auccesaful in busineas, both as u, blacksmith and as a farmer ; and, at the time of his death, he had larger wealth than any other person residing in town. He was a major- general in the State militia from 1818 to '24. He died without issue, March 23, 1838, aged 64 yeara. Hia widow, Mrs. Dolly (Whitney) Ladd, a native of Warwick, Mass., died April 2, 1850, aged 77 years. BENSON. 421 ISAAC GRISWOLD was a native of Norwich, Ct., horn Sept. 26, 1779, and was the only son of Isaac and Ab igail (Latham) Griswold of that town. He came to Benson about 1797, and became one of the most enterprising and prominent farm- era of the town, and a leading citizen. He received the appointment of justice of the peace in each year from 1826 to the time of his death, excepting in 1834 and '35. He died July 14, 1844, at Vermoutville, Mich., where he was taken sick while visiting a son residing at that place ; and he was buried at Benson. JESSE PARKHILL, son of James, an original proprietor named in the charter, removed from Williamstown, Mass., to Benson, with the family of his father, in 1786. He was constable from 1817 to '27, inclusive, and was for 25 years a jus tice of the peace in the town — his first ap pointment to that office being in 1811, and his last iu 1845. He died Aug. 22, 1847, aged 69 years. ISAAC NORTON was born at Berlin, Ct., Feb. 9, 1790, and re moved to Castleton, Vt. with his parenta. — He studied medicine, and was a practicing physician for a brief period, at Lisbon, N.Y. ; but, abandoning that profession, removed to Benson in the latter part of 1815, and enter ed into business as a merchant, in which he continued for about 20 years. He was the town representative in the General Assembly in 1826 and '39, and one of the county sen ators in 1840 and '41 During the entire pe riod of his residence in town, he was one of its most prominent business men. He died June 30, 1852, aged 62 years. PHILO WILCOX (son of Elijah) was born at Goshen, Ct., Jan. 22, 1783, and came to Benaon with hia par enta in 1788. He became a successful and wealthy|farmer, and was a useful and respect ed citizen. He frequently held reaponaible town officea, and waa the delegate of the town to the State constitutional convention in 1843, and its repreaentative to the General Assembly in 1845 and '46. He died Aug. 26, 1865, aged 82 years. SIMEON AIKEN (son of John,) was born May 1, 1808, and died March 6, 1865, aged nearly 57 years. For the greater part of his life he labored under the infirmity of deafness ; hut was an intel ligent, respected and moat useful citizen, and no man was ever more universally esteemed by hia townsmen. He was the first select man from 1860 to '64 ; and, at the annual town-meeting in March, 1865, resolutions were adopted expressive of a grateful appre ciation of his services to the town, and of a sincere respect for his character and memory. The annals of an agricultural town are largely formed of " the unhistorio deeds of common life." Our honorable past, inits so cial, educational and religious character, was made by earnest and self-denying men and women — the fathers and mothers who here planted in hope, and bore faithfully the struggles aud trials of life, and now " rest from their labors." To their industry, ener gy and enterprise — to their lives of toil, and sacrifice, and self-denial, how much are we indebted for the advanced culture and privi leges of our times, and the multiplied com forts of our homes ! In reviewing our more than four-score years of history, it is uo less onr privilege than our duty to hold iu honor able remembrance their virtues, worth and example. JOHN QUINCY DICKINSON, ' son of Isaac and Cornelia (Coleman), Dick inson, was born at Benson Nov. 19, 1837, and was a paternal grandson of Capt. Joel Dickinson. Having pursued the usual pre paratory studies in the academies at Poult ney and Castleton, he entered the College at Middlebury, and was there graduated in the class of 1860. After his graduation, he was reporter and correspondent, at Montpelier, for the Eutland Herald during the seasiona of the State Legislature in 1860 and ' 61 ; and in the winter of 1861-2 he was active in enlist ing the company known as the Middlebury company for the 7th Eeglment of Vermont Volunteers, and was appointed 2nd Lieuten ant of that company, which waa called Com pany C, in that regiment. This regiment left the State on March 10th. 1862, having been in camp at Eutland for about 6 weeks pre vious to that time, and it was sent to the department of the Gulf and the vicinity of New Orleans. He waa present at the bom bardment of Forta Jackson and St. Philip, below New Orleans, by the jombined fleet 422 under Farragut and Porter in April lSi;2. and, in a letter published in the Rutland Herald, shortly afterwards ,he gave an in teresting and graphic account of that fierce and protracted combat. He served in that regiment during the remainder of the war of the Eebellion, — being appointed 1st Lieut. of hia company on 9th Oct, 1862 ; Quarter master of the regiment on 13th Sept. 1804, and Captain of Company F, in the same reg iment on 22nd Aug., 1SG5. The two last offices he resigned on 10th Oct. 1865 The regiment to which he belonged participated in the expedition np the river above New Or leans in the direction of Vicksborgh, and also in the battle of Baton Eouge, in the summer of 1862, but was afterwards stationed at Pensacola, and in that vicinity, during the larger part of the time until the spring of 1865, though its re-enlisted men received the usual furlough as veterans during August and September ISCl. The regiment was en gaged with the troops sent on the expedition against Mobile in March 1S65, and shortly afterwards was sent to Clarksville, Texas, and subsequently to Brownsville in the same State, where it was stationed when he re signed his commission in the army. At the time of his resignation, the war had for six mcntni, been tubitantially closed. He re lumed to Vermcnt during his furlough in August and September ISbl, and again in the summer and autumn of lSo6 and, at the time of his death, was expecting to make an other visit to his native State in the course of the then approaching summer. Immediately after leaving the army he en gaged in the lumber trade in the vicinity of Pensacola, in connection with Col. Feck of his regiment and another partner, but this enterprise was not successful, and was aban doned after it had been carriud on for two or three years. When the State government of Florid.i be came newly orgi>nized under a reconstructed constitution, after the overthrow of the Rebel lion, he waa appointed Assistant Secretary of the Senate of that State, and ha afterwards removed to Marianna, the shire-town of Jackson Co. and was appointed the County Clerk of that County, and he also became a colonel in the State militia. Having pur sued legal studies, he was admitted to the bar aa an attorney at law ; and he was rec ognized as one of the most prominent, active, VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ' and trusted of the leaders of the Republican party of Florida. His future seemed full of hope and promise. As he was returning, at a late hour in the evening of Monday 3d April 1871, from his office to his house in the village of Marianna he was assassinated in a most cowardly man ner, being shot down in the street when very near hia house, — hia left breast and side be ing pierced by thirteen buckshot and also by a ball, and his death being apparently the instantaneous result. The circumstances at tending the transaction tend, with a force which seems irresistible, to the conclusion that the motive for his assassination waa ex clusively political, and that the deed was prompted by an implacable and fiendish spirit of revenge for his fidelity to his convictions of dnty and to the principles which had been implanted in him by his New England nur ture and education. He died unmarried. Hia assassins remain as yet nnknown, and the guilt of blood unavenged rests upon the community in which he dwelt and died. He was bnrie 1 at Marianna on the day succeeding his death, but his hody was two days afterwards disin terred, and, nnder the escort of General John Varnum, the Adjutant General of Florida, w.as removed to Benson, and interred here, in the burial place of his kindred, on Wednesday 19th April 1S71, in tha presence of the Larg est funeral procession ever gathered in tha town, — the attendance from the other towns in the County and vicinity being very large, and including the Govern-T of the Srate, the Eev. Mr Si;;art of Al't'any, N. Y., and n.azy who had been fellow soldiers with him in tha service. A funeral discourse was delivered on the occasion by the Eev. Mr. Holmes, from Ps. xxxvii., 12-15, followed by an address by the Eev. Mr. Siiiart. Though the hopes of friends have been so sadly taken away, yet to them remains tha pleasant memory of his manly nature and character, and the consolation that the rulm"' principles of his conduct were noble and up right, and that, in the stern trials to which his duty called him, he was always sincere, faithful, and true. The development of a completed and finished manhood rests not ou length of days. " Honourable age is not that which standelK in length of time nor that is measured by number of years. Put wisdom is the gray hair unto men, andan unspotted life it old age." (Wisdom of Solomon, iv., 8, 9.) BENSON. 4£3 HON. LOYAL 0. KELLOGG. Br HENaT CLARC. With deep sorrow the decease of the hon ored man whose name stands at the head of this article is announced. He died at the old homestead of the family, at Benson, on Sabbath morning. Nov. 2G, 1S72, after aa illness of two weeka, in the 56th year of his age. No citizen of our county could have passed away at his period of life, in the ripeness of his powers, enjoying the high regard of all classes of his fellow citizens, as does Judge Kellogg. He was esteemed as an individual of pure life, a friend considerate and faithful, a lawyer able and a judge commanding the confidence of all just men, as possessing an incorruptible honesty of purpose, which sought to declare correctly the law, and ad minister justice in accordance with its en lightened precepts. With such a pronuncia tion of his virtues and estimate of his charac ter one might atop, for it expresses the eulogy of the man ; but hia public services and ex ample demand a larger review of his publio, judicial, and private life. Loyal Case Kellogg, son of Hon. John and Harriot (Nash) Kellogg, was born in Ben son, Feb. 13, 1816. His father waa long a prominent citizen and able lawyer, in prac tice at the Eutland County bar, the associate of Eodney C. Eoyce, Charles K. Williams, Eobert Temple, Chauncy Langdon, Jonas Clark, Gordon Newell, Eobert Pierpoint, Rol lin C. Mallory, Phineas Smith and others who made the Rutland County bar, in former years, among the foremost of the State. The son inherited the strong judicial mind and high qualities of character that distinguished his father, and in personnel strongly resem bled him. Loyal received the education of the schools of his native town, and fitted for college, at Castleton and West Eutland. He entered Amherst college in 1832, graduating with honor in 1336. Among hia classmates were Hon. Alexander H Bullock, ex-Govern or of Massachusetts, Hon. Ensign H. Kel logg of Pittsfield, Mass., Eev. "Eoswell D. Hitchcock, D. D., of New York, and Eev. Stewart Eobinson, D. D,, of Baltimore. Soon after his graduation he entered upon the study of law at Rutland, in the office of Phineas Smith, completing his studies witn his father at Benson. He was admitted to the bar at the September term of the Rutland county court in 1839, He commenced the practice of law at Benaon in 1839, and there continued until 1859, when he was elscted a Judge of the Supreme Court, and removed to Rutland in 1860, and returned to Benson in 1868. He represented Benson in the General As sembly in 1847, 50, 51, 59 and 71. In 1847 he was on the Committee on Banks, and in 1851 on the Committee on Banks and Eevis- ion. In 1859, he Was placed on the able committee of that year on the Judiciary, which was composed of William Hebard, Daniel Kellogg, Loyal C Kellogg, George W. Grandey and John A. Child, He was alao chairman of the Committee on Roads and of the special committee on the petition of Mat thew Halloran for the commutation of cha sentence for death to imprisonment for life. At the sessirm of 1371, Judge Kellogg made request of tha Speaker that he should not be placed on any ot the standing committees oi the House, as the condition of his health would not allow continuous or arduous li- bor, which accounted for his not being at the head of the Judiciary Committee, to which he would very properly have been assigned. He was, however, on the Joint Committe on the Library, chairman of the committee on the bill providing for a general railroad law, and also on the committee on the purchase of an historical painting for the State House. He waa delegate from Benson in the Con- atitutional Conventions of 1847 and 1870. He was also one of the eight delegates from Rutland County to the Constitutional Con vention of 1857, and was elected its Presi dent. He has been a director in the Bank of Rut land and in the National Ban'is: of Rutland for the past 10 yeara. While a resident of Rutland,'he was one of the vestrymen of Trinity (Episcopal) Church. His last official acts were performed as chairman of the com mittee to build the Rutland County Court House, in which he took a deep interest, and gave much time to the preparation of the plans. The degree of Doctor of Laws was con ferred on Judge Kellogg at Amherst in 1S69. He was elected Judge of the Supreme Court by the legislature of 1859 and annually re elected down to and including 1867, but de clined to accept the last election on account of hia health, in the following letter ad- dresaed to the Governor, and Hon. John Front, of Rutland, was elected to fill the vacancy, Rutland, November 4th, 1867. To His Excellency, John B. Page, Governor: SiB: — I hereby decline to accept the ofiice of assistant judge of the Supreme Court, for the official year, to which I have recently been elected by the General As.sembly. This act, which is rendered necessary by the condition of my health, will sever rela tions which have alwaj's been pleasant to me, and I desire to accompany it with the expression of my most grateful acknowledge ments for the honor conferred on me by nine successive electiona which I have received to thia office, and for the generous kindness by which I have been sustained in it. Very respectfully, sir, your servant, L. C. Kbllogo. Since hia retirement from the bench, he had interested himself in historical studies, and had written many valuable communications for the presa on subjects connected with local history of towns and the State. His laat published communication was in the Vermont Standard, proving from official records that 424 VER.MON'T HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. " Slavery had no legal existence in Vermont." He wrote a history of the town of Benson for Miss llemenway's Oaze.ilcer, probably one ot the most perfect town histories that has ever been written in Vermont. At the time of his death ho waa one of the Vice-Presi dents of the V^ermont Historical Society, and President of the Rutland County Historical Society. As a legislator. Judge Kellogg alwaya atood in the front r,ink. ilis extended experience in the General Asaernbly for several terms, hia practice at the bar and observation on the (lench, and knowledge of the wishea and needs ot the people, placed him in a poiition for presenting questions of importance and framing measures that were .idajited to the common weal, and he added hia earnest ad vocacy of every question to which his atten tion was directed, and generally with success His value as a legislator was more apparent at the session of 1871. Under the biennial system the laws were to be adjusted to the existing condition of affairs, and be gave his attention to all statutes that were necessary to be amended to make them harmonious, and all the acts for that purpose were drawn and presented by him, whicli waa a labor re quiring great accuracy, and waa a w'ork that few could have undertaken and accomplished without a aingle omission. He had from ob servation, both on the bench and among the people, become firmly convinced that the time had come when the interests of the peo ple demanded tho enactment of a general railroad law, and he determined to become the champion of such a measure, and accord ingly early in the session introduced a bill en titled "An act authorizing the formation of railroad corporations, and to regulate the same" which he deemed beat in order that the scheme might have a, fair and impartial hearing, untrammeled by any other railroad question, should be referred to a committee of seven memhera, and the speaker appointed the following committee; Messrs. Keliogy ol Benson, Stetson of Enosburg, Graves ol Sen- nin^ton, Holt of Berlin, Walworth of Wev- bridge and Crosby of Brattleboro. The bill, although in its main features similar to the law ot New York, met with the porsislent and strong opposition of existing railway cor porations, both within and without the State, who appeared in the hearing of the commit- tee by ti.eir attorneys, and olhcers, and finally Buccuedrd in intluencin.t; five of the committee to present a report (which had been prejiared by the railroad lawyers) a,'.;ainat the bill. Althoijgh Judge Kellogg did not present a minority n^port, yet he made a powerful ar gument biifure tlui house, reviewing the pnsi tions taken in the majority report, — which waa perhaps the greatest speech of hia life. Pie had to succumb before the powerful rail road influence of the State, and his favorite measure waa lost. Had he lived, it would have been presented with mora force at a fu ture sesaion, and become a law, for it waa in olies. It is to be hoped that some man will be found who will nave the same Roman courage he exhibited to take it up where ha left it, and press it to enactment against all the combinations that may be arrayed against It, for it is a measure requisite for tho welfare of the people. As a lawyer, Judge Kellogg ranked high. From the commencement of his career as a lawyer he was remarkable for hia studious md reflective habits. His mind waa bro.id in ita range, and very harmonious in its de velopment. He examined a case in its bear ings, with logical discrimination. He became a learned and sound lawyer. Hia argumenta, though perhaps not aa ready as some of his asjociates at the bar, were exhaustive, as well from his own deductions as from inves tigation of authorities. But the grandeur of hia poaition reated on the uprightness of his mind. As a member of the legal profession he deserved and acquired an enviable repu tation for ability, learning and unyielding integrity. When once he planted his foot on a principle or elaborated a doctrine, it was done with firmness and few could move him. His distinguishing characteristic was that he laboriously and laitlitully devoted himself to the discharge of his duty to his clients. He never trusted to any temporary inspiration. He was well grounded in legal principles and was familiar with the adjudications of the courts, and always prepared himseif for each trial and argument methodically and elabo rately. His addresses and arguments were clear, logical and forcible, but without orna mentation. They were the results of a close and careful examination of his cases. There was no parade or ostentation about him. The aimplicity of hia manner, his habitual candor and laborious research, commended him to the attentive consideration of tliose wdiom he addressed. His last appearance at the bar was at the September term of tbe Rutland County Court, where he made an able and elaborate argument in reference to the title of the county to the land upon which the old court house stood. His argument at tracted the close attention of the court and the bar, and was his last public effort. As a judge, he discharged his varied duties with console ii< 10 us fidelity. He examined all queations which came before the court with judicial learning, dispassionate fairness and impartiality whuh should ever characterize hi in who would worthily aid in the adniinia- tration of justice, and he has given on the heneh an illustration of the qualities which iiiako the upright judge, Ue was clear, calm, courteous and decided. All things were dona in order and deliberately. Pie will be re membered among those who have worn tha judicial ermine with honor. He waa mora widely known aa a judge than in any other pos-ition. His opinions were clear, compact and forcible. They gave evidence of exten sive attainments, great research and a clear perception of the principles involved, and are the interests of the people and against monop- characterized alike by deep thought and ^oZl BENSON. 425 practical judgment, and his fame will lest upon his judicial character. He was accustomed to read much outside Ol his profession. In the interests of profes sional labor he was a constant reader upon subjects that interested him. and of general literature. His general information outside of hia profession was extensive and varied In his conversation he was agreeable and interesting. In his relations to all classes oi the community, he was social, kind and con siderate. Although Judge Kellogg adorned various official positions, he never sought office. His fidelity, the simplicity ol hia man ners, and his integrity, as well as the clear ness and strength ot his intellect inspired confidence and recommended him to bis iel low citizens. They knew that whatever duty he accepted, would be discharged creditably His death was not unexpected. The sol emn warning he received to be ready five years ago indicated to him that hia earthly career was drawing to a close. Since that period his constitution steadily failed. When having passed an honorable life, in the midst of his yeara the summons came. In his last hours he enjoyed alt the comforts wealth could furnish, and tar beyond that, he was blessed with the tender and ever watchful care ot kind and tender friends, whose re gard for his comfort knew no bounds. He saw the day of his departure approach with out fear, but with a faith anchored in the promises of his God. He waa never married, but resided at the old homestead, in the family of his brother, L Howard Kellogg, Esq., who, together with two other brothers, Harlan P. Kellogg of Chicago, and Wilbur F. Kellogg and one sister. Joanna M. Kellogg, survive nim. Thus has passed from earth, one whose ser vices shall live after him, whose private life was above reproach. He has gone in the prime of his years, and his name and memory will be cherished in all communities. It is honorable and fitting that we should lay this wreath on his honored grave. Profession al fame is transient, judicial reputation ia limited. The warrior and statesman receive public honor, while the jurist and judge may be unknown. But the victories of peace are not less valuable than those of war. But he departs full of honors. He leaves a legacy ot a well spent life and an untarnished rep utation. His funeral services were aolemnized at the residence of his brother, L. Howard Kellogg, Esq., which had long been his home, and the home ot his father, the old homestead that he loved so well. The services were solemn, brief and appropriate. There was no attempt al ostentation or display, but everything was conducted with that aimplicity and serious ness which so became his character, and which would have been his desire if he could have expressed his wishes. We regret that so few were present from other parts of the county, to unite in the laat sad tribute of respect to one so widely known and so well beloved a« Loyal C. Ktllogg. But the extreme cold weather, the difficulty of access to Benson and the bad ronditicn of the roads undoubtedly prevented many Irom attending wao oicerwise would have been present. Among \v.e prominent gentle men IE attendance were Hon John Prout, Frederick Chafle, William Gilmore and John W Crampton, cl Rutland; Hon Rodney Ct. Ahell cl West Haven , Hen. Daniel Croloot and Hon, Martin 0 Ric= ol Benson. The relatives and irieads ol me deceased and gentlemen from abroad quietly assem bled at the house. In a iront rocm ol tne house amid Ins bcoke he so constantly and carefully studied, enclosed m aa eleaani buri al case was all that remained ol hiin so late ly instinct with llie and tnought. Helookei but little changed irom what he was when last we saw him— pernaps a little more sal low and somewhat ttiinner — but it was the same quiet, calm, dignified man, lying as if in sleep or repose. In looking at him it was difficult to realize it was for the last time. The coffin waa surmounted by a silver plate ou which was engraved the name, date of death and age of the deceased In each cor ner ofthe plate were beautifully cAasedcrosa- ea emblematical of his faith in the Saviour of the world. The funeral services at the house were, as we have said, brief and simple. Rev. Hen ry M. Holmes, pastor of the Congregation al church, made a few very brief and ap- propiate remarks, followed by a prayer by Rev. H. F. Austin,* pastor ot the Methodist church. A procession was then formed under the direction of Hon. Daniel Croloot, and the re mains carried to the village cemetery. Hon. John Prout and Frederick Chafle of Rutland, H, E. Jones, M, D., J. S. Griswold, Hon. Martin C. Rice and F. W. Walker of Benson, acting as pall bearers. At the cemetery the body was " committed to the ground — '¦ ear-th to earth" by the side of his mother and among his kindred, there to remain until the resurrection morn^the Rev. H. F. Austin repeating the beautiful ritual of the Episcopal and Methodist churches appro priate to that act. At the close of the services at the grave the family, relatives, friends and citizena of Benson assembled at the Congregational church to hold a public memorial aervice, the desk being occupied by Rev. Messrs. Au.stin and Holmes. The services were opened by the singing hy the choir, Montgomery's beautiful hymn. " Friend after friend departs; Who ha'8 not lost a friend ? There is no union here of hearts That finds not here an end." * Rev. Mr. Austin is known as the reviewer of Rev. Mr. Morris* " Science and the Bible ; or the Mosaic Creation and Modern Discoveries," Schaff 's " History of the Christian Church," and other works.— Ed. 426 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Rev. Henry M. Holmes read portions of the 19th chapter of Job and of the 15th chap ter of lat Corinthians. An impressive jirayer waa offered by Rev. Mr, llolnies, alter which, another Hymn was sung. Kiv, II. F. Austin then preached a dis course from Mil ah, VI. 8, "He hath showed thee, 0 man, what i.s good; aud what doth the Lord require of thri^ but to do justly, and lolove mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God " Th" ronlrxl, he said represent.^ a contro versy l.i-ivveen man and hn Maker, in which God accuses liiia ot in;^r,ititudu, which man admits mid looks tor the rneana ot reconcilia tion Toobtain this, (lod requires something of man that la n,jt beyond his comprehension, and which u for his best interest and that of sorirtty Theso three cardinal requirements embrace the whole duty ol man. 1. To do justly. This IS to give all their due. It is not con fined to mere human creeds — they may be too exacting or too contracting, may require too much or too little. To do justly requires compliance with tho higher law. There is a higher lav/, and when this conflicts with mere human law, the latter must yield. Human laws may be, and sometimes are unjust, and it would be wrong to submit to them ; then we must resist them. As examples of obey ing the law of God instead of man, he refered to Daniel and ilie Apostles. To do justly we must be just to ourselves. Most of us pro vide for ourselves, and procure clothes, food, gold, etc., but tins is not enough we must also provide for our souls, we must also deal justly with others. There are too many Cains, who ask. " Am I my brother's keep er ? " The golden rule covers the whole ground. We will do justly, it we obey the two great commandments, " Love God" and " Love thy nei;;libour as thyself." We must not only render unto Cfflsar, but unto God. It is nol' enough to abstain from crime and immorality, but the heart must be ri"ht must be ]iure. " Blessed are the puT'e in heart for they shall see God," 2. To love mercy Mercy is kind, loving. tender. Mercy is great when it tempera jus tice. Justice requires the punishment of' of fenders, while mercy would grant them .an unconditional pardon, if consistent with laws. The difference heiween justice and mercy waa explained at some length, A jud'-'e might he just and lake pleasure in sentencin" a cnmuial to the full extent of the law, wlule the iud;;e, who tempered justice with m^^rcy, wouhl |.ass the same sen'teiirn because com pelled to do so and would re^i-et it. 3. Walk humbly with thy God. To walk humnly with Hod is to, with meekness of heart, mii'lcsty of soul and with an humble and contrite spirit, seek a reconciliation with and become a friend of God, and to love Hun and cheerfully to obey him. These three, "to do justice, and to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God," is all that ia required of ua. To tear God and keep his commandments is the whole duty of man „ , ,-, . He concluded with a sketch of the lile and character ol Judge Kellogg, as illustrating the teachings of the text. Rev Henry M. Holmes followed in brief remarks eulogistic of the character of Judge Kellogg and of the high appreciation in which he waa held by the people ot Benson. and the great lo.sa they had sustained in his doath, not only by them but by the people of the county and State, After singing by the choir "Martc the perfect man." the audience vras dismissed with the benedic tion by Eev. Mr. Austin. EES0LUTI0S3 ON THE DEATH OF HON. LOVAL C KELLOGG. At a meeting of the citizens of Benson, the following resolutiorv- were adopted in respea tothe memory ol their honored fellow citizen, Hon. Loyal C Kellogg Wberea?, It lias pleased an All-wise Prov idence lo call, by death, from our midst, our revered and honored friend and townsman, Ju.l^e L.C. Kellogg. Resolved, That in his death the town has lost one of its firmest and most devoted friends; the State a distinguished and honor able son ; a wise and able legislator, and the Bar and Bench one of their brightest orna ments. Resolved. Thar we recognize in the life and character of Judj;? Kellogg, a true nobility. Firm and undaunted in the pursuit of justic? and right, no temptation could move him from the path of rectitude and honor. Resiiticil. That we will cherish his memory in fond and grateful remembrance, as one who has honored us in his example and tile, and ot whom it may be most truly said, "He lives long who lives well.'- Resolved, That we tender to tne deeply afflicted and sorrowing l.imily, our warmest sviiipathv. i.'i'.-r. /(¦--•(/, That a copy of these resolutions bo sent to the fainilv, and lo the Rutland Herald lor publication. IN MEMORUM LOT M. C EELLOOO. David E Nicholson, Irom the committee previously appointed for that purpose, pre sented the following report : To lhe bar meeting in presence of ihe Hon. Court now in session : Your committee lo whom was refered tha subject of the death of the late Loyal C. Kellogg, respectfully report, that having se riously considered the same, they recommend tbe following recital and testimonial : Whekeas, Our late professional brother and associate member of this high Court' Hon. Loyal C. Kellogg, has by disease and BENSON. 427 death been taken from the counsels of the one, and the companionship of the other ; therefore — Resolved, that with a chastened submission to Divine Providence, we now invoke the recognition and the records of this Hon. Coun to emphasize and perpetuate the meas ure of our confidence and esteem for him who has representatively prolonged his useful life to ua and to our successora, on the bench and at the bar, by the valued bequest, not only of hia profesaional library, but by the richer inheritance cf the fadeless example of a worthy and successful life. Resolved, That, lo the sundered family cir cle of the illustrious deceased, we send assur ance of mingled condolence and congratula tion — condolence for their great bereavement — congratulation for the priceleas aggregate of surviving memories. D, E. Nicholson, ^ M. G. Everts, C. H. Joyce, j- Committee. D. Egberts, W. C. D UNION. In presenting the resolutions, Mr. Nichol son paid a feeling and eloquent tribute to the memory of Judge Kellogg, which was appro priately responded to by Chief Justice Pier point, who ordered tbe resolutions placed on the records of the Court. JUDGE KELLOGG's BEQUEST 10 THE COUNir OF BUTLAND. At a session of the Eutland County Court, the present term, the Hon. Hoyt H. Wheeler, Chief Judge, announced that he had received a communication from L. Howard Kellogg, executor of the Will of Hon. Loyal C. Kel logg, formerly a Judge of this Court, informing the court and bar of the bequest, hy Judge Kellogg, of his Law Library to the County of Eutland, for the use of the bar, etc. He then presented the following LEITEE FEOM L. HOWAED KELLOGG. Benson, Vt., March 15, 1872. To Hon, Hoyt H. Wheeler, Judge; Hon. J. B. Bromley, First Assistant Judge and Hon. Bradley Fish, Second Assistant Judge, the members of the legal profession : Gentlemen : — It becomes my duty as the Executor of the last Will and Testament of my brother. Loyal C. Kellogg, deceased, to place in the posession of the proper custodian, the Law Litjrary of said deceased which he haa bequeathed to the County of Eutland by the fourth Article of his Will, which reads as follows : " I give and bequeath to the Courity of Eutland aforesaid, all of my books belonging to my Law Library, now at Eutland, to be kept in the Court House of said County for the use of the Judges of the Courts, andf the members of the legal profession who may attend the Courts in said County." Said library is now in the office of the County Clerk, and is subject to such use aa ia designated by the said Will. In discharging this trust, I do most fully rely that your Honors, and the members of the bar, will make such provisions for the safe keeping of said library, and such regula tions regarding its use, aa will most fully car ry out the evident intention of the testator. Faithfully yours, L, Howard Kellogg. The foregoing communication having been read, on motion oi David E. Nicholson, it waa ordered and the Court appointed Warren H, Smith, John Prout and Eodney C. Ahell a committee to present to the Court a suitable acknowledgement of the bequest therein men tioned. The Ccmmittee, subsequently, (Monday, April loth) presented a report which waa ordered placed cn the records of the Court and copy furnished to L. Howard Kellogg. report op THE COMMITTEE. State of Vermont, Eutland County, March Term, 1872. To the Honorable County Court: Your committee, lo whom waa referred the communication ot the Executor of the last Will and Testament of the Hon. Loyal C. Kellogg, advising of the bequest of His Law Library lo the County of Rutland, for the use ot the Court and the members of the bar attending said Court, and that said Library has been delivered into your custody ; for tha purpose of suitably acknowledging said be quest, report : That in this bequest by Judge Kellogg we have assurances of the high regard in which the testator held thia, his native county, and the kind remembrances he had of his asso ciates of the Bench and brethren of the bar. And this presentation of his very choice and valuable collection of books calls upon its re cipients to provide a safe and suitable place for its deposit, that the beneficial objects of Judge Kellogg, in making said bequest, may be fully secured. That the thanks of the Court and bar are due and are hereby tendered to L. Howard Kellogg, the Executor, for this early execu tion of his trust, with assurancea that this legacy is highly prized and shall be properly provided for and safely kept in the place, and used, for purpoaea for which it was bequeath ed, by his brethren. W. H. Smith, ¦) J. Pbout, > Committee. E. C. Abell. j EUFug wilmot gkiswold. FRO>r "thb poets and poetry of VERMONT." Mr. Griswold, the patron of American Po ets, was born at Hubbardton, Rutland Coun ty, Vermont, February 15, 1815. A great 423 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. part of his early life waa spent in voyages. He afterwards studied divinity, and became a Baptist clergyman. He has been associate editor of The New Yorker, Brother Jonathan, New World, and several Boston and Phila delphia journals. In 1812, he edited Ora- ham's Magazine. In 1850, he projected tbe Jnternationul Magazine He had a mere extensive literary acquaintance, p>robably, than any oHjit man in the country. The " I'uets ami Pt:(iry cj America," he edited in 1812; " The Proie Wnlen oj America," in ISlli; "The Fcmole J'udi of America," in 1819 ; " Washington and the Qencrals oj the Amcriran Revolulwii.'' and" A'apoUon and the Marshals of ihe Empire, in LS'iV. His other works are " The Poets and Poetry oJ England in ihe Nineteenth Century," " Tlit Sacred Poets oJ America and England," Curiosities oJ Amer ican Literature," " The Biographical Man ual," " The Present Condition of Philosophy," and a serial volume ot miscellaneous poems, published in 1830. But tew ot his own po ems bave been preserved. He is best known as a, biogra[>her, critic aud antiquary. Our literary annuals he knew by heart, and no man of letters has done more lo present the clai.ms of American literature lo the world. Both his mind and disposition were complex. He alternated between the extremes ol feel ing ; yet he possessed, with all his peculiarities, a most exact sense ot justice, and though at limes, as a critic, dogmatic and severe, still he waa nearly alwaya the friend of the weak er party. In 1812, he resumed his ministe rial profession His sermons were hia finest compositiona, and delivered with taste and eloquence He died in New Y'ork city, Au gust 29, 1857. TO JANE. "WRITTEN IN THE ALBUM OF A NEAR RELATIVE. Alone sat Hagar in the wild. Alone with Itilimael her child. And throngh the sultry mid-day air Sent up to Heaven ber earnest prayer. Oh, lovely Hagar] Iteon thy woo. Thine agony that few may know; Y'-t, though forsaken and alone. One star benignant on thee shone; And, UK tliy gaze was turned on high. Its liylit made all thy anguish fly. Oh, lovely Hagnr 1 keen thy woe. But God forbade thy tears to flow. Remember her example, Jane ! ' ¦\Vlien comes, ua onie it will, the pain or broken faith and heart. felt wrong. Fur theso, alas! to life belong. When dark thy iky, when woea assail. Bend not before tho chilling gale. But upward turn thine eyes, to Him Wliose love nor change nor death can dim. However dark thy way may be. The same bright star will shine on thee That turned to juy tho bitterness Of Uagar In the wilderness. BEANDON. FROM MANCSCRIPTS LEFT BT IHE LATE BON. ANnERSON 8. DANA, M. D., LL. D. EAEL7 3ETTLEMEKT. Neshobe, the charter name of thia town, it retained 23 years; the patent being dated Oct. 20, 1761, while the Act of the legislature, confirming the organization of the town, and , changing the name lo Brandon, waa passed, Oct. 20, 1784. To avoid confusion, the name ot Brandon will be adhered to, except in copying from proprietors' or other records. ^ The settlement of towns, in a wilderness region as extensive as waj that ot Vermont, is influenced in some measure bylaws similar lo those which govern contagious diseases. The proximity of neighbors, and distance to omer settlements, are weighty considerations with him who seeks a home where " the war- whoop ofthe savage might wake the sleep of the cradle," and where gieat care and vigi- lence would be necessary lo guard hi_s little flock from destruction by the wild beasts of tbe forest. Hence, we see that the .settlement of towns m this State, especially on tho west side of the Green Mountains, which com menced at the southern extremity ot the State, progressed northward irom town to town, wilh considerable regularity in the or der of time. A similar order ol lime is no ticed, too, in the issuing of patents, with the exception of the town of Bennington, which was chartered in 17-19 ; when there was an interval of 12 years before any town north of it received a patent. It was during this interval that the French war broke out (1755) which extended in ita operatlona from Canada to the adjoining col onies of New England, New York, and Pennsylvania, and which was finally termin ated by the great battle fought on the plains of Abraham, near Quebec. Sept. 13, 1760, in which the British arms were victo rious. The French, disheartened by their losses, were thrown inio great confusion ; and on the 18th of September the remaindei of the troops and the city of Quebec were surrendered into the hands ot the English." General Amherst, who had previously taken Ticonderoga and Crown Point, arrived be fore Montreal, Sept. 8. 1760, "which place with the whole province ot Canada was surrendered to the British.'' This event at once awakened attention to BEANDON. 429 the territory of Vermont, the adjoining prov ince of which had been transformed from a hostile to a friendly neighbor. Applications for charters of towns were now made in rapid succession to Benning Wentworth, the Colonial governor of New Hampshire, who Vfas disposed to grant them on the most lib eral terms, so that the principal towns in the Counties of Bennington, (excepting the town of Bennington,) Eutland and Addison, were chartered in 1761. In most of these towns there waa an interval, however, of sev eral years between the time the patents were granted and the commencement of settle ments. By the terms of the charters an ear of Indian corn was required to be paid annu ally by the grantees of each town until De cember, 1772 ; after which, one shilling proc lamation money was to be paid annually for each 100 acres. In 10 towns of Eutland County whose charters were granted between the 26th of August and the 20th of Oct., 1761, settlements were commenced at the following periods : Pawlet, 1761 ; Danby, 1 765 ; Clarendon and Eutland, 1768 ; Caatleton and Pittsford, 1 769 ; Tinmouth, 1770 ; Poultney and Wells, 1771 ; Brandon, 1772. In thia progression of settlements, Brau don, it is seen, was the laat in the order of time compared with the towna south of it, whose charters were obtained aa early, or during the same year. The settlements north were, with very few exceptions, all commenced at a later period. Col. John Chipman made a " pitch" iu the town of Middlebury as early as 1766 ; but left soon after, and did not return until the Spring of 1773, when he with Judge Painter, Benjamin Smalley and a few other families, commenced the first settlement, intended to he permanent, in that town. But they, with others who came before the Eevolutionary war, all left immediately after ita commence ment, and did not return until it waa over. While the women and children, however, were thua compelled to abandon their new homes, and return for a season, from whence they came, the men generally joined the de fenders of their country, substituting, tor a lime, the weapons of war for the implements of husbandry. Brandon remained the frontier town on the north, where the settlement was not bro ken up by the war. In a few instances men took their families to a neighboring town, or vicinity less exposed, to remain during the confinement of their wives. The record of births in the town, however, shows that there was no breaking up of the settlement by the war, these births having occurred at various perioda of ita duration. " Pitching," before purchasing, was the common practice for several years. Indeed the purchase money, or consideration, was at that early day of such small account as to deter no one from coming into the town to settle, who had made up his mind to seek a home in the wilderness. Besides, the pur chase of a proprietor's right, or any number of acres on such right, gave to the purchaser no advantage over any one else who had not purchased, of selecting any particular lot, un til surveys were authorized to be made, which was not until September, 1774. It was the policy of the proprietors however to encour age settlements by the most liberal means, for at their meeting, when they first " voted to lay out 110 acres for a first division lot," they also voted, that " each man shall hold his lot by pitching until he can have oppor tunity to survey it." A committee was ap pointed at this time, with "full power to em ploy a surveyor, &c.," and who were directed " to begin on the business by the first Monday of September next," to which time the meet ing was adjourned " to the house of Nathan Daniels, in Neshobe." That meeting was held at Williamstown, Mass., June 15, 1774, and was the first meeting held by the pro prietor's when any action was had in rela tion to surveys. Although many pitches were made before title could be obtained to any particular tract or lot, the settlers had no fears of being ousted or disturbed in their possessions as the whole town waa open to new comera, with the exception of a few apota here and there, which were indicated by the amoke ia- auing from log-bouaea or the burning of a fallow of " new land." Of the original proprietors, two only came into the town to reatde, Josiah and Benja min Powera, both of whom died before the close of the Eevolutionary war. The first tree felled in this town, with a view to settlement, was in the month of Oc tober, 1772, when Amos Cutler, then a ..ingle man, came from Hampton, Ct., made an ' opening, and built a cabin, which he occu- 430 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. pied alone during the following winter. It is doubtless true, as stated by himself and others, that he was the first white man that ever passed a winter in thia town. April 5. 1773, John Ambler and David June, his son- in-law, came into the town from Stamford, Ct., and m.ade their pitch jointly, south of and adjoining Mr. Cutler, and extending, as itwas afterwards surveyed, to near the norlh line of Pittsfield, In the next class of settlera are included thoae who came here previous to, or during the Eevolutionary war ; who are named in the order of time, as near as could be ascer tained, at which they came. These were Josiiih Powers, Elisha Strong, Thomas Tut tle, Joseph Barker, John Mott, George and Aaron Eobins, Benjamin Powera, Jonathan Ferris, Joshua Goas, and Samuel Kelsey. All but the last two are suppoaed to have been here before the commencement of the war. In Thompson's History of Vermont, an error occurs, under tho head of Brandon, where it ia atated that the settlement of this town was commenced in 1775; whereas we have in addition to much record testi mony, two living witnesses, to prove the cor rectness of the earlier pieriod above men tioned, Dea. Aabael June, and Stephen June, his brother. The former was brought into town by his parents in November, 1773, his father having returned to Connecticut at that time for the purpose of removing his family. The other waa born here, Sept. 11, 1774, and both have resided here since that time. See biographies elsewhere. "Pitching," as we have said, was the uni form practice with the primitive settlers of selecting the lots whicn they designed for their future homesteads. For example, Mr. Culler who made hia pitch in October, 1772, did not purchase till June, 1774, when he bought tho original right of Stephen Brown. In September after, he had his first division surveyed with wbich he covered his pitch, and soon after a second division, adjoining the first, thua bringing together 220 acres. Such then was the mode in which these pioneer settlers and those who came to town at later periods selected their homesteads. When and where the original settlers on tho principal farms in town commenced, will be seen under the head of personal notices. Several settlements having been- thus com menced before any action of the proprietors- providing for surveys, it was thought prop er to notice them in their order, before intro ducing the proceedings of the proprietors the' first meeting of which, (except the one to or ganize, required by the charter, of which no record ia to be found,) was held at Williams town, Mass , the proceedings of which, witb those of subsequent meetings, we copy from their records, PEOPKIETORS' MEETINGS. By a provision in the charter, Capt. Josiah Powera was to give notice to the proprietors, of the first meeting for the choice of officers, which was lo be holden on the last Tuesday of November, then next, of which meeting he waa to be the moderator. The next meeting of the proprietors, so far as the record shows, was not holden until 1774, and then in accordance with the follow ing notice : " According to a legal warning published in the Boston Ga/.ette, to warn the proprietors of the township of Neshobe, on Otter Creek, to meet at the house of Benjamin Simonds, in Williamstown. (Ma«s.) on the I5th day of June, 1774, atone of the o'clock, afternoon. Met, according to warning and opened sd. meeting. 1. Chose Elisha Strong, Moderator, and Abraham Hard, P. Clerk. 2. Voted to run out the town lines, map the corners, and scale the Creek. 3. Voted to lay out the town plat and acre lots near the centre of the town, to ac commodate. 4. ^'oted to lay out 110 acres, for a first division lot, the 10 acres, as a reserve for highways, if needed , through said lots. Each man .shall hold his lot by pitching, until he can have opportunity to survey it. 5. ^'oted that a Committee he chosen to lay oat sd. town and lands. Doct. Benja min Powers, Thomas Tuttle. Isaac Davia, Gideon \Mieeler, and Robert Muzzy, chosen said committee, with full power to procure a surveyor to run out the town lines and the plat of acre lots. 6. Voted that the committee shall go into the town of Neshobe, and begin on the busi ness of laying out the sd. lands, by the first nionday of Sept. next. 7. Voted that all the Mill places on Neshobe river that runs into the Creek, shall be reserved for the publio use aud ben efit of aaid town, wilh a small quanity of land to accommodate each mill-place, and that a committee, to be chosen by the pro- prietora, shall have power to dispose of the mill places. Voted to adjourn this meeting to the first monday in Sept. next to the house of Na- han Daniels in Neshobe." " Attest; Abea- HAM Hard, iVopneiors' Clerk." The next meeting was the first tho propri etors ever held in Ne-shobe, and was in accord ance with the adjournment of the last, Sep tember, (first Wednesday,) 1774. " 1. Met according to adjournment, and opened sd. meeting al the time and place. Voted to chose an addition to the com mittee for laying out sd. lands, &c. Amos Stone, John Wheelan, Noah Strong, and Ben jamin Powers, Jr., were chosen. 2. Voted to raise 23 pounds, L. M. on the proprietors lands, to be by assessment on each rignt. 3. Chose Obadiah Wells to collect sd. tax. ^ 4. Voted to lay out 110 acres for a 2d. divi sion, 10 acres for highways if needed through. said lots, if the proprietors shall allow it af ter this date. Said lots to be laid out in the same manner as the first. 5. Voted to lay out the 2d. Div., by pitches, and to begin on the first day of No vember next after date, Sept. 6th day, 1774. 6. Voted that Elisha Strong, and Roger Stevens, are to have the privilege of the lowmust falla on Neshobe river, lo build a saw-mill and grist-mill on ; the saw-mill to go by the first of January next, and the grist mill to be built within two years from this date ; and if accomplished within two years, they are to have the privilege given to them ; but if the said Strong and Stephens do not complete and finish their milla within said time, they are not entitled to said vote." This meeting is adjourned to the first mon day in November next, at one of the O'clock in the afternoon, at the house of Nathan Daniels, in Neshobe. Attest, Abraham Hard, P. Clerk." "September 6, 1774. Then run for the town Plat in Neshobe. From the center of the town, run weat, 60°, North, 100 rods Thence north, 40 west, 100 rods — thence weat, 12 south, 6 rods, to the center of the plat — thence aouth, 82 rods — thence east, 42 rods, to a beach staddle to begin at, being the, south-east corner — thence west, 84 rods, to a small beach — thence north,. 164 rods, to a beach staddle — thence east, 84 rods, to a stake — thence south to first bounds began at, being a beach staddle. Four rods through the middle, north and south, east and west, laid for a highway. Thomas Baldwin, Surveyor." The next meeting of the proprietors, of which there is any record, was held in ac cordance with the following notice : " Whereas application has been made to me by more than one sixth part of the pro prietors of Neshobe, iu the County of Eutland, and state of Vermont, to warn a meeting of the proprietors, these are, therefore, lo notify sdi proprietors that they meet at the dwelling house of Capt. William Gage, in Danby, on Wednesday, the 7th,day of June, 1780, at 10 ofthe o!clock in the morning. Then and there to act on the following articles, viz. 1. Choose a Moderator to govern said meeting. BRANDON. 431 2. Choose a Proprietors Clerk. 3. See if the Proprietors will lay a tax to defray the expenses of laying out said town lines and acre lots, and other necessary charges that have already arose. 4. Lay out the 3d. Div. to each proprie tor's right, and transact any other business thought proper on said day. Bennington, Feb. 5th day, 1780. Jonas Fat, Assistant. Test, Silas Whitney, Pr. Cleric" " Met according to the warning, on Wednes day the 7th day of June, 1780, at the house of William Gage, in Danby ; meeting opened and proceeded to business according to law. 1. Chose Gideon Horton, Moderator, to govern said meeting, and Silas Whitneyj Clerk. Voted to adjourn to Wednesday the 4th day of Oct. next, at nine o'clock, A. M. to thia place. Silas Whitnev, Clerk." " October 4th, 1780. Met according to adjournment. 1. Voted to lay out the 3d Division, ac cording to the method of the 2d Division. 2. Voted to appoint a Committee of three to make a plan of the town. Thomas Tuttle, Noah Strong, and Nathan iel Sheldon, were appointed sd. Committee. 3. Voted to raise a tax of three dollars on each proprietor's right, to defray charges of laying out said town. Chose John Mott, Nathaniel Sheldon, and Thomas Tuttle, to make the assessment of said tax. 4. Voted that Nathan Daniels be the Col lector of ad. tax. 5. Voted to choose a Committee of three, to take care of the mill-places in Neahobo, where Roger Stevena partly built mills, and dispose of the privilege, with five acres of land around the falls where Eoger Stevens set a sawmill, to some person who shall un dertake to build the mills. Gideon Horton, Thomas Tuttle, and Na than Daniels, were appointed sd. committee. Voted to adjourn to the first Wednesday in June next, at nine o'clock in the morning, at this place. SiLAs Whitney, P. Clerk." " Met according to adjournment. Chose John Mott, Moderator. Adjourned to the first Wednesday in Sep tember, 1781, to the house of Capt. Burt, in Danby, at 10 o'clock, A. M. Silas Whitney, P. Clerk" " Met at the time and place, the first Wednesday of September, 1781 — opened the meeting and made choice of Thomas Tuttle, Moderator for the day. 1. Voted that two of the former Commit tee shall be empowered to sign the old sur vey bills that are brought to their satisfaction from Thomas Baldwin s hand -writing, by the proprietors of said town of Neshobe. 2. Voted that the 3d Div. lots be laid out as they shall fall by draft, and lo commence the first monday in April, 1782, and to be 432 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. two pitches a day, until they are all got through. 3. Voted that this meeting be adjourned to the last thursday of Marcn next, at 10 o'clock in the morning, to the house of Solo mon Bingham, in Tinmouth. S. Whitney, P. Clerk." As some of tho proceedings of the propri etors wire afterwards revoked, they are here omitted. "Tinmouth, March, (last thursday,) 1782. Met according to adjournment, and choae Thomas Tuttle, Moderator, and Nathaniel Sheldon, t^lcrk Pro tern. Adjourne.l to lire first Wednesday of Octo ber ni'.\t, to the house of Elihu Smith, in Clarendon, to 10 o'clock, a. m." " Met at the time and place, according to adjournment, Gideon Horton, chosen Mod erator. 1. Voted lo appoint a Committee of three to settle the accounts of the proprietors with the treasury of the three dollar tax. Gideon Horton, David June, and Silas Whitney, ap pointed sd. committee. 2. Voted that nine pounds be worked out from Pittsford line lo the Mills iu Neshobe, and that Nathaniel Sheldon be the man to see that the work be done, for which he is to have four shillings and six pence a day, for work on the sd. road. 2. Voted that Gideon Horton, David June, and Nath'l .Sheldon, be a committee lo carry the chain to lay out lands. 3. Voted that no Surveyors shall survey or lay out land in Neshobe before they are sworn to a faithlul discharge of their duties, and that no Committee or chainmen shall carry the chain belore they are sworn. Adjourned to the last Wednesday in Feb ruary next, at ten o'clock, A. m., to this place. Silas Whitney, Clerk." " Met according to adjournment. Chose Thomas Tutile, Moderator. 1. Voted to reconsider the vote layine; out 30 acres, and to lay out 50 acres for a third division, and five acres allowance for highways. 2. 'V oted to begin the pitches the 2d mon day in March, 1783, and make two in a day, and that Thomas Tuttle, jr., receive the pitches and return thern to the Clerk. Adjourned to the lat Wednesday in June, 1783, to the house of Widow Spencer, in Rut land, at 10 o'clock in tho morning, Silas Whitney P. Clerk." (Widow Spencer's house waa kept aa a tavern, and situated near the foot of Suther- land'a Falls, on the east side, near the south line of Pittsford, on the old road to " Tie.") "Met according to adjournment, at the time and place. 1. Voted lo choose Capt. Tattle, Nathan Daniels, and Noah Strong, as a committee to lay out the after drafts of the publio righta. 2. Voted that the body of pine timber be reserved for the view of the proprietors. John Mott was appointed a committee to carry the chain to lay out land. John Suth erland chosen proprietors' Clerk. Adjourned to first Wednesday in Nov. 1783, to the house of John Sutherland, in Neshobe, at the mills, at 12 o'clock at noon. Silas Whitney, Pr. Clerk." "November 5, 1783. Met, according to adjournment, at tho house of John Sutherland, in Neahobe, and opened the meeting. 1. Chose (Iiileon Horton, Moderator. 2. Voted that the 50 acre pitchea stand good till the next meeting. 3. Voted that Davil June, Nath.in Dan iels, John Sutherland, Capt. Tuttle and Noah Strong be a committee to lay out the high ways from Pittaford line to the Mills — thence to Capt. Tuttle's house, thence to the creek — 4 rods wide. Then from Pittsford line on the creek, 2 rods wide to Sudbury line. Then from Pittsford line to Noah Strong's and Leicester line, 4 rods wide. Then on the west side of the creek, from Pittsford line to Sudbury line, 4 rods wide. 4. Voted that 3s. 6d. per day be paid for what work is done on the road from this time to the first day of April next, and from that time till the next meeting, -5a. per day. 5. Voted that John Mott, Noan Strong, and Ephraim Strong, be a committee to take account of work done on the road, and make return, &a. 6. \'oted that a tax of 5 dollars he laid on each right for making highways through the town of Neshobe. John ilott waa ap pointed Collector. 7. Voted that the former committee make out this tax -bill, and that Gideon Horton be the treasurer of sd. tax. , 8. Voted that 5 acres of the third divi sion of the school rit;ht be laid out on and around the largest falls above the mill falls. Adjourned to the first Wednesday of Octo ber, 1784, to this place, at 10 o'clock, A. 31. John Sutherland, P. Clerk." October, 17S4. Mot, according to adjournment, and made choice of 1. Thomas Tuttle, Moderator, and Gideon Horton, Pr. Clerk, Test, John Sutherland, Pr. Clerk. 2. Voted to accept of three high ways through the town— that by Noah Strong's, through the east part of the town— the mid dle road by David June'a to the mills and creek, west road by Ephraim Strong's, in the west part of the town. 3. "\'oted to excuse John Mott from col lecting the five dollar tax, and chose Nathan Daniels in his stead. Adjourned to the 5th day of Jan., 1785 at 1 o'clock, p. M., to the house of Lorin Larkin." (Larkin now resides at the mills which he purchased of John Sutherland.) ' "January 5, 1785. Met, and the meeting opened. BEANDON. 433 Voted that the acre lots be drawn for and recorded. Finding that the Records of the proprietora were destroyed when the town was burnt by the enemy, therefore, lo save cost of laying the town and lota over again, it is now voted that Thoma.s Baldwin's Field-Book, shall be well examined and drawn off into survey bills, and such survey bills as the proprietors' Clerk and two of the committee shall attest and sign, are to be ac cepted as good surveys, and no surveys shall be accepted from Baldwins Field-Book, ex cept such aa are signed by Baldwin, or the proprietors' Clerk and two of the committee. Voted that Thomas Tuttle, Noah Strong, and Nathan Daniels be tbe committee to sign the survey bills from Baldwin's Field-Book, when they are examined. Voted that all surveys by a sworn survey or, and signed by two ot the committee, shall be accepted by the proprietors. Voted that the 50 acre pitches stand good nntil the next meeting, and that the propri etors' Clerk receive the pitches. Voted that Jedediah Winslow, Nathan Daniels and Nathl Sheldon, be the commit tee to receive and examine the accounts for work done on the highway, and deliver them to the Treasurer of the five dollar tax. Voted that this meeting be adjourned to the first Wednesday in April next, at 9 o'clock in the morning, to the house of Lorin Larkin. Gideon Horton, Pr. Clpk." Although the proprietors continued to hold their meetings for many years, as their busi ness after the organization of the town re lated solely to their private interests as land owners, il is not deemed worth the while to copy farther from their records, excepting ex tracts from two of their meetings at which they made the final divisions on their rights, as follows : "Nov, 1,1786. Voted to lay out 25 acres on each right, for a 4th division." "Gideon Horton, P. Clerk." "December, 1794, first Wednesday. Voted to lay out 20 acres on each proprie tor's right, for a 5th division." "Gideon Horton, P. Clerk." organization op the town. The organization, by the choice ofthe nec essary officers, took pdace Oct 7, 1784. The law then in force required that such proceed ings should take place at the time of the an nual town meeting, which was then, as now, in the month of March, but the legislature, then about to meet at Eutland, soon after confirmed their doings by a special Act, the preamble of which sufficiently explains the reason of its passage, and the origin from which the town derived its name. " An Act to establish the doings of a cer tain town meeting in the town of Neshobe, and to alter the name of the said town of Neahobe. Whereas, the inhabitants of the town of Neshobe, in the month of March last, were not sufficient in number to organize them selves as a town and choose town officers, as the law directs, but upon the increasing of the number of said inhabitants, they did, on the 7th day of October instant, meet and choose town officers : And whereas, the in habitants of said town have requested that the name of said town of Neshobe be altered to that of Brandon; Therefore, Be it enacted, and it ia hereby enacted by the representativea of the freemen of the State of Vermont, in General Assembly met, and by the authority of the same, that such proceedings in the choice of town officers, and other acts as were had by the inhabi tants of the town of Neshobe, on the 7th day of this instant October, 1784, which %vould have been valid and according to law had they been had and done in the month of March, as the law directs, be, and they are hereby established and confirmed as legal and authentic as though the same had been had and done in the said month of March, and that the aaid town of Neshobe shall be ever hereafter called and known by the name of Brandon Secretary's Office, Eutland, October 22, 1784. The preceding ia a true copy of an Act passed by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont, on the 20th day of October instant. Attest, Micah Townsend, Secretary." CHARLES JOHNSON came to this town towards the close of the last century. He married Nabby Holt, Sept. 11, 1799. He was by trade a tailor, which business he followed more or less for a great part ot hia life. He^was constable of the town, from the year 1804, for a long pe riod, and died Feb. 2, 1859, aged 85, In his form he was considerably below medium height, but well proportioned. He waa erect, and remarkably quick in his motions. And though he lived to an advanced age, his death was hastened by a fall which injured his head, rather than by any disease or in firmity incident to a long life. CAPTAIN JOSIAH POWERS was originally of Littleton, but afterwarda of Greenwich, Mass His name is first in the charter, and he was authorized to call the first meeting of the proprietors, and pre side until they were organized He became by far the largest land owner 434 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. in the town, having commenced purchasing ¦rights' of his co-granteea soon after the patent was issued, wbich he did for conaider- ationa merely nominal; aome aa low as 5s. a right. Hia firat purchase was in Novem ber, within a month from the date of the charter. He was doubtless the prime mover in obtaining the charter, and as a sufficient number of names attached to the applica tion, or poiition, was all that waa neceaaary to obtain a patent, the Colonial Governor, Wentworth, being desirous of encouraging settlement, he obtained the signatures of his neighbora lo the required number, probably by an understanding with some of them to take their shares it a patent could be ob tained. He owned at one time some 3,000 acres, but he continued to sell aa he had opportunity, so that previoua to hia death he had disposed of most of his land. He came here lo reside in 1774. In July ot that year he is named in a deed as " ot Greenwich, Mass.," and on the 3d day of November atter, be is set up as "of Nesho be,'' &c. He resided on the place since known as the Daniel Goodenow larm, now in posses sion ot Dea. Elijah Goodenow. His log houae was some 50 rods south-westerly of tbe present dwelling, The place is indicated by apple trees still standing there. Mr. Powers was the first in possession of this place He had two daughters, Susan, wife of Noah Strong, and Elizabeth, wife of Dr. Nathaniel Sheldon. Mr. Powers and hia brother. Dr. Benjamin, were the only tvfo of the original proprietors who came here to reside ; .they both died before lhe close of the war. Jo siah was drowned in^attempting to ford a stream on horseback, which waa swollen by a flood, while on his return from Windsor, where he had been lo attend the legislature in October, 1778; this is partly presumed however, that is, that he was returning from Windsor, as all nccpunts agree that ho was drowned in this manner, about that time, and when returning from abroad, where he h.ad been on public business ; and the Jour nal shows that ho Wiva a member, and in at tendance on the legislature at that seaaion at Windsor, and hia name, although often oc curring before in the town records, nowhere appears after that period, DR, BENJAMIN POWERS, brother to Capt. Josiah Powers, was also^ from Greenwich, Maaa. and is named in deeds to him, dated in September and November, 1774, aa "of Neahobe." He waa a physi cian, and said to be an intelligent and wor thy man. He died near the close of the war. Deeds were executed by him in 1780, while deeds from the administrators on his estate were dat?d in 1783. He is presumed to have been a single man, as his heirs named in a deed dated in 1783, were all children of his deceased brother, Josiah. He was the first physician that settled in this town, but from the sparsenesa of its pop ulation, he could have had but httle profes sional buainesa, and his principal employment was that of dealing in lands, of which he was a large proprietor. AM03 CUTLEE was the first white man ever known to have passed a winter in this town. He came here in the month of October, 1772, from Hamp ton, Ct., his native town, made an "opening" and built a cabin, which he occupied " soli tary and alone" during tbe next winter, having no other companion than a faithful dog. He was then 23 years old and single. In the fall after, he returned to Hamp ton and was married to Amy, daughter of Jacob Simonds, Nov. 23, 1773; the father of the bride performing the ceremony, he being a magistrate. Mr C. purchased of Josiah Powers the original right of Stephen Brown, for the con sideration of £10. On this right he had a first and second division of 110 acres sur veyed, adjoining each other, and covering his "pitch," which was in the southerly part of the town, and comprised his homestead during his life. He had served sometime as an apprentice to the blacksmith's business in Connecticut, and was the first of that trade here, although his work was rather rough, h.aving but few tools, and those made by himself. The work of the mechanic at that day, however, was very simple; that is, such as he was allowed to do in the colonies, the British government compelling the people here lo purchase from the mother country, or "go without," by for bidding the manufacture or fabrication of al most all articles of necessity or convenience But while the people were obliged to resort to England for their horse-shoea, they were permitted lo "set" them, and to do some BRANDON. 435 other specified acts which must be done here, or not at all. Mr. Cutler's skill as a blacksmith was probably about equal to the state of the times, and as the restrictive measures lo which we have alluded were nullified by the Eevolution, the trades were soon supplied with operatives quite equal to the demand. Mr. Cutler's principal object, too, being that of farming, he gradually left ;his trade as others engaged in it. One act, however, he performed before retiring from this "profes sion," which is deemed worthy ot a "passing notice." Soon after the first fulling-mill was built and put in operation here, an accident hap pened, the breaking of the crank, which oc casioned sadness to the settlera as well aa the owner, it being the most important and ex pensive part of the mill, and another could not be obtained from any nearer point than Connecticut, whence this was brought. In this state of things, Mr. C. suggested that he might possibly repair it, if the people would "turn out with their hand-bellowses and as sist him." To this they readily assented, and alter burning an extra quantity of charcoal for the occasion, they commenced " healing up," having selected a place beside a flat rock which was to be used aa the anvil. The puffing and blowing of tnese hand bel- lowa was kept np to the bigheat pitch, the iron being so massive aa to require a power ful blast to obtain tbe requisite heat. At length the huge iron was placed upon Ihe rock, and the welding heat found to be pro duced, the cheering newa of which rapidly spread through the town. Thia incident will donbtleas aeem trivial to some youthful readers who may chance to see the notice of it, but to the inhabitants of that day a fulling-mill waa appreciated as a most important acquisition to the town. Mr. Cutler had two sons and four daugh ters, all married. They afe noticed else where. He was of about medium height, with large head, short neck, fat and good-natured; full of anecdotes, especially such aa related to the primitive settlers in the town, and incidents which occurred at an early period of its his tory. He died, Mar. 18, 1818, where he com menced 46 years hefore. JOHN CONANT, ESQ., a native of Ashburnham, Mass., was born Feb. 2, 1773. He came to this town in 1790, and purchased of Simeon King and Joseph Hawley, "one half of the mills and water power in the village," for the consideration of £160; deed bearing date Dec. 23, 1796. He had served an apprenticeship to the trade of carpenter and joiner, and the knowledge thua acquired, added to superior mechanical talenta, waa of great aervice to him in the important buainesa which he established, and in superintending the valuable buildings and works of his own, erected in after years. By subsequent purchases he became the proprietor of the entire water-power in the village. In 1816, he built the stone grist-mill, still standing at the hea.d of the lower falls ; and in 1839, he erected the brick-mill below it, which, at the time, was one of the best atrue- tures of the kind in the State, In 1820, he erected the furnace* in the =^ At this furnace was cast the old "Conant atove" — the first stove made in the State, and a great inven tion for the time; and which was the wonder of the farmer's kitchen, and sold in all the villages around and abroad, till the more convenient "rotary" came in for competition. It was the first stove we over saw — our father bought ono and brought home as a sur prise; — and never was anything brought into the house that created such an interest, it was the inauguration of a new era in the culinary kingdom— the pleasant old fire-place wilh tbe swinging crane of well filled pots and kettles, bearth-spiders with legs and bake-kettles and tin-bakers to stand belore the blazing logs and bake custard pies in — all went down at once and disap peared before that first stove, without so much as a passing struggle. We do not know whether there has been ono kept in the State to this day— there should be as an antiquarian lelic — Ed. Since the above was in print we have received the following from John A. Conant, son of John Conant: .' You are right in saying that 'The Old Conant Stove' was Ihe first cooking stove cast in the State. Stoves witn ovens, but without boilers, etc., had been previ ously made to some extent. The State was being supplied with cooking stoves previous to 1819 by a House in Troy, N. ¥., who had their castings made in Philadelphia. The 'Conant Stove,' aud others that soon followed, took tho place of the Troy pattern. The first 'Conant Cook Stove' was made in the an- tumn of 1819. Castings for tho same having been obtained from the Pittsford Iron Works. The work of erecting a blast furnace in Brandon going on at tha same time, and resulted in supplying a superior quan tity of iron for stove making. Unlike most of the fur naces the castings for stoves, potash kettles and almost every variety of iron castings were made directly from the brown hematite ore of tlie regions. The busiuess proved a success and was prosecuted by Father and Sons for a period ot thirty years, and was the life of the towu." 436 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. village, the first blast of which was made in October of that year. To this establishment, long and familiarly known as " Conant's Furnace," is this village chiefly indebted for the impetus then given, and for its continuous growth and prosj erity. No man's name has been more intimately associated with the town of Biandon for the last half century than John Conant ; not, however, on account of the public po.sitions he has held, but from the nature, extent, and successful prosecution of his business opera tions for a long series of yeara, which gave employment to a large number of persons. In all public measures for the improve ment of the place, or for the advancement of literary or religious objects, he took an ac tive part ; and where money was required to carry forward such measures, or for such ob jects, hia zeal was moat prominently exhib ited in hia liberal contributiona. In 1823, he took into copartnership two of his sons, Chauneey W. and John A., nn der the firm name of " John Conant & Sons," by which the busineas of the furnace, store, and other collateral branches was conducted for many years, and until he withdrew from the firm, and from active business, or raiher to the care of his private affairs ; for he waa al waya busy while he lived, until disabled by an organic aS'ection of the heart, which how ever did not arrest him in his course of ha bitual activity until he had passed his four score years. He represented the town in 1809, and at different perioda — in all, four times ; held va rious town officea, and was a justice of the peace for many j'ears. He waa the first post master after the office was removed to the village, which he held till 1820. He waa one of the electora when Harrison was chosen president. In hia religious character and life, he maintained an unshaken fidelity to the cause whiuli he had publicly espoused, and to the church where his vowa were recorded, of which he was long an efficient member aud deacon. If, in earlier life, his strong denominational attachments led him to be somewhat unchar itable in his views, he became, in later years, liberal in hia feelings towards all evangelical Christians; cordially uniting with them in meetings and measures for the advancement of the common cause. Of the Baptist de nomination, however, in the State, and the church in thia town, he was while he lived an acknowledged pillar. He was first married at Ashburnham, De cember, 1793, lo Chara, daughter of Wait Broughlon, by whom he had 9 children, all of whom, but one, survived him. Hia wife died, December 12, 1851, aged 79. He mar ried, two years later, Mrs. C. Phillips Bow man, of Chicago, 111., who still survives him. In his person he was of about medium height, full built, wilh plump, muscular limbs. He spoke with a gentle smile, and however much in earnest, he was unimpassioned in manner and voice, and deliberate in his enunciation. His remarks on pnblic occa sions were usually brief, but pertinent and sensible. He died, June 30, 1S5G, in his 84th year. DAVID JUNE was a native of Stamford, Ct., and was born Sept. 9, 1746. He came lo thia town on the Sth of April, 1773, in company with hia father-in-law, John Ambler. They made a joint pitch at the south part of the town, to which Mr. June added, by subsequent purchases, making in the whole 225 acres, which comprised his homestead at the time of his death. Mr. Ambler, who is -noticed elsewhere, died in about three years after he arrived in town. Mr. June having made an " opening," and built him a log-house, returned lo Stamford, in Nov. of the same year, and moved his fam ily, consisting of a wife and two sons, into their new house. As there were no roads within several miles, nor any other guide to their opening but marked trees, freight or baggage could be transported only on the backs of horses, or men's shoulders. Mr. June came with two horses, upon one of which the family rode, with the exception of himself, and the other bore the goods. The eldest son, Daniel, then iu his 4th year, rode behind the mother, the youngest, Asahel, ia her lap ; Mr. June on foot, leading the laden horse and bearing upon his own shoulders no light burden. The concluding part of this journey, of some 250 miles, was fatiguing almost to' ex haustion, to Mrs. June who waa, then but 21 years and 8 mouths old. At length her fortitude, of which she possessed a large share, began to give away, when Mr. June, walking by her side and bearing his own heavy bur- BEANDON. 437 den, encouraged her with the assurance — " we are almost there, we shall soon get there," &c., &c. Thus it was that this pioneer fami ly first entered the town. Here, where the first tree was felled by his own hand, was the homestead which he occu pied for 46 years, and until his death, which occurred on the 24th day of June, 1819, in the 74th year of his age. His wife. Prudence, died April 17, 1797, aged 45. He was mar ried a 2d time. Although his education, like most farmers of that day, was quite deficient, yet his sound judgment, good sense, and un shaken integrity, rendered him exceedingly useful in the management of town business. He was first on the committee appointed by the proprietors, before the town was or ganized, to lay out the principal roads " from Pittsford to Leicester, and from Pittsford to Sudbury, on the west side of the Creek, and from Pittsford to the milla, now the village, on the east side of the Creek, (" four rods wide.") He waa often appointed to some service by the proprietors, and after the town was organized he held some office al most constantly for the first 20 years. He was selectman ten years, being one of the board, chosen at ita organization. Mr. June had 4 sons and 3 daughters, who survived him. Daniel, and Asahel, the two oldest, were born at Stamford, Conn.; Daniel, May 8th, 1770; Asahel, February 6th, 1772. It seems fitting, for reasons which will appear, that these two brothers should be joined in this brief notice. They com menced in company, in the spring of 1793, immediately after the younger brother had arrived at the age of twenty-one, on the place, since so well known as the June farm, then an unbroken forest. Their original deed, which was from Doct. Nathaniel Shel don, was executed to Daniel and^ Asahel June, for 81 acres, to which they added largely by subsequent purchases. Here they built, first their log houaea, which were on the west side of the road as it now runs, but which were supplanted some years after by framed houses. These brothers, thus united in their busi ness relations were also harmonious in their religious and political views. Their domes tic relations too were fitted to strengthen the common ties of family kindred, their wives being sisters (daughters of Jacob Simonds, Esq.) In their early manhood, each waa captain, in succession, of the same mihtia company, distinguiahed for ita discipline by being placed on the " right of the Eegirnent," at military musters. Both, too, were ap pointed deacons of the Congregational church which office Deacon Daniel held till his death, Dea. Asahel being appointed to the vacancy soon after. Each had a large share of the honors and burdens of the town offices which were filled b)' none more faithful or intelligent. Thus these brothers labored and wor shiped together for 37 years, when-, on the 28th day of April, 1830, while they were at work together in tbe field, Dea. Daniel was killed by a singular accident. He was in the field at work with his cattle, prying up a stone, when the chain broke and the stone, flying up, hit him under tbe chin, instantly breaking his neck; without a moment's warn ing, he was hurried into the presence of Him to whom, in his accustomed family worship he had juat addressed his last prayer. In hia death, whiuh waa deeply deplored by a large circle of friends, his family, and numerous relatives, sustained an irreparable loss. To the church, hia death was indeed a heavy blow, and as such, has ever been felt by all ita elder members. He married Lois, daughter of Jacob Si monds, Esq., by whom he had 4 sons. She died. Mar. 16, 1836, aged, 69. Asahel, married Anna, sister of the latter, by whom he had 4 daughters. She died, July 21, 1849, aged, 73. Stephen, the 3d son of David, was born Sept. 11, 1774, and was the first child born in this town. He married, for his first wife, Sally, daughter of Amos Cutler, by whom he had 6 children ; 4 sons and two daughters. She died July 17, 1823, aged 43. He mar ried for 2d wife, the widow of Samuel Gray, Jr. Mr. June commenced on the farm now in possession of his aon, Elijah, adjoining on the south, the north line of Josiah Eossiter, formerly Amos Cutler. Here too he sub dued the forest and made the "wilderness bud and blossom." Although now in his 86th year, he says he has never failed of attend ing and voting at every freeman's meeting or annual town meeting since he became a vot er. To him, and his elder brother, Dea. Asa hel, I am greatly indebted for many of the facts and incidents noticed in this work. David, son of David, was born, January 27, 1779. Pie married Emily, a daughter, also, ox 438 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Jacob Simonds, Esq., Nov. 25, 1802. This "three-fold cord"* remained unbroken, for nearly 28 years, until the death of the older brother before noticed : David removed in 1806 to Lyons, New York, whero he and his wife are both still living. The daughters are noticed elsewhere. CAPTAIN STRONG AND FAMILY. Capt. Eliaha Strong, commenced on tho Governor'a lot, so called, on the weat side of the Creek, embracing the present farms of Jesse Hines, He purchased for £ 50, Oct. 21, 1784, of John Shumway, the 1st and 2d divi sions of Nehemiah Fuller. He was modera tor of the first proprietor's meeting held in this town, in September, 1774. He was some what infirm in his lower limbs on account of rheumatic affections, but of great power in hia arma. He always rode, if he went any great distance from hia house, and carried a very large cane. He waa one evening re turning from Pittsford, through the wooda, when near hia houae a man darted from behind a tree, and seized hia horse by the bit; at the same moment Captain S. ap plied the huge cane to the head of his as.oail- ant, and his spurs to his horse by which he at once extricated himself and reached his house in safety ; two muskets were discharged, in quick succession, after he had broken the hold of his immediate assailant, convincing him that three men had lain in wait for his return. On reaching his house he found his face and bosom so besmeared with blood and brains, aa left no doubt that he had dispatch ed his adversary as suddenly aa he had been attacked by him. Capt. Strong died near the close of the war. The late Ebenezer Drury, Esq., of Pittsford, and the widow of Capt. Strong, wore the ad- miniatrators of hia estate. Noah Strong, the eldest son, commenced on the "Gosa place," now known aa the town farm. He was among the earliest of aettlers. He purchased of Samuel Beach, then of Eut land, for £21, the original right of Thomas Sawyer, deed dated Aug. 5, 177 1, Also, (for 5 8,) of hia father-in-law, Josiah Powers, the original right of William Frye, dated Jan. 26, 1775. He made several other purchases afterwards. His first log house atood near the * That Is, three Juno brotbori married three Sim onds Bi>teia.—&i. river, and a little south-easterly of the pres ent dwelling-house on the farm. Although somewhat remote from the other settlers, he escaped a hostile visit during the war. He married as before noticed a daughter, (Suaanna) of Josiah Powera, an original pro prietor, and first named in the charter. He had 7 children, all but one of whom were born in this town — the first two, during the war — the third, during that period, was born at Claren don. He built the first mills, long known as " Strong's mills," on the site of the present marble works of Dea. E. D. Sheldon. Mr. Strong sold hia homestead containing then 180 acres, lo Mr. Joshua Goss, for the consid eration of £480, deed bearing date, Jan. 23, 1796, and moved to Muskingum, Ohio. Dea. Ephraim Strong, brother of the last named, after the death of his father, remain ed in possession of the place for several years. He purchased of his brother Noah, for £ 200, 14 acres of land, with one half of the grist mill and saw-mill thereon, known as " Strong's mills," deed dated April 2d, 17'.:i3. Here he resided till his death, .May 19, 1S21, aged 66 ; the only one of his fathers children who re. mained in town till their death. He was a deacon of the Baptist church. He was un able to walk for several years before his death, on account of rheumatic or paralytic affections. His widow, elsewhere noticed, survived him I'H yde several other purchases. He was the first town clerk after the town was organ ized, and held the office for 2 years, when he was succeeded by his son, Hiram. His wife was a sister of Benajah Douglas, E-q. His father, Benjamin, then above 70 yeara old, came into town with him, where he died, Jan. 13, 1803, aged, 93. Gideon occupied, al the time of hia death, the brown house still standing on tha premiaea of Chester Winslow Esq., east and next to his dwelling house. He died, Deo. in, 1801, aged 67. His widow died, Oct. 21, 1827, aged 91. HiiiAM, Judge, his eldest son, made his first purchase of Thomas Tuttle, July 16, 1784, for £28, 80^ acres, on the rights of Silas Lampson and John Corning. Also, Aug. 2, 1786, of administrators on the es tate of Josiah Powers, for £107, 19 shillings, a large amount on several rights, described. He also purchased of his father Dec. 3d. 1791, for £300, 200 acres, being the home stead of tbe latter. He was first to com mence on what has since been known as the Dea. Jonathan Merriam farm, and later as that of Dea. I'ow.-rs. Hero he kept tha records during the three years in which he succeeded hia father as town clerk. He waa much esleeiuod for his intelligence and uprightness, was a justice of tho peace for many years and Judge of tho County Court, Waa a selectman five years and represented the town in the general .As sembly 6 yeara, one more than it haa been represented by any other person. He mar ried Sarah, daughter of the late Ebenezer Drury of Pittsford, and had 8 children, 2 eons and 6 daughters, born in this town. Four daughters were married here. Claris sa, the eldest, lo Samuel Pease, who resided in the house now owned by J. E. Higgins, Esq. ; Lucy to Doct. Joel Green ; Anna to Ol iver M. Smith, his first wife;'Orpha, to Dr. -Smith of Shoreham, her first husband. Judge Horton was a deacon of the Congrega tional Church. He removed to Maloue about the year 1809, where he died. Major Gideon, jr., continued in town till 1808, when he sold the place where he had resided for many yeara, since known aa the Oliver M. Smith farm, aud moved to Hub bardton, where he erected milla and other works on extensive water power, included in his purchase tliere, by which a little village was built up, since known as ' Hortonville." Seven generations of this family have resided here. Benjamin Horton, the father of Gid eon, senior, died here,' Jan. 13, 1¥0:3, aged 93. Gideon, jr , who was his grandson, has a granddaughter in town, the wife of Frank lin Farrington, Esq., and they have a grand son born in this towu. JOHX SUTHERLAND was from Rutland (Sutherland's Falls), which were named after his father. He built the first grist mill in town, which was at the 'lowmost fall-,' in the village. Eoger Ste vens had previously built a saw-mill at the same place, which was burnt by the Indians in 1779. James Sutherland, father of John, purchased of Abel Stevens, Dec. 18, 1779, for 80 bushels of corn, 110 acres, being the first division on tbe right of Tilly Wilder, "embracing the falls and mill privileges in the village," which he sold to his son, John, March 5, 17S1, for £ 10, the description being the same as above. It is doubtless true, as is aflirmed by the ' oldest inhabitants,' that John Sutherland built the first grist mill in town, and that .a.s early as 1780, as he is known to have resiiled here and tended the mill as early, an'l for several years after the ahove date. Besides, he is set up in the deed Irom hia father. Mar. 5, 1781, as John Suth erland of "Nishohe, Miller.'' Thc fact that he resided here at this time as a 'miller,' is another proof that the settle ment was not broken up on account of the war, as is remarked under the notice of "mills." He sold, July 1, 1784, for £300, to Lorin Larkin, the premises a cove de scribed, as being a "lot lying around and enclosing the mills." BEANDON. 445 He was one of the committee of five, ap pointed by the proprietors, who laid out the three principal highways through the town, from Pittaford to Leicester, and* from Pitts ford to Sudbury, which waa in November, 1783. He returned to Sutherland's Falls, where he resided at an advanced age, and where, I believe, he died. DEACON JOSEPH HAWLEY was from Eutland, where his eldest child waa born aa early as 1782. He was town clerk in Brandon from 1790 to 1809, with the ex ception of one year. He waa a deacon of the Congregational church for 17 yeara, and until he removed from the town, in 1809. One of hia daughtera, Phebe Caroline, mar ried to A. W. Broughlon, Esq. She died June 23, 1819, aged 26. JOSHUA GOSS was from Montague, Mass. He came before the close of the wat. The first of his chil dren born in this town, (Chester) waa born Mar. 21, 1783. Hia first purchaae waa of Amos Stone, Oct. 18, 1783, for £50, 110 acres, the first division ou the right of Levi Farr. His log house was on the west aide of the highway, and some 50 rods from it, and about as far north of David M. June's houae. Here he remained some 13 years, when he sold to Simeon Bigelow, Feb. 8, 1796, for £200, having purchased of Noah Strong, Jan. 28, 1796, for £480, 180 acres, the well known Gosa place, where he long kept a publio house, and which is now the town farm. His wife was a daughter of Capt. Jonathan Carver, who made extensive explorations at an early day, at the western part of the country, on account of which he publiahed a huge work in folio vola., called " Carver's Travels." Mr. Goss had 4 sons and 4 daugh ters. The first four were born in Mass. A son (Capt. Eufua) and a daughter (Mrs. Smal ley), are still living; the former, born here. Capt. Chester, the oldest born here, removed to tho Weat several years ago. Mr. Goas died, Dec, 1826, aged 75. SAMUEL KELSEY came from Wallingford before the close of the war, and made his pitch on the lot now the farm of Samuel J. Merriam, late Oliver M. Smith's. He afterwards purchased, Aug. 20, 1783, of " Ebenezer Drury and Desire Strong, Administrators on the eatate of Capt. Elisha Strong, deceased," for £32, the first division on Nehemiah Fuller of 110 acres, "joining the town plat on the N. W. corner." The town plat then embraced what was af terwards called the " Tuttle hill," the west line of which extended to the oast line of this farm, on which he had pitched. He married Kesiah, daughter of Capt. Elisha Strong, by whom he had 8 children. 7 were born iu thia town ; the eldest, Samuel, waa born in Wallingford, April 15, 1780. This farm was in possession of Maj. Gideon Horton for sever,al years previous to 1808, when he acid and moved to Hubbardton. Kelsey emigrated to the Weat. DEA. EDWARD OEENEY was a native of Newton, Maaa., but came from Dublin, N. H., to thia town. He pur chased of Eobert Muzzy, July 5, 1783, for £ 20, the whole right of Aaron Brown, an original proprietor. He remained till his death on the place where he first pitched, now in poasesaion of Joseph Dutton. He was an active member, and deacon of the Baptist church, to the time of his death, which occurred suddenly, of the epidemic of that season, Jan. 24, 1813, aged 64. Hia widow died. Mar. 19, 1841, aged 88. Samuel, son of Dea. Edward, died, Oct. 4, 1858, aged 87. Hia widow died, Aug. 15, 1859, aged 89. They were married Jan. 1, 1795, and had therefore lived together nearly 64 years. Edward, jr,, married Elizabeth, daughter of Capt. Abraham Gilbert. DoBOAS, daughter of Dea. Cheney, married Ephraim Cheney, her cousin. Betsey, do., married Joseph Dutton — his first marriage. GEORGE olds was originally from Ashford, Ct,, but resided several years at Manchester, whence he came to this town. He purchased, Sept. 11, 1783, of Eichard Montague, for £50, the first di vision on David Munro, of 110 acres. He was the first to commence on the place since known as the Abel Goodenow farm, which he sold to the latter, and Luther Dodge, for £100, Sept. 16, 1792, The last two, only, of his eight children, James and Lucy, were born here. Mr. Olds' first pitch, where he remained several years, was on the place, now part of the farm of Butler Goodrich. 446 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. from whence he removed to the last men tioned place. Mr. Olds was moderate in his movements, and of a sound and aagacioua mind. He waa above medium height, and well proportioned. Ho accumulated a handaome property, and died, alter a abort illnesa, Sept. 26, 1835, aged 64, Hia widow died, Apr. 11, 1848, aged 74. DAVID JACOBS piirchaaed of Jeaso Tuttle, Oct. 1, 1783, for £ 50, 55 acres, on tho right of Timothy Fox. Also, of Obadiah Wells, Aug. 2, 1785, for £100, 110 acres. He made other purchases. His farm was occupied several years after his death by Moses Cluff, and is now in pos seaaion of Carloa Smith. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and ia aaid to have served for a time in the French war. Among the incidents of hia aervice in the Eevolu tionary war, was one which he termed "drawing the charge from an Indian's gun which was in this wise : Having on one ocoaaion straggled from the camp a little too far into the woods for hia safety, he espied an Indian, and was seen by him at the same moment. " I thought in an instant," he says, " if I fired and didn't dis able him, he would be sure to have my scalp, as he could outrun me, (Jacobs was a short legged man) and besides, would be loaded, when I instantly dropped behind a large fallen tree which was near me, and raised my cap slowly on a stick a little above the top of it, when pop went the Indian's gun, and down went my cap, and he instant ly started toward me, but I was ready for him," " Dd you kill him ? " was the en quiry. " Well, you see he didn't get my scalp," was his answer. SIMEON bigelow was from Conway, Mass. He made his first purchase from Capt. Nathan Daniels, Oct. 1, 1783, for £60, of 110 acres, and in 17',i6, of Joshua Gosa, for £200, 110 acres, making in all hia home farm, now in possession of David M. Juno. He waa three limea mar ried. Tha name of his first wife waa Foster, who waa a aister of tho first wife of Dea. Da vid Merriam, and of tho wife of Thaddeus Collins. These threo families reaided on ad joining farms till Collins, who owned the present farm of Capt. David Merriam, sold and left town. Mr B. marr.ied for his third wife the widow ot Simeon Avery. He waa first to commence on the place, where he re sided till hia death, July 13, 1837, aged 86. DAVID BUCKLAND, SEN., came from Hartford, Ct., in 1783, made his first purchase of Nathaniel Fisk, Nov. 3, 1783, for £157, two parcels containing 165 acres of land. He made subsequent purchases of other parties, embracing in the whole at one time nearly 400 acres. He was the first to commence on the place, where he continued for 35 years, and until his death, since, and ,, for many years, known as the Luther Conant farm, now in possession of Denison Blackmer. Mr. Buckland's original line on the south embraced the " Arnold Hollow," which latter portion he Bold to hia sona, David, jr., and Abner, 56 acres each, deeds dated Dec. 23, 1791, the consideration being £80 each. He had 5 sona and 3 daughters. Mr. Buckland was one of the original members of the Congregational church, in which he continued a worthy and useful 'communicant while he lived. He was three times chosen a selectman, and in other re spects performed a full share of pnblic ser vice in the town. He died Jan. 6, 1S18, aged 74. David, jr., purchased the farm now occu pied by his son, David, where he died, 1855, aged 90. Abner, having made additional purchases to that from his father, sold to John Arnold, in 1798, 60 acres, and lo Caleb Arnold, his brother, in ISOO, 110 acres. He went to the Weat. Other sons and daughtera are elsewhere noticed. capt. timothy buckland came to town about the year 1784. He pur chased hut a small parcel of land at first, to which he added, by subsequent purchasea, several years afterwards, comprising the " Capt. Tim. Buckland farm," now in posses sion of his grandson, Hiram Buckland. DEA. MOSES BARNES came from Lanesborough, Mass., immediately after tho war, and purchased, Sept. 10, 1784, of Noah Strong, for £60, 91 acres of land, joining the easterly line of the village as now located, and which embraced the present home-farm of Theodore Carey, then heavily timbered with maple, beech, hemlock and pine. Here he continued for 22 years, when ho exchanged with Seth Carey for the farm BEANDON. 447 on which he resided till his death. This farm is now in possession of Lewis Barker. He was one of the ten members who con stituted the Congregational church in this town at the time of its organization, 1785, of which he was deacon at the time of hia death. As a citizen he waa muc'n respected for his sound sense and conservative principles, and of town offices he had a full share. As a member and officer of the church, he was" greatly esteemed for his wise counsels and steadfaat aupport of the church and cauae generally. He married Olive, daugh ter of Jacob Simonda, by whom he had 2 sons and 3 daughters. He died, Dec. 12, 1825, aged 65. His widow died, March 15, 1846, aged 81. SAMUEL SEELEY SCHOFIELD purchased of David June, Jan. 21, 1784, for £ 27 and 10 shillings, 55 acres, bounded northerly on James Ambler, south on Amos Cutler, and east on John Mott. Alao, from James and Ebenezer Ambler, April 29, 1786, for £40, 110 acres, being the second division ' on the right of Josiah Emwood. His house stood near the notch in the mountain on the westerly part of the present farm of John Mc Connell. He married IMary, daughter of John Ambler, and removed to Huntington, where he died. His widow died there also. He had two children, daughters, born in town. He was from Stamford, Ct. EEEDERICK SCHOEIELD, brother of Samuel, commenced on the place south of and adjoining the Gilbert, now the Cook farm, and extending south to the north line of John McConnell's present farm. Here, where Mr. S. commenced when it was an unbroken forest, he continued till his death, leaving it a well cultivated farm. He married Mary, daughter of Dea. John Mott, and died in 1842, aged 73. His widow, now (1861) 84, still survives him, and with a memory uncommonly retentive for her age. I am indebted to her for several facts and incidents noticed in thia memorial. Mra. Schofield is doubtless the oldest native female living, having been born in this town. May 9, 1777. WILLIAM DODGE, SEN., was Irom Chesterfield, N. H^ He commenced on the place since, and for a long period, known as the Elijah Goodenow farm, where the latter resided at the time of his death. His first purchase was of Jonathan Farr, of N. H., Feb. 5, 1781, for £8i, 110 acres. He made other purchases afterwards. This farm was sold to Elijah Goodenow, his son in-law, by Daniel Dodge, son of Wm., May 23, 1792, for £ 150. Mr. Dodge and hia wife, Elizabeth, were of the firat 10 members who formed the Congregational church in thia town. He died, Oct. 16, 1820, aged 84. Hia widow, Elizabeth, died April 4, 1831, aged 94. JONATHAN PODGE, son of Wm., first purchased of Nath'l Shel- ion, Oct. 10, 1784, for £ 14, 50 acres, being the third division on the right of Tilly Wil der, and July 12, 1793, of Willard Seaton, for £ 140, 82 acres, joining the north line of John Mott's home farm. He afterwards purchased the " Dodge farm,'' now in posses sion of Jared Ives. His first marriage was with Mary, daughter of Dea. Jedediah Wins low, in 1784. She died, leaving an infant daughter, Charlotte, who waa married to Samuel Paul, May 3, 1808. Mr. Dodge was again married, Jan. 8, 1789, to Mary, slater of Stephen Tucker. He died Oct. 27, 1837, aged 73. WILLIAM DODGE, JR., resided for some yeara on the farm lying north and eaaterly of H. A. Sumner, which he sold to Dea. Asahel June, and moVed to the State of Illinois, where he died, Ha married Matilda, daughter of Jabez Lyon. The father and the sons here named were men of peaceable and quiet lives, and mem bers of the same church. EBENEZER SQUIRES was trom Windsor, and came here early in the year 1784. He purchased of Obadiah Wells, June 10, 1784, for £ 20, 55 acres, No. 53. He resided on the road leading from the town farm to the Blake furnace. Here, where he commenced, he continued till his death. He had 6 children, 5 daughters and 1 son. The last 4 were born in this town. JOSEPH LARKIN purchased of John Chamberlain, for £80, first division on Aaron Brown, 110 acres. He made aeveral other purchases, and is said lo have built the first house in the village, on the easterly side of the river. This was near the site of the present dwelling-house of Josiah Eossiter, Eaq. He married Hannah, a daughter of Dea. 448 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Jedediah Winslow, by whom he had 10 chil dren born in town ; the eldest, Sarah, Feb. 2, nyi). He went to the north part of the State. LORIN LARKIN came here from Dorset, as ia aupposed, hia oldest child being born there, Mar. 30, 1784. Ilia three other children wore born hare. lie purchased of John Sutherland, July 1, 1784, fbr £300, the first division on the right of TiUey Wilder, being 110 acres, described as' "a lot lying around and oncloaing the mills," which were long known aa " Lar kin's milla." The title to the land, 110 acres, proved defective, excepting a few acres attached to the mill privilege. STEPHEN DURKEE was from Windham, Ct,, and made hia pitch on the southern border of the village, which he purchased of Nathaniel Sheldon, Sept. 16, 1784, for £74, 50 acres; and also, the same day, of Noah Strong, 19 acres, joining the above. Hia first framed house is still atand- ing on the place where he died, Mar. 28, 1827, aged 81. Hia wife, Jorusha, died Mar. 30, 18].i, .^aged 70. She was a daughter of Jacob Simonds, Esq, He was passionately fond of music, of his kind, and amused him- aelf, in his old age, by playing ou his base- viol, with the accompaniment of his broken voice. This place is now the property of Hon. E. N. Briggs. DEA. BENJAMIN STEWART came to thia town from Danby, and is sup posed to be the first settler in that part of sugar hollow which belongs to the town of Brandon, He purchased of Nathaniel Shel- don,^Oct. ,30, 17iS4, for £42, the second divi sion of 110 acres, on the right of Tilley Wilder. He was a deacon of the Baptist church. DAVID FINNEY, JR., purchased first of Ebenezer Ambler, Nov. 29, 1781, for £91i,V, a lot lying south of Froderi(-k Schofield, his houso bring easterly of the present dwelling of John Mc Connell, and on the old atago-road, as originally laid out, then running in nearly a atraiglit lino between Dea, Mott's and Capt. Gilbert's, since the Locko farm. Ho was the first to commence on thia place, now embracing the easterly portion of tho Mc Connell farm. Ha afterwards purchased the place now in possession of Elam French, where he resided many years, aud until be went to the west ern j.art of the State of New York ; his chil dren having preceded him several yeara. He married, for his first wife, Theodocia, daughter of John Ambler. He married a second time, the widow of Joel Barnard. TIMOTHY GOODENOW located here about the year 1784. He com menced on a lot lying between the jireaent farma of Lewia Barker and David Buckland. The first purchaae was of Benjamin Thurber, Sept. 14, 1785, for £ 10, a tract described by metea and bounds ; deed executed to his son, Elijah, who made an additional purchase of Joaeph Barker, Jan. 31, 1786, for £ 37, of 30 acrea, adjoining their other lot. The career of Timothy Goodenow waa a brief one. He died June 26, 17^9- He united with the Congregational church, and, although a rea- ident here but about five yeara before his death, he left a name mo;t of all to he cov eted — that of an honest man. A widow, and 13 children, 7 sons and 6 daughters, sur vived him. Daniel, the eldest son, waa the last of the family to aettle in town. He purchased of the Loomis', who had been but a short time in possession. May 12, 1S03, for $1010, 130 acres, which place has lont; been known as the Daniel Goodenow farm ; the rail-road now running between the house, and that of the Misses Hark. Daniel Goodenow, with his son Daniel, went to the West several years ago, where he died. He left tliree daughters, Mrs. John Smith, Mrs Richard Harris, (wid ow) and l\Irs. Jason Hack. This farm ia now in possession of Dea. Elijah Goodenow. Elijah, the second son, who commenced with his father, purchased, M.ay 23, 1792, for £150, the DoJge farm, on the Creek, where he removed, and continued till his death. Mar. S, 1855, aged 92. He married a daughter of William Dodge, the pioneer set tlor on this farm, which is now in possession of Josiah Eossiter. Mr. G. died without issue. Asa, was tho first to commence where his son, Asa, still resides. He purchased of Na than Daniela, Apr. 20, 1787, for £18, 55 acrea, part of the aecond diviaion on Phineas Wilder. Here he remained till his death, Jan. 15, 1852, aged 86. He was a, carpenter and joiner, and said to be a good workman. He built the present dwelling-house, in the village, of Hon. E. N. Briggs. BEANDON. 449 Abel purchased, in company with Luther Dodge, of George Olds, Sept. 16, 1792, for £ 100, 100 acres, the second division on Ben jamin Eeed. He bought out Dodg|, Mar. 17, 1794, for £60, his half of the above. Thia farm is now in poasesaion of Josiah Eossiter. Mr. G. removed to Leicester, where he died. Willis purchased, in 1805, the farm now Ichabod Paine's, joining Pittsford north line. The consideration was $ 1,250. Here he re sided for many years, when he sold, and purchased the Daniel Goodenow farm, now in possession of hia son, Dea. Elijah, where he remained till his death, Sept. 5, 1854, aged 72. His widow, Lydia, who was a daughter of Dea. John Mott, died Aug. 29, 1855, aged 72. Jonathan, the youngest, and only surviv or of the family, is still a resident. Of the daughters, two, Mrs. Hayden and Mrs. Willard, were married in Mass., where they remained, I believe, while they lived. Sarah married Calvin, son of Dea. Jedediah Winslow. They went West at au early day. Mary, twin sister of Sarah, married Beta Farnham, and went to Canada. Two of their daughters remained, and married in this town. They are the wives of Dr. Fred erick Schofield, and Hiram Clark. Catharine married Lett Keeler, of Pitts ford. Experience married Silas Keeler, and Lois married Samuel Buell. The mother of this family married a sec ond time, to Nathan Flint, sen., both some what advanced in life at the time. She' died June 16, 1828, aged 89. ROGER STARKWBTHER was froifi Shaftsbury. He purchased of Thom as Tuttle, Oct. 13, 1784, for £30, 55 acres. Also from Nathan Daniels, Nov. 12, 1785, for £40, 55 acres. His house stood in the hollow on the road leading westerly from David M. June's. Here, where he made the first pitch, he continued till his death. May 12, 1812, aged 58. He served in the war of the Eevolution. He was very eccentric, which at times caused not a little merriment, especially by the sin gular manner and incongruous terma with which he was wont to expreaa himaelf. An inatance of this kind waa told by the late Dr. I. G., aa being literally true. The firat wife of Mr. S. died of consumption. Dr. G. was her phyaician, and visited hot oocaiiion- ally in the laat stages of her disease, to make her as comfortable aa poasible, although he despaired of her recovery. She died in the night time, and, according to the usual inter vals between the Doctor's visits, he would be expected the next morning, when Mr. S. kept a vigilant watch. At length he saw the Doctor, at the moment he made his appear ance ou the distant hill, when he ran into the road, swinging his hat, and hallooed at the top of his voice, " Doctor, yon needn't come any further; the jig's up, the woman's dead." He probably wished to save a part of the doctor's charge by atopping him on the way. I believe he waa supposed to feel his griefs aa othera do thoae of a like kind, but such waa hia odd way of showing it. ELISHA STARKWBTHER came here from Shaftabury. Hia first pur chase waa from Thomaa Tuttle, Feb. 1, 1785, for £35, of 55 acrea. He alao purchased of Eoger Starkwetlier, his brother, Nov. 12, 1785, for £40, 55 acres, "joining said Eli sha's land." These purchases included the Dea. Barns farm, now in possession of Lewis Barker, Esq. Mr. S. was the first to com mence on thia farm. SIMEON KINO made several purchases of small tracts of land; the firat waa of Obadiah Wells, July 7, 1785, for £30, 55 acres. Also of Eben ezer Squier, June 23, 1786, for £20, 38 acrea, "joining said King." Also other purchases. He married Mary, daughter of Capt. Jon athan Carver, author of " Carver's Travels." STEPHEN HALL, SEN., purchased first of Nathan Daniels, Oct. 12, 1785, for £ 30, 40 acres ; to which he added by subsequent purchasea, embracing a large portion of the farma aince owned by his sons, Stephen and Harvey. He had 4 children, three sons and one daughter, two of whom, Stephen and Harvey, are still residents. Ha died May 24, 1811, aged 49. DAVID HALL purchased of Joseph Hitchcock of Pittsford, July 2, 1791, for £50, 100 acres. Also, of John Tuttle, Doc. 2, 1795, for £90, 96 acres bounded on the weat line of Braudon. Ha sold to Nathan Jaokaon, May 7, 1796, and removed to Pittsford, where he died at an advanced age. David Hall, Esq., of Pitts- 450 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ford, a son, waa born in thia town. He haa recently deceased. CAPT. ABRAHAM GILBERT was from Nobletown, N. Y. His first pur chase was of Capt. Nathan Daniels, collector, Oct. 20, 1785, for £ 2 and 23,, tho whole right, except the first division, of Thomaa Barrett. He made several subsequent purchases. lie commenced on tbe place, where he continued during his life, known as the Locko farm, now in possession of Capt. A. Cook. The stage road was originally laid by this house, and Capt. Gilbert was the first post-master, which office ho held until hia death. His father, Moses, came to Brandon with him, and purchased a small tract lying on the east side of the road, nearly opposite the jiresent houae. He dedicated the burying- ground on the premises, still occasionally used aa auch, to the church wardens of the Episcopal church. He died in 1803, aged 81, and waa interred iu tha ground which he gave. Capt. Gilbert waa much employed in town business. Probably no other man performed more, except David June. He served as selectman 8 times, and in various other town offices. He died Nov. 3, 1807, aged 60. His death was suppoaed to be occaaioned by u. fall. His widow, Bethiah, died Nov, 25, 1830, aged 79. Richard, hia eldest son, came in possession of the premises, where he long resided. He went to the West sever.al years ago, and died recently. A sister of Eichard, widow of Simeon Chfford, is still living, now in her 82d year. She was first married to Edward, son of Dea. Edward Cheney, by whom she has two sons, Gilbert, and Col. Hale Cheney. FLINT FAMILY. Nathan Flint, sen., purchased of Capt. Nathan Daniela, collector, Oct. 20, 1785, sev eral parcels of land, to which ha added by subsequent purchases, including tho Potwino farm, on which ho commonood, and whore he remained till hia death, July 6, 1816, aged 82. Hia firat wife died Deo. 31, 17!)3, a^ed 55. Ho waa married a second time, to the widow of Timothy Goodenow. She di&d Juno 16, 1828, aged 89. Mr. Flint was ono of the original membara of the Congrega tional church in this town. Ephraim Flint, a aon of Nathan, pur chased of Capt. Nathan Daniels, Nov. 18, 1785, for £8, 50 acres, being the third divi sion on Phineaa Wilder. Also from Moses Gil bert, April 9, 1788, for £40, 30 acrea. Also of Joj|p Whelan, June 7, 1792, for £20, 20 acrea, comprising in all hia home-farm, which he occupied till his death. He waa the first to commence on this place, which is now in possession of Joseph Wetmore. He married Sarah, daughter of Jacob Simonda, Eaq., July 10, 1788, by whom he had 4 sons and 3 daughtera. He died from a cancer, com mencing on his heel, August 2, 1820, aged 58. His widow died Dec. 9, 1831, aged 65. Nathan Fltnt, jr., made his first pur chase of his brother Bphraim, June 4, 1786, for £ 6, of 34} acres, part of the third divi sion of Phineas Wilder. He also purchaaed of Ebr. Newell, then of Cambridge, N. Y, Dec. 22, 1759, for £100, 110 acres, on the right of Josiah Powers, jr. Also fifty acres of his father, being the third diviaion on Peter Wright. He was first to commence on this farm, now in possession of Martin Car lisle. He died Jan. 2, 1S42, aged 77. His first wife, Jerusha, (daughter of Stephen Durkee) died Feb. 3, 1839, aged 69. They had no children. Eoswell Flint, another son of Nathan, sen., commenced on the place afterwards, and for many years, in posseaaion of Wm. Dodge, jr. The latter sold it to Dea. Asahel June. Mr Flint went lo Phelpstown, N. Y. The other son of Nathan, senior, was William, long known by the cognomen of " Billy Flint." When a youth and without education or capital, he went to Upper Can ada, where ho became an extensive import ing merchant, accumulated a large fortune, and died al an advanced age. BENJAMIN HUELBUBT purchased of Eobert Mason, of Castleton, Nov. 9, 1785, for £60, 150 acres, in Sugar Hollow, now in possession of Joseph David son, Esq. He wivs first to commence on this farm, where he continued while he lived. AMASA POLLY was from Suffiold, Ct., and came here about the year 1785. He was a carpenter and joinor by trade, and said to be a good work man. He was one of the committee appoint ed by the town to build the first bridge over Otter creek, " near Capt. Daniels'," and near tha site of the present Blackmer bridge. He had 6 children, the laat 3 of whom were BEANDON. 451 born in this town. The first born here was in June, 1788. JOSHUA FIELD waa from Winchester, N. H. His firat pur chase waa from David Jacoba, Mar. 15, 1786, for £ 115, the firat division on Peter Wright, of 110 acres. His next purchase was of Jeptha Hill, Nov. 18, 1786, for £40, second division ou Ezekiel Powers, of 110 acres. Here he remained during his long life. He waa married several years before coming to this town, to Thankful Robins, sister of George and Aaron Robins. He had not only a mind of his own, but his metaphors and figures in illustration of his views were quite original. On one occasion, many years ago, the church having become disaffected with their minister for, among other causes, as suming to exercise, aa they believed, powers over the church not delegated to tha pastor, but, according to the Congregational order, reserved to the church. Mr. F., meeting the pastor, was asked hy him to state what the difficulties with him were ; when he frankly replied, " There are many; but one in partic ular is, we think you lordecue it over God' heritage.'' Father Fields, as he was wont to be called, was fully sustained in hia charge by an ecclesiastical council afterwards called, by which the pastor waa dismiaaed. Several of hia children and grand-children were married aud settled in town. He died Mar. 26, 1837, aged 91. Hia wife died July 1, 1832, aged 85. [A story is told of the deacon and wife: She hid the baby in the currant bushes when the deacon was going to take it lo be baptized. He was Congregationalist and she waa Baptist. So says a grandson. — Ed.] AVERY BROTHERS. Simeon, son of Charles Avery of Norwich, Ct., first purchased of Capt. Nathan Daniela, March 28, 1786, 55 acres on the right of Jonathan Eeed, for £35, lis. Ha after wards purchased, in company with John Curtiss aud Jamea Sawyer, of 0. Blake, for £ 100, one half of the forge and privilege in the village, Curtiss and Sawyer holding a quarter each, deed dated July 3, 1792. He had the principal management of this forge till his death, which was occasioned by a fall from his horse, Jan. 16, 1803. His widow became the third wife of Mr. Simeon Bigelow. Mr. Avery was an active business man. and held several officea, including that of aelectman, to which he waa choaen as early as 1787. Ha waa 43 years of age, Elijah, brother of the latter, had been a clerk in a store at Hartford, Ct. and he brought the first goods offered for sale in thia town. His goods were kept, for a lime, at the house of bis brother Daniel. But he opened a store soon after in the village, ou the site of the building since known as Katcham's store. Mr. Avery sold a " coat's cloth" to Jacob Farrington for $ 7.00 per yard, and took corn at 25 cents per bushel in part payment, being 28 bushels of corn for a yard of cloth. Daniel, another and younger brother, succeeded in the poasession of the farm on which the latter reaided during hia long life. He was married to Eunice Weeks, then of Salisbury, Feb. 6, 1793. She was a sister of the late John M. Weeks, Esq., of thattown, and also of the late Eev. Holland Weeks, who was once pastor of the Congregational Church at Pittsford. Mr. Avery was of a kind aud gentle spir it, of ardent piety, and an active and useful member ofthe Baptiat Church. He died Dec. 14, 1851, aged 83. His wife died the 7th of May before, aged 82. Stephen, the other brother resident iu town, purchaaed of Lorin Larkin, March 12, 1793i for £267 one half of the griat-mill and privileges in the village. He resided in town for several years, but at different pe riods. He was alao connected for some time in the woolen factory (Penfield's) at Pittsford. The mother, widow of Charles Avery, of Norwich, Ct., came to town with her sons. She married here, a second time, to David Hawley, and died October 25, 1796, aged 74. Mr. Hawley was the father of Dea. Joseph Hawley who was town clerk here for 19 years, and until he removed from the town. JOHN STILES purchased of Levi Fletcher, May 2, 1786, for £ 100, second division on Ephraim Sherman, of 110 acres, on the west side of the Creek. Hare he continued till his death. ALEXANDER BEEBE purchased of James Nichols, Nov. 4, 1786, for £33, 55 acres, and in 1790, of Dea. Eben'r Wooster, 30 acres, for £45. His houae stood north of Riley Hull's nearly op posite the " Dodge brick-yard." He owned one half of the " Strong's mills," which he 4"2 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAaAZINE. sold to Isaac Strong, April 27, 1790, for £ 130, including one half of 25 acres of land adjoining. JACOB SIMONDS came to thia town from Hampton, Ct., about tho year 1786. Three of hia daughters, the wives of Stephen Durkee, Amoa Cutler, and Dea, Moses Barns were married and settled here previoua to his coming. He had by two marriages, 6 eons and 12 daughtera, all of whom, but two sons, who died in infancy, lived to adult age and were married. Eight of the daughters and one son, Jacob, reaided in thia town until 1806 ; when the wife of Daniel June, jr., removed with her husband to Lyons, N. Y., where they are still living ; and in 1812, Jacob removed to the State of Ohio ; while the other seven who settled here, lived lo an advanced age and loft surviving children and many grand children in town. The other four daughtera, and three sons, also married, did not come heie to reside. Mr. Simonda had been much in public aervice in Connecticut, where he ia said to have been a justice of the peace for 28 years' consecutively. He was selectman here, and twice a representative to the general assem bly, iu the years, 1791-92, was also a jus tice of the peace for several years after he came here. He waa a merchant in Connect icut for many yeara, but relinquiahed the busineaa, and hia aon, Jacob, engaged in it after the family came here, he having the principal management of his father's busineas affairs, the latter then approaching his three score years and ten. Although thus ad vanced in age when he came here, yet he was soon appointed to various .and important publio positions, the duties of which ha dis charged for several years, and in a manner worthy of the trusts reposed in him, He was of fine personal .appearance, tall, well proportioned, and erect. His numerous chil dren, all of whom woro born in Connecticut, aro elsewhere noticed, and also their connec tions by marriage. He died Sept. 3, 1797, aged 78. His widow died Mar, 12 lS2li PHILIP JONES came from Stamford, Ct., about the year 1786. He mado several purchases, but the one on which he resided for a long period, and until hia death, ia now in poasession of Alvin B. Jones, hia aon, being the first division on the school right. This waa leased to him June 19, 1787, "for the term of 999 years, by the payment, on or before the first day of Janu ary, 1792, of £130, and the lawful interest, in neat cattle or grain, or pay the lawful interest annually on said sum, on the first day of January, in every year during said term, in grain or neat stock." He was also to clear, and make substantial fence, and seed three acrea a year, at least, for 5 years from the date of the lease, which waa exe cuted by Jedediah Winslow, Gideon Horton, John Mott, David Buckland, Edward Che ney, and Ephraim Strong, trustees for the school-land in said Brandon.'' He was a, blacksmith by trade, and had a trip-hammer shop below the Upper Falls, in the village. His wife was a sister of Fred erick Schofield, and also of the wife of Nathaniel Bacon. He built the two-story house, remodeled a few years ago, and fitted np for a store, and standing in the hne of stores next weat of the Messrs. Eoaa. There were but two buildings two stories high, in the village, east of the bridge, when this house was erected by Mr. Jones. JACOB FARRINGTON was from Kings, Columbia Co., N. Y. He purchased of Asa Eddy, of Clarendon, March 3, 1787, for £225, 120 acres; joining on Gideon Horton, Joseph Barker and Timothy Buckland. Eddy had purchased this place, a few months previous, of Capt. Thomas Tuttle, who commenced upon it. It ia now in poasession of Franklin Farrington, Esq., a grandson of Jacob, having continued in possession of the family for more than 73 years. Mr. F. made several purchases, at subsequent times. He died March 13, 1808, agi'd 79. His widow, Abigail, died Oct. 21, 1S24, aged 93. He had 3 sons, and 4 daugh ters. Edward came in possession, and sold to hia brother, Capt. Daniel, Feh. 2, 1796, for .£t>00, "all tha landa said Edward, or his lather Jacob owned." Edward married Pol ly, daughter of Simeon King. He went to Colchester, where he died. Capt. Daniel, who is still liying, has now resided here for more than 73 years. He waa born May 31, 1773; was married Brst time, Feb. 7, 1796, to Lois, daughter of the late Ebenezer Drury, of Pitts¬ford She died Dec. 4. 1841, aged 65. He married BEANDON. 453 a second time ; his present wife is a daughter of the late Josiah Eossiter. He was lieutenant of a company of militia, stationed on the lines for the enforcement of the embargo. While in this service he was ordered to proceed with a file of men up the Onion (or Winooski) river from Burlington, and seize a boat, the " Black Snake," suspect ed of being engaged in smuggling goods from Canada, up the Lake. He found and took possession of the boat, which he ordered to be rowed down stream, when he was soon hailed from the bushes on shore, and forbidden to take the boat, accompanied with threats of shooting if he did not desist, &c.; to which he replied, that his orders were to take the boat, and he should obey them; when they fired and killed one of his men, Drake, who had a moment before changed places with Capt. F., the latter taking the helm, when he immedi ately directed the boat to the shore from whence the shot camS7 and, while landing, was fired upon hy a large piece, which car ried aeveral bullets, killing two men, and wounding Capt. F. in three places ; two, severely. He kept his prize, however, and his assailants were afterwarda arrested, and Dean, the leader, hung.* He was a Captain, and served in the war of 1812. ThiezA, a daughter of Jacob, was married to Maj. Gideon Horton, jr., Aug. 14, 1788. They removed to Hubbardton in 1808, where- they died. SAMUEL BUBNELL, ESQ., was from Woodstock, Ct. He purchased of Nathaniel Child, Mar. 5, 1787, for £75, "silver money," the whole right of Samuel Pool, an original proprietor. He waa a rea- ident of the town for more than half a cen tury; was many years an acting justice of the peace; was twice a selectman ; and rep resented the town in the General Assembly 3 years. He was a member of the Congrega tional church 45 years, and until hia death, which occurred July 5, 1838, aged 80. His widow died May 23, 1849, aged 89. STEPHEN TUCKER purchased of Nathaniel Child, of Woodstock, Ct., for £75, 110 acres of land. Mar. 5, 1787, on which he commenced. This land ia a part of the present farm of Dea. Aaa Burnell. Mr. Tucker had 3 sona and 3 daughters. • See Vol. II, pp. 312-347. The youngest, Luther, born May 7, 1802, ia the well known editor and publisher of agri cultural papers and works in the State of New York. SAMUEL TUCKER purchased from Nathaniel Sheldon, for £ 40, 55 acres of land, " near the town plat, being the south part of the lot George Eobins for merly lived on." This ia where George aud Aaron Eobina were killed by the Indiana, in 1777, and is part of the present farm of N. T. Sprague, jr. DEA. EBENEZER WOOSTER purchased of Caleb Hendee, Apr. 2, 1787, for £ 100, 110 acres, described by metea and bounds. Thia embraced the farm which afterwards came into posseaaion of James Whelan, and where the latter resided till his death. It ia now in poaaeasion of William Kimball, lying north of, and adjoining to Joseph Dutton. Dea W. was the first to commence on this place, where he remained till he exchanged with Mr. Whelan, for the farm now in possession of Eilay Hull, where he continued till his death, Jan. 21, 1813, aged 65. Hia. wife died Jan. 24, 1813, aged 69. They both died of the epidemic which prevailed so extensively, and was so fatal during that winter. Their deaths occurred, aa is seen, within three days of each other. Dea. Cheney, of the Baptist church, formerly the nearest neighbor of Deacon W., died the same day of Mrs. Wooster. Deacon Woos ter, and Deacon Joaeph Hawley, who waa so long towu clerk, were chosen deacons of the Congregational church at the same time, and were the first chosen, after they had settled a pastor, 1792. Dea. W. continued in this office till his death ; Dea. Hawley, until he removed from town, in 1809. MERRIAM BROTHERS. Dea. David Merriam waa a native of Concord, Maas. He came here from Wal- pole, N. H. He purchased. Mar. 13, 1787, of Ezekiel Powers, for "£45, silver money," one half of the firat diviaion on Benjamin Powers of 55 acres. Alao of David Stevens, for £ 70, May 11, 1787, the first division on John Cumminga, of 110 acres. He was the first to commence on this lot, which then included the present place of Capt. David Merriam, his son, and ia now the model farm of John Jackson.* He was by trade a hatter, * Deceased. — Ed. 454 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and the first of that calling in town ; waa said to be an excellent workman, but relin quiahed hia trade, and pursued farming dur ing much the larger portion of his life. He was repeatedly chosen as selectman, and to various other town offices, and was a deacon of the Congregational Church for a long period. He was a man of an uncommonly mild and quiet temperament, and his death waa aa placid, aa his life had been peaceful. He waa twice married ; the name of his first wife was Phebe Foster. Ilia youngest son by this marriage was the late Dr. Isaac F. Merriam, who was also the oldest of hia chil dren born in this town. His second wife was Betsey Conant, a, sister of Johu Conant, Esq., by whom he had several children, who are mentioned under the head of births. His first wife died April 7, 1794, aged 30. Hia last wife died June, 1842, aged 67. He died Feb. 15, 1849, aged 89. Dea. Jonathan Merriam, brother of Dea. David, purchased of Gideon Horton, sen., Apr. 4, 1795, for £280, 270 acres, which comprised his homestead while he lived, and since hia death haa been in possession, till recently, of Dea. Jacob Powers. It is now the property of Hon. E. N. Briggs. Judge Hiram Horton was the first lo commence on this place, where ha remained some 5 or 6 years, and where he kept the records during the 3 years he was town clerk. Deacon M. died Mar. 26, 1826, aged 62. He was an active and useful member of the Baptist church, of which he was for a long time, and until his death, a deacon. He waa selectman several years, and held various other town offices. His wife was a sister of John Conant, Esq. Two of his sons, Isaac and Jonathan, became Baptist ministers. Benjamin Merriam, a brother of Dea. Jonathan, was a merchant, and came here about the year 1791. He first kept his goods at the house of hia brother, David. His first purchase waa of several small lota in tho vil lage, March, 1793. He also purchased of Col. Jamea Sawyer, April 15, 1796, for £ 170, " ono acre in the village, one cornor of which ia four rods from tho S. W. corner of aaid Sawyar'a atoro." He married Sally Kendall, Deo. 7, 1797, by whom ho had two sona and two daughtera born in town. Ho removed to Malono, N. Y. VINTON BARNEa purchased of Hiram Horton, Apr. 2, 1788, for £ 30, 82 J acres of land, lying on the old stage road, and joining on the north, the aouth line of Leiceater, now the farm of Jo-cph P. Durant. He had a aon and daugh ter born in town. He went to Pittaford aev eral years ago, whence, after remaining a few years, he removed to Canada, where it ia said he became a wealthy farmer. He waa the first to commence on this farm. CASE COOK commenced on a tract of land lying south of the Arnold hollow, and adjoining the Avery farm. His first purchase was of Nathan'l Shel don, Apr. 19, 1788, of 110 acres for £ 24. He also purchased of Jona. Parker, for £26, 110 acrea, Nov. 24, 17S8. He married Abigail, a, sister of Mr. Daniel Avery. He was a man of more than ordinary gifts, and much respected as a Christian and citizen ; waa an active and uaeful member of the Congregational church, with which he and his wife united in 17-85, the same year it was organized. He was one ofthe selectmen for the first 3 years after the town was organized. He sold to Nathaniel Fisk, sen., Nov. 26, 17S8, the home farm of Nathaniel Fisk, jr., where the latter died at an advanced age. Mr. Cook removed to the West. THADDEUS COLLINS purchased of Dea. David Misrriam, his broth er-in-law, June 14, 1788, for £ 50, 50 acres, being the present farm of Capt. David Merri am, then " wild laud." He sold thia place to Nathaniel Harris for s 600, Oct. 10, 1798, and removed lo the West. J.\BEZ LYON was from Woodstock, Ct. He purchased of Nathaniel Montague, ^lav 1, 17S7, for £13, the whole right of David Spofl'ord, embrac ing the well-known Lyon farm. Here where he commenced, ho remained for 56 years, and until his death. He had 3 sons and 7 daughters. The last four of his children ware born in this town. The eldest of the daughters, Hannah, widow of Samuel Capron, still lives at her homestead with her son Chauncy, who has now the possession. Nan cy, the widow of Lyman Farr, resided in town till 1860, when she removed to Indiana. Lucy, the youngest, wife of Samuel B. Spaul ding, remains in town. The other daughtera, except one, Polly, who died single, all left town at different periods after their mar riage, as also did the sons. BEANDON. 455 Mr. Lyon was a uniform attendant on publio worship, at the Congregational church ; and although he resided ' three miles or more from the place of meeting, he almost always came on foot, doubtless from choice, using a long cane and wearing spectacles. He was always sure, too, to he ou time. This practice he continued, although not a mem ber of the church, until some time after he had passed his threescore years and ten. He died, March 16, 1843, aged 87. His wife died, March 25, 1837, aged 80. SOLOMON TRACY was from Walpole, N. H. He purchased of Jedediah Winslow, Sept. 9, 1788, for £ 25, 75 acres, joining on John Stiles, over the Creek. He afterwards purchased of Elisha Strong, jr., for £ 24, 30 acrea, " part of the farm John Stiles lives on.'' He made several other purchases in different parts of the town, to some of which he afterwarda removed. He had 3 sona and 4 daughtera, all but the eld- eat were born in thia town. JOHN m'collom waa a native of Scotland, a soldier iu Wolfe's army. He remained in thia country and aet- tled at Stamford, Ct., from whence he came to thia town. He married Mary, daughter of Peter June, and sister of David, then of Stamford, by whom he had 5 sona aud 4 daughters. He settled on the lot since known as the Samuel Gray farm, now in poa aeasion of Stephen June. This lot was pur chased of David June, hy David M'Collam, son of John, Sept. 19, 1788, for £60, being the second division on David Powers, of 106 acres, exoepting one half of the mill privi lege, and one half of the pine timber thereon. On the 29th of December after, David sold, for £ 30, to his father, 50 acres of thia pur chaae. Mr. M'Collam was a man of strong mind, fond of reading, and of extraordinary memory. His familiarity with the Scrip tures was auch that he waa conaidered about equal to a concordance in the readineaa with which he could refer to any given passage. Henry, the eldest son of John, reaided aev eral yeara iu thia town where his two eldest children were born, but he removed to Pitta ford many yeara ago, where he remained till hia death. David, above named, built the saw mill, since known aa Wood's, and now aa Jonea' mill, in 1794, from which time, a mill has been in operation there. David M'Collam waa conatable of the town about 10 yeara. He had 4 sons, and 3 daughters, born here. He went to the West several yeara ago. Eli, another son of John, died at his homestead, adjoining on the north to the late Edward Fisk. SOLOMON SOPER purchased of Jedediah Winslow, Deo. 21, 1789, for £ 11, the first division on the right of Nathaniel Eusaell, also of the same, for £ 32 " J of the Forge, or Iron works and priv ileges in the village," Also of Phihp Bacon, Oct. 29, 1790, for £ 130, 55 acres, being part of the farm of the late Capt. Nathaniel Par menter, and where the latter resided till his death. He is supposed to have come here aa early aa 1786. He had two children born here, the first, June 5, 1787. He traded sev eral years, at the village, near the Ketch- am store. He left towu. PRINCE SOPER came here from Dorset, was a brother of Solomon, and came to town somewhat later. He resided some yeara in the village, in the house built by Joseph Larkin, and standing nearly on the site of the present brick house of Josiah Eossiter. He kept a tavern here, the only one in the village. He afterwards resided for many years, and until hia death, on a small farm north of David M, June. COL. JAMES SAWYER came to this town about the year 1790. He was a merchant and a man of much enter prise and intelligence, had been, I believe, a captain in the United States service. He was twice chosen a selectman, and once town clerk, also, to several trusts in town during the few years he was a resident here. He went to Burlington where he remained till his death,* Ho had two aona and one daughter born here. Both of the sona, James Lucius and Frederick Augustus, graduated at Burling ton college. REV. ENOS BLISS purchased of Lorin Larkin, Nov. 13, 1792, for £ 62, 16 shillings, 16J acres of land, bounded on the north by the south line ot the street, leading from Lorenzo Kimball's to Samuel B. Spaulding's brick store, and em bracing abont that amount of frout on the » See Vol. I. page 497. 456 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE north. Ho waa the fiist minister settled by tbe Congregational church society. JESSE I'EOUT. waa originally from Norwich, Ct,, where hi-^ eldest child, a daughter, was born. May 28, ]7,S1. Ilia next four children were born at New Milford, Ct,, fiom which latter place he came to this town about Iho year 1792, He had two Bona, Johu and Sherman, twina, born hero, June 21, 1793. John Prout, Eaq., attorney and counsellor at law at Rutland, ia a son of John, above named. Mr. Prout waa by trade a blacksmith, which busineas he followed till his death. JOSIAH PARMENTER, ESQ., was from Northfield, Mass. Hia first pur chase waa of John Dodge, Jan. 27, 1791 ; for £ 15, of one acre, in the village, near Curtia' mills. Also, of Hiram Horton, Mar. 29, 1794; for £14, one acre, joining said Hi ram's home-lot Also, from Daniel Webb, for £ 30, one acre with buildings thereon. The last two purchases embraced hia houae lot. He waa by trade a tanner, but relinquiah ed it in a, few yeara after coming to tins town. He married Sarah, daughter of Josh ua Field, Mar. 28, 1797. She was a niece of the Eobina' who were killed in town by the Indiana in 1777. He had 7 daughtera hut no aons. 3 daughtera survive him and reside here. He was for many )»ears an acting justice of the peace, in which capacity he performed a large proportion of the buisnesa, when there waa much more sueing than at this day. Ho waa an upright magistrate, ahrewd and cautious in hia business, temperate in his habits. CAPT. NATHAN PARMENTER was from Northfield, Mass., and a brother of Josiah. He waa. a tanner and shoemaker, which trades he pursued somewhat exten sively for several years, most of tho time, near the bridge, in the village. I believe hia first works wore aome 50 rods below the furnace. He built the two-story house in tha village, now owned by N. T. Sprague, jr., which waa the residence, for many years, of the lato Daniel Pomeroy, and after him of John Jackson, Esq., where the latter re sided till his death. It has heen familiarly known for several yeara aa the Palmer house. There wero but 8 two-story houses in towu when this was built. Capt. Parmenter relinquished the tanning buainesa manv 3'eara ago, and became a suc cessful farmer." He died Jan. 15, 1857, aged 81. DANIEL POMEROY came here in 1794. His firat purchase was of John Curtis, Dec. 1, 1794, for £55, f of an acre, with a houae, ahop and horse-shed thereon. This was in tbe village and near the falls. Ha also purchased water-power of the same piarty sufficient for a fulling- mill, but " not to injure the grist-mill or saw-mill." He made various other pur chases in subsequent years. He was a cloth ier by trade, which business he pursued for many yeara. In 1704, he was one of the original mem bers of the Methodist church here, and dur ing his life was most exemplary and efficient in that denomination. He waa town clerk 4 years, from 1811 to 1S14 inclusive, and repreaentative to the General Assembly 4 yeara, from 1823 to 1826. He was a man of moderate talents, but of good common sense and iindoubted in- ti-'grity. He had 6 sons and 3 daughters, all chil dren b}' bis first wife, he having been twice married. He died April 7, 1S43, aged 73. SOLOMON HINES was from Greenwich, Mass. He purchased of James McGregor, Jan. 27, 1795, for £360, the governor's lot, so called, of 500 acres. Also of Willard Seaton, the 24th of April following, for £200, 162J acres, on sev eral rights. Mr. Hines built the first mills, since called Brezee's mills, where ha met with a fall, which was supposed to be the cause of his death the following year. He w.as a man of enterprise, and gave tiromise of being a useful inhabitant of the town, but was suddenly cut off, after a brief resi dence, April 28, 17i'8, aqed 48, BENAJAH DOUGLAS, FSQ., is supposed to have been a native of Han cock, Mass., as lour of his elder children wore born there. He came to this town from Ballfiton, N. Y,, in 1795; purchased of Caj.t. Nathan Daniels, for the consideration of £625, several tracts of land, amounting in the whole lo 390 acres, including the Douglas farm, since known as the Blackmer firm, deed dated July 23, 1795. He was much in public business for the BEANDON. 457 first 15 years of his residence in town, hav ing been chosen five times during that period to represent the town in the General Assem bly, and as many times a selectman ; he was alao a justice of the peace for many years. He waa a leading member of the Methodist church, and one of the founders of that church in this town. He was a man of much self-confidence and buoyancy of spirits — waa alwaya ready in meetinga, " open to remarka," with a "word of exhortation at least; indeed he waa rather giv en to " much apeaking." He had a vein of humor which he did not alwaya restrain within due bounds. On one occasion he ex hibited a specimen of irony which greatly amused many of his hearers. This was at a union meeting of different denominations of Christians. One of the speakers who had the reputation of being uncommonly bigoted in his views, had dwelt with much earnestness on the virtue of charity toward all true Christians, &c., and closed by saying that whatever might be his other failings, he could claim for himself to be a man of chari ty toward Christians of all denominations ; which last remark produced a good many wry faces. Mr. D. immediately rose, and aa it was hia habit when apeaking to atand with his face a little upturned, and when pausing between sentences, to drop hia chin slightly, he now excited attention immediate ly by looking directly to the floor, when he commenced hy aaying, in substance, that mankind he had thought differed about as much in their characters and dispositions aa they did in their looks. Some were cheerful, othera sad ; some looked on the bright side, while othera were in the habit of looking on the dark side of everything ; others again were of a light and trifling make ; hut Chris tians he thought should alwaya appear to be serious minded, carefully avoiding all levity in their life and conversation ; that for hia part he claimed to be a man of sobriety. Thoae who knew the partiea uuderatood well the design of the latter, and enjoyed the keen though jnat rebuke. He had nine children ; the firat four were born at Hancock, Maas. The next two at Ballaton, N. Y., and the last three at Bran don, aa noticed under the head of births. His eldest son was Stephen Arnold, a phy sician, who had poor health for several years, by reason of which he practiced but little in hia profeaaion. He died instantly and without premonition, on the first day of July, 1813, aged 31, while sitting in his chair and holding an infant son, born the 23d day of April before. That son waa Steph en A. Douglaa, the well known senator of the United States. In his person, Esq. D. was scarcely of middling height, large head and body, with short neck and limbs. As a, neighbor he was much esteemed for his kind and accom modating disposition. He waa married a 2d time late in life, and died Oct. 2, 1829, aged 69. JOSHUA BASOOM purchased of Solomon Hines, Sept. 20, 1795, for £ 140, 100 acrea of land, being part of the "Governor'a lot," Mr. -B. waa firat to commence on thia place, and was killed by the fall of a tree which he was chopping, June 15, 1797, aged 28. His widow married the Rev. Increase Graves, of Bridport. Thia farm waa afterwarda sold to Dea. Asa Black mer, then of Pittsford, (Oct. 4, 1805), who occupied it till he purchased the Douglas farm. It is now owned by Jesse Hines. ZEPHANIAH HACK, from Greenwich, Mass., purchaaed of Solo mon Hines, Dec. 2, 1795, for £100, 125 acres, being part of the Governor'a lot, ex cepting the mill (Brezee's) privilege. Here Mr. Hack continued until his death, July 22, 1847, aged 83. ARZA TRACY was from Hampton, Ct., where he married Eunice, daughter of Samuel Cutler, brother of Amoa, and came to this town about 1795. He had 2 aona and 2 daughters ; the last three of his children were born in this town. He was a carpenter and joiner, a worthy man, and was at the head of hia calling in that day. Hia wife'a mother waa a daugh ter of Jacob Simonda, Esq. SALMON FARR, SEN., came from Leicester to this town. Hia firat purchase was of Nathaniel Sheldon, Feb. 25, 1796, for £320, 100 acrea, comprising the Farr farm, now in possession of Pascal Gibbs. Sheldon was the firat to commence on this place. Mr. Farr made additional purchases at subsequent times. He died Jan. 13, 1834, aged 77. SILAS KEELER was last from Chittenden. He obtained a 458 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. lease Sept. 23, 1796, of Hiram Horton, Jamea Sawyer and Moaea Barnea, selectmen of the firat division on the Propagation right — 100 acrea, for the term — " aa long as wood grows or water runa." Here he resided till his death, August 16, 18'1-'), aged 73. He married Experience, daughter of Timothy Goodnow, by whom he had 10 children ; 7 sona and 3 daughters. His wife died Sept. 3, 1843, aged 66. SETH KEELER came from Chittenden about the year 1796. He was a hatter, by trade, and served hia apprenticeship with Dea. David Merriam. lie waa three times married ; tha first time to Fanny, daughter of Eul'ua Carver, and grand-daughter of Capt. Jonathan Carver, by whom he had 9 children, (and one by a second marriage.) Hia eldest, Seth Harrison, graduated at Middlebury College, and al Andover, and has been long settled aa pas tor of a Congregational church in Maine. Hia subsequent marriages are elsewhere noticed. He died Sept. 13, 1850, aged 74. DEA. JOHN ARNOLD came from Clarendon. He purchased of Abner Buckland, 60 acres, — part of the "Arnold hollow," for £220, deed dated Feb. 6, 1798. Dea, Arnold once represented the town, was a selectman and for several years a jus tice of peace. He was deacon of the Bap tist church. He died May 9, 1829, aged 6S. CALEB ARNOLD, brother of John, purchased of Abner Buck- land, for £300, 110 acres adjoining his brother John, and comprising tha "Arnold hollow." His deed is dated Nov. 2-3, 1800. NATHANIEL HARRIS purchased of Thaddeus Collins, Oct. 10, 1798, for ^ GOO, 60 acres, tho present farm of Capt, David Merriam. Tho moat remarkable mortality that has ever been known in Brandon occurred in this family. The cases wore aa follows : Sarah, died July 12, 1S03, aged 2J- yeara,- Eobecca, July 17, aged li yeara, those died of dysentery ; M.ay 2, 1805, Matilda, aged 10; May 4, Nabby, 16; May 9, Lucinda, 13; May 21, Otia, 19, The last four died of scarlet fever, and, as seen, within 19 days of each other. Eichard, a son, traded several years in tho village, and until hia death. Hia store waa on the aite of the present dwelling-houae , of Mrs. Dr. Merriam. His widow resides in the village with her aon-in-law. Dr. C. L. Case. REV. EBENEZER HEBARD commenced preaching as candidate for settle ment by the Congregational church and so ciety, May 12, 1799, and was ordained Jan. 1, 1800. He was a man of more than ordi nary talents, for, without a liberal education, he sustained himself as preacher and pastor for more than 21 yeai-s, and until within the last few years, much to the acceptance of the people, and it waa not on account of any waning of hia gifta aa a preacher that he waa dismiaaed, but from other causes. He was a man of strong passions, ardent in his friendships, and implacable toward his supposed enemies. In the latter category he was prone to include those who did not readily accord with his own views in mere matters of expediency in relation to church affairs. He was, unfortunately, too much inclined to the exercise of prelatical powera rather than those that pertain to the pastor ate of a Congregational church. A single case may be mentioned as an illustration. A labor was commenced with him by a mem ber of the Church, growing out of a dispute between them as to the line of their lands, which adjoined. When the comfJaint waa presented to the church, the usual vote waa called for, as to whether the complaint should be received, "when there appeared a tie ; the moderator then gave the casting vote in the negative, so it was voted not to receive the labor.'' The record from which I quote is in the band-writing of the moder ator, who was himself the party to the complaint. Of the merits of the complaint I know nothing. It is due to his memorv, however, to say, that the church wa^ greatly prospered and increased during the earlier part of his min istry, and but for the peculiar traits in his character lo which I have alluded, and which became more and more prominent during the last years of his ministry here, his connection with that church, long as it had been, would probably have continued many yeara. He was dismissed by mutual council, of which tbe late Eev. Thomaa A. Merrill, D.D., was moderator, and the Hon.' Samuel Swift, scribe, Sept. 7, 1821. BEANDON. 459 In his person, Mr. Hebard was tall, stout built, and of dark complexion. He was once returning from a store in the village, where he had heen at an early hour in the morning to procure a broom, when passing G , the miller, with whom he occasion ally exchanged a joke, the latter saluted him with — " good morning, Mr. Hebard, you have had good luck to sell 'em all out but one ao early in tho morning," Thia was an allusion to hia color, as Indians occasionally sold brooms in the place. He went to the State of Ohio, where he died. ELAM GILBERT came to this town toward the close of the last century. He reaided for a time on the south side of the creek, and alao in the vil lage. He had 3 aona and one daughter born in town. The eldest, Lyman, waa horn June 13, 1798, graduated at Middlebury College, and at Andover ; was settled aa pastor of the Congregational church at Weat Newton, Mass, in 1828, received the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1850. He married Marian, daughter of the late Hon. William Jackson of Newton, formerly, and for several years, member of Congress from that district. WALTER SESSIONS came to town about the year * . He first settled on the farm now in possession of John Mo Connell, whose dwelling-house for merly stood some 40 rods north-east from its present site, on the old stage-road, as origi nally laid and travelled hy Mr. Schofield's and Capt. Gilberts. When the road was changed to nearly a straight line from Dea. Mott's to the saw-milla, as it now runa, Mr. S. moved and fitted up the preaent houae for a, tavern, which he kept aa such for several years. Said some one to Uncle Walter, "you have probably drank a barrel of rum." "Good G — d," replied he, "eay that meeting- houae full." He was the next poatmaater, (after the death of Capt. Gilbert, who waa the first to hold the office in town), until the location was changed to the village, previous to which time Mr. S. kept the office at this house. He dealt for a time, and somewhat largely, in cattle, purchaaing droves for the Canada * Probably before 1800. See notice of Stearns' Fam ily.— £d. and other markets. He finally, at an ad vanced age, went to Western New York, to reside with a son, where he died. JONATHAN STEABNS, SE^., was from Hardwick, Maaa. He came here early in the present century ; and although a little later than the period to which it was intended to limit these personal notices, in cluding thoae only who wore reaidenta here before the oloae of the last century ; still, the peculiar manner of his death, and that of hia wife would aeem to justify thia depar ture from the rule. Mr. S. reaided on the farm, adjoining on the aouth, to Sugar Hol low, his houae standing on the north aide of the road leading from Sugar Hollow to Brandon Village, and long occupied since, and until his death, by Daniel Noyea. Mr. Stearna and hia wife were the first two cases of what w,as commonly termed the 'winter fever,' that dreadful epidemic of 1812-13, which was so extensively fatal, espeoially to the adult portion of ita aubjects. They were attacked, however, in April, 1812, and with aymptoms precisely like those which attended the caaea when the disease first appeared as an epidemic, in Dec, after. They both died — Mr. S. the 7th, and Mrs. S. the llth of April — and within about 3 days of their attack. These were the only caaea of the kind that occurred in thia town, until the month of December following, when it prevailed and waa extensively fatal for about 4 months. Their death was deeply lamented, not only by their family but by their neighbora, and thoae who had become acquainted with them. MAJOR JONATHAN STEARNS, long known and much respected as a mer chant and manufacturer of extensive busi ness at Malone, N. Y., ia a aon. He went there from thia town while in his minority, carrying his effects in a pack, and on foot. A daughter of Mr. Stearna, sister of tho above, waa the wife of the late Paul Field. She died Sept. 8, 1851, aged 61. Mr. Field died from an injury by the hook of an ox, Oct. 21, 1834, aged 55. They left 3 sons and 4 daughtera, the latter all married. Three of them the wives of Messrs. S. D. Wing, John Barker, and Alfred Knapp. Two of the sona, Stearna J. and Paul Burgesa,* havo * Paul Burgess retains the farm of his father, but resides with his lamily at Brandon village. Stearns J., also now married, has purchased the late Ford placo where he now resides. — Ed, 460 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. for a few yeara paat been largely engaged in the lumbering business, at the West. The other son, George, resided in Whiting, JOHN LULL commenced on tha farm now comprising a part of tho preaent homestead of Butler A. Goodrich. Ho married Deborah, daughter of Doa. Jedediah 'VVinslow, by whom ho had several children. He and his wife both died here. His children emigrated to the West. [It is fitting that some notice of the writer of this history should here be inserted, and the following biographical sketch is con densed from an elaborate paper, read by Rev, Bernice D. Ames, A. M., before the Vermont Historical Society, at its special meeting in Burlington, Jan. 22, 18G2.] HON. ANDERSON GREEN DANA, M. D., LL- D., was born Sept. 17, 1791, at the homestead called Oak Uill, in that part of Cambridge which now conatitutea the town of Newton, Mass. Hia father waa Eev. Nathan Dana, a Baptiat clergyman of such liberal views, that, on one occasion, be received tbe holy communion with a Methodist church; and when he was called to account for the irregu larity, he would only confess ih-.U " if he had grieved his brethren, he was sorry for it." After preaching many 3'ears in Massachu setts, ha accepted a call to the ministry in this State, and brought with him an estimable wife, with the younger members of his fam ily, among whom was the subject of this notice. When 18 years of ago, young Dana com menced the study of medicine, and having passed through the usual preliminary course of study, in October, 1812, he entered upon the annual course of lectures at the Philadel phia Medical College, which than numbered among its professors Dr. Benjamin Eush, Dr. Philip Syng Physic, Dr, Barton, and others of almost equal celebrity. He left Philadel phia in the following February, and visited the hospitals in Boston, to acquire a practi cal knowledge of surgery. Returning to this, his adopted State, die commenced prac tice with Dr. Green, in tho spring of 1813. In July, 1813, accordin.g to the custom of those times, he was publicly examined and licensed by the "First Medical Society of Vermont,' located at Eutland, at which time be road a dissertation on "Injuries of the Head." When the Vermont Medical Society was incorporated on tha 6th of November following. Dr. Dana was one of those named in the act of incorporation. Of this society he waa elected president, at the annual meet ing in 1843, and re-elected in l.'<14, on which ocoaaion he delivered an address. Ho was several times appointed delegate of this society to the American Medical Association, of which body he was made a permanent member, at its annual meeting in Boston, in 1849. He was repeatedly ap pointed a Counsellor of Eutland County and delegate to Castleton Medical College; and on the organization of a hospital department of that college, was chosen its first president. In 1830, he received the honorary degree of M. D. from Middlebury College. On the llth of Aug., 1816, Dr. Dana m.ir- ried .Miss Eliza A. Fuller, daughter of Eoger Fuller, Esq., of Brandon, and a descendant of one of the Pilgrims of the "Mayflower," whose literary productions have also associ ated ber name with the poetical writers of her sex. Mr. Dana brought to the profession of which he waa a member, a, mind of rare abilities, whoae quick perceptions, yet calm and careful judgments, were reQpgnized in the most trying emergencies. His presence at the bedside of the sick gave that kind'of satisfaction which perfect confidence inspires. — often kindling hopes which his practised eye could not encourage, but meeting the-just expectations of others with all the aid which human skill and sympathy could afford. In his intercourse with his medical breth ren, whom he often met in consultation, he observed the usual courtesies with an in-tinc- tive delicacy, as free from conventional re straint as it was from all appearance of o.s- tentation. There was an intelligence and sobriety in his proceedings befitting the grav est occasions, accompanied by a naturalness and evident good will which served to disarm all rivalry, and win the friendship, as well as confidence, of his associates. But he was a man of varied acquirements in other departments than those pertaining lo hia profession. And his influence upon the legislation and politics of the State, and upon all public measures affecting the welfare ot the people, was wiselv exerted and widely felt. As a recognition of his scholarship, he re ceived from iliddlebury College, in 1860, the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. He olten presided over public meetings; and, as a speaker, could secure the attention of an audience upon any subject be chose to discuss. Entering directly upon its merits, he would proceed with logical precision, apt illustration, or amusing anecdote, and, when occasion required, by a reference to author ities and an appeal to facts, wdiich no one would venture to dispute who knew the ac curacy of his memory. This facility in speaking did not tend to remove a natural distaste for writing; and although a good correspondent, and for many Years an occasional contributor to the press, he wrote but few addresses. The last of theso was written for the Agricultural Fair held in Brandon some five years ago. Owing to his illness at the time, it waa read to the Society by Judge June, and afterwards printed. Originally educated in the Federal school BEANDON. 461 of politics, he acted with the Whig party, and subsequently, in a more restricted sense. with the Republicans ; oonaidering that theae partiea had inherited, in succession, the gen eral spirit and policy of the "fathers," and especially that they were more conservative than their political opponents. He was a politician in the proper sense and of the most unaelfiah kind ; actuated by no personal intereats, and adopting opinions whose wisdom and consistency were sustained even amid adverse popular currents, with a steadiness and devotion worthy of an enlight ened patriotism. Prohably, he waa never an applicant for office, and only twice a candidate for the suffrages of his fellow-citizens — in 1840 and 1841 — when he waa elected to the State Senate. On entering that body, his famil iarity with legislative proceedings enabled him to take a leading part in the huaineas and debatea of the two sessions which he at tended. In person he waa tall and well-propor tioned ; and auch waa the atrength of his constitution, that " his physical and mental endurance were almost inexhaustible." He waa generally buoyant in spirit, and digni fied, though cordial, in manner. In 1853, Dr. Dana waa seized with an or ganic affection of the heart, which suddenly prostrated him to apparent death. He had been spending a few hours in Castleton, and, about to return, was walking rather hastily at the time, in company with Dr. Goldsmith, to take the cars. The immediate use of remedies restored him to consciousness ; and although his death was announced by tele graph, he was able to reach home tha follow ing day. 'This attack was followed by several othera ; and he was obliged to relinquiah all active practice to hia aaaociate. Dr. Olin G. Dyer, to adopt an ahatemioua diet, avoid phyaical exercise, except that of riding in pleasant weather; and to suppress all mental excite ments and emotions tending to increase the action of the heart. He was, however, for some yeara. President of the Eutland and Addiaon County Insur ance Company ; and he afterwarda collected a large amount of material, and had nearly written a hiatory of Brandon, embracing all the original granta and grantees, the organ ization of churches and schools, and notices of more than one hundred of the pioneers who settled there prior to the year 1800. In aeveral departments, this hiatory ia more elaborate and complete than the history of any other town in Vermont which I have yet seen. During the period of comparative retire ment above referred to, his mind waa unim paired and cheerful, though perfectly aware of hia critical condition. He had long been a conaiatent member of the Congregational church; and though for the last 8 years almost entirely prevented from attending meetings of any kind, his religious character grew 'orighter, and his experience more ab sorbing. Always disposed to bear his own troubles quietly, he now appeared patient in sufl'aring, peculiarly affectionate in manner, and en couraging to others, as their soUcitude for him increased. Probably the last few years were really the happiest of his mature life. He was disposed to overlook the failures, and magnify the kindnesses of others ; and as he got into such harmony with all the world as would tend to increase its attractions, he seemed the mora prepared and willing to leave it. He met his death on the 20th of Aug., 1861, after an illness of three days, perfectly conscious of every stage of its approach, yet free from alarm, — with the simplicity of a child, and the assured hope of the Christian. A large concourse of people attended his funeral obsequies, on which occasion Eev. Dr. Child, of Castleton, officiated, assisted by Eev. Dr. Thomas, of Brandon. BY MRS. E. A. DANA, 'WIFE OF THE LATE DH. A. «. DANA. A pleasant volume, 12mo. 160 pp., of Mrs. Dana's poems has bean published under the title "Gathered Leaves" — Cambridge: Pri vate edition, 1864. THKEESCOKE YEARS. "To one -who gained my heart and hand. To whom my life for life was given, — One, by -whose aide on earth I stand. By whom I hope to stand iu heaven." That stately form and manly brow, The clear gray eye imbued with thought, An intellect as lofty, show With philosophic interest fraught. Commanding, dignified, and firm. With native eloquence endowed. And patriotic fervor warm That to corruption never bowed. Age hath not stamped its signet yet. Nor bowed with feebleness that form ; But the mountain pine, though firmly set. Must yield its glory to the storm. The silvery threads are shining now Amid those ebon locks of thine ; And on thy cheek and on thy brow Is pencil'd many a thoughtful line. Life's morning sun our shadows blent. When all the streams to eastward run ; Lo, now the river's course is bent To swell the tide of setitng sun. Yon sunny hills we quickly pass'd And stood npon the midland height ; Henceforth our shadows, backward cast, " Will lengthen till they blend in night. 402 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZITsE. Together we this path have trod, In joy aud sorrow, hope and fear, — Through changing Bcenes and seasons stood By tho samo crudlo, font, and bier. Tho oHto plants around our board Ilavo I-IoBsom'd into snmnuT bloom ; Oh, may the proniiso they afford Ripen rich fruit to deck Dur tumb. Some drooped, 'tis true, at morning thlo, And woro tiansplantL-d to the skies ; And sonic, ahis, may ill abido The bhisting winds that round us rise. Ah, few who loft with us the bowers Of childliood, linger on the wajT: Some fell to sleep among the flowers, And some on lonely bill-sides lay. Perchance a few more suns may set, A few more moons may wjix and wane, When we who journey onward yet, Shall close our part in life's refrain. And, as thy westering sun declines, Oh, may its light so purely glow That, while thy pathway it defines, "Wilh steps unwavering thou shalt go. And I will lift my prayer to Him Who listens to each humble cry, To fill with blessings, to the brim, Thy cnp on earth, thy crown on high. TO MY MOTHER * Dear Mother, worn and weary now, Calm be thy rest at even-tide, "Where deep and still the waters flow, Nearing the ocean vast and wide. The morning flelds are far away Where childhood left its foot-prints light, And the sunny hills seem dim aud grey That youthful memories paint so bright. But thou canst see them though afar, And trace the long aud winding way Whose roughness cost thi-e many a scar, Whose storms havo bleach'd thy hair bo grey. Those silvery locks wore waving bright And burnifilicd like theravon's jilumo, No maiden's oye flaslioii purer light, No maiden's cheek wore richer bloom. A form and eloganco of moin That grace and dignity bestow; Meet channels theso whore many a stream Of life's sweet sympathies nioy flow. Lovely and lofty traits woro there, Self-sacrillcing, true and kind; The wife's devotion, Mothors's caro By faith aud love to God roflnod. [? MrB. Rachel P, Fuller, ono of tho oldest inhabi- tnntB of Brandon, for whom her daughter, Mrs. Dana, wrote this tribute of afl^oction on her 92d birthday which occurred a few days before hor death. — Ed.] But scattered all aloDg the ground Are hopes that once were towering high, And there is many a grassy mound Where fond affections buried lie. Where childhood's sunny hours flew past Thy Mother's lowly bed was made, And whero thy youthful lot was cast Thy Father in the church-yard laid. He, who should slumber at thy side Sleeps by tJie Merrimac's bright wave, And many a time thy heart hath died Within thee, o'er some loved ones' grare. But, though thine eyes be dim with tears Canst thou not Fee a heavenly hand; That strengthened thee so many years And led thee through this weary land ! Though many a pang our follies cost And fear and sorrow have been thinn. Still not one prayer or tear is lost Laid on a pitying Saviour's shrine. I bless thee, Mother, for the care That never faltered on the way, That taught my infant lips the prayer" And offers thine for me each day. Iblees thee, for the love untold Whose fountains never ceased to play, WTiose depths have never yet grown cold, Whose streams have gladdened all my way. Dear Mother, thou art almost home, Thy Father's house almost in sight, And from its towers through all the gloom Come rays reflecting Heaven's own light. Some of our number wait us there, Thnpc grassy mounds are sunken low. And what has earth of good, or lair, To tempt our feet to linger so? God bless thee, Mother, and bestow Sweet peace on all thy days to come, And gently may the waters flow That bear thee to a heavenly home. GUARDIAN SPIRITS. " Are thoy not nil ministering spirits, sent forth to minister to them that shall bo heirs of salvation F"— Hebrews i. 14. Do ye come iu tho hush of the twilight hour, When tho flre in the west grows dim, Your footsteps thrilling our heiirt-strings o*6r Like i>i.imo floating angel-hymn When tlio moonbeam silvers tho ftosted pane, When tho night aud the morning meet 1 Or tho eaves are dripping with summer rain, And tho clover bells ai'e sweet? But come with tho light of the spirit land, Avherever Times' shadow descends; It ia blessed to leun on the unseen hand Our heavenly Father sends. BEANDON. 463 Come with sweet thoughts from the world above, Where Christ and the holy ones are; Oh, whisper some message from those we love t Do they not remember us there? Could we catch one gleam of your shining hair. One look in your sad sweet eyes ! But Wo may never gaze on vision so fair Till beyond the dark river we rise. " By your pillow at night, and your footsteps by day, We watch you throngh good and through ill ; In the dark hour of danger sow light in your way, To shine on the narrow path still. "In joy and in sorrow, in weal and in woo, On the desert, the mountain, the wave. In your wanderings wide, wherever you go From the cradle-bed on to the grave. " So lovingly, tenderly, still by your side, It is ours His love to express, Who so loved the world that for sinners He died, And His wounded hands ever would bless. " In this dark world of sin ye may see no gleams Oi'our bright forms and radiant wings : Too fearful and sad earth's mystery seems, Too deep is the shadow it flings. "We're watchers till time and eternity meet, * We know not the day nor the hour ;' But the dark shall be light at the judgment-seat. And evil triumphant no more." THE GARDEN OF THB HEART— An Extract. I have a mystic garden A fountain there is playing Whose springs are never dry; The precious Plants thero nurtur'd Were by my Father given ; And ever as I watch'd them At morning, noon, or even, I might have known He watch'd them, too, With more than human love, And sent sweet influences, like dew, Down from His home above. The Oak, the Ash, the Fir tree, The Elm and Maple, too. Sprung up so fair and graceful, And in my garden grew ; I see their spreading branches wave, And glory in their shade. And flowers were there to beautify, And make my borders gay ; A rose that blush'd like sunset, And a Lily sweet aa May. I had a Morning-glory, too, But it faded in an hour; And cherubs bore it, wet with dew. To grace their own sweet bower. A white Rose once so fondly Twin*d round the Oaken tree. Which shelter'd and sustain'd it Most true and tenderly : But a light waa on it, day by day It faded, till afar On autumn winds 'twas borne away Where angel gardens are. The Olive and the Cedar Are in my garden now ; Strength dwelleth in the cedar, Peace in the olive bough. And other flowers are gathered there, So beautiful and bright, I dream of nought more sweet and fair. Save in the land of light. Far he the days of sorrow That shall with power prevail, To scatter leaf and blossom Upon the wintry gale. And when, in years that soon will flee, These walls in ruin lie, May the fadeless flower, the living tree, And all within my garden, be Transplanted to the sky. THE HAND THAT WROUGHT WITH MINE.* There was a hand that wrought with mine, To gflther up these autumn leaves, That now can only wreathe a shrine With those that mournful memory weaves. There was an eye that lingered long And kindly o'er each leaf and spray ; Seeking some music in the song, Some jasting beauty in the lay. There was a smile that cheered me on. Which I, alas, no more shall see ; And what avails since thou art gone. And all the world seems sad to me? The fairest things we gather here, Laid on thy grave, soon fade away ; There's no memorial love can rear But Time will crumble in decay. But in those green, unfading bowers, In the unseen laud to which we go, No sorrow lies beneath the flowers, No treasure under winter's snow. There wilt thou take my hand again, And lead me through the Eden fields ; No more to hope and toil in vain For the fading things time only yields. Oh, glorious home ! I'll look for thee Above your purple star-lit shore, Until the loved ones there I see, And dream of them and thee no more. THE CONGEEGATIOIfAL CHUaCH OF BRAITDOir. BT DEACON BAEZILLAI DATENPORT. On Sept. 23, 1785, a Congregational church was organized in Brandon, by the Eev. Mr. Sell of Dorset, consipting of 5 males and 6 fe males, viz.: Jedediah Winslow, William Dodge, Nathan Flint, David Buckland and Moses Barnes; Mrs. Sarah Larkin, Elizabeth Wins low, Elizabeth Dodge, Mercy Flint and Mary King. They had previously appointed a day of fast ing, humiliation and prayer, and adopted arti cles of faith and covenant; and the male mem bers subscribed to rules of discipline : all of * Dr. A. G. Dana died August 20th, 1861. 461 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. which were in the main truly orthodox and scriptural. Like the Pilgrim Fathers, the early settlers of Brandon eeptnod to caro for the worship of God, while in the wilderness. There wero but few settlements in town when the church was orgiinizod. Their public meetings wero hold in private dwellings, and thoy mostly wore log- housc.i. From .1 smoky manuscript, wliich purports to hnvo been tho flrst book ofthe records of the church, it appears that this feeble b.and of Chris tians coiisecrated their offspring to God more generally than is done by the members of the church at the present d.ay : and additions were made to the church, from time to time, by pro fession of their faith in Christ, aijd by letters from othrr churches ; but aa the records were kept on manuscripts of a few sheets of paper, for m.iny years after the organization of the church, there is not now to be found a continu ous record. The first book and the tiiird, which are in manuscripts, are still preserved ; but the second, or wh.it would seem to have been the second book of records, embracin,^ a term of 5 or 6 years, is not to be found ; and some of the leaves of the first books are quite illegible. The church at its organization, made choice of Jedediah Winslow (1) as their moderator and Clerk, and he discharged the duties of both of fices for several years thereafter. The church had occasional preachinc;;, (2) sometimes more than one S.^bbath in succes sion, and lectures on week-days, occasionally ; but no settled pastor or stated supply until 1792 when on the 23d of September the Rev. Enos Bliss (3) was installed as their pastor. How long Mr. Bliss ministered to them is not shown by any record now to be found, as there is no record of his dismission. Tradition savs that Mr. Bliss was called, settled and dismissed with in a ye.ar. January, 1800, the (4) Rev. Ebenezer ITib- bard was ordained in Brandon, and installed pastor. There is no record of the stipulated amount to be paid the pastor, on the church records — although a committee was chosen to deed the land to Mr. Hibbard, agreeably to tlieir contract with hira. Tlio country was new, and the church poor, aud of course the s,alary was small, as they worshipped in a log meeting house ; and I flnd a vote on record to purchase a eow that would not cost over $1 8.00, and give to Mr. Hilibard, during tho following spring. Mr. Hibbard continued to labor here almost 21 years. Ho was dismissed Sept. 5, 1821. During his ministry in Brandon there were sev- eral precious revivals of religion, and many ad ditions to the church. During the years 1816 and '17, there were some 120 united with tha church. But at the time of Mr. Hibbard's dismission, the church became somewhat divided and dis tracted in their councils, and without doubt large additions ofits members, in 1817, as was allodged by some of the old members, did not add so niuoh to the strength and graces of the church, as it did to its numbers ; although many good and devoted Christians became members at that time. There were, however, some tares which an enemy had sown, that af terwards sprang up and showed themselves. After Mr. Hibbard was dismissed, the church and society hired preaching most of the time for some IS months. Rev. Mr. Perrin preached several months, and Dr. Bates, president of Mid dlebury College, and Prof John Hough, were the principal supplies, after Mr. Perrin left, until the latter part of the summer of '22, when tbe Rev. Beriah Green, direct from the seminary at Andover, was invited to preach as a candidate. Mr. Green was a gradutate of Middlebury Col lege — a young man of much promise, and an interesting speaker. The church gave him a call, which he accepted, and was ordained April 16, '23. He was more of a preacher than a pastor: and, during his ministry in Brandon, which was a little more than 6 years, there were 25 additions to the church by letter and by pro fession, and 24 excommunications, and 5 deaths. Tho llth of May, 1S29, he was dismissed, and again the church applied to the College fac ulty to supply their pulpit, which was cheerful ly responded to by Dr. Bates and Prof Hough, until the summer of '30, when the Rev. Ira In graham was invited to become the pastor of the church, and accepted iu the following lan guage : "In considering yonr call for the purpose of forming an answer, my only inquiry slwuld be: Does tho Gre.at Hcad'of the Church call me to tliis field ? I have endeavored to interpret His providences in relation to this question, and if I understand their meaning, it is His divine will that I should accept your call. " Believing, therefore, 'that such is the will of my Lord and JIaster, I most heartily and clioerfully accept your invitation. M.ay the God of all grace sanction vour call and this accept ance of it. And if this connection is formed, and this endearing and solemn relation is con summated between us, may it be as the dew of Hermon, and as tlie dew that descended upon the mountains of Zion ; for there the Loril com mandod a blessing, even life forevermore." BEANDON. 465 Mr. Ingraham settled (Sept. 1, 1830,) on a salary of $450, and the use of the parsonage, which was purchased by the church and socie ty during the pastorate of Mr. Green. Mr. In graham proved to be an able and earnest preach er, and a, faithful and efficient pastor, and his labors were abundantly blessed in building up the church. He remained pastor a little over 6 years, when, at the urgent request of the Vermont Domestic Missionary Society, he was dismissed to engage as the Secretary and Agent of that board. In the year 1831, there. was held in many of the churclies in this vicinity a series of meet ings, called three-days meetings. Tho Baptist church in Brandon appointed such a meeting, and invited several neighboring clergymen of their denomination to come and assist them in sustaining the meetings. The Congregational church in Pittsford had appointed a three-days meeting to be held at the same time and on the same days ; which meeting Mr. Ingraham had engaged to attend, and did attend the two first days of the series ; but finding that an unusu al interest was manifested by his people in Brandon, in the Baptist meeting which was be ing conducted there, he returned on the 3d day, and attended with his people the last day's ser vice of the Baptist meeting. He took no part in the meeting, save tlie offering of one prayer ; yet his deep interest was most manifest to all who were present. On the 10th of July fol lowing this meeting, there were added to the Congregational church 32 members by profess ion of their faith in Christ, and a large share of them heads of families. The whole number of additions during Mr. Ingraham's ministry was 136 members, includ ing several restorations of members who were excommunicated during the previous pastorate, aud only one member excluded. On the day of Mr. Ingraham's dismission, Sev. Harvey Curtis, afterwards President of Knox College in Galesburg, 111., was ordained over us as a pastor — then a young man and tutor in Middlebury College. He was an earnest and affectionate preacher, a warm hearted Christian, and greatly beloved by the church and people. He commenced preaching with us in the au tumn of 1835, as Mr. Ingraham had not time to preach with us, although he was not formally dismissed until Feb. 17, 1836, the day of Mr. Curtis' ordination. A protracted meeting was commenced in Brandon by the Eev. Jedediah Burchard, an Evangelist, on the day of, or the next day after, Mr. Curtis' ordination, and continued some IS or 19 days, in which the other denominations in Brandon, viz. Baptist and Methodist, united and participated with us. Although the meet ings were held in our meeting-house, and all shared iu the fruits of the meeting, the Congre gational church, under the advice of the Rev. Mr. Ingraham, had passed a vote, previous to Mr. Burohard's visiting Brandon, not to be in haste about the admission of members into the church, during the excitement of the meeting: consequently none of the converts were admit ted to membership in the church until after Mr. Burchard had left town. Ou the 20th of March there were 41 admitted to the church, on profession of their faith in Christ. A very large proportion of them, in their relation to the the church of their Christian experience, dated their conversion prior to that meeting — and some of them many years before. The whole number of members who joined the cliurch during Dr. Curtis' pastorate, was 152. A larger number of the congregation were constant attendants on public worship during his ministry, than were before or since. He has occasionally visited Brandon since his relation of pastor was dissolved, and always had a full house. He was dismissed Dec. 11, 1840. After Mr. Curtis left. Rev. Milo J. Hichcok preached as a, candidate for settlement some 3 months. He was an interesting preacher, and the church gave him a call ; but he declined to accept the invitation, and afterwards settled in Rochester, N. T. The Professors in Middle bury college were again applied to, and sup plied the church with preaching until the spring of 1842, when Rev. "William H. Marsh came to Brandon, and, after a short trial, tlie church gave him a call to settle, which he accepted, and was ordained June 29, 1842. He was an easy writer, and rather a fluent speaker, but did not seem to interest himself, nor the people very much ; and, in the winter of 1843, he complained of ill health, and did not preach much, and asked for a dismission which was granted him. A council was called and he was formally dismissed on 21st of Mar., 1843. The next sabbath after, he craved the privilege of preaching a farewell sermon to the people; and came out openly, and avowed himself an Episcopalian : he was unfortunate, however, in his effort, as be made no converts to that cjmraunioD from the Congregational church. 466 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. This summerset of Mr. Marsh had no ten dency to divide the church. They remained strong in the faith of Congregationalism, and mado an effort to find another pastor. Tiiey invited the Rev. Wm. G. T. Shedd, who had just finished his course at the Andover Theo logical Seminary, to come and preach as a can didate. IIo accepted the invitation,' and commencod his labors in September of the same year, and on Jan. 4, 1844, was ordained as pastor. He remained witb us nearly 2 years. He was quite young, but is too well known in tho religious world now, for me to speak of his talents, or acquirements. The church desired to keep him — but he had received the appoint ment of a professorship in the University of Vermont, and expressed a strong desire to ac cept it ; saying that he thought himself better adapted for the discharge of the duties of a professor, than he was for those of a pastor. The result was that he was dismissed Aug. 19, 1845. During these frequent changes of pastors the cliurch gathered no strength, but grew weak er. They resorted to their old friend.s, the President and Professors of Middlebury College. to supply the pulpit on the Sabbath. This re quest was again graciously granted until sometime in the spring of 1846, when the Rev. Moses Chase, formerly n pastor of the Platts- burgh church, N. T., was recommended to the church. He came and preached a few Sab baths, received a call, and accepted it, and, Dee. 3, 1846, was installed as pastor, and on the Sth of September following, the connection was dissolved, and the church left once more with out au under sheplierd. At tliis time of trial, one of the members of tho church wrote a let ter to the Rev. Mr. Ingraham, their old pastor, who had been settled over a Presbyterian church in Lyons, N. T. Mr. Ingraham bad just been dismissed from his charge there, and very soon came to Brandon, and enga.ged to preach for us for one year; and before tlio close of the year, the churcli and society ex tended to him a call to again as.sume the du ties and responsibilities of pastor of tho church : but the call was not unanimous. There were two strong abolitionists in tho church who were very fearful, that he was a pro-slavery man. Mr. Ingraham finding that the clmrch was not unanimous, declined our offer. Early in the spring of 1850, Rov. Francis B. Wheeler was invited to become tho pastor of the church. He accepted the call, and was installed on May 29th, of the samo year. He remained with us until September 1, 1854, when he went to Saco, Maine, and is now pas tor of a Presbyterian church in Poughkeepsie, N. y. ; and we were once more supplied with preaching from the College faculty. In the summer of 1856, the church invited the Rev. John D. Kingsbury to visit Brandon, and preach a few Sabbaths as a candidate. He accepted the invitation, and came and preached two Sabbaths. The church and so ciety gave him a call to settle as pastor. After the close of the term of the Theological Seminary, Mr. Kingsbury accepted the call, and was ordained Sept. 24, 1856, and was dis missed Aug. 15, 1860. The last two pastors of the church were good preachers, and very acceptable pastors. There were added to the church, during Mr. Wheeler's ministry, 55 mem bers, and during Mr. Kingsbury 58 members. Six members have united with the church by profession, since we have been destitute of a pastor. A few individual members of the church have purchased a piece of land and have erect ed a very convenient brick vestry, or confer ence-room, finished it, and the ladies have seat ed it with settees. In 1858, the Congregational church and soci ety made very extensive repairs and altera tions in their house of worship, at sin expense of from $ 2500 to $3000, not inclnding a beau tiful marble pulpit, which was a free-will ofier ing, from one of the deacons of the church. [6] The whole membership of the church from its origanization up to August, 1861, was 769. Present number is ITS. [Deacon Davenport had finished his paper to this point when he died : the notes and sup plement to which are by the Rev. Mr. Tux- bury — and the biographical sketch ofthe writer by Henry Clark of the Rutland Herald.— fii.] COXTIXU\TinX FROM OTHEK SOURCES. .\fier the dismission of Mr. Kingsbury in 1860, the church was without a pastor for nearly five years. During this period of un liappy differences, growing out ofthe repair of tho cliurch, and thc methods adopted for rais ing money for tho parish expenses, only 17 persons united with the chui-ch by profession and by letter. The pulpit was variously sup plied. In 1861-2, Rev. Wm. Ford a Methodist minister residing in town, supplied the pulpit for several months. Rev. Wm. J. Harris was invited Oct. 24, 1862 to become their pastor, or a stated supply for one year, at his option. BEANDON. 467 He chose the latter, and, being re-engaged, con tinued iu that relation till Jan. 1, 1865, on which day he closed his labors, avowing him self an Episcopalian. He has since been rec tor of churches at Manchester, N. H., and at Montpelier, and is now [1873] rector of Trin ity Church, Rutland. On the 21st of April, 1865, the church voted unanimously to invite Rev. Franklin Tuxbury to become their pastor. Mr. Tuxbury had preached five Sabbaths, and on the occasion of Pros. Lincoln's National Fast — the day of his assassination, April 14. Mr. T. had previous ly been pastor of the Eussell church in Had ley, Mass. He was installed pastor May 25, 1865. Eev. Silas Aiken, D. D., was the mod erator of the Council, and Eev. W. G. T. Shedd, D. D., a former pastor of the church, and a, former instructor of t'ne candidate, preached the sermon. During the present pastorate there have been added to the church up to the present time (Aug. 1872.) 105 members. The total membership from organization of the church is about 896. The present number is 209 — a net gain of 51 members in seven years. (1) " Jedidiah "Winslow," Sept. 28, 1791, was disciplined " for boiling maple sap upon the Lord's day.'' Dea. Winslow said he was " Sorry that he did it, on the account of it being a grief to the minds of his breatherin, but not vuing himself therein gilty of a breach of the Sabbath," he insisted " that he there in was himself in the way of his duty." But, " the Church vuing it a direct viola tion of the Law of god, and that he might as well bin imployed in a most any other bis- ness — taking that with the matter of exSam- ple unddef Consideration — they voted not satisfied. Uppon which Brother winslow re quested a CounSell and the Church redily Complied, then preceded and Mutally Chose the West Church in Eutland for the odd Church, then the Choice by vote of the Church in Jericho aud the Church in Orwell and Mr. Winslow made Choice of the Church in Hins dale and the Church in Walpole, To meet the last Thursday in January next." Whether the " counSell" ever met, and if so, what disposition they made of the case, the records do not say. (2) " Occasional preaching'' — In Feb. 11, 1790, the church gave Eev. Elijah Norton a call, but there is no record or tradition of hia settlement. From 1793 to 1800, the church was occasionally supplied by Eevs. Eleazer Harwood and Sylvanus Chapin, Eev. Mr. Bingham and Rev. Mr. Marcey. (3.) "Eev. Enos Bliss." Jan. 18, 1792, at the house of Loren Larkin, the church "Voted to give Mr. Bliss for a settlement as follows, viz. Fifty pounds to be paid in cat tle or grain" in three equal annual install ments, beginning at his ordination. They likewise voted to " give him the Ministry Eight, excepting the tirst division, or, if he chooses in lieu thereof, fifty pounds, at the end of three years from his ordination, to be paid in cattle or grain. Also, voted to give Mr. Bliss 30 pounds Lawful money" at the end of the first year, increasing the salary 5 pounds each year "till it arises to 60 pounds, the whole to be paid in cattle or grain." It was provided that, in case Mr. Bliss should not continue with them eight years, the last mentioned fifty pounds in his "settlement" should revert to the church. (4) "Eev. Ebenezer Hebard. (So he wrote his name.) Previous to Mr. H's ordination, the church observed Tuesday Sept. 24th, 1799 as a day of fasting and prayer and invited a sort of preliminary council to examine the pastor elect. Eev. S. Chapin preached a sermon, and was assisted in the examination 'by Eev. E. Harwood and Eev. Benj. Worster. The ordination was appointed for the follow ing January. The regular ordination coun cil consisted of the churches at Pittsford, Orwell, W. Eutland, Benson and Cornwall." INFAKT BAPTISMS. 59 children were baptized previous to Jan. 1, 1800 — an average of about four a year for the first 15 years. 309 children were baptized during Mr. Hebard's pastorate of about 21 years — an average of 14 a year. During Mr. Green's pastorate of about 6 years 29 children were baptized — an average of about 5 a year. ADDITIOKS TO THE OHUBOH. Previous to 1800 at least 46 had united, an average of about 3 a year since the organ ization. During Mr. Hebard's pastorate 231 mem bers were received — an average of about 11 a year. During Mr. Green's pastorate 25 members united with the church — an average of about 4 a year. During Mr. Ingraham's pastorate 136 united — an average of 27 a year. During Mr. Curtis' pastorate 152 members were received — an average of about 30 a year. This was the time of Birchard's visit. During Mr. Marsh's pastorate of less than a year 5 were added. During Mr. Shedd's pastorate 15 were add ed — an average of about 7 a year. During Mr. Chase's pastorate of less than a year, no additions. During Mr. Wheeler's pastorale of abont 4 years 55 members were added — an average of about 13 a year. During Mr. Kingsbury's pastorate 58 mem bers were added — an average of about 14 a year. During the 5 years the church were with- 468 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. out a settled pastor after Mr. Kingsbury's dismission, 17 persons united — an average of about 3 a year. During the first 7 years of the present pas torate 105 members have been received — an average of 15 a year. MEETING-HOUSES. The first meeting-house was built of logs near tho centre of the town, in which public worsli.p was maintained by lay service, ex cept occasional itinerant preaching. Its site was a littlo west of the house now occupied by Dea. J. II. Vail. Beyond this, Loren Larkin's house seems to have been a favorite ]ilace for the church meetings previous to about 1797. It was located near the present Scale shop. About 1797 or 1798, the second meeting house was erected on the site occupied by the present church. When nearly completed it took fire on a cold winter morning in the absence of the workmen. On their return the interior was so far enveloped in flames that efforts to save it were unavailing. — ¦ Though depressed, the little church were not disheartened. With cheerful hearts and will ing hands they rallied to the work, and soon completed a new building upon the old foundations, which yielded satisfactory ac commodations to the church till 1831. This vvas the third meeting-house. In April 1831, the old church was demolished, preparatory to laying the foundation of the present brick structure which is the fourth meeting-house built since the organization of the church. Its dimensions are 75 by 52 feet. Its cost was about $5000. It was dedicated in No vember 1832, Col, David Warren and Ny- ram Clark built it. A parsonage was pur chased during Mr. Green's pastorate, but subsequently sold. (6) LIST OP DEAOOFS. Jedidiah Winslow, died April 5, 1794, aged 69 years, Hiram Horton, removed to Malone, N. Y. Ebenezer Wooster, chosen Nov. 8, 1792. Joseph Hawley, chosen Nov. S, 1792. David Merriam, died Feb. 15,' 1819, aged 89 years and 18 days. Moses Barnes, died Dec. 12, 1825, Asa Blackmer, chosen Sept. 20, 1822 ; died Jan. 31, 1861 ; aged 89 years. Daniel June, chosen Sept. 20, 1822 • died April 2S, 1830; aged (10 years loss 10 days. Ashael June, chosen Oct. 2, 1830- died April IH, 1862; aged UO years. BarziUai Davenport, chosen April 6 1833- died July 21, LSTl. Ira Button, clioson April 6, 1833; resisned June 1, I860. ^ Asa B'urnell, chosen April 6, 1833 ¦ died Marcli 20, 1871 ; ag,;d 85 years. Henry Kingsley, chosen Maroh 10 1854- dismissed Nov. 13, 1857. ' ' Edward D. Selden, chosen March 10 1854- resigned Oct. 20, 1870. ' ' John H. Vail, chosen Nov. 3, 1870. Denison Blackmer, chosen Nov. 3, 1870. Wm. W. Eeynolds, chosen Nov. 3, 1870; resigned July 18, 1872. Wm. H. Marsh. — It should be added that Mr. Marsh repented of his error, and wrote a very humble confession, asking the for giveness of the church. It was dated Aug. 15, 1843, But after preaching a while in Connecticut he returned to Episcopacy again. He finally lost his character, separated from his wife and died iu disgrace at Duauesville, N. Y. " The Congregational church of Brandon, at a meeting holden on July 16, 1798, voted, that in case any member of this church shall conceive he ha.9 occasion justly to commence a suit at law against one of his brethren, be longing to the same church, that he shall not let the cause come to trial till he has laid it before the church and received their direction how to proceed in the same." That would not be so bad now-a-days I HON. BAEZILLAI D.AVEyPOHT, recently deceased at the age of 82 years, father- in-law of Hon. William M. Field of Rutland; was a native of Dummerston, and studied law with Hon. John Lynde, of Wilhamstown, and was admitted to the Orange county bar, and in 1822. removed to Brandon, and commenced the practice of the law. He resided at Brandon 46 years, 41 of which he was town clerk. He was frequently the recipient of public trust from Ms fellow-citizens. He was justice ofthe peace 28 years, and represented the town in the Legisla tures of ]S54-'o5. Iu 1S54, he was chairman of the commitee on military affairs, and in 1855 second on the judici.ary committee. He was a useful member of the General Assembly, and held in high esteem by his associates. He was one of the assistant judges of the Rutland county court in 1855, '56 and '37. In bis politi cal opinions he w.as originally -a democrat, but took nn early and prominent part in the free- soil party, from which he went into the repub lican. He was ever an earnest anti-slavery man. He was a deacon in the Congregational church at Brandon from 1833 until the time of his death. BAPTIST CHURCH. Bt REV. e. A. THCM.VS, D. D, The Baptist Church in Brandon was con stituted in 1785, consisting of 12 members. In September, 1789, Mr. Isaac Webb, who had been with them a while, as their preach er, was called to ordination and settlement. Mr. Webb was the first pastor of the church, and the first minister settled in the town. The council, called to assist in the ordina- BEANDON. 469 tion of Mr. Webb, included the Eev. Caleb Blood of Shaftsbury, Eev. Henry Green of Wallingford, Eev. Isaac Beal of Clarendon, Eev. Elnathan Phelps of Orwell, and Eev. Elisha Eich of Pittsford. The pastorate of Eev. Isaac Webb was short, and followed by the successive pastorates of Calvin Chamber lain, Peck, Moses Ware, Joshua Young, Abial Fisher, Elisha Starkweather, Isaac Sawyer, Joseph Sawyer, William Hutchin son, George B. Ide, and C. A. Thomas. The present pastor, C. A. Thomas, was or dained and settled in October, 1835. The clergymen who ^assisted in his ordination and settlement were Eev. Daniel Sharp of Boston, Mass., Eev. J. M. Graves of Ludlow, Eev. Aaron Angier of Orwell, Eev. S. C. Dillaway of Poultney, Eev. Eeuben Sawyer of Westhaven, and Eev. Joel H. Green of Parishville, N. Y. The church in its infancy held its meetings for several years in dwelling houses, with only occasional preaching. In 1790, a log house was constructed for their use ; and in 1800, a more commodious, framed house was built, and occupied, as a place of worship, nntil 1832 ; when their present substantial brick edifice was completed, and opened for worship. This house has recently been re modeled at an expense of $6000. Where the history of a church is nearly coeval with that of the town, and members of the church have been among the most prominent of the citizens, it would be well to have the gener al history of the town include the ecclesias tical information. But as this has not been done in connection with the general article on Brandon, a few dates and names pertain ing to the history of the Baptist church have here been given. And it is hoped that the same may be done in respect to the other ec clesiastical bodies in the place. The Baptists held their State Sabbath School Convention at Brandon, June 5, 1872. HISTORY OF METHODISM IN BEANDOlir. BT REV. BERNICE D. AMES, A. M. The introduction of Methodism into Bran don was characterized by the same mighty influence of the spirit in connection with pow erful preaching and self-denying labor and sacrifice, and encountered the same opposition and persecution which attended its introduc tion into other portions of the old world and the new. Too few memorials of the labors. sacrifices, trials and persecutions of the fa thers and mothers in our Israel, have been pre served. It is a labor of love and a work of piety to collect and treasure what remain. Present and future generations of Methodists ought to be more laborious, devoted, and self-sacrificing for reading these memorials. And as the recent will become the ancient, and the present take its place with the past, it may not be unprofitable to trace the prog ress of the Church in Braudon down to the present time. " The Eev. Freeborn Garrettson was the apostle of Methodism in all the region now occupied by the Troy Conference.'* At the Conference of 1788, he was appoint ed presiding elder of the district north of the City of New York, and extending from New Eochelle, near New Y'ork City, to Lake Cham plain. At that time there were but six circuits in his large district." f " The Lord had raised up a number of zealous young men who had entered the field of itinerancy with hearts fired and filled with love to God and the souls of men. Sev eral of these were placed under the charge of Mr. Garrettson who was requested by Bishop Asbury to penetrate the country north of the city of New York, and form as many cir cuits as he could." J The following account of the exercises of his mind, and of the manner in which he pro ceeded in the work of breaking up this new ground is from Mr. Garrettson's own pen : " I was very uneasy in my mind, being un acquainted with the country, an entire stran ger to its inhabitants, there being no Metho dist societies farther north than Westchester ; but I gave myself to earnest prayer for direc tion. I knew that the Lord was with me. In the night season in a dream, it seemed to me that the whole country up the North river, as far as Lake Champlain, east and west was open to my view. "After Conference adjourned I requested the young men to meet me. Light seemed so reflected on my path, that I gave them direc tions where to begin, and v/hioh way to form their circuits. I also appointed a time for each Quarterly Meeting, requesting them to take up a collection in every place where they preached, and told them I should go up the North river, to the extreme parts of the * This Conference embraced the western half of Ver mont, when thia paseage was written. t Troy Conference Miscellany, p. 22. { Bangs' History of Methodism Vol. I. p. 269. 470 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL. MAGAZINE. work, visiting the towns and cities in the way, and on my return I should visit them all and hold their Quarterly Meetings. I had no doubt but that the Lord would do wonders, for the young men were pious, zealous and laborious." " God was with these heroic pioneers of Metliodism, opening their way before them, supporting them amid their trials, raising them up friends among strangers, and bless ing their labors." " My custom was'' says Mr. Garrettson, " to go round the district every three months, and then return to New York, where I commonly staid about two weeks. In going once around I usually travelled about a thousand miles, and preached upwards of a hundred sermons." '*' At the close of their first yeq,r's labor, they returned over 600" members. Of these young men, according to the minutes of 1788, Darius Dunham was ap pointed to Shoreham, and Samuel Wigton to " Lake Champlain." "Shoreham '' and " Lake Champlain," doubtless merely indicated the places where they were expected to form cir cuits. One or both of these men, without doubt, preached in Vermont, and were per haps the first Methodist preachers that ever preached iii the State. None of the 600 members, first mentioned, however, were re ported from Vermont. Probably none were gathered. In 1794, Joshua Hall was appointed to Vermont, but did not labor in the State, and of course reported no members. In 1796, Nicholas Snethen, whom, on account of his eloquence Bishop Asbury was wont to call " his silver trumpet," was appointed to Vershire on the east side of the mountain, and had the honor of forming in that place the first Methodist society in Vermont, al though for some reason, no members vvere re turned to the ensuing conference. " " Ealph Williston was appointed at the next confer ence to Vershire circuit. In 17ns, 100 mem bers were returned for Vershire circuit east of the mountain, and 186 for Vergennes. west of tho mountain. These wero the first members reported from Vermont and enumer ated in the Minutes. From this time preach ers were stationed, and members reported in both sections of the State in rapidly augment ing numbers. Tho question arises; who gathered the 186 members reported in ITOH for Vergennes circuit, since no preachers had been sent here by the bishops at the preced- • Qarrottsou's Life, p. 201. ing conference ? Probably at this late day no one can answer with certainty. Very likely the two brothers, Michael and Samuel Coates, and almost certainly the indefatigable Lorenzo Dow, and perhaps others labored here before the Conference of 1798. This ia inferred from the fact that oral tradition still preserves the name of the Coates as passing through and preaching here before any regu lar preachers had been sent into this region who informed the people that they would probably have preachers in a year or two, and that Lorenzo Dow was instrumental in the conversion of the leader of the first socie ty organized in western Vermont.'* The following extracts from an article in the Christian Advocate and Journal for Sept. 6, 1833, contain some interesting incidents connected with the introduction of Method ism into Brandon and vicinity. • Methodism was introduced into these parts about forty years ago. The Eev. Me=sr,s. Coates, Mitchel. Wood, Dow, and Hutchinson. were among the first Methodist preachers who labored in these parts. Brother Hutch inson was pre.^iding elder where his district extended from New York nearly to the Can- adas. Some of our brethren are now living who were the fruits of the labors of these men of God. Often have I sat and listenel to the accounts they have given of their labors, sufferings and s'lrcc.ss. "1 am informed that the first person who joined the Met!iodi-ts in Vermont, west of the Green Monntain, was a young wom.an, who resided at the time, in the town of Monkton. The fir?t resular society which was formed was in Brandon, Rutland county. " Tlie introduction of Metiiodism into Brandon was attended with one or two cir- , cumstances worthy of notice. Lorenzo Dow, who at that time was a very zealous and holy man of God, I am told, came into the town and called on a B.ipti^t deacon, and de sired liberty to preach iu his house. The deacon very readily consented. Tliis was on Saturday, and a few of the neighbors were in vited to attend in the evening ; to whom he preached, and made an a|'pointment to preach again in the morning at sunrise. At a suitable time the family retired to bed. But in theprciii'/it'r's rootn, the voice of pray er was heard by the family the greatest part of tho night. Twice the deacon arose and looked into the room, unperceived by tlie preacher, to see what was the matter, and found him on his knees. As soon as the day began to dawn he he.ard the preacher get up and go out. He had tlie curiosity to follow him at a distance. He went to the orchard, where he prostrated himself on his face, aud wrestled and prayed to God for the peojile in • Christian Advocate and Journal, Vol. 8, p. 7. BEANDON. 471 that place, in a most fervent manner. After about half an hour he returned to his room. and waited for the people to come to meeting. At sunrise quite an assembly had met, and the preacher came out of his room, and I immediately commenced his discourse. He told them he had obtained an evidence that God would revive His work in that place ; and that He was at work even 7iow, on their hearts. Before he finished his dis course many hearts began to melt, and many eyes overflowed with tears. " He had sent an appointment into anoth er part of the town, for which he soon set off, and a large part of his morning hearers fol lowed him. In the village, which w.as near the center of the town, there lived a Captain H., [Horton] a merchant, who, having lieard of the appointment, set ofi' with his niece, a young lady who lived in his I'amil}', to hear the Methodist preacher. During the dis course the young lady became considerably awakened to feel the need of religion. When the preacher had concluded, he aesired all who felt the need of religion, and were re solved to serve God, to manifest it by rising up. Several rose, among whom was the young lady. Capt. H. seeing this, rose also, rather for "ihe purpose of keeping iier compa ny than anything else, for he felt somewhat ashamed to see her rise. The preacher ad dressed a few words lo them aud called on God and his holy angels to witness this act of theirs. This somewhat arrested the feel ings of the Captain. They set ofl' toward home, but had not gone far before the preach er overtook them, on his way to his next ap pointment. He entered into conversation with the captain. He got him to promise he would take his advice, if it should be such as he himself should acknowledge to be good. In this way he prevailed on him to promise to seek after God. By the earnest entreaties of his niece, the captain went on to the nextappointment ; and here he became powerfully awakened, and went home with a very heavy heart. When he arrived at home, he found his brother and l.ady had come to make him a visit, and the family were all awaiting his arrival to dine. He sat down at the table, but his heart was so full he could not eat. He burst into tears in the midst of the company, and immediate ly left the room. The family were in great distress, for they feared the Methodists had driven him distracted. However his wife soon set out for religion, and he and she and the young lady were happily converted to God. A blessed work of God immediately commenced iu that place, and a society was soon formed. " The people in Brandon were not all friends to the Methodists, not even all who professed to be Christians. Many of them thought the people were strangely deluded ; and as for the captain, they doubted not he was crazy. There could be no surer sign of this than that he should say, he knew his sins forgiven. Many were deiermined to drive the Methodists out of the place. Some said the preachers were from England, and were sent here to e.\ert an influence m favor of the king. One day when our friends had assembled in a school-house, for publio wor ship, a mini-ter and three others, one of whom was a deacon of the church, and brother to Capt. II., came iu, and stood with their hats on, while the preacher was at prayer. As soon as he had finished praying, one of them spQke out in a very angry tone, and inquired, what business they had there? Our people made no reply; but brother Wood, the preacher, said, 'AU who wi-h lo hear Methodist preaching follow me to broth er H.'s house' ; and they commenced singing, \ ' Come on, my partners in distress,' &c. Immediately all left the house, except the minister and his three friends. They went to the Captain's house and proceeded in their worship without farther interruption." The first Methodist class in Brandon was formed, Aug. 14, 1798, with Major Gideon Horton as leader and circuit Steward. As the first conference at which preachers are recorded to have been appointed to this cir cuit seems not to have been held till the 19th of September following, the ori'jinal mem bers of this class must have been comprised iu the 186 members before mentioned. The earliest meetings of the society were held in Potato Street, now called the Mc Connell neighborhood, most of the inhabitants in that section being Methodists, with a large num ber in Sugar Hollow. Meetings were held in dwelling-houses, barns and school-houses. Major Horton, the leader, used to go down from the village to attend meetings. Meet ings of great interest and power were held, sometimes continuing all night. Persons were overcome by the influence, and lay for hours as if dead or in a swoon. The people, espe cially the young, thronged the meetings, and numbers of the converts were bitterly op posed, husbands persecuting their wives, and parents even punishing their children, to prevent their identifying themselves with the Methodists. Among the original, or early members of this society, besides Major Horton and his wife Thirza, were Dr. John Horton, Gideon Mott, Henry and Eli McCoUom, Daniel Hen dee, Daniel Pomeroy, Benajah Douglass and Nathaniel B. Alden. Notwithstanding the fact that a, majority of the early Methodists were gathered from the humbler classes of society, it happened 'in many instances, that 472 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. some remarkable men were from the begin ning enrolled with these humble disciples. This was the case with the Brandon society. Numbers of those above named and their a-ssociates lived useful and honored lives, and left descendants, who fill honored positions in different parts of the country. Major Horton remained an ofBcer of the society in Brandon till 1808, when he removed to Hub bardton and erected mills, around which a small village grew up, which after him was called Hortonville. He was the grandfather of the late Mrs. Franklin Farrington. Be najah Douglas, a native of Massachusetts, came to this town from Ballston, N. Y., in 1795, was a most irrepres.-^ible character, both in religious and secular affairs, represented the town for four consecutive years (Dr. A. G. Dana says five) in the legislature, was the grandfather of the late distinguished United States Senator, Stephen A. Douglas, and died Oct. 2, 1829. His funeral sermon was preached by Eev. Tobias Spicer, D. D. Daniel Pomeroy came to town in 1794, was one of the most exemplary and efficient mem bers with which this society has ever been blessed, and represented the town in the State Legislature from 1823 till 1S2G inclu sive. He died Apr. 7, 1813, aged 73. One of his sons, Eev. Charles Pomeroy, was long a useful and devoted minister of the Troy Conference, and a grandson, Eev. Charles E Pomeroy, is an able and useful minister and educator in the church. Nathaniel B. Alden lived for many j-ears as a local minister in the church, had one son who was also a local preacher, and died a few years since in Elizabethtown, New York. Eli McCollum remained u, useful member of the church till his death, and is now well represented in the church by his son, Har ry S. Mc Collum. The church prospered for several years, and within 10 years from the organization of the society arrangements were made aud matori.als collected to build a church on a site near that of the present church edifice. Dis sensions, however, arose in the church, which caused the enterprise to be abandoned. A bitter feud r.agod between Messrs. Douglas and Gideon Horton, who were political rivals. Mr. Douglas was expelled from the church, but afterward restored. Mr. Horton removed to Hubbardton, as already stated. Some other members withdrew and united with ' high other branches of the church, and the society became well-nigh extinct. A sad warning against strife among brethren. In 1814, William Clark, a zealous Method ist, removed into town. He, in connection with Eli McCollum established meetings, and Brandon became once more a regular preach ing appointment, which it has continued to be to the present time. Three years later, in 1817, a great revival prevailed in town. Benajah Douglas and Daniel Pomeroy are remembered as the chief members of the church in 1825. A camp-meeting was held in Brandon, near the village, in 1831, and another in 1832. Elder Tobias Spicer presided at both. Bishop Elijah Hedding attended the first, preached and ordained a minister. Eev. Peter P. Harrower was appointed to the charge of the Brandon Society for the last quarter of tlie conference year 1831-5 and the succeeding year. When he went there he found about 30 members in the soci ety, mostly in middle and advanced life, the chief men of whom were Daniel Pomeroy, Benj. McDaniels, David Sanderson and Eli Mc Collum. About the first of September, ISL'.."', a, revival commenced and continued without interruption for some 8 months. .\s the result, about 60 converts joined the church on probation, aud all, with one or two e.xceptions, continued in the church. The first Methodist .'?unday-School in town 'was established by Mr. Harrower the same year. The Sunday-School, together with a bible-class meeting on a week day, had much to do with this revival. Mr. Harrower su perintended the school himself for some time. He then appointed Harry S. McCollum, su perintendent, who was at the time an uncon verted man, but he soon after experienced a change of heart. Later superintendents of the school have been Charles Sullings, jr.. Rev. William Ford, Henry L. Leonard and J. S. Stafford. A legal society w.as organized for building a Methodist church, Oct. 4, 1836, and on the I'^th, Levi Bacon, Daniel Pomeroy, H. S. CoUum, Edwa'd Fisk and Lorenzo Wa.sh- M. burn were chosen trustees, and Daniel Pom- eroy, building committee. It had already een determined to build a brick church with a tower, Daniel Pomeroy for himself and son subscribed i? 1350 for the church, the next est subscription being only ? 150, Tljg BEANDON. 473 church was built in 1837-8, and was dedicat ed just before conference in the latter year, presiding elder J-ohn M. Weaver preaching the dedicatory sermon. Through the efforts of Eev. John W. Bel knap, who was appointed to Brandon in 1838, the first pastor to occupy the pulpit in the uew church, in connection with the pas tors of the Baptist and Congregational church es, special services were held at Forestdale, the Arnold neighborhood, and in other school- houses about town, and an extensive revival occurred ; 30 adults were converted in the Arnold district alone. In this revival Lewis Barker was converted, who has since been one of the main pillars of the church. Un der the labors of Eev. Daniel F. Page, pastor in 1841, a series of meetings was held in the Arnold school-house, at which a large num ber of children were converted. The num bers of probationers reported to conference by Eev. C. E. Ford, pastor 1855-7, indicate that very considerable additions were made to the church by conversion during his term of service. The largest number of members that has ever been reported to conference, since Brandon became a separate charge, was 131 members and 11 probationers which were reported by Eev. B. D. Ames in 1862. The present officers of the church are as follows: Pastor, Eev. Andrew Heath; Stewards, H. S. McCollum, Lewis Barker, Wm. A. Williams, Emory Fuller, James L. Cahee Henry L. Leonard, A. Mc Laughlin, J. S. Stafliord and Asahel L. Cool. Leaders, Wm. A. Williams, Henry L. Leonard, and Chauneey Hewett. Sunday-School Superintendent, J. S. Staf ford. A very eligible lot, opposite the Brandon House, has recently been secured, on which to erect a new church.. This enterprise will doubtless be carried out at no distant day. The church has also erected a cottage on the New Haven Camp-Ground'. The following preachers have been raised up in connection with the Brandon society, viz. Noah Bigelow, licensed to preach in 1809. Nathaniel B. Alden, licensed to preach in 1810. Charles Pomeroy, licensed to preach in 1820, and Enoch Brazee probably licensed to preach about the same time as the latter. Mr. Bigelow entered the travelling connec tion in 1810., preached in the States of Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania. He filled im portant appointments in Portland, Maine, Pittsfield, Mass., Troy, N. Y. and New York City, at which place lie died about 1845. He was a man of genuine piety and superior tal ents, but injured his health by the practice of vociferous speaking. He commenced his re ligious life alone, so far as his own family was concerned, they all remaining unconvert ed till the great revival of 1817, when most of them were brought in. Charles Pomeroy joined the New York conference in 1822. He was a powerful preacher, and a man of deep conscientiousness and solid piety. He con tinued a faithful and useful minister of the church, till in the mental infirmity of ad vanced age he became a Swedenborgian. He has reared a most worthy family of children, several of whom have been called to fill re sponsible positions in society. Eev. Enoch Brazee left the church and joined the Free WiU Baptists. STATISTICS OF THE METHODIST EPISOOPAI, CHUEOH, BEAHDON. The following table contains the statistics of the circuit in which the Brandon society was included, from the beginning down to 1841, and from that time to the present the statistics of the Church in Brandon which has been a separate station : Tear. Members. Names of Ministers appointed. 1798 186 Joseph Mitchell, Abner Wood. 1799 274 Joseph Mitchell, Joseph Sawyer. 1800 343 Henry Eyan, Eobert Dyer. 1801 285 Ezekiel Canfield, Eben'r Wash burn. 1802 292 Eben'r Stevens, Joshua Crowell. 1803 295 Henry Eames, Ebenezer Stevens. 1804 351 Seth CroweU. 1805 388 Samuel Draper, Eeuben Harris. 1806 360 Samuel Howe, George Powers. 1807 395 George Powers, Lewis Pease. 1808 431 Dexter Bates, Steph. Sornborger. 1809 559 Francis Brown. 1810 645 Daniel Brumly, Tobias Spicer. 1811 408 Samuel Howe, Justus Byington. 1812 587 David Lewis, Beardsley Nor throp. 1813 640 Thomas Madden, David Lewis. 1814 611 Almou Dunbar. 1815 608 Justus Byington, Jacob Beeman. 1816 605 J. Byington, D. Lewis, Cyprian H. Gridley. 1817 733 D. Lewis, C. H. Gridley, James Covell. 474 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Year. Mom. Prob. Naums of MioiHtcrs appuiiitud. 1318 715 Isaac Hill, Phineh.as Doan. 1819 7:»C> Eli Barnelt, Moses Amidon. 1820 737 S.aiiiuel Draper, Jacob Beeman. 1821 77S Saiuiiol D.apor, Moses Amidon, J. Beeman. 1822 921 George Smith, Hiram Meeter. 182.5 4S2 Harvey Ue Wolf, I'hilo Ferris. 1821 501 Harvey Dd Wolf, Dillon Stev.:ns. 1825 420 Cyrus I'rindle, Lucius Baldwin. 1826 510 Cyrus Prin Uo. 1827 128 Orvil Kimpton. 1828 160 Joshua Poor. 1829 202 J. Poor, M. Chamberlain. 18. ;0 2cG Cyrus Meeker, ChristOjiher E. Morris. 1831 2.55 Charles Pomeroy, Lewis Potter. 1832 255 William Eider, John AUey. 1833 299 Samuel Eighmy, Asa C. Hand. 1834 272 1835 Eeuben Wescott, Peter il. Hitch cock, P. P. Harrower. 1836. 238 Joel S.juire, Lawton Cady, Man- ley, WiiheriU. 1837 333 Ezra Sayre, Braman Avers, Da vid P. Hulburd. 1838 390 E. Sayre, John W. Belknap, D, P. Hulburd, 1839 237 W. F. liurd, Peter P. Harrower, Ca-sius H. Harvey. 1840 311 W. F. Hurd, Micajah Townsend, David Osgood. 1841 293 Daniel F, Page. 1842 86 WiUiam A. Miller. 1843 87 WiUiam Ford. 1841 80 Thomas Kirby. 1845 78 Thomas Kirby. 1846 90 Mathias Ludlum. 1847 60 Mathias Ludlum. 1818 70 Albiuus Johnson. 1849 79 3 Albinus Johnson. 1850 72 2 Alvin C. Ueso. 1851 70 1 Alvin C. Rose. 1852 77 2 Diodorus H. Loveland. 1853 91 8 Diodorus H. I,oveland. 1851 100 8 Koaben Wasliburne. 1855 87 16 Cornelius R. Ford. 1856 72 35 Conielius R. Ford. 1857 91 31 Zina II. Brown, Wm. Ford. 1858 116 19 Zina li. Brown, Wm. Ford. 1859 114 6 Wj,^liam .\, Miller, Wm. Ford. 1860 116 3 Bernice D. Ames, Wm. Ford. 18G1 127 () Bernice D. Ames. 1862 131 11 Andrew Witherspoon, D. D. 1863 110 5 Andrew Witherspoon, D. D. 1864 110 2 Richard Morgan. 1865 112 3 Eiohard Morgan. 1866 Eichard Morgan. 1867 123 5 WiUiam Ford. 1868 124 3 Wm. W. Atwater. 1869 12410Wm.W. Atwater. 1870 120 9 Andrew Heath. 1871 115 8 Andrew Heath. The circuit of which the statistics are giv en above was at first called Vergennes, and embraced all the Methodists in Vermont, west of the Mountains. In 1799 it was cur tailed by the org.mization of Essex circuit, embracing that portion of Western Vermont, north of Williston. In 1801, it first appears under the name of Brandon circuit, all the ter ritory north of Salisbury remaining in Ver gennes circuit. It then, and for some time afterwards, extended south and west so as to include Danby and Wells, and Granville with Whitehall and Crownpoint in New York. In 1S21, the circuit was further reduced in size by the erection of Whitehall circuit from it, embracing ."^ihoreham, Sudbury, Hubbardton, Middletown and the towns to the west of them. The circuit before many years was still further reduced in size, and from 1826 to 1840 its boundaries and name were often changed. For one or two years, about 1835 It is not easy to determine from the Minutes in what circuit the Brandon Society was in cluded. Fr.jin 1841 to the present time, (1872), the boundaries of the charge have re mained substantially unchanged, embracing the town of Brandon aud the William's dis trict in Sudbury. EEOII A BISCODKSE Oif THE LIFE AND CHARAO-. TEK OF HOS. STErHEU A. DOU^JLAS. BY Rl-.r. B. D. .^MKS, DELIVERED IX THE METIMDIST E. CtdUKCU .\T BR.\SDO.\, O-N SL'NDAV, JUNK 9, ISGl.* "How are the niiijiity f.allcn in the midot of the battle " — 2d S.vmcel i. 25. During the last week signs of mourning apoeared throughout the nation. Bells were tolled, minute rruns fired, and flags were dis played at half-mast and draped in black. The telegraph flasned everywhere the melan choly intelligence that a distinguished citizen wa" no more. On Monday morning last, Hon. Stephen .\rnold Douglas closed his earthly career. The prominent part he had borne in the af fairs of the nation, the suddenness of his death, its occurrence in the high noon of his manhood and in the plenitude and maturity of his strength, as well as in the crisis of the nation's history, have all conspired to render the event peculiarly impressive. Truly, * Printed in pamphlet. — Ed. BEANDON. 475 " Death loves a shining mark, a single blow, A blow which while it executes, alarms, Aud startle;; thousands with a single full." The death of such a man, of one who has by his words and deeds occupied so large a share of the publio attention, and who has been so lauded by his friends aud decried by his enemies, affords a favorable opportunity to take a survey of his life and character. * And it is the more fitting for us to make this improvement of the solemn event from the fact that here was the birth-place of Senator Douglas, the home of his cliild- hood and youth, the residence of his father and grandfather, and their final resting place. * T^ * -»«-»-«¦ Mr. Douglas was born in the house now occupied by Justus Hyatt, Esq., in this vil lage, Apr. 23, 1813. His father, for whom he was named, was a physician — a native of Hancock, Mass. He died suddenly, probably of aneurism of the heart, with the future Senator in his arms, when the latter was but two months old. His grandfather, Benajah Douglas, was a prominent citizen of this towu and was for several years its Eepresent- ative in the State Legislature. He was an early and zealous member of the il. E. Cliurch iu this place. The mother of Mr. Douglas retired with him and a daughter 18 months older to a farm now owned and occupied by Mr. Henry L. Leonard, which she had inherited con jointly with a brother, the late Mr. Edward Fiske. Until young Douglas was 15 years of age he remained on the farm, in the mean time acquiring a, good common education at the Arnold school-house aud the old acade my. At this time he earnestly desired to prepare for college, but being thwarted in this by his friends, from pecuniary considera tions, he left the farm and engaged himself as an apprentice to the trade of cabinet-mak ing. At this he worked a year and a half, part of the time in Mr. Parker's shop in Middlebury, and part in Dea. Knowlton's in this town. His health failing, he left the shop and en'ered the brick academy, (now the district school-house on the south side of the river) in this place, where he prosecuted his studies for a year. He afterwards stud ied in the academy in Canandaigua, Ontario Co., N. Y., his mother and sister having mar ried a father and son named Granger, resid ing in that county. There he began the study of law. In the spring of 1833, he set out to seek his fortune in the great West, but was detained the whole summer by severe illness at Cleveland. After his recovery he visited various places until at Jacksonville, 111., he found his funds reduced to thirty- seven and a half cents. He walked 16 miles to Winchester, replenished his depleted treas ury by serving three days as clerk for an auctioneer, then opened a school which he taught for three months. While engaged in teaching he studied law, evenings, and prac ticed before a justice Saturday afternoons. Having been admitted to the bar he opened an pfEce in March, 1834. He was remarka bly successful in his practice, and his prog ress in his political career was truly marvel ous. Within a year of his admission to the bar, while not yet 22 years of age he was elected by the Legislature, Attorney General ot the State. In 1835, he was chosen a member of the Legislature of which body he was the youngest member. In 1837, he was appointed Eegister of the Land Office at Springfield, by President Van Buren. In 1838, he came within five votes of an election to Congress in a poll of 36,000 votes. He was then only twenty -five years of age. In December, 1840, he was chosen Secretary of State of lUinois, and in February, 1841, he was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court. In 1842, he was elected a Eepresentative in Congress, and was re-elected in 1844. At the close of his second term in the lower house of Congress he was transferred to the Senate, of which he continued a member for 14 years, untU his death. He v/as u prominent competitor for the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1862, again in 1856, and he finally achieved It in 1860, to be defeated before the people. But of these later events of his life, with which you are so familiar I need not speak. During the last 10 or 12 years no man has been so conspicususly and constantly before the American people as Senator Douglas. Scarcely a measure or principle, relating either to the home or foreign policy of the government, has been agitated within that period which has not received his vigorous support or encountered his energetic opposi tion. He will figure in history as one of the chief actors in the period of our nationnl history which is just now closing with civil war. He could not be said to have attained the first rank as a Statesman. He must have been endowed with capabilities more than human to have done so in spite of all the disadvantages under which he labored. His scholastic attainments were limited, and his circumstances must have always prevented him from supplying the deficiency by exten sive reading. Neither his youth as a farmer boy or a cabinet maker's apprentice, nor his manhood as an office holder and a partisan leader and stump speaker afforded an oppor tunity for acquiring that thorough culture and intimate acquaintance with history and the philosophy of government which are in dispensable to the great Statesman. It was a great mistake or misfortune* of * We could wish this, the paragraph above and two following, had been written more cavefully. " It was a misfonune to rush so suddenly from the workshop to his profession," " It wa.i certainly a great niiefortuno to him to be called so early to assume responsible oflB- cial trusts" and, "it is diiubtful whether he e^er fouud himself in a situation where he could not ac quit himself with credit," are not logical. We admit them, as they contain somewhat we would rutain. 476 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Mr. Douglas to rush so suddenly from the workshop to the active practice of his profes sion; and it was certainly a great misfor tune* to him to be called so early to assume responsible official trusts, from which, for any length of time, he never after escaped. As an off-hand debater, either in the Sen ate or on the stump, he was rarely equaled, and perhaps never vauquislied except when his antagonist had the better cause to plead. Ills adroitness and skill in debate were proverbial. A remark has been well apjilied to liim, which an opponent once made con cerning Henry Clay: "If I throw him, he goes off with flying banners, persuades the spectators that he is victorious, and alrno.-,t makes me think so too." His fertility in resources was wonderful. Notwithstanding the defects of his early education, it is doubt ful whether he ever found himself in a situa tion where he could not acquit himself with credit.* Vermonters have witnessed some thing of his skill in adapting himself to his audience so as to win the applause even of his determined opponents. I heard him deliver his speech at Middle bury College in 1851, when he received the degree of LL.D. there. That was the speech in which he afterward boasted of having made the remark that "Vermont was a good State to be born iu, provided one emigrated early." I have no recollection of his mak ing any such remark. But he certainly did not fail to win the admiration of the people. And you well recollect how in his speech here last summer he charmed away all the a=perity of your opposition to him. This power of adaptation, the freshness and vigor of his thoughts, his bold and untrammeled style of oratory with his heroic perseverance and courage and that indefinable magnetism which great leaders civil and military so often possess, made him the admiration, the idol of his followers. Among his remarkable characteristics were great self-reliance, an indomitable will, un conquerable energy and perseverance, and 'Wo ha7e desired an ahl- pape- on this groat Statesman, for the history of Urandou, and several years si.aco on- gag'-d tlie lion. D. A. S iKillej of Uurliugton, who hal tho adviUitngr, of an iutiinato aciiuainranco with Doug las to pr.iparo Ills biosnipliiciil akotcli ; and when wo found, a yo.-ir since, that ho shrank now from so much of 11 liteiary ellcn-l, aud named luul ou,,'agi'a Uuni-y Clark, of Vormout hislorioal fame, to bo his 8u^l^litull¦1 and ho, .ludgo Smalley, lial viailed hhu at RutUmd for this pui-poso, and had communicated to him hia luilp, and Mr. Clark hail assured aa that lie would givi. the paper, and has it underway hut not yet oomph tod- unwilling to go to proas with Brandon' papois without some account of tho "Liill,. Oiant" of the nation, born nt Dnindon, we havo concluded to give this e.vtrart hpfo. from tho commemorative sermon pre.ichud for him In his native town; and the biographical sketch Mr. Clark has in progress, with othur interostiog and valuahle papers, prepared aud being prepared, to follow the histories ofthe towns of lUitland County.— £a. dauntless courage, a boldness indeed which at times almost bordered upon recklessness. Hid self-reliance fiashed forth when his family dcci.led that he must relinquish the idea of acquiring a collegiate education. " Well then," he is reported to have said, " I will take care of myself," — a principle upon which he doubtless acted ever afterwards. In this trait he was well worthy of the im itation of his young fellow-countrymen. His unconquerable will, his quenchless energy, and undaunted courage were fully put to the test in his memorable struggle for the repeal of the slavery restriction of the Missouri compromise in which he was op posed by nearly the whole North, and again in his heroic struggle against the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton constitution, when he had the administration and nearly all the members of Congress of his own party pitted against him. Perhaps no other man living would have had the courage to throw down the gauntlet as he did in offering the Kanzas-Nebr.oska bill, or could have carried it through if he had. -* * TT -* -* -K- -* I. Judge Douglas was inexcusably prodi gal of that priceless boon, physical health. Although far from robust in his youth, yet in his mature m.inhood, he had an iron con stitution, and his powers of endurance were prodigious. But his free habits of living, and his Herculean labors were too much for any one to endure. Perhaps no one ever carried stump speaking to such excess as he did. During the presidential canvass of 1840 he addressed 20') politic.-rl gatherings. And his biographer states that in the four months occupied in his senatorial campaign in 1858, "he made 130 speeches — 127 of which were delivered iu tlie open air. He passed most of t'ne time in rail cars and car riages, on an average, going to bed but three times a week. On one occasion, during the canvass, he was five days and nights with out going to bed." The.se, with his last sum mer's tour, are but the more prominent spec imens of his labors in this particular field for the last twenty years. Aud some of his campaigns in the senate bave been hardly less se'vere than any before the people. * » * » »»» Senator Douglas was admonished of his iniprudenoo several years since by a serious .attack of tliroat disease. Again he was waru^'d one year ago by his broken health. But after the labors of last summer, and of the succeeding session of Congress, lie went home to Chicago to die. His'sun, alas 1 has gone down at noon! Who can say what service he might not have rendered his coun try for the next twenty-five years, in this new and glorious era of her history if his life had been prolonged. Of his early moral and religious culture 1 have been able to learn nothing. If it was neglected, it was his misfortune. BEANDON. 477 1. Mr. Douglas was a thorough American. He loved his country and gloried in its pros perity. He was wont to cast longing glances to that future when all North America would be embraced in our nation, and oiJrs would be an ocean-bound Eepublic. 2. Mr. Douglas was true to the Uuion from first to last. His final stand for the Union and the maintenance of the Government, the Constitution and the Laws was worthy of all praise. When the black cloud of treason, which had been lowering over our whole Southen horizon from the Potomac to the Eio Grande, burst in "leaden rain and iron hail" upon devoted Sumpter and its gallant garrison, then the bugle notes of Douglas were heard calling the people to the rescue. And surely "one blast upon his bugle was worth a thousand men." It has been truly said that " no voice has been more powerful than his in producing that unanimity and heartiness with which the people of the free States have raUied to the defence of their flag and their national existence ; no exhort ations to concord and energy have been more timely or more weighty than his." As soon as the last hope of reconciliation was gone, and civil war was seen to be inevitable, he called upon the President, tendered assur ances of his cordial support in maintaining the Government, and gave various practical suggestions and counsels of great value. It was even in contemplation to give him a Gen eral's comniission, that he might defend in the field that cause which he had so ably sup ported in the Senate and before the people, but he had encountered and been vanquished _by that foe to whom we must all sooner or later capitulate, has entered that war in which " there is no discharge." His decease at this time is regarded by the Administra tion at Washington and hy the people gener ally as a national calamity. 'Those who know him best, speak of his social and domestic qualities in terms of high commendation. Says a late writer in the Jn- dependent: "Bold, frank, genial and hearty, no man was ever less pretentious, less repel lent in manners. The poorest and humblest, if of the Caucasian race, found him always cordial, never sj^orting airs of superiority — a public-spirited citizen, a generous neighbor, a devoted friend. No white man was ever oppressed by his greatness, or ill at ease in his presence. Born of the people, he never sought to rise above them, but was hail-fel low with the rudest or the most benighted to the last." From hie perfect familiarity with the peo ple and his accessibility to them, the snobs and petty aristocrats, who sport their preten tions to superiority everywhere, might learn a salutary lesson. It is natural and fitting that men who are identified with the people as Mr. Douglas was, aud as the late Silas Wright was, should have their affections, while those of more courtly, but repellent manners, will only secure their cold respect. He was a devoted husband, an affectionate father, an ardent and generous friend. Was ready to give to the last dollar to relieve the destitute and suffering who sought his aid. Had he united the courtesy of a Sewartl towards his opponents with his own devoted- ness to his friends, it would have been to his advantage, but still multitudes of hearts were ardently attached to him, and thousands mourn for his untimely fall as for a father or a brother. Ou his visit to Middlebury College, al ready mentioned, he made that institution a donation of $500, and he founded a noble institution near Chicago, and enriched it with a princely donation. " How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle." Yes, in the midst of the bat tle of life and in the midst of the battle for our national existence, a chief pillar of the State has fallen. May the hearts that beat warmly for him in his lifetime, and that grieve for his early fall, now turn with a stronger affection to our loved father-land which he spent his last and dying efforts to save. Death, that comes with equal pace to the palaces of the rich and the hovels of the poor, has claimed for his own the Senator, the husband, the father, the friend, and all that was mortal of Stephen A. Douglas now sleeps on the banks of Lake Michigan, in his adopted State, near the institution founded by his benevolence, which is his noblest monument. PROPHETIC rOEESIGHT OF SEUATOK DOUGLAS. A remarkable exhibition of foresight by the late Senator Douglas — a native oi Bran don, and the bones of whose ancestors rest in the old Cemetery back of the Congregation al Church in this village — has been lately made public. In a speech in the House of Eepresentatives, Mr. Arnold of Illinois made these interesting statements : " Here I will pause a moment to state a, most remarkable prediction made by Doug las in 1861. The statement is furnished to me by General C. A. Stewart of New York, a gentleman of the highest respectability. Douglas was asked by General Stewart, (who was making a New Year's call on Mr. Doug las,) "What will be the result of the efforts of Jefferson Davis and his associates to divide the Union ?" Douglas replied : " The cotton States are making an. effort to draw in the border States to their schemes of secession, and I am too fearful they will succeed. If they do succeed, there will be the most terri ble civil war the world has ever seen, lasting for years. Virginia will become a charnel house; but the end will be the triumph of the Union cause. One of their first efforts will be to take possession of this capital, to give them prestige abroad, but they will never succeed in taking it ; the North will rise en masse to defend it; but it will become a city of hospitals ; the churches will be used 478 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. for the sick and wounded, and even the Min nesota block (now the Douglas hospital) may be devoted to that purpose before the end of the war." General Stewart inquired, " What justification is there for all tliis?" Doug las replied, "There is no justification nor any pretense of any. If they will remain in the Union I will go as far as the Constitu tion wUl permit to maintain their just rights, and I do not doubt but a ma,iority of Con gress would do the same. But, "said he, rising ou his feet and extending his arms, " If the Southern States attempt to secede from this Union, without furtlier cause, I am in favor of their having just so many slaves and just so much slave territory as they can hold at the point of tho bayonet, and no more !"— Vt. Record of April, 1864. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCO PAL OHUROU OP BKANDON. June 15, 1839, Messrs. Eoyal Blake, Benja min F. Greene, Charles Backus, Edward Sher man, Francis Webb, James Briggs, and Charles Blake, met at the house of Eoyal Blake in Forestdale — east part of Brandon. Eev. Dr. John A. Hicks, then Eector of Trinity church, Eutland, by request, being present. The parish of St. Thomas church, Brandon was duly organized, the foUowing elections being made : Charles Backus, Senior Warden ; Edward Shercgan, Junior Warden ; Eoyal Blake, Francis Webb, Benjamin F. Greene, Charles Blake, Vestrymen. Edward Sherman, Secretary. Edward Sherman first represented the parish in Diocesan convention at Middle bury, September, 1839. Services were held ¦for many years at the house of Eoj'al Blake, Forestdale. 1841. The few at the Village interested in the church united with those at Forest dale and elected Charles Backus, Senior Warden ; D. W. C. Clark, Junior Warden ; E. N. Briggs, Ben jamin F. Greene, Dana Barnes, Edward Sherman, Francis Webb, Vestrymen. E. N. Briggs, Treasurer. Edward Sherman, Secretary. After this, services were held alternately at the Village and Forestdale. 1845. Tho Diocesan Missionary Com mittee designated Brandon as a Missionary Station and aided it by pecuniary appro priations for some years. The first Eector was Eev. J. Perry. Ho was succeeded hy Eev. Samuel B. Bostwiok who remained 2 years. Sept. 20, 18-16, Eev. A. H. BaUey, who a few days before had been ordained deacon, commenced his ministerial labors here, which continued till 1850. He was sucbeeded by Eev. Thomas S. Eandolph, who resigned, Easter, 1836, from which time till Nov. 1857, Et. Eev. Bishop Hopkins, who always evinced a deep interest in the parish, gave it much time and fostering care, when Eev. H. H. Loring became Eector, resigning at the close of one year. At Easter, 1868, Eev. J. Newton Fairbanks became Eector of St . Thomas Church and labored for its extension till his death September, 1871. The present Eector, Eev. William Schouler, Jr, took charge March, 1872, and was insti tuted July 3, following. Since the organization of the parish some 300 have been baptized into the Church, and 220 confirmed ; present number of communi cants, 125 (about). A good church has been built at Forestdale, consecrated in 1353 ; and one of stone at the village consecrated in 1863 ; a pleasant rectory has been purchased. The growth of this church is vigorous. The following are the present officers of the parish : Eev. William Schouler, Jr., Eector. E. N. Briggs, Senior Warden, J. E. Higgins, Junior Warden ; J. A. Conant, C. W. Conant, J. Smith, George Bliss, J. H. Blake, E. J. Ormsbee, Vestrymen. J. E. HiGGiKS, Secret.iry and Treasurer. Brandon, August, 1S72. ST. THOMAS CHURCH, BBASDOS — COMMENCED, 1860; COMPLETED, 1862. "The church, of which the Bishop (the Et. Eev. John H. Hopkins) was the architect, is in the pointed Gothic style, with open dec orated spandrel roof painted light blue, chan cel proper, main and side alleys. It is built of blue limestone, quarried in the vicinity. The nave is 56 by 33 feet, chancel 15J^ by 16, wainscoted, after the old EngUsh. The wainscoting, as also the reading desk, lec terns, stall, open seats, (not pews), and doors of the church (which are handsomely carved), aro all of butternut, oUed. The tower is 16 by 11; height, 62 feet; and is surmounted by pinnacles and battlements. It encloses that indispensable necessitv (which speaks for itself), a fine-toned steerbell, the gift of a parishioner. The tower is soon to be sur mounted hy a massive stone cross. The en trances are through porches on each side. lhe tower opens into the church and is used for the choir and organ. The windows are by Doremus, and reflect great credit upon his taste and workmanship. They are all BEANDON. 479 of stained glass. The chancel window rep resents the four Evangelists, aud the large circular window in the tower represents the Lamb triumphant. The altar is 3 feet high, by 4 feet 6, covered with a crimson cloth, with gold fringe, the monogram I. H. S. worked upon it, being the handiwork of a friend outside the parish. The Bible and Prayer Books for the altar, lectern, and reading-desk, the Bishop's chair, the windows, the bell, and the font (of beau tiful white marble), are all the gifts of indi viduals, members of ( or interested in) the parish."* — Church Journal. CATHOLIC CHURCH IN BRANDON. PROM RT. RET. L. DE G0E8BRIAXD. The Catholic congregation of Brandon numbers 22.5 families ; The frame of their church edifice was erected in 1853. They have been att-ended at different times from Middlebury, Eutland and Burlington until the fall of 1858, when a clergyman was sent to live amongst them. The church was much enlarged and embellished iu the spring of 1853 through the care of Eev. W. Hal- pin, who then attended this mission from Middlebury. Eev. G. Caissy, the first resi dent priest erected a Large and substantial parsonage on Carver St. in the year 1870. The present pastor is Eev. J. Mc'Loughlin, who from this place attends to the Catholic congregation of Pittsford. BRANDON TOWN CLERKS. BY GEORGE BRIGGS, ESQ. 1784 and 1785, 1786, 1787,1788 and 1789, 1790 to 1794, 1794 to 1795, 1795 to Sept. 1809, Sept. 1809 to 1811, 1811 to 1815 1815 to 1822, 1822 to 1827, 1827 to 1868, 1868 to present date. Gideon Horton. Hiram Horton. James Ambler. Hiram Horton. Joseph Hawley. James Sawyer. Joseph Hawley. Samuel Mott. Daniel Pomeroy. Nathan Pierce. Isaac F. Merriam. B. Davenport. George Briggs. THE FROZEN WELL OF BRANDON. BT PaOF. A. D. H.\aER, EX-STATE GEOLOGIST OP VT. AND LATE STATE GEOLOGIST OF MISSOnRI. This well is situated in the western out skirts of the village of Brandon in " modified * The bell was given by Wm. T. Blodgett, N. T.j the font by Kev. Chas. S. Hale; the Bishop's chair by Chas. F. Dana, nephew of Dr. A. Q. Dana; a chair correspond ing to the Bishop's by Mrs. Hutehins ; the windows were contributed by parishonors. — JSd. drift" consisting of alternate strata of grav el, clay and water-washed pebbles. It is about 35 feet deep, the bottom being in a stratum of pebbles so free from dirt or sedi ment that the water is not roiled by the dip ping of the windlass bucket even if the wa ter is so shallow that it strikes upon the bot tom. It is evident that the drift material in which the well is located occupies a basin be tween two nearly parallel ridges or walls of limestone on the east and west, about one eighth mile apart, and unbroken beds of the same rook on the north. At the south end of this rock basin are deep beds of clay nearly or quite impervious to water. The drift strata are not horizontal but usu ally dip towards the south-east at an angle, in some places, of 25°. This was proved iu dig ging wells as well as in a gravel pit north west of the well a,nd about 130 paces distant. At the time the frozen well was dug consider able excitement was caused and much discus sion followed the announcement that frozen earth had been found at a depth of 25 feet below the surface. The Boston Natural His tory Society manifested great interest in the subject and Dr. Chas. T. Jackson, Prof. Eodg ers and Mr. W. Blake were appointed a committee to make investigations and re port to the society the cause of frost at such depths. What their report was I never knew, but was informed that some members of the committee believed, for a time, the frost to be the result of chemical agencies. Many experiments were made and new wells were dug with the hope of finding a solution of the interesting problem. If ice had not ap peared in the well after it was dug and wall ed up, the report that frozen earth had been found would doubtless have been believed by few, except those who saw it. During the winter following 1858, and every winter since, ice has accumulated in and around the well and remained generally till the ensuing autumn. The frozen well was dug in No vember, 1858. In September, 1869, a well w.as sunk to the depth of 29 feet and water reached, sev enty feet south east of the frozen well, but no ice or frozen earth was found. This was dug under tho direction of the Boston Nat. Hist, Society. The society also ordered one dug seventy feet north-west of the frozen well, towards the gravel pit before alluded to. On the 22d day of October at a. depth of 480 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. 33 feet, frozen earth was found. Other wells were dug by citizens in the immediate vicini ty for the purpose of getting water, but in no instance did they encounter frozen earth. In the clay alluded to, south of the rock ba sin, and about lUO rods south west of the frozen well, is a well only 5 feet deep. Tho surface of the land at this place is much lower than at tho frozen well, the dif ference being about tho same as that between the depths of the two wells. The same is true of the first well dug by the Boston Nat ural History Society. In a slight depression about ten rods north of the frozen well, and at least 25 feet high er than the water in it, there was a spring that furnished water except in very dry sea sons. This spring was located on a bed of compact clay that came to the surface at this place. From the gravel bank to the frozen well there is a surface slope nearly corresponding with the strata — or about 20° As this grav el bank may have been, or is likely to be re moved, it seems proper in -writing an arti cle for a historical work that a description of it be given. The road running from Brandon village to Sudbury was cut, about 10 rods, through a high knoll to the depth of a dozen feet or more and revealed strata as follows : At the bottom was a stratum of pebbles as free from dirt as those found on a sea beach. Upon this rested a stratum of compact clay more or less contorted and not of uniform thickness, but varying from six inches to three feet. Upon this was a stratum of gravel two feet thick containing large and small pebbles. Next above this were strata containing small pebbles some of which were free from dirt like those below the bed of clay. From these to the top of the bank the material was made up mainly of sand and small pebbles, rarely larger than a robin's egg- On the 25th of June 1859, in company with the late Prof. Edward Hitchcock, who was then State Geologist, I visited the fro zen well for the first time. On the 15th of July, I communicated to him., in an article published in the " Green Mountain Freeman," my views concerning the cause ofthe frost in the ground and the ice in the well, and, although many years have passed, yet I have not been alle to form a more plausible theory. Prof. Hitchcock did not fully endorse my theory, but suggested, 1st, that "These fro zen depo,sits may have been produced during the glacial period that accompanied the formation of the drift, and continued far down into the subsequent epochs of modified drift." 2d. "We maintain that in porous deposits, especially when interstratified with those nearly impervious to air, ice may be formed at any depth, and remain unmelted for a great length of time." I suggested, in the theory which I pre sented, that the occurrence of ice in the well and the frozen earth were occasioned by the peculiar conditions of that drift deposit — the alternation of clay and porous strata of gravel or pebbles, the dip of the same, the opening made at the gravel bank, by which the edges of the strata were laid open so that. cold air could enter them, and also the iso lated position of the drift deposits, it being wholly surrounded by rock and compact clay. Were it not for the internal heat of the earth all wells, out of doors, like the one under consideration, would freeze in winter, for it is a well established fact that cold air seeks the lowest points. When frozen, the wells would always remain so, for the heal from tbe sun would not be sufficient to melt the ice in them. If i» great depth of snow falls upon frozen ground iu the fall and re mains till spring, it is usual to find no frozen earth in the spring, although it might have been four feet thick when the snow fell upon it. Neither the sun nor the snow " draws out" this frost, but the internal heat of the earth is the agent that removes it. Being protected from the cold by the great depth of snow, the frozen mass is melted, first at the bottom, then continuing to the top the frost disappears and oftentimes vegetation starts its growth beneath the deep snow. This heat is com municated by air and water, both of which move in currents beneath, as well as upon the surface of the earth. Any one who has visited deep caverns in the earth need not be told that currents of air, as well as water, exist there. The Blow ing Cave of Virginia is the outlet of a large current of air, and the Mammoth Cave in Kentucky furnishes instances of large streams of underground currents of water. These are extreme cases. Eamifications from these and other large currents permeate every por- BEANDON. 481 tion of the earth's crust where fissures or interstices iu the strata exist. When cur rents of water laden with internal heat break through the surface they are called cold springs. Cold as they seem in the hot weather of summer, they never freeze in win ter. In a cold winter morning a frozen mist of fog may often be seen rising from these springs, and if bushes or other objects are over the spring they will become incrusted with a drapery of frost crystals. Now we will sup pose that one of these currents, just before it reaches the earth, is tapped by digging a well and it becomes a well instead of a cold spring. Precisely similar results would fol low. As soon as the water, having a higher temperature than the air, comes in contact with it, the latter becomes heated and at once rises up the well. In its ascent it meets the, cold air, to which it imparts so much heat as to preveut its farther descent; other wise the cold air would descend, and the water would freeze. As a rule, all wells are supplied more or less by these subterranean streams of water, which act as equalizers of the temperature of the earth's crust near the surface. But the frozen well at Brandon is an exception to this rule. As we have seen, it is an isolated basin of drift, cut off from other deposits by the limestone on three sides and by clay on the other. It is evi dent that all the water in the basin is sup plied from the surface. No ascending current of warm air rises in that well to prevent the descent of cold air in the winter, but the temperature is the same at the bottom and top. The water in the spring north of the 'Well was not like that of a "cold spring," for it would become covered with snow in winter. It was supplied only with surface water, aud this contained no extra heat to melt the snow as it -fell. But snow never remains over a " cold spring," nor does the ground freeze around one. I will remark in this connection that the spring alluded to has disappeared. To make it larger, a hole was dug entirely through the stratum of clay, and the water, ever since, has run into the gravel below, and the water that other wise would have continued to run from that spring now helps to supply the frozen well. We will next consider why it was that THE FROZEN GK.AVEL was found when the well was being dug. The isolated condition of the drift deposit was one of the agencies that helped to pro duce it. But if there had been no communi cation through which the cold air of winter could have descended into the earth, there would have been no frost, or frozen gravel. The opening of the gravel *ank, and the exposure of the edges of those strata of wa ter-washed pebbles afforded an opportunity for the cold air to descend. The alternating of clay and pebble beds and their incUnation also aided in the production of the frozen earth. Assuming that there was internal heat in this rock' basin, and there doubtless was a little that had been conducted through the solid earth without the agencies, of water and air, it would, when coming in contact with the air in the interstices between the pebble bed below the clay, heat it and cause it to rise and escape at the gravel pit. As an evidence that some heated air, laden with moisture, did escape from this hottom bed of pebbles, I will state that on a cold winter day, I saw the edge of it covered with a crust of frost crystals that had been pro duced by frozen vapor that had come to the surface and was congealed. No such incrus tation was visible on the edge of the pebble bed above the clay. All the heated air arose and escaped from under the clay. As the clay was impervious to air, there was none to ascend through the stratum above the clay. Therefore, as there was no ascending cur rent of warm air rising to check the descent of cold air, it followed its natural course by sinking down through the porous stratum above the clay, and froze the earth that was found there by the well-diggers. SINCE THE WELL WAS DUG, the cold air has settled into it, and doubtless has passed out more or less through the bed of pebbles-, freezing the ground above and below it, thus producing a large quantity of ice and frozen earth during the cold weather. As the warm air of spring and summer will not settle down into the well, and, as we have seen, it is nearly or quite shut off from the internal heat of the earth by its isolated position and by its inclined strata, the frost remains till late in the s'ummer or fall. I will suggest that in a very wet summer the surface water coming in contact with the ice would have a tendency to melt it, provided my theory is true. In other words, the ice 482 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL M.4.GAZINE. will remain longest when a dry summer succeeds a very cold winter, and melt the quickest when these conditions are reversed. Another condition calculated to aid in the pi eduction of ice will be named. As the surface water descends into this basin through the porous Keds of pebbles, the moving cur rents of air through them produce evapora tion. This alone is sufficient, when rapidly produced, to cause congelation. It is there fore evident that this is one of the agents employed to create and perpetuate this inter esting phenomenon. BRANDON PAINTS. BT J. H. HIGGINS. Geologists tell us there are more than four hundred kinds of simple minerals in the earth; but that five only of these minerals constitute about nine-tenths of the crust of the earth. The study of the geological position of the useful minerals is interesting — and the im portance of developing the sources of our mineral wealth has long been duly appre ciated. Among other minerals, brown hematite iron ore is abundantly found along the west ern base of the Green Mountains, in Vermont; and in certain localities it is found in a dis integrated, or decompresed state. In the east part of the town of Brandon, there is found an immense bed of decomposed hematite in connection with a mass of_ decomposed feld spar. This decomposed hematite, called yel low ochre, is being manufactured into' a val uable paint, of different shades, known as the " Brandon Paints." The decomposed feldspar is being manufactured into kaolin, called paper clay, and is used to give body and finish to paper. Mr. Samuel Spaulding, of Brandon, was the first to discover and utilize this bed of yellow ochre, in the manufacture of paint, about twenty years ago. He was succeeded by Mr. O. A. Smally, who for several years manufactured a limited .amount. Early in the year 1864, Dr, D. W. Prime, E. J. Bliss and J. F. Estabrook, organized the " Brandon Paint Co." This was finally merged into the " Brandon Kaolin and Paint Co., which became an incorporated Company by a charter from tho Legislature of the State, November 15, 1864, with a capital stock of $ 300,000. This Company have made aud sold each year, from 500 to 1000 tons of paint, which they claim possesses, in an eminent degree, all the qualities requisite for the protection of wood or iron ; and they present it with great confidence to the public. This paint being composed of protoxide and peroxide of iron, and deutoxide of manganese in variable pro portions, there are a variety of shades, from a light yellow to a dark brown, including also two or more shades of red. As they are ground very fine, and contain a large per cent, of manganese, which makes them dry quicker when spread in oil, they are, on this account particularly, preferred to foreign ochres. The eminent geologist of England, Prof. Lyle, examined this locality some years ago and pronounced it a geological wonder, on account of the regularity of the formation, and the quantity of decomposed minerals. The Ex-State geologist of Vermont, Prof. A. D. Hager, examined this bed in 1864, and from his report we quote : — " The extensive beds of ochre and kaolin belonging to the Brandon Kaolin and Paint Co., cover an area of 80 acres. These beds form a portion of the highly interesting de posits belonging to the tertiary formation which occur near the western base of the Green Mountains, and are exhibted at and near this locality on a more extensive scale than any other place in New England. The formation consists of alternate beds of brown hematite, black oxide of manganese, yellow ochre and kaolin, and occasionally, lignite, or brown coal. The inexhaustible supply of kaolin and ochre known to extend under nearly, if not quite, the entire surface of 80 rods square, should be a sufficient inducement for the in vestment of a capital sufficient to thoroughly develope these extensive and valuable min eral deposits.'' DEACON ASAHEL JUNE. FROM TUE BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH READ AT HIB PUNERAl, APRIL 20, 1862, BV REV. WM. FORD. Asahel June was brought to this town from Stamford, Ct., in 1774, then in the sec ond year of his age. The family settled down on the old patrimony in the south part of the town, where they remained in com parative quiet until the advance of Burgoyne in 1777. On the morning of the Hubbardton battle, July, 1777, the father, perceiving the approach of danger, made arrangements for the mother aud the two lads, Daniel and BEANDON. 483 Asahel, to retire within the lines of the American outposts, then at Pittsford, and trusted the carrying out of the plan to the mother and her children while he left for the fort in the same towu. Gathering the small pittance of stock and household valu ables, Mrs. June and her young sons, one seven and the other five years of age, retired to Wallingford, where they remained till the close of the War of the Eevolution, when they returned to the old homestead. Asahel's father's name was David, and, what was a, little remarkable, his three sons, Daniel, Asahel and David, married three sisters by the name of Simonds. Daniel's children were Ezra,* Milton, Frances and Milo. Dea. June resided on the same farm 69 yeara. His children, all of whom have sur vived him, are Olivia, (Mrs. Gill) ; Prudence A., (Mrs. Ellis) ; Lucinda and Harriet E., (Mrs. H. A. Sumner). Mr. June, during his long life, held vari ous offices iu the gift of his townsmen, and once represented the town iu the State Legis lature. He publicly professed faith in Christ by uniting with the Congregational church, March 2, 1817, and was appointed deacon after the death of his brother Daniel, in his stead. He was long known as one of the pillars of this church. He died Friday the 18th, aged 90 years, 2 months aud 12 days. — Brandon Gazette.^ CAPT. DANIEL FARRINGTON. [ Condensed from a biographical sketch published at the time of his death in the Ver mont Pv.ecord. — Ed.] Daniel Farrington, the youngest son of Jacob Farrington, was born of humble, yet highly respectable parentage, in New Canaan, N. Y., May, 31, 1773. When 13 years of age he removed with his father's family to the then new State of Vermont. The family settled in the valley of Otter Creek, — one of * The preaent aged Jadge Jane of Brandon, from whom we received this additional paper, and from whom we have asked a longevity table fur Brandon — a list of the names and ages of those citizeoa of Bran don deceased, not included in Dr. Dana's papers, who have attained 80 years or upward. But which uot having heen received, we can only give the few names we happen to have from news clippings. — Ed. f See biography of Daniel Jane and family la Dr. Dana's papers, — Ed. the best agricultural sections of the State — in the town of Neshobe, now Brandon.'* , Here young Farrington was devoted to agricultural pursuits for several years, and laid the foundation of his after success as a man. With an athletic frame, and an abund ant flow of life, his early years were passed in industry, and, untouched by dissipation, he grew up into a hardy and vigorous manhood. When twenty-one, his father being unable to afford him any substantial aid, owing to his own straitened means, with his axe and few clothes, and four dollars in his pocket, he was thrown upon the world, to get for himself a name and an inheritance. But with a stout heart and energy which was born with him, he went forth from his father's house. Having stopped for a time iu Milton, on the banks of the Lamoille, he purchased in Cambridge Borough, farther up the river, a tract of land consisting of 100 acres. This, of course, was bought on credit, and Farrington, in its purchase, as sumed considerable respon»ibility. The pur chase made, he plunged into the wilderness and was soon hard at work among the forest trees. He did not, however, remain long in that portion of the State ; the alluvial flats of Otter Creek, and the associations of his for mer home, called him to Braudon. Soon after his return he married a daughter of Dea. Ebenezer Drury, of Pittsford — a town immediately adjoining Brandon on its southern border. This lady was from a good family, and is remembered, — for she has been long dead, — as a person of amiable character, highly cultivated taste, and mental endow ments that rendered her a valuable and rare acquisition to any society. Up to 1818, the life of Mr. Farrington had been that of a hard-working man. He was one of those noble men who was not ashamed to toil with his own hands. It is true that his circum stances were narrow, aud rather compelled him to labor, but he did so cheerfuUy and resolutely, and already his thrifty manage ment and habits of economy were leaving to him a competence. In 1808, Lieutenant Farrington, for this title he now bore, having been elected to •This last name is undoubtedly a contraction of ^ Burnt town.'* which appellation was given tothe town ship after it was burnt by the Indians, who frequently viated it in its early history. 484 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. this office in the militia of Brandon, en- * tered upon a new life. Hitherto he had been chiefly occupied in home and private concerns; he now was called to participate in State and national affairs. Difficulties had grown up between the United States and Great Britain. A rupture between the two governments waa anticipated. The commercial relation of the two countries were seriously disturbed. The smuggling busiuess led to frequent encounters between the smugglers and Custom House officers, during the non-intercourse which proceeded the last war with England, in some of which blood was shed and lives lost. In the first serious affray of this kind Captain Farrington was an actor. May 30, 1808, he received orders from the Government to repair to the line between the States and Canada, for the purpose of sustaining the famous embargo laws. He complied with the request and was stationed at Windmill Point, 1^ miles from Eouse's Point, under the com mand of t'ne late Daniel Penniman, Esq., officer of Customs, and Major Charles K. Williams, late Chief Magistrate of Vermont. In August of this year a guard of 18 men were placed in his command with orders to pursue and take a smuggling vessel called the Black Snake. After reconnoitering the island in the lake, the vessel was discern ed and taken in the WinSoski a short dis tance from Burlington. In the melee several men were killed, and Lieutenant Farrington was seriously wounded in both arms near the shoulder. One ball struck his forehead passing over his head, grazing him in its passage and leaving him for a time completely senseless. Several of the smugglers were secured and safely lodged in the jail at BurUngton. After due process of law three of them were sentenced to the State's Prison for ten years, and one by the name of Dean was hung. In this encounter Lieut. Farrington showed great intripidity and coolness ; his character as a man of mettle and conrace was fairly established. Though his men were thoroughly frightened, and he him self faint with the loss of blood, the object of his mission waa most satisfactorily secured. From this time to the close of the war of 1812, he waa more or less engaged in active service, as a soldier. Eeceiving the ap pointment of Captain, in April of 1813, he was on duty at Plattsburgh and vicinity in all those memorable events which have made that neighborhood historical ground. Great confidence was placed in him by his superiors in command and to him was en trusted a great part of the work incident to building and rebuilding, alter their de struction, the barracka at Plattsburgh. In short, the time he was in service gave de cisive proof that had he seen fit to have continued in the army, he would have speedily arisen to the most honorable posi tion therein. But he chose rather to re turn to his home and to engage again in the peaceful pursuit-s of agriculture, and these pursuits on his part were crowned with great success. Honorable and high mind ed in his business transactions, he was uni versally beloved and respected by his fellow citizens, was frequently selected by them for important civic offices, the duties of which he discharged with ability and faith fulness. He was a member of the Con vention of the State for the revision of the State Constitution and his judgment was widely and repeatedly solicited in the adjustment of matters difficult and respon sible. Having previously buried his first wife, in 1842 he contracted a second marriage with an estimable lady who survives to mourn his loss. The marked traits of Captain Farring- ton's character were energy and good sense and if in early life he had been favored with the advantages that now come within the reach of every one, he would have made a wider and deeper mark in his day and gener ation. As it was, he exerted a vast influence and there is much to instruct one, in his history, and it causes a wide-spread feeling of sadness to think that the fires of so much energy have gone out in the darkness of death. The personal appearance of Captain Far- ngton was imposing, of a large frame, well proportioned and a noble countenance, he naturally attracted attention and commanded respect. The writer remembers of having from a friend the effect produced upon himself, on seeing the Captain during the war of 1812. He had been dispatched through the towns of Western Vermont, to warn the citizens iu view of the anticipated invasion of the BEANDON. 485 British army. Aa he rode through the vil lage in haste, with flushed cheeks and flash ing eye, he appeared like one born to com mand. In social life, he was genial and warm, a kind neighbor and sympathetic friend. In politics the Captain was originally a democrat, of the true Jacksonian type, and continued to act with that party up to the breaking out of t'ne rebellion in 1861, when, true to his patriotic instincts and life, he immediately identified himself with the Union party. Captain F. was far from be longing to that lamentably large class of voters, whose culpable indifference in public matters is such that they deserve to experi ence the salutary influence of the celebrated Grecian law upon this subject. On the con trary so positive was his interest in public affairs that from the time he was twenty-one he never failed to attend Freeman's meeting and to deposit his vote, aud what is most remarkable, he not only voted in this State, but in the town of Brandon, for seventy- one consecutive years, having voted for the first town representative from Brandon, Nathan Daniels — and for the last — Dr. Vol ney Eoss — and he was always able to go to the polls without conveyance. In the fall of 1814, he was stationed at Burlington, and rather than to lose his vote for town representative, he rode on horaeback to his home in Brandon and there attended Free man's meeting. He cast hia first Presiden tial vote for the immortal Jefferson and his last for the martyred Lincoln. Captain Farrington's health remained good and he was able to attend to his own affairs up to within a week of the time of his death. His steps was as elastic, and his form as upright as most men at fifty. Dur ing the last Bummer he cultivated his own garden, and he harvested and secured his crops with his own hand the week before he was stricken down. He never wore glasses. His eye sight always remained good and hia mental faculties remained unimpaired to the last. He died at his residence iu Bran don Oct. 7, 1865, at the ripe age of 92 yeara, 5 months and 7 days, calmly trusting in the hope of a blessed immortality. THOMAS DAVENPORT. BT HI8 BON, WILLARD O. DATENPORT; ABRIDGED AND EE- TISED BY CHARLES THOMPSON, OF BT. ALBANS. Thomas Davenport was born in Williams town, Vt., July 9, 1802. Of his antecedence but little is known, save, that he was the sou of a farmer who died intestate when Thomas was ten years of age. Young Davenport learned the trade of a black-smith at au early age, and opened a smith shop in Brandon where he plied his trade until 1832. At this time, he became interested in the subject of electricity, inso much, that it became the ruling passion of his mind during the remainder of his life. He at once abandoned his former business and devoted his whole energies to the devel opment of electro magnetism. He soon con ceived the grand idea of propelling machin ery by this new power. He was not long in producing rotary motion, which he effected by breaking and closing the circuit. In 1834, he secured the services of James Vaughn, a practical machinist and native of Eutland. They made several machines, bringing out many improvements. One of these models consisted of a battery in the bottom of a pint mug, with a horizontal shaft across the top, carrying a balance- wheel of polished brass. This model Mr. Vaughn says, waa put on exhibition in the city of New York, and elicited much inter- eat among the scientific men of that place. They proposed to buy the invention and called in Prof. Morse for the purpose of se curing hia opinion ou its merits. He ex amined it very minutely but withheld his opinion farther than to say, " It is certainly worthy of careful consideration and the sub ject ia one in which I feel a lively interest." Of this little speech, Mr. Buckland remarked, " The Professor probably went away with the rudiments of the telegraph working in his mind." In 1835, Mr. Davenport exhibited his in vention at Middlebury coUege, putting in motion a model trip-hammer. About this time, he also put in motion a vibrating lev er which moves with considerable force and velocity, and was in all respects essentially the same as that now employed in the oper ation of the telegraph. From Middlebury, he went to Troy and exhibited his invention before Prof. Eaton. He next went to Prince ton, New Jersey, and exhibited his machine before Prof. Henry. All the Professors and scientific men who had thus far witnessed the movements of his invention expressed great confidence in its 486 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. 'ultimate success as a motive power and Prof. Henry gave him a certificate as to the orig inality of the invention. In like manner he visited Prof. Bache of Philadelphia, and also held exhibitions in Washington, Springfield, Boston and many other cities. We may also add that, among other things, ho had on exhibition a mini ature railway. This he had on exhibition at Saratoga, in 1836, where he formed the ac quaintance of Eansom Cook, Esq., an enter prising mechanic who became interested in tho enterprise, insomuch, that he became a joint partner with Mr. Davenport and con tinued with him until 1838. Davenport and Cook made many models of machines, among which was one for the Patent Office. Letters patent were granted to Mr. Davenport for the application of magnet ism and electro-magnetism as a moving principle iu mechanics, Feb. 25, 1837. A letter has been found among .Mr. Davenport's papers written by Mr. Ellsworth of the Pa tent Office, July 4, 1838, in which Mr. E. says, " No other patent has been issued for such an invention." Thus placing the prior ity of the invention beyond dispute. In 1838, Mr. Cook left the firm and .Mr. Davenport pursued his experiments alone. In 1840, he commenced the publication of a paper, in New York, caUed " The Magnet," working his printing press by electro-mag netism. The following extract from the edi torial of his paper will convey some idea of what he believed would be the ultimatum of his labors. " From a comparative estimate of the pow er now used to propel our printing press and the cost of working a steam engine, many valuable facts are developed. By using the electro-magnetic power, the cost aud weight of thirty cords of wood would be saved on a single trip from New York to Albany. This would be thirty tons, equal to four hundred passengers." And he adds in conclusion, " The power of electro-magnetism is far. su perior to steam and must and will triumph antly succeed." This was the proudest day of his life since he believed hia invention a success ; but alas for the fate of thia new motive power ; Prof Page at this time appeared upon the stage of action, and, under an appropriation from government, tried the experiment of moving a train of cars by electro-magnetism ; but in stead of putting in motion 5000, or 6000 pounds of iron as he ought to have done, he employed 60 pounds only as momentum for his motor, and yet he did succeed iu propel- ing a train of cars from Baltimore to Wash ington ; but from the amount of power produced by his machinery, the scientific world decided that this new power is inade quate to the propulsion of heavy machinery ; and from that hour Mr. Davenport was forced to abandon his great enterprise for want of support commensurate with the vast ness of the undertaking: not, however, un til he had imparted to Prof. Morse much val uable information and thus contributed largely to the aggregate of practical knowl edge requisite to the success of the telegraph, the first line of which was put in operation between Baltimore and Washington in 1844. Mr. Davenport acknowledged the logic of the popular verdict by returning to Bran don and retiring to private life in 1842. Of his political and religious views but little is known to the biographer. He was married to Emma Goss, Feb. 14. 1S27, hy whom he had 2 sons who were both members of the 5th. Vt Vols. Capt. George, the eldest, waa killed in the battle of tbe Wilderness, May 5, 1864. Lieut. Willard G. was wounded in the same battle, but still survives with the pa ralysis of one arm. After returning to private life Mr. Daven port made some experiments with the view of -working the keys of a piano by electrici ty ; but with what success ia not known. Mr. Davenport died July 6, 1S51, iu the 49th year of his age. His widow survived him about ten years and also died. Though n man of humble birth, he pos sessed nobility of mind. Like most great inventors he was obliged to stem the tide of superstition, unbelief, ignorance and opposi tion and to suffer defeat in the end ; yet the world may one day learn to honor his name as that of a master mind whose share in the great work of harnessing the forces of na ture and making them subservient to human volition has not often been paralleled. When steam, as a motive power, shall have been numbered with the useless things of the past, having been superceded by electro- magnetism, when the services of the noble horse shall no longer be required by tha lumberman and the farmer, when even the pleasure carriages which throng the streets BRANDON. 487 of our villages aud cities shall be propelled by this new aud wonderful power, then will the name of Thomas Davenport be dear to the hearts of his countrymen and as familiar as household words. HON. JOHN HOWE, for many years a resident of Brandon and a well known citizen of this State, was a son of the Hon. Johu Howe, of Brookline, Mass., one of the promoters and early directors of the Eutland and Burlington Eailroad, and was born at Boston, September 24, 1819. He moved to Brandon several years ago and was connected with the furnace and iron works in that town. He subsequently established the extensive works for the manufacture of scales with which he was so long identified, and which made his name f.imiliar not only over this country, but almost throughout the world. He was a. Senator from Eutland county in 1865 and 1866, being a colleague of Seneca M. Dorr and Pitt W. Hyde. Mr. Howe removed to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where, after a brief illness, he died in 1871, at the age of 51 years. His funeral was held in Brandon. KODNET V. MARSH, ESQ., was the second son of Daniel and Mary Marsh of Clarendon, where he was born July 11, 1807. In 1834, he married Eliza E., daughter of Hon. N. T. Sprague, who sur vives him. Their children were Cora M., widow of S. W. Jones, Jr., of New York City, Clarence E. and Edward S. Marsh, and a son and daughter deceased. Mr. Marsh re ceived his early training in the schools-of his native town and at tbe Academy at Benning ton, and read law with Eodney C. Eoyce and SUas H. Hodges at Eutland. He came to reside in Brandon, July 11, 1832, and at that time was 25 years of age. His principal busineaa waa the profession a'nd prac tice of law, though he was more or less en gaged in political and literary matters, and had considerable to do with farming and hor ticulture. He always took an active part in all towu affairs and meetings, and was for many years (probably 10 or 12) elected town agent, to prosecute and defend all suits in be half of or against the towu. For many years the financial condition of the town, and the doings of its officers were reported by hira, at the annual meetings, as chairman of the board of auditors. Always taking decided ¦ground in favor of temperance, he delivered several public addresses on that subject, and many years ago, joined others in holding meet ings fordiscussions in all the school districts in town ; and they were so successful that nearly three-fourths of all the legal voters signed the pledge, and the cause, in Brandon, was never so popular as at that time. Politically, he was a Whig until the forma tion of the Liberty Party, in 1841. He at tended nearly all the State' Conventions, of the Liberty Party, and at many of them, drafted the resolutions that were adopted by those conventions, taking an active part in their discussions. He labored constantly and earnestly for twenty years, in connection with many noble men and women, in the cause of human liberty against the slave power, to accomplish its downfall. During many of these years he labored in what a great majority of the other par ties then believed to be a hopeless minori ty. He attended the National Free Soil Convention at Buffalo, in 1848, and assisted at the formation of the Eepublican Party in 1854. He and many of his co-laborers have lived to see the principles for which they contended, triumphant, and slavery destroyed. In the years 1856-'57 and '58, he was elect ed and served as the Eepresentative of the town of Brandon, in the Legislature the three regular sessions, and also the extra session of February, 1857. By consulting the Journals of those years, and "Walton's Book of De bates," for the extra session, can be seen what part he took during those sessions. They were all very active, exciting sessions, especially the regular ones, in regard to na tional and political topics. On these topics he was chairman of a select committee during all these years, and in 1856 and '58 made a report for the committee, and also drafted the resolutions in 1858, which, with slight amendments, were adopted almost unani mously by the House and Senate. The " Eeport of the Select Committee on Slavery, the Dred Scott decision and the ac tion of the National Government thereon," submitted to the House of Eepresentatives in the Vermont Legislature, Nov. 18th, 1858, was drafted by him and was regarded an able and interesting State paper. At tjje session of 1856, he was chairman of the committee on the Extension of Slaver)' and the then prevalent troubles in Kansas. He 488 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. presented a lengthy and elaborate report, re viewing tlio whole question of Slavery, fom the foundation of the Government, the Mis souri Compromise and the Kansas Contro versy. A minority report was presented, whicli caused much excitement and discussion. The bill was once disinisscd, but finally passed. In this struggle, which was in a measure a political one, Mr. Marsh devoted all his en ergy of will and powers of argument nntil his object was accomplished, and he always considered it, as it was, a remarkable triumph over the conservative views of that period. Mr. Marsh pushed those measures through with'energy and will, rarely exhibited by any legislator. It was in his legislative career he was most prominent belore the State at large, and to which he attached much impor tance He had an experience which has been allotted to few men in our State, and he proved faithful to his convictions of right and duly. He was a man of extensive reading, and varied intelligence. Familiar with the his tory of Government and parties, he had a faculty of combining facts and statistics, which enabled him to handle his view of a subject with skill, ¦whether iu debate or in newspaper controversy. Mr. Marsh died at his residence in Bran don, Friday evening, March 8, 1872, aged nearly 65 years. His death was the result of a sad accident He was milking a cow in a narrow stall in his barn, about dark on Thursday evening. The animal in attempting to turn, caught Mr. Marsh between her body and the side of the stall. He called for help but was unheard, and made his way alone into the house. Dr. Peck was soon there, but as no outward signs of injury wore visible — and as he was suffering much pain, it was at once feared there was an internal injury. He was in severe pain during Thursday night and Friday morning. Near noon he appeared to be failing. Dr. Dyer waa called, but it was apparent that he was bej'ond the reach of medical skill. He sank rapidly until his death at 7 o'clock. A post-mortem examina tion by Drs. Peck and Dyer on Saturday, dis closed a rupture of one of tho intestines. — Material for the above from Mrs. Eliza E, Marsh. BRANDON GRADUATES FROM MIDDLEBURY COL LEGE — FKOM PIEESON's CATALOGUE, 1853. 1821. EZaA JUNE was born in Brandon in 1796 ; read law with BarziUai Davenport, Esq., of Brandon, and has practised in that town since. He was judge of Eutland Co. Court 1843-1847; mem ber of tbe Vermont Senate 1848-50; States Attorney for Eutland, 1850. 1323. THOMAS JEFFERSON CONANT (Son of John and brother of John A. and late Chauneey W. Conant) was born in Brandon, Dec. 13, 1802. He was tutor iu Columbian College, D. C, 1825-'27 ; Profes sor of Languages in Waterville College, 1S22 -33 ; was ordained a minister of the Baptiat denomination, but v.-a; never settled over a parish ; in 1835 became professor of Hebrew and Biblical criticism in Hamilton Univer sity, N. Y., following tbe University on ita removal to Rochester. For the last 20 years, Mr. Conant has been engaged under the au- .spices of the American Bible Union in the revision of King James' translation of the Old and New Testament Scriptures. His new version of the books Genesis, Job and Psalms, command the admiration of biblical scholars, as well as the general reader. His translation of Gesenius Hebrew Grammar has proved a valuable aid to American students. Since his connection with the Universitv at Rochester, he ha< resided in Brooklyn, N. T. He received the degree of D. D, in 1844. 1S24. LTMAX GILBERT, born in Brandon, June 13, 179S ; graduated at Andover Theo. Sem. in 1827 ; became pa.-tor of the Congregational church in West -Xewton, Mass., in 182S, and still remains there (1853.) He received the degree of D. D. in 1850. 1826. SETH HARRISON KEELER, born in Brandon, Sept. 24, 1800; fitted at Brandon and Castleton academies ; was pre ceptor of New Ipswich academy, N. II, 1826- 27; graduated at .\ndover, Theo. Sem. 1829; was pastor of the Congregational church in South Berwick, Me., where he was in 1851. 1838. JONATHAN AVERY SHEPHERD, D.D., Studied theology at the General Theological Seminary, New York City and is an Episcopal Clergyman of the P. E. Church, and Teacher at Ellicotts' Mills, Md. (1872.— Put.) BEANDON. 489 1839. EKASTUS CARTER SPOONER ; teacher in Vt. Literary and Scientific Insti tution, 1839-40 ; studied at Uuion Theo. Sem. New York City, 1840-41 ; died in Brandon of consumption, Dec. 11, 1841, aged 27. 1839. CHARLES CARLOS BISBEE was preceptor of the Vermont Literary and Scientific Institution at Brandon— (common ly known as Brandon Seminary — Ed.) in 1839-42 ; of Addison County Grammar school (at Middlebury) 1842-44 ; then for several years associate principal of Bakers field Academy (Franklin Co.) 1845. SAMUEL MILLS CONANT, born in Brandon Nov. 22, 1820, fitted at Brandon Seminary, studied at Union Theo. Sem., 1844-46 ; was teacher in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1846-43 ; read law and commenced practice at Brandon ; was editor of the Ver mont Union Whig, sometime; Assistant Clerk of the house of representatives iu 1849 ; Assistant Secretary of the Senate in 1850 ; since then has been Secretary of the Senate. He is a nephew of John A. Conant. 1848. GEORGE DANA engaged in mercantile pursuits in California. 1851. JAMES EDWIN ROSS, born in Braudon, Sept. 20, 1827, fitted at Addison Co. Grammar School, and Troy Conf. Academy, Poultney ; became a teacher in Helena Academy and is reading law (1853.) 1852. EOYAL DANIELS ROSS, born in Brandon, August, 1830, is a teacher ' in Flemingsburgh, Ky. (1853.) REVOLUTIONARY PENSIONERS OF BRANDON. FROM THE U. 8. CENSUS, 1840. Ebenezer Squires, aged 82. Sophia BurneU (widow), " 80. Eoger Smith, " 78. David Merriam, " 80. Phebe Tracy (widow), " 73. In our vUlage churchyard stands, or rather has stood nntil within a few days past, a plain marble slab bearing the follow ing inscription : Over the body of EICHABD "WELCH, during five years a soldier under WELLINGTON in the PENINSULAE WAE, and during all his life AN HONEST MAN. This stone is erected by his friends. He was born in Ireland 1783; Died in Brandon, Vt., 1842. On the 22d of August the sons of the do- ceased, had the remains removed to the new Cemetery north of the village. The coffin was found in a very good state of preserva tion — sufficiently ao to enable it to be brought to the surface, with its contents, quite entire, by as careful and experienced a person .'is the worthy sexton, Mr. Parkhurst. The remains consisted simply of the bones, which were quite whole, and in the position in which they were placed twenty-two years ago last March. The most interesting feature connected with the exhuming was the dis covery of the character and nature of the wound received by the deceased at the battle of Vittoria, fought June 22, 1813. The wound occurred midway between the hip and knee joints of the left leg, rendering the knee joint stiff ; thejoint was natural, how ever, but the thigh bone was found lapped and enlarged, and just underneath the injury, on the bottom of the coffin, was found the bullet flattened out to the size and thickness of a large cent. — From Vt. Record while pub lished at Brandon. REV. WILLIAM POED. SIXTEEN TEARS A RESIDEN'T OP BRANDON^SELECTIONa FEO.M HIS POSMS.'l' Eev. Wm. Ford was born in GlenviUe, Schenectady Co., N. Y., Oct. 28, 1821 ; en tered the ministry of the Church in his 21st year, having been a member from his 16th year. His first year was on Greenfield circuit, N. Y.; his second on the Mechanicsville charge, in the same county, and on the beautiful banks of the Hudson. In the summer of 1843, he was appointed to Brandon, where he became acquainted with Miss Ermina M. Fisk, only daughter of Edward Fisk, to whom he was married in March, 1845. In 1853, the clergymen's sore throat com pelled him, at the close of his two years' service at Eutland, to retire from active work, and he went to Brandon, where, 2J miles north-weat of the village, he erected the necessary buildings and made himself and family -a home, where he resided 16 * 'We are indebted for the substance of this sketch to the reverend author — Mr. Ford has deceased since the above was written. — Ed. 490 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. years, beautifying his grounds, engaging as an amateur in the cultivation of fruits and flowers, particular'y the grape, until "Floralsido" grevv to bo one of the loveliest cpots in all that part of the Sta'e — fit home for a clergyman, editor and poet. In 1857, Mr. Ford purcha-ed the " North- ead:-rn Christian Advocate," then published by Rev. A. C. Eoso, at Brandon, and entered upon his new work as editor and proprietor. Pecuniarily, thia was a poor speculation, but it afforded its owner a field for his talents peculiarly gratifying to his feelings and taste. In 1859, he changed the name of his paper to the " Northern Visitor," a religious and literary sheet of no mean ability. Many excellent contributors were regularly employed, and much new and pleasing talent w.as revo.iled and developed, and a vast amount of work and brain was put into the unpretentious publication, by its editor. Indeel, he over-worked himself, running a book store, cultivating his grounds, and usu ally preaching each S,ibbath, besides work ing some 16 hours a day on his paper. Mr. Ford began writing verses early in life, and his paper contained many of his own poetical effusions, besides bringing prominently before the world other gifted sons an 1 daughters of song ; among others, Eev. Dr. John Wesley Carhart, author of "Sunny Hours'' and the "Hebrew Poets"; Miss 0. E. Paine, (now Mrs. Thomas,) and Mrs. A. II. Bingham, one of the sweetest writers of poetry Vermont has ever had. The work of editing and publishing, with limited resources pecuniarily, led to a dis posal of the " Visitor" early in 1S71. As a preacher, Mr. Ford is well known iu Western Vermont, among other churches than those of his own denomination, having served as pastor in Brandon, Leicester, Salis bury, Vergennes, Bristol, Burlington and Eutland, and proachod 6 months each for the Congregational Church of Brandon and the Ijaptist Church of Whiting. As a preacher, ho is characterized by sys tematic arrangement, force, clearness and power, and a good taste that marks all his ]iublic performances. As a prose writer he is concise and perspicuous; as a writer of verses — (wo give what wo regard a fair illus tration of his fairest talent.^E'J.) He has long contemplated publishing a volume of his poems. He aided in starting " The Household" and stUl contributes to its pages. In 1868, his health again giving way, ho was compelled to retire, at least for a time, from the ministry, and in April, '69, he with his family moved to Battle Creek, Mich., where he resides at this time, in improved health and spirits, preaching often with his nsual acceptability, aud is, we learn, contem plating assuming pastoral labors this coming autumn, (1872). He has done something for both literature and religion in Vermont, besides the facts mentioned. He was chosen by Misa Hemen way aa one of her committee, in making selections for "The Poets and Poetry of Ver mont," and aided in bringing out the poems of Gilbert Cook Lane, decea.sed, &c. He is known among his friends for his taste in literature and art, and for hia critical skill in the various departments of thought, cul ture and the practical activities and customs of life. He is what he calls a "High Meth odist,'' yet loving all things true and beau tiful, God and all good people. The following is the title page of a poem published in pamphlet form : " Celestialism : a Poem delivered at the Town Hall, Brandon, February 11, 1862, on the occasion of a Benefit given to Eev. B. D. Ames and family. "7 had a dream that was not all a drea.'n" ; By Eev. Wm. Ford Brandon: Printed at Gazette office, 1362." FAREWELL TO SU.MMER. DT REV. WILUAM FORD. Farewell to the Summer! whose bright golden, hours Slejit soft on my heart, like the dew on the flowers; To it.s sweet scented Mo.^soins, God's angels as fair. Which fllled with their fi-agrance the soft balmy air; To tho wild-warbling songsters, who trilled thoir glad noti-s, 'Till tlioir swelling songs choked up their joy speak ing throats. Disrobed is tho garden, 'noath whose shady bower, Teil rested and dre;iiii.-.l through the noontide hour. Whilst Ihii honey-l.ees' hum fell so soft on the ear That Fatigue often dreamed of a Paradise near And tho Joy. dancing moments, perfumed with the rose. Seemed a mockery of bliss— too short for repose. Young buds which in spring-time adorned the green leas. In Summer their petals flung out to tlio breeze, ' Till Flora had docked all the land with a bloom That charmed from the heart all of sadness and gloom; But, alas, with the Summer this loveliness fled !_ Like a babe in its shroud it lies withered and dead. BEANDON. 491 Tho landscape is robbed ofits emerald green, And gone from the skies is their bright golden sheen The woods' leafy grandeur is faded and sear, Whilst the hoarse breath of Autumn howls moarnful and drear : And Oh ! as I gaze on the frost- withered leaf, I weep for the loved ones whose stay was as brief. My heart often bleeds, like a thrice-stricken deer, When I think their glad voices I'm never to hear I The sweet-singing birds will come back with tfhe Spring, And Summer fresh beauty and fragrance will bring ; But tho loved and departed — I'll see them no more. Till I greet them iu bliss on the over-green shore. Till then, with the Summer, I'll bid them farewell. While sorrow and hope ray sad bosom shall swell ; And the fresh smelling turf of each newly-made grave, ril often revisit with tear-drops to leave, And kiss the sweet rose that smiles on the sod — Bright emblems of loved ones ascended to God. OCTOBER. BY BEV. WILLIAM FORD. Nature seems struck with death. The hectic fiush, Which glows 80 brightly on her wasted cheek. Reveals the foe that preys upon her heart. Jew moons ago young Spring came joyous forth, With verdant robes and songd of gushing praise, While swelling bud and newly fluttering leaf, With gurgling brooks and gentle hum of bees, Proclaimed the universal juy. How brief ber stay ! A few short weeks she held her peaceful reign, More beautiful each day, with plumper cheek, A lighter step, and ever brightening eye. Till Summer, her gay sister, flaunting came, When Spring, the modest maiden, blushing smiled. And courtesied adieu. So rag^ly Did Summer dance the golden hours away, Replete with love and beauty, joy and song, That ere the tide, which brought this argosy. Seemed half its destined height, its ebb began. October ! melancholy and serene ! The chastened sadness of these halcyon days, So like the spirit, patient and subdued, Of her whose sixteenth summer's beauty fades Before the touch of that insidious foe Who revels most with beauty, talent, worth — Consumption, greedy of the loved of earth, And garnerer of early fruit in heaven — JBxalts my soul, my passions all subdues. The cheerful music of the Summer hours Is gone. The birds have fled, all save the crow, Who croaks his hoarseness with a deeper tone. Rejoicing there's no rival to his song. The dead and withered leaves fall mournfully, And pile the lawn, the dell, the burial ground Wilh drifting banks of crimson and of gold. Along the mountain peaks and on the hills There, hangs a laiety shroud, and e'en the sun Half vails his burning eye, to view the scene. The air rings hollow, so the rattling train, Which rumbles heavy through tho distant vale Seems scarce a mile away ; the woodman's ax Far o'er the forest brown its echo sends, Along the steeps and crags of distant hills ; And e'on the raven's voice, as on ho flies. Lazy and garrulous with new felt joy, Sooms strangely to possess a ten-fold power. As o'er the features ofthe dying saint A now, unearthly beauty often comes — The last sweet look of innocence and love, Which falls like balm upon tho bleeding heart, And almost reconciles us to his fate — So nature, touched by death, serenely wraps A diadem of glory round her brow, And chants a requiem to departed joys. The landscape smiles', the golden corn ia piled, And waiting to be garnered ; while among Its tasseled heaps, wide-spread upon the ground, T\v> mammoth pumpkins, ruddy as the sun When he goes down in smoke behind the hills, Are making merry for the husking eves. Or half impatient for Thanksgiving day. The luscious grapes in purple clusters hang, Half hid behiud the curled, frost-bitten leaves. The white petunia and the larkspur blue, The purple monkshood and the phloxes gay, Never seemed half so fair and sweet as now. Encrusted with the hoar-frost, death's embrace. The bending orchard looks a mount of wealth, Spreading tho trodden grass about each trunk With piles ot blushing fruit, more precious far Than California's dust, since this we give, Almost in weight, in glad exchange for that. How bright! how sad I how beautiful I how gay! How much like life ! how fraught with death I Art thou, October ! and Oh I how I love Theso days of withered hopes and faded joys ! And in my love there seems a sacredness. It so divests me of my earthiness, And lifts the groveling soul to brighter scenes And joys immortal, where love reigns for aye. TO A LITTLE DAUGHTER ON HER BIRTH-DAY. OCT. 6. 1860. Br REV. WILLIAM FORD. Waiting, hoping, trusting, Make the spirit strong; Cheered by expectation. Thou hast waited long; Come at length has Autumn, Clad in rich array, With its golden treasures Comes thy natal day. Fled have five bright summers, Winged by light and love, Since like some sweet angel, (Nestling like a dove In thy mother's bosom) Lily, thou didst come, Gracing with strange loveliness Our Green Mountain home. Precious little casket. With a priceless gem 492 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Fit to deck a coronot. Or a diadem ; Lovely as tho roeo-bud, Pui o as flake of snow, Angel liauds defend thee Through life's Joys and wool Picture nf thy mother 1 JCyc'4 as dark as jet — GeiiiM "f purest watur — Stars that never sot ; Cheeks as plump as pooches, Dimpled on tlie right, Blosamol what a tretisure In a father's sight. Moulded form of beauty, Limbs of classic grace. Brow for mind's enthrouement, Joy-lit, beaming face ; At our own dear Floralside, Midtt tbe smiling fiowers, Thou hast with tho humming-birds Chased the golden hours. For thine only brother Moot companion fair, Like the dancing sunbeams. Gliding everywhere; Mirth and joy and gladness Follow in thy train. As both life and verdure Crown an April rain. Thou hast known no sorrow ; Thou no sin hast known ; Love and joy and beauty With thy life have grown. Sporting in the sunshine. Thou shalt speed apace, Toward the realm where Duty Rules with queenly grace. Life's rough path hath perils, Evils throng around Fate frowns from the heavons, Pit-falls strew tho ground ; Through the changing seasons Heaven protect thy way, 'Till a new October Brings thy natal day. THE VERMONT VOLUNTEER. BY REV. WILLI.VM FORD. Three cheors! for tliy Grcon Mountain Boys, old Ver mont, Who fought for our country so tloar; When dangers woro thickest thoy rushed to the field — Threo choorsi for each briivo Volunteer I Tho thunder of Snmtor aruusod all lliotr prido, As Its orii(nj.4 full sad on tho oar ; And to join in tho conflict each y^ung hero sighed — Throe choorsi for the bravo Voluutoor. Thy valleys shall shout to thoir praise, old Vermont, And hill-tops re-echo tliu cheor ; And granite and marblo proclaim o'er thoir dust Thy love for the brave Voluutoor ; The spirit of Allen and Stark strung their nerves, They neither knew failure, nor fear ; And a Swiss love of freedom bnrned bright in the BOuI Of each gallant and brave Volunteer. Ah I dear to each heart was thy fame, old Vermont, And tho pathway of duty was clear; And thy ancient renown a new luster has won By the deeds of each brave Volunteer ; A halo of glory shall circle each brow. The dead be embalmed in our tears ; And a country united, when Victory is ours. Shall honor thy brave Volunteer. Then hurrah I for thy Green Mountain Boys, old Ver mont ! Their bays shall grow green with the years ; With patriot soldiers, from each royal State, Side by side stood thy brave Volunteers: They stnick for their country, for Freedom and Right, And God for their help did appear ; And millions unborn, of tbe wise and the good, ShaU huzza for the brave Volunteer. PERFECT THROUGH SUFFERING. BT EEV. WILLIAM FORD. The storms which rock the mountain pine And toss its green plumes to the sky, But settle and extend the base That lifts the giant shaft on high. The clouds which crown the mountain's Irow, And veil the eagle's piercing sight, Cause him on dauntlees wing to soar To regions of unclouded light. So every woe the good man feels I — The cresteJ waves that o'er him roll, Temptations, sorrows, griefs and fears, But strengthen and confirm the soul. A stronger faith in truth divine, A nobler type of saintly life, Tbe God-like in t^ human form, Are born midst sorrow, trial, strife. Few flowers in Paradise shall bloom. But those Gethsemane hath grown ; And they its highest bliss shall share, Who most of Calvary have known. Then let winds rage ; tho wild storm beat ; And dreadful be the tempest's shock; Unharmed the faithlul soul shall stand, Finn as the adamantine rock. Floralsido, IS62. PUAVER IN SICKNESS. MRS. A. n. BINQHAM.* Oh I let me live, my Father; life is sweet, Aud full of beauty and of joy to me ; * Mrs. Bingham was born in St. Albans— See history of St. Albans, Vol. II., p. 361. But as she resided in Brandon during the time that most of her poetry was written, we think— and where she first appeared in print as a poetical writer, and was by her own choice classed among the Poets of Brandon in her contribu- BEANDON. 493 While present hopes and future prospects meet To form for me a happy destiny. I know that e'en the brightest hopes decay ; That many an anchor fails to which we trust, Our treasures ruthlessly are torn away. Our idols crushed — lie mouldering in the dust. But yet, my Father, life is dear to me. As through its mazy paths I pass along; The beauty and the harmony I see Inspire my spirit witli a gush of song, My heart is swelling with a wild delight, Its chords are touched to many a thrilling strain; As all earth's beauty bursts upon my sight, — To try to sing the half I feel wore vain. I love to live, my Father — yet I know Temptations compass me on every side, And disappointments meet me as I go, Sickness and sorrow, pain and death betide. And coldness often meets me where I turn. For sympathy and love, and kindly trust. And friends for whom with tenderness I yearn, My heart all coldly trample in the dust. But yet, my Father, yet I pray to live, For there are those to whom my life is dear, Those whom I love and who would gladly give Their all of life, could they but keep me here. And life is beautiful, fair and bright. The air is filled with sweetest melody, The breezes play around mo soft and light, And everything in nature speaks of Thee. So for the sake of these bright things of earth, The birds, the flowers and the pure, blue sky, For all the beauties Thou hast given birth, My Father, let me live, I cannot die. And yet I would not murmur — let me say Thy will, not mine, whate'er it be, be done ; Help me to bow submissive, Lord I pray. For what is best is known to Thee alone. TO YOUNG LADIES. MRS. A. H. BINGHAM. A word to the girls of our Brave Yankee nation. So admired and loved by the Lords of Creation; Who though they pretend to be wonderful wise. Are always ensnared by your bright, witching eyes. Your personal charms, with your smiloa and your glances, And the glittering net-work of glowing romances. Many sensible fellows may draw to yonr snare. But, girls, let me tell you you'd better beware. Though your bright eyes and beauty may win you a lover, tion to the Poets and Poetry of Yermont; and morever as but one of her briefest poems was given with the St. Albans literary productions, we deem it proper and but just and pleasing to give her a more perfect repre sentation in her old and once loved Brandon home. Mrs. Bingham is deceased it will be seen by reference to the St. Albans History.— £5. If sense does not back thora, the game is all over. To be truly a lady — a lady well-bred — With all of your charras, you must have a sound head ; And a sensible girl you may know understands How to use to advantage, her head and her hands. Now I've heard a girl say, that she did not know How to knit a whole stocking, and, oh dear ! to sew. At least on plain sewing, the thought was quite shock ing) She would not for the world stoop to mend her own stocking. But when she went homo would take it to mother. You'll scarcely believe it, but there was another Who said that she did not know how to wash dishes I Now thatgirlf I'm sure has my very best wishes; Bnt if I were a man and she were a Hebe, And as rich, and as great, aa the old Queen of Sheba, Do you think that I'd marry her? marry her — never I If I Uved an old bachelor for it forever. I've heard many say, that they did not know how To cook a potato; the sight of a cow Would give them hysteries ; the crow of a cock Would give to their nerves a most terrible shock. These delicate girls have all learned to make Holes and scallop in cambric, and ve'i-y nice cake. But mercy I to think of a shirt for their brother. Or to fry up a pan-full of nut cakes for mother, The thought were enough to distract — and all that, They surely should die just to smell of lhe fat. Now girls, let me tell you, ju-^t roll up your sleeves, Go into the kitchen, make butter and cheese, And dumplings and doughnuts and nice loaves of bread. Both wheaton and Indian— don't shake your head; But go right to work, prepare a good meal, Learn to cook ham and eggs, and beef-steak and veal ; Make puddingB and pies, and take care of the cream, Keep everything 'round you in order, and clean ; You must learn to mend stockings to sew and to knit, My darling young ladies, 't wont hurt you a bit; But see if it does not prove true to the letter You'll be happier far, and a thousand times better ; It will make you more sensible, more at your ease, And you'll please all you meet without trying to please. Meantime, my dear girls, you must lay up a store Of good, useful knowledge ; you must explore The mystical workings of nature's great plan, And the greatest events in the history of man ; Mathematics and l(^ic, and Rhetoric too ; The history, both ofthe old times and new ; There are three things, young ladies, pray learn to do well, They precede all others — to read, write and spell. Learn to draw, and to paint, and all that sort of thing; To play the piano, to dance and to sing ; Learn as much as you can, and then do not shirk, But take hold with your mother, and help do the work. CHRISTMAS GIFTS. BY MBS. A. Ji. BINGHAM. Christmas gifts, Chrifitmas gifta, costly and rare, Gifta for the honored and gifts for the fair ; Gifts for the father, the mother, and son. Tbe daughter,- and gifts, for each beautiful one; AU who are wealthy, and noble, and great, Live in magnificence, splendor and state; All who have plenty to eat and to wear, Have their rich Christmas gifts costly and rare. 494 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Christmas Rifts, Christmas gifts, scatter them 'round Wherever pleasnre and fashion are found; Elegiint, rare, and exquisitely fine. Purchase the costliest, now is tlie time; Give them to jjersons luxuriously clad. Those who are never heart-broken nnd sad, Wherever plenty and easo can bo found, Christmas gifts, ChristmaH gifts, scatter them 'round. But stop I see that poor little child in the street. With her thin purplo face, and her half frozen feet; now she shakos with the cold, she's so scantily clad. Hoar that piteous wall, how heart-broken and sad. Has she heard, over lo-ard a kind plying tone? Has she over one moment of happiness known ? A child's merry Christmas, has ever she seen ? Christmas gifts, — do you think she can know what thoy moan ? Just lay your soft del;c:^te hand on her head. And look in her face, as she asks you for bread ; Shrink not from a flgure so ha.;gard and wild ; Speak gently and kind to the poor weary child. In her sad little heart place a bright sunny spot. Which through toil and privations, can ne'er be forgot, Take the money you spend for the rich and the gay And make the child happy on next Christmas day. Purchase not gifts that aro costly and rare ; Think of the hearts that are crushed by despair ; Think of the tenements, crazy and old. Where they are dying with hunger and cold; Think of the misery, suffering and woe. Which these poor creatures of sorrow must know. Thinkofit! think of it! then if you dare. Purchase your Christmas gifts, costly and rare. Oh! chili of luxury I could you but know Half of the joy it is yours to bestow With but the money you're thinking to spend. Purchasing gifts for an opulent friend; Go to the wretched, the suffering, and sad; Give to them, comfort them, make their hearts glad. The pleasure you'll feel will your kindness repay ; So give the poor Chrlstmfia gifts, next Christmas day. Brandon, Dec. 14, 185T. A. A. NioHOLsoN, Esq., a native of this county, aUo resided in this town for some years, and at the time that he became a con tributor to Miss Homenway's " Poets and Poetry of Vermont," in which he is entered among tho poets of Brandon ; but, having removed, and being claimed by his native town for representation, wo must, however reluctantly for Brandon, ru.ipect the claim. BRANDOfr ANECDOTES FROM TUK VERiMONT REOORo'a PRIZE OOLLECriON. John Townshend wa-s for many years a devout member of tho Congregational church in Brandon. When tho Hov. Ira Ingraham was pastor of that church, at one of the church meetings he gavo a lecture on the duty of observing the Sabbath, and explained what people might do and what they might not do, without sinnin" in that respect. In his explanatory remarks he said if a man practiced shaving but once or twice a week, it would he sin for him to shave on the Sabbath, because it would be unnecessary, but if he practiced shaving every day, it then became necessary to shave on the Sabbath, and was therefore not sinful. The good brother Townshend ejaculated, — " What I sfiave everi/ day I Why I never heard of such a thing in, my life.'" Brother Townshend was a very constant attendant at the meetings of the church and always ready to perform his part by way of exhortation or prayer, but would make longer prayers than the priest and some of the lay brethren wanted ; so Mr. Ingraham planned it at one church meeting, to deliver his lecture, — then call on one or two broth ers for short prayers, when he would pro nounce the benediction, without giving the good brother Townshend a chance to take any part in the meeting. But brother Townshend was not to be fooled in that way, so he stood while the short prayers were offered, and just as the hands of the pastor commenced rising, brother Townshend commenced pray ing, and it was said by tho.?e present, that he held the people there about an hour longer than priest Ingraham had planned for them to stay ! Aunt Betty Whitlock of Brandon, was an old maid, and rather peculiar in some things. She lived iu a small house and kept three chairs ; ono of which she usually occupied, and tho other two wore suspended on nails. When any person called in, before offering them a seat, she would raise tho question as to whether they would stay long enough to pay for taking one of the chairs down ! If they answered affirmatively she would take a chair from the nail, but if not the chair would hang there. LEANDON NETVSPAPEBS. ' li BT J. r. UCCOLLAM. The ]\-rmont Telegraph, a Baptist pa per, was the first paper printed in Brandon. It was published some 15 years by 0. S. Murray, and then discontinued. During the life of the Telegraph, which was started in September, 182S, there was also published in tho samo offico and in connection with it Tlie Rutland and Addison County Whig, a camp.aign paper in 13-10, and tho Vermont Argus, (formerly the Middlebury Argus), by E. & H. Drury, from Sept., 183-1, to Sept., 1835. Tho Voice of Freedom came to Brandon from Montpelier in 18-13 ; published by Hol- comb & Murray, and edited by Holcomb for a while and then by Wm. Q. Brown, and was published five or six years. Then Wm. C. Conant, in 1819 started Tlie Vermont Union, BEANDON. 495 and after publishing it a while here, moved it to Eutland. Pat. Welch then published the Brandon Post, and Wm. C. Eogers start ed tho Vermont Tribune, and published it about a year, when it was discontinued and the office stock sold and carried out of the State. After Mr. Welch discontinued the Post in 1S56, he sold his office to Julius H. Mott, who published and edited the Western Vermont Transcript, which lived just twenty- two weeks. He sold his offico to Eov. A. 0. Eose, who published and edited the Northern Christian Advocate. In a short time ho sold the offico to Eev. Wm. Ford, who published and edited the Northern Visitor. He sold his office to a company, and Hiram Truss published lhe Brandon Gazette for a year or more. The Gazette wa,s discontinued and the office sold to D. L. Milliken, who started The Monitor, and in about two years he discon tinued Tlie Monitor and started the Vermont Record, and published it oneyear and twenty- one weeks, and then moved to Brattleboro. No paper has been published in Brandon since the Record was removed. DEATHS — StJDDEK — BT ACCIDEKT OB BT THEIE OWN HANDS. The first death by accident was that of Mr. Barnes or Barnard, who fell from his horse and broke hia neck while intoxicated, some 65 years ago. A Mr. Tracy went on to tho mountain side to pick blueberries, and not returning at the proper time, search was made for him and he was found dead, supposed to have died in a fit. The wife of Joseph Dutton, while about her household duties, fell and was taken up dead. Joseph Clemens was drowned, June 17, 1822. A helpless old lady was burned to death while alone in the house, which took fire in the absence of her daughter with whom she lived. Elias Clark was killed about the 10th of Feb., 1832, while taking off a yoke of oxen from a sled loaded with wood. While be tween the oxen, they started, throwing Mr. Clark under the sled which passed over hia body. Luther Conant died in the hay-field, of heart-disease, Aug. 7th, 1834 or '35. Hiram Brown hung himselL A boy by the name of Beckhorn hung himself, because he was abused by the family. Sylvester Stafford was accidentally shot while taking a loaded gun from a wagon. Aaron Barnes was found dead in his bed. Mrs. Burnell was found dead in the barn yard, where she had gone to milk. Wm. Tyler cut his throat. Charles Johnson shot himself in a school- house. [Some regarded the act as done by his own hand, others as an accident — that he fell upon his gun in climbing into the win dow to kindle a fire — as tho day was cold — to warm himself, as there had been a meet ing at the school-house and a fir-e there the night before. — Ed.] Pat. Mc Kinney fell off the bridge in the village one dark night and was found dead at the bottom of tho pond in tho morning. A stranger was found drowned in a small brook, that one could step across, in the south part of the town. Charles Smith, son of Oliver M. Smith was drowned, while bathing in Otter Crot-k, in the summer of 1842. Two French boys were drowned in the Creek near Pittsford line. George Capron shot himself. Lorrid Buttles, while at work, dropped down dead. Elwin Edson, son of Dr. M. F. Edson, was found dead in his bed. Johu Kingsley was killed by the sudden starting of a water-wheel which he was clear ing of ice. A young man by tho name of Bride was caught in a water-wheel that he was cutting the ice from at Seldon's marble mill, and was killed. Alvin Fairbanks cut his throat, while in a desponding mood, at the town-farm. Adaline V. Goodnow, daughter of Willis Goodnow, about 18 years of ago, subject to fits for years, when recovering from a fit seemed to have an ungovernable desire to wander off aud be alone. On the 13th of Feb. 1867, after one of hor fits, while tho watch of her father was temporarily turned from her, she slily left tho house at the back door and went through the woods and pasture to wheie her, brothers were chopping. They sent her home, watching her until she entered tho woods between them and the house. This was the last time she was seen alive. Her father missing her, hunted about until he 496 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. found her track in a small patch of snow ; but there being but little snow, he soon lost sight of it. lie hunted for her till dark, and the next day, and several successive days, a larne number of pursons were searching, but could uot find any trace of her Ou the Oth of M;iy following, her remains were found on the eastnn slope of Chaffee mountain, so called, in Chittenden, some 5 miles from her home and near tho summit of the mountain, remote from any inhabitants, she probably having died from exposure and exhaustion, Wm. Hyatt was as usual about the street and did his chores iu tho evening, went into the houso and died almost instantly. John Eand hung himself in the wash room of the Douglass House, in the summer of lo72 Lewis Belknap, died almost instantly, the 5th day of October, 1872. He felt more un well than usual and went into the house and laid down. Some medicine was immediately carried to him ; but his breath had about loft his body. In Brandon, Aug. 20, of congestion of the brain, Mary Gertrude, only daughter of J. F. McCollum, a former foreman of tho Eecord Office, aged 25 years. Tho deceased was in usual health on the morning of hor death, and, with otiier members of the family, was making preparations for attending church. The attack was so sudden and violent that she retained consciousness but a few mo ments, and survived only five hours. ["Soldier of 1812. — Died in Brandon, very suddenly, Nov. 2, 1862, Capt. John H. Lincoln, soldier of 1812," "Died in Brandon, Jan. 21, ' 186- (2-4)' Mrs. Azubah Kingsley, aged near 90; for more than half a century a worthy member of the Baptist church." " In Brandon Village, Sunday night, Mav 15, 1861, of heart disease, Mrs. Hannah Jackson, aged 81 years, Mrs. J. attended Sabbath services at church as usual during the day, and up to within an hour of hor death was in the enjoyinont of usual health. She was a kind and estimable lady, whoso memory will be cherished by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. Mrs Jackson was born in Shrewsbury — See account of the Finney family, Shrews bury." "In Brandon, June 20, 1865, Mrs. Elizabeth Carr, aged 86 years; "taken to Clarendon for interment." "Deaths in Brandon, 1870.— Number, 63, and confined to the extreme-i of life — infancy and old age ; the latter having the preponder ance." — Ed.] BEANDON ITEMS OF THE WAE OP 1361, AND OTHEB MISOELLiNT OF TH.4.T PBBIOD. [Tho man to whom we have been always referred for a history of the Brandon boys during the late war, Capt. E. J. Orms bee, and whom we particularly invited to contribute this paper, more than a year since, has not, as yet furnished the paper; we can, therefore, only give at this present time- items such as we merely happen to have in hand — trusting yet to receive a full history of the noble part that Braudon, in deed, took in furnishing men for the field, and toward the suppression of the Eebellion — which paper we will gladly give with va rious papers, from the County and towns of the County, at the close of the general his tories of tho towns, if it comes in, in time, from Mr. 0. or any other citizen who may havo homo-pride and patriotism sufficient to prepare and forward such a military record for Brandon, or, still later, we may give it, perhaps in the closing volume. — Ed.] Eev. Claudius B. Smith, Baptist-minister, resigned his preceptorship of Brandon Sem inary and went as chaplain of the Vt. 2d Eegirnent. Albert Thomas, 2d son of Eev. Cornelius A. Thomas, D. D., of Brandon, served as chaplain's aid to Eev. C. B. Smith. CAPT. C. J. ORMSBEE. Capt. Charles Jami^s Ormsbee, of the heroic 5th Vt., was the fourth and yountje'it son of John Mason and Mary (Wilson) Ormsbee ; born in Shoreham, Sept. 27, 1839, thus at the time of his death, in the 25th year of his age. At tho age of 11 Charles removed with the familv to Brandon, where ho resided until his entrance into the army. He received a fair education at dis trict schools and completed his schooling at the Brandon Seminary. Capt. Ormsbee was of a patriotic family. His ancestors upon both the father's and mother's side were participators in the Eev olution, and on the breaking out of tho rebellion he, with two brothers, — Capt. E. J, Ormsbee, of the law firm of " Nicholson & Orrnsboe," Brandon, and John M., Jr., of a California Eegiment, now on service in New Mexico— early caught the spirit and helped form the grand Northern uprising that followed the fall of Sumter. He enlisted into tho 1st Vt. Eegt., Apr. 20, 1861, for tho throe months' campaign, from whicn he was BEANDON. 497 honorably discharged on the 16th day of August, following. He soon after re-enlisted into Co. H, 5th Eeg., and Sept. 16th the Company was mus tered into the service, for three years, ho having been, on the organization of the Company chosen 2d Lieut. He was constantly with the Eegiment and early gained an enviable reputation for bravery and fitness for command, and in August of 1862 was promoted to the Captain cy of Company D of the same regiment. He was present with the Eegiment, and on duty, in every campaign which the army of the Potomac had been through, to the time of his death, on tho 5th of May 1864, in the "battle of tho Wilderness," he being at the time in tho extreme front, having command of tho skirmish line of the Eegiment, He was wounded during tho first hour of the en gagement and finally received three wounds, one in the right side, one in the left arm and the 3d in the left shoulder or breast. He was buried near the battle field and his grave marked. His friends took early measures for the recovery of his body — his brother, Capt. E. J . Ormsbee, visiting " the front " for that aiose— but without success. Last Sab- funeral services in connection with his death wero held at tho Baptist Church in this (Brandon) village. Eev. C. A. Thomas, D. D,, preached an able and exceedingly ap propriate sermon irom Psalms 101, 1. The attendance was very large and tho occasion one of much solemn interest. The high estimation in which Capt. Orms bee was held as an officer, is witnessed by the elegant army sword presented him by his command a few months after his promotion. The last time he visited his loved Green Mountain home, at his estimable father's pleasant residence, near Brandon village, was in January, when the re-enlisted veterans of the 5th, of whom he was one, returned to spend their furlough. He was unmarried. In person ho was of medium height, good form with bright hazel eyes and a fresh ruddy com plexion and really a handsome officer. Phys ically every way well fitted to endure the hardships of a soldier's life he possessed much of tbe " Old Put" and "Fighting Joe" vim and dash of the real military hero. It • is fitting proud tears should embalm his memory,. — From Vt. Record. Items of the wae of '61. — Prospect E. Fales, of Brandon, a mere stripling of a boy, but possessed of the Green Mountain pluck, the color bearer of the battery, but then act ing as cannoneer No. 3, armed witli a prim ing wire and tube pouch, succeeded in captur ing a 6 foot rebel armed with saber bayonet, and brought him to Fort Hudson, a distance of 14 miles, for which ho was promoted to corporal. In Sheiidan Hospital, Winchester, Va., Nov. 13, 1864, of a wound received Oct 19, at the battle of Cedar Creek, Eial Fayette Carr, son of Caleb and Almina Carr of this town, aged 19 years and 10 days ; a member of Co. H, llth Vermont Eegiment of Heavy Artillery. In a letter from the Ward Master of the Hospital, to his parents, informing them of his death, they are assured that it was well with their boy ; that he was pre pared, through the lovo of Christ, to leave this battle-field of life and lay his armor by for a rest in heaven. During the wae. — " At Sea, on the 25th ult, on the passage from New York to New Orleans, of brain fever, after an illness of four or five days, Albert Cheney, a volunteer recruit for the 7th Vermont, son of J. W. Cheney, of Brandon, in the 22d year of his age." Fisk Teagedt.^ — Julius Granger Fisk, eldest son of Edward and Emily Fisk, was born in Brandon iu 1828. He was brought up by orne of the best mothers that ever lived, but she dying when tho boy most needed a mother's caro, the home infiuence was broken and Julius became a rover. He took tho voyage around Cape Horn to Cali fornia at an early period of tbe gold excite ment, and after a few years' stay returned homo, his father dying during his absence. Since then ho has been a roving adventurer in the West and South-West. During the rebellion he was major of a Kansas regiment of Cavalry and performed valiant and effect ive service for his country. We regret to say he was shot on the 17th ult, 1871 by Jennie Droz, a German girl who had formerly work ed in the house and charged him with seduc tion. He, with his brother Edward, were keeping the Cliff Houso at Cleveland, Ohio. He lived an hour or two, but could not speak. — From the Rutland Independent. The Veemont Histobioal Societt met at Brandon, Jan. 27, 1864 — the meeting one of the most interesting, to the public, ever held. THE BEANDON MAKUFAOTUBIKG CO. BY E. r. DANA. This company are the exclusive owners of the patents for the celebrated "Howe Scales," and are engaged in the manufacture of weighing machines of all kinds. The orig inal inventors of this scale are Mr. F. M. Strong, now of Vergennes, and Mr. Thomas . Eoss, of Eutland. The first patent was 498 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. issued to Messrs. Strong & Eoss, Jan. 15, 1856. Tho manufacturing of the scales was commenced by them in Brandon, in 1857. In the early part of that year an arrange ment was mado bi.tween Messrs. Strong & Eoss and the late John Howe, of Brandon, by which all tho patents taken out by said Strong & Eoss for improvements in weighing machines and platform scales, were assigned to tho said John Howe, who was at that time engaged in the manufacture of pig iron and car-wheels. Mr. IIowo immediately com menced tho manufacture of scales under this patent, retaining the services of both the original inventors, and advertising exten sively throughout tho country the scales, to which he gave the name of " Howe." The arrangement made between Mr. Howe and the original patentees was continued nntil March, 1864, when Mr. Howe, for a valuable consideration, bought the entire interest of Strong & Eoss in the patents and manufac ture of scales, there having been issued meanwhile five now patents for improve ments upon tho original design, and for various modifications of the scales. In March, 1857, they manufactured for the Morris Canal Company, (Washington, N. J.) a scale of 200 tons capacity, with a platform 70 feet long, one end being 7 feet higher than the other, which proved highly satisfactory to tho purchasers. In 1857-8, the scales were exhibited at the Vermont State Fairs, and at the exhibition of the latter year, after the most severe tests which could be applied, the " Howe" scales were awarded tho first premium over all otliers, and they have met with similar suc cess at numerous other Fairs. In 18G1, the " Howe Scale Company" was organized, under a, charter granted by tho Legislature of Vermont, who continued the manufacture of tho scales until 1869, when, in consequence of unfortunate inanagoment in the transaction of the businoss, tho com pany beoime hopelessly insolvent and went into bankruptcy, Jilay 6, 1860. Tlio entire property of the company, consisting of up wards of 11 acres of land in the center of Brandon village, with all the valuable water- power, buildings, machinery, tools, patterns, patents and stock wero offered for sale at auction, and purchased by Nathan T. Sprague, jr., a resident of Brandon from his early youth, and extensively known throughout the State and in the commercial world as a gentleman of large wealth and great busi ness capacity. During the period which elapsed between the times of the suspension of the " Howe Scale Company " and the sale of their prop erty, the prosperity or decline of Brandon was a mooted question. The recognized superiority of the " Howe" scale, had become apparent, and many tempting offers were made, to secure the removal of the business to neighboring as well as distant places. At this crisis the action of Mr. Sprague in buying the property, caused a general feeling of relief to all who wero interested in the future prosperity of Brandon. Mr. Spragne im mediately took measures to transfer the prop erty to a Corporation which had previously been chartered under the name of the "Bran don Manufacturing Company " and. May 19, 1869, its organization was completed. Besides Mr. Sprague, who is tho President, there are associated with him several gen tlemen of wealth, as well as of business capacity and integrity, among whom are Ex. Gov. John B. Page, Mr. W. W. Eey nolds (who has been Superintendent of the manufacturing department since 1864,) Mr. Brown of the well known Banking House of Brown Brothers & Co , Boston, and Gen. John Schultze of New York City. Work was com menced again in the factory with 27 men. May 7, 1869, the day after the purchase of the property by Mr. Sprague, and measures were immediately taken to increase tho production of the factory. Tho number of scales manu factured has increased steadily until the pres ent time, being limited only by the capacity of the works. Already there have been two large additions made to tho buildings, doub ling tho floor room in many of the depart ments, aud still further additions and im provements are contemplated. During the" past year a new steam engine of 80 horse power has been added to the motive power of the establishment thereby ensuring in a great measure against the loss and delay caused by freshets and droughts. On the morning of July 4th, 1872, the main building was damaged by fire to a con siderable extent, but the damage was speed ily repaired, and some changes made in the buildings in order to adapt them the better to new and improved machinery. Tho Company manufacture every variety BEANDON. 499 of platform and counter scales from a post- office scale to those weighing 200 tons. In 1870, the company purchased tho stock, tools, patents and all the manufactured goods of tho Sampson Scale Company, of New York, and by this purchase, combined with those valu able inprovements in scales already owned by them, they acquired all the valuable im provements, which havo been made in scales for the last twenty years. Thero are at pres ent employed by the Company about 250 workmen, in the various shops and depart ments, which number will he largely in creased when the contemplated improvements and additions are completed. In addition to scales, tho Company manufac ture weighmastor's beams, frames and ware house trucks in great variety. Their beams or patent balances are notched by machinery, invented expressly for this purpose, by the Buperintendent of the Company, thereby in suring greater accuracy aud uniformity as well as adding greatly to tho appearance of the work when completed. Since tho Company has been under its present management, many new and desirable improvements, both in tho working portions of, and designs for, the out side frames and other exposed portions of tho scales havo been introduced, and tho Com pany can safely challenge tho world to pro duce goods in their line of better construc tion, durability and finish. BEANDON STATISTICS — 1842. " The surface of the township is generally level. The Green Mountains lie along the east line and present some lofty summits. The principal streams are Otter Creek, which runs through the town from north to south, and Mill river which rises in Goshen, enters Brandon upon the east, at the foot of the Mountain receives the waters of Spring pond, — a small body of water^becomes a eonsiderable stream with several falls which furnish excellent sites for mills and machin ery, runs about 10 miles aud falls into Otter Creek about a mile from the village. The soil of the town is various but generally a light loam, easily tilled and productive. The eastern part, an extensive pine plain, is considered poor land compared with the oth er parts of the town, yet capable of being converted into good farms. The western part is a mixture of clay and loam. The al luvial flats, or interval, along Otter Creek are extensive and beautiful and not surpass ed in fertility by any in the vicinity. The town produces every kind of timber common to the country. Pine, oak .cherry, sugar and red maple, ash and cedar aro found iu abund ance. A bed of bog iron was discovered in this town about 1810, which is inexhausti ble, and which has been extensively wrought for some years past into bar and cast iron. From 7 to 9 tons of this ore can be melted in a quarter furnace in 24 hours, yielding 33 per cent of soft, grey iron which is not liable to crack from effects of the heat, and conse quently makes the best of stoves. Small can non have been made from it, which aro bored with facilitj' and answer a good purpose. The bar-iron which is made from the ore is of tho best quality. The ore is found by digging 5 or 6 feet, and is covered by strata of sand and ochre. The bed has been pene trated about 100 feet, but its depth is not known. Manganese is found here in abund ance, and of the best quality. Nearly 200 tons are annually sent to market, much of which is exported to Europe. Marble is extensively quarried and manufactured, and a quarry has recently been opened, which is thought to be equal to the Italian marble. About IJ miles east of the village, aro two caverns, in limestone ledges, and about half a mile apart. Tho descent into the largest is about 18 feet perpendicular, into a room 16 or 18 feet square. From this room is a pas sage, barely sufficient to admit a middling- sized person to pass along in a creeping pos ture, into another still larger, which has not been much explored. Braudon village is among the most flour ishing in the State, 16 miles from Eutland, 16 from Middlebury, 16 from Eochester, 16 from Lake Champlain. It contains 130 dwelling-houses, 3 brick meeting-houses, a brick seminary, 100 feet by 30 ; 2 two-story brick school-houses, a variety of iron-works, mills and other buildings, and about 900 in habitants. There are in town 13 school-dis tricts, and 13 school-houses, 2 blast and 2 cupola furnaces, 1 flonring-mill, 10 saw-mills, a last factory a lead-pipe factory, &c. — Thompson's Gazetteer, 1842. BEANDON STATISTICS — 1873. For 1872 to 1874, Nathan T. Sprague, of Brandon, Eutland County, State Senator ; E. J. Ormsbee, Esq., State's Attorney and Eepresentative of the town of Brandon ; George Briggs, town clerk; Volney Eoss, 500 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. town treasurer, Sumner Briggs, W. A. Wil liams, N. H. Eddy, selectmen ; H. S. Buttles, constable ; J. S. CiUey, supt ; T. B. Smith, Ilenry Eust, D. N I'eck, listers; G, W. Par menter, overseer ; H. S. Mc Collum, agent ; E. N. Bngi^s, E. June, George Briggs, J. Q Hawkins, E. J. Ormsbee, lawyers ; John Capon, Ezra June, D. N. Peck, N. H. Eddy, E. J, Ormsbee, I. J. Vail, E, D. Hinds, D. E. Eust, D. C. Smith, J. Q. Hawkins, C. W. Smalley, Horace Ellis, justices ; A. T. Wood ward, 0. Q. Dyer, F. W. Page, C. W. Peck, H. W. Hamilton, M. F, Edson, Forestdale, Charles Backus, physicians; F. F. Pierce; W. H. Wright, dentists ; clergymen, C. A. Thomas, D. D., pastor of the Bap. ch., J. C. Mc Laughlin, of the Cath. ch., Franklin Tux bury, of the Cong, ch., William Schouler, of tho Epis. ch., A. Heath of the Moth, ch.; J. S. CiUey, principal of the Brandon Graded School ; G. W. Parmenter, Brandon postmas ter ; Stephen Sails, Forestdale postmaster ; Banks, Brandon National, President, J. A. Conant ; Cashier, D. C. Bascom ; capital, $200,000; First National, President, N. T. Sprague, jr.; Cashier, H. C.Copeland ; capital, $150,000; E. E. Station ani E.xpress Agent, Charles Page ; Telegraph Agent, E. N. Dut ton ; Hotels, Brandon House, David Mc Bride ; Douglass House, L. E. Barker ; Eat ing House, H. W. Hooker ; Merchants, gener al assortment, Eoss & Pitts, Smith & Collins, I. C. Gibson, Simonds & Osgood, S. H. Park hurst, H, C. Webster, W. H. Flint ; Forest dale, William Kimball, A. G. Baker; auc tioneer, A. W. Goss ; hooks and stationery, E. D. Gibbs & Co., boots aud shoos, Howes & Walker, H. W. Williams ; clocks and watches, N. P. Kingsley, C. M. Whittaker ; clothing! hats and caps, Ozro Meacham, Engels & Mercure ; dry goods, E. J. Bliss ; drugs and medicines, Eobert Forbes, C. L. Cox ; fancy goods, J. B. Kelley; groceries, A. A. Eossi ter, Winslow & Kingsley ; hardware, Briggs Bios., Stafford & Phelps, F. E. Button; mfl- Hnery, Miss L. A. Tracy, W. F. Lewis ; sow ing machines, D, F. Sexton ; Manufacturers, Brandon Lime and Marble Co,, J. E. Hin- Kins, Agt., Brandon Statuary Marblo Co°, S. L. GoodoU, Supt,; Otter Crook Marble Co.,' James Kendall, Supt.; Howe's Scales, Bran don M'f'g Co., N. T. Sprague, jr.. Pros.; Bran don Empire Miner.al Paint Co., E. D. Bush, Supt.; Leicester Mineral Paint Co., J. e! Higgins, Agt; Brandon Kaolin and Paint Co., D. W. Prime, Agt; paint and kaolin, Brandon Mining Co., Paul Symons, Supt.; founders, Paino, Hendry & Christie ; lum ber, E. D. Seldon, S. C. Durkee, N. H. Chur chill ; carriage maker, S. Briggs ; coffin mak er, I. C. Haven ; pill boxes, spools and tas sel moulds, Newton & Thompson ; tobacco and cigars, Z. Clark ; furniture, N. P. Kings- ley, H. H. Hill ; grist and flouring mills, Ca hee Bros.; Forestdale, L. Sheldon ; Mechan ics and Artisans, blacksmiths, Blanchard & Hope, Moses Gordon, V. B. Des Eoches ; Forestdale, E. B. Hendry, Jeremiah Teuuien ; carpenters, Jas. Knapp, Frank Keeler, B. G. Bigelow, E. S. Worden, Caryl Kinsman, Jas. Cross, Henry Cross, C. W. Carr, E. G. Carr ; cooper, T. Boland ; hair dressers, H. A. Ten ney, Peter Naylor, W. T. Bowie ; haruess makers, D. E. Putnam, Sumner Briggs ; machinists, C. 0. Lace, Henry Kinsman ; masons, Hiram Eoberts, Edward Smith; painters, S. J. Brigjs, W. P. Bartlett, P. L. Hurtibos, John Lereaux, Charles Parker ; photographers, N. S. Capen, H. E. Sargent; printers, Morrill & Goss ; shoemakers, A. Draper, A. Trombly ; tail jrs, Engels k Mer cure, A. Haase ; watchmakers, N. P. Kings- ley, C. M. Whittaker ; wheelwrights, Sum ner Briggs, A. L. Clark ; Population in 1870, 3571. — Walton's Vermont Register. [The Old " Beasdon Semisaet" — of late years commonly so called — was chartered under the name of the Vermont Literary and Scientific Institution at Brandon ; and was, at least for many years of its existence, under the patronage of the Baptist associa tion. It has ceased to exist during the last five years. Among its principals were Al- BEET Hurd, born in Oxford, C. W., 1823, and a graduate of .Middlebury college of the class of 1850. Mr. Hurd was principal at Brandon Seminary from 1850-'51, and was in 1853, the lecturer on natural sciences in Knox College, Qalosburgh, 111. In 1858, A. II. Bingham— husband of Mrs. Bingham whose poetry appears among tho poetical representations in these papers — was at the head of this school. Mr. Bingham was prin cipal for aeveral years and tho school was prosperous while ho presided over it, as also during the time that Eev. Claudius B. Smith, who succeeded Mr. Bingham, presided over it Mr. Smith commenced his labors about 1859, and remained till his appointment to the chaplaincy of the 2nd Vt Eeg., during the CASTLETON. 501 late war. Mr. Smith obtained a clerkship in Washington after the war, at which place ho now resides with his family. Tho old Seminary building has been remodeled for tho present graded school. At the time of writing, we havo not been able to obtain a full list of the principals aud their term of service, and tho date of the commencement of the old Seminary, but if received in time it will be found in the supplement — as also an account of the new graded school which wo expected to havo received in time for in sertion here. The same is true in regard to a paper desired on marbles and quarrying in Brandon, and all other subjects of histor ical interest iu tho town not yet duly written up.- .Ed.] CASTLETON. BT EST. JOSEPH STEELE. The Charter of Castleton was granted to Samuel Brown of Stockbridge, Mass., by Gov ernor Wentworth of New Hampshire, Sept 22, 1761, a year remarkable in the annals of Ver mont Dm-ing this year the first permanent set tlement, on the west side of the Green Moun tain, was effected at Bennington ; aud during tho same year no less than 27 townships were chartered in what now constitute the counties of Bennington, , Rutland and Addison. The reason for this sudden influx is found in the pre viously unsettled state of this region. During the colonial and Indian wars the territory of Tormont was the great thoroughfare for mili tary expeditions, and was constantly exposed to the depredations of the French and In dians. On this account the settlement of the country was dangerous and impracticable. — Through the conquest of Canada by tbe En glish, iu 1760, these obstacles were removed ; and the colonists, already well acquainted with the fertility and value of the country, having often passed over it on military expeditions, hastened to secure possessions. Thus the way was prepared. The township of Castleton is situated near the centre of Rutland county, being 10 miles W. of Rutland, 13 E. of Whitehall, N. T., 65 N. of Albany, N. T., and 60 S. W. of Montpe lier, Vt— lat .43° 34', long. 3° 56' ; bounded N. by Hubbardton, E. by Ira, S. by Poultney, and W. by Fairhaven ; containing 36 square miles. It is uncertain when the town received the name Castleton. The most probable sup position seems to be, that it was called after a man by the name of Castle— of whom Col. Bird purchased 95 original shares, showing that he was early a large proprietor, and probably gave his name to the town. The original proprietors of the township of Castleton were principally from Salisbury, Ct Although the charter was granted to Samuel Brown of Stockbridge, there is no evidence that he ever acted with the proprietors, or that he retained any interest in the township. Tho original charter is lost ; but we have a certified copy from the book of charters in the State of New Hampshire, from which we learn that it contained the privileges, conditions and reservations common to the " New Hampshire Grants." The grantees were 70 in number, only a small part of whom became residents of Castleton. The name of Col. Amos Bird ap pears in the earliest records extant, although he was not one of the original grantees ; and he seems to have been the largest proprietor, and the leading man in the proprietors' meet ings. It is probable that he had a controling interest. MEETINGS OF PEOPEIBTOES. The earliest meeting of the proprietors, of which any record remains, (a part of the rec ords having been destroyed), was in the early part ofthe year 1766. The precise date of this meeting is gone, but the records say it was ad journed to Oct. 7th of the same year ; which year, according to the date of the adjourned meeting, was 1766. This meeting was probably held at the house of Amos Bird, in Salisbury, Ct., where subsequent meetings were held up to the time of adjournment to meet in Castle ton, which was Feb. 27, 1770. The meeting in October, 1766, seems to have been preparatory to the first visit to the township by Cols. Bird and Lee, ipade the following year, as appears from tho vote passed at that meeting, as fol lows : " Voted — That there shall be a rate or tax laid on the proprietors of the township of Cas tleton of one hundred and ninety-two pounds. Lawful money, to defray the expense that has already arisen, or that shall arise, in laying out the Township of Castleton, and in cutting a road through the woods from Wood- Creek to Castleton, and other incidental charges that may arise." FIRST VISIT OF DIED AND LEE. In the spring of 1767, Cols. Amos Bird and Noah Lee, attended by a colored man, set out on their first journey to Castleton ; a country they had never seen, and of which they knew 502 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. little or nothing. Their journey shows, both how littlo they understood about its location, and how great the changes that have taken place since that time. From Salisbury thoy came through Bennington to Manchester. From Manchester all was wilderness, to be traversed by marked trees, till they came to Clarendon. At Danby thero was a log-hut inhabited by one solitary man, where they tarried for a night. — From Clarendon they went to Rutland, where they struck the old military road leading from Charlestown, N. H , (known as No. 4,) to Crown Point, N. y. Following this road, tliey pass ed along the northern border of Castleton, wholly ignorant of the fact, to Crown Point, and thenoe to Ticonderoga. Here they replen ished their stock of provisions, and proceeded by way of Skeenesboro', — now Whitehall, — to Castleton, arriving in June, 1767. By tracing the route of these adventurers upon the map, it will be seen that they nearly compassed the township, touching its borders at one time ; and that from Manchester, 40 miles south of Castleton, they must have traveled at least 130 miles to reach the place. THE FIEST SUIIIIER AND FIEST CJBIX. The summer of 1767 was spent in exploring and surveying the township ; but no record of what was done remains. Tradition informs us that Col. Bird lost his way on one occasion ; and wandering, reached the summit of a high, precipitous mountain in the east part of the township, where he was obliged to spend the night. As a protection from wild beasts he peeled the bark from the trees about him, to deter them by the whited surface. From this circumstance the mountain received the name it still bears — Bird Mountain. A log-cabin was built during the season, on a bluff in the southwesterly part of the town ship, near the original east and west road, ns first surveyed. This bluff is on what was af terwards known as tho Clark farm. SECOND VISIT OP BIRD AND I.EE. Cols. Bird and Leo returned to Salisbury in the autumn of 1767. The folIowiii<; year the samo parly of three returned, with the evident purpose of making a permanent settlement. — The summer is spent in surveys of tho town ship, and in clearinir a small opening in the for est : but no seeds wore planted that year. Col. Bird returned to Connecticut before winter; Col Lee and tho colored man remained sole occu pants of the log-cabin. It was a severe winter. Tho snow was deep, and the cold extreme. They suffered much. The colored man's feet were badly frozen. Far removed from any set tlement, with a limited stock of provisions, tlieir only hope of replenishing their scanty store was by hunting and fishing. But the river became frozen, and tho deep snow rendered hunting almost impracticable. Worst of all, their guns and ammunition became so seriously injured, as to be nearly useless. In their extremities, it is said, that they actually chased down deer and other game upon their snow-shoes. There is no record of Col. Bird's return to Ca.9tleton during the summer following (1769), but it is probable he did return, and that the house in which he afterwards lived, on the bank of Castleton river, near where the old turnpike crosses it, was built that season. We infer this from the action at the last meeting of the pro prietors in Salisbnry. dated Feb. 27, 1770. That meeting was "adjourned to bo held at the house of Col. Amos Bird, in Castleton, the 27th day of May next, at 2 o'clock, P. M." That meet ing also voted, " That every proprietor of the township of Castleton shall liave the privilege of pitching one hundred acres to each right in the said township : provided he lays it in a square form and not less than 50 rods wide, which shall be the 4th division." " Voted — That there be a draft for the above mentioned pitch, and one pitch made every day — Sundays excepted — and the 1st pitch to be made on the l.st day of May nest, and every proprietor shall pilch according to las draft, ex cept he sh.all nepleet to make his pitch on tbe day which he draws, which if he does, he shall forfeit his chance to the ne.xt draft, so that ev ery proprietor shall have a chance of making his pitch on the day he drau-s." Cols. Bird and Lee were both present at tin's meeting, and arrangements were then made for the actu.al settlement of the township the follow ing spring. Aecordinirly Ephraim Buel, Elea zer Bartholomew and Zadock Remington, with their families, arrived in May, 1770. These were the first settlers, and the only families dur ing that year. Bird and Lee did not bring their families until later. On the day appointed the pitches were made, but it is not possible to locate them from the imperfect records. LIST OF PITCHES. The following is the list of " pitches" ordered to commence on tbe first day of May, 1770 ; and of the persons here named not one is to be found among the eariy settlers. How this came to pass I am unable to explain. The first pitch was made by the Corn's for the CASTLETON. 503 Propagation of the Gospel ; tbe 2d for the 1st settled minister : 3d for the School : 4th for the Glebe; 5th, James Wilson ; Oth, ,Tohn Nash : 7th, Fred. Burgat ; Sth, Joseph Willard ; 9th, Moses Pixley ; 10th, Josiah Jones; llth, Abner Clap; 12th Israel Dewey; 13th, Caffe Van Schairk ; 14th, Jacob Cooper; 15th, Dan iel Allen ; 16th, Matthew Cadwell ; 17th, Da vid Pixley; ISth, Samuel Lee; 19th, Stephen Na.sh; 20th, Joshua Warren; 2lst, Stephen West; 22d, JohnBurgert; 23d, Elijah Brown ; 24th, John Chadwick ; 25th, Timothy Wood- bridge ; 26th, _Wra. Kenedy; 27th, Joseph Woodbridge; 28th, Isaac Davis ; 29th, Samuel Brown; 30th, John Chamberlin; 3lst, Isaac Davis, 32d, Stephen Nash; 33d, Isaac Gar field; 34th, Isaac Tandusen ; 35th, Benjamin Warren: 36ih, Daniel Raymond; 37th, Solo mon Gleason: 38th, Aaron Sheldon: 39th, Timothy Woodbridge, Jr. ; 40th, John Willard ; 41st Azariah Williams ; 42d, Isaac Lawrence ; 43d, Jonathan Pixley ; 44th, Samuel Jackson. This is the 4tli Division. We have also part of another list of pitches, called the 3d division. The date is lost, as also the names of pitches up to No. 23. The names that remain are all in the 1st list of the 4th di vision, except one — i. c, Benjamin Carver. Only three families settled in 1770, as before stated. Other families followed, year by year, till in 1775 there were in the township about 30 fam ilies, and 8 or 10 unmarried men. The first child born was Israel Buel, son of Ephraim Buel, bom in 1771. Abigail Eaton, daughter of John Eaton, born the same year, was the first female. SUEVET OF HIGHWATS. A road from the west line of Ira to Fairha ven was surveyed in 1772. This road followed the course of Castleton river, which rises in Pittsford, and, passing southerly, receives a tributary in Weat Rutland ; and thence running nearly west, passes through the township, di viding it near the centre. The western part of this road from Castleton West Corners was sub sequently changed, so as to run directly to HydeviUe. The eastern part of the township is mountainous; but the valley of the river forms a beautifully level and picturesque route for the highway. The northern and southern parts aro hilly, and the western part level. A north and south road from Hubbardton to East Poultney, passing through the village, was sur veyed about this time. Also a road to East Hubbardton, following a stream which rises in Hubbardton and empties into Castleton river, one-fourth of a mile east of the village. The old Troy and Burlington turnpike (which was constructed at a later period) runs from Hub bardton to W. Poultney, and crosses the east and west road at Castleton West Corners. Pass ing along: the shore of Lake Bomoseen, it af fords a flne view of that beautiful lake and its surroundings. LAKE BOMOSEEN* Lies principally in Castleton, its northern ex tremity extending a short distance into Hub bardton. It lies in a basin of rooks, and in some parts is of great depth. It is 8 miles long, and 2-J- wide at its greatest breadth. An island containing about 10 acres is situated near the centre o£ the lake, covered with sm<¦ vestige of the buildings erected by hira now remains to mark the place of his residence. It is believed none of his children are now living. Rev. Franklin Remington, of the Episcopal Cliurch, residing in Brooklyn, N. Y., aud Henry Remington, residing in Rutland, Vt, are his grandchildren. Eleazer Bartholomew probably settled in the west part of the town, and remained only a few years. His precise location, tho time of his removal, and the place to which he went are unknown. Maj. Abel Moulton came in 1771, and set tled where Dea. Enos Morrill afterward lived. He died of small pox in 1776. in the 35th year of his age. His monument is still standing near the spot where he lived. He was a prominent and useful man, aud his death was a great loss to the settlement Nehemiah Hoit came a single man in 1771, subsequently married the widow of Abel Moul ton — lived for a time where Mr. Moulton lived, and afterwards in the south'part of the town, where he died in 1832, at the ripe age of 80 years. Doa. Hoit was one of the recruits for the capture of Ticonderoga ; nnd, following closely upon t'oL AUen, was tho third man who entered the fort. Ho subsequently joined tho American forces as they proceeded down the Lake, and was with Allen -nhon he and his command were mado prisoners near .Montreal. It is not known how ho escaped ; but it is cer tain ho was not ono of those who wore carried to England. After tlio war ho became a highly respected and ufjoful citizen, and an active Christian. Ho was a man of ardent temperament ; naturally liasty, but possessing a tender conscience, that would not suffer the sun to go down on his wrath. No one doubted his sincerity. All men counted him a Christian indeed. He was chosen the first deacon in the Congregational church in Castleton, which offico he filled until his death. He had ono son and three daugh ters. His son Nehemiah Hoit succeeded him in the office of deacon. Jesse Belkxap settled in 1771, one mile and a half east of the village, on the farm wliere Clark Stevens lived recently. He was the first justice of the peace. His son Jesse lived near him, on the Merlin Clark place. Mr. Belknap appears to have been active and enterprising. He was a member of the Convention from Cas tleton when the Constitution of the State was adopted. His name appears often among the ofBcers of the town. Rbuee.v Moulton came to Castleton in 1771, and located 2 miles east of the viUage, on the road to Rutland. His wife was Rebecca Carver. Mr. Moulton owned a large estate, and was con sidered the richest of the early settlers. Hence he was called " Landlord Moulton.'' He kept a tavern at a very early day, and was a prom inent citizen. His five children all settled in Castleton. His third son, Reuben, occupied the old homestead, kept up the tavern his fath er established, and was town representative from 1S23 to 1S30, which is a longer time than the towu has been represented by any other man. Samuel Moulton, brother of Reuben 1st, came the same year. His wife was Rachel Loomis. He lived on the corner west of Judge Howe's house. His son Samuel lived near the centre of the viUa.go — kept tavern, and was postmaster for many years. His first wife was Jane Shaw — his second, Malona Woodward. The same year Gkrshom and John Moulton settled in Castleton, and tlieir descendants are scattered through the township. Gershom Lake, of Woodbury, Ct, came to Castleton in 1771, and settled on tho hill, halfa milo south of the village. His wife was Seviah Cli.itfich',. All their household effects were brought on horse-back. Ho is said to have built the 2d log-house in the township — and al so the 2d frame houso. He must have been a man of considerable enterprise, as it appears that before the war he had erected a frame- house, which is StiU standing; and, with the repairs it has received, is a neat and comforta ble habitation now, after tho lapse of nearly a hundred years. Mr. Lake was strictly loyal to the American cause, and remained at his post during the war. During a considerable portiou ofthe time, every CASTLETON. 507 thing valuable, not in daily use, was hid in the ground, or concealed in the woods, through fear of its being plundered by the enemy. Their cattle could not be concealed : and when the British troops passed through Castleton, on their way to Whitehall, after the battle of Hub bardton, Mr. Lake was impressed with his oxen to transport baggage ; and, as a reward, his oxen were taken for beef. Mrs. Lake was a remarkable woman for cour age and enterprise. We mention one or two jncidents in illustration. At one time a wolf came into their enclosure, with evident purpose to make a feast upon the sheep. She was alone in the house, but nothing daunted, she seized her husband's gun, and, standing in the door of her house, killed the wolfj without injuring the sheep. Mrs. Lake brought apple-seeds in her pocket, when she came to Vermont, which she planted, and the 7th year gathered twelve apples from the trees. When Lieut. Hall escaped from his imprison ment at Ticonderoga, Mrs. Lake concealed him in a hay-stack, and carried him provisions daily nntil the danger was over. This act of kind ness made a deep impression upon Mr. Hall, so that to the day of her death he manifested his gratitude in various ways. Capt. Zaohaeiah Hawkins the father of a numerous race of the Hawkins family, visited Castleton in 1770, though he never .settled there. He contracted for 800 acres of land near the centre of the township, including the land where the village stands ; but failing to come to time for the payment, iu consequence of sickness in his family, he lost the purchase, and never returned to stay. Two of his sons, Gaylard and Silas, made pitches in the south part of the township, in 1771. They were unmarried, and did not re main long. Moses and Joseph Hawkins, other two sons, settled in 1779. Moses had 11 chil dren, all of whom settled in the township- Jo seph had but one child, a daughter, who was the flrst wife of Robert Temple. Richard Bentlt settled in 1771, and erected the frame-house where the council of war was held the night previous to the capture of fort TL, which stood just in front of the old Congre gational parsonage. There were two families of Hallibibds, Isreal and Curtis, who lived a mile and a half east of the village. Joel Colter lived in the south-west part of the township, a very worthy citizen. He .was early a member of the Congregational Church, and filled the office of deacon from 1806 to 1825. James Kilbourn settled in 1773, a httle south of Mr, Remington. He was a tanner and cur rier by trade, and -carried on the business while he remained iu Castleton. He had one son, James, with whom he removed to Canada. He had three daughters. Molly, married Pitt W. Hyde of Sudbury. Sally married Arunah W. Hyde of Castleton. Ruth married Ofiver Moul ton. TiMOTHT Everts settled in 1773, ou the road to East Hubbardton, north of the old fort — Removed to Ohio. Eli Everts located, in 1783, on tho South- mayd lot — Removed to Fairhaven. Nathaniel Noethrup settled 1774, north of the vUlage on the East Hubbardton road. A highly respectable man, both in society and in the church. He lived to a ripe old ago, leav ing a somewhat numerous race of children and grandchildren. "Capt. Joseph Woodward married Mary Bradford, settled in 1774, west of the village, and represented the town in the council of safety at Dorset, in 1761, and was chosen chairman of that council. He had a numerous family. Aeunah Woodward settled about the same time with Capt. Joseph. Geoege Foote married Wealthy Woodward, settled in 1775, ou the corner near where the old fort stood. His house was the place for re ligious worship at the time of the war — the place where Capts. Williams and Hall were killed. He himself was taken prisoner at tha same time. Judge .Alvin Foote of Burlingtoa was his son. Also Rev. Luman Foote, a clergy man in the Episcopal church.* Capt. John Hall came to Castleton in 1775, and settled on the east Hubbardton road, a mile and a half north of the village. He lived but a short time, 'yet he was much respected, and gave promise of becoming a valuable citi zen. He was chosen to represent the town at Westminster in 1777, when the State was de clared independent This was the January previous to the skirmish at Castleton, in which he was mortally wounded. Mr. HaU had 2 sons, Elias and Alpheus —young men, at that time, both of whom were taken prisoners and carried to Ticonderoga; but made * See sketch of Jndge Foote in the history of Bur lington, also account ofthe history ofthe Foote family in the history of Middlehury, Vol. I. — Ed. 508 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. their escape in a short time. Elias settled on his father's homestead, where ho lived to be 94 years old, retaining his vigor of body and mind in an unusual degree. He served in the American army ; was in the battle of Stillwa ter, and witnessed tho surrender of Gen. Bur goyne. Hia brother Alpheus taught school in Castle ton, in the time of the war, and is supposed to have died early. John Whitelook settled in 1775, a little north of the village. Ho belonged to tho church of England, and was a tory in sentiment, though a quiet, peaceable man, and remained during the war. For fear of confiscation, he put his property out of his hands. When the Briti,sh army passed through Castleton, after the battle of Hubbardton, Mr. Whitlock held up the prayer-book to the commanding officer as proof of his loyalty to king George, and it was read ily accepted. Ho lived many years a highly re spected member of society. Some of his de scendants still reside in the town. Peter Cogswell settled east of the village in 1776 — by trade a blacksmith, but a farmer also. His son. Gen. Eli Cogswell, was a prom inent man in his day. He was a school-teach er, and also extensively engaged in the surveys of the township. For many years he acted as clerk to the proprietors, of tho town, and to the parish. He made a tour to England, which was a notable matter in those days — purchased goods which he brought hack with him, and entered into trade. He was unsuccessful in business and left tho placo. Benjamin Caever settled also this year, 1776, at the West Corners, near where his son Benja min Carver, 2d, lived, and kept a tavern for many years. CoL. Isaac Cl\rk, probably, settled about this time, but it does not appear precisely what year. His location was in the south west part. Ho owned a valuable farm, which is still known as the Clark farm, though uot owned by his descendants. Ho was an oflieer in the Revolutionary war, ami a Colonel in the XJ. S. army in the war of IS] 2. lie died in 1322, aged 74 years. Col. Clark was chief judge of the county court from 1807 to '11. We insert here a few notices of families who settled later — some of thora during tho war, and some after. Tho place now known as the Higley farm, at the east end of the village, was first owned by Ephr'm BueL He built a log-house, and plant ed an orchard an tho farm, and thou sold it to Brewster Higley, who came he/e from Simsbury, Ct, about the year 1778, with his wife and 7 or 8 children. His position in the genealogy of flve successive Brewster Higleys was the 3d. These descended from John Higley, who came from a place near London in England, a run away apprentice, at the age of 15 or 16 years. In process of time he married Hannah Brews- tor, understood to have been of the Mayflower stock. Hence came the name given to a suc cession of Higleys. In the early days of this town Brewster the 3d held various offices of trust and honor — as moderator, town clerk, jus tice of the peace, and deacon of the Congrega tional church. His eldest son, Brewster 4th, emigrated to Ohio'about 1800 : numerous fam- Uies in the south east part of the state are of his descendants. On the death of Brewster H, the 3d, his youngest son Erastus became owner of the place by purchasing the interest of each of the other heirs. He was a child of only 7 years when be came with the family to this place ; and here he dwelt to the end of his life. When in the vigor of manhood he excelled in physical strength, and not less in the energy and ' activity of his mind. Reading was his great delight, especially of solid literary and scientific works, and such compositions as those of Young, MUton and Cowper. He was favored with sundry civil offices ; as judge of probate, town treasurer, town representative, justice of the peace, &c., whicli he always executed with ability and strict fidelity. As a Christian and a deacon of the Congregational church he was earnest and active while health permitted, in aiding and promoting the cause of every be nevolent and Christian enterprise. He died at the age of 8t>|- years. The Htdes were early residents. Arunah W. Hyde was early a merchant, and sold hia stock in trade to John Goodwin. He then pur chased a lot of Jerrod Palmer, and built the house known as tho Westover house, recently burned, where ho kept tavern for mauy years. Ho also bought of Samuel Moulton lands adjoin ing hira on the sonlli. He and his brother, Pitt W. Hyde, married sisters, daughters of James Kilbourn. P. W, II was the father of James K. Hyde of Sudbury, and of A. W. and Pitt W. Hyde of Castleton. A. W. Hyde was one of the original trustees of tho Rutland Co. Gram mar-school appointed by the Legislature; he was also town clerk and high sheriff for a num ber of years. Tho Westover house was built in 1S06. Robert Temple built the house where Mr CASTLETON. 509 Westover now lives, about the same time, which he occupied as a residence. The house where Judge Howe lived was built by Hon. Rollin C. Mallory : also, about the same time, and after ward sold to Judge Howe. The father of Hon. John Meacham settled in Fairhaven, where he reared a large family, struggling with poverty. Judge M. served an apprenticeship at the nailing business ; but soon after he became of age, he engaged in the mer cantile business ; first in company with Eben ezer Langdon, Esq., — afterward with James Adams, Esq. His business prospered, and he acquired what was considered a handsome for tune for the times. Yarious offices of trust were conferred upou him. He was trustee of the Grammar-school, town treasurer, town repre sentative, and judge of probate. His flrst wife was Mary Langdon, by whom he had his only surviving daughter, Mrs. Hiram Ainsworth, who now occupies the old homestead. Mr. Meacham was born in WUliamstown, Mass., in 1776, and died in 1848. James Adams was bom in Simsbury, Ct, in 1775, and settled iu Castleton, as a grocer,' at HydeviUe, in 1801. From HydevUle he moved to Castleton viUage, and joined partnership with Jndge Meacham, in mercantile business. There was a house which stood on the Meach am Comer, which they bought of a Mr. Baker, in which Mr. Adams first lived after his marriage. Subsequently the firm bought out Mr. Mo'In- tosh, on the opposite side of the way. In the division, Mr. Adams took the south side, and Mr. Meacham the north ; and each built upon his own site. After the partnership with Mr. Meacham was dissolved, Mr. Adams traded by himself till 1829 ; then in company with C. N. Dana. In 1831, the stock was sold to Albert Langdon. Mr. Langdon sold to Israel Davey and B. F. Adams, in 1836. Mr. Adams with most of his family, joined the Congregational church, in '31. He died about the year '57. Dea. Enos Merrill was a native of W. Hartford, aud was one of the early settlers ; probably as early as 1785. His early training waa strictly Puritan. In early life he acquired a fondness for the writings of Edwards and Bellamy, and others of that class, which he read with avidity, and became thoroughly versed in the theology of that school. He was a piUar in the church iu Castleton for nearly 60 years. From time to time there were many young men in hia family, apprentices to the trade of tanning and shoemaking. They were requured to be present at family prayers, and to pay a strict regard to the Sabbath ; and most of them became pious whUe in his employ ; and several of them, turning aside from the trade, became ministers of the Gospel. He was a model of regularity in all social and religious matters. To the fuU measure of his ability he contribut ed labor and money to forward the interests of education aud religion, at home and abroad. About the year 1856 he removed to MUton, Vt., with his son Timothy, where he died, in '58, aged 90 years. Capt. John Mason, the fifth child and young est son of Peter Mason 2d and Margaret Fan ning, and great grandson of Maj. John Mason, was born at Groton, Ct. , 1764. He removed to Castleton about the year 1785. His first wife was Sarah Woodward by whom he had 13 chil dren, all of whom lived to yeara ^of maturity. nine of the 13 were married. Milo, the eldest son, graduated at West Point, and was in the regular army until his death, at wbich time he held the office of Major. Capt. J. Mason was a worthy citizen of Cas tleton, where he was a magistrate, a member of the State Legislature, and of the Governor's Council, a Presidential Elector, aud a trastee of the Grammar school. He died, at his resi dence in Castleton, 2 miles north of the village, in 1845, aged 82. RuFUs Branch came from Lenox, Mass., to Benuington Vt, and resided there to the close of the Revolutionary war. He engaged with all his might in the battle of Bennington, and rejoiced with tbe victors in the triumphs of the day. At the close of the war, he removed to Castleton, where he lived the remainder of his days. He had 4 sons and 5 daughters. His oldest son Darius, was 1 2 years old at the time of the battle of Bennington ; and is said to have been the oldest male in that town who did not go to the flght; and he was re strained with great difficulty by his mother. In after life he showed great fondness for mili tary distinction, and became a colonel in the artUlery. He settled in life at OrweU first, but soon removed to Castleton, whore he reared 11 children, aU but one of them Uving Feb. 1870. The families both of Rufus and Darius were decidedly religious, and so it may be said of their descendants. Col. Darius Branch was a con stant attendant on the houae of God, and a lib eral supporter of religious institutions at home and abroad. He died in his 84th year. James Palmer settled early in the N. E. part of the township, quite up among tho hills, 510 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. in a place called Belgo ; for what reason is not known, unless it was from the configuration of the hiUs about his little vaUey. Remote as he was from society, his name and influence were not lost. The family wore noted for talent and for inteUigence. His oldest son. Dr. David Palmer, graduated at Castleton Mod. Col. in 1824, was distinguish ed as a practitioner, and a man of science. He became a professor of Chemistry, aud Lecturer in the Vt., Medical College in Woodstock, where he resided, and also in tho Medical College at Pittsfield, Mass., and died in the midst of active usefulness, by inhaling sulphurous acid gas, by reason of some defect in tbe apparatus, when performing an experiment before tho class, aged 51 years. His brother, Allen, sliU occu pies the homestead. We now go back to the commencement of the revolutionaet war. Previous to this war settlors were located on all the principal highways, which differed but little from what they are now; and their habitations were remote from each other. The conflicting claims between New-Hampshire and New- York added not a little to the troubles incident to a new settlement Yet hope cheered these hardy adventures. It is sad to think such a communi ty must encounter the evils of frontier warfare, and the quiet of their peaceful cabins be brok en by savage alarms. Castleton was a frontier township during the war ; most ofthe settlements to the north hav ing been deserted soon after its commencement. Many of the inhabitants of Castleton also fled ; yet the majority remained through the war, and stood firmly for the cause of Independence. Tories there were, to the great annoyance of the faithful ; hut thoy were carefully watched, and sometimes treated with severity. plan foe capturing fort ticonderoga. The idea of surprising the mUitary posts on Lake Champlain, held by the British govern ment, was conceived soon after the battle of LexirRton. The first active measures for this purpose were taken by several gentlemen in Connecticut, who obtained a loan of $1800 from tho Legislature of that State, and then hastened to Bennington for tho purpose of en gaging Ethan Allen for the enterprize. Allen readily undertook to conduct the expedition, and at once set out to collect men from the Green Monntain Boys. The appointed ren dezvous was Castleton. Early m May, 1775, about 200 Green Mountain Boys, and i.bout 50 volunteers from Salisbury, Ct., and Berkshire, Mass., were mustered by Col. AUen at Castle ton. After the men were mustered, CoL Bene dict Arnold, with a single attendant, arrived, and claimed command by virtue of written in structions from the committee of safety of Mas sachusetts, authorizing him to enlist 400 men, and with them seize the fortress. He also claimed precedence by virtue of his commission as Colonel. Col. Allen stoutly refused to give up the command of the men he had mustered. A council was held on the night previous to the capture, in a small farm house built by Richard Bently — afterwards burned — ^which stood just in front of the old parsonage of the Congregational society. After an angry and pro tracted discussion, which lasted nearly through the night, it was decided that Col. Arnold would have no authority to command the men already raised by Alien, and to whom he was an entire stranger; that AUen should have tho commission of Colonel, and command the ex pedition, and that Arnold might join it as an assistant. The men were quartered at the house of Zadok Remington, who then kept a tavern halfa mile west ofthe present viUage. Several of these recraits were from Castleton ; one of whom, Nehemiah Hoit, claimed to have been the third man who entered the fort, as al ready stated. The expedition left Castleton in the morning of May 9th, and reached OrweU the evening of the same day. The crossing of the lake was efiected a little before day-break by a part, only, of the company. Here, again, Arnold, who had been allowed to join the party as au assistant, strove for the chief command. An gry words ensued, so that the men, fearful lest the garrison should be alarmed, threatened to flee. It was flnally agreed that Allen and Ar nold should enter the fort side by side — Arnold on tho left. The surrender of the fort was de manded by CoL Allen, from Capt. Delaplace, its commander, " in the name of the Great Jeho vah and tho Continental Congress." The capture of Ticonderoga, and the inva sion of Canada which followed, left Western Vermont comparatively secure for a short time ; but the retreat of tho American forces up the lake in 1777, laid the whole region open again to depredations from British and Indians. Castleton, the frontier town, was the rendez vous for recruits for Ticonderoga at this time, for which a most earnest appeal was made, as the Britisli were seen to be closing around that fortress. Some 20 recruits were gathered hers CASTLETON. 511 in July, 1777; a part of the citizens of Cas tleton, waiting an increase of their number, so as to make it safe for them to go to Ti conderoga. skirmish at castleton. About half a mUe east of Castleton village, on the north-west corner of the east and west road and the Hubbardton road, stood the house of George Foote, where religious worship was held on the Sabbath. Upon the corner oppo site was a school-house. A mUe and a half north of this, on the Hubbardton road, lived Capt John Hall. StUl further north, on what is known as the Ransom farm, was a building appropriated to recruita. On the Sabbath. July 6th, while the people were gathered for relig ious worship, the alarm is given that the en emy is approaching. At the same time the recmils come flying down the road and take shelter iu the school-house, and in the house of Mr. Foote. Women and children take shelter in the cellar. There is bri.sk flring fi-om both sides, for a considerable time, but the casual ties are few, the one party covered by the build ings, the other by the trees of the forest There is a closer conflict. Capt WiUiams, a volun teer from Guilford, Vt, is wounded in the groin, but will not yield ; and, in a hand to hand fight, deals a heavy blow upon a British Lieu tenant. He is then bayoneted th.-ough the body, and expires in a few momenta. Capt. John Hall receives a shot in the leg, and as he lies profusely bleeding, calls for water. As hia wife ia bringing it to him, a tory named Jones, kicks the dish from her hands. Capt. HaU died of his wound not long after. One of the British infantry was mortaUy wounded, and an other shot through the body ; but recovered through the kind attentions of Mrs. Hall — ren dering good for evil. One of Capt. WiUiams' sons waa wounded in the heel, in the early part of tho engagement, and fled to the wooda. He finally reached Rutland in a famishing condi tion. Two sons of Capt. HaU. Elias and Alphe us, George Foote and others, were taken pris oners and carried to Ticonderoga, but made their escape after a few weeks. The body of Capt. Williams, wrapped in a blanket, without a coffin , waa rudely buried at the foot of a tree near by. Forty- four years after his remains were disinterred, and the bones carefully gathered and laid together in exact order by Luther Deming, (a man perfectly Wind,) and re-buried in the village grave-yard, with appropriate ceremonies. Capt. Williams had been at Ti. during the French war, and w.as anxious to go there again. battle of hubbardton. After this most unequal conflict, iu which the British, tories and Indiana outnumbered nearly ten to one, the victorious party re turned to Hubbardton, rifling houses and gath ering plunder on their way. It was on this same day that Gen. St. Clair evacuated Ticon deroga, and marched his forces for Castleton. His route waa by the old mUitary road to Hub bardton ; thence aouth by the Hubbardton road. The van of St. Clair's army encamped that night near the place where Williams and Hall had juat fallen. One division of the army un der Col. Bellows encamped about 2 miles south of Hubbardton. The rest of the army, with Cols. Wamer, Francis, and Hale, encamped at Hubbardton. The foraging party engaged in the skirmish at Castleton came near falling into the hands of St. Clair's army, on their return ; but meet ing aome of his soldiers who were straying in advance, thoy learned of the approach of the army ; and, taking these prisoners, they turned off the road to the right into tho woods, and so escaped. They encamped that night within a short distance of Col. Warner's command — so near, says Mr. Hall, one of the prisoners, that the noise of the battle was perfectly distinct, and great anxiety was felt as to who were the combatants, and what was the result. The same party, commanded by Capt. Sherwood, took several more prisoners in Hubbardton, all of whom they carried to Ticonderoga. There is a question, who was the commander of this foraging party. Lieut. Hall, a prisoner with the party, saya it was commanded by Capt. Fraser. Thompson's History says the same. Other authorities say that Capt Fraser was certainly on the west side of the lake, a few days before, leading the attack on the American lines. Besides, Capt Sherwood is said to have been the commander of the forag ing party in Hubbardton, whicli was proba bly the same as that at Caatleton. The battle of Hubbardton occured July 7, 1777, with the details and results all are fa miliar. A single incident may here be stated. Sometime in 1828 the writer met an aged man in Kingsboro', N. Y., a worthy deacon in the Congregational church, who waa in the battle, and who gave me the following particulars. He stated that his mesa were juat making their breakfast, when they were saluted by a volley 512 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of musketry. That the enemy came up over a I the sight of a habitation, and hope for shelter rise of ground on the west, and rushed down upon thoir encampmouL The Americans were soon formed, and tho battle raged fiercely. Compellod to retreat, tliey flod eastward, down through a vaUey, and then up a steep hill; halting occasionally and firing upon their pur suers — and that passing over tho hill or mountain, they mado their way to Rutland. " Wlion climbing tho hill," lie added, "my coat collar was cut away by a musket ball." He had not visited the placo since, but his descrip tion of the ground was perfect Alter this battle, St. Clair proceeded to Fort Kdward, and joined Gen. Schuylar. The Brit ish forces advanced to Castleton, where they remained for several weeks — one regiment un der Gen. Fraser encamping in the west part of the town, the other, under Gen. Reidsel, a lit tle to the east ofthe village, where the skirmish had been. During the events above described there wero times of groat excitement, and some fam ilies fled in alarm ; but the greater part re mained. The year following the battle of Hub bardton a fort was built near the spot where the first blood had been spilled in Castleton, furnished with two cannon, and garrisoned un der diiferent commanders, till the close of the war. All able bodied men in the settlement were enrolled as minute-men, ready to repair to the fort at the call of the signal-gun. Many soldiers' graves, whose names have long since been forgotten, are still visible near the site of the fort, unless recently eflaced. The following incident wiU iUustrate the trials of those trying days. Very early one morning the alarm-gun is hoard, and Mr. Lake living a mile and a h.alf from tho fort, shoul ders his gun, and obeys the summons, leaving his wife and two children unprotected in their log-cahin, remote from any neighbor. Soon a Mrs. Eaton, who lived ono fourth of a mile distant, came flying in, with her two children, hurried from their bed, greatly alarmed. In her haste she had loft her bread in the ovon, nnd taken her children without anything to cat What can these mothers do? Terrifled and alarmed, they resolve to flee for safety; although it was still dark, and r.aining fast. With all possible luaato tbey mako their way over hills, tlirough tho woods, quite to the Bouthorn border of tho township, to the houso of a Mr. Richmond. It was a difficult and fa tiguing tramp. Wet and weary, the children crying from hunger and cold, they rejoice at and warmth. As they approach the door, the voice of prayer from within fills them with joy. They listen — but what is their dismay when they hear loud and earnest petitions for the triumph of the British arms, and the over throw and destruction of all who oppose. It is the prayer of a tory. Wet and weary as they arc — and the children crying for bread — they turn away with indignation to look for some more kindly shelter. Many other incidents, equally touching, there were no doubt, which have not been pre served ; but from this we get a glimpse at those trying times. PEOTISION FOE VOLUNTEERS. The records of tho colony furnish evidence of trae devotion to the American cause. The town voted, .Sept 30, 1780, " To give as many men as wiU turn out as volunteers, out of this town, to scout to defend the frontiers, ten silver doUars per month, or p.iy tbem in wheat at 5 shiUings per bushel, and one shiUing and six pence each per day as biUet-money. to victual themselves, and one gill of rum per day, while they are in the woods." The same year, also, voted, "To raise Twenty Pounds Sterling in money, and 2282 lbs. of flour, and eighty-five bushels of rye and com, for the use of the State." And in 1772, voted, "To divide the Town into two classes, to hire each class a man, to go into the service the ensuing campaign." In April of the same year, voted, " To raise a rate of 49 Pounds 8 shillings, on the Ust of 17S1, to pay soldiers for the ensuing campaign." Castleton was organized into a town in Maroh, 1777. Eli Cogswell w-as the first town clerk, Jesse Belknap was the first justice ofthe peace, Zadok Remington waa the first representative after the organization. Educational and religious matters were not neglected by the colonists, though oppressed with burdensome taxes, and the many person al sacrifices incident to tliese trying times. We learn from the proprietors' records, that meas ures were taken to secure preaching as early aa 1775. Religious services were held before this, no doubt, aud very likely the township had al ready boou visited by missionaries from the Connecticut Missionary Society, by whose time ly Labors the foundations of many churches were laid : but this is the first mention of dis tinct action. From this time religious worship on the Sabbath was maintained pretty constant- CASTLETON. 513 ly. The house of George Foote was tho place for meeting at the time of the war, and the place where the people were as.sembled when they were attacked by the British and Indians. The school-house which stood on the corner opposite to George Foote's, at the time of the skirmish before mentioned, is evidence of the establishment of schools previous to 1777. — From the town-records we learn, that there were two schools kept during the winter of 1778-9 : one of them near Zadock Reming ton's, by Gen. Cogawell ; the other near Reu ben Moulton's, in the east part, by Alpheus Hall. A vote to divide the town into school districts was passed in 1785. Before the war a frame-house was built by Mr. Bently, which stood just in front of the old parsonage of the Congregational society, where the remains of the cellar may now be discover ed. This was the house where the councU was held on the question of commanding the expe dition against Ticonderoga. There was anoth er buUt hy George Foote half a mUe east of the viUage — one by Reuben Moulton, 2 miles east. But the first frame-house was built by Zadock Remingtou, and the second by Ger shom Lake. The early years of the colony must have been unusually prosperous. In less than 6 years from the arrival of the first families, as many as 30 log-houses had been built, and 6 or 8 frame-houses — schools established, a place of meeting fixed upon, and measures in progress to secure the stated ministrations ofthe gospel. The Village of Castleton is situated near the centre of the township, on the southern bank of Castleton river, on a level plain, whieh is elevated about 30 feet above the bed of the stream. Main Street, which is half a mile in length, wide and perfectly level, may challenge a comparison with any other in New England. The present population is about 600. Tbe public buUdings are Castleton Seminary, situated on a beautiful elevation at the head of Seminary Street, with a spacious yard, beauti fuUy shaded in front. There is, also, connected with it, a building for a Normal school. The Town HaU, a substantial brick building, erect ed in 1856, standing upon the site of the old Rutland County Grammar School. Two large hotels, viz., the Bomoseen House and the San ford House — and five church edifices, described in another place. The buildings formerly owned and occupied by Castleton Medical CoUege have been remov ed, since the ooUege was discontinued. The water-power at Castleton village, though smaU, has been used for difl'eront purposes at different times, and is of some importance. It was first improved by Erastus Higley and Eb en'r Langdon, in 1803 ; by Mr. Higley for a card- ing-machine and fuUing-miU, and by Mr. Lang don for an oil-mill. Afterwards there waa a mill for sawing marble, and another for grind ing provender. About 1835, Mr. Higley sold his interest in the water-power to Mr. Hart Langdon, who built a furnace, and carried on a large business for several years. Mr. M. G. Langdon built a distillery here about 1830. Mr. A. W. Hyde built another a little to the east of the vUlage, about the same time. Neither of them continued long in op eration. There is also a marble-mill, built by Smith Sherman, on the Hubbardton brook, half a mile from the village. This was the first mar- ble-mUl in the town, since the one owned by Mr. Higley, and has done a large business for many years. EAELT BUSINESS MEN. Solomon Gouernsey is supposed to have been the flrst merchant. He built and occupied the brick house wliich stood where the Bomoseen House now stands. A. W. Hyde succeeded him in the same building. After him Mr. Thrall, father of Reuben R. Thrall, Esq., of Rutland, occupied it for a tavern. Mr. Hyde then trad ed in the Goodwin house, and in 1806 sold out to Mr. John Goodwin, who continued the busi ness until his death. Mr. Hyde then built the Weston house, and opened a tavern. Other merchants were Gen. EU CogsweU, with a partner by the name of Graham ; Samuel Couch ; Mr. Baker, who sold to Messrs. Meacham & E. Langdon ; and then Meacham & Adams, in 1801 — Dr. Selah Gridley, Albert Langdon, A. W. & 0. Hyde, 0. N. Dana, M. G. Langdon. Adams & Davey, Root & Tomlinson, Perron Parker. Tanners and shoe-makers : James Kilbourn carried on business near Z. Remington's; Dea. Enos MorrUl, at the west end of the village; Milton Mcintosh, east of the viUage ; Sylves ter Pond, north, on the E. Hubbardton road. Ebenezer Parker and Capt. Joseph Barney were the prominent blacksmiths. The hatting business was carried on early by Read Mead, in a building which stood where the Liberal church now stands. Carpenters and Joiners — Jonathan Deming, Mr. Thompson, John Houghton, N. Granger, T 514 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. E. Dake, Freedom Brown, Clark Stevens & Son. Hydeville is a flourishing viUage upon the outlet of Lake Bomoseen, where there ia water- power sufficient to in-opel a large amount of machinery. For many years ita use was limit ed to a grist-niiU and two or threo saw-mills. It now forms an important business centre, es- jiecially for marblo and sialic manufacture, and claims a more extended notice. Since 1850 the water-power at HydeviUe has been largely in the hands of Messrs. A. W. & Pitt W. Hyde, through whose enterprise, and the extensive and growing marble and slate interests the amount of busineas haa largely increased. It should be understood that Hyde viUe is the centre and R. R. station for a num ber of slate quarries and manufacturing com panies, which are therefore noticed in connec tion with it. Marble Mills. — HydeviUe company, Marble Mill. Sherman, Adams & Langdon, Marble Mill. Slate Milk.—'E. A. Billings, Slate Manufacto ry ; Forest Mining and Slate company ; West Castleton Mining and Slate company ; Eagle R. R. and Slate company. AU these are em ployed in the manufacture of roofing and mill stock. For the manufacture of finished wares, such as mantles and other marbleized articles, there are the Forest Mining and Slate company ; the Castleton R. R. and Slate company. Tlte Slate Quarries are : 3 at W. Castleton ; Copelaiid's ; Western Vermont ; BiUings' : Hyde's; Baker's Vein; Bliss' Vein; Root&Tom- hns!On's Vein; Copeland's Vein ; Eogle State company's Vein, and two or three others not designated by name. There is at HydeviUo a flouring miU, with 4 runs of stone, and a miU for .sawing lumber ; 4 stores, and one at West Castleton ; 2 groce ries ; boot and shoe shop ; wagon shop ; tin and hardware. Ou the hordsrs of Lake Bomo seen are 3 or 4 mills for sawing lumber. It is necessary to consider tho various sup- plies of water to L.ake Bomoseen, in order to a full appreciation of the water-power in aud about IlydoviUo. Tliero is a chain of lakes in Hubbardton connected with each other, and all emptying their waters into Lnko Bomoseen. Tliose are— Walkor Lake, Roach L., Brezer L., Beboo L., Prince L., and one other. Add to those Screwdriver, or Glen Lake, and Half- Moon Lake, which empty directly into L. Bo moseen, and we have the sources of supply.— The water-power at the outlet at HydeviUe is estimated at 250 horse power ; at Glen Lake at 50 horse power, and a small power at Half Moon. The tonage of slate and marble from Hyde ville, in 1870, was, of slate, including roofing, billiard and miU stock, 12,686,320 lbs. ; of marble 4,956,265 lbs. ; mantles, 2200 lbs. There is a post-office at Hydeville, and also at West Castleton — 2 churches: St. James, Episcopal church, organized 1852 — church ed ifice erected 1853 ; ministers employed Rev. A. H. Bailey, Rev. Mr. Batchelder, Rev. Oliver Hop.son, Rev. Mr. Harris, Rev. J. Isham Bliss. Members of the church 50 — of the congrega tion 150. Baptist church, organized 1850; church edifice erected the same year. For aev eral years the church and congregation, in con siderable part, belonged to Fairhaven, and the society was pretty large. There is now a sep arate organization in Fairhaven, and the church at Hydeville is somewhat reduced. The first established pastor was Elder C. B. Smith: El der C. H. Green succeeded him, and remained 9 years. Since Elder Green left, the church has enjoyed the labors of Elder Giles, Elder Goadley, D. D., and Elder Chase. The present pastor is Elder H. L. Grose. The congregation numbers 100 ; church members 75. One mile south of HydeviUe is a Welch soci ety of Wkilfield Methodists, recently organiz ed. House of worship built in 1869: congre gation from 60 to 75. SLATE pencil QUARET AND FACTORT. This quarry is situated about 3 miles north from the viUage of Castleton. on a small stream which empties into Lake Bomoseen. Very lit tle waa known respecting it previous to 1854. Some few pencils had been manufactured in a crude way, previous to this ; but nothing of importance had been done until Mr James Ad ams entered upon the business in 1854. It was continued by him untU 1859, when a partner ship wns formed with H. 0. Brown, and con tinued until 1866, when D. R. Satterlee became n partner, under the firm name of Adams. Brown ft Co. The year following it was incorporated as the "Adams Manufacturing Company," with a capital stock of $225,000 ; James Adams, president; D. R. Satterlee, vice president, and 0. A. Brown, secretary. The factory is situated at tho quarry— has a steam engine of 80 horse power, and suitable machinery for turning out 100,000 pencUs per day. The company employ about 100 work men. The pencils are of superior quality, and CASTLETON. 515 are sent to all parts of the world. They are called the " the soap-stone pencil." This stone is also ground into a fine powder, and used in the manufacture of paper. It alao contains a very large per cent, of alum, and the company e.Tpect to manufacture alum in large quantities. For the above purposes thero is no quarry in tho United States, if there is in the world, to compare with it BANKS. The flrst bank established in Castleton, call ed the " Bank of Castleton'' was organized in 1852, under the general banking-law of the State ; capital stock $100,000. Hon. Wm. C. Kittridge was the flrst president ; L. D. Foote, first cashier. T. W. Rice succeeded Judge Kittridge, in 1854, as president, and C. M. Wil lard, Esq., was appointed cashier. This bank was cloaed up in ISPQ, and The Mutual Bank of Castleton was organized in its place, with a capital of $50,000 ; T. W. Rice, president; C. M. Willard, cashier. In 1867 the title of the bank was changed to The Castleton National Bank, and Carlos S. Sherman became president, and I. M. Guy, cashier. TOWN CLERKS. The list of town officers is necessarily imper fect, in consequence of the loss of part of the records by fire. Eli Cogsel,* the first town clerk, held the of fice until 1781, and was succeeded by Brewster Higley. How long he retained the office is not known. A. W. Hyde was town clerk for some years previous to 1812. J. G. Harris waa town clerk from 1812 to '36 ; 0. R. Harris from '36 to '52; H.O. Higley, '52 to '55; Wm. Werd to '57 ; John Howe, to '61 ; Wm. Moulton, to '62 ; John Howe, to '66 ; C. M. WiUard, to '71 ; H. C. Clark, '71. town TREASURERS, In the order of their appointments : Ebenezer Lemgdon, John Meacham, Erastus Higley, John Goodwin, Eebenezer Lemgdon, S. H. MerrUI, Samuel Moulton, John Meacham, T. W. Rice, Wm. Moulton. TOWN EEPRESENTATIVES. Capt. Joseph Woodward represented the town in the Convention held in Dorset, Sept., 1776, and was appointed chairman of the Convention. Capt John Hall represented the town at Westminister in 1777, when the State was declared independent. Mr. Hall was killed the same year at Castleton. * This name was afterwards written Cogswell. Jesse Belknap — represented at Pittsford in 1778. Zadok Remington represented, proha bly in 1779. I have not been able to find the names of other representatives until 1812. From this date the list is complete. Ebenezer Langdon, 1812; Chauncy Lang don, 1813, '14; William Pond, 1815 to '16 Chauncy Langdon, 1817; John Mason, 1818 Channcy Langdon, 1819 to '22; Johu Mason 1822, Special Session ; Eeuben Moulton 1823 to 1829; Selah H. Merrill, 1831, '32 Nehemiah Hoit, 1833 ; John Meacham 1835, '36 ; Hyde Westoon, 1837, '38 ; Erastus Hig ley, 1839, '40; William Sanford, 1841, '42 0. E. Harris, 1843, '44; Samuel Cheever; 1845, 46 ; T. W. Bill, 1847, '48 ; Ezra Carr, 1849 ; Wm. B. Colburn, 1850; Isaac T.Wright, 1851, '52; Chester Spencer, 1853, '54; A. G. W, Smith, 1855; Chester Spencer, 1856; Hyde Wesloon, 1857, '58 ; I. T. Wright, 1859, '60 E. J. Holloch, 1861 ; Pitt W. Hyde, 1862, '64; Eichard M. Phillips, 1865, '66: John Howe, 1867; Fayette Barney, 1868, '69 Pitt W. Hyde, 1870. JUDGES OF PEOBATE. District of Fairhaven, Castleton. Probate office at Judges. Wm. Ward, Simeon Smith, Wm. Ward, C. Langdon, Wm. Ward, Erastus Higley, Sam'l Moulton, Erastus Higley, John Stanley, John Meacham, Almon Warner, C. M. Willard, Residence. Poultney, Castleton, Poultney, Castleton, Poultney, Caatleton, Time. 1788 to '92. 1793. 1794 to '98. 1799 to 1800. 1801 to '13. 1814 to '21. 1822.1823. 1824 to '29. 1830.1831 to '47. 1848 to '71. EEGISTEES OF PEOBATE. Registers. C. Langdon, John Brown, Selah Gridley, John Stanley, Wm. Ward, jr., C. Langdon, S. H. Merrill, Almon Warner, S. II. Merrill, B. F. Langdon, J. A. Warner, Residence. Poultney, Castleton, Poultney, Castleton, Poultney, Castleton, Time. 1793. 1796 to '97. 1799 to 1800. 1801 to '02. 1804 to '13. 1814 to '15. 1815 to '23. 1824 to '29. 1830 to '39. 1839 to '43. 1846 to '47. POST MASTERS. Little Is known respecting the post masters in the early history of the town, or in what year a post offlce was established. The first 516 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. settlers went to Rutland, 11 miles, for all mail matter, but how long is not known. So far as we can learn, Dr. Selah Gridley may have been the first post master, though it is probable there were others before him. Samuel Moul ton, Esq., received the appointment in 1810, and hold it tiU his dcalli in 1838. Since his death the following persons have held the of liee, viz. Hannibal Hodges, Cullen Moulton, Chester Spencer, Gustavus Buel, and William Moulton, the present post master. SUPPORT OF THE POOR. The system adopted for tho care of the poor up to 1X45, was to authorize the selectmen to make all necessary provision; or else to com mit them to the care of the lowest bidder, dis posing of them at auction on the day of town meeting. In 1845, the town purchased the farm owned by Dea. Endearing Johnson, at a cost of $6000, embracing 380 acres of land, with good farm house and out-buildinga. Since the purchase of the farm to tho present time, an overseer of the poor has been chosen annually, who has the oversight of the farm, aud the care of the poor. Those most needy and dependent are kept at the town farm, while those who need only a little help from time to time, are pro vided for at their own homes, or with their friends. The average annual expenditure for the poor for the last 26 yeara haa been $542,48. The largest amount in .any one year was $1114,30, and the least $383,89. This in cludes cost of clothing, and doctors' bills, care of the sick, burying the dead, and the salary of the overseer. A portion of the land in the original pur chase has been sold. 100 acres of it is timber- land lying in the town of Hubbardton ; ond the balance, 160 acres, called tho home farm. In most cases it pays all the expenses of the poor. Mr. Fayette Barney, tho present overseer, has occupied the position for many years. THE WHIPPING POST Was an ancient institution of this, na of other towns, in the eariy hiatory of the state ; but it is said, it was never used for tho purpose for which it was erected. HEALTH, DISEISES, MOETALITT. Castleton may be regarded as a healthy township. In tho eariy settlement, intermit tent, remittent, and infiammatory fevers were common— especially near the outlet of tho lake — but they are now comparatively rare. Many of the inhabitants have lived to great age, and the bills of mortality compare favor ably with other parts of the state. The aver age number of deaths yearly, from 1 804 to 18 1 3, waa 22 1-2, and from 1829 to 1854, 26 3-4. If we take into account the increase of population, the rate of mortality must have been less du ring the latter period. The most mortal dis eases have been typhoid pneumonia, malig nant typhus and canker rash. These have been epidemics at different periods. The most mor tal epidemic was of typhoid pneumonia in 1813, of which 63 died, chiefly adults. In 1833, the number of deaths waa 46. In 1841, It waa 66, and in 1849, it was 49. NEWSPAPERS IN CASTLETON. The firat newspaper published in this town, was called The Vermont Statesman. It was commenced in 1824, by Ovid Miner, Editor and Proprietor — Whig in politics. Mr. Miner re mained but a few years, and soon after leaving Castleton, entered the ministry in which he continues to this day. TJnder the management of different Editors, retaining essentiaUy the same political character, the Statesman contin ued tiU 1855. The Green Mountain Eagle was establiahed about 1832, under the excitement of Anti- Masony. Judge Howe was probably the prime mover and principal proprietor in the enter prise. For a time this paper had a pretty wide circulation, and became an important organ of the Anti-Masonic party. Its existence term inated with that party. SUMMAET OF THE BUSINESS OF CASTLETON. Town officers, and professional men, &c., 1871. clerk, C. M. Willard; overseer and agent, F. Barney ; treasurer, Wm. Moulton ; selectmen. Seneca Field, C. R. Farewell, Wm. M, Bachelder ; justices of the peace, C. M. Willard, Chester Spencer, Philip Pond, Fayette Barney, P. W. Hyde; postmaster at C, Wm. Moulton. at Hyde\-ille, R. W. Hyde ; attorneys, C. M. WUlard, Bromber, Clark ; phy sicians, Joseph Perkins, H. C. Atwood, H. J. Bassett, Sanford; dentist, A. G. W. Smith; clergy, L. Francis, Congregational; J. Philips, Methodi.st Episcopal ; A. Mathewson, Advent; H. L. Gross, Baptiat ; Wm. T. Ross, Liberal ; Principal of Semiuary and Normal School, R. Q. Williams ; merchants, W. C. Guernsey, Arm strong Bros., Adams and Pepper ; druggists, Northrup and Son ; grocers, S. Proctor, T. P. Smith, E. D. BiUings, J. Culver; fiour dealers, Langdon and Ainsworth ; marble dealers, Shermam, Adams and Langdon, CASTLETON. 517 S. M. Dorr and Son, HydeviUe Co ; slate work ers, E. D. BiUings and Co., E. A. BiUings, For est mining and slate Co ; manufacturers. Bar rows and Graves, agricultural implements. SCHOOL DISTRICTS. Tho township was divided into school dis tricts in 1785, but the number of districts, at that time, is uot given. In 1804, we find the number to be six, and the amount of publio money received, $ 100. Tear. ma. SchoUrs. Amount. In 1810, there were 7, 513, 1159.89 1820, 8, 530, 160. 1830, 9, 591, 507. 1840, 10, 596, 561.35 1850, 10, 741, 662.68 1860, 11, 911, 899.14 1870, 11, 869.50 There are ten whole districts and two half districts, divided with adjoining towns ; so that the two halves are counted one. RUTLAND COUNTT 6R.iMMAE SCHOOL AND CASTLETON SEMINART. As early as 1786, it wotdd seem, the first movements were made which resulted in the es tablishment of the Rutland County Grammar School at Castleton. Feeling the inadequacy of the district schools of that day to meet the wants of their children, a plan waa devised to erect a buUding for a school of higher order. Perhaps there was an eye to the future gram mar school in this movement, yet the move ment was exclusively by the people of Castle ton. They must raise money, erect a building, and establish a school, before they could hope for any State enactment. Accordingly a building was erected a little to the west of the site of the present Methodist church, upon land given for a school by Samuel Moulton, and a school commenced. The year following, appUca tion was made to the Legislature of Vermont for a charter ; but instead of a charter, the Legisla ture passed an act authorizing the opening of a County Grammar School in the building recent ly erected, called the Gambriel-roof school- house, in Castleton ; provided it be done with out expense to the county. Here the school was opened, aa a Grammar School, in 1787. The act made no provision for a corporation ; yet there were efficient managers, and the school was soon in aucceasful operation, and continued to prosper untU the gambriel-roof buUding was consumed by fire about 1800. Thua was founded one of the earUest acad emies in the state ; and it stands a lasting mon ument to the enterpriae, liberality and wise forecast of those early settlera. It is impossi ble at this day fully to estimate the effort re quired for such an enterprise, on the part of those who were struggling amid the embarrass- ments of a new settlement. Yet, nothing daunt ed, when the firat building was consumed, its place was soon filled by another and larger building : and another appeal is made to the Legislature for a permanent charter, and with better success. Oct. 29, 1805, an act was passed by the Leg islature, entitled " an act confirming a Grammar School in the County of Rutland ;" and " the Reverend Elihu Smith, the Honorable James Witherell, and Messieurs Chauncy Langdon, Aruna W. Hyde, Theophilus ¦ Flagg, Samuel Shaw, James GUmore, Amos Thompson, John Mason, Enos Merrill and Isaac Clark" were con stituted a board of trastees, with the usual powers. Section III. of this act is in the following words. " And it is hereby further enacted, that the house in Caatleton, in said County, lately erected on the spot where stood the School-house for said County, which was lately consumed by fire, be and ia hereby eatabhshod as a County Grammar School-house for said County, so long as the inhabitants of said Cas tleton shall keep the same or any other house at the aame place in good repair for the pur pose aforesaid, to the acceptance of the County Court of said County." Special care was taken from the first, that the town of Castleton should be responsible for aU the expenses of the academy. With the exception of a limited amount of subscriptions secured for the purchase of the present building, and the rent of lands set apart for a county gram mar school, the entire expenses of the school have been met by the inhabitants of Castleton. The gross amount from the beginning, could it be ascertained, would be found surprisingly large. The name, " Rutland County Grammar School" was changed to "the Vermont Cassical High School," by Legislation act, Oct 29, 1828 : and again changed back to " Rutland County Grammar School," Nov. 1, 1830. Rev. Elihu Smith was the first president of the corporation, A. W. Hyde first secretary, Enos MerrUl first treasurer. RoUin C. Mallory, at that time a resideut of Caatleton, was elect ed a member of the corporation in 1807. Rev. Oliver Hulbert was the first preceptor. His term of service was in the old gambriel- roof school-house, and probably continued until that house was burned. Very little is known raepecting his administration ; only this, that the school waa well sustained, under the cir- 518 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. cumatancoa. Mr. Hurlbert subsequently enter ed the ministry, and was settled in Ohio. R. C. Moulton was chosen preceptor soon after the new building was completed. William Dickinson was chosen preceptor Sep tember, 1809, and continued tiU 1810 or '11, and was succeeded by Eleazer Barrows, who remain ed 2 years, and was eminently popular and suc cessful. John L. Cazier and Horace Belknap wore each of them preceptors, but it does not appear in what years, or how long they continued. In 1815 the academy building was removed back from the street, so as to make a deep front yard, and thoroughly repaired, involving much expense. Rev. John Glaney, a graduate of Middlebu ry College, was chosen preceptor in 1819. — He remained but one year ; and, after com pleting a course of study at Andover, Mass., entered the ministry, and settled over the Pres byterian church in Charlton, N. Y. He now resides in Schenectady. Mr. Henry Howe was chosen preceptor in 3820, aud his administration marks a new era of prosperity to the school. He was chosen with a view to permanency, and during his continuance for six years, the school grew in numbers and in prosperity. 'He left Castleton to take charge of an academy in Canandaigua, N. Y., where he was a successful teacher for many years, and gained a wide reputation. Rev. Edwin Hall, D. D., now president of Auburn Theological Seminary, N. Y., waa the immediate successor of Mr. Howe. Hon. Solomon Foote, late Senator in Con- gres, was chosen preceptor in May, 1828, and entered upon the duties with energy and high purpose, thinking to dovote his life to teaching. Aided by competent teachers, the school in creased rapidly, and the accommodations be came too strait to suit hia aapirationa. He con ceived the plan of a high school for lads, and by his own personal etforts, aided by Mr. For- dieo Warner and Mr. A. W. Hyde, the laive building now owned and occupied by the gram- mar school waa erected at a cost of $16,000, and dedicated, with an appropriate address by Rev. William B. Sprague, D. D., of Albany, N.Y. This was entirely distinct from the academy, the caro of which Mr. Foote had given up pre vioua to the dedication. From this time till 1833, the school waa in a transition state, and thero were frequent changes of principals, no one of whom continued long. The obstaclea to ' proapority were serious ; aud though able men were employed — such aa Rev. Truman M. Post, D. D., of St. Louis, and Hon. John Meacham, late repreaentative in Congreas, the institution languished. The spacious high school building standing unoccupied, doubtless had its influ ence. Mr. Foote opened a school for lads in that buUding, but not receiving the patronage he had hoped for, did not long continue. The building feU into the hands of Mr. A. W. Hyde, on whom the pecuniary reaponsibUity mainly rested. It was no easy matter to turn it to a useful and paying purpose. It was first tried for a tavern, and then for the use of the Medical College ; then it was offered to the Episcopalians, and then to the Baptists for a denominational school — all to no purpose. It was just auch a building as the Grammar School needed, but the corporation had no money to buy it. After much deliberation the corporation decided to rent the buUding for four years, at an annual rent of $400., and appointed Rev. Charles Walker, D. D., then of Rutland, and Rev. Lucius P. Clark, associate principals. This was a new era iu the schooL From this time it has been a boarding as well as a day school, with greatly augmeuted numbers and reputation. Within one year the school numbered about 200 in attendance. Mr. Walk er left at the end of one year, restored in health, and able to resume his chosen work in the ministry, at Brattleboro, Vt. Mr. Clark remained until 1SS7, when he re signed and went to Knoxville, Ten., as profess or of Chemistry and Natural History, in the University of Tennessee, where ho died. Rev. ilr. Meack was associated with Mr. Clark for a time, and was sole principal about one year. A contract for the purchase of the seminary building was efi'ected witb Mr. Hyde in March, 1S:1S, and the building has since been in the possession of the corporation. Rev. E. J. HaUock succeeded Jlr. Meack in the fiiU of 1838. He did much towards build ing up the in.stitution ; and rendered important ser\-iee in raising funds to cancel the debt for the building. He resigned in 1856, and died of cholera soon after, in St. Louis, Mo. Rov. Azariah Hyde of Benson was choaen principal in 1856, and remained 2 years. Ho was succeeded by Rov. Mr. Knowlton, now of Medway, Maas. Miss Harriet N. Haakel was invited to take charge of the sominary, in 1862, as lessee and CASTLETON. 519 principal, and was eminently successful. At the end of 5 years she received and accepted an invitation to Monticello seminary, Godfrey, 111. The two following years were years of de pression, and the number of scholars was great ly reduced. The present principal. Rev. R. G. WiUiams, chosen in 1869, is a man whose attain ments and large experience in teaching may be expected to raise the institution to more than its former prosperity. A State Normal School is now connected with the seminary. The recent re-union of scholars, teachers, and friends of the institution at Caatleton, Jan. 29, 1870, afforda a happy illustration of the deep and wide-apread infiuence it has exerted. There were about 500 'alumni present on the occasion, gathered from all parts of this State ; and from many other states. Few institutions in New-England can boast a larger number of a'umni, as widely scattered and influential. They may be found in nearly every state and territory of our own land, and some in foreign lands. The season referred to was most delight- fuL There were happy greetings, and joyful reminiscenses, and earnest pledges of aid and encouragement in days to come. Before separating, the alumni formed an as sociation, aud adopted a constitution which provides for annual meetings, aud also for a general convention of alumni every 5 years. TRUSTEES OF THE EUTLAND COUNTT GEAMMAR SCHOOL. 1805. 1807. t( 1808.1815. 1819. (I 1822. 1826. 1827.1827.1828.1830.1831.1835. Elihu Smith, James Witherell Chauncy Langdon, Arunah W. Hyde, Theophilus Flagg, Samuel Shaw, James Gillmore, Amos Thompson, John Mason, Enos Merrill, Isaac Clark, Rollin C. Mallary, Eobert Temple, David Sanford, Leonard E. Lathrop, Christopher M. Minot, Selah Gridley, Zimri Howe, John Meacham, Henry Howe, Selah H. Merrill, James Adams, Ezekiel Buel, Ovid Miner, Solomon Foote, Joseph Steele, ¦Toseph Perkins, B. F. Langdon, t * 182<5 t * 1819. * 1830. * 1815 * 1808.1815. * 1815. 1827. 1837.1858. 1821. * 1819. * 1838, * 1828. * 1823. * 1827^ t * 18.39. t t * i* tt* t 1826. 1836,1856.1831828. 1854. 1802. " Henry Hodges, * John Kellogg, t * 1845. AVm. 0. Kittridge, * 1869. " A L. Brown, J 1835. Alanson Mitchell, f Merritt Clark 1837. 0. N. Dana, f * 1842. 183S. Arunah W. Hyde, t 1869. 1839. H. 0. Higley, Almon Warner, * 1862. 1851. Aldace Walker, J Hyde Westoon, J 1869. " Azarich Hyde, f Timothy W. Eice, * 1869. 1855. Willard Child, + 1858. C. M. Willard, 1856. B. F. Adams, " Carlos S. Sherman, 1863. Charles Sheldon, 1865. John Howe, f " Wm. C. Guernsey, " James Adams, " Lewis Francis, 1869. Chas. H. Sheldon, J 1869. " Egbert H. Armstrong, " Chas. Ijangdon, Wm. N. Batchelder, Pitt W. Hyde, " Andrew N Adams, " Theodore M. Sherman, " Andrew Clark, " Josiah N. Northrup, " Hiram Ainsworth, " Farrand Parker. CASTLETON MEDICAL COLLEGE. The first course of medical lectures given in Vermont, waa delivered in Castleton, by Doc tors Selah Gridley, Theodore Woodward and John L. Cazier, commencing in March, 1818. By an act of the general assembly of Vermont, Oct 20, 1818, the charter of a medical school, to be caUed the Castleton Medical Academy, was granted to Selah Gridely. Theodore Wood ward and their associates and successors. A faculty was organized, and the flrst course of lectures, under the charter, commenced Nov. 15, 1818. Oct. 27, 1819, it was "enacted by the general assembly of the State of Yermont, that the president, with the consent of the pro fessors of Castleton Medical Academy, shaU have power to give and confer those honors and degrees, which are usually given in modi- ical institutions, on such students of said acade my as they shaU find worthy thereof"- By an act of Nov. 7, 1S22, the name of the institution was altered to " the Vermont Academy of Med icine." In 1820, a conventional connection was formed between thia institution and Mid dlebury CoUege, by which degrees of Doctor of Medicine were conferred on such students * Deceased. f Removed. X 520 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. of the institution as were found worthy. This connection ceased in 1827. Thia institution owed its existence, and much of its prosperity, to tlie enterpriao, resources nnd unwearied exertions of Doctors Gridley and Woodward. Until 1835, lectures were given in one annual lecture term of 14 weeks ; during the years 1835-37, tho lecture terms were scmi-iinnual ; tho spring term commenc ing in March, and the fall term in August; each term being 14 weeks. Near the anticipated opening of tho spring term of 1838, the severe indisposition of Prof Woodward, which termin- ated his career of usefulness, and the unexpect ed deiermination of two members ofthe faculty to engage in the organization of a rival school, and some other unpropitious events, served to suspend the operations of the school during the two following yeara. In 1830, the Vermont Academy of Medicine was reorganized, and a new faculty elected, and in March, 1840, the school was re-opened by an annual spring term of 14 weeka. After revers es so severe, it was not to be expected that confidence and patronage would at once be re gained by the institution. Tho anticip,ations of its friends, however, were more than realized, both in this and the succeeding aession, and their efibrts were unremitted to place the school on a permanent basis, with advantages equal to any in the country. During the year 1841, the lecture-rooms wei'e entirely re-modeled, so as to combine convenience with neatness and ele gance. The material of the anatomical mu seum was also much increased by the accession of Prof. M'Clintock's splendid preparations and paintings; and a new room 30 feet by 20 fitted up for their accomodation. Cabinets of materia medica and mineralogy wero added, also, in a separate apartment. By an act of the general assemblv passed Oct, 22. 1841, tho name ofthe Vermont Acad emy of Medicine waa altered tn the "Castleton Medical College," which was deemed more ex pressive of the character and eliaiteied priv ileges of tho school. Arrangements were mado for reading terma and private lectures and reeitationa, so as to approximate, so far as practieable, to tho collegiate system of regular recitations and instructions. The degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred by the presi dent, on such eandidatea as wero approved by the faculty, on tho last day of tho session, or at such other times aa wero designated by a ma jority of the faculty. During the interval of tho publio lectures, in- atruction was given at the college by the resi- ident members of the faculty, Drs. M'Cfintock, Perkins and Jamieson. This instruction con sisted of reading and recitation by classes, and a summer course of lectures on the anatomi cal tisanes and physiology ; botany and indig enous materia medica, and chemistry; also a fall or winter course on anatomy aud operative surgery. For several years foUowing the re-organza- tion, tho college was prosperous, and the number of students equal if not greater than in former years. About the year 1854, Dr. Perkins re signed his place as dean and professor, in con- sequence of some misunderstanding with the trustees and faculty, and removed his relation to the medical college at Burlington. The re sult was disastrous to the coUege. An un pleasant controversy grew np, the number of student.' was diminished, othera of the faculty resii'ned, funds to sustain the institution were wanting, and the whole waa given up. It is sad to think an institution that had enjoyed so great prosperity for many years, must cease to exist. From the triennial of 1854, it appears that the total of those who matriculated from 1818 to 1838, was 2014; and of graduates 547. The number who matriculated from 1839 to 1854, was 2603, and of those who graduated 804. Elected.1818, 1819, 1820,1822, 1823! 1825, 1827i 1828, 1828',1830,1830, 1839, COEPOEATION. Selah Gridley, M. D., Theodore Woodward, M, D., T. P. Matthews, A. M,, Hon. C. Langdon, A. M., Eev. Eliliu Smith, A. M., Leonard E. Lathrop, A. B., John Meacham, Esq., John Goodwin, Esq., James Adams, Esq., Hon. Zimri Howe, A. M., T. P. Batehelder. A. M., M. D., J. A. Fallup, A. M., M. D., Amoa Eaton, A. M., Jonathan Allen, M. D., William Anderson, M. D., Rev. Ethfin Smith, Hon. C. K. Williams, A, M., Henry Howe, A. M., William Tully, A. M., M. D., Benj. F. Langdon, A. M., Joseph Perkins, M, D., Selah H. Merrill, A, M., Samuel Moulton, Esq., Ezekiel Buel, Esq., Orlando N. Dana, Esq., Jonathan D. Woodward, M. D, Chester Spencer, Esq., Aruna W. Hyde, Esq!, M. G. Langdon, Esq., Exit. IS 2.5. 1840. 1820. 1830.1831.182'5. 1839. 1825. 1822. 1824. 1822. 1832. 1824. 1827. 1830. 1827. 1839. 1839.1838.1838. 1840. CASTLETON. 521 " Oliver Harris, Esq., Timothy W. Eice, Esq. PRESIDENTS. 1818, Selah Gridley, A. M., M. D , 1819, 1819, J. P. Batchelder, A. M., M. D., 1820 1820, Joseph A. Gallup, A. M., M. D., 1823. 1824, William Tully, A. M., M. D., 1839. 1839, Horace Green. M. D., 1841. 1841, James M'Clintock, M. D., 1843. 1843, Joseph Perkins, M. D., 1850. 1850, William Sweetser, M. D., 1856, Corydon L. Ford. PEOFESSOES. 1818, Selah Gridley, Theory and prac tice of Medicine and Materia Medica. 1820. 1818, Theo. Woodward, Surgery and Obstetrics. 1839. 1818, L. Leronte Cazrie, A. M,, Chem. Anat and Phys. 1819. 1819, Thos. P. Matthews, A.M., Chem. Anat. and Phys. 1820. 1819, John P. Batchelder, M. D., Anat. and Phvs. 1822. 1820, Selah Gridley, Clin. Prao. and Med. Juris. 1824 1820, Thos. P. Matthews, Chem. 1821. 1820, Amos Eaton, Bot, Chem. and Nat. Phil. 1826. 1820, Joseph A. Gallup, Theo. aud Prac. and Mat. Med. 1823. 1822, Wm. Anderson, Anat and Phys. 1824. 1822, Jonathan Allen, Mat. Mod. and Pharmacy. 1829. 1824, Win. Tully, Theo. and Prac. and Med. Juris. 1839. 1825, Alden Marsh, Anat and Phys. 1835. 1826, Lewis C. Beck, Botany and Chem. 1832 1826, Amos Eaton, ^'at Phil. 1828. 1828, Solomon Foote, Nat Phil. 1833. ¦ 1833, John D'Wolf, Chem. and Nat Phil. 1839. 1835, James H. Armsby, Anat. and Phys. 1839. 1839, Horace Green, Theo. and Prac. of Physic. 1841. 1839. Joseph Perkins, Mat. Med. and 1839, James Hadley, Chem. and Phar. 1841. 1839, Robert Nelson, Anat and Phys. 1840. 1839, James Bryan, Surgery and Med. Juris. 1841. 1841, Jamea M'Clintock, Gen., Special and Surg. Anat. 1841, Frank H. Hamilton, Prin. and Prac. of Surg. 1841, C. L. Mitchell, Phy. Gen. Pathol. and Opera. Obstet, 1841, David M. Ruse, Theo. and Prac. of Med. 1841, Wm. C. Wallace, Opthalmic Anat and Surg. 1841, Wm. Mather, Chem. and Phar. 1841, Wm. EuBsel, Med. Juris. 1842, Alfred C. Post, Opthalmia Surg. 1843, " " Surg. 1842, Ezra S. Carr, Chem, Phys. and Nat Hist. 1843, Samuel Parkman, Descriptive and Surg. Anat. 1845, Middleton Goldsmith, Prin. and Prac. of Surg. 1846, Thomas M. Markoe, Dea. and Surg. Anat 1844, Solomon Foote, Med. Juris. 1846, Wm. G. Kittridge, Med. Juris. 1849, Corydon La Ford, Anat and Phys. 1853, George Hadley, Chem. and Nat Hist 1857, Adrian T. Woodward. 1857, Albert Smith. 1858, Wm. P. Seymour, 1858, E. E. Sanborn. COLLEGE.GEADUATES, Who were residents of Castleton : James K. Guernsey, grad. at Dartmouth ; Selah H. Mer rUl, grad. at Middlebury, 1813 ; Leonard E. Lathrop, grad. at Mid. 1815, and received the Honorary degree of D. D. from Geneva, in 1840 — minister ofthe gospel, settled in Auburn N. Y. Jonathan C. Southmayd, grad. at Mid. 1817 — minister of the gospel, but devoted hia life mainly to teaching — preceptor ofthe acade my at Montpelier for several years; died at Sutheriand Falls. Benjamin P. Langdon, grad. at Union CoL, in 1818, practiced law in Castle ton. Alvin H. Parker, grad. at Mid. 1820, became a minister of the gospel and settled near Philadelphia. Daniel S. Southmayd, grad. at Mid. 1822— became a minister of the gos pel, settled first in Concord, Mass., then in Tex as, where he died. Julian G. Buel, grad. at Mid. 1823; lawyer, resided in Castleton; went to Georgia on account of iU health, and died there in 1834. Harvey 0. Higley, grad. at Mid. 1825 ; minister of the gospel, preached several years in Ohio ; resides at present in Castleton. Nelson Higley, grad. at Mid. 1826 ; minister ofthe gospel ; died at Castleton, 1831. Alexander W. Buel, grad. Mid. 1830 ; lawyer, settled in Detroit, Mich. — member of Congress. Edwin Hoit, grad. Mid. 1835; minister in the Advent church, lives in Michigan. John E. Claghorn, grad. Mid. 1836 ; and Auburn theoL sem; minister of the gospel, died at Castleton, 1847, aged 36 yeara. Julian M. Loveland, grad. Mid. 1841 ; resides in Castleton. George N. Boardman, grad. Mid. 1847 ; prof, in Mid. CoL, pastor at Binghampton, N. Y. ; received honor ary title D. D. from Burlington, Vt la now proff. of systematic theology, in the Chicago Theolo. Seminary. Eleazer Sherman, grad. Mid. 1849; lawyer in St. Louis, Mo. Allen P. Northrap, grad. 522 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Mid. 1851; teacher at Fhishing, Long-Island. Francis Dake, grad. Mid. 1847. Selah Gridley Perkins, grad. Union Col. 1852. Henry May nard, grad. Mid 1852 — lawyer, resides at Mar- quet. Wis. John Howe, grad. at Mid. 1852 ; lawyer at Castloton — now resides in Florida. Edward P. Hooker, grad. Mid. 1855; minister of the gospel — settled in Medway, Mass., and now at Middlebury, Vt Henry P. Higley, • grad. Mid. 1800 ; and Auburn Theo. S&m — min ister of the gospel at Beloit, Wis. Samuel L. Miner, grad. at Mid. 1860 ; teacher at Cincin nati, 0. Joseph B. Steele, grad. at Jlid. 1860 ; minister of the gospel — resides at Middlebury. C. G .Steel, grad. at Mid. 1860 : resides at Middlebury. Rufus Cushman Flagg, graduated 1869. John Horr, graduate of Harvard, and for many years a distinguished teacher at Brookline, Mass. Charles Langdon, grad. at WiUiams, 1854 ; lawyer and marble dealer, re sides at Castleton. Edwin H. Higley, grad. at Mid. 1868 ; teacher of music — resides in Boston. Alfred E. Higley, grad. at Mid. 1868 ; faj'mor — resides in Castleton. Of these thirty-one graduates, fifteen entered the ministry, eight the profession of law, two havo devoted themselves to teaching, and five have been engaged in different kinds of active business. Beside these five entered the minis try without a collegiate education, viz. : Rev. Stephen Rodgers ; settled in Bradford, and also in Westmoreland, N. H. Shermon Kellogg ; settled in Orwell, and afterward in Montpelier; died at the West William C Denison preached several years in Hubbard ton, then in Dexter, Mich., and in Prescot, Wis ; now lives in Lawton, Mich. Francis C, Denison, was licensed to preach, but has devo ted his efforts to other pursuits. Horace B, Chapin. The following persons, residents of Castleton have graduated at Castleton Medical College, Hinman Grisvrold, Mose lloit, Asahel Hough ton, Francis C. Harrison, Lester King.sley, Elisha S. Kollog.i;-, Prank S. Low, Jamos M'Kee, Charles C. Nieola, .Toseiih Perkins, David riilmcr, .\sh- bol S. Pitkin, Stephen Brownson, Josiah H. Brown, Henry S. Buel, George Bliss, William 0. Beiiloii, Luthor L. Deniing, llonieo R. Pond, Selah G. Perkins, Guy B. Sliepard, Jamea San ford, Goorgo P. Spencer, George Tuttle, Jona than D. Woodward, R. C. M. Woodward, Har- fey B. Woodward, Adrian T. Woodward, JoBoph Warner, Hoit C. Stevens, William C. Perkins, J. IL Steele— 32. Dr. Wolcqt waa a practicing phyaician at PHTSICIANS. Castleton previous to 1790: but how long he remained is not known. Dr. Samuel Shaw was a practicing physician aa early aa 1790, and was celebrated both as a physician and surgeon. He waa also a prominent politician, and a member of Congress. Dr. Selah Gridley commenced practice in 1795, and did a large business for many years. He was one of the founders of Castleton Med ical College. Dr. Theodore Woodward began business in 1812. He was a man of much more than ordinary talent, and was distinguished as a phy sician and surgeon. It would be difficult to find his equal for skiU and acuteness in exam ining a patient ; and in determiuing the nature and location of diseases. He was one of the prime movers of the Medical College at Castle ton, of which he was for many years the presi dent, and in which he was a distinguished lecturer. Dr. Joseph Perkins, (grad. Cas. Med. CoL, 1830), began busineaa the same year, and is still in extensive and successful practice. Ee ranks among the leading physicians of his day, and is deservedly celebrated as a practitioner. Through his influence and active exertions the iledical College was revived, after two or three years suspension, consequent upon Dr. Wood ward's failure of health, and regained its form er measure of prosperity. For several years Dr. Perkins was its president, and a prominent lecturer. In consequence of diflferences among the faculty. Dr. Peikina resigned his position, and joined his interests with the Medical CoUege at Burlington. Dr. J. D. Woodward, (grad. Cas. Med. CoL, 1S24). prnctieod from 1S24 to 1869, the year of his death. Dr. A. G. W. Smith, (grad. Cas. Mod. Col, 1824), phy.iicjan and dentist, commenced busi ness in Castleton in 1820, and StiU continues; devoting a largo portiou of his time at present to farming. Ilr. Josiah Northrop, (grad. at Cas. Med. CoL, 1841,) physician and druggist, established ia 1 ^ tl , and atUl continues. He and his son Hen ry Northrup have an extensive drug-store, and are doing a proaperoua busineas. Dr. Heury F. Smith graduated at Albany in 1855; practiced a short time in Castleton : di ed in 1870. Dr. H. C. Atwood, (grad. Cas. Med. CoL 1856), CASTLETON. 523 settled first in Salisbury — is now practising in Castleton. Dr. Jas. Sanford, a native of Castleton, grad uated at Cas. Med. College, in 1840, and set tled in Fairhaven, now resides- in Castleton. De, S. Geidlet Poerkins, a native of Caa tleton, aon of Dr. Joseph — born Nov. 11, 1826, graduated at Uuion College in 1846, and at Cas. Med. CoL in 1851. He possessed a briUiant, active mind, and engaged in the practice of medicine with zeal aud success. Early in the late war he enlisted, and was captain of a com pany of cavalry. He was kiUed at Ashley's Gap, after the battle of Antietam, when leading a charge against the enemy, Sept. 22, 1862. His remains were brought to Castleton and in terred in the publio cemetery. LAWTERS. Hon. Chaunot Langdon bore a prominent part among the professional men who located at Castleton. He was born in Farmington, Ct. in 1764 — graduated at Yale college in 1792 — studied law with Judge Gilbert of Hebron, Ct. ; came to Vermont immediately and settled in Castleton, where he resided until his death. He at once identified himself with the inter ests of this town, county and State, and was oftentimes honored by his fellow-citizens with important and varied offices. In politics he was ever a staunch whig, and bore >¦¦ promin ent part in the excited political strifes of the early days. In 1789 and 1800 he was judge of probate for the district of Fairhaven. He was elected one of the trustees of Middlebury Col lege in 1811, and remained a member of that hoard until his death. He was a member of Congress in 1815 and '16. At the time of his death he was one of the councillors of the State, and had been for a number of years, a distin guished member of that body. In his own town he was active and liberal iu promoting the interest of the town. He was a member of the Congregational church from an early day, and was ready at all times to bear his part not only in sustaining the institutions of reli gion, but also in social and public meetings. He was a life-member, by his own contributions, of all the important benevolent societies of the State ; and was especiaUy interested in the Vt. Bible Society, of which he was for years the honored president. In the obituary notice of him he is thus spoken of: " By indefatigable industry, directed by em inent professional attainments, he acquired and sustained through life an elevated standing at the bar. By iiiflexible integrity in every sta tion to which he has been caUed by the voice of his fellow-citizens, he acquired a reputation truly enviable, and which will be long cherish ed with honest pride by his numerous friends. To the members of the professiou to which he belonged, he has left an example of unyielding integrity, persevering diligence and prudent discretion, worthy of their highest respect and imitation." He died at Caatleton in July, 1830, aged 66. HON. rollin 0. MALLORY Was born atCheahire, Ct, May 27, 1784, where he resided untU '95, when he came with hia parents to Poultney. iu this State. He gradu ated at Middlebury College in 1801, previous to which time he had commenced his professional studies, in which he made such proficiency, that he was admitted to the bar in this County in March, 1807. In the succeeding October he was appointed by Gov. Smith secretary of the Governor and CouncU ; and he afterwards re ceived the same appointment from Gov. Galu sha for the years 1809, '10, 11 and '12 ; and alao for 1815, '16, '17, '18 and '19. He was soon ranked among the leading lawyers of the county, and held the office of State's attorney during the years 1811, '12 and '13, and subse quently in 1816. In 1819 Mr. Mallory was brought forward by his friends as a candidate for Congress, and he received a hearty support ; but owing to the votes of several of the towns not being returned early enough to he counted, Mr. 0. C. Merrillof Bennington, the member of tbe preceding congress, appeared to have the greater number of votes, and was declared elect ed. It was soon ascertained that the votes which were not returned, would have varied the result ; and, at the commencement of the ensuing session of Congress, Mr. Mallory brought these facta to the notice of the House of Representatives, and claimed the seat to which Mr. Merrill had been returned. In this effijrt he waa successful, and he was permitted to take his seat on the 13th of Jan., 1820. The ability and fidelity with which he exe cuted his trust, appears from the six successive re-elections which he received, and under which he continued to serve his constituents until hia death. He was a strong friend and advocate of the protective system. At the commence ment of the 20th Congress he was placed at the head ofthe committee on manufactures, and as its chairman reported the tariff of 1828, and by his exertions on the floor of the House contributed much to secure its passage. Mr. Mallory settled in Castleton, and lived there until about the time of his going to Congress. He 524 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. married a daughter of Esq. Stanly of Poultney, which accounts, probably, for his removal to that town. He died at Baltimore, Md., while on his re turn from Washington, April 15, 1831. His remains were brought to, Poultney, whore they were interred, and a marblo monument was subsequently erected over them by the mem bers ofthe bar of which he was ao diatinguished an ornament [See biography of Mr. Mallory in the history of Poultney, this volume. — Ed.] ROBERT TEMPLE Was a native of Braintee, Mass., born in 1783 ; studied law with Hon. C. Langdon — admitted 1804: married and settled in Castleton. After ward removed to Rutland where he died in 1834, aged 51. He was clerk of the county court from 1803 to 1820. LEONARD E. LATHROP Was born in Hebron, Ct., in 1772 ; grad. at Yale College in 1787 — studied law in Tolland, Ct, settled in Caatleton in 1806 — ^removed to New-York 1834 ; died, 1840. Hon. Zimri Howe waa born in Poultney in 1786, grad. at Middlebury College in 1810 — studied law with Judge Seymour of Middle bury, admitted in 1813, and settled in Castle ton aud followed the practice of the law till hia death, in 1863. Judge Howe waa an ac tive and uaeful member of society. Possessed of a large measure of public spirit, he devised measures for the good of the town, and follow- owed up his plans with great perseverance. He stood firmly on the side of good order, mor- rality and religion. His influence was felt in the church of which he was a member, and in the religious society. He was elected a trustee of the Rutland Co. Gram. School in 1819, and from that time waa one of its most active members, and eminently devoted to the inter ests of tho Academy. He nlao took great interest in the common schools, which he visit ed often, not offici,illy, but as a friond to ed ucation. In 1840, he became a member of tho corporation of Middlebury Colle.Lre, whicii place ho faithfully occupied until his death. Tho Temperance cause owned him as a pion eer, and a porsiatent advocate at all times, and by aU the means in his power. The various benevolent societies found in him a ftiend and supporter, ns well as a valuable presiding of ficer. He was State Senator in 1836 and '37, and one of tho assistant judges of the county court from 1839 to '44. He died at Castleton, in 1862, aged 77 years. I [Judge Howe was a subscriber to this work till the time of his death, and had early en gaged to prepare the history of Castleton for the same, but died before he had commenced his intended historical commemoration of hia adopted town. — Ed.] Noah Hoit, Esq., was bom at Castloton ia 1794 ; studied law with Hon. C. Langdon, admit ted m 1816 — retired from practice in 1817, and made farming his business through life. He died at Castleton in 1868. Selah H. ilEREiLL, Esq., was born in Cas tleton in 1795; grad. at Mid. College in 1813; studied law with Hon. C. Langdon ; admitted 1816 — died 1836, aged 41. Mr. MerriU possess ed more than ordinary talent, and stood high in his profession. He was register of probate from 1830 to 39— State's attorney from 1830 to '35, and a member of the corporation of Rut Co. Gram. School from 1826 until his death. HON. ALMON w-AENEE Was bora at Poultney in 1792, grad. at thc Vt University in 1814; studied law with C. P. Van Ness; admitted to Rut Co. bar in 1825; located in Poultney — removed to Castleton in 1831, register of probate from '24 to '29 and judge of probate from '31 until hia death, in '61. LoEExzo M. Mason, Esq., was born at Cas tleton in 1809 ; studied law with S. H. Merrill — admitted in '31 — removed to Michigan in 1835; now lives in Detroit From Obituary Notices. HON. BENJAMIN FEANKLIN LANGDON, Eldest son of Chauncy and Lucy Langdon, was born iu Castleton, Oct 12, IT'.'S; graduated at Uuion College iu 1818, and at the Law School in Litchfield, Conn., in 1^20. Ho was admitted to the bar of Rutland County in 1821, and practised the profession of law until his death. In 1837 be was appointed register of probate for the district of Fairhaven, which he held until l.'^Jj. In 1843, he was elected to represent his native town in the Constitutional Conven tion called to meet th.at year. In 1852, he waa eleeted one of tho judges of the county court, which offico he retained until 1855. He was a director of the bank of Rutland from January, 1849, until his death. As a lawyer he was well read and a safe counsellor, aud in the full sense of the term, a gentleman. For the insti tutions of learning in Castleton he manifested great interest and was a liberal supporter of the Seminary and Medical CoUege of which he waa a trustee. Mr. Langdon died May, 31, 1862, aged 64 years. He had a family of 10 chUdren, 7 of whom survived childhood. CASTLETON. 525 HON. ISAAC T. WEIGHT Was bom iu Pownal, 1809 ; studied law with B. P. Langdon — admitted in 1832 ; practised his profession at Castleton until hia death in 1862. He was one of the assistant judges of the county court, and represented the town in the State Logialature in 1859 and '60. Julian G. Buel was born in Poultney, in 1804— grad. at Middlebury College in 1823 ; studied law with Hon. C. Langdon — admitted in 1833 ; removed to Georgia in 1834, and died there the same year, aged 30. HON. 0. M. WILLAED Was bom in Pawlet in 1820; studied law with G. W. Hermon — admitted in 1842, and settled in Fairhaven, from which place he re moved to Castleton in 1854, where he still resides, and has held the office of probate judge from 1861 to the present year, 1871 : cashier of Castleton bank from 1854 to '57. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. FHrst ministers. The names of a few only of those who preached in Castleton in the early days have been preserved. The Rev. Mr. Camp was hired to preach for a time in 1775, perhaps the first preacher employed. Other miniaters labored herein the fallowing years, but their names are lost. The first town-meeting at which action was taken to aecure preach ing — so far aa appears from the records — was held Jan. 1, 1781 ; at which Benjamin Hitch- cook, Jonathan GUmore, Brewster Higley, Jease Belknap and Perez Sturtevant were ap pointed a committee to employ the Rev. Mr. Everett to preach and labor among them as a gospel minister. At an adjourned meeting, Feb. 13, of the same year, voted " To pay Mr. Everett seventeen shUlings per Sabbath, exclusive of horae keep ing and board." Nov. 13 of the same year, voted " to raise the money to pay Mr. Everett according to their several lists." Alao voted " to continue the old committee, and to employ Mr. Everett again, if he returns." It is not known whether he returned. At a legal meeting, Sep. 12. 1783. the town "voted that this meeting will do something with regard to procuring preaching for the town. Voted and chose a committee of three for the purpoae, viz. Cap. Joseph Woodward, WiUiam Woolcott aud Col. Isaac Clark. " Also, chose a committee of three, to dis pose of money for the purpoae of teaching a aing- ing school, viz., WUUam Woolcott, Alpheus HaU and Brewater Higley. Voted a tax of one penny on the pound, on the list 1783 for the purpose of supporting a singing- school. At a regular meeting Oct 15, 1783. "The town voted to raise a rate of five pence per pound on the grand list of 1783 to hire preaching for the future." And yet no church had been formed, and no mention had beeu mado in the records of any religious denomination. The interest manifest ed was the fruit of early education, and their own convictions of the importance of religious institutions. As most of the inhabitants were from Connecticut, it is probable they had a preference for the Congregational doctrines and modes of worship ; yet the question of denomi nation seems not to have been agitated. Early in 1784, measures were taken to pre pare a place for public worship. Too weak as yet to buUd a house for this purpose, they fit ted up the building which had been used for a store-house for the garrison during the war. Here they met for worship about 6 years : the town being the only religious society ; perform ing aU the fuuotiona of such a society; appoint ing committees, raising taxes and hiring min iaters. The year 1784, is memorable by reason of an interesting revival of religion, extending to all parts ofthe township; which greatly cheered this young church in the wilderness, and add ed many to their number. Rev. Jacob Wood was laboring here at the time, and was the ac tive instrument in laying the foundations ofthe church. The Congregational church was or ganized by Rev. Job Swift of Bennington in the autumn of this year, consisting of 9 male and 9 female members. The names of thia little band, organized in the wilderness, in the day of small things, are worthy of record. The handful of corn haa produced an abund ant harvest. Hundreds of redeemed souls wiU rise up and call them blessed. LIST OF THE ORIGINAL OEUEOH. Nehemiah Hoit, George Foot, Gershom Lake, Abij ah Warren, Joseph Woodward, Benjamin Carver, Ephraim Buel, Perez Stur- devant, Jesse Belknap, Sarah Hoit, Wealthy Foot, Rebecca Moulton, Mary Woodward, Eachel Moulton, Elizabeth Carver, Amy Hickok, Mercy Sturdevant, Joanna Pond, There seems to havo heen groat harmony in religious matters until 1786, when a vote to build a meeting-house was passed by the town. That which should have constituted a bond of union, by reason of conflicting views and interests, became an apple of dis cord. The location of the house was tho chief 526 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. bone of contention. Doubtless there wero other issues. The first vote of the town, on this subject, passed Apr. 11, 1786, was " to build a meet ing-house to bo located within 14 rods of the old one,"* and a committee was appointed to "stick the stake." If that committee did " stick the stake,'' it did not stay. Another meeting was held, and another committee appointed — and so committee after committee until Dec. 1787, when the question was final ly settled, and tho " stake stuck," within the limits of the present viUage ; about one-fourth of a mile from the " old-house." A large majority of the inhabitants ap proved, or at least acquiesced iu tho location. About this time, we find numerous certificates of connection with other religious denomina tions upon the records, indicating dissatis faction, and a purpose no longer to join harmoniously in one place of worship. And yet for more than thirty years after there was but one meeting-house in the township, and but ono organized religious society. The house for which the " stake " was now " stuck," waa the first house erected for the worship of God, and stood in front of the old burying-ground near the ea.it end of the vii lage. The frame was erected, and the build ing enclosed in 1790, but it was unfinished within, and but partially glazed. MEETING OF THE LEGISLATURE. The same year the Legislature of the State held its session in it. What a contrast both in comfort and eloganco to the present noble Capitol I It was not only uninviting, but insecure. The frame indeed was strong, the timber oak for the most part, and well put together; and enough of it for two or three houses of modern construction ; but through some neglect to underprop the lower timbers in tho center of the houso ; during tho exer cises of tho election sermon, when the house was densely filled, the center of the house gavo way, so that the floor settled two or threo feet. Tho alarm waa great. Some of the crowd leaped through the windows, aome shrieked, some fainted, some pressed for the doors. The true state of the case, however, was soon disooverod, and order restored. Fortunately no ono was seriously injured. Tho building remained in an unfinished and dilapidated state for 6 years. In 1796, it was *Tho "old one," was that constructed out of the store-house. finished within, and was the place of worship for the Congregational society for 37 years following. The expense of the building was defrayed in part by tho town ; but tho great er part by the sale of pews. Its architecture was exceedingly plain ; its length about 50 feet, and ita breadth about 40: standing the side to the street, with doors at either end. The pews were square with high backs ; tbe pulpit at the east end, 13 feet high, and gal leries on either side and across tho end op posite the pulpit. A pew in the gallery, , elevated above the top of all others, was the tithing-man's seat ; where, in exalted dignity, he watched the deportment of the boys and girls, whose allotment it was to occupy seats above ; whore it was not easy to resist the temptation to amuse each other during service. A steeple was attached to the west end of the house several years later, and a bell hung in its tower, Hon. Chauncy Langdon, pro posing to meet half the expense, if the other half should be secured. It is a noticeable fact that, although there are five houses for religious worship in the village, there has never been but one " church-going hell." About 2 years since Charles Langdon, Esq., a grandson of Hon. Chauncy, was the effi cient means of procuring a new one. As early as 1830, the question of a new house of worship began to be seriously agi tated. The old one was inconvenient and un comfortable ; and in its generol aspect not at all in keeping with other buildings in the village. But there were serious difficulties to be overcome. Many pews in the old house were owned by those who felt no interest in the matter, and who refused to relinquish their right at any price. The town also mado a claim upou it, as having been built in part by the town. As the only practica ble thing, it was decided to let the old house stand, use it till the new one was completed; and then dispose of it as best they could. A new site was chosen a little to the west of the old ono, and the foundations of the present edifice laid in 1832. The house was complet ed and dedicated in July, 1833 ; at a cost of about % 6000. Eev. Mark Tucker, D. D., of Troy, N. Y., preached the dedication sermon. The samo year a house and lot for a par sonage was purchased. FIEST SETTLED MINISTER. We now return to the general history of CASTLETON. 527 the society, the date of which we have antici pated. The first pastor of the church, Eev. Matthias Cazier, was installed Sept 4, 1789, and dismissed Dec. 13, 1792. His doctrinal views were found to be quite unsatisfactory to the chuich, and his short pastorate con tributed nothing to its prosperity. He re ceived and appropriated the lot of 100 acres of land set apart by the charter to the first settled minister. For 13 years subsequent to his dismission thero was no settled pastor ; yet public worship on the Sabbath was con stantly maintained, and most of the time there was preaching by missionaries or other supplies Eev. William Millee labored here in 1802, with great acceptance and usefulness. There was a general revival of religion at this time, and a season of much interest, long remembered by the church, and often referred to in later years. About 31 were added to the church, the fruit of this revival. The whole number added previous to 1804, was 115. Eev. Elihu Smith, the second pastor, was installed Jan. 17, 1804, and remained till Dec. 30, 1826 — nearly 23 years. Under hia ministry the church prospered. From tho time of his settlement there was a steady in crease of members, but no very extensive revivals for a number of years. In 1816, the church enjoyed a most remarkable and abund ant refreshing, and the addition of 187 mem bers. Thero was a less extensive revival in 1820. There were 295 additions to the church during Mr. Smith's ministry. The following pleasant incident connected with the ordination of Mr. Smith is related by Mrs. B. F. Langdon, Esq.: "A bible was presented to the pastor elect for the pulpit by the young mon of Castleton. Lucy Green Langdon ( Mrs. Williams), Sally Hoit ( Mrs. Cazier) and Jane Cogswell, who wero about 10 years of age, were selected to present the gift in behalf of the young men. It must be borne iu mind that the scene occurred in tho depth of winter, before the luxury of stoves or furnaces had crept into our places of worship. The children wero arrayed in white, with necks and arms quite exposed, hair powdered, etc. Tho motners in Israel used appliances of foot-stoves and furs in the vestibule of the church to keed the children comfortable, until the appointed time in the services when they were to make their advent to the great surprise of the crowded audience. Then, with the ponderous volume (a large English bible) nicely bal anced on their tiny hands, they proceeded up the center aisle to the pulpit, when the Eev. Mr. Smith descended and received the bible, which was presented with the following words, which memory, faithful to its trust, can at this late day repeat: ' In behalf of the young gentlemen of Castleton, we present to you. Reverend Sir, this sacred volume of di vine truth.' Aa a reward of the skilful man ner with which they acquitted themselves, the children were invited to the Ordination Ball 1 The bible is still used in the chapel of tho Congregational church, and it is to bo de plored that some ruthless hand has abstracted the engravings and record of names ot donors, evincing that veneration had died out of him (if it over had any existence), and loft this mutilated bible to mark its burial place.'' THIRD PASTOE. After the dismission of Mr. Smith, the church was without a pastor for two years, and the pulpit was temporarily supplied by different clergymen. In Nov. 1828, Eev. Joseph Steele, then preaching at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., was invited to become thoir pastor. He accepted tho invitation and waa installed Dec. 25, 1828, — sermon by Dr. Bates, Pros, of Middlebury College. During his pastorate of 26 years the church was blessed with almost uninterrupted harmony and prosperity. There were frequent revivals of religion. The first, in 1829, '30, was one of great interest, particularly in healing dis sensions, and iu uniting the church in active Christian labors. About 70 wero added to the church as fruits of this revival, and about 80 united in 1835, '36. Other seasons of great interest were frequently granted to this branch of Zion during his ministry; of which we may mention one in 1838, when 40 were added, and one in 1843 and 62 added. The number received into the church while no continued its pastor was 468. The church numbered 280 members at the time he was dismissed, August, 1854. Mr. Steele was a native of Kingsboro', Montgomery Co. (now Fulton Co.), N. Y. ; was a member of the church of which Dr. Eliaha Yale was pastor ; graduated at Union College iu 1824, and at. Auburn Theological Seminary in 1827. The first year of his ministry was spent at Saratoga Springs. He was 26 years at Castleton, 2 years principal of Burr Seminary, and for the last 14 years has resided at Middlebury. the FOURTH PASTOR was Eev. Willard Child, D. D., installed Feb. 14, 1855. During his ministry the church shared in the extensive revivals of 1858, and 528 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. 49 were added to its number. Dr. Child continued the pastor of this church until Feb., 1864. He was a native of Woodstock, Ct.; gradu ated at Yale College, and at Andover Theo logical Seminary. On his coming into this State his first labors were in Benson. From Benson he was invited to become pastor of tho church in Pittsford, and was there or dained and installed in Dec, 1826. From Pittsford he went to Norwich, Ct., in 1842; then to Lowell, Mass., in 1815; and from Lowell to Castloton in 1855, and remained till 1861. He ia still living and laboring efficiently in Crown Point, N. Y. The present pastor, Eev. Lewis Francis, was installed Sept 28, 1864. Mr. Francis was a graduate of the University of Vt, and Andover Theological Seminary. The church numbers at this time 178. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH was formed about 1824. Their house of wor ship was built in 1824, but was not finished within for several years. They were supplied by circuit preaching until 1832, when Eev. C. P. Clark was stationed here, and remained 2 years: since which time they have been regularly supplied by stationed preachers, or pastors. The church has prospered and large numbers havo boon added to its mem bership. The present number is 140. Tho meeting-house, when first built, stood about one-fourth of a milo west of the village, and was removed to its present location, near the center of the village, in 1839 or 1840. It was neatly and thoroughly repaired and a convenient class-room or vestry appended in 1861. The society became a responsible charge in 1832. Tho following woro the names of the pastors: Eev. C. P. Clark, 1832-1835; J. Philips, '35-'36 ; J. S. Craig, '36-'38; H. Meeker, '38- '40; L. Prindlo, '41-'41; J. II. Brown, '41- '43; A. C. Eice, '43-'44; G. W. Cotrall, '41-'15; W. P. Gray, '45-47 ; B. 0. Meeker, '47-'49. E. B. Hubbard, '49-'51 ; T. W. Pierson, '51- '52; S. Halburt, '52-53; J. H. Patterson, '53-55 ; G. G. Saxe, '55-'58 ; S. L. Stillmon, '58-'60; L. Marshall, '60-'62; B. Hawley, '62-'64 ; R. T. Wado, ¦64-'67 ; A. McQillon, •67-'68 ; P. M. Hitchcock, '68-'69 ; J. Philips, •69-'71. THE SOCIETT OF LIBEEAL OHEISTIANS was organized in 1867, and a neat church edifice was erected in 1868, on the corner west of the Bomoseen House. Present minister, Eev. Wm. L. Eoss. Castleton has heen somewhat distinguished for its moral and religious as well as its liter ary character. The early settlers, as a class were virtuous and intelligent. Coming from " the land of steady habits,'' they were instructed in the truths of the Bible ; and were also well versed in the theology of those times. They understood the importance of education and religion to the foundations of society. The prosperity of the township wag materially affected, no doubt, by the estab lishment of the Eutland Co. Grammar School at Castleton. In many respects Castleton and Eutland were rival towns. Situated about equally distant from the center of the county, each towa very naturally aspired to be the head. Whether it was by accident or com promise, so it came to pass that the County seat was fixed at Eutland and the County school and Medical College at Castleton. By this arrangement the two villages enjoyed similiar material prosperity. But the schools tended to produce a better state of society than courts and jails. The two villages held on their even way until railroads began to be constructed. From this time a groat change took place. During the process of construction Castleton may have derived some advantage in busi. ness, but, once completed, they added nothing permanently to the amount of business, ex cept so far as they aided to develop the slate and pencil quarries and the manufacture of marble. There was uo longer any show for competing with Eutland, which soon became tho great railroad center for the State ; and outstripped most of the towns in the State in business and population. The failure of the Medical College was a loss to Castleton. This institutition had con tributed largely to the intelligence, as well as tho material interests of the place; and had graduated over 1400 students. But rich sources of prosperity still remain. The Semi nary still lives, enjoying large prosperity. Tho slate quarries in the western part of the town aro au inexhaustible source of wealth. Also the marble and pencil works. Add to these the attractions of the village and its surroundings, as a summer resort, — particu larly Lake Bomoseen, unsurpassed in lovli- CASTLETON. 529 ness; and we see why Castleton may hope to retain its attractive interest and its mate rial pro -perity for the years to come. EEVOLUTIONAET SOLDIERS. List of Aildiers in the revolutionary war, belonging to Castleton. Capt John Hall, killed in the battle at Castleton, July 6, 1777. Nehemiah Hoit was with Col. Ethan Allen at the battle of Ticonderoga, and taken prisoner w.ith him at Montreal. Col Noah Lee, one of the expedition that captured Maj. i-keeu, and au officer in the Continental army. Lieut Elias Hall, taken prisoner at C is- tleton; after his escape, enlisted iu the Con tinental army ; waa in the battle of Still water and present at the surrender of Gen. Burgoyne. Col. Isaac Clark was an officer in tho revolutionary war, and Colonel in command in the war of 1812. Eufus Burnet, in the battle of Bennington Jonathan Deming. Cyrus Gates. Doubtless there were others, whose names are not known. SOLDIERS IN THE WAE OF 1812. Major Milo Mason, of the regular army. Col Isaac Clark, commander of the llth Eegiment, Capt David Sanford, of the llth Eegiment. Lieut Perez Sanford, of the llth Eegiment. Hyde Westover, Higby, Jacob Wheeler, Eliel Bond, Elam More, Darius Burnet," Sam'l Shepard, serg't, Johu Meacham, Theodore King, Elijah Burnet, Jonathan Eaton, Curtis Hulburt, Oliver Eaton, Oliver Moulton. Augustus Finney, This list is also very imperfect, doubtless ; but it is the best we can make at this date. VOLUNTEEES FOE THREE TEARS, enlisted previous to call for 300,000 Volun teers of Oct. 17, 1862. Names. Reg. O) Alford, Wm. H., 11 0 Babbitt, Oscar L,, 5 I Barber, Samuel I., 11 C Barber, Wm. H., 11 C Benedict, Jasper A., 2 B Blackmer, EoUin N., 2d Bat Bliss, Charles F., 11 C Bliss, Natfhan G. P., 11 C B ilton, Jeremiah, 2 B Bolton, Jeremiah, 11 C Bordcsau, Frank, 1st Bat Brainard, Samuel, Burt, Charles F., Burt, Dunham Q., Byrne, Patrick, Canfield, A. B., Castle, Harry S,, Castle, Wm. H., Chelson, Eugene, Cook, Henry W., Dalabeo, John, Donnelly, James W., Donnelly, John, Donnelly, Peter, Dunham, James H., Dunham, Thomas, Dunham, Wm., Everton, Geo. J., Everton, James J., Freolove, John A., Flinn, William, French, Geo. C, Gardner, Henry, Gibbs, Elias B., Gibbs, Moses G., Godfrey, Joseph, Goodrich, William, Gould, Gilo, Griswold, Geo. K., Hall, Benj. P., Harrington, Wm. C, Hawkins, Charles A., Hawkins, Gideon, Hayes, Michael, Higley, Edwin H., Hines, Michael, Hosford, Geo. B,, Hope, James, How.ird, Abial S., How'o, John, Howley, Thomas, Huntoon, Daniel S., Hyde, James T., Ingleston, Fred A., Ingleston, Harrison, Johnson, Endearing D., Johnson, Enoch E., Johnson, James M., Jones, Lewis P., Jubar, Henry, Kellogg, Charles H., Kellogg, Lyman S,, Killsen, John, King, 'Theodore, Liscomb, Orlando P., McKean, John, McKean, John H,, McQuain, Peter T., Moody, Henry W., Moody, Horace W,, Morril, Charles, Murphy, Patrick, O'Brien, Cornelius, O'Brien, William, Parkhurst Albert I., Parkhurst, Leonard E., Parkhurst, William, Peck, Noah A,, Perkins, Selah G., I Poland, Patrick, 2 B 1st Bat 1st Bat 11 ' C 2d Bat. 11 M 11 G Cav. K Cav. H 11 C 7 D 11 C 11 C 11 M 2 B B Cav. ft Cav. H 2 B Cav. H 11 C Cav. F 2d Bat 2d Bat 1st Bat 11 C 11 C 2 B 7 I 11 0 5 I 2 B 7 I Cav. K 2 B 7 A 2 B 2 B 2 B Cav. H 7 I 11 C 2 B 5 G 2 B 2 D 7 I 7 I 7 I 2 C IS.S. F 11 C 2 B 11 M 2 B 2 B 2 B 11 M 11 M 2 B 11 M 11 C Cav. H 2 B 2 B 2 B 2 C Cav.. H 2 B 530 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Poiney, Edwin, Potter, Asa A,, Potter, Ethan A., Potter, Geo. W., Eomington, James IL, Robinson, Justin E., Ross, Edgar, Ross, Goo. W., Ross, Horace < J., Pvuasell, Jaines, Russell, Leonard, Russell, Marcus K., Russell, Thnm IS, Ryan, Patrick, Shaw, John M,, Sheldon, John A., Sheridan, John, Sheridan, Timothy, Sherman, Daniel, Shepherd, Zeb, Simons, Sylvester, Smith, Albert H., Smith, Edward C, Smith, Henry C, Smith, James C, Smith, John C, Solendine, Leonard F., Sprague, Durham, Stocker, Samuel E., Streoter, Lemuel, Streeter, John, Trainer, Lawrence, Underwood, Thomas G., Ward, Eollin C, Ward, William A., Ward, William, Wheeler, Jacob, Wheeler, John D., Wheeler, Nicholas, Whitlock, Miles W., V/hitlock, Samuel F., Williams, John S., Williams, Thomas, Williams, William, Williams, William, jr., Woodbury, William, Young, Thomas, Cav. O22 2 Cav. 2 22 2 1111 10 7 7' 5 11 Cav. 11 2 2d Bat. Cav. H 7 A B C B BB B BG I BB B C K H 2 11 92 2 22 57 22 4 Cav.Cav. 11 Cav. 9 C K BC I CREDITS UNDEE CALL OF OCT. 17, 1863, for 300,000 Volunteers, and subsjquent calls. VOLUNTEERS FOR 3 YEARS. Bailey, Henry L., 1st Bat Burton, Reubin, 54 Mass IJlark, Joseph, 17 I Cull, Frank J., 11 C Donnollv, Patrick, 11 C Fish, Lyman C, Cav. H Gates, Salmon K. 17 I (rodi'rey, AnJrow, 17 I Hayes, John, 11 C Hunter, Israel, 54 M.ass Ingleston, Frank G., 11 c Jackson, Daniel, 54 Mass . Jackson, Win,, 54 Mass . Kellogg, James P,, 2S.S. H King, William 11,, 17 I Knapp, Francis 0., 11 E L,awrenco, Henry A., 11 0 Leo, David, jr.. 11 C Park, Leonard C, Parsons, Edwin M., Peck, Henry, Pens, Frank, Poland, Patrick, Potter, Lewis D., Eoberts, John, Eoss, Hiram A., Scott, William, Simons, Sylvester, Stewart, Henry, Ward, Henry H., Wheeler, Cullen, 11 111111 17 1711 11 11 11 54 Mass, 9 Cav. E A 00 I I CC C K 'd H VOLUNTEEBS FOE ONE TEAR. AUard, John W., .'\.ndro3, Joseph, Atwater, Alfred, Atwater, Alonzo, Austin, Geo., E , O'Neil, Hugh, Parsons, Wallace D., Phillips, Alexander, Porter, Charles E., Ryan, John, Willard, Henry C, 6 G 2 B 2d Bat. 2d Bat 8 11 2 7 7 7 2 Q B C A 0 VOLUITBERS EE-ENLISTED. Blackmer, Eollin N., Canfield, Albert E., Lowry, Geo. C, .McQuain Peter, T., Peck, Noah A., Peine, Eobert, Eoss, George \V., Eoss, Horace G., Sheriden, Timotlur, Wheeler, Nicholas, Woodbury, William, 2d Bat. 21 Bat. 7 2 7 2 2 ENEOLLED MEN WHO FDBNISHED SUBSTITUTES. George W. Gibson, Marcus Langdon, C. H. Simpson. NAVAL CEEDITS. Francis Griswold, Edwin T. Woodward. Miscellaneous — not credited by name— 4 men. V0LUBTEEE8 FOB NINE MONTHS IN 14tH P.EG. Bishop, Harvey, Brewster, Oliver E., Brooks, Martin F., Carr, Stephen P., Clark, Joseph, Delobant)', Patrick, Donni.son, Fred H., Fox, Daniel W., Fox, George H., Gates, Salmon K., Gault, Lyman J., Gault, Truman J., Gould, Franklin, Hosford, Henry H., Jennings, Joseph, Johnson, John F., Jones, Aaron, CO. F. Kidder, Jonathan T., King, William H., Knapp, Moses, Pond, Henry A., Potter, Fayette, Shaw, Stephen P., Shepherd, F. H., Shepherd, Harry, Sherman, Emmet W., Smith, Frank W., Ward, Elton E., W.ard, Willard D., Wheeler, Cutten, Wheeler, Gko. C, Whitlock, Charles H., Wilder, Daniel S., Wood, Jaines H. CASTLETON. 531 FUENISHED UNDER DEAFT AND PAID COMMU TATION. Bishop, Henderson, Gleason, Edward, Cobb, Nathaniel L., Keyes, Henry W., Donnelly, James F., Lan^idon, Henry, Hawkins, Hiram S., Northrop, Wm. H., Finnegan, Timothy, Parker, Johial P., Fox, John, Tomlinson, Hale. PROCURED SUBSTITUTE. Nelson, Lucius C. ENTERED SERVICE. Briggs, Chancey, 54th Mass. VOLUNTEERS FOE ONE TEAE. Donnelly, James W., 1st A. C. Fox, James, 7 C Kiug, Theodore. 1st A. C. Mahar, Hugh, ' 7 C McKean, John H., 1st A. C. Monroe, Wm. L., 1st A. C. Pepper, Eobert L., 1st F. C. Pattee, Willie A., 2 B Eussell, Wallace, 2 B Steward, Archie, 5 Wheeler, John D., 1st A. C. Whitlock, Miles W., 1st A. C. Those marked A. C, are men enlisted into Hancock's Army Corps. Those marked F. C. are in Frontier Cavalry. Whole Numbeb — 250 men furnished by Caatleton. FEOM THE FUNERAL BERM0^• BY REV. E. P. HOOKER.* EEV. JOSEPH STEELE Was bom in Kingsboro, Fulton Co., N. Y., June 8, 1801, in the early days of this quick ening and eventful century. He graduated at ¦Pnion College at the age of 23, and at Auburn Theological Seminary, in the second class of that institution, at the age of 26. After preaching for a year to the Presbyteri an church iu Saratoga, he was installed pas tor of the Congregational church in Castleton. Ever since he has been identified with the primary interests of this State. In 1854, he was dismissed from this pastor ate of a little more than a quarter of a century, and became one of the principals of Burr Sem inary, Manchester. After 2 years in that in stitution he came to reside in this place, (Mid dlebury.) As a teacher, the agent of the Ver mont Bible Society, constant or occasional supply for neighboring churches, and as an effi cient laborer in the Sabbath school of thia church, he has continued almost to the laat, to administer the office of a devoted Christian servant. I go back to chUdhood to-day. I see the Christian pastor as he was seen by the eye of * Printed in pamphlet. chUdhood — revered — deeply revered, and rever ently loved. I see him as a power — as the great est power for good in the community. I think of him most as a power. The thought is not of sensation — ambitious diaplay — impa tient haste in doing the work of God. The chUd may have understood little of the written discourse; yet the sanctuary was a place of power. To sit there was to receive formative influence. Those Sabbatha were potential — nothing so unsatisfactory as entertaining; or as days of literary display, or of eloquence. No, they were potential ; that is the word. The pastor was earnest. Itwas not necessary to proclaim the fact. The whole weight of the man was thrown upon the side of others wel fare. The tone, the bearing, the look — every thing said this matter is important There was committal of the whole man to the work of the Gospel But his eamestnesa manifeated itself in ac tive forma. The aecond quarter of the century uahered in a new era in the cause of temper ance — an era of pledges of total abstinence, and the earnest minister took tho field in his parish. Every school district was visited — meetings were held in the school-houses — soci eties were formed in the several neighborhoods. The influential temperance men of the commu nity were enlisted as speakers, and nearly all the chUdren in the town enrolled their names upon the total abstinence pledge. Impres sions were made about the year ] 840, which saved a large share of those who were then children from the perUs of the cup. Mr. Steele extended his influence in the tem perance cause beyond his own town, and be came one of the iufluential laborers in this re form in the State. The pastor was born in those years when the mother of Mills was beginning to think and pray about the heathen, and a few young men soon devoted themselves to the perilous enter prise of foreign missions. The earnest minister took up the work — awakened the interest of the people — brought the fruits of faithful re- .seareh to the monthly concert — secured the contributions ofthe families — of old and young, until the gifts to this cause from a church of merely ordinary ability, that was paying per haps a salary of $600 to its minister, amount ed, annually, to between 200 and 300 dollars. So it is not strange that his words upon thia subject have been so welcome among us. The earnest pastor was a faithful minister to the chUdren. A children's afternoon at the 532 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. par.sonage — tho few pleasant words — ^the bask et of Tfc.-itamenta and primers — the name in the hand-writing of the giver, and the gifts sacred ly kept as mementos, drew us wonderfully witiiiu the pastor's influence. The present thriving state of our own Sunday school,* brought up from meagre numbers to a very largo attendance, by the quiet and faith ful labors of years on the part of tho venerable Superintendent, in connection with the earneat co-operation of toachera and friends, was not his flrst success in such miniatries. The pastor waa earnest in promoting a deep reUgioua interest. The year succeeding hia in stallation a very general revival commenced : as its fruita about 70 were added to the church. In 1835 and 6 there was another revival, when 80 publicly professed allegiance to Christ. In 1838 a revival added 40 to the church. As the fruits of a revival in 1843, 62 were added; and 19 in 1854. Not only in years of interest, but in seasons of dearth, too, the earnest laborer toiled on — writing sermons — preaching faithfully through many months, and sometimes years, without much encouragement — speaking in the school- houses, sometimes to meagre gatherings — going to the prayer-meeting to flnd but few — visiting from house to house among the people, with out any special interest, but gathering here and there a sheaf. It ia mentioned aa a remarkable reault of Dr. Payaon's pastorate of a city church, that, on an average, 25 were added annually to the mem bership. In a country parish the average an nual accession, moatly by profession, during a ministry of 26 years, was about 19. Tho aver age acceaaion, annually, by profeaaion of faith from those converted, in the five more marked seasons of religious interest alone, is about 10 -J-. Mr. Steele was a wise pastor. Simply, hi.s po sition waa influential It waa alw.ays felt that he would bo upon the right side. Ho was never fanciful nor hasty. M'as it an in.stinet of wisdom, sanctifled by grace? An endowment of nature Christianized ? IIo had a Christian common sense, aa a minister, \-\'liieh gave his words and plana great weight. Yet, behind all efi"ort, the Chriatian man wns tho power ofthe people's salvation. Tho good man in tho pulpit, in the prayer- meeting, in the parsonage, in the streets, in the homos— at weddings and at funerals— by sick and dying beds, was the real power. Night * The Middlebury Sunday Scliool, the placo of Mr. Steule's lasWeaidence. — Ed. and day he was living among the people, Christ's minister of life to them. It is no exag geration—a moral halo — an atmosphere of Chris tianity hung about him and about his home. That parsonage, decaying now, but surround ed by the trees he planted, and sanctififed hy his studies and prayers and life, will never be looked upon by Ihe generation that knew it as his home, without a feeling akin to rever ence.* These lines of Cowper are a faithful trans cript of this devout pastor's influence, who now rests from his labors : "As when a ship, well freighted with the stores. The sun matures on India's spicy shores, Hath ca.^t her anchor and her sails hath furled In some safe harbor of our western world, 'Twere vain inquiry from what port she went; The gale informs us, ladeu with the scent. When one that holds commnnion with the skies Has filled his um where these pure waters rise, And once more mingles witb us meaner things, Tis e'en as if an angel shook his wings ; Immortal fragrance fills the circuit wide. That tells ns whence his treasures are supplied." FEOM THE NOTICE OF JUDGE C C. CLAT. Died at the house of Mr. Charles Hopkins, in this city, at 5 1-2 o'clock, P. il., Thursday, AprU 25, 1827, Eev. Joseph Steele, aged near ly 71. He was shghtly indisposed on Wednes day, but walked about the city as usual On Thursday he remained at home complaining of an unpleasant sensation, rather than pain, which passed from one to another place over his chest and back. WliUe sitting in the family circlg, conversing with accustomed cheerfulness, he suddenly expired. Although only a few months in this city and known to the writer, he thinks he learned his character. * * * Indeed, his simplicity and in genuousness soon revealed it to all about him. * * ''^ Faith, hope and charity irradiated his counten.anco, and dwelt upon his tongue. Humility, gentleness and tenderness marked his intercourse with his fellow-men. * * * Such a man would find friends among strangers in any clime or creed, as he found tliem here. **'* .Mobile, Ala., AprU 28, 1872. FROM HON. JAMES SLADE. The remains of Eev. Joseph Steele were sent by expreaa from Mobile, Ala., to Middlebury, Vt., whore the funeral exercises were attended at the Congregational church. May 2, 1872. An address by Rov. Dr. A. Walker of Wal- • Impiirod health and Toice constrained him to dis- contmne his pastoral duties which he was never able to resume.— a C. Clay. CASTLETON. 533 lingford was followed with a sermon by the pas tor, Eev. E. P. Hooker. In the audience were many from other towns, especiaUy from Castleton, the former parish of the deceased. The presence of the Sabbath school of which he had long beeu superintendent, in the burial procession and at the open grave, into wbich they cast the wild flowers of the early spring, was a tribute any laborer in Christ's vineyard might well covet. News was received by telegram, on the 25th inst., of the sudden death of the Rev. Joseph Steele, at Mobile, where he in company with his wife was visiting her brother. Mr. Steele left our village last fall, and the news of his death was the first intimation his family had of his ill ness. Mr. S. has lived iu Middlebury about 15 years. He was one of the best men I ever knew — a good scholar, a sound divine, an ex ceUent preacher a consistent, every-day Chris tian, whose walk and talk partook of heavenly things. He was a model for young men to im itate. He was cheerful and happy in his inter- , course with his fellow-citzens, and alive to all measures that tended to advance the communi ty in morality, education and religion. As a preacher he was always impressive in his manner, and practical in his teaching. His public prayers were always marked with great simplicity and humility. In the pulpit or ou the street, he was free from ostentation and show, posseaaing a countenance that bespoke cheorfulnesa of spirit and purity of heart He labored to do good, both to the bodies and souls of his fellow-men, and was greatly belov ed by all classes of our citizens. He was a warm friend of Middlebury CoUege, being a member of the corporation, and ever active to promote the interests of the institution that lay so near his heart He was a safe counsellor and a trusty guide. There was nothing vision ary in his character. He was careful in the adoption of measures to carry out any desirable object His aim was to secure the results de sired. He deprecated rashness. Men of his own age felt that they could rely upon his sound judgment aud uniform discretion with perfect safety. His motto waa to prove all things, and hold fast to that which was good. But his work ia done. With him the dangers and trials, the labors and hardships of life are past, and he has entered into rest. Blessed rest to the aged Christian, to the faithful, do- voted minister of the Lord Jesus Christ. Ee leaves behind him the rich legacy of a well- spent life — better than gold or silver or houses and lands; for while the latter frequently cor rupt and corrode the soul, the former enno bles and dignifies humanity, making it akin to , God and heaven. Middlebury, AprU 29, 1872. CAPTAIN JOHN HALL. BX MRS. CAROUNE V. SMITH, OF MILTON, VT.* Almost one hundred years have expired since we, as a people, declared our independence of Great Britain. Many were the hard-fought bat tles wbich our forefathers engaged in to accom phsh this great end : but not on them alone who survived the great conflict, did the honor all rest. Many fell in the commencement of the war whose patriotism and valor lie buried in oblivion. Among these was Capt. John Hall of Castleton, a militia officer who was mortally wounded on the 6th July, 1777, and died on August 6th, one month after. A scouting party of British soldiers and In dians, sent out by Col. Baum, were marauding around upon the defenceless inhabitants of those frontier towns. They came on the Sabbath day into Castleton, and as some of the people were assembled that day for religious worship, in a log-school-house, about one and a half mUes oast from the village, where three roads met, the enemy advanced upon them, and attempted to surround them, and take them all prisoners. The women and children succeeded in making their escape, and fled to their homes, or some place of refuge ; whUe the mon, some ton or flfteen in number, being armed, defended them selves with great bravery, in fighting for those homes and their country, till their leader, Capt. HaU, feU mortally wounded, and they were obhged to surrender. Most of them made their escape: but two sons of Capt. Hall were made prisoners and carried to Ticonderoga, from whence they made their escape in a short time. At this time hia house was burned — all hia property deatroyed, furniture broken to pieces, horses and cattle turned into fields of grain, and his wife and three young chUdren barely having time to make their escape from the scalping-knife of the Indian, whose war- whoop resounded through the forest Mrs. HaU remained in Castleton during Mr. Hall's life, and then with her three daughters, the youngest about five years old, rode on horse-back a great part of the way to Preston, Ct, where she remained for the time being. — After the war she came back to Massachusetts, • Grand-daughter of Capt. John KM.— Ed. 534 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. where she resided some time : but in a few years she returned to Castleton, and lived with her son Elias Hall, on tho homestead, which he occupied after his father's death. She survived her husband till the year 1808, and was buried by bis side in the cemetery at Castleton, where a plain stono marks thoir resting-place. That she was a woman of no ordinary intel lect, could be shown from manuscript papers which the writer of this has in possession, writ ten in 1774. She was a woman of great piety. Of her early education wo have littlo means of knowing. The diction of her correspondence was of a superior kind ; but the shortness of this sketch wUl not allow of extracts from her letters. Capt. Hall was bom in Plainfield, Ct, in 1727. His ancestors were of English origin, and emi grated to this country sometime in the 16th cen tury. We do not find that any of the name came over with our Pilgrim fathers ; but the tradition of the family has it, that three brothers came over from England, and settled in Con necticut, from whom have sprung thoae numer ous families of that name, throughout Xew England, and aome of the Weatern Statea. He removed to Vormout about the year 1775 or '76, and purchased a farm of 200 or 300 acres, where he erected a dwelling-house, and carried on an extensive tannery. Little more ia known of his hiatory; but we gather from an old manuscript that was writ ten by one of his sons, that ko " was a zealous whig, and took a decided stand in the defence of his country.'' Of his patriotism none can doubt ; and that he instilled it into the hearts of his chUdren is proven, by his two j-oungest sons' enlisting into the army, and doing good service for their country. His older sons being married, and having settled in Massachusetts, did not enter the Vermont regiments. From the old family record, whieh dates back about 130 years, wo find that ho waa the father of 12 children — somo dying young, but all act ing thoir part in the great droraa of life, and finally fallen upou that " sleep that knows no waking.'' ELIAS HALL Was tho sou of Capt, Hall, and he onliatod into the army as a private soldier, but was soou promoted to a lieutonantcy, which ho hold while iu service. He, with his younger brother, were taken prisoners by tho British, and taken to Ticonderoga ; but soon made their escape. Of the time of his sorvicea we have not tho record before us, but from other sources we have learned it was some 3 or 4 years ; he acting as volunteer some part of the time. His figure was tall and commanding, well becoming a mil- itary officer. Genial in manners, with great conversational powers, which rendered him an agreeable companion in his latter years. He was extremely fond of society, and delighted m recounting over the scenes of his earlier days. Well does tbe writer remember when, on a visit to Castleton, in 1837, with her father (brother of Lieut. HaU) on going to the viUage, they stopped the carriage, and pointed out to her the battle-field where their father was kill ed, and they standing by his side, fighting against the wild infuriated Indian, and the little less savage British soldiers. It rekindled in their bosoms aU the fire and patriotism of their youthful days. To them it was a saered spot, and needed no monumental stones to teU them what their sire had done. These two brothers lived to an advanced age, one being 88 or 89, the other 84, frequently exchanging visits, and re newing those kindly feelings of brotherhood that ever existed between them. They both be came pensioners in later life, and it was a sol ace to them in their declining years. Lieut. Hall lived on his father's old homestead, for more tban 70 years after his decease, wbich oc cured iu 1842 or '43. From respect to his age and services, his remains were interred with military honors, by his friends in Castleton. DE. SELAH GEIDLET. DT BEV. P. B. WHITE. Selah Gridley, a son of Timothy and Ehoda [Woodruff] Gridley, was born in Farmington, Ct., in 1707. His father lived within the lim its of Farmington, but had more connection with West Hartford, where he was deacon ot the Congregational church. He studied medicine and removed to Castloton, in which place and vicinity he not only obtained an extensive practice, but acquired such a repu tation for professional learning as attracted to him numerous students. The imposaibiU- ty of doing justice to them all by tho in structions of ono individual led to the estab lishment of the Medical School at Castleton. He was one of the associates named in the act of incorporation, was the first President of the school, and held the Professorships of Theory and Practice, Materia Medica, and Medical Jurisprudence. In 1817 he received the honorary degree of A. M. from Middle bury College. CASTLETON. 535 He was naturally despondent, and an in cident which occurred during the latter part of his life heightened his despondency al most to insane melancholy. To make room for a new and larger house which he was about to build, it became necessary to remove his former house from its site. In doing this a neighbor to whom he was warmly attached was crushed to death beneath the rollers. This gave him a shock from which he never recovered. He completed the house but did not move into it. A friend whom he invited to visit the house with him, noticed almost with alarm, that the Doctor carefully locked the door of every room as soon as they had entered it. - His partial insanity did not, however, disable him from the skillful prac tice of his profession. At length, to escape from unhappy associations, he removed to Ex eter, N. H., and there he died about 1S26. In 1823, he collected his fugitive poems, revised them, and wrote others, with refer ence to publishing a volume. After his death the volume was published by his brother, Timothy Gridley, with the title " The Mill of the Muses.*' It was a duodecimo of 267 pages, and a few copies are still extant. The sub joined poem, " The Old Prum," is a fair spec imen of its contents. The chief merit of Gridley's Poems is the Christian spirit which they manifest. Their chief defects are dif- fuseness, careless versification, and avein of sadness which runs through them all. His " Gloom of Autumn" was a favorite poem in Vermont forty years ago, and within a few years it has been in circulation on a broad Coventry, Vt., August, 1863. SELECTIOira FEOM SELAH GUIDLET's " MILL 0 TEE MUSES." THE OLD DRUM. The drum, the old drum, in the wars of our land That echoed alarm when invaded by foes, Long beaten and bruised by a mercilesg hand, Now hanga in tbe garret in silent repose. Brave herald of courage, where enemies met, Loud, loud, were its thunders when dangers arose, Hard beaten in battle and marches when wet, The laat sad relief is in silent repose. Long strained for the march or the quick reveille, And sounding its echoes forever from blows ; Elastic no longer, from echoes now free, The garret receives it to silent repose. Ah I much like that drum is my own fading form, Hard used in all weather, in tempest and snows, Long strained, bruiseiJ, uud beateu in life's driviuK storm, It wants a calm mansion of silent repose. Alas ! no dismission from aervice is found, The head's pelted still for uew wants or new woes, While strains show a spring, or while strokes give a sound. This head and this form find no silent repose. While springs are diminished, sensations remain, Like pride in heart forever little comfort bestows ; Remembered activity heightens the pain, And swells the desire for more silent repose. Faith trusts when alarms and life's warfares shall cease. When death his long laat role on nature shall close, The spirit may dwell in the mansions of peace, This form in earth's bosom have silent repose. THE GLOOM OF AUTUMN— An Extract. Hail ye sighing sona of sorrow, View with me the Autumual gloom: Learn from thence your fate to-morrow. Dead perhaps — laid in the tomb. See all nature fading — dying; Silent all things seem to mourn; Life from vegetation flying, Brings to mind the mouldering urn. See onr sovereign, sole Creator, Lives eternal in the sky, While we mortals yield to nature, Bloom awhile — then fade and die. As the annual frosts are cropping Leaves and tendrils from the trees; So my friends are yearly dropping. Through old age or dire disease. When a few more yeais are wasted, When a few more springs are o'er. When a few more griefs I've tasted, I shall fall to bloom no more. FUNERAL DIRGE, When shall the mourners find relief, When overwhelmed with seas cf grief. When kindred friends in death depart, And anguish dwells in every heart? Let friends survey that faded form. So late with living virtues warm. How can we view that spirit fled, And leave those limbs among the dead f Behold those eyes that gave delight, Now dim in death's cold dreary night! That lovely beam will ne'er return, Remembrance bids her kindred mourn. Have pity, 0 ye mourning friends, For here our earthly comfort ends ; Our fondest hopes thus fade away And perish in this houso of clay. 536 VEKIMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Grtat God, where shall our hopes repose? 0, shed Thy grace amidst onr woes. Sustain us in this mournful hour, Aud grant submissiou to Thy power. Tho kindred mingle with the duwt, Bo Thuu tnir strength, our hope, our trust. May grace suppress these wasting sighs, Aud givu us mansions in the skies. REFLECTIONS— An Extract. Awakened hy reading in the Christian Messenger, propo sals to puhlish by subucriptinn, the sermons oj tlie. late Rev. Oliver Hubbard^ Prof, of Languages, d^c, in Middlebury College. IIow sweet is the sound ofthe name Of him who was dear to my heart! ' Whose loveliness lives witli his fame Whose works can instruction impart ! With meekness and modesty joined, He moulded his manners with ease ; His Maker had fitted his mind, At once to instruct and to please. With him many Castleton youth Beheld our academy smile ; His genius made science and truth. The pain of their studies beguile. Around me to cherish my love, I see fond memoriali rise ; To raise my affections above. They point like hia soul, to the skies. Remembrance recurs with delight, To days when my ho se was his home. When faith wae more precious than sight, When hope was fruition to come. Our Sabbaths passed sweetly away. Devotion commenced with the dawn, Foretasting thatjjeavenly day. Where he now to heaven hag gone. Ah, when shall this heart be at rest? Ah, when shall life's miseries cease? Ah, when shall I meet with the blest. And share their inefiUble peace ? Make haste ye dark years as ye roll. The joys ye onco gave are no mure, Your giiofrt come like waves o'or ray soul, I sigh for eternity's shore. A pious and sensible friend, Whou iinturo's sinking in gloom, Whore kimluossand sympathy blend, Miiy light np a smile u'lt tho tomb. Sadness steals into and runs through almost overy subject our poet touches, yet, once in a while, a struke of hia pen breaks into humor, as in the following: " Joy beaniod through the world when a women waa mado, On finishing her, God's creation was stayed : This last best performance was followed by re^V—Ed. E. HIGLEY was an admirer of serious and solemn poetry and sometimes he enjoyed putting his thoughts in such forms. He and Dr. Gridley spent many a pleasant hour together, in crit icising and improving each others essays at versification. As specimens I send you the following from the hand of E. H. — H. 0. Sigley. ON DEATH. £. HIGLET. Relentless Death ! what trophies thou hast won! Here sink the wise, the aged, and the young, Our predeceisors, since the race began. And Eden lost, have proved the lot of man. They lit on earth, received the vital flame. Then quit the scene ; and in their place we came, Successora suun our places will supply; We hail their entry, take our leave, and die. Divine instruction hence to man is given " Prepare in time to meet our God in heaven." ON SAFETY. £, mCLET. When trouble comes, and sickness pale, The spirits sink, and fears prevail Jesus appears. His people's friend. To calm their fears, their peace defend. When hostile armies ruin spread. Tornadoes beat around my head,^ If Jesus and His love I share. My safety is His faithful care. When earthquakes pour destruction wide, And empir. s perish in the tide, Jesus will guard His chosen sheep ; Safe in His arms His children sleep. When God appears enthroned on high, To burn the world and rend the sky, Jesus will bear me safe above ; My safety is His matchless love. THOUGHTS ABOUT CASTLETON. BY NATH.\N1EL HOIT.* 0, how silent is the dreary past ! Memory alone resuscitates the dead, — The youth and beauty ofthe times remote, And sees again the Images of former years— Sees whero youthful hope, bright as tho sun, Looked thnrngh the vista of the years to como Sees in the aspect ofthe dawning Spring The flowers of beauty show their blushing face; Sees tho tall piue, in matchless grandeur, wave Its rustling foliage to the sunny breeze ; Sees in the distance lofty mountains rise Tinged with etherial blue, and ever there, Fixed as polar star to tho northen sky, • Nehemiah Hoit, now 8i or 85 years old, has lived most of his days in this towu, was long a Deacon in the Congregational church-is now visiting a son and grandson in Michigan.— HI O. UigUy. CASTLETON. 537 Though evanescent those who gaze upon the scone, The mountains last ; the lofty hills, at least, A semblance of old Eden's charras retaija. The former actors, where are they ? 0, where ? They trod life's pathway to ita final verge : — Tet, I review those scenes by memory's aid ; I see the humble, holy man of God, Whene'er the Sabbath's sacred morning comes Stand at his post, instruct, invite, and warn. The wise, the weak, the vile to flee the wrath to come. I love to see the lofty dome', where science shines ; Where genius kindles, and where knowledge pours Its genial beams on all around. I love to hoar of showers of mercy falling there. As in tbe past — when the whole arch of heaven Sent down ita copious rain ; and scores became New-born, and sanctified by love divine, And took their passport to fair Canaan's shore. Now, marble speaks for those who once could tell. In glowing strains, a Saviour's priceless love. Farmington, Oakland Co., M. May 15, 1851. JAMES HOPE was born at Drygrange, Roxborough Shire, Scotland, Nov. 29, 1818. Soon after his father removed to Berwick upon Tweed, where his mother died when he was about a year old. His father afterwards removed with him to Canada where he died of cholera when Jamos was about 13, and at the ago of 15 he came to the United States, and lived nearly 6 years at Fairhaven, Vt. He then spent a year in the Seminary at Castleton. In the Fall of 1840, he went to West Eut land and taught the village school. The ensuing Fall (Sept. 20, 1841) he married Miss Julia M. Smith, of West Eutland. They have had 5 children, the four eldest of whom were born in West Eutland; the youngest, who died in infancy, was born in Castleton. Three of his children, Henry F., I. Douglass and Jessie, are now living. His eldest daughter, Addie (Mrs. G. A. Stearns), died in P.irana, Argentine Republic, South iimerica, March 20, 1871. Mr. Hope commenced as a professional artist in the Spring of 1843, in West Eut land. The three years following he was a teacher in Castleton Sominary, when he re moved with his family to Montreal, where he spent 2 years as a portrait painter. He then returned to Eutland, and began to spend a part of his time painting landscape from nature, and again engaged for 3 years or over as a teacher iu Castleton Semiuary. In 1851, he built his present residence in Castleton, and removed there Dec. 1, 1851. In the winter of 1852, I think, he opened a studio in New York City, where he has spent every winter since, except the winters of 1861, '62 and 'G3. He took an active part in raising and organizing a company of a little over 60 mon, sometime in April, immediately after the rebels fired on Fort Sumpter. He was elected captain and deputized to offer the services of the company to the Governor of Vermont, which he did the day the special session of the legislature convened to take measures for the defence of the country. Gov. Fairbanks requested him to give his compliments to the company and to say that in two or three days they would bo accepted under the provision of the law then under consideration. In due time, he was appointed recruiting officer for the county of Eutland ; he re-enlisted most of his first company; filled it out to the number required by law ; was mustered into the State service some time earl}' in May, when the company was organized, and he was elected captain. His company was mustered into the United States' service as Co. B, of the 2d Vt. at Bur lington, June 20, 1861, and came under fire for the first time at Bull Run. Toward the close of the engagement he deployed his company as skirmishers, covering the left front of the regiment where Co. B held the ground for over half an hour after all other troups had left the field. While he remained in the service, besides having charge of his company, he had a sort of general detail from Gen. W. F. Smith as a, scout, which occupied much of his time when in camp. Capt. Hope was often detailed as an engin eer in both departments, aud was for a time detailed as topographical engineer at general head- quarters. By over-work and exposure he gradually lost his health, till at length, finding himself unable to do duty, even on horseback, he resigned, and returned to Vermont in the Spring of 1863, with mauy regrets that he was obliged to leave the old 2d before its work was done, and with the intention of again entering the army when he regained his health if the war was not ended. Mr. Hope has still a homestead in Castle ton, and a studio in New York City. The most valuable picture he has ever painted, is the "Army of the Potomac,'' at Cumberland Landing, which is valued at from $ 15,000 to $ 20,000, and which is still in his possession. 538 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. IJis most important brook and forest scenery, ¦which are mostly Vermont scenes, are "Forest Glen," "The Gem of the Forest," "Crystal Creek," "Cedar Swam[.," (two or three diflf erent ones), "Sainmer's Dream,'' "The Ba sin," "Great Falls,'" of the Potomac, and a host of lesser but catufully finished studies from nature. Among hia earlier patrons were Hon Solo mon Foot, C. Sheldon, Esq., Dr. L. Sheldon, D. Morgan, and C. Slason, of Rutland, and best friend and patron of all up to thia day ; Carlos S. Sherman, E>f|., of Castleton, D. D. Dana, of Boston, and his lamented friend, Capt. S. G. Perkins, M. D., who fell at Ash by's Gap, Va. In later years. Marshal Pep- oon, Esq., New York, Gen. John 0. Wood ruff, J. U. Furman, A. Child, Percy R. Pyne, John A. Stewart, Theodore Tilton, L de- Forest Woodruff, M. D., Dr. Ttiomas Cook. S. A. Baxter, J. J. Griffin, James Mills, Jo seph Ricliards, Daniel S. Miller, J. E. Wil liams, Rev. Norman Seaver, Col. C. B. Stoughton, W. B. Isham, A. Oakey Hall, &c., with many others of New York Citv, Thomas Mussen, of Montreal, B. F. Gardner- of Baltimore, J. K. Sohnburger, of Cincin, natti. Gen. George J. Magee, of Watkin?, N. Y., &c. He has just completed " Rain bow Falls," in Watkins Glen, N. Y., valued at § 10,000, and sold to a gentleman in New York City. It is considered his best thus far produced, and will be exhibited in the leading cities of the Union, and he expects to follow it up with a series of the leading; scenes from Watkins and Havana glens, ¦which are unequalled by anything of the kind yet discovered, where he has recently erected an art gallery. Spring of 1872. MORNINd IN THE VALLEY OF CASTLETON, Extract from a Lktteii to Mns, B. HY J,\MES lUiPE. I'm planting a scene iu tliis beiuitiriil Tali', Tho villagu, tlm fuioHt, tho mountains mul iliile, The piirttiMfs, the nu'udows, the clear m indhig livor. As (I'er tlio bright pobblos 'tis murmniiiif}; over; And tliou iu some quiot work softly dosoomling, Neath tlu' Bycniinun tion, or the lifiht wiUuw bonding; Through tbo ohiiH, and tho pUu-s, \vbi>ro brer/A-s aro sighing; In tho dark tbiost shade, whoro sweot no\vi'r.>i aro dying Whonto tho bright lines of Summer have withered and fled. And tho wild birds arL* singing thoir roqiiicni sad. I'jn painting at morn, when tho firHt rays of light, Gild roof, domo, and spire iu golden hues bright ; When the gray mist lies still over valley and mountain, And the waters gush clear from the sparkling fountain; When the dew-drops are glittering like a thousand bright gems, All hanging like diamonds on emerald stems — When the waters are dark, and the shadows are pale, And the smoke-wreath ascends from the cot in the vale — E'er the heads from their dark sides the dew drops have spoken — Or the coy maiden half from her bright dreama awaken — All is pciceful and quiet and slumbering still, . But the songs of the birds, and the gush of the rill. TO MY DAUGHTER JESSIE. BT JAMES HOPB. 0 saw ye my Jessie, my sweet little J^-ssie, Mv bonnie wee Ja-i'iie, tbe flower o' the lea? Wi' smiles like the morning, her lace aye adorning. She's my bonnie wee Jessie, the dower o' tho lea. She's blithe and she's bonnie, and sweeter then onie, And the love-light aye sparkles sae bright in her e'e ; And pure as the snaw drift that lies on the mountain. Is the heart o' my Jessie, the flower o' the lea. I long for the hour when the winter winds whistle, Shall yield tu the b ilm— laden breeze o' May ; "Wlien the sma' binls are picking the doon o' the thistle. To big their wee n-.'sts for the simmer's lang day. When the partridge is drum:uing, the honey bee hum' ming. And robin sits lilting his song on the tree. And the oriole warbles sae sweetly at glooming, — They'll tell thee, dear Jessie, I'm coming to thee. When flowers are acrain iu the forest glens blooming. And green grass is springing on mead.iw and lea ; When you see the buds swelling In the grove round thy dwelling — Then look for me, iLirliag, I'm coming to theo. Sho's sweeter far than the flower^ ofthe mountains, And dearer to me then the cems of the Sfa ; Love flows from her heart like the stream from the fountain, — She's my bonnie wee Jessie, the flower o* the lea. 0 dole on the day that shall part me fra Jessie, And ill fa' the fate that tak't. Jessie fra' me; Mny lieaviMi.s best blessing be wi' my dear lassie. My bonnie ^weet Jessie, the tlower o" the lea. PAST AND PRESENT. To L . A . . BY J.\MES HOPE. Do yon mind the hill where tho streamlet flowed. Witb tilt' maj)lo grove and tho winding road? And tho gushing spring iu the cool retreat, Whero wo sheltered oft from the noon-day heat? And the mountains dark in the south and west, Where the forest waved on each towering crest? No voico iu their lofty halls were heard, But the chippering squirrel aud tlie warbling bird. CASTLETON. 539 Again I stand on the sacred spot, But sad are the changes that time has wrought^ Not one uf the old familiar things Aro here nnclianged, that to memory clings : The winding road is rutted and worn, Lilse a torrent's bod by the wintry s torm — Tbe'spring is dry, and the hill is bare, And the tall trees gone that were waving there : Kugged and gray are the mountains now, For the woods are gone from each frowning brow — And fiercely and loudly tbey thunder back The cars wild din o'er the iron-track — And the solemn awe that the soul dotb fill, Hath pass'd torever from valley and hill. CATHOLIO CHUROH IN CASTLETON. BT VERY REV. THOMAS LYNCH. The history of the Catholic church in Caalle- ton began when a few Irish immigrants arrived in that town. For a long time they were visit ed at great intervals by priests who went around the small Catholic settlements of New England, seeking for and miuistering to their scattered flocks as best they could. During tliese visits, the priests availed themselves of whatever accommodation could be procured. But the history of the Catholic churcli in every town and city of New England, at least in its early days was about the same, so much so that we can not find any thing peculiar to this place. Eev. Jeremiah O'Callaghan was the first pastor appointed here ; and after he loft, Castleton had not a settled pastor. Pather 0 Callaghan did not remain for any considera ble time in Castleton. The dates of his appoint ments and departure from the place I cannot determine.* In 1835, some Catholic of the place pur chased a house which up to that time had been used as a carpenter's shop, and which was in tended to be the church. This house much changed and enlarged is the church at present used by the Catholics. After the departure of Father O'Callaghan, the place was visited oc casionally by Rev. John B. Daly, until 1854. In 1853, the State of Termont was erected into a uew diocese, with Burlington for its see. The bishop placed this mission under the care of Rev. Z. Druon, who resided in Rutland. Jan. 24, 1857, Rev. Francis Preast was appointed to this mission, with some others adjoining. In Nov., 1859, Very Rev. Thomas Lynch was ap pointed to succeed Rev. Mr. Preast, and attend ed the mission until Oct. 12, 1869. In 1864, the charch was enlarged aud otherwise im proved. Father Lynch was assisted for 3 years * It is probable that he came and left between 18 — and 18— .—.E3. by Rev. Messrs. M'Cauley, Cunningham and Halpin. In 1869 Rev. Charles O'Reilly took charge of the miasion, which charge continued until December, 1872, when Rev. Mr. Bossin- ault was appointed its pastor. The congrega tion of Castleton, though one of the oldest in the State, is not large. About 40 families scat tered through some of the adjoining towns, with some servants, constitute the congregation. There are, however, many Catholics in other parts of the town, but they form parts of other congregations. Many are found in Hydeville and along the west shore of Castleton pond to West Castleton where they intended some few years ago to build a church, which intention, however, has not been realized. During the first fervor of Adventism here, the wolf snatched up a few stray sheep — a few poor Canadians, who hardly knew what they were about, I thought, when I saw them make their recantation, after I came to Castleton, when they were taken back into the church. They were very good people, I think, but very ignorant ; and the Catholics had no pastor in Castleton at the time. I know of no other de falcation in the place. January 18, 1873, ADVENT OHEISTtAN CHUEOH IN CASTLETON, AND AN EPITOME OF THEIR FAITH. BT B. M.ATHEWSON. The circumstances which gave rise to the gathering and formation of this church are, by its members, considered quite providential Eld. Miles Grant of Boston, Mass., editor of a paper having a circulation of about 9000 called " The "World's Crisis," was the agent employed for this work. A man of ardent, unaffected piety, naturally energetic, and persistent, it must be conceded, was suited to such an enter prise. While zealously advocating the views held by the " Adventista" in the contiguous town of Poultney, in the autumn of 1858, sev eral from Castleton were induced to go down and listen to the fervent eloquence of one, who to them, seemed the propagator of a new faith ; among whom was the Rev. H. P. Cutting, Universalist, resident, and preaching in this town. Eld. Grant invited his hearers to ask any questions relative to his assertions, or the subject upon which he was discoursing, which might to them appear incompatible with reason, or the obvious teaching of the Scriptures. Mr. Cutting, who was considered an able controver- tist, seemed pleased to avail himself of this oppor tune circumstance, partially satisfying himself for the time with such pertinent questions as 540 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. were at hand, at the same time challenging Eld Grant to meet him at a subsequent period in pubhc discussion, and thus settle liis asserted claims to truth: which Eld. G. cheerfully ac cepted, and immediately arranged Ibr the same, which commcneed Nov. 29, 1858, holding threo successive evenings. It was appaient that the discussion ended quite unsatisractorily to Mr. Cutting, who, in the eyes of a majority of the people, appeared a little worsted by the combat. Yet hopeful of success, he again challen;^ed Eld. Grant to ap- jioar at Castleton, hero to discuss his peculiar dogma of Universal salvation. The question was thus resolved, " Do the Scriptures teach the flnal salvation of all mon ?" Cutting af firmed. Grant denied. This discussion com menced Jan. 3, 1859, holding three successive evenings. It was spirited and animating, before large and respectful congregations who assem bled in the town hall. During the entire discussion it was noticeable that the mind of Eld. Grant was so replete with his peculiar views, as to crop out at every turn. Added to this, his conscientious bearing, and apparent confidence in the literal teaching ofthe Scriptures, produced the impression, that he felt himself engaged in a celestial rather than a terrestrial embassy : thereby arousing a religious element, and eliciting a serious en. quiry, whether these things were so ? Thus, the way opened for subsequent labors. Ap parently this debate ended quite satisfactorily to Eld. G., and the few fiiends that now began to gather around him. The following Monday evening, Jan. 10th, he preached his first sermon in Castleton, while the mercury stood at 26 degrees below zero. Ilia subject was " The Kingdom of God." The neglected Bible was se.nrched, to disapprove the strange and offensive doctrines of the new preacher. llinisters of the respective churches, and their membership generally, viewed him with misgiving and suspicion, lie prenched throe successive evenings, nnd left town the following day. The tenth of the fol lowing April, he spent his flrst Lord's day in Castleton, prcacliiiig to largo and attentive congregations in tho town-hall. It now became apparent that solemn inquiry was elicited in tho minds of somo, not only in reference to the peculiar doctrines advocated by tho new preach er, btit they evinced solicitude for thoir spiritual and eternal welfare. Yet the summer and «utumn passed without farther labor. Jan. 17, 1860, Eld. Grant commenced a protracted meeting here, holding it until the 14tb, of the foUowing Mareh. Many were converted whose positions in life differed very materially. Drunkards were reformed, and profane swearers converted to Christ. Even Roman ists embraced the true faith I The rich and the poor bowed together at the feet of Sovereign .Mercy, and sought forgiveness of sins. By some, it was thought to be the greatest revival Castleton had witnessed since the towu was organized, excepting the great revival in 1816, when 1S7 were added to tbe only church then extant. During this 2 month's series of meetings, nearly 100 had professed faith in Christ ; among whom was the wealthiest citi zen ofthe village : a man of some forty winters, possessing high moral worth, and a regular at tendant on Divine worship : yet he had never thus felt the need of being renewed by grace. His heart had revolted at the idea of eternal torment being the Divine punishment for sin; and when he heard it enunciated from the sacred volume that "The wages of sin is death," instead of eternal life, in unending torment, his heart was touched with deep tenderness, and he prayed fervently that he might under stand the truth in this matter, and obtain par don of sin. The Eternal listened to his mid night pr.iyer, granting peace and joy, and caus ing him to triumph in his Redeemer. Mean while the opposition waxed strong, and even violent against the new preacher and his doc trine, partly perhaps fi'om misapprehension, and, perhaps, partly from the same cause manifested by the Jews towards Paul, when multitudes were induced to listen, and receive the faith he preached. (Acts xiii. 44, 4.").) But stiU, the good work progressed marvellously, in spite of the most virulent opposition. As tho voice of profanity was changed to tliat of prayer aud saered song, it seemed to oblige detr.ietion to partially abate its in vectives. On the eve of Eld. Grant's departure lo oth er fields of usefulness many deemed it necessary lor tlieir future good to join themselves together in church compact, and did so, 90 persons im mediately appended their names to the following " CHRISTIAN covenant" " We whoso names are subjoined, do hereby covenant and agree, by the help of the Lord, to walk touelher aa a church of Christ ; faith fully maintaining its ordinances, taking the Bible as our only rule of faith and discipline ; making Christian char.acter the only test of fellowship and communion. Wo farther agree, with Christian fidelity and CASTLETON. 541 meekness, to exercise mutual watch-care, to counsel, admonish, or reprove, as duty may re quire, or to receive the same from each other as becometh the household of faith." This chiurch reject any special articles of faith as superfluous. The above covenant is all that is considered necessary or profitable. In April 1860, a church edifice was commenced, and completed the following November. It is situ ated near the west end of the village, is built of wood, and is 55 feet by 37, having 64 slips, and capable of seating between 300 and 400 persons. Both the interior and exterior are plain, but chaste, and tastefiil. It has a pleasant and commodious vestry, capable of seating 125 per sons. The total cost was about $3000. It was dedicated, Nov. 22, 1860, Eld. S. G. Matherson from Sandy Hill, N. T., preaching the sermon from 1 Kings viii. 27. Through the following winter the church was supplied by transient preachers. The following April, Eld. Albion Ross took the spiritual over sight of the church 6 months. From October through the foUowing winter, the church was again supplied by transient preachers until April, 1862, wheu Eld. D. T. Taylor became pastor, remaining 2 years. May I, 1864, Eld. S. G. Mathewson, became pastor, which relation he yet fills, March, 1873. The government of this church is entirely Congregational. Dunng the 10 years existence of this church, change has been written upon its records. Some have left its pale through unworthiness, quite a number have died, and a still greater number have removed to other towns and states ; leaving the present number of membership 130. The present witnesses a wholesome, and relatively prosperous condition. A stated ministry, an interesting Sabbath school, regular weekly meetings for prayer and conference, a covenant meeting once a month for the church only, and the sacrament of the Lord's Supper administered once in two months. For yeara there has been a gradual cessation of what the Latins term, odium theologicum, but as some yet denounce their faith as hereti cal, it seems proper to append an epitome of their faith. They believe in one Almighty uncreated self existent God, Father and Maker of aU, om- nicient, and by Hia Spirit, omnipresent. That the Holy Spirit is a divine influence emanating from God, sent to comfort the righteoua and re prove the world of sin. They believe in the only begotten Son of God, as their Divine Re deemer, and without Him there ia no salva tion for the faUeu race of mankind. They be Ueve the natural heart ia opposed to God, and that a change must be wrought by the Holy Spirit, or man must perish forever. It may be aaid that they are neither Unitarians nor Trlni tarians. They believe the Son of God had an existance prior to the creation of this planet, and it was he whom the Eternal Father ad dressed, when he said " Let us make man.'' They believe He was the beginning of God's creation. Rev. iii. 14 and Col. i. 16, and that after tasting death for every man, he was raised from the dead and seated at the right hand of the Majesty in the heavens, there to remain our Intercessor, or High Priest, until his enemies be made his foostool. They believe the Father has delegated him with power to raise the dead, and judge the world at the last day. And though the Father is not the God of the dead, yet hath he provided a God of the dead in the person of his Son. Matt. xxii. 32, Rom. xiv. 9. They believe the prophecies relating to our world are nearly fulfllled, when this same Jesus wiU come the second time, just as He went away, literaUy and personally. John xiv. 3, Rev. xx. 12. He will then give the righteous an heirship with Himself to His ever lasting Kingdom; which kingdom comprises the territory under the whole heavens. Dan. vii. 27 ; Ps. xxxvii. 9, II, 22, 29, 34; Matt. v. 5 ; Rev. xi. 15. They believe this earth will be melted, the works therein burned up, the curse entirely removed ; and it wUl appear again, in all its pristine loveliness and beauty, as at the flrst, wheu the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy, and its Creator pronounced it " very good." Christ its right ful King will reign over it forever. They be lieve that mankind do not naturally possess im mortality, but it is something to be sought after by patient continuance in well doing. Rora. ii. 7. That in death, there is a total cessation of all the vital functions, so that man is unable to re member God, or experience emotions of lovo, hatred or envy, (Ps. vi. 5, cxlvi. 4, Eccl. ix. 5, 6,) but sleeps unconsciously until the resur rection; when the righteous dead are raised, the righteous living changed, and together caught up to meet the Lord In the air : (1 Thess. iv. 16, 17,) that they abide in tho chambers of the Lord or New Jerusalem, until tho earth is cleansed by flre, and fitted up for the saints; when this New Jerusalem city descends from God out of heaven, aud becomes the metropo- 642 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. lis of the new earth. They believe the wicked dead will be raised a period of time after the righteous, that both classes are not raised at the samo time. They believe that when the elements and earth melt with fervent heat, the wicked, in stead of suffering eternal torment, will then be burnt up, and entirely consumed out of the earth, as the fat of lambs ia consumed into smoke; Ps. x-\xvii. 20, civ. and 35, and become ashes under the feet of the reighteous : Matt. iv. 3. verifying the declaration, that " the right eous shall be recompensed in the earth: much more the sinner and the wicked." They be Ueve there will be a mixed state of good and evil, in society generally, until the end of the world ; that the modern notion of a mUlenium prior to the second coming of Christ ia a mere fable. Matt. xiii. 30 . Dan. vii. 21. They acknowledge no baptism valid but im mersion ; and believers the only fit subjects for this ordinance : but encourage all to come to the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper that love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity. They be lieve the Bible is a sufficient creed, and enjoin no other. They believe in interpreting the Scriptures literally, that is, according to the natural and primitive sense of the words, in aU cases where it does not involve a contradiction of the Bible, or an obvious absurdity. That symbols, tropes and metaphors should be inter preted according to the laws given in the Scrip tures. VERMONT VOLUNTEERS. BY REV. DANIEL T. TAYLOR. I. TVhen a dark and hell-born treason Wocked the nation's hallowed trust ; And our starry flag of Freedom, Rent by traitors, trailed in dust;— Then tho slave power's galling fetters In which Northmen long did lay ; Touched by Ereodom's pen and spear-point, Broke aud vanished in a day : And our country's noblo war chief Pealed forth high a bugle call. Ocean answering buck to ocean, " To the rescue, ono and all I" '* FiiBt among the gallant yeoinon, Itushing to the dangerous f^-ont; ¦Wilh a step and will undaunted,— Came the sons uf old Vermont. 1 1. Eor Liberty hor sages woke. And patriot heroes bravely spoke,— » The First Regiment Vt. Volunteers (three montlis Tamn "aT'Stm a,f i"m"'"?, "'"^'" ""'"n"' Phelps broke MnTr,,. t ? f ,, ' .M"y "tl>. 1861, reaching Fortress Muuroe the followmg Mouday morning. But one-a Muss, rogimout-was there before thomf Green Monntain men to us give ear. The crisis ot the age is here ; Tho nation's second birth is oomo, — "Will ye sit idle, — cowards — dumb? Awake ! awake I thou slnmbering North And send thy valiant legions forth ; Go forth and break the oppressor's rod, Go forth and tru^t in Cromwell's God. Fling out our banner, bid it float. Fear not the cannon's thundering throat; Honor the State that gave you birth. Strike red hand treason to the earth; Strike! till the haughty Southron yield; Strike! till the vanquished quit the field, No tardy feet, the threshold cross. Nor linger, let the day be lost ; Let freedom be your battle cry. And lor your country dare to die; And should ye faint or falter— bark I Remember Allen,— Waenee,— Stark. TVe come? we come! was their lofty cry. Our hearts are true and our weapons bright ; To fight and to conqnor, to do and die. Till traitors sink in a starless night, We have turned our pruning hooks into spears. We have moulded our plow-shares into swords : Farewell to the peace of fifty years, — To arms and vanquish the rebel hordes. And from Nurth, where Missisco's waters lave. And South where the Green ridge sinks to hill ; From Connecticut's valley to Champlain's wave, They came, the men of the iron-will. The mountain peaks echoed from rock and glen. To the fife's shrill notes, to the roll ofthe drum t As when Roderick summoned Clan Alpine's men.— They answering shouted. We come I we cornel 0 fate so mystic and so dumb ; 0 hour of parting and of pain ! Ilope and despair alternate reign I The day of sad farewells hath come— And now tbey gather round sweet home. Ah ! will they see that home agaiu ? " I go my loved" the soldier said, *' Heaven's blessings rest on thee alway ; To-morrow'll flnd me far away |" Then parent, wife, and mountain maid. Looked through tbe raining tears and prayed, '•Ood help thee in the dreadful fray." "Farowull, my loved ones, all," he cried, "Farewell, Vermont, my joy, my boast," " Farewell,"— his feet the threshold crossed ; " Farewell," they one aud all replied, Tbe soldier brushed his tears aside. And sped to join the mustering host. The first and foremost everywhere With steady aim and dash and cheers ; Wh.-re rudely sweeps the storm of war. Are seen our noblo volunteers. t Big Bethel flrst their prowess proved. t Scott's Lady of the Lake. Canto V. Section IX. ^i.'^l? A".'""'! •'I"." lOtI'- 1861. The flrst land fight The flrst Vermout was in several wounded — some th Infantry in Virginia tbo flght — none killed ¦ missing. CASTLETON. 543 Bull Ruu but fired their hearts to steel, Lee's Mills their daring valor moved, And showed their stern unconquered zeal. The gazing armies held their breath ; Tbey charged the foe at double quick; They rushed right in the jaws of death, ¦While red with blood ran Warwick Creek. At York the foemen hotly pressed, Fast, fast their flying ranks they urge; And Btill our men in bold unrest, * "All ready" stood at Williamsburg. In Chickahominy's dreary swamps, Where fever breathed its poisonous breath ; By day's fierce heat, — by evening's damps, — They strove with rebels aud with death. Then came the " Battle-week" of blood ; Thrice and again the foe was foiled, They fell npon Virginia's sod, They Bleep beneath Virginia's soil. South Mountain found tbem wide awake, Their bayonets flashing in the sun ; The traitor's bristling ranks they break, Nor halt until the day is won. And when thy fields, 0 Antietam, Won earthly glories ne'er shall fade; • With serried columns bold and calm. None faltered in Vermont's Brigade. And rebel troopers found a grave, •Or fled like sheep at Ashby's Gap ; , When Vermont's horsemen quick and brave, Fell on them like a thunder chip. At Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville, Their furious charge 'mid cannon's roar, Shall tell their sturdy valor till Old Time's rod battles all are o'er. When freemen tre^on's minions met At Gettysburg, our men were there, To drive them fromthe Key-stone State, — Back to their own detested lair. TJpon the nation's capitol The rebel fixed his wishful eye, But when hie hordes it would enthrall We saved it — for Vermont waa by. Where Mississippi rolls along Her dark, still waters, grand and huge; With gleaming steel and shout and song. They bled and died at Baton Rouge. The Delta State's broad bayous saw Their flag in triumph at Teche ; Boutte, and AUamand's proud hurrahs, Kang out their hard-won victory. Impetuous on the Forts they fly ; Port Hudson saw them bound to win- Saw " death or victory" iu each oye. Then ope'd her gates aud let them in. At Chapins, Fishers, Mount Jackson, And Weldon, Todds, and Rains, and Po, Cold Harbor, Hares, and Middletown, Vermont help waste the wily foe. At Cedar Creek they still him pressed. At Hatchers, Newton, Poplar grove, They tracked him to the Wilderness, And hack the rebel armies drove. But blood ran down as water runs Through all the forests tangled ronnd, And trae men, traitors, foe and friend, •"Ready, aye Ready" — a Scottish war emblem. Scott's " Lay ofthe Last Minstrel." Canto IV. see. VIII. Lay strown wide o'er that bloody ground We name not all those fields of gore. They livo oh history's page ot gold; Nor count again their battles o'er. Till Appomattox' tale was told. And when before the conqueror's arms f Richmond, her gates flung open wide. Our men still dauntless bore their palms And marched in through them side by side J Thrice forty times they met the foe. Toiling in close and deadly strife, And wasted by a hundred fights Helped save a noble nation's life. In many a skirmish, many a scout, On watch by night,— on march by day, Their muskets kept a sharp lookout, Their good swords held the foe at bay. On horse, on foot, in camp, on field. They bore our flag to victory ; And ne'er to traitors basely yield, Till all our Father-Land is FRb:E. ***** From where the blue Potomac rolls Beside her famed and blood-stained banks; South where the James dark fortress held, Our braves in pfisons foul and dauk I Where Rappahannock searward goes. Along the shores of Rapidan ; Where Shenandoah 'twixt mountains flows, — They died for freedom and for man. Some homo to village graves are borne, Love plants the myrtle o'er their tomb; Some far away in graves unknown, Sleep where no flowers of love may bloom. II Some in the nation's hallowed ground, Sleep royally their last long sleep ; Some lie where no carved stone is found, No kindred nigh — no friend to weep. I see them where their camp fires burn. And light the sulphury midnight air ! Their pickets on their night-watch turn. And about the challenge " Who goes there ?" The lurking foe unseen creeps on, — The soldier dreams not death's so nigh; A flash, — the bullet's sped,— he's gone, — " Comrads, farewell — 0 God, I diel" TI, Toll for the noble brave. Borne to a gory grave, Wreatlj ye the bier ; Whisper each deathless name, Give them to God and Fame, Drop ye love's tear. When war made earth a hell. Thundering shot and shell, ¦f A Vermont regiment was among the first to enter Richmond, at its capture, April, 1865. t The Adjutant General in his report (Oct. 1, 1865 to Oct. 1, 1866) gives a list of about 126 battles and en gagements io which our troops took part occurring between Big Bethel, June 10, 1861, and Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865. Every ten days on an av erage they saw a battle or engagement. I An allusion to the National Cemeteries. N. B. Section V. contains a historical sketch of mostof the principal battles in which Vermont troops were engaged. 644 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Tumult ran wild ; Looked they to Heaven in death. Breathed with thoir parting breath, Mother 1 Wife I Child 1 Pity the soldier's lot,— Hntne he no'or unco forgot, Diud th'iy to save ; Dark was tho foeman's hour. Broke ia the oppressor's power,— Toll for tho biiivy. VII. Peace doth again her ofl"erlng8 bring. The sword is slioathed, — tho war is past; And all our broad greon laud still rings With shouts of victory, won at last. I hear the anthems of the Free ; I see a nation born anew ; — While blent with glad years yet to be. Siid pensive forms rise up to view. "Swf'ut mother" crtos tho child at play, " Whose sword is that hangs on the wall ?" With wet eyes she doth proudly say " Thy sire's my boy — he heard the call Freedom rang out, — saw Liberty, And Tiovo, and Truth, and Right defied; Took down his sword, — kissed thee and me, — Then went and fought, and bled, and died." 0 'twa^ a grand and glorious sight. When woke the thunders ofthe North ; She summoned all her meu of might, And poured her dauntless millions forth; Staunch brothers, who in woe or weal, When dastards cower, and tyrants hate ; The patriotic heart-throbs feel, — And dtand by our good ship of state. And now while sword and musket rust, We name with pride the da rk years when Vermont — to Freedom's sacred trust * Gave four and thirty thousand men Vermout— that in the nation's need When dread and dangerous days drew nigh : f Gave twice two thousand braves to bleed, % And gave five thousand sons to die. What though no sceptres for theae wait, II Nor Copperheads applauding praise ; We rank them with the truly great, And chant thoir deeds in deathless lays. Thoir fame all future time sliall tell, — True men who acted well their part. VERMo:fT will mark her heroes well, And shrine them deep within her heart. Called home from flerce and sanguine wars, Or sleeping 'noath the trampled sod ; Tlu^y wear tho Hivrrod glorious scars, Or weld tho Union with their blood. Illustrious with tho honored di-iiii ; Roinemborod In all ctmilng ycjirs ; Groon hu the laurels on thoir head*, Our brave, our noblo \'olunteer3. * Tho wholo number of volunteers and drafted men furnished by Vormtnit for tho war was 34,238. f Tho number of wouiuleil was 4,360. X Tho number of deaths of Vermont mon in fleld and hospital during tho wholo war was 5,128. Moro than one half of those periahod iu tho last year of the war. (See Adg. gen. Rep. U Copperheads ; alias Tory, alias Traitor. THE BEAUTIFUL HILLS. Air — Jas. G. Clark's Beautiful ECills. 0 the Beautiful Hills Ofthe Summer-land, By iliortal feet untrod, Where the stately angels, a shining band. Encircle the throne of God: The light leaps forth in its new-born flush. And beanty its charm distills ; And the skies are tinged witb an amber blush, All over the Beautiful Hills. CaoEDS — 0, the Beautiful Hills, 0, the Beautiful Hills ; We are going homo to the Summer-land, To sing on the Beautiful Hills. All over those Hills are the fadeU^ss flowers. That bloom with a thousand hues; And diamonds flash 'mong the c untl&ss bowers, And gems each path bestrews : And the music of myriad silver bells The air with melody fills, While each glad object the cadence swells, That rolls o'er the Beautiful Hills. Chorus — 0, the Beautiful Hills, O, the, Ac. And royal mansions with burnished domes, Builded with pearls and gold, Beckon the blest to those happy homes. Where the frame will not grow old; But the heart is flame, and the eye is fire, And a deathless rapture thrills. While wo strike forever the golden Lyre, And roam o'er the Beautiful Uills, Chobtjs — 0, the Beautiful Hills. We hear through the howling of earth's mad storms, The strains from those Hills afar. And we catch a glimpse of the snowy forms That gleam through the misty air; It will not be long e're the night is o'er ; FarewtU to all Time's ills ; We are treading the verge of the shining shore And close to the Beautiful HiUs. CH0BU3 — 0, the Beautiful Hills. D. T. T. Castleton, Vt., Apr., 1863. CHRIST ON THE SEA. It was night, the tempest rode forth In its power, Aud tho heavens wore starless and dreary ; And Gonnessaret's waters yawned wide to devour A bo.it'a crow, all toiling and weary. Oh I wild wore the wiuds on the storm-driven sea, * Whero that sailor-band pressed no calm pillow; And strong was the current that drove them to lee While the darkness lay thick on the billow. While the rude waves rolled on to their home on tho strand And shook their huge heads, sprayed and hoary, Christ walked out on the waters, majestic aud grand, With a step like a God, in His glory. CASTLETON. 545 Then the turbulent waves rushed, their Monarch to own, And crouched in submission and duty, And Gennessaret's sea turned to nuirbie and stone 'Neath His tread who had formed all its beauty. He spake, and the billows in welcome caress Thronged 'round Him whose mandate had made them; Then sank calm to sleep, like a babe on the breast. At the feet ofthe Kiug who had staid them. Then He entered the ship, and its deck was His throne. And the Lord Hia lone loved ones defejided ; And the storm of ita power by His strong arm was shorn, And the toilsome night voyage was ended. Trust, then, to the Master, who hushed the wild sea. When His chosen ones fainted with horror : Time's ocean will never from tempest be free. Nor the world know a calm, bright to-morrow. Till His tread on the billows is felt aa of old; And the tempest shall never, oh, never Spread again ita black wing, for Time's story is told And the earth will grow calm, then, forever. D, T. 7. MR. MARANVILLE IS the inventor of the '* Cherokee Balsam " ¦which he manufactures at Castleton as a remedy for catarrh, throat diseases, and rheu matism. Mr. Henry Clark, late of the Her ald who has given it, in pamphlet, a very high recommend gives these few biographical particulars of our author. " We have been acquainted with Mr. Mar anville from his early manhood, and have known the difficulties with which he has struggled. A young man without resources, with no surroundings to aid hira, he had the desire for a liberal education, and with a manly determination he continued the pre paration for college, and after years of study and contention with poverty he entered Mid dlebury CoUege, from whence he graduated with a good standing. Having necessarily become burdened with debt for his educa tion, after his graduation he became a teacher, and from 1850 to 1857, he was principal of the Fort Valley, (Ga.) Male Academy, aud attained a fine reputation as a teacher. He returned North and remained for several years. In 1859, he was invited to accept a Professorship in the Furlow (Ga.) Masonic CoUege, where he remained for two years, when he again returned north very much to the regret of the faculty." He has just put before the public a new and valuable discovery in medicine which is the result of experiment in his own cure after years of suffering from catarrhal asthma and which proved a remedy for the ills with which he had been afflicted. Mr. Maranville has publiahed a pamphlet in relation to his dis covery of 4i pp. He was married in 1856 to Flora Thornton. They have buried an infant daughter aud bave two daughters and two sons living. SPRING IN CASTLETON. BY ROBERT EMMETT M.^EANTILLB. The merry red-breast flutters, And chirps her matin sung. The jay bird mildly mutters— Thy stay has been too long — The swallow joins the chorus, And the pretty butterfly, That flirts an hour before us. Then turns away to die- Mounts gaily iu the sky. The busy insects humming. The buzzing bee and fly. The partridge loudly drumming That starts the passer-by, The softly moaning turtle dove W.th gentle plaintive strain, So sad, yet sweetly mourus her love And welcomes him again. The springing earth is teeming With beauties rich and rare. And every eye is beaming With pleasures, full of cire. The meadows gay with flowers. The ivy-mantled rocks — The swelling buds aud showors In deep imbosomed bowers, And gently murmuring brooks. The hillocks groen w:th sweetness And waving fields of grain, Clothed with their rustic neatness, A beauty in completeness — Have all returned aj^ain. The golden Autumn rich in fruits From Heaven's bounteous store We dearly love, but strange to tell We love the Spring the more. AWAY FROM HOME. My school-boy days were joyous and bright, My heart so merry, was careless and light; I o'er the hills and dales did roam, Happy then, in my " Greon Mountain " home I was happy then. In the shade of tho oak and mulberry tree, That circled my home, so happy and free ; I danced and sang the Summer away, With lilacs and blossoming roses gay. I was happy then. 546 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. On liver and lake, through valley and plain, Roving free o'er tho green domain, Or through tho meadows, with lilies fair, Free won I, aa tho mountain air. I was happy then. Oft when rambling o'er tho dells, I would list the sound ofthe village bells. Sweetly chiming, filling the ear ^^'lth mellow tones, so rich and clear. I was happy then. At night, like faries, Flora and I Would watch tho stars in the azure sky; And Horace would come, with roty-cheek Jano, To watch tho whip-poor-will down the lane, I was happy then. The friends of my youth, ah ! " whore aro they ? ' An echo answers, " faded away ; " Like a tale that is told, and Horace so brave, Sleeps near the roar of the ocean wave. I waa happy then. H. e. H. Fort Valley, Ga., May, 1852. HENRY CLAY. For the Geoegia Citizen. The Nation weeps a gallant son. The Statesman of the West — Our Henry Clay I his glorious sun Has set in peaceful rest. 'Tis good to weep, let tears be shed! And garlands deck thw grave Of Henry Clay, the gallant dead, The Patriot true and brave. His country's pride and firm defence. In peril's darkest night, His fame upon an eminence Outshines the dazzling light. W^hen loud the war-trump called for men To drive tho foe away, Whero was gallant Harry then? Oh I where was Harry Clay ? Stand up yo patriots, mon of agel "With heads uncovered now : And wcavo for Harry Cliiy, tho Sago, A chaplet for his brow ! Strew flowers o'er his grave, Yv yimilH aud maidens all, to-day. And chant tho funeral dirge for biavo And noblo Henry Clay. n. £. Fort Valley, Ga., July, 1862. LILLIE AND ISABEL. DT ALICE B. COLBURN. Those throbbing hearts have ceased to boat. Those llttlo cyos aro cb'sed. Those littlo restless forms are still In death's calm, doop repose. Then softly clasp those icy hands Above each silent breast. And gently lay our darlingR down, Beneath the sod to rest. The patter of thqse little feet We loved to hear of yore. The merry prattle of those tongues Are heard, alas, no more. The merry voice, the sparkling eye, Tho active forms we miss, The soft arms clasped in warm embrace. The loving, good-night kiss. *Twafi h^rd to yield our darlings up Tu death's stern, cold embrace, 'lis hard from each frequented spot To misa each little face. Yet ours is not a hopeless grief. We know that they are blest, For Jesus loves the " little ones," And marks their place of rest. Castleton, Aug. 11, 1863. OBITUARY OF A SOLDIER FATHER AUD SOTS. Died in the Regimental Hospital, at Car rolton, La., Sept. 22, 1862, of camp fever, George Bailey, (of Co. A, 7th Reg.,Vt. Vol.,) only son of Clara and Henry H. Hosford, aged 17 years. The VEicant chair — a lock of hair — cut from the dying brow — The pictured face — fond memories — these — these are lelt us DOW. In Hyd ville. Sept. 19th, 1863, at his own residence (of disease contracted in camp, and on the battle field) Henry H. Hosford, (late of Co. F., 14th Regiment Vt. Volunteers) in the 43d year of his age. Thus sadly is our horae bereft — our country hajs taken all. George enlisted into the 7th Vt. Regiment, at Rutland, Feb. 11, 18i32 ; was with his Reg iment in the first siege of Vicksburg, under Gen. Williams, when the canal was dug around that city which cost so many lives. He was sick at Vicksburg, and never fully recovered, and at Baton Rouge was attacked with fever which continued till death relieved hira of all earthly sufferings — though he did duty till within about three weeks of his death. In his last letters home (dated Aug. 23, at Carrolton) the young soldier wrote: " Here I am in our old camp (Parapet) Writ ing to you once more ; but we expect to move from this camp soon, and I will write again in a few days, letting you know where we are, &c." The Regiment was moved to Camp CASTLETON. 547 Williams, (called by some of that fated band of soldiers. Camp Misery) and in a few days he was taken from the camp to hospital, and from thence to t'le g ave. On Aug. 16, 1862, his father enlisted into the nine months' service, and the wife at the solicitation of her husband visited the camp at Brattleboro, and after saying the la=t " good bye," seeing his Regiment start girded for the conflict wilh Rebellion, returned home but to receive a letter penned by other hands, bringing news of the death of their only and beloved son. Then after the months of lonely sorrow and suspense waiting for tbe husband's return, he came, but to spend a few painful weeks of suffering and with loved ones to minister to his wants, to die, leaving a feeble wife and two young daughters to mourn his loss. He enjoyed uninterrupted health while in the service of his country until the weary "seven days' march," and the battle of Gettys burg, but was never well after. After his return he often said — " I am gad I went; for I have done something for my country." Far from horae and kindred, lies the son and brother, among the graves of our " mar tyred dead," where tbe Mississippi chants a solemn requiem in the peaceful " home of the dead." In Castleton Cemetery, beneath the evergreens by his own hand planted, to shade the grave of his " first-born," repose the patriot husband and father. Blessed be the mensory of our dear departed ones. Weary soldiers ! rest iu peace — ye shall not be forgotten. — A soldier's mother and a sol dier's widow. " The collection of minerals, Indian relics, fossils, shells, fishes and skeletons, made by the late Dr. H. C. Atwood, of Castleton, has been presented by Mrs. Atwood to the Nor mal School at Castleton. The collection consists of about one thousand specimens. They have been placed in a cabinet, which is called the " Atwood Cabinet," in honor of him who made the collection. It will form a valuable nucleus of a cabinet, which will be constantly enlarged. The specimens for merly in the Seminary will also be joined to this collection, and make, altogether, about two thousand specimens." — Rutland Herald. CHITTENDEN is a mountain town of moderate pretensions, in Rutland Co., bounded northerly by Goshen of Addison Co., easterly by Pittsfield, southerly by Parkerstown, and west by Pitts ford aud a part of Brandon. It was granted the 14th and chartered the 16th of Maroh, 1780, to Gershom Beach and associates. The township of Philadelphia was annexed to it Nov. 2, 1816. The settlement was com menced in this township about the close of the Revolutionary War, but much of it being mountainous, remains unsettled. The religious denominations are Methodists, Con gregationalists aud Catholics. The latter number 100, the Congregationalists about 50, the Methodist Episcopals about 60, tha Protestant Methodists, 10. The Methodists erected a house of worship in 1832, and the Congregationalists in 1833. The north-west part of the township is watered by Philadelphia river, which falls into Otter Creek at Pittsford. Tweed river rises in the eastern part and falls into White river. The south-western part is watered by East Creek. Near Philadelphia river is a mineral spring, and among the mountains are some caverns, bnt as yet are little known . This town is interesting, however, on account of its minerals. Iron ore of good quality is found here in abundance, also, manganese. About 600 tons of the iron ore are raised annually, much of which is smelted at the works in Pitjgford. The manganese is found at unequal depths below the surface, and about 300 tons, worth $ 35 per ton in New York, are annually sent to market. A furnace was erected iu this towu as early as 1792, by a Mr. Zeath of Boston. Iu 1839 a forge was erected, which makes about 500 lbs, of bar-iron per day. The town contains 6 school districts, 6 saw mills, each sawing yearly 100,000 feet of boards ; 1 store, and a post-office which was established in 1841. STATISTICS oje 1840. "Ilor.ses, 126; cattle, 481; sheep, 4,326; swine, 287; wheat, bush., 1,115; barley, 5; oats, 5,032; rye, 262; buckwheat, 345; In dian corn, 2,379; potatoes, 16,830; hay, tons, 1,970; sugar, lbs., 11,790; wool, 9,202; pop ulation, 644. The most distinguished man who has re sided here was Aaron Beach. He fought under Wolfe on the Heights of Abraham ; served his country through the war of the Revolution, and wag prevented only by the solicitations of friends from being with the '548 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Green Mountain Boys in the Battle of Platts burgh." — Thus far from Thompson's Gazet teer, which is the latest particular historical account that we have of this town that when chartered aspired to and obtained the honor of being named for Thomaa Chittenden, first Governor of Vermont. The census of the United Slates for 1810 gives the name of Asahel Durkee as e, pen sioner for military services, aged 45, and the Vermout Register for 1873 has the following statistics for this town : STATISTICS roE 1873. Population, 802 ; H. F. Baird, town clerk and treasurer ; R. K. Baird, Wm. Mullin, Azem Churchill, selectmen ; Edwin Horton, constable ; P.. V. Allen, supt.; Hiram Baird, R. W. Barnard, G. F. Durkee, listers; W. Mullin, overseer; P. Mullin, agent; J. M. Farman, postmaster ; H, F. Baird, Danford Brown, L. Edmunds, B. F. Manly, R. 0. Dow, justices; Eev. 0. C. Barnes, Wesleyan Methodist clergyman ; Brown & Clark, mer chants ; manufacturers, Hewett &-Yaw, John Warner, E. S. & J. Brown, D. Wetmore, clapboards ; D. Wetmore, T. Cheedle, E. S. & J. Brown, Henry Spawn, Hewett, Parish & Co., D. Baird, jr., Johu Warner, lumber; mechanics and artisans, Philip Dutelle, black smith ; N. D. Parker, H. J. Perry, carpenters ; John Perry, E. Willis, G. Thornton, coopers ; S. S. Baird, gunsmith ; George Enslow, hair dresser ; J. E. Nutting, wheelwright. Chittenden is S. W. from Montpelier, 33 miles. R. R, Stations, Rutland, 7 miles ; Pittsford, 5 miles. In brief, our most venerable Governor's namesake land has not, it appears, at this time, _doctor, lawyer, nor town historian. They s'eem rather out in the cold, but hardy mountaineers have usually a history of which one nodil not be ashamed, and woithy, too, of commemoration. At a li\v at lea^t more sterile towns, have given us very pleasing and comphae histories, we still wait for Chittenden with hope, though among tha inount.Tins very r(>tiredly, to make yet an historical rally and com') nobly round with a snug littlo record, civil, religious, military and biographical, for tha closliii; volume — where all towns yet behind shall have the one more chance belbra tliia series of Ver mont town luslories is closed. The field is, it will be perceiveil, still open here for any 0118 who may be williue to aid for the sake of Chittondon having her history as well wntten up as her sislor towns around her. We most especially desire a good biography of Aaron Beach, of revolutionary fame, men tioned by Thompson. — Ed. [Received since the above was in type — Ed.] HISTOET OF THE TOWN OF CHITTESTDEN. FEOM THE RECORDS. The town of Chittenden was chartered by the Governor, Council and General Assembly the 16th day of March, 1730, the grantees were Thoma=i Spring, Aaron Jordou Bogue, Publius Virgilius Bogue, Seth Keeler, Na thaniel Chipman, John Strong, Silas Whit ney, Daniel Lake, Benajah Roots, Ezra Root, Darius Chipman, Samuel Beach, Ger shom Beach, 2d , .Samuel Lilley, jr., Timothy Chittenden, jr., Elisha Adams, Solomon Tay lor, Nathaniel Ladd, Eleazer Davis, Ebenezer Pitcher, Henry Lake, George Lake, Jonathan Lake, Silas Page, Dudley Averill, Zadock Everist, Daniel Foot, Daniel Collins, Thomas Chittenden, Jas. Everts, David Lee, jr., Reu- ' ben Cady, John Eancroft, Nathan Richard son, Robert Graham, Sarah Stiles Asa Ed mund, James Carpenter, Thomas Rowley, Rufus Stevens, Benjamin Everist, Adonijah Montague, John Fa.-^sett, jr., Israel Ellsworth, Moses Robinson, David Hubbell, Benedict Alford, John Dagget, William Clark, Lebeus Johnson, Hezekiah Gould, Noah Jlerwin, Jabez Edgerton, Jonathan Fassett, James Murdock, John Page, Nathaniel Cutter, jr., John Cutter, Jesse Burk, Elisha Smith, Asahel Humphreys, David Smith, Amasa Ladd, Joseph Barnard, Dan Barnard, jr. One Right for the use of a Seminary or College, one Right for tbe use of County Grammar Schools in said State, one Right for the settlement of a minister or ministers of the Gospel, one Eight for the support of social worship of God, one Right for tbe support of au English Schooler Schools in said town. First Settlers. — Nath.aniel Ladd, John Bancroft, Gershom Beach, Jonathan Dike, Sidomon Taylor, Nathaniel Nelson, Oliver Bogue, Zeb Green, John Cowe, Jacob Wal ton, Asa Farrar. The Town was originally 6 miles square. In 1S16 one half of the town of Philadelphia was annexed to Chittenden, There are two rivers in town. East Creek and Farnace River ; two small ponds not named — two beds of iron ore and one of man ganese. The town was organized March 30, 1789 ; the officers, Ebenezer Drury, modera tor ; Nathaniel Ladd, clerk; Nathan Nelson, Nathaniel Ladd, Solomon Taylor, selectmen; / CHITTENDEN. 549 Nathan Nelson, treasurer ; Jeffrey A. Bogue, constable; Oliver Bogue, John Bancroft, Moses Taylor, listers. TOWN CLEEKS. Nathaniel Ladd was the first town clerk, from March 1789 to 1790, Nathan Nelson, the 2d from 1790 to '93 ; then John Cowe, from 1793 to 1813-20 years ; David Wardsworth, from 1814 to 16 ; Warren Barnard, 1816 to '18; Wolcott H. Keeler, 1818 to 1822 ; Jonas Wheeler, 1822 to 1824 ; Wolcott H. Keeler, 1824 to 1828 ; Moses Randall, 1828 to 1843; the 14th of Nov. when he died ; Moses and Alvin Randall 16 years ; Alvin Randall served as Clerk till March, 1844; Capen Leonard, Jr., till March 1847, three years ; Chauncy Taylor from 1847 to 1854; Alvin Randall 1854 to 1856 ; Reuben Harris, 1856 to 1871, fifteen years; H. F. Baird to the present time. (Feb. 1873.) EEPEESENTATIVES. In 1797, John Cowe was chosen representa tive, and is the first on record. In 1801, and in 1804, Cowe was again chosen representative. I find no record of any one being chosen from 1804, till 1810, when Thomas Manley was chosen and there is no other record till 1817, when Thomas Manley was chosen. In 1818, Howard Mitchell was chosen ; in 1819, Jonas Wheeler ; 1820 and '21, Wolcott H. Keeler ; 1822, Jonas Wheeler; 1823 and 24, Wolcott H. Keeler ; in 1825, Warren Barnard ; in 1826, W. H. Keeler ; in 1827, there is no record of any one being chosen ; 1828 and '29 '30, Jonas Wheeler was chosen ; in 1831, John Wood bury; in 1832, no record of any being chosen; 1833, John Woodbury was chosen ; in 1834, Jonas Wheeler ; 1835 and '6, Thomas J. Leon ard ; 1837 to '41, Capen Leonard ; 1842-'3-'4, Dan B. Bogue ; 1845, Capen Leonard ; in 1846, Thomas Manley; in 1847, Wm. H. Harrison ; in 1848, Reuben Harris ; in 1849, Wm. H. Harrison ; in 1850, Samuel W. Harrison ; in 1851 and 1852, Joseph Parker ; in 1853, Mil ton F. Manley; 1854 and '55, Joseph Wetmore ; 1856 and '7, George W. Barnard ; 1858 and '9, H. F. Baird ; 1860 and '61, Linus Edmonds ; 1862 and '3, Milton F. Manley ; 1864 and '65, Lewis L Winslow ; 1866 and '7, Hiram Baird ; 1868 and '9, Charles Hewett; in 1870, Hiram F. Baird waa elected for 2 years ; in 1872, Roy al W. Barnard elected for 2 years. I believe Nathaniel Ladd was the first representative but I cannot find any record of it. Nathaniel Ladd was the first settler and Anson Ladd, son of Nathaniel, was the first child born iu town. I cannot find any record of the names of persons who have served in any of the wars. I am informed that Jona than Wood & Josiah Pearson served in the Revolutionary War, Thaddeus Baird & Israel Hewett served in the war of 1812. I am un able to give the names of all of those who served in the war of '61, Wallace Noyes and Cyrus Whitcomb died at or near Vicksburg. Arza P. Noyes was killed near Richmond in Kilpatrick's Raid. Martin Clark, C. P. Bar nard, Lewis Martin, L. L. Baird, Valorous Bump, and Wilbur F. Freeman died in the army. I send you copy of a portion of the proprie tors' records previous to the organization of the town, the first and last part of the record is gone. You can obtain the names of some of the first, settlers from them if nothing more. [ The first part of the Record being lost] 9thly, Voted that five pounds be given to Mr. Gershom Beach for charter fees and other incidental charges. lOthly, Voted that this meeting be ad journed to the 2nd Wednesday in April next, to be holden at the dwelling house of Mr. Dan Barnard, in Chittenden, at Ten o'clock in the Morning. Attest, Sam'l Haeeison, pr's clerk. April 13th, 1785. The Meeting is opened according to ad journment that was made from Lt. Barns, lunholder in Rutland, Feb'y 9th, 1785, to the House of Mr. Dan Barnard, in Chitten den, second Wednesday in April, at Ten o'clock, A. M., opened and adjourned to 12 o'clock when said meeting opened and pro ceeded and Firstly, Voted that there be an addition of fifty-five acres to be laid to the second divi sion which was voted to be pitched, of fifty acres for those that come to settle, the same as voted at the meeting at Lt. Barns, the method of pitching to be that the settlers and those that will come and settle by the 1st of Jan'y may have liberty to choose their 2d div. Lot after they are laid out. 2dly, Voted a committee of 4 men to lay out 2d Div'n. 3dly, Voted that Thaddeus Fitch, Esq., Messrs. Elisha Adams, Jabez Olmsted and John Cowee be a committee to lay out said Division. 4thly, Voted that Joseph Harrison and Moses Bartlett go on lo improve and peace ably possess their respective Lots that they have laid out and made improvements there on and that they enjoy the same. Sthly, Voted that the above committee go 550 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. on to lay out the second Division so that thi'V make returns to the clerk if Possible by the ist of July next ensuing. LItlily, Vnleil that there be a committee to lav out tho road in said Town. 7thly, Voted that the above committee that is to lay ont the 2d div. be the commit tee to lay out Eoads. 8thly, Voted that the committee begin to lay out a road at the East line of Chittenden and continue the same Westerly so far as they shall think jiropor, then to divide into two brancheft, one to come out at or near Mr. Nath'l LaddV, the Other to come out at Mr. Dan Barnard's. 'Jthly, Voted that the same committee lay out any other Eoads that may accommodate the settlement of said Township. lOthly, Voted that there be five dollars raised on each Right to defray the charges that may arise in laying out Roads Second division lots cutting and making said roads together with the charter fees and other in cidental charges, &c., &c. llthly. Voted there be a cbllector to col lect said tax. 12thl)' Voted that the collector be tbe un der bidder. ISthly, Voted that Mr. Nathaniel Ladd collect taid Tax at one penny per Pound, he being the under bidder. llthly. Voted that Capt. Seth Keeler be the .Surveyor for the cross roads. 15thly, Voted that Messrs. Nath'l Ladd and Jona. Dike the- surveyors for the roads to be cleared from Pittsfield to where the roads part, then, Mr. Ladd to take the Soutli- ern part and ilr. Dike the Northern part of said Roads. 16thly, Voted that this meeting be ad journed and hereby adjourned to the 2d Wed nesday of July next ensning to be holden at the dwelling House of Mr. Solomon Taylor in Chittenden at 10 o'clock A. M. Sam'l Harkison, Proprietors clerk. Chittenden, July 13th, 17S5. This meeting opened according to an ad journment made from Mr. Dan Barnard's, April ]3tb, to the dwelling house of Mr! SoU'n Taylor, proceeded an J Firstly, Voted that tho accounts of the committee concerning the roads ho accepted and allowed according to the instructions of a veto in April 13th. 2dly, Voted that tbo tax which wns voted on the 13th of April last be paid by the 15th ofS'-pt next ensuing. ¦"nlly, ^'oted that the committee for to lay out llin Roads and 2d divisions, etc., bo al lowed one Dollar per day exclusive of Liq uors. ¦ithly. Voted that the surveyors for the roads be allowed 5 shillings and tho men that work 4s (Id per d.ay. 5thly, A'oted that the time for settling the 2d div. be lengthened until the 15th of Sept Cthly, Voted that Sixteen dollars be al lowed Liquors already expended and to be expended m laying out 2d Div. Road, &c. 7thly, Voted that Messrs. Nath'l Ladd, Sam'l Harrison and Capt. Seth Keeler be a committee to receive and adjust accounts with the committee for laying out Roads 2d Divisions, &c. 8thly, Voted that the clerk shall procure a Book for to record the business of Propri ety Deeds, &c., at the Proprietor's cost. 9thly, Voted that this meeting be adjourn ed until the last Wednesday of Sept , 1786, to be holden at the now dwelling house of .Mr. Nathaniel Ladd in Chittenden at one of the clock, P. M. Sam'l Haeeison, pr's clerk. Whereas the meeting that was holden at Lt. Wm. Barns, Innholder, in Rutland on Feby, 9tb, 1785, on which the other meetings were held by adjournment proved abortive by reason of its not being advertized in the Windsor paper, which according to the laws of this State ought to have been done, there fore application was made by a number of tbe proprietors unto John Strong, Esq., who sent out the following advertisement which was published both in the Bennington and Windsor papers three weeks successively viz.. Whereas application ba-s beeu made to the subscriber by more than one sixteenth part ofthe proprietois of the township of Chit tenden in the county of Rutland and State of Vermont to warn a meeting of said Pro prietors, these are therefore to warn said proprietors to meet at the dwelling house of N,\thaniel Ladd, Innholder, in said Chitten den on the fifteenth day of Dec. at one o'clock P. M. then and there to act ou the following articles, viz. . 1st, to choose a moderator to govern said meeting. 2d, A clerk. 3d, A treasurer. 4th, to see if the proprietors will accept and ratify the surveys and drafts of the first and Second Division. Uth, to see if the proprietors will granta tax to raise monev to defray the costs of Lot ting tbe First antl Second Division, and like wise for laying out and clearing roads in said Township and when met as iiforsaid to transact any business that is proper to be done at said meeting;, .\ddiaon, (j)ct. llth, 1785. John Strong, Justice of Peace. Dec. 15th, 178"), at a meeting of the Pro prietors of the Township of Chittenden, Le- galy warned and holden at Mr. Nath. Ladds, lu Chittenden, proceeded and Firstly Voted that capt. Seth Keeler be the mod erator. 2dly, Voted Sam'l Harrison, Clerk. 3dlv, Voted ilr. Nath'l Ladd, Treasurer. 4thly, Voted that there be a committee for to inspect into the former proceedings of Chittenden meetings. 5thly, Voted that Messrs. Nath'l Ladd, Sam'l Harrison and Nathan Eichardson be the committee. The said Coin, brought in CHITTENDEN. 551 the following report, voted unanimously that we as a committee have inspected the former proceedings of this proprietry, and think that the ninth vote passed at Lieut. Barnes worthy of reconsideration, the meet ing then proceeded to reconsider said vote when after mature deliberation and confir mation of what had formerly passed, 6thly, Voted that the whole of the former proceedings be ratified in full. 7thly, Voted that as the former Tax of Five dollars proves inadequate for the pur pose it was voted that there be a tax of fif teen shillings raised over and above the said Five dollars. 8thly, Voted that there be a committee to inspect into the affairs of the former Com mittee for laying out the 1st Division to make report unto the adjourned meeting. 9thly, Voted That Messrs. Sam'l Harrison, Gideon Cooley and Zeeb Green be the abjve Committee. lOthly, Voted that tbe fifteen Shilling tax be paid by the first of July next. llthly. That the former committee be the committee to inspect into the lots. No. 21 and 49 first Div., and try to do justice to the proprietors. 12thly, Voted Esq. Rowly be allowed 4 shiUings for swearing proprietors' officers. ISthly, Voted That the public roads that run through the Town be four rods, and the cross roads three Rods wide. 14thly, Voted That Mr. Ladd be allowed 5 dollars for his cost and trouble in bringing to life this present Meeting. 15thly, That this meeting be adjourned to the First Tuesday of ilay to be held at the dwelling honse of Mr. Jona. Dike at 10 o'clock A. M. N. B. The Surveyor Committees and Chair men took their Oaths before Thos. Rowley Esq., that they have performed their respect ive duty faithfully in the presence of this Meeting. Attest, Sam'l Haeeison, prs. clerk. May 2, 1786. At a meeting of the propri etors of Chittenden met at the House of Mr, Jonathan Dike in said Chittenden according to adjournment made from Mr. Nathaniel Ladd. Dec. 15th, 1785, proceeded and Firstly, Voted that Mr. Nathaniel Ladd be alloweci 5 dollars more in addition for his trouble in bringing to life this present Meeting, which meeting was first held at his house, Dec. 15th, 1785, and likewise for his trouble in advertising the sale of land &c., &c. (2dly) voted that the outlines of this township be run. 3dly, voted that there be a Comitte for the above purpose. 4thly, voted that Messrs. Gideon Cooley, Elisha Adams and Jabez Olmsted, be said Committe. 5thly, voted that there be another man added to the com mitte for laying out roads. 6thly, voted that Mr. Gideon Cooley be added to that committe. Vthly, voted that £ 30 be allowed out of the fifteen shilling tax, for cutting, cleaning and bridging roads, and the rest laid out in ascer taining the bounds of the Town laying out more highways for the accomodation of the settlement of said township, and the rest, if any there be, lie in the treasury for necessary uses. 8thly, voted that tbare be ten dollars laid out for laying, cutting and clearing the new road to accomodate the new settlers iu the north-west part of the 'lown. 9lbly, vot ed that the £ 27 reserved for the roads be disposed of in the following manner, viz., Irom Mr. Dan Barnard's to Mr. Solomon Taylor's, then from the Town line near Jona than Dikes, to Mr. Solomon Taylor's, thence east to meet the roads that come from Rut land and Pittsford, by Mr. Ladd's, likewise the roads from Pittsford line by Mr. Ladd's, thence easterly to where the road meet then to continue in conjunction lo Pittsford also the road from Mr. SoUomon Taylor's to Mr. N. Ladd's. lOthly, voted that Mr. Nathaniel Ladd en joy and peaceably possess a tractof land which lieth between Nos. 4 and 5 first Divisions as a third Division lot, it containing between 50 and 60 acres, llthly, voted that Messrs. Ja bez Edgerton and Amasa Ladd who drew the lots Nos. 21 and 49 1st Div. have each of them a chance to pitch a third Division lot lo com pensate them for their first Div. lots as the committee reported. 12thly, voted that those who lived in this Town at the first life of this present meeting shall have the privilege of pitching and hold ing their lots according to the tenor of tha vote passed on Feb'y, 9th, 1785, without be ing obliged to settle the same. 13thly, vo ted this meeting be adjourned until tbe 19th of Sept. next to meet at this house of Mr. Jonathan Dike at 10 o'clock, A. M. Attest, Sam0el Haeeison, Pr's Clerk. Chittenden, Sept. 19th, 1786, At a meeting of the proprietors of the Township of Chitten den, met at the House of Mr. Jonathan Dike according to an adjournment made on 2d of May, 1786, to this date at 10 o'clock, A. M. opened and firstly voted that Capt. Seth Keeler be the Moderator. 2dly, voted that tbe Road voted for the accommod.ition of the Settlers at the north-west corner oi the Town be established as it is now surveyed. 3dly, voted that Messrs. Elisha Adams, John Bancroft and Gershom Beach be a com mittee to adjust accounts wilh Mr. N. Ladd the collector of the first tax. 4lhly, voted tnat thare be a committe to make a draught of the second Division, and to determine who have settled according the former votes 5thly, voted that Messrs. Nathaniel Ladd, Zeb Green and Samuel Harrison be the said committe. 6lhly, voted that Mr. Williams who hath done work on No. 21, 2d Division be reconed as one of the settlers. 7thly, vot ed that the draught made by the above com mitte here in open meeting of the 2d Divis ions be confirmed. 8tbly, voted that the Great Meadows be out in an equal manner as to quantity, and the lots be drawn for. , 9lhly, voted, Messrs. Gideon Cooley, Zeb 553 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Green and James Cowe be a committee to lay out the tracts cf land called the Great ilead- ows. lOthly, voted that this meeting be ad journed and is hereby adjuurned to the first Wednesday in April next at 10 o'clock A. M. to be liolden at the dwelling house of ilr. Jonathan Dike. Attest, Samuel Haeeison, Clerk. Chittenden 4th of April, 17^7, at a ileet- ing of tho proprietors of tbe Township of l.:iiiiteiiden met at the House of ilr. Jona than Dike according to an adjournment made Sept. liltli, 17S6, to the day of this date at 10 o'clock A. M. 0])ened and firstly vote! that as ilr. Green had his House burnt and Mr. John Cowe the surveyor that laid a con siderable part of the roads in this township lost his papers containing part of said sur veys by tne aforesaid, by reason of his Boarding at the said Mr. Greens that tbare be a committe of three men lay out the roads to be laid out and likewise to see whether it is best lo alter them from whare they were formerly surveyed by said Mr. John Cowe. 2ndly, voted that ile.ssrs. Gideon Cooley, Jabez Olmsted and Jonathan Dike be the above mentioned committe. 3dl}', voted that the 4th Division lots be pitched. 4thly, voted that the 4th Division consist of one hundred acres. 5lhly, voted that w o ever Pitches a lot and can ascertain the same and brings it for record to tbe Clerks Office, the first so brought shall hold the land if not actually surveyed. 6thly, voted that tbe three 2d Division lots upon the south line of the Town viz., Nos. 66, 57 aud 58 are supposed to be part of thern out of Town if in case any considerable part of them proves out, the men that own, may throw them up and make a pitch in any oth er part of the Town not yet hud out, not to interfere with tbe (^ireat ileadows or any other 4tb Division lot that may be Pitched before. 7thly, voted that this meeting be ad journed and is hereby adjourned until the 2d Wednesday of November, \~^~, to open at 10 o'clock A. M,, to meet at the dwelling house of Mr. SoUomon Taylor, in Chittenden. Attest, Samuel Haerison, P. Clerk. Chittenden, Nov. llth, 17'^7, .\t a Propri etors mnoling holden by adjournment from the honse iMr. Jonathan Dike, April 4th, 17.S7, to the House, of Mr. Solomon Taylor, priic led and firstly voted that the siirvevs run by Mr. Whitiiov, surveyor, lie accepted. 2iJly, vot(»l that Capt, Seth 'ivcoler hold an. 1 pea.-.'alily p.issess tho H,". acres laid out at the south cii.l of No. 3, 21 Division, 3dly, vot ed that th.. 1st 100 acres that was laid be called a first Division, the 2d hun.lrod as a 2d Division, the Cr. at Mi.adows us il 3d Di vision, and the Divisions which is already Pit.hed and lo be Pitched, a 4th Division and that those Pitched Divisions recorded as a third Division, shall be changed into a fourth. 4thly, voted that Natiianiel Chip- man hold _ the lot as a first Division that was drawn to Thomas Spring as a first Di vision, upon this discovery that said Chip- man had no first Division lot drawn ,and Spring bad two by reason of the committees not knowing wbich of the two was an addi tional Proprietor. . 5thlj', voted that Mr. Jesse Burk be allowed to pitch his 2d Di vision his lot which was drawn lo him being laid uppon 49, 1st Division and this meeting has allowed his Pitch that is surveyd to him as a second and third. 6thly, voted that Mr Nathaniel Chipman's 2d Division be taken up, It interfering upon 48 first Div. and that .\Ir. James Berry the present owner be al lowed to Pitch another lot and it be laid out uppon the proprietors cost. 7thly, voted the money to be raised be laid out m tbe lollow- ing manner, viz., £60 to he laid in conjunc tion upon the great road from Mr. Ladds to Pitt-forl, and from Mr. Barnards to Pittsford line, and ten pounds Betwene the great roads, ten poun.is south of the great roads anl Ten poun.ls North of the great roads, and that there be .surveyors appointed to lay out the same money. 8tbly, vote! that ilessrs. Nath'l La.ld and Jonathan Dike be surveyoi-s for the great roads, ilr. Nathaniel Ladd for the road .south of the great road and Lient. Ren- ben Cooley for tbe middle road and Mr. Dan. Barnard on the road north of tbe great road. 9tblv, voted that 4-6 per day be allowed for wOrfe on road till it reach the height of land, 5 shillings per day for those that work over the beigut lOthly, voted that thare be a committe to adjust accounts wit'i the committe to lay out the Great ileadows and to draw the same and that Capt. Seth Keeler, Messrs. Gershon Beach and Samuel Harrison be the said committee. llthly, voted that Capt. Joseph Crary draw a complete Plan of this Town npon a parchment it it can be procured upon the Proprietors cost. 12thly, voted that thia meeting be a.ljourned to tbe 2d Wednesday of December at this present place to open at ten o'clock, A. il. Samuel Haeeison, Proprietors' Clerk. CLARENDON. BY H. u. SPOFFORD, ESQ. This township is an agricultural region without villages, the inhabitants being de voted almost exclusively to fanning. The population in 1S60, w.is l,2-'.7, 211 less than it was in 1791. There are five post-offices within tho town, viz.: Clarendon, Claren don Springs, East Clarendon, Chippenhook Springs and North Clarendon. The town is divided near tbe center by Otter Creek, which runs through from south to north. West of tbe Creek a, range of hills extends through tbe lown called West ilountain, to the west of wbich is Furnace Brook, which also runs CLARENDON. 55'5 through the town from south to north. Clarendon is a beautiful township. If to day you stand upon West Mountain and look to the east, at your feet Otter Creek rolls his dark waves through the broad in tervals,* Mill River, bursting through the deep gorge below Kingsley's mill, enters the creek on the south, while the crystal waters of Cold River come dashing down from the mountain heights of Mendon and Shrews- bnty to mingle with those of the creek on the north. Beyond the intervals gently rise the loamy uplands, and yet further east rise Bald and Round mountains, and above these rise Pico and Mendon and Shrewsbury peaks, while Killington as monarch of the mountains, crowned wilh clouds, overlooks the scene. Ou the south, the White Eocks of Wallingford picture the landscape, and on the north the spires anu domes of Rutland glitter in the sun, while on the Rutland road you see the iron-horse dashing through the sand-hills of East Clarendon as it pursues its northern course ; and tbe line of smoke along old Otter's flowery banks shows where another train is flying over tbe Bennington Eoad. All the landscape before you is diver sified by hill and valley, with forest and meadow and fields of waving grain ; dotted completely over with farm-houses ; with school-houses on the hills and in the valleys, and church spires pointing heavenward, pro claiming the abode of a civilized, intelligent and Christian people. Now if you turn back again the leaves of time, one century and a quarter, you behold an unbroken forest thatfor uncounted ages had covered this valley. One hundred and twen ty-five years had passed away since tbe Puri tan placed his foot on Plymouth Rock, and the English colonies had extended along the At lantic from Maine to Georgia. More than a century had passed away since the Engl ish had settled at Springfield on the Connecticut, the French at Montreal, the Dutch at Albany ; and as yet no white man had made his cabin in this Solitude. Even the red man made it not his home ; here no Indian built his wig wam, no tribe lit their council fires. This waa rather part of the common hunting and battle-ground of the fierce Pequods of the South, the warlike Iroquois of the West, and the bloodthirsty Algonquins and Coos- * The intervalB in Clarendon are nearly a mile wide la aome places, and very fertile. suks of the North-east. What bloody battles have been fought upon this soil between those warlike and hostile tribes, no pen can ever tell. You gaze on this solitude and the years roll by, you hear the thunder of cannon come echoing over the forest from fort William Henry, Crown Point, and Ticon deroga, proclaiming that the battle flags that ages before bad been drenched in blood on the red fields of Cressy, of Poicters, and Agincourt had again met in deadly hostility in the solitude of the wilderness. You see the hunter soldier with his knapsack and gun on his shoulder, as he passes through this valley on the old Crown Point road by East Clarendon through the Strong farm to the field of battle, look with longing eyes on these fertile lauds ; yet no settlement was made — for this remained disputed and dan gerous ground, until Wolf scaled the rock of Quebec and mingling his blood with that of Montcalm on the plains of Abraham, decided the contest between England and France for the empire of this western world in 1759. When the white man came ¦ With steel and with flame, And the forest of glooDi Turned to gardens of hloom. The township of Clarendon was claimed under three different titles, 1st the Lydius title, from Col. John Henry Lydius an In dian trader of Albany, who claimed to have purchased a tract of land extending 60 miles southerly from the mouth of Otter Creek, by 24 miles in width, of the Mohawk Indians in 1732, which was confirmed lo him by a grant of Gov. Shirley of Massachusetts in 1744. Lydius in the year 1760, divided the tract (on paper) into 35 townships of 36 square miles each, numbering and giving names lo each township. No. 7, which is supposed to be nearly identical with the present town of Clarendon, he called Durham.* 2d. Under the New Hampshire title by grant of Gov. Wentworth of the township of Clarendon, dated Sept. 5, 1761. 3d. Under the New York title by the grant of Socialborough issued by Gov. Dun more, of New York, dated Apr. 3, 1771, which included Rutland and Pittsford and about 4 square miles of the north part of Clarendon ; and by the New York patent of Durham is sued by Gov. Tryon, Jan. 7, 1772. * Hall's Early History of Vermont. 554 VERMONT HISTORICAL M.iGAZINE. Most of the first settlers were from Rhode Island, and held their land under a lease from Lydius by which they were to pay him the rent of one pepper corn a year, each year, for the first 20 years, and 53. a year for each year lhoreart..r, for every 100 acres of im- provaaMe land. Tie sellleruent was commenced by Elka- nah Cook in the year 1708, Randall Rice, Benjamin Johns an.l others joined him the same year.* Jacob Marsh, Daniel Marsh, Amos ilarsh, Oliver Arnold, and Whitefleld Foster, came into town in 1769, and settled near tbe creek in that part of Clarendon included in the New York grant of Socialborough. They worked together clearing the land the fir.-t year, the next year brought on their families. In the summer of 1771, William Cockburn attempted to survey the grant of Socialbo rough ; but was driven off by the threats of tbe settlers under the New Hampshire title, as will be seen by the following extracts from a letter, written on his return to Albany, lo James D«ane one of the New York grantees. "Albany Sept. 10, 1771. The people of Durham assured me, these men (the New Hampshire claimants) intend ed to murder us if we did not go from thence, f-nd advised me by all means to desist run ning. * * * On my assuring them 1 would survey no more in those parts we were permitted to proceed along the Crown Point road, with the hearty prayers of the women that we never return. * * Marshes survey is undone as I did not care to venture myself that way. * * Will Cookbouek." Jacob ilarsh of Clarendon, alluded to above, purchase.! of James Duane, William Cockburn and 16 other New York grantees of Socialborough a tract of land the deed of which is dated Jan. 9. 1772. The tract con tained 600 acres and was include. I in the grant of Socialborough and lies mostiv with in the present limits of tho town of Claren don, and oxten.led from the farm now owno.l by H. II. Dyer, Ks.p, soulhorly to the south lino of Sooialliorough, which run a few rods north of the present resi.lonce of lion. John L, Marsh. An.l from Otter Creek on the w.'st, to the Co.dcburn road on the east. Tho Cockburn road being what is now ilain St. in Rutland running on a straight line into Clarendon. This tract was divided between tha six settlers who had first • Thompson. settled on il under the Lydius title, Jacob Marsh occupying what is now known as the Strong farm, Amos Marsh the Nelson farm, Daniel ilarsh, the Plait farm, Oliver Ar nold the Webb farm, Whitefield Foster the Ross farm. The old Crown Point road which passed through Clarendon bad been frequent ly traversed by the citizen soldier on bis way lo and from the scenes of conflict near the lakes, and the beauty of location and fertility of the soil being known, the settlement rap idly increased and soon the primeval forests that had so long shaded the land became spotted with clearings, and the settlers cabins were thickly scattered over hill and valley throughout the town. Tbe first settlers who had cleared anl improved tbeir lands under the Lydius title, soon found themselves in a dispute with others who afterwards came in and claimed the same lands nnder the New Hampshire title. And the Lydius title proving worthless, they were induced by the representations of New York land adventur ers to seek protection from the New Hamp shire claimants, by obtaining a grant under the government of New York, although it was well known that tbe king had in 1767. forbidden tbe issuing any such grant. They accordingly made an arrangement with Mr, Duane to procure the patent of Durham which was issued by Gov. Tryon, Jan. 7, 1772, and wdiich purported to grant 32,000 acres in shares of 1(X)0 acres each to 32 individuals by name, and which included all the land in Clarendon .south of Socialborough. By agree ment ilr. Duane and his New York City friends, were to have 14,225 acres (nearly one half the land.) Mr. Duane's share was 4740 acres. " By this means the interests of the ' Durhamites' as they were afterwards called by the New Hampshire claimants became fully indentified witb that of the New York City speculators."f An.l, both the Now Hampshire and the -Xow York claimants attempting to occupy the same land, much controversy and fre quent collisions between the Yorkers and the Green Mountain Boys resulted in conse quence. Jacob Marsh, of Socialborough, having bought his land of the New York grantees, became foremost in advocating the New York and discrediting the New Hampshire title. lie was appointed a, justice of the t Hall's Early Hiatory, p. 169. CLARENDON. 555 peace for the New York county of Charlotte, and is claimed to have been the ablest York er in Clarendon. Benjamin Spencer who lived in the south part of Durham, and who is represented by Ira Allen in his history as " an artful, in triguing and designing man," appears to have been the most active and influential leader of the Yorkers in that vicinity. He was a New York justice of the peace and an assistant judge. He was one of the princi pal actors in obtaining the patent of Dur ham, his name heading the petition. He was an active agent of the New York specu lators in their attempts to obtain the land and expel those settlers who had purchased under the New Hampshire title from their homes. His efforts, instead of being success ful, roused the deiermined hostility of the Green Mountain Boys, and involved himself in difficulty. Ou the llth of April, 1772, he wrote to Mr. Duane that "The New Hampshire men strictly forbid any further survey being made only under the New Hampshire title, which riotous spirit has prevented many inhabitants set tling this spring. You may ask why I do not proceed against them in a due course of law, but you need not wonder when I tell you it has got to that the people go armed and guards are set in the roads to examine people, what their busiuess is and where they are going * * and it has got to that they say tbey will not be brought to justice by this province, and they bid defiance to any authority in the province. We are threatened at a distance of being turned off our lands and our crops destroyed. * * One Ethan Allen hath brought from Connect icut twelve or fifteen of the most blackguard fellows he can get, double armed, in order to protect him." In May he wrote as follows : " The tumults have got to such a height that I cannot travel about to do my lawful business ! indeed, I cannot with safety travel two miles from home ; I am threatened of having my house burnt over my head, and the rest of the inhabitants driven out of their possessions in Durham. * * The Hampshire people swear that no man shall stay on these disputed lands that favors the government in any shape whatever. The people of Socialborough prevent any settle ment at present, swearing that they will shoot the first man that attempts lo settle under a title derived from New York." These threats, uttered for the purpose of intimidation, were never executed. But as Spencer, Marsh, Button and Jenney contin ued their efforts as New York officers lo ex ercise authority and support the New York title, and new occupations ol land were made, the struggle grew more earnest and bitter, and increased in importance until the valley of Clarendon became the Gettysburg field ou which the adherents of New York and the Green Mountain Boys struggled, not only for their homes and friends, but for the do minion of Vermont ; for had the Yorkers succeeded here, they would have gained a position "that might enable them to over throw all the other New Hampshire char ters."* And Vermont would have henceforth been a province of New York, and all its glorious history as a separate State would never have been written. Aware of the importance of the crisis, the Green Mountain Boys deiermined that none of the New York officers should exercise authority over the disputed territory ; and that the Durhamites should be compelled by force, if milder measures should fail, to sepa rate their interests from that of their New York City associates, and acknowledge tha validity of New Hampshire title, by pur chasing and holding under it.* Accordingly, a hundred Green Mountain Boys, led by Ethan Allen, marched to Dur ham early in the autumn of 1773. Spencer fled on their approach and was not to be found. Allen invited the Durhamites lo re pent of their New York attachments, and ac knowledge the validity of the New Hamp shire title, and threatened violence if they did not comply within a specified lime. Hop ing they would comply with bis request, Allen and his party retired without doing any violence to the Durhamites. But tbe Justices continued to issue writs against the New Hampshire men, and the Durhamites, led on by Marsh and Spencer, loudly advocated the New York title,! ^^^'^ Allen and his party soon after made them a second visit of which Gov. Hall gives the fol lowing account in his "Early History of Ver mont" ¦- "In order to be sure of capturing Spencer, a party of some twenty or thirty men un der the lead of Ethan Allen and Remember Baker went to his house about 11 o'clock on Saturday night, the 20th of November and took him into custody. He was carried about two miles, to the house of one Green. and there kept under guard of four men un til Monday morning when he was taken to the house of Joseph Smith, of Durham, inn keeper." • Hall's Early History. t HaU, Dupuy. 556 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Being informed that he was to be put on trial for his offence against the New Hamp shire men, he was asked where he would choose to be tried ; to which he replied that he was not guilty of any crime, but that if he must be tried he would prefer that the place should be at his own door. This favor was readily conceded to him. By this time the number of the Green ilountain Boys had increased to about 130, all armed wilh guns and cutlasses, etc. The people of Clarendon, (aUas Durham) with many from Social borough, having notice of what w.as going on were also assembled to witness the proceed ing. Before co'jamencing the trial, Allen ad dressed the multitude alsome length, inform ing them that " the proprietora of the New Hampshire Grants had appointed himself, Seth Warner, Eemember Baker and Robert Cockran lo inspect and sel things in order, and see that there should be no intruders on the grants,'' declaring among other Ihings that " Durham had become a hornets' nest," which must be broken up. After concluding his harangue, the rioters proceeded to erect what they styled " n. judgment seat," upon which Ethan Allen, Remember Baker, Seth Warner and Eobert Cochran took tbeir places as judges. Spencer was then ordered to stand before them, to take off his hat and lis ten to tbe accusations against him. Allen then charged him with cuddling with the land jobbers of New York to prevent the claim ants of the New Hampshire rights from hold ing the lauds they claimed, and with issuing a warrant as a justice of the peace contrary to their orders ; and Eemember charged bim wilh accepting a commission as magistrate in the colony of New York, and having acted as magistrate in pursuance thereof, contrary to their orders, and of having represented tbeir bad conduct in a letter by him wrote and sent lo New York, and of having con veyed a piece of laud by title derived under a grant obtained in the colonv of Xew York, and with endeavoring to in. luce and inveigle the people to be subject to the laws and gov ernment of the colony of N.'W York. Of all tho offences his judges found him guilty, and declaring his hou.se to be a nui sance, passed sentence that it should be burned to the ground, and that he should promise he would not for the future act as a justice of the peace under New York. But upon Spencer's representation that hig wife and children would be great sufferers, hia store of dry goods and all his property would be destroyed if his house was burned, the sentence was reconsidered and upon the suggestion of Warner, it was decided the house should not be wholly destroyed, but only the roof should be taken off, and might be put on again provided Spencer should say that it was put on again under the New Hampshire title and should purchase a right under the charter of that province. Spencer having promised compliance with these terms, the Green ilountain Boys proceeded lo take off the roof " with great shouting and much noise and tumult.'' Spencer on his further promise not to act again as a magistrate, was discharg.;d from custody. A company of 20 or 30 of the " mob party " went to the house of coroner Jenny and finding him missing and his house deserted, set it on fire and burned it to the ground, ilost or all of the other inhabitants of Clarendon who held un der the New York patent, being visited and threat med, agreed to purchase the New Hampshire title. . Jacob ilarsh, on his return home from New York City, when passing Arlington, was met by Warner and Baker and others return ing home from Durham, who arrested him and tried him for his offences against the Green ilountain Boys. He was accused and convicted of having purcha.sed land under the New York title, and of discouraging settlers under the New Hampshire title. Of having accepted a commission and acted as a justice of the peace under the authority of New York. Baker accused him of threateuing to proceed against him as a magistrate, for blas phemy, for damning the government and laws of New York, after he had ordered ilarsh not to act as a magistrate. And Baker in- si-te.l that he be sentenced to receive the ¦' beach seal." But the sentence of the juilg.s, as rea.l to him by Warner, "was to the etfect that he encourage the settlement of lands under the New Hampshire charters and .lisconrage those under New York, and that he should nol act ,as justice of the peace un- .l.T a New York commission ' upon pain of having bis bouse burned and reduced to ashes and his person punished at their pleasure.' ' His judges then gave him the following cortificate and dismissed him : "Arlington, Novr. 25th, A. D. 1773. Ihese may Sertify that Jacob Marsh haith CLARENDON. 557 ben Examined, and had on faro trial so that our mob shall not raedeal farther with him as long as he behaves." Sartified by us his judges to wit Sam'l Tubs, Nathaniel Spbnoee, Philip Peert." Teste Ct. Seth Waenee. On his return to his home in Clarendon, he found the roof of his house had been tak en off and other damage done his property in his absence, by a party of 40 or 50 armed men unjjer the lead of John Smith, Peleg Sunderland and Silvan as Brown. About the same time Charles Button, the New York constable, who resided in the south part of Clarendon, on the farm now owned by N. J. Smith, Esq., " was arrested in Pittsford and a prisoner he had in charge for debt was taken from his custody. But ton was put on trial for acting in the office nnder the New York authority, threatened with the ' beech-seal,' and compelled to give the parly six shillings for his damages, and to* "promise he would never execute any precept under the province of New York." He was then furnished with the following certificate and dismissed : " These are to certify to all the Green Mountain Boys, that Charles Button has had his trial at Stephen Meads and this is his dis charge from us. Peles Sundeeland, Benjamin Cooley." Charles Button afterwards acted with the Green Mounta,in Boys. And his desoendents some of whom now live on or near his old place in Clarendon, have honorably filled some of the highest offices in the town and county. While it was deemed absolutely necessary for the general security of the New Hamp shire claimants that the Durhamites should be compelled to purchase their lands under that title. Allen and his friends were determined that they should not be compelled to pay un reasonable prices for them, and soon after his return from his expedition against the Durhamites, he addressed them the following letter, which was afterwards transmitted to the Governor of New York, and laid before his council. " To Mr. Benjamin Spencer, and Amos Marsh and thepeople of Clarendon in general: Gentlemen : — On my return from what you call the mob, I was concerned for your wel- ¦* Hall fare, fearing that the force of our arms would urge you to purchase the New Hampshire title at an unreasonable rate, though at the same time, I know not but that after the force is withdrawn, you will want a third army. However, on proviso, you incline to purchase the title aforesaid it is my opinion that yon in justice ought to have it at a rea sonable rate, as new lands were valued at the time yuu purchased them. This with sundry other arguments in your behalf I laid before Capt. Jehiel Hawley and other re spectable gentlemen of that place (Arlington,) and by their advice and concurrence I write this f iendly epistle, into which they sub scribe their names with me that we are dis posed to assist you in purchasing reasonably as aforesaid; and on condition Col. Willard or any other person demand an exhorbitant price for your lands, we scorn it, and will assist you in mobbing such avaricious per sons, for we mean to use force against oppres sion, and that only, be it in New York, Willard or any other person, it is injurious to the rights of iHe^ district. From yours to serve, Ethan Allen, Gideon Hawlet, Jehiel Hawlet, Eeuben Hawlet, Daniel Castle, Abel Hawley. Furthermore, we are of opinion this letter, communicates the general sense of our grants." After a few days, he again wrote to the inhabitants of Clarendon as follows: " An Epistle to the inhabitants of Clarendon. From Mr. Francis Madison of your town, I understand Oliver Colvin of your town has acted the infamous part, by locating part of the farm of said Madison. This soit of trick I was partly apprised of when I wrote the late letter to Messrs. Spencer and Marsh. I abhor to put a staff into the hands of Colvin, or any other rascal to defraud your settlers. The New Hampshire title must, nay shall be had for such settlers as are in quest of it, at a reasonable rate nor shall any villian by a sudden purchase impose on the old settlers. I advise said Colvin to be flogged for the abuse aforesaid unless he immediately retracts and reforms, and if there be any further difi- culties among you I advise that you employ Capt. Warner as an arbitrator in your afl'airs. I am certain he will do all parties justice. Such candor you need in. your present situa tion for I assure you it is not the design of our mobs to betray you into the hands of villain ous purchases. None but blockheads would purchase your farms and must be treated as such. If this letter does not settle this dis pute you had better hire Capt. Warner to come singly and assist you in the settlement of your affairs. My business is such that I cannot attend to your matters in person but desire you would inform me by writing or otherwise relative thereto, Capt Baker joins with the foregoing and does me the honor lo subscribe his name with me. We are gentlemen your friends to serve, Ethan Allen, Eemembee Bakee." 658 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. In consequence of the violent proceedings of the Green Mountain Boys in Durham, the subject having been brought before the New York assembly by petition of Benjamin Hugh, of Socialborough, a reward of £ 100 each was offered for the apprehension of Ethon Allen and Eemember Baker, and £ 50 each for the apprehension of either Seth Warner, Robert Cochran, Peleg Sunderland, John Smith, James Breakenridge or Silvanus Brown. And the "despotic and infamous" New York law of Maroh, 1774, was passed. A law which adjudged and deemed the Green Mountain Boys to be convicted and attainted of felony and to suffer death without trial and without benefit of clergy in case they did not deliver themselves up lo the New York authorities within seventy days after the or der to do so had been published in certain newspapers. To this law which " terminated every prospect of peace," Allen and his associates returned a bold and defiant answer assuring any person disposed to arrest them " that al though they have a license by the law aforesaid to kill us ; and an ' indemnification ' for such murder from the same authority ; yet they have no indemnification for so doing from the Green Mountain Boys." None of the Yorkers in Clarendon seem to have made any further resistance lo the Green Mountain Boys, except Benjamin Hough, who returning from New York, where he had spent the winter advocating the passage of the odious law of March 9tb, to his house in the North part of the town, brought with him a commission as a New York justice of the peace, dated three days after the passage of the obnoxious law. He attempted to act as a magistrate under the authority of New York and loudly denounced the rioters. He was active and troublesome, and although repeatedly warned and threatened if he did not desist, proceeded in his course until the Groen Mountain Boys became so indignant that they cletermined to silence and make an example of him. On the night of the 26th Dec. 1774, ho was arrested by a parly of his neighbors, carrie.l in a sleigh lo tho house of Col. John Spafford in Tinmouth and from there to Sunderland whore he was kept under guard until the Monday, Jan. 30, 1775, when he was tried for his offences by the assembled Green Mountain Boys, Ethan Allen, Seth Warner, Robert Cochran, Peleg Sunderland, James Mead, Gideon Warren, Jesse Sawyer, acting as judges, found guilty, and sentenced " to be tied to a tree and receive two hundred lashes on the naked back, and then as soon as he should be able, should depart the New Hampshire grants and not return again till his majesty's pleasure should be known in the premises on pain of receiving five hun- drecl lashes " * after the sentence was read to him by Ethan Allen, he was tied to an apple tree in front of Allen's house and the sentence put in execution with unsparing severity. On Hough's request, Allen in defiant contempt" of the Government of New York, ^rnished bim the following certificate, observing as he handed it lo Hough, that taken in connec tion with the receipt on his back, it would no doubt be admitted as legal evidence in the coutts of New York, although the king's warrant. Gov. Wentworth's sign manual and the great seal of New Hampshire were not. " Sundeeland, January 30, 1775. This may certify the inhabitants of the New Hampshire Grants that Benjamin Hough hath this day received a full punish ment for his crimes committed against this country; and our inhabitants are ordered lo give him, the said Suff, a free and unmolest ed passport toward the city of New York, or to the Westward of our Grants, he behaving himself as becometh. Given under our hands the day and date aforesaid. Ethan Allen, Seth Waenee." The next day Hough repaired to New York, where he gave, under oath, before the chief justice, a full account of his trial and punishment; and petitioned the council for protection against the rioters. The council being unable to protect him, and he being destitute of the means of support, tbey gave him a license to beg in the streets of New York. And the New York assembly unani mously voted an additional reward of £50 each for " apprehending .and confining in jail Ethan Allen, Seth \Varner, Robert Cochran and Peleg Sunderland, and £50 for apprehend ing and securing James ilead, Gideon War ren nnd Jes-te Sawyer, or either of them, so that tbey can be brought to justice for assist ing the first four mentioned persons in com mitting sundry violent outrages on the per son of one of his Majesty's justices of the peace for the county of Charlotte." This was the dying effort of the colonial government of New York against the New Hampshire grants.f The American Revolu tion, soon after, overshadowed all other * Dupuy, Thompson t Thompson, CLAEENDON. 559 questions. The New Hampshire claimants in Clarendon were generally Whigs, while the Yorkers, with few exceptions, were Tories, most of them taking protection pa pers from Burgoyne, and some actively tak ing part wilh the enemy. Thomas Brayton was the delegate from Clarendon to the Dor set convention of July 24, 1776, and the only one of that body of 50 members who refused to subscribe an association, pledging their lives and fortunes in support of the American cause. He afterwards became an active tory. Clarendon was not represent ed in the Dorset convention of Sept. 25, and a."! the majority of the inhabitants were torie«, " the friends of liberty'' were directed to choose a committee of safety and conduct their affairs as in other towns." Benjamin Spencer represented Clarendon in the convention of June, 1777, at Windsor, and united with the other members of that body in a solemn pledge to stand by the declaration for a new Stale, and to resist by arms the fleet and armies of Great Brit ain. And he so far won the confidence of the Green Mountain Boys that he was ap pointed a member of the Council of Safely by the Windsor Convention of July, 1777. But he joined the enemy on the approach of Burgoyne, and is said to bave died at Ti conderoga a few weeks afterwards. Jacob Marsh left about the same time, and is sop- posed to have died at Saratoga. After the battle of Hubbardton the town was mostly deserted by its inhabitants. Oliver Arnold, the sailor farmer, who commenced to clear his land by climbing the trees and limbing before felling them, remained, and was taken prisoner by a party of British and compelled to drive his oxen with a load of corn to the British army, from whence he afterwards effected his escape by means of a forged pass. The records of Clarendon, previous lo 1778, are lost. Stephen Arnold was town clerk in 1778, and held the office 21 years. He was the grandfather of the great Statesman, Stephen Arnold Douglas, and was a man of integrity, a member of the church ; but found it impossible, on exciting occasions, to over come the habit of profanity acquired in early life. On one occasion, attempting to pull a woodchuck out of a cleft in a rock, he got his fingers into the animal's mouth, when he poured forth a volume of oaths so extraordi nary that he was arraigned before the church lo answer therefor, bnt after a careful hear ing of the case he was excused for swearing when a woodchuck bit his fingers. After the Revolution the returning settlers found themselves involved in many quarrels and lawsuits regarding the titles to their lands, which continued until the Legislature passed the quieting act, which gave the set tlers the farms they had purchased in good faith, and cleared and cultivated ; which left no school or other publio lots in town. Daniel Marsh who it appears took protec tion papers from the British and sympa thized with the enemy, returned to Claren don, and Dec. 16, 1782, the lown " voted lo receive him as a good, wholesome inhabi tant." He attempted to get possession of his old farm, a part of which he found occu pied by Silas Whitney. A lawsuit followed in which Marsh was twice beaten. He then appealed to the Legislature which passed an act in June, 1785, giving him the possession of the farm " until he had an opportunity of recovering his betterments ; " for which act the Legislature was severely censured by the first council of Censors of which Judge In crease Mosely, of Clarendon, was president. During the struggle between Marsh and Whitney for the possession of the disputed land, one party would sow and the other reap, one party would put a tenant into the house, and the other party would put him out by force and put in another tenant who in turn would be put out by force by the other party. On one occasion, Whitney, wilh several hands, mowed a large quantity of grass on the disputed meadow, and Marsh, obtaining help, drew it all off, when Whitney was eating his dinner. This is but one instance of the many quarrels in which conflicting land titles involved the settlers of the fertile lands of Clarendon — so fertile that the fables told of their productiveness rivaled those now told of the West. Silas Whitney, visiting his relatives in Ehode Island, claimed that on the Clarendon inter vales he could raise ears of corn 10 feet long; and in the following summer, , when visited by his friends who wished to see his long corn, he was prepared to make good his boast, and showed them several ears over 10 feet long, suspended from the ridge-pole of his corn-barn, which he had made that length by joining and pinning short ears together. Whitney was digtinguished for 560 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. politely assenting to the remarks of any one with whom he was conversing, especially if he had been taking a drop of " ardent." When Capt. Euel Parker raised his tavern on the North Flat, Whitney returned bome in company wilh a certain individual called "Uncle Billy," who, when under the influence of spirits, was incline.! lo preach, an.l as both he and Whitney had taken freely of " Euel's" toddy, they soon became leg-weary and got down beside the fence when the following conversation ensued ; Billy says, " You'll go to hell, sir." Whitney replies, " Yes, sir." Billy. " And I shall go to hell, too, sir." Whitney. Yes, sir, just so, sir." Billy. " But I shall go ten fathoms deeper than von will, sir.'' Whitney. "Yes, sir, just so, sir, exactly so, sir.'' Billy. " The reason / shall go so much deeper than you will, sir, is because I know BO much more than you do, sir.'' Whitney. "Yes, sir, just so, sir, precisely so, sir." Among those who have lived in Claren don was the far-famed Judge Theophilus Harrington, who refused to return the fugi tive slave to bis master without a " bill of Bale from Almighty God." James Small, who fought nnder Nelson at Trafalgar. Mrs. Sprague, one of the first settlers, died in 1838 at the age of 104 years. Her son, Durham Sprague, was the first child born in Clarendon. Nathan Lounsbery, a soldier of the Eev- lulion, who died in this town about 1850, at the age of 102 years. MILITAET. Clarendon is nearly the geographical cen ter of Eutland Counly, and the surrounding mountains have often echoed tbe thunder of cannon and the roll of musketry as its broad intervals trembled to the trea.i of tho assembled militia of the County as tliey went through the evolutions of mimic war. And her sons, wlios.. youthful imaginations may have been fired by such scenes of mar tial pageantry havo ever been ready in man hood's prime to respond to the calls of their country to enter the scenes of real strife. In the war of 1812, Alexander While, Eufus and Jonathan Parker and others volunteered. In the Mexican war, Sobieska Parker, Henry Grossman, Moses Chaplin and Mar shall Houghton assisted in bearing tbe starry flag of the Northern Eepublic over the red fields of Contreras, Molina Del Rey, Churu busco and Chapultepec, and plant it in tri umph over the halls of the Montezumas. Houghton sleeps in that sunny land ; Cross- man returned with an empty sleeve, and Chaplin, charging up the rocky ramparts of Chapultepec with broken musket over the body of the fallen Eansom, won for himself the prou.l title of the " bravest of the brave.'' And when the Union flag was torn from Sumter's walls, and Treason dyeing its hand In the blood of the brave, Spread over this land The gloom of the grave, then Clarendon's sons were among the first of the 34,000 Vermonters who left their homes among the green hills, and dared the dangers of the battle-field at their country's call. Moses W. Leach, Henry Webb, James Congdon and Alonzo E. Smith were the first to enlist, and marching with the van, stood npon the first battle-field of the war. Claren don's quota was al'vays well filled from tbe bravest of her sons until the rebel flag was furled. Clarendon amid the moantaios, beard the fierj bugle call That rang through all the land at fated Sumter's treacherous fall. And her farmer sons grew sndden warm with a pat riot firt% And pre.ssed on glowing as young Mars to join the Uuion band That rallied from each hillside, to lift the starry ban ner higher And wave it once again more proudly o'er all thi S'.uthern land. How swift these warriors from the mountains green, Ru.^lied forth and bore the banner ofthe free Witli feai less step and bold undaunted mein, Down to tho bloody southern sea. Some covered thick with fame's brightest beams. Victorious ov.-r all of treason's darkest ills, Returned to their fair homes beside the crystal streams That gush from the dear cliffs of their own native hills. But others sleep, we mourn with pride where brave thoy fell On stormy battle plain, or savage mountain side Or where the wounded crept into some lonely dell Where friendly fountains let them drink their crystal tide. Zeiuis,* chivalric, gallant and gay Who rushed to battle aa to a play. Mot death as he wonld a bride By dark Warwick's crimson tide. • Henry Lewis, of Clarendon, at the age of 22, wM killed m battle at Savage Station, June 29, 1862. CLARENDON. 661 Brave Holdms* battles all are o'er ; He'll mount the war-steed nevermore, He sleeps in the vale of the Shenandoah Whose waves will sing his requiem evermore Young Sumner,\ too, met his doom Beneath dread war's dark tide And, borne to bis mountain home. Sleeps by his kindred's side. Shippei/,X swift hunter of the the wild, Stern nature's free and reckless child. No more for him the shaggy bear Will tremble in bis mountain lair. iSeverance,^ by Potomac's winding shore Will shout freedom's battle-cry no more ; For his country his young life he gave. In youth's fair morn, he sleeps with the brave. Munroe,l who won a soldier's fame On Gettysburg's red field of flame, Found a valiant soldier's grave 'Neath old James' historic wave ' Near the father of waters as it rolls to the sea. In death's eternal repose, sleep Daniel and Gee. Where'er the Union flag, borne by loyal hands, Encircled by the brave Green Mountain bands, Wave'do'er the battle's sulphurous cloud, And the rebel rag before its glory bowed ; When the red artillery flashed along the plain And charging squadrons trampled o'er the slain. And the deadly rifle's ringing echoes rolled As the bayonet pierced tbe battle's murky fold. And above the battle's din, clear, loud and high, Rose tbe Green Mountain Boy's cheering battle-cry As dashing on they charged o'er the fallen, "Remember old Vermont and Ethan Allen." And the rebel host from victory, fled And left the field with carnage red, There sleep Clarendon's gallant dead — The battle sod their eternal bed. * Jas. B. Holden, a member of the Vt. Cavalry, died of wounds received in action near Winchester, May 26, 1862, at the age of 24. t Reuben A. Sumner, of Clarendon, died in Virginia, July 13, 1864, in the campaign of the Wilderness, and was brought to Vermont and buried by the side of his lather and sister in Shrewsbury. X Azro A. Shippey, a noted hunter, at the age of 40, enlisted in the 2d Sharp Shooters. He and two of his sons died in the service. \ Life A. Severance, son of Abijah Severance of Clar endon ; enlisted Oct. 2, 1861, in Co. P, 8th Reg.Vt.Vols,, in which company he faithfully served until sickness compelled him to leave the army at Harrison's Land ing, Va., soon after the seven days' fight in front of Richmond. He died at Hammond General Hospital, Point Lookout, Md., of typhoid fever, Aug. 22, 1862, aged 20 years. He was one that enlisted, not for money, but through the impulse of patriotic duty ; and a comrade who served by his side through the cam paign says that " he never shrank from any duty, how ever painful." § Ira C. Munroe, at the age of 18, enlisted in Vt. Cavalry, Sept. 20, 1861, and distinguished himaelf as a brave soldier in the many conflicts In which that renowned regiment was engaged, nntil he was drowned In James River, May 16, 1864. TOWN CLEEKS. Stephen Arnold was the first town clerk. The date of ¦ his election is not preserved. His first record is in 1778. He was contin ued in office till 1799. John Hills, Mar. 27, 1799; Randall Eice, Mar 4, 1813; Seba French, Mar. 2, 1814 ; Silas W. Hodges, Mar. 2, 1819; Daniel S. Ewing, Mar. 1, 1831; Joseph A. Hayes, Mar 6, 1838, died Aug. 14, 1844; Philetus Clark, Aug. 21, 1844; William G. Grossman, Mar. 2, 1847 ; Lewis M. Walker, Mar. 7, 1848 ; Hannibal Hodges, Mar. 2, 1852; Lewis M. Walker, Mar. 3, 1857 ; William T. Herrick, Mar. 1, 1864. STATE SEHATOES. 1844-45, Frederick Button ; 1856-57, John L. Marsh. DELEGATES 'feOM OLAEBNDON. July, 1776, to Dorset Convention, Thomas Brayton; June, 1777, to Windsor Conven tion, Benjamin Spencer. TOWN EEPEESBTATIVES. 1778, Abner Lewis; 1779, Nebediab An gel and Ezekiel Clark ; 1780, Joseph Smith, Elisha Smith ; 1781, Joseph Smith, Lewis Walker; 1782, Elisha Smith, Increase Mose ly ; 1783, Joseph Smith, Thaddeus Curtis ; 1784, '85, '86, '87, '88, Daniel Marsh ; 1784, Abel Cooper; 1789, '90, Elisha Smith; 1791, '92, '93, '96, '97, Abel Spencer ; 1794, Abel Cooper; 1795, '98 to 1804, Theophilus Har rington ; 1804, '05, Daniel Dyer ; 1806, '07, James Harrington ; 1808, '09, Eleazer Flagg ; 1810, '11, '12, Thomas Stewart; 1813, '14, Seba French; 1815, Daniel Turkham; 1816, Thomas Stewart ; 1817, '18, Horatio Beal ; 1819, to '23, Henry Hodges; 1823, Len- sey Eound; 1824, '25, Silas W. Hodges; 1826, Thomas Stewart; 1827, '28, Oziel H. Eound ; 1829, Frederick Button ; 1830, Len- sey Eound; 1881, '32, Lewis Walker; 1833, Daniel S. Ewing; 1834, A. F. Campbell; 1835, Chapman Giddings ; 1836, Jonathan W. Shaw ; 1837, '41, Enoch Smith ; 1838, 39, '40, Joseph A. Hayes ; 1842, '43, Philip Briggs; 1841, '46, Franklin Billings; 1845, (no choice); 1847, '53, Walter Ross;. 1848, Calvin Spencer ; 1849, Green Arnold ; 1850, 51, Joseph Congden ; 1852, Thomas Steward ; 1854, '55, William D. Marsh; 1856, Horace Kingsley; 1857, '58, Lewis M. Walker; 1859, '60, Lensey Round, jr.; 1861, '62, Han nibal Hodges ; 1863, Nathan J. Smith ; 1864, 562 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. '6.5, Lensey Eound, jr.; 1866, '67, Porter Benson ; 1863, '69, William W. Walker. Of the above. Increase Mosely in 1782, Abel Spencer in 1797 and Theophilus Har rington in 1803, wero Speakers of the House. Increase Mosely was a judge of the su premo court in 178 1, an.l president of the first Council of Censors in 1786. Theophilus Harrington was a judge of the supreme court from 1803 to 1813 — 10 yeara. CLAEENDON OIIUECn HISTOET. BY REV. WM. T. UEnaiCK. Many of the early inhabitants of Clar endon were Baptists from E. I. ; and at an early day, say 90 years ago, A BAPTIST CHUECa was formed in the east part of tbe town, and another in the west part. Elder Isaac Be.ils, Baptist, was the first settled minister in town. About 1800, a meeting house was built near the south Flat ; and Elder William Harring ton, a brother of Julge Theophilus, was set tled over the church worshiping in it. This house disappeared several years since ; and both the early Baptist churches have gone to decay, and ceased lo exist. A Methodist church has superceded that in the west part of the lown, and a Congregational one that in the east part. THE OONaEEQATIONAL CHUEOH was organized, Feb. 18, 1822, by Rev. Hen ry Hunter, who was its first pastor, and was dismissed in October, 1827. The original members were 9, of whom 2 are still resident members, and another is living in a, neigh boring town. Dea. Frederick Button is one of these. After the dismission of Rev. H. Hunter, during whose ministry the church was much enlarged. Rev. N. Hurd supplied for a time, and Eev. Philetus Clark several years from 1830. The next pastor was Eev. Horatio Flagg, settled Jan. 29, 183.5, and dismissed Nov. 15, 1836. The church was supplied about 6 years from Jan. 1837, by Rev. S. Williams, whose wife died in Clarendon. Then, some 2 years or loss, by Rev. S. P. Giddings, in 1841 and 1815. Eev. Ezra Jones supplied in 1846, and for several years after. From the beginning of 1851, Eev. J. B. Clark supplied 6 years ; Eev. Moses G. Grosvenor 4 years from the spring of 1857. Eev. William T. Herrick was installed pastor. May 6, 1863 ; his minis- , try having commenced in 1861, May 1. He is the present pastor (1870.) The meeting-house of the Congregational society is a substantial brick house, erected in 1821. In 1800, it was thoroughly rebuilt inside, and very neatly finished. It had uo bell till 1869, when a good one, weighing over 800 pounds, was placed in its belfry. For 40 years or more, the number of mem bers in tbe church has varied from 50 to 75. [ The Mss. of Mr. Spofford continued.] UNIVEESALIST CHUEOH. A Universalist society was organized in lown about the year 1835, and a neat com- modius brick meeting-house erected at ths North Flats. Eev. Charles Hews was the first settled minister aud preached several years. Eev. Charles Woodhonse, and Rev. Samuel 0. Loveland were settled ministers here at dif ferent limes until about 1853 ; after which the pulpit was occupied occasionally by preachers from abroad for a few years, until the society becoming weak -in numbers by death and removals, preaching entirely ceased and now only when disturbed by the wind and storm through the roof, rent by the great tempest of 1869, silence reigns un broken within those walls which in other years so often echoed the words of the good and learned father Loveland and the able and eloquent Hews as they proclaimed the boundless love of the all- father God. ELIPSALET SPOFFOED wa.s born in Temple, N. H., in 1773. He set tled in the N. E. corner of Clarendon when it was nearly a wilderness, cleared a small tract of land, and built him a house wilh his own hands in which he raised a family of U children. He died in 1860, aged 87, respect ed by those who knew him as an honest man. He was a descendant of John Spof ford, one of the first settlers of Eowley, Mass., in 1638, and of whom the following anecdote is told : During his residence at Rowley, a drought was followed by a great scarcity of food, and he repaired to Salem to purchase corn for himself and neighbors. The mer chant to whom he applied, foreseeing a greater scarcity and higher prices, refused to open his store to supply his wants. Having pleaded the necessities of himself and others in vain , be cursed him to his face ; but on being immediately taken before a magistrate, CLAEENDON. 563 charged with profane swearing, he replied that he had not cursed profanely, but as a religious duty, and quoted Prov. xi. 26 as his authority, " He that wilholdeth corn from the hungry, the people shall curse him." He was immediately acquitted, and by the summary power of the courts in those days, the merchant was ordered to deliver him as much corn as he wished to pay for. He was a direct descendant of that Saxon family which occupied Spoflford castle one of the most ancient in England, at the time of the conquest. And the following, though coming down from the Norman Conquerers, commemorates the name, and gives a lively picture of the songs and revelry, which once ran through the ancient castles and halls of the Spofford family in England. " Lord Percy made a solemn feast In Spofford's princely hall — And there came lords and there came knights, His chiefs and barons all. " With wassail, mirth and revelry. The castle rung around ; Lord Percy called fur song and harp. And pipes of martial sound. " The minstrels of that noble house All clad in robes of blue With silver crescents on their arms Attend in order due. " The great achievements of that r.ace They sung, their high command How valiant Manfred o'er the seas . First led hU Northman band. • " Brave Galfrid next, of Normandy, With vent'rous RoUo came And from his Norman castle won. Assumed the Percy name. ." They sung how In the conqueror's fleet Lord William shipped his powers. And gained a fair young Saxon bride With all her lands and towers." SILAS BOWEN, M. D.* Dr. Silas Bowen was born in Woodstock, Ct., Sept. 6, 1774, of strictly Puritan ancestry. He studied his profession (medicine and sur gery) in the State of New York, ami, in the autumn of 1799, settled in Reading, Vt. At that time the town was very sparsely settled, and many of the roads were only bridle-paths in summer, and, in winter, after a heavy fall of snow, could only be traversed on foot, with the aid of " rackets " or Indian snow- shoes. Of course his life was a very labori ous one, as his circuit of practice extended over quite a tract of country ; and he wag the only person in the immediate vicinity • Received from Mrs. Wm. L. Marsh, daughter of Dr. Bowen; furnished by herself and a sister residing at Baltimore. — Ed. prepared to perform what were called "capi tal operations.'' Still he was more celebrat ed for saving the limbs of bis patients, after severe injuries than for removing them. In September, 1803, he was married to Misa Chandler, a lady of rare equanimity of temper, excellent judgment and great charity in the best sense of the word. As a physician. Dr. Bowen was kind, sym pathetic and attentive to his patients, a habit of close observation that noted everything, and an acute discrimination that prevented him from mistaking one disease from another, or misjudging the case before him. He was sure to win the love of children, even when the Doctor's name had been used by foolish mothers as a bugbear to govern them. As a man, he was energetic, persevering, and thoroughly reliable in all his intercourse with his fellow men. His reading was ex • tensive, his general culture superior to most, and his judgment remarkably correct. Fully aware of the importance of at least some de gree of intelligence in every voter who at tended the polls, he used his utmost influence for the establishment of free schools within the reach of all, and with the best teachers that were available. Early in this century, with the help of others, he succeeded in establishing a Social Library in the town, and connected with it, for a time, was a debating club for young men. He also used his influence for the establishment of medical societies in the counties of the State with a library connected wilh each one. He was a life-long advocate of the most rigid temperance, insisting that even wine, taken habitually, was evil in its effects on the animal economy, while in health. Sunday schools, bible, missionary, tract, colonization, peace and all other societies thathad-the best good of mankind in view, fouud in him a firm friend, advocate and contributor. In the church he was always ready to contribute to the extent of his ability, and always insisted upon tho utmost liberality of opinion to all. In Oct., 1822, he left Beading and settled in Claren don, being induced to do so by milder winters, and a less hilly region of country, which would make his practice less laborious in tha decline of life. In August, 1857, he went on a visit to his son, who was settled in Ne braska City ; was there taken sick, and died ou the 16th of Sept., in a calm and assured hope of a joyful resurrection beyond the grave. 564 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. One son and four daughters survived Dr. Bowen. The oldest son, a physician practic ing in Boston, Ma.ss,, died several years be fore his father. The remaining son, with whom his father die.l, is a practicing physi cian iu N.ibraska. Tho Bowens wero true to their country. The history of our late terrible struggle will bear ample testimony that his descendants, in this respect were worthy of their name and blood, for of the seven mal.: descendants which he left, the son and five of the grandsons, all who had reachn.l tho ag.! of 10 years, did good service on the field. The oldest grandson, a resident of Virginia, was compelled to leave there just at the outbreak of the war, simply because he w,as of New England birth. Im mediately after the fall of Fort Sumpter, he offered his services to his country, was accept ed, and did honorable service until the au tumn of 1864, when he was severely injured by the bursting of a shell, and his general health becoming much impaired in conse quence, he was honorably discharged for physical disability. Dr. Bowen was buried with masonic honors, at Clarendon, May 20th, 1858, and the eulogy pronounced at his funeral by W. T. Nichols, Esq., of Rutland, was published by order of the Masonic fraternity at Rutland : Geo. A. Tuttle & Co., Printers, 1858. FROM THE EULOGY BT MR. NlCnotS. " Dr. Bowen's father was Dea. Henry Bow en, and his mother's maiden name was Lydia Fowler. The family was Welsh in its origin. Its history extends hackwar.l till it becomes tradition. Dr. B.'s father was not rich, and it was not to be expected that with a family of twelve children to maintain, a man could hope to give them any better education than the common school. But Silas Bowen wns born in too stirring times, and bred in too much want, though a boy, to sit.piietly .lown in ignorance at home, or remain thero, to in cumber with hia support, a father alroa.ly overtax...!. At the ngn of sixteen, with the consent of his father, secondo.i tiy the en- coiira;:;..ment of his mother — with much ad- vi.-o from the good ol.l Connecticut parson— with ti'n dollars, the only money his father evi'r gave him — with a seanfy war.lrobe of hornospun, but with a stout and honest heart within bim, be left home, to prepan. and e.l- ucato himself for a higher sphero of usefulness than that in which ho was born. Ho had in his nature that self reliance which feels con scious that "wliere there is a will there is a way." He went from Conn, to Schodack, in the Stale of New York, and soon found himself engaged in the triple capacity of clerk, school-teacher and student ; that is to say, he posted books for a merchant named Ten Eyck, in the evening, taught school in the day time, and rising before day-break, studied mathe matics and the languages preparatory lo a morning recitation with a class of young men who were preparing for col'ege under the tuition of the resident clergyman. He was actually preparing for college by study and recitation in tbe morning, maintaining him self during the time by posting books in the evening and earning funds to carry him througri the coUege course by teaching school in the day time. While pursuing his studies he became ac quaint. -.1 with Dr. Ballantyne, and through his advice gave up the idea of going through the college course, though he continued till he was prepared to enter college. Per haps actuated unconsciously by the friend ship of Dr. Ballantyne in making bis choice, he had resolved to study medicine ; and after completing his preparation for college, he commenced the study of his profession in Dr. Ballantyne's office. Dr. Ballantyne waa a man of sound learning and judgment, and having been his friend and patron in all his early struggles in life, it was natural that Dr. Bowen ever afterwards held that respect for his memory and character which men always feel for their superiors in age who have as sisted them by their aid and advice in the earliest and hardest struggles of their career. While a student in Dr. Ballantyne's office, he made the acquaintance of a German scholar, who came to this country as a surgeon in the British army, and from him gathered many ideas upon surgery and practice, which he considered extremely usef .1 in after life. He studied his profession with assiduity for more than three years, attended private dissections, made himself master of its standard authori ties and familiar with its theory, and in 1799, commenced practice in Reading, Vt. At that time he had never attended any pubhc medical school. Years afterwards tho Uni versity of Vermont and Middlebury College honored' themselves and him by conferring upon him the honorary degree of M. D. -it the time when Dr. Bowen settled, Ver mont was the field to wbich " manifest desti ny " led the young men of Connecticut. It was natural, then, that Dr. Bowen should follow the current of emigration setting backward from tide water, and settle in the new Slate His early success was all that thorough ren.ling, sound sense, and untiring fidelity to his profession could expect in a spars. 'ly settle.l region of country. The prac tice of tbe medicalprofession is never an easy one. Al that time and in that part of the State, it was a hardship. The country was mainly covered with for ests—families lived remote from each other- carnages were not in use— the physician in active practice literally spent his time on snow-shoes, in the saddle, or asleep. But at this odds, at a time when profea- CLARENDON. 565 sional fees were less than half their present rates, his practice extended so that in a few years his charges on book amounted to be tween |2,000 and $3,000 per annum, and every shilling was the record of anxious thought and laborious travel. He earned the emoluments and honors of his profession, and never shrank from its burdens. Many can appreciate, perhaps fewer would imitate, that devotion to the stern idea of duty, which could induce him, often, at the close of a long ride and stormy day, when sent for by a dis tant patient, to commence, without rest, a longer ride in a stormier night, knowing his patient could never recompense him a far thing. Taken as a whole, his professional career was a success. His book charges show an aggregate of nearly $100,000. Some estimate of the mere physical labor requisite to accomplish such a result may be made, when we consider that in the average hia charges did not amount to ten cents for each mile's travel, and of all the hard service represented by that large sum, it was in great proportion rendered for those who never would and never could pay him. Out of al most $100,000 honestly earned, probably less than one-tenth remains to pass the seal of the Probate Court. He continued the practice of his profession till within a few weeks of his death, at which time he was prohably the earliest surviving physician settled in this State, and without doubt the oldest practitioner in its medical ranks. He was one of the founders of " The Medi cal Society of the State of Vermont," and was at all times one of those who labored to make that society the theatre of useful discussion upon disputed topics in the profession, and the means of gathering and disseminating useful theories fi-om the aggregate experiences of its members. The society has taken occasion to pay an appropriate tribute to his memory and worth. It is but justice to say that for more than half a century. Dr. Bowen stood in the front rank of its strong men. His characteristics may be summed — great physical energy and endurance, an industri ous and abstemious life, a strong, well bal anced and well informed mind, a self reliant jadgment, an obstinate perseverance, conser vative tendencies, a zealous observance of his duties, a scrupulous regard for the rights of others, and a rigid enforcement of his own. He was a pioneer in establishing Sabbath Schools in this State, was through life their laborious advocate, and addressed the Sabbath School in Kearny City on the anniversary of his eighty-third birth day, which was the last time he ever attended public worship. He became at an early day, a member of the order of Free Masons. He filled its re sponsible posts in its various departments — held its brighest jewels and received all but one of the high honors of its degrees." THE HODGES FAIIILT. BT HON. 8IL.48 H. HODGES. The family of Hodges, formerly a numer ous one in Clarendon and Rutland, sprang from Doctor Silas Hodges, who came into Clarendon about 1783. His younger brother, Leonard Hodges, settled in Williston, a few years afterwards, and left many descendants in that vicinity. DooTOE Silas Hodges came from a family which has been settled in Norton, Mass., for upwards of two centuries and whose ancestors came from England lo this country as early as 1630. Dr. Hodges had practised for some years in Woodstock, Ct., and afterwards in Dunbarton, N. H., when the war of the Eevo lution broke out. He served as surgeon in the Continental army, and was for some time in the military family of General Washington. On settling in Clarendon, he purchased lands on the intervale of Otter Creek, on both sides of the road leading to Middletown, and resided, until his death in 1804, in a house which then stood just west of the point where that road branches off from the one leading from Manchester to Eutland. Besides these lands, he purchased numerous tracts, in what are now Addison, Chittenden and Franklin Counties. The care of attending to these lands, and a mercantile business in which he had embarked, rendered it necessary for him lo relinquish the practice of his profession. The infirmities of his later years compelled bim to give up active employment, and to leave the management of his affairs to his son, Henry. The Doctor was evidently an able man of business, and a shrewd financier, of great foresight and prudence. Tradition re presents him as occupying a conspicious posi tion in society, and commanding deep respect in a wide and numerous circle of acquaint ances, extending beyond the bounds of the State. Before coming to Vermont, he had been thrice married— firstly to Mary Baker, second ly to Rachel Freeman, and thirdly to Mary Gould. The last survived him, and, soon after his death, built near the bridge across Otter Creek the house where Hannibal Hodges now lives. There she resided through most of her widowed life, well known through the region as a woman of marked energy and ability, and died in 1844. By his firat wife. Doctor Hodges had two daughters, Anna, who married first Mr. 566 VERMONT HLSTORICAL MAGAZINE. Smith, secondly, John Richardson, of Fair fax : and Mary married to Randall Rice, for many years a leading magistrate in Claren don. Eachel Hodges, the only daughter of his second wife, married first, John A. Graham, LL. D., of Eutland, afterwards of New York. By him she was mother of Commodore John H. Graham, who entered the U. S. Navy, at the age of twelve, lost his leg on board Com. McDonough's Ship at Plattsburg, and has ever since remained in the service, and now resi.les at Newburgh, N. Y. She married, secondly, Eoger Fuller, of Sudbury, and afterwards of Brandon. By his third wife, the Doctor left four sons, — Henry, Silas Wyllys, George T. and Hannibal, a notice of each of whom will follow, and two d.iugbters, viz. : Susan, who married Calvin Eobinson, a large land owner in Shewsbury, and left only daughters, and Sophia, married to Benjamin Eoberts, of Manchester, and mother of several children One of them. Col. Geo. T. Roberts, fell al the head of the Vermont 7th Regiment, al Baton Rouge, La., in 1862. Henry Hodges, the oldest son of the Doc tor, born July 30th, 1779, died Nov. 27th, 1810. About 1810, he purchased the farm now owned by Joseph Congdon adjoining his father's former property on the south. In 1812, he erected the dwelling-house now'on it, and made that place his home for life. On this farm, west of the road, there had former ly been an Indian village, from one of whose inhabitants a piece of land about half a mile north-west of the church, took and long pre served the name of the " John's lot." Some remains of the bouse were to be seen as late as 1820.* In consequence of his father's infirmities, he became much engaged in business, quite early in life, and was widely known and noted for th« energy an.l sagacity he dis played in tha management of the affairs en trusted lo his charge. Throughout his life he maintained this reputation, and continued to enjoy the confi dence and esteem of the community to a remarkable ilegroe. Launched so early in to active life, he was precluded from ob taining such an education as he ardently desired, aud, though he made somo singular * Another tradition Toprosonts this name as having li.'i.ii .L.trived from a Tory who resided on the lot before the Revolution. efforts to secure it, he succeeded but partially. Nevertheless, he was all his life a studious reader of well- chosen works, and thus became possessed of more than usual culture and in formation for that section and period. Few men, in his day, equalled him in the extent and accuracy of his historical information. To this he added a wonderful capacity for remembering every one whom he had ever known, and for insight into their characters. His courtesy and suavity were such, withal, as to compel his staunch political opponent, Judge Harrington, to make the noted con cession, " if there is a polite man in the Coun ty of Rutland, Harry Hodges is the man.'' As might be expected he enjoyed an unusual degree of publio favor. His firm adherence to the Federal policy prevented him for many years, however, from receiving any popular honors in a lown which was under strong Democratic rule. When the asperity of party had died away, his popularity was very soon manifested. He represented the town for 4 years, beginning in 1819. In 1821, he re ceived the appointment of assistant judge of the County Court, and continued lo occupy that position for about 13 years. He was ever ,i.;tr. e in promoting the wel fare and improvement of tho town, and aid ed largely in building the brick church on Clarendon South flats, and in organizing the first Congregational Church in tbat district, of which he became a zealous member. The failure of a manufactory, whose paper they had largely endorsed, involved him and his brother, Silas W,, in very heavy loses in 1837. Nothing but the most untiring energy, perseverence, and sagacity on his part, ena bled them to weather the storm successfully. The fatigue and exposure attendant upon his exertions, brought on an incurable disorder, to which, after a long struggle, he waa com pelled to succumb. In 1802, he married Mrs. Anna Cook, whose maiden name was Anna Fuller, and who lived till April, 1864. He left five children who are still, (1870) living, but as none of them were permananlly residents in the town, a brief notice of each of them will be sufficient. Silas Henry Hodges, born in 1804, grad uated at Middlebury College in 1821, was admitted lo tha Bar in 1825. With the exception of a few years from 1833 to 1841, when he was employed in tho ministry, hs followed the legal profession until 1861, at CLARENDON. 567 Rutland. He then became the Senior Ex aminer-in-chief of the United Slates Patent Office, and still continues to hold that appoint ment. In 1852, and 1853, he was U. S. Com missioner of Patents. From 1845 to 1850, he held the place of Auditor of Accounts against the State of Vermont. He married Julia A., daughter of Major Fay, of Rutland, and has four children. George W. Hodges, born 1813, left Clar endon in 1828, passed two years in Buenos Ayres, and since 1831, has been engaged in business in New York, or abroad, some years in connection with his business, and some time in travel. He married in England, Eliner Burringbam, and since 1852, has re sided with his family on Staten Island. Edward F. Hodges, third son of Judge Henry Hodges, born in 1816, graduated at Middlebury College in 1836, was admitted lo the Bar in 1839, in Rutland, where he followed his profession till 1845, when he removed to Boston and has pursued it there ever since. Naturally of a very strong con stitution, his assiduous devotion to his pro- ' fessional duties has so deranged his health that he has twice been compelled lo relinquish them temporarily, and seek relief and restor ation in foreign travel. He married the daughter of Major Hammett, of Bangor, Me., by whom he has several sons. Their present home is at Lincoln, near Boston. Maey Ann Hodges, married in 1827, Wm. Dana, D. S. Vice Consul at Buenos Ayres, where he died in 1831. She then returned to this country, and in 1844, married the Hon. Solomon Foot, late U. S. Senator, who died in 1865. Since then she has resided in Rut land. Elizabeth A. Hodges married, in 1834, Eoyal H.Waller, who practiced law for some years in Rutland, then in Detroit, Mich., then in New York, and in San Francisco, Cal. He was twice elected Recorder of that city. Af ter his death in 1866, his widow took up her residence in Rutland. Doctor Hodges' second son, Silas Wyllys Hodges, born 1785, dwelt nearly all his life time in the house already spoken of as built by his mother in Clarendon. He and his elder brother, Henry, formed a, mercantile connection early in life, which was only ter minated by the death of the latter. They carried on many branches of business in Clarendon, Dorset, Manchester, Castleton and Brandon ; and their operations in furnaces, marble quarries, land purchases, wool, lum ber, and general merchandise, were extensive for the times. Mr. S. W. Hodges' disposition was so retiring that few were aware of his more than ordinary abilities. Yet, he was sufficiently known at home to receive many testimonials of the confidence in his judg ment and uprightness which his townsmen entertained. Besides discharging other trusts, he represented the town in 1824 and 1825, and was town clerk from 1817 to 1831. He made a profession of religion in 1831. His wife, whose maiden name was Polly Gil- let, died in 1844. He survived her, but after several years was afflicted with a cancer, and spent two or three winters at the South in order to obtain relief. His death took place at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Apr. 19, 1858. Ha left 2 sons, Hannibal and Henry Leonard, and 3 daughters, Almira, Mary and Anu Eliza. Hannibal Hodges, born Sept. 12, 1817, occupies the dwelling where his father and grandmother resided. He has served as town clerk several years, and as a member of the General Assembly in 1861 and 1862, and is the only man of tbe family and of the name now remaining in this section. Ha is married and has 2 sons. Henry Leonard Hodges, second son of Silas Wyllys, born Mar. 30, 1825, graduated at Middlebury College in 1846, and soon after removed to the South and settled at La Grange, Troup Co. Ga., where he has married and has a family. Though a mem ber of the Bar, he has been principally occu pied in teaching, for wbich he is eminently qualified. During the Eebellion he was well known to be staunch in his adherance to the Union, and suffered seriously in consequence of it. Almira Hodges, his oldest sister, mar ried the Eev. David Perry and lives in Hol las, N. H. Mary, aecond daughter of Silas Wyllys Hodges, married David S. Penfield, a well known and prosperous banker in Rockport, 111. The third daughter, Ann Eliza, is mar ried to T. L. Miller, a successful insurance broker of Chicago, 111. George Tisdale Hodges, third son of Doctor Hodges, born 1788, spent some time m college, but early removed to Eutland, where he engaged in mercantile business and prosecuted it successfully until his death ia 668 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. August, 1860. While his capacity for this pursuit, and his pru Ience conspired to ensure his unusual prosperity, his intelligence, his dignified demeanor and courtesy obtained for him deep respect and esteem through a wide circle of acquaintances. The regar.l in which he was held by his fellow citizens may be understood from the numerous positions of trust be was called to fill. H.i represented his towu in the General Assembly, and his county in the State Senate for several years in each. On the death of the Hon. James Meacham, Eepresentative to Congress, in 1856, he was chosen lo fill the vacancy. He was a director of the obi Bank of Eutland from its organization in 1825, until his death, and its president from 1834. He was also a director and the vice president of the Rutland and Burlington Eailroad from its commencement. An ex tended notice of him, however, should more properly be found under the head of Rutland. Hannibal Hodges, Doctor Hodges' re maining son, resided and was engaged in business successively in Shrewsbury, Claren don, and Castleton. He was born in 1792, and died in 1851. By bis first wife, Cynthia Finney, sister of Col. Levi Finney, of Shrews bury, he had only a daughter, Sophia L. Hodges, married to Adam M, Freeman, of Wisconsin. He married, secondly, Mrs. Eve line Coburn, whose maiden name was Atwell. Hesurvived her and left by her four children, as foUows: John Marshall Hodges, who married in New York, where he resides and has a fimily. Hesry Clay II.jdges, gradu ated at West Point in 1,S51, and has served in the army ever since. He married the daughter of Governor Abernethy, of Ore:;on, and was on the gen a-al staff of the army in positions of great trust throughout the war. He is now Lieut. Colonel and Quarterm.ister of tho Departm ml of Philadelphia, aud has one son. His younger brother, Lieut. Geo. T. Hodges, born in 1841, entered tho army soon after the war broke out, and was present al the battles of Yorktown, Gaines' Mill, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Eun, Chantilly, Antietam, and Gettysburgb. He continues in the service and is stationed at Philadel phia. Tho sislor of these throe brothers, Eveline Hodges, is married to Wm. H. Dud ley, of Buffalo. BENJAMIN PARKER was born in Clarendon, Aug. 26, 1784; mar ried Patty Wyman, Dec. 29, 1805, by whom he was the father of 12 children, five of whom were living at the lime of hia death, with 18 grand-children and 9 great-grand children. He died Apr. 9, 1868. The six tieth anniversary of his wedding day was celebrated by a gathering of friends and neighbors at his house, to make merry and give thanks. The following lines were writ ten, for the occasion, by Mrs. M. E. H. Mason. THE GOLDEN WEDDING. Welcome, dear friends, to this our golden wedding. United first were we in 1805; just sixty years ago to day. So long, together, we have traveled through life's wil- dering way. The old familiar friends that then beheld us wed. We see them not — they are numbered with the dead. And ye behold us here, an age I pair, Witb palsie.t hand and furrowed brow; But the good Lord hath spared us yet To live and move among you now. Blessed with a dozen chUdren, five of whom Still live to cheer our age_ the other seven Gone to the better land, their home in Heaven; And unto God we breathe the fervent prayer. That we may one day mt-et oar children there, For well we know that not again will three score vears roll r und .Vnd we remain among the living; But while w.- stay, are we not right to meet our friends, And with them liold thanksgiving? Though golden dreams of youth's imaginary bliss have fled. And stern reality taken their place instead. Stilt do we feel the longest life is far too short To live the mauy lessons sixty years have taught. We 've had our share of good, and much of seeming ill. And through it all we trust the Lord has loved us still. And blessed according to our need, though mayhap in disguise, Vot do wo place our hope in Him, the Omniscient and Allwise. Unite us then, again in all the bonds of love and friend ship known. Rejoice with us, and praise the Lord for all his mer cies shown. Be gay and jubilant, for life is sweet, e'en when we're old; Let youth join hand with age in harvesting our gold, Thus shall wo feel our hearts grow young and strong again. We Ided anew with love to God and all our followmen. And when at last the Heavenly Father calls and bids ua come. May He find us like Autumn grain, waiting to be gath ered home. M. R. H. M. DR. SOOEATES SMITH died at Rush, N. Y., on the 27th of Aug. 1870, at the aga of 79. He was a native of Clarendon, and graduated at Castleton Medi- CLARENDON. 669 cal College. Forty-eight years ago he emi grated on horseback to Rush, N. Y., where he had a successful practice, accumulating a large fortune. He was a brother of Enoch and Nathan J. Smith, of Clarendon, and of the late Senaca Smith of Danby. PRAYER EBAL AT THB OPENING OF A BAND OP HOPE TEMPERANCE MEETINQ HELD AT NORTH CLARENDON, NOV. 14, 1871, by MRS M. B. H. M.ASON, PRESIDENT. 0. Thou who heareat prayor, hear us we pray to-night. And hleas us with Thy tender love and care, While laboring in the great good cause of Right ; Protect u9 all, and keep ns from tbe snare Laid by the tempter's hand to cause us woe, 0, give na brave, true hearts to dare To fight Intemperance down where'er we go. Help us, 0, God, to lift our fallen brother up With kindly love and true and steady hand. Lead him to leave the foe and break the cup, To sign with us the Pledge and join our Band, 0, b'.ess and heal all hearts bowed down in pain Caused by the fiend whose chief and only work ia ill, Who steals away the mind and dulls the brain, Deadens love and enfeebles human will. We praise Thee, 0, our God ! for all Thy mercies shown, And still keep asking more of Thy great strength. Knowing if we ask aright we shall receive our own Jnst portion of Thy gifts, and dwell with Thee at length. Guided by Thee, we hate and fear all sin and wrong ; But love the right and seek it night and day, And we would praise Thee in our word, and deed, and song; 0, for these childrens' sake, and Him who died and suf fered, hear us pray. THE MANIAC'S PRATER. 3T MRS. ROENA MASON. The sunset glow is fading From off my window pane. And 80 my heart's glad brightness Is ever on the wane. Tet, through the heavy portals Of thia my prison home, Came once sweet childhood's voices That now no longer come. Where are the hearts that loved me 7 Where are the friends once dear? Perhaps they have forgotten That I am lonely here, 0 would 'twere always sunlight! While here I prisoned lie : Or that the God in Heaven Would make me fit to die 1 For vain has been my life-work, My hopes and strivings vain, These fetters are my portion And I am called insane. Ah, no ! 'tis only sadness ; Why don't the children come And bring the golden sunshine To light my prison-home. O, Ood 1 strike oif these fetters. And let me breathe once more The balmy breath of freedom Beyond the prison-door 1 0, listen to my pleading, I am not truly bad, This heart is torn and bleeding, But, 0, 1 am not mad! Come sweet and gentle Jesus, Whom often I have spurned, And hear the maddest being That ever from Thee turned. No more I'll ask for freedom As here I fettered lie, But strength to bear the bondage Till I am fit to die. The meanest of God's creatures Is safe within Thy care And Thou wilt not forget me, But hear the maniac's prayer, He comes ! I feel His presence t A sweet and holy calm Steals o'er my troubled spirit — He'll keep me from all harm. CLARENDON SPRINGS. These widely known and justly celebrated springs, the annual resort of great numbers of pleasure seekers and invalids from all parts of the country, are situated in the wes^. part of the town, near Furnace Brook, a beautiful and picturesque region about two miles south of the great marble quarries of West Rutland. Thompson says : "These waters differ in their composition from any heretofore known, but resemble most nearly the German Spa water. For their curative properties they are believed to be indebted wholly to the gases they con tain." There are now, at these springs, two hotels, the Clarendon House, kept by Byr.jn Murray, and the Green Moinitain House, by James Flowers, and other boarding houses, sufficient for the accommodation of several hundred visitors. For the early history of these springs, I am indebted to 0. H. Round, Esq., who says, "In 1781, my father moved to Clarendon Springs ; the country was then all a wilder ness, with not a stick cut. My first recol lection of the springs' being called mineral, or being used for medicinal purposes, was about 1793 or '4. At that time there was a space of 10 rods or more in extent, upon which no green thing grew, except a cold moss. It looked like the remains of an old lime kiln covered with cinders for the water to run through, under which, cropping 570 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. through in many places, was a strata of soft white clay, very fine and delicate. The water was therein heavily clogged with de posits ; much more so than at present, so that a board lying in it 90 or 100 days would be complet'dy coated over with a cin- derdooking substanoa from 1-16 to 1-8 inch in thickness. As early as 1800, many people began to visit the springs as a cure for poisons and salt rheum. In lY^'il, Qeorgo Eound, my father, built a log-house near the springs and look a few boarders. In 1793, he also built a frame-houso and opened ii hotel. The first wonderful cure I remember of at the Springs was in 1800; a man named Shaw nsed the white clay at the springs upon a cancer and cured it. About 1797, there were eight families re siding in the immediate vicinity of the springs, who had 113 children, 99 of whom were living and attended the same school. These families are and always have been well known in town, and I give, in the following table, the names of the heads of the families, being the husband and maiden name of the wife, and the number of children born to tbem, and the number alive who attended school at one and the same time. Born. Scholars. James Harrington and Polly Bates, 12 10 Theophilus Harrington and Betsey Buck, 12 11 William Harrington and Amy Briggs, 17 13 George Eound and Martha Hopkins, 12 12 John Simonds and Sarah Wescott, 12 12 Charles Simonds and Mehitable Esborn, 16 16 Eichard Weaver and Judith Reynolds, 13 11 Jonathan Eddy and Tejjijierance Pratt, 19 14 113 99 In these families no one of the 8 ever had moro than oiie wife, aud there was but one pair of twins in the lot ; and the extreme difference between the first-born of all these families was 10 years. 0. H. ROUND, ESti., was born in Clarendon, (in the first house built at the springs), Deo. 5, 1788, and lived in that immediate neighborhood till 1834, when he moved to Ira. He lived in Ira 9 years and then cama back to Clarendon and lived in town till 1857 ; since which time, he has lived in Eutland principally. He waa 14 yeara constable of Clarendon from 1817 to 1831. He was in the militia service in town 16 years (in which he became cap- lain) and never missed a training or muster in that time, commencing in 1806 and end ing in 1S22. He was a volunteer to the bat tle of Plattsburg, and got to Burlington after the close of the battle. In 1827 and 1828, he represented the town in the House of Representatives of Vermont, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention at Montpelier at about the aame time. He has held every office in town except lown clerk, and when he was in town, no one else was thought of for moderator of our town meet ings. He was a man of great energy and endurance, and now at the age of nearly 84 is active as most men many years his junior. He has a remarkable memory and can relate the political history and tell the names of all the representatives of the town for the last 70 years. But what he justly considers the most remarkable thing about himself ia that he never took a, chew of tobacco, never smoked a pipe or cigar, never drank any spirits of any kind, nor paid a lawyer a fee in hia life. ITAIIE OF CLAEENDON. Tradition says that tha town of Clarendon derived its name from a man by the name of Clarendon who was the first person buried within the limits of the town. SCHOOLS. I bave been unable to ascertain the date of the first division of the lown into school districts ; but the first settlers early took such measures as was in their power to place a common school education within the reach of all their children. As there was but little money in circulation, the teachers were paid in some kind of barlir, generally in grain. About 1820, the " North-west," what is now the Sth district, voted to " pay Sophronia Littlefield sixty-seven cents per week, in grain, for leaching their school." The wood was generally furnished by assessing a cer tain number of feel to a scholar, to be de livered by lot. A new division of tbe lown into school districts was made in 1827. At CLAEENDON. 571 one lima there were 17 districts and two fractional districts in town. There were 4 districts in West Clarendon in 1826, where there are but two now, in 1871. Tha earliest "records of "District No. 1, West Clarendon" say that at a school meeting held June 27, 1808, " Voted to build a school-house, that it stand in the corner where the road that comes from Lewis Walkers interferes with the road that leads to the mill." "Voted that the property be paid in grain by the first of June next." Lewis M. Walker, Moderator. Benj. Cushman, Clerk. HOEATIO Bealls, ] Philip Green, i Building Committee. John Wills, J There are now but 9 districts in town and two fractions, 242 heads of families, and 354 children of school age. $ 1263.87 was paid for teaching 298 weeks during the past year. $532.00 of public money was divided among the districts. The following ia a list of the persona who have held the ofiice of Town Superintendent in Clarendon, and date of service: Hon. John S. Marsh, 1846 ; Eev. Charlea Woodhouse, 1847 to '48; Eev. Philetus Clark. 1849 ; W. S. Weeks, Esq., 1850 ; Rev. J. B. Clark, 1851-52; E. B. Holden, 1853,- '54; Eev. J. B. Clark, 1854; Hon. J. L. Marsh, 1856-57; Daniel S. Ewing, Esq., 1858; Jamea J. Griffin, 1859-60; John Har vey, 1861; Capt. 8. H. Kelley, March, 1862 to Oct. 1862; Eev. W. T. Herrick, Oct. 1862 '70; H. B. Spofford, Esq., 1871-72. longevity. The following are a few of the persons who have died in town over 80 years of age : Heman Spafford, aged 88 ; Eliphalet Spaf ford, 86; Sally Spafford, 84; Benjamin Par ker, 83; Ellen Curtis, 86; Thankful Brown, David Kelley, 91 ; Nathan Lounsbery, 102 ; Mra. Sprague, 106 ; Mrs. Gould, Jonathan Parker, over 80. The following are now living in town : Patty Parker, aged 86; Jesse Caldwell, 84; Hon. Frederic Button, 84, and Mrs. Cava- naugh, oldest person now living in town. additional paper foe clarendon. ET HON. JOHN L. MARSH. The township of Clarendon lies in the cen tral part of Rutland County; lat. 43° 31' and long. 4° 6'; bounded N. by Rutland, E. hy Shrewabury, S. by Wallingford and Tin mouth, and W. by Ira. It was granted (says Thompson) in 1761, both by New Hampshire and New York, and comprehended » part of the two grants of Socialborough and Durham. This is probably a mistake as to New York, aa the writer of this has the copy of a map containing a survey by William Cockburn, a deputy New York surveyor, which he entitles " A map of tha aouth part of Socialborough, as run into lots A. D. 1771." Ten years, therefore, after it was granted by the Gov ernor of New Hampshire, it was recognized by the New York authorities as Socialborough. The town, however, according to its orig inal charter, was 6 miles square. Before, however, there were any settlements made in the south part of the town, land jobbers, liv ing south, making a business of enriching themselves by surveying unoccupied lands, assuming they were "vacant lands" (that is, lands lying between the chartered limits of towns or between surveyed lots, when tha lines of adjacent towns or lots did not join), surveyed considerable land in the south part of the town, adjacent to Wallingford and Tinmouth, had their surveys recorded in those towna, aold the land to settlers as being a part of those towna, and, being nearer a settlemeut begun in' the norlh part of the town of Wallingford (indeed the Wallingford settlement was on or near the line between the two towns) ; the inhabitants, purchasers of these lands, supposing their lands were a part of those towns, acted with their inhabi tants, and in consequence of tbe controversy between New Hampshire and New York and the breaking out and continuance of the war of the Eevolution, the people of Clarendon had enough on their hands without investi gating the question of town limits ; inasmuch a.s individual rights had not been trespassed upon. Therefore, no action waa taken upon the subject till many years afterwards, by the town of Clarendon. It waa then ascertained, by a survey, that a strip of land, originally within the char tered limits of Clarendon, across the south side of tha town, from half a mile to a mile or more in width, had from the first settle ment, been claimed by those towns, and the business aaaociationa of the inhabitants living on this strip of land, had become so identified with the intereats of thoae towna, that tha town of Clarendon has never assumed juris diction over thatpart of her original territory. 572 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Tha inhabitants living on the west side of the hill, adjacent to the town of Ira, be lieving it for their interests, because they could with less travel get to the business centre of Ira than lo that of Clarendon, peti tioned the legislature, and, in 1854, were set off to and made a part of that town : so, through the cupidity of some, and for the convenience of others, the town of Clarendon has boon considerably shorn, ou her southern and weatern bordera, of her original territory. In 1768, Randall Eice, Elkanah Cook, Benjamin Johns, Samuel Place, Elisha Wil liams and probably some others, came into the lown, and selected locations ; but it does not appear that there was anything done towards a permanent settlement until the next year, when the most of these returned with their families, and commenced a settle ment — Eice and Johns near the central part of the town, on the east side of the Creek, and with them, the same year, came Stephen Arnold ( who was the paternal great grand father of the celebrated Stephen Arnold Douglaa), and located a little south of Eice and Johns. Place, Cook and Williams com menced in the north part of the lown, known then as Socialborough ; and the same year (1769) came Jacob and Amos Marsh (broth ers), and Dan'l and Wm. Marsh (brothers) and nephews of Jacob and Amos Marsh ; and Whitefleld Foster and Oliver Arnold, from Rhode Island and Connecticut, and selected each a lot of land on the east side of Otter Creek, being the six norlh lots in what is now the lown of Clarendon — then the six south lots in the town of Socialborough. The title lo their land, they derived from John Henry Lydius, who claimed a large tract of land lying on the east side of Lake Champlain, and extending east lo the foot of the Green Mountains, by a grant from the Indians, among whom he had aotoil as mis sionary.* They left their families in Rhode *Rov. .Tohn Lydius was tho minister of tho Dutch Roformed Cluirch in Albany and Sohonocttldy, iind oa' ly in 1702 ho came over from Holland, lli' died iu 1710. John Ilonry Lydius, his aon, was a proluinoiit Inilian trader in tho Colony of Now York; wont to England in 1770, and diod at KonsIUKtoii near London, in 1791 aged 98 years. IIo obtained a grant from the Indians of a tract of laud lying aouth of Iluthind (now forming a part of Clarendon) whicli he called Durham, and com menced a settieniont on it. Learning that his Indian title was not reliable, he obtained letters patent from the State of New York of tho tract ia conflrmation of Island and Connecticut (their former homes) and labored the first season in building log houses on their respective lota, and clearing a piece of land to subsist their families in the future. They brought with them a cow, and such bread-stuffs as their means would allow; de pending upon fish and game for their princi pal supfiort. They worked together — detail ing one of their number each week to procure the game and fish, milk the cow, and do the cooking. At the close of the season, their united labors had erected five comfortable log- houses, and cleared a sufficient piece of land, in the vicinity of each, for crops the coming season, to warrant them in bringing their families with them, on their return the next Spring. They, therefore, all returned to their former homes, except William Marsh, who, having no family, concluded to go north and spend the Winter, perhaps in Montreal, and join them again in the Spring. The five returned wilh their families, the next spring, with such household effects as they could conveniently bring with them, which in these days, would be considered a very meagre outfit, but which, with their own inventions and appliances, they made sufficient to subserve tbeir necessities. William Marsh did not return, and his friends, notwithstanding many anxious in quiries, never heard of him afterwards. Previous to 1771, James Rounds, and a Mr. HiUa, had taken lots on the west side of the Creek, and commenced improvements. Ten familiea, therefore, were all that had settled in the north part of Clarendon, (then Socialborough) as late as 1771. A numler of families had joined those, who had settled his title. But New Hampshire also granted tho same lauds, and the L;rauteea under thia title took measures lo drive otf tho settlers under Lydius, and thus forced tlieni to buy in their lands also under the grant of New Hampshire. Sumo, however, decliood this, and they were tried by the old Council of Safety and con- deniiie.i to serv.tudo during the pleasure of the Coun cil. Ethan Alien afterwarda arrested one of theso of fenders (named Oliver CoItIu) and re-tried him, and sentenced him to banishment in the enemies' lines; Gov. Clinton set him at hbeity again, and he then pe titioned Guv. Chittenden to return to his family and stay BO long as he behaved as a friend of the United States. But Chittenden told him he was an Old Yorker and should not live in this State. Lydius had a man sion on the Hudson near Fort Edward. (Doc. Hist, of N. Y., vol. iii. p. 893, and vol. iv. p. 966.)— David Read. CLAEENDON. 573 farther south, and commenced a settlement on what has since been known as the South Flats. A settlement was also commenced in the south-east part of the town, (known since as East Street) as early, probably, as 1772 or 1773, by Ichabod Walker, a Mr. Nichols, and a Mr. Osborn. Theae three familiea first located in the eastern part of Socialborough (now Eutland), wher5 they were in 1771. II should be stated in this connection, that the families before alludod lo, who settled on the eaat aide of Otter Creek, in Clarendon, came mostly from Ehode Island, and adja cent parts of Connecticut. They were con nected together, either by family ties, or ties of friendship, and came, not for the purpose of speculation, but for the express and sole object of making permanent homes, in what was then an unbroken forest. Their firat deaire was to obtain a good title to their farma, and soon ascertaining there was doubt in regard to the grant under Ly dius, they examined and investigated, so far as they were able, the different and conflic ting claims lo these lands, by New Hamp shire, under Benning Wentworth, and by the state of New York. Having come to the conclusion, that the best title they could possibly obtain, was from New York, they purchased additional deeds under this title accordingly. During the eight years of war ensuing, be tween this country and Great Britain, all the settlers in Western Vermont, were more or less disturbed in their possessions and ti tles. Claimants, under New Hampshire, fre quently ejected those holding under New York, while the New Hampshire men wore ejected in return. During all this turmoil, and unsettled state of things, treapissers and "squatters," seemed to thrive exceedingly ; for without a shadow of title, they boldly took possession of the best tracts of land they could find, that happened to be temporarily vacated. This slate of things invariably resulted, nol only in quarrels and expensive litigations, but in criminations and recriminations, intensify ing in feeling and bitterness, during, and long after the close of the war. Those who once obtained poaaesaion of land, whether under one title or another, or under no title, invariably stigmatized those, who attempted to enforce their rights against them, by recovering their lands, as " tories," aud, by thua doing, endeavored to create a publio aentiment in their own favor, and againat any actual claimant who ventured to disturb them. Hiatory shows that this was peculiarly the state of things in Clarendon, and that many atrocities, were, in consequence, committed. Aud, indeed, it was not until long after tha Eevolution, and the organization of the State Government, that an act was flnally passed by the Legislature, commonly termed the " Quieting Act," that settled and adjusted most of ¦ tho conflicting claims and titles to real estate. This bill W.IS originated and advocated by Daniel Marsh who was a memb er of the Leg islature from the lown of Clarendon for quite a number of years. soldiers' record. Tha town of Clarendon furnished the fol lowing soldiers for the suppression of the slaveholder's rebellion, as shown by the reporta of the Adjutant General of Vermont, for the years 1864 and 1865 : First Regiment, three months men, mustered into service May 2, 1861: mustered out of service Aug. 15, 1861. Names. Age, Co. Crolhers, William 18 G Combs, Harrison 19 G Congdon, James L. Lincoln, George Eoss, John W. Smith, William H. Steward, Gilbert Eounds, William Mc C. Donnelly, John Kelley, Samuel H. Leach. Moses W. Rosa, James W. Smith, Alonzo E. Webb, Henry Procured Substitutes. Willis Benson, Barney Eiley, Henry C. Round, Lucien P. Smith, Edwin C. Taylor William L. Wylie. Thia town furnished 14 three-months mon under the call of April, 1861, for 75,000 vol unteers, and 75 three yeara men under differ ent calls; 23 for one year, and 15 for nine months. I think no one went from this town as a drafted man. Several inhabitants of thia town, whose names are not in the following list, are credited to other towns or Statea, among which are W. M. Flanders, Orin In- gala and Warren Gifford. 38 G 24 G 20 Q 20 G 22 G 34 K 23 K 25 K 35 K 22 K 24 K 26 K 574 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. volunteers foe 3 YEARS. Credited previous to call for 300,000 volunteers of Oct. 17, 1863. Names. Avery, I'uter Ballard, George Cobb, Henry H. Combs, Harrison Congdon, Ilenry G. Crothers, John Daniels, Charles H. Daniels, William J. Davis, Don C. Davis, Flavins Davia, Solon D. Davis, Thomas Dorsett, Charles F. Dorsett, Edwin H. Doty, James J. Dyer, William Edgerton, Edward M. Fassett, Don A. Flanders, Steven B. Flanders, William Gee, Abisha G. Gee, Edward B. Giddings, Henry H. Gregory, Philip Hagar, Enoch C. Harrington, William Holden, James B. Horton, Lorin Hubbard, Michael Kelley, Edward L. Kelley, Samuel H. Langley, George A. Lazelle, John Lewis, Henry Maranville, Lewis S. Morgan, Lensey R. Monroe, Ira C. Parker, Charles A. Perkins, Albert Pitts, William II. Plumley, Jesse Potter, Darius E. Potter, Noel Powers, Daniel M. Powers, William D. (Quincy, David Rhodes, John Q. A. Eops, James M. Savory, John H. Sherman, Merritt II. Smith, Montillion Stewart, Gilbert Age. Rig. Co. 21 10 C 19 2 B 18 4 C 20 7 B 212S.S. E 18 7 H 30 7 B 18 7 B 23 Cav. H 31 2529 30 25 HH I G B Date of Eiliitnfnt, Remarks. July 15, 1862. May 8, '61. Killed at Savage Station, June 29, '62. Aug. 2«.'61. Dis -barged July 14, '63. Dec. 9, '61. Pro. Corp.; cap'd Feb. 9, '64, and sup posed to have died in rebel prison. Aug. 11, '62. Pro Corp.; w'nded in G H., Aug. 31,'61. Feb. 17, '02. Re-en. .M.ir. 23, '64'; pro. Corp. May 2,'64, Jan. 18, '62. Died Nov 30, '62. Nov. 27, '61. Re-en. Feb. 23, '64. Oct. 5, Discharged Jan. 2, '64. Oct. 17, Sergeant. Missing in action Oct. 11, '63. Dec. 27. '61. Died Ucl. 9, 'H'l. Aug. 29, '61. Corp.; dis. Oct. 23, '62. 21 11 M 18 5 G 19 9 B 25 19 252622 2321 18 W.22 23 42 18 22 25 273821 18 20 1818 18 18 4027 20 44 18 25 24 2124 31 9 7 9 5 10 Cav. H " H 1 S. S. F „ p Cav. F 7 I 7 D 5 Q Crv. H 2 B 11 C 2S.S. E Cav. G Sumner, Nelson A. 23 Sumner, Eoubon A. 21 Titus, Al.td E. l.S Tower, Horace 28 Wardwell, George W. 24 Wardwell, William H. H.21 Weller, David 23 Wescott, Ilenry Wilder, Charles H. Winn, James E. Wilkiua, William 18 5 11 77 9 7 7 11 7 B M B B DD B G I 0 B June 16, July 13, Aug. 22, June IS, 6 63. '61. 02. pro. 5 G IS.S. F 2 B 7 B Cav. H IS.S. F 10 C 11 L 2 B Cav. H 7 D 10 C 9 BB I BG C Aug. 22, '61 Sept. 11, '61 May 8, '61. Feb. 5, '62. Sept. 23, '61 Sept. 11, '61 July 15, '62, June 4 " May 8, Sept. 2. Dec. 7, Aug. 4 June 18, '62. May 1, '63. Feb. 10, '62. July 8, '62 Aug. 22, '61. Aug. 4, '62. '6; '61. '61. '61. , '62. Pro. Sergt., June 17, '65. Ee-en. Sept. 16, '63. Mu-'ician ; pro. Serg't Oct. 19, '64 ; principal musician Dec. 26, '64. Ee-enlisted Jan. 2. '64. Discharged Julv 26, '62. Died Dec. 28, '62. Discharged May 2, '62. Discharged Oct. 4, '61. Mustered out June 22, '65. June 29, '64. Died May 26, '62, of w'ds rec. in action. Discharged Oct. 15, '62. Pro. 1st Lieut. Co. E, Deo. 22, '63. Captain ; mustered out June 13, '65. Died Oct 13, '62. Frenchman; deserted Oct. 1, '62. Killed at Savage Station, June 29, '62. Trans, to Invalid Corps July 1, '63. Pro. Serg't ; trans, to Invalid Corps. 61. Drowned in James River May 16, '64. '61. Discharged Oct. 8, '62. '62. Discbttrged Aug. 11, '63. Sept. 2. Sept. 28 Nov. 27, Jan. 2], Nov. 27, '61. Ee-enlis"ted Feb. 20, '64. Feb. 3, '62. Ee-enlisted Feb. 17, '64. Sept. 11, '61. Discharged Nov. 8, '02. Discharged Dec. 26, '62. Nov. 4, '61. Discharged May 20. '62. Feb. 6, '62. Musieian; re-enlisted Feb. 15, '64. Dec. 14, '61. Discharged Dec. 7, '62. Aug. 2l^ '61. Killed nt Snvase Station June 29, '62. Sopt 17, '61. Re-enlisted Dec. 26, '63. Mtry 8, '61. Died April 18, '62. Aug. 11, '62. Discharged March 26, '63. 1st Lieut.; died June 29, '64, of wounds rec. in action June 28, '64. Aug. 31, '61. Pro. Corp., afterwards Capt. in Col. Eeg. Aug. 17, '63. Died July 13, '64. Aug. 14, '62. Promoted Corp. Mustered out June 29, '64. '61. " Aug. 30,' '64.' Ee-enlisted Feb. 16, '64. '62. Died in Andersonville, Ga., July 11, '64. May 8, Dec. 18, June 12, Jan. 20, '62. Captured Feb. 9, '64. CLAEENDON. 575 Credited under call of Oct. 17, 1863, and subsequent calls for 3 years. Age. Reg. Co. Date of Enlistment. Remarks. Darling, Joseph W. 24 5 G Gee, Edward B. 24 9 B Hosmer, William 0. 18 11 C Hoyt, George H. 21 9 D Ives, Franklin 22 9 B Parker, Luoian B. Jr 18 10 F Proctor. Adrian C. 44 10 F Proctor, William 18 10 F Sherman, Edwin M 18 11 C Sherman, Minor B. 19 11 G Shippey, Azro A. 40 2 S. S. E Smith, William H. 23 17 I Wounded May 1, '61. Prisoner Feb. 2, '64. Jan. 1, '64. Aug. 2, Jan. 2, '64. Jan. 4, '64. Dec. 24, Dec. 1, '63. Dec. 17, '63. Dec. 4, '63. " Pro. Corp.; pro. Serg't Sept. 1, ' Pro. Corp.; died April 16, '65. Dec. 17, '63. Died in service. Dec. 5, '63. Pro. 1st Lieut., June 20, '65. VOLUNTEERS FOE ONE YEAR. Aldrich, George F. Brecette, Peter L. Cavanaugh, Martin D. Dawson. Lovell A. Kelley, Patrick Laundry, Frank Marsh, Daniel P. Marlow, Lewis Moore, Andrew J. 18 7 I FebT Eound, William 21 7 D Feb. Shippey, Franklin A. 7 0 Starks, John J. 20 7 B Sept. Wardwell, Myron H. 20 7 D Aug. Whitlock, Franklin A. 18 7 C Feb. 21 9 B Aug. 19 1st A. C. Dec. 18 10 F Feb. 21 9 K Aug 38 10 K Aug, 22 1st A. 0. Dec. 19 F.Cav. I Jan. 27 2 Bat.Aug, 23, '64. 9, '61. 6, '65. 27, '64. 24, '64. 10, '61. 4, '65. 23, '64. 7, 13, '65. 1, '64. 28, '64. 13, '65. Mustered out Aug. 10, '64. Wounded June 29, '65. Died Feb. 7, '65. Mustered out Aug. 10, '64. June 27, '65. Julv 31, '65. July 18, '65. Mustered out July 15, '65. July 14, '65. July 22, '65. VOLUNTEERS RE-ENLISTED. Crothers, John 18 7 Currin, Eobert 33 5 Daniels, William J. 18 7 Dyer, William 18 5 Plumley, Jesse 40 7 Porter, Anthony 43 7 Powers, William D. 18 7 K Mar. 23, '64. G Aug. 27, '61. Ee-enlisted Dec. 15, '63; pro. Corp. B Feb. 23, '64. G Aug. 22, '61. Ee-enlisted Deo. 16, '63. I Feb. 17, '64. B Deo. 6. '61. Ee-enlisted Feb. 25, '64. I Feb. ,6, '62. Musician, Feb. 15, '64. VOLUNTEERS FOE NINE MONTHS. Ackley, Lewis E. 18 14 B Bartholomew, Andrew J.26 14 B Crapo. Josiah W. 40 14 B Gee, Edward B. 22 14 B Grover. Marshall W. 41 14 B Jackson, Warren C. 22 12 K Kinsman, William W. 19 14 B Leach, Moses W. 36 12 K Moore, Thomas A. E. ]9 12 K Nelson, Edgar S. 18 12 K Pitts, George N. Jr. 19 14 B Eo.«s, Aldis D. 19 12 K Smith, Elias 35 14 B Smith, William H. 21 14 B Wardwell, Myron H. 18 12 K Aug. 27, '63. Aug. 27, '62. Sept. 5, '62. Discharged Feb. 2, '63. Aug. 25, '62. Sept. 5, '62. Discharged Jan. 31, '63. Aug. 8, '62. Pro. Lieut. Feb. 14, '63. Aug. 19, '62. Aug. 25, '62. Aug. 27, '62. Aug. 8, '62. Aug. 27, '62. Discharged Feb. 25, '63. Aug. 27, Sergeant. Aug, 25, '62. Famished under draft — Paid commutation. Richard Butler, George W. Grossman, Winslow S. Eddy, Charles Ewing, Merritt Fisk, Edgar M. Glynn, Nathan B. Smith, " Wallace Smith. TO FRANCE. BY H. B. SPOFFORD. Around thy hills, 0 atricken France, Dark hanga the Bulphuroaa battle-cloud, In valley gleams the foeman's lance. Round Paris rolla his thunders loud I 0! where is he whose chainless soul All Europe's host undaunted met. When Danube hoard hia drum's wild roll And Wagram dimned hia bayonet. Marengo's cloak is round hira cast. And Jena's blade is by his aide ; But where is now his trumpet's blast. And where the soldiers of his pride ? 576 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. They aleop, nlag ! by Nilua wave, Th^y slumber on the Danube's borl ; Tho eorth Ib but a common grave For Kftllint Frauce'a iminortul dead. Arise, ye wnrrlors of tlie past I From out your louf; nnd drcamlesfl sloop, And round your country's banner cast Your Bhaduwy siiuadrons deep. Lot him of Naples lead th' advance Witb charging; steed like thunder crash, While MoBko'w'8 (liirf on PruHMifin lance, His stormy IegIon4 dash I High waving o'er tho ranks of war To soldier's eyes the guidinj^ star, Arise and shine o'or all tho field af.ir, 0, white plume of Ilenry of Navarre I And once again mount the war-ateed, Fair Orlean's patriotic maul, Seest thou not thy country bleed? 0, draw again thy conquering blade. And thou, victor on Chalon's field, Wheu dread Atilla's mighty band Their fierce and haughty squadrons wheeled, And swiftly fled the Frankish land; And let Austerlitz'a sun arise In glory, and break the war-cloud That long has enveloped the skies And blackenod France like a bhroud. 'Tis vain, the leaders ofthe past Will never lead your hosts again. Save as spirit, with electric flasli, May thrill the souls of living men. January, 1871. DANBY. BV J. C. WILLIAMS, EDITOR OF TUE *' OTTER CBBEK NEWS." Danby is situated in the extreme southern part of Rutland County, lat. 43 deg. -1 min. long. 4 deg. 1 min.; bounded by Tinmouth, Wallingford, Ml. Tabor, Dorset and Pawlet. It contains 24,960 acres, being a little more than 6 miles square. The mountains upon the south, running east and wost, form a natural southern boundary, but with this ex ception, it seems there was no reference had to natural bounds in surveying tlio lown. Tlie surface of tho town is greatly diversi fied by hills and valleys. Danby Mountain, Bomelimes called " Spruce," rung north and south through the entire length of the town, and intersects at nearly right angles with what is familiarly called "Dorset Mountain," on the south. Another range of hills extend through the eastern half, thus dividing the town into threo sections, designated aa the east, west and middlo. Tha Green Moun tains lie upon the east, west of which is Otter Creek valley. A portion of this valley is en closed within the limits of Danby. The eastern range of hills terminates upon the south, forming a pass. Otter Creek flows through a small portion of the town, in the north-east. The town is well watered by numerous streams, the two principal of which are Mill River and Flower Brook. Mill River is formed by the junction of a large number of small streams, one of which rises in the extreme south-western part of the towa. Mill Eiver flows by an easterly course through the town, winding and twisting among the hills, until it empties into Otter Creek, in the town of Mt. Tabor. Flower Brook rises in the north-western part of the town, flows southerly for about one mile, then flows west erly and empties into Pawlet Eiver, in the town of Pawlet. Danby Pond is situated near the center of tbe town, and its outlet flows into Mill river. Mill privileges are afforded on all these streams, which the early settlers found to be of great advantage. No town in the State is better watered. In every valley among tha mauy hills of this town, may be found brooks and rivulets, and springs of unsurpassed purity, one or two of which are said to pos sess medical qualities. The surface of the town in its primitive state was clothed wilh a luxuriant growth of all the variety of forest trees found in thia latitude. SETTLEMENT. In 1730, Jonathan Willard and 67 others, petitioned to Benning Wentwgrth, Gov. of New Hampshire, for a charter for two town ships, each of 6 miles square. Sept. 24, 1760, tbe petitioners held a meeting at the house of Nathan Shepard, in Nina Partners, Dutch ess Co., N. Y. The notice for this meeting was signed by Samuel Eose and Matthew Ford, two of the petitioners. At that meeting Jonathan Ormsby was appointed clerk, and Samuel Eose, agent lo go to Albany and get what information he could, relative to ob taining a grant for the townships above re ferred to, in the western part of the Frovinos ^ of New Hampshire. Capt. William Lamson of Albany, had been employed by the peti tioners to procure this grant, the result of whose proceedings Rose was to learn, and re port at their next meeting. Rose was to DANBY. 577 have 12 s. per day for bis services, and find himself. The following copy of a receipt will show how much money was raised for that purpose : "Nine Partners, N. Y., 1 Sept. 24lh, 1760. J Then received of Jonathan Ormsby, the sum of Three pounds Two shillings, toward defraying the charge of going lo Albany, in order to get what iniormalion 1 can how far Capt. William Ijamsou has proceeded in get ting a grant for two townships in New Hamp shire. I say, rec'v'd by me, Samuel Eose." The meeting was adjourned to Oct. 8, but at this adjourned meeting, nothing of impor tance was done, and Samuel Eose did not make any report. The next meeting of the petitioners was held at Nine Partners, Oct. 15, 1760, Law rence WiUsee, moderator. Jonathan Willard, agent to go to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and procure a charter. Ha was lo have $3 on each right, with what had been paid to Capt. Lamson. From an account of money received at this meeting, we learn that £58, 6 p. was raised, with "which Willard was to proceed to New Hampshire, and if possible obtain a charter for two townships, and make report lo the petitioners as soon as practi cable. The charier for a township to be called Danby was obtained tbe following year, and bears date Aug. 27, 1761. The township of Pawlet was granted lo this same Jonathan Willard and 67 others, Aug. 26, 1761, and the township of Harwick (now Mt. Tabor,) about the same lime. The charter for the township of Danby, is the general form of the New Hampshire Charier. The names of the original grantees of the township are as follows : Jonathan Willard, Samuel Rose, Matthew Ford, Lawrence Willsee, Benjamin Palmer, James Baker, Jonathan Ormsby, Joseph Soper, William Willard, Joseph Marks, Dan iel Miller, Daniel Dunham, John Nelson, Aaron Buck, Asa Alger, Joseph Brown, John Sutherland, Jr., Joseph Brown, Jr., Thomas Brown, Jeremiah Palmer, Benjamin Ham mond, William Blunt, Israel Weller, Benja min Finch, Noah Peltibone, Samuel Shepard, John Weller, David Weller, Nehemiah Rey nolds, Jonathan Palmer, William T. Barton, Jr., John Partilow, Joseph Alger, Hugh Hall Wentworth, Samuel Alger, Jonathan Weller, Lucius Palmer, Ephraim Reynolds, John Downing, Capt. John Chamberlin, Moses Kel logg, Reuben Knapp, David Willoughby, Isaac Finch, William Barton, Gideon Ormsby, John Willard, Samuel Hunt, Jr., Eliakim Weller, Noah Gillett, Col. Ebenezer Kendall, Samuel Hunt, Nathan Weller, William Ken nedy, Nathan Fellows, Lamson Sheah, John Edmunds, Daniel Ford, Richard Joslin, Wil liam Shaw. By the Charter 250 acres were called a share, and tha proprietors were to have equal shares in making divisions. All these rights were fairly located, but the 500 acres for tbe Governor, fell upon the mountain in the south-western part of the town, which land still bears the name of " Governor's Right." The provisions of the charter were all nul lified by the war which followed a few years after the settlement of the town, hut the grantees retained their rights, although but few of them settled here. They donated some of the land to actual settlers. As the charter directed, tbe proprietors of the township of Danby, held their first meet ing at the Great Nine Partners, Cromelbow Precinct, Dutchess Co., Sept. 22d, 1761, Jona than Willard, moderator, agreeable to the charter ; Jonathan Ormsby appointed pro prietor's clerk. As this was the first meeting under the charter, we will give below a copy of the doings : " Voted that Jonathan Ormsby be Clerk. " " Samuel Shepard be Constable. " " Mr. Aaron Buck be Treasurer. " " The first division of land be 100 acres to each right. " " Mr. Jonathan Willard be Ist Committee. " " Mr. Jonathan Ormsby be 2d Committee " " Mr. Samuel Rose be 3d Com. " " Mr. Nehimiah Reynolds be 4th Committee " " Mr. Moses Kelly be 5th Com. " " Mr.Daniel Dunham be 6th Com. " " Mr. Stephen Videto be 7th Committee. " That the above committee set out from home the third Monday in October next, in order to proceed on said busines, and make division of land, &c. Voted that the first hundred acre division lots be laid out and seized by the surveyor and committee. Voted that one dollar bo paid by each proprietor to enable said committee to pro ceed on their business and make division." The above meeting was adjourned until Oct 8tb, following, but for some reason, was adjourned to Jan. 12, 1762, at the house of Roswell Hopkins, Esq., Nine Partners. It was then voted that tho proprietors pay to Jonathan Willard, |2 each, for obtaining tha grant. 678 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. The first annual meeting was held by tho proprietors, at the hou;e of Jonathan Eey nolds, inn-holder al Nine Partners, 2d Tues day of Mar., 1762. Samuel Shepard, moder ator ; Jonathan Ormsby elected clerk for the year ensuing. The report of the committee showrd that a part of the first division lots h,ad been laid out, but the shares not distrib uted. The number of committee was reduce! from seven to three al this meeting, who were lo finish laying out the lots. Jonathan Ormsby, Samuel Eose and Lewis Barton were chosen a.isessors, to examine tbe accounts of tbe properly. The proprietors had as yet made no attempt al settling the land, for no one knew where bis share was to be located, and would not until after tbe surveys were com[deled. The first committee appointed had surveyed out the town.ships of Danby and Harwick, and seized them by virtue of the grant. Sometime in April following, the proprie tors again met, and voted lo pay the com mittee appointed to lay out the land, 11 ». per day. This committee was eng.aged during the summer of 17ii2, in making the surveys, and Oct. 5th, following, another meeting was held al the Inn of Lewis Delavargue, to hear a report of tbeir proceedings. This report showed that the work was not wholly com pleted, and would have to be delayed until another spring. Meetings continued lobe held at the house of Jonathan Reynolds, and others at Nine Partners, until the spring of 1763, when we find Apr. 12, the proprietors met and ap pointed a new committee, consisting of Dari us Lobdell, Aaron Buck, Jonathan Palmer and Zephaniah Buck, who were instructed lo proceed at once and finish laying out the land. The surveys in the first division were com pleted during tbe summer of 1763, and each one numbered, being according to tha char ter 68 shares, which the proprietors had vot ed lo be 100 acres each, in the first division. Tho 68 town-lots, of the contents of one acre each for a "town-plot" had also been laid out and numbera 1. We bave been una ble to learn tbe exact locality of these " town lots," as the book containing a record of them was burned. B it as near as can be ascer tained they were located east of Danby Four Corners, on the farma now owned by J. E. Nichols and Howard Dillingham. According to the charter, the lots were to be laid out as near tha centre of the township as pos sible. The proprietors met at the house of Capt. Michael Hopkins, in Armenia Precinct, Duch- e.s3 Co., Sept 5, 1763, for the purpose of locat ing or distributing tbeir lots, by placing the numbers in a bat or box, in tbe usual man ner, and then .drawing. Abraham Finch and Daniel Shepard were appointed to draw for each proprietor's lot The draught as Irawn by Finch and Shepard is exactly the same as enterel in the Proprietor's book of records of land for the township of Danby. Thom as Eowley was surveyor in the first division, who had been employed by the committee for that purpose. Each proprietor was to pay his share of the cost of surveying, or forfeit his right. In the fall of 1763, or spring of '64, a road was laid out fioin Bennington to Danby by Darius Lobdel and Samuel Eose, and the fol lowing summer was worked some. Those who worked upon this road were to receive their pay in land. It was cut for a bridle-path merely, and is the same route now used for a highway, leading from Danby lo West Dor set across the mountain. This was the only road leading to the township for some lime, and accounts for that part of the town being settled first. This road was- also used by the early settlers in going to and from Ben nington, which was then the nearest market, and lo Manchester, the nearest place to mill. The annual meeting, 2d Tuesday of Mar, 1764, was held in Armenia Precinct; the following oflicers elected: Samuel Rose, moderator ; Jonathan Ormsby, clerk ; Joseph Haskins, treasurer; Nehemiah Reynolds and Samuel Eose, assessors ; Joseph Soper, con stable No business of importance was transacted at this meeting with the exception of settling up the affairs of tha property. Tbe proprietors agreed to donate land from tha undivided portion of the township, to the person or persons who would make the first settlement. As yet no clearing had been made, and no attempts were made at settling until the following year. The oldest deed on record in this town, bears data Feb. 21, 1763, given by John Howard to Benjamin Corey, viz. "To all people to whom these Presents shall coma Greeting : Know ye that I John Howard of Armenia Precinct, in Duchess County, and province of N. Y., for and in consideration of tha sum of Twenty Pounds DANBY. 579 Current money of New York, to me in hand before the ensealing and Delivery of these Presents, well and truly paid to my full satis faction By Benjamin Corey of Armenia Pre cinct afores lid, have therefore Bargained, sold, set over, given, granted, alienated, en feoffed, conveyed and confirmed, and by these Presents, Do Bargain, sell, set over, give, grant, alien, enfeoff, convey and con firm and forever Quit Claim unto tha said Benjamin Corey, his heirs and assigns, all my Right, Title, Interest, claim and profit tbat I bave in two Townships, Lately grant ed to a Number of Petitioners by the Gover- n(ir and Council of the Province of N. H., the oue named Dauby and the other Harwick, in said Province of N. H., and Lying on ('tter Creek (that is to sav) one equal sixty- eighth Part of each of the said Townships, whicli are each six miles square, the Part in each tov/nship hereby Intended to be grant ed, is one whole share or Right amongst the first Proprietora of said Township. To have and lo bold the said Two Rights or Shares in s lid Townships, with all the Privileges, commodities and Appurtenan- cies to tbe same belonging or in anywise Appurtaining unto him the said Benjamin Corey, bis Heirs, Executors and Administra tors and Assigns forever, as a good Indefeasible Estate in Feesimple, and that the same is free from all incumbrances whatsoever, and that I the said John Howard have in my self good Right and full power and Lawful Authority to sell and Dispose of the same in luanner and form as above written. Fur thermore I the said John Howard Do hereby covenant and grant to and witb hirn the said Benj. Corey his Heirs, Executors, Adms. and assigns, shall and will forever warrant and Defend by these Presents from the Lawful claims and Demands of any Person or Per sons whatsoever. In witness Whereof, I the said John How ard have hereunto set my hand and seal thia twenty-firat Day of Feb., Anno Domini, One thousand seven Hundred, sixty-three, and in the third year of his Majesty's Reign. John Howaed [seal.] Signed, Sealed and delivered In presence of as Roswell Hopkiits, JosHtTA Dickenson. Dutchess Countv, s.s. ]¦ Be it remembered that on the 21 Feb., 1763, Then came John Howard Personally who was the signer and sealer and granler of tbe within Deed of sale. Before ma Roswell Hopkins one of his Majesty's Justice of the Peace for said County, Assyned and acknowledged the same to be his free and voluntary act and deed and I having perused the same and find no material Easures or Interlinations, allows the same to be put on Eecord in one or both of Town Books of Eecords for the town of Danby and Harwich. Eoswell Hopkins, Justice of the Peace." The next oldest deed bears record May 29 1764. The original right (100 acres) of Jo seph Algur, deeded by his sou to Jeremiah French. In the summer of 1765, the first settlement of Danby took place. The pioneer settlers were Joseph Soper, Joseph Earl, Crispin Bull, Luther Colvin and Micah Vail. It is quite certain no clearing had been made previous to that time. Joseph Soper, who had previously visited the town with a. view to settlement, came first, witb his family, from Niue Partners, N. Y , and pitched on the farm now owned by James Stone. He fOund his way here by marked trees, bringing his effects upon the back of his horse. He soon made a clearing and built a log cabin, just south of where the woolen factory was built. It is now over a century since that log cabin was built. II stood there as we are told, until about the year 1800, and although every trace has dis appeared, yet the spot where the first house stood, is still looked upon with much interest Joseph Earl came next from Nine Part ners, and commenced a clearing west of Soper, near the present residence of John Hilliard. Aa near aa can be learned. Earl did not locate permanently until the follow ing year, when he erected a log cabin, and was joined by his family. Crispin Bull settled on the farm formerly owned by Alpbonso Hilliard. He after wards made the first clearing in the east part of the town, and built a cabin just south of where the school-house stands. Luther Col vin and Micah Vail both came about tha same time from Ehode Island. Colvin pitched on the farm now owned and occupied by L. E. Fisk, and Vail first settled on the farm owned by A. B. Herrick, south of tbe Cor ners. The cabins of these first settlers were somewhat rude in appearance, logs hewn only on the inside, and pointed with mud, roofed with bark, having but one door and window, and enclosing only a single room ; boards for the floor hewn from logs. These five families constituted the entire population in the spring of 1766. Those men had brought their families and effects with them, together wilh horses and oxen. They did not settle very near each other, but upon the undivided portion of the township, of which a certain number of acres were do nated to them as first settlers. It is due to 580 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ] those and other pioneers of this town, to say tbat they were equal to the ta'k before them; being energetic men, of athletic frames and rugged constitutions, they faced the dangers and hardships of a settlement in the wilder ness, and gained for themselves a home. If it were possible, we would give a comph-te history ofthe pioneers separ-ately, but we are unable to learn al the present time much concerning them. We shall, however, relate all that has been learned of them. Soper, Joseph — see biography. Joseph Earl, Crispin Bull, Luther Colvin and Micah Vail were all active and useful men. There is no record of any meeting being held by tbe proprietors in 1765, and, if any was held the record is lost The next meet ing of the proprietors of which we bave any account, was held at tbe house of Enos North rup, in Charlotte Precinct, Feb. 27, 17G6. The territory in this State west of Green Mountains, waa then included in this pre cinct, and a county by the name of Charlotte was constituted in 1772, by the government of N. Y., which then claimed jurisdiction over the New Hampshire Grants. The northern boundery of Arlington and Sunder land was the southern boundery of the coun ty of Charlotte. The house of Enos North rup was situated iu the southern part of that county, or in tbe northern part of what is now Bennington County. Capt Michael Haskins waa moderator of that meeting, aud it waa voted that 60 acres in a square form, of the undivided land at the "mill place" be given to the person or per sons, who would erect a grist and saw-mill there. This "mill-place" refers to the same spot where the first mill was afterwards built, on the west side of the stream, opposite the mill now owned by Nelson Kelly. No one availed themselves of thia offer until a number of years afterwards. Tbe annual meeting of 1766. waa held in Armenia Precincl, Mar. 27— Samuel Eose, moderator. Tbe doinga of this meeting are not of nuu'h importance. It was voted not to make another division of land at present, and sufiicient laivl was to be loft for a road be.lwoon tho township of Danby and Har wick. Il was also voted lo give Samuel Eoso all the land between No. 65 and the Harwick line, for his past services, which included nearly oije whole share of 100 acres. Among the settlers who came in the spring of 1767, were Timothy Bull, Stephen Calkins, Seth Cook, Nathan Weller and Peter Irish, each of whom erected a log-cabin, and com menced felling the forest They brought their families with them, together with cattle and swine. Timothy Bull settled near his son Crispin, in the south part of the town. Calkins settled where William Herrick now lives, and afterwards built a grist and saw mill where Nelson Kelly now lives. Cook settled south of tbe Corners, on what has since been known as the " Cook farm." Weller located himself a little north of the residence of William Otis, since known as the " Weller farm."' Peter Irish pitched on the farm now owned by Nelson Colvin. These settlers by most dilligent toil, in which all tha members of the families bore their part, soon had sufiicient clearing to raise grain and potatoes enough to keep them from fear of actual want. As not much hay was rais ed for several years, it was rather difflcult to provide for the cows during the winter. But wilh a scanty supply of hay, and tha help of browse wbich was plenty, they were comfort ably wintered. Tbe proprietors held two meetings in 1768, one M.ar. 8th, at the house of Samuel Smith, and the other Apr. 1st, at the house of Joseph Mabbits, in Armenia Precinct Samuel Rose, moderator. After this, meetings were held in the township, which was being settled quite rapidly. Settlements now began lo be made in the north and west part of the town, and in the fall of 176S, several had located themselves along Otter Creek. There were quite a number came to settle during 1768, among whom were Thomas Rowley, John Stafford, Jesse Irish, Daniel Vanolendo, Nalhaniel Fisk and Joseph Sprague. There were al that time some 20 families in town — population about 60. In the divisions of land, there aeems to have been a regular system of surveys. Some of the settlers bad located upon the undi vided land, while others settled upon the rights purchased of the proprietora. The circumstances attending the proprietorship of the town, had given riae to a claaa called "land jobbers," and speculators, who now began to purchase the land of the original grantees, and in many cases paid but a nom inal sum. Actual settlers were often obliged to pay these speculators a heavy price, which DANBY. 581 was for a time some hindrance to the settle ment of the town. The price was known to range aa high as $ 15 or $ 20 per acre. This state of affairs, taken in connection with the troubles with New York, rendered the prog ress of settlement slow for a number of years. At this period, tbe troubles between New Hampshire and New York, were beginning to be embarrassing to the settlers. OEGANIZATION. The flrst annual town meeting was held Mar. 14, 1769, at the house of Mr. Timothy Bull, who then lived near the present resi dence of Ezra Harrington, — Timothy Bull, moderator, Thomas Eowley, town clerk; Stephen Calkins, Seth Cook and Crispin Bull, selectmen ; Daniel Vanolendo, constable ; Nathan Weller, treasurer ; Peter Irish, col lector ; John Stafford, surveyor ; Joseph Earl, Stephen Calkins and Seth Cook, com mittee lo lay out highways. A town meeting was held Sept. 29, 1769, to see where it was best to lay out highways Voted lo lay out 5 roads. The first as mark ed from the notch in the mountain to Joseph Earl's which was the first road built in town; thence to be laid to Micah Vail's ; a road also to run from Micah Vail's house north, and one to run east. Another was laid out from the house of Jesse Irish to the house of Nathaniel Fisk. Irish then lived iu the northern part of the towu and Fisk in the eastern. In 1769, the proprietors made a 2d 60-acre division of land', laid out by Thomas Eowley, Stephen Calkin and Crispin Bull, appointed a committee a committee for that purpose. — Two lots were laid out and disposed of, to pay the expense of making this division. Another lot of 60 acres was disposed of for building and mending roads. Stephen Cal kins was appointed a committee to take charge of the proceeds, after disposing of the land, and use them to the best advantage for that purpose. The annual town meeting, 1770, was held at the house of Timothy Bull, moderator ; Crispin Bull and Seth Cook elected highway surveyors. The proprietors made a 3d divi sion of land this year, by their committee, Jesse Irish, Micah Vail and Thomas Eowley. of 50 acres lo each right This division was made by pitches, and the lots laid out adjoin ing in regular form. The proprietors then drew lots for the day when each should make his pitch, which took place Oct. 3d. The town meetings continued to be held at the house of Timothy Bull until 1773, when they were held at the house of Mr. William son Bull. We have no means of knowing what the population of the town was at that time, as there was no regular census made until 1791. But it is very evident that not withstanding all the hinderances, the town was being settled with great rapidity. The troubles with New York were now at their height, and tbe people here as well as else where on the "grants," vied witb each other in resisting the unjust measures which were being imposed. The settlers were banded together, and under the leadership of Ethan Allen promptly met every attempt on the part of the colony of New York to extend her rule over them, and to gain a foothold on their soil. The annual meeting 1773, waa tield at tha house of Williamson Bull — Micah Vail, moderator. Town meetings were afterwards held at the house of Micah Vail. That part of the town, at that lime being most thickly settled. Eoads were increasing, so that in 1773, it required three surveyors, Stephen Calkins, Ephraim Seley and Phillip Griffith. The surveyors in 1772, were Joseph Sprague, Abel Haskins and Micah Bull. Calkins was surveyor on the north roads from Tinmouth, Seley on roads in the south part of the town, and Griffith on the roads upon the east side. Hogs were not allowed to run without being yoked. Joseph Soula waa elected town clerk in 1773, in place of Thomas Rowley, who had been town clerk, since the town was organized. Ephraim Seley and Micah Vail were appointed a com mittee to »eceive tha town's books and de liver tbem to the new clerk. The annual meeting 1774, was held at tha house of Micah Vail, moderator. There were three assessors chosen this year, for the first time ; William Gage, Ephraim Seley and William Bromley Ephraim Mallory was moderator of the an nual meeting 1775, and four highway survey ors were elected, viz. Abraham Chase, Wil liam Gage, Stephen Eogers and Clark Ar nold; assessors, William Bromley, William Gagi and Stephen Calkins. The people of the different towns were holding meetings and conventions, in refer- 582 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ence to the general safety of tha inhabitants on tha grants. A meeting was held at the houso of Micah Vail, Jan. 30th, to appoint delegates, to attend a general meeting of del egates from the different towns, to be held at the house of Mr. Martin Powell in Manches ter, Jan. Slst Joseph Soule was modertor of this meeting, and Micah Vail, Ephraim Seley and Joseph Soule appointed delegates. The difficulty with New York involved their dearest rights, and raised thoir indigna tion lo the highest pitch, and was just on the point of breaking out into open hostility when the news of the battle of Lexington reached the settlers. Il found them in readi neaa at a minute's warning, to defend their homes. The settlers of the town were united, as they had hitherto been, against their com mon enemy. The proprietors held a meeting in April, 1776, at the house of William Bromley, Ephraim Seley, moderator, and voted a 4th division of 50 acres to each right, by " pitch es," the same as in the 3d ; committee to la-y out the land, William Bromley, Wing Eog ers, Ephraim Seley, John Wood and William Gage, and to commence the Ist of May fol lowing; William Bromley appointed propri etor's clerk. At the annual meeting, 1776, Mr. William Bromley was elected town clerk, and a com mittee of five to grant warrants to surveyors, and see if the roads were properly worked. The warrants empowered surveyors to dis train the goods and chattels of all delin quents and dispose of them by public auc tion, and appropriate the proceeds for the use of highways. The three assessors for that year were Joseph Sprague, Seth Cook and Abraham Chase. May 4, 1776, a meeting at th^ house of Micah Vail, to appoint a committee of safety. David Irish, moderator; Micah Vail, Wil liam Gage and David Irish, appointed a com mittee of safety for the town, durin" the then [U-esont Continental Con.^ress ; a com- mitlee of five also appointed, to take charge of the public rights as granted by the char ter, viz. Joseph Soule, Joseph Sprague, Philip Griffith, Micah Vail and Abraham Chase. A road was laid out that year from Ephraim Seley's to Mosoa Vail's and the Otter Creek road, making aome 10 or 12 roads in lown at that time; all laid 4 rods wide. In the convention which met at the honsa of Cephas Kent, in Dorset, Sept. 25, 1776 Danby was represented by Micah Vail and William Gage. The following is a copy of a paper, now in my hands, which was presented to Capt. Micah Vail, in 1774, by Ethan Allen. " EEMARKS, &C., ON SOME LATE LAWS PASSED IN NEW TOEK. Hia excellency Governor Tryon, in con formity to the addresses of the General Assemblv of the Colony of New York, hav ing on the 9th day of Mar., 1774, with the Advice of his Council, issued his Proclama tion, offering therein large Sums of Money for the purpose of apprehending and impris oning the following Persons, viz.: Ethan Allen, Selb Warner, Remember Baker. Rob ert Cochran, Peleg Sunderland. Silvanos Brown, James Breakenridge, and John Smith. And whereas his Excellency the Governor, by the same Proclamation, hath strictly en joined and commanded all Magistrates, Jus tices of the Peaee. Sheriffs, and other civil Officers of the Counties of Albany and Char lotte, to be active and vigilant in appre hending and imprisoning the Persons above named, and we the aforesaid Persons, whose Names are hereunto afSxt, being conscious that our Cause is good and equitable, in the ¦¦Sight of God, and all unprejudiced and hon est Men, are determined at all Events, to maintain and defend the same, 'till hia Maj esty's Pleasure shall be known, concerning the Validity of the New Hamp.shire Grants. And we now proclaim to the Public, not only for ourselves, but for the New Hampshire Grantees and Occupants in general; that tho Spring and moving Cause of our Opposition to the Government of Now York, was self- preservation, v.z. Firstly, the Preservation and maintaining of our properly: And secondly. Since that Goverument is so in censed against us, therefore it stands us in hand to defend our lives; for it appears by a late set of Laws passed by tbe Legislature thereof, tbat the lives, and property of the Now Herapshire Settlers are manifestly struck at ; but that the Publick mav rightly under stand the Essence of the Controversy; we now proclaim to those Lawgivers, and to the World, that if the New York Patentees will remove their Patents that have been subse- qiiently lapped and laid on the New Hamp shire Charters, and quiet us in our Posses sions, agreeable to his Majesty's Directions, and suspend those criminal Prosecutions against us, for being Rioters (as we are un justly denominated) theu will our Settlers be orderly and submissive Subjects to Govern- ment ; but be it known to that despotic Fraternity of Law-Makers, and Law-Break- ers, that wa will not be fool'd or frightened out of our property; tbey have broke over his Majesty's express Prohibitions, in patent ing those Lands, and when they act in Con- D.4NBY. 583 formity to the regal Authority of Great Britain, it will be soon enough for us to obey them. It is well known by all wise and sensible Persona in the neighbouring Govern ments, (that have animadverted on the Con troversy) that their pretended Zeal for good order and Government, is falicious, and that they aim at the Lands and Labours of the Grantees and Settlers aforesaid ; and that they subvert the good and wholesome Laws of the Realm, to corroberate with, and bring about their vile and mercinary purposes. And in as much as tbe Malignity of tbeir Disposition towards us, hath flamed to an immeasurable and murtherous Degree, they have in their new-fangled Laws, calculated for the Meridian or the New-Hampshire Grants, passed the 9th of March, 1774, so calculated them, as lo correspond with the Depravedness of their Minds and Morals, in them Laws they have exhibited their genuine Pictures. The Emblems of their insatiable avaricious, overbearing, inhuman, barbarous, and blood-guiltiness of Disposition and In tentions is therein portraited in that trans parent Image of themselves, which cannot fail lo be a Blot and an infamous Reproach to them and their Posterity — We cannot snppose that every of his Majesty's Council, or that all the Members of tbe General As sembly were concerned and active in passing ' so bloody and unconstitutional Set of Laws : undoubtedly many of them disapproved thereof; and it is altogether po.ssible, that many that were active in miakiiig the Laws were imposed upon by false Representations, and acted under mistaken Views of doing Honor to Government; but be this as it will, il appears that there was a Majority. And il has been too much the Case with that Government, for a Number of designing Schemers aud Land-Jockeys, to rule the same. Let us take a View of their former narrow and circumscribed Boundaries, and how that by Legerdemain, Bribery, and De ceptions of one Sort or other, they have ex tended their Domain far and wide ; they have rangled with, and encroached on all their neighboring Governments ; they have used all Manner of Deceit and Fraud to accomplish their Designs: their Tenants groan under their Usery and Oppression ; and they have gained, as well as merited, the Disapprobation and Abhorrence of their neighbors ; and the innocent Blood which they have already shed, call for Heaven's Vengeance on their guilty Heads ; and if they should come forth in Arms against ua, thousands of their injured 'fcnd dissatisfied Neighbors in the several Governments, will join witb us, lo cut off, aud extirpate such an execrable Race from the Face of the Earth. This piece is not supposed to contain a full Answer to the new constructed Set of Laws aforesaid, for such a large Two-Year old, hath never been seen in America, it being of an enormous and monstrous Birth ; nor is il supposed to give the Legislators their full Characters; But so much and a little more may suffice lor the Present. To quote tha Laws, and make Remarks ihereon, would ba Matter sufficient for a Volume; However, we will m.ike a few short Remarks thereon. I. Negatively, it is not a Law for the Province of New-York in general, but II. Positively, it is a Law but for Part of the Counties of Albany and Charlotlee, viz. such Parts thereof as are covered with New-Hamp-hiie Charters, and it is well known those Grants compose but a minor Part of the Inhabitants of the said Province; and we have no representative in that As sembly. The first Knowledge we had of said Laws was the Completion of them, which informed us, that if we assembled, three or more of us together to oppose that which they call legal Authority, we shall be adjudged Felons; and suffer tbe Pains of De.ith ; and that same Fraternity of Plotters knew, as well as we, and tne Generality of the People in the adjacent Colonies, that they have for a number of years last past, end- avored to exerci-e sucb a Course of that which the}' call Law, that they had not been opposed by tbe people of these Grants, (called a MOB) in the executing the same, they would before this Time have been in Posses sion of that Territory, for which the Laws aforesaid are calculated : Therefore the Case stands thus ; if we oppose civil Officers in taking Possession of our Farms, we are by these Laws denominated Felons, or if we de fend and aid our Neighbours, who have been indicted Rioters only for defending our Pro perty, we are adjudged Felons for that also. In fine, every Opposition to their monarchial Goverument ia deemed Felony, and at the End of every such Sentance there is tha Word Death: And the same Laws further impow-'r the respective Judges, provided any Persons to the Number of three or more, that shall oppose any Magistra e or civil Officer, and are not taken, that after a legal Warn ing of Seventy Days, if they do not come and yield themselves up to certain officers appointed for the Purpose of securing them; then it shall be lawful for the Judges afore said, to award Execution of Death; the same as though he or they had been convicted or attained before a proper Court of Judicature, &c. The candid reader will doubtless ob serve, tbat the diabolical Design of this Law is, to obtain possession of the New Hamp shire Grants, or lo make the people that de fend them outlaws, and so kill tbem whera- ever they can catch them. Those bloody Lawgivers know we are nece.ssitated to oppose their execution of Laws where it points directly at Property, or give up our property ; but there is ona Thing which is a Matter of consolation to us, viz. that printed Sentences of Death will not kill us, when we are at a Distance ; and if the Executioners approach ua, they will be as likely lo fall victims to death as we : And that person or Country of Persons ara Cowards indeed, if they cannot as manfully 581 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. fight for tbeir Liberty, Property & Life, as Villana can to deprive tbem thereof. The New-York Scbeiiiers accuse us of many Things, part of which are true, and jiart are not; witii respect lo resi-uing Prisoners for Di-lit, it is false: As lo a-siiming Judicial Piiw.rs, we bave not, exce]it a well regulaied (!oiiiliiii!ition of the !'(-ople, to defend their just rights, mny bo calb d so. As to forming onrsi Ives into .Military Order, and assuming Military Commands, the New-York I'os.seys and Military Preparntions, Opfire-sions, &c., obliged us to do it: Probablv .Mes 'r^. Duane, Kemp and Banjor, of New York, will not di.-eommend us for so expedient a preparntion; more ' ^]H-i-iiilly, since the de crees of the 9th of March, are yet to be put in Execution: and we flutter ourselves. upon occasion, we can muster as good a Regiment of Marksmen and Sealpers, as America can afford; and we now give the Gentlemen above n.imed, together with Mr. Brush and Col. Tenbroaek, and in fine, all the Land-Jobers of New York, an invitation to come and view the dexterity of our regi ment ; and we cannot think of a better Time for that purpose tban when tbe executioners come to kill some or all of us, by Virtue of tbe Authority their judges have lately re ceived, to award and sentmce us to Deaih in our absence. There is stdl one more no table Complaint against us, Vjz. that we have insulted and menaced several Majis- trates, and other civil Officers so tbat they dare not execute their respective Functions: this is true so far as it relates to the Majes- trates: but the Public should be informed what the Functions of those Majestrates are: they are commissioned for the sole Purpose of doing us all the barm and mischief thev possibly can, thro' their administration and Influence ; and that they might be subser vient to the wicked designs of the New York Schemers, these are their Functions; ond the Public need no farther Pioof than the con sideration that they are the Tools of those extravagant Law-Makers; and it must be owned, they acted with great udpeme' t, in choosing the most infernal Instruments for their purpose. Draco, the Athenian Law-giver, caused a Number of l.nws (in m.any Respects analiigous to th"se we havo been speaking of) to be written in blood; But our modern Diacos determine to I. ave theirs verified in blood: They well know we shall more tban three, nay mtJio than three tinios three Thousand assi'iiilile together, if Need be, to maintain our common Cause, till his Majesty deter mines who shall be and remain the Owners of the Land in Contest, "Will not thou ].o.ssess tbat which Chemoth thy Cod giveth thee to ]HisRes8 :" So will we posHisa that which the Lord our God (and Kin^;) giveth ua to po.ssess. And lastly we address ourselves to the People of the Counties of Albany and Char lotte, which inhabit to the Westward of, and are situated contiguous lo tbe New- Hamp shire Grants. Gentlemen, Friends, and Neighbors, Providence having allotted and fixed the bounds of our Habitations in the same Vicinity, which together with the free intercourse of Trade and Commerce, hath formed an almost universal Acquaintance, and Tye of Friendship between us, and hath laid such a Foundation of Knowledge, that your people in general cannot but be sensible that the Title of our Lands ia in reality the Bone of Contention; and that as a people we behave ourselves orderly , and are indus trious and boneatly dis[iosed ; and pay just Defference to Order and Government; and that we mean no more by that which 'is called tbe M"b, but to defend our just Rights, and Properties: we appeal lo the Gentlemen Merchants, to inform whether our People in general do not exert themselves to pay their just Debts ; and whether they bave ever been hindered by the country's Mob, in the col lection of th'-ir Dues: But as the Magistrates, Sheriffs, Under-.'Sheriffs, Coroners and Con stables of the re-pective Counties that hold th-ir posts of Honour, and Profit under our bitter Enemies, we have a Jealousy, that some of them may be induced (to recommend themselves lo those on whom tbey are de pendent, and for the Wages of unrighteous ness offered by Proclamations) lo presume to apprehend some of us, or onr Friends; We therefore adveitise such Officers, and all per sons what-oever, that we are resolved to inflict immeiliate Death on whomsoever may attempt the s.ime; and provided, any of us or our Party be taken, and we have not No tice sufficient to relieve tbem, or whether we relieve them or not, we are resolved to sur round such Person or Persons whether at his or their own House or Houses, or any where that we can find him or them, and shoot such Person or Persons dead : and furthermore tbat we will kill and destroy any Person or Persons whomsoever, that shall presume to be accessary, aiding or assisting in taking any of us aforesaid ; for by these presents we give any such disposed Person or Persons to understand that, although they have a Licence by tbe Law aforesaid, to kill us; & an " Indemnification . . . for such Mur- ther from the same authority: yet they have no Indemnification for so doing, from the GREEN-MOUNTAIN BOYS ; for our Lives, Liberties and Projierties, are as verily pre cious to us, as to any of the King's Subjects; and we are as loyal to hia Majesty or h s Governnient, as any subjects in the Province; But if tbe tJovernmental Authority of New- York, will judge in their own case, and act in opposition to that of Great Brillain, and insist upon killing us, to take possession of our Vineyards; come on, we are ready lo take a Game of Scalping with them ; for our marsball spirits glow with bitter Indignation, and conaumale Fury to blast their Infernal Projectiona. It may be, tbe reader, not having seen the Laws referred lo in this Piece, and not being thoroughly acquainted with tha long and DANBY. 585 spirited Conflict that hath subsisted between the Claimants under New-Hampshire and New- York, nor of tbe progressive, arbitrary and monopolizing Disposition of the Court- Party of the latter of these Provinces ; may be apt to imagine that tbe Spirit of thia Writing is too severe, inasmuch as it destines whoever presumes lo take us Felons or Eioters, to immediate Death. But let tbe Wise consider the State of the Cause; 1. Provided we on onr Part be taken, we have by them Laws the Sentence of Death already pronounced against us, on proviso more than three of us assemble together to maintain and defend our property till his Majesty de termine the Controversy. And 2. May it be considered that the legislative Authority of the Province of New- York had nd Eight or constitutional Power to inake such Laws, and consequently that they are null and void, from the Nature and Energy of the English Constitution ; therefore as tbey have no place among the Laws of the Eealm of Great Brillain, but are the arbitrary League and combination of our bitter and merciles enemies, who lo obtain our Properly, have inhumanly, barbarously and maliciously, under the specious and hypocritical Pretence of legal Authority, and Veneration for order and Government, have laid a Snare for our lives. Can the Public censure us for exert ing ourselves nervously lo preserve our Lives in so critical a Situation ; for by the Laws of the Province into wich we are unfortunat- ly fallen, we cannot be protected in either Property or Life, except we give up tbe first to preserve the latter ; so we are resolved to maintain both, or lo hazard or loose both. From hence follows a necessary Inference, that inasmuch as our Property, nay, our Lives, cannot be protected, (but manifestly struck at) by the highest Authority of the Province, in which we at present belong, thjsrefore in the interim, while hia Majesty is determining the Controversy, and till he shall interpose his roval Authority, and sub ject the Authority aforesaid to their Duty, or reannex the District of disputed Lands to tbe Province qf New- Hampshire, or some Way in his great Wisdom and Fatherly Clemency, put the distressed Settlers under New-Hampshire, on an equal Footing with our Brother Subjects in his Realm, we are under a Neceasity of resisting unto Blood, every Person who may attempt to take ua aa Fellona or Eioters as aforesaid ; for in this case it is not resisting Law, but only oppos ing Force by Force ; therefore inasmuch as by the Oppressions aforesaid, the New- Hampshire Settlers are reduced to the disa greeable State of Anarchy, in which State we hope for Wisdom, patience and Fortitude, till the happy Hour nis Majesty shall gra ciously be pleased to restore us to the privi leges of Englishmen. signed pr Ethan Allen, Dated at Ben- Seth Waenee, nington, Eemembee Bakbb, April 15th, 1774. Eobebi Cochean, Peles Sundeeland. John Smith, Silvanus Beown. N. B. Whereas Mr. James Breakenridge hath the Honor lo be enroled a Eioter with us we can assure the Public, that this worthy Gentleman hath never been concerned with us in any Mob whatsoever ; but tbat ha bath always relied on a good Providence and the legal Authority of Great Britain, for the Confirmation of the New- Hampshire Char ters : Exclusive of any other Measures what soever." Tbe following verse attached to the above was composed by Thomas Rowley. When Caesar reigned King at Roiue; Saint Paul was sent tu hear his Doom; But the Roman Law in a criminal Case, Must have the Accuser Face to Face, Or Csesar gives a flat Denial. But here'b a Law mado now of late. Which destines man to awful Fate, And hangs and damns without a Tryal ;' Which made me view all Nature through. To find a Law where men were try'd B,v legal. Act, which doth exact Man's Lives before tliey are try'd. Then down I took the Sa:red Book, And turn'd the Pages o'er. But could not iinn one of this Kind, By God or Man before. T. R. Upon the back of the above paper, is a letter, addresaed to Capt. Vail, and written by Ethan Allen himself, which reads as follows : " To Capt Micah Veal at Danbe. Sr. I Make You a Present of this Paper, and if on a Perusal You Should approve thereof, it would add Greatly to my Satisfac tion as I Should hope You would be animat ed to form the Infiabilants of your Town Into Military Order, and Assume Your for mer Command and Assist us in Humbling the Haughty Land-jobbers at N. York. If such an Event should Take place in your Town it would be Grealfully acknowledged by tha Green Mountain Boys & Particulal-ly by Your Friend and humble Servant, Ethan Allen." The foregoing paper was preserved by Ca leb Parris, and now belongs to his son, John S. Parris, Esq. The town meeting of 1777 was held at the house of Micah Vail ; Thomas Rowley, mod erator; Luther Colvin, Stephen Calkins and Abraham Chase, appointed assessors. The town was divided into 6 highway districts ; Asa Haskins, Joseph Day, Wing Rogers, Crispin Bull, Jonathan Irish and Luther Col vin, appointed the aurveyors ; Wing Rogers, hayward or "hog constable," the first who ever occupied that office in this town. The office of fence-viewer was also created that year, and William Gage and John Wood elected to that office ; a pound, also establish- 586 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ed for the first time, situated on the road between Aaron Bull's and Micah Vail's — Edward Vail chosen pound-keeper. The committee of safety for thia year were Wil liam Gage, Thomas Rowley and Micah Vail. A town meeting was also called the 23d of June, to appoint two delegates to attend tho general convention to be held at Windsor, on the 2d day of July following, for the pur pose of framing a constitution for the New State. Col. Thomas Chittenden and Capt. William Gage were chosen to represent the town of Danby in that convention. It was an eventful year for tbe people of this town, as well as others throughout the grants. The battle of Hubbardton was fought July 7th, and the situation of affairs at that time was somewhat alarming. No one knew how soon he would be called upou to go into battle, or how soon his own fields would be the scene of strife. The theatre of warfare was soon transfer red to the southern part of the State. A por tion of Burgoyne's army, sent lo scour tbe country, after the battle of Hubbardton, passed through this town on their way to join the main army, and it is said the inhab itants were greatly alarmed at the sight of the British soldiers. A company of militia was formed here about that time, and joined Col. Warner's regiment, at Manchester. They were engaged in the battle of Benning ton, which was fought Aug. 16th, sometime after which they returned to their homes, to save, if po-sible, their unharvested crops, or enough to last them through tha winter. We are told that a number of acres of crops in this town were not harvested that year. At a town meeting, June 23, 1777, an ad ditional committee of safety was appointed. Col. Thos. Chittenden, Joseph Spr.ague and William Bromley, and two additional select men, Ephraim Seloy and Thomas Rowley, and Edward Vail, assessor, to assist the other three elected at the last annual meeting, Stephen Rogera having refuaed lo act as treasurer, Stephen Calkina waa appointed to fill his placo. During the months of July and August of that year, scouting parties of the British were sent all over the country. Tbey sup poaed that a large portion of tha inhabitants on the New Hampshire grants were opposed to the rebellion, and that il was necessary only, to march an army through their coun try, and furnish them with arms, to bring them over to the royal standard ; very few, however, were found willing to abandon tha cause of their country for that of the King. Il is said that there were tories in towu at tbat time, but the settlers were generally true to the American causa. A few who were considered tories, were shot near their own door. There ia a large rock on tbe farm owned by Isaac Nichols, behind which, as tradition says, Tories used lo hide, which has given it the name of "Tory rock." There is one instance of confiscated estate in this lown, which will appear from the fol lowing order, copied from the Journal of the " Council of Safety," at Bennington. "In Council of Safety, Jan. 16th, 1778. To , aud the rest of the heirs of -, late of Danby, deceased, you are hereby notified to appear before this Council, on Thursday the 22a instant, lo show cause if any you have, why the real estate of , aforesaid, shall not be confiscated to this state By order of Council, Thomas Chittenden, Prest. Joseph Fat, Sec'y. It had now become necessary for the lown to raise some money to pay current expenses, and for the support of the militia. The se lectmen had disbursed considerable sums of money, and engaged more for the purpose of encouraging the militia and for other uses. The listers had been therefore, at tbe last town meeting in June, instructed to take a list of all the ratable estate possessed by the inhabitants of the town, as soon as possible, aud return the same to the selectmen and committee of safely for the town, who were to mako out a tax of six per cent on said list, and deliver the same to the constable for collection. This was lo be paid into the treasury, and drawn out by orders signed by tho selectmen or committee of safety. The law at tbat time required the list to be taken in the following manner, viz. All male persona in town from 16 yeara old to 60, were set in the list, each person at £ 6 ; every ox or steer, of 4 years old and up wards, at £ 4 each ; each steer or heifer of 3 years old, and each cow £3; each steer or heifer of 2 years, £2 ; each steer or heifer of 1 year old, £1; each horae or mare, of 3 years old or upwards, £3; all horse kind of 2 years old, £2; all horse kind of 1 year old, £ 1 each ; all swine of 1 year old or up- DANBY. 587 ¦yrard, £1 each. Every person having money on hand, or due them, over and above all debts charged thereon, the same was put in the annual list, at the rate of £6 for every £100, and in case the listers suspected any person had not given iu the full aum of mon ey OH hand, or due as aforesaid, the listers were empowered lo call such per.son or per sons before them, there to give in such list on oath. All lands after being improved for oneyear, either for pasture, plowing or mow ing, or stocked with gra.sa, and within inclos ure, were set in the list at 10 s. per acre. Mills were also :nsessed at the discretion of the listers, acco-ding to the particular im provements or advantages thereof, also, work houses and work-shops. Attornies at law w«re assessed at the discretion of the listers, the least practitioner, £ 50, and the others in proportion, according to their practice. Min isters of the gospel were exempted from tax es, as well as persons disabled by sickness, lameness or other infirmities. The grand list of the towu for the year 1777, amounted to nearly £250, or $832.50, six per cent, of which would raise a tax of $49.95, which was thought sufficient to pay the expenses of tbe town for that year. This was the first grand list taken in this town of which we have any knowledge. Another meeting was called Dec. 23cl, at the house of Edward Vail, but was adjourn ed until tbe first Tues., Feb. 1778. At this adjourned meeting, Stephen Calkins was ap pointed an additional member of the commit tee of safety, and Thomas Rowley, chairman of that committee. At that time nearly all the affairs of the town were managed by this committee. The British army having been defeated and driven from the vicinity of Vermont in the Fall of 1777, the settlers of the town who had served with the militia in repelling the invasion of Burgoyne, now be gan to return, and the inhabitants were al lowed once more to devote their attention lo their civil and domestic affairs. To show the character of the settlers which then peopled the grants, we will give below an extract from a letter which Burgoyne wrote to Lord Germain, Aug. 20, 1777, in which lie says "the Hampshire grants in par ticular, a country ui^eopled and almost un known in the last war, now abounds in the most active and most rebellious race on the continent,- and hangs like a gathering storm on my left." The annual town meeting of 1778 was held at tha house of Edward Vail, and Abraham Chase was moderator ; Luther Colvin, Abra ham Chase and Edward Vail, assessors ; Wing Eogers, hayward ; William Gage, John Wood and Edward Vail, fence-viewers ; com mittee of safety for that year, Capt William Gage, Lieut. Stephen Calkins, Thomas Eow ley, William Bromley and John Sweat; Edward Vail, pound-keeper. On the l2th of Mar. 1778, a petition was presented to tha Legislature of Vermont, then in session al Windsor, from 16 towns on the east side of Connecticut Eiver, pray ing to be admitted to a union with Vermont. The Legislature being somewhat embarrassed by this application, voted lo refer tho ques tion to the people. Meetings were held in all the towns in the State for this purpose, and a majority of them were in favor of tha union. The inhabitants of Danby held a meeting for the purpose of voting upon this question, at the house of Edward Vail, the 9th day of April, and voted not in favor of the proposed uuion, and the committee of safety were instructed to make a report to this effect, to the Legislature, which was to meet in June following, at Bennington. Thomaa Eowley was the first repreeentative sent from this town, to the General Assembly, which met at Windsor iu 1778. There was put upon the records of tha town, in 1778, " ^ roll of the freemen of Danby," viz. William Gage, jr., Caleb Colvin, William Bromley, Jonathan Sprague, Daniel Brom ley, Ezekiel Ballard, Ebenezer Day, John Sweat, Joseph Day, Luther Colvin, Levi Sherman, George Gage, Charles Bromley, Thomas Eowley, jr., Stephen Calkins, Thos. Allen, Eichard Latten, Edward Vail, Titus Colvin, John Gage, Abel Haskins, Thomaa Rowley, Capt William Gage, Job Congor, Enoch Congor, Isaac Gage, Reubin Towers, .'essie Tuttle, Micah Wilson, Henry Herrick, Jerimiah Merrithew, Samuel Barlow, Con stant Vail, Obediah Edmunds, Obediah Allen, Roger Williams, John Hambletou, Nathan Rowley, Holmes Perkins, William Merrithew, William Garrett, Gideon Bur- lingin, Joseph Wilbur, Elisha Fish, Mathew Wing, Abraham Stewart, Reubin Rowley, Joseph Sprague, Joseph Sprague, jr., Bethuel Bromley, Ebenezer Wilson, Stephen Wil liams, Jeremiah Griffith, Elihu Benson, Amos 588 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Brown, Gideon Tabor, John Haviland, Lem uel Griffith, Thomas Dennes, Water Tabor, Henry Lewia, Dennis Lobdell, John How ard, Selathel Alhee, Benjamin Brownell, John Harrington, Benjamin Tanner, Heza- kiah Eastman, Mathew Wing, Charles Leg gett, Jesse Irish, jr., Phillip Sherman, Joshua Herrick, John Lobdell, John Brock, .-\ntho- ny Day, Aaron Griffith, Jonathan Irish. David Howard, Caleb Green, Pelilia Soper, Dennis Lobdell, jr., Jacob Eddy, Joseph Fowler, Ebenezer Merry, Caleb Phillips, Dr. Ebenezer Toliuan, Lawrence Johnston, Josh ua Bromley, William Bromley, 21, Job Palmer, David Coonly, John Holmes, David Irish, John Stafford, James Porter, John Marten, Gideon Baker, William Wing, Ste phen Buxton, William Lee. The above list does not contain the names of all the males over 21 years of age, in town at that time. We find tbat Abraham Chase, Wing Rogers, Ephraim Seley, Aaron Bull and Asa Haskins, and some others were resi dents of the town, and over 21 years of age, whose names do nol appear on that roll Perhaps other names were omitted, but it doubtless contains the names of nearly all the freemen here at tbat time. Some of the persons whose names are on the roll, were children of the settlers, having come here with their parents. Among these were Wil liam Gage, jr., Joseph Sprague, jr., William Bromley, 2d, Charles and Daniel Bromlej', Reubin and Nathan Rowley, Jesse Irish and Thomas Rowley, jr., and some others. The Maroh meeting of 1779, was held at the house of El ward Vail; Thomas Eowley, moderator. New offices were created that year, among which was the office of lister, leather-sealer, town grand-juror and tytbing- man. Edward Vail, Isaac Gage and Luther Colvin were appointed listers ; William Ed munds, leather-sealer ; Stephen Williams, grand-juror; Abid Haskins, tythinginau; and Eoger Williams, ha3'ward. But •') higliw;iy surveyors were appointed that year, viz. Daniel Bromley, Edward Vail, Ebenezer Wilson, Caleb Colvin, and Israel Seley. Another town tax was voted lo pay the in- dobtednoss of the town for tho year ensuing, and it waa voted to hold future lown-meol- inga at tho houae of Stephen Calkina, and warninga for which wero to be set up at the houae of Edward Vail, William Gage and William Russell. All persons residing in town at that time, and not having any real estate, thereby ex posing the town to cost and charge, were warned out of the town. The following is a copy of such warrant from the records: Danby, April ye 28th, 1779. To the Constable of the lown of Danby. Greeting: Whereas frequent complaints bath been made to us by some of the inhabitants of this town, that there hath lately coma into this town several persons and families, who still abide in town, who have no real estate, and by tbeir continuance here, the town may be exposed to cost and charge You are hereby required forthwith to warn — • and family to depart from this towu, and make return to us or eilher of us forthwith. Given under our hands tbe day and year above written. Thomas Rowley, ] ."^tephes Calkins, > Selectmen. LUTHEE COLVI.N', J Danby, the 9th d.iy of May A D., 1779, This warrant faithfully served according to law, hy me, Ebesezee Wilson, Constable. Two families were warned out of towa in 1779, two in 1733, ten in 1734, three in 1735, and two in 17S6. The annual meeting of 1730, was held at the house of Stephen Calkins — Thomas Row ley, moderator. There were five selectmen elected tbat year, and a second constaole for the first time, Reubin Eowley elected to that office. Twelve petit jurymen were chosen in 17S0, for the first time, vii.: Isaac Gage, William Bromley, Jacob Eddy, Jonathan Sprague, Edward Vail, Joseph Sprague, Ebenezer Wilson, Daniel Bromley, Jonathan Seley, Walter Gaga, Ebenez?r Sprague, Enoch Calkins and William G.ige. A committee of five were appointed at that meeting, to inspect the indebtedness of the lown, and make report at tha next meeting. Edward V.iil was elected brander of horses, — a new olUi-e create. 1 that year, and w.is agreeable to a law of the State, p.assed iu 1779, which was that each town in the State should have a brand, to brand their horses, which should be set ou every horse, and horse kind, on the near or left shoulder. The Brand for Danby was the letter " I," and the brander chosea by tbe town waa under oath, and made an entry of all horse kind Dy him so brandedi with the age and color, natural and artificial marks, in a book kept for that purpose. Each farmer also had an ear mark, which DANBY. 539 ¦was put upon hia cattle and swine. Thia ear mark was recorded by the town clerk. In 1781, tbe office of sealer of weights and measures was created, and Lieut. John Mott the first one elected to this office ; William Bromley, tylhingman; Israel Seley, bay- ward ; and Obediah Allen, brander of horses In consequence of the stale of tbe curren cy, or medium of trade, it was difficult to procure provisions to supply the army, with out calling on each town for a quota of such supplies. The quota for this town, in the year 1780, was 4284 lbs. wheat flour ; 142S lbs. of beef ; 714 lbs. of salted pork ; 123 bushels of Indian corn, and 61 1-2 bushels rye. It is said that the inhabitants began to experience some hard times. Snow fell to a great depth during the winter of 1780-81, and the weather was of unprecedented sever ity. Tbe settlers being very poorly supplied with comfortable houses, and with forage for their cattle, suffered greatly from the effects of this. The grand list of the town in 1779 was £2612 5s, or $8,609,96, in 1780 it was £2856 8s, or $9,512.70. A town tax of four per cent, was raised on this list, for the year 1780, which amounted to $380.50. In 1781, the following warrant was issued to the constable of Danby, for the collection of a direct tax, on lands in this town : the first warrant issued for the collection of a State tax in this town. "To the constable of the town of Danby. Greeting : Whereas the General Assembly at their session in Windsor, April, 1781, did grant a tax of ten shillings on each one hundred acres of land in the town of Danby, except public and college lands — This is therefore to command you to collect of the several persons owning lands in the town of Danby, ten shillings on each one hundred acres, and in the same proportion for a greater or lesser Quantity, any person or persons may respectfully own as aforesaid, and pay the same to the treasurer, on or before the first day of April next, and if any person or persons shall refuse or neglect to pay his or her or their just proportion of said tax you are commanded to distrain his, her or their goods or estate, and the same dispose of as the law directs, and also satisfy your own fees. And when there is no owner residing in town, or appears and pays the tax, on any portion of said land, you are directed lo dis pose of so much of said land in the mode prescribed by law, as to enable you to pay said tax, and also to satisfy your own fees. Given at the Treasurer's office, the llth day of November, A. D. 1781. Iba Allen, Treasurer.'' There being a good .many non-resident proprietors of land here who did not appear and pay their tax by tha time specified, a large quantity was sold at public auction the following year, at the house of Stephen Calkins, to satisfy this tax. A portion of the land was afterwards redeemed. At the annual moeting, 1783, at tha house of Stephen Calkina, Ebenezer Wilson, moder ator, il was "Voted that if any man in tbe town of Danby, shall bring the small pox into the town, by way of innoculation, or by .careless ness or neglect after having the aame, shall liable be to pay a find of ten pounds, lawful money, to the treasurer of the town." That disease waa prevailing in some of tha towns in the Country lo an alarming extent Thomas Harrington was moderator of the town meeting of 1784, in which year the office of justice of the peace was created in this town, Edward Vail chosen to that posi tion, the first who ever occupied that office in Danby, and the only one elected in 1784. A special town meeting was held Jan. 26, 1784, Eoger Williams, moderator. Daniel Sherman and Edward Vail were appointed a committee for the town, to attend a general meeting of town committees, to be held at Rutland for the purpoae of settling tbe north ern boundary line of the County. Il was voted to hold future town meetings at tha house of Abraham Chase, and that a sign post and stocks .should be set up near the house of Abraham Chase. It waa also voted to build a town pound upon the east side of the town The ereoton of a sign post and stocks, re ferred to above was agreeable lo a law of the State, passed in 1779, which act was " That every town in this State shall make and maintain at their own charge, a good- pair of stocks, with a look and key sufficient to hold and secure such offenders as shall be aentenced to ait therein; which atock shall be set in the most public place in each respective lown ; and in the same place there shall be a sign post erected and set up, at the charge of the town, and maintained in sufficient repairs; on which sign post all notifications, warrants, &c., for meetings shall be set up." According to the laws of' that time, crim inal offences were punishable by whipping on the naked back, from 10 to 100 lashes, accord ing to the nature of the offense. Another meeting of the inhabitants was called June 17, 1784, lo act upon a complaint entered to the town clerk, by several of tha tax payers, who were unable to pay their 590 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Slate tax, by reason of a scarcity of grain, which was then used for currency. Jonathan Seloy, the collector, was instructed at the above meeting, not to force a collection of those taxes until the last of November, follow ing. The selectmen were empowered to lease tha school lots, and Luther Colvin and Amos Colvin, wore appointed a committee lo lay out the 3d and 4th divisions of the school-lots in this town, which had not been laid out. Eogers Williams, Edward Vail, Ebenezer !Merry, John Haviland, Jonathan Seley, John Burl, and Capt John Vail were appointed petit jurors for 1784. Al a lown meeting held Dec. 20, Doct Ebenezer Tolman, Caleb Green, and Rowland Strafford were chosen a committee to inspect and adjust tha accounts of the town. The town meeting of 1785, was held at tbe house of Abraham Chase, having been held at tbe house of Stephen Calkins since 1780. The number of selectmen was reduced to 4 at this meeting, and tha number of high way surveyors increased to 12. An addi tional grand juryman was also elected, and lytbingmen, Jeremiah Merrithew and Thomas Dodge. The grand-list was £ 3,378. The following receipt will show the amount of provision tax against the towu of Danby in 1781, for which an extent was issued by the Commissary General in 1784. " Rutland, Oct, ye 20th, A. D. 1784. Received of Daniel Sherman and Edward Vail, in behalf of the settlement Danby, the sum of £123, 18., 9p.. in full of an extent from the Commissary Gen'l of purchase, for the slate of Vermont, against such settlement for their provision tax, for the year 1781, and also, £2, lis., 9., in full for the fees or' cost of collecting and settling said extent Asa Hale, Sheriff." Tha proprietors held a meeting on tha 3d Monday, Nov., 178,o, and voted lo lay out a 5th division of land, 55 acres to each right Jonathan Wood, surveyor, and Abraham Cbaae, Luther Colvin, Ebenezer Tolman, Thomas Harrington and Jonathan Wood, cornniitleo to see the land laid out, and settle all disputea conoofuing boundarioa. A num ber of disputea had arieen which wore all finally aettled by the above committee. Another meeting of the proprietors and inhabitants waa held on the 1st Monday, Mar., 1786, to hear the report of their committee, &c. John Burl was then appointed a com mittee to look up tha charter of the town, and have it recorded. In 1787, a 6tb anil last division of land was made, 35 acres to each right A draft was made and each pro prietor had a day in which to lay out his lot, or make his pitch. There had been aome gores left in making the surveys, which were all finally disposed of by the committee. The first grist-mill waa built about this time by Stephen Calkina. I have been una ble to ascertain tbe exact date, when this mill waa built, but as it was a short time after the Revolutionary war, it was doubt- j less not far from this period It stood npon the west side of the stream, opposite the present saw-mill of Nelson Kelley, and was a great help to the settlers, as Manchester and Salem were, previous to that time, the near est places to mill. The ledge where Calkins got his mill stones, is on the farm now owned by Henry Kelley. The irons were brought from Bennington. The Revolution was now closed, and the population of the town began to increase quite rapidly. There was a large influx of settlers during the last year or two of tbe war. A good many soldiers came to this lown, some of them remaining till their death. They were generally an enterprising and industrious class, and many of tbem succeeded in establishing a home. eevolutionaey soldiees who settled in this town, together with their rank, so far as we have ascertained : Capt. William Gage, Capt. Stephen Cal kins, Jonathan Seley, Joshua Bromley, Wil liam Roberts, Jonathan Burt, Capt. John Vail, Israel Phillips, Dennis Canfield, Abel Horton, Obediah Edmunds, Miner Hilliard, Lieut. Johu Mott, Elisha Lincoln, John Burt, Gideon Moody, William Bromley, Jon athan Crandall, Ebenezer Wilson, Henry Herrick, John Brock, Eufus Bucklin. Some of these soldiers drew pensions under the act of Congress, 1818, and all who lived until 1832, drew pensions, and a few of their widows. Tha town meeting of 1786, was held at the school-house then situated near the present residenco of Waller M. Parris. Eoads had increased so rapidly it required 14 surveyors. Town meetings were also held it the school house during the year 1786. At the annual meeting a committee consisting of John Burt, Peter Lewis and Benjamin Fowler, was ap pointed to settle with the treasurer. The DANBY. 591 petit jurors for that year, were Thomas Har rington, Ezekel Smith, Stephen WilUams, Bradford Barnes, William Garrett, Eowland Stafford, Nathan Salisbury, Caleb Green and John Vail. A meeting was held Apr. 11, for the purpose of settling some lines and bound aries, in the 1st and 2d division of land ; It was voted that the strip of land left and laid out by the proprietors for a road 8 rods wide, west of the "town plot." be left for future consideration. This road had been laid out from the Tinmouth line, north and south through the town, but waa never used for a highway. It was called a County road, running norlh through Tinmouth, which was then intended to be the County seat The grand list of 1786 was £3664 10s. A town meeting was held at the house of Abraham Chase, Sept 14, 1787, Doct. Eben ezer Tolman, moderator. A tax was voted at this meeting of two pence on the pound of the grand-list of 1786, to be paid in grain. In the fall of 1787. another list was taken, which amounted to £ 4250 5s, showing an increase of £ 585 15s in one year. The annual meeting of 1788, was also held at the house of Abra am Chase, Jacob Eddy, moderator. 5 selectmen and 5 listers were chosen for that year. There was but one pauper in lown in 1788, Sarah Barlow — the first person ever supported by the town. Zebulon Smith was hired lo lake care of her that year, for which he was to receive hia pay in grain. A town lax was voted at the above meeting, of one penny on the pound of tbe grand list, to be paid in wheat at 4s 6d, and corn at 3s per bushel. The tax, in 1789, amounted to only £ 18 ; the grand list £ 4612 6s ; in 1790 it was £ 4920 5s. In 1791, when the first census was taken, the population of Danby was 1260. A large saw-mill had been erected by Stephen Calkins and framed houaea began to be built Eapid progreaa had been made in clearing up lands, schools had been organized in several dis tricts; a large number of roads had been laid out and the population was thriving and in dustrious. In 1794, 20 highway surveyors were ap pointed for that year, and a school committee whose duty it was to make alterations in ' districts. Sheep were not allowed to ran al large that year, and another pound was built, near the house of Ephraim Seley, and the office of auditor was created and three elected, viz. Daniel Parris, Lemuel Griffith and Edward Vail. The grand list of the town amounted to £ 5570. The census of 1800 shows the population of the town to have been 1487, a gain of 281 in 9 years, by which we can see that rapid progress had been made in the settlement of the town. At tbat lime nearly every part of the town waa settled, the farms cleared up and undei cultivation ; 3 saw mills bad been built and considerable progress made in the erection of framed houses. Eoads had been built in nearly every direction ; 2 churches had become established ; and 2 stores and 3 hotels were in operation. There were but two dwelling-houses at Danby Borough, at that time, and one hotel kept by Bradford Barnes but it was ver}' thickly settled along Otter Creek, north of the village The cen tral part of the lown, in the vicinity of Dan by 4 Corners, and south from there, was at that time the most thickly settled. A settle ment had been commenced on what is now known as " Dutch Hill," by Henry Signer and others. A large number of the inhabi tants had settled in the little village, and a few had located themselves in the " Ox-bow." Tbat portion of tbe town known aa " Brom ley hollow," and " South America," had alao become quite thickly settled, and the town was in a flourishing condition, LIST OF THE FREEMEN, MADE IN 1800. Benjamin Kelly, Joseph Irish, Hatsel Kel ley, Abel Irish, Gideon Irish, Enoch Congoi, David Irish, Benjamin Sherman, Jacob Wynn, David Irish, jr., Ebenezer Smith, John Har rington, Eichard Calkins, Stephen Calkins, Alexander Barrett, William Lewis, William Cook, Deliverance Eogers, Gershom Congor, laaao Wilber, James Nichols, Eufus Rogers, Joaeph Eoas, Abraham Brown, Nathan Smith, James Bates, Joseph Bales, Nicholas Cook, Sylvanus Cook, John Barlow, Jacob Shippee, Henry Wilbur, Daniel Southwick, George C-jok, Nathaniel Harrington, IL-nry Chase, Ishmael Matteson, Elisha Southwick, Charles Wells, Charles Nichols, John Rogers, Anthony Nichols, Ezekiel Ballard, Joseph Button, Thomaa Potter, Jacob Bartlett, Nathaniel Wait, Joseph Eogers, Jamea Soule, Obadiah Edmunda, Jonathan Wood, Dan'l Cook, Mat thew Wing, Matthew Wing, jr., Timothy Bull, jr., Crispin Bull, Joseph Bull, Zoeth Allen, 592 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. John Allen, Bradford Barnes, Lemuel Griffith, Elisha Fish, Stephen Rogers, David Griffith, John H. Andrus, Jonathan Irish, jr., Peter Lewis, Abel Haskins, John Sealey, David Nichols, Rufus Colvin, D.irius Lobdell, Hen ry Frost, Micajah Weed, Cha. Phillips, John Harrington, jr.. Pardon Kelly, Jonathan Seley, Stephen Sava, Abner Blackmore, Sampson Harrington, Adam Johnston, Pet r Harrington, Miner Hilliard, Thomas Griffith Jonathan Griffith, Nathan Laphain, Moses Keith, Samuel Dow, Seth Wood, Joel Micks, James Bowling, Abraham Staples, Daniel Sherman, Daniel Cook, Isaac Ballard, Nathan Ballard, Joaeph Harris, Henry D. Hitt, Snow Randall, Constant Viol, Levi Thornton, Eichard Chalsey, George Griffith, Levi Sher man, Thomas Harrington, jr., Noah Wood, Isabad Thayer, Prince Allen, Asa Brown, Daniel Brown, Daniel Parris, John Fav, Elisha Brown, Parris Brown, Eeuben Fiak, John Allen, jr., John Buxton, Joshua Colvin, Amoa Colvin, Caleb Parris, William Ed munds, Charles Kingsbury, Peter Wooden, Isaac Rogers, Benjamin Thompson, Nathan Spaulding, Caleb Phillips, Amos Brown, Dan iel Kelley, John Northrup, Israel Phillips, Titus Colvin, Timothy Buxton, John Lewis, Nathaniel Smith, Thomas Harrington, Paul Hulett, Ezekiel Smith, John Saylea, Reuben Colvin, Elkanah Parris, Ebenezer Nichols, Amasa Smith, David Gilmore, Bethuel Brom lej', Reuben White, Jacob Eddy, Hosea Eddy, Johu Palmer, Henry Herrick, jr., Na than Weller, Gardner H.arrington, John Weller, Richard Latten, Jonathan Irish, Jon athan Staples, Edmund Potter, Jonathan Remminglon, Elisha Harrington, Jabeth Matteson, Andrew White, Levi Taft, Henry Signer, Benoni Fisk, Benjamin Fisk, Oliver Thayer, David Matteson, Job King, Joseph King, Daniel Hill, Abel Horton, Joseph Armstrong, David Comstock, Stephen Wil liams, Hosea Williams, Daniel Bromley, Henry Clark, Stephen Colvin, Caleb Colvin, Dennis Canfield, Luthor Colvin, John Clark, Nathan Clark, Moses Vail, Ephraim Seley, Harris Otia, Roswell Dart, Edmund Grin- man, William Lee, Sotli Cook, Aaron Hill, John Hill, Elisha Tryon, William Bromley, jr., William Bromloy, John Signor, Jacob Lewis, Gilbert Palmer, Edward Vail, Elihu Sherman, Nathan Saulesbury, Henry Herrick, James Conkright, Daniel Remmington, Joseph Eemmington, John Johnson, Lot Harrington, Oliver Harrington. The foregoing is supposed to be an ac curate list of the freemen in lown at that time. Wo find by comparison, that there are 59 names found upon the roll of 1778, which are not found upon the roll of 1800, some of whom had removed from town, and others had died Below will bo found a list of names taken from rolls made at intervening periods, and which are not found upon either of the other rolls, showing who had been residents of the Lown previous to 1800, but had paaaed off. Caleb Clark, Moses Clark, Joaeph Carr, Simoon Holton, Enoch Eddy, Phillip Griffith, Daniel Hulett, William Harrington, John White, Henry Wilbur, Christopher Sherman, Tohn Russell, Gideon Barnum, Abraham Chase, John Broughlon, Solomon Baker, Timothy Barnum, Samuel Irish, John Safford, Joseph .Searle, Zebulon Sprague, Israel Seley, Caleb Morey. David Carrish, William Louin, , Matteson T.i.ft. Plin Adams, Philander Bar rett. There are but few of those men now living, less than half a dozen perhaps, over whose heads the winters of four score years and ten bave passed. The annual town meeting of 1801, was held at the -Methodist meeting-house which stood west of the Corners, Ezekiel Ballard, moder ator. Elward Vail, Henry Herrick, jr., and Stephen Williams, were appointed to settle with the selectmen, and to see if the trustees had properly laid out a certain aum of money, appropriated for tha purpose of repairing the meeting-house. It was voted not to allow horses, sheep nor swiue to run at large. There wore some alterations made that year in the 4lh and 5th school-districts. Tha annual town meeting of 1802, was also held at the meeting-house, Jonathan Seley, moderator. There were 20 highway surveyors appoint ed tbat year, and another pound was built on the farm of Adam Johnson. A lown meeting was held Jan. 30, 1804, Jared Lobdell, moderator, at which it was voted lo assess a lax of five mills on the grand list of 1803, to pay the indebtedness of the lown, by which we would infer the town was not badly in debt at this time. Tho annual town meeting of 1804, was held at the bouse of Jonathan Seley, Abel Horton, moderator. It was voted to have 5 selectmen who would serve the town free of charge. Abel Horton, Johu H. Andrus, Obadiah DANBY. 593 Edmunds, Barton Bromley and Hosea Wil liams were elected, and a committee to make alterations in school districts was appointed consistiiig of Eohelh Allen, Hosea Williams, aud Nathan Sauisbury, also another commit tee, Jonathan Seley, and Edward Vail, to as sist the county committee in laying out a county road through the town. In 1805, in consequence of the drought which occurred, crops were generally a failure which caused considerable suffering among the inhabitants the following winter and spring. A apecial lown meeting was held in the spring of 1806, at the house of Henry Herrick, jr., for the purpose of instructing tha select men to collect the rents then due on the glebe land, Edward Vail moderator. From the general list of the town in 1806, we find there were 202 polls, 5269 1-2 acres of improved land, and 84 houses, tbe assessment upon which, and other property, amounted to $ 28,876.52. It was tha law at that time to add a two fold asaesam«nt to tha amount of grand liat. Militia men and cavalry horaes were exempt from taxation. Tha annual towu meeting of 1807, was held at tha meet ing-house, Daniel Parria moderator. In 1809, the annual town meeting was held at the inn of Henry Herrick, jr., John H. Andrus, moderator. A lown tax of five mills on the dollar was voted for that year, and a board of school trustees was elected con sisting of Amos Brown, Abel Horton, John Lobdel, Nathan Sauisbury, Edward Vail, Jonathan Seley, Aaron Eogers, Hosea Wil liams, Joseph Irish for the 9 districts, one man in each, whose duty it was lo make such alterations in the districts as tbey deemed proper. A new and tenth district was laid out that year. The annual meeting of 1810 was also held at tha inn of Henry Herrick, jr., Abel Horton, moderator. Town office was not very profitable in those limes, as but small charges were allowed for ser vices. Listers and selectmen were seldom allowed over $ 5 for their services during the year. In 1810, the population of the town was 1730, a gain of 243 in 10 yeara, and there had been rapid inereaae of business during that time. The Corners had become considerably of a business place. There were two stores, one kept by Jamea M. Daniels, and the other by James Weeks. Jazniah Barret was alao in trade south of the Corners. There were two hotels, one kept by Eliaha Brown, and the other by Henry Herrick, jr. There was also a blacksmith shop, besides other small establishments. Several large manufacturing establishments had sprung up iu different parts of the town ; among these was the woolen factory of Jonathan Barrett, the trip-hammer of David Bartlett and Isaac Southwick, for the manufacture of edge tools, and a tannery at tha Borough, of Peleg Nichols, Hosea Williams and Bradford Barnes. There were also several saw-mills in operation, supplying the inhabitants with lumber ; and two grist-milla. Ten years had also witnessed some change in the settlement at tha Borough. Several new houses had been built, and a hotel was kept by Augustus Mulford. Two stores were in operation there, by Hosea Williams and Ja^se Lapham, and doing good business. Quite a settlement bad sprung up at Scottsville, and a tannery was carried on by Daniel Healey. There were put into the list of that year, 206 polls, 8118 acres of improved land, 171 houses, 4 stores, 124 oxen, 1954 cows, and 390 horses. The March meeting of 1811 was held at the inn of Henry Herrick, jr., Jared Lobdel, moderator. It waa voted to assess a tax of five mills on the grand list of 1810, to defray the expenses of the town. A committee, Abel Horton, Alexander Barrett and Jared Lobdel, was appointed to settle with the treasurer, and one consisting of Edward Vail, Jonathan Seley and Jared Lobdel, to settle witb the selectmen. A town meeting was held Jan. 6, 1812, at the meeting-house, Nathan Weller, clerk pro tern., at wh ch it wae voted to establish the several school dis tricts aa they then were ; and a committee, Hoaea Williams, Moses White, Job King, Nathan Saulesbury, Nathan Weller, Miner Hilliard, Joseph Button, Hosea Barnes, Hat sel Kelley and Sylvanus Cook, were appoint ed to.ascerlain the lines of the districts, and make report at the next annual meeting in March; which report was made and accepted. John H. Andrus was moderator, in 1813, and a tax of eight mills on the dollar was voted. Abraham Locke was moderator of the an nual meeting of 1814, and David Griffith, Alexander Barrett, and Paul Hulett, chosen lo settle with the overseers of the poor, and with the treasurer. In 1815, the town was divided into 25 highway districts, and a tax of five mills on the dollar voted, to pay tha 694 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. expenses of keeping the poor, and other charges. Caleb Parris, moderator. The largest population the town ever had, w.as about the year 1815, and probably that was the most prosperous period in tbe exist ence of Danby. There were but four towns in the county having a greater population at that time, and none with the same number of inhabitants outrivaling it in business in terests. A period of 50 years had then elapsed since the settlement of the lown, and per haps it would be well, at this stage of our history, lo notice the changes wbich had been made in the affairs of the town, during thia half a century, and also the changes which were still going on. There had been two destructive wars with the mother coun try — the Eevolution, and that of 1812, just closed. We had also passed through that relentless struggle with New York, which raged until 1790. The local government within that time had been variously modified. Previous to 1779, the affairs of the town were managed by the committees of safety, after which they were subject to tbe State government, and many changes have been made. The war from which we had just emerged, had pro duced a bad effect upon the country. In dustry was paralyzed, property depreciated, and banks were broken; and as many had contracted debts during the war, and were now unable to meat them, mauy went to jail, and those who could not "swear out," gave bail and secured the liberty of tha yard. Many of tha rude cabins of the first set tlers were without doors, and without floors, with no cellars. We cannot truly picture to ourselves those rude dwellings with bark roofs, through which the storm would beat, and around which wild animals would hovfl by night ; how scanty, too, were the provi sions and furniture, and household articles. Fifty yeara had witnesaed a change in all these circumstanoos. Tha people were no longer obligod to go 15 or 20 miles to mill, on horseback, and sometimes on foot. The ago of pewter plates and wooden benches for seats had passed. Tlioy could now be abund antly supplied with bread and moat, and children wore not obliged, as in former limes, to go barefoot the year round. Flax and wool were now raised, and the spinning- wheel and looms sat in motion, tha music of which was common in every household. These are some of the changes which had taken place previous to 1816. Some trouble had now arisen, concerning the right of the town to hold town meetings in tbe Methodist meeting-house, and on a petition signed by Miner Hillard, Caleb Par ria, Abel Horton, Dennis Canfield and others, a town meeting was held at the inn of Nich olas Jenks, May 8, 1816, William Hitt, mod erator ; an 1 lhe selectmen appointed a com mittee to ascertain what right, if any, the town had in the meeting-house, and make a report at the next annual meeting. James McDaniels and Aaron Eogers, were appointed to examine the case of Paul Hulett, who had petitioned to be set to another school district, and the selectmen were instructed to set up 4 guide boards at suitable places in the town. A special town meeting was also held at the house of Nicholas Jenks, Oct 9th, Abraham Locke, moderator, and Moses Ward elected first constable and collector, lo fiU the vacancy occasioned by the death of Isaac Vail This was also the cold summer. Grain and grass were a complete failure, and but very little corn being raised in towu there was great destitution the foUowing winter and spring. We are told that people were reduced to the last extremity, and many cattle perished. In 1820, we find the popu lation 1607, and at the March meeting, 1820, the town voted to relinquish all right and title which it had in the Methodist meeting bouse to Barton Bromley. Town and free man's meetings wore held at the inn of Ar- win Hutehins, from 1821 to '25. In 1826, the meeting was held at the inn of Nicholas Jenks, and David Griffith, Hosea Barnes and David Kelley were appointed a, committee lo make alterations in school districts, and James Mc Daniels an agent to manage a law suit then pending between Danby and Dorset In 1827, David Youngs, Joseph Allen and Edward Vail, jr., were appointed overseers of the poor, and a tax of four cents on the dollar was raised to defray the expenses of the town. William Hitt was moderator of the annual meeting of 1828, held at the inn of Ephraim Gilmore at the Corners. Andrus Eggleston, Aaron Rogers, jr., Harris Otis, John Vail Hosea Barnes, Israel Eichardson and Alvah Bull, a school committee. It was voted to give all delinquent town officers who were in ar rears with the town three months to setfle DANBY. 595 their accounts with the treasurer, and if not settled within tbat lime, the treasurer, was directed to take legal measures lo collect the same. March 31, 1829, a town meeting was held at the inn of Samuel Harnden, David Youngs, moderator ; Israel B. Eichardson, Abraham Locke, Alvah Bull, Isaac South wick and Andrus Eggleston, committee, for the eAamination of schools and teachers. The population of tbe town in 1830 was 1362, showing a decrease of 245. ,The town meeting was held at tbe inn of Samuel Harn den, Alexander Barrett, moderator ; the sur veyors were increased to 26 ; Caleb Paris, Harris Otis and Alexander Barret, appoint ed to settle with the selectmen and treasurer. In 1813, the town appointed Alvah Bull, Ira M. Frazer, Joel M. Eogera and Isaac South wick, to superintend common schools ; Alex ander Barrett, James Mc Daniel and Harris Otis, to correspond with other towns, in reference to building a poor-house, if thought best, and make report at the meeting. The annual meeting of 1832 was held at the inn of Bethuel Bromley, Caleb Parris, moderator. It was voted to pay tha collector of taxes five per cent for collecting, and have no abatements allowed, on either State or town tax bills. A tax of one per cent, was voted for the support of the poor, and other town expenses ; and a tax of 2 per cent, in addition to what was required by law for the repairs of highways and bridges, and William Bassett, Andrus Eggleston, Joel M. Eogers, and Eial Fisk, were appointed a su perintending committee for common schools for 1833, In 1834, the town voted A build a Town House to be located between the dwelling house of Seley Vail and the dwelling house of John Vail and raise $ 350, for building said house. John Vail, Daniel Barthtt, Aza riah Hilliard, Elisha Lapham and Edward Vail, were a committee to contract aud au- perinlend the building. Another meeting waa held. May 10th, to change the location of the town house and granting individuals the privilege of extending the house, so as t;o accommodate tha inhabitants in holding meetings for publio worship but not to in fringe upon the right of the town. It was voted not to change the location, and not to allow individuals the privilege of using the town house, for the purpose na.med. The town house was built and completed in 1835, and the annual towu meeting, of 1836, held there, David Youngs, moderator. The selectmen were authorized to sell tbe 6 volumes of the Vermont Reports, and the 17 volumes of Revised Laws, belonging to the town, at public auction. In 1837, Congreas made a provision to de posit wilh the several States, the accumulat ed surplus money in the Treasury. The share of this town waa $3,013.14. Tbo towns, by a provision of our State Legisla ture, were to loan the money on good secu rity and apply tbe income to the support of common schools. This fund was to be dis tributed every 10 yeara, among the towna in proportion to their then population. As the population of this town has decreased since then, a certain portion of the original sum has been withdrawn. In 1856, the fund waa taken to pay the indebtedness of the town. The State still holds a lien on this money, whenever it shall be required for a re-distri bution among the towns, or for repayment into the United States treasury. At the annual meeting of 1838, Joel M. Rogers waa appointed overaeer of the poor, and Aaron Eogers a committee to confer with other towna in reference to building a poor house. Many farmers, and others in this town, suffered severely during the finan cial crisis of 1839. The " credit system" proved disastrous to business men, and many were largely in debt. Thia canaed a great decline in busineaa here, for several yeara. Tbe population in 1840 waa 1379, about the same as 1830. John C. White was mod erator of tho annual meeting of 1841, at which Ira Edmunds was appointed agent to prosecute and defend law suits for the town, the first who occupied that office. A town meeting was held Oct 27th, 1841, David Youngs, moderator, and William Otia was elected town clerk and treasurer, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Edward Vail,jr.,who had occupied theofficesincel837. At a freeman's meeting held the 2d day of November, 1842, Galen J. Locke waa ap pointed a delegate to attend a convention to be held at Montpelier, on the first Wednes day in January, following, for tha purpose of taking into consideration, certain amend ments to the Constitution of the Slate, pro posed by the Council of Censors. The town instructed their delegate not to vote for the proposed amendment. 596 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. G. J. Locke was moderator of tbe annual town meeting of 1843, an 1 the first consta ble was voted the jurisdiction of the County. There was greater destitution prevailing in town, between 1810 and 1850, tban at any former period. It was costing tiia town al that time, not leas than $ 500 per year to support the poor, which was the principal expense incurred by the lown. In 1845, the number of highway districts was increased to 27. At the annual meeting of 1346, Marcus Bartlett was appointed superintendent of common schools — the first who occupied that office in thia town. A proposition was made to build a new road, leading from the Has- kin's Mill, lo Danby Borough, but the town voted not to take any action thereon. Feb. 8, 1853, a town meeting was held — Edia Baker, moderator — for the purpose of voting upon the Liquor Law, passed al the last session of the legislature, as required by said act. Votes cast, 193 ; in favor of the law, 112, not in favor, 81. The following resolution was read and adopted at the annual meeting of 1856, viz. Resolved, The selectmen are hereby in structed to borrow the surplus money of the trustees, at 6 per cent interest, and p.ay it into the town treasury, taking the treasurer's receipt therefor, and the treasurer is also in structed to pay the same out on town orders, the same as he would any other funds in his hands agreeable to law. The trustee was instructed to collect in the deposit money, on or before the 20th day of August following. The town instructed the selectmen, at this meeting, to confer with other towns in reference to purchasing a town farm. A special lown meeting was held April 19th, Miner Hilliard, moderator, to sea if the town would give the selectmen authority to borrow tho United States lieposit money, to defray the common expenses of the town, and it was voted uot to givo the selectmen that authority. At another town mooting held the 6th day of May, following, tho Boloctmen wero instnietod to borrow tbe United States deposit money of the trustees, in aecordimco wilh tha resolution paaaed at the last annual lown meeting in Maroh, and pledge the credit of tbo town for the same, with annu.al interest At this meeting a committee conaiating of Nelson Eandall, H. F. Otia and John Bromley, waa appointed to make alterations in school districts. At a town meeting held Sopt. 2, 1856, Spencer Green, moderator, Warren Vaughan waa elected trustee of surplus money, to fill the vacancy occasioned by tha death of Am asa Bancroft. At the town meeting of 1858, the select men were instructed to enquire into the ex panse of repairing tbe basement of the church at the Corners, for the purpose of holding town meetings, also repairing the lown bouse. .V special town meeting was held for that purpose, Apr. 3, 1858, Miner Hilliard, mod erator. A resolution was presented by the proprietors of the church, stating on what terma the town should have said basement story, as follows : Wliereas, The basement story of the church at Danby Four Corners, ia out of repair, and Whereas, Tbe upper part of said church would be much better preserved by keeping the basement in good repair. Therefore, Resolved, Tbat in consideration that the selectmen of the towu of Danby, will put up good window blinda to all the windowa of said basement and also construct the neces sary fixtures for v/arming said basement, and find a good and suitable stove, and put suit able seats around the walls of said basement and keep the room in good repair, the people of said town shall have tbe use of aaid base ment for the purpoae of holding town meet ings therein, during the pleasure of said town. And further Resolved. Tbat G. J. Locke, Lyman R. Fisk and Miner Hilliard, be a committee to confer witb the selectmen. It was voted to accept of the proposition of the society. At an adjourned meeting held the same day in the basement of the church at the Corners, the selectmen were instructed lo dispose of the old town house to the best advantage. The towu meeting of 1859 was held at the town hall, and a tax of 25 per cent was voted. The report of the selectmen was printed this year for the first time. In accordance with tbe instructions given tbem at the above meeting, the selectmen purchased a town farm of John Bromley, for -$ 4,000. A large portion of tha people of the town were op posed lo this project, and agreeably lo a petition signed by Obadiah Edmunda and others, a town meeting was held on the 7th of May to see if the lown would appoint an agent to sell the town farm. The ballot gave votes lo appoint an agent, 47 ; not to appoint an agent, 109. Tbe course pursued by the lown previous to that lime waa to dispose of the poor to those who would agree to keep them for the least money. By this means they were scattered one or two in » DANBY. 597 place, and often kept by unfit persons. This outrage to humanity became intolerable, and the people becoming awakened lo tbe inhu manity of such a, course, it resulted in the purchase of a farm, which is conceded by almost every one to have proved a success. The population of 1860 was 1419, being 119 less than that of 1850. This falling off in our population, was caused by a decline in manufactures, and other business. The railroad had a tendency to build up the town quite rapidly for several years, but its fail ure in 1857, had a crushing effect upon the business of the town, by ruining many of our business men, and stock-holders lost quite heavily. The marble busineaa was in a flourishing condition at that time, and some of those engaged in it had invested heavily in railroad stock, aud by losing this were unable to proceed in their business, which flnally passed into other hands, and has not been carried on so extensively since. The town had incurred some considerable expense for the past 10 or 15 years, in build ing highways, doubtless greater than al any former period. There is probably no town in the State having a greater number of roads, not many of which were located ou the line of lots, but seem to have been laid where it best suited the convenience of tha inhabitants, or the nature of the ground. At preaent the roads run in every conceivable direction, winding throngh the valleys and over the hills. The main roads were formerly laid 4 rods wide, tbe others 3 rods. The peculiar direction of the water courses through the towu renders a large number of bridges necessary. Bridges were formerly built by the voluntary action of the several highway districts, but for the past 30 or 40 years, the expense of building bridges has devolved upon tha grand list. There are no less than 30 public bridges in town, besides a large number of smaller ones. C. H. Congdon was moderator of the an nual town meeting of 1860, at which it was voted to raise a, town tax of 25 per cent, to pay the indebtedness of the town for the year ensuing. The following resolution was offered and adopted at the annual meeting of 1861: Resolved, That the selectmen ba, and are hereby instructed to procure three hundred copies of their annual report, to be printed and circulated among the legal voters of the town. A special towu meeting waa held Nov. 20, 1862, Edia Baker, moderator. N. L. Baker was elected constable to fill the vacancy in the office of constable and collector. In 1867, a tax of 110 per cent, was voted, which the constable agreed to collect for two per cent. The following propostion was made to the town by Isaac McDaniels, which waa ac cepted : Whereas, Gen. Isaac McDaniels, formerly of Danby, now of Rutland, and State of Ver mont, has offered aud gives to said town of Danby, the generous aum of $ 10.000, by an instrument under his haud and seal, of which the following is a copy, lo wit: To the Town of Danby, County of Rutland and Slate of Vermont : I, Isaac McDaniels, formerly of Danby, now of Eutland, in said County, propose lo give and hereby give, grant and transfer, and deliver to said town of Danby, in trust, for the aupport of common schools hereinafter expressed, the sum of ten thousand dollars in money, to have and lo hold the same to said town of Danby forever, upon the condi tion, uses and trust following, to wit : lat That the said town of Danby, shall forever keep the same securely invested aa a fund, distinct and separate from all other funds aud property of the town, by loans or mortgage of unincumbered real estate worth double the amount invested, exclusive of buildings, or iu stock or bonds of the United States of America, or of some one or more of said States ; aud in case of loss of the whole, or any part of said fund, said town is to sup ply the same, so as to keep said principal fund and enlire at said sum of ten thousand dollars. 2d. To distribute and pay over annually,: forever, on the first days of April, or as soon thereafter as practicable, the annual in terest of six hundred dollars, and proceeds of said fund to the several districts in said town of Danby, in proportion to the number of children between the ages of four and twenty years, belonging lo each district, on the first day of the next preceding month of January of each year, the same to oe appropriated and used by the said school districts, respectively, to the support of common schools therein. 3d. Should the said town of Danby fail to comply with any ofthe conditions, or perform any of the trusts herein expressed, theu said fund is to revert lo me, or to my legal heirs. G. J. Locke then offered tha following resolutions : Resolved, That the selectmen of the town of Danby be authorized and directed lo exe cute a receipt in the name of the lown, lo Gen. Isaac McDaniels for said fund, and to express to him the gratitude of its inhab itants for tbe noble donation, and that these proceedings be published in Eutland daily and weekly papers. 538 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL M.IGAZINE. This fund was invested in State bonds and deposited in Eutland Bank. We noticed an increase in the population of the town up to the year 1815, since which time, there, was a gradual falling off, until 1850. From 1810 lo 1840, no town in the county with the same number of inhabitants, outrivaled us in business. The building of the Western Vermont Eail road in 1851, ushered in a new era for the town, and gave a new impetus to all the in- drustrial pursuits. The population of the town increased, greater benefits wore derived from farming ; and the lumber, marble and other mnnufacturing interests, rapidly in creased. Previous lo Ihia the marble had to be carted to Comatock's Landing, by leama, and no one could be extenaively engaged in the lumber buainesa. Danby Borough soon became a thriving village, while business waa nearly ruined at the Corners. Hitherto we have said nothing in regard to local politics. In all the political issues which have arisen, the people of this town have taken an active part. Parly spirit has at times run to the highest pitch. In many casesit has alienated friends, severed the bonds of brotherhood and friendship, and has ex erted a bad influence in the churches. The close of the Revolution found the peo ple nearly united in sentiment and principles, witb Washington as a leader; but the estab lishment of our Federal Constitution raised new questions, and panies were formed, which were originally called Whig and Tory. Soon new issues brought into existence tha Federal and Republican or Democratic par ties. From 40 years following the establish ment of our government, this town was near ly evenly balanced, and was represented by men of both parties. Tho mutual hostility shown by these parties, has never been so great aa during the political conflicts of the past 30 years, and the slavery question haa been the leading point of difference here, aa well aa elsewhere. In 1828, the Autiniason- ic party was organized, but was always in the minority. Soon after 1830, tho Whig party became organized, aud has ever had a major ity in this town. Since then there has been the American party, organized in 1855, which was iu the ascendency but a short time, aud was absorbed by the other partiea. In all the changes, from the organization of the town, up to the present time, it has fieen loyal to the government. There haa been a wonderful change in the industrial efforts of the people during tha past 40 years. This change commenced as early as 1820, when people made their own implements, such as ox bows, ox- whips, whip- stocks &c., by hand. While the men worked, the women were busy al the looms, or at tha wheel. They picked their own wool, spun their own yarn, made their own cloth, dipped their own candles, made their own chairs and baskets, and wove their own carpets. Agriculture has ever been and will con tinue to be the leading pursuit in this town. Wheat was one of the first crops raised. The newly cleared land yielded a rich harvest. After this crop began to diminish, the people fell back to the coarser grains. The early settlers paid great attention to fruit growing. Apple-orchards were everywhere planted, which bore plentifully at first; pears, plums, aud other fruits, were alao raised at an early day, in great abundance. Fruit growing is at present almost a. failure in some sections. Improvements, however, have been going on in different parts of the town by some, in planting orchards aud introducing improved varieties of apples and pears. It is conceded that our agricultural in;erest3 were never in a more flourishing condition than at present Since 1820, by the failure of crops, and decline of manufactures, emigration has made a heavy drain on our population. Several considerable settlements in different parts of the town, were entirely abandoned, and highways discontinued. Many emigrated to the Holland Purchase, and others lo Ohio and further West Several towns in western New-York, were settled entirely by people from this town, and in several of the Western Statea, there is hardly a town that does not contain a representative from Danby. TOWN CLEEKS. Thomas Eowley, 1769-73; Joseph Soule, 1773-'74; Thomas Eowley, 1774-'76; William Bromley, 1776-80; Thomaa Eowley, 1780; -'83 ; Wm. Bromley, 1783-'85 ; Jacob Eddy, 1785-'88; Daniel Sherman, 1788-99; Edward Vail, 1799-1820; Stephen Calkina, 1820-26; John 1826-37 ; Edward Vail, jr., 1837-41 ; Vail, William Otis, 1841-49 ; Galen J. Locke, 1849-'66 ; J. T. Griffith, 1866-'67. Albert Bucklin, elected in 1867, is the pres ent town clerk. DANBY. 599 TOWN TEEASUREES. Nathan Weller, 1769-70; Stephen Calkins. 1770'-71; Joseph Earl, 1771-72; Nathan Weller, 1772-'73 ; Thomas Rowley, 1773-74; George Wilbur, 1774-'75 ; Joaeph Sprague, 1775-'76; Luther Colvin, 1776-'77; Stephen Calkins, 1777-81; Edward Vail, 1781-83; William Bromley, 1788-85; Wing Rogers, 1785-'86; Peter Lewis, 1786-90; Edward Vail 1790-1820; Stephen Calkins, 1820-26; John Vail, 1826-37 ; Edward Vail, jr., 1837 -'41 ; William Otis, 1841-49; Galen J. Locke, 1849-66; J. T. Griffith, 1866-'67. . Albert Bucklin, elected in 1867, is the present town treasurer. SELECTMEN. Names. Y'rs. First T'r. last T'r Stephen Calkins, 3 1769 1779 Seth Cook, 2 1769 1772 Crispin Bull, 2 1769 1772 Joseph Haskins, O 1770 1772 Micah Vail, 3 1770 1776 Nathan Weller, 11 1770 1798 Timothy Bull, 1 .1771 1772 Joseph Earl, 1 1772 1773 Ephraim Seley, 1 1773 1773 Phillip Griffith, 3 1773 1778 Ephraim Mallory, 1 mi 1773 William Bromley, 4 1774 1780 Thomas Stafford, 1 1774 1774 Joseph Soule, o 1775 1776 Wing Rogers, 4 1776 1794 William Gage, 3 1777 1780 Thomas Rowley, 2 1779 1780 John Stafford, 2 17-80 1796 William Ruasell, 1 1780 1780 John Mott, 2 1781 17S2 Daniel Sherman, 9 1781 1798 Ebenezer Wilson, 2 1781 17.'*2 Edward Vail. 5 1781 1793 Luther Colvin, 4 1731 1784 Eoger Williams, 1 jees 17.33 John Burt, 6 1733 1792 Ezekiel Smith, 6 1784 1803 Thorn. Harrington, 4 1784 1789 Giles Wing, 2 1784 1785 David Comstock, 2 1786 1787 Peter Lewia, 2 1788 1789 Eowland Stafford, 2 1788 1789 William Hdl, 2 1,88 1789 David Iriah, 3 1790 1792 Stephen Williams, 3 1790 1792 Bradford Barnes, 3 1790 1792 John Haviland, 3 1790 1792 Benjamin Fowler, 1 1793 1793 Moses Vail, 1 1794 1794 Amos Brown, 1 1795 1795 Elihu Sherman, 1 1796 1796 Nathan Sauisbury, 1 1755 1796 Jonathan Seley, 5 1797 1806 Abel Horton, 4 1799 1804 Henry Frost, 2 1799 1800 Zoheth Allen, 9 1799 1813 John H. Andrus, 11 1804 1816 Obadiah Edmunds, 1 1804 1804 Barton Bromley, 3 1804 1819 Hosea Williams, 2 1804 1805 Names. Thomas Griffith, Gershom Congor, Charles Nichols, Elisha Southwick, James Soule, Micajah Weed, Stephen Calkins, jr., William Hitt, Moses White, Ira Vail, Caleb Parris, Moses Ward, Elijah Bull, Paul Hulett, Allen Willis, John Vail, ^avid Bartlett, David Youngs, Daniel Kelley, Joseph Allen, Edw .rd Vail, jr., Ira Edmunds, Caleb Parris, 2d, John C. A bite, Alexander Barrett, Daniel Bartlett, Azariah Hilliard, Timothy Reed, Joel M. Eoaera, Daniel Lapham, William Stimson, Aaron Rogers, Harvey Parris, laaac Wilbur, John Sherman, Hiram Kelley, Edwin Vail, H. F. Otis, Miner Hilliard, Linus Edmunds, Azariah Hilliard, 2d, Clark Bull, J. T. Griffith, Howell Dillingham, Albert Bucklm, Amasa Bancroft, Ira Cook, C. H Congdon, Ira H. Vail, John S. Parris, William Otis, L. R. Fiak, Thomas Griffith, Joseph N. Phillips, Levi Barrett, Austin S. Baker, William Pierce, L. G. Parris, Hiram Fisk, J. B. Nichols, Henry Wilbur, Jamea E. Nichols, Stephen Williams, Henry Herrick, Israel Seley, Abel Haskins, I'rs. First Y'r. Last i"r. 1 1805 1805 1 1805 1805 1 1806 1806 1 1810 1810 1 1811 1811 2 1812 1813 2 1814 1815 3 1814 1816 2 1814 1815 1 1816 1816 3 1817 1819 1 1817 1817 4 1817 1829 1 1S20 1820 2 1820 1821 2 1820 1821 4 1821 1824 7 1822 1823 5 1822 1823 4 1.325 1828 6 1827 1838 13 1829 1849 2 1829 1830 3 1830 1832 3 1831 1833 3 1833 1835 7 1833 1845 5 1835 1841 3 1836 1838 2 1837 1838 2 1839 1840 1 1841 1841 4 1842 1845 1 1842 1842 3 1843 1846 3 1845 1847 1 1846 1846 2 1847 1848 1 1847 1847 1 1848 1848 6 1849 1863 1 1849 1849 2 18-50 1863 0 1850 1866 2 1851 1852 2 1851 1852 2 1851 1352 4 1853 1862 2 1853 1858 5 1854 1861 5 1855 1868 1 1855 18,55 2 1856 1857 3 1856 1858 4 1858 1861 4 1859 1864 1 1862 1862 2 1864 1865 2 1864 1865 1 1865 1865 3 1866 1868 3 1866 1868 QEOE 3 s. 1778 1801 1 1780 1780 3 1781 1785 1 1783 1783 600 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZ1J^E. Isaiah Bull, William Garrett, Wing Rogers, Peter Wilbur, John Haviland. John Vail, Thomaa Alcott John Allen, Henry Signor, David Comstock, Eliaha Brown, Henry Frost, Elihu Sherman, Alexander Barrett, D.miel Bromley, Daniel Stanley, Miner Hilliard, Obadiah Edmunda, Gerahom Congor, Nathan Sauisbury, Hosea Williams, Darius Lobdel, David Gillmore, Chad. Phillips, Bradford Barnes, Caleb Parris, Amos Brown, Charies Wells, Elisha Tryon, Dennis Canfield, John Lobdel, Jonathan Staples, William Bromley, Joshua Bromley, William Hitt, Caleb Randall, Hiram Congor, Edmund Sherman, David Youngs, Samuel Emmerson, Benjamin Barnes, Andrus Eggleston, Josiah Phillips, Ira Edmunds, Adin H. Green, William Harrington, James McDaniels, Edward Vail, Jr., Stephen Calkins, Daniel Kelly, John C. White, John Vail, Elisha Lapham, Orange Greon, Hosea Barnes, Chauncy Green, Seley Vail, Harvey Parria, John Sherman, J. C. Dexter, Daniel B.artlott, Hiram Bromley, Joseph R. Green, Galen J. Locke, J. N. Phillips, Amasa Bancroft, L. R. Fisk J. T. Griffith, Trs. First T'r. 1 1784 11 2 3 3 3 21 2 2 22 82 1 3 1 1 1112 1 12 1 •1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 32 o 5 11 2 3 1 11 13 17 1 631 17851786 1788 1790 1790 1790 1793 179517:t7 1799 17991799 17119 1800 1801 1801 1801 1801 1801 1803 1803 18041804 18041805 1806 1807 1809 1809 1810 1811 18121812181218131815181718181820 1820 1822 182218231S231823 IS 24 1326 1827 18271S291S30 1830 183118311.S321833 1.S33l.s:!il 183718-10 1S42 1812184318451846 1848 1852 Last T'r. 17841785 1786 1789 17921792 179217!.'4 1795179318001800 180018351301 180118161801 1801 1801180.3 1-303181018041804 . 1835 1306 1808 1809 18091810 ISll 1812 18121812 18131815181918191821134118221822 1846 1826 1823 18241-S2i! 1323 132.31840IS.'iO1830 1331 1831183218331834 1841 18331841 1842 181418661845 1851 1852 1852 yames. M. H. Cook, J. B. Clark, David Griffith, Antipas Harrington, L, G. Parria, Spencer Green, C. H. Congdon, Thomas Griffith, Setb P. Scott Seneca Smith, Levi Barrett, D. W. Rogers, James Fish, Tr's. First Vr. Last T'r. 18531854 1855 1856 18571858 1861 1863 18641S64 186618671868 1867 18541855 1856 18571862 1861 1863 18651865 1866 1868 EEPEESENTATIVES. Thomas Rowley. 1778; William Gage, 1779 -'81; Ebenezer Wilson, 1781; Daniel Sher man, 1781; Thomas Rowley, 1732; Roger Williams, 1783; Peter Lewis, 1783; Darius Lobdell, 1784: Edward Vail, 17«4-'87; Pe- ter Lewis, 1787-89; Lemuel Griffith, 1789; WingP^ogers, 1790-94; Elihu Sherman, 1794; Abel Horton, 170.5-'97; Daniel Sherman, 1797 ; Abel Horton, 1798-1801 ; Edward Vail, 1801-04; Abel Horton, 1804; John H. Andrus, 1805-'13; Zoheth Allen, 1813-16; John H. Andrus. 1816; William Hitt, 1817 Zoheth Allen, 1818 ; William Hilt, 1319-21 James McDaniels, 1821— '23; Rufus Bucklin ir., 1823; James McDaniels, 1824; David Youngs. 132.5-'23 : James McDaniels, 1828; Ira Edmunds, 1329-31; Seley Vail, 1831 ; Benjamin Barnes, 1832-'34 ; Daniel Bartlett, lS34-'36; Eufus Bucklm, jr., 1836-39; Tim othy Eeed, 1.339-41 ; Ira Edmunds, 1841 '43 Albert Bucklin, 1843-46; Isaac Mc Daniels, 1846 ; G. J Locke, 1847 ; William Otis, 1-348 Harris F. Otis, 1849; Azariah Hilliard, 1850 Hiram Kelley, 18ol ; Amasa Bancroft, 1853 Hiram H. Kelley, 1853; C. H. Congdon 1854 ; Lyman R. Fisk, 1855 ; John T. Griffith, 1856; Spencer Green, 1857; Ezra T.Lillie, 1858: Ira H. Vail, 1859 ; Howell Dillingham, 1860 Azh. Hilliard, jr , 1831 ; John S. Parris, 1862; Levi Barrett, 1863 ; Hiram Fiak, 1864; Clark Bull, 1865; James E. Nichols, 1866; Charles T. Reed ; 1867 ; James Fish, 1868. JUSTICES Of THE PEACE. Edward Vail, William Bromley, Thomas Rowley, Daniel Sherman, Roger Williams, John Stafford, Jonathan Seley, Elihu Sherman, Amos Brown, Zoheth Allen, Abel Horton, Barton Bromley, Henry Herrick, jr., John H. Andrus, Rufus Bucklin, jr., Ira Vail, William Hitt, Ira Seley, r-rs. First T'r. Last rv. 19 1784 1803 5 1785 1790 6 1785 1795 12 1788 1801 13 1788 1802 6 1792 1798 10 1795 1805 4 1795 1799 8 1797 1806 25 1801 1826 9 1801 1810 23 1806 1829 14 1808 1822 14 1810 1824 15 1818 1841 12 1822 1834 1 1823 1828 1 1823 1823 DANBY. GOl Names. Daniel Kelley, Elijah Bull, James McDaniels, David Youngs, Benjamin Barnes, John Vail, Isaac McDaniels, Galen J. Locke, Ira Edmunds, Johu C. White, Edward Vail, jr., Hosea Barnes, Daniel Bartlett, J. C. Dexter. Ephraim Chase, David Lapham, H. F. Otis, N. J. Smith, Timothy Reed, Caleb Parris, 2d., Daniel Lapham, Andrus Eygleston, Azh. Hilliard, Isaac Wilbur, Hiram Congor, L. R. Fiak, Seley Vail, Aaron Rogers, jr., William Otia, Hiram Kelley, Harvey Parris, Savid Bartlett, John T. Griffith, Caleb Randall, Albert Bucklin, William Stimaon, Seneca Smith, Amasa Bancroft, Edwin Vail, J. M. Fish, Edia Baker, J. R. Green, Gardner Griffith, Ira H. Vail, John S. Parris, C. H, Congdon, Levi Barrett, Ezra T. Lillie, Henry Wilbur, Spencer Green, A. D. Smith, Antipas Harrington, Heman Barnes, WiUiam Pierce, J. N. Phillips, C. M. Bruce, P. Holton, A. S. Baker, Thomas Nichols, Trs. First Tr. 3 1825 12 7 3 17 12 3 13 7 5 625 1 11 5 22 10 2 10 65 3 3 5 286 51 5 4 22 2 373 3 10 81 3 12 9 7 2 11 7 11 1 4 1 3 3 1 1825 18261827 182918301831 1831 1832 1833183418351835 18381841 18411841 18411841 18411842 18431843 1843 1843184i 1843184418441844 1844 18451845 1846 1846 1848 184818481849 185218541853 1854 1854 1856185718571860 18601861 1861 1862 1862 18631865 1865 1865 1866 1868 Last Tr: 1828 1842 183318371840 1842 1845 18651849 183918401836 18411838 184118411855184218421851 184318531849 1848 18461846 1848184618541850 184818451851 184918681849 18501856 1855 185418641860185418641868 186818661861 18601861 186818621862 1863 1868 1865 1867 1868 1868 MANUFACTtJEES. Maple sugar and tho salts of ashes were the earliest manufactures of the town. The pro cess of making was somewhat different in those days, than at present. Instead of boring the trees they were boxed with an axe — troughs made of soft wood used instead of tin or wood en buckets, and potash kettles to boil sap. About the year 1810, a woolen factory was built by Jonathan Barrett, 11-2 miles south of Danby Corners — the flrst in town. There was a carding-machine in connection with thia. Barrett run the factory until 1821, when he failed, and it was never run afterwards. An other factory was built iu 1821, by David Youngs, at tbe Borough, who run it until it was burned in 1837. There was another factory built about the same time at Scottsville, and run by Joseph Brownell ; and also a carding and ftilling-mill. There was a cloth-dressing and fulling-mill run at an early day by John Bishop, a little west of the present site of Nel son Kelley's saw-milL Within tha past twenty years there has been no business of this kind done in town. For a period of nearly 50 years previous to the building of factories, nearly all of the cloth used in families was made at home. We are told tbat tbe price for a week's work spinning was is, and for house-work 4s. 6d. There have been 4 or 5 grist-mills, all upon Mill-Brook. The first was built by Stephen Calkins, about 1780, which run for a number of years. There was another built in 1795, at the Borough, by Andrew White. There have been some 10 or 12 saw-mills in tbe town. Tbe first was built about the year 1790, by Stephen Rogers, near the George P. Eel- ley place ; the next soon after, by Stephen Cal kins, on the site of the present saw-mill owned by Nelson Kelley ; another mill, at a very ear ly day, near the residence of Walter M. Par ris, by Henry Frost, and afterwards rebuilt by Jazaniah Barrett There are but 2 saw-mills in operation at the present time — one by Nel son Kelley, and the other by 0. B. Hulett, in the Little Village. Several tanneries have been set up in various parts of the town — the first in 1800, by Mica jah Weed, near the former residence of Hiram Jenks. About the same time another was set up by Daniel Sherman, where Albert Mathew son now lives, and another at an early day by Isaac Nichols, where ha now lives, which con tinued in operation for a long lime. The next one was built at the Borough in 1810, by Peleg Nichols, Hoaea Williams and Bradford Barnes. Daniel Healey set up an establishment at Scottsville in 1812, which was afterwards own ed by Job Scott, who carried on the business for nearly 30 years. The next was built at the Borough by Adin Green, who was succeeded 602 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. by Amasa Bancroft, and is now owned by 0. B. Hadwin, who is exten.sively engaged in the business. In 1821 Joseph, Jessie and Elisha Lapham went into the business whero David Eogers now lives. Besides those above men tioned, there bave been several smaller estab- lishments set up by John Vaughan, Anthony Colvin, Thomas Nichols, and othera. There is at present but one tannery in town. There have boon two trip-hammers in town for tho manufacture of edge-tools. Tbe first waa built at tbe Borough in 1795, by Samuel Dow, and tho other by Savid Bartlett and Isaac Southwick, in 1810, near the residence of Hen ry B. Kelley. In 1815, Abel and Savid Bartlett carried on the buiness of manufacturing hoes, axes, scythes, &c., until 1^21, when the busi ness went into tbe hands of Jeremy Bartlett The first blacksmith's shop at the Comers was built by Henry Herrick, Jr. The first shop at the Borough was started by Samuel Dow and Moses Keith, in 1801, in con nection with the manufacture of edge-tools. where J. S. Perry's boot and shoe-shop now stands. They were succeeded by Caleb Buf- fum, who continued the business till 1816, and was succeeded by Allen Willis and Lemuel Stafford, until 1836, since which time various parties bave been in tbe business, among whom are Orange Green, Henry Hannum, A. Ban croft, Thomas Griffith, Anson GrifEch, Daniel Lapham, Titus Lyon, D. A. Kelley, Geo. W. Baker aud P. A. Broughton. There are at present 3 blacksmith's shops in town. There has also been one furnace in town, built quite early, by Benjamin Phillips, near tbe residence of Edwin Staples, who carried on the business for a number of years. Marble lias been, and is now, the principal manufacture of the town. This commenced about thc year 1 810, and considerable import ance is attached to it Previous to tbat time, gravo-stoncs woro hewn out l\v Jnnios Linooln . and otliors. Tho flrst mill for sawing marble was built at tbo Boroiisli by 'Willinm Kelley, Alfred and Albert Kelley ; and about tho snnio time another was built by Moulton Pish, Eli sha Fish and Allen Congor, who -for a time was extensively ciiKii^od in tbe business. In 1841 anolber wns built by Aaron Rogers, Eli sha liogors and Setb Griffith. In 18 15 a new one was put in operation by George Griffith, John T. ond Gardner Griffith, which flourished for a number of year.s. Tn 1848 a mill was built and run by William Haskins and Hiram KoUey, whjoh did a good businoss for several years. Aaron Rogers, Jr., William Stimpson and Hannibal Hopkins next went into the bu siness in 1850, and were largely engaged. Tbe building of the railroad greatly increased the manufacture of marble, so that a number of mills were kept in operation for a long time. Soon after the new road was built, another mill was erected by George P. Kelley, and run for some time. This has since been run by Al bert and Alfred KeUey. The property is now owned by John H. Vail of Brandon. A new one was also buUt by William Kelley. All these were built upon Mill Brook. In addition to those above named, there bave been others engaged in the busines.s, among whom are J. M. Fish, Henry White, A. T. Lawrence of New York, Thomas Lymington & Co., of Baltimore, Franklin Post of Wallingford, and others. In 1862 the Western Vermont Marble Co. was form ed, L. S. Waldo, agent, which continued until '68, when tbe property was leased by S. L. Waldo, who is at present the only one engaged in the business. Soon after, another company was formed, James Panton, agent, which run until 1864. Tbe Vermont Marble Co. was formed in 1865, G. J. Locke, agent, wbich run but one season only. Notwithstanding a lapse of 30 years, nearly, since the first quarry was open ed, there yet remains an untold wealth of mar- ble, which capital and enterprise wiU at some future day develope. There have been other manufactures besides those alluded to ; among wbich are lime and coal, which have been burned to some consid erable extent in different parts of the town. — Chairs, baskets, provision barrels, casks and cheese-boxes bave also been manufactured. Tbe only cheese-box factory in town at present is owned and run hy Nelson Kelley. Several cider-mills have been set up — some quite early; but there are only two at present In the spring of 1S68. M. V. & J. C. Williams fitted up buildings at the Corners for the manufacture of cliecso. wliich went into successful operation tho following summer. Cap. John Burt was the first inn-keeper in town, where the poor-house now stands, about the year 1775, which be kept for many years, and publio doings were held there. Abraham Chaso was the next inn-keeper, about one mile south of tbe Corners, near the residence of Al vah Riadon. He kept a public bouse from 1718 until about the year 1800, when be was suc ceeded by Henry Frost, who kept till 1810. Here town meetings were held, and publio businoss transacted for a number of years. DANBY. 603 Since then there has been no tavern kept there, the building being taken for a store. Elisha Brown built the first tavern at the Corners iu 1800, and kept a publio houae there for many years. Another one known as the " Red House," was erected soon after, a little north ofthe village, by Henry Herrick, Jr., who kept . there for aeveral years, and was succeed ed by Nicholas Jenks, who kept until the year 1823. Brown was succeeded by Henry Herrick, Jr., who kept a public house for 21 years. The town and freeman's meetings were held here for a long time. Hia successor was David Kel ley and others. In 1850, Seneca Smith fitted up a tavern, which was first kept by Oliver Sheldon, and afterwards by John Croff, Bates, Joseph Smith, and some others. About the year 1830, a public house was erected by Barton Bromley, at the west end of the village. This tavern was built out of the old Methodist meeting house, and waa flrst kept by Arwin Hutehins, who was succeeded by Nicholas Jenks, and others. Rowland Stafford built and kept the first tav ern at the Borough in 1795, near the present hotel In 1800, Bradford Barnes kept a pub lic bouse, a little north of the village, on the present homestead of Austin Baker. He was Bueceeded by Samuel Dow, in 1802, who stayed but a short time, aince which no tavern haa beeu kept there. Abraham Anthony kept tavern verv early where tbe Phillips Bros. live. In 1804, William Webber erected a public house on the site of the present hotel, and was succeeded by Dr. McClure, who left in 1808. Elisha Southwick came next, after wbich it passed into the hands of Augustus Mulford. The building was burned in 1812, aud rebuilt by Mulford the same year, wbich is the same houae now standing. He was succeeded by Hosea Williams, and next by Rufus Bucklin, Jr., who kept until 1820. Since that time it has been kept by various parties — at present by Lytle Vance, the only one in town. The first store kept in town was in 1790, by Henry Frost, near the residence of Alvah Bis- don, in connection with the tavern. His suc cessor was Jazaniah Barrett, who continued the business until about 1810. Elisha Tryon built the next store in 1805. He was succeeded a short time by James McDaniels. Another store was kept about the same time by Isaac South wick, near the residence of William Herrick. James McDaniels and James Weeks were the first merchants at the Corners, about the year 1810, after which came Daniel Polger, Johu aud Jonathan Barrett, Jazaniah Barrett, Abner Taft, Allen Willis, Daniel Axtell, Galen J. Locke, Ira Bromley, Seneca Smith, Charlea Button, Nicholas Jenks, Seneca and Nathan Smith and othera. In 1830, a large store was built by S. & N. J. Smith, who continued the business a good many years. Soon after thia another was built by Miner Hilliard, who also did good business for a long time. He was succeeded a short time by Croff' & Bales, Brown, and after wards by P. Holton & Co. James McDaniels was succeeded by his son Thomas and Isaac, for a number of years ; theu by Joel M. Rodgers. Tbe store then passed into the hands of Seneca Smith. His success ors were David Jacobs, Calvin Smith and others. The McDaniels store is now occupied by Buck lin & Vail. P. Holton is at present the oldest merchant at the Cornera, having been in trade since 1858. About 1825, a store was built at Scottsville by Job Sc'ott, who was in trade over 30 years, followed by Joseph I. Seott. Edia Baker, and Simon E. Harrington. J. I. Scott is the pres ent proprietor. The first store at the Borough was built and kept by Oliver Arnold, in 1803, near the pres ent homestead of C. H. Congdon — succeeded by Robert Green and David Youngs. There was another about that time on the farm now owned by D. W. Rodgers, built by Elisha and Jesse Lapham. The next was built in 1308, by Ho sea Williams, near the present hotel. He re mained in the business » number of years — ¦ succeeded by Jesse Lapham, who traded until 1812. He then erected a new store, where the house of M. H. Cook now stands, which was afterwards kept by Isaac Vail and Piatt Vail. The stone store waa built in 1820, by Jesse Lapham, with which he was connected for a number of years. This store has beeu kept by different parties since then, among whom are George and Aaron Vail, William Sperry, Lap ham & Bruce, Arima Smith, Bruce & Nichols, C. M. Bruce, and lastly by William Pierce. There have been other stores since 1810, by Eggleaton & Youngs, Seth Griffith, Caleb Buf- fum and others. Union store started about 1855, Daniel Bromley and J. C. Thompson agents. Since then stores have been kept in the same building by N. P. Harrington, George E. Kelley, M. 0. Williams and W. H. Bond. The stone store west of the Borough was 604 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. built by William Kelley, soou after the marble business opened, who carried ou the trade to some extent, and was succeeded by L. S. Wal do, J. B. Nichols, and last by L. S. Waldo the present owner. In 1862, S. L. Griffith erected a new store, now kept by C. H. & W. B. Grif fith. In 1867, a handaome store was built by C. M. Bruce, making now 6 stores in town. EDUOATIO.V. The education received in our early schools was reading, writing, spelling and arithmetic to a limited degree. Teachers received but little compensation, and soliool-house.s were rude structures, built of log-s or birch poles, and sometimes deserted log-cabins were taken and fitted up for school-rooms. Provision was made in the charter of tho town for one share of 250 acres for tbe beneflt of schools, to which was added, by law of the State, the share re served for a church glebe, and the share for the society for propagating the gospel in foreign parts, which last waa taken from the town by a decision ofthe United States court. In 1798, the prudential committees were re quired to make returns of scholars, by which we find the town numbered 469 scholars; in 1830, 570; and at present 434 scholars between 4 and 20 years of age. In 1867, tbe aggregate amount raised upon tbe grand list, by the dis tricts for the support of schools, was nearly $1,000. Number of heads of families in town, 206; amount paid male teachers, $409; amount paid female teachers, $075. Since 1830, there have been select achoola taught nearly every year. Previous to 1846 the law required the towns to appoint annually a superintending commit tee for tbe inspection and examination of schools aud teachers. Since then there has been but ono superiniondeut elected at the an nual March meeting each year. The superintendents since 1816, Marcus Bart lett, 1846-'47 ; Lucius Bartlett, 1847 ; Edw:ird Lapham, 1847; C. 11. Congdon, 1848-'5y; Aus tin S. Baker, 1853-55 ; John T. GTifSth, 1855- -'57 ; A. D. Smith, 1857-'61 ; J. C. Baker, 1861 ; William Wightraan, 1802 ; C. H. Cong don, 1863; Heman Barnea, '63; 0. U. Congdon, 1864, J. T. Griffith, 1865; J. 0. Williams, ]8G5-'G7. M. W. Doncg.in, elected in 1867, is tbo present superintendent. The town origininally was divided into 6 dis tricts, agrooablyto a law ofthe Stale passed in 1786. By a vote of the inhabitants in 1792, the town was divided into 9 districts, and 3 more were added,in 1812. There are at present 14 districts, 2 of which — ^No. 4 and No. 10 — are fractional. CHUEOH HISTOEY. We do not come up lo the standard of piety and devotedness of our fathers and mothers. They would travel many miles, over bad roads, on foot and on horseback, to bear a sermon, A log barn in summer, and a log school-house in winter. If the building was small, the hearers were obliged to be without, seated on logs, while the preacher stood in the door and proclaimed tbe word of life. THE BAPTISTS Organized a church, in 1781. There had beeu no preaching in town before except by some itinerant ministers, whose literary quali ficalions were not great, and yet very weU adapted to the condition of tbe people of that day. It is said of these early ministers, that "tbey toiled in the cold and in tbe heat, by day and by night, traversing the wilderness from one solitary dwelling to another, by marked trees and half made roads, fording rivers and streams, often without a guide.'' The first Baptist society was formed in 1781, and the Rev. Hezekiah Eastman was the first settled minister. Among tbe early members were Thomas Rowley, Abraham Chase, Wil liam Bromley, Sen., John Stafford, Nathan Rowley, Eoger Williams, Joseph Fowler, Stephen Calkins and Abel Haskins. At a meeting of tbe inhabitants, held at tbe house of Stephen Calkins, "May ye llth, 1781," Thomas Rowley moderator, it was voted to give the Rev. Mr. Eastman a caU to settle in the work of the ministry in Danby. It was also voted, tbe first minister that should be or dained over a church of Christ in Danby, "by the laying on of hands," shall be fully entitled to the right reserved by the charter for the first settled minister. Mr. Eastman accepted the call, and was or dained iu October following, as the recorda show ; "October ye llth, 178L " Tbe church of Christ in the town of Danby, to,gethor with the voice of the people of the town, in meeting assembled, unanimously agreed and gave the Rev. Hezekiah Eastman a call to settle in the work of the ministry iu the town of Danby. The Rev. Elder Waldo, the Rev. Elder Dakens and the Eev. Elder Rogera were appointed to assist in the ordaining of Mr. Eastman over said church in Danby. After every measure was taken, agreeable to the constitution of Philadelphia, present in Danby, the Rev. Elders Waldo, Dakens, Eog- DANBY. 605 ers, and the Rev. Mason and Cornwall, all as sisted in ordaining the Rev. Mr. Eastman over the church of Christ in Danby. The Rev. Mr. Waldo preached tbe sermon, from Ezekiel ye 33 chapter, from the 2d to the Oth verses. Eld er Rogers g.ave the charge, and Elder Dakens gave the right hand of fellowship, &c." The Rev. Mr. Eastman supplied the church here until about the year 1800, when it dis solved. Being without a house of worship, meetings were held iu private bouses, and some times in barns and school-bouses. When the brick school-bouse was built, meetings were held there. The Baptist church was re-organ ized in 1826, under the auspices of Elder Jo seph Packer. Previous to tbat time there had been only occasional preaching by Rev. Elias Hurlbut, Rev. Harvey Crowley, Elders Daniel and Joseph Packer and othera. The church was then in a flourishing condition, aud the most prosperous of any period iu its existence. Among its members at that time were Azel Kelley, John Babbitt. Ephraim Chace, Hiram Kelley, Rowland R. Green, William Johnson, Allen C. Roberts, Harvey Crowley, Benjamin Chace, William Haskins, Ruth Haskins, Polly Davis, Hannah Chace, and some others. Bph raim Chace, Azel Kelley and Hiram Kelley were its deacons. The organization was kept up for some 20 years, since whieh it has de clined. There is no organized society al the present time. METHODIST. A Methodist society was organizied here at a very early day. The first church was built in 1795, and stood west of the Cornera, near the burial ground. The Rev. Jared Lobdel was tbe first' settled minister over this church, and the flrst Methodist who preached in town. He was a local preacher here for many years. performing pastoral duties longer than any man since. He waa laborious and useful, and his preaching plain and powerful. During Mr. Lobdel'a ministry there were several interest ing revivals. His meetings were sometimes held in private houses, in groves, and some times in barns. Lorenzo Dow visited this town in 1797, and preached in the old meet ing-house, wbich was well filled. In 1800, a class was formed in the southwest part of the town, and also one on the east side. Their meetings were held mostly at private houses. The church at one time numbered about 70 members. Among the' early members of the society were Alexander Barrett, Gideon Bar num, Timothy Bamum, Darius Lobdel, Wil liam Edmunds, Johu Eansom, Henry Herrick, Henry Signor, John Signor, Henry Herrick, Jr., Eliaha Tift, Luciuda Emerson, Huldah Ben- soUj Betsey Calkins, Mary Kelley, Jonathan Randall, Nathan Weller, Moses Vail, Lucy Vail, Phebe Griffith and Dennis Canfield. Since 1804, the Methodist church has been supplied by circuit preachers. The first cir- cuit minister who preached here that year was the Rev. Seth Chrowell, who then be longed to the Brandon circuit. He deserves an honorable place among the heroes of the early history of Methodism. He commenced his la- bora in 1801, and continued them for 25 years. He combined distinguished argumentative powera with great hortatory ability. His ap- peala were said to have been sometimes over whelming. He labored while here with un common zeal, and his future labors were per formed amid great bodily infirmity and severe mental conflicts, until utter prostration laid him aside. He died in 1826, honored and be loved. The Rev. George Powers and tbe Rev. Justus Byington also preached here during tbe year 1804, and supplied both the east and west side. The society then numbered about 30 members. In 1805, the Rev. Samuel Draper and the Rev. Reuben Harris preached here once in 2 weeks. The Rev. Mr. Draper is said to have done valiant service for Methodism here, be ing indefatigable in his labors. He commenced his preaching in 1801, and continued until bis death, in 1824. He was presiding elder from 1810 to 1815, always laborious and useful. The Rev. Samuel Howe and the Rev. George W. Powers preached here at stated intervals during the year 1806. Quarterly meetings were regularly held here, and largely attended. The Rev. Daniel Bromley waa the presiding elder from 1804 to 1807, and preached here occasionally. Mr. Bromley was a native of this town, and belonged to the Brandon circuit In 1807, Rev. Phineaa Cook and Rev. Lewia Peaae were assigned here, and met tbeir ap pointments regularly. The Rev. Mr. Peaae waa a very devoted and successful laborer in the Christian ministry. He was reared iu Canaan, N. Y., and Brandon was his first cir cuit, and North Second street, Troy, waa the scene of his last successful ministrations. Rev. Dexter Bates and Rev. Stephen Lom- borger were sent here in 1808, both of whom were zealous, pious, faithful ministers. Tho next, who came in 1809, were Rev. Phineaa Eice and Rev. Francis Brown. Tn 1810, Rev. Tobias Spicer and Eev. Daniel Bromley sup- 606 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. plied. The Eev. Mr. Spicer was born Nov. 7, 1778, at Kinderhook, N. Y. He entered the ministry at tbe age of 22, joined the circuit and preached here the first year. He was a noble spirited man, a good preacher, and pow erful exhorter, "known and read of all men" who bave any acquaintance wilh Methodism. Of integrity and industry ho is a notable ex ample. Tho Brandon circuit was at that time very large ; it embraced no less tban 31 towns and 30 regular appointments. These appoint ments were each visited once in 4 weeks ; ao that there was preaching once a fortnight In order to attend those appointments, the minia ters had to ride about 400 miles in 4 weeks, which was performed on horseback, over ex ceedingly bad roads. Rev. William Anson, who was presiding elder from 1807 to 1811, preached here at the quarterly meetings. Mr. Anson was a native of England, a student of Oxford, and came to America in early life. He is said to have been subsequently a secre tary under General Washington. At the age of 26 he became the subject of converting grace, and joined the New York Conference in 1800. He was one of the pioneers of Metho dism. Those who knew him, say that he was a genuine specimen of an old fashioned Metho dist preacher. He died in 1848. In 1811, Phineas Rice and Rev. Francis Brown returned to thia appointment. The Eev. Jamea Young also preached here tbat year. In 1812, Rev. David Lewia and Eev Bardsley Northrup came. Mr. Lewis was here 2 years, his colleague in 1813 being the Rev. Thomas Maddin. In 1814, Rev. Al mond Dunbar and Rev. Nicholas White atten ded to this appointment, aud Samuel Draper, the presiding elder, visited tbe town. Rev. Justus Byington, who preached here in 1804, was again sent here in 1815. He was associated witb tbe Rev. Jacob Boman. Mr. Byington was here 2 years, hia associate iu 181G being Rov. David Lewis. Jacob Bo man entered tbe ministry in 1808, and ia said to have been laborious and uaeful while here. IIo never wearied of proacliing, especially against Calvinism. Rev. David Lewis was also boro in 1817, associated with tbo Rev. Jamea Covell, who was then quite young. Mr. Covell was born in tho town of Marble- head, Mass., in 179G. At tbo session of the N. Y. Conference, held in Juno, 1816, he was admitted on trial, and wns appointed to the Brandon circuit in 1817. Mr. Covell was a de voted atud^t and a good scholar, and ranked among the most distinguished men of the Troy Conference. His preaching ia said to have been coucise, clear and instructive, and he a consistent Christian. The Rev. Isaac Hill, Phineas Doan and Moses Amidown preached here in 1818. Rev. Henry Stead the presid ing elder, waa here during the quarterly meet ings. Rev. Mr. Stead was an Englishman by birth, and entered the itinerant fleld in 1804. He waa, as we are told, an excellent presiding elder, being kind, frank and humorous. He was a warm hearted Christian and decided Meth odist. Rev. Moses Amidown was here again in 1819, a-ssociated with Rev. Levi Barnet. In 1820, the Rev. Samuel Draper and Eev. Jacob Beman, were again appointed here, together with Rev. Elisha Dewey. Mr. Draper was also here in 1821, and Rev. Mr. Amidown was re appointed, and the church prospered under their charge. In 1822, there was circuit preaching by the Rev. George Smith and the Rev. Hiram Meeker. Rev. John S. Stratton was the presiding elder for that quarter. From 1823 to '32, tbe following circuit min isters preached here, viz. Harvey DeWolf| Eev. Philo Pherris, 1823 ; Rev. DiUin Stephens, 1824; Rev. Cyrus Prindle, Rev. Lucius Bald win, 1825; Rev. Tolman Todd, Rev. Anthony Rice, 1826 ; Eev. Almond Dunbar. Rev. Amos Hazelton, 1827; Rev. Salmon Stebbins, Rev. James Goodrich, 1328 ; Rev. Reuben Wescott, Rev. Cyrus Prindle, 1829; Rev. Joshua Poor, Rev. Joseph Eames, 1330 ; Rev. Joshua Poor, Rev. William Ryder, 1831 ; Rev. Christopher Morris, Rev. Lyman Prindle, in 1832. 'The following presiding elders preached here during that quarter, viz. Eev. Buell Goodell, Rev. Lewis Pease and Eev. Tobias Spicer. The Troy Conference organized in 1832, has sent tbe following ministers here; Rev. John Atley, Rev. John Fitch. Rev. Anthony Rice, in 1833; Rev. David Poor, Rev. Peter Harrow er, Eov. Arnold Kingsbury, in 1834; Rev. Alden S. Cooper, Rev. Manley Witherell, in 1835; Rev. Ira Bentley, Rev. Hiram Blanch ard, in 1836 ; and the Rev. William Hurd in 1337-38. The old Methodist meeting-bouse, west of tbe Corners, was torn down in 1822, before and after which time meetings for the west side of the town were held at the brick school-house, and for the east side in the achool-houae at the Borough. Tbe Methodists were without a church IG years. In 1838, there were three societies formed, each of which erected a DANBY. 607 church. The one at tho Borough was built flrst, and dedicated by the Rev. Stephen Martindale, of Wallingford. That society was composed of Episcopal Methodists, Close Communion Bap tists and Friends. The church south of the Cor ners was finished next, in 1839, and dedicated by the Rev. Mr. Martindale. The society was composed of Methodists and Baptists. The church at the Corvera was completed about the year 1840, aud dedicated by the Rev. Mr. Brown, a Universalist minister. This was de signed as a Union church, and was dedicated as such, all denominations being represented. Since 1838, the Methodist Episcopal church es have been supplied by the following preach ers: Bev. William Hurd, 1838; Rev. Josiah Chamberlin, 1 839 ; Rev. Albert Chamberlin and Rev. John Brown, 1840; Rev. Albert Chamberlin, 1841 ; Rev. Chester Chamberlin, lS42-'44: Sylvester demons, 1844-'46 ; Rev. Benjamin Cox, 1847. From 1848 to '55 there was no regular preacher sent here. Since that time the following named ministers have sup plied : Rev. Hurlburt, 1855; Rev. Lewis Dwight, 1856; Rev. J. L.Cook, 1858; Rev. Wesley Clemens, 1859; Rev. Mr. Hannah, 1860; Rev. M. A. Wicker, 1861 ; Rev. H. H. Smith, 1862 and 1863 ; Rev. Mr. Newton, 1864 ; Rev. Mr. Whitney, 1865 ; Rev. D. Rose, 1866; and Rev. Z C. Picket from 1867, and who continues to supply the cbnrch here, hav ing been returned for the third time. A spir ited revival took place here in the winter of 1859-60, under the preaching of Rev. Mr. Clemons. An interesting Sahbath school has been connected with this church for many years, and libraries have been established. Since 1830, donation festivals have become general and popular. 'When tbey were first introduced, they were limited to the supply of the pastorate, wii;h such necessary articles aa each donor could conveniently apare from hia own stores. Since money haa become the most plentiful article in the community, dona tions are almost exclusively made in cash, and frequently from $100 to $200 are raised in an evening. The effect of these festivals has been ' to create more sympathy among the people, and between the pastor and people. The larg- ' est festival held waa in the winter of 1868, for the benefit of the Rev. Z. C. Picket, $236 ob tained. Besides the amount raised at these festivals, a salary of about $500 ia paid to the minister each year, raised by subscriptaon. FMENDS, OE QUAEEES. A very .large number of the flrst isettlers ' were Quakers, and a society was formed here at an early day. Their meetings were first held in a log-house, which stood on the hill, weat of the residence of Howell Dillingham. The first church was erected in 1785, located in the S. E. corner of the farm now belonging to James E. Nichols. The society held its meet ings bore until 1 806, when the building was sold to Reuben White, and has since beeu used for a barn. Among the early members of this society were Stephen Rogers, Aaron Hill, Wing Rog ers, Ebenezer Smith, David Lapham, Anthony Nichols, Joseph Button, Jacob Eddy, Timothy Bull, Crispin Bull, David Lapham, Joseph Davis, Jacob Bartlett, Luther Colvin, John Barlow, Reuben White, Josiah Southwick, William Boyce, Isaac Wilbur, Gilbert Palmer, Nathan Smith, Asa Smith, Joseph Irish, Enoch Congor, Ezekiel Ballard, Harris Otis, Elkanah Parris, Daniel Cook, Jazaniah Barrett, Dan iel Southwick, Benjamin Kelley and Aaron Rogers. Another church was built in 1805, near the present residence of Howell Dillingham, and for many years the quarterly aud monthly meetings were hold here. Al the time this church was built, tbe Friends outnumbered all other religious societies. Many emiuent Qua kers have preached here, among whom was Elias Hicks, who visited this towu about the year 1830. The society of Friends continued to prosper until 1827, when the Hiokaite* division took place. Among those who were instrumental in establishing the Orthodox society here were Harris Otis, Frieud Smith, Booth Rogers and others, and a church was erected about the year 1830, near the residence of William Her rick. Tbe orthodox society, faifing for mem bers and want of aupport, finally discontinued their meetings, and the church waa torn down some 10 years since. In 1845, a new church was built on the east side of the town, since which the monthly meet ings bave been held there a part of the time, and the other part al the old church. Por a number of years past the quarterly andymonth- ly meetings have been held here and at Gran ville, N. Y., alternately. Tbe Friends' church ia gradually declining, there being but few mem bers now living in town, among whom are Joaiah Southwick and wife, Isaac Nichols, John Bell, Joseph Bartlett and wife, David Boyce * See History of Grand Isle, pago 536, Vol. II.— iM. 603 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. and wife. Prince Hill and wife, and Job Scott aud wife. We foresee and apprehend what tbe fate of this society will be, and that a few years hence there will nol be a member left in town. Thus will pass, and doubtless never to be re vived here, this venerable and once prosperous church, although there are many Quaker de scendants among the inh.abitants. The old church near Mr. Dillingham's was purchased in 1867 by David Staples, of Granville, N. Y., and torn down, wbich created aome difficulty among the people and members of the society, it being claimed by aome that, according to the deed. the building could nol thus be .sold. The prem ises were deeded in 1807, by Joseph Button and Harris Otis, to Anthony Nichols and Eze kiel Ballard, as being members of the denom ination of Friends, and appointed by said denom ination of people, by a minute of their monthly meeting, to take the deed. The money paid for these premises was the property of the meet ing, and by the members thereof raised by a free, voluntary contribution for that purpose, which premises were to be holden entirely for the use and benifit of the society forever, and their successors in membership tbat should re main in unity with the society. Also, all tbe privileges and appurtenances thereunto belong ing were conveyed to Anthony Nichols and Ezekiel Ballard, as members of said people, un der the direction of the yearly, quarterly and monthly meetings ofthe Friends and their suc cessors that should remain in unity in the said meetings, forever. Whether they bad a ri,ght to sell tbe building or not, it was torn down very much against the wishea of the people, especial ly many who bad friends buried there, and whose efforts to check the proceedings were un availing. This venerable structure, whicii had stood there for more than 60 year.s, and in which tbe fathers and mothera of tbe town worshipped, and around which sacred recollections clung, was thus sacrilegiously torn down. The burial- ground connected with tbe church, in which lie the remuina of many of tbe earlier members of the society, nnd those of Inter times, still make it a hallowed spot. It isstill tho ivish of many that when they die thoir bodies may be deposited in this yard. It was also their wish to liavo the church stand tliero, for funeral purposes, if for no other. Besides tbe churches nnd societies already named, there bave been, within our limits, Cou- gregationaliats, Universalists, Second Advent- iats and Spiritualists. The Congregationalists and Universalists have beeu at times quite nu merous. The church of the Disciples haa also been repreaented here. Within the past ten or twelve years Spiritualism has prevailed to a considerable extent, and at present there are a large number of believers in the new spiritual philosophy. CEMETERIES. There are some 6 or 7 public cemeteries in the town, besides aeverel family cemeteries. The oldest is on the farm originally owned by ilicah Vail, and now by Eunice Reed. It was given to the town in 1776, by Capt John Vail, aud Micah Vail and his wife were the flrst per sons interred ; it is almost entirely occupied. The next oldest is west of tbe Corners, on the farm of Ira H. VaiL It was given to the town in 1735, by Henry Herrick. Tbe third was laid off from the I/cmuel GrfBith farm in 1795. This yard has recently been enlarged and improved, being enclosed by a neat and durable fence. The Friends or Quaker ceme tery ia next oldest, laid out in 1806. Gilbert Palmer was the first person interred. The Friends have another small burial ground, on the east side ofthe town, laid off from the farm originally owned by Anthony Nichols, and near the residence of Isaac Nichols. The next oue is a small pubhc cemetery, near the residence of Edwin Staples. There is also another in the Little Village, and one in the northwest part of the town, near tbe residence of Ersvin B. Lillie. and another cemetery, near Scottsville, laid off from the farm of Joseph Bull It has lately been enlarged and handsomely im proved. In 1865, an association was formed, known as the Danby Cemetery Association, chartered by the State Legislature, and to George Hadwin, G. W. Phillips, W. L. Phillips, Charles Nichols. Nelson Colvin, Thomas Nich ols, 0. B. Hadwin. David Griffith, J. S. Perry, -V S, Baker, R. E. Caswell, S. P. Scott, S. W. Phillips and others. Thia association was or ganized in 1866. The cemetery contains one acre or more, laid out in lots, avenues and walks, alleys and areas, substantially fenced, and a contract has just been completed for set ting the cemetery to shade-trees, and to grade. the lots in tiers with the avenuea, etc., which, when completed, will make aa fine a cemetery as there ia in this part of the country. FAMILY SKETCHES. Note. — b. elands for born; m. for married; d. for diod ; ftud da. for daughter. Allen, John, from Rhode Island, at a very early day, settled on the farm now owned by An thony Haloy. He was one of tbe first settlers DANBY. 609 in tbat part of the town. His log-cabin was erected a few rods east from where the dwell ing-house now stands. He died many years since at an advanced age, leaving 5 sons : Prince, Zoeth, John, Jude and Isaac. Jude m. Phebe, da. of Elihu Benson, and settled in Genesee Co., N. Y., where be died. Prince m. a da. of Daniel Bowen, waa a re spected citizen ; twice m. . children by first wife, Abigail, Daniel, Ira m. Rebecca, da. of Stephen Calkins, Jr.; Pru.ssia, Joseph and Lau ra ; 2d, Experience, da. of Job King ; children : King, David, Ruth, Hannah, Rhoda and Rhoba. Zoeth m. Jane Harper, was aelectman 9 years, representative in tbe Legislature 4 years, and a justice of the peace 27 years, being the longest time any man haa served in tbat office in this town. In 1820 he removed with bis family to Western New York. His children were Isaac, Sally, Joshua, Sylvia and Jane. Isaac m. Sylvia, da. of .Tonalhan Staples, and settled in Little Village, but finally remov ed to Collins, N. Y. John, Jr., m. Sally Brown ; settled in the N. W. part of the town, but moved to Pawlet in 1815. He was a substantial man ; died in 1852, aged 91 ; hia wife in 1851, aged 71. His sons were Nathan and Elisha. Nathan m. Ju lia Lefifiingwell of Middletown. and settled in Pawlet; was one of the directors of Poultney bank for several years. He died in 1863, aged 72. Joseph, son of Prince Allen, m. Laura, da. of Alexander Barrett, and succeeded to the home stead of his father. He removed lo Lincoln, Vt, in 1842, where he died some years since. Alexander, his oldest son, living at the West, is the only representative of the family living. Andrus, Hon. John H., from Colchester, Ct, in 1780, m. Rachael Willey, and settled in the west part of the town. He was selectman 11 years, representative 9 yeara ; being the long est term that any man has served in that ofSce ; member of the Constitutional Convention of 1814, and a councillor in 1820; in 1811, one of the judges of the county court and again in 1813. He removed to Pawlet in 1822. where he died in 1841, aged 73. His wife died in '21, aged 50. Their children wero Johu, Ezra, Hannah, Tempa, Sophia, Clara, Julia and Alta. Andrews, Dr. Joseph, from Hubbardton in 1838, settled here in the practice of medicine. He removed back to Hubbardton, and from thence to Granville, bis present place of resi dence. Andrews, Dr. David, from Hubbardton, aettled in the south part of the town, in his profession. He was also a Methodist preacher and exhorter. He na., 1st, Nadocia Woodcock, who died in 1863, aged 42 ; 2d, Betsey Wait, and removed lo Brant, Erie Co., N. Y., whore he died some 2 years since. His son Joseph ia a graduate of Castleton Medical College, and ia a practicing phyaician in Brant. ARMaTRONO, Joseph, from Bennington in '76, was a temporary resident He settled in the north west part of the town, and a portion of his farm was afterwards included in the lown of Pa-wlet, where he finally settled. [See His tory of Pawlet. ] Axtel, Daniel, married Sarah, da. of Jona than Baker, and aettled at the Corners, where he kept store for several years. He was con stable from 1827 to '29. He now lives in W. New York. BatER, Stephen, from Rhode Island in 1790, m. Susanna Mathewson, and settled iu Little Village in 1804. Some, time after this he went to Rhode Island, where he resided for a few yeara. In 1828 he returned to this town and settled near Scottsville, where his son Oreou now fives. He died in 1858, aged 80. Hia widow is still living, at the age of 83, having beeu a smart, active woman in her day. Al though far advanced in yeara, she distinctly re members the events connected wilh tbeir early settlement here, the customs and circumstances of those days. They raised a family: Anson, Benjamin, Brayton, Edia, Oreon, Austin S., John, Sarah, Elizabeth and Pbilena. John, tbe youngest son, m. Julia, daughter of Israel Shel don, and haa settled near Scottsville. Baker, Edia, m. Salusha Davenport, and set tled near Scottsville. She died- in 1864, aged 46. He next m. Henriette, widow of John Scott Ho died in 18GG, aged 53. He was justice of the peace a number of years. We know of but two children : Joel C, and George now in the U. S. service. Joel C. is an attor ney. He married Addie, da. of L. P. Howe, and lives in Rutland. He ia at present the lo cal editor of the Rutland Herald. Baker, Peter, brother of Stephen, from Ehode Island in 1804, m. Hannah Millard, and settled in the Little Village. He died in 1852, aged 78 ; bis wife in '37, aged 'G3 ; children were: Lydia, Candace, m. Daniel Kolley; Jonathan, Sanford, Stephen, Willard, Amasa and Nathan L. Lydia m. Einer Wooden, and settled in Michigan. Jonatlian m. Anna Hos- more of Mt. Holly, where he aettled. Hia chil dren are ; Marcellus, m. a Wheeler, and lives 610 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. at the Borough — a first-class mechanic — Anna, James, Mary and Ann. Sanford m. Lydia Hill of Montpelipr; settled in Mt Holly, aub.se- quontly in Mt T;ibor, where he has lived some 40 years: children: George, m. Jennie Wil liams, and has kept tavern at the Borough sov- ernl years; Naomi, m. Louis Streoter, who di ed at New Orleans, during the war of 18G1 ; Mary, ra. George Bealls, and lived in Phillips- ton, Mass.; Ilenry J. m. Marion Williams; Lydia Ann, m. Timothy Shepard, ^and lives in Phillipston, Mass. ; Peter : Nathan, died at Baltimore during the rebellion ; Charlea and Merrill. Baker, Willard, m. Esther Gordon, and set tled firat in Starksboro, and settled here a few years aince. They have raised but two chil dren, Oliver G. and George. Oliver m. Eu genie, da. of Harvey Emerson, and settled with his father. George was a member of tbe 14th regiment, and killed at the battle of Gettys- bursr. Baker, Nathaniel L,. m. Sopbronia, da. of Joseph Bartlett ; was constable and collector in 1863; children: Henry S. ; Adelaide, m. Loren F. Sheldon, of Rupert ¦ Alice, m. P. W. Thomp son, of Mt. Tabor ; and Sumner W. ; Henry S. a. graduate of Middlebury College, is now prin cipal of West Pawlet Academy. Ballard, Ezekiel, from Rhode Island in 1775, m. Dinah Shippee, and settled on the north part of the farm now owned by A. A. Mathewson. The orchard which he sel out there is still standing. His farm waa originally confined to a few acres, but he finally became a large landholder. He waa a Quaker, one of the early members of that society, a great hun ter, and somewhat eccentric in his habits. His stories of hunting in the early days of the town were very aniu.sing, as well as interesting. The rehearsals of encounters with boars, pan thers, catamounts and other wild game, and the manner in which he would tell them, was pleasing to tho old and young. Although in imminent dnnger many times, "Zcke,'' as he often called himself, would aoldom miss bis aim. IIo was very fond of story-telling, fhll of wit and humor, kind and genial tow.ard3 every one. Ho mndo bis last settieniont on tbe farm now occupied by J. T. Griffith. The house in which he lived was torn down several years since. He died in 1828, aged 80 ; his wife a few years after. Bancroft, Ahasa, fVom Montpelier, in 1832, m. Lydia, da. of Barney Hadwin, settled at tbe Borough, in the tannery businoss j was select man 2 years, represented the town in 1852 i was a very capable and worthy citizen. He was killed in 1856, while drawing bark from the mountain. His horses becoming sudden ly frightened, he was thrown beneath the wheels, tbe heavily loaded wagon passing over him. He survived but two days. He was 45 years of age, and left four children. Bartlett, Jacob, from Rhode Island in 1795, m. Anna Cook, and settled near the present homestead of Willard Baker. He was a member of the Quaker society. His house was situated on tbe old road, now discontin ued. He first lived in a house built of birch poles, tbe interstices filled with mud, and roofed with bark. There was but one other log-cabin at the Borough at that time. He was about the first blacksmith in town, and worked al that trade for many years. Some of bis work, done in 1797, is still to be seen. He died at Granville, N. Y., in 1837, aged 86; his wife in 1846, aged 9G. They raised a fam ily : Jacob, Joseph, Daniel, Jemima, Naomi, Anna, Sarah and Judith. Jacob m. Cynthia, da. of Deliverance Rogers, and removed to Ohio in 1837. Daniel m. Eliza Potter, aud diod in 1822. He was a carpenter. Naomi m. Albert Mead, and settled in Ferrisburg, Anna m Augustus Eogers, and settled in Fer risburg. Sarah m. Richard Barnes, and fives in Saratoga, N. Y. Judith m. Enoch Colvini and settled in Danby. He was a son of Jo seph Bartlett, who, together with his two brothers, Jacob and Abner, emigrated from Manchester, England, during tbe latter part of the seventeenth century. Joseph settled in Rhode Island, Abner settled in Massachusetts, and Jacob settled in New Hampshire. From them have sprung the numerous family of Bartlctts in America. Josiah Bartlett, ono of the aignera of the Declaration of Independence, was a descendant of Jacob Bartlett of New Hampshire. Joseph, m. Isl, Phebe, da. of Stephen Colvin, who died in 1823, aged 29— 2d, Eliza Potter. 3d, Mary, widow of Phillip Potter, with whom he now fives. They have attained the agea of 77 and 74, respectively. lie has been a very iudustrioua man, and still retaina great phyaical and mental ability. He came here with hia father, at the age of three, and haa been a resident of tbe town ever since. He ia a natural and very ingenious mechan ic, and has framed and assisted in erecting a good many buildings. Much of his work haa been done by " scribe rule." In 1827, he built the saw-mill known as tho. "Bourne's DANBY. 611 miU," and in 1837 the griat-mill now owned by H. B. Jenkins. He ia quiet and domeatic in his habits, and highly esteemed. To him we are especially indebted for many items compos ing this chapter. His children are : Mary Ann, m. Joel Chamberlin, and lives in Ohio ; Ira, m. Huldah Colvin, and lives in Granville; Henry, m. Salusha Davis; Daniel m. Olive, da. of Samuel Emerson, and fives in Ohio : So phronia ; Phebe, m. Frank A. Carpenter, of Poultney ; Cbloe : George, m. Sarah Jane Smith. Bartlett, Abner, from Rhode laland in 1798, m. Drusilla Smith. He first erected a log-cabin on the hill east of Nelson Kelley's, and the foUowing year a framed bouse further east, still standing. He was a blacksmith, and worked with his brother Jacob aome. He died in 1801, wilh the small pox, leaving children: Dexter; Anna, m. Levi Taft ; Savid; Smith, m. Lydia, Mary, Daniel, Abel and Jere my. Dexter succeeded to the homestead of his father, in 1840 removed to Holland Pur chase. N. Y., where be died in 1866. Savid, m. Prusaia, da. of Prince Allen. He was a machiniat and edge-tool manufacturer. He built a trip-hammer in 1810, near the high bridge, for the manufacture of edge-tools, wbich business he carried on for nearly 30 yeara. A blacksmith-shop waa run in connec tion with this manufactory. He was called, and sustained the reputation of being the best scythe-manufacturer in tbe country. Many of his scythes and axes are still in existence. He was selectman from 1821 to 1824, and occu pied other positions of trust. In 1840, he re moved with his family to Holland Purchase. He died in 1856; his wife in 1868. quite ad vanced in years. The-ir children were Abner, Prince Marcus, Plyn, Rutli, Smith and David. Marcus, m. Fanny, da. of Azel Kelley, and set tled here a few years, being a school teacher by profession. He waa the firat auperintend- ent of common achoola. He is at present liv ing in CoUins, N. Y., and is assistant assessor of Internal Revenue. Plyn m. Susan, da. of Ephraim Chace, and lives in Collins. He ia the owner of a splendid horae, valued at $5,000. The horse is a native of this town. Abel, m. Hannah Boomer, was a blacksmith, and work ed in the same shop with his brother Savid. He was burned to death m 1821, while bum- mg a coal pit, on tbe farm now owned by Jo siah Southwick. A cabin which stood near the coal pit, in which he waa sleeping iu company with two others, caught fire, and be fore he could escape, he inhaledthe flamea, which proved fatal. He aurvived but a short lime. He waa but 25 years of age. His widow ia still living, at the age of 74. He left but 2 children, Ann and Abel. Abel m. Mary McLaughlin, and resides in Spuyten Duyvil, N. Y. He ia the inventor and patentee of several useful inventions, among which is tbe " Bartlett Polar Refrigerator," ao extensively known. He ia also a landscape painter and an artist of fine taste. He haa acquired a large fortune, and has 2 children, Charlea and Ada. Daniel, m. Ruth, da. of Deliverance Rogers. He represented the town in tbe Legislature iu 1834 '35, was selectman 3 yeara, and occupied other poaitiona of trust Their children were : Lucius, Wing, John, Deliverance, Mary, m. Freeman Paddock, of Dorset ; Lydia, Martin and David. Barrett, Jazaniah, from Rhode Island in 1806, ra. Rhoda Reed. He waa a member of tbe Quaker society. He at firat was extenaively engaged iu the manufacture of potash. Af terwarda waa for many years a successful merchant. He died some years since, at While Creek, N. Y. Hia children were : John, Jonathan, Jazaniah, Eliaha, George, Stephen, Hannah, m. Slocum Barker, of While Creek; Abagail, and Ehoda, m. Obadiah Alma. Ste phen m, Eliza Barker, and waa engaged in the mercantile buaineaa ; subaequently moved to Middletown, and waa one ofthe active busineaa men of that town many yeara. John, m. Hul dah Brown, of White Creek, N. Y., and aettled at the Corners in the mercantile busineaa, in wbich he waa engaged for several yeara, but long since removed from town. Jonathan, m. Anna Barker ; was a man of considerable shrewdness and activity, although not very aucceasful in buaineaa. He built the firat woolen factory, in 1810, which he run success fully for a number of years ; but a pressure of circumstances caused a failure iu 1S25, by which be was nearly or entirely ruined. Many of hia creditora lost quite heavily, which proved ruinous to many bu.-iness men and farmers. He subaequently removed to Granville, N. Y., where he still lives. Jazaniah, Jr., m. Sally Barker, of Tinmouth ; was a merchant many years; at one time owned three stores, one each in Danby, Tinmouth and Middletown. He final ly removed to Middletown, whero he continued the mercantile business, until about the year 1839. He did a large busineas for a number of years, as a merchant, and in buying and sell ing cattle and farm produce. 612 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Barrett, Capt. Alexander, came to this town about 1788 ; m. Catherine, widow of Capt. John Vail ; waa one of the earliest mem bers of the Molliodist church, and a class-leader; a man of considerable wealth, was a captain in the local militia, and occupied many prominent positions in society; diod iu 1819, aged 81; his wife in 1847, aged 79. Their children were : Sophronia ; Fanny, m. Martin Bromley, and lived in Rochester, N. Y. ; Anna. Cantlin, Laura and Hannah. Cantlin m. Polly Odell, and succeeded to tho homestead, and some years after removed to Ohio. Barrett, Levi, from Pawlet, m. Harriet Powell, and aettled al the Borough. He car ried ou the tannery business, now owned by Lincoln & Mattocks, and did a large busineas for a number of years. He was aelectman 4 years, and was also a member of the Legisla ture. He removed to Olean, N. Y., in 1868. Barnes, Bradford, born at Ply^nouth, Mass., in 1746, came here in 1790, and settled on the Rowland Stafford farm, near the Bor ough, now owned by A. S. Baker. He m. Sarah Howard, who died iu 1830, aged 75. He kept a public house until 1800, which was about the first tavern ou tho east side of the town. He was selectman 3 years, from 1790 ; became a leading farmer and was held in es teem. He died in 1816, aged 69. His chil dren were : Hoaea, Benjamin, Bradford, Jr.. and Sally. Benjamin, m. Zilphia Gifford, and succeeded to the homestead of hia father ; was justice 17 years ; in the Legislature 2 years, from 1832 and entrasted with numerous other town offices. He was an upright, amiable citi zen, and a well informed man, full of anecdote and humor. He died in 1861, aged 72, leav ing children : Clarissa, Sophronia, Heman and Harriet. Clarissa m. Joel Nichols, and lives in Jlontpelier. Hemau died from the effects of a cancor, in 1859. Barnom, Gideon, from Rhode Island at a very early day, was a manufacturer of potash in early times, nnd a Methodist class-leader for many years. He and hia wife both died long since. Their children wore: Timothy; Ann, 111. William Lake; Rhoda, m. Amasa Wade; Abagail, m. a Harding; and Sally. Benson, Ki.iiin, from libodo Island ; came early ns 1778, but wo learn bo did not make a permanent sotlloment until some years after. He was of English descent, his nncestora hav ing emigrated at an oarly day. He died mid dlo aged ; hia widow in 1S19, aged 92 ; chil dren ; Allan, Daniel, Solomon, Rufus, Duty, David, Amoa, Job, Jacob, Elizabeth, Cbloe and Phebe. Allen m. Loraine Bromley, and lived upon the homeatead, where be died. Daniel m. let, Billah Benaon, a couain, and aettled in Dorset ; 2d, Sarah Rogers, who ia now dead. He is still living. Solomon waa drowned in Lake Ontario. Rufus m. Ruth Marsh, went to Ellisburg, N. Y., and from thence to Ohio, aud is now dead. He was in the battle of Platts burg. Duty and David were twins, and both served in the war of 1812, and drew a pension. The former m. a Cook, and the latter a Briggs, and settled in Michigan. Amos m. 1st, a Gif ford, and remo\led to Jefferson county, N. Y. 2d, a Hubbard. Job m. a Hastings, and went to Ohio. Jacob m Tily Record, and settled in Dorset. He is now living in Ohio ; Cbloe m. a Leach, went to Ohio, and is now dead. Bishop, John it, from Salisbury, m. a daughter of Ishmael Matterson. He built and run a cloth-dressing and fulling mill several years ; raised a family of several children, none of whom lived in town. Boyce, David, married Jemima, da. of John Hill, and settled east of tbe Comers, on a portion of tbe farm now belonging to J. E. Nichols. In 1853, he removed to the east side. He is an exemplary Friend, and a worthy member of tbat society, and highly esteemed. Tbey have but one da., Sarah, m. J. B. Nichols. Bourne, Edmtnd, from Wallingford in 1841, m. Electa Bradley, and settled at the Borough, as a carpenter and house-builder — also owned and run a saw-mill over 20 years. In 1853, while plastering, some mortar accidentally flew into hia eyea, which nearly deatroyed his aight, and he is now nearly blind. They have cliildren, Charles, Montreville, Sophronia and Jennie. Charles m. Mary Sinclair, and is su perintendent of a cotton factory at Valparaiso, Ind. Montreville m. Susan Bucklin, of Shrews bury, and is freight agent at Rutland on the Rutland and Bennington Railroad. Bradley, Elijah, from Wallingford in 1841. m. Elizabeth, da. of James Soule, and settled at the Borough. He was overseer on the mar ble quarries for many years, and universally beloved by hia men. He was killed instantly, while falling a tree, in 1868, aged 47. He left 2 children, Emmagene and Georgie. Bradley, John, a native of Glasgow, Soot- land, born in 1828, came to America at the age of 14, nnd has visited hia native country three times; rn. Mary Ann Millard, now lives in the Little Village. Bbouqhton, p. a. H., from Hampton, N. Y., DANBY. 613 1861, m. Margaret McGowan, and settled at the Borough in the blacksmithing business. He .served in the late war, at his trade, being a. member of Co. I, 7lb, Regiment Vt. Vols. He is one of the leading and influential mem bers of the Methodist church, and a zealous of&ce bearer ; has 3 children. Bromley, William, Sen., from Nine Part ners, N. Y., in 1770, aettled on the present homestead of Ira H. Vail. Hia log-cabin was erected where the framed honse now stands ; was town clerk from 1776 to '80; proprietors' clerk in 1786 ; one of the committee of safety in 1777 ; selectman in 1781, and held the office of town treasurer from 1783 to '85. He was a man of strong sense aud sound judgment. He died in 1803, aged 84; his wife a short time previoua. The children : Charles ; Daniel ; William, Jr.,; John; Charity, m. John Hop kins, of Tinmouth ; Mary, m. Elisha Harring ton ; Sarah ; 'Elizabeth ; and Juda, m. James Prink, and lived in Petersburg, N. Y. Charlea lived but a short time in town. His children were Charles and Ichabod. John, the young est son, was a speculator in horses and cattle, aud did a large business in that line. He pur chased a large drove, which he took to Virgin ia, where it ia suppoaed he settled. He haa not beeu heard from since. Daniel, m. Betaey Halleck, aud was a thrifty farmer and exempla ry citizen. They both died at an advanced age. Their children were : Joaeph, Daniel, Halleck, Zephaniah, Lovine, Polly, Charlotte and Betaey, nearly all of whom removed to Plattaburg, N. Y. Daniel became a Methodist preacher. Lovine lived upon tbe homestead until 1811, when he removed to Pawlet. He was a cap tain of the militia; m. Nancy, da. of Daniel Hulett; he died in 1849, aged 49 — children of whom : Daniel H. m. Lucy Thompson, and is a merchant at Pawlet village, and has been a member of the Legislature 2 yeara from that town ; George W., a phyaician, m. Angenette Clark, and lives in Huntington ; Jerome B., m. Laura Clark, ia an attorney at Pawlet, and waa state's attorney for the county in 1865 and '66; Adams L.; Fayette, m. Alta Herrick. Henry, the youngest son, is blind, and has received an education at the asylum for the blind in Boston, and lives in Pawlet. William, Jr., m. Faithful, da. of Thomas Harrington. He came with hia father, a mere lad, and served in the Revolution ary war quite young ; drew a pension under the act of Congress of 1818 ; was also a soldier in the war of 1812 ; died in 1848, aged 90— hia wife in 1850, aged 89. They roared children : Tol man, Willard, Miner, Loraine, Faithful, Mary, Freelove, Lydia and Elizabeth. Willard m. Aral, Ruba Frink, ; 2d, Lydia, da. of Job King, who died in 1865. Willard ia stiU living, at the age of 79. Miner m. Julia Rudd — of their 13 children, Louisa, Leonora, Lyman, Margaret, Ma- riah, Amos and Charles, are now living. Lydia died in 18G8, and James, the second son, waa a aoldier in the late rebellion, and waa killed iu the flght before Richmond. Amos m. Cata, da. of L. G. Paris, and lives with his father. Bromley, Bethuel, from Preston, Ct, iu 1777, settled on the present homestead of Hi ram Bromley. He was a brother of William Bromley, Sen., and m. first, Herrick, who died previous to bis settling here ; 2d, Susan na Weller, from whom he separated ; 3d, Lydia McCleveland. He was one of the early settlers here, and experienced all the hardships and privations of a settlement in the wilderness, aud died in 18 — , aged about 70. His chil-. dren were : Joshua, Bethuel, Barton, William , Abigail m. EUery Morris, Rebecca, Lucretia, Eli m. Debra Sherman, Benjamin, m. Lydia Har vey, David; andLucy,m. Jamea Mead of Eaaton, N. Y. Bethuel m. Charity Miller, and settled in Canada. William, m. Rhoda Smith, settled here — afterwarda removed to Castleton — raised G children, of whom are : Smith, m. Phebe Wescott, and settled in Clarendon ; Braddoek, Sabrina, m. Peleg Eddy ; Rosalinda, m. Thomas Underwood ; Salinda and Minerva. Joshua, m. da. of Joseph Thayer, and settled in the north part of the town, on the farm now owned by Edward Staples. He was a soldier in tbe Rev olutionary war, having aerved at tbe age of 15, and drew a pension ; alao a captain in tbe lo cal militia. He acquired by hia own efforts a handsome property, and was a man of influ ence. He died iu 1825, aged 63 ; his wife in '52, aged 83. They raised a fiamily: Bradley, Hiram, Laura, Orifia, Rachel, Nelaon, Arabel la (died in 1839, aged 29), Erastus and Alonzo. Orilla m. Thomas Jones, and settled in Men don, N. Y. Rachel m. David Odeli of Man chester, and settled iu Ohio. Nelson m. Reu- hama Peck, and settled in Wisconsin. Erastus settled in Adrian, Michigan, and was a gun smith. Alonzo m. Susan, da. of John Sher man, and succeeded to the homestead of his father. He died in 1860, aged 43. Bromley, Barton, m. Lucind-a, da. of Capt. Burt and settled on the town farm. He waa for many years a justice of the peace, and fill ed many stations well, both public and private —died in 1831, aged 63 ; his wife in '42, aged 614 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. 72. Children : Martin, Edward, Bethuel, Burl, Eoswell, Ira, Phobe, John, Almeda and An drew. Bromley, Hiram, son of Joshua, m., firat, Julia Pratt who died in 1825, aged 27; 2d, Eliza Paddock, of Doraet. Tbey have raiaed : Eliza, Joshua, Frank, De Witt C, Hilan F., Mar tin, Cloo, Sarah, Anna, Adelaide, Erwin, Rob ert, Clarence, George and Nelson. Joshua m., first, Chariotla Williams of Winhall, who died soon after; 2d, Susan Atwood. He was lieu tenant ill tho late war, and was killed al the battle of Cold Harbor, Va. Prank m. Betsey Ann, da. of Oliver Fisk; has 3 children. Brown, Capt. Amos, from Gloucester, E. I., in 1782, settled on the farm now owned by Samuel Thompson: He made the first settle ment in that part of the lown. His log-house stood on the west side of the highway, oppo site tbe present dwelling-house. He subse quently settled on tbe homestead of his son Barton. In 1793 he built the present dwelling- house, whieh is one of the oldest framed-houses in town. He m. Lavina Comstock. who died in 181.3, aged 61; 2d, Europ, widow of John Hunt who died in 1841, aged 86. He was a justice of the peace several years, a captain in the militia ; was a frugal, industrious farmer, and much respected. He died in 1843, aged 86 : children, Dexter, Barton, Phebe, Esther and Nancy. Brown, Barton, m. Lovinia Brown, and succeeded to the homestead of his father, where he lived for 80 years, and had acquired consid erable property in land, which be continued to manage until he was 78 years of age, having always been a substantial farmer. He aud bis wife are both hving, well advanced in years They have raised 1 0 children : Hiram, Amos, Dexter, Orange, Daniel, Marshal, John, Ed ward, Caroline and Bmeline. Dexter and Or ange were both drowned in 1838, quite young. Brown, Eli.siia, brother of Amos Brown, from Rhode Island in 1800, settled in the north west part of the town. He afterwarda settled at the Corners, and built the firat tavern there, which be kept many yoiira. Ho removed to Homer, N. Y. His children wero: Simeon, Daniel, Eliaha, Polly, Botscy, Charlotte and So phia. BitowN, Asa, from Rhode Island about 1800, m. Ilonrictte Bnllou, and settled in the Little Villnge. His children were ; Daniel, Otia, Par- ia, A\'aterman and Parendia, all of whom re moved, many years since, to Ellisburg, N. Y. Beown,. Amasa, from Montpelier, aettled at the (lornera: his three aons. Oilman, Charles aud Harvey, came with their father and aettled in the blacksmithing business. They all re moved to Londonderry. His da. Emeline m. Jay Potter, and now lives in Wisconsin. Brown, Vaniah, from Shoreham, m. Nancy Ann Clark, and settled at the Corners as boot and shoemaker — removed to Middletown abont the year 1850. Their children are: Mary, Jane, m. Frank Davison of New York ; Arus, m. Jackson, livea in New York ; Marcellus, m. Anna McDonald ; Addie, m. Harley Morgaa of Rutland ; and Emma. Brownell, Benjamin, came here quite ear ly, and aettled on the farm now owned by Per ry G. Knights. He died many years since, ripe in years. He raised children : Joseph, Zadoc, Alpheus, Benjamin, Russell, Eunice and Sarah. Joseph m. Phebe Underhill, and settled at Scottsville. He owned and run a cloth -dress ing and fuUing-miU here a number of years. — There was also a carding-machine run in con nection witb tbat. He was a member of the Quaker society. In 1868 he removed to India na, where his brother Russell lives. Alpheus m. Polly Eggleaton, and moved to the West, where he died some years since. Brock, John, a native of Woodstock, Ct, came to this town soon after tbe close ofthe Revolution, and commenced a settlement on the farm owned by John Soule. His wife's name was Hannah Tabor. He served aa mu- aician in the Revolutionary war, and was under the command of General Washington a part of the time. He was in the battle of Monmouth, and several other battles fought durmg the struggle for Independence. A few years after liis settlement here, be removed to the town of Bromley, now Pern, and was the first town clerk of that town. He died at Dorset in 1829, aged 75. Thoy had 10 children: David, m. Philena Albee, and removed to Plattsburg, N. Y. ; Elizabeth, m. Jonathan Hulett of Dorset ; Phebe, m. George GrifiRth ; Lydia, m. Jamea H. Congdon of Wallingford; Alanson T., m. Fan ny Burlingen of Dorset ; Mary, m. Alexander Greon, nnd livea in Ohio; Sarah, m. Daniel Reynolds of Dorset; John S., m. Nancy Bourne, and lives in Dorset ; Calvin R. ; aud Hannah, m. Benjamin Saxton of Dorset. Bruoe, Charles M., from Contoocook, N. H., in 1826, m. Phebe, da. of Asa Smith, and set tled at the Borough in 1842, in the mercantile business. He was also in trade for several years at South Wallingford, and was mail agent 2 years on tbe Western Vermont Railroad. In DANBY. 615 1854 be went into trade again. In 1867, hav ing sold out the stone store to William Pierce, he erected a new, commodioua and elegant mercantile eatabliabment, and was the oldest merchant in town. Mr. Bruce was a fiberal, public spirited citizen, being at tbe time of bis death postmaster, which office he bad occupied for 8 years, and waa also the administrator of several estates. He died in 1869, leaving two children, EUa and George. Bucklin, Rufus, from Pawtucket, Rhode Island, about the year 1800, m. Lucinda Bar rows, and first settled in Wallingford. He was a son of Nathaniel Bucklin, who came from England at an early day. He was a soldier of the Revolution, aud drew a pension. His wife died in 1802, aged 44. He next m. the widow Buckmaster, of Shrewsbury. He died at the Corners, in 1841, aged 84. His children were : Rufus, jr., David, Lucinda, Eleanor, Julia, Charles, Isaac and Alonzo. David m. Paulina Gun, aud moved to Ohio. Eleanor m. Ephraim French, and lived in Montpelier. Julia m. Wil liam S. Locke, who lived in Crown Point, and died in 1825. She waa afterwards twice mar- r'ed. Alonzo m. Lincoln, and lives in Shrewsbury. He ia the father of William Buck lin, who waa a merchant there for many years. Bucklin, Rufus, jr., from Wallingford in 1815, m. Harriet, da. of Philbrook Barrows, and settled at the Borough. He aerved as lieu tenant in the war of 1812, being under Col. Isaac Clark. He kept tavern at tbe Borough many years, and at the Cornera 8 years, and was a justice of the peace 20 years. He waa a man of the strictest integrity of character, am iable and kind. He died in 1853, aged 74. His widow ia atill living, at the age of 83. — Their children were; Alonzo, Albert, Gran ville, Cbariea, Silas, d. in 1 818 ; Lewis ; Harriet, d. in '26 ; and George; Charles, m. Laura Ann, da. of Hiram Congor. He studied law, and was admitted to the Rutland county bar iu 1840. He died in 1842, aged 27. Lewis, m. Ama Remington, and was postmaster at Wal lingford for many yeara. He died in 1857, aged 35. Hia widow succeeded him aa poatmiatreaa, which office ahe still occupies. Bucklin, Albert, m. Sally, da. of Elisha Fish. He served in nearly every town oflBce with ability, and his talent is frequently called into requisition ; has been justice of the peace many years, constable 10 years, in the Legisla ture 3 years, and is at present town clerk and treasurer. Their children are: Silas; David, died some years since ; Harriet, Lucinda, Mary ; George A., killed at Petersburg, Va. ; Susan; and CharloB K. m. Samnntha, da. of Ira Vail. Buffum, Caleb, from Providence, R. I., in 1797; settled at the Borough in the black smithing business. He m. Huldah, da. of El kanah Parris. In 1806 he purchased the trip hammer and shop of Samuel Dow, and contin ued the business for 10 or 12 years. In 1818, he removed to his farm in Mt. Tabor, where he continued to live many years — was a justice of the peace 29 years, and town clerk and select man several years. In '41 he removed back to Danby, and kept tavern several years. He died at Rutland in 1857, aged 76. His wife died in 1866, aged 86. Their children were; Lucy, Sophia, Almira, Paris E., Daniel, Heman M., Huldah ; Amanda, m. Rev. William W. Pierce, and died in 1844, aged 25 ; Caleb, jr. ; Han nah, died iu 1831 ; and Lamed. Bull, Timothy, from Niue Partners, N. Y., in 1767, settled ou tbe farm now owned by Jahn Hilliard, and a little S. W. of tlie resi dence of Ezra Harrington. He was moderator of the first annual town meeting which was held at his house, Maroh 14, 1769, at which meeting the lown was organized. He waa about the first Quaker in towu, and a very wor thy member of that society. He subsequently settled on the east side of the town, near Otter Creek, witb bis son Crispin. He died in 1810, aged 90. His' children were : Michael, Wil liamson, Crispin, and Phebe. Michael aettled a short time on tbe Joseph BuU farm, aud then removed to Peru, N. Y. Williamson m. Jeru sha , and settled where Willard Baker now lives. He tended the grist-mill a short time. He removed to Jay, N. Y. His children were Tamar, Tabiatha aud Nancy. Bull, Crispin, son of Timothy, came from Nine Partners in 1765, some 2 yeara previous to bis father, and commenced a settlemeut near the present homestead of John Hilliard ; was the third settler iu town, and at once took up a leading position. He waa one of the firat board of selectmen, elected iu 1769, and made the first clearing on the east side of the town, about the year '72. He received from the pro prietors 60 acres of land for 60 days' work building roads, and il ia now aome of the best land in town. It ia now owned by hia grand- aon, Clark. He led a long, laborioua aud in- duslrious life , was upright in character, and au estimable and worthy man. He died in 1810, aged 70; his wife, whose name waa Ma ry Carpenter, died in 1833, aged 92. Their family consisted of 5 children : Patience, Tim- 616 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. othy, jr , Hannah, Elijah and Carpenter. Pa tience ra. Joseph Tuttle, and next Eli Bradford. Hannah m. Abner Bump of Wallingford. Tim othy, jr., m. Betsey B.ibcock, and was a resi dent of tbe town somo years ; but finally re moved to Now Huntington, where he died some 20 years since. Bull, Elijah, m. Eunice Bump of Walling ford, and settled on the present homestead of his son Clark. He was a man of integrity, and a magistrate for ¦» number of years ; was a substantial citizen, and an estimable man. He died in 1848, aged 71 ; his wife in 1368, aged 88. They raised a family of 4 children : Al vah, Anna, Crispin and Clark. Anna m. Green Packer of Mt. Holly ; Alvah m. Louisa Packer, and was a resident of the town many years. He was an intelligent man, and highly esteem ed. He removed to Western New York. Bull, Clark, m. Sarahette Packer, and suc ceeded to the homestead. He is a thrifty farm er, and a man of standing and influence ; was in the Legislature in 1865, and has occupied places which attest tbe respect and confidence of his townsmen. They bave 2 children ; Hel en and Charles. Mr. Bull now resides in Wal lingford. Bull, Joseph, son of John, a native of South Kingston, R. I., and an early settler of Wallingford, m. Phebe Bull, and settled where his aon Joseph lived, lie was twice married, bis last wife being the widow of Stephen Nich ols. He died in 1834, aged 81 ; his widow in 1841, aged 79. Their children were : Lydia, m. Joel Mix ; Eacbael, m. Stephen Stafford of Wallingford ; Nehemiah, m. Catherine Sills- bury of Jamaica ; Ruth, m. Joshua Johnson ; Patience, m. Joseph Dyke, and livea in Hunt ington; • Phebe, m. Eliaa Thompson; John; Abigail, m. James Nichols ; Anna, Joseph, jr. and Lucy. Joaeph was blind for over 30 years. He always traveled without a guide, often go ing many miles from home, and will long bo remembered. He was killed by the cars, Jul}' 29, 18(10, while walking upon tho track, on bis way homo from South AVnl lingford. Button. .rusKPii, from Rhode Island in 1785, m. Anna D:ivia, and settled on what has aince boon known ns tbo " Button farm." IIo kept a store there for several years, which was about the first in town, nnd nlao manufactured pot ash. Ho waa one of tho early members of the Quaker society, and waa considered one of the wealthiest men of his day; and, being a man of great force and energy, be contributed much toward building up society. He diod in 1829, aged 80 ; hia wife in 18 — , aged — . Their children were: Charles, Samuel, Joseph, Eze kiel, Seneca, Thomaa, Anson, Anna and Rhoda, only two or three of whom are living. Anson m. Catherine, da. of laaac Vail, and settled on the homestead. He had a brick-yard near the residence of Henry Kelly, and built the first and only brick dwelling-house in town. He was killed in faUing from a load of hay, in 184-5. Burt, Capt. John, was among the eaily set tlers — came before tbe Revolutionary M-ar, and estabhshed himself on what is now the town farm. He has tlie honor of being the first inn-keeper in town. The site of Captain Burt's log-tavern is very near the poor-house, and considerable public business was transact ed here in early times. We are told that many interesting events transpired here during the war, among which was the trial aud " beech- sealing" of John Hart, which wiU be found elsewhere. [See John Hart] Capt. Burt was a man of more than ordinary ability, and took a lively interest in the civU affairs of his town and neighborhood, and was eateemed a valua ble citizen. He served in the Revolutionary war, and was a prominent actor in the stirring scenes of tnose times. By industry and econ omy, be secured a handsome property. His children were John, Alpheus, Susie and Lu cinda, Buxton, John, from Rhode Island in 1790, settled ou the present homestead of Merritt Hulett. He m. Betsey Kelly, who died in 1815, aged 60. He died in 1845, aged 85 ; his children : Timothy, Stephen, Eliphalet ; Ben jamin, drowned in Lake Ontario ; Joseph, died iu 1S6S ; Hannah, m. Daniel Hulett; Lydia, m. Jacob Rush of Pawlet ; Prudence, m. Seba PhiUips; aud Diana. [Jonathan Buxton, a brother of the above named John B., aud wife, are now Uving in Slatersville, R. I., aged 102 and 100, respectively.] Calkins, Capt. Stephen, from Connecticut, was an early settler. He came l>ere in 1768, and first settled whero William Herrick now lives, having purchased the original proprietor's right This was the first settlement north of the Corners, and there were but few families in towu at that time. He took a very active part in organizing the lown ; and he alao took a lively interest in religioua affairs, and was a man of excellent character. He was the flrst selectman elected, and was entrusted from time to time with numerous other responsible duties. He served as captain in the Revolutionary war, DANBY. 617 and was at the siege of Yorktown when the British army surrendered, and was most of the time during his service under the immediate command of General Washington. He was something of a mechanic, and built tbe first grist-mill in town, soon after the close of the war, for which, as tradition says, he received 60 acrea of laud, and the privilege to take 3 quarts of corn to the bushel, for toll, as long as the mil! run. This mill is said to bave been a very rude structure, but answered the purpoae of the aettlera very well. Capt. Calkina was a very kind and amiable man, and greatly belov ed by aU who knew him. Ho died in 1814, aged 83; his wife in 1813, aged 73. His chil dren were ; Richard and Stephen, jr. Rich ard was a man of ability — was constable from 1785 to '93. Canfield, Dennis, a patriot of the Revolu tion, came here quite early, and settled on '¦ Dutch HiU." He served through nearly the whole of the war, and was in several important battles — drew a pension, which was his main dependence in old age. He was a very jovial man, much given to anecdote, but firm in prin ciple — was three times married; his second wife waa the widow Euth McDaniela, and mother of Jamea McDaniela : she dying, he next m. Pol ly Walton, He removed with his family to Holland Purchaae, N. Y., many years since, where he died. Chase, Abraham, from Nine Partners in 1770, m Lydia Allen, and settled near the res idence of Alva Eisdon. He was a well edu cated man for one of that day, aud took a lead ing part in the management of the affairs of the town. He waa a man of uncommon ex cellence of character, and waa entrusted wilh various town offices. He owned and kept the second tavern iu town, in 1774, at wbich town and freemen's meetings were held, and consid erable public buainesa transacted. Il was here that the committees of safety sometimes met, as occasion required, to adopt measures for the defence and welfare of the inhabitants. Their decrees were always regarded as law, and any infraction of them was punished wilh exem plary severity. The application of the " beech seal" was then the common mode of puniali- ment", and whenever the " Yorkera" or their adherenta were found here, the " beech rod" waa applied to their naked backa. A case of thia kind occurred here in the summer of 1774. It appears that a surveyor had been sent here under the authority of New York, and, while drinking flip at the tavern of Mr. Chase, was arrested. The committee of safety soon assem bled, and the charges being read against the prisoner, he acknowledged that he had been sent here to survey land under the title of New York, but pleaded the jurisdiction of that colo ny over the Grants, in justification of his pro ceedings. Notwithstanding this plea, agreea- ably to the sentence, the prisoner was taken from tbe bar of the committee, tied to the whip ping-post, and there on his naked back receiv ed 100 stripes, aud ordered to depart out ofthe district, on tbe penalty of suffering death if he returned. The sentence was carried into exe cution in the presence of a large concourse of people. The man who applied the rod wore a false face, and was supposed to have been Ee member Baker. By gradual purchases, Abraham Chase ac quired some 300 acres of desirable land, and was a successful farmer. At the same time he was a liberal, public spirited man, and contrib uted largely to the general welfare ofthe town. He removed to Plattsburg, N. Y. Chase, Capt. Ephraim, from Fall Eiver, R. I, in 1834, m. Emily Ehodes, and settled here. He was a sea captain for some 15 yeara previ ous to his settling here. He was a deacon of the Baptist church a number of years, and was universaUy esteemed. He kept tavern at the Corners 5 years, and maintained a respectable position in society. In 1851, he removed to CoUins, N. Y., where he died in 1869, aged 71. He was nearly blind for many of the last yeara of hia Ufe. He raised a family of several chil dren ; Mary, Susan, Amelia, Eliza, Lydia, Fran ces, Ephraim, Arnold and Clara. Arnold aerv ed as captain in the Union army, during the late war. Chase, Benjamin, from Fall River, R. I., in 1834, was a brother of Ephraim — m. Mehitabel Wood for his first wife, and she dying, he next m. Hannah Hill, and settled at the Cornera. He waa alao a deacon of the Baptist church, and a man of considerable abiUty, although he did not accumulate property. He removed West about the year 1850. Chittenden, Gov. Thomas, from WiUiston, in the spring of 1776, on account of the exposed situation. of the frontier, with hia family, women and children, came ou foot by marked trees, through Middlebury to Castleton, and from thence to Danby, and procured a farm near the foot of the mountain. We have been unable to learn the exact spot where Gov. Chittenden lived, but it was, as we are told, in the vicinity of the residence of A. 0. Risdon. He reaided 618 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. bore until tbe evacuation of '• Ti.," in July, '77, when ho removed lo Pownal, and soon after to Williamstown, Mass. He alao resided a short time in Arlington, and at the cloao of the war returned to WiUiaton. He waa a member from this town in the convention which met al Windsor in July, 1777, which framed our firat conatitution. Colvin, Luther, from Rhode Island in 17G5, was the fourth aottler in town, and found bis way here by marked trees. His log-cabin waa very rude in structure. There were no win dowa or doors, and but ono room. Luther Col vin, like all tbe other aettlers, brought with him a scanty supply of household articles, and ex perienced much difSculty in procuring the ne cessaries of life while making a settlement here. It was his custom to go to Manchester to mill and back the same day, carrying the grist upon hia back. At one time, when grain was scarce, he carried the last bushel of wheat he possessed, which was to last for aeveral months, or until harvest time came again. He was a very in dustrious, hard working man during his young er days, but became somewhat feeble in after life. 'U'e have been told that he brought the first stove into town, and built the second fram ed house. He became a Quaker, and joined the society ; was a groat hunter and trapper, and many good stories are told of his adven tures while hunting bears and other wild game. He was compelled to pen his sheep every night to keep them from being devoured by wolves. He was a man of considerable ability, and oc cupied a prominent place in society. His wife, Lydia, died in 1814, quite advanced in years. He died in 1829, aged about 90. Their chU dren were : Stephen, Caleb, John, Catherine, Lydia, Esther, Anna and Freelove. Colvin, Caleb, m. Anna Abbot, and settled on the homestead with his father Luther. A few yeara after he waa found dead in the woods, where he had been hunting. It ia supposed that he diod in a fit. He left 3 chil dren : (laleb, who ia deaf and dumb, and lives in Hartford, N. Y. ; Anna nnd Phila. Colvin, John, m Lucy Prink, and settled on tbe farm wilh his father, where L. R. Fisk now lives. Ho diod in a fit in 1.^^25, aged 40. Colvin, Ben..\jaii, son of Stephen, m. Hul dah, a da. of Joseph Irish, and settled where his son Nelson now lives. Sho dying, he next m. Hannah, da. of Gilbert Palmer. He was a fine, sturdy, gallant, honorable man, and pos sessed a rugged constitution, which he fully retained thraugh life. He was a very thrifty farmer, and acquired a good property. He was killed in tho spring of 1867, while fefiing a tree in the woods, at tbe age of 80 — was capa ble of doing a good day's work at this advanc ed age ; aud he retained his mental, as weU as physical ability to the last Colvin, Joel, m. Almira, da. of Elery Sta- pies, and aucceeded to hia homeatead. Hia forte is peraistent, earnest and judiciously di rected industry as a farmer, by wbich he has secured an ample competence. He removed, in 1869, to Ripley, N. Y., where he has lately erected a splendid dwelliug-bouse. Colvin, Anthony, son of Stephen Colvin, m. Luranae, da. of Justus Scott, and lived in different parts of tho town. He was a tanner and currier, and, at the time of his death, was one of tbe oldest Masons in town, and one who bad squared his life by tbe square of virtue. — Job, one of hia sona, m. Hattie Maxwell, and lived in 'R'allingford. He was a member of Co. C, lOtb Regt. Vt. Vols., and was in a num ber of hard fought battles. Mr. Colvin died at Bennington in 1869, aged about 70. Colvin, Capt. Alonzo N., m. Anna, da. of Hiram Congor, who died in 1863, aged 38. In 1849 he went ou a whaling voyage, from New Bedford, M.iss., of 5 years duration. Among tho places be visited during that time were New Holland, Hobartown, New Zealand, Van Dieman's Land, &c. Being a strong, stalwart and courageous man, he was well fitted for tha privations and hazards of a life upon the ocean, and he gained the reputation of a good sailor. He served as captain of Co. K 14th Regt Vt. Vols., and after 51 months service was discharg ed on account of ill health. He was a brave ofBcer ; cool, fearleaa, self-possessed ; alwaya shared in the dangers and hardships to which bis company was exposed, and would never ac cept of better fare than they had. which greatly endeared him to them. He m. for his 2d wife, Sally Stafford of WaUingford, and has settled on the Friend Smith tarm. He has several chil dren, of whom are Ida, Sophroina and Perry T. Colvin, Joshua, was another of the early settlers. He lived near the residence of N. E. Gifford. He waa insane for many years, aud a number of times attempted to commit suicide, lo defeat wbich he was watched very closely. lie finally, unbeknown to any one, procured a razor, with which be cut his throat, but not deep enough to be fatal ; and, after aome time, recovered and became a sane man. He subse quently removed to the West, where he died, and where hia descendants stUl live. DANBY. 619 Congdon, Charles H., from WalUngford, m. Anna, da. of Daniel Smith, and settled on the Deliverance Rogers farm. He was a school teacher many years, aud very successful in that calling; and, although starting in life with Um- ited means, he has acquired a good properly. He has been selectman 4 years, lister 6 years, long a justice of the peace ; and was a mem ber of the Legislature in 1854. He is a goed writer and debater, aud is at present ranked among the iufluential men of the town. Cook, Seth, born in 1745, came here from Rhode Island in 1766, and established himself on what has been since known as the " Cook Farm," south of tho Corners. It waa a very eligible location, and a moat desirable tract of land. He at once took up a leading position in the town, whieh then numbered but 7 fami Ues : was one of the first board of selectmen elected in 1769 ; and the records show him to have been a man of more than ordinary ability. Personally he was a worthy man, although it has been said he was somewhat tinged with the royal cause. Thia opinion waa doubtless formed from the foUowing circum- atance : Gen. Burgoyne, while encamped at ¦Wliiteball, in July, 1777, issued a proclamation designed to spread terror among tbe Americans, and persuade them to come and humble them selves before him, and through him supplicate the mercy ofthe king. The number and feroc ity of the Indians, their eagerness to be let loose upon tbe defenceless settlements, the greatness of the British power, and the utter inability of the rebellious colonies to resist it, were all sel forth. His gracious protection was promised to all those who would join his stand ard, or remain quietly at their homes : but ut ter destruciion waa denounced upon all auch aa should dare to oppose him. In considera tion of this some of the inhabitants here held a meeting, and hastily decided to send two delegates to the British camp, and procure pro tection papers. Seth Cook was appointed as one of these delegates, and very unwisely went on the journey. On considering this unwise policy, and fearing that the settlers might mis apprehend his motives, and consider him an enemy and a mark, he concluded not to re turn. He then went to Canada, where he re- , mained during the war, and returned ahortly after ita close. From thia, and the fact that he did not take up arma against the colonies, re moves all suapioion of hia being a Royaliat He waa at heart a true man to the American cause, beyond reproach ; but being of a peace able dispositior*, very haatily accepted tho con ditions of Burgoyne'a proclamation, as did ma ny other quiet and unassuming men. He lived here until his death in 1801, aged 57. His wife died in 1819, aged 74. They raised a family of 5 children : Mary, born in 1768, and ia aaid to have been the flrst female child born in town ; Rebecca, Setb, Richard ; Eunice, m. James Nichols. Seth, jr., m. Patty, wid ow of Asa Frost of Mt. Holly, and a daughter of Justus Scott, and aucceeded to tbe home stead of hia father. The old house ia atill stand ing, and was one of the flrst frame-houses built in town. He died very suddenly, whUe at work in the field, in 1838, aged 64 ; his wid ow in 1861, aged 76. Their children were: Justus, Alonzo N., Seth and Mary Ann. Richard, son of Seth Cook, Sen., m. Anna, da. of Luther Colvin, and settled on the place owned by J. C. WiUiams. He built a aaw-mill iu 1810, wbich he run for several years. He subsequently became a Quaker preacher, and removed to Granville, N. Y., where he died in 1866. Cook, Hon. Morris H., born in Chester, Nov. 6, 1816, came lo Dauby in 1845. He studied the profession of law with Oramel Hutchin son, Esq., of Chester, and commenced prac tice in 1840 ; was admitted to the bar of Wind sor County Court in 1844, and to tbe Supreme Court of Rutland County in 1847. He was elected assistant judge of the County Court in 1858, and again in '59. He is a self-educated man, his early education having been that of tbe common school only. His opportunities for professional studies were limited ; but hav ing applied himself diligently, he soon reached the standard of legal acquirementa wbich en abled bim to take rank with the leading law- yera of the State. He has been nearly 25 years in the active practice of his profession in this town. He served as a aoldier during the late war in the 7th Regt. Vt. Vola., having left a lucrative practice to serve hia country. He married Eliza, da. of Moses W. Hutchinson of Andover, and has 2 children. Crandall, Jonathan, from New York, waa an early settler here ; was a soldier of the Revolution, and received a pension, having served through nearly the whole of the war. He m. Cynthia Waters, and raised a family of 8 children: Worthy, Russell, Nathan, Jona than, Cynthia, died in Pennsylvania ; Lyman, Alanson and Jefferaon. They both died at au advanced age. Ceowley, Rev. Haevey, born in Mt. Hoi- 620 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. ley in 1805, came here in 1815. He was a school teacher by profession, and followed that vocalion a number of yeara. He m. Charily, da. bf Isaac Vail, and joined the Baptist church. In 1837, he built and run a saw-mill near the Israel Sheldon place, where he then lived. He subsequently, having studied divinity, was ordained and preached here some 2 years. He possessed good abilities, and high aspirations for excel lence and professional usefulness. Mr. Crowley removed lo Eochester, N. Y., where he died in 1863, aged 58. Dexter, Jonathan C, born at Jay, N. Y., in 1810, studied law wilh Hon. A. L. Brown, of Rutland, m. Helen Burt, of that place and came to Danby in 1831, and set tled al the Corners as an allorney. He re mained here about 5 years, when he removed back to Eutland. In February, 1849, in company with several others, he went to California, where he remained until the sub sequent November, when he started for home. He died on board the Steamer Chero kee, and waa buried al Kingaton, on the Island of Jamaica. He was a well-read lawyer ; in hia general deportment courteous, manly and honorable. Being prompt, ener getic and unremitting in his efforts for bis clients, he soon attained a good reputation and an extensive practice. He left home for California with the highest anticipations of success, and with the best wishes of his friends ; and the announcement of his death brought a pang of sorrow to the hearts of many. The widow of Mr. Dexter has since been twice married ; first to Gen. Hall, of Wal lingford, who died a few years since, and next to Hosea Eddy, of Wallingford, with whom she now lives. Earl, Joseph, from Nine Partners, in 1765, waa the second settler in town. He lived not far from the residence of John Hil liard, and seems to have been a man of abil ity aud served the town in virrious ways, but was not long n resident here. He left during the Revolutionary war, and we are not informed to what place he emigrated. Eastman, Eev. Hezekiah, was the firat settled minister, and the firat pastor of the Baptist church. He was ordained Oct. 11, 1781, at the house of Stephen Calkins. Being the first settled minister of the Gospel, he received the benefit of one share of land, re served by the charter for that purpose. Mr. Eastman was one of the first Baptist minis ters that visited this Stale. Although his education did uot extend beyond the rudi ments of a common English education, yet hi* ministry was well adapted to his people. He was a person of great natural ability, a close student of tho Bible, and a careful ob server of men and things. Having had a thorough physical training, he was prepared to endure great hardships, and encounter formidable obstacles. He was a man of ex perience, intimately acquainted wilh the Bible, and very zealous. He supplied the Baptist church at Middletown from 1784 until 1790, and " seema to have administered there al communion seasons, and performed the rites of baptism." Some good anecdotes are told of him. While preaching at a certain house, one Dea con Mott came in at the front door, at a very late hour, causing a slight disturbance among the hearers. Mr. Eastman, being somewhat disturbed also, remarked that those coming in at the " eleventh hour" should enter in at the back door, which would cause less disturbance. Deacon Moll replied " that the Bible taught that those who came in at tbe eleventh hour are just as good aa those who come in at the first, and tbat ha had come the ' straight and narrow way,' and whoso enterelb in at any other way was a thief and a robber.'' Mr. Eastman met appointments in other towns, and was oblig ed to travel many miles, often on foot, and sometimes on horseback, over bad roads, and through the wilderness, to meet these ap pointments. His meetings were held iu log-buildings, and the audience w.ts generally quite large. He remained here until about the year 1300. Eaton, Dr. Gardner, a native of Ludlow, Vt , and son of William E.iton, came from Wallingford in 1366 and settled near Scotts ville. He w,as born in 1809. He attended a medical school at Worcester, Mass. Hia inclinations from early manhood led lo med icine, and at the age of 23, he commenced the practice of hia profession, which he has made a life-study. Before he settled here he had, for many yeais, an extensive practice throughout Eutland and Windham counties, and although having wished to decrease his practice somewhat, and many times refusing to attend cases, such is the confidence in hia DANBY. 621 skill and ability he is often sent for from a disiance. He also is sometimes called upon to counsel in law matters. He m. Ciiroline Wait, and has two children : Lucinda and Louisa both married and living in Mass. Edmunds, Obadiah, from Ehode Island, settled in 1778, m. Sarah Williams. He was a soldier of the Eevolution, and remark ably filled to smooth the asperities in the settlement of a new country, being a man of uprightness, sound judgment, and of peace able disposition. He died in 1809, hia wife in 1834. Their children were Sarah, Eeuben, Obadiah and Ira. Sarah died in the State of New York, aged 78, and Eeuben in Michi gan, aged 89. Edmunds, Ira, m. Lydia, da. of Gilbert Palmer, and settled where he now lives, in 1804. He has been an active, thrifty, in dustrious farmer and no man has ever filled more pu'olic stations. Selectman 10 years; lister 4; a magistrate 14; and a representative 4 ; and many times administrator on the es tates of the deceased. He has lived upon the homestead 65 years, having through thia long period led a laborious life, and ia now, at the age of 77, quietly living out the eve ning of his days respected by all. His wife died in 1866, aged 76. Tbeir children : Oba diah, Daniel, Mary, Euth, David, Ira jr., Sophia, Henry, Galelt, Merritt and John. Merritt m. Leona White, of Mt Holly, an^ is a practicing physician. He resides in Weston Vt, and is successful in hia profea aion ; he waa a graduate of the Castleton Medical College. Eddy, Jacob, (by Hon. D. E. Nicholson). Jacob Eddy was an early settler on the farm now owned by Joseph N. Phillips, and was town clerk several years. He taught a select school during the time, expreaaly for training young men for the vocation of teaching. Mr. Eddy was a quiet, unoblru- aive Quaker gentleman, wlio once being ordered in the high Court of the Stale, by a sheriff in uniform, to uncover his head, be stowed upon said upstart ofiicer a look of scorn, and appealed to the Hon. court with triumphant success for the right to the free exercise of his conscience. He would not uncover his head to a mortal man, but stood reverently chastened in presence of the Omniscient God. His wife's maiden name was Sprague. They emigrated to Hamburg, N. Y., at an early day, wilh most of tha family, where they lived and died. Their children were Hoaea, David and John, Bar- sheba, Ann, Lydia, Sarah and Mary, of whom Ann and Mary still survive. David became eminent in Weatern New York and was judge ofthe court at Buffalo. His son, David, re sides in Cleveland, and is in trade, a vigorous writer and debater. Mary married a Thorns and her children are scatlered through the West, Abram, being a lav?yer of good stand ing, in Erie county, of which county he was for some years surrogate. Ann married a Griffin ; one son is a distinguished physician in Philadelphia, having been a professor in .i. medical college in that city, and is one of her staunch men, and a leader from the flrst in the great anti-slavery revolution which has been so marked in that city. Sarah married Spencer Nicholson : they lived and raised their family in this county. He was long a deacon of the Baptist church of whioh they were both useful and esteemed members many years and until their death. Of their children, Orpha, as a teacher through the period of young ladyhood, married a man by the name of Eudd who too was as sociate deacon with tbe father of his wife. They loo are dead. Arnold W., a pros perous citizen of Wallingford. Russel, a fine promise of a man, was destroyed by most shocking cramp convulsive fits, and died worn out wilh that disease. Hiram, the favorite of all, and the best mathematician in the Slate, was suddenly drowned, just as he waa within grasp of prominence. Julius became a preacher , of the Church of the Disciples, aud in the midst of his usefulness died of au acute attack in 1804. The remaining two, David E. and Anson A., are still residing iu Rutland with their respect ive familiea, and are attorneya by profession. Eddy, Benjamin F., a mechanic born in Jamaica, Vt, came from Ludlow in 1862 and settled at the Borough. He is also a music-teacher and has taught a school here nearly every year of his residence among us, being considered one of the best teachers in the State. He is also leader of the Danby Cornet Band, formed mainly through his in strumentality. Few men have contributed more towards building up and sustaining choir-singing iu our churches. He also holds a high poaition in the Masonic Fraternity. He now resides in Mt Tabor, and is justice of the peace. He has been twice married. 622 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Eoqleston, Andrus, born in Stonington, Ct, Nov. 5, 1785, came to Shaft- 19 8 11 19 427 22 1.21 1859 30 18 12 15 11 4 11 6 3 2 10 5 5 10 25(i 52 65 1860 47 O'l 21 3.^. 6 6 8 6 2 21 11 10 21 645 32 1.70 1861 1!) Io 8 1 15 3 1 7 7 15 4 u 12 479 34 1.1 '5 ]S(i2 30 13 17 20 10 11 10 O 2 17 6 11 15 406 27 1 19 ISCS MU 14 18 24 5 3 10 8 o 23 12 11 23 924 40 1.62 18(il 21 8 13 16 3 O 3 O 1 35 21 13 33 669 20 2.46 1865 31 IH 16 26 8 14 y 3 o 27 11 16 27 62.T 33 1,90 ISliO 31 21 13 22 9 3 26 17 1 8 29 19 10 29 985 33 2 04 18ii7 28 11 17 IS 8 2 3 5 1 17 8 9 17 548 3^ 1 19 1868 22 12 10 16 4 2 14 13 1 13 4 9 13 304 33 91 l.-ili'J 3.^. 17 18 16 9 8 14 13 1 12 7 5 12 401 30 1 f!2 1870 rio 21 14 18 10 7 16 16 IS 6 11 10 430 35 1.12 DANBY. 6G7 PEODUCTIOIilS OF AGEICULTURE. No. of farms producing to the amount of $500, 130 Ko. acres of improved land, 15,027 " " " unimproved " 8,408 Present cash value of farms, $ 678.700 Average price per acre, $ 28,90 Value of farming implements and ma chinery, $32,770 Total amt. wages paid during the year, including board. $ 24, 370 LIVE STOCK ENDING JU^^E 1, 1870, Horses, 268 ; milch -cows, 1617; working oxen, 52 ; other cattle, 714 ; sheep, 924 ; swine, 236 ; value of all live stock, $130,385. PEODUCE, FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 1, 1870. No. hushels wheat, 1018 ; rye, 100 ; In dian corn, 14,150; oats, 16,219; barley, 10; buckwheat, 1,934. No. lbs. wool, 4,492 ; No. bush, peas and beans, 197 ; potatoes, 32,000 ; value of orchard products, $5533 ; produce of market gardens, $1395 ; No. lbs. butter, 35,250 ; cheese, 437 ; tons of hay, 6,268 ; bush, grass seed, 175 ; No. lbs. maple sugar, 53,395; gall, molasses, 1,191; lbs. honey, 1100; value of forest products, $11,481 ; val ue of animals slaughtered or sold for slaugh ter, $21,225; value of home manufactures, $525 ; estimated value of all farm produc tions $243,950. A BAKGAIN. BT SARAH A. BOYCE.* "Going! going! going! Who bida for the mother's care ? Who bids for the blue eyed girl ? Her akin is fair, and her soft brown hair Ib guiltless of a curl I" The mother clasped her babe With an arm that love made strong ; She heaved a sigh, but her burning oye Told of the spirit's wrong. She gazed on the heartless crowd, But no pitying glance she saw. For the crushing woe her soul must know, Was sanctioned by the law. "Going! gentlemen I going! The child is worth your bids ; Here's a bargain to be gained, — This chubby thing will one day bring A pile of yellow gold." *' A dollar a pound!" cries a voice Hoarsely from out the throng ; " T*o ! three ! five" it calls and the hammer falla ; " Five dollars, gentlemen, gone !" • Now the wife of Mr. J. B. Nicholfi. Five dollars a pound ! and his hand, Just stretched to grasp the child, la smitten aside by the giant might Of the maniac mother, wild. One moment, and the loaded whip Is poised above her head, Then down, down, it cau.e on her helpless frame, Like a crushing weight of load, With a tightening grasp on her knidnapped child, Sho falls to the cold, damp ground ; And the baby is laid on the scales and weighed, And sold for five dollars per pound. And the eye ofthe sun looks down tJndimned on such scenes of ain ; And the freemen's tongue must be chained and dumb. Though his spirit burns wilhin. 0 God ! for a million Tongues To thunder Freedom's name. And to utter a cry which should pierce the sky. The indignant cry of shame! Our eagle's talons are red With the reeking blood ofthe slave, And he kindly flings hia protecting wingS O'er the site of Freedom's gravel How long, 0 Lord ! how long ! Awake in thy mercy and might, And hasten tbe day which shall open the way Of Truth, and Justice and Ilight. LAMENT FOR DR. E. K. KANE. Who died a* Havana, February 16, 1857. by sarah a. boyce. Wail ! for the mighty is fallen ! Mourn ! for our lo\ ed one sleeps I The pride of our nation in death lies low, And the flower of our nation weeps ! The man who knew not fear Has bowed to the foe at last. And the hero brave of Northern Seas In death is frozen fafit. Let the anguished wail ring out. Our mountains and rocks among, And the blackened cloud of woe be found Where the morning sunbeams hung ! Mother! thou'st shed not thy tears alone ! A nation weeps for thy death cold son ! Father 1 mingling its tears with thino A wide woi^d bows at thy lost son's shrine I There is no beauty, nor glory, nor grace ; There is no certain abiding place. Since ho could die, W^hjle his sun shone high, While the blast ofthe silver trumpet of fame Like music over his spirit came, And the woi-shiping love of a nation's heart Was freely poured to him ; But the Btdr of his glory that flamed in pride In death is clouded and dim. Gone I gone! gone ! We shall never see him more, Nevermore! Nevermore I Hia work is done? His good brig ifl moored at last, Sails are furled and cabled fast. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. And through agea long and chill The same ice ahall shroud it still, In its narrow homo? But tho captain is not there! Boundless flelds of knowledge fair Now are all his own ! And the simple parncHt prayor Itroathod in suff'eriiig and caro. " Itoatoro us to our home." God in morey bowed to liear. And bonoatb tho sable bk-r Kt'fits tho wearied one I Tho strong men of tho sea. Whose hearts are true and bold, Mourn that their loved and honured chief Liea in his cartli-bod cold; And Hans in hia distant Etah home, Will weop in the arms of hia bride When he knows that the naleyak he loved Has laid him down and died. Rest in thy slumber sweet ! The laurel is on thy brow! And the tears of a wide world's bleeding heart Are poured around tbee nowl Thou knowest it not; in thy Father's arms There is rest and peace for thee, Where the weary soul "remembereth not The moaning of the sea I" HENRY H. TAUGHAN. Who was killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. BY MRS. S. A. NIOHOLS. Where the hilside slopes to the aouthern sun, And a rambling orchard buds and blows, A lone grave sleeps in the waving grass, Or hides 'neath the deep New England snows. Long yeara ago, in his quiet rest. They laid a husband and father there, Tbe burden of life, waa a weary load Too great for his feeble strength to bear. And the young wife sat in her stricken homo. With her fair haired boy upon her kneo, 'Numbed with a sorrow, too deep for words. Alone in hor fearful agony. Through days and nights she wrestled and strove. Boating the tido of anguish back, That hor hand might bo strong to guide hor son Wisely and well, on life's devious track. • And at last in his nianhood'a glorious strength lie stood ; the light of hor widowed homo: And aski'd her to lay nn hor comitry's slirlno, Tho pricoloHs gem sho had thought hor own. Unrlor tho Bliiniinoring light of tho moon, Tho grave in tho on-liurd, poacoful lay, And bor tried, true honrt darod only to ask, " If his futhor was living what would ho say," Well sho knew, that tho loyal man, Would give hia treasure, his life, hia son. To aid tho porillod oauso ofthe right, And sho must do m ho would have done. So sho laid, for a timo hor terror aside, And bleat her boy with tearless oyo, And sent him out from his love-crowned home, In the smoke ofthe battle-field to die. Then she turned to her household cares, Doing the duty that nearest lay, Patiently bearing the burden of life, And not forgetting to pray. Aye, pray ; thou has need, for thy fair-haired sou Sleeps at Gettysburg, gory and dim, His blue eyes glassy, his fair hair torn I Pray for thyself, mother, not for him. SONG TO THE EMIGRANT. BY MRS. H. M. CRAPO. From the Emerald Isle they croas the sea. To our land thev come, the home ofthe free. And their hearts oppressed by want and care. Grow light again when they breathe our air. A mighty band they will soon become. They're hasfning on, the old and the young; The Emigrant coiues from a foreign shore. The high, the low, the rich and the poor. To the home of the free they hasten on ; Our fields are broad aud wave with corn, Emigrant haste to the Western plain, Build thee a cabin and sow the grain, And thy fields shall teem with golden grain Haste thee, emigrant, over the plain ; Independent as the lord who gave The right to toil, to be his slave. Shalt thou be there, in thy cabin homo, When thy fields are gtoAued, thy harvest done ? Then baste thee omigr.tnt on to weal From tbo land that crushed theo with iron-heel. Our fiolds are broad, we welcome thee, None shall ask thee to bow thy knee. Or doff thy hat when they pass thee by, All are equal, none are high. Then haste thee emigrant over the plain, Build theo a cabin and sow thy grain, And there beneath thy tree and vine, Sit thee down in life's decline. THE WANDERER'S LAST SONG. BT MRS. a. m. CRAPO. Greon are the hills of my home in Vermont, Moss-grown tho mnf of my father's low cot, Swoot aro the roses that bloom near ita door, Tho song of tbe blue-bird tbat fiits o'er the moor. The horae of my childhood I ne'er shall see more, There kindred await mo — in vain I deplore, That fate that haa left rae to die here alono, Par away from my lovod ones, — my own cherished homo. In the land of the stranger— kind friends will weep, For ono who is sleeping far o'or the blue deep ; Oh, why did I leave them, in a strange land to roam ? A shadow will darken their onco happy home. DANBY. 669 My mother is waiting beside the bright hearth, In the cot on the hill side — my father comes forth From his fields that are waving witb bright golden grain, But never, 0 never shall I greet them again. Green are the hills of my home in Termont, Moss-grown the roof of my father's low cot, Sweet are the roses that bloom near the door, Ofthe cot on the hill-side I ne're shall see more. THE QUAKER GIRL. BY MRS. H. M. CRAPO. She is both good and sensible, No modern belle is she. She scorneth affectation, And that right heartily. She does not change her manner, When gentlemen aro by. She does not blush and simper, And downward cast her eye. She wears no gaudy colors, Her dress is plain and neat She wears no trails nor flounces To sweep and dust the street. Says " thee," and '* thou" so sweetly, I know you all would love her. If you could know Ruth Halliday, The Quaker's only daughter. NOT YET. BY CHAS. H. CONGDON. At fifteen I was anxious very. That time should waft me o'er the ferry. To manhood's golden gifted power. So anxious and uneasy I, My patience it did sorely try. Some spirit whispered in that hour, Not yet ! At twenty, could not make it seem. That I knew less, than at fifteen, — And so I strove and jogged along, But then there comes with length'ning years, Which at fifteen excites no fears. That spirit speaks in accents strong, Not yet I At twenty-flve, we are not cured Of what at fifteen we endured, In almost hoppless misery. Begin to dream of something wrong. But days and weeks still speed along In slow succession they pass by! Not yet ! At thirty we would fain look back. Upon the well known beateu track, And wish t'were straighter, better trod, Bnt business now our thoughts engage, For what may stare us in old age. And I a begging way might plod. Not yet I But thirty-five soon hastens on. Now yoars come- but soon are gone, Aa gone so many have before Yet scarce we heed how swift thoy pass, UntU we're booked as old at last, That spint whispers as of yore, Not yet ! Ah ! forty did you say— in truth I feel as young as in my youth ; You say I'm getting— yes I'm old— But then, three score and ten long years, 'Allotted is to man, — who fears When only forty has been told, Not yet ! Theu since I'm writing up my time. Nay putting it in uncouth rhyme, Why shouM I need a gentle hint That at forty-five tho scales may turn, As less'ning firoa more dimly burn. Now must I think my powers to stint ? Not yet I To day I'm fifty I declare 1 My face is wrinkled, gray my hair ! At fifteen — thirty— did not dream, But life would pass without a ripple, Now I'm rheumatic, almost a cripple. Is life a burdeu as it seems ? Not yet ! Not yet I Danby, Oct. 6th, 1870. ON THE DEATH OF DR. JOHN FOX. Who died June 17th, 1853. BY A. a. DAKER. Lo on the silent breeze is borne, A tale of grief and dread, An honored one has just passed on, Is numbered with the dead. Those friends who hold hini all so dear, May well in anguish mourn. That cherished one to them so dear, Has passed away and gone. Yet not alone to grief will bend. Those of his kindred clan, The healing art has lost a friend, Tho world an honored man. Amid the scenes of pain and death, A useful life he led. He soothed the weak and feeble breath, And smoothed the dying bed. Now long will suffering mortals wait. For his return again, He's passed beyond the royal gate. They'll wait for him in vain. (Written June 18th, 1853.) MY MOUNTAIN HOME. BY A. D. BAKER. I love my home, though other lands May boast of fairer fields, 670 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. I love my home though India's stranda The fragrant spices yield ; My mountain home is dearer still, Though mid the Torest trees ; For swootly flows the dancing rill, And healthful is the breeze. Lot others praise tho beauties of Tlie smiling far off Wijst, I'm not ashamed to own I love My native land the best ; Fit fairer suns havo never shone, Oil any land or clime, TJiiiu shines above my own dear home. This mountain homo of mine. Tho broezo is puro, the sky serene. The woodlands fair to view, Tho summer robes the fields in green. The people all are true. And o'en tlm rude blast's chilling wind, Is music sweet to me; I love its snow-clad hills and dales, Its bleak winds whistling free. TIIE CHRYSALIS. BY CHAS. H, CONOnON. ^hen I attempt a search, throughout Creation's vast domain. Things curious, wonderfully wrought, Fill up this being's chain. The other morn, though winter's claim Its zenith scarce had pa.^sed, A chrysalis that long had laid, Unconscious ofthe piercing blast. Was wakened from its torpid dreams. By balmy breezes' gentle power. And from its self-made prison beams. The golden light, the blissful shower. And forth it came the joy of all. Itself was joj'ous too. It came at nature's earnest call, Of nature's wealth to woo. CATHOLIC CHURCH. BT BISFIOP DE GOESBRIAND. The first missionary who paid regular vis its to the Catholics who lived about this place was Rev. J. Daly. Since tho jem- ]Sri4 they have been attended at different intervals liy the priests who resided at East Rutland, Ri'imington or Ea^t Dorset. Eev. Thomas (lalTnoy of East Dorset has now charge of the mission, where there are about 30 fam ilies. Up to thia time (1S72,) they had no place of worsliip. Last year they purchased the building which had been built and was once used for a Bank, and it having been tastefully repaired, is now used by them as a church. EEMINISCESOES OF MES. EUNICE BULL, WIDOW OF ELIJAH BULL OF DANBY — MAE. 1, 1864. [Taken from her lips by our hand. The excellent old lady was remarkable for her intelligence and mental ability. — Ed.] " My maiden name was Bump. My fath er was Edward Bump, 2d, called Capt. Bump. When I asked him why he was called Cap tain, he answered " I was captain of the cripple company." I think, he had a com mission under King George. He was bound to a farmer till 14 years of age. He and my mother both came from Connecticut. My mother's maiden name was Jerusha Wheat, and her mother's family name was Gale. My mother had a brother killed in building Norwich bridge, Connecticut, where tha great railroad disaster, a few years since oc curred. She was left an orphan when but 7 years cf age. Her husband was also an orphan. They were married at Dr. Payne's in Canaan, Ct., with whose family my mother lived. My parents were married in January — and soon after their marriage, the same month, settled in Wallingford Vt — rising of 90 years since. Three children were born to them in Wallingford before myself, now aged 84. (July 27, 1863.) Their children were : Lael, Edward, Maria, (Mrs. Perry Wells of Wallingford ; deceased) Eunice (my self) Jerusha (married Abijah Nelson ; set^ tied in New York State ; deceased.) Bela (died young) Ain, Abner (now living iu West Springfield, Pa., — Ain in Wisconsin or a Western State — Leal and Edward also live at the West. Eunice, (myself) married Elijah son of Crispin, son of Timothy Bull. Timothjf Bull of Rhode Island married Patience Page of the same State. They first settled in Clarendon, Vt. . afterward they lived and died in Danby. Timothy lived to the age of 07. Patience, his wife, was for mauy years a dootress or midwife. While they lived in Clarendon an English soldier came to them one night who was sick and begged for medicine and to stay over night. For humanity's sake he was taken in and a bed made for him on the floor of the cabin and Mrs. Bull made him an herb tea. About light, they knew ha was there, but when thoy had risen in the morning, he was gone, but they knew not where. The whigs who had got track of his having been there, came to question Mr. and Mrs. Bull. They could DANBY. 671 not elicit anything satisfactory, and went so far as to hang the old man twice at his own door till almost dead. His wife, not allowed to speak a word, stood by and witnessed the barbarity. Timothy and Patience BuU had children ; Page who die 1 iu Connecticut and left two children ; Crispian, Michael, William son and Phcebe — Michael went to Canada and Williamson to Maria, N. Y., where he died. Phoebe married John Bull a cousin and died leaving four or five children, and a pair of twins buried with her. They he buried on a knoll above Isaac Nichols's. Crispiaa, born in Rhode Island, married Mary Carpenter of the same State. They had three children when they came to Danby." [For additional biography of the Bulls of Danby see history by Mr. J. C. Williams. —Ed.] " Crispian first purchased in Danby 60 acres for 60 days work upon the road which was then being built around Dorset pond. We lived in Huntington about 1803. In Hinesburgh, a Mr. Bostwick, I think put up a carding-machine. Gov. Chittenden then lived in a neighboring town (Williston.) Mrs. Chittenden had never seen a carding machine. So one day she took a load of wool on to her horse behind and started off for Hinesburgh. John Thomas, a soldier in tlie British army who remained after the declaration of peace, who had been out to Hinesburgh that day, came home and told ne about the carding-machine, and that the Governor's lady had been out to see the wonder and gone all over the building and examined the machinery and had her wool carded and returned home with her rolls behind her the same night. So I thought I would go out aud see the carding- machine and get my rolla carded. But I v/ent with my husband. I had not as much courage as Mrs. Chittenden to go alone. When I arrived at Hinesburgh, a protracted meeting was being held among the Con gregationalists, by a Mr. Hovey, I think from Waterbury, and eight or ten other ministers were there. It rained in the fore noon and the meeting was held in three houses. It cleared up in the afternoon and the people all came together around Mr. Bostwick's, aud held their meeting. I saw the new carding-machine but so much was going on I did not get my rolls that night to carry home with me as Mrs. Chittenden did.' " How have the homespun days departed," continued the venerable old lady, " in which an honored governor's wife could take her wool on horseback and start off to a distant town without serv.ant or company and bring her rolls back at night to the admiration of all the neighboring women of the country." Mrs. Bull also says that the house for worship in town was a Baptist log meeting house, with desk and seats of rough boards. ANECDOTES OF WING ROGERS. BX MARIAH H. TUPPER, CHARLOTTE — FROM THE " TERMONT RECORD." " One day he came in from the field, and ordered his wife to bring him a pitcher of water from the spring. She went cheerfully and readily, and brought the water. He re ceived it from her hand, and looking into the vessel, declined to drink, on the plea that there was a straw in it, and pouring it out ordered her to bring another. She did so, and thiS time took care to ascertain that it was perfectly pure and irreproachable. Without drinking, he poured it out and or dered her to go the third time. She did so, and returned : and when at a convenient distance she dashed the whole contents over his person. He spluttered and gasped at the suddenness of the cold bath ; and when suf ficiently recovered, he looked up at the calm, quirt countenance be.side him and spoke out, "There, that's done like a sensible woman! If Becky had done that years ago, she would have made a good husband of me." The couple lived in a tolerable degree of comfort and harmony to the end of their union, she adapting her " treatment," as the doctors say, " to the exigencies of the case." Rogers employed a man to assist him in logging. The hired man drove the team while Wing was busy with a lever rolling logs, and sometimes got in the way of the team. The man would stop to allow his em ployer a chance to save himself. This did not please Wing, it was a waste of time : so he ordered him to drive on and he would take care of himself. He obeyed, and hefore long the old Quaker found himself flat on the ground with a log rolling over him. The consequence was a broken leg and three months on his back ; but said the sufferer, "Gideon, thee wasn't to blame; thee did just as I told thee." Rogers's fourth wife proved herself his equal, and paid him in his own coin. One day he went out, turned the cows into tha meadow, and returning, addressed his wife, "My dear, the cows aro all in the meadow ; I want thee should go and drive them out.'' She started at once like a dutiful wife, and opening the bars between the meadow and the cornfield, hurried the cows through, and ' then returned, saying, " My dear, the cows 672 VERMONT HISTORICAL- MAGAZINE. are in the cornfield; I want thee should drive them out." This was too much for Wing's acquisitiveness and he drove them back to the pasture at once. Wing's wife bought a cheap set of dishes, which were set out on the table when he came in. He knew they did not cost much and thought it necessary to teach his better half not to make purchases without his knowledge or consent, so he deliberately kicked them over. She said nothing, but quietly cleared away the broken crockery and next day brought home a more expen sive set, which she spread on the table as before. These were smashed also. His wife cleared away the fragments without a frown, and next day brought home a costly set of china and the third time set thern on the table. Her husband surveyed them with a troubled countenance, and mutter ing," It won't do ; they cost too much," he went to the merchant and forbade him trust ing his wife. He had hardly got home again when a writ was served on him, and he was obliged to fork over the money for the three sets of dishes." FAIR HAVEN. BY A. H. ADAMS. [ This history is compiled from a volume, 12mo., 516 pp., published by A. N. Adams] and printed by Tuttle & Co. of Rutland, in 1870, and sent to us in the sheets, to take what part of it we might desire for our work ¦ — and we have taken, therefore, everything we regard nol only as of any general interest for the State and County, but, also, of any particular interest to the town itself. — Ed.] This town, comprising originally within its limits what is now West Haven aud Fair Haven, was in the time of the Revolutionary War, an unsettled tract lying along Poultney river and East Bay on the east side of Lake Champlain, which, in connection with Ben son on the north, had been cut off and left south of Orwell and between tlie towns of Hubbardton, Castleton and Poultney on the east, and the Lake on the west, when those towns ware incorporated by the government of New Hampshire in 1761. A part of tho territory was covered by Col. Philip Skeene's second grant, aud was all in cluded in the New York county of Charlotte, of which Skeenesborough was the county seat. The inhabitants of the N. H. Grants divid ed their new State into two counties, Cum berland and Bennington.* • See Honnlngton, Caledonia, and Chittenden Coun ty chapters, Tol. I.; also Franklin and Orange County chapters, Vol. il. of this work.— JSd. ' Fair Haven — from what cause called by this name we are unable to say — was thus brought within the bounds of Bennington county. Oct 27, 1779, in the second year of the State, the Gen. Assembly, convened at Man chester, granted petitions for acts of incorpo ration for the two towns of Fair Haven and Benson. The charter of Fair Haven was granted at Manchester, Oct. 27, 1779. The grant was made in consideration of £6930 and signed, at Arlington, by Governor Thomas Chitten den, Apr. 26, 1782. The grantees were: Ebenezer Allen, Isaac Clark, Samuel Her rick, George Foot, Jesse Belknap, John Grant, Oliver Cleveland, John Smith, Gilbert Mallery, Aaron Adams, James Brookins, Elisha Hamilton, Wm. Seymour, Daniel Owen, Stephen Pearl, John How, Benjamin Cutler, Diirrick Garner, Isaac Knapp, Ira Al len, Elisha Baker, Nathaniel Smith, Joseph Averist, Lemuel Robberts, Jonas Galusha, Zadoc Averist, Noah Allen, Matthew Lvon, Ebenezer Frisbe, Lemuel Payne, Joseph Haven, Wm. Williams, Ezra Allen, Ralph Watson, Stephen Mead, Stephen Fay, Johu Payne, jr., Nathan Allen, Stephen Rice, Asa Joiner, Samuel Allen, Jacob Ruback, Philip Priest, John Fassett, jr., Nathau Clark, Eleazer Dudley, Elisha Ashley, Stephen R. Bradley, Jesse Sawyer, Wm. Ashley, Ohver Sanford, Asa Dudley, Solomon Wilder, Israel Trowbridge, Elisha Clark, Elijah Galusha, Wm. Stewart, Cephas Smith, Samuel Josiah Grant, Andrew Garner, Robert Clark, Thomaa Chittenden, Solomon Lathrop, Hope La throp, Thomas Ashley, Benjamin Richardson, Jonathan Brooks, Thomas Taylor, David Wheeler, Giles Pettibone, Noah Smith, John Hamilton, Samuel Kent, Israel Smith, Eliza beth Chittenden, Benjamin Everst. Among the original grantees, or proprie tors, are the names of Col. Matthew Lyon, Oliver Cleveland, Philip Priest, Israel Trow bridge, Derrick Caruer, and Eleazer Dudley, who were settlers in the town. The condi tions of the charter were the same as other charters of this period in this State. The first deed of land was made at Man chester, the same day with the grant, by Zadoc Everst, theu of Manchester, to Elisha Hamilton, of Tinmouth, both proprietors. Of the state of the country previous to thia time it is difficult to speak, on account of tha FAIR HAVEN. 673 absence of direct records. It will be our aim to write what is known, or may justly be in ferred to be matter of historical truth. During the Revolutionary War the territo ry was not improved to any considerable ex tent : along the shoi^e of the lake and the bor ders of the bay and rivers, there were a few settlements commenced, but mainly the town was a wilderness. Maj. Ebenezer Allen, of Tinmouth, and Capt. Isaac Clark, of Castleton, appear to have had "a hunting camp'' on one of the large ledges in West Haven and not far from Benson line, with paths leading to and from the same in various directions, before the town was chartered, and probably before the State government was organized The pro prietors met at this camp, Aug. 21st 1780, to commence the survey of their several pro prietary pitches. There are traces still existing confirmatory of early indirect records, that a body of Hes sian soldiers came up the East Bay during the war, and aband ming their boats at the foot of " Carvers Falls," cut a road thence through the woods on the New; York side, to Poultney river at a point a little below its junction with the Castleton river, at the south end of the old Merritt farm, where they threw over a bridge long afterward known and called the " Hessian bridge,'' over which they crossed the river and cleared a road east ward toward Castleton and Hubbardton by way of the large hill south of Hiram Hamil ton's, which, on account of their hollowing out a stump on the top of the hill was called " Hessian Bowl Hill." By this " Hessian road," where it came away from the river, the surveys and deeds of Mr. Merritt's farm were afterwards bounded. Another detachment of Burgoyne's army passed through this town after the battle of Hubbardton, in July, 1777, aud it is thought, made a road south of the river, passing near Otis Eddy's, and along the north side of the cedar swamp below J. W. Estey 's house and thence crossing the Poultney river S. and W., either creating or following what was long subsequently known as Skeene's road. On a rude map of this region, printed in London, in January, 1779, by order of Governor Wm. Tryon, of New lork, there are two roads branching out of one, about on the east of this towu, and diverging S. W. across the territory of Gen. Skeene. At what precise date the first squatters came into this district we have not the means of determining, but know from existing records at or about the time the charter was obtained — which was done chiefly through the efforts of Maj. Ebenezer Allen and Gen, Isaac Clark, who had traversed the territory in their hunting excursions — there were a few persons resident in the town, and actual set tlers began to come in and take up the land under the proprietor's titles. Oliver Cleveland, an active pioneer in the settlement and organization was one of those who had male improvejnents before the act of incorporation, and appears lo be the only one of the original settlers who is represent ed in the charter. He had come from Kil- lingworth, Ct., and sat down with other members of his father's family, on what is now New York, or Hampton side of the river, then called " Greenfield," which it was at that time expected would be in Vermont, the State line or boundary between the two States not being as yet settled. While residing near the river, the road I'unning close by the bank, instead of over the flat as now, he had commenced clearing the land which about this time became his home farm in Fair Haven. It extended from Poultney river to Poultney west line, and is said, in a survey of 1746, to contain 205 acres, laid, all but 64 acres of it, on his own proprie tary right. At his death, in Sep. 1803, the farm became divided among his sons, Joshua, Albert, and James. James' part, about 80 acres, he sold in Nov., 1807. Albert also sold his 60 acres in 1813, but probably continued to occupy it until Sep., 1817. Joshua had 60 acres and lived on the same until near the spring of 1818, when he removed to Hampton and sold his part. Mr. Cleveland was a rough, illiterate man, unable even to write his own name, yet a man of great natural force and ability, arid was elected one of the selectmen of the town from March, 1784, nearly every year till his death. He left a large family. The lands lying to the south of Mr. Cleve land, between the river and Poultney line. had also been improved as early as 1779, by Joseph Squier, Lemuel Hyde and William Meacham, resident on the Hampton or Green field side, who do not seem to have become citizens of the town. 674 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAG.AZINE. At a meeting of the proprietors, held at Castleton, Oct , 1780, it was voted that John Meacham, Joseph Ballard, William Meacham, Lemuel Hyde and Joseph Squier might have the privilege of "covering their possessions with 2d Div. pitches to be laid out in the form of the first when there was undivided land enough to lay them out in such form ; and it appears from records in the archives of the State that those individuals, together with some fifty or more who had settled along the river and in wliat is now Hamp ton, considered themselves as within the bounds of the State and had as early as the year 1779, and proHably in the last part of the year, after Fair Haven was incorporated, and while the Legislature was still in session at Manchester, petitioned the authorities of Vermont for incorporation of the territory on which they resided as a town under the name of " Greenfield" — but the boundary of the State being in controversy, the authori ties did not grant it. and the petition was re newed in June, 1781, the petitioners express ing a strong desire to be under the govern ment of Vermont, and evidently supposing the boundary, which was tlien established, to be to the westward of them. The catalogue of signers of this petition includes the names of several individuals who were then resi dent, or who afterwards became such ; as John Meacham, Joseph Ballard, Abel Parker, Sol omon Cleveland, Abraham Sharp, Oliver Cleveland, Derrick Garner, Isaac Race, Ben jamin Parmenter and Stephen Holt. From the State archives we learn, in June 1781, the settlers on the south side of East Bay and north of the old town of Skeenes borough, many of whom were from New Hampshire and the East, desired to be under the authority of Vermont, and supposed they were so, being on the east side of the Lake, and they aceordingly petitioned our Gen. .-\.a- sembly, then met at Bennington, for an act of incorporation as a town by the name of " Now Cheshire." Among these petitioners were Lemuel Bnrtholomew, Peter Christie, Robert Adams, and others. John Meacham and Joseph Ballard, men tioned above, and by the proprietors at their meeting in October, 1780, as having posses sions in town, were actual residents along the river to the north of .Mr. Cleveland. Wheth er Mr. Ballard came before or after Mr. Meacham we are unable to determine, or whence he came, but he must have been here or on the Greenfield side of the river, as early at least as 1779, and it is probable that he came from Massachusetts or southern Ver mont. Mr. Meacham, with his wife and three chil dren, came from Williamstown, Mass., either in the fall of 1779 or the spring of 1780, and built him a log-house on the west side of the road, a little south from where Myron D. Barnes resides. His fourth child, Esther Meacham, born Apr. 23, 1780, it is claimed was the first child born iu the town. Mr. Meacham appears to have been an ac quaintance and friend of Col. Lyon in Massa chusetts, and he is said to have worked with Richard Beddow at nail-making in a shop which stood on the hill-side east of Mr. Kid der's barns. He was a poor man and had a large family, which necessitated assistance from the town and the apprenticeship of his eldest sou, John, afterwards a merchant ic the town, and later an influential citizen 'of Castleton, by the authorities of the town, dur ing his minority. Mr. Meacham was one of the members of the first board of selectmen chosen at the organization of the town in Aug., 1783, and was one of the committee chosen by thi citizens in Sep., 1784, to draw up a remonstrance against the doings of a County convention. He removed from Fair Haven to Galw.ay, N. Y., in 1794, and thence to Benson in 1800, where he carried on a - brick yard, and was so injured by the cav ing in of earth, he survived but one week, and died in ISOS or '9, aged 58 years. His children were Sarah, John, Rhoda, Esther, Jacob, Joel, James, Eliza, Isaac and Rebecca. JoHs Meacham, Jr., was a poor boy, in Fair Haven, but rose by his own energy to be a merchant in the town, in 180-4, when about 2S years of age, and removing hence to Castleton in 1805, continued in the mer cantile business there, acquiring quite a for tune, and becoming Probate Judge for the district of Fair Haven, which office he held at the time of his death. He married Mary Langdon, in 1806, and had one child, Claris- .sa, now the wife of Hiram Ainsworth Esq. of Castleton. Mr. Ballard's place of settlement lay next west of Mr. Meacham's, 177 acres, besides some 60 acres bought at auction on Stephen Fay's right. The first 100 acres were laid out to him in August, 1781, on righta pur- FAIR HAVEN. 675 chased of Col. Clark in June. 77 acres were laid out in July, 1784, 50 acres of it on Na thaniel Smith, bought on tax sale, and 27 acres on Elijah Galusha's right, purchased of John Meacham. In Feb., 1785, Mr. BallaW deeded the west part of his farm to his son, John Morrow Ballard, and the east part to his son-in-law, Stephen Holt. He re-deeded a portion of the Clark lot to Mr. Holt in Nov. 1792, and gave 45 acres lying south toward the river, to his daughter, Drusilla Holt, with whom he appears to have lived, and perhaps died, about 1795. The " Clark lot" was sold to Col. Erwin in June, 1794, he having bought Meacham's farm of John Meacham in January previous. Mr. Holt continued to reside on the south part until May, 1801, when it was sold to Henry Ainsworth, and passed through the hands of Danforth Ainsworth and Enos Wells to Barnabas Ellis, in November, 1813. It is now owned by Mr. Ellis' son Zenas C. John Morrow Ballard sold his part to his brother-in-law, Solomon Wilder, of White hall, in March, 1794, and soon thereafter re moved to Whitehall himself. John Morrow Ballard is said to have been a Methodist min ister, and to have been partly of Indian blood; and beyond this we learn little or nothing of him. Jeremiah Ballard, a noted Methodist clergyman, of southern Vermont and Massachusetts, may have been a broth er. He was in the towu in Dec, 1795, when he quit-claimed to Mr. Wilder an interest in land -.vhich had been owned by Joseph Bal lard. Samuel Cleveland, of Hydeville a son of Solomon Cleveland, an intimate friend of Col. Matthew Lyon, and formerly resident in the town, relates that in his boyhood, while his father owned the mills, between 1796 and 98, he well remembers going to Mr. Holt's and hearing Lorenzo Dow preach there, Mr. Holt being known as a devoted Methodist. Besides these settlements, which appear to have been the earliest in the south part of the town, there were others lower down on Poultney river, which may have been of old er date ; as at the point where the " Hessian road" came over the river, now on the Stan nard farm, where a man by the name of Jonathan Lynde had improved a place. The improvement may have been one cause that the Hessians crossed there, or Lynde may have sat down at that point because they had bridged the river and opened a road there. It is probable that he was one of a company of Dutch people who came into the neighbor hood during the Revolutionary War, from the vicinity of Bennington, or country east of Albany. The proprietors at their first meeting in June, 1780, called this place of Lynde's " an old possession on Poultney river," and voted to give him the privilege of holding it, " if laid out before the next meeting of the pro prietors." The next meeting occurred in August, and as there appears no record of any survey or deed to him, he must either have relinquished his claim or sold it to John Smith, of Poultney, or to Michael Merritt — Mr. Merritt taking possession and surveying the same, this same month, on the 1st div. ot Mr. Smith's right. A little above this improvement of Lynde's, Abraham Sharp, a Dutch settler on the New York side, then at that point, called "New Haven,'' who came with his brother- in-law James Vandozer, or Vandozen, if not also others of his countrymen, from near Bennington, was given the privilege by the proprietors, in Oct., 1780, of " covering with some proprietor's right all his possessions ex tending from the upper part of the falls ou Poultney river to the junction of said river with Castleton river, excepting Elisha Ham ilton's lot, which shall not be covered by any other person to take away his labor." Elisha Hamilton's lot, surveyed to him Aug. 1780, and laid where Hamilton Wescott now resides, reaching southward over the river and nearly to the river westward, — would thus appear to have been one of the earliest improvements in town ; but whether im proved by himself — he being said to be a resident of Tinmouth in 1779 — or by some person of whom he purchased, we have no means of knowing. The 2d division of Zadock Everest's right was laid out in July, 1781, next N. of " lot No. 5," made to run W. to the river ; but it appears that Mr. Sharp had a claim by pos session to all the lands lying along the river west of " lot No. 5," and to the west parts of both the Hamilton and Everest divisions, as also to the land which laid between the two rivers as they formerly run, the junction at that time being further down, below the pres ent bridge, and the Poultney river sweeping westward around land owned by Mr. Sharp, in Vermont, which is now, in consequence 676 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of a change made in the river about 1830, considered to be in the State of New York. Mr. Sharp appears to have covered his claims in Aug. 1783, with surveys on the 4th. divisions of the original rights of Jesse Sawyer and George Foot, the Foot division was deeded to him for £17 by Beriah Mitchell, Apr. 5, 1784, and both divisions quit-claimed by Gen. Clark in December 1783. April, 1784, Joel Hamilton, who had come into possession of a half interest in " lot No. 5," and the Everest division north, for £20, deeds to Mr. Sharp 20 acres from the west end of the lot No. 5, and 30 acres from the Everest lot. This Abraham Sharp was a noted hunter, and was called by the early inhabitants, "Old Abe." He married Jemima Vandozer, and had a son Abraham, who was the father of Robert. " Old Abe'' was drowned on one of his hunting excursions, in the river near Granville, previous to March, 1789. Charles Rice was the administrator of the estate, which being insolvent, was sold, with the exception of the widow's interest, Oct. 27, 1'789. Dr. Witherell finally purchased the ¦whole estate. James Vandozer, brother-in-law of Mr. Sharp, purchased of Heman Barlow, of Greenfield, N. Y., Sept., 1782, the 1st div. of Joseph Haven's right, laid out to Mr. Bar low, in Sept., 1780. This lot must have been improved, aud may have been settled by Mr. Vandozer and family at as early a period as the lands west of it. Tradition reports it was occupied by Vandozer and his son-in- law, Simeon McWithey, called by the old people "McQuivy," who lived in a log-house on the south side of the road, just west of Mr. 0. P. Ranney's barns, in 17S8. Mr. Vandozer and his wife were old peo ple and died al thoir place at an early day. He willed the west half of his farm to his grandson, Isaac McWithey, who sold about 12 acres to Isaac Cutler, Esq., in Nov., 17S9, and the remainder to Russell Smith in .Vug., 1795 ; Mr. Smith building a house on the same, wliich is now standing. The east part of the farm, was inherited by Simeon and Sarah McWithey, who bought of t^ol. M. Lyon, in Sept, 1799, a building-lot on the north aide of the road, on which they erected a dwelling-house. Maj. Ebenezer Allen was allowed by the proprietors to cover with some proprietary right the possession in the north part of West Haven, which he had purchased of Joseph Hyde; and Benoni Hurlburt was granted a like privilege of laying out on aome proprietor's right " a piece of land which he has had in possession a number of years, containing about 15 acres, provided he does not encroach upon any lands already laid out for public or private use." This lot of Benoni Hurlburt's lay on the bank of East Bay, south of Hiram K. Hunt's, and was sold by him in July, 1784, to Luman Stone, of Litchfield, Ct. Benoni Hurlburt's name appears on a petition in the Secretary of State's ofiice, together with those of Jo seph Carver, Joseph Haskins, Jona. Hall and John Vandozer, dated at Fair Haven, Feb. 23, 1782, in which the petitioners com plain that they have been unjustly treated and deprived of their property and rights by those who obtained the charter of the towi without informing them or giving them an opportunity to be represented in the same, though they were " persons who had for a long time before improved the land," having fled " from the southern parts of New Eng land to Vermont to resume its liberties and promote its interests " The committee to whom the petition waa referred reported that on account of the ad verse party not being cited to appear at the hearing, the petition be laid over till the next session, and that as the petitioners had made improvements and sowed and raisod grain, an order be issued that they be not disturbed in their possessions in the meantime. But May 2G, 1782 Hurlburt, who had perhaps been bought over in the meantime, signs a remonstrance, dated al Cheshire, declaring that Carver is a transient person from Rhode Island, and had used his name on the peti tion without his knowledge or consent, and against his interests. Who Joseph Carver was, or Jona. Hall or John Vandozer, further than appears above, we are not informed, nor do we know where they located ; but it is probable that they dwelt in the neighborhood of Hurlburt and not far from the falls on the Poultney river which are now known as Carver's Falls. Joseph Haskins lived below the road south of where Otis Hamilton resides whea the first surveys were made iu 1780. It ia said that " au old Indian" had made a pitch FAIR HAVEN. 677 and built a log-cabin on the place with a view to holding it, but Gen. Clark located the 1st div. of his right over the same ground, surveyed and commenced building a saw-mill, on the north side of the Great Falls, now the " Dry Falls, " when the Indian taking umbrage at such intrusion sought satisfaction by digging away a neck of land above the falls so as to change the bed of the river over the falls, to the western channel in which it now runs, destroying a valuable fall of water of some 150 feet. It is said that the Indian had a fight with a bear, and came nigh getting devoured in the fray. Another independent tradition is that Haskins changed the course of the river; while several old people have incidentally re marked that he was in part of Indian blood, and it has been claimed that the change in the course of the river was the work of freshets. No doubt the natural wear of the stream and repeated freshets in the drift alluvium of this old water-basin, had much to do with the change ; but considering the early, decided character of the tradition, with statements from some of the old people, that men were seen to come suspiciously away from the place of the change, leaving tools on the bank, it would not be improbable, when the water had worn away the bank to a narrow isthmus, the spade of Joseph Haskins, or of some other man of the name — there being two others, Silas and Benoni Haskins, then in the country, either on the Vermont or New York side^had secretly hastened the work commenced by the stream itself. It is a historical fact, that the stream was changed about the time of a freshet in the spring of 1783, and vast quantities of sand and earth were carried down into East Bay, filling up and impeding the navigation of the Bay, which until then, had been accessi ble to vessels of 40 tons burden, aud prorn- ised,had it continued of its original depth, to render the town along its banks a place of considerable commercial importance. Harvey Howes states that when his father, John Howes, from Woodbury, Ct., first camo into this country, sometime soon after the first surveys, probably in 1781 or '82, he came to Castleton, and thence followed down the "Hessian road" to East Bay, where the hulks of the Hessians' boats still lay, and the water in the Bay at that point was from 10 to 12 feet deep. In fact, a town of considerable size was projected by the proprietors at a point just below the falls, as we shall see from the pro prietor's records. The town plot, as drawn on paper and actually laid out at the head of the Bay, contained one acre to each pro prietor's share, and is now in existence in the town clerk's office. Had the stream re mained of its original capacity, the vast water-power of Carver's Falls, and the abun dance of good timber then iu the forests of the adjacent country, could scarcely have failed, to render the Fair Haven of the early times a commercial m.art of no mean impor tance to the whole western portion of the State. The Bay, connecting as it did with Lake Champlain would have afforded a cheap and easy channel through which ves sels could have come in laden with ore and merchandise, and gone out freighted with produce, lumber and other products, in our day, with marble and slate. As it was, it waa made use of for many years, and as late as 1815, or later, by Asa Smith, Joseph Sheldon, Elizer and Chauneey Goodrich and others, as an outlet during the high water in the spring of the year for the rafts of timber and large product of the supe rior pine lumber which the region produced. Of further improvements previous to occu pancy by the proprietors — we find no trace iu the proprietor's records. It is not un likely that there were others, especially in the West Haven part of the town on the shore of the lake ; but the leading inhabi tants, the principal settlers after Oliver Cleveland, John Meacham and Joseph Bal lard, were those who came into the town after the act of incorporation, beginning about the year 1780. Michael Merritt and Philip Priest from Killingworth, Ct., appear to have been here in August of this year, and may have come in the spring. They settled in the west part of the present town, near the Poultney river. Mr. Merritt located where Jona. Lynde had commenced, and we hear he fur nished the early comers with corn raised on his place before the other farms were ready to grow it. In his deed to Mr. Merritt, Johu Smith says, land "joining on the rode by the hussion bridge which was formerly possessioned by Jonathan Lynds and granted to him by the proprietors of fairhaven at their meeting of the 16th July 1780." 678 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. It was deeded by Mr. Merritt to his son, Peter, in Jan. 1813, and afterwards passed to Heman Stannard. Mr. Merritt was on several important com mittees for the proprietors; was chosen the first constable at the organization of the town, filled the offices of town clerk, treas urer and selectman, and served in other pub lic capacities. Mr. Merritt was from Killingworth, Ct. He was born in 1738 ; married in Killing- worth, to his first wife, Lucy Chittenden, by whom he had the following children, born in Connecticut: Bartholomew, Michael, Martin, Ansel, Jemima, James, Nathaniel, Lucy, Lydia, Peter, and Rebecca. Mrs. Merritt died Sept. 15, 1810, in her 74th year and Mr. Merritt married Sarah, widow of Charles Hawkins, Esq., on the 13th of December following. He died Aug. 18, 1815, in his 78th year, and was buried in the old village graveyard. Mr. Priest was brother-in-law to Mr. Mer ritt, having married his sister, Trubey, while in Connecticut. He located on his own pro prietary right, in August, 1780, next east of Mr. Merritt, and first built a log-house on the ground where Hiram Hamilton now lives. Here he kept tavern for a number of years. In June, 1788, he sold Joel Hamil ton 15 acres and must have removed about this time, or previously, to the residence oc cupied by him till the summer of 1800, on the knoll south of and opposite Mr. Stan nard's house. He sold the balance of his farm to Mr. Hamilton, and lo Charles Haw kins, partly in Sept., 1793, and partly in Apr., 1800, and went to Chateaugay, N. Y., where he died, suddenly, about 1816. He was employed by the proprietors, in August, 1780, to lay out a sehool-lot, and charged them 3s. for one half day in doing it. The first meeting for the organization of a town government was holden at his house, Aug., 28, 17S.), and ho was made the first selectman. The town meeting of Mareh, 1784, was also, like mauy of the meetings of tbo proprietors, hold at his house; and we find bis name as one of tbe selectmen as late as 17iiri. His family were Trubey, Betsey, Noah, Abi, Diana, Charity, Elizabeth, Merritt, Za dock, Polly, Sally and Aaron. Noah was an active politician on the Fed eralist side, a pettifogger and noted anti-Ma son. He is said to have gone to Western New York and there died, and Zadock was a Methodist minister in Southern New York or Pennsylvanina. Israel Trowbridge and Jeremiah Durand came from Derby, Ct., in the summer or fall of 1780, settling near the west line of Castle ton, Mr. Trowbridge on the north, where tha road enters the town from Hydeville, and Mr. Durand further south on the hill, near Alonson Allen's slate quarry. Mr. Trowbridge was one of the proprietors named in the charter, and located, Sept., 1780, three divisions of his right — nearly 300 acres — in one body along Castleton line and river, and over land lying along the river, which, it is said, in one of the early surveys, a man by the name of Azariah Blancher, or Blanchard, " once pretended to own." He gave lot No. 34 to his son, Levi, iu 1786, who, upon the death of his father, sold it. Mar., 1795, to Cornelius and David D. Board, of Castleton, from whom it passed to Hezekiah, father of Joshua Whitlock, now occupant. The remainder of the estate appears to have been divided among Mary, the wife of Ralph Carver, of Castleton ; Elizabeth, the wife of Dr. Osee Dutton, of Derby, Ct; Abi gail, an unmarried daughter, and Hannah, the wife of Olney Hawkins, a grand-daug'a- ter of Mr. Trowbridge. Levi and Abigail sold the largest portion of the farm, in 1799, to Dr. Samuel Shaw, of Castleton. Levi sold the remaining 52 acres to Benj. Hickock, in 1804, and is said to havs resided in the Russell Smith house, on the west street, until his removal to the West. Israel TROWBRiDiiE was a son of Isaac Trowbridge of Stratford, Ct., and grandson of James Trowbridge, of Norwalk, and lately of Stratford, in April, 1716. He was baptized. at Stratford, September 30, 1722, and married Miiry, daughter of Peter and Mary Johnson, of Derby, Ct., previous to 1753. In his family were : Mary, Levi, Anna, Sarah, Elizabeth and Abigail. Mr. Durand located his land next south of Mr. Trowbridge's, in Nov., 1780, on Thomas Ashley's right, getting a deed of the same from Col, Clark, in 1781. He sold 20 acres to Wm. Buell, iu 1791, and 28 acrea to Charles Boyle, in 1793 ; died in 1798, and the remaining 60 acres passed into the hands of Isaac Cutler ; in 1807, to " Doct." Thomaa FAIR HAVEN. 679 Dibble ; to Elisha Parkill, in 1817 ; is now owned by Alonson Allen. Curtis Kelsey, sen., of Woodbury, Ct., came in 1780, buying of Josiah Grant, of Poult ney,' his proprietary right iu Fairhaven. His 2d and Sd div. lots made nearly 300 acres. He removed his family from Wood bury lo Wells in the spring of 1781, where they remained until the summer of 1782, when, having erected a, cabin and covered it with bark, nigh where Mr. Estey's barn is, he moved into town with his family. He was chosen by the proprietors one of the overseers of the highway in November of this year. Mr. Kelsey was one of the wealthiest per sons in town. In the Grand list, 1789, only Matthew Lyon, and Michael Merritt stood higher. In December, 1795, he deeded to his son, Lyman, about 83 acres. He sold in 1821, to his grandson, Harry Spalding, of Middletown. He had married Submitty Parsons, and had four children born in Kil lingworth, Parsons who settled in West Haven, Orren, Lovisa, Lyman, and Curtis, jr., who was three years old when the family came to Fair Haven. Orren Kelsey, son of Curtis, m. Fanny Dwyer, of Fair Haven, in 1800. He died in Feb. 1847. Mrs. K. died Feb. 25, 1869, He was a post-rider from Fair Haven to Ferris- burgh in 1795, carrying the Fair Haven papers aud mail to towns along the route. In after years he was constable in the town, and often pleaded suits iu law before jus tice's courts with success. His children were Mitty M., James N., Fanny, Olive M., Louisa, and Sally. In the year 1782, Silas Safford and his brother-in-law, Ager Hawley, came from Arlington and made the first settlement in the village. Col. Matthew Lyon, who then resided in ArUngton, had, in Dec. 1780, located the 2d, div. of Nathan Allen's right, and the 1st and 2d of his own right — about 300 acres — on the land around the falls of Castleton river, the 2d div. covering the ground where the Park now is, and extending eastward over the swamp to Mr. Kelsey 's first divi sion lot. No. 60, and his own rights coming over the river and falls from the south and west nearly to the south line of the Park. Subsequently in Jan., 1781, he bought of John Hamilton, of Tinmouth, a second divi sion of 105 arces lying next east of his own which had been surveyed to John Smith'', thus giving him possession of over 400 acres, all in one body. He must have visited the place at the time of the survey, 1780, and at other limes following, prior to removing himself and family, which he did in the year 1783. Preparing to make improvements on his land, and to build on the falls while yet res ident in Arlington, he proposed to Mr. Saf ford to give him 80 acres of land as a pre mium to go to Fair Haven with his family and board the men whom he might employ in building his mills. With Mr, Hawley, who was a mill-wright, he agreed to build a grist-mill iu co-partner ship, Hawley to have one-third when the mill was completed. Safford and Hawley came to Fair Haven, camping on their ar rival, the first'night, in their covered emi grant wagon, near the river. Hawley built the first grist-mill, either this season or the following spring, on the south side of the Lower Falls, a little below the present site of the old paper-mill. About the same time the bridge over the river and the saw-mill on the north side were built. In building the gristmill Mr. Hawley re ceived bodily injuries from falling upon the frozen water wheel while attempting to cut away the ice, which caused his death about 18 months afterwards. He is said to have been buried in the old burying ground, N. W. of James Campbell's, All the widow received for his interest in the property was the use of it two days in every seven, on which days her boy Asa then 14 years old, acted as mil ler, and the inhabitants generally patronized him in preference to Col. Lyon's employee. Widow Hawley married Derrick Garner, one of the proprietors ofthe township, whose name appears in the charter, and who is said by some to have been the first miller in town. He removed with his family to Hampton Corners, where he appears to have resided previously, in 1779 and '80, ancj thenoe he went to Underhill, Vt,, where he and his wife died. Mr. Safford built first a log house near the river bank. Here he had 25 men to board, and Mrs. Safford, who was a small woman, aud mistaken for " a little girl " on one occa sion, did the work of the house alone, the men assisting her by washing the potatoes 680 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. at night and putting them on to boil in a cauldron-kettle out of doors in the morning. Mr. Safford did not reside long on this spot, but built a house 20 by 30 feet square on the place whero Henry Green's house now stands. He was at this point in Dec, 1784, when the first highway was Itid by the selectmen from Kelsey 's north ledge to the river on Oliver Cleveland's farm, and is said to have been here keeping a public house when Col, Lyon came, in 1783, He was here also in 1788, when the road w.a.-^ re-surveyed from tiie bridge northward. At the time of the survey, in 1784, Col. Lyon's house is said to have stood near the north end of the bridge, the bridge S, W. of Saffbrd's house, Ager Hawley's house S. W. of the north end of the bridge — each about 20 rods from the bridge. These houses must have stood on Col, Lyons' land, and been owned by him, the contract upon which Mr, Safford came to town not having been written, and CoL Lyon deeding him no land according to the terms of the agreement. In the spring of 1790, Mr. Safford bought the place where John Meacham lived — now Mr. Barnes' — and removed to tiial part of the town, opening there a public house, which he kept for a number of years. In the spring of 1814, he sold the place to James Y. Wat son, of Salem, N, Y., and bought next north, Mr. Safford died on this place. He was a justice ofthe peace from the commencement of the town for nearly forty years and filled other offices. He had a large family, among whom Er win was a prominent busiuess man of the pl.ace many years. Abel Hawley, father of Ager and of Mrs. Safford, was here with his children in 1784, and died in town, Oct, 16, 1797, aged 77. Among those who eaino into towu in 178;!, either before or aftor Col. Lyon, and settled in tbe central portion of the presout towu, wero Joel Hamilton, from Brookfield, Mass. ; Siunuel Stannard, from Killingworth, and Daniel Mun,L;or, with his son, A.^ahel, from Litchfield, Ct. Timothy Goodrich and Reu ben Munger, jun,, may also have come about tho same time, Joel Hamilton first settled on west street, lot No. 5. He was here in August 1783, tho place being called hia "home-lot" at that time. In Dec. 1784, the river, it is said, ran between him and Sharp. After thia beseems to have resided for a time on the side-hill where John D. Wood now has an orchard, north of Harmon Sheldon's house, the hill taking his name, aud being called to this day " Mt. Hamilton." We hear that Mrs. Hamilton was once ao- co.-ted by a bear near her house ou this place on -Mt. Hamilton. The house stood on the 1st division of the right of Benjamin Cutler ; and Mr. Hamilton bought of .\Ir. Hawkins in Dec. 1787 20 acres, buying subsequently until he had over 200 acres in his home farm, on which he remained attending to various public and private duties, and keeping a minute diary of his farm work and other doings, until his death, June 5, 1826. A man of strong pui-poses aud passions, he entered heartily into the Federalist side iu politics, and was an open and determined )iolitical antagonist to CoL M. Lyon, with whom he seemed to be in almost intermin able controversy during the last years of Lyon's residence in town He was constable from March, 1785 to 1792 and was deputy sheriff of Rutland county a number of years. He married Jerusha Walker from Brookfield, .Mass., who survived him, married Squire Demming of Castleton and died Sep. 1839, Mr. Hamilton had no children. Samcel Stannard resided for a short time toward the Lake in West Haven, but soon came and made his home on the spot where his son, Heman, so long resided after him. The place on which he settled was pur- ch.ased, in 1784, by Mr. Stannard and Tim othy Goodiich, and by them divided, Mr. Goodrich settling on the east half where Joseph S:ieldon now owns and occupies, and Mr. Stannard on the west half. Mr. Stannard w.is frequently chosen on the board of selectmen. He was born in Killingworth, Ct., in 1749, and came to Fair Haven in March, 1783, He married Jemima Wilcox, who was born in 1746, aud died June 25, 1834, aged 88 years; He died Apr. 8, 1815, in his 67th year. Family: Betsey, Daniel, Charlotte, Samuel, and Heman. Mr, Goodrich may not have come perma nently into town, settling with his family, until the spring of 1784. He appears to have been a son of Waitstill Goodrich, of Woodbury, Ct. and to have had a brother Waitstill ; the father giving to Timothy, in Jan. 1784, two-thirds, and to Waitstill ona- FAIR HAVEN. 681 third, of a half interest in Asa Dudley's right in Fair Haven. In March, 1801, Mr. Good rich buys of Dr. Simeon Smith 59 acres on Mt. Hamilton, and the north half of the Frisbie lot, which he sold in 1818, to his son Chauncy, then living on it, he himself being in Bethlehem, Ct. whither he is said to have gone and temporarily resided. The Mungers, Daniel and Ashael, settled on the intervale through which the road to Sheldon saw-mill now runs, known as "the Munger road." Here, with them, also resid ed Joseph Snow, who had married Elizabeth, a daughter of Dea. Daniel Munger. Snow occupied a house which stood on the west side of the road, and Mr. Munger a house which was standing only a few years since, on the east side. Daniel and Eunice, his wife, had received a deed from Judah Lewis, in June 1783, while they were yet in Litchfield, of the right of Jos. Taylor surveyed to Taylor Nov. 1780. Mr. Munger died here Feb. 10, 1805, in his 80th year, and Ashael occupied the farm with his family until the Spring of 1817, when he removed to Michigan. Daniel Munger was known as a deacon of the church, and is said to have superintended the building of the old meeting-house^now Daniel Orms' dwelling-house — about the year 1791, and to have found oue of the first ministers who preached for the church, iu the person of Rev. Mr. Farley, a young man, who came hither from Poultney about 1803, and preached for a time, boarding with Maj. Tilly Gilbert. After Mr. Munger's death, his son, Ashael, became a deacon iu the church. Reuben Munger, jr., from Norfolk, Ct. in 1782; bought a place now owned by Mr. Stannard, So. of J. D. Wood's. He was ou the place in the summer of 1785, when the road was surveyed N. and W. from "the Narrows," to the eastward of his house. He semes to have removed to Middlebury prior to June, 1790, at which time he sold to Dr. Simeon Smith. Lt. Charles McArthur, of Nobletown, N. Y. bought of Col. M. Lyon, of Arlington, iu July, 1783, 260 acre,s— Elijah Galusha's rights — on the hill ever since known and called Scotch Hill. He erected the first frame-house of which we hear iu the town — a low studded, one- story building — east of Tilly Gilbert's pres ent residence, and there resided and died. The place was afterward occupied by his son- in-law, Elihu Wright, and is now owned by Mr. Briggs. His great arm-chair, which waa one of the first brought into the town, is in the hands of Mrs. Arnold Briggs. Mr. McArthur's first wife, whom he must have married iu Arlington, was a daughter of Gov. Chittenden, and sister to Col. Lyon's 2nd wife, by whom he had three sons, John, Daniel and Allen. He married Rebecca Stan ton for his 2nd wife, by whom he bad chil dren: Charles, Clintha, Harvey, Bradford G., Alex, Minerva, and Seneca. Harvey is said to bave injured himself bringing potatoes out of the cellar, and to have bled at the lungs till so weak that he fell from his horae and died. Mr. McArthur's lands were divided among his large family. He died Oct. 8, 1816, ia his 74th year, and was buried in the village grave-yard. On his tomb stone is inscribed: " Au honest man is the noblest work of God." Eli Everts, together with his brother Am- bro.se, must bave been iu town, or vicinity, as early as the fall of 1783. In Dec, 1783, Ambrose is a witness to a deed from Isaac Clark to Abraham Sharp, and iu April, 1784, both Ambrose and Eli witness to a deed from Joel Hamilton to Abraham Sharp. They are said to have lived in a log-house on the lower side of the road below Mr. Stan nard's at an early day, and they resided oa the place iu Dec, 1784, when the road waa .surveyed from Eleazer Dudley's southward to Eli Everts' before purchasing the land, of Col. Isaac Clark. Haskins was ou the place in the spring of 1783, when the great change iu the course of the river-bed occurred, and as there was trouble between him and Col. Clark, be may have decamped about this time, leaving Col. Clark to lease the place to Mr. Everts. The place was deeded to Everts, Nov. 20, 1786. Mr. Everta must have built the old gam- brel-roofed houae which formerly stood where Otis Hamilton's house is. Mr. E. was called " Captain" by the peo ple of his time. He was selectman of the town in 1793, and is spoken of as an old man in 1820. Hio wife's name was Jemima, and tbey had a dau£^hter Millicent who mar ried a man by the name of Fuller, and lived in Malone, N. Y., in June, 1826. Milo was a teacher, and removed to Athena, Ohio, sub sequent to his mother's death, about 1823, where he beoame judge of probate. 682 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Richard Beddow, an Englishman who had been a soldier in the army of Gen. Bur goyne, but deserted, or was taken prisoner and never returned, was early a settler near John Meacham, on the hill east of Mr. Kid der's. Ho was a blacksmith and n.ailer, and worked at making nails with John Meacham, in a shop on his farm. He married widow Rebecca Hosford and had 7 children. His sons removed to War saw, N. Y., whither he followed them subse quently to 1825, having in a fit of intoxica tion beaten his wife so as to cause her death. The farm passed through tbe sons' hands to Oliver Maranville. Andrew Race is said to bave lived in a small house near the school-house in the south district ; and his brother, Isaac Race, on the Hampton side of the river, Mrs. Sally Benjamin, a daughter of Isaac Race, who was afterward a resident of this towu many years, relates that when she was a child, she was playing beside the river bank and saw Col, Lyon's emigrant teams ford the river below Mr. Cleveland's on the arrival of the family in town. We hear of a young physician of the name of Safford in the town as early as 1783, but he was no relation to Silas Safford, and ap pears not to have remained long in the town. Perhaps there were other residents at the time Lyon commenced his works. We hear of several, among whom was Thomas Stonnage, a Dutchman, who cleared the land where Mr. Kittredge's house now stands. Benjamin Parmenter, or Parmentry, who married a daughter of Oliver Cleveland, and first built on the east side of the cedar swamp, afterward residing on land that Stonnage cleared, was also in the town at this date. In the north and west parts of the towu — now West Haven — Beriah Mitchell, who had come from Woodbury, Ct.. to Castleton, and thence to Fair Haven, in 178'2. w.as settled on tbo farm now occupied by Mrs. Adelaide Ililchcook. lie was constable iu 17S1, but did not remain, returning to Connecticut in the year 1786. His ]ilaco passed to his brother, Ichabod Mitehell, who came here in the year 1783, or thereabout, and kept a public house at the corner of the road. James Ball and Perley Starr, bought the right of John Fassett, jr., about where Rod ney Fields now lives, eai-ly commenced im provements, bu: soon sold out and moved away. In the early part of 1783, sometime between January aud April, Eleazer Dudley and Abijah Peet, from Woodbury, Ct., loca ted in tbo West Haven part of the town, Mr. Dudley ou or near the " school-lot," about where Nathaniel Fish resides, and Mr. Peet next north of Mr, Mitchell's, toward Benson. Thomas Dixon, written also Dickson and Dickinson, in ,the records, came in from Cas tleton, locating next north of Mr. Peel's oa Benson line. John Howe, Elijah Tryon, Elisha Frisbie, John aud Henry Cramer, Timolhy Lindsley, and others, came this year from Connecticut, and took up lands in West Haven. About tbe same time, afao, or a little later in the year, came Heman Barlow, Cornelius Brown son, David Sanford, Samuel Lee, Amos and Johu McKinstry, aud others, whose settle ments belong to the history of West Haven. The fir.-t meeting of the proprietors, to or ganize under the charter, was warned by Ira Allen, Governor's Assistant, and held at the house of Nehemiah Hoit, at Castleton Cor ners, June 14, 1780, Col. Ebenezer Allen moderator, Capt. Isaac Clark, proprietors' clerk. Capt. Clark, John Grant and Nathaniel Smith were appointed a committee to survey and lay out a town-plot on the most conven ient place for trade and navigation, of one lot to each proprietor's right, of not more than 4 acres, nor less tban one. The com mittee were instructed " to lay out such roads as they should judge to be most conven ient to the place of trade and navigation." It was voted to make a division of 100 acres of land, with 5 acres for highways, to each proprietor's right, and " that Maj. Eben ezer .Vllen and Capt. Isaac Clark, as a com pensation in part for their looking out the towu and procuring a grant, " shall have the privilege of making the two first pitches in the first division.'' Lieut. Elisha Clark, Oliver Cleveland and .Vsa Dudley were chosen to lay out tbe first division lots on the public rights, and Capt. John Grant was chosen proprietor's treasurer. It was voted that the 21st of Aug. 1780, be the day to begin to survey tbe pitches. The next meeting was held by adjournment at the same place, Aug. 16th. Of this meeting Capt. John Grant, of Poultney, waa modera tor, and Michael Merritt clerk. FAIR HAVEN. 683 It was voted to accept tbe survey of the town-plot reported by the committee, each lot containing one acre, together with one acre set apart for a publio landing-place for shipping. Oct. 4, 1780, the proprietora met again at Mr. Hoit's. Philip Priest, moderator. Voted to make a further division of 100 acres to each right to be called the " second division lots." Ensign Gershom Lake, Oliver Cleve land and Asa Dudley were appointed to lay the public lots of this division. It was voted to draw for tbe town-plot lots in the same manner that they had for the 1st and 2d div. pitches, and Maj. Clark, Ensign Lake and Asa Dudley were appointed to lay out a public highway from the west line of Castleton to the Great Falls. It was directed that thia main road from Castleton to the Great Falls should be 6 rods wide, and other roads which tbe committee might lay might be of any convenieat width, they should think best. Dec. 14, 1780. The proprietors met to draw for 3d div. pitches of 63 acres each, and chose Michael Merritt, Philip Priest and Heman Barlow to lay the public lots of this division ; and Philip Priest, collector, with power to enforce settlements. June 7, 1781. A proprietors' meeting was holden at the house of Maj. Isaac Clark, and voted to draw for a 4th division of 50 acres each. At a meeting, Oct. 4, Col. Isaac Clark and Jonathan Brace, Esq., were " empower ed to act as agents for the proprietors of Fair Haven to vindicate tbe title of said town ship, as granted by charter of the General Assembly, in October, 1779." Apr. 8, 1782. Isaac Clark charges the proprietors £3 and 6s. for two journeys to Bennington " to procure the charter and get it recorded," and £1 and 8s. for fees paid the secretary for drawing and recording said charter. At an adjourned meeting, at Col. Clark's, Sept. 2d, of this year, Beriah Mitch ell and Oliver Cleveland were constituted a committee to warn land owners when to work on the highways, and to keep tbe ac count of every man's worlt, and see that the roads were properly and well -made. The main highway from Castleton line to Mr. Dudley's camp, a point somewhere not far westward of the present division line between Fair Haven and West Haven, was surveyed, Oct. 8, 1782, via " muddy brook" Philip Priest's house, and the house of Joseph Haskins ; Haskins' house being about 200 rods N. W., nearly from Mi. Priest's then residence. In November, 1782, Philip Priest and Cur tis Kelsey were appointed overseers of high way work, and after several adjournments the last meeting of the proprietors in Castle ton was held at Col. Clark's, May, 8, 1783 ; whence, after voting a tax of one penny per acre, 311 acrea to each right, for highways and bridges, and appointing Heman Barlow, Thomas Dickson and Eleazer Dudley a com mittee to look after roads and open such new ones from tbe main road, already cleared, as best to accommodate tbe inhabitants/the meet ing was adjourned to come together again Nov. 3d, at the house of Philip Priest, iu Fair Haven. Nov. 3, 1783, the proprietors met at Mr. Priest's house, and after appointing a com mittee to settle with the treasurer, adjourned to the first Monday of Jan. 1784, which meet ing passed a vote limiting the special priv ileges previously granted to certain persona of covering their claims, to the first day of February, and then adjourned to May 3d, when they met again, and having voted to ra se a tax of one penny on tbe acre, dis solved tbe meeting. The town was organ ized at the house of Mr. Priest, Aug. 28, 1783 ; Mr. Priest, moderator, Eleazer Dud ley, town clerk ; selectmen, Philip Priest, John Meacham and Heman Barlow ; Michi- ael Merritt, constable. No other officers were chosen until tbe following spring. 1784. Town meeting was held at Mr. Priest's, Mar. 22d — Mr. Dudley was re-elected town clerk ; Eleazer Dudley, Thomas Dick son and Oliver Cleveland selectmen ; Dan iel Munger, grand juryman; Philip Priest and Beriah Mitchell, listers ; Beriah Mitch ell, constable ; Michael Merritt, treasurer ; Ichabod Mitchell, John Meachar^i and Philip Priest, surveyors; Philip Priest, Michael Merritt and Eleazer Dudley, trustees, to take care of the school right, and the right for the aupport of the ministry. A vote waa passed lo raise a tax of £6 and 10s. on the polls of the inhabitants, rescinded at a sub sequent meeting, held May, 4th, when it was voted to raise the sum of £6 and 10s " on the polls and ratable estate of tbe inhab itants." By vote of the towu the school-lot was 684 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. sold, in September, to Eleazer Dudley, for £75. At a meeting Sept, 22d, at Col. Lyon's house, the inhabitants voted, 1st, "That the county of Rutland extend seven townships north and south, and that Castleton be the county seat," 2d, " That they will remonstrate against the town of Itutland being a county town." "3d, They chose Col. M. Lyon, John Meach am and Heman Barlow a committee to draw a remonstrance against the doings of the County Convention. Several new roads were surveyed in the town, in December of this year. Moses Holmes appears to have come into town in tbe Autumn of 1784, from Lenox, Mass., buying 30 acres of land of Joseph Ballard, adjoining Poultney river, which he sold to Matthew Lyon, Nov. 29, 1785, and bought another 30 acres, which had been im proved, of William Meacham, at tbe extreme southern end of the town, Nov. 30. Holmes appears to bave been in Hampton in April, 1788, further than this we can get no trace of him. There is slight reason to think he may have been one of Col. Lyon's employees in the forge or mill. David Pundeeson, chosen one of the listers at the March meeting of 1785, must have been here tbe year preceding. He resided on the upper side of the road, beyond Mr, Evert's. We learn nothing more of him. 1785. The town meeting was held at Mr. Priest's, Mar, 21st: " Voted that Oliver Cleveland, Curtis Kel sey and Joel Hamilton be a committee to view the road from Mr. Priest's to Hubbard ton river and Benson line, and make a re port where it is best the road should go, by the first Tuesday of Miiy, and that the above committee lay a burying-place, by the road, south of Mud Brook. This burial-ground waa located beside the old road, between the houso now occupied by James Campbell and that in which John Allard resides. It was the first publio burial place in the town, and had some 30 or 40 graves. At an adjourned moeting. May 3d, at Mr, Priest's ; " voted that two day.s labor be done on the roads over what the law directs." The lown was at this meeting first divided into three districts, whether school or high way districts is not slated, but we have reas on to think this division pertained to the schools, if not also to the highways. The territory between Muddy Brook and Hub bardton river was to be the firat district ; that south of Muddy Brook tbe second ; aud that west of Hubbardton river the third. A vote was passed tbat Elisha Frisbie should be deemed an inhabitant of the town ; but another meeting, held in June, revoked the act, and he was warned to depart from tbe town in ten daya, a practice of those days by which to prevent, perhaps, their be coming a public charge. We have on record tbe names of about 50 individuals who were warned away, many of them with their families, between 1803 and 1813. Some of these continued to reside here for years afterward, contriving away to support themselves and their growing famil ies, like so many of the other early inhabit ants who were too poor to go away. Charles Rice, came hither from Brookfield, Mass., in the early part of this year. He had bought of Jesse Hamilton, of Brookfield, in February of the previous year, a half interest in tbe right of Elisha Hamilton, and ia June, 1785, be buys of Joel Hamilton, of Fair Haven, " one-half in quantity and qual ity" of Elisha Hamilton's lot No. 5, and one-half of Zadock Everest's 2d div., both on the -west street, toward " Sharp's bridge." Mr. Rice was first constable in town in 1793, '94. He removed from the west street to West Haven, and was keeping a public house nigh where Nathaniel Fish now resides, in the latter part of tbe year 1795, and also in the years 1798 and 1799. He was an eccen tric man, and wrote on his sign : " Nothing: on this side nothing on t'other; Nothing in the house, nor in the stable either." His wife was Abigail Cutler, sister to Isaac Cutler, Esq. She died in West Haven, June 16, 1820, in her 66th year. He re moved to Canada before tbe war of 1812, and died there. They bad two sons and one daughter. Isaac Cutler, Esq., whoae name we often meet in the subsequent records of our early history, came hither also from Brookfield, in the spring of this year. He bought 75 acrea of land of Mr. Rice, one-half from the east end of Zadock Everest's 2d div., and the other half from the Elisha Hamilton lot No. 5, Mr. Cutler built on this land the house after ward owned by Jacob Willard, later by Cy rus Willard. It was opened and kept as a tav ern by Mr. Cutler for some years, serving aa a popular evening resort for the early settlers FAIR HAVEN. 685 of the neighborhood. There was a nursery of apple trees by tbe roadaide a little east of the house, in 1797. Tbe place was sold by him September, 1798, to Philip Allen, of Salem, N. Y. Mr. C, must have come into the village to reside soon afterward, and may bave made bis home with hia brother-in-law, Nathaniel Dickinson, who kept the public house of the village. Mr. Culler purchased tbe house and about 10 acrea of Dr. Simeon Smith, of West Haven, Feb. 5, 1803. In February, 1810. he appears to have lived iu a part of the old house which stood oa the common. He re moved to West Haven in the spring of 1827 where he resided till bis death in Nov. 1832, when he was aged 86 years. He left no family. He was a prominent and influential man in the town, largely connected with its public and business affairs. Being a justice of the peace, he was universally designated as " Squire Cutler." Stephen Rogers, a tanner aud shoemaker, who seema to have been a particular frieud of Col. Lyon's, came from Branford, Ct., this year. He was followed soon after by bis younger brothers, Ambrose, Beriah and Jared. Stephen started the first tannery under the patronage of Col. Lyon. He built also a house and shoe-shop. He aold in March, 1801, to Calvin Munger, and went away to the West. Col. Lyon, who iu 1805, was doing a large business in taaning, at Eddyville, Ky., sought and obtained him to come to Eddyville whither his wife, whom he had left in Fair Haven, waa assisted by the town to go to him, in August, 1811. She returned from Western New York and died in Elizabeth- town some years after. He married Hannah, dau. ot Dea. Munger, Feb 1789. They had 3 children. Lucy, Ste phen, who became a Congregational minister, at one time settled in Claremont, N. H , and Lorenzo who residea in Westport, N. Y. Col. Lyon built the dam on his Upper Falls to bring water to his iron works, in July of this year, 1785, and on October 14lh he petitioned the General Assembly of the State, then an independent sovereignty, to lay a duty of two pence per pound on nails, to en able him to build his works and supply the State. The place was called from this time, and for many years was known over the wholecountry about, by the name of " Lyon's works." 1786. Gamaliel Leonard came from Pitts field, Mass., in 1785, to Greenfield, N. Y., stopping ou Hampton Hills, and while resi deut there, iu January, 1786, bought of Heman Barlow 120 acres on Poultney river, in Fair Haven. This land laid along the Falls north of tbe place where tbe old Skeene's road crossed. Moving into town iu the spring of 1786, Mr. Leonard built him a house near the Falls, and commenced the erection of the second saw-mill in town. The country east of Mr. Leonard was then an almost unbroken forest. A road was cut around the noith side of the cedar swamp, and Oliver Cleve land drove a yoke of cattle ou this road through the wooda, which was the first team driven through to the saw-mill. In 1788, Mr. Leonard, iu company witb Elias Ste vens and Daniel Arnold, of Hampton, built a forge at the west end of the saw-mill. Mr. Arnold Sold bis share of the forge to Jamea Downey, jr., in December, 1792, and Mr. Stevens sold bis to Dr. Simeon Smith, ia March, 1802. Chaeles Hawkins, sen., came from Smith- field, R. I., in the summer of 1786, buying, in August, of James Hooker, of Poultney, one- half of Asa Joiner's right of land in the town. Here Mr. Hawkins built and settled, tak ing the freeman's oath in tbe town, in Sep tember, 1788. He had, several years previously, while resident in Smithfield, in January, 1781, pur chased, in company with his brother-in-law, James Bowen, of Smithfield, the original right in towu which belonged to Benjamin or Benoni Cutler, of Plainfield, N. H., and the firat division of this right was surveyed to him in May, 1781 ; from which we infer that be had visited tbe town and located his land at thia early date. He is said to bave been a " gentleman'' and a " blacksmith" ia Rhode Islaad, and appears to have made a number of purchases and sales of lands in town. He adds to his home-farm by pur chase of Philip Priest, in the spring of 1787 about 25 acres ; and in the fall sells 20 acrea to Joel Hamilton, including the house in which Hamilton then lived. He died here Mar. 31, 1810, in bis 75tb year, and his wid ow married Michael Merritt. The home- farm was sold by bis sons, Charles and Rich ard, to Dr. James Witherell, in October, 1813.' VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. David Erwin, afterwards known as " Col onel," and later as " General" Erwin, came hither from New Jersey, soon after the com pletion of Col, Lyon's iron works, and prob ably as early as tbe year 1786, be being in town and witnessing to the signing of a deed in March, 1787. He is remembered by the older inhabi tants as a man. of marked ability, and the efficient superintendent, or foreman, of the slitting-mill. The jtory is told that when he came to town, then a young man, he first en gaged at very small wages as " blower and striker" in the shop where Col. Lyon's chief workman was manufacturing axes, pretend ing not to be skilled in any of the arts of Vulcan, and so was called " Lyon's fool." After a little while, when engaged iu " strik ing" with his " boss," he put in the interrog atory, "Why not strike there? — and again, there ?" The " boss" getting impatient of the fool's impudence, as he regarded it, swore out that he might make the axe himself, he appearing to know so much ; when Erwin replied that he would do so if he would suffer him to try bis band. He accordingly took the fire and anvil, and in an unusually short space of time turned out his axe, which was declared to be a handsomer, and better axe tban any the shop had before produced. The " boss" threw off his apron, put ou bis coat and cleared tbe shop, calling on Col. Lyon to settle up, averring tbat " the fool" bad out witted him and he would no longer work. From this time " Captain Erwin,'' as he was first called, came to be Col. Lyon's fore most workman. He took the freeman's oath here in September, 1788. In May, 1789, he purchased of John Meacham 3 acres of land, on tbe bank of Poultney river, and from time lo lime be added to his land by pur chase and diipinished by sale, till his farm constituted the one where J. W. Esty now resides. Col. Erwin was ordered lo meet with tbe regiment under hia command for parade, June 0, 1796, hia regiment being in the sec ond division of the second brigade of State militia. He was called " General" Erwin, in 1799, and appears to have left the town about 1801 or 1802, aud to bave gone to northern Now York, lie lea.sed the slitting- mill, owned by Edward Douse, of Dedham, Mass., of Mr. Douse'a attorney, John Brown. ia December, 1800, until February, 1802. He was one, among others, licensed to sell liquors at the June training, of 1802. He is said to have had two sons, Walter. and Moses, while in town, and afterwards to have been himself a member, or to have had a son who was a member of the N. Y. State senate. Further than this we learn nothing of him. Ethan Whipple, Esq., waa one of the new comera of this year. Here he look up a large tract of land on tbe righta of John and Lemuel Paine, an interest in whieh he had - purchaaed as early as 1781. He built the house where John Allard now resides, but sold the same in 1831, and removed to the west street, buying the house and lot now occupied by Charles Clyne, and residing there till bis death. He waa long a promi nent and influential citizen of the town. [See biography.] Capt. Elijah Taylor come from Brook field, Mass., this year. He was elected a jury man in March, 17S7. He resided on the west street, having some claim on tbe farm of Charles Pace, a part of which he sold to John W. Throop, called " Troop," aa late as June, 1795. Capt. Taylor waa never married. He waa a great talker ; and had beeu in the battle of Bunker Hill ; and used often to meet his neighbors and while away the long winter evenings ia social chit-chat and story-telling over the merry cup al Squire Cutler's inn. He removed to Hydeville, then " Castleton Mills,'' where he died, about 1819. The town meeting was held. Mar. 13, 1786, at Samuel Stannard's, house. At another meeting, held at ilr. Stan nard's, September 5tb, it was voted " not to divide tbe town into two societies,'' and to appropriate funds lo build bridges in the west part of the town. In December, at Mr. Stannard's, it waa voted " that they will hire a minister," and Thomas Dickson was appointed " to treat with Benson committee how tbey shall pro ceed." A tax of two pence on the pound to be laid on the list of 178fi was voted, it is to be inferred, for the aupport of the ministry. 1787. Dr. Simeon Smith, of Sharon, Ct., came and bought lands extenaively in the Wost Haven part of the town. He built a aaw-mill on Hubbardton river, and com menced a forge on the Falls, afterwards owned by Gen. Jonathan Orma. He resided FAIR HAVEN. J7 on the school-lot, so-called, which he leased from Eleazer Dudley, in Febrnary, 1789. He there built the house which wa3 afterwards occupied by Maj. Tilly Gilbert. Dr. Smith was previous lo tbe division (in 1792,) selectman in 1789, '90 and '91, and representative to the General As.sembly, in 1789, '92, and '97. He was the delegate of the town tothe State Convention at Benning ton, in January, 1791, which for Vermont, adopted and ratified tbe Constitution of tbe United States ; and in 1789 was elected one of the assistant judges of the Rutland county court. In 1792, he was probate judge for the district of Fair Haven. He died Feb. 27, 1794, aged 70 year^, bequeathing to the town of West Haven the sum of $ 1,000, then a relatively generous- amount, lo be kept at interest for the period of 60 years, after which time to be devoted lo educational purposes as follows : " to bave one good grammar school kept in--Wesl Haven, near the village where I now live, the overplus for the beneht of. other schools and the support of Ti gospel minister, well educated and regularly in structed in the ministry, and if any over, for the support of the poor and needy in tbe said town of West Haven, under the direc tion of the civil authority and tbe selectmen of said town." > Dr. Smith's second wife waa Catharine Cutler, sister to'isaac Cutler, Esq. She sur vived him, inheriting by his will one-half of all his estate, which was estimated at $ 80,000, and afterward married Christopher Minot, Esq., bf Bostoa. Dr. Stephen Hall came from Connecticut, where he lost his left hand while cutting corn stalks for molasses, during the Revolutionary war. He bought a building lot of Capt. Elijah Taylor, in March, 1788, on the corner of the wesl street and the road leading lo Mr. Hawkins.' He was also chosen one of the listers iu town in the same month. He is the first physician who is mentioned as owning land in the lown. Selling to Dr. James Witherell, in October, 1791, he re moved to New Lebanon, N. Y. He resided in Canaan, N. Y., in the spring of 1802. At the March meeting of thia year, held again at Mr. Stannard's, it waa voted tbat " the sign-post be erected on the bill by Col. Lyon's new barn," from which it is inferable that Col. Lyon had then recently built on the premises of -the old tavern stand. The sign post stood, a little over 30 years ago, near the S. E. corner of tbe old abed which then and until as late as 1853 occupied the present site of Mr. Adams' brick atore. Feb. 18, 1787, Michael Merrill, town clerk. by order of the citizens of the town, .signs a petition to the General Assembly, to have the county seat of Rutland county at Castle ton. This p'etition was joined in by Wells, Benson, Orwell, Poultney Castleton and Hubbardton ; but certain persons had inti mated that Fair Haven and Benson ought nol to be considered, whether beoa'ase these two towns were later organized, or on some other ground, we are not told. The petition coming before the General Assembly, in March, Col. Lyon, who was a member from Fair Haven, moved that it be filed and postponed to the next session — votes, 25 yeas, and 19 nays. 1788. Maj. Tilly Gilbeet came in the spring from Brookfield, Mass., in company with Gideon Tafft, who bad taken up land iu tbe town, and resided, here for a short lime, but afterward settled in Whitehall. Maj. Gilbert was then quite a young man. He put up at first al the public house kept by Silas Safford, and was employed by Col. Lyon to teach a school, perhaps in the old school-house on the Green. He studied medicine with Dr. Hall on the west street, and also taught school in Benson and Orwell. Removing to Benson about 1791-2, his connection witb the history of our town does not really commence until his return, in about 1800. At the March meeting, at Mr. Stannard's, Mar. 13th, five persons were oho.=en on tha board of Selectmen, of which Col. Lyon waa chairman. Dan Smith, of the West Haven part of the town, is named as one of the lis ters, together witb Stephen Hall and Gama liel Leonard. There was a frost on the 20th of June, so severe as to destroy the wheat and other crops, and many suffered by famine during the winter of 1788-9. By a warning from Silas Safford, justice of tbe peace, a proprietor's meeting was held at Mr. Safford's house, Aug, 26, Col. Lyon being choaen moderator. After chosing Mr. Safford clerk the meeting was adjourned to the first Monday in October, but tbe proceed ings of the adjourned meeting are not lo be found. There was a citizens' meeting at Mr. Priest's house, September 2d, when it waa VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. voted "That tbe selectmen do repair the I bridge which crosses the river between this town and Greenfield, and tax the town for the cost, if a lax is not granted by the Gen eral Assembly for that purpose." It was also voted to memorialize the General Assem bly for " a tax of two pence on the acre for repairing bridges and highways in this town." Jehiel Mitchell, a carpenter, came from Litchfield, Ct., was here ia the summer of this year. He waa a brother to Beriah and Ichabod Mitchell, of West Haven, and built " a. red shop," opposite Dr. Hall's, on the west street. Isaiah Inmas came from Massachusetts with hia family, in the fall, stopping, at first, with his brother in-law, Charles Hawkins, sen. He located east of Dr, Simeon Smith's, and the " country road," nigh tbe romantic and beautiful lake in tbe north part of the lown, called from bim, " Inman Pond." He did not reside long iu the towa, but removed to Hampton, N. Y., in 1792, and sold his place to Theophilus Woodward, of West Haven. Thomas Dibble, called "Doctor Dibble," ¦who came from Nobletown, N. Y., and here married a daughter of Oliver Cleveland, was in town about this time. He dwelt, previous ly to 1807, south of Wellington Estey's place ou the bank of Poultney river. In 1807, be purchased the farm which had been settled by Jeremiah Durand, and resided oa the same until 1817. 1789. Dr. James Witherell, who bad come lo Hampton from Mansfield, Mass., the pre ceding year, stopping for a time with Sam uel Beaman, came into town this season. He took tho oath of allegiance in September, 1790, and in April, 1791, purchased about 30 acres of Elisha Kilburn, of Hampton, on tbe border of the river, in the west part of the tiiwii. IIo purchased, iu October following, the house in which he was theu living, and ihe acre and a half of land at the corner of the road, of Dr, Stephen Hall, whose place as a ]ihysiciau he seems to have taken. He afterwards jiurchased of Charles Rice aud others a large portion of what now consti. lutes Ham ilton Wescott's farm. Dr. Wither ell, known also as "Judge Witherell," was for over twenty years a publio and influen tial citizen of the town, being several times a representative in the State assembly, a judge in the county court, and likewise a Member of Coagress while resideat in Fair Haven. He removed lo Detroit, Mich., about 1810, where he held a responsible public office aa one of the United States Judges of the Terri tory, and was long one of the chief men and officers of the State. In October, CoL Lyon invokes the State by a petition to the General Assembly to sell him 100 acres of land granted to the Society for propagating the gospel in foreign parta, and also for £800 State scrip, to be paid back in two years. The petition was referred to the next General Assembly. 1790. The March meeting was held for the first time " at the school-house in the middle school district." Beriah Rogers is aaid lo have come into to'.rn this year, from Branford, Ct., and to bave made bis bome for a number of years following witb his brother, Stephen. In February, 1797, he bought 50 acres on Scotch Hill, which he sold ia 1799. Ia August, 1797, he bought of Pliay Adams, of Hampton, N. Y., a house and 17 J acres of land, where Zenas C. Ellis resides, making several pur chases subsequently. On this place he seems to have made his bome until he removed lo Hampton, about the spring of 1808. In 1802, he commenced a tannery, which he sold, after his removal to Hampton. Mr. Rogers was a justice of the peace in the town for a number of years. Charles Boyle and Olney Hawkins took the oath of allegiance at the freeman's meet ing, in September, this year. Mr. Boyle, with Robert White, of Lansingburgh, N. Y., bought of Col. Lyon, ia Jan. 1792, 2 acres of land on tbe old highway leading from Lyon's works to CasUeton, including a small red store standing on the aame. Ho owned also, the part of the 2d dir. on which Mr. Durand resided, and at his de cease, in 1799, the 2d div. of Nathan Clark, and 85 acres of land, known as the " Handy lot," bought of Col. Lyon, in March, 1793. William Buell, a gold and silversmith, who came from Arlington, and occupied the place at the foot of the bill where Cyrus C. Whipple resides, and there repaired watches aud sold silver ware, must have come into town this year. In April following, 1791, he bought a piece of land of Jeremiah Du rand, and was assessed in the grand liat. FAIR HAVEN. 689 He was chosen secoad constable in 1794 ; is eaid to have been au Englishman, and to have had a son William. He married, for his second wife, Polly Baldwin, of Rutland. Her first child was deaf and dumb. He died in town, and his wido'w went back to Rut land. Nathaniel Dickinson, who built a store near Dr. WitbereU'a, took the freeman's oath here in 1791. He came from Massachusetts. His wife was a sister to Maj. Tilly Gilbert In June, 1795, he was keeping Col. Lyon's pnblic house when Col. Lyon sold to David Mack. He kept the same house, or some other, for several years afterward, even as late as 1803. Mr. Dickinson bought 65 acres on the wesl street, in 1797; and. owned one-half the gristmill; and was constable in 1802. He re.sided in West Haven iu 1809, where he died in July, 1811 — his wife having died in December before. Abijah Warren, waa from Litchfield, Ct., a son-in-law of Dea. Daniel Munger, and was probably here aa early as this year and, may have beeu here at an earlier period. He appears to have first bought a building lot on the road north of Dr. Witherell's toward Mr. Hawkin's, in June, 1796, — adding to it, in April, 1797, 30 acres more, all of which he sold lo Olney Hawkins, in July, 1802. He is said to have been a very sanctimonious man, and to have lived in the grist-mill house after this time, where be had a large family. Frederick Hill, the town clerk, having re moved to Rutland a meeting was called, in December 1791 which chose James Witherell town clerk, and voted " to dismiss the com mittee heretofore chosen to hire preaching." March 5, 1792, Dr. James Witherell was chosen town clerk, but the records appear to have been kept by John Brown, a young man who came hither from North Provideme, R. I., in the spring of 1792, and taught school iu tbe town. He was afterwards town clerk. His records are made with great elegance and beauty of penmanship. Mr. Brown was a brother-in-law of Ethan Whip ple, Esq., having married his sister, Mary, in Rhode Island. He bought first of Col. Lyoa, ia May, 1793, 2 acres jast south of Mr. Whipple's and built a house where James Campbell now lives. Buyiag a farm of 65 acres of Charles Rice, near Dr. Witherell's, on the west street, in Maroh, 1798, be removes there -on, and adver tises his other place for sale in the " Fair Haven Telegraph," in December, 1795. In October, 1797, he sells the 65 acres on the west street to Nathaniel Dickinson, and re moves into the public honse in the village, which he seems to have kept a number of years. "He removed to St. Albans in March, 1801. He died Mar. 16, 1805, aged, 39 years. His wife died Apr. 11, 1805, aged 39 years The warning for the March meeting called the people together to choose town officers, and " to see if they will agree lo petition the Legislature of this State to divide this town into two, and to see if they can agree on a dividing line." James Witherell and Lem uel Hyde were appointed agents to petition the Legislature for the division of the town. At another meeting, held the 22d inst ; and for the first time at the meeting-house, it was voted " to hold future town meetings here, and also the freeman's meeting, for the election of the next Member of Congress, and a Member of Convention. James Witherell, Silas Safford and Philip Priest were chosen a committee to join a committee from West Haven,-" to setlle the public accounts which lie in common be tween the two towns.'' On the question that the dividing line be at Mud Brook, the vote stood — yeas 9, nays 48 ; that it be at Hubbardton river, yeas 9, nays 48; tiiat it run, as now, from Poultney river to a line on the hill parallel with the west line of I'le Brooks' lot, and thence along the Great Ledge to Benson, yeas 48, nays 7. " But as there is a number of per sons who dissent from the line which the majority think the most commodious, voted that Isaac Cutler, Silas Safford and Ethan Whipple be a committee to confer with the aforesaid dissentients, in choosing a disinter ested committee to point out a dividing line, which line the inhabitants will petition the Legislature to establish." The meetintr was then adjourned to March 27th. At the adjourned meeting, Cornelius Brownson, Ethan Whipple and Lemuel Hyde were made a new committee to settle the town account with the treasurer, Mr. Merritt, and it was voted to call the west or north part of the towu " West Haven." September 4th the citizens met by adjourn ment, voted " they still continue determined to divide the lown into two, and that the dividing line be established as it was pre- \ 690 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. viously voted." Col. Lyon, Samuel Stan nard and Philip Priest were chosen a com mittee lo meet a committee from West Haven to settle tbe claim of each town lo lands granted by the Legislature for the ministry and for schools ; meeting adjourned to Jan. 4th, 1793. In the meantime Messrs. Witherell and Hyde make their petition on behalf of the town on the 8th of October, the Legislature convening at Rutland. The petition recites that they desire divi.sion, " let, Because " the public road goes more than 16 miles from the northwest to the south east corner, at wliich extremes the town is inhabited." " 2nd, Because it is 13 miles from the southwest corner to the east side of the town. " 3d, Because there is a " Great Ledge," wbich nearly divides tbe east from the west pai t. " 4th, The west part of the town having bettar land than the east part, yet a large share of it remaining in a state of uncultiva- tion ; and the east part having natural ac commodations for water works, and great roads through it, makes it consider its future importance ; — so that each part has its ex penses while not considering the expenses of the other part, tbey cannot agree on a center as one town, yet when divided there is not the lea-^t dfficulty, each being ready lo agree on a center for itself. ' 5th, The lown being longer than a 6 mile square town, the inhabitants have always expected to be divided, and although at times they might disagree about the place where to divide, yet each extreme has scarce ly ever failed of wishing to get rid of the other, which has at times created difficulties which we do not wish to mention." They then state the fact of an agreement at three several times on a line, and request to be divided, with the privileges of other towns, excepting that the}' should have but one representative to the two towns. Again t this petition the following persons protest or remonstrate that " Ihey tliink the lown so small that a division will be inju rious, the grand list being only £2283 and lOs., tho number of freemen not exceeding ono hundred, and the land on the west of the line of a vastly superior quality, therefore they pray that the town may not be divid ed : — but if it is to bo, that the dividing line may extend so far westward as to take in one-half of the whole number of acres in the town, and so far as to Hubbardton river." The names are: Samuel Stannard, Alexan der McCotter, John Howes, Isaac Turner, Abraham Utter, Jonathan Orms, John War ren, Amos Lay, Russel Smith, Ansel Merritt Martin Merritt, James Merritt, Daniel Cush man. Philip Priest, Timothy Goodrich, Dan iel Munger, Peter Cramer, Henry Cramer, jr., Dan Smith, Joel Hamilton. By Act of the General Assembly, passed the 18th, and signed the 20th Oct., 1792, at Rutland, tbe west line of Fair Haven, as it now is, was established, and West Haven erected, with all the privileges of a separate town, excepting ihat the two towns were to meet together and choose one representative. The two towns had but one representative and held their freeman's meetings together, until Mar., 3, 1^23. when it waa "Resolved, that the town of Fair Haven ia bv the consti tution and Laws of the State of Vermont, en titled to a representative in the General As sembly of the State, in its own right, distinct from any other town, and that the first con stable be directed to notify tbe annual meet ing in September next, for the choice of Governor, Lieut. Governor, councillors and representative to the General Assembly, to be holden at the centre school house, in said Fair Haven. ' Tbe General Assembly, also, at its session of this same year, decided that the clause of the act limiting the two towns to one repre sentative was repugnant lo the provisions of the Constitution of the State, and was there fore void. Since this time the two towna have each had their annual representative. The populations of the two towns, respec tively, as given in tbe census reports of the State, were, in 1791, about the time of tha division: Fair Haven, 375; West Haven, 545. In 1800, Fair Haven, 411, Wesl Hav en, 430; from this time West Haven stead ily increases to 774, in 1840 ; Fair Haven in creasing to 714, in 1820, after which time it fell off to 633, in 1S40. Up to this year, in which the town was divided — the larger portion of the territory going to West Haven — we have seen the town stealily filling up with population, and improving, until it stands, in relative impor tance, on account of its mills, its central lo cation, and the enterprise, intelligence, and wealth of its inhabitants, on an equal footing with many other towns of greater extent and more inhabitants. Eut before taking leave of our twin-sister on the west, with whom we struggled along through so many hardships and privations in our early days, it will be pleasant to look FAIR HAVEN. 691 back upon both aeotiona, topographically and geologically, in the light of present knowl edge, and see if there be not something in both reciprocally complementary of that in which either may be wanting. Topographically, we see the plain around the village then covered with heavy pines, cut away where the park now is, and leav ing the large stumps still thickly standing, to remove them at a latter date, requiring many "bees," or public working parties, al which times many gallons of spirituous liq uors, so commonly used at that day, were consumed. The heavy pines and hemlock were standing over most of the plain, roads only here and there being cut through them. Tne chief settlement and point of trade seemed to be on the west street, around the corner where the road led northward lo Mr. Hawkin's and Mr. Merritt's. The general surface of the town is billy, the hills rising in two instances only, to tbe dignity of mountains : " Bald Mountain," covering the whole southern extremity of West Haven, along the east shore of the Lake, and " Mount Hamilton," the eminence just northward of Messrs. Wood's and Shel don's, in Fair Haven, so named from Joel Hamilton, Esq., who resided in the old or chard on its southern slope at au early daj'. The town to the northward of Mt. Hamil ton, as far as Benson line, is taken up with thi Great Ledge coming down on the west, covered with its ever green forests and seem ing to equal in distant beauty the forests of ancient Lebanoa, aa you look northward from the summit of Mt. Hamilton, while just below you, ia front and at your feet, on tbe east side of the Great Ledge, and embosomed in the green hills on every side, lies the charming little lake in its secluded and na tive beauty, which has been known among us by no better name than its earliest acci dental designation, " Inman Pond," As viewed at the still dawn of a summer evening, there are few acenea which God has elsewhere made, surpassing in loveliness, the silent, quiet grandeur of this, our home scen ery. From Mt. Hamilton eastward, Scotch Hill, fringed witb its open quarries of alate, and the wide, fertile intervale between, ia seen below you, sweeping off to the southward, where the village greets your eye in the dis tance. Altogether, there is no spot for many miles around so well worth a visit as Mt. Hamilton. A little lo the west of Oliver Proctor's former residence is a range of hills, called, in olden times, " Porcupine Ledge." South and east of this, along the east border of the town, and traversed by the road to West Cas tleton, is Scotch Hill, so named from tha Scotch people who aettled it. " Glen Lake," formerly called " Screw Driver Pond," from a supposed formal resem blance to a screw-driver, and which has its outlet ia Lake Bomoseen, in Castleton, fur nishing at that point an abundant water fall and power for manufacturing purposes, liea partly in the northeast corner of the town. To the west of Porcupine Ledge, and east of Mt. Hamilton, is the large marsh fed from Inman Pond, which has long been known as " Beaver Meadow.' This meadow fur nished, for many years, a supply of cran berries lo the residents of the town and vil lage, who were permitted, by tbe generosity of tbe proprietor, to go on aa appointed day of eaph autumn and glean of tbe annual harvest, and this cranberry meadow was at the same time a mill-pond in the spring of the year, from which water was taken by Joseph Sheldon, sen., to run his saw milla, at the outlet, where he carried on an extensive lumbering business for many years. As seen from Scotch Hill, the saw-mi^, now owned by Daniel Orms, and ensconced among the trees al the bead of the valley, through which the small but perpetual stream, called Mud Brook, flows to Poultney river, ou. tbe west, presents a beautiful and picturesque appearance. The view of Fair Haven village, as seen from some points ou Scotch Hill, overlooking, at the same time, Hampton bills and the mountains lo tbe south and wesl, is one on which the lover of the beautiful in landscape scenery will delight to linger. There is one other view, that from the road or hill north of Otia Hamilton's, looking westward on Bald Mountain, with Poultney river. Carv er's Falls, and the powder mills iu the deep gorge of the foreground, which for wildness and grandeur, in a warm, hazy summer after noon, is worthy tbe attention of the painter and artist. Just south of this point, and below Mr. Hamilton's bouse, are the Dry Falls, as they are called, and the old river-bed on the flat, where nol tbe river only, but ancient ocean currents once flowed. The Castleton river receiving the waters of Lake Bomoseen just outside of the borders 692 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. of the towa, comes ia oa the east and winds circuitously into tbe Poultney river on the west side, furni8h:ng several good manufac turing privileges in the village. On Hub- ' ton river, also, flowing through West Haven, from the ponds in Benson, into East Bay, are several good mill-powers. Following down the Poultney river, besides the Falls at the powder-mills, where there are also a saw-mill and a grist-mill, and was once a fulling-mill and factory, below that point we find Carv er's Falls, a deep, narrow opening in the lime stone rocks, through which the combined waters of Castleton and Poultney rivers fall down at firat about 20 feet, and then about 60 feet, perpendicularly, into East Bay. Al this point there were, at one time, ou the New York side, a saw-mill, forge and store. Geologically viewed. West Haven ex ceeds in speculative interest, but Fair Haven in economical value. At the bottom of the extreme southern promontory of the town, opposite the railroad depot and steamboat wharf, in Whitehall, is found the only spec imen in the State, of the oldest, or bottom rocks of the globe, the primordial crust of tbe Azoic, or Laurentian formation. This frag ment of igneous primordial gneiss extends only three or four miles along the Lake northward. Over, on this, rests the first fossiliferous formation, the lower Silurian with which commences the existence of or ganic life on the globe. There are several varieties of the Potsdam sandstone found on Bald Mountain, interesting specimens of which are to be seen in the State cabinet. Overlying the sandstone, is a large devel opment of calciferous sand rock, composed of lime and sand, which extends far north ward and across the Lake, and is found to contain fossils of the genus maclurea. This formation " enters Vermout from Whitehall, south of tbe mouth of Codman's creek, in West Haven. In the northwest part of West Haven it unites with a spur that runs up lo the very southern extremity of Die lown, upon the east shore of Lake Champlain."* Next above this appears the Trenton lime stone. " A little more than a mile west of the West Haven post-office it appears as a light blue limestone, capping several sm.all bills with a very small easterly dip. It ex- lends wost to Codmau's creek. There is but little thickness lo it, while tbe calciferous sand-rock beneath is enormously developed."* • Qeologttal Survey ofStnto. Fossil corals are found ia this limestone further north in Vermont. Utica Slates come ia above tbe Trenton Limestone, aud first appear about a mile west of the post- office, their inclination being greater than that of the uaderlying rocks. Then there are tlie Hudson river limestones, alternatini' with clay slates or shales, throughout the central and eastern parts of West Haven. In the western part of Fair Haven is a large range of lalcose or talcoid schist, running north and south ; and east of this, extending into Castleton, is the extensive slate group, or taconic range, called by the State geologists, from the town of Georgia, in the north part of the State, where all its characteristic fossils are found, " Georgia slates." These slates were quarried and worked in this town by Alonson Allen, as eaily as 1845, and might with great propriety bave beeu denominated Fair Haven Slates. EBOM the taking OF THE FIEST CENSUS, IN 1791, TO 1800, when the number of iuhabitants ia reported as onlj- 411, though the increase of population is small, as compared with the previously rapid growth of the town, there are several impor tant facts to be noted. In the first place, the number of-inhabitants in '91 was large, as com pared with mauy other towns in the State, at that time ; Burlington, for instance, though or ganized nearly as early, numbering only 332. The area of the town ia smaller than that of any other town in Rutland county, excepting Ira Gore, and fully one-third part, especially the northern section, is uusuited to habita tion ; while the southern portion, bounded west on tbe Poultney river, is very narrow, being scarcely '2 miles in its widest extent, and at the same time much broken by rough ridges of slate ou the east, and by the cedar swamp on tbe west. Yet. aa early as 1791, settlements were made as we have seen, in about every accessible por tion, and even in some places which bave since been abandoned. Where the village now is there could have been no settlement of much account, aside from (.\il. Lyon's iron-works,* grist-mill and saw-mill, fat the beginning of this period — CoL Lyon himself owning all the land. A road had t Built by Lyon and Ayer Hawley below the old pa per-mill on the south side of the river about 1783. I The flrst saw-mill in town, built by Lyon abont 1783, the north side of the lower falls. FAIR HAVEN. 693 been laid in December, IISI, from the works north-west to Muddy Brook, on which Ethan ¦Whipple located in 1786 ; and a, portion of this road, across what is now the Park, was thrown up and declared exchanged for another, six rods in width, which was laid iu April, 1788, across what is the south eud ofthe Com mon. CoL Lyon having built a new barn on the hill, prior to December, 1784, had probably soon after erected his house* on the corner of the road, and Stephen Rogers had built a bouse and shoe-shop at tbe west end of the new high way, on the land of CoL Lyon, and, perhaps, had also commenced his tannery, under the hiU, west of the house. North of Mr. Rogers, oa the east side of the street, and about opposite Ira C. Allen's present residence, there was a school-house aa early as 1790. The old church which stood on the pub lic ground, north of the school-house, and which waa never encumbered with the luxuri- oua innovation of brick and mortar — called " the Lord's barn," and " Lion's den'' — was in use in the spring of 1792, and must have been built as early as '91. Col. Lyon had also built the small red store, f which he sold to Boyle & White, in January, '92,1 on the spot where Thomas Hughes now lives. Besides this be must have built the pa per-mill, not far from thia time, and perhaps, al so, the building east of Mr. Rogers, nearly op posite where Joseph Adams' marble residence now stands, wbich was used, soon after this time, as a store and printing-office, and, later, * This house was bnilt by Lyon for the residence of himself and family previous to 1795. Col. Lyon sold the house to Elial Gilbert in 1799, who sold to his brother, Tilly, in 1802; he to Dr. Witherell ; Dr. W. to Dr. Eben. Hnrd ; Dr. H. to Rollin C. Mallory ; Mr. M. to Jacob Davey : Mr. D. to Dr. Witherell again, and Dr. W. to Mrs. Lucy Wilmot, who sold to Seth Hitchcock, of West Haven; Mr. H. to Adams Dutton, who moved on to the place in the spring of 1844, and resided th ere till April, 1851, working a slate quarry at Cedar Point, and constructing machinery for the manufacture of slate pencils. He sold to Israel Davey ; and Mr. Da vey to Served Fish, in 1858. Mr. Fish built thereou the present Vermont Hotel, a three-^tory brick building, which has proved inadequate to accommodate the wants of the pnblic for a hotel in the town. Mr. Fish kept the house as a hotel until March, 1866. It has from Mr. F. passed to David Offensend, David McBride, and in 1870, to Chas. C. Knight. t Bnilt as early as 1791. t The flrst sale of land made by Lyon within the limits of the village, was the sale of this store and 2 acres lying east of the old highway to Robert White's, of Lansingburgh, and Chas. Kolfe, of Fair Haven. as a dwelling-house, and was taken down and removed by Maj. Tilly Gilbert, in 1810. Further than this tliere does not seem to have been any improvements where the village now is. Mr. Safford having bought a place of Johu Meaoham, in the south part of the town, in April, 1790, had removed thither from the vil lage, and there opened a public bouse on the spot now owned by Mr. Barnes. During the next few succeeding years, not withstanding the small increase of population, many and great changes are made, and Fair Haven becomes what tradition has reported it, a place of business equal in importance to any north of Bennington. Iu the viUage Lyon first sella Robert White of Lansingburgh, N. T., and Charles Boyle of Fair Haven, on the 23d of January, 1792, the little red store and 2 acres of land.* He next sells, in May following, seven acres to Stephen Rogers, including the house and shop which Rogers bad built. In 1793 Lyon is said to have commenced the publication of a newspaper called "The Farm er's Library," in one part of the paper-mill building, and to have continued it three or four years, notwithstanding the sparaeness aud pov erty of the settlers, and the very limited demand for such a publication. There were at the time, but three other papers in the State : the Gazette, at Bennington ; the Herald, at Rutland, and the Jov/rnal, at Windsor. The paper called "The Pair Haven Gazette," during a part ofits existence, waa printed by Col, Lyon's son, Jamea Lyon and Judah P. Spooner — James; having learned the printing business at Phila delphia — and was issued by Lyon, no doubt, as a political sheet, he being before the people of the district as a candidate for Congress, as " the representative of the commercial, agricultural and manufacturing intereats, in preference to any of their law characters," from the admis sion of the State into the Union, in March, 1791, until his election oa the fourth trial, in 1796. This paper was probably succeeded by " The Parmer's Library, or Pair Haven Telegraph" — " a Republican paper, priuted by J. P. Spooner and W. Hennessy, at Pair Haven, Tt. ;'' the first number of wbich was issued July 28, 1795, and copies of which are now in the writer's ¦* The first sale of land made by Lyon within the limits of the village; in the deed. Col. L. reserving to himself the right of keeping public houses on his own lands. 694 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. hands. This paper, publiahed by Mr. Spooner, alone, after March, 1796, was a Republican pa per, and supported 061. Lyon. It was contin ued as late as '98, and was printed in the building which stood on the north side of tbe highway, nearly opposite Joseph Adams' dwell ing-house. Persona are living who remember this printing-office. Tradition reports James Lyon ocoupid the eaat part of the building, and had hia book-store and poat-o£Hoe in the west fart as early as 1798. The motto of Mr. Spooner's paper : " The freedom of the people cannot be supported without knowledge and industry," shows the appreciation in wbich the people then held knowledge and industry in relation to a free gov ernment. The name of the paper waa again changed, in November, '97, to " The Farmer'a Library, or Vermont and New Tork IntoUicren- cer." There are copies of both these papers now extant. Besides this there was published by Mr. Spooner, in 1796, '97 and '98, "The Vermont Almanac and Register,'' giving the dates of tho grants, and the rateable property of each town iu the State ; also, " An account of the Masons, literary societies, attornies, min isters and religious assemblies — tbe officers of the militia, tbe members of the Legislature, the names of the civil officers, and times of holding courts in Vermont." These Almanacs and reg isters were advertised as for sale by the post- riders and at the office, for one shilling each. There are several interesting advertise'uients and facts in the old papers printed in Fair Ha ven. In December, 1795, Mr. James Brown, " late post-rider from Fair Haven to Randolph," advertises that on account of ill-health he obliged to discontinue his business. At the same time Jeremy Dwyer, the filher of Mrs. Orren Kelsey, who had come hither by the per sonal solicitation of CoL Lyon, in 1793, and resided, in 1795, in the house above the grist mill, " proposes to ride from tho printing-office in Fair Haven, to carry the newspapers through Castloton, by the old fort, tlionce through Hub bardton, Sudbury, Whiting and Cornwall to Middlebury Falls; thonoe to return through tho WL'stui'ly part of (.'ornwnll, Whiting nnd Sudbury, and tbe east part of Shoreham, Or well, Bouisou and West Haven — every other weolc to reverse the route. Any person on Ilia roulo wishing for papers from Bennington, Rutland, Albany or Lanaingburg, or the Rural Magazine, printed at Rutland, shall have them delivered on reasonable terms." Orren Kelsey advortisoa "to carry the newspapers from the printing-office in Fair Haven, through West Haven, Benaon, OrwelL Shoreham. Bridport, Addison, Panton and Perrisburgh." In March, 1796, the Telegraph says: "The small pox is very prevalent in the neigboring towns. * * Travelers seem greatly alarmed to hear of people having it on the main road, particularly at a tavern a little to the south ward of this town.'' Abner Puller advertises that he " has lately set up the blacksmith busi ness, a few rods north of tbe printing-office, m Pair Haven." Samuel Stannard, proprietors' clerk, publish es a notice of an adjourned meeting of the pro prietors of Fair Haven and West Haven, to meet at the house of Charles Rice, innholder, in West Haven, on the 2d Monday of April Mr. Hennessy advertises in June, 1796, that he lias taken the alitting-mill; and William Bu ell that " he still carriea on tbe gold and silver smith's business, repairing watches, etc.," and has on hand " several silver-mounted swords, which he will sell cheap.'' In the January paper of 1798, James Lyon, postmaster, publishes a list of letters remaining in tbe post-office at Fair Haven, January 1st, among which are letters for persons in Poult ney, Middletown, Granville, Pawlet, Sudbury and New Hartford. The paper states that an extensive band of thieves who had troubjed the neigl'iborhood, had been broken up, and the culprits punished — one of them by whipping — the "whipping-post" being an institution at that time, and for many years subsequently. Nathan Durkee. a bachelor, whose nWe first appears in the grand list of '93. and who came hero from Pomfret, and died here at the public house, advertises iu Jauuary, '98, that he " has lately received, and is now selling at his store ill Fair Haven, at the corner opposite Brown's tavern, a small assortment of English and In dia goods, for cash, country produce or ashes." The following shows the political spirit of the Fair Haven newspaper ; " Much has been said against the French Council of Ancients ordering a Quaker to be turned out of their House, for obstinately per sisting iu keepins on his hat, contrary to the rules of the House. The high-flying Federal ists in thia country reprobate tbeir conduct, and call it persecution, and yet would oblige citizen Lyon, one of the Members of the House of Representatives, to be dragged in procession before the President, although he-has repeated ly declared, that it was against his conscience and opinion to join in that ceremonial." A March number of the paper contains an address of Col. Lyon to his constituents. FAIR HAVEN. 695 There were a number of other publications, and several books, some of which are still in existence, which were printed in the town dur {ng this period — among these, "The Life of Frankhn," a small volume, and a French story or noveL entitled " Alphonso and Dalinda." We have seen '' A Brief and Scriptural De fence of Believers' Baptism by Immersion, by Sylvanus Haynes, pastor of the Baptist church of Christ ia Middletown, Tt.'' which was priut ed here by Mr. Sp-^oner. There is still preserved the first two numbers of a semi-monthly duodecimo magazine, " The Scourge of Aristocracy and Repository of Im portant Political Truths," which was commenc ed here Oct. 1, 1798, when CoL Lyon was running for Congress, and the " Rutland Her ald," under Dr. Samuel Williams, refused to publish communications in bis favor. It was edited and published by James Lyon, but con tained several articles from his father. The subscription price was $3.00, and it was contin ued but one year. The second number con tains Col. Lyon's celebrated letter to Gen. Ste vens T. Mason, Senator from Virginia, written bj him Oct. 14, 1798, while a prisoner iu jail at Tergennes ; and, judging from the tone of the aeveral articles, whether original or select ed, which appear in the first two numbera, it is evident that the name of Scourge was well chofsen. It is enough to say here, that intense aud bitter opposition to the principles of the Federal party, the standing army, the stamp act, and the alien and aedition laws, is its pte- vaihng burden. In January. 1794, Lyon sells to William Hennessy the two fires in his forgo, together with a hammer and anvil and coal-house. Hen nessy waa a warm political friend of Col. Lyon, and appears to have beeu in the town before this time, being assessed in the list of '93 at £6. Sept. 25, '93, while under the influence of strong drink, and engaged in an angry po litical discussion at Castleton, with Joel Hamil ton, his fellow-townsman — Hamilton having about this time gone over to the federal party — Hennessy assaulted Hamilton and put him out of doors, endangering his life, for which Hamilton claims damages of Hennessy in the March term of the county court of tho year 1794, to the amount of. £150; Hennessy re plying that Hamilton had first assailed him. — Tho court awarded Hamilton £1 and 4s. There appears to have been a standing irrec oncilable political quarrel between Mr. Hamil ton and the Republicans of that time, which led to much difficulty and trouble while Lyon remained in town, and, indeed, long afterward. Lyon called Hamilton to answer, in the Novem ber term of the county court, 1793, to the charge that he, " Lyon, the plaintiff, waa chos en selectman at Pair Haven, March, 1791, and sought to discharge his duties as a person of good repute and credit, free of deceit, fraud or falsity'' — ^yet the defendant, " maliciously in tending to hurt and injure his good name aud reputation, and to cause him to be esteemed and reported as a person perjured and fore sworn, and who had acted corruptly in his of fice," did, June 17, 1793, at Rutland, in the "Parmer's Library,'' Tol. 1, No. 12, "falsely and maliciously devise, speak, tell, print and publish divera false, scandalous and horrible lies of and concerning said plaintiff." The substance of the falsehood was, that Hamilton, who was constable of Pair Haven, and presided at the freemen's meeting in Sept., 1791, "complained and charged Lyon with be ing very officious at that meeting in procuring votes for himself, for member of Congress, even from New York ; causing persona to be admit ted to tbe freemen's oath who had not beeu in the State a week ; that Lyon wrote a letter to the commanding officer of a military camp, in the State of New York, who had his men era- bodied on that day, soliciting him to dismiss hia company, that they might come to Pair Ha ven and vole ; that Lyon made use of threata, etc., to terrify him [Hamilton] to purjure him aelf by aiding him in hia wicked designs'' — making out false returns, etc. Lyon charges that these accusations injured him in his reputation, so that some of his neigbors refused to have any common acquaint ance or discourse with him, and demands to recover of Hamilton the sura of £2,000, lawful money. The court awarded him 20a damages and costs. As an offset to this Hamilton brings a suit of replevin against Lyon and Charlea Rice, the constable, in the Maroh term of court, 1795, for tbe recovery of his horse and mare, taken from him Oct. 4, '93, and unlawfully de tained, laying his damages at £100. The court awarded him 2s damage, and cost of £6 14s and 6d. Among the results of the violent political strife of this period, not only these lawsuits, but others, of which we have no recorda, grew up from acta of aggreasion committed against per.son3 and property. Mr. Hamilton's orchard waa entered, aud his fruit-trees maliciously gii'dled, from motives of 696 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. political apite, about the year 1800. It was gen erally understood to have been done by a party of young men, or boys, chief among whom was a son of Charles McArthur, who fled to the South or West, while a number of others who were supposed to have been implicated, were arrested, fined and imprisoned. Tliese weie Erastus Goodrich, Davis OInoy and Joseph Da vidson. Goodrich was an apprentice to Gen. Jonathan Orms; and Gen. Orma, while believ ing him innocent, hired money of Dr. Shaw of Castleton, and paid the threo fines of .§100 each, to get the young man out of prison. — This affair was a memorable oue among the people of that time. While Lyon was exceedingly popular among his own party and personal friends, doing much to court their favor, and frequently throwing open his house for hospitable entertainment of his workmen and party friends, he was yet a rough, wilful man, and had many strong ene mies. When, therefore, in the summer of '98, he made himself liable to prosecution under the famous "sedition law" of that year, there were not a few ready and willing to see the law exe cuted upon him. He was accordingly indicted for sedition on account of words he had writ ten and published in tbe •' Termont Journal ;'' and being brought to trial before a court com posed of Federal judges, in October of this year, he was convicted and sentenced to p.ny a fine of $1,000 and costs. Being committed to jail at Tergennes, during the winter, he was treated with much rigor, and his friends in Pair Haven were obhged to send him a stove to keep him warm. About the time of Lyon's trial at Rutland, a political opponent, John Cook of Poultney was appointed by the Legislature a justice of the peace, in opposition, it was said, to the almost unanimous voice of the town. Impelled by the excitement of the times, and instigated, also, it was said, by Mra Lyon, who furnished powder for the operation, » number of the young men of Pair Haven, who wero friends of Lyon and enemies of Cook, undertook, in the night-time, to undermine and lilow up Cook's office at Poultney; but be getting in teUigence of the plot, wns able to frustrate it. Somo of tho young men, however, who were engaged in it— among them Jeremy Dwyer, jr., — wero obliged to flee the Stato for thoir lib erty. Lyon being re-elected to Congress while in prison wns enabled, nt the expiration of his term of confinement, on the morning of Feb. I 9, 1799, to proclaim himself, immediately on hia exit, on bis way to Congress, and thus pro- teet himself from re-arrest, which had been contemplated by hia enemies. His journey to Philadelphia waa a triumphal procesaion through the several towns of the State, he be ing transported in a carriage drawn' by four horses, with tho American flag flying at the head of the procession. Mr. Hennessy buying of CoL Lyon, in May, 1794, 12 rods square on the corner north ofthe tavern-bouse, 6 rods from it, built a large dou ble house, or store, wbich formed the main building at a later day remodeled into a publio tavern by Royal Dennis. ilr. Hennessy seems to have been a man of much business, but not very succesafuL Be sides the forge fires which he bought of Col. Lyon at the beginning of the year, and the store whidh lie had built, in July, '95, he asso ciates himself with Jlr, Spooner in the publica tion of the " Fair Haven Telegraph." This he gives up thc next spring, and leases CoL Lyon's slitting-mill — selling his store, also, in July, '96, lo George Cadwell, Lyon's son-in- law of Hampton, N. T., who sold, in August, '97, to Isaap Culler and Steven Rogers, who sold, in JIarch. '98, lo John Taylor, of N. T.; by whom it was owned until 1804, and then sold to John Meacham. In 1798, b;th Mr. Hennessy's tan and nail er's shop, with his forge fires, were taken under au attachment. In June, 1795, Col. Lyon having previously built bis dwelling-house on the place where the Termont Hotel now stands, sells to David Mack of Middlefield, Mass., his tavern-house on the corner nnd 10 acres of land — the house beinsr at tbe time leased and occupied by Na thaniel Dickinson. It was sold by Mack, who never occupied it himself, to Dr. Simeon Smith, March 7, '98, and by him to Isaac Cutler, in 1803. In July Col. Lyon sells to Asa Smith and Heman Huffman his grist nnd saw-mill, and provides " tbat the saw-mill shall never at any time draw the water away from nor injure the paper-mill standing, or that may stand opposite to aaid mill. Nor shall the grist-mill take the water from the paper-mill to injure it in its mo tion any time from twelve o'clock at noon to twelve o'clock at night." There is to be allow ed no waste of water by leaky gates and flumes on either side. The ground in front of the mills is to be reserved as common ground for a mill- yard. FAIR HAVEN. 697 Ih August, 1796, having re-purobased the milla, Col. Lyon again aells one equal half of the two mills to Solomon Cleveland, of Hamp- ¦ton, N. Y. — Cleveland moving into town and re-building the mills, with Jonathan Orma for his millwright. Cleveland, in April, '98, sells his equal share to Pliny Adams of Hampton. Col. Lyon sells one-half the saw-mill, after 3 years, in '99, to Eliel Gilbert, of Greenfleld, Mass, — a brother of Maj. Tilly Gilbert — and 1 acre of land, including the house in which Clement Blakesley theu resided, which had been occupied by Silas Safford, Esq., at an ear lier day. Mr. Adams about this time sold his share of the mills to Stephen Rogers. Rogera sells his half of the saw-mill to Tilly Gilbert, in Septem ber ; and Lyon closes off the remaining share of the grist-njill to Nathaniel Dickinson. August. 1797, Lyon leases to Moses Scott of Waterford, N. Y., and James Lyon of Pair Haven, for 9 years, the saw-mill "now build ing" on the Upper Falls, over the iron-works, and all the pine timber on his land on the S. E.'ly side of Castleton river, and N. E. from the new bridge over his upper falls, with 9 years to cut it in. James Lyon, besides acting as a printer of his father's paper, is said to have been at one time superintendent of the paper-mill ; and again to have tried bis hand at selling his fa ther's iron — a work in which he was mainly successful in getting rid of a good sleigh-load of the iron, together with a valuable span of herses, without bringing home with him any appreciable equivalent. He is said to have married a worthy and beautiful young lady ia Waterford, N. Y., an'd to have resided at one time m the east part of the Boyle & White house, occupying the front for a printing-office, and having with him as apprentices two young men — Jacob Hoffman and Edward Ritchie. It is said, also, that the house at the foot of the hill, where Cyrus C. Whipple resides, was used for a 'printing-office. In which of the offices the '.' Scourge of Aristocracy" was published it is impoaaible to tell. Jamea Lyon built the houae which stood where John D. Goodwin now resides, previous to '98, and was postmaster here in January of that year. He commenced the publication of the Scourge in October, '98, continuing it one year. In November he acted as clerk or agent for his father ia a lottery acheme, and had a book store in town — perhaps at the Boyle & ¦White stand. His father had purchased at Rutland, of John Wood of Kingsbury, N. Y., formerly of Pittsford, Tt., the grant or charter for a lottery, paying $500 for the same. The scheme comprised oue prize of $1,000, " to bo paid in a house and farm of good land and con veniences, on the main road in Pair Haven ; one of $1,500, to be paid in a farm in West Haven, containing 500 acres, about five miles from WhitehaU, on East Bay ; and fifty ten dollar and six dollar prizes, lo be paid one-half in cash and one-half in books, at cash prices, at the book-store in Pair Haven," where the lottery is to be drawn, and where James Lyon is said to keep a complete assortment, and choice of books will be given. James Lyoa countersigns the tickets as clerk. Prom the lottery business CoL Lyon is said to have obtained the means lo pay his fine and costs, after his liberation from prison, and to have realized a surplus of $3,000. However this may be, it appears that at the expiration of hia aecond term in Congress, in the year 1800, his business in Termont, as well as his personal and political relations, were such that he did not deem it prudent to return hither to reside ; but, turning his feet westward, estab' lished himself near the Cumberland river, in Kentucky, at what is now Eddyville, Lyoa county. As he had done in Pair Haven, so here in his new home he engaged with his wonted en ergy in politics and buainess — taking out his family, transporting type and machinery on horseback over the Alleghany mountains, with which to eatabliah the first printing-office in Kentucky — persuading others to immigrate to his new abode, and using every meana to build up bis place. In 1802 he was elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1803 or '04 to Congress, where he remained by re-eleo- tion till 1810. In writing from Washington to judge With erell in January, 1805, he makes earnest inqui ry as to what had become of Stephen Rogers, and if he could nol obtain him to come to Ed dyville, both for Rogers' sake and his own, as he had 100 hides of leather, taken off his own cattle the previous summer, and tanned by a negro man, whom ho owned; but he would prefer Rogers' tanning and shoemaking, aa Rogers formerly worked for him. He wants y" Rogers, he says, to rise again in life, and em^ closed money to get him to tbe Monongahela river in March. He shall not remain, hesa^s, to the close of Congress, as he has more gunboats to build, and shall have to erect a forge to VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. make the iron for tbem in the summer. He wants a bloomor and refiner who will teach tbe ncgroL'H, Gen. Whitohouse, he says, is doing well, and wants his wife, "Patty," to come to Eddyville; and ho gives money and directions for ber to re move. He inquires about Ithamer Hoaford, Mrs. Beddow'a son, if he is worth encouraging to como to the Weat. He saya Jami.-s Lyon is ongiigcd in ship-building on hia own account, and thia huaineas haa made money circulate, and attracted many tradera to the place. He wants more ship-carpenters and joiners — in quires aliout hia friend Cutler— if he haa not got what is to be had of Dr. Smith's rolics, with which he could come to Kentucky? aaya he would do any thing in his power for bim, and " could 6x him in a atore or tavern." Alluding to hia lottery business, he says he haa sent money lo Boston to buy up those tick ets James sold there, and there are tickets yet at Baltimore — " haa not had time to look over tbe last year's packet, and dreads to do it — wishes he could have a more pleasant account of the business," etc. In another letter of a prior date, he says it would not be convenient for him to come to Termont this year, but " 1 wish you, seriously, to acquaint youraelf with the aituation of the lottery bu.siness ; see how many tickets friend Cutler has taken up — how many there are in the hands of others, who claim payment or are uneasy. Hyde will make a noise for nothing. I want much to get this business settled in a way that cannot be said to be injurious to my reputation ; nnd not being able, as I contem plated, lo go and finish the drawing of the lot tery makes me reflect again whether it is not best to buy in tbe two dollar prizes, and the two and threo dollar tickets that are out, for value received. Make no noise .about this; consult friend Cutler about it, nnd write roe what has becomo of my books at Rutland; lie bad charge of them.'' Jamos Lyon, ho snys, is \\-oith a good deal of money, by good luck and good nianiigoim'nt. Ill OrtobiT, 1798, Ciil. Lyon, " for the consid- nlioii of Iho fiiondsbip bo boro Iho town of Pair llnviii," doodod to tho lown livo iiiecos of land, "tho first bi'iiig an acre for a burying-ground, 1(1 be laid out wilhin ono year, including the graves iihoiuly miuio, on tho spot S. W.'ly from tho mroting-house," and " four six rods square piooca on the four noarost corners of my land to tho niLOting-house, and containing 96 rods, so as to make the Green 18 rods square, in cluding the highway.'' The 18 rods square Common covered the land on which the old meeting-house — now Dan Orm's dwelling-house — then stood, and the ground now occupied by the school and town- house, and that on which tbe Methodist church stands. August, 1799, Lyon aold to Eliel Gilbert of Brookfield, Mass., "all that part of a lot of land which I live on," the 2d division of Na than Allen's right, except what has been men tioned before ; also, the land which is now the public Park ; and, tbe same year, to Josiah Norton of Castleton, his paper-mill and 32 acres of land on the 1st and 2d divisions of his own right : and he also aold, while in Philadelphia, in Marcl^ 1 800, to Edward Douae of Dedham, Ma-s, hia slitting-mill and iron-works, and an extensive tract of land lying south and east of the river : and, in Novemt)er, closed off to Mr. Norton what remained to him iu the town, in cluding the saw-mill on the Upper Palls, at the expiration of Seott & Lyon's lease. Mr. Norton took up hia residence in 1800, in the house built by Jamea Lyon, east of the church, where he aucceeded Lyon aa the post master, and also kept a small stock of goods for sale. He waa town clerk in 1801, re elected in '02 and '03, but died suddenly of apoplexy, or disease of the heart, in March, '03. He was a man much respected. Tilly Gilbert, who returned to the town in 1799, first moved into and occupied the house of Boyle & White, opening a atore of goods in the west end. Upon Col. Lyon's removal from town he took up his residence iu the house vacated by Col. Lyon's family, where the Ver mont Hotel now stands — the place being then owned by his brother, Eliel Gilbert. Major Gilbert succeeded Mr. Norton as town clerk and in the post-office, which he kept in the old .store for about a year — being followed by An drew McKarland, who kept a store in the same place in ISOS — Maj. Gilbert aboui; that time creeling a store for himself, uear the place where John G. Pitkin now resides. Thus, within the village around the mills, at the close of the century, the property which was all owned by CoL Lyon in 1790-'91, had all changed hands : the iron works were owned by Edward Douae of Dedham, Mass., except the two south fires in the forge, which belong to William Lee of Poultney. Josiah Norton owned the paper-mill and lands south and west of it — tho saw-mill on the Upper Falla, and tho FAIR HAVEN. house and land east of tbe church and west of the Castleton road. Tilly Gilbert owned the lower saw-mill in company with his brother Ehel of Brookfield, Mass., who had a deed of all the land on tbe east side of the village, ex cept Boyle & White's store and 2 acres. Steph en Rodgers and Nathaniel Dickinson owned the grist-mill, and Rodgers had a place on the west side of the village. Dr. Smith of West Haven owned the tavern-house and land, and John Taylor of New York tbe Hennessy store north of the tavern. Paul Guilford, sen., came from Conway, Mass., in the fall of '98, and bought the place owned by John Brown, north of the village, near Mr. Whipple's. He was advanced in life, and died suddenly of heart disease, in the corn-field, June 20, ISIL Joseph Sheldon of Doraet purchaaed in Jan uary, '99, the right of Jonas Galusha, of his aon Joseph — the father of our present townsmen, Joiieph,. Harmon and John P. — came hither in the year '98, taking up bia abode on tbe land which he purchased, in part, of his father, in May, 1804, and partly of his father's heirs, in December, 1806. Having married Diadama Preston of Poultney, in the year 1800, he first settled in a log-house — afterward building him a frame-house oo the place which he occupied so many years, and where his son Harmon has recently erected a new residence. Bthiel Perkins of Derby, Ct., December, '95, bought of Levi Trobridge the 2d division of Oliver Sanford's right ; in '98, of Mosea Shel don of Rupert, the 2d and 3d div'ns of Jacob Eoback'a right ; and, in March, '99, of Beriah Rogers, the place on which Mr. Procter died, and where he made his home for some years- — selling the place, in 1806, to hia son, Roger Perkina. He is said to have been a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and that he was in the hattle of Bunker Hill. He married Esther Pox. He is said to have been deranged after he came to Fair Haven. He died here in 1826. In October, 1794, Curtis Kelsey, sen., peti tioned the Legislature, then in session at Rut land, " to establish a school district in Col. Ly on's vicinity, and relieve him — he being nearly the only farmer in the district, and having a large list — while Lyon's hands have no list, but many children, and Lyon, by hia influence over the listers, haa prevented any assessment of his forge, aaw, grist, and slitting-miUs. * ¦* Nei ther," he says, " have the merchants been as sessed who have stores of Lyon." Oct. 2, 1799, Michael Merritt, Philip Priest, Charlea McArthur, Isaac Cutler, John Brown, Nathaniel Dickinaon, Jonathan Orms, Timothy Goodrich and Ethan Whipple petition the Gen eral Assembly of the State, convened at Wind- sor, to be incorporated into a body politic, by the name of Pair Haven Library Society. The charter was granted Oct. 23, '99. Whether any action was ever taken under this charter we are not informed. THE IRON WORKS. Lyon built the dam on the Upper Palls to bring water to his iron-works in July, 1785. He must have built the works during the sea son, bringing bis machinery on wagons from Massachusetts. In October he petitioned the General Assembly of the State, which was then an independent sovereignty, to lay a duty of 2d per pound on naila coming into tbe State, to enable him to build hia worka and supply the Stale. The business was carried on here by CoL Ly on under various superintendents — Gen. David Erwin being remembered as, for a number of years the managing foreman or boss — until Ly on's removal to Kentucky in 1800. The busi ness appears to have been partly the mauufac- ture of axes, hoes and various agricultural im plements, but mainly the making of iron from the ore imported from abroad into nail-rods, the rods being manufactured into nails by hand. It was not until several years later that ma chinery was invented to cut the nails directly from the rolled plates. Col. Lyon ia reported to have kept a large number of men in employment about his works. In January, '94, he aold to William Hennessy the two south flies in his forge, a hammer, anvil and coal-house ; and, having decided to leave Termont, while at Philadelphia in March, 1800, he sold the remainder of his works to Edward Douse of Maaaacbusetta. The slitting-mill waa leased by John Brown, attorney for, Mr. Douae, to David Erwin, for 2 years — Erwin to pay for tbe use of the aame in iron rods as faat aa manufactured; but Er win doea not appear to bave retained it, and Mr. Douse leased the works to Dan Smith of West Haven, in July, 1801. Mr. Smith started the works, and finally purchased tbem of Douse iu July, 1803. In October, '07, Jacob Davy, who had come into towa in the spring of 18,04, and taken charge of the works for Mr. gtnith, purchased them of him. ,-' The works were burned down in November, 1815, and re-buUt by Mr. Davey. In May, '29 700 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Mr. Davey sold one-half interest in the works to Edmund Kingsland, Jonathan Capen and Jacob D. Kingsland, and they took charge of the business, making $500, each, in the first six months, and losing what they had made in tho second six months. Mr. Capen and Jacob Kingsland sold to Edmund Kingsland in the spring of '31. Mr. Capen hired the works one year, in '32, and made $1,000 iu running them. Mr. Kingsland sold to Mr. Davey, and Mr. Da vey offered them for aalo for $3,000. In 1838, Alonson Allen leased the works for 5 years ; and ran them till they were burned down a second time, in March, '43, Mr, Davey, with hia customary energy, re-built them the same season, and leased them to hia son-in-law, Artemaa S. Cushman, and hia aon, larael Davey, then of Castleton. Mr. Davey died in October, 1843, and in No vember, '45, the works were sold at auction to Artemas S. Cushman ; Israel Davey, adminis trator, deeding to him, June 26, '46, and Mr. Cushman conveyed back to Israel Davey an un divided three-fifths interest in the same. Mr. Davey bought out Mr. Cushman, Jan. 26, '53. In August, '59, he deeded one half interest to Benjamin S. Nichols of Whitehall, N. Y. Mr. Nichols deeded back to Mr. Davey, in August, '65, and Mr. Davey died in August, '69, sole proprietor of the works, which have been kept iu operation for the benefit ofthe estate byRu' fus C. Colburn. THE PAPERiMILL Waa started by Col. Lyon about 1790 or '91, His son James is reported to have had charge of it at one time, and they must have made the paper generally used, boih for writing and printing purposes, in the town and most of the country about. Wc have no information as to the men who were employed iu the mill while it was owned by Col. Lyon, but we have spec imens of the paper, both in blank books and printed sbeeta, which was manufactured during the period. Some of this ia very coar.se and muddy, and indicates the imperfection of thc hand process, or art of manfacture theu prac ticed. The mill was sold by Col, Lyon to Josiah Norlon, Esq., of Castleton, in September, 1790. . At Mr. Norton's doeease in 1803, it was set to y^ia oldest eon, Salmon Norton; aud by bim it waSt,sold to his brothor-in-law, Alexander Dun ehue "Kif Castleton, in 1801, by whom it waa rented,\in '05, to John Herring, Mosea Colton and Joel Bo.'kman — and they, after running one year, divideji lla^ir stock of paper on hand, Her ring and Colton taking their sharea south to Troy and New York, and Beaman selling hia in Montreal The mill being burned in March, 1806, Mr. Dunehue sold the site to Herring, Colton & Bea man, and they re-bnilt the mill Herring and Colton bought out Beaman in ApriL '11, and Herring sells to Colton, March, '13. Colton sold one h.alf the mill, in April, to George War ren. The mill was thus in the handa of Messrs. Colton & Warren from April, '13. In January, '19, they took David C. Sproat iato partnership, and conducted business under the firm name of Colton, Warren & Sproat for several years, en- gaging also iu distilling whi.«ky and selling merchandise. Warren & Sproat failing in 1S27, an assign ment of the mill and other property was made by Sproat, on the 5th of July (Warren having left town in the early morning of that day) to John P. Colburn, Jacob Davey, Barnabas Ellia and Harris W. Bates. The mill was ruu that season by H. W Bates & Co. It was deeded in May, '28, by Warren, who was theu in Al bany, and Sproat to William C. Kittredge, subject to a mortgage to Joel Beaman. Mr. Kittredge deeded to hia father. Dr. Abel Kit tredge of Hinsdale, Mass., in September; and he sold one half of it back to Sproat, in Octo ber, '29. It was burned while owned by them, J.an. 31, 1831, and in July they sold one-third inter est therein to Alonzo Safford, and re-built the mill In Auguat, '35, Abel Kitttredge conveya bia third part to his son William C, and by him it was sold in December, to Sproat & Saf ford. Mr. Safford aasigned the mill and property to Abraham Graves in October, 1843, and it waa run by hira till '50 — he seeming to succeed no better with the business than othera who had preceded him, although he was well reputed for business ability, and had accumulated prop erty in filrmiiig. Mr. Graves quitclaimed back to Mr. Sallbrd in February, '50. In May, Mr. Safford sold the whole to Albert Fuller of Mas- sachiKsctts. and Charles A. Sweet of Granville, N. T. Mr. Fuller carried it on for Fuller & Sweet until April, '54, when they sold to Nich olas, Daniel and George W. Huriburt. In Sep tember, '55, George W. deeded to Nicholas G., who deeded to DanieL January 9, '57, and by Daniel Hurlburt it was deeded the same day to Timothy Miller. Mr. Miller sold one undivided half, Sept. 11, '58, to James P. Brown of Hartford, by whom FAIR HAVEN 701 it was mortgaged to David D. Cole, Nov, 1, '58. Thia mortgage waa discharged Jan. 4, 1860, and Betaey and William Q. Brown, as adminiatra- torsofthe estate of James P. Brown, deeded the same undivided half in March, to William Miller. THE SCYTHE FACTORT. A building with a triphammer and anvil, for the manufacture of scythes, and used afterward for the manufacture of axes and hoea, was erect ed in the spring of 1808, by John Quinton and Thomaa Christie, in company with Joshua Quin ton, on or near the spot where uow the Union Slate Works stand. It has since passed from and to varioua parties. Associated witb the Quintons, who had built the blacksmith-shop where Henry Green now carries on business, and where they then em ployed several men, were John P. Colburn, Theodore Dowd, Thomas Blanchard and Spen cer Harvey. Mr. Dowd made hoes and axes, and is said to have been a superior workman in cast-steel. Mr. Blanchard came from Sutton, Mass., and Mr. Harvey states that he worked with him in the scythe-factory about the time of the war of 1813-14. Mr. Blanchard was a noted mechanic, and invented a nail-macbine for Jacob Davey. There have been several owners and occu pants since this company. CLOTH-DRESSING WORKS. January 25, 1808, Jaoab Davey sells to Seth Persona of Sudbury, and Horatio Poster of Hubbardton, a piece of land for the purpose of a clothier's works solely, and two-thirds of a site, with water power and privilege, under certain restrictions, for a fulling-mill and dye- house, to be built by the three in copartnership. The busineaa of fulling, coloring and dreasing cloth and coloring wool appears to have been carried on by the flrm of Davey, Persons & Pos ter until February, 1812, when Persons sells out to Mr. Davey his third interest. The business is said to have been very remunerative for some years — the price for fulling and finish ing cloth during the war of 1812 and '14 being 50 cents per yard. EIOHARD SUTLIFF'S PLACE, While owned by Maj. Gilbert, had a shop built on it as early as 1810, or earlier, which report says was used at different times as a silver smith shop, a harness-shop, a shoe-shop, a school-house and a carpenter's shop. It was Bold by Mr. Gilbert in March, 1811, to Clement Smith, whose wife was a daughter to Charles Rice, and a niece to Maj. Gilbert. Tbey both died on this place in '13, and Lewis Dickinson is said to occupy it in January, 1814. THE OLD HAT SHOP, Occupied by Timothy Ruggles in May, 1814, stood near the bank of the river where Lewis D. Maranville uow lives, and was started not long before by a son of the Rev. Mr. Kent of Benson, on land leased of Jacob Davey for $6.00 yeryear. The shop and dye-house were mortgaged to Allen Webster in August, 1815. It waa Bold by Joshua Quinton in September, 1818, to Isaac Cutler, and is said to have been removed at a later period by the sons of Dun can Cook, to a spot jast north of the Pish corn er, where it was occupied as a residence by Mrs. Darling in '37, and waa afterward burned down while occupied by Mrs. Bryant. DISTILLERIES. Distilling was extensively carried on in this town in former years. The difficulty and ex pense of transportation so far aa Troy — then the principal market for grains — rendered the grain products of the country of little value at home, and unless there could be a market for them the farmer had no means of purchasing the goods which the merchant might import. Accordingly "stills" were established, and their existence waa an evidence of business enter prise in a town. Erwin Safford, an early and enterprising merchant, purchased in June, 1818, a piece of ground near Mr. Church's tannery, on the side of the hill just back ef the old parsonage, and there erected a distillery. He carried on the business to a moderate extent for a number of yeara. Tbe diatillery — and the atore in which he traded, on the east side of the common — he sold to James Y. Watson in '19, who sold the store and distillery, in '21, to Mosea Colton and Hector H. Crane ; Mr. Colton and Mr. Crane running the distillery built by Mr. Parkill be yond the burying-ground on the West street, one or two years, about thia time, together with the Safford still which they owned. They sold their diatillery and store in 1823, to Col ton, Warren & Sproat — which firm did a large huaineas in diatilling whisky for several yeara; carrying on the store and the paper-mill al the aame time. They carried on biMiliesa until July, '27, when the company failed and made an aasignment of the store, distillery and storehouae to Joha P. Ciaiburn, Jacob 702 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Davey, Barnabas Ellia and Harris W. Bates. It is said they had 2,000 buabela of grain on hand at tho time of the failure. The property was afterward asaigned to Barnabas Ellia, and by him deeded back, in May, '28, to Warren & Sproat. The old Safford diatillery, west of the common, was burned down while occupied by ('niton, Warren & Sproat, about the winter of '24, but was immediately re-built — Iliram Shaw of Hampton doing the work. It was occupied until the summer of '27 — Alonzo Safford being the superintendent of the " atill." Tbe Lang- dona aro said to have taken down and removed the building, probably in the winter of '27 and '28 — after their purchase of Mr. Colton — to their land south of Mr. Ellia'. Tbe other distillery south of tho village waa run by the Langdons for a number of years. — Levi Smith and Sidney Safford are said to have been employed in it. A large number of hogs were annually fattened at thia diatillery., — Sometimes they were butchered in town ; some times they were driven to Whitehall and ship ped down the lake. The work was given up in '32. The old " still" was taken down and removed to East Poultney. A distillery waa erected by Elisha Parkill and Hector H. Crane, about 1820, just west of the old burying-ground. The distillery stood in the side of the hill south of the road, and Mosea Colton was associated with Mr. Crane in carrying it on in '21. They manufactured from 50 to 1 00 gallons of whisky per day, and consumed from 20 to 40 bushels of rye and corn, at the the same time keeping from 30 to 40 head of cattle on the premises ; since whieh the premises havo changed owners several times. A TOWN POOR-HOUSE, The only record we find of any effort to erect a town poor-house is in 1817, when tho article in the warning was " to take into consideration the expediency of erecting a work-house, direct the mode and mnnnor of building thp same, .and vote a tax to defray the expense thereof" A commitloo consisting of Eliaha P.-irkill and Mo ses Colton wna accordingly chosen to " confer with a commilloe from Poultney nnd Castleton concerning the building of a work-house.'' — Agnin, in March, '.'iO, Tilly Gilbert, Heman Stniiiuird and .lohn .lones, were appointed a committee " to confer with any committee whieh mny bo appointed in any of the ad joining towns relative to building a poor- house." That anything Wrther than this was ever done we do not learn. The custom aeems to have continued for many years of providing for the poor at the town meeting, by bidding them off to the low est bidder, for board and care. THE PARK. The beginning of the present public park waa made by Col. Lyon, who was, in some sense and measure, the founder of the town. Ee fiist gave to the town '• five pieces of land, the firat being an acre for a burying-ground. The other pieces being four six rods square pieces on the four nearest corners of my land to the meeting-house." In March, 1805. the town voted that the middlo school district " bave liberty to set a school-house on tbe publio ground near the meeting-house, the spot to be established hy a committee to consist of Joel Hamilton, Sam uel .Stannard and Silas Safford." About 1853, a small park was built on the north side of the Lyon tavern-house, and a movement was aet on foot to erect a park cn the common — the ladies holding a fair the fol lowing winter at tho tavern-houae occupied by Mr. Adams, and realizing some $160.00 for that purpose. A subscription waa Ukewise made by the citizena, and a portion of the same made available toward the expense of laying out and building the fence around tbe park. A " Park Association" was organized in tbe spring of 1855, membera thereof paying one dollar annually for the purpose of planling trees in the grounds. But few meetinga of this as sociation were held. Officers were last chosen in April, '60, and action was taken toward re moving dead trees, and filling their places with living ones. Under tbe charter granted by the Legislature in October '05, tbe village corporation has full authority and power over the park, side- walk.', streets, ic. TILLAGE ORGANIZATION. The village of Fair Haven was first laid out and established Deo. 21, 1820, under a general law of tbe Stale, by Isaac Cutler, John P. Col burn and Harvey Church, selectmen of the town at tbe time. We do not learn that any other action in rolerence to a village than a formal survey was taken by the citizena of Pair Haven, until the fall of 1865, when the Legislature pasaed an act of incorporation, erecting a tract of one square mile into a corporate village; and the inhabitanta of the same, at a meeting held in the hall over Adams' store, Dec. 4, 1865, by a vote of 71 to 52, adopted the charter; and the village has since, annually, at the meeting on the first Monday in December, elected its board of officers. THE TOWN HALL. A building for a town hall and school-house has been erected this present season. At the opening ofthe towu meeting of March, 1861, an adjournment of 30 minutes was made, and the Inaugural Address of President Abraham Lincoln was read by H. G. Wood, Esq., as a dedication of tbe new hall. BURIAL GROUNDS. One acre of ground, for the first, as we bave seen, was given by Col. Lyon. Jan. 29, 1819, Maj. Tilly Gilbert, for love and good wiU, deeds the town one acre and 60 roda of land, reserv- 'ing the right to pasture the same with sheep during his natural life — otherwise to be used exclusively for a burying-ground. In the March meeting of 1818 it was voted to raise a tax of one cent on the dollar of the list of 1817, "for the purpose of surveying, cleaning and fencing the burying-ground ;" and "that each one shall have a right to pay his tax in such materials as may be wanted for tbe purpose, if paid by tbe first of June next, or in grain by the 15th of the same month." At an adjourned meeting on the !3th of April this vote was reconsidered — and it was voted " that the note of $40 again.-st Joseph Brown, and the note of $10 against Tilly Gilbert, now in the treasury, be appropriated by the select men to the purpose of fencing the burying- ground ;" and it was further voted that the selectmen proceed to fence tbe burying-ground, and draw on the treasurer for any expense over and above the $50. At the March meeting of 1823 it was voted that the selectmen "be di rected to lot out the burying-ground." At an adjourned meeting in March, 1827, Dr. William Bigelow was chosen a committee " to repair the burying-ground," and a sum not ex ceeding $10 was appropriated for the purpose. The selectmen were directed at the March meeting, in '42, " to take measures to prevent the burying-yard from washing away. " Great efforts were made for aeveral years to stay the constant sliding down ofthe earth and washing away of the graves in the back p.art of tbe yard, but all to no purpose : the waste was mevitable ; and while some graves were carried away into the river, othera were carefully remov ed to a aafer locality. At length the town voted, in March, '52, to purchase 2 acres of land oppo- FAIR HAVEN. 703 site the old ground, at the price of $80 por acre, for a new cemetery — the selectmen to sell off 1 acre in private individual lota, and the remaining acre to bo uaed for a public burial- ground." A committee of two waa chosen March 8, '53, to " fence, grade aud pull stumps from the new grave-yard, and lay out the east half into lots. Again, in 1854, a committee was chosen to appoint a day and give notice when they would dispose of the lots in the east part of the cem etery, allowing the inhabitants lo bid for choice. The committee appointed at the annual meeting in 1870, purchased 22 acres for a new cemetery. Mrs. Hannah H. Dyer had left a legacy of $1,000 to the town for the adornment of the cemeteries, which bequest the town voted to accept, at an adjourned meeting, the 10th of May following. THE SLATE BUSINESS. The business of quarrying slate in Western Termont was begun in this town by Alonaon Allen and Caleb B. Eanney, in the fall of 1839, on the ledge which ia nearly in front of Mr. Ranney's dwelling-house, where the Boston company ia now working. The opening was begun with a view to find ing ciphering or school-slates ; but the materi al proving loo hard for that purpose, the enter prise was suspended, or temporarily abandoned. Thomas Shaw, who had previously resided in Hoosick, N. Y., and been acquainted with the slate quarried there, examined the slate found on Scotch Hill, and adjudged them too hard to be worked for any purpose. A similar opinion was expressed by a Mr. Shrives, from Hoosick, who visited the quarry in June, 1845. In thia latter year Ira Allen and Adams Dut ton made a small opening on the land of Elijah Esty ; but finding nothing valuable soon quit it. Alonson Allen, however, having perfected machinery for the manufacture of ciphering slates, opened a quarry, thia aame year, on the land of Oliver Proctor, a little N. W. of Mr. P's house, from which he was able, during the next 3 years, to produce a large amount of ci phering school slates, besides several lots of roofing slate, wbich were made about '47 ; the first lot being taken to Whitehall and used on a house there. The first roof covered with alate in the town waa that of the horse-barn and shed of Jeffer aon Barnes. Slate were alterwarda laid on Mr. Davey's blacksmith shop and store, and in 1850, on the railroad depoL 704 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Mr. Alien h.id a slate-factory on the spot where the nail-factory now stands, in which were finished and shipped away to market, on the average, about 600 framed slales per day; George G. I'obb, Royal R. Stetson, Marvin Car penter, Edward S. Bascom, David Standish, Simeon Cobb and othera, including tbe writer of this, being employed at varioua timea as workmen in the factory. The production of sehoohslates exceeding the market demand, and not proving sufficiently remunerative, it was given up by Mr. Allen in '4S, ami he turned hia attention once more to the quarry on Mr. Ranney's land, and to the developmont of the roofing-slate interest. It was proved by the opening of various oth er quarries about this time, that the Taconic ledges of Western Termont were susceptible of manufacture into roofing material. Adams Dutton and Royal Bullock, enterprising resi dents of Pair Haven, worked an opening and reade slate at Cedar Point, on the north shore of Lake Bomoseen; and Frank W. Whitlock, a resident of Castleton, found a quarry which he worked in Caatleton, a little eastward ofthe Fair Haven town line, ond in tbe vicinity of tbe present " Eagle Quarry." Mr. Allen, leasing an acre of land of Mr. Ran ney, in M.ay. '48, then really commenced the manufacture of roofing-slate in the tewn. He produced about 500 squares in tbe year '49 These were tbe purple slate. In 1850 the bu siness received a very decided impetus by the arrival of a number of intelligent Welshmen in town, who bad been accustomed to the working of the slate quarries in Wales and in Penn.syl- vania. The first Welshman of whom we hear in connection witb the quarries, was John Hum phrey, now of New Canton, T.i., who is said to have worked on the Whitlock quarry in '49. He is said to have worked with Ira .\llea at slating roofs. In July, 1850, William Parry, who is now a citizen of the town, John M. Jones, who af terwards resided in town, nnd Moses Jones, camo from Northampton county in Penii.sylva- ria and eommenced to work for Mr. Allen on tbe Scotch Hill quarry, on the flrst day of August. Owen (iwen.s and others went to work about this timo on the Whitlock quarry in Castleton; and from Ibis date the sLato business haa con tinued steadily to increase — large numbera of Welah qiiarrymen, experienced in the produc tion and manufacture of alate in the old coun try, coming in and contributing of their indua try and labor lo the wealth of tbe place. Mr. Allen purchased an additional acre of land of Mr. Ranney in '51, and continued working it until '58, when be sold it to William Hughes and Owen Owens. In the early apring of 1851, Hugh W. and John J. Williams, cousins, together with Da vid S. Jonea, William Price, John Thomaa and Wm Prichard, came to Fair Haven from Guil- Pjrd, Tt. and began quarrying on Mr. Ranney's farm. They flrst leased of Mr. Ranney 2 1-2 acres next south of and adjoining Mr. Allen's quarry — they to pay Mr. Ranney 25 cents for every square of slate, or .$2,000 for the land, wilhin 5 yeara. They obtained good slate in 2 montha from tbe time they commenced un covering. In the fall of 1851 they purchased 2 acres of Mr Ranney lying next north of Mr. Allen's quarry, on which a New York firm had worked for a short time. Having made various im provements in derricks and dwellings, the Wil- liamsts sold an undivided half interest in their property to David Tillson of Woburn, and P. L. Cushman of Boston, Mass., and the business was carried on by them till '57, when Tillson having bo'jght out Cushman, sold his interest to Asa Wilbur of Boston. Tbe Williamsons transferred their interest to Israel Davey and Benj. S. Nichols, in '57. Mr. Wilbur soon after sold to Wm. Hughes, J. Nelson Proctor and Benjamin WiUiams. Mr. Proctor sold to Hughes and Williams after one year, and the quarry was then divided, Mr. Hughes selling his portion, after a short time, to Ellis Roberts, Henry Jones, Hugh lewis, John H. Williams and Wm. Perry. They worked their division until they sold tho same tothe present Boston company in 1S65. Mr. Benjamin Williams bad made a previous pur- cbns.^ of Mr. Ranney of 7 1-2 rods wide, ex tending eastward from Mr. Allen's quarry to the highway, in November. 18,'iS, from which he took out 1,200 squares of slate tbe first year, and over 2,000 squares each year thereafter, until he sold to the Boston company in 1865. Mr. Hughes having divided with Mr. Owens, the acre purchased by tbem of Mr. Allen, in l.'^35, Mr. Owens sold his part to Messrs. Davey and Nichols, and that belonging to Hughes waa sold by him, in conjunction with what he had purchaaed of Mr, Wilbur, to Ellia Eoberts and others, from whom it paaaed to ita present owners, the Boston company. Thia company purchasing Messrs. Davey and Nichols' interest became the sole proprietors of this extensive quarry, and bave produced from it a large FAIR HAVEN. 705 quantity of slate — the average amount produc ed since 1866 being 7,500 squares per year, and the quarry being now in order to produce 12, 000 squares per year. John C. Smith is the present efficient superintendent. The next largest quarry ia towa is that opea- edby Aloasoa AUen, Esq., on the " Capen farm," purchased by him of Mr. Capen, in November, 1851, and now owned and worked by tbe '¦ Fair Haven Marble and Marbloizing Slate Company' ' for the production of slabbing ma terial for their mill. This quarry waa started by Mr. Allen about 1851, and worked a num ber of years for roofing slate, employing about 20 men, and producing nearly 4,000 squares per year for the first 6 yeara. The slate are purple color, variegated with green, and are deemed a superior quality. Mr. Allen sold an interest in the quarry, in 1869. to Ryland Han- gor, Jamea Pottle, Ira C. Allen and M. D. Dyer, who. together with himself, compose the Pair Haven Marble and Marbleizing Slate Company, and run the quarry in connection with tbeir extensive slate-mill in the village. Beaides this main quarry near the N. W. corner of the Capen farm, Mr. Allen has two other valuable openings lying over the hill to the south, on thia same farm ; one made by John D. Wood, about the year 1855, and yielding about 300 squarea, but waa abandoned on account of the water, and another more recently opened which promisee to be very profitable. A quarry was opened by Royal Bullock on land owned by him on Scotch Hill, in the fall of 1850, and was worked through the summer of 1851, and was sold by bim to Messrs. Myers & Utter, of Whitehall, in the fall of 1852. It haa been worked al varioua times, but has final ly been abandoned. In February, 1853, Asa B. Poster of Weston, Tt., deeded the Keyes' farm, on Scotch Hill, then occupied by Mr. Keyea, and comprising 100 acres, to Asa WUbnr of Boston, and Row land Owens, excepting one acre on the east side of the highway which be had deeded to Hugh anl John J. William'^, and on which they had erected dwelling-houses. A quarry was opened on thia farm by Mr. Owena and John Hughes, and worked for one or two seaaona. Another opening waa made in 1854, and dwell ing-houses were erected west of the present Scotch HiU School-House. Thia. also, waa abandoned after one or two seasona of trial. — • Richard Williama is said to have worked this quarry one season, about 1856. The Sheldon quarry, which has proved to be a valuable vein of slate, lying on Mr. Sheldon's farm at the base of Scotch Hill, and north of Mr. Ranney's land, was opened in 1853 by EUia Roberts, Richard Hughes and Evan E. Lloyd, to whom it waa leased in August of this year, for a term of 15 years, " If they should elect to hold the same so long," on the terms and conditions that they should pay nothing for the first 200 squares, but tbat they should pay 50 cents per square on every 200 squares pro duced thereafter, and Mr. Sheldon should draw the aame to the railroad depot in Pair Haven, for one ahilling per square. Ellia Lloyd, Hugh Jones and Evan Jones are said to have been associated with the management and working of this quarry for a time. Richard Hughes sold out to Richard Roberta in June, 1854, and Ihey were all succeeded by Evan D. Jones, who obtained a new lease of the quarry from Mr. Sheldon in February, 1859, for 10 yeara from Sept. 1, '58. Mr, Jones took into copartnership Christopher M. Davey of Rutland, a son of Ja cob Davey, Esq , and, by drifting into the hill southward, they produced a large amount of valuable slate during the last years ofthe lease. The quarry known as the Lime Kiln quarry, near the town line toward West Castleton, was commenced at an early period on land of Ar nold Briggs: Mr. Biiggs leasing I acre and l-4th for the purpose, iu October, 1851, to Pat rick McNamara and Thomas Bulger, John Mur- fee and John Kelley. They were to have the property forever, so long as they should pay fifty dollars per year every three months in merchantable slate at $3.00 per square, or $12. 50 in money, as the party of the second part might elect. Patrick McNamara sold out to the others, and in May, '53, Mr. Bulger assign ed the lease tolsrael Davey and Rufus C. Col burn. They assigned it to William Hughes in October, '55 : Mr. Davey having purchased of Mr, Briggs an addition to tbe original lea,se. By Mr. Hughes it was sold to Benjmin P. and Robert Morris Copelaud, in Augu.st, '58, and Mr. Brigga deeda to them, in the aame month, aU the land connected with it which waa deeded by John Bilhngs to Elihu Wright, jr., in Nov., 1831. The quarry waa worked by them a few years and abandoned. Mr. Copelaud haa recently purchased the Harvey lot, so called, lying next north of thia quarry, on which he has erected, in company with Benjamin Williams, a steam saw-mill, and ia cutting off a large amount of valuable lum ber, anticipating a valuable vein of alate on the land when the lumber ia cleared away. 706 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. In December, 1851, Arnold Briggs leased to Wm. Hughes for 99 years, 3 acres of land fjr a slate quarry, on the lower and west side of the road beyond or north of Jlr. Sheldon's quaiTy ; Mr, Hughes to jiny $50. the first year, and $60. each year IhcrcaftcT. Nothing further waa done towarda developing a quarry at this plaei,'. Juno 1, 1852, Mr. Brigga leased an aero of land for a alate quarry, sonth of his houae, and e.'isl of the highway, to Jamea Rhine and Eben Jackson. Jackson appears to have been super seded or displaced by ono John Sullivan, Vjy whom, with Rhine, somo 200 or 300 squarea of slate Were taken out and sold to Israel Dnvey- Kvaii E- Lloyd, Ellis Lloyd and Richard Lewis purchased Rhine and Sullivan's claim, and Hen ry Jones, Richard Lewis and Ellis Lloyd took a new lease of Mr. Briggs in April, 1854, but soon abandoned the quarry after taking out about 500 squarea of slate. Mr. Brigga leased the quarry again in December, 1863, to Ryland Hanger and Evan E. Lloyd, who worked it for a time in quarrying mill stock, but found the material too hard, and too far away, and aban doned it. In March, 1865, John J. Williams and Henry C. Nichols purchased of John Balis, of Benson, the 130 acres of tbe old Appleton farm, long owned by Hezekiah and Harvey Howard, and occupied by Ralph Perkins, on Scotch Hill, and commenced opening a quarry on the same, southward of the quarries of the Boston com pany. About the same time they conveyed one third part of the farm and quarry to Henry G. Lapham of Brooklyn, N. Y., and formed a sopartnership as "Williams, Nichols & Co." Mr. Nichols sold his share of the property to Mr. WiUiams in July foUowing. April 10, 1867, Mr. WiUiama conveyed to Wellington Ketehum one equal undivided fonrtb part of the land embracing the quarry on Scotch Hill. Ho also deeded to. Lapham, on tho llth of ApriL an additional sixth part of the farm on Scotch IliU — he nnd Lapham forming n copartnorsliip for the manuliu'ture of shito niaiitles, billiards, tilo, etc., uiulrr the nnine of " Union Shilo Company." The quarry of the eninpany on Scotch lliU nol proving a feasible and prolilablo one, wna aoon abandoned; and tlid ciinipany now under tbo elBeient manage ment of Aaron R. Tail, Esq., has obtained a supply of alate material from iho valuable slate beds of C. M. Davey and Evan D. Jones, in the south-west part of Castleton, nnd is doing an extensive aud profllablo business in manufac turing, furnishing employment to about 30 per sons at the mill, besides some 20 more engaged by Soth N Peck in the process of marbleizing at the aame place. The business of marbleizing slate in the town was commenced in the spring of 1859 by James Coulman and Ryland Hanger, in the building which had been occupied as a woolen factory by Alphonso Kilbourn, opposite tlio marble mill. The lower or basement room was used by Isaac T. MiUikin for the manufacture of mantle stock, and Measra. Coulman and Han ger occupied the upper rooms, or two stories, in finishing mantles, table-tops, &c , from slate and marble. Mr. Coulman sold out to Mr. Hanger in the summer of '62, aud the business was carried on to an increased extent by Mr. Hanger alone for a number of years, he buying the mill of Ira C. Allen, with certain privileges of water, in the summer of 1866, and selling a fonrtb of the same to James Pottle in Novem ber following. By them the business was continued, they employing about 6 i men in various depart ments, tUl the factory was burned, January 12, 1869. In February a company consisting of Messrs. Hanger & Pottle, Alonson Allen, Jt. D. Dyer and Ira C. Allen, was organized under the tills of " Tbe Fair Haven Marble and Marbleized Slate Company :" and tbe large and valuable slate quarry of Alonson Allen, ou the Capen farm, so called, was united with the mill, which at once was rebuilt and greatly enlarged. Business was resumed iu the miU in April, and the company employed in the mill and at the quarry 1 15 persons during the season. The Kearsarge Steam Slate Works, situated near the railroad depot, were erected by Simeon Allen and DeWit Leonard, in the summer of 1 Si5S. Thoy are now owned and run by Mr. Allen, who employs about 20 men in the man ufacture of mantles, table tops, biUiards, &c. The process of marbleizing was commeiiceii in tbe second story of tbe building, by Patrick Burke and Simon H. Myers, in the spring of 'r.9- It is now carried on by Mr. Burke and A. L. Kellogg. A quarry was opened by Norman Peck m tho fnll of '68, on land leased of Otis and John W. Eddy, a little S. E. from the railroad depot. Mr. Peek re-leased the quarry to Messrs, A. b. Kellogg and Wra. Perry, in the apring of '69 ; Kellogg afterwards buying out Perry, and sel ling a half intereat to E. D. Humphrey. By them the quarry was re-leased to Messrs. Sher- FAIR HAVEN. 707 idan and Young, in the spring of '70. The production has been mostly mill stock, used by the Kearsarge Steam Slate Works. THE MARBLE BUSINESS. The business of sawing marble in town w.^.s begun in the Erll of '45, by WiUiam C. Kittredge, Alonson Alien and Joseph Adams, under the firm name of " Kittredge, Allen & Adams ;" Mr. Kittredge remaining connected with the firm only till October, '46, after which time the business was conducted bv Messrs. AUen & Adams until '52. The company firat purchased a waterfall and miU-site of Ira Leonard, in December, '44, on the spot where the railroad now crosses the State line. About the same time they con tracted with Wm. P. Barnes of West Rutland to supply them with blocks of marble for sawin,?, to the amount of 20,000 feet of 2-inch slabs for the flrst year, beginning Oct. 1, '45, and 30,000 feet for each of the next 2 years. Finding it possible to create a mill-power in the village by cutting through the peninsu lar or intervale belonging to Alonzo Safford, below and west of the paper-mill, they purchas ed of Mr. Safford about 6 acres of land, and proceeded immediately to erect a dam and mill. By turning the water into a simple trench in a soft, graveUy soil, a channel was speedily made, about 10 feet of fall obtained, and by sinking the river bed below the mill this fall haa been increaaed. The first mill, with 8 old-style, pendulum ganga, built by Hiram Shaw of Hampton, was started in October, '45. In 'Sl the mill waa enlarged by an addition of 4 ganga, and the penduluma were replaced hy the more modern and improved machinery of pulleys and belts. In March, 1845, the company obtained a lease of 3 acres of land for a marble quarry, of Ebenezer Goodrich of Weat Rutland : Allen & Adams purchaaed tbe same in September, '51. of Lorenzo and Charles Sheldon, David Morgan and Charies H. Slason. The opening of the quarry was begun under contract for 10 years, by Wm. P. Barnes, in '50. The marble was first made use of in the fall of '51. Mr. Barnes worked it only about 7 years, after which it was carried on by Joseph Adams and Ira C. Allen until June, '68, when they aold it to Wm. Clement, Perrand Parker and E. P. Gilson. Up to the opening of the railroad in the fell of 1849, the marble waa drawn from the quar ry to the mUl by teams ; Mr. Wm. Clement and a Mr. Goi'bam having a contract for the drawing for a number of years. Prom the mUl the marble was transported by wagons lo Whitehall, and there re-loaded and shipped by canal to all parts of tbe country. The business made a large and remuuerativo demand for labor, furnishing employment for about 25 men ; and, notwithstanding the losses of the first 2 years, occasioned by the sawing of poor marble, was tlie means of bringing into the town aud distributing much wealth among the inhabitants. Tbe amount of marble sawed and aent away ranged from 100,000 to 200,000 feet a year. In 1852 Messrs. AUen & Adams took into partnership Ira C. Allen, and united with their business the store which had been carried on by Messrs. A. & I. C. Allen, on the corner now owned by Augustus Graves — the style of the new company being Allen, Adams & Co. In 1854 Mr, A. Allen sold his interest to Mr. Adams and Ira 0. AUen — the flrm then becom ing Adams & Allen, and continuing as such un til the fall of '69, when Mr. Adams purchased the mill and other property in town, and the business is now carried on by Joaeph Adama & Son. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OP PAIR HATEN. The firat meeting to consider the expediency of establishing a bank in Fair Haven was held in Adama & Allen's haU, Jan. 20, 1864 — Alon son Allen, chairman, A. N. Adama, aec, and Alonson Allen, P. W. Hyde, Joseph Adams, B. S. Nichols and Corril Reed were choaen to draw up and circulate a paper for sul)scriptions of stock — Capital to be $100,000. The committee reported 160 shares subscrib ed — 50 each by Joseph Adama and Ira C. Al len ; 25 each by B. S. Nichols and AUen Pen- field, 10 by .Zenas C. Ellis ; and Jan. 30th 50 more were subscribed. And at an adjourned meeting, Feb. 7th, Hon. Merrill Clark of Poult ney being present, and proposing to assist in forwarding tbe enterprize, the individuals above named, together with others, subscribed for the shares of the capital stock to the amount of $76,000; Mr. Adams taking 100; Mr. Alien 90; Mr. Nichols and Mr. Penfield each 50; Mr. EUia 70; Joseph Sheldon 100; Merritt Clark 100; MaroiUian Maynard 10; E. S. El lia 10; Norman Peck 15; C. S. RumaeySO; Myron M. Dikeman 20 ; and others more or less, sufficient to insure the exiatence of the bank aa an inatitution of the town. First board of directors: Joseph Sheldon, VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Zenas C. EULk, Ira C. Allen, Juaeph Adams, Pitt W. Hyde, Charies Clark, John Balis, Ben jamin S. Nichols and Chauneey S. Rumsey. Joseph Sheldon, president ; Merritt Clark, (•a-^bior, and Cli.'irles Clark, teller. The bank v/as opened in May, in the small building owned by .Vlonson Alien, on the south ,sido of the park, where it waa kept until Feb ruary, 1870, when the new bank building, on the eaat aido of the park being completed, the business of the bank was removed to ita pre- ent place. Thia new building ia aubslantially built of brick, iron and marble, two stories high, and haa one of Lillie'a best bank safes, inside a heavy wrought iron vault, and ia pronounced aa secure aa any bank vault in tho Sl.ito. Samuel W, Bailey, tbe present ca=hier, suc ceeded Mr. Clark iu October, 1805. LITERARY AND LIBRARY SOCIETIES. Besides the movement made in 1799, under which books are said to have been procured, a library association was formed in tbe town in 1826, consisting of 100 shares at $2, per share, and several hundred volumes w^re purchased, some of which are still in existence. Mr. Kit tredge waa librarian the first 12 to 15 years. A number of the present inhabitanta were share-owners in thia library; but the hooka be ing, many of tbem, of a too metaphysical and theological character, the interest in them was not enduring, and the library at length became scatlered and lost. Dr. Thomas E. Wakefield was also several years librarian. An agricultural library of about 100 volumes, including a set of Appleton's new American (cyclopedia, waa establisbed in 1863, by an as sociation of 36 shareholders, who paid each $5, per share. This library contains many valua ble scientific books, representing the most ad vanced knowledge of agriculture and whatso ever concerns the former's avocation. Young men's debating societies havo lieeii organized and carried on successfully through a number of .sen.sons, wilhin the 25 years pnat. A young man's " Leelnre Club" wna formed by Ion young men of the town, in Novemlier, '64, for tbo puriHwn of inaliluling a couree of lyce- um lecluros nl the town hall, by somo of the proniinciit literary and public men of the country. Tbo course was opened on the 10th of De cember by J. R.iiilmoro, (Edmund Kirke,) who spoke of '• JclV. Davis of Richmond." The course was uot so well patronized as ex pected, and tbe members ofthe " Club,'' among whom were Henry C. Nichols, Abraham C. Wicker, John J. WUliams, Wm. Pitkin, Leon ard J. Stow, Edward L. Allen, H, T. Dewey and A. N. Adams, sustained a loss of something over $100. Another course of lectures waa instituted by a union of many of the citizens, ^nd a sale of season tickets, in the winter of 1866 and '67. ODD FELLOWS. A lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellow?, named '' Eureka Lodge No. 22," was instituted at Fair Haven, June 3, I'^ol, con sisting of 10 members, into which three others were initiated, and three admitted hy card, on the 24tb of June. The lodge held its meetings in a hall fitted up by its members, in the east end of Leonard Williams' building, now Mr. Graves', untU 1S55, when the meetings were held for about one year in the haU built by Messrs, Adama & Allen, over Mr. Adams' brick atore. The laat member initialed, making in aU .oo, was in December. 1S53. The Past Grands were I. C, Allen, T. E. Wakefield, Jo seph Adams, M. B. Dewey, I. Jones, X. Jenne, G. W. Huriburt and H. M. Shaw. The system of paying benefits, which was primarily the cause ofthe suspension ofthe or der, having been abolished, an effort was made in the winter of '60, by Grand Commissioner B, W. Dennis, son of Royal Dennis, formerly of Pair Haven, to revive and reinstate " Eureka Lodge No, 22," and a dispensation was obtain ed from the Grand Lodge for the purpose; but there has not been sufficient interest on the part of tbe ancient members to aecure the re vival of the order in the town. THE JIASOXS. The lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted JIas ter Masons in Fair Haven, now existing and known as '¦ Eureka Lodge, No. 75," was begun under dispensation from the Grand Lodge, in June, 1806 ; holding its first regular communi cation on June 6, A, L. 5S66. The charter was granted Jan. 10, '67, to 3G members of the or der residing in and near Fair Haven — Simeon Alien being tbe first Master, Edward W. lid dell the first Senior Warden, and Hamlin T. Dewey the first Junior Warden. The number of Master Masons connected with the lodge, Jan. 1, 1870, was 106. A Lodge of Mark Master Masons existed in Pair Haven at a much earlier date. It was called "Morning Star Mark Lodge, No. 4," and was first convened at tbe lodge room of E. Ash ley, in Poultney, Feb. 20, 1810, under a charter FAIR HAVEN. 709 or warrant from the Grand Royal Aroh Chapter of the State of Termont. Its officers were " E. BueU, W. M., Pliny Adams, S. W., and T. WU- mot, J. W." At this first meeting Wm. Miller, then of Poultney, afterwards of Hampton, N. Y., and Joel Beaman, au early resident of Fair Haven, were among the number proposed for membership. This Lodge appears to bave been the natural Buceeasor of Aurora Mark Lodge, No. 2, inati- tuted at Poultney under a warrant from Auro ra Lodge, No. 25, May 4, 1797 ; the officers in stalled having been chosen at a meeting held at Peter B. French's hotel, iu Hampton, in April A. L. 5797; as follows : "Peter B. French, W. M., A. iiurry, S. W., J. Stanley, J. W., and David Erwin of Fair Haven, Treasurer." Ith- amar Hebard was a member of this lodge, as was also Abijah Peet of West Haven. The meetings of the lodge were held a part of the time in Hampton, and a part of tbe time in Poultney. A new dispensation was obtain ed in January, 1800, and the number of tbe lodge waa changed — it being from this time "Aurora Mark Lodge, No. 16." The meetings were only held occasionally — the laat one being ia May, 1805. Morning Star Lodge auficeeding in February, 1810, the meetings were held at Poultney fre quently, and a large number joined it ; among whom were John Herring, Royal Dennis, John P. Colburn, Wm J. BiUings and Barnabas El ba of Fair Haven, and Jona. Orma and Oliver Church of West Haven. At the meeting held on tbe first Monday in February, 1818, it waa voted tbat tbe lodge be removed to Pair Haven, and Samuel Martin was appointed a committee to inform the G. H. Priest of the removal On the 16th of March, " agreeably lo the dispenaation of the G. H. Prieat,'' Morning Star Mark Lodge No. 4 convened at Pair Haven. The meetinga were held in the ball-room of Roy al Dennia' hoteL John P. Colburn waa W. M., Barnabas Ellis S. W., Thomas Criatie J. W. ; and we flnd the names of membera witb whieh we are familiar, as follows : Moaea Colton, M. Hickok, R. Perkina, H. H. Crane, Stephen S. Boaworth, Jamea Y. Watson, George Warren, Elisha Parkill, Chauneey Trobridge, D. C. Sproat, M. H. Kidder, ApoUos Smith, Samuel ¦Wood, Charies Wood, J. Quinton, Jr., H. W. Bates, 0. Maranville, Jacob WiUard, John Bea- "lan ; and among membera from other towns, Philo Hoaford and Samuel P. Hooker of Poults ney, and Philip Pond of Castleton. The lodge met several times a year at Dennis' lodge-room. From January, 1823, to February, '26, the meetings were at John Seaman's house — he having succeeded Mr. Dennia in the hoteL The last three meetings of which we have a record were held at " J. Greenough's Inn," in November, 1827 — January and March, 1828. The lodge seems to have been very prosper ous, and to bave received many new members, even to the last, notwithstanding many, unable to endure the storm of anti-masonic persecution which then raged, withdrew and were discharg ed at their own request. The lodge appears to have gone down amid the waves of an angry public prejudice. THE GOOD TEMPLARS. The Fair Haven Lodge, No. 92, L 0. of G. T., waa chartered Dec. 4, 1868, and organized Dec. 18, in Adams' HaU, with 36 charter members; A. N. Adams being the firat W. C. T., and Em ma T. Chase the first W. T. T. The lodge has steadily grown in strength, interest and influ ence, and now numbera about 100 male mem bers, and 60 females. The chair of W. C. T. has been credilably fllled by Thomaa E.Wake field and John W. Eddy. Eryri Lodge, No. 129, was chartered Feb. 3, 1870; Rev. R. L. Herbert flrat W. T. T., and Miss Loisa WUUams, first W. T. T. The lodge numbers at this time (June 1, 1870) 80 mala members, and 32 females, and is in a very flour ishing condition. The two lodges — Eryri lodge among tbe Welah, and Pair Haven lodge among the Amer icans — have received to membership in the or der over 300 peraona. THE WASHINGTONIAN TEMPERANCE SOCIETY. The great Washingtonian temperance reform was organized in Pair Haven, in 1841 and '42, wilh a membership of 500 persons; Joseph Adams, pres't ; Azel WiUard, Jr., sec'y. Members' names were engrossed on a single sheet in double columns, and enclosed in a case with roUera and a glass front, so tbat any name could be readily turned to view. Finely print ed pledgea, or certificates of membership, were given to members. Large and enthusiastic meetings were held in the meeting-house and viUage school-house, aud men long addicted to intoxication came forward and publicly took the pledge. Tbe fruita of the reform were visible in the aober habits aad increased prosperity of the reformers. THE FAIR HAVEN YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Was organized Feb. 4, '68 ; A. L. Kellogg, pres't, 710 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. R. Hanger, vice prea't ; James Pottle, cor. sec'y, P. H. Shepard, rec. sec'y; Rev. E. W. Brown, Ireas'r ; P. A. Baker, registrar; aud C. Reed, Isaiah luman and Richard, Lane, directors. The constitution provides for three classes of members — associate, active, and life members; any person of good character being privUeged to become an associ.-ite member, without the right to vote or lo hold office, by the payment of $1. annually; and persons under 45 years of age, who aro members in evangelical church- es, can Ijccome active members, witb exclusive right to vole and hold office, by the payment of the aame sum annually. Tbe same may be come life-members by tho payment of $10, at any one time into the general fund. The annual meeting ia holden on the last Sunday evening in December of each year. The Asaociation opened a reading and confer ence-room in H. Wbipple'a building, over the post-office, in the summer of 1S68, and removed thence into the new and spacioua room over the Firat National Bank, in the faU of 18139. THE CAMBRIAN CORNET BAND. The Cambrian Cornet Band was organized Sept. 28, 1867. Tbe first members were : Robert W. Jones, Robert J. Evans, John R. Roberts, John E. Edwards, Robert P. Owens, Robert J. Roberls, Owen W, Owens, John E. Robert.s, John D, Rowlands, John J. Evans, John H. Williams, Edward W. Owena, John R. Hughes, Owen M. Jones. Present members : John W. Jones, Robert J. Evans, John D. Rowlands, Griffith G. Joues. Robert J. Roberts, Robert P. Owens, John E. Edwards, ICdward W. Owens, Griffith J. Griffiths, Edward H. Lew is ; Robert J. Evans, secr'y. PRINTING AND PUBLISIIIXR. After Matthew Lyon's time, the business of printing and publishing was not carried on in Fair Haven until the year lt<.'i:l. At tbat time DeWitt, son of Ira Leonard, residing near the State line, then a young hid, commenced print ing for his own amusement, upon a press of bis own construction. He issued several numbers of a sniaU nunilhly paper called "Tho Banner," in 1.S54 and '55, using second-hand type pro- cuiod from tbo Whitehall " Chronicle" offlce. Being encouraged by having several jobs given him, bo ordorod new typo from time to time, from tbe Ibundora, until in a few yeara he had quite a eomplcio assortment of jobbing type. In '56 he printed and bound for the author, Ed ward L. Allen, a "Slater's Guide" — a table for the computation of roofing-slate. This waa tbe first book printed in town subsequent to Mat thew Lyon's time. One number of a small sheet called the " Golden Sheaf" was issued in January, 1861. Busineaa had increased so much that ia November, '61, he purchased a Gordon press, the first power- press ever brought into the town. Being engaged in bookselling, he is.sued a small quarterly or monthly sheet as an advertising medium, in 1856 and 'ol in '58-9 a variety of song-books, ballads and other publieationa were iasued from this press. In 1^60 " Haynes' Sermon ou Universalism," and the ''Constitution and By-Laws of Poult ney Division, S. of T." were among the works printed at thia office. In '62 he published a " Washington County (N Y.) Almanac and Business Directory,'' with an edition of sev eral thousand copies. This was intended to be a permanent annual publication ; but the de pression of busineas consequent upon the be ginning ofthe war frustrated this plan. In September, lb63, the first number of the " Fair Haven Advertiser" was issued, as an ad vertising medium for the merchants and busi ness men of the town. It was circulated gra tuitously, and other numbers were issued from time to time, as tbe demands of advertisers re quired, until Wm. Q. Brown purchased the of fiee, when it was made a reguLir monthly pub lication. Its circulation was 1 000 copies. Among various other works emanating from this office was a " Quarterly Journal," contain ing from 3 2 to 36 octavo pages, published by Ripley Female College, commenced in Februa ry, '65, and continued till February, '66, when Mr. Leonard sold his press to McLean & Rob bins of Rutland, and the type and other mate rial lay unused until July following, when Vm. Q. Brown purchased it and removed it to his dwelling-house on Washington street, and, add ing a new Gordon press, continued the job printing business, and made the " Rutland County Advertiser" a regular monthly paper. Mr. Brown wishing to remove from town, sold bis offlce back to DeWitt Leonard in ApriL '6S, who conducted it three months, until July 1st, when he sold it to Messrs. Jones and Grose. Through the efforts of Mr. Grose, a weekly paper, styled the " People's Journal," was start ed. A number of tbe leading business men in town assisted them in purchasing a new Taylor Cylinder press and an outfit of type and mate rial for the newsp.iper. The firat regular issue of this paper was dated Sept. 5, 1868. Its ed itor was Rev. P. Franklin Jones, who was also pastor of the Pair Haven Baptist church, and FAIR HAVEN. 711 H. Seward Grose, Mr. Jones' son-in-law, waa publisher. A part of the 2d story of Normou Peck's dwelling, and the 2d story of his new building, adjoining the drug-slore, were occu pied aa the printing-office. After being con nected with the paper a few montha, Mr. Jones retired from the editorial chair, and Mr, Grose became editor as well as publisher. In the summer of 1869, payments not being promptly made, tbe office fell into the hands of the citizens who had assisted them, by whom it was sold, in July, '69, to DeWitt Leonard and E. H. Phelps, who continued the publica tion of the paper, under the firm of Leonard & Phelps — the name of the paper having been changed to " The Fair Haven Journal — E. H. Phelpa, Editor.'' Thia paper is still being pub liahed by theae gentlemen, and has obtained a good circilation in Rutland and Addiaon coun ties, and the neighboring towns in New York State. MILITARY AFFAIRS. We find but slight historical record of the early military transactions of our townsmen. In the grand lists of 1792 and '93, a number of persons are marked as belonging to the ar tillery, and others as cavalry-men, in considera tion of whieh they were allowed some deduction. In 1802 a large number are mentioned iu con nection with the militia, and their lists for state taxes are $20 lesa than their liata for lown taxes. Regimental reviews seem to have been held in high esteem. There was, also, the annual J>me training-day, with its election of company officers, inspection and drill, aud its ginger bread aad molasses candy, which aome of us who are yet young, hold among our boyhood remembrances, in thia as in other towns. This military institutiou prevailed until a compara tively recent time. In October, 1807, a meeting was called "to see if the town will vole a tax to raise money to purchase ammunition to fill our magazines, aa the law directs."' On tbe 4th of November the towu voted a tax of five milla on the dol lar, "to procure powder, lead, fiints, &c., for the town stock of ammunition for the militia." The only other record like this ia a vote passed in ApriL 1822, " to allow Jo. Kingsland for chest for lown magazine, $1.50." In September, 1812, Solomon Norton address ed the following note to the selectmen : " Whereas I am detatched for a campaign in the war, it ia inconsistent for me any longer to do tbe duty of ounslable and collector for the town of Pair Haven ; therefore you will accept I hia as my resignation, and govern yourselves accordingly." We have no account of any others who went from Pair Haven into the war that year ; but il ia probable there were othera, since Mr. Nor ton was a major in a regiment of enlisted Termont troops stationed al Burlington, under command of Gen. Jonathan Orms, with whom Maj. Norton went out as Adjutant, but came home in January, and sickened and died. We have the list of the names of 35 men who composed the military company, and were re turned as equipped for duty, in Fair Haven, in June, 1813, of which which Peter Merritt was captain. In 1814 and '15 there are 42 names returned — Moses Colton, captain. At the time of tbe battle of Plattsburgh, in September, 1814, a large company of men is said to have been enlisted in the town to go to the aasiatance of the American army. Moaes Colton waa captain or colonel ; Harvey Church 1st lieutenant, and Royal Dennis 2d lieutenant. One account is, that the company was partly enlisted iu the night time, and smarted on the way, going as far as Benson before morning. When within a few miles of Plattsburgh, a messenger with a fiag of truce, came out and informed them that the battle waa over, and tbey marched home ; Elisha Parkill receving a wad in bis foot in a sham tight. Another re port is, that the company went as far as Whit ing, only, wheu tbey were met by runners in forming them tbat the battle waa fought, and there was a great diviaion or contention among tbe moil on the question of aavaucing or re treating. Several men from the town are said to have been in the army at Plattsburgh as substitutes, and Andrew Race was taken back by Charles Leonard as a deserter, and was shot. For a period of some twenty years the mili tia of the Stale was disbanded, and military pa rades did not occur among ua. On the breaking out ofthe RebeUion in 1861 the call to arms was made in our streets, and a number of young men were enlisted. A com pany of cavalry volunteers was recruited in the town by DeWitt Leonard, in tbe summer of 1861, and was encamped for a time in bar racks erected on the land of Zenas C. EUis, N. W. of bis residence. In the summer of '62 a company waa re cruited here by Jamea T. Hyde, and encamped in barracks near Mr. Ellis'. 712 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. The town had credit with the United Statea Government for the following named volunteer soldiers — moat of them, but not aU, reaidenta of the town : VOLUNTEERS FOR THREE YEARS, CREDITED PREVIOUS TO CALL FOR 300,000, OCTOBER 17, 1863. A^uine. BonviUe, Adolpliua Callagan. Jeremiah 11 C I'anline, George A. 7 C Davis, Henry cav H Howling, Snniuel cav H Gilbert, Edward 11 C Lee, X(nse,« P. 11 C Lefovre, Eli 7 C Lele^ re, John 7 C Lescarbeau, Joseph 11 C Maconiber, John II, 11 C Manchester, Geo. W. 1 sa P Mather, Aaa F. Mather, Emmet cav Nichola, Henry C. 1 as Patch, David A. Pelkey, David 11 C Pelkey, Joseph 7 C Pelkey, Lewis 1 1 C Poeke't, John 11 C Proctor, Oscar C. 2 ss E I'roctor, WiUiam H. 2 ss E Eiley. Michael 7 C Sheldon, Josephs 2 B Sutliff, Emmons H. 7 C Smith, Albert 11 C WiUiams, Griffith 2 B Wood. Myron 11 C Wood, Zebedee 7 D Young, Moses 11 C Regt Oo. Age. Enlisted. Remarks. 7 C 81 Jan. 7, 18G2 Re-enlisted Februarv 24, 1864. 29 July 25, " Deserted May 20, 1863. 21 Dec. 30,1861 Sergeant. Discharged September 13, 1862. 22 Oct, 7, 23 Sept. 30, 28 Aug. 11, 21 Aug. 9, 11 C 2J Aug. 9, H 21 Oct. 5, F 25 Sept. 11, 2 B 26 June 1, Discharged June 13, 'ti2. ), 62 Transferred to invilid corps March 15, '64. „ I Promoted corporal Oct. 10, 1863. Mustered j out June 24, '05. " Re-enhsted Feb. 15. '64. " Re.eiili.sted Feb. 23. 64. " Deserted Sept. 5, '62. " Promoted 1st Lieut, Co. L., July 11, 1863. Sept. 11, '61 Discharged July 2:j, '62. Corporal, promoted to Q. M, serg't, Dec. 28, 62 .; '6,.— to 2d Lieut., Co. C, May 13, '65. 1st Lieut., July U, '63. Jan. 8, Jan. 7, Aug. 11, Aug. 12, 61 Discharged October 31, '62. ( Promoted corporal Oct, 22, 61. Discharged 33 Aug. 8, 20 Jan. 11, 21 Aug. 9, 27 Aug. 11, 19 Oct. 8, 21 Oct, 8, 2-". Jan 7. 22 Mav 17, IS Dec. 30, IS Aug. 9, 23 Mav 12, 18 Aug. 9, IS Dec 11, 30 Aug. 8, Sept, 11, '63. '62 Promoted corporal. " Re-enlisted Feb. 26, '61 '64. '63. '64. Discharged March 22. '62. " Ser. to invilid corps Dec. 31, '62 Mn.sician. Re-enlisted Feb. : '61 Discharged April 24. '62. " Mustered out Aug. 30, '64. '62 '61 Deserted Oct. 24, '62. '62 Promoted corporal Aug. 2, '63 — Serg't Dec. 28. '61 Died Dec. 19, '62. '02 CREDITS UNDER CALL OF OCTOBER 17, 1863, FOR 300,000, AND SUBSEQUENT CALLS. Bro, Peter Chase, Theodore cav H Dempsey, Michael, Jr. 17 I Dicklow, Joseph 11 C Dicklow, Medrick 11 c Dicklow, Paul 11 C Duggan, .Tamos 9 B Fdv, I'.-urick 11 Fi.i.g.-t, flcorgo 11 C (;,ilii|io, Joseph 11 C Hogaii, Michael cav D Maik.s Walters. 17 I Hawkins, Willinm C. 11 C Hooker, Kilw.Tvd T. 8 A Hunter, Robert 11 Kelley, Kiigune A. 1 ss F Monroe, JoHcph II. 11 K Pelkey, Cb.'irlea 7 I Plumtree, John 7 I 11 C 21 Dea 12,1863 Dec. 7, Mar. 28, 25 July 19, 18 " " 19 " ,' 29 Dec. 8,7, DeoNov. Dee. ( To Co. B, June 24, '65. Mustered out AuS- 1 25, lSi;5. " Saddler. To company B, June 21, '65. 'G4 Died Maroh 27, '65. ^^ t Transferred to Co. B. June 24, '65. Muster- j ed out .\ug. 25. 'n5. „ ( Transferred to Co. B, June 24, '65. Muster- j ed out June 29, '65. „ J Transferred to Co. E, June 24, 65. Muster- ( ed out Aug. 25, '65. '63 Died Nov. 6, '64. Wounded. In gen. hospital Aug. 31, '64. 18 April 27, 18 Doc. 1, 5 To veteran reserved corps Oct. 11, 1864. ( Mustered out July 14, '65. ( Died of wounda received in action. July ( 14, 1864. 20 July 5, 28 Dec. 9, '64 Died Aug. 17, ,64. '63 Priaoner, June 28 '64. FAIR HAVEN. 713 Names. Regt. Oo. Age. Enlisted. Remarks. Preston, Henry 11 C 21 Deo. 4, 1863 Sick in hospital, Aug. 31, 1864. Deserted. Eudd, Thomas 9B 25 Deo. 18, " Died January 11, 1865. Stewart, Charlea W. 54 mi Woodward, Adrian T. 17 I 18 Mar. 25, " Mualered out, June 6, '65. 54 WW 11 C 11 C 54 ms 7 C 11 G 54 ms 54 TOs 11 7 D 57 C 11 L VOLUNTEERS FOR ONE TEAR. Mar. 24, '65 24 Brown, Robert Calvert, G. D. Capen, Nathan S. Dolby, Cyrus Granger, Nelson Hammerston, Henry Hunter, George Hunter, Samuel Manchester, Burr B. Murphy, Jamea Ormabee, Mansel A. Parret, Moses Sager, Charles W. VOLUNTEERS RE-ENLISTED, BELONGING TO THB 7tH REGIMENT, CO. 0. Adolphus BonviUe, Eli Lefevre, John Lefevre, Aug. 3, '64 Co. B. Mustered out June 24, 1865. 18 Dec. 17, '64 Died March 29, 1864. Joseph Pelkey, Charlea Clai'k, Hiram Kilbourn, Not credited by name. Boaworth, Jnliu.s H. Cowley, Jamea B. Crowley. Cornelius Davey, Vincent C. Foy. Patrick Grady, Michael Hamilton, Joel W. Hamilton, William H. Harrison, Charlea Michael RUey, PERSONS WHO FURNISHED SUBSTITUTES. W. B. Esty, Benjamin S. Niehols. NAVAL CREDITS. Three men. VOLUNTEERS FOR SINE Humphrey, John Humphrey, Patrick Lee, Benjamin E. Lewia, Richard Marnea, Andrew Maynard, Engliah L.'" O'Brien, Patrick Perkina, Charlea Perkina, John F. GranviUe C. WUley. Rafferty, James Reardon, Daniel Roberts, William S. Eowland, John Ware, Dallaa N. Whitlock, Hiram E. Williams, John H. Williams, William E. Wood, Leman. This company waa enlisted in the aummer of 1862 ; encamped and drilled at Castleton; Jo aeph .Jenninga, captain JuliuaH. Boaworth. lat lieutenant and Charles A. Eau, 2d Ueutenant— , mustered into the U. S. service at Brattleboro, Oct. 21, aa company P. of the 14tb Eeg of Tt. Tola,, and left the State Oct. 22. Tbe regiment did aervice in the Army of the Potomac, in Tirginia, during the winter, and took an active and honorable part in the battle of Get tysburg, in July, '63 — Isl lieutenant Boaworth receiving a severe wound in the leg from tbe fragments of a shell, and Wm. H. Hamilton, who waa leading another company, being mor tally wounded, and dying on tbe field. The residue of the Pair Haven volunteers returned to their homes. PERSONS WHO PAID COMMUTATION UNDEE DRAFT. James Donnelly, John W. Eddy, Edgar S. Ella, Eobert W. Jonea, Rollin M. Kidder, Wesley Lee, Oliver K. Eanney, John Eyan, C. Wesley Sutliff, Edward J. Stannard, Abraham S. Taber, John J. WUliama. VOLUNTEERS FOR ONE YEAR, REPORTED AFTER SEPTEMBER 30, 1864. Homer Belden, Lewia Pickett. WiUiam W. Collina. WiUiam A. West, English L, B. Maynard ; all belonging to 7th Eeg't, Co. C, except Homer Belden, who belonged to the 5tb Reg't. PERSONS WHO SENT SUBSTITUTES. Andrew N. Adama, Reuben T. EUia, WUliam Preston, Corril Reed, Abraham C. Wicker. PERSONS ENLISTED BT DEWITT LEONARD, BELONGING TO FAIR HATEN. Nelaon AUard, Fred H. Campbell Eichard Gleaaon, Robert Pugh, Emerson Tabor, GranviUe C. WiUey, Lieut. : enlisted for tbe Harlan cavalry, at Pair Haven, in August and September, '61, and mustered in as Termont Tolunteers, at Albany, September 24th, whence they went on to Philadelphia, and were afterwards ordered to Washington, and attached to the Harris Light Cav alry, under CoL Daviea ; Gen. Kilpatrick being then Lieut. Col. of the regiment. 714 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. BOUNTIES PAID BT THE TOWN TO TOLUNTEERS AND SOLDIERS, IN THE WAR OF 1861-5, EZCLUSIVE OF DONATIONS MADE TO MEMBERS OF JAMES T. HYDE'S COMPANY. To the 27 nino months' men and 5 others, who enUsted, $60 each, $2,120.00 To volunteers under the call of October, 1863, as follows: 18 recived $500 each, 2 " 300 each, 2 " 100 each, 1 " To volunteers for ono year, from $300 to $800 each, ; To siilistitules. To volunteers for one year, reported after September, 1864, $400 each, To volunteers re-enlisted, $10u each. To substitutes in ISHD, total. $9,000 600200 700—10,500.00 5,915.00 1,333 33 2,000.00 500.00 4,000.00 SCHOIIL AFFAIRS. Tilley Gilbert, who first carne to Fair Haven in 17ss, was employed by Col. Lvon as a teach er, and it is not improbable tbat tbe old plank school-house, tbo first in the village, was built by Col. Lyon about this tirne. It atood on the ground south of tbe old meeting-bouse. John Brown, a yonng man of cultivation and refinement from Rhode Island, and a broth er-in-law of Ethan Whipple, Esq., appeara to have been employed as teacher in the village distric, in 1793. Mr. Brown was a beautiful penman, and made the records of the town for Dr. Witherell, who was town clerk for tbe year 1792, and \ya3 afterwards himself town clerk. Of those who taught school ia the village dis trict at an early day, besides, wc are told, one Bolles, an Irishman, who, besides teaching in Fair Haven, taught also, prior to 1803, one year near the old Episcopal church, on Hamp ton hiU, and two ye.ars in Poultney — Eev. Dr. N. S. S. Beaman and Hon. EoUin C. Mallory attending his schools, and fitting for coUege under him. A man from Poultney by the name of Claudin is said to have taught here, and also Charles Hawkins, Jr., prior to tbe year 18U5. Eev. Dr. Beaman taught in tbe old log school- house, south of the meeting-houso. Ethan Whipple, clerk of the district, makes return iu Marcli, 1804, that there are 52 children in tbe district of sufficient age to attend school, Tilly Gilbert, clerk of the district, rclurned tbo num ber of 44 for the ynuv 1799 and 1800. Elias Hickok saj'S ho taught a school one winlcr in tho old school-house on tho Green, anrl had 97 i-ieliolars for 6 week.s. Ho also tiinglit Iho Iirst school in the new school-bouse, which was built in tho summer of 1805. Rov. Rufus S. Ciisbmnn says of this house : " The old yellow school-house I remember well, whoso chief external attraction was tbe belfiy, in which hung, for a long time, the only beU in town, and the steeple, whose woalher-vano was a flsh, the mark of many a snow-ball." I TotaL §36,368,33 Thia house, made of wood, atood until 1842, and waa tbe scene of many a large ainging- acliool, scholara' exhibition and temperance and political raUy. In the abaence of any town hall il was used for meetings of every kind and name. Its place was supplied by a brick build ing, smaUer on the ground, but of two stories in height, buUt a little to the eastward of the first, by Adams Dutton, Esq., in 1S42, which, not answering tbe wants of tbe district, was removed in '61, and the present school building under the town haU was erected in the summer of '61 — the building committee acting in con junction witb the town committee to build a town house. ECCLESIASTICAL AFF.AIRS. The ecclesiastical action of the settlers of Fair Haven appeals lo have been begun in their ca pacity as a town organization, in the faU of 17S6. when a town meeting was held at Sam uel Stannard's, on the 5th of September, Col. M. Lyon being moderator: and it was voted "not to divide the town into two societies;'' the " societies" having the character, no doubt, of " parishes" — such as existed at that day un der the state laws in Massachusetts and Cou- necticut. .\t another meeting, held al tbe same place, December 4th, Silas Saflbrd, Esq., being mod erator, il was voted " to hire a minister;" and Thomas Dickson was chosen a committee '' to treat ^ith Benson committee how tbey shaU proceed." .A tax of two pence on the pound, on tbe list of 1786, was voted, and Joel Ham ilton was chosen collector. Nearly two years later, Sept. 2, '88, Thomas Dickson, Dr. Simeon Smith and Isaac Cutler, wero chosen to hire a minister to preach one half tbo time at Matthew Lyon's, and tbe other half at or nesir Eleazer Dudley's, and the com mittee were authorized to lay a tax to pay the minister. The Maroh meeting of 1789 ro-np- pointed the last year's committee to hire preaching. FAIR HAVEN. 715 In September, 1790, the same committee were appouited " to hire preaching for the year ensuing, to the amount of £60, to be paid in grain, beef, pork, or iron," and the selectmen directed " to make a rate for the purpose, lo be collected by the town collector " Deo. 26, '91, it was voted " to dismiss the committee to hire preaching.'' We do not learn who was emnloy- ed to preach lo the iuhabitants. The first meeting-bouse in the town, the aame building that now constitutes Dan Orms' dwel ling-bouse, built, no doubt, mainly by Col. Ly on, though said to have been built by Deacon Daniel Munger, aud which stood, at that time, in the public highway further aouth tban now, must have been built in tbe year 1791, aa the Maroh meeting of '92 was the first which was held ia the meeting-house. While used for a meeting-house, this building waa never plaster ed or finiahed. Tbe firat miniater of whom we hear as hired to preach in this house, was tbe Rev. Mr. Par ley, a young man whom Deacon Munger found in Poultney about 1803, or previously. He boarded with Maj. TUly Gilbert, while he was reaident in tbe Lyon house, which stood on the ground of the Vermont HoleL The Reverend Joseph Mills appears to have been employed during the early part of the year 1805; preaching alternately every other Sunday in Wesl Haven and Fair Haven. He preached his farewell discourse in West Haven June 30th. On the 5th of July the church voted " that a call be given to Mr. Joseph Mills to take the pastoral charge of the church of Christ in Fair Haven and West Haven, and that Timothy Brainard and Asahel Muuger be a committee to make out the call." But Mr. Mills did not choose to remain ; and Rev. Silaa Hig ley preached for a time in the last part of the year, and fir.st part of 1806 — the church vot ing, Jan. 2d, that it was " expedient to give Si las Higley a call to aettle as a pastor over this ehurch and people." Paul Scott and Aaabel Munger were made a committee lo present the call. " The church of Christ, in Fair Haven and West Haven" was formed Nov. 15, 1803 — Rev. Dan Kent of Benson being moderator, and Asa hel Munger clerk. Another church was organ ized in West Haven, Dec. 23, 1816. THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY OF FAIR HAVEN Was organized Jan. 2, 1806 — the first meeting being held at the school-house — Asher Huggins, who resided in West Haven, moderator, and Joel Hamilton, clerk ; Curtis Kelsey, treasur er ; Timolhy Brainard, Paul Scott and Calvin Munger, committee, and Oren Kelsey coUeot- or. It was " Voted to give Silas Higloy a call to settle as minister of the society, provided $300 can be raised for hia salary; he to have the $300 in aix months after aettlement, and hold it, provided he remain six yeara ; if not, he to p.ay back $50 each year he falls short, and thia to go back to the subscribers." Tilly Gilbert, Silas Snfford and Roger Per kins were a committee to join the committee of the church iu giving the call. Mr. Higley did uot remain, but the place was supplied by another candidate, Rufus Cushman, who had graduated from Williams College in 1805, and studied with Eev. Samuel Whitman, D. D. On the 18tli December, '06, the society voted to give Mr. Cushman a call, " provided fifty pounds can be raiaed by subscription for hia yearly salary, to preach one half the time, and the aum of $200 as a settlement." Curtis Kelaey and Asahel JIunger were appointed to extend the call on tbe part of the aoeiety. The church voted on the 19th to join in the call, and chose Aaher Huggins, Timothy Brainard and Silas Safford a committee to act in ita behalf. Mr. Cuahman was ordained and inatalled Feb. 12, '07. The society voted, at a meeting held at Maj. Gilbert's house January 19, to raiae $20 to defray the expense, and to request Dr. Se lah Gridley to write an ode for the occasion, and Mr. Doolittle to form a tune for the same, and to sing an anthem at the close, if agreea ble to the council. Ou the 19th of April, 1810, application was made to Joel Hamilton, society's clerk, by Jo aeph Sheldon, Lewis Stone and Tilly Gilbert, " to warn a meeting of the Congregational So ciety to consider the propriety of building a new meeting-house, and to sell the old one." A vote was taken May 2d, to build a meeting house "forthe use, benefit and accommodation of tbe first Congregational society in Pair Haven, to be denominated and known by the name of the First Congregational meeting-house in Fair Ha ven," and a committee waa choaen to prepare a plan and report the expense, viz : Samuel Stan nard, Tilly Gilbert, Thomas Wilmot, Jacob Da vey, Moses Colton, Eleazer Claghorn and Curtia Kelsey, who reported at an adjourned meeting. May 14, that the coat of a house 53 by 40 feet, with 36 pewa below, ateeple, belfry, &c., simi lar to the Poultney Baptiat meeting-house, would be $2,400. The report was accepted, and the committee requested to " report at the 716 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. next meeting the proper place to set said house ;" to prepare a plan, and put a valuation on the pews ; and they were authorized to sell the pews at oublic auction. At a meeting. May 21st, Tilly Gilbert, Samu el Stannard, Jacob D.ivey, Curtia Kelseyj Thom as Wilmer, Eleazer Claghorn, Joel Hamilton, Silas Sanford and Daniel Hunter, were chosen to auperinteiid buUding, aa soon as $2,400 could be raiaed. The meeting voted that if the pews should sell for more than enough to finish tbe bouse, the committee should be authorized to apply Bueh excess to the purchase of a aite, and to the purchase of a bell. Tliere were sold 33 pews — the highest price paid being $170, by Thomas Wilmot, and tbe loweat $26, by Mr. Wilmot, and tbe total amount of salea $2,792. ¦The house was raised on the 10th of May, 1811, and dedicated 18th of June, 1812— Eev. N. S. S. Beaman preaching tbe dedicatory sermon, which waa published. There are maay who remember this old meeting-house, with its high galleries, tall pulpit and square box pewa, all made of tbe purest materials, and ornament ed in tbe highest style of workmanship — Elisha Scott and Lewis Stone being the principal workmen. The house stood aa finished, with tbe excep tion of a new pulpit put up in 1837 or '38, un til 1840, when some ofthe timbers in tbe apire becoming unsafe, tbe spire itself was taken down by Azel WiUard, Jr., and the steeple fin ished with turrets above tbe belfry, in which shape it stood until about '51, when the wdiole house was remodeled hy Charles Scott, son of Elisha Seott, and another steeple raised in the form in which it now stands. Alexander Dunahue, who died in Castleton in August, 1814, bequeathed to the town of Fair Haven " a bell to weigh betwoon 500 and 600 pounds." Tbe Eev. Mr. Cushman died Feb, 3, ]S2<), On the 22d day of April following, the eliureh and society united in a call to Eev. .Vmos Dru ry of West Rutland, to supply the vacancy in tho pastorship occnsioneil by Mr. Cushmnn's death, nnd Mr. Drury accepted the call on the same day, and was installed ou the 6lh of May, tbe sermon being preached by Eev. Beriah Greon of Brandon, nnd the pr.iyer of installa tion made by Eov. Josiah Hopkins of Now Haven. Mr. Drury's ministry continued until May, '37. On tho 3d of August, '38, the society in structed the atauding committee to give Eev. Charies Doolittle a caU to become pastor ofthe church and society, promising bim a salary of $450, and the use of a parsonage as good aa the place occupied by Mr. A. Alien. Sept. 30, '39, tbe society voted to hire Mr. Doolittle, "if he can be obtained fbr the year ensuing." Tol eii, Oct. 6, '40, to give Eev, Francis C. Woodworth a caU to become the miniater of the society, on a salary of $400, and the use of the parsonage from June previous. Jlr. Woodworth waa inatalled over the aoei ety ." " What if your plans should fail," I said; " They may, dear Sir, who knows? You mny not get so mighty rich At last, as yuu suppose." The way that imin did flounce and rave, It was a grand display ; I really feared, in spite of mo llo'd throw himself away. Ono man, by witchcraft yet unknown, Obtained a " Number Four," Ami wheu mon asked to aee tho sight, IIo pointed to the door. I feared hia reason was nigh flod, So wildly glared hia eyes; No miser ever watched hia gold With vigilance more wiae. And sucb a time as that man had To watch both night and day ; I swow ! before I'd have auch work, I'd throw myself away. Soon every man grew wondrous aly. And thought but of himself; Religion, order, law and right, Were " laid upon the shelf." At length the panic grew so great That all were bound to win; » So, deacons, doctors, priests and all. With one accord " pitched in," And such a time you never saw ¦ On earth, by night or day ; I golly I 'twas all that I could do To keep out of the way. At length their feeble, faltering steps Showed labor all in vain; The Doctors ahook their heada, And aaid ; *' ' Potato on the brain,' The patient must be quiet kept," For ao the story goes, *'And ne'er allow his mind to dwell Again on ' Eaily Rose.'" So nicely humbugged folka did get, I hiughed buth night and day, To think that men of common aense Should throw themaelves away! ECCLESIASTICAL A]!JD RELIGIOUS For this chapter we are chiefly indebted to our aged chronicler, now deceased, whom we copy literally, so far as possible. The first ministers ofthe Gospel were itinerants. In May, 17S4, Mr. ^ood, a separate preacher,. visited the place on foot, holding meetings iu the several houses of the place, every day dur ing the two weeks that he stayed This wa3 the first preacln'ng in town. A revival follow ed, and meetings were now regularly kept "up, Willi preaching occasionally. In March, 1785, Elder Joseph Comal of Manchester, came here and preached a number of times, baptizing 9 per sons, who, with three others who 5jere members of a Baptist church in Connecticut, were declar ed a branch ofthe Manchester Charch. The next May Nehemiah Dodge, a licentiate, was engaged to preach here 3 months. The meetings were usually held in a log-barn, with a general attendance ofthe people. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH was constituted in May, 1785, by Rev. Eleazer Harwood of Pittsford. consisting of 11 persons. The two churches met together for some years where most convenient. In the spring of 1786 a school-house was built, where meetings were held until December, 1787, when the people turned out and built a log- meeting-house, large and well supplied with benches and seals for HUBBAEDTON. 777 singers on the sides, and at one end a platform, wilh a sort of desli for the preacher ; at the oth er a wide stone back for a fire-place, and a plast ered chimney of sticks to carry off the smoke. This was the first meeting-house where the wor ship of God was regularly attended, and whether ihey had preaching or not, said Mr Churchill. The people felt a duty and obligation resting upon them to sustain the public worship of God, by prayer, reading tlie Scriptures or exhortatiou. A sermon .was usually read with singing in the old fashioned way, line by line, when books were scarce and all could who would join in the sa cred songs. The roads, where there were any, were new and had, and no wagons, for summer, nor sleighs for winter were yet introduced here. Men and and boys walked. Sometimes a man and wife rode together on horseback ; any law ful way was adopted to get to meeting even on an ox sled or tom-pung. The people highly prized the privilege of meeting together, and family worship and catechising of children was regularly atlended to. The Bible, psalm book and catechism formed the greater part of their library and the conversations of the ministers, when they called, was mostly on things spiritual and divine. In October and N"ovember, previous to build ing the house above named, there had been a revival; ten uniting with the Baptist and sev eral wilh the Congregational church. Elder Joseph Cornal, Thomas Skeel of Ira, Isaac Beal of Clarendon.andEleazer Harwood, of Pittsford, visited the towu frequently, holding meetings daily during their stay. In January, 1788, the people moved Nathaniel Culver into the place, having previously built for him a log house. He had settled on the west side of Castleton Pond, far away from any inhabitants and was there taken do wu with rhumatism, and was helpless for a number of months. As soou as he was able they gave him the lead of their meetings — liceu,s- ing him to preach, he and his wife uniting with the Baptist church, making 24 members. Thoy now had regular preaching uutil 1796.* About that year, a town-house was built near the centre of the town, not far fiom, and south of the residence of the late Isaac Eussegue, in which the Congregationalists held their meet ings until 1818. Their first settled minister was Ithamer Hib bard, in 1798. (His Biography is given else- wiere.) He continued until hia death, March * Elder Culver preached till 1872. 2. 1802. During his ministry a revival occured, long remembered as Hibhard's revival. Since that time the church has usually main tained preaching and sustained its organization, but sometimes with difBculty for some years numbering but three male members. After 1802 the pulpit was filled until 1819, by Rev. John Ransom, and Samuel Cheever for the great er portion ofthe time. In 1818, the church er ected a meeting-house some three fourths of a mile from the present building on the road to East Hubbardton. As associated with the dim recollections of my earlier childhood, this house vvith its interior except the high pulpit opposite the enterance nnpainted its large galleries ex tending on three sides, its high square box-pews with seats ou each side and the stove raised on a platform even with the top ofthe pews in the centre of all was, to my opening eyes, a sort of architectural wonder as it would be to many now. It was burnt in January, 1837. The only satisfactory explanation of the occurrence was that given by a little imp who said the people need not puzzle themselves about the fire, for his uncle Don to whom the attendance at church had been some sort of annoyance, had wished it burned long ago. Certain it is that the person named lived and died with that sus picion resting upon him. The fire when dis covered seemed to have originated aud was wholly on the outside of the building. The present house was built in 1838. I here ap pend the names of the several ministers of the cliurch and time of service. 1819 to 1823, Sherman Kellogg; 1823 to 1228, uo settled pastor; 1828 to 1834, Horatio Flagg; '34 to '37, no settled pastor. In that year, Wm. C. Dennison a young, energetic and pious man, came and was settled over the church. He continued until the close of the year 1842. His ministry was usually acoeptable.but express ing views more liberal than those held by some of the more influential members ofthe church ou some abstruse points of theology, differences arose and his health failing lie sought and found a more congenial settlement in the far "West and the prosperity and welfare of the church seemed to depart in his footsteps. It at that time num bered 100 or- more members and continued to maintain the form, of publio worship, but a blight came, I know not why it came but it came, with ering aud deadening. A Mr. Cady filled the pulpit for a few months and was siicceeded by Bev. Stephen 'Williams— 1843 to '45 ; 1846 Mr. 778 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. •Kent; 1847 to '52 Samuel Thrall; 1853 to '55 Bev. Mr. Swift ; 1 856 to '60 Azariah Hyde ; 1862 to '04 Rev. .Mr. Steele. In the autumn of that year Rev. Calvin Granger was settled over the church aud continues until tlie present time (1870). He found it in a very low and depress ed state, but by long, faithful and persistent la bor and outside circumstances favoring, a favor able aud decided change has occured in its con dition and prospects. The society now sus tains the only regular meeting in the towu. TtlE BAPTIST OHUROH. In June, 1798, Elder Nathan Dana came and was settled as the first permanent minister, but Mr. Hibbard cominir about the same time, the two churches divided the ministerial land equit ably, each taking a lot. The Baptist Society bought a farm for Elder Dana, costing $ 1000, and put him in immediate posession on comin* into the place. In tha y«ar 1800, they built a frame-meeting-- house 30 by 40 feet. Elder Da na continued until 1816, with the exception of one year, 1808, a year of revival in which the pulpit was fllled by Elder Dyer Stark. Since that time, the church has changed min isters often, the longest term of any prior to 1853, being 5| years. In 1854, the meeting-house which had become much dilapidated with age, was thoroughly repaired at an expense of $ 850, by the contributions of a few individuals. About the same time or a little earlier elder Barua Al len who had filled the pulpit some years previ ous, returned and was settled over the church of which he continued in charge until the time of his death November, 1867. He was a man of limited education but dur ing the more th.-in thirty years of his ministerial labors, protracted considerably beyond the allot ted period of life, ho often in adverse oircumslan- ces maintained throughout, the character of an earnest, pious and consistent believer ofthe re ligion he preached. Since hi.s death the church h.is bueii desiitnte of any p.astor. Previous to March, 1855, it had received into fellowship 3S5 meuiliers; present number 50 ami very much scattered. It has produced two elilers, licensed two othera, or-lained four and had at that time a Missionary, Bible, Tract and Sabbath school so ciety, and hail uniformly represented itself in the AKsoci:iticin. Ijut il never was large,' numberin"' at no timo moro than 100 membors. " The oliiinges that have taken place in the viciiiily for many yoars have been uniformly to its disadvantage, and now but few take an interest in its welfare : The children have left the place almost 'oy colonies, the fathers and mothers have gone the way of all the earth, and the ways of their Zion mourn." MY ROSE FOR THEE. BT NANCIE W. BARBER. I pincked a beauteous rose. From off fta parent tree. And treasured it with miser care, Dear Harriet, for thee. Ita blushes and perfume To me were pa.s9ing fair. And often with delight I gazed Upon its beanty rare. Methought 'twould give delight To her I love so well, And in her sad and lonely hour A tale of friendship tell. But Ah ! the flower w.-xs changed— My pleasant hopes decayed ; A blight crept o'er the lovely leaves — My cherished rose was dead i In sorrow there I saw Oar own sad picture drawn ; 'Tie but a train of hopes and fears, And human life is gone. East HubbardtOQ. IRA. A post town in the central part of Rutland County, is in lat. 43° 33', and lona 3° 55', and is bounded east by Rutland and Claren don, south by Tinmouth, south-west by Mid dletown, and west by Poultney and Castleton. It is of a triangular form, running to a point towards the north. This township is consid erably mountainous. Bird's i\Iountain in the north part is high and abrupt. Ira brook rises in the south part, runs north easterly and joins Furnace brook in Claren don. Castleton river crosses the township in a we.sterly direction. Mill privileijes not very good. There are in town two saw-mills and one tavern; population, 430. — Thomp son's Oazetteer, 1842. EEOOEDS FROM THE TOWN CLERK. Miss. Hemenway; — I forward you some minutes I had taken from the records in my office, by request of Elijah Ross, who wrote me that he would be at my house at such a date aud that was the last I heard from him on the subject. * Bradley Fish. •As early as 1862. we, with Miss Fanny Clark, cur lady assistant at Middletown, visited Mr. Ross, at his home in Middletown village, who had e-xprossed himself IRA. 779 The town was organized May Slst. 1779. Isaac Clark first town clerk. TOWN OLEEKS. May 31, 1779, Isaac Clark, March 30, A. D. 1780, Joseph Wood, " 15, 1781, George Sherman, " 24, 1788, John Baker, " 8, 1792, Cephas Carpenter, Marcli A. D. 1801, George Sherman, " " 1802, Cephas Carpenter, " 2, 1819, Preserved Fish, " 7, 1820, John Mason. " ,1 1821, Preserved Fish, " 11, 1823, John Mason, June 4, 1861, John Mason, deceased, Brad ley Fish, the present town clerk, was elected. Cephas Carpenter held the office 25 years ; John Mason 39 years. THE FIRST EEOOED* IS BOOK FIEST OF THE TOWN OF IRA. 7th -October, 1779. The District of Ira Dr. To Isaac Clark for the purchase of this book Nine Shillings the old way, the one half of which is paid by Capt. Thomas Col lins and Company in the south part of the town. "District of Ira, May 20th, 1779," (is the date of the first warning for a towu meeting cn record ) Ira May 31st., A. D. 1779. Being met ac cording to the above warning, wnich was read and the meeting opened according to Law, firstly, voted Mr. George Sherman serve as Moderator for the present meeting. 2d. voted, Isaac Clark be the Town Clerk, odly, voted that Nathaniel Mallory shall be the Constable of this 'lown for the Ensuing year, 4thly, voted that Nathan Lee, Amos Herrick and Isaac Clark be the selectmen this year. At the time that tbe Freeman's oath was administered by the town clerk, Isaac Clark, as willing to prepare the history of Ira, his native town, if requested by us. He had the numbers of the work — four to six — at this time issued — the means at leaat of knowing pretty well beforehand what was required, and moreover, we talked over what was wanted, and he engaged to contribute the history of Ira for the work by tho time we should require it. As we never heard any thing from him to the contrary, and he accepted as issued from time to time, a free copy as town histtt- rian, we depended upon him, as we supposed we could without any question, till a few montha since, and too late to procure another man to give a more complete history fur our present issue. This town is simply in debted to Mr. Ross, above named that she has no bet ter history in this volume. We can, however, in Vol. IV., find place for everything of interest or importance that may yet be furnished. Ed. * There are three copies of the records. B. Fish. this town extended over about one third of the present town of Middletown, which was afterwards set off to aaid town.* The names of those that took the freeman's oath on the 31st. of May, 1779, administered by the town-clerk are : Isaac Clark, George Sherman, jr., Nathan Lee, Nathaniel Mal lory, Cyrus Cla.rk, Solomon Wilds, Amos Herrick, Nathan Walton, Benjamin Richard son, David Adams, Benjamin Bagley, jr., Cephas Carpenter, John Collins, Thomas Col lins, Benjamin Bagley, Leonard Robberts, Joseph Wood, Ebenezer Wood, Asahel Join or, Thomas McLuer, James MoLuer, Philo- mon Wood, Gamalal Waldo, Silas Reed, Da- ifid Haskins, Isaac Runnels, Isaiah Marin, David Wood, George Sherman, Reuben Ba ker, James Cole, John Baker, Abraham White, Joseph Wood, jr., Jarnes Martin, Thomas Martin, Hezekiah Carr, Tliomas Obrient, John Walton, Henry Walton, Cor nelius Roberts, Purchas Roberts, Samuel Newton, Joseph Baker, John Burlingarae, John Baly, Isaac Baker, Nathaniel Mason, Jason Newton, Elijah Mann, Oliver Eddy, Nathan Collins. Ira, 5th. September, 1779. — Then recorded the marriage of Isaac Clark and Hannah Chittenden,! on the 18th day of January, 1779, married by Governor Chittenden and recorded by Isaac Clark. — Town Clerk. Ira, 7th. September, 1879. At a freeman's meeting, warned and opened according to law by Nathaniel Mallory, Constable, firstly vo ted and choose Capt. Isaac Clark Represen tative, to represent the town in the general assembly the present year. Attest, IsAAO Clark, town clerk. Ira, 12th. October, 1779. Then recorded "the birth of Modena Clark, the eldest daugh ter of Isaac and Hannah Clark, who was born the 4th. day of October, 1779, and put upon record by Isaac Clark, town-clerk." District of Ira, August 20, 1780. Being met at the house of Joseph Wood in said town. Voted that the Town Base for three months two men to scout in the tronteer, J Ex cept Sooner discharged, that the town pay said men for their services two pounds per month, that each man pay according as he stands in the List. test Joseph Wood, town-clerk. Then recorded " the Birth of Caleb Sher man, the fourth son to George Sherman, who was born in Ira, June the third day, 1778, •sSee History of Middletown for the same. Bd. fDaughter of Gov. Thomas Chittenden. X Wero two men employed t What were their names? What of their expedition ? Ed. 780 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and put upon record by George Sherman, Town Clerk." FIRST SETTLER, Nathan Lee; his first son, Reuben was born Sept. 17, 1773, his eldest daughter, Hannah, Jan. 30, 1774; then recorded the birth of Penelope Lee, the second daughter of Nathan Leo, who was born February the 21st day, 1777, and was put upon record by John Ba ker, Town Clerk; then recorded " the birth of ilelinda Lee, the third daughter of Na than Lee, who was born December the 20th day, 1779;" then recorded " birth of Sarah Lee, the 4th Daughter of Nathan Lee, who was born February the 3d day, 1782, and was put upon record by Johu Baker, Town Clerk ;" then recorded " the marriage of Sam uel Newton, who was married to Sarah Sher man March the 18th day, A. D. 1784, and was married by Elder Thomas Skeel in Ira, and put upou record by John Baker, Town Clerk." The first grand list, July 15, 1750, was 356 £, 10 s ; the second, July 27, 1781, 515 £ ; the third, in 17S3, 857 .£, 5 s : David Wood four fold, 24 £, 10 s ; the fourth grand list in 1781, was 1013 £: Cephas Carpenter, Lemuel Roberts, John Collins, listers Between 1784 and 1785, the Waltons, the Waldows, Mc Cleur and others were set to the town of Mid dletown. Cephas Carpenter built in 1789, the first framed house in town. May 5, A. D 17S3; the first survey in Ira of a road ; commencing 15 rods below Jere miah Collins' sawmill and the first sawmill in town, thence south to Tinmouth line; said road surveyed by Frederick Hill. District of Ira, December 22J. 1780. This is to warn all of the Inhabitants of this District to meet in Town Meeting on the third day of January ne.'ct at the dwellin" house of Mr. Asahel Joiner, at nine ol the clock to choose a Moderator and to consult some nietliod for liai-ing provision for the Anny the Ensuing year and to transact any otiier Business that shall be necessary. Thomas Collins 1 select George Sherman, J men. District of Ira, January, 3d. day 1781. Being met at the house of Mr. Asahel Join er according to the above warning, which was Read and the meeting opened accord ing to law. Istly, voted Mr. Lemuel Robert's service aa moderator for this meeting. 2d. voted, that this town pay their equal perporsion of provision. Raised According as they stand upon the List, Equal to any other town, that this town carry into Capr. Collins, Mr. Sherman and Joseph Wood, Se lectmen for this town, their part of provis ion other ways in money as they stand upon the List. Pork at one Shilling per pound, Beef at six pence per pound, VVheat at six shillings per Bushel, Indian Corn at three shillings per Bushel Ry at tour shillings per Bushel ; that this town pay Capt. Collins for the Barrels ; Meat Barrels at four shillings per Barrel ; Flower Barrels at two shillings and SIX pence per Barrel : that this Town provide half a Bushel of salt to salt their meat, Mr. Sherman to provide the salt, that the people that live in the 'vVest part of this town Bring their part of Provision to Joseph How's, that this town get their provision B.eady by the 20 day of January. 4 voted that this meeting be dissolved. Teste, Joseph Waldo, Towu Clerk.'' The Lees who first settled in Ira hollow were Tories, (I fiud by Record) February 24th.'177y, that 324 acres of land as good as there is in said Town of Ira was owned by Johu^Lee, confiscated and sold by Commis sioner James Claghorn of the Probate Dis trict of Rutland County and Bennington County state of Vermont, was sold for oue hundred pounds to Thomas Collins of Lanes borough in the county of Berkshire li State of Massachusetts. He deeds in behalf ofthe Representatives of the freemen of the State of Vermont. THE PENSIONERS OF THE EEVOLUTION were Peter Parker, David Parker, Jason Newton and Nathaniel Wilmarth. UNITED STATES PENSIONERS IS ISA, JUNE 1840, Jason Newton, aged 78, and Servia Towers, aged SS — U. S. Census. SALMON KINGSLEY, ESQ. " Die.l in Bucklin, Wayne Co., Mich., :^ept. 23d, 1827, S.iliaou Kingsley, Esq., in the 73d year of his age. Mr. Kin.;sley was one of the worthy veterans of the Revolution and for a time had the command of a company of reg ulars at New London, Ct. He w.ts a resi deut of Ira nearly 40 years, and removed to Michigan about 2 years ago. He was an unshaken friend to his country and her re publican institutions and was equally dis tinguished for his remarkable mildness of temper and disinterested benevolence."* ISAAC OLAEK. The old Rifle Clark of Revolutionary * From Horace G. Kingsley, a grandson of Salmon Kingsley. IRA. 781 times did-not stay in Ira but a short time. He moved from Ira to Castleton, aud (I think), died in that town. I know not whose names were on the char ter of Ira ; it is not iu Ira. John Mason said to me it was at Montpelier and may be there now if not burned witb the Capitol. The first Book of Records in my office are most all survey bills aud grand lists, but few deeds are on record. IsAiAH Masos came into Ira in the year 1780, from Berkshire Co., Mass. Jason Newton came here in 1782. He had three wives and was the Father of 17 chil dren. His oldest son is still living in Mid dletown, aged 84 years. He was in the war of 1814. Jason Newton came from Lanes borough, Mass. PEESEEVED FISH was born Nov. 5, 1770, ou Massachusetts Bay. He immigrated to Ira In 1790, aged about twenty years, owing about ? 70, that he was to pay his brother, Matthew Fish, for his time to twenty one years of age. Mat thew Fish lived and died in Lanesborough. Preserved Fish commenced to work at the mason trade ; was a magistrate in towu over 40 years ; town clerk two years ; represent ed the town thirteen j'ears and was foreman of the grand jury so often the boys of Rut land had for a by-word " a true bill, P. Fish, Foreman.'' He was married to Abagail Car penter in 'August 1791, who outlived him about two years and six months. By this marriage there were twelve children, eleven boys and one girl, all but one of whom lived to be married and of age, and there are eight of the family still alive. Russel Fisfi the eldest of the family, is still living over 80 years old. In the fall of 1869, all of the children now living met in Bangor, N. Y. , and their united weight was 1504 lbs. Preserved Fish worked at the mason trade in Ira and vicinity uutil he got means to buy a farm, atter which his principal busi ness was farming. He was a very successful man for those times. Before his death he had given |20,000 to his children, and after his death there was 945, 000 divided among his heirs. He was a Free Mason and a Tem plar. He died Oct 10. 1849 in his 79th year. When I was a school boy there were three familiBB in school district No. 1 that usually numbered 9 children each, viz. Jason New ton's, Wilson Carpenter's and Preserved Fish's. Alanson Fish, son of Preserved Fish, was born in Ira ; graduated at Middlebury Col lege in the class of 1834 ; studied theology at Newton Theological Seminary, 1834-37 ; was pastor of the First Baptist Church in Chel sea ; died in Ira, July 3, 1840, aged 28. John Mason, Town Clerk, about 40 years, died June 3, 1862, aged 72 years. [Daniel Huntee, born about 1784, grad uated at Middlebury College in 1806, and be came a lawyer. He died at Amsterdam, N. Y., about 1820." — Pierson's Catalogue.] Nathaniel Willmaeth was in this towu in 1793 and died here being over 80 years of age. David Paekee was here in 1800 and died here aged over 80 years. He had a number of sons, Solomon, Calvin C. aud William Parker. Peter Paekee came some years after. He had two sons, Philip and Peter jr. He left this town 40 years ago and deceased in the town of Hampton, Washington Co., N. Y. He lived to be very aged. There were some pe culiarities about the two old men ; they were both great story tellers aud noted for poetry and Peter Parker doted on his courage as a fighter. After he came to Ira, a few roguish boys, one night as Peter was to pass through the .woods to the north part of the town a little East of Bird's Mountain, got some clothes and stuffed them with straw and made an apparition and had it attached to a tree over the road so they could move it back and forward. Peter approached the object iu war like array, with fists drawn and addressed it as follows : Who are you, God, man, or the devil? and drew his fist and knocked it down, emptied out the straw and took the clothes which he needed and marched on. He sometimes would tell fortunes for cider of which he was a great lover as also of the feminine gender. Where the Parkers came from I never knew. FEOM THE MANUAL OF THE BAPTIST CHUEOH IN IEA.* Several families were settled within the present limits of the town of Ira, before the Revolutionary War, whose religious sympa thies were with the Baptists. The town was organized in 1779 ; but there was no Church * Published by order of the church ; QeoA. Tuttle & Co., printers, 1861. 782 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. organization until 1783.* This year through the efforts of Rev. Thomas Skeels, who had preached here occasionally, for 8 years, a few believers now gathered together who were organized into a church, and he was consti tuted pastor. Cephas Carpenter was chosen clerk, and Reuben Baker, deacon. The pas torate of Mr. Skeels was brief; he left in the spring of 1785. The church was supplied oc casionally by Rev. Henry Green, of Walling ford. Rev. Amaaa Brown was settled as pas tor, Feb. 13, 1786, and dismissed, at hia own request, Jan. 30, 1787. Dea. Reuben Baker was licensed to preach May 29, 1788, and continued to minister to the church several years, but was not ordained. Rev. Thomas Skeels was recalled Nov. 15, 1791, and settled on a salary of £ 75 per year, but died in one year, in the triumphs of faith, (his grave is still with us.) The church was theu without stated preaching for several years but was supplied occasionally by Rev. Ezra Wilmarth, Eev. Nathan Mason and others from abroad. Dec. 31, 1801, Rev. Joseph Carpenter, was ordained as pastor of the church, and he di vided his labors between his farm and preach ing on the Sabbath, and from house to house, until 1812. In 1813, Rev. Leland Howard became a member of the church, aud served the church unlil November, 1815, when at his own request he was dismissed. The same autumn. Rev. Wm. Mc Culler became pastor. He was thoroughly doctrinal in his sermons, and his labors were efficient. About 40 heads of families were added to the church in 1816, by which it was greatly strengthened. Rev. Mr. Mc Culler was dismissed in the autumn of 1819. The church again depended upon sup plies from abroad until July 10, 1822, when Rev. Lyman Glazier waa ordained as their pastor. He was a man of excellent spirit, and continued his work until removed by death, in 1825. He lived beloved and died lamented. In the fall of 1825, Rev. John Peck became pastor and continued 2 years, and was dis missed by his own request. He was succeed ed in the spring of 1828, by Rev. Artemas Arnold, who without any special revival bap tized a large number into the fellowship of the church. He waa dismissed in 1830, when the church was agaiu destitute of preaching * The reic.rds do not give tho exact date of this trans action. — Tho flrst tniiisactions of the church, on record, which iipiioar to have been altur tho organiKation was effooti'il, were recorded Nov. 13, 1783. The church was probably organized the summer previous. until Feb. 15, 1832, when Rev. Joseph Pack er, was ordained as an evangelist, and preach ed here more or less for 4 years. A great re vival was in progress when he came, and con tinued its work until he was permitted to baptize more than one hundred perso:.s, most ly in middle life and heads of families. He left in 1836, and the church was again sup plied on the Sabbath by ministers, from abroad and mostly by Rev. John Peck, of whom the records speak as a very conscientious, good man. In the spring of 1836. Rev. John Can-.* non was engaged . for one year, .and again the pnlpit was supplied by Mr. Peck, nntil May 1st, 1838, when Rev. Elias Hurlbut was settled, whose labors were efficient and suc cessful. He was dismissed Jan. 4, 1842, and was followed by Rev. Jacob P. Huntington, in the spring of 1843, whose brief pastorate closed Aug. 31, 1844. Rev. Frederick Page supplied them during 1845 and 1846, hut was never a member of the church. Rev. Levi Smith was settled as pastor, April 10, 1847, and continued his labors until the spring of 1852. His pulpit talent was fine and his ser mons were written with care and labor. An other intercident year elapsed, and the pres ent pastor * was called in May, 1854. During his labors some have been baptized nearly every year, 37 persons in all. The following, have been licensed by the Church as preachers : Deacon Reuben Baker, May 29, 17S3 ; Austin Moshier, Aug. 31, 1833, Alanson Fish, Sept. 14, 1834. Revivals of religion have been enjoyed, aa nearly as can now be ascertained, in Novem ber, 1783, at the time the church was organ ized a very large number, for the population, were added to the church, as appears by the records, but no one now lives to tell us of their joy. Iu November, 1808, a second re vival commenced, and continued through the winter, spreading into the adjoining towns, during which time 225 were added to the membership ; but June 18, 1812, a branch was set ofl' and formed the church at West Clar endon. In 1S16 a most interesting revival occurred, which signally changed the character of the inhabitants of the town, during which about 40 persons, — husbands and their wives, — were received into the church on profession of their faith. In the month of March, 1831, while tha * Kev. Norman Clark settled May 28, 1854. IRA. 733 church was destitute of a pastor, the people ¦ collected together to pray and sing praises, and a great awakening ensued which contin ued through the summer, during which time about a hundred accessions were made, many of whom have been pillars in the church. In 1838, another refreshibg season is re corded, and as the good effects, about 30 per sons believed and were added to us. In 1842-3, the Lord remembered Zion and added to her numbers and her graces. There was no special enlargement again until 1858. A rich shower of grace was then bestowed to recall backsliders and establish the faithful. Between twenty and thirty were added as the fruit of that revival. DEACONS. Dea. Reuben Bater, 1784 ; Nathaniel Tow er, 1798 ; Joseph Tower, 1801 ; Hezekiah Horton, 1801 ; Joseph Collins 1829 ; Edmund Whitmore, 1829; John Mason, 1834; Leon ard Mason 1834 ; Alfred Russel, 1834; Put nam Newton, 1858 ; Lyman Wallace Fish 1858. CHUEOH OLEEKS. Cephas Carpenter, 1783; John Mason, 1821. LICENTIATES. Reuben Barker, licensed May 29, 1788 ; Austin Mosher, licensed Aug 31, 1833 ; Alanson Fish, licensed September 14, 1834 Communion on the first Sabbath of every month. Church meeting on the Saturday MEMBEE3. 1783 ; — d George Sherman, d Joseph Baker, d .Toseph Tower, d George Sherman, jr., d Nathau Lee, d Johu Collins, James Cole, * Nathaniel Mason, * Isaiah Mason, d John Baker, d Eeuben Baker, d Hezekiah Carr, d Cephas Carpenter, d Samuel Newton, e James Marriu, d Thomas Obrien,* Lemuel Roberts, d Rufus Colvin, d David Davies, d Benjamin Allen. 1788 ; — d Thomas Martin, d Benjamin ^arr, d John Davis, jr., d Amasa Brown Nathan Collins, d Nathaniel Tower, * Thomas Skeels, Caleb Spencer, Rufus Bates, Asa Hix, John Davies, Elijah Skeels, Nathaniel Wil marth, Joseph Carpenter, Hezekiah Horton, Oliver Seamans, * Nathaniel Mason, Samuel Wetmore, Joseph Collins, * Samuel Whipple, d Peter Parker, Sarah Bailey, Lydia Collins, Elenor Chloe Sherman,Phebe Carpenter,Sarah Lee, Hannah Bailey, Rebecca Collins, Amy Collins, Elizabeth Cole, Lydia Baker, Eunice Carr, Sarah Newton, Sarah Roberts, Diadarna Colvin, Anna Carr, Freelove Martin, Rachel Martin, Hannah Hix, Elizabeth Roberts, Amy Allen, Abigail Baker, Mary Herrick. 1788: — Lucy Tower, Waitstill Blake, Mary Davis. 1790 : — d Rebecca Bates, Hezekiah Collins, d Abigail Royce, d Susannah Wescott, Mercy Skeels, • Franklin, e Euniee Car penter, Renew Horton, * Mary Seamans, d Mary Davies, Lydia Mason. After 1807 the number of male members added is 280, and of females 404, (1861). The Ira new meeting-house, was built lu 1852, Leonard Morse, Bradley Fish and John Morse, building committee. In the last war with England, 1812, six minute men volunteered from Ira. Company I, Seargent, Jason Newtop jr.. Privates, Seth Russel, David Johnson, Hosea Goodspeed, Nathaniel Tower, and James Hunter, and at the battle at Plattsburgh the whole company volunteered ; but the men that^went or start ed were Capt. Matthew Anderson, Lieu tenant, Edmund Whitmore, Thomas C. New ton ; John Mason, Bussel Fish, Leonard Fish, Leonard Mason, Jacob Butler, Abel Spencer, Noah Peck, Barton Collins, Nathan Collins jr.. Smith Johnson, and Freeman Johnson Musicians ; Edward Carpenter, Israel Car penter and Johu Hall, teamsters to carry luggage, and the soldiers weie Isaiah Mason, Nathaniel Wilmarth, Wilson Carpenter, Omri Warner. The news came to Ira by !>¦ despatch to Preserved Fish to start at once to West Clar endon and notify the people there. The peo ple were at meeting when the despatch came, but the meeting broke np at once and some started to mill and cooking commenced at once, and Monday morning they started pro visioned for Plattsburgh. Preserved Fish, one of the selectmen, offered five dollars extra per month to each man that would volunteer and gave from his own \ ocket if the town did not choose to pay it. In the epedemic of 1813, there died of this disease in Ira, sixteen or seventeen persons. There was formerly a Free Mason Lodge iu Ira, composed to the best of my recollec tion of Jason Newton, Preserved Fish, Jo seph Perry, Simeon Gilford, Ira Carpenter, James Hunter, HIezekiah Horton, Solomon Abbot, Elias Ba.tes, Russell Baker, Rufus Garrett, Eufus Gilford and Preston South- worth. 784 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Eollin C. Hunter was, about 1836, ad mitted to the Eutland County Bar and now resides in the State of Michigan. Caleb B. Haeuington graduated at Mid dlebury, is a lawyer, and resides in Burling ton, Iowa. LCNGEVITT. Mary Mc Coy Tower died Nov. 30, 1872, aged 94 years, 6 months and 24 days. An drew Potter died in the north part of this town a.L^eJ 90 years. Naomi Mason died aged 92. Russel Fish and Perris Mason, each over 80 years are the oldest persons in town. There are 6 school districts in town ; about 2 years there were 7 districts, but Nos. 2, and 7, were united as one district. District No. 5, is partly in the town of Poultney. There are 98 children returned between 5 years and 20. Under 5 years of age 38 children are returned in said town. TEMPEEANCE OEGANIZATION ; MAEOH 24, 1867. President, Bradley Fish ; Vice President, Leonard Mason ; Secretary, E. C. Fish Jr. ; Chorister, S Johnson ; Treasurer, L. T. Ma son. Number that have taken the pledge and become members, 77. SOLDIEES OF THE WAE OF 1861. Three Years Men. Silas Giddings, Ed ward Haly, John Healy, John Hunter, Joseph W. Parker, Aaron Savory, Cornelius Curtis, Thomas Long, Henry Tower, Henry Peters, Levi Plumly, Wra. H. Walker, James Fuller, Henry Davis, Charles W. Peck, Harrison Peck, Collamer Persons, Rollin Russell, Syl vanus Wetmore, Manser Young, John Batch- elder, Benj. Mann, William Hogle. One Years Men. James Fox, H. H. Wheeler, Henry Flagg. Nine Months Men. L. C. Parker, Charles Pateman, Geo. Brown, Gilbert Hanly, Aaron Hinckly, Arthur Morgan, Cyrus Russell, Emmet M. Tower, James C. Wetmore, John Boar, Henry C Tower. Three Months Men. Albert Fish, George Lincoln. statistics of 1873. Town agent and clerk, Bradley Fish ¦ town treasurer, Justus Collins ; selectmen Erwin Collins, P. P. Clark, John Wetmore ; constable and auperintendent, Simon Peck ; listers, A. E. Day, Leonard Fish, Smith John son ; overseer, L. W. Fish ; Justices, Brad ley Fish, Smith Johnson, L. L. Peck, Amos Wetmore, L. F. Mason ; Post Master, Gilman Gilmore ; Pastor, Bev. L. Kinney, Baptist. Maflufacturers : lime, A. E. & L. W. Day; blacksmiths, Lyman Tower, James Logan; carpenter. Martin Curtiss ; masons, Russell Fish, James Brown, G. H. Gilmore; wheel wright, Warren Curtiss ; milliner, Elvira Tower. MENDON. Bi MRS ANNA B, BOOEN. Hon. Joseph Bowker and associates, 34 in number by a petition, requested a grant to found a new township, which request was granted Feb. 25, 1781. Said towu was sur veyed by Major Joseph Crary and contains 8S00 acres. It was incorporated and named Medway by his Excellency Thomas Chitten den. A parcel of land called Parker's Gore was afterwards annexed aud the whole nam ed Parkerstown Nov. 7, 1804, and again Nov. 6, 1827, the name was changed to Mendon, The town was organized in 1806. John Page first town clerk, and as far as we can find on record, Johnson Richardson first justice of the peace. The township lies in lat. 43° 37' and Ion. 4° 10'. Bounded N. by Chittenden, E. by Sherburne, S. by Shrewsbury, W. by Rutland. It is 47 miles sonth from Montpelier and 25 N. W. from Windsor. The surface is hilly and uneven, lying mostly on the Green Mountains. The land, much of it, is high and cold, and incapable of settlement or cultiva tion. There are some good farms, however, along its western borders and good grazing land in other parts of the town. The turnpike from Bethel to Rutland pass es through this town ; also the direct road from Woodstock, through Bridgewater, to Rutland. There being so much high land, yet the town has suffered severely from fresh ets many times, especially in the years of 1811, and 1868. The first saw-mill was built by Zidon Edson, 1810. It was swept away by the freshet of July 1811 ; another was built near by on the same site, about 2 years afterwards. The land being heavily timbered, the priu' cipal business has been lumbering. The first, and for many years the moat act ive business man iu town was Rufus Eichard son. Mar. 11, 1806, the first legal town meeting was holden at the house of Johnson Rich- MENDON. 785 ardson in Parkerstown by virtue of a warn ing signed by John Fuller Esq. justice of the peace within and for the County of Rut land by virtue of an application made to said Fuller by the inhabitants of said town for the purpose of choosing officers for said town for the ensuing year ; and chose Darius Chipman moderator, John Page town clerk, Benjamin Farmer, Johnson Richardson and Daniel Braddish, selectmen, Benjamin Far mer, town treasurer, Minot Farmer, consta ble, Nahum Goddard, Minot Farmer and Phil ip Perkins, listers ; Ira Ingerson, Minot Far mer and James Cnmmings, highway survey ors and the selectmen of said town were chos en committee to receive a deed of Jonathan Parker Esq. for a certain mill-privilege in said Parkerstown for the use of the town. The above named men were duly sworn into office, attest Johu Page, town clerk. The first birth on record in Parkerstown was Trowbridge Maynard Richardson, son of Johnson and Sibil Eichardson, born Nov. 7, 1800; died May 5, 1803. First marriage on record was Lyman Parker and Lucy Perkins, both of Parkerstown, Dec. 4, 1809. They were married hy Johnson Eichardson, justice of the peace. The freemen in 1811, were Zidon Edson, Joseph Eoss, Rufus Richardson, Johnson Eichardson, Rogers Eggleston, James Eg gleston, John Shaw, Eliphalet Webster, Wm. Shaw, Simeon Russell. In 1812, there were 16 voters in town ; in 1823, there were 28 voters. The names of the first men equipped in Parkerstown, belonging to the 4th Co. of infantry, 3d Reg. 2d Brigade and 2d Division of the Militia of the State of Vermont, re siding in the town of Parkerstown, were as follows : — Wm. Sabin, Nathan Hawley, James Eggleston, John Eggleston, Silas Cutler. A list of the freemen in 1816: Jesse Gove, Capt; Abner Hawley, Isaac Sanders, Fred eric BiUington, Wm. Shaw, James Eggleston, Silaa Cutler, David Bragg, Aaron Foster, Oliver Yaw, Nathan Hawley, Rogers Egg leaton, Simeon Russell, Wm. Sabin, Josiah Davia, Wm. Davis, Eufus Eichardson Members of the Constitutional Convention — 1814, Zidon Edson; 1822, Elisha Estabrook; 1828, Eufus Eichardson ; 1838, Timothy Gib son ; 1843, Eufus Eichardson ; 1850, James Wheeler ; 1870, James Firman. In 1807, a free-man's meeting was legally warned and held at the house of Johnson Eichardson in Parkerstown the first Tuesday in Sept. to vote for Governor and other State officers, also to decide whether they could elect a representative the next year. We find no record of any one being elected to represent the town until 1812. In 1807, a towu meeting was held to in stitute means to lay out a turnpike and other roads. Of the first settlers of the town but little is now known. Some grand-children of the first inhabitants are still in the town. It seems probable that Johnson Richardson and family, Jonathan Eggleston from Pequomick, Ct. and a numerous family, aud very likely some of the first town officers were the first settlers. Jonathan Eggleston moved into the northwest part of the town sometime about 1792. Some of his grand-children still reside in that part of the town. The Richardson family are all gone except one grandson. In Jan. 1827, application was made to the selectmen, Nathan Fisher and Timot'ny Gibson, to warn a town meeting for the purpose of designating school districts by numbers ; accordingly they met and organ ized 5 districts. Since then, others have been added, making in all the number of eight. The number of scholars in 1830, over four and under eighteen, was 133. In 1831, the number was 151. 1828, at March meeting, chose Rufus Rich ardson, Amos Robinson and Nathan Fisher committee to look out suitable ground for a burial-place. The first public house for ac commodation for travellers was kept by John son Richardson. The house is now gone and in the middle of where the cellar was is a tree growing 2 feet through. This house was in No. 1 district. About 1817, Estabrooks kept a public house in No. 2 district. Mary Estabrooks was, it is believed, the first school teacher in No. 1 district. TOWN CLERKS. 1806, John Page ; 1808, Johnson ETichard- son ; 1809, John Page ; 1810, Philip Perkins; 1811, Zidon Edson ; 1812, John Shaw ; 1815, Wm. Sabin ; 1817, Elisha Estabrooks ; 1823, Nathan Fisher ; 1833, Draper Ruggles ; 1834, Edward Mussey ; 1835, Ira Seward ; 1836, Edward Mussey; 1840, Zidon Edson; 1841, James K. Pearson; 1850, Eben C. French, VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE.. 1852, James K. Pearsons ; 1853, J. R. Royce Pearsons ; 1855, Alpheus F. Snow ; 1857, James W. Kimball ; 1859, James E. Seward ; 1860, Newton Squiers. He still holds the office, 1871. EEPEESENTATIVES. 1812, Johnson Richardson; 1813, Zidon Edson ; 1814, John Shaw ; 1815, Eufus Eich ardson ; 1816, John Shaw ; 1817 and 18, Wm. Sabin ; 1819, Elisha Estabrooks; 1820 and 21, E. Eichardson ; 1822 Elisha Estabrooks ; 1823, Rufua Richardson ; 1824 to 28, Nathan Fish er ; 1828, Amos Robinson ; 1829, Nathan fish er ; 1830, '31, '32, '33, '34, Edward Mussey ; 1835, Timothy Gibson ; 1836, Edward Mussey. 1837, Timothy Gibson ; 1838, '39, James K. Pearsons ; 1840, Timothy Gibson ; 1841, '42, Samuel Caldwell ; 1843, '44, Leland Houghton; 1845, '46, Ethan Temple ; 1847, Jared Long; 1848, 49, Wm. Harkness ; 1850, John Osborn ; 1851, and 1852, Eben C. French ; 1853, Isaac Mathewson ; 1854, '55, George M. Ransom ; 1856, '57, Ezra Edson ; 1858, Isaac Math ewson ; 1859, '60, Leverett Wilkins ; 1861, '62, George Sawyer ; 1863, '64, Jerry C. Thornton; 1865, '66, J. E. Johnson; 1867,68, Hosea F. Wikins ; '69, '70, Ezra Edson ; Freemen's votes cast in 1870 — 101, Scholars, 1870, 255. Of the men that served in the war of 1812, but three are now living in Mendon they are Eufus Long, Shubael Lamphere and Jeremiah Downey. Eufus Long is almost 86 years old He cultivated his own garden the past sum mer and took care of 20 swarms of bees. Sev eral people have lived in Mendon to be very aged. A Mrs. Walker lived to the age of 99 years 11 months and 12 days. About 4 months previous to her death by her sons re quest she combed and spun 5 knots of wors ted which he carried to Henniker, where she lived when young. Mrs. Hannah Hudson lived to be over 90 years of age. Mrs. Dolly Cady born in Eindge N. H. lived to the age of 91 years 17 daya. Mrs. Cady's maiden name was Sherwiu. Elisha Bryant, born in Plym outh, Mass., came to reside in Parkerstown, lived there many years, never married, died Marcli 29, 1866, aged 91 years. Hilkiah Grout moved into Parkerstown in the early setUement of the town, lived to the age of 86. Cyrus Edson born in Bridgwater Mass. moved to Parkerstown and lived to be 85 years old. Mrs. Abigail Hatch lived in Parkerstown and then in Eutland a few years, then in Men don, raised a family of 13 children, is now living with her daughter iu Mendon. Her husband has been dead several years. She is now in her 93d year. (1871.) In regard to Indians, but one ever lived in the town. He was called Indian John. He had, previous to coming to Medway or Par kerstown, belonged to some tribe of Indiana in the western part of New York. A number of families of whites made a settlement not far from the Indian settlement, the Imlians determined to plunder and destroy them. In dian John gave the whites warning and they prepared for them, so the project failed. The Indians mistrusted John and slit the rims of his ears and he then found they were devis ing a harder punishment for him. He accord ingly fled to the America.n army. They were about to go through the wilderness towards the lake to join some others tliere. He knew they would be waylaid by Indians and pilot ed them another route from what they had designed to go. They went safely and for that act government gave him a reward. He had a pension from government. But tho Indians were furious and determined on his destruction. He found his way however into the wilds of Parkerstown aud built a camp not far from Johnson Eichardson's, where he used to make quite a home. Indians used to come lurking about suspecting something of his whereabouts, sometimes they kept around many days, the family wonld keep him se creted till they were gone. Once three of them got on his track and followed on till they got a glimpse of him but he got a glimpse of them also. He came to a brook and crossed it on a log. There happened to be a large tree turned up by the roots iu exact range of the log he had crossed. He fled behind the turned up roots and waited. They followed his track, came to the log, held a short talk, then all three started to cross, he, meantime, had made a hole through the dirt on the roots so that he could put his gun through and take good aim, when they were fairly in range one after the other he fired, killed two and wounded the third. He ran and took one of the Indiana guns and shot the third, and then went to work and hid the dead Indiana, took their guns, and went to Richardson's and told them what he had done. He was never mo lested after that, only some Indians once in Rutland made enquiry, but could learn noth ing about him. He used to bring in pieces MENDON. 787 of lead wbich he said he found and promised he 'Would sometime tell where there was plen ty of it. He lived to be very old. No one knew his age, but judged hira to be over 90 years. He died very suddenly. He tried to tell them something before he died but could not make them understand. In 1818, Thomas Hunt came to Parkers town and was accepted as au elder or preach er by a few professing members of the Meth odist Reformed Church. He brought a cer tificate from Douglass, Mass., but never form ed a church, although he preached sometime. In 1819, Blackmer Cook, a blind man, brought a certificate from a Free Will Bap tist Church in BurriUville, giving him license to^ireach and baptize, also to found a church and administer church ordinances. Th« in habitants of that part of the town accepted ¦ of his preaching for a time, but no'^er formed Sny regular church. When the town was chartered it was de cided to reserve certain lots of land as min isterial lands for the support of the gospel, and in 1806, the selectmen were instructed to lease said lands. It was also understood that they were to go to the first settled minis ter settled in the said town unless some previ ous agreement was made with him. In the latter part ofthe year 1835, a young man by the name of Crowley came and preached a while. He had never been ordained. The inhabitauts had some talk of having him or dained and accepting him for a minister, but did not wish to give him the land ; only the profits accruing from it ; but he insisted on having the lands to sell or dispose of as he saw fit. The inhabitants then thought to make matters safe and sure they would find some minister that would quit-claim the lands to the town. To do this it was necessary to organize some society, they accordingly got up the following society: — Jan. 23, 1836, a meeting was duly called, - officers elected, and the following resolutions adopted, accepted and signed, viz. — " We the subscribers, inhabitants of the Town of Mendon, County of Rutland, State of Vermont, do hereby voluntarily associ ate and agree to form a society by the name of the Mendon Union Religious Society in Mendon aforesaid for the purpose of settling and supporting a minister according to the first section of an act entitled an act for the support of the gospel, passed Oct. 27th, 1798, in witnes, whereof, we have hereunto sever ally se.t our hands, Mendon, this 23d day of Jan. in the year of our Lord 1836. Draper Ruggles, Wm. Foster, Samuel Cald well, A. M. Gibson, Ira Felch, Rufus Rich ardson, Supply Nims, Ira Seward, Roswell Gibson, Jeremiah Green, Henry Strong, Ed ward Mussey, James K. Pearson, Coomer H. Boorn, David Rice, C. C. Burditt, F. B. Tem ple, James M. Farnum, Ira W. Seward, Tim othy Gibson, Blackmer Cook." Therefore, said articles of agreement, signed as aforesaid, the subscribers organized them selves into a body corporate aud politic and adopted the following resolution : — " We resolve that the officers of the Men don Union Religious Society shall be a pres ident or moderator, a secretary or clerk, a treasurer and a prudential committee of three who shall hold their offices for the term of one year from and after the time of annual meeting of said society or until others shall be chosen. Said Society then proceeded to choose officers for the ensuing year, when Ira Seward was chosen moderator or president ; Edward Mussey clerk or secretary ; James K. Pearson treasurer ; Roswell Gibson, Timothy Gibson, Eufus Eichardson were chosen pru dential committee." At the close of the meeting it was decided to look up a minister and install or ordain him pastor over the Mendon Union Society. They heard of an ordained minister of the Universalist persuasion who was not pastor over any church, but resided in Stockbridge, Vt. (his name was Elbridge Wellington,) ac cordingly they sent one of the committee to treat with him and learn if he would accept of the charge of pastor over the said society and quitclaim all right to said lands and by deed to give the land to the town forever. He readily agreed to do so and put himself under bonds $2,500. Eev. Eussel Streeter of Woodstock being his bondsman. The 25th of Jan. 1836, at half past ten o'clock A. M. a meeting was held at the school-house (there being no meeting house in the town) for the installation. Eev. R. Streeter preached the installation sermon. Rev. Mr. Gifi'ord of Shrewsbury gave the charge and also, the right hand of fellowship. Mr. Wellington made the concluding prayer. Two laymen were present. As soon as the meeting closed Rev. Mr. Wellington and others went immedi ately to the town clerk's office where a deed was made out and recorded of which the fol lowing is a copy : — " Know all men by these presents that El bridge Wellington, of Stockbridge in the County of Windsor State of Vermont hav ing this day been regularly installed as min- 788 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ister over the Mendon Union Religious. Soci ety and being therefore settled minister in said town of Mendon in consideration of one dollar received to my full satisfaction, of the treasurer of Mendon, the receipt whereof I hereby acknowledge, have remised, released nnd forever quitclaimed unto the town of Mendon three certain measurings or tracts of land of which I am seized in fee by virtue of being the first settled minister in said town of Mendon and being the same tracts of land, which were drawn to the original right of the first settled minister, in the first second and third division of the same to have and to hold the aforesaid premises with all the priviledges and appurtenances to the said tract of land helonging and pertaining, unto the said town of Mendon, to their sole use forever, so that neither I the said Elbridge nor my heirs nor any person nor persons claiming under me or tnem, shall at any time hereafter by any way or means have claim or demand or any right or title to the aforesaid premises or appurtenances or any part or parcel thereof forever — in witness whereof I said Elbridge Wellington have here unto set my hand and seal this 25th day of January in the year of our Lord one thous and eight hundred and thirty-six. Signed sealed and delivered in presence of ELBEIDGE WELLINGTON. (L. S.) EUSSEL STEEETEE. MOSES STRONG." The inhabitants then thought fit to hire Mr. Wellington to preach in Mendon for a time; to which offer, he for a reason.able com pensation agreed to accede and preached half the time here for 2 years, when he left the State and went to Maine. The money accru ing from said leased lands has ever since been paid over to ministers of different denom inations who have preached in town. Many Methodist preachers have occasion ally preached at dift'erent parts of the town. Anthony Eice, a Methodist minister, former ly, often visited and preached, and several cir cuit preachers occasionally came aud held rneelings for several years. There were some Congregational people and some Baptists, they generally went to Rutland to meeting. The Baptist were call ed u, branch of the Rutland Baptist Church, In those days the south-western part of Men- dim being so near East Entland it was more conveni(uit for the inhabitants to attend mooting there, consequently many belonged to chui-ilies tliere. There had never been any particular excitement, or what is gen erally calleil revival of religion in town. They wero in the condition of a people of olden time " when there was no king " every one did that which was right in his own eyes. Meetings were few and far between and thinly attended when there were any. The sabbath was desecrated, being used as a day of pleasure, hunting, fi.shing aud drink ing, by a certain class of men, and making calls, going berrying or some unnecessary work by the women, while children found almost any amusement to suit them. Men don became noted as a wicked place in gen eral ; but in the winter of 185S, a revival of religion commenced in Eutland, meetings were frequent and many were interested in them. Some one gave invitation to some of the foremost and prominent men to come aud hold meetings iu the- school-house in the northwest part of the town: accordingly several gentlemen from East Rutland village came once a week and profitable meetings were heU the remainder of the winter. Meetings were well attended ; many were anxious inquirers and quite a number wero hopefullv converted : some united with the different churches in Eutland in the month of May. The same year a sabbath-school was organized. We had good helpers from Rut land to assist in organizing and getting iu scholars. Among others was Mr. Johu B. Page and Mr. Henry Dyer, Mr. James Bar rett, Mr. Bennett and Mr. Luther Daniels. Mr. J. B. Page gave a library to the school, and took an active part in assisting. Mr. H. Dyer accepted the superintendence of it through the summer aud fall. Rev. Mr. Howe, an Episcopal Methodist minister, preached at the school-house every two weeks. The Sabbath school met at the school-house every sabbath at 4 o'clock : school exercises lasted an hour, then a prayer meeting was held an hour. In September — same year three old women going home from the school and meeting, being wearied going so far and climbing so hard a hill, decided that there must be a meeting house in Men don, accordingly ilonday they met to decide ways and means. They three decided to have a Ladies' Society organized for one year, the funds raised to be appropriated towards the building of a meeting-house in Mendon. They sent for a miuister and others to como to the residence of C. H. Boorn, on Thursday of the same week at 2 o'clock to organize a Ladies' Society ; also sent notice a couple of miles around that a gathering would be held, at said house on aforesaid day and all were MENDON. 789 requested to attend. The thing was so nov el that 21 were found at their first gather ing. The society constitution was framed, officers chosen, by-laws agreed to and all agreed to work with a good will for oue year as regularly as they could. This society was organized Sept. 23, 1858. After a few weeks of the gatherings, one of the old women got up a subscription paper and carried it around to the gentlemen ; all of whom seemed will ing to help according to their means. Many possessed bnt small means and were unable to do much, but the people in Rutland read ily gave a helping hand. Among the fore most were John B. Page, Mr. J. Barrett, Rockwood Barrett, Luther Daniels, B. H. Burl and other names too numerous to men tion. Among the ladies of Rutland who aid ed in helping we mention a few : Mrs. J. B. Page, Mrs. Stevens, Mrs. George Cheney, the Misses Penfields aud Mrs. J. Pierpont ; and many others rendered efficient aid. In Sept. 1859, Mr. J. Barrett sold us a piece of land belonging to him and his son Rockwood. Said land was in the middle of the village of Mendon. It was a desirable place for a meeting-house. He let us have it at a low price. He had previously been offered much more for it than he required us to pay for it. In Sept. 1859, the house was raised, and fin ished on the out-side the same fall before Christmas, and the Ladies' Society held a lovee in the new meeting-house to sell off articles made in the society. Rutland people came in large loads and assisted us to aell, and bought many things and helped to make the gathering a complete success. The weath er became cold, the days short and it was thought best to defer work ou the house till spring. When the spring work was done the work was renewed and the building finished. It was dedicated about the first of August 1860, and named a Union Meeting House. Elder Leland Howard preached the dedication sermon, Eev. Dr. Aiken assisted iu the services. Dr. Aiken was at tbat time Congregational minister in Rutland. After the house was dedicated it was thought advisable to hire a, minister. Elder Leland Howard had been pastor of the Bap tist Chuich in Rutland several years, but his lailing health would not permit his attending to ao large a charge. He had given it up for a time and they had another miniater for that year, so the inhabitants of Mendon made ap plication for and obtained his services for tha remainder of the year. When cold weather set iu, he was not able to come, but Rutland supplied our house with preachers of different denominations awhile. In, or about the last of Feb. 1861, Mr. R. H. Howard, an Episco pal Methodist preached about 2 months and after the Methodist Conference set they sent Mr. Spencer, Episcopal Methodist, 1 year. Ha left the spring of 1862, when Elder Howard, Baptist, again supplied preaching through the summer till cold weather set in. A Mr. Barton, Wesleyan, Methodist, came aud preached through the winter of 1863, and remained through that year and till spring of 1864. The next minister was Mr. Herrick, Episcopal Methodist, till the spring of 1865 ; succeeded by Mr. Loveitt, Episcopal Methodist, who remained 2 years, till tha spring of 1867. Then, Bev. N. E. Jenkins, 2 years, a Wesleyan Methodist, who left in tbe spring of '69. Rev. Mr. Stewart 2 years till the spring of 1871, also Wesleyan Meth odist. Rev. Mr. Barns, Wesleyan, is tha present incumbent in 1871. In Nov. 26th. 1867, Rev. N. E. Jenkins organized a Wes leyan Methodist Church at the Union Chap - el in Mendon. Tha following are the names of those constituted members at that time : George A. B. Bissel, Jasper L. Williams, Ira Ormsby, Wm. Tenny, Wm. D. Kenniston, Mary L. Keniston, James Ranger, Mary Ann Farr, — since theu others have been add ed, Mrs. Elvira Nichols, Mrs. Christiana Wil liams, Miss Clara Pike, Mr. Collins Eggles ton, Mrs. Deborah Eggleston, Mrs. Smith, Mra. E. Eichardson, B. H. Barns, Abel N. Barns, Ellen Shaw, Edward Eggleston. In the year 1834, Draper Ruggles from Rutland, aud in company with him, a brother in-law, Mr. Norman Hurd, came to Mendou and set up a tannery in the north-west part of the town. They carried it on two or three years wheu it passed iuto tha hands of Alanson Mason, J. Barrett, Brown & Go. Mason got tired of it left and went West; then Mr. Barrett engaged John Osborn from Danvars Mass. to carry on the concern. Os born built and set up a small store in the vil lage of Mendon. A neighborhood library was got up ; Osborn was first librarian. Edward Mussey, before this had kept a tavern in the old Estabrook's stand, a little distance south of said village. He bought a place in the village, added considerable to tha house and 79.0 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. opened a tavern and kept the first post office in town. Osborn carried on tha tanning business till 1850. He theu went back to Massachusetts and the tannery building pass ed into the hands of Isaiah Averill who cleared out the tanery concern and put in a pill-box factory and worked at that till all the white birch near by was worked up, when it passed back into Barrett's hands. Then Wm. G. Walker moved into tha place and put machinery into the building for a worsted factory. Tha basement part is now a stave-factory. The machinery for worsted is not now in operation, but they expect to start again next spring — (1872.) The village of Mendon (a small place to call village) is in the north-west part of the town, ou the direct road from Rutland to Woodstock, through Bridgewater, and also to Bethel through Stockbridge. There are only about a dozen families there now. The meet ing-house is in about the middle of the vil lage. There is a, grocery-store kept in the place, and a blacksmith's shop. Tha post of fice is kept at the grocery by Mr. Aloton Ben nett. They have a Temperance society, and since the meeting-house has been occupied, the Sabbath is better observed and the sab bath-school has never yet winter killed as in some small places. No disputes have been raised in town in regard to doctors and law yers. They have neyer been blessed by the former nor cursed by the latter, — none in town. The grand list in 1811 was $ 1,68L90. The population as follows: 1791, was 34 ; ISOO, was 37 ; 1810, was 111; 1820, " 174; 1830, " 432;1S40, '" 545; 1850, " 554 ; 1870, " 612. Accidental Deaths. In April, 1853, Har rison Searls, killed by logs at the mill rolling on to him. In 1832, Mrs. Petty, in attempt ing to dip up a pail of water out of the race way, fell iu and was carried under the wheel and crushed to death. In July of 1S49, Fred erick Ranger accidentally shot himself and fell dead. In 1859 John Eggleston was found dead in tha field, it was supposed, died in a fit. In 1866, Joseph CuUett, killed by the fall of a tree ; the same year, Fannie Farr, a child, killed by a fall from a gate. In 1851, Ellis Pratt, killed by the fill of a tree. In 1853, Wm. Eggleston, killed by the fall of a tree. In June, 1867, Mrs. Francis Willis and her daughter Julia, a young girl, while stand ing in their door wore killed by lightning. The elevation of Mendon village above Rutland court-house is 3.94 ft. barometric measurement by Joel Andrews of Albany, N.Y. CrEus Edson, born in Bridgewater, Mass., moved to Parkerstown in 1825. He lived to be 85 years old. His son, Ezra Edson, came into Parkerstown with his father's family, afterwards went away to learn the trade of blacksmith, in 1838. Married Angeline Washburn of Bridgewater, Mass., moved to Mendon in 1840. Ever since that time ho has held some town office. He haa been Jus tice of the peace 25 years, except one year of the time ; he has been an active man aud much looked up to not only in town affairs, but in aiding and encouraging the cause of religion, always ready with pursa and hand to pay for preaching, and an efficient helper in the Sabbath School, and been superinten dent much of tha time since the school was organized or at least when no ona else want- ad that office. James K. Peaeson, born in Rutland, moved into Mendon about 1835. He was a prominent man and held several town offices. He was a peace-maker and never liked law suits. All difficulties, he advised his towns- » men to settle among themselves. He was al so a charitable man to tha poor or unfortu nate and kept the town clear of paupers aev eral years. Although he was a poor man he always had a trifle to give if any one was in need. Ha died in March of 1853. One in cident of his life I will relate. When the ministerial lands were given to tha town, it was agreed that every religious society in town should have a share of it. There had been only Methodist preaching some years and they had the money or some part of it. Mr. Pearsons claimed that some other preach ing might be had and said he wanted a dol lar and would engage a minister to preach a lecture on a certain evening. It was given to him, and he went to Rutland to see Elder Howard, and told him he wanted him to come to Mendon and give a lecture on a cer tain evening, aud also told him about the dollar he had got, aud said he would send a team to bring him to Mendon and carry him back again. The thing took tha Elder's fan cy. He had never preached iu Mendon and asked Pearson of what denomination the generality of the people were. Pearson said they were free thinkers. MENDON. 791 When the evening came, the school house was well filled, as a notice had beeu given out. The Elder came and was by the stove to warm himself, it being in the winter. He looked- around and observed a full house, and said he was glad to see them. Ha also said, your neighbor Pearson invited me here to talk to yon and said you ware free think ers, and now I will try to tell you of some thing to think about. He commenced his meeting and then took for his text these words," What think ye of Jesus f" All were interested and attentive and Elder How ard had always friends in Mandoni after that. Many still remember something of that dis course. In a part of Mendon called tha Notch, was the mill, well stored with lumber and logs and a large quantity of wood corded up. In May of 1871, tha saw-mill, 2 barns and 7 dwelling houses were burned down with the household stuff they contained and most of tho clothing belonging to the families. A number of men hired to work getting out lumber, lost all their clothes except what they had on. Thare being so much dry lum ber aud bark, before they were aware of dan ger they were surrounded with a sea of flame. The cattle and horses were got away but some hogs and fowls were lost ; loss estimated at $20,000. Zidon Edson was born in Grafton, Vt. He was one of the early settlers of Parkerstown, built the first mill in town in 1810 or in 1811; it was carried off by a freshet, he suffered con siderable loss at t'nat time. The place where he hved was on tha road from Rutland to Woodstock, he got np and went out doors ear ly one morning and saw his hog rooting some thing abont in the road, went but and aaw the hog had a pair -of saddlebags tumbling them abont, he took them into the house opened and examined them and fonnd 2 large bundles of Bank notes in them, ha then went out examined the road, saw tracks where a horse had just passed. He followed on the tracks to Rufus Richardson's publio house. A man had just dismounted from the horse, and gone iuto the house, and as Edson came in, was giving orders to have his horse unsaddled and fed while he could have some breakfast, said he wanted a pair of saddle-bags brought into the house. Richardson went to obey or ders, took care of the horse, but found no sad dle-bags. When he came in, he asked for them. Richardson said there were none on the horae. The man was positive, accused Richardson of secreting them. (Edson by the bye had slip ped them into another room, when he came in). Matters began to grow serious, some bard threatening words passed, whan Edson asked the man if he should know his saddlebags if he saw them, and if he kuew certain he left them on the horse. Tha mau was ready to take any oath that they ware on tha horse when ha came into the house. Edson theu stepped to the place whera he put them and brought tham forward well daubed with mud and dirt. The man was instantly calmed down ; convinced he had been careless, he said the money was intrusted to him to con vey from Rutland to Woodstock. Mr. Edson was many years a well known and an active citizen of Eutland. He resided at different times in Mendou and Shrewsbury in Eutland county. He was a delegate to the Constitu tional convention of 1814, from Meudon, (then Parkerstown), and that of 1822, from Shrewsbury and was representative from Par kerstown to the general assembly of Vermont in 1813, and from Shrewsbury in 1822, '25 and '26. He held several offices in Meudon, and was a business man. Ha removed to tha West in 1850 ; after that he resided most of tha time with his daughter in Aurora, 111.; died April 6, 1870, aged 85 years. He was a represen tative man of New England flfty years ago, strong, bold and rugged in character and con victions, fearless for the right. He had a pre dilection and a mind peculiarly fitted for the legal profession, but poverty and its attend ant circumstances in early life frustrated his chosen aim and he became a farmer ; bnt many years his face was familiar at the sessions of our County courts, and of his long services as magistrate in Mendon and Shrewsbury, many anecdotes are extant, illustrative of his sound common sense, his native shrewdness, his ap preciation and love of justice, and his abhor- auce of all deception and wrong. In him was mora than fulfilled the allotted period of life, full of years and ripe for the harvest, he has dropped the husks of this material life and passed away. [Mrs. Boorn, tho writer of this sketch, now in her 78th year, is a smart woman of the old school. "We visited her by her special, kind request at her home in Mendon— a pleasant home among the mountains— in 1862 or '63. Iier family consists of herself and hus band. Both are now in poor health, and will appar ently soon pass away. — Ed.] 792 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Names. Age. Reg. Eobert Penor, 23, 2 Abel M. Peters, 23, 5 Marcus E. Tenney, 18, SOLDIEES FUENISHED BY MENDON. Co. Enlisted. Remarks. B May 8, '61. Re-en. Dec. 31, 1863 ; Must, out July 15,'65. G Sept. 4, '61. discharged Dec. 24, '62 ; re-en. Dec 16i '63, wounded, sent to general hospital. B Aug. 13, '62. woun'd ilay 3, '63 ; pro. Serg. Feb. 28, 2d, Lieut. June 7, '64, must, out, June 19, '65. G Aug. 23, '61. deserted Sept. 18, '62. G Aug. 23, '61. transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, 1865. GAug. 28, '61. deserted June 25, 1862. G Aug. 24, '61. died Jan. 24, 1862. . G Aug. 27, '61. pro. Corp., wounded, sent to gen. hos Oct 20, ]8(;3. GAug 23, '61. discharged, Jan. 13, 1862. G Aug. 26, '61. discharged Dec, 14, '61, agaiu en. July 30, '62 in 10th, reg. Co. C. died Dec. 17, '63! G Sept. 2, '61. transferred to invalid corps, Sept. 1, '63. GAug. 22, '61. discharged July 1, '62. G Aug. 13, '62. Sick in gen. hos. since ilay 4 ; '64 deserted. G " deserted Feb. 5, '64. G " wound, and missing in action, May 6 '64 I Jan. 22, '62. died at Ship Island, Oct. 19, '62. B Dec. 2, '61. died Sept. 20, '62. D Dec. 9, '61. re-en. Feb. 16, '64 ; pro. Corp., then sergt, June 1, '65; reg. quartermaster, sergt. Feb. 1, '66; must, out quarter master sergt. ilarch 14, 1866. Henry H. Rowa, Elijah M. Mann, Edward J. Neff, Harrison D. Peters, Nelson A. Rich, Frank Sanders, Isaac Sawyer, Frederic Wilcox, Wallace Wilkins, Franklin H. Downey, Luther Rice, Nelson E. Wheeler, Nelson Durkee, Charles Wilkins, Oliver P. Mordick, Justin Clark, John Plath, Wm. H. Shedd, Joseph H. Peters, Joseph H. Peters, jr., Ebenezer H. Ehodes, Enos Goslaw, Alfred Peters, Wm. D. Kenniston, Josiah Brown, jr., Amos W. Edson, Christopher E. Rice, Frederic F. Cady, Albert W. Edson, Melvin C. Edson, Wm. Rock, George A. Wilkins, Charles W. Pett-y, Phineas R. Rice, Harlan P. Sherwin, Joel S. Frink, Alonzo Hoyt, Charles Stebbins, Wm. Butterfly, John Provost, Wm. Stewart, John Kennedy, George Potter, George Henry Rook, Anthony Birney, John Lambert, Henry Rowe, Wm. E. Stone, Paul Clark, Clark L Long, Friend Weeks, 25, 5 26, 5 27, 5 19, 5 18, 5 21, 5 19, 5 29, 5 19, 5 30, 2 18, 5 19, 5 45, 7 20, 7 18, 7 18, 7 34, 25, 7 45, 7 18, 7 36, 7 43, 7 24, 7 7 18, 9 D Dec. 16, '61. D Jan. 20, '62. D Jan. 15, G Jan. 17, '>:• I Jan. 14, '6 I Jan. 14, 'ti I Jan. 9, 62. B June '63. deserted Feb. 19, '65. '62. D Dec. 21, '61. discharged June 6, D Dec. 27, '61 re en. Feb 19, '64 ; discharged Dec. re-en. Feb. 20, '61. died Nov. 22 '62. died Nov. 10, '62. died April 4, '62. died Jan. 6, '63. pro. sergt., discharged Oct. 22, '63. '62. des. Dec. 10 '62, returned under President's proclamation, dishon. dis. June 1*65. remov'd and trans, to Vet. res. corps, July '62, 23, 9 B June 18, '62, 33,10 43,12 18, 12 29, 12 20, 12 30, 12 18,14 44, 14 2i-<, 14 20, 12 2:.;, 7 21, 7 19, 7 21, 7 32, 7 26, 7 35, 7 IS, Istcav, 211, 5 C July 16, KAug. 25, KAug. 19. KAug. 23, KAug. 25, K HSept. 10, '62.'62.'62. '62. '62. 62. 1, '64. re-en. Sept. 1, 1864, absent, sick June 13, '65, died July 6, '65. deserted July 7, '63. pro. Corp. re-en. Feb. 17, '64, pro. serg. '65. re-en, Feb. 16, '64. 25, 5 23, Istcav. 7 18, 9 33, Istcav 1 H H K.^ug. 25, '62. D Dec. 16, '61. D Dec. 5, '61. B Aui;. 2'\ '64. mustered out July 14 '65. KFeb. 1, '65. D Feb. 13, '(55. D Feb. 14, '65. DFeb. 6, '65. KAug. 16, '64. must, out June 21, '65. EAug. 14, '62. pro. corp. Oct. 24, '64; must, out, June 19, *65. E Ort '/^'ei*^^' '^^"^"' ¦^'^'^' "°' ^^ ' '""*'• °"^'' '^"°® ^^' '^^• RA„„ in •,^, '^''^'J ^'liile belonging to 7th reg. B Aug. 10, bi. must, out June 13, '65 .DSept. 6, '64. must, out June 21, '65. served as substitute in Co. F., died. MENDON. 793 Names. Age. Reg. Co. Enlisted. Rema? Leland Williams, 26, 10 0 Deo. 11. Crick Sprague, 18, 9 B Aug. 10, '64. must out June 13, '65. Edward Z. Holbrook, 18, 9 B Lewis A. Martin, 18, 9 B Aug. 15, '64. died Nov. 21, '64. Addison Webster, 21, o I Aug. 12, '62. deserted Jan. 1, '64. Men drafted andpaid commutation. Harvey Corey. George Petty, George Eggleston, Eeuben Eanger. Wm. Kimball, jr., Willard Edson, furnished substitute. Le land Williams, paid commutation, and after wards re-enlisted, was taken prisoner, libera ted and served to the close of the war, and mustered out. JI. S. navy men paid by Mendon for services . David Conner, Antonio Eoderick, Wm. Harrigan, Charles Smart. James Landy, Mendon furnished, in number, for soldiers, more than half the number of legal voters in town, paid about $13,000 bounty money, and paid commutation money, § 2,400, and furnished two man over tha quota required, quite a number of men belonging to Mendon enhsted in and went for other towns. mendon incidents. When Rufus Richardson was a young man, living at home, at his father's, who kept a sort of public house in Mendon, to accomo date travellers, crossing the mountain from Eutland to Woodstock, his mother had to keep a hired girl, and she had a good smart one ; her name was Lydia Fales. Eufus and Lydia took a liking for each other and agreed to get married. Both of them were great workers and very economical. They hardly could spare time to go to Rutland to get married and there was no one in Mendon nearer than Rutland to perform the ceremony, so they waited a little, till it so happened one day Esq. Williams of Eutland, who had bus iness to attend to in Woodstock, called at Eichardson's to get a baiting for his horse and dinner for himself. Lydia was washing that day, had got all dona except to finish mopping the floor. She was right in the midst of that exercise when in came Eufus and told her there was a justice of the peace in the other room and proposed they should be married then, which she agreed to, provi ded she might stand up and have tha cere mony performed just as she was, without the trouble of changing her dresa, which waa agreed to. The Justice was called in. She threw down her mop and was married. She then took up her mop and finished her work without any more hindrance. She made him a good wife, was a good neighbor and a kind mother to a large family of children. Her husband was one of the first busiuess man in town and was always consideied so as long as he lived. One moi'e incident to show Mendou as it was some four or five years ago. Mr. Edson Johnson kept a public house where the Richardson's used to. The young folks up there were decided to have a supper and a dance at Johnson's hall. Mr. Johnson hap pened to ba down at what is called Mendon Village and gave out several invitations to have all that were pleased to do so come and take supper and join the company. The Methodist minister happening to come along, Johnson gave him au invitation also. The Minister said ha could not dance, never knew how, and his vocation was preaching — he could do that well. Johnson said, come and preach to us then ; he would warrant him an attentive audience and good treatment and a good supper. The Minister asked what time they would have supper ? Well, Johnson thought, they would gat through dancing and be ready for supper about 11, or between that and 12 o'clock. The minister said he always ate his supper early. Well, Johnson said, come and preach after their supper. Finally he agreed to come, and the evening of the party several neighbors went with him. They got there just as supper was end ed. Johnson had given out word what was going to be, and the house was full,. Every thing all ready for the preaching. The min ister soon commenced his meeting in the usual way and took for his text " For bodily exercise profiteth little — but godliness, is profitable unto all things — having promise of the life that now is and of that which is to come. Tim. iv. 8. Every one was attentive. All were interested. The audience, whan he had finished his discour.-ie, asked him to con tinue longer and thankijd him for coming, and ever after as long as he remained in Mendon, he had full meetings on the sabbath. 794 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. MIDDLETOWN. BY HON. BAENE8 FRISBIE. Middletwon, situated in the S. W. part of Rutland County, is bounded N. by Poultney aud Ira, E. by Ira and Tinmouth, S. by Tin- moutli and Walls and W. by Wells aud Poult ney. The territory of which it is composed was taken from the towns of Poultney, Ira, Tinmouth and Wells. Poultney, Tinmouth and Wells received their charters as early as 1761. Tha data of the charter of Ira is be lieved to have been about tha same time. I have been unable to obtain the exact date. The township of Middletown was created by an act of the Legislature, Oct. 28, 1784. the act or incoepoeatiok. At an adjourned session of the General Assembly of tha State of Vermont, held at Bennington tha third Thursday in February, 1784, on Friday afternoon, February 27th the following record is made: A petition signed by Joseph Spaulding, and fifty others, inhabitants of the northwest corner of Tinmouth, northeast corner of Wells, southeast corner of Poultney, and southwest corner of Ira, setting forth' that tha mountains, &c., around them are so impracticable to pass that it is with great trouble and difficulty that they can meet with the towns they belong to, in town and other meetings, &c., and praying that they may be incorporated into a town, with the privileges, &c., was read and refer-' ed to a committee of five, to join a, committee from the Council, to take the same into con sideration, state facts and make report. The members chosen were Mr. Whipple, Mr. Moses Eobinson, Mr. Jewett, Mr. Tavlo'r and Mr. Cogsell. ^ On Monday, March 1st, 1784, the following record appears on the journal of the House : The committee, Mr. Whipple, Mr. M. Eob inson, Mr. Jewett, Mr. Taylor and Mr. Cog- sell, with the committee of the Council, ap pointed on the petition of Joseph Spauldiuf, and fifty-two others inhabitants of Wells' Tinmouth, Ac, brought in the following re port : ° " That it is our opinion that the petition be laid over until the ne.xt session of Assem bly ; and tlial this assembly appoint a disin terested Committee, consisting of three per sons, at the cost of the petitioners, to go on the premises, state facta, and make report to tho next session of Assembly." The aforesaid report was read and accept ed : Whereupon, Rrsuheil, Ihat a committee of three be appointed to nominate three peraons for said committee, and make report. The members chosen were Mr. S. Knight, Mr. Whipple and Mr. Cogsell. On the opening of the afternoon session of that day the following record was made : Mr. S. Knight, Mr. Whipple and Mr. Cog sell the Committee appointed to nominate a disinterested Committee, on the petition of Joseph Spaulding, of Wells, &c., brought in the following report, viz. " That they Ijeg to nominate Mr. Mosoa Eobinson, of Rupert, Mr. Nathaniel Blanch ard, of Rutland, and Brewster Higley, Esq., of Castleton, for said Committee, Where upon, Resolved, That tha aforesaid Mosas Robin son, Nathaniel Blanchard and Brewster Hig ley, be, and they are hereby appointed a Committee, agreeable to the report of the Committee who took said petition under con sideration, and that they make their report of the facts and their proceedings at the next session of the Assembly. And that Mr. Robinson appoint the time and place for hear ing the parties, and notify the other members of the Committee, and the parties, to attend accordingly. At the next session of the Genaral Assem bly, held in October at Rutland, the Com mittee made their report of the facts, accom panied with a bill incorporating certain ter ritory of the towns of Wells, Poultney, Tin- . mouth and Ira, into a town under the name of Middletown. Prior to this action the territory of which it is composed was included in the above named four towns. The settlement was commenced some years before 17S4; and in speaking of this Set tlement, we shall, for convenience, speak of it as Middletown. The exact date when the first settlers camo here, perhaps cannot uow be given It was before the Revolutionary War. Mr. Thomp son in his history says, that " the settlement. was commenced a short time before the Rev olutionary War by Thomas Morgan and others," " and mills were erected." Thomaa ilorgan came here before the war, and so did Richard and Benjamin Haskins, Phineas Gloui;h and Luther Filmore. Mr. Morgan, who lived until 1841. said to me before his death, when he came bare he found hia way by markc-d trees, and throughout the entire town it was one unbroken forest. Ha said he came about 3 years before the war and when that commenced left. But he probably treated the stirring events of 1777 in this region, in which we may include the evacua tion of Ticonderoga, Burgoyne's invasion, and tha battle of Bennington, as the com mencement of the war, for he was here until a short time before the battle of Bennington, Aug. 16, 1777. The probability is the set tlement was commenced in 1774. MIDDLETOWN. 795 Mr. Morgan, after he came, put up a log house, and commenced clearing the forest. He purchased 100 acres of land about three fourths of a mile south of whare the village now is, and put up hia log house a few feet north of where the framed-house now stands on the " old Morgan farm.'' By the summer of 1777, I should judge ha had made cotisid- erable progress in clearing up his land, as he had that summer 4 acres of wheat. Ha was called away to Bennington, and his wheat was never harvested. Eichard Haskins had commenced a settle ment a little east of the village, near whare Lucius Copelaud Esq., now lives. He too, in 1777, had 2 acres of wheat whic'n he never harvested, but went to Bennington. Benj. Haskins had built a log house and commenced a settlement near where Dea. A. Haynes now lives. Luther Filmore had put up a log house on the S. W. corner of what is now known as " the green," in the village. Where Phineas Clough first located himself is not now positively known ; but he very early settled on what has since bean known as the " Orcutt farm," now occupied by Mr. Lobdill. Those five men are all who ara now known to have been here before tbe Eevolutionary war. They all left iu the summer of 1777, joined the militia at Man chester, and were all in Bennington battle. The mills known as " Miner's mills," in au early day, were built by Gideon Miner in 1782. They were located about J- mile east of where the village now is. Mr. Morgan assisted Mr. Miner, as a workman, in build ing the mills. Morgan brought the mill-irons from Bennington on a horse. Some of the Miner family have informed us there was " some sort of a mill there " when Mr. Mi ner came; but Mr. Morgan's descendants are confident he had nothing to do with mills in Middletown until ha worked for Miner in 1782. So we cannot reliably state by whom this some-sort-of-a-mill was built. Tha opinion of the old people seems to have been that it was the work of Mr. Morgan. It might have been ; but whosoever it was the mill never went into operation, and Mr. Mi ner had to build anew in 1782. Mr. Thompson says, that the settlers '• re turned after the war." It is true there was not much done by way of settlement for some three or four years subsequent to tha summer of 1777, when the settlers left to meet the in vaders at Bennington. But we find Benj. Haskins and Phineas Clough back here in 1778, and Morgan and Filmore were back soon after; and a good many others w;ere here before tha close of tha war. Azor Per ry came as early as 1778 ; James and Thomaa McClure, it is supposed, came in 1779 ; Wil liam and Jonathan Frisbie came in 1781 and Gideon Miner, Nathaniel Wood and his sons, Jacob and Ephraim, Caleb Smith, Jonathan Brewster, Gamaliel Waldo, Nathan Walton, and some others were here as early as 1782. Joseph Spaulding and some others, it is sup posed, came the same year, but we cannot ba positive. We find that a Congregational church was organized as early as the spring of 1782, and Mr. Spaulding was made tha clerk of the church. It is evident the settlement was. rapid, for in the Fall of 1784, the people petitioned t'na Legislature, then in session at Rutland, for a new town — and we can now very readily see that the settlers upon those parts of the then towns of Poultney, Ira, Tinmouth and Wells, now included in the limits of Middle- town, would naturally become a community by themselves, and unite their interests and feelings in spite of town lines. They had already done so — two churches had been or ganized — Congregational and Baptist, and a log meeting house erected near the S. E. cor ner of the present burial-ground, and the members of the churches were from tha four towns, but had a common center, where it has been since, and now is. If those town lines iad never been changed, there must have bean tha same churches here, the same busiuess — the same village. Nature formed the territory for a town, and as the settlera increased in numbers, they became aware of it and petitioned as has been seen, the Legis lature for tha same. The following is a copy of the Act : An Act constituting a new Town by the name of Middletown. " Wheaeeas, the inhabitants of a part of tha towns of Wells, Tinmouth, Poultney and Ira, which are included in the bounds here inafter described, have, by their petition rep resented, that they labor under great incon veniences v/ith meeting with their several towns for public worship and town business, by reason of being surrounded by high mountains. " Be il therefore enacted, and it is hereby enacted by the representatives of the free men of the State of Vermont in General 796 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Assembly met, and by the authority of the same, that the tiact of land or district here inafter described, be and is hereby created and incorporated into a township, by the name uf Middletown, and the inhabitants thereof and their successors with the like privileges and prerogatives, which the other towns in the state aie invested with, viz. Beginning at a beech tree marked, standing west 26 de;^i(;ea south .':ilO chains from the north-east corner of Wells ; thence east 40 degrees south 290 chains, to a white a.^h tree standing in Tinmouth west line ; thence east 10 degrees south 45 cliains, to a beech mark ed ; thence north 33 ilegrees east 2(^4 chains, to a beech marked ; thence north 10 degrees west 333 chains, to stake and stones standing in Poultney, east line; thence south 10 de grees west 28 chains, to stake and stones; thence west 11 degrees north 60 chains, to a small beech marked ; thence south 45 chains; to a hard beech tree ; thence west 40 degrees soulh 20V chains 5 links, to a stake and stones standing in Wells north line ; thence west — south 4 chains, to a stake ; thence south 10 degre..s west 185 chains, to the first mention ed bounds." From Thompson's Vermont we find 3510 acres were taken from Tinmouth, 6113 acres from Wells, 23SS acres from Poultney, and 1S20 acres from Ira. Those " high mountains," with which the petitioners for a new town were " surround ed," seem lo have directed tbe survey ; as all acquainted with the locality well know that the town is surrounded by hills and moun tains running around it in such directions. that the survey, in running; around on the tops of those hills and mountains, gives the peculiar form which Middletown has and ac counts for the shape of the town. Joseph Spaulding took the lead in the movement . He was a practical surveyor, and made the survey which appears in the act and in this was governed by his own judg ment. The people submitted that matter to hun, and he, in fact, located the bounds of the town. He ran his lines where he thou,t;ht it best for all concerned, and no one, either iu Middletown or the towns from which it was taken, to our knowledge, was ever dissatisfied. Alter he had made his survey, and com pleted his arrangeuionts for bringing the mat ter beiore the Legislature, the people conced ed to hiin the honor of giving the name to the town, which he did. Mr. Spaulding had removed here from Middletown, Ct. and that name was tliLToUy suggested to him, and ha thouglit it very appropriate from the fact that the new town would be located in the middle of four towns. In the fall of 1784, the Legislature of Vermout sat at Rutland. Mr. Spaulding, with the petition in his pock et — -the necessary arrangements having been completed — went to Rutland while the Leg islature was in session. The act was pasaed Oct. 28, 1784. EEOOED OF THE OEGANIZATION OF THE TOWN. " At a town meeting holden at Middletown, at tbe '"'meeting house, on Wednesday, the 17th day of November, 1784, Voted, Ed mund Bigelow, Moderator; Joseph Rockwell, Town Clerk ; Edmund Bigelow, Justice of tho Peace; elected as a committee, Edmund Big elow, Joseph Rockwell and Joseph Spaulding, to reckon with several inhabitants of the town respecting costs made in getting tho town established. The meeting was adjourn ed to Thursday the 22d inst." "At the adjourned meeting — Voted, That the amount allowed by the committee chosen for examining accounts for getting the town established be two pounds, 12 shillings and 7 pence. Joseph Rockwell. Register." There is no record of any notice of the meeting. If there was one it was not record ed. The first annual town meeting was holden ilar. 7, 17S5. Hon. Thomas Porter of Tin- month was chosen moderator, Joseph Rock well, town clerk ; Jonathan Brewster, Jacob Wood and Edmund Bigelow, selectmen ; Ca leb Smith, town treasurer; Ephraim Wood, constable ; Asher Blunt, Jona. Griswold, Reu ben Searl, listers ; Silas Mallary, collector; Jona. Frisbie, leather sealer ; Samuel Sunder- Un, P^euben Searl, grand juryman ; Nathan Record, tithingman ; Elisha Gilbert, hayward; Caleb Smith, brander of horses ; Increase Rudd, sealer of ineasuies ; Edm ind Bigelow, aealer of weights ; Abraham White, Solomon Hill, John Sunderlin Benjamin Haskins, Benjamin Coy, Phineas Clough and James Mo Clure, highway surveyors ; Luther Filmore, pound keeper, Thomas ilorgan, William Frisbie, and lucreas ' Rudd, fence viewers. At the same meeting Ephraim Wood, Ga maliel Waldo, Reuben Searl, Bethel Hurd, Benj. Coy, James McClure and Edmund Big elow, were appointed a committee to divida the town into school districts. That com mittee afterwards performed that duty, and the school districts, with a very little altera tion, remain to this day as recommended by that committee. * The meeting house mentioned was the log oue. MIDDLETOWN. 797 with his family and effects, and coinmeuced at once in clearing up his land. Interrupted as the settlement was by the Eevolutionary war, yet we find by the first grand list which was taken in the Spring of 1785, that 574 acres of land had then been cleared. The personal property put into that grand list was 81 cows, 47 horses, 36 oxen, 80 steers, 73 head of other cattle, and 22 swine. It is a small grand list wheu compared with that of the town at the present time, but the.won- der ia how they could have cleared up that amount of land and acquired that amount of stock in so short a time. A large portion of this work had been accomplished in the years of 1782, 3 and 1784. My father, who was a son of William Frisbie, told me before he died, that when his father's family came here, in 1781, he could distinctly recollect what had theu been done by way of settle ment. He was then 6 years old. He said that Filmore had cleared up 3 or 4 acres where the village now is. Morgan had a lit tle more than that cleared, and the two Has kins and Azor Perry had made some progress in their clearing. He told me that according to his recollection 6 log-houses had been put up within the present limits of the town, when he came here. Those he gave me as Mr. Mor gan's, Filmore's, Clough's and Azor Perry's. Those were undoubtedly all there were iu the town, or within what is now the town in the Spring of 1781, except what had been put on the " McClure road," as it has been called — for it is well known that Isaac Clark (old Rifie) settled there as early as 1779, and that year was made town clerk of Ira, and James and Thomas Mc Clure settled there, it is believed, the same year. My father did not know of this, or it had escaped his recollec tion. But few came in 1781, so by far the great er portion of what was done prior to the Spring of 1785 was performed during the years of 1782, '83 and '84. At this time (1785) we find at least 44 freemen in the town — the number of inhabitants might have been 300 to 400, as most of the early settlers had large families. We find they had cleared up 574 acres of land, and this was in small patches from 1 to 30 acres in different parts of the town ; they had procur ed a charter aud organized the town. Two churches had been organized, Congregation alist and Baptist, a meeting-house had been Immediately following the record of this the first annual towu meeting, is a record of what is called " A Roll of tha freemen of Middletown." There is no date given to it, and my first impression was, that it was a list of those who voted at a freemen's meet ing in the Fall of 1785, but ou examination of it, and other records and facts that have come to my knowledge, I was well satisfied that it was made in the Spring of 1785. The following are the names : Ephraim Wood, John Sunderlin, Dan'l Haskins, Samuel Sunderlin, Jacob Wood, Reu ben Searle, Joseph Spaulding, Jona. Brewster, Benj. Haskins, Jona. Haynes, Increase Rudd, Jesse Hubbard, Barzilla Hand}', Gideon Mi ner, Isaiah Johnson, Abel White, Benj. Coy, Timothy Smith, Francis Perkins, Samuel Stoddard, Benj. Butler, Nathan Eecord, Jona Mehuran, Elisha Gilbert, Eichard Haskins Thomas Morgan, Chauncy Graves, William Frisbie, Anson Perry, Sylvanus Stone, Thom as French, Gideon Buel, Caleb Smith, Jona. Griswold, Gamaliel Waldo, Joseph Eock- well, David Griswold, Edmund Bigelow, Philemon Wood, Jona Frisbie. We are thus able to give all or nearly all tho names of those who settled here prior to tke Spring of 1785. We can add the names ot Luther Filmore, James and Thomas Mc Clure and Silas Mallary, who are known to have heen here prior to the time this roll was made. Filmore, aa we have seen, was here before the Revolutionary war, and was elect ed pound-keeper at the first annual meeting-; Mallary was elected collector, and James and Thomas Mc Clure are known to have been here about as early as 1779. Were it in my power I should give a biography of each and every man on the roll, and of the four others laat named ; bnt I shall give all that I have been able to learn of them, after speaking generally of their character, and of the pro gress they had made in the settlement of the town up to the Spring of 1785. They were men of great physical strength and endu rance, decided energy and mental ability, honest, unselfish. A large majority of them were religious men of the Puritan stamp. They were mostly from Connecticut, and came poor, some with nothing but their hands, others with a horse or a yoke of oxen, bringing with them their families and effects upon a wagon or sled. Each selected his place, put up his rude cabin, went into it 798 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. built, and initiatory steps had been taken to divide the town into school and highway districts. A grist and saw mill had been erected, and were in active operation. Three framed houses had been built and prepar ations were being made for building more. Thomas Moeqan " made the first clearing," as he once said to me, and of which there can he no doubt. It was abont three-fourths of a mile south of where the village now is. Mr. Morgan claimed to have built the flrst framed-house in town, though he said Filmore and Richard Haskins each commenc ed building the same season, but hia house was first completed. The house is now stand ing and owned by his grandson, Daniel Mor gan, and of late years has beeu occupied by tenants. Mr. Morgan was from Kent, Ct. He was three times married, but had one child only, the late Jonathan Morgan. Thomas Morgan lived where he first settled up to about the time of his death, which oc curred Dec. 20, 1841, at the age of 94. Jonathan Moeqan was born in 1782, and was the first child born in Middletown, (that is in whatbecame Middletown iu 1784.) Mr. Morgan was regarded by many as being over tenacious of his rights, but was a man of good judgment, well informed, and always kept himself familiar with all the affairs of the town. He was for many years a justice of the peace ; represented the town in 1838, and very often held the office of selectman, and other offices, tbe duties o-f which he discharg ed understandingly and well. In the latter part of November, 1857, Mr. Morgan then quite feeble, drove his horse aud carriage from his house to the village upon some er rand, and on his return, his horse took fright soon after crossing the bridge iu the south part of the village, threw him out of his car riage and BO injured him that he survived the shock but a few days. He died at Mrs. Green's, Dec, 3, 1847, aged 75. Jonathan Morgan left 3 sons and 4 daugh ters. The oldest son was in California when last heard from ; the second, Daniel, now oc cupies and owns the homestead of his father, alao the homestead of hia grand-fathor. The third son, Merritt, recently moved from Mid dletown to Cambridge, Vt. The oldest daugh ter, Huldah, married Daniel Cushman, of Pawlet, and now resides in that town ; the second daughter married Nathan Winn, and lives in Wallingford ; the third daughter. Lorensy, died about 2 years ago ; the young est daughter lives in Lowell, Maas. and is un married. Daniel Morgan is the only repro- sentative of Thomas Morgan now left in Mid dletown. LuTHEE FiLMOEE was the man who felled the forest where the village now is. Ho came here from Bennington, but where ha waa from originally, I cannot say. His grandson once told me that he was a brother of the grand father of the late President Millard Filmore, and the old folks all agree in giving Mr. Fil- » more the credit of being a sensible man, and a good citizen. He seemed to have the pub lic interest at heart, and did much towards giving a start to the villiage. He had put up his temporary cabin, on the south-west corner of the common or "green," as it ia called. He afterwards built a framed-house on the opposite side of the road, and in what is now Mrs. Gray's door yard, or that part of it situated on the west side of the honse in which she now lives. Mr. Filmoro owned the land now occupied as a burial- ground, and gave a deed of it to the town Sept. 30, 1787. He also owned the ".green;" and 150 acres which included the present lim its of the village. To Mr. Filmore belongs the honor of being the first inn-keeper in town. He commenced keeping tavern soon after he built his honse, and a tavern waa kept in the house by him and one of the Brewster family unlil some years after 1800. Sometime after 1811, Henry Gray bought tho place, and lived in the house uutil about 1835 , when he built the brick house,"which has since been occupied by him and his family. The old tavern house was moved down below " cider-mill hill," repaired, and has since been occupied by tenants of Mr. Gray. Luther Filmore died Feb. 9, 1809, aged 60 years. He left several sons, none are now living. Mrs. Hutehins, the widow of Elisha Hutehins, now living in this town, is a grand daughter of Luther Filmore, aud is the only descendant in town left. Mrs. Hutehins has two broth ers, Luther and Edmund Filmore, who were natives of the town, but are now living in some of the Western statea. EioHAED Haskins, who settled, near where Lucius Copelaud, Esq., now lives, did not re turn after Bennington battle as soon as hia brother Benjamin did, but was kept longer in the service. Mr. Haskins was from Nor wich, Ct., the same town from which the Wood MIDDLETOWN. 709 families came ; he had lived with them in Con- nectiiut. When the Woods came in 1782, they took possession of his settlement thare, and Haskins took the next lot north, which is known as Mr. Copelaud Haskins' farm. Haskins put that farm under improvement, lived a long aud iudustrioua life, raised a large family of children, drew a pension of $96 a year, and died about 1845 in Highgate, Vt., where he had a short time before gone to reside with one of his sons. He was over 80 when he died. He has no descendants now in town. Benjamin Haskins, though somewhat er ratic, was a more useful man to society, in his time, than his brother Eichard, and had a more reputable family. He was a member of the Congregational church, and a sober,- sedate, eccentric man, aud was called " Dea con Ben," though he never held the office of Deacon. ThouglTto appearances, a dull, slow man, yet when occasion required, he showed himself to be a resolute, and powerful man. On onp occasion while driving some cattle from Pawlet to his home, he was set upon by a pack of 14 wolves, near what is known as tho Wait place, about 2 miles south of his house. He prepared himself on their ap proach with a strong cudgel, and succeeded in beating them off, and bringing himself and cattle away unharmed. He was a kind, oblig ing neighbor, zealous iu good wo.rks. He died in 1824, aged 70. Phineas Clough died Sept, 24, 1809 on the same farm on which he early settled. He left but one child, a daughter, who married Erasmus Orcutt. She succeeded to the farm and it has since been know as the Orcutt farm. Major Clough, as he was always called, was also an eccentric man, but a man of good ma terial for a new country. If anything which required great exertion, was necessary to ba done, he was not the one to avoid the re sponsibility. He was not a member of any church, but was a member of the Congrega tional society. On one occasion, at a meet ing of the society, some measure was pro posed which would require a large expendi ture and was at first strongly opposed by a majority of the society, including in that ma jority many membera of the church. Mr Clough came to the rescue. He told the soci ety he regarded it of vital importance the measure should be carried ; that he was will ing to give his farm, if necessary, rather than have it fail ; that although he was not a pro fessor of religion, yet he was sensible that property was of no account unless the institu tions of religion could be sustained. It is al most needless to add Mr. Clough prevailed. Mrs. Orcutt had 5 children, only one is now living, Phineas 0. Orcutt, who resides in Western New York, AzoE Peeet procured a deed of one of the original proprietors of tha town of Tinmouth in 1777, of a large piece of land then in that town, now Middletown. The deed was exe cuted in Bennington, and in the Spring of 1778, he shouldered his ax, all he had to bring but the clothes he wore, and took pos session of his laad. He put up a log-house between where Mr. Jonathan Atwater's dwell ing house now is and his cider-niill, and cov ered his house with polea and bark. He made a bedstead of poles, and used elm bark as a substitute for cords. He lived alone the first year, and managed to get a cow the first Sum mer, which he wintered ou browse ; that is he cut down trees, and the cow eat the tops. He was married at Bennington in 1779. He had managed, in the year before he yvas mar ried, to save enough to get a calico wedding- dress for his wife, and some few indispensable articles of household furniture to commence with. Mr. Perry was a rough, unpolished man, but of strong will and undoubted cour age. He was from the town of Orange Ct., but lived awhile in Bennington before coming to Middletown. Ha was in Bennington bat tle, and in one or two engagements in the first year of the war. A good mlany good stories were told of his encounters with bears and wolves, during his first years in Middle- town. On one ocfiasion, he was in the woods about a mile from his house, when he aaw a young bear, a cub, and having no weapons to kill it, he ran and caught it, when the cub seizing one of his hands iu his mouth, biting through his hand, held it fast in ita mouth. Perry, in vain tried to extricate his hand from the cub's mouth, and when he saw he could not do it without help, he took the cub, weigh ing over one hundred pounds, under his arm and carried it to his house, a mile or more, where he was relieved." At another time, there was a bear that lived on the hills some where between the Smith Wait and Buxton farms, and had become no torious for killing the sheep, calves and hogs, 1 and destroying the corn in that vicinity. 800 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. There had been a good deal of effort to kill the bear. .At length it was resolved to en gage ilr. Perry to dispatch the bear, wbich he was ready to undertake. It was in the Fall, and it had been ascertained the old bear visited, during the evenings, a corn field of WiUiHiii Frisbie. Perry came on a certain evening agreeable to appointment, and found a score or so of the citizens of the vicinity col lected, and ri'ady to render him assistance if he wanted. He told them that he wanted but one of their number ; that one was select ed, and the two with their musket-^ made their way to the cornfield. After arriving there, they stopped and listened awhile, and soon heard the bear at work at the corn. As soon as they had ascertained the bear's locality. Perry told his man to go to a certain point and shoot at the bear, saying " If you kill him, Vl ry well ; if you don't, the bear will be after you, and if he does, run behind me — I will stand here.'' The man did as directed by Pen y, shot at the bear, wounded him and ran towards Perry, the bear in a rage follow ing. The man took shelter behind Perry, who stood quietly in his tracks uutil the bear had come up within 20 feet of him, when he raised his musket and snapped it, but there was no discharge, ilr. Perry began to curse his firelock, but rapidly continued to snap it until the bear had approached, walking on 'nis hind feet, near enough to take the muzzle of the gun into his mouth, when the gun went off aud, of course, killed the bear. In this affair, be did not appear to manifest any fear, or any other feeling except that he was vexed at bis gun. Mr. Perry acquired a good property — had 11 children, several now living — one, Mrs. Atwater, now lives upou the place and in the house where her father lived and died. Though not a religious man, Mr. Perry, like Major Clough, gave liberally for the support of religious institutions. He was a member of the Congregational society. He died Nov. 15, 1824, aged 69. James and Thomas MoCluee were broth ers, natives of Scotland ; they landed in this country at Boston, Mass ; there were three brothers, and all came to Vermont, and first stopped at Wallingford. After a little time, the two brothers above named came to this place in 1779, looked this region over and fi nally concluded to settle in what is now the north-east part of the town — it was then iu Ira, and they were induced to go there by representations of Isaac Clark, who had lo cated there and had been made town clerk of Ira. Clark represented to them that the vil lage of Ira wonld be there. The place where the McClures settled is now in Middletown, and near the line between iliddletown and Ira. It is at the upper end of the road, which leaves the main road, running from Middleton to Tinmouth, a little east of what is known as the " Edgerton place." It is not probable that any village or central place of business would ever have been there, if that portion of Ira- had not been taken to make a part of iliddletown — however, Clark and oth ers undoubtedly thought so at the time. The McClure brothers, like the other early settlers, set themselves resolutely at work clearing up their lands, — I should judge, from the early records, that they were much re lied ou, as they held many important posi tions. Thomas ilc Clure was the first clerk of the Baptist Church, for several years, James ilc Clure was placed ou the cdinmit- tee at the first annual town meeting, to di vide the town into school districts — he often held town offices, and seemed to be actively engaged in laying the foundation of the in stitutions in the new settlement. James ilc Clure, died Feb. 22, 1815, aged 67 ; Thom as died younger, and sometime before 1800., Each left a family. Of James ilc Clure'a family, were Doctor David G. ilc Clure and Samuel ilc Clure. David G. succeeded Doc tor Ezra Clark as a physician in town, and was in practice here several years prior to l.'^22, when he removed, to the State of Ohio. He has been dead some years. He left a family of a good deal of talent and enter prise. The history of " Old Eifle" more properly belongs to some other town, although he was on our territory for about 7 years. He went to Castleton in 17S6, and remained on tha " Me Clure HiU" from 1779 until that time. There are some incidents in connection with his family while residing on the territory, which afterwards became a part of Middle- town which we might reasonably claim as a part of our history. Mr. Clark's wife, if she was not as good a marksman as her husband, was not behind in bravery ; on a Sabbath day, when her husband was absent, discov ering a bear in the corn-field, she took that same rifle with which her husband had won MIDDLETOWN. 801 his name, went out and deliberately shot the bear. Samuel McCltIee was a farmer and lived in Middletown until his death, which occurred about 15 years ago. He had a large family ; 3 sons and 2 daughters are now living. Da vid G., the oldest, now lives in Eutland ; ha had 2 sons and 3 daughters ; the sons, both have responsible positions on some of the railroads. The two oldest daughters are married — one to C. M. Haven, a route agent On the Eutland aud Washington railroad , the other to Albert H. Tuttle, one of the pro prietors of the " Eutland Herald." Harry B. McClure, the second son of Sfim- nel Mc Clure, always resided aud still resides in Middletown, and has for many years been one of the active and leading men of the town. Ho has a very respectable family of 6 chil dren, all boys, and all disposed to work for a Uving. Warren McClure, the youngest son of Sam uel Mc Clure, also resides in Middletown, is a mechanic— he served his country 3 years iu the war of 1861. Wm. Feiseie was born in Bethlehem Ct. ; to this place and Harwinton, Conn., all that I havo ever known of the name, trace their an cestry. He lived iu Stillwater, New York, for a good many years before he came here — • all his children were born thare. He was in tho tattle of Saratoga, which was near his theu residence.- A relative of his was one of the original proprietors of the town of Wells, of whom he purchased his land, and his fam ily consisting of his wife and 6 children, and his effects he brought here ou au ox-sled. Tho laud he bought was what is now known as the " Buxton farm.'' He first put up a log houae in the vicinity of where the brick house now is, and in 1785 or '86, he built a frame-house. William Frisbie, from all we have learned of him, was somewhat eccentric but unlike some of his descendants, he was a very active man ; prompt and positive in the expression of his opinions, and fearlessly uttered whatever came into his mind, who ever might be present. He was inflexible and unyielding in his principles, and could not endure any wavering on the part of any one else. The old folks have told me that, on oue occasion, in a church meeting, he was unusually severe upon some wayward broth er, when some one present felt it his duty to rebuke him, and told hira that it was his du ty to exercise charity towards the offending brother. His reply was that " charity could not go without legs." William Frisbie died Mar. 1, 1813, aged 76. He had 2 sons and 4 daughters ; two of his daughters died before he did. His oldest son, Wm. jr., was 17 years old when his father came here. He had the reputation of being a good scholar and well educated for the time. Ha studied medicine with Doctor Ezra Clark, and after he had received his diploma, commenced practice with Doctor Clark, in Middletown, but soon went to Pittsford, Vt., where he was in prac tice, to the best of our information, about 25 years. He removed from Pittsford to Phelps, N. Y., where he lived until his death, about 1837. He had the reputation of being a good physician, had a large practice in Pittsford, and was highly esteemed. Soma of his de scendants are now living in Phelps, others are in the Western States, and all seem to have traits of character similar to those of the older William Frisbie. Zenas Frisbie, the second son of William, jr., was a- farmer, lived and died iu Middletown,^his age was 76 years— he died Jan. 19, 1851. He had 8 children, 3 are dead ; of the surviving, 2 sons aud a daughter are at the far West, one son in Poultney, and a daughter, Mrs. Lucy A Thomas, in Middletown, who is t'ne only one left here of the race. I cannot any further take up the names on that roll in the order of time when they settled here. Captain Joseph Spauldino, a man ever to be honored by Middletown, first set tled on what has been known as the '• Micah Vail farm," now owned by C. Clift, but soon afterwards removed to where Deacon A.Spaul- ding now lives, which place has ever since been owned by him and bis descendants. It has already appeared Captain Spaulding was the leading spirit " in getting the town estab lished." and gave the town its name. The town, very properly, made him their first rep resentative. He waa about 36 yeara old when he came here, had taught school a good deal in Connecticut, and was in the Eevolutionary war from about the time of its commencement until about the time he came to this place. He held some office in his regimeut which ranked with lieutenant, and for awhile he performed the duties of adjutant. He taught the first school in the town, and a good many schools after that ; he taught in all nearly 40 winter schools, the last when he was over 75 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. years old. He was the first captain of tha militia in town, and held that office at the time of the Shay's rebellion, in 1786, and when the militia of the Country were called on to sustain the courts at Eutland, he started witb his com[iany for that place ; but on his arrival at Castlelon was permitted to return, as the mob bad been dispersed by militia nearer at hand. He waa a very candid, ju dicious man, no appearance of vanity or os tentation about him, firm in his convictions and decided in his opinions. He had not as much of the go-ahead in hira as mauy others of the early settlers, but was, probably, the best edu' ated of any of thern, and the most capable for transacting bnsiness. Those of my age can recollect him well. The last time I saw him, in my recollection, was on the Sabbath at church, which, I think, was not many months before his death. During the recess of service, I saw him take up a book and read without the use of spectacles ; and on tha same occasion myself and others engaged with him in conversation. He was then the same candid, intelligent. Christian man. " His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated." Captain Spaulding died Feb- 25, 1840, at the great age of 96 years. Deacon Asahel Spauldinq and Haelet Spaulding now living here, and Deacon Jul ius Spaulding, of Poultney, with their fami lies, are now the only representatives left in Vermont of several numerous families who sprung from Captain Joseph Spaulding. Jonathan Beewstee settled on the farm now owned by Doctor Eliakim Paul, about IJ mile south of the village. The exact time wheu he came here cannot now be given ; but from records we have found, we know it was as early as 1782. He was very active, and the acknowledged leader in the formation of the Congregational church, and its first dea con, until the infirmities of age prevented. He represented the town 4 years. Deacon Jonathan Brewster died Apr. 29, 1820, at the age of 76, On the stone at the head of tha grave, we find this quotation : " There re- maineth a rest for the people of God," and, from what wa have learned of him, think it appropriately used. Dea. Brewster had a large family of chil dren. Orson, Ohel, Oramel and Jonathan, Eu nice, Lydia and Joanna survived him. Orson was a valuable man. He succeeded his father in the office of deacon, which he held until the Spring of 1835, when he removed to North ampton, Mass., where he died a few years since aged abont 80; Ohel died many years ago. He left 2 daughters, one of whom is dead : the other was the widow of the lato Orson Clark, now the wife of Doctor Amos Frisbie, formerly of Poultney, now of Findlay, Ohio. Jonathan and Oramel removed to Northern New York, and died there many years ago. The daughters of Deacon Jona than Brewster were excellent women. Eu nice marrred Fitch Loomis. She was the mother of Eeuben and Fitch Loomis, jr., Mrs. Henry Gray, Mrs. Thaddeus Terrill and Mrs. Johnson. She died about 1851. Lydia mar ried William Fay, long the proprietor of the " Eutland Herald." She survied her hus band some years. Joanna married Lathed Cleaveland, and lived to be very old. She has been dead but a short time. She died in Pawlet. Gideon Minee moved from Woodbury, Ct, to Rutland, in March, 1 779, and from Rutland to Middletown in the Spring of 1782. Ho set tled about 2 miles east of the village, at tha place formerly known as " Miner's Milb," where Merritt ilehurin now lives. He com menced at once in putting up a grist and saw mill, which were made ready for use that sea son. These were the first mills erected within the limits of the town, or at least the first that did any business, and were of great ser vice to the new settlement. Mr. Miner had been a soldier in the French war, and lost his health there, which he never fully recovered, yet he lived to a great age. His wife whose maiden name was Elizabeth Lewis, was a woman of uncommon ability, held in high es teem by all who knew her, — a noble type of those pioneer mothers who have stamped so proud a character upon the people of this State. She and her husband, and nearly or quite all of their children, were members of the Congregational church. Mr. Miner died in 1808, and his wife soon after, each being, at death, 80 years old. Abagail, their oldest child, married Thomas Davidson, who died young, leaving his wid ow 2 sons, Gideon M. and Clement. Gideon M. Davidson removed to Saratoga Springs in 1817, where he still resides, and is a man of wealth and influence. Clement Davidson was for many years a jeweller in New York, but now resides in Connecticut. Abagail, their mother, died at Saratoga in 1843, aged 78, MIDDLETOWN. 803 Samuel Lewis Minee, the oldeat son, re moved to Castleton in early life. He died in 1817, aged 50. He left Roxena, then Mrs. Doctor Kellogg, Cyrena, since the widow of a Mr. Armstrong, and Lewis. — Mrs. Kellogg, died in Georgia in 1851. Lewis died in Castleton in 1852. Mra. Armstrong still lives in Castleton. Captain Joel Minee, was the third child, a man of rare mental capacity, and, for his time, did an extensive business. He was nota law yer by profession, yet had quite an extensive law business ; was a prominent aud leading man in town until his death, and would have heen a leading man in any place. Captain Mi ner died suddenly at Montpelier, while attend ing a session ofthe Legislature, in the Fall of 1813, aged 44. ,He left several children, two of whom became distinguished clergymen. Ovid, his eldest, first became a printer, under the lato William Fay. He established the "Vermont Statesn^n,'' at Castleton, in 1826, which he published a few years, and theu published a paper at Middlebury for awhile. He entereed the ministry in 1833, and is now preaching at Illion,New York. He is a man cf decided ability, and very zealous. Another son of Captain Miner, who became a clergyman, was the lamented Lamson Mi ner. He graduated at Middlebury, in 1833, the first in his class. After he had fitted him self for the ministry, he settled in Cornwall. He died iu 1841, at the age of 33, leaving a widow and infant daughter. His widow is now Mrs. Leavitt, of Middlebury. Few men in the State, of his age, have held a higher position in the ministry than Lahison Miner. The fourth child of Gideon Miner, sr., was Gideon Miner, jr., so long known in this town as Deacon Miner. He was born in Woodbury Ct. and was 8 years old the day his father's family arrived at Rutland, and 11 yeara old when the family removed to Middle- town. He married Eachel Davison, in De cember, 1793, and by her had 11 children : eight of whom lived to be married and have children. Deacon Miner was in many respects a re markable man. Few men possessed a more retentive memory. — He could always give chapter and verse. He too, though not a law yer, was for many years frequently engaged as counsel injustice trials in this town and vicinity, and was usually opposed, in those trials, to his long and intimate friend, Jonas Clark. He was very fond of music, and con stantly led the choir for over 60 years, even up to the third Sabbath preceding his death. He was a deacon of the Congregational church iu Middletown for nearlv 40 years ; moved to Ohio in 1834 ; was immediately el ected an elder of the Presbyterian church, and served iu that capaCcity about 20 years. He was seldom absent from meeting, as many of us can testify. He was the acknowledged leader iu the Congregational church and soci ety here for many years prior to his removal to Ohio, and, seldom has there been a man more competent for the position which he held. Few men, and we may include clergy men, were more familiar with the bible than he was, or more capable of explaining and en forcing its doctrines. He died at the residence of his son. Doctor Erwin L. Miner, in Ohio, with whom he had resided, iu 1854, aged 84. Doctor Miner was the oldest of his 8 children before mentioned. He studied medicine with Doctor Ezra Clark, whose daughter he mar ried, and removed to the State of Ohio soon after, where he still resides, a man of wealth and influence. AHiMiN Lewis Miner, the next child of Deacon Miner now living, well known iu this part of the state as A. L. Miner, now resides in Manchester, and is the only representative of the name in Vermont, except his own chil dren, and ona or two children of Lewis Min er of Castleton. He worked on his father's farm until he was of age, theu fitted for the sophomore class in college, at Castleton. He did not enter college, but studied law in the office of Mallary & Warner, in Poultney, and one year with Eoyce & Hodges, in Eutland, and was admitted to the bar in 1832, and commenced practice at WaUingford. He re moved from there to Manchester in 1835, whare ha has since resided. He has been twice married, and has had 8 children. His eldest son, Henry E., (who furnished the his tory for Manchester in this work, see Ben nington Co., under head of Manchester, vol. I. Ed.) died December, 1863. He was a young man of mucli promise, and was his father's partner in law business. A. L. Mines has been 8 years probate reg ister and 3 years probate jndge of his district; 2 years clerk of the Vermont House of Eep resentatives. 9 years a member of the House or Senate, 5 years State's Attorney in Ben nington County, and 2 years a member of 804 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Congress from this district. Mr. Miner has in Poultney in 1865. Moses Copelaud, theit done, for many years, and is now doing an father, died ilay 3, 1858, aged 88 ; his widow. extensive business in his profession. He is an excellent citizen, a social, kind and true- hearted man ; much esteemed by all who know him, and espeoially by the people of his na tive town. Between him and them there is a strong and enduring attachment. The other two survivors of Deacon Miner's children are Chloe and Malvina. Chloe is a widow, and resides in the state of Ohio. Mal vina married a clergyman, aud lives in Missouri. Of Deacon Miner's children not living, there were 2 daughtera. One married Hiram Mahurin, and removed to Onondaga County, New York. She has been dead but a short time. The other married A. W. Hubbard ; moved to the stale of Ohio, and died in 1858. Of the sona, Orlin H. moved to the state of Ohio in 1834, and died in 1836, aged 36. He left 4 children ; tha oldest, Orliu H., jr., now resides in Springfield, Illinois, and is State auditor. He was an intimate friend of Pros. ident Lincoln, and stands high as a public mau iu that State. Thomas Davison Minee, the last named of the children of Deacon Miner, died in the state of Ohio, in 1856, aged 48, leaving a large family. With the 4 children of Deacon Miner, now living, he has over 30 grand-chU- dren, and over 50 great-grand-children living. Next to the Deacon, of Gideon Miner's children, was Asenath, who married Alexan der Murray. They moved to Albany, New York, where she died young. Lamson, tha next, died in 1806. The youngest child of Gideon Miner, Sr., Elizabeth, was born iu Woodbury, in the Fall of 1778, and was but a little over 3 years old when her father removed to Middletown. She married the late Moses Copelaud, and had children, Lucius, Martin, Betsey and Edwin. Lucius aud Edwin have remained in Middle- town. Lucius has resided near the centre of the town, and by his superior financial capac ity has made himself useful to the town, to the Congregational society of which he was a member, and to the citizens individually. Ed win haa been for the last 20 or 25 years a leading citizen. Martin Copelaud became a lawyer, and wont to Bristol, Addison Co. After a practice of several years at that place, he died thero Jan. 11, 1861, aged 47. Betsey : married Deacon Julius Spaulding, aud died ) lived there uutil his death, in 1829. Mr, Elizabeth, the youngest and last survivor of Gideon Miner, sr.'s, children, died in Poult ney at the residence of Deacon Spanldin''i her son in-law, in the Fall of 1866. The traits of character which distinguished the Miner family, are found in nearly all tbeir descendants. The children of the fe males, who take other names, are Minors, and nearly all are marked by energy, a retentive memory, fluency of speech, are easy to learn, and perhaps without au exception, both the dead and living, have sustained good moral characters, and been useful citizens. Caleb Smith, we think must have been here as early as 1783, and perhaps earlier. He set tled on the place now owned by Elijah Eoss, Esq., known as the "Allen Vail farm." He built the house now standing there, which is one of the oldest houses in town. He was very efficient in establishing the Baptist Church, and was its first moderator, and the first deacon — the latter office he held uutil his death. He was also the first town treasurer. He was au exemplary man, faithful and re liable, and of great service in laying the foun dation of the Baptist Church here. He died Feb. 10, 1808, at the age of 59. He left one son, Jedediah Smith, who removed to West ern New York since 1S35, and one daughter, who married Eoswell Tillie of Tinmouth, She died some years ago, leaving two sons, Ezra T. and Erwin E. Gamaliel Waldo first settled in Pownal, Bennington Co., and was there during tho Revolutionary War. After the taking of Ti conderoga by the Green Mountain Boys under Allen, and before that post was evacuated by the Americans in 1777, Mr. Waldo was em ployed to carry provisions to the garrison at Ticonderoga, a duty more perilous probably than the battle-field. He used oxen in car rying his provisions and on one occasion, put his oxen into a boat ou the Vermont side of the lake, to take them across to the fort, but on tha way, they jumped overboard into the lake, and swam back to tha Vermont shore; they were afterwards rescued. ilr. Waldo came to this place as oarly aa 1782. He found his way from Pawlet by marked trees, and so did the other settlers of his time. He settled on the place now owned by Mr. Hurlbart, cleared up that farm and MIDDLETOWN. 805 ¦Waldo was a resolute, fearless man, a good neighbor, a faithful member of the Baptist Church, and one of its founders. He married the mother of Asa Gardner, a widow with one son and four daughtera ; one of the daugh ters married the Eev. Sylvanus Haynes, the first settled minister in town. Mr. Waldo'also had by her one sou and four daughters, and one of those daughters was the wife of Steph en Keyes. Asa Gabdnee was 10 years old when the family removed here. He was a hard-work ing, man aud lived to be nearly 80. He died in Middletown in 1849. His sons, Charlea, Aimer and Daniel R., still reside here, aro ah-eady among the oldest inhabitants, and among the best examples, in the town, of in dustry, economy and thrift. AsHEE Blunt and Nathan Walton came here about the same time Mr. Waldo did, aud set tled north of him, on the road leading to Ira over the hills. Mr. Blunt was one of the substantial men here for some years, but re moved to^ Northern New York quite early, and but little is uow known of him or his family. Mr. Walton was a very good man, raised a large family, and died in 1829. Edmund Bigelow, the moderator of the meeting at which the town was organized, and the firat juatice of the peace, settled at the place where John P. Taylor now lives, a locality which wiU ever be held in remem brance by the writer, as a large portion of his life was apent there. Mr. Bigelow seems to have been the acting magistrate iu town for 15 years or more subsequent to the time of his first election, and to have been a com petent man for his position. The year of his death we are unable to ascertain. He left a family of considerable ability. The late Dr. Bigelow of Bennington, was a sou of his. Dr. Bigelow was some years since a senator in the Vermont Legislature from Bennington Co. He married Dorinda Brewater, who survives him. She ia the only survivor of Deacon Orson Brewster's family. Joseph Rockwell, the first town clerk, set tled where E. Prindle now livea, between the village and the Allen Vail farm. He was a competent town clerk, as the early records will show. He was among the flrst membera of the Congregational church, said to have been a quiet, candid and sensible man. The late Solomon Rockwell was his sou. There are none of his decendants living here, bnt aome are living in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. John and Samuel Sunderlin settled north of the village. Samuel, I think, on the place recently owned by Mrs. Germond, not far from Mr. Harvey Leffingwell. John Sunder lin was made a Lieutenant under Capt. Spaulding, when the militia were organized. He was a man of real worth aud had a very respectable family. Mrs. Leffingwell, widow of Dyer Leffingwell, also the widow of Ohel Brewster were his daughters. Daniel Sundeelin, a son of John, married Nancy Stoddard. Erwin aud Edwin Sunder lin, who succeeded Merritt aud Horace Clark as merchants here, were sons of his. John Sundeelin died about 1826, on the farm now owned by the estate of Whitney Merrill, and occupied by William Dayton. Samuel Sunderlin, after residing here a few years, removed to Shoreham, where he lived and died at an advanced age. He had a fam Uy of several children. John was born in Middletown in 1784. He spent the greater portiou of his life in Shoreham, but returned to Middletown, to live with his daughter, Mrs. Deacon Haynes, some few years before his decease. He died March 11, 1862, aged 78. The Rev. Byron Sunderlin, now of Wash ington, D. C, is a grand-son of Samuel Sun derlin. InobeasE Eudd settled upon the farm known as the "Bigelow farm." He had a large family, and his descendants were num erous, but long since have' removed from here, with the exception of Mr. Eli Eudd. Gideon Buel, Jonathan and David Geis- WOM) all settled ou the road, or what is now the road, leading from " Miner's MiUs " to the Haskins place, where Deacon Haynes now lives. They were all aoldiers of the Eevolution. Mr. Buel and David Gris wold each drew a pension while he lived. Mr. Buel had aeveral children. Eoswell, who represented the town 2 years, and has recently died ; Mra. Marcus Stoddard, aud an other son who removed West in early life. Eos'WELL Buel, jr., a grandson of Gideon Buel, is his only representative left in Ver mont. He is a lawyer ; was admitted to Eutland County Bar in 1845, but has not been much in practice fof some yeara. Roswell Buel, sr., had 3 sons. Ezekiel, the second, a physcian; has had a good practice in hia professiou in New Philadelphia, Ohio, the last 20 years and over. He was a surgeon of 806 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. one of the Ohio regiments through the war of 1361. The third son, Napoleon B., was one of the volunteers from Middletown in the lata war, and was killed in one of the battles be fore Petersburg. Jonathan Geiswold removed from the place where he first settled, which has recently been known as the Cole farm, formerly the Rog er farm, to a place above where Eeuben Me- hurin now lives. From the early recorda we abould regard him as having faithfully per formed his duty in the new aettlement. He died much younger than his brother David. Of his family we have been able to learn but little. Ha had a son, Jonathan, who was ac cidentally killed on a " training day," in June, 1816. He was than an officer in the company of militia. After tha company had been dis charged, a company had collected in the ball room of tbe present hotel for a dance. The members ofthe militia company, without form or order, were saluting them by discharging their muskets, heavily loaded with powder, in front of the hotel, Griswold received the contents of a musket discharged within a few feet of his head, which killed him instantly. The affair cast a gloom over the people of Middletown, and for a long time the foolish practice of firing on training daya was almost wholly abandoned ; aud so long as the militia trainings were continued, the fathers and mothers, as their sons started on the morning of the first Tuesday of June " to go to train ing,'' as a matter of caution, would rehearse to them the fate of " poor Jonathan Griswold." David Geiswold lived to Dec. 10, 1842, and was 93 years old. His children all removed from this town mauy years ago, except Da vid. He married Emily Paul, a daughter of Stephen Paul, and sister of Doctor Eliakim Paul. David, jr. died some 8 years ago. He left one sou and four daughters. The aon, Stephen Angelo, enlisted in the 7th Ver mont regiment, and lost his life in Florida. His mother aud younger sisters reside on the old homestead. Jonathan Feisbie, a brother of William, aettled where Jehiel Parka now lives. He died before his brother, and it is not known tbat any of his des'cendantt are now living. Benj. Cor went to Tinmouth before the Revolutionary war, but left after that com menced, and when he returned, after the close of the war, settled in this town, where his grand-son, Charlea P. Coy, now resides. He was an industrious man, frugal, honest and successfully made his way to comfort and independence. Mr. Coy had a large family of children. Three of them, Ebenezer. Mrs. Charles Gardner, and another daughter, are still living. Mrs. Gardner still resides in this town. Martin H. and Charles P. the sons of Reuben, who was a son of Benjamin, now re side here. Feancis Peekins was a soldier in the Eev olution, and served nearly through the entire time. He was from New Loudon, Ct.. He first located himself where Johu Lewis now lives, but afterwards, about 1786, removed below there where Mr. Charles Gardner lives, aud there resided uutQ his death. Mr. Per kins first cleared up a spot, and put up a log- house, and covered it with bark and hemlock boughs, and for a door hung up a blanket. There was then no sawed timber to be had. Miner's saw-mill had not been completed. He then had a wife and one child. Ho sub sisted the first Summer, in great part, npon greens and leaks, and commenced boiling green pumpkins to eat as soou as they had grown to any size. It was then very diffi cult for him or any of the settlers to procure grain, ilorgan, Azor Perry and some few had so much of a start that they had raised their own grain, but not much to apare. Once or twice during this summer, Mr. Per kina carried some potash to Manchester, and purchased what he could bring home on his back. On one occasion he went down to Azor Perry's aud worked for him a day, and re ceived in payment a half bushel of grain. This he took upon his back, carried to Mr. Miner's grist-mill, which had just got into operation, had it ground, and carried it home, making about 9 miles travel, besides his day's work, on that day. On hia arrival home, he found his cabin deserted ; his wife and child had gone, he knew not where ; but aa it was late in the evening, and very dark, conclud ed he might content himself as best he could until morning, and then find his wife and child if* he could. In the morning, as soon aa it was light, Benj. Coy appeared at hia cabin and informed him hia wife and child had staid with him (Coy) over night. Per kins went directly home with Coy, and found his wife and child. Soon after dark, it ap pears, their pig (Perkins') came running through the doorway under the blanket into the cabin closely pursued by a large bear. MIDDLETOWN. The bear (probably from the sight of fire) didiuot enter, but with his head under the blanket surveyed the apartment for a, mo ment, and then left. She was -very much frightened, took her child in her arms, start ed on a run for Mr. Coy's the pig foUowing — probably the most hazardous thing she could have done — but was not molested by the bear on her way there. Mr Perkins after their return, rolled up some logs before the door, went to Pawlet, got soma boards, brought them home on' his back, made a door, and said ever after that ha felt secure from tho intrusion of bears. Francis Perkins was an upright man, mild in his deportment, butnever known to devi ate from what he regarded as honorable and right. In this respect he was like nearly all of the first settlers of the town, nor was he unlike tbem iu the hardships, and dangers which he had to encounter. His experience is, perhaps, a little more striking, in that re spect, than can now be related of many of them, though many of tl>e settlers had their hogs, sheep and calves killed by bears and wolves, and sometimes taken out of their yards, where they invariably kept their stock in the night for some years after the settlement was commenced. Mr. Perkins drew a pension of $ 96. a year and acquired a comfortable property. He died Dec. 26, 1844, aged 86. He has no de scendants, to our knowledge, in Verihont. Jonathan Haynes was probably, the last man who came here before the roll of 1785 was made. He came early in March that year. His son, Hezekiah, who lived iu this towu almost 80 years afterwards, was then 5 years old. From him we have had an in telligible account of his father's history, also much of the early history of the town. Jonathan Haynes was born iu Massachu setts. His father had emigrated from Eng land. The family are able to trace their an cestry back several generations to Jonathan Haynes, who was born in England ih 1616. Jonathan Haynes, the subject of this sketch, removed from HaverhiU, Mass., to Benning ton before the Revolutionary war. His name appeara on tbe roll of Captain Samuel Rob inson's company, which is still preserved. That company was in the ba,ttle of Benning ton. Mr. Haynes was severely wounded the first day of that battle. He received his wound at a time when the Americans were falling back to take a more advantageous po aition. A musket ball struck him under the left shoulder blade, passed through his body, and came out at his right breast, and passed through his right arm near the wrist, which was at the time extended, in the act of ram ming down the cartridge in his gun. This occurred about 2 o'clock in the afternoon. Not long afterwards, those who were sent out to pick up the wounded, came to Mr. Haynes aud offered their assistance ; but he told them he could live but a short time and they had better look after those who could be saved. They left him ; but as they came around about 10 o'clock in the evening of tha same day, to pick up the dead, they found Haynes still alive, and brought hira in. Incredible as it may appear, it was not for him then to die, but to live, and to assist iu laying the foundation of the institutions iu this town. Mr. Haynes removed here in the early part of March, 1785, and put up a log-house near where the school-house, in the south district, now stands. The snow was about four feet deep, but he shovelled it away, and in a short time had a cabin that he puc his fami ly into. He soon moved up- the hill about half a mile, to what is uow known as the Haynes farm : which has been in the family ever since. Mr. Haynes was never well af ter his wound at Bennington, but was able to do a good deal of work, and accumulated quite a property ; frequently held town offi ces ; was a member of the Baptist church, and was chosen one of its deacons, but did not accept, on account of his physical weak ness. He died iu Middletown, May 13, 1813, aged 59. His widow died Oct. 14, 1841, 84 years old. Often, in the latter part of her life, we have heard her relate her trials at Ben nington — how she was frightened when she saw that a battle must be fought, and took her children on a horse and fled to Pownal, and the first tidings she had was that her husband was slain, and when she returned and ascertained his real condition, she sup posed his wound was mortal ; but she took care of Jiim, and at the same time of some of tha Hessian wounded who were left in the hands of the Americans as prisonera. Jonathan Haynes left a large family, all of whom, except Hezekiah, removed from Middletown many years ago. Hezekiah Haynes had a large family, of whom 6 sons 808 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and 2 daughters are now living. The oldest, a, daughter, lives in Michigan ; the second, Aaron, is a Baptist minister, and lives in Western New York ; the secoad son, Alpheus, resides here, and has been a deacon of the Baptist church since 1836 ; 'the third son, Arus, died some years since. He was also a Baptist minister, and stood high in his de nomination, and was for several years pastor of the Baptist church in Eutland. Tha next two sons, Bacchus and Sylvanus H. physic ians, received their diplomas as oarly as 1841. Bacchus is in practice at Eutland, and Sylva nus in his native town. Jonathan, the next son is a farmer, and resides on the old home stead. Hezekiah, the youngest, is a mechan ic, and resides in this village. The youngest daughter is also living here, and is unmarried. Ephraim, Jacob and Philemon Wood, were among the active men of the first set tlers ; but we reserve what we have to say of tbem, until the " Wood Scrape," so called, which happened about the year 1800. Tbe others, not mentioned, whose names are on the roll, were not long here, and very little ia known of them; most of them proved to be " good men and true " while they remain ed here. I would not over estimate the character and worth of those men, but' in my opinion it was fortunate (if I may so say) that it was uot for their grandchildren to do the work which thej' did. With all our advantages ac this advanced age, I honestly think we are inferior to our grandfathers and grandmoth ers, physically, morally and intellectually The popular opinion that they surpassed us only in their physical strength and endu rance, is a mistake. It is in their moral pow er that they appear to the best advantage; their zeal and steadfastne.ss, their unbending energy, their devotion to principle, has not since been equalled — so I think. I might hero say, those mon who came to •¦this place soon after the Spring of 1785, were of the same stamp ; the Clarks, the Caswells, the Loomisen, the Oatmans, Moses Leach, Eussel Barber, and others. The town early made provision for a bur ial-ground. The first ground used for that purpose waa owned by Increase Rudd — uow owned by Mrs. Green, and lies nearly north on the opposite side of the stream from the " nail-l'aeiory." There are appearances of graves tliere, but no monuments. " At a town meeting, holden July 3, 1787, Joseph Spaulding, moderator ; Asher Blunt, Jonathan Brewster, Gideon Miner, Selah Hubbard and Jacob Wood, were chosen a committee to look out a spot for a burying,- ground." At an adjourned meeting, it was " Voted, To purchase an acre of ground of Luthor Fil more for that purpose.'' " Voted, To raise one penny on the pound on the grand list of 1786, to be paid in wheat, at four shiUinga per buahel, by the first of September next." On July 30, 1787, Mr. Filmore executed a deed of the acre to the town. We give the description from Mr. Filmore's deed, aa it lo-' oates the " old school-house," the first one built in town : " Beginning at the corner of the road, four rods west of the school-house in the centre of the town at a stake and stones, thence run ning west sixteen rods, thence south ten rods to a stake and stones, thence sixteen rods to a stake and stone.?, thence ten rods to first mentioned bounds." In less than saventy years, that acre, waa almost entirely occupied with the graves of those men and of their descendants. Gen eral Jonas Clark saw the necessity of enlarg ing the ground, and Oct. 15, 1853, about 3 months before his death, conveyed to the town a piece of land of an acre, or there abouts, adjoining the old burial-ground on the west. He was so feeble he could not then write his name and was obliged to make his mark wheu he executed the deed. Itwas a gift to the town, with a condition that the town should keep it fenced. In 1791, when the first census was taken, the population of Middletown was 699 — nearly as many iuhabitants as there are in the town now — there were but 711 by the census of ISGO. Rapid progress had beeu made, not only in clearing up lands and put ting up buildings, but two churches had bo- come firmly established and prosperous; schools had beeu organized, I think, iu every district 7 roads had been made and by the united effort of a hardy, intelligent and in dustrious population, they were moving along harmoniously. Another grist aud saw-mill had been erected by Nathan Record, near where the road which runs to the " Barber place," crosses the race way that now carriea the water to Gray's mills, on land now owned by Mrs Hannah Clark. A blacksmith's shop, and one or MIDDLETOWN. 809 two other shops had been built in the village. Mr. Filmore had began to keep a tavern, and John Burnham, who had moved sometime duriug the season of 1785, at about this time (1791) commenced building mills aud dwell ing-houses at the place, since known as " Bur- nam's hollow." ilr. Burnam removed from Shaftsbury to Middletown, and first purchas ed largely of real estate iu the south part of tho town. He first put up a log-house in what is now called, the " upper orchard" on Mr. Southworth s farm, the road then ran in that vicinity. The next year, (1786,) he put up a frame-house, the same uow occupied by Mr. Southworth. In the year 1791, (if we • are not mistaken as to the time,) Mr. Bur nam again made large purchases of real es tate in the west part of the towu. He com menced at once putting up a dwelling-house, afterwards known as the " Sam. Willa!rd house," After that house waa completed, he left his son Jacob on his premises, in the south part of the town, and moved into the Willard house. He then went extensively into building mills, also in farming, and built several dweUing-houses. He built a forge, foundry, grist and saw-mills, an oil- mill, carding-machine aud clothiers works, aud a distillery. All of these he put into successful and active operation and carried on here an extensive business until 1811, when his mUls were all swept away by the freshet of that year. He afterwards rebuilt his forge and saw-mill, but did uot do a large amount of business after the disaster of 1811. John Buenam the first lawyer that settled in towu, was a man of uncommon ability. For the success of the religious interests in town, perhaps not much was due to him, al though he paid something for such purposes and wae in the habit of attending meetings on the Sabbath, but did not believe in the immortality of the soul ; yet it must be con ceded for the success of business enterprises at that early day, the town \\ as much in debted to him. FKOM Williams' statistics of the eutland COUNTY BAE. "John Burnam. was born in Old Ipswich, ila.~s., in 1742, and came to Bennington the first year of its settlement, 1761, this being our oldest town. He was one of the first set tlers of the State. He wasmt the time but 19 years old, previous to which time hia ed ucation had been wholly neglected, having never, on account of indigence of hia parents. received ' but a few weeks schooling.' For hia subsequent attainments, he was wholly in debted to his exertions put forth after thia time. In 1765, he removed to Shaftsbury, and located himself near Squire Munroe, 'a Yorker,' who had received the appointment of Justice of the Peace from New York, and who, by his exertions in behalf of that gov ernment, was asource of trouble, and became very obnoxious to the New Hampshire grant ees. Some dispute arising between this Squire Munroe and Mr. B., the former prevailed in consequence of his presumed legal knowl edge, when Mr. B. determined to iniorin him self on the subject of law, so as at least to know aud understand his rights. There were at this time no attornies in the terri tory, comprising the State of Vermout, or nearer to it than the new city, (now Lan singburgh, N. Y.) Thither Mr. B. went and procured Blackstone's Commentaries, and one or two volumes of'the N. Y, Colony Laws. These he so attentively studied dur ing his leisure time, that he soon became familiarly acquainted with them, and began to put his knowledge in practice, and soon became quite ' a pettifogger for his times and a new country ' He removed to Bennington iu 1771, and engaged in the mercantile bus iness and continued in it until 1779, when he returned to Shaftsbury where he resided un til 1785. During thia time he was a member of the conventions of 1776 and '77. which declared our independence of New York, formed our State constitution, &c. He waa one of the committee who draughted the dec laration of our independence, and existence as a separate State. He also represented Bennington, then our largest towu. in the first General assembly, or Legislature of the State. During the Revolutionary War, ha was commissary of the northern army, and commissioner for the sale of confiscated es tates. His connection with the execution of Red ding was perhaps the most notorious event of his life. Redding had been convicted of ' criminal conduct' by a jury of six persons, and was sentenced to be executed on the 14th of June, 1778. Unon the appointed day, and after a vast multitude had assembled to witness, the execution, Mr. B. disclosed to the councifthat, by the common law of England, no man could be sentenced but upon convic tion by twelve of his peers, whereupon a re prieve was granted. This was the cause of great disappointment to the people who had assembled to witness the execution, to ap pease whom Ethan Allen mounted a stump aud exclaimed ' Attention the whole ' and informed them that ' on a certain future day some one should be hung, and if Redding was not, he would be himself.' Redding waa again tried, convicted and executed." Mr. Burnam seems to have been engaged as counsel in many of the first cases tried in the County court, in Bennington county, and " being successful," was induced by Stephen 810 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. R. Bradley and Nathaniel Chipman to take the attorney's oath. Dr. Graham, in his " Letters upon Vermont," published iu 1797, thus speaks of him : " Mr. Burnara, of Mid dletown, possesses large iron foundries and forges. This gentleman was one of the practicing lawyers of the State, but of late years has wholly declined the profession. He is a man of real abilities and great sci entific knowledge." We should add here that Mr. B. represent ed the town of Middletown 6 years, the first time in 1788. He died in Middletown, Aug. 1, 1829, aged 87. His father died in Mid dletown, in 1811, aged 97. John Burnam left 4 sons and 2 daughters, none of whom are now living Nathan, the oldest son, removed from here at au early day. He left a family, as we are informed, who had a good standing and influence. Jacob, the second son, remained on the old homestead until a short time before he died. Jacob has 2 children now living; Jacob, jr., and Eveline, the widow of Johnson Cook, both of whom uow reside in Sturges, ilich. , and Harry, who is an attorney and judge of probate, and resides in Indiana. Of the other two sons of John Burnam, were John the third, as he was called, who died about 1835, and Sylvester, who died about 1860 — both died poor ; of the two daughters, one married Jeremiah Leffingwell, and the other Samuel Willard. They had the reputation of being .worthy women, and were active members of the Methodist denomination. Mr. Leffingwell was a mau of considerable notoriety in his time, and was engaged in a good deal of business. One of his daughters married the late Nathan Allen of Pawlet, who has left a family strongly marked with the energy and business tact of their mater nal ancestors. At the census of 1800, the population of the town was 1066, a gain of 367 in 9 years. A village had sprung up with about as many inhabitants, and probably more busiuess than it now has. John Burnam had a viUace of hia own in " Burnam Hollow," and the Mi ners were doing quite a business in tho east part of the town ; every part of the town was settled and the farma wore cleared up aud un der cultivation. About 1800, occurred the " Wood scrape," a, term not expressive perhaps of what is meant, but a name which has always been given by the people to a strange affair in which the Wood families, then living here, were the leading actors. It was a religious delusion, and, at the time, the cause of great excitement here, and of a, good deal of noto riety in this part of the State. That there were other denouements besides delusion in the affair is true, but it had its origin, I have no doubt, in a false religion of which Nathaniel Wood was the author, and was sus tained and enabled to become what it did by delusion. Before 1860, I had conversed with more than 30 old men and women who were living hereun 1800, and then supposed I had obtain ed all the information that could be had on tbat subject, the substance of which was that' the Woods dug for money in various parts of the town, aud were engaged in this for nearly a year ; that they used hazel-rods which they pretended would lead them to places where money had been buried, and that they finally predicted that there would be an earthquake oa a future day by them named, and that wheu that day arrived there was great excite ment and commotion among the people, such as was never known here before nor since. About the year 1862, some facts new to me, came into my possession, since which timo I have made use of all tha means in my power to collect all the information connected with that matter which could possibly be obtained. On this investigation, which has taken much of my time, I have become convinced that tha narrations given me by the old people were correct, so far as they went, and taey went so far as to include nearly all the open trans actions of the Woods but the origin of that affair and the results are, iu my judgment, important, aud the facts bearing upon these I have obtained, for the most part, since 1862. The Woods were among the early settlors of the town. They caiue here from Benning ton and had uot beeu there long ; they camo to this State from Norwich, Ct. ; some of them were here as early .as 1782. In 1800, they had become more numerous than any family or families of the same or of one name in the town. There were here at this time Nathan iel Wood, Nathaniel Wood, jr., Ephraim, Ja cob, Ebenezer, Ebenezer jr., John, John jr., Philemon, Lewis, David, and Moseley Wood. Nathaniel Wood, "the old man of all," as he was called, was the father of Nathaniel jr., and of Jacob and Ephraim. Nathaniel Wood was a preacher. After the Congregational MIDDLETOWN. 811 church was organized, he offered himself to them as their minister, but Deacon Jonathan Brewster, having known him in Connecticut, opposed it. Wood persisted for a considera ble length of time in his efforts to become their pastor, but Dea. Brewster determinedly opposed it and succeeded in carrying the church with him ; but eilher to gratify some of Mr. Wood's friends in the church, or to ap pease him, they passed a vote in which they recognized him " as a leader" in the church. He was a member of the church, as would ap pear from the records, although he never sign ed the articles, as did others of that time. The ' records of that church show that for 4 or 5 yoars, commencing in 1784, there was an al most uninterrupted controversy going on be tween Mr. Wood and the church, or between him and some one or more of its members. In 1789, the church passed the following : " That Joseph Spaulding, Lewis Wood and Increase Rudd, be a committee to confer with Mr. Nathaniel Wood, and tell him his fault, viz., of saying one thing and doing contrary, and persisting in contention, and saying in convention that he wished for a council and wheu the church, by their committee, pro posed to have a council to settle the whole matter, he utterly refused." He seemed to have treated this action of the church with contempt, and in October, 1789, the church excommunicated him. It does not appear from the records of the church, that there was any controversy between him and them upou doctrines, but the disputes arose mostly from his charges against mem bers, aud against the church, in which he claimed that injustice had beeu done lo him iu their action, ou several occasions. He was a very ambitious man, fond of contention, aud had an indomitable will that could not endure defeat; a man of great mental power, aud allowing me to judge from information I have obtained, was as dishonest and unscru pulous in matters of religion as any modern politician has been in politics. When he found he could not rule the Congregational church, he seemed determined to ruin it. He was a formidable antagonist ; bat with such men as Jonathan Brewster, Joseph Spaulding and Gideon Miner in that church, he could make but little progress iu that direction. After Mr. Wood was excluded from the church, he set up meetings of his own, aud preached to those who came to hear him, and succeeded, after awhile, in getting quite a con gregation, consisting of his own family and family oonuections, and some others. He held his meetings mostly at the dwelling- houses of his sons. His religioua doctrines, whatever they might have been while iu the Congregational charch, appeared to be far from orthodox after his independent organiza tion, if organization it was. He professed to believe in supernatural agencies, and dwelt very much in his preaching on the judgments of God, which he claimed would visit the peo ple by the special acts of Providence, as did the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and the plagues of Egypt. Tha judgments of God were his favorite themes. At first his owa family did not appear to adopt his new doc trines ; but such was his tenacity and perse verance, that by the year 1800, he had drawn them all in, with many others outside of hia family and family connections, so that he had at this time a number nearly equal to either of the other denominations in town. His pe culiar religious doctrines will appear as we proceed. Suffice it to say, for the present, that he regarded himself and his followers as modern Israelites or Jews, under the special care of Providence; that the Almighty would not only specially interpose in their behalf, but would visit their enemies, the Gentiles (all outsiders), with his wrath and vengeance. In this condition we find Nathaniel Wood and his followers when the hazel-rod was in troduced, and the money digging commenced ; but the Woods did not commence it ; that^ hon or belongs to a, man of another name ; but they were in a condition to adopt this man's rod-notions, which they did with great effect in their work of deluding the people. A man by the name of Winohell, as he call ed himself when he came here, was the first man who uaed the hazel-rod. From what wa have learned of him, he was, undoubtedly, an expert villain. He sought to accomplish his purposes by working upou the hopes and fears of individuals, and by a kind of sorcery, which he performed with great skill. Tha time he came here I cannot give, but it was, undoubtedly, sometime in the year 1799. He was a fugitive from justice from Orange coun ty, Vermont, where he had been engaged in counterfeiting. He first went to a Mr. Cow- dry's, in Wells, who then lived in that towu, near the line between Wells and Middletown, in the house now owned and occupied by Eob ert Parks, Esq. Cowdry was the father of Oliver Cowdry, the noted Mormon, who claim- 812 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ed to have been one of the witnesses to Joe Smith's revelations, and to have written the book Mormon, as it was deciphered by Smith from the golden plates. Winohell, I have been told, waa a frieud and acquaintance of Cowdry's, but of this I cannot be positive ; they were intimate afterwards; but Winchell ataid at Cowdry's some little time, keeping himself concealed, and it is the opinion of some with whom I have conversed that he cemmenced his operations of digging for mon ey in Wells, but I have beeu unable to deter mine as to that. It ia well known that there was a good deal of money digging in that part of Wells. Whether it commenced at the time spoken of when Winchell went there, or after wards, is, to my mind, unsettled. Winchell next turns up in Middletown, at Ezekiel Perry's in the Fall or fore part of the winter of 1799. Perry lived at the extreme south part of tha town, on the road to Paw let. Here he staid all Winter, keeping him self from the public eye, practicing his arts of deception as he had opportunity to do so, without attracting too mnch attention ; and here he began to use the hazel-rod (whether he had before used it at Cowdry's, in Wells, I cannot say). He would tell fortunes, and do other wondrous things with it. In the Spring of 1800, feeling perhaps, a little more secure from those who desired to fiud him and bring him to justice, he gathered quite a num ber about him from the immediate neighbor hood, aud told them there was money buried in that region, and with his rod he could find it, and if they would asaiat in digging it out, aud forever keep it a secret, he would give them a part of the money. This they agreed to, and wero all eager to commence digging. Before we proceed further, we should, per haps, say a word about thia rod, which play ed such a part in Middletown in this event ful year. The best description we can give of it is this ; It was a stick of what has been known as witch-hazel — a small bush or shrub very common in this vicinity. It was cut with two prongs, in the form of a fork, and tho person using it would take the two prongs, one in each haud, and the other end from the body. From the use of this stick Winchell and the Woods pretended to divine all sorts of things to auit their purposes. It is probably true that a hazel-stick, or perhaps any green stick, cut in this form, and held in this manner by aome persons, wiU sometimes move without any apparent cause. There is some natural cause for it. Whether il is at tracted by water or mineral substances iu the earth, or moved by the imagination of the per son holding it, is a matter for the philosopher, not for me. This much is quite certain, it was then a very effectual implement with which to practice deception. After Winchell had made his proposals to those whom he gathered about him, and they had been accepted, he had recourse to his rod to determine whether they were sincere in their promises to keep the money digging a secret. The rod, as he pretended, told him they were, and then he sallied out ; went on to the hill, east of Perry's house, holding his rod before him in the manne'r indicated, his dupes following after. On the hill, a little south of east of the upper Wait house, ou the Tinmouth side of the line, his rod fell or made some motion, which told him, that they had reached the spot where the precious metal was buried. The men, under Winchell, im mediately prejiared themselves with shovels aud other implements, aud commenced dig ging. They worked hard for two or three days, and becoming weary, their enthusiasm began to cool, and they began to show signs of giving out. Winchell held up his rod, got some motion from it, and told them the mon ey was in an iron chest and covered with a large stone, and that they would soon come to it. This had the effect to renew their en ergies, aud soon they did come to a stone or a rock, and were at once wild ¦n-ith excite ment. Winchell then again consulted his rod, and told his men they must wait awhile bo- fore removing the stone or taking out the chest of money. It was now two or three o'clock in the afternoon, and this evil man, the better to accomplish his purposes, kept his dupes away from the place until nearly sundown, when they were provided with levers, handspikes and bars to remove the stone. Winchell once more astonished them with the motions of his rod, and told them if they obeyed his instructions, they would, in a few moments, be in possession of large sums of money. He impressed it upon them, that the occasion was one of " awful moment," that there was a "divinity" guarding the treasure, and that if there was any lack of faith in any one of the party, or any should utter a 'word while removing the stone and taking out the chest, that this divinity would MIDDLETO-WN. 813 put the money forever ba.yond their reach, and besides he could not be answerable for consequences. Believing every word this vile man said to them, you can imagine, bet ter than I can describe, the appearance and feelings of those men as they were prying and lifting away for two long hours at a stone so large that it was impossible for them to re move-it from its bed. The spell was broken at last. Some one of the party stepped on the foot of another, the latter crying out ih pain, " Get off from my toes." Winchell ex claimed with a loud voice, " The money is gone, flee for your lives!" Every man of the -party dropped his bar or lever, and ran as though it was for life. Thus ended the dig ging for money at this place. Winchell man aged to get what little change these men had while they were digging, probably under the expectation, on their part, that they all would soon have money enough. Soon after this affair Winohell made the acquaintance of the Woods, who, according to our theory, were then ripe for just such a scheme. As an old mau told me, who lived here at the time, and professed to know all about it, " They (the Woods) swallowed Win chell, rod and all." I may as well give the old man's name, it was Jabez D. Perry, who died in Middletown in the FaU of 1863. Per ry gave ma this account of Winchell. It being then new to me, I must say that I doubted its truth ; but in my researches since that time, I have found evidence, the most of it from living witnesses, to sustain Mr. Perry in every particular, except Winchell's management in the digging as above given — and I might well say that he is sustained in that, for it was all the same, or of similar character which fol lowed, and was kept up until the next win ter; the same romance attended it, the same imposition waa practiced, and there was the same claim to a supernatural age'ricy. The Woods then commenced using the hazel rod and digging for money, which was in the Spring or early in the summer of 1800, and continued in this until late in the Fall, and some have said until into the Winter. Winchell was with them, but it was not gen erally known, he being concealed — the Woods were the ostensible managers. They did not handle the pick and shovel very much in the digging ; that part of the work was mostly done by those who were drawn into it by the Wooda. A man by the name of Pratt did a good deal of tha digging'; he then lived on what has since been known as the Barber farm, aud either at that time or before, owned it. But the Wooda superintended the work, and were the men who handled the rod for the most part in those operations. Jacob Wood, known as Capt. Wood, one of the sons of Nathaniel, was the leader in the use of the rod. " Priest Wood." his father, seemed to throw his whole soul into the rod delusion, but his use of the rod was mostly as a medi um of revelation. It was "St. John's rod" he said, and undoi*btedly was very conve nient for him, as he was much more fruitful in his prophecies than before — but Capt. Jacob was the man to find where the money was buried, and to use the rod at their publio meetings, and on other occasions, though all the Woods and their followers, had each a rod, which was used whenever they desired any information. If any one was sick, they sought the rod to know whether they would live or die, and to know what medicine to administer to them. In all their business matters, they followed, as they said, the di rection of the rod, and with it they could, as they pretended, divine the thoughts and in tentions of men. The greatest part of their digging for mon ey was ou the Barber farm, and on the Zenas Frisbie farm, then owned by Ephraim Wood, though they dug mmany other places in town. On the Frisbie farm, the farm on which I was born and raised, there are seven or eight places which still bear the marks of their dig ging. At one place in the " notch," it has been said they dug to the depth of 70 feet, and from the appearances about the place, I should judge they might have gone to that depth. They were led to these places, or pre tended to be, by the rods. Many of the old people have told me, that almost every day during that season, Capt. Wood, or some other one, could be seen with the two prongs of the rod twisted around his hands, iu search for buried treasures. Whether they were dig ging for and expected to find coin or ore, has often been asked of me. They talked the most about money, which they said had beeu buried in this region, which would mean coin of course, but my opinion is, that they had become so deluded that they had no distinct idea as to 'ivhether they were in pursuit of gold and silver in coin or in its natural state, but let this be understood as an opinion. 811 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE> ilaay not familiar with the facts, have sup poaed, and have said to me, that they were nnder the impression that the Woods acted upon the theory that those hazel-rods may be attracted by metalic substances in the earth and hence their motion or working ; but they had no such theory as that ; there waa no show of reason iu the affair from beginning to end, their idea was, that it was revelation, that it was made known to them through the medium of St. John'a rod, and would be re vealed to none othera but God's chosen peo ple. Nathaniel Wood's /ewish theory, (if I may so call it,) ran through the whole thing from first to last, Mauy ludicrous stories which might ba amusing to some, could be given, as related by the Woods and othera, while they were digging. They dug some time iu a cellar on the Barber farm ; there tbey came to a stone, aud under it was the chest of money as they said. They run their bars down, and they would strike tbe chest ; theu they would dig awhile — ruu down their bars again, and it would not be there. This would be repeated — sometimes the chest would be there, and theu it would not. Once they raised it up and 'were on the point of taking it out, when their efforts became powerless, the chest would come no furthur. They then laid a Bible upon it, and went after some one to come and pray over it, but wheu they returned, the Bible aud chest of money were both gone. This result they said was owing to the wick edness or want of faith of some one or more of the party. The rods- men, (such they were called,) be came so infatuated as to give up nearly their whole time to this scheme. AU the believers became wild fanatics. Besides those iu Mid dletown in this movement, there were several families in the south-east part of Poultney, now known as the Giddings neighborhood ; also several families in the north-east part of Wells, in the vioinity of the Giddings neigh borhood. These were also digging for mon ey, and wore known as belonging to the rod- men. Some facts may be given to show the delu- eiomof those persons in this movement. In Poultney, a young lady by the name of Ann Bishop, mysteriously disappeared ; no one could give any clue to her whereabouts The Woods were sent for, and came. It be came known, and large numbera had collect ed, it being on the sabbath day, from Poult ney, Middletown and Wells. The rod was brought into requisition, and pointed to a certain place in Wells pond, which runs up into the aouth part of Poultney. The conclu sion was tbat the lady was drowned in that place, and the next thing done was a^ prepar ation to get the body. Eopes, chains and hooks were procured, and logs were drawn up, a horse-blanket and some other matter, but no human body. She was drowned there, the rods-men said, they were sure of thatj She afterwards made her appearance. The Woods at one time had it revealed to them, that they must build a temple. Thoy. got out the timber for the frame, got it raiaed up to the rafters, when they had another rev elation that that work moat be discontinued, and nothing more was done on the temple. From the tin^ the Woods began to use tha rod and dig for money, which waa in the Spring or early Summer of 1800, they and their followers were every day becoming more heated in their zeal, and by the December fol lowing, it became evident that a crisis would aoon be reached. "Priest Wood" was becom ing so loud and vehement and so frenzied in his favorite theme of God's judgments upon the wicked Gentiles, that it was not difficult to perceive that a paroxysm and collapse wero near at hand. It was revealed to them, that ou a certain night there would be au earth quake — that immediately prior lo the earth quake the " destroyer '' would pass through the land and slay a portion of the unbeliev ers, aud the earthquake would complete the destruction of them and their worldly posses sions. The day ou which they predicted that this would occur, was the 14th of January, 1801. This I have determined from a letter which I have received from au old gentleman who was present on the occasion. When tb9.-day arrived for the earthquake, the Woods and their friends all collected at the house of Nathaniel Wood, jr., who then lived on what has been known as the Micah Vail farm, which is now owned aud occupied by Crockee Clift, and as they left their own houses, prepared them for the earthquake by putting their crockery on the floors, aud wrote on each of their door-posts ; " Jesus our pass- over was sacrificed for us.'' Tha rods-men, or those who handled the rods, among whom Capt. Wood was chief, were at Nathaniel jr.'s house early in the day. One of their duties MIDDLETOWN. 815 on this occasion was to determine who were and who were not to be saved from the ap proaching destruction or " plague,'' as they called it, and to admit such into the house, and those only, who were to be spared. The occasion was with them the Passover, and how they kept it will pretty fully appear from the letter above alluded to. Up to the evening of this day, the people of the town had looked unconcerned upon this folly of the Woods, but now they became suddenly aroused, and mauy were very much alarmed. They feared some evil might befall someof the inhabitants during the night. They (the Gentiles,) had uo belief in the Wood's predictions, but feared that they or some of their followers would themselves turn " de stroying angels " and kill some of the iuhab itants, or get up an artificial earthquake by the use of powder, which would result in in jury to persons or property. Capt Joel Mi ner was commander-in-chief of the militia in town, and hastily collected his company. Capt. Miner was a very energetic, as well as a very earnest man, and I should judge from all accounts, was at this time very much alarmed for the safety of the inhabitants. General Jonas Clark was at tbe time one of his subordinate officers, and 'was teaching a singing-school which had assembled at the house of Mr. Filmore. Capt Miner came in much excited, reprimanded him for his indif ference in the matter, and ordered him to duty. He left hia singing-school at once, and took his place in the militia. The General was not in the habit of neglecting his duty, bat he was a philosopher, aud it is probable that he " didn't think there would be much of a shower." Capt. Miner stationed his com pany as sentinels and patrols iu different parts of the town, with directions to allow no per son to pass them unless a satisfactory account of themselves could be given, and especially to have an eye out for the " destroying an gels." The town had a quantity of powder, balls and flints, as the law then required ; these were kept in the Congregational meet ing-house iu a sort of cupboard under the pul pit. From this the militia were supplied with the requisite ammunition, and Jonathan Morgan was left here to guard the military stores. There was no sleep that night among the inhabitants ; fear, coueternalion, great ex citement and martial law prevailed through out the night — but the morning came with out any earthquake, or any injury done to any of the inhabitauts or their property, ex cept Jacob Wood's crockery was broken up in his house, where he left it on the floor. A journeyman hatter in the employ of Dyer Leffingwell said he thought " the earthquake hadn't ought to go for nothing," and went into the house, (it was where Lucius Cope laud, Esq., now lives,) iu Capt. Wood's ab sence to attend the Passover, aud broke up and destroyed his crockery. That was the extent of the mischief so far as the destruction of property was concerned, and no individu al received any bodily harm. The militia were dismissed in the morning and went to their homes. I shall now introduce the letter to which I have alluded. It ia from Eev. Laban Clark, D. D., a man over 90 years old, as I am in formed, who resides in Middletown, Ct., aud is still in a good degree iu the enjoyment of his faculties. Mr. Clark was with the Wooda on tha eventful night. " In the year 1801, I travelled in tha north part of Vermont, and in lower Can ada. I met at that time a man who told wonderful stories of finding St. John's rod, and the strange things it accomplished. Nov. 1, 1801, I went to Brandon circuit, which then included all of Eutland County I heard ou arriving there, much talk of tha rod-men. People were saying that certain persons were directed by rods to certain roots and plants that they used to cure diseases, in many cases which they thought almost mi raculous. In December, I went to Poultney for my first appointment there ; and was in formed that two young women had been fol lowing the rods in a severe cold and dark night over placea where men could scarcely go by day-light. I went thence to Middle- town, where I preached iu the house of Mr. Done, the only Methodist family in the place. After the cloae of the services the people be gan to inquire of Mr. D. about the " girl's tramp ;" and I learned that his daughter was one of the young women above mentioned. Wheu I could see Mr, D. alone, I conversed with him upon the subject. He told me that many people in America were, unknown to themselves, Jews, and these divining-rods would designate who they were. I asked him to let me see one of the rods. After some hesitation, he did so. I asked him to learn by it whether I were a Jew. The rod immediately pointed towards me. I said then, " If that is true, please tell me to what tribe I belong ?" He tried several different tribes, but there was no motion of the rod. I then said, " I think I belong to the tribe of Joseph." At once the rod pointed towards me ; thus proving to my satisfaction that it waa moved by the imagination of the person 816 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. who held it. I felt anxious foi the result of all this but said little. " Al my next appointment in Poultney, Bro. Dona met me there. He looked so very dejected, I feared he had come for me to at lend some funeral service for a friend. I ask ed for his family, and for the cause of his sor row. " 0," said he, " the judgments of God are abroad." He then said they had de termined to spend the next day as a day of fasting and prayer, and he desired me to go and be with tliem. Accordingly, accompa nied by Mr. Yates aud Esquire Wells, I wont. When we arrived, old Priest Wood was lec turing, on the words, " Thy judgments are made manifest," Eev, 15 ; 4. When he closed I announced my appointment to preach at Mr. Done'a that evening. I waa asked to change the place to the one we were now in, as seals were there all ready. I consented. I went to Mr. D.'s to tea aud fo'und a great deal of secret manoeuvering going on. To give them all freedom I went to the barn for a time. On my return, I found posted on the door, " Christ our Passover was sacrificed for us." I said nothing, but went to my meeting. After preaching, several persons commenced holding up rods, and running from one end of the room to the other. I prepared to leave, when Bro. D. came to me much agitated, and expressed sorrow that I could not stay at his house that night " Where will I go?" I said. He replied. "0, you will fare as well as the rest of us." So I aat down. We were soon ordered to go to the house fixed up for the occasion — -a school room where they had made a large fire. They all came in much agitated, many weep ing. I found they were expecting there was to be an earthquake. I conversed with sev eral respecting those that had the rods. They professed to nave been converted but all the evidence I could gain of the fact was that the rods would work in their hands. We sat there till morning light. As morn ing dawned they went out and looking up ward, kept working the rods. Al last the old minister said : " 0, I told them I thought it would not be until to-morrow night." Soon after light I went to Bro. Done's and asked to take a nap. On passing through tha parlor I fouud all tha crockery setting in the middle of the floor. After sleeping, I was taking my breakfast, when two men came in and said they had found out the whole mistake. They had thought because tho rods had directed them to have all their goods packed up, that there was to bo an earthquake. But this was the 14th day of the first month, (it was the Hth of Jan.) and on tho Hth day of the first mouth the child- dren of larael were directed to keep the Pass over with shoes and hats on. So they were directed now to keep that day until they were prepared to go into the New Jerusalem. I made no remark, but concluded they had now Bomething to work on to deceive the people. '' After eight weeka I had another appoint- at to preach in the same place. "When 1 1 ment to preach i inquired of Bro. Done respecting the rods. He seemed perfectly honest and sincere, but all in earnest and perfectly duped. He told me the rods were able invisibly lo remove gold and silver. He said they had found that there was a vast quantity of it in the earth, and the rods, could collect it to ono place. They were now doing the work aud expected lo get enough to pave the streets of the New Jerusalem. I asked if the gold came in its native state or in currency. He said in both. I then asked him if they had any person who understood refining gold ? He said they had one who understood it per fectly well. " Where is he," I said. " He keeps himself secreted in the woods," he re plied. I asked his name, and he told me it was Wingate I remembered at once: it wa| the name of a man who was detected about two years before in Bradford, Vt., in milling counterfeit dollars. My father having been selectman of the town at the timo, I had known the case well After some reflection, I said to Bro. Done " I lear there is counter feiting going on, and if you are not careful, I fear you will be drawn into it and your rep utation and your family ruined." He was alarmed. I said " I think I can tell you how to escape. If my fears are correct, they will call on you for sums of money, and .will want it iu specie." He replied they had al ready done so. I advised him then to put away his rod and quit them, or he was a ruined man. Four weeks after that, when I returned, he told me he had not seen his rod since I left. I asked him to burn it. Ho replied his wife knew where it was, and left the room. She brought it aud I burned it. " I ascertained afterwards that the eldest sou of Priest Wood, called Capt, Wood, was the principal religious mover in sijjht w'nilo Wingate kept concealed. Wood was Win- gate's outside agent, and got up the religious excitement to aid the scheme." The foregoing was penned by a friend for Mr. Clark, as will appear from the follow ing, which accompanied the same iu Mr. Clark's own hand: "Middletown, Conn., Jan'y 30, 1867. " Deae Sie : — My hand is so paralyzed that it is difficult for me lo -write. I do uot find the manuscript of the notice published, but have related some of the facts by tho hand of a friend. I never resided in the town of Middletown in Vermont, but travel ing on a circuit preached there once a month for .ibout six months. I had no acquain tance with the Woods other than holding the Passover with them the 14th of January, 1801. By what I learned of them, I have no doubt that their movement gave origin to the Mormons, the vilest acheme of villiany and corruption that has ever cursed tho country. Yours, respectfully, Labah Claek." MIDDLETOWN. 817 Mr. Clark says, " I ascertained afterwards that the eldest son of Priest Wood, called Capt. Wood, was the principal religious mov er in sight, while Wingate kept concealed. Wood was Wingate's outside agent, and got up the religious excitement to aid the scheme." This Wingate and Winchell the name given me by Perry and others, are be yond question, one and the same person. What we get from Mr Clark's letter, so far as it goes, of Wingate, b the same I obtained from Perry of Winchell in 1862 — that is, that he was detected in counterfeiting, in Bradford, Vt., came here and was with the ¦Woods in their movement, and kept himself concealed in the time. Perry told me that he changed his name after he came, lo avoid discovery by the officers of justice. Wheth er he did or not, I cannot be positive, but il is established beyond controversy, that a man came, first lo WeUs, then lo Middle- town, introduced the hazel rod, and after wards acted a. part with the Woods which we have indicated ; and that Winchell, as given me by. Perry, and Wingate, the name in Mr. Clark's letter, both mean that man.' Was this wild and mysterious affair a movement to cover np a, counterfeiting scheme? Such has been the opinion of near ly all with whom I have conversed on that subject. The old folks who were here at that time, were very decidedly of that opin ion. I never got the name of Winchell (so I shall continue to call him,) from any one until I got it from Perry, but many of them have said lo me that the Woods had a man with them who understood counterfeit ing, and they had no doubt about his being engaged with them in that business. 1 never have got hold of any evidence of counter feiting in that affair, other than the facts I am giving you except this ; a large oven was afterwards discovered in an out of the way place, on the premises of one of the Woods, which bore marks of use for other purposes than baking bread. But it is quite probable, in my opinion, that counterfeiting was going on — that was WinoheH'a trade ; he was an old hand al the business — it was money that he was after, that was his end and aim in this affair. Was that the purpose of the Woods ? Upon this question I find myself to differ from almost all others including those who were here al the time. That the Woods were iu intimate and close connection with Winchell in his concealment, there ia no doubt, and if he was counterfeiting they must have known it: but it has alwaya seemed to me as though they were actuated and borne on in that strange movement by their religious zeal. Nathaniel Wood had been excluded from the Congregational Church some 12 years before, and had got- ton up a new system of religious doctrine, and seemed determined that it should prevail at all events. The use of the rod was uot the beginning of it, but by the use of the rod many converts were -added, and the zeal of all greatly increased and continued to in crease until it amounted to distraction. The conduct of those men does not seem tq me like deliberate plotting aud planning, bnt more as though they were carried along by au irresistible currant of fanaticism ; but this is an opinion, not history. That Winchell availed himself of thia " outside " movement to cover up aud aid his nefarious schemes, is very likely. He was cool and deliberate — he " could raise the wind and nol bo carried along, with it," and turn the effects of it to his own advantage. In the Wood families, and especially in Nathaniel Wood's family, were some of the best minds the lown ever had. Jacob Wood, the oldest sou of Nathaniel, was elected one of the selectmen of the town at the first meet ing after the town was organized, and al most constantly held some town office after that. He was more like his father than his other sons — more inclined to be a religious agitator. Ephraim, the second son, was elected constable al the first annual meeting, and had several sacceasive elections to that office. He and his brother, Nathaniel jr., at first tacitly assented to their father's relig ious notions, but after the rod delusion com menced they were more drawn into it, though they never took a leading part as their brother Jacob did. Nathaniel Wood, jr., was un doubtedly the superior of all the Woods in point of ability and culture. He represented Middletown in the legislature 5 or 6 years in succession ; was for a long tirne the active justice of the peace here ; waa town clerk several years, and held other offices. He was the father of Eeuben Wood, who studied law with Gen. Jonas Clark, went to Cleve land, Ohio, about the year 1817, got into an extensive practice there — was made a judge of the supreme court of that Stale, which 818 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. position he held for 17 years, and a portion of that time was chief justice. He had the reputation of being one of the best jurists in the United States. He was afterwards made governor of Ohio, which office he held, I think, 4 years. Perhaps I ought to say this of the Woods, excepting Priest Wood, that up to the time this rod imposition commenced, no act of their lives has ever been mentioned in my hearing inconsistent with honesty, industry aud good citizenship — but so much the more mysterious and unaccountable, their disgrace ful conduct in tha " rod scrape." The Wood families removed from Middletown as soon as .they could conveniently after tbe failure of their earthquake enterpriae ; they went to Ellisburg, N. Y., and it has been said, that ever after, they and their descendants have demeaned themselves as good citizens. In connection with this Wood affair, I have one thing more to consider, which is perhaps more important as a matter of history than anything else connected with il. Mr. Clark ip his letter says : " By what I have heard of them (the Woods,) I have no doubt that tbe movement gave origin lo the ilormons." This opinion of Mr. Clark, Ihave no doubt will be received as a surprise, both in and out of Middletown. But Mr. Clark, is not the only man who has given the same opinion. I first got it from Jabez D. Perry, in 1862 It was a surprise to me then, and I examined and cross-examined him for hours together, to get all the facts I could bearing upon that point — since which time I have found others, intelligent men, of the same opinion. After receiving the foregoing letter from Mr. Clark, I wrote him again asking him for the facts to sustain his opinion. In reply, he refers me to a work written by Dr. Kidder of Cliicago, 111., which I have obtain ed, but says that about 1840 he heard two Mormon preachers in Connecticut, who held to the " same or much the same doctrines which the Woods did in Middletown." In this he is undoubtedly correct. I have uo desire to give Middletown the honor of being the birth place of ilormonism, but I do desire to bring out facts, and if from these facts Mormonism may be traced back to this place, as a matter of history, and of curiosity, the people here, and throughout the country, should know it. That the system of religion promulgated by Nathaniel Wood, and adopted by his foi- lowers in 1800, was the same, or "much tha same," aa the Mormona adopted ou the staft, is beyond question. Il was claimed by tb Mormons, so says a writer of their history, " that pristine Christianity was to be restored with the gift of prophecy, the gift of tongues^ with power to heal all manner of diseases— that t-he falness of the gospel waa to .be brought forth by the power of God, aud tha seed of Isarel were to be brought into the fold, and that the gospel would be carried to the Gentilea, many of whom were to receive it." These were the doctrines of the Woods. The Wooda were very fruitful iu prophecies, espeoially after the hazel rod came to their use ; ao were the Mormons in the beginning of their creed, and both the Wooda and the Mormona claimed to have revelations, and sought for them and received them, as they pretended, uot only in matters of religion, but in matters of business. They pretended to bo governed by the Divine wiU as revealed to them on the occasion. The question now arises, how came the Mormons by these religioua doctrines of tbe Woods ? Was it a mere accident, that the ilormons afterwards got np a system like that concocted by Nathaniel Wood, years before'? The Wood affair collapsed in 1801 or 1802, two or three years before Joe Smith was born, and they (the Woods,) and their followers were al once scattered in various parts of the country, and Mormonism did not appear to the world, until about 1830. It might have beeu purely accidental, but it seems to me hardly probable. I will give all tbe evidence I have been able to procure on that subject. Iu the first place, their religious theories being the same, would have great weight, and would be almost conclusive in the matter, un less overcome by facts and circumstances, showing the contrary. This same Winchell or Wingate, the counterfeiter, who introduced the rod here, and was with the Woods in their operations, afterwards went to Palmyra, New York, the home of Joe Smith, when ho (Smith) set on foot the Mormon scheme. What time Winchell went to Palmyra, I am unable to say, but he was there early enough to get Joe Smith's father to digging for money, aome years before Joe was old enough to engage in the business — but Joe was at it as soon as he was old enough, and if his biographers can MIDDLETOWN. 819 be relied on, ha followed il until about the lime he pretended to have found the golden hible. I have been told that Joe Smith's father resided in Poultney at the time of the ^¦yood movement here, aud that he was ih it, and one of the leading rods-men. Of this I cannot speak positively, for tho want of sat isfactory evidence, but that he was a rods- man under the tuition of this counterfeiter after he went to Palmyra has been proven, to my satisfaction, at least. I have before E.aid that Oliver Cowdry's father was in the "Wood scrape.'' He then lived in Wells, afterwards iu Middletown, after that went to Palmyra, and''there we find these men with the counterfeiter, Winchell, searching for money over the hills and mountains wilh the hazel-rod, and their sons Joe and Oliver, as soon as they were old enough, were in the same business, and continued in it until they hioughl out the " vilest scheme that ever cursed the country." It appears from some of the Mormon histo ries, that the Mormon organization first con sisted of the Smith family, Oliver Cowdry and Martin Harris, the name of the counterfeiter, whether it was Winchell or Wingate, does nol appear in any account that I have seen, un- .less he had by this time assumed another ,name, but he had been al Palmyra for some years and went with them from Palmyra to ,Ohio. He was not a man who could endure the gaze of the public, but his work was done in secret ; that he was at Palmyra, acted the part I have indictated, and went off with the Mormons wheu they left Palmyra, has heen fully proven by men who were here du ring the Wood affair, and afterwards removed to Palmyra, and knew him iu both places. What I have now said of tbe Smiths, Cow dry and Winchell, has been obtained from living witnesses, to which I will add a few quotations from authors. Gov. Ford of Illinoia, in hia history of the .Mormons, says of Joe Smith. ' " That his extreme youth was spent in idle, ya,gabond life, roaming in the woods, dream ing of bilried treasures, aud exerting the art ¦of finding them by twisting a forkecT stick in his hands, or by looking through enchanted stones. He and his father before him, were 'what are called "water-witches," always ready to point out the ground where wells might be dug and water found." In a work written by Rev. Dr. Kidder of Illinois, some 20 years ago, whieh is the best expose of Mormonism and the Mormona I have ever aeen, he haa a atatement purport ing to have been signed by 62 credible per sons, residents of Palmyra, N.Y. In that statment, those men eay of the Smiths, that "' tbey were paTticularly famous for visionary projects, spent n>uoh of their time in digging for money, which they, pretended was hidden in the earth ; a-nd lo this day large excava tions may be seen in the earth not far from their then residence, where they used to spend their lime in digging for hidden treasures." In Dr. Kidder's work, the first Mormons are frequently characterized as "money diggers," as though that had been their principal avo cation, as it doubtless was. I have perhapa already occupied more time upou this matter than I should, but I have thought it proper and important too, to give what evidence I have been able to obtain, to, show that the Wood movement here " gave origin to the Mormons." I am fully convinced that the Rev. Mr. Clark has good ground for that opinion. It ia not claimed that any of the Woods -who were here in 1800, or their deaoeudantB ever had anything to do with Mormonism after it waa known to the world as such, but their religion and their ways of deceiving the people by pretended revelations and otherwise, were brought along down by the Smiths, the Cowdrys, aud the counterfeit er. They used the rod, that is, the elder Smith and Cowdry,.and pretended by that to obtain revelations, from the time the Wood affair ex ploded here, and their sons Joe jr. and Oliver, the most successful i-mposters of modern times, commenced their education with the use of the hjizel-rod or forked stick, iu searching for hid den treasures^though afterwards . they used -what they called enchanted stones. I ask no one lo accept my opinion or that of any other person in this matter as the truth, but must say that il is my honest belief thai thia Wood movement here in Middletown waa one source, if not tha main source, from which came this monster — Mormonism. In 1801, there was again put on the records of the town " a roll of the freemen of Middle- town'' viz. Ephraim Wood, John Sunderlin, Daniel Haskins, Sam'l Sunderlin, Jacob Wood, Jon athan Brewater, Benj. Haskins, Jonathan Haynea. Increase Rudd, Edmund Bigelow, ¦EJq., Thomaa Morgan, Jonathan Frisbie, Benj. Coy, Timolhy Smith, Francis Perkins, Samuel Stoddard, Benj, Butler, Nathan Rec- 820 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ord, Jonathau Mehurin, Richard Haskins, Joseph Rockwell, Jesse Hubbard, Gideon Mi ner, WiUiam Frisbie, Azor Perry, Thomas French, Gamaliel Waldo, James Mc Clure, Phineas Clough, Nathan Walton, Silas Mal lary, Nathan Colgrove, James Smith, Ashur Blunt, Luther Filmore, Nathan Ford, Eph. Carr, Rufus Clark, Baruk Rudd, Nathaniel Wood, Nathaniel Wood, jr., Nehemiah Ha zen, Enos Clark, Theophilus Clark, Solomon Rockwell, Orson Brewster, Lewis Minor, Ed ward Corbin, Thomas Davison, Bela Caswell, Stephen Richardson. Joel Frisbie, Reubin Loomis, Joseph Chub, Joseph Bateman, John Burnam, Esq., William Downey, Jona. Davi son, Sam'l Tracy, Jonas Clark, Nathan Col grove, jr., Moses Leach, Dyar Matson, Gid eon Miner, jr., Jos. Spaulding, jr., Caleb White, Russel Barber, Amasa ^ehurin, Abel Hub bard, Ezra Clark, Augustus Frisbie, Johnson Eudd, Eb. Wood, Eb. Bateman, Fitch Loom is, John Burnam, 3d, Mosley Wood, Alexan der Murray, Gideon Buel, Jonathan Griawold, David Griswold, Levi Skinner, Wait Eathbon, Joel Miner, Jacob Burnam, Eoawell Clark, David Tracy, Ansel Shopardson, Jac. Harring ton, Calvin Colgrove, Ambrose Eecord, Sam'l Northrop, Obadiah Williams. The foregoing list does not contain the names of all the males over twenty-one-yeara of age in the town in 1801. Joseph Spaulding, Asa Gardner, Jonas Clark, jr., Zenas Frisbie, Philemon Frisbie, Elisah Clark, George and Eli Oatman, and a few others, were then ii»- habitants of the town, and over twenty-one years of age. There may have been other names omitted, or it may have been a list of those who voted at the election that year ; but it doubtless contains the names of nearly all the freemen then here. Some of the persons, whose names are on that roll, were children of the first settlers, and came here with their fathers, and many others came here soon after the town waa or ganized, and after the first roll, before given, was made and recorded. Among the latter was Joel Frisbie, a brother of William and Jonathan Frisbio, who came here in 1786. He bought out Francis Perkins, the place whore John Lewis now lives, and lived there until he died, about 1811. Joel Friable, aa I have been informed by those who knew him, was a man of good character, good common aenae, and a valuable member of the Congre gational church. He had a family of 6 chil dren. Two aons and a daughter died young. His third son. Palmer, removed to Lysander,' Onondaga Co. New York, about 1820. where he lived until he died, some 4 or 5 years since, aged 78. He left one son and two daughters, and a very good estate. One daughter mar ried Deacon Warren White, and resides in Ly sander. The son and other daughter are un married, and reside on the homeoiead of their father. Barkee, the youngest son of Joel Feisbie studied law with Gen. Jonas Clark ; was ad mitted to the Eutland County bar in 1814, and was in the practice of law here from that time until he died. Barker Frisbie was tot called a brilliant man, but a man of good judgment, good habita, a very laborious stu dent and good lawyer. He was elected town clerk in March, 1815, and held the office until his death in February 1821. Eurus Butts, native of Wells.was, for many years, one of the useful men of the town. At or before he reached his majority he became an inhabitant of Middletown, and was one ot ' the first mechanics here ; although confined lo no particular trade, he was a rare mechan ical genius, made ploughs, ox-yokes, fakes, baskets, tubs, or anything elso the people needed. He removed to Cambridge, Vt., about 1841, and died but a few weeks since, over 80 years of age — his wife also recently died. His son, Harvey, survives him and lives on the homestead in Cambridge. Bela Caswell removed from Mansfield, Mass., to Middletown, in 1786. He was theu nearly 50 years old, and bad 4 sona and 6 daughters, all born in Massachusetts. Three of them preceded him in coming here, the re maining seven came with him. He too brought his family and effects with an ox-team. He settled near where his grandson, Deacon J. Q. Caswell, now lives, where he lived until his death Nov. 22, 1826, aged 89. His family were perhaps the most remarkable for longevity of any family that ever lived in town. His fath er and mother, who came with him from Massachusetts, lived to be very old and died in Middletown, and were among the first laid iu our burial-ground. Bela Caswell's wife and 10 children survived, him : bis widow was nearly 96 years old wheu she died. One of hia daughters, Mrs. Eecord, died uotlong since, at the age of 99 years ;• another, Mrs. Barber, the widow of the late Eussel Barber, died in Middlebury, N. Y., last summer (1866,) aged 93 MIDDLETOWN. 821 years and some months. Two other daughtera lived to be very old, and two are still living : Mrs. Norton, whose age is now 89, and Mrs. Terrill, who is 81 years old. Two of the sona, Josiah aud Ziba, lived to be 70 yeara old. Jesse was 69 when he died, and John died al 46. Of this numerous family, and of their nu merous descendants, none are now living here except three children of John Caswell aud their families, viz. Miss Violetta Caswell, Mrs. Cal vin Leonard aud Deacon John Q. Caswell. Jesse Caswell and his family exerted a marked influence in the Congregational church for many years. He had 3 sous and 2 daugh ters. Menira, his oldest son, was for some years one of the deacons of the church, and a long time clerk. Like all of this family, he was constant in the discharge of hia religioua duties. Whatever might be the alate of re- hgious feeling in the church, he was sure to attend its meetings aud to be ready to perform his part. Deacon Menira Caswell now resides in Castleton. Jesse, the second aon, graduated at Middlebury College. He was a man of fair abilities, and a thorough student. For some years before he was ordained, he aeemed to be under the conviction that it waa his dnty to labor as a missionary among the heathens, and never, it seemed lo me, did any man more unreservedly resign himself to convic tions of duty, and throw his whole soul into the work. He was obliged to undergo trials and privations in hia field in Siam ; where after 10 yeara of laborious service he died, in 1848, at the age of 40 yeara, but his efforts, under JProvidence, were in a good degree suc cessful. Eev. Jesse Caswell was the first and only missionary to foreign lands ever sent out from this Congregational church. Whil'e a missionary at Siam, he instructed the King of that nation in tho English language. The King became much attached to him, aud against the rules of the Siamese, attended the funeral of Mr. Caswell, and wept like a child. He has kept up a correspondence with the ¦widow since her return to this country, and haa sent her valuable presents. Enoch Caswell, the third and youngest son of Jesse Caswell, sr., also graduated at Mid dlebury and entered the miniatry. He died at Bennington, N. H., iu 1863, and was about 45 years old. The years of his minis try were mostly spent in New Hampahire, though he preached in Middletown about 6 montha in the time." His death was edifying as hia life. The two daughters are dead, they both married John Gray, the youngest some years after the death of the oldest : each lett children. Russel Baebee, who married one of Bela Caswell's daughters, was among those who came here soon after the towu was organized. He was among the active and useful men here, but had poor health the latter part of his life which kept him at home. He died in 1830, aged 62. He left a large family ; two .sons and several daughters are now living. Jervis, the oldest son living, was for awhile one of the deacons of the Congregational Church, but has for the last 25 years resided in Granville, N. Y. Eussel the youngest son, resides in Middlebury, N. Y. The oldest daughter living, married Eev. Beriah N. Leach, D. D., and lives in Middletown Ct.; another daughter married Phineaa C. Orcutt, and now resides in Jersey City. MosES Leach, was early here. He settled on the farm owned and, uutil recently, occu pied by John P. Taylor. He was a member of the Baptist church, and noted for his hon esty and sincerity. His wife was also a mem ber of that church, and in her time was per haps the most active and influential of the female members. They have been dead many years. They left several children. Eev. Beriah N. Leach, D. D,, is the only son now living aud residea in Middletown, Ct. He ia a Baptiat clergyman, and- has been in the ministry about 45 yeara, 4 or 5 of which were apent in hia native town, Middletown, Vt. Eeuben Loomis was early here. He came from Connecticut and settled upon the first farm north of the village, now owned and occupied by Royal Coleman, Esq. Sylvanus Stone was the first man who settled there, but he did not remain in town many years. Eeu ben Loomis died Sept. 24, 1808, aged 62. He left a aon. Fitch Loomis, who lived on hia father'a homestead until he died, Jan. 21, 1847, at the age of 74. The daughter married Joseph Spaulding, jr., and was the mother of a large family of children. She haa been dead several years. Filch Loomis left 5 children: Reuben, who has removed West, and Fitch, who died in Middletown in 1863 ; Mrs. Henry Gray, Mrs. Thaddeus TerriU and Mrs. John son, were the daughters. The Loomis family exerted a very healthful influence iu society here, and we can remember them all as peace- 822 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ful, quiet and useful citizens. They were all members of the Congregational church, and that church is perhaps aa much indebted to this family as any other for services, during the last 60 years. Ezekiel Peeey, a brother to Azor Perry, removed here before 1790. He was for a time in Bennington Co., before coming here. He was in the Bennington battle and severely wounded in one of his feet. He raised a family of 11 children, moat of them still living. Mrs. David Thomas was a daughter of his, and died here in 1864 ; Mrs. Roswell Buel, another daughter, still resides here ; the remainder of the family mostly live iu Western New York. Geoege Oatman, was another''early settler of the town. He moved here from Arlington in 1785, but not until after that roll was en tered upon record. He was one of the flrst 4 or 5 settlers of the lown of Arlington, having setUed there soon after 1760. Mr. Oatman settled here upon what has since been known as the " Oatman farm," which was then as nature had left it — a ragged forest. He was an industrious man, of great physical strength, and had been a brave soldier of the Revolu tion. He had sons, Eli, Eliakim and Lyman, and lived to be an old man — he died about 1836. His sona, Eliakim and Lyman, moved West many years ago, and are both dead, leaving famUies. Eli was about 8 years old 'when his father removed from Arlington, and from that time nntil his death resided in Mid dletown. He Was not an aspiring man, but a sensible, well to do farmer, had a, pleasant word and smiling countenance for aU, and always had the entire confidence of the peo ple of the town for his integrity and good judgment. For many years, he almost con stantly held the office of solectman, or over seer, or some other position of trust, aud was one of the founders and ablest supporters of the Methodist Episcopal church, until his death. About 1800, he married Mary Sy- monds, a daughter of Joel and Patience Sy- monds, of Pawlet, they had 11 children. Eli Oatman died May 30,1851, aged 74. His wife died Feb 16, 1861, aged 80. She was a woman remarkable for her intelligence and purity of character, and to her a largo and interesting family are much indebted for those qualities of mind and heart for which they have been diatinguished. The children of Eli and Mary Oatmau, cien, Cyril, Ellen, Mary, Jane and Demir, Ira was a farmer', honest, unaspiring like his father. He removed to Pontiac, Mich. many years ago and died there about 6 years since, leaving 5 children : Gardner, Emily, Abagail, Lucy aad George— all living but .Abagail, and residing in Iowa and vicinity. Orliu, the second sou, was well educated, a fine scholar, and unusually preposessing ia bis personal appearance. He marriedadaugh- ter of a clergyman in Eochester, N. Y, and became a professor in a literary institution at the West — and waa for many years a popular lecturer. In 1859, while passing through Milwaukie, Wis., he was attacked with chol era and died there. His widow now resides in Evanston, IU. He had 4 children, 2 daughters are now living ; Emma, the oldest, married Fred. Vandercook, and resides iu Bennington ; Frances, the youngest, married David Vail, of Wisconsin. Joel, the third son, a physician, beoame eminent in hia profession, as a man of uncom mon energy, business tact and taleat. He commenced the study of medicine iu his na tive town, with Doctor Eliakim Paul ; attend ed two courses of lectures at Castleton, aud one or more at New York, whoro he gradu ated in 1832. Before he had received his di ploma, he conceived the idea of going into practice iu the great Metropolis. His mother fearing her boy, without experience, and pen niless was in no oonditiou to go iuto business in the great city of New York, especially as he had no friends or acquaintances iu that place to lend aid or influence — -besought her husband to dissuade him from the attempt. The father, seemingly unconcerned, replied,, " You needn't worry yourself about Joel, he has got Symonds enough in him to find his way out somewhere." The year 1832, was the year in which the cholera raged ao terri bly in New York and other places in the United Statea. No sooner bad our friend- Joel pocketed hia diploma, than he started for BoUevue Hospital, then used as a cholera hospital in the city, and fearlessly volunteered his services, to the hospital filled with those cases which physcians aud others shunned aa they would death itself The first day Doo- tor Oatman was in the hospital, there were 27 deaths. The Alderman of the Ward was so well pleased with the doctor's resolutioa and skill on the first day, that, on the second. were:-Ira, Orlin, Joel, Calista, Emily. Lu- 1 he appointed him ward physician, and gave MIDDLETOWN. 823 him the right of selecting his associates. This position he held during the prevalence of the cholera iu the city. In 40 days he had saved the sum of |300, and mora than that, he had gained a position in that short space of time from which he could advance, and did rapid ly advance to au extensive and lucrative practice. After he had accumulated a good property by his profession, he gradually re linquished the practice, and devoted his time to the care and management of his funds. He has been, so 'far as we know, more successful in the accumulation of property than any other native of the towu. Fortunate circum stances have undoubtedly aided him to a cou- sideraAle extent, and probably more than some others of oar townsmen, who from poor boys have become wealthy^ men ; but the great secret of his success has been his practical ability. Although uot a mau of extensive reading, yet he is a man of extensive know ledge, which he seems to have by intuition and to gel by observation. He haa received the degree of Doctor of Laws, from one of the best Universities in New York, and it is an honor lo him well earned and well deserved Doctor Oatman ms^rried au estimable lady in New York, iu 1842, who has been ¦ some years dead. He has 4 children ; Mary E., Hydro, Harriet J., and Albert. The dootor and his family still reside in New York, but have spent a portion of the summers in this town for the last 20 years, and until recently upou theold homestead, which has been iu the hands of the family uutil within about a year. Calista, the oldest daughter of Eli Oatman, married Eussel Mallary, and moved to Geneva, Wis., where she still reaides. Her husband is dead. Emily married Augustus Knapp, of Birds- town, 111.; she aud her husband are both dead. Lucien died at Middletown, Mar. 3, 1861, aged 45. CyrU went to Geneva, Wis., wheu quite young; has been merchandizing there for 25 years or more, and successful in his busiuess. He has for many years been a juatice of the peace, and though not a lawyer by profession has been the legal adviser for his community. He has never married, but lives with his ais ter, Mra. MaUary. Ellen married Doctor Nathan Deane, of Georgia, Vt. He died aome years since leav ing one SOB, and ahe residea with ber brother in New York. Mary married Joaeph Bannister, of Middle- town ,who died June 13, 1866, aged 41. Mary alao resided with her brother in New York. Jane married S. Willet, of Pawlet. They are both dead. ' She died in Middletown, of consumption, July 7, 1848, at the age ot 26. Mr. Willet was afterwards struck by lightning and killed, iu a boat, at the Wesl. Demis married Milo Smith, a man living in the West, aud widely and favorably known iu his region. He left his home at the be ginning of the war of 1861, at the unanimous call of bis townsmen, to lead them to death or victory. He was in Sherman's campa-igu, and went and returned Colonel Milo Smith, having repeatedly declined promotion. When the Oatman family came on to the stage, with them we find Merritt and Horace Clark, A. L. Miner, Ovid Miner, and other members of the Miner families, Beriah N. Leach, the Leffingwell and Brewster families, the Bigelow family, the Caswell and Barber families, and many others theu young and vigoroua, and, without flattery or vanity, we inav aay such -an array of youthful talent, vivacity, beauty and character ia not often seen. But where are they now ? A large proportion of thom have given a good ac count of themselves. Many are now living aud occupying prominent positions ; but many have gone to their long homes. Dybe Lefeingwell from Norwich, Ct., was also one of the ea-rly aettlers. He was tha first hatter iu towu, and carried on the busi ness successfully until his death. His ?hop stood where the dwelling-house of Mr. Homer Southwick now stands. Mr. Leffingwell was a valuable man in his lime, not ambitious but industrious, honest asd capable ; atlended Vvell to his own affairs, aud interested him self in the welfare of the town. He was many years constable and collector of taxes, and twice represented t.ie town in the legislature, and was town clerk the year he died, 1821. Middletown lost two town clerks by death that year. Barker Frisbie and Dyer Leffing well. Mr. Leffingwell was twice married. Hia second wife was the widow of Ohel Brewster, and a daughter of John Sunderlin. She sur vived him nearly 30 years. Mr. Leffiiigwell's large family all removed from this town many years ago, except Harvey LeffingweU, who still resides here, aud is now one. of the old men of the town. 824 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Perhaps no family or families have made more of the history of Middletown than the Clark families. After the removal of the Wood families they were for many years the most numerous of any others of the same name in the town. Their ancestors were from England. There were three brothers of the name of Clark who first came lo Massachusetts Colony some time before the year 1700, of which Thomas Clark was one. Thomas had two sons, Theophilus and Thomas, who re moved lo the Connecticut Colony and settled in "Old Canterbury," From Tbeopholus Clark came the Clarks who have lived in Middle- town ; from Thomas came Isaac Clark (old rifle) and the Clark families of Pawlet. Theophilus Clark had 6 sons, viz. Nathan iel, Benjamin, Adam, Theophilus, Jonas and Stephen. Nathaniel had 7 sons and 3 daugh ters. Soon after the town was organized, Asa, Elisha, Eufus, Eoswell and Ezra Clark moved from Canterbury here. Asa did not become a permanent resident but remained 2 or 3 years ; taught school in the winter and worked out in the summer. Asa, Elisha and Rufus were here as early as 1785 or 1786 Eoswell and Ezra came about 2 years after. The four brothers who remained were among tbe solid, substantial men of the town for many years, and assisted in laying the foun dation of society here upon correct, moral and religious principles. They were all members of the Congregational church ; Elisha was some 20 years a deacon ; the next one chosen after Deacon Jonathan Brewster — and Rufus Roswell and Ezra were hardly less efficient and active. Ezra was also a physician, and the first physician who settled in town. He commenced practice Hereabout 1788 and con tinued in practice until 1819, when he removed to the State of Ohio. The Clark brothers were not aspiring men, but remarkable for their energy of character, their stern integrity and earnest piety. Their influence was great in town, and of tha kind created by good exam ple, and a blameless life. Dea. Elisha Claek was one of the first vic tims of the epidemic which prevailed here in 1813. He died at the age of 57. The four sur viving brothers acted as pall-bearers on the occasion of his funeral. Asa Clark died in Tinmouth about the year 1823. Roswell Clark removed to Castleton about the year 1818, and died there Aug. 12, 1825, in hia 63d year. Rufus died in East Poultney about .1337, and I tice Doctor Ezra Clark died in the State of Ohio about 1828. They all had large families- many of them are now holding prominent po sitions in different parts of the country. Dea. Merlin Clark, of iliddlebury, a son of Eoswell Clark, is the only representative now known to me in Vermont from that branch of the Clark family, and he well sustains the charac ter of the race. Jonas Claek, one of the six sons of Theop hilus Clark,- removed from Canterbury to this place in 1790, though some 2 y'bars prior to this time two of his aons, Enos and Theophi lus (twin brothers) had removed here and pre pared the way for their father's family.' Joois Clark had 3 sons, tbe two above name# and Jonas Clark, jr., long known as General Clark. Jonas Clark, sr., was a peaceful, quiet citizeni a member of the Baptist Church, and clerk of the society at its organization in 1790, the same year that he came here. He died Sept. 23, 1813, aged 70. Enos, Theophilus and Jonas Clark, the sons of Jonas Clark sr., were all marked with an unusual energy of character. Theophilus died young and left several children, among whom were Simon and ililton Clark, who re moved from this place many years ago, Enos was a man of vigorous intellect ; he followed the business of a mason, until his death. He died in Middletown, aged 51. Enos Clark left 4 sona. Barton, Culver, Ashley and Orson, and 2 daughters, ilrs. W. W. Cook of White- ball, N. Y., and Mrs. Hall of EUisburgh, N. Y. None of the sons are now living but Ash ley, who, with Miss Fannie Clark, a daugh ter of Barton Clark, and Mrs. Isaac L. Gard ner, a daughter of Culver Clark, are now the only representatives of the Clark family residing iu Middletown. Hon. Orson Clark was born in Middletown, Feb. 2, 1802. Ho acquired most of his education in the schools of his native village, but attended au academy a few terms at Northampton, Mass., and at Castleton, Vt He taught school several sea sons, and commenced teaching at 16 years of age. He studied law with his uncle. General Jonas Clark, and was admitted to the bar at Eutland, at the September term, 1828, and was in the pr-actice of his profession ia Mid dletown until his decease, Sept. 20, 1848. He was a man of good habits, fond of books, a friend to the cauae of education, and a good lawyer. He never had as extensive "¦ prao- his uncle ; which indeed he did not MIDDLETOWN. 825 seek. He represented his native lown in the years 1835 and 1836, was towu clerk from 1836 to '42 inclusive, and was one of the sen ators from Eutland Connty in 1840 aud '41. In May, 1835, he was married to Amelia Brewster, daughter of Ohel and Eunice. (Sun derlin) Brewster, by whom he had two sons , Albert and Warren. Albert is well educated, and now lives in Cincinnati, Ohio. Warren is at present in WhitehaU, N. Y. He was 4 years in the war of 1861 ; he enlis^d as a pri vate in a calvary regiment from Illinois, and was discharged as captain of the same com pany in which he first enlisted. He was at Donnelson, Shiloh, Vicksburg, and other hard fought battles ofthe South and West, and gave a good account of himself. Gen. Jonas Claek, the third son of Jonas Clark, sr., furnishes in himself, perhaps, the most striking example of untiring industry and indomitable perseverance the town ever had. He was 16 years old, when he came with his father to iliddletown. All the ed ucation he ever received at school, was learn ing to read. His father had the misfortune of being poor ; the son learned the mason's trade, which he followed until he was 30 years old, but occupied his evenings and leisure time in getting his education, and used the fire place for a light in the winter, and pine knots in summer. He obtained his legal education while al work at his trade, occupying his evenings and leisure hours in the study of Blackstone and Chitty. He was admitted to the bar some little lime after he waa 30, and soon acquired an extensive practice, which he continued to have uutil be was disabled by the infirmities of age. Genera? Clark held the office of State's Attorney, for Eutland County, 16 years in succession ; was assessor and col lector of government taxes in 1819, in a dis trict composed of 9 towns in Eutland County ; represented the lown of Middletown 18 years . was a justice of the peace 40 years, and as such married 104 couples. He was tbe Dem ocratic candidate for Governor in 1849, — had several limes been the cantlidate of his parly for Congress in this district, and was a mem ber of three constitutional conventions, the last of which was in 1850, when he was unan imously tendered the presidency of the con vention, but could not accept it on account of his age and infirmities. As a lawyer he de servedly held a high rank. Hia early oppor tunities did not allow him to become as learn ed as Williams and Phelps, his cotemporaries, but he was no less successful. What he lack ed in learning, was made up by his industry and unyielding perseverance. The lawyers of his time well knew when they were to meet him in a suit, they were to meet a lawyer who would be sure to have his side of the case pre pared. Judge Williams once said to me, that in his knowledge, he never in a single instance, came to' the trial of his cases unprepared, when preparation was possible. General Clark died al Middletown, Feb. 21, 1854, aged 79. He had 3 sons, Merritt, Hor ace and Charles. Charles died when but a few years old. Hon. Mereitt Claek was born Feb, 11, 1803. He graduated at Middlebury College iu 1823, and entered his father's office as a stu dent al law, where he remained about 2 years. His health failing in that pursuit, and the mer cantile business being a little more congenial to his tastes, he, iu company with his brother Horace, opened a store in Middletown in 1825, and continued in the mercantile business un til 1841, when Merritt was elected cashier of the Bank of Poultney, and removed to tbat town where he has since resided, and since been the cashier of that Bank. They first com menced busiuess here in the building recently purchased and repaired by the Messrs. Grays, but in 1832, built the brick-store, now occu pied by M. E. Vail & Son. They were very successful in their business as merchants in this place. They inherited their father's en ergy and perseverance, and to this tbey added a ceaseless and untiring attention to their business. No item, however insignificant, es caped their attention, not so much for its value in a single instance, as to have a system which should not be deranged by inaccuracies, or any want of proper care and attention. Hon. Merritt Clark represented Middletown in the Legislature 3 years ; was a senator for Eut land County in the State Legislature in the years of 1863 and '64, and represented the towu of Poultney in 1865 and '66. In 1850, he waa the democratic candidate for Congress in this district, and haa once or twice been a candi- didale of the aame party for governor. Mr. Clark haa not for mauy years been an active partisan, yet few men in the State are better versed in publio affairs, especially in mattera connected with finances ; in those matters hia opiniona have great weight. He makes him self very useful in his own lown by his finan- 826 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. cial skill, in assisting the educational institu tions there, and other public interests. Mr. Clark has 2 sons Henry and Edward. Henry haa been the secretary of the Vermont Senate since 1861. He is also the secretary of the Vermont and Rutland County Agricultu ral Societies, and ia now the editor of the " Rutland Herald." Edward is a teller in the Poultney Bank, (1868.) Horace Claek kept his residence in Mid dletown unlil his death, which occurred Feb. 23, 1852, at the age of 47, although hia busi ness for some years prior lo Ida decease had been mostly out of this town. Some 4 years prior lo his decease he had been engaged in building the Rutland and Washington Rail road from Eagle Bridge, N. Y., lo Eutland, Vl. This was his favorite enterprise, but it was his last. Feb. 23, 1848, at the organiza tion of the company, he was elected its super intendent, aud one of the directors. In 4 years the road was completed, and Horace Clark was dead. The amount of toil and la bor performed by him in that 4 years was great, and it may be questioned whether there was another man in Vermont equal to the task. That other public worka of equal and greater magnitude have been constructed even in less time, we shall not deny. But this was a project which encountered a strong opposi tion, and its ultimate success seemed to be doubted by a large majority of the people, and among them many who, from necessity, had to be relied ou for pecuniary assistance. Of the men of means, talent and enterprise, Hor ace Clark, for awhile stood almost alone, but with " an unfaltering purpose" and a, " reso lution which waa invincible," he succeeded, and the road was built. Horace Clark left 2 sons, Charles and Jonas. They are now in active business ; Charles, in the marble business in Rutland, Jonas as a merchant in New York. Perhaps the most prosperous period in the existence of Middletown was between the years 1800 aud 1811. The population had in creased from 1066 in 1800, to 1207 in the cen sus of 1810. This was the largest population the town ever had, and unquestiouably it had at that time a larger population than any other town in tho County in proportion lo its amount of territory, and il also at that time had larger business interests in proportion to its size than any other town iu the Coun. ty. Poultney river rises in Tinmouth and runs a westerly course through the center of the town from east to west, furnishing excel lent mill-privileges. The Miners were loca ted on this stream, in the eaat part of tha town, and John Burnam on the west part; and in the village there were on this stream, and the small stream running down from the hUls at the north part of the town, and run- ing into the river at the village, two tanner ies, clothiers works and carding machine, dia tillery and other machinery, and all in active operation — and all conducted by competent buainess men. Burnam, as we have before aeen, had a very extensive business for those limes, and so had the Miners. There were in the town at the time (1810), 4 grist-mills, 3 saw-mills, 2 or 3 forges, 2 distilleries, 2 or 3 clothiers' eatablishments, besides other mills before named, and all were apparently doing business to their utmost capacity. In the vil lage were several mechanics' shops, 2 taverns, 2 stores, one kept by a Scotchman by the name of William Semple ; the other by James Ives ; all was alive with the hum of business. The lown had become a central place for this part of Eutland County. Many of the people from the adjoining towns of Poultney, Ira, Tinmouth and Wells, came here for their me chanical work, to the mills, and for other busi ness purposes. But this then .active, thriving little place received a check by the freshet which occurred in July, 1811, from which it never fully recovered. Its numerous mills and machinery, with the exception of what bave since beeu known as Gray's Mills, then owned by Moses Copeland, were all swept away. Burnam's mills in the west part of the town, as before mentioned consisting of a grist and saw-mill, (he bad at this time two grist mills) an oil-mill, foundery, forge, cloth iers' works and carding-machine, distillery, some mechanics' shops and other buildings at tached, were all carried away, with several hundred bushels of grain, a quantity of lum ber, and much other property. The stream rose so suddenly that but little was saved. Miner's mill, in the east part of the town had ^ just been undergoing thorough repairs under the superintendence of Henry Gray, who was then a young man and had just completed his first job of work in lown at his trade of mill wright. Mr. Gray lost all he had, which con sisted of his chest of tools, and his clothing except what he had on. Orson Brewster had a tannery, and his brother Jonathan a cloth- MIDDLETOWN. 827 iera' establishment, located near where A. W. Gray & Sons' horse power-manufactory now etamda, which shared the aame fate. A few rods above the bridge, in the east part of the 'village, waa a distillery owned by James Ives, and above that a tannery. The hides in this tannery were iu great part saved, and the dis tillery building was uot carried away, but the hogs in the yard, to the number of one hun dred or more, went down the stream, and were scattered along from Middletown lo Poultney, ¦wherever they happened to be driven ashore ; some came out alive, but most of them were drowned. Two dweUing houses — 'One called the Corbin house, the other the Eldridge house^in the east part of the village, and on opposite sides of the stream runuing down from the north part of the town, were also car- ¦ ried away ; and besides this destruction of mills, machinery, dwelling houses and other property, great injury was done to the lauds on those streams. Some of the meadow lands were cut up and washed away, stone, gravel and sand were carried on lo others. The day on which thia freahet occured, opened bright and clear ; but about 9 o'clock A. M., a black cloud was seen rapidly rising in the west, accompanied with thunder, and the rain soon fell in torrents, aud so continued to fall nntil the latter part of the day. It seemed, aa I have been told, like a succession of thunder showers following each other with out intermission, and what may perhaps be considered as remarkable, the heavy rain was confined to the town of Middletown and the west part of Tinmouth. Damage was done in Poultney. Poultney river runs through that town, and was swollen by the fall of water in Middletown and Tinmouth but the fall of water in Poultney, as I have been informed. Was not great. The great event of that day was the rescue of 14 peraons from the " Corbin House" just before it was carried off by the rising flood. This house then stood near where M. E. Vail's store-house now stands, which is near the bridge and on the west side of the little stream ¦ which runs down from the north part of the town. Thia house waS at the time occupied by Elihu Corbin and hia family, consisting of his wife aud children, and his mother, then about 70 years old. She was the mother of Mrs. Babcock, who recently died here over 80 years old. Besides that family, Israel, son of Eussel Barber, and several children from the Haskins family, who lived on the hill north of Mr. Lucius Copaland's had left the school aud gone in there to get shelter from the rain. The inmates of this houae were not aware of their danger until it waa upon them, neither were the inhabitants of the village. Besides those who resided iu the village, there were many there from without, and all seemed un conscious of approaching danger. The water rose rapidly, especially in this stream ou which were tbe Corbin and Eldridge houses. .The first thing which seemed to attract the at tention of the inhabitants and cause alarm was the going off of the Eldridge house, which was situated ou the east side of this stream aud nearly opposite the Corbin house, and nearly north aud on the opposite side of the road from where the vUlage school-house now stands. Elihu Corbin was in the village and called the attention of the people to the danger his fam ily were in, when they found his house al ready surrounded by water, and the appear ances indicating that this house must soon share the same fate of the Eldridge house. • The bed of the stream was about where il now is ; but the water had so risen in a short space of time that there was a strong current on tha west side of the house of about 70 feet wide and between the house and the village, and had become so deep and rapid that fording it was impossible. The people in the village on being warned of the danger, immediately rallied upon the western shore of this current of water, and at first seemed to look upon the scene before them iu despair. This little stream which ri ses among the billsand mountains in the north part of the town, and is ordinarly so small that fording it even is unnecessary to cross it, being a mere step in many places sufficient, had suddenly swollen lo the dimensions of a large river, and the descent was such, in coming down from the hills, tbat the current in this place was exceedingly rapid and furious, and aa if lo render the acene still more grand aud terrific, there was added the roar of the watera and the dull heavy sounds of rocks aud stones striking each other as they were moved along by the resistless current. There was 70 feet of water between them and the houae, with a current no man could withstand a moment, and the house wa# being rapidly undermined, and already trembling from the action of the water. Fourteen persons were in it who must in a few minutes be taken from there or per- 828 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ish in the mad watera. Joseph Fox was at that lime engaged with othera at the tannery, aome rods above, in removing hides to a place of safety, when a messenger came lo him and stated the condition of things at the Corbin house, and told him his presence was desired there at once. He went immediately, and, as he has himself said, suggested getting the lib erty-pole which was then kept in the shed near the Congregational meeting-house, and the bell rope from the Baptist, njeeting-house. Tbey were brought as soon as fleet men could do it. One end of the liberty-pole was made fast on the shore, and tbe other end thrown up stream, and made to swing around with the current so as to lodge upon some stone and gravel which had been washed up near the door on the west side of the house ; but this did nol leave the pole clear from the water ; it dashed over it almost the whole length, or that part of it which was over the water ; but that was the best they could do ; the rescue of those persons in the house must be effected by cros.sing on that pole or nol at all. One end of the bell- rope was securely fastened around the body of Mr. Fox, and the other placed in the hands of trusty men, and Fox, undertook the perilous adventure of crossing on the pole to the house. The men holding one end of the rope had directions that if he should fall from the pole, or be awept from it by the water to draw him ashore. He could not walk on it, as possibly he might if it had been entirely above the water, but undertook and succeeded in getting over as he would climb a standing pole. ilr. Fox was under water a portion of the time while crossing, and was very much exhausted ; the blood started freely from his mouth and nose, but he opened the door of the house, and raised his end ofthe liberty-pole and put it in the doorway, and that raised the pole out of the water. He then took the end of the rope which had been fastened to his body and fist- enod it to the house at a convenient height above the pole to hold on to while walking on it ; the other end of the rope was made fast at a corre'jponding height on the shore ; At the same time the men on shore had procured somo sticks of timber, and those they and Fox- together managed to get along side of the pole and fasteueil to it. All this *as accomplished with Iho utmost haste, but it formed a bridge over which those endangered persons were all taken off and saved. In fifteen minutes after the last person reached the shore, the house was swept away by the flood. A question has arisen, and some dispute as to whether Joseph Fox brought off those per sons from the house. That question, it seema to me, is comparatively of small importance. The great feat of that occasion was the first crossing on that pole submerged as it was in a furious current of water, and nothing could have beeu effected without it. This was done by Joseph Fox if witnesses, both dead and living, can be relied on ; and it has often been said to me that no other man on the ground, even with the courage lo have undertaken it, had the physical ability to accomplish it. Mr. Fox was then a young man ; had been brought up a sailor in one of the Seaport towns of Con necticut ; had great physical strength for a man of his size, and was agile as a cat. There were other men there, all were doing all they could do. Among the active men present were Russel Barber, Jonas Clark, Jonathan Morgan, Charles Stoddard aud Simon Clark. After Mr. Fox had crossed and the pole had been raised, the rope fastened lo the house, in the manner above given, to hold on to while walking, and the sticks of timber placed along side the pole and fastened to it, others crossed over and assisted in getting off the inmates of the house. The children were carried ; the adults walked across, as they were led or guided by Fox ahd others. " Old Mother Corbin," at her own request, was the last to leave tbe house. Mr. Fox said, when he first entered the house, he fouud her quietly smok ing her pipe, apparently unconcerned, aud while she seemed rejoiced at the prospect of saving the others, seemed to have little or no anxiety for herself, ilr. Fox lived to be an old man, and died in Middletown about 2 yoars since. May he long be remembered, for his heroic and daring conduct on this occasion ; but for him those fourteen persons probably would have then perished. A man by the name of Orrin Cleaveland, about the time they started for the liberty pole and bell rope, started with some othera and went some rods above and found a tree which had been uprooted and fallen across the stream. Cleaveland thinking that possibly the Corbin House might be reached from the other side, undertook lo croaa on this tree, but was carried down the stream and drowned. Dea. Menira Caswell, of Caatleton, has put into my possession two letters which he haa MIDDLETOWN. 829 recently received from two of the old inhabit auts on the subject of that fiood. One is from Dea. Jervis Barber. He writes : " I ara requested to give the facts and inci dents which came under my observation in the flood in Middletown in 1811. I was then 7 years old, my brother Israel was a year and a half older. The day on which the fresh et occurred we went to school in a large two- story house, then owned by William Semple, which stood directly opposite the school-house east of the viUage, aud on the bank of the stream — it was called the Eldridge house. The teacher, fearing danger, dismissed the school a little before noon. About 3 o'clock in the afternoon this Eldridge house was swept away by the rising flood ; myself, brother Israel, Harley and Ezra Haskins, two other school children stood in the road in front of it at the time. We then went down the road towards the bridge and observed Corbin's children, who seemed to be enjoying the scene very much. It was proposed by some one of our number lo take shelter in the Corbin house, and with them enjoy the scene. We all made for the house, and my brother and the two Haskins boys went through the water, which was already running west of the house, but my legs were not long enough to ford il, and I backed out. Soon after that I called to my brother to leave the house, as the water was rising fast. He made the attempt but it was too late — he was obliged lo turn back with fear and alarm depicted on his countenance. At this point my own observation ceased, though I could but observe that the little plot of ground around the house, not covered with water, was rapidly growing smaller and small er until it was entirely lost lo my view, and no longer wishing to look upon the raging ele ment which I believed would soon sweep in to eternity my brother and those with him, I went into the hou.se of a Mr. Fuller, which then was standing about where widow Bur nam's house now is, for shelter and sympathy. Mr. Fuller was in the village, and while going there those iu the house made signs to him of distress, but he did not heed them. The last time I saw Mr. Foi he told me all about the rescue of those persons in the Cor bin house ; that he was in the tannery above assisting in saving some hides when word came to him that Corbin's family would soon be swept away unless rescued ; that he immedi ately hastened to the spot^ — -found a multitude collected on the bank of the stream — but noth ing doing towards their rescue, and in fact all were agreed that nothing could be done ; but when the liberty pole was suggested it was brought to the spot at once." Deacon Barber writes that Mr. Fox told hirn that, " when about half way across the pole the body of Mr. Cleaveland, who had fal len into the stream above, came floating down and struck him and turned him from the up per side of the pole ; that the mau hold of the rope seeing the body floating down supposed it was Fox and drew him ashore ; that he (Fox), as soon as he could get breath sprang again for the pole ; the men held him for a moment, telling him ifwas impossible to cross, but he released himself from them sprang to the pole, and the next lime suceeeded in gel- ting over." The other letter is from Mrs. PriacUla (Bar ber) Leach, sister of Deacon Jervis Barber. She says: " The ' flood', as it was called, oc curred on the 22d of July, as I had occasion to know from a minute made with chalk on the walls of the room by my father the next morning." "The family of Elihu Corbin consisting of his aged mother, his wife were iu the house, and children, and my oldest brother Israel aud other school children were there, in all to the number of fourteen. There seemed no help for them, and men withdrew from the scene, so as not to witness the final catastrophe. My father could see Israel on a high door-step, and supposed that Jervis was also there. Mr. Corbin was restrained by force from plunging into the stream. By whom the liberty-pole was suggested as a means of relief I cannot say, but it was brought and thrown across the stream, when Joseph Fox, with ropes about his person, one end of which were in strong hands, thus periled his life in a successful effort to reach the other side. He secured the end of the pole, when others walked over lo the rescue, foremost among whom were my father, who, catching up brother Is rael placed him on the shoulders of Mr. Fox, who bore him safely over. He, Israel play fully said, "rode over the river ona Fox," Some remained in the house to prepare the women and children for their perilous voyage, while others were making the voyage, with a child clinging to their necks, others assisted the women to walk the slippery pole, " Gran ny Corbin," as she was familiary called re mained until the last, having taken refuge in the comforting belief " that if she was to ba saved, she would be saved." She was taken from the house and put upon the pole, a man supporting her ou either side, and guiding her steps she got safely over." ¦There were other exciting scenes iu town on that day. The tannery belonging to Dea con Orson Brewster, was also surrounded by water. There were eome 6 or 8 persons there aud before they were aware of il a current of water 30 or 40 feet wide was running on the north side of the tannery, which, with tha main stream, completely shut them in. They soou by signals called men to their assistance, who were enabled to get across the current a long stick of timber which, almost at the same moment, had floated down stream to them. A man by the name of Farmer, who was in the tannery, was the first man to attempt the crossing on the timber The stick not being securely placed turned and let him into the water. He was carried down the stream, but 830 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. was rescued before serious injury was done to him. The others in the tannery all came safe ly off. The disastrous effects of this flood were se verely felt in Middletown for many years, and indeed the town, as a place of business, never fully recovered from it John Burnam, who had been the leailing business man ofthe lown, was becoming an old man, and felt disinclined to undergo the necessary labor and care which would be required to start anew in so exten sive a business as be had done. He however rebuilt his forge and saw-mill, which were in operation some years after that, but without the activity which his former mills had shown. Miner's mills were rebuilt, but never mani fested the same activity afterwards. A good many men were thrown out of em ployment, and were obliged to seek it else where. Al the census of 1820, tbe popula tion of the town was but 1039, a falling off of 168 from 1810, owing " in a great measure, if not entirely to the sad effects of the freshet in 1811. Yet, notwithstanding the great des- cruction of property, Middletown continued to be an active, lively little place for many years afterwards. For 2 or 3 years following 1811, it was very sickly here, more so probably than has ever been known here before or since. An epidem ic which in that lime prevailed in many parts of the State carried to the grave many of the best citizens of the town. Aside from that time there has not at one time, to my knowl edge or information, been any unusual amount ,of sickness. It has been said to me by the " old folks" that " politics ran high here during the war of 1812." Very likely; politics, always did "run high" in Middletown, when they ran at all. Every town, as well as every indi vidual, has a character of its own. It is a kind of individuality, and belongs to towns as much as to individuals. One trait in the cliaracter of Middletown manifests itself wher ever anything like a controversy occurs, whether in politics or anything else — they fight it out in earnest — they make no child's play of it, but each party enters the contest with a spirit that shows determination to win. As we say sometimes of children who inherit the traits of character of thoir ancestors," they came honestly by it" The early settlers of thia town, who founded the iuatitutiona here were as pure a set of men as ever lived in New England, but were unusually energetic, and determined. They are long since iu their graves, but " their works do follow them.'' This may also be said of the people of Mid dletown :_ whenever they undertake to do any thing, they do it thoroughly. The alacrity wilh which tbey concentrate their efforts upon any public enterprise has long since be come proverbiaL If a public meeting is had, il is not only fully attended, but conducted with that order, decorum, and efficiency sel dom equaled, even in the large towns of the ' Stale. ecclesiastical. The first church organized in town was the Congregational. The exact date of its organ ization I am unable to give, but on the cover of the first book of records I find the date of May, 1782, and I fouud the date of the organ ization given as 1782 in a religious miscellany published about 1840. It is probable that the church was formed in that year. The first record which I find bears date May 26, 1783. There was a meeting of the church at that date at which Gideon iliner was chosen moderator, and Joseph Spaulding clerk. The first record is dated at Wells, and it was known as the Congregational church of Wells until the organization of iliddletown in the Fall of 1784. It may now be impossible to give the names of the first members of the church, but I have become satisfied that the following were among them, and I give the names iu the order in which they appear on the record. William Frisbie, Stephen Wood, Joseph Spaulding, Gideon Miner, Timothy Hubbard, Jonathan Brewster, Abel White, Increase Eudd, WUliam Frisbie, jr., Elisha Gilbert, Jonathan ilehurin, Eichard Haskins, Nathan Eecord, Reuben Searl, Thomas French and Benjamin Haskins. There were probably about the same number of females as males, but it is more difficult to designate them. The first meeting house was a log house, It was erected uear the south east corner of the burial-ground ; when it was built I cannot say, but itwas there in the fall of 1784. The meeting which organized the town, Nov. 17, 1784, was held in that house. Whether it was built by the Congregationalists alone, or by tbem and the Baptists combined, I cannot say, but they probably united in building it. Jonathan Brewster was tbe leading man in forming the church, and the leading man in it for more than 20 years afterwards. There MIDDLETOWN. 831 were others in the church of equal ability, but he was most remarkable for taking a deep interest iu the affairs of the church, and de voting lo it much of his lime. He waa the first deacon of the church. For 21 or 22years after the church was formed, it was without a pastor. During^ this time Dea. Brewster watched over it as he would a child of his own ; and it is worthy of remark, during this time the church gradually gained in members and strength. Meetings were held regularly, as the records show, and well atlended. Their communion services were probably as regu larly attended too as they have since ever been in that church. Bev. Ithamar Hibbard usually administered on those occasions. He was the first settled minister over the congre gational church of Poultney, aud it has beeu said was almost as Inuch attached to this Con gregational church as to his own. He had two sisters in this church — the wives of Wil liam and Joel Frisbie. Not long after the church was organized there were others united wilh it, whom we might almost class with the pioneers — among whom were Elisha and Rufus Clark. Elisha Clark was early made a deacon, and was a faithful, efficient member, as were all the Clark brothers of that family. The early members of the Congregational «harch, as well as of the Baptiat church, were men of the puritan stamp — firm, and unyield ing in their principles and doctrines, prompt, and constant in their attention to religious dutiea, and the ordinancea. They adhered strictly to their rules of discipline. If any member of the Congregational church was ab sent from the communion service. Deacon Brewster would start on Monday morning and learn the cause of it ; but at the same time there was that interest in the welfare of each other, that care and watchfillness and brotherly affection, that we would do well to imitate. A little later we find Lewis Lampson, Joel and Gideon Miner, jr., added to the church ; ;also Orson Brewster, Fitch Loomis, Joseph Spaulding, jr., Joseph Brown, Jesse and Ziba Caswell, and many others. Quite early the Congregational society was formed, but I have been unable to find the early records and cannot give the date. In 1796 a meeting-house was buUt upon the "green " aome 100 feet soulh of where the Congregational houae nowrstands. The Con gregational society had previously purchased an acre of ground for a meeting-house lot ; which included what is now known as '¦ the green,'' and which they now have the title to, deeded by Deacon Elisha Clark. Up to this time (1796) meetings had been held in the log-raeetiug-house, and in private dwellings. I should judge from the records it was with a good deal of effort the people succeed ed in building their first house of worship after the log-house. The Congregationalists and Baptists united in building it, and they were some 2 years about il after it was com menced, and four or five years after it was seriously contemplated. I have before me a report of the Congrega tional society's committee on the subject of building made Nov. 10, 1794. " The house shall be furnished to the turn of the key by the first of October, 1796, in tha following manner. The lower part shall con sist of twenty six pews and four body seats in front of tbe aquare. In the galleries there shall be a row of pews adjoining the walls of the house, and the rest of the space suitably taken up with seats ; also a pulpit aud cano py shall be erected, and turned pillars under the galleries, which shall be painted blue, to gether with the canopy and breast work in front of the galleries. The outside of the house shall be glazed and painted, and stone stepj shall be erected by the first of October, 1795. The body of the house shall be painted white and the roof red ; and painted equal lo Graham's old house, in Rutland, and the join er work shall be equal to that of the west parish meeting house, in Rutland aforesaid." This report was signed by Bela Caswell, ' Luther Filmore and JoelMiner, (a commitee to devise plans) aud adopted by the society in the form of resolutions. The above plan was adopted in the construction of the house,. There was once a fund belonging to the Congregational society, created by the mem bers themselvej, got up through the influence of Joel Miner and others as a stock concern, divided into shares of $ 25 each, and the mem bers took as many shares as they chose and paid in the money or gave their notes. This .fund was raised in this vf ay soon after 1800, and amounted to about $ 5,000 ; but from aome cause this fund was entirely ex- .hausted soon after 1830. Jan. 26, 1804, Orson Brewster and Gideon Miner, jr., were elected deacons and tbe church voted " lo choose a committee of three to make proposals to Rev. Henry Bigelow for settlement." May 31, 1805, we find the ¦following record : 832 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. '' After hearing the christian experience of Henry Bigalow, a candidate for the ministry, the church voted satisfied, and passed the fol lowing resolution ; Resolved, that the church entertain a high sense of the abilities of Hen ry Bigelow, a candidate for the ministry from the town of Colchester, Connecticut, now re siding in this lown, as a preacher of the gos pel, aud we are desirous to unite with the so ciety to call him to settle with this church." To carry this into effect the church, on their part, appointed Deacons Jonathan Brewster and Elisha Clark, Joseph Spaulding and Joel Frisbie, a commitee to unite with a committee from the society in presenting ilr. Bigelow a call to become their pastor. The call waa presented and accepted, and Mr. Bigelow was ordained Sept. 5, 1805, and be came the first settled minister over the Con gregational church in Middletown, and re mained pastor until hia death, June 25, 1832. Hia miniatry in the main was, in our opinion, successful. He was a graduate of Yale Col lege, orthodox, an eloquent speaker, and man of great power in the pulpit. He had his faults as well as the rest of us and was some times accused of levity. He was very social in his disposition, a ready wit, and would aometimes descend to that kind of joking.cou- versation which perhaps did uot well become a minister of the gospel. But in the j^ulpit, or in any religious meeting never appeared otherwise than as an earnest, Chriatian mau. It was said of him " that when he was in the pulpit, it seemed as though he never ought to come out, and when he was out as though he never ought to go in.'' During his ministry there were several in teresting revivals among tbem, one in 1831 which was peculiarly interesting. His health began to fail as early as the spring or early summer of 1831. He seemed conacioua a dis ease was fastening itself upon him which 'would soou terminate his existence, and as appeared to me, summoned all his energies for a final effort iu the cause of his Master. His usual habit of jesting was abandoned, and in the place of it he occupied his time in sober reflection and godly conversation. His sermons duriug that summer were unusually effective, and he was probably the instrument of awakening an extraordinary religious in terest in this church. On the first Sabbath of September, 1831, he received to the charch, 23 and on the first Sabbath of November 19. Aftor his death, an obituary appeared iu the papers, by the Rev. Stephen Martindale, then of Tinmouth, his long aud intimate friend, aa follows : " At Middletown, Vt, Rev. Henet Bige low, in the fifty-fifth year of his age, the thir tieth of his ministry. Henry Bigelow was born of reputable parents in Marlboro, Ct. Feb'y 20th, 1777. He graduated at Yale Col lege in 1802. Studied for the ministry with Rev. Charles Backus, D. D., and was ordained over the congregational church in Middle- town in 1805. In his death his widow and numerous family have lost a kind, affection ate faithful and endeared husband and fath er, society, a plain, argumentative, powerful and persuasive herald of the gospel ; the church a pastor indeed ; clear, pungent and eloquent in his pulpit services : always alive in the defence of the faith once delivered to the saints. The cross was his hope in life, his support through a protracted and often severe illness, and his unutterable consolation in death. In view of hia death-bed scene it may be said," ' precious" in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints.'" The church, during the ministry of Mr. Bigelow, embracing a period of about 28 years, waa much larger than it now ia. It contained a goodly number of membera, noted for their wisdom, piety and devotion, aud was in the main prosperous. Some little time after the death of Mr. Bigelow- a Rev. Mr. Stone preached here about 6 months, but the church did not choose to settle him. Rev. Guy C. Sampson preached here about 2 years, commencing some time in 1833. Mr. Sampson is still living, but for some years has not been in the ministry. Oct. 30, 1833, Menira Caswell, Jervis Bar ber and Eeuben Loomis were elected deacons of the church. Deacon Miner had removed to Ohio, and Deacon Brewster was about to remove to Northampton, Mass. He removed n the Spring of 1S35. Eev. John A. .^.very came to this place in the Spring of 1836, and was settled over this church. He was dismissed, and left here iu tbe Fall of 1841, and went to Onondaga, N. Y., and has lived there and at Syracuse since. Mr. Avery was au earnest, good pas tor, aud has beeu affectionately remembered by many members of this church. He haa been dead about 2 years. Eev. B. Eeynolds came here in September, 1842, and preached here uutil May, 1844. Eev. Mr. Payne came here in December 1846 and preached here about oue year. Rev. Johu H. Beckwith was aettled in the Fall of 1848, and dismissed iu the Fall of MIDDLETOWN. 833 1855. He was the pastor longer than any one except Mr. Bigelow. Daring his minis try the Congregational meeting house was re moved to where it now stands, and repaired. Eev. Enoch Caswell, a native of the lown, preached to this church about 6 montha in 1856, after which he returned to New Hamp shire where he had hitherto labored. Eev. Calvin Granger came here the Fall of 1858, aud was installed over this church. He was dismissed by an ecclesiastical council April, 1864, aud is now the pastor of the Con gregational church in Hubbardton. It was during Mr. Granger's ministry that an ad dition of 16 feet in front was made to the meeting house, with the spire, and a fine bell procured. Eev. M. Martin preached here about a year, commencing in September, 1865. Rev. G. Myrick present pastor, came here the Fall of 1866. Deacons Caswell, Barber and Loomis some years subsequent lo their election, removed from here. Julius Spaulding was elected lo fill the vacancy occasioned by the removal of Deacon Caswell. Deacon Spaulding after wards removed to Poultney. Thaddeus Ter rill held the office of deacon in the church for ¦several years. He now resides near Roches ter, N. Y., The present deacons of the church are Asahel Spaulding, Johu Q. Caswell and Dyer LeffingweU. (1867,) Church Clerks, — Joseph Spaulding, Thom aa French, William Frisbie, jr., Joseph Rock well, Gideon Miner, jr., Jesse Caswell, F. Kel logg, Mosea King, Menira Caswell. Harvey LeffingweU and Jay B. Norton, present clerk. Present number of members 46. the baptist CHUECH in Middletown was organized in 1784. It is one of the oldest of the order iu the State, if not the oldest. From about 1790 until 1802 it waa a large church, and embraced in its communion members residing in the towns of Wells, Poultney, Tinmouth and Ira, In 1802, residents of Poultney, 34 or 35 by vote of the church, withdrew, and formed a church in that town. There were also a good many members residents of Tinmouth up to a later date than 1802.. The first meeting of the church, of which we have any record, Caleb Smith was elected moderator, and Thomas Mc Clure, clerk. Caleb Smith appears to have been the leading man from its organization until hb death, Nov. 10, 1808. He usually acted as moderator in the absence of the min ister, aud was the first deacon. I should judge from the records, he held a position sim ilar to that of Deacon Jonathan Brewster iu the Congregational church. He was not a noisy man, but undoubtedly an efficient work er in laying the foundations of the institu tions in the aettlement. Among the first members of this church were Caleb Smith, Thomas McClure, John Sunderlin, Gamaliel Waldo, Hezekiah Mal lary, Zaccheus MaUary, Nathaniel Mallary, Daniel Ford, Asher Blunt, David Wood, Eph raim Foster, Josiah Johnson, Nathan Wal ton and Jonathan Haynes. Jonathan Haynes was quite early elected a deacon, but did uot accept the office for the reason, probably, of his physical infirmities, occasioned by a terrible wound which he re ceived in Bennington iu 1777. Yet he was a useful man in the church while he lived, held many important positions, and was re garded as a sincere, ardent and devoted Chris tian. Daniel Ford a good Christian mau, the fa ther of Nathan Ford, and the grandfather of Joel Ford, was elected deacon to supply the place that tbe church intended to have filled with Mr. Haynes. Gamaliel Waldo one of those decided, stern,* resolute men, who was not lo be moved by any outside influences, was another efficient member. And this, to a great extent, was, the character of nearly all the early members of both this and the Congregational denomi nation. Both churches were formed al a time and under circumstances that we should hardly suppose would have admitted of pros perity ; but they at once sprung into life and activity, and perhaps they were as successful the first year of their existence as they have ever since been in the same period of time. The Baptist church was without a minister until 1790^during which time Rev. Hezekiah Eastman seems lo have administered at com munion seasons, and performed the rite of baptism. Where Mr. Eastman lived I have been unable to learn. Aug. 6, 1790, the Baptist church voted to give a call to Bev. Sylvanus Haynes, of Princetown, Mass., to become their pastor. The B.aptist society which was formed in 1790, joined the church in the call. Mr. Haynes accepted the call by this communica tion to the charch. 834 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. " To THE Baptist Church of Middletown. Dear Brethren — ilatters have been so ar ranged in the Kingdom of God's Providence, that we hel5 an interview together a little more than a year ago, at which time I re ceived an invitation by Deacon Smith, who was then a part of the standing committee of the church to provide preaching, to come and jiieaeh with them a certain time. Some time after I returned home I received a letter from Deacon Smith signifying that the church fully concurred with him in inviting me to come. Accordingly I set out, and on the 24th of March last, I arrived safe at this place ; and after preaching five months here I have re ceived an invitation to take the pastoral charge of this church and society. Trie invi tation on the part of the church was signed by Deacon Smith, on the part of the society by Jonas Clark. In the first place I would present my most hearty thanks to the church and society for the kind respect with which they have treat&l me, and I acknowledge with much gratitude the kind treatment I have received Irom the Congregational church and society. In answering the church and societr, I shall give some of the considerations which have influenced me in accepting your call. SvLVANUs Haynes. Mr. Haynes waa ordained Aug 26, 1790, and reqiained the pastor 27 years. The Bap tist society bought a piece of land for him of Captain Joseph Spaulding, the same now Tiwned by Reuben Mehurin, and Mr. Haynes commenced living on it in a log-house. Be aides attending to his pastoral duties, be did a good deal of work on his land. During the ministry of ilr. Haynes iu this place the Baptist church and society vi'ere prosperous. Mr. Haynes left this town in 1817, and went to western New York. He left before my recollection, but from all I have heard of him from the old people, of both his own and other denominations, I should judge he was a faithful minister ; suc cessful in his labors here, and we moreover find he was tho author of several religious worka, whicii at the time gave him a good reputation as a writer iu his denomination. He preachi«l the election sermon before the legislature of Vermont in Oct, ISOl', which sermon was printed by a vote of the legisla ture. To Mr. Haynes belongs tho honor of be ing not only the first -settled minister of the Baptist chui'ch here but the first minister set tled in Middletown. He preached in the log-meoting-house and at private houses, un til, what has since beeu known as the Con gregational house was completed in 1796, when he preached in that until the Baptist house was built in 1806. After Mr. Haynes left Rev. Seth EweUB supplied'the church about 2 years. Eev. Isaac Bucklin was settled over the Baptist church in 1821, and was the pastor until 1823, when he removed from here. Rev. ilr. Fuller, Rev Linus J. Eeynolds and Eev: G. B. Day each preached here be tween 1828 and 1832. The Eev. Mr. Day waa ordained here. He was a very zealous man, and was here during the revival in 1831. 'There were 36 person'; in one day in Sept. 1831, baptized and received into the church. Rev. Mr. SouUard preached next in this church. He was here about 3 years, and went to Pawlet sometime in 1837, where he now resides. He has since given his atten tion mostly to farming. Pv.ev. ilr. Haskell, formerly connected with the Literary and Theological Institution of New York, foUowed ilr. SouUard, but only preached here about 6 months. Rev. E. B. Bullard was the next minister here. He came in 1S39 and remained about 2 years. He was a brother of George W. Bullard, wjio more recently resided here. He was well educated, and a very devoted man. After leaving here he went to Burraah as a missionary, and died there. Kev. Robert ilyers preached here about four years, commencing some time in 1841. Soon after leaving this town he became a lawyer, but is now again in the ministry. Rev. R. 0. Dwyer came here about 1846, and preached about 3 yeara. Mr. Dwyer was a well-meaning man, and doubtlessMe- signed lo disdiarge his duty faithfully as a minister of the gospel. He removed to a place near Saratoga, N. Y.; became a chap lain in one of tbe New York regiments in the war of 1861, and died iu the aervice of hia country. His only son was a soldier in the same regiment, and was killed in battle about the time of his father's death. Rev. M. J. Smith preached here in 1849 and '50. While Mr. Smith was here the Baptist society thoroughly repaired their houso of worship, ilr. Smith has since died. Rev. J. J. Peck followed, and preached here 2 or 3 years. Rev. Beriah N. Leach, D. D., came in 1855, aud was pastor about 5 yeara. Mr. Leaoh \s MIDDLETOWN. 835 a native of this town, and went into the min istry as early as 1819. During the time of his ministry, he was for some years principal of an academy in western New York. He now resides in Middletown, Ct., where he has heretofore spent a portion of the time of his ministry. Since Mr. Leach left. Rev. Mr. Frenyear preached here a while. Rev. Thom as Tobiu is the present minister. (1867.) After the death of Deacon Smith and Dea con Ford, Jonathan Barce was elected to that office which he held until hia death, about 1847. Beriah Newland, Jeremiah Rudd, Spencer Nicholson, Benajah Mallary, Peleg Seamans and Nathaniel Clift, have held the office of deacon. Alpheus Haynes waa or dained a deacon iu 1836, and haa held the office since, and is at present the only dea con in the church. Of the clerks there have been Thomas McClure, David Spafford, Eob ert R. Woodward, and Ira Frost, present clerk. The resideut members by the last official returns are 53 ; non-resident members 21. There was a sabbath school organized about the year 1821, which was a union school of tho Baptists and Congregationalists. Some time after that each denomination organized a school of its own, and have kept them up since. METHODIST. The first Methodist who preached in this town was tbe Eev. Laban Clark, in 1801. It appears that then there was but one Metho dist family in town. As early as 1815, there was a class formed in" Burnam Hollow," in the west part of the town. Cyril Leach, a brother of Eev. B. N. Leach, was the leader of the class at one time and.there was a goodly number of members iu the class. Mrs. Willard and Mrs. Leffing well, daughters of John Burnam, were mem bers of it, also Mrs. Nye, and others. They had preaching occasionally by circuit preachers, in the school-houses in that part of the town. The last years of the existence of this class it was not as well sus tained. The present Methodist Episcopal . church and society in Middletown had its be ginning as follows : In 1834, a class was form ed in the village by Anthony Eice, consist ing of James Germond aud wife, aud Samuel Hathaway aud wife. Soon afterwards John ^Gray aud wife were added to the class, and Jamea Germond waa appointed claaa- leader. This cla,ss commenced holding meet ings in the school-house iu the viUage, but from some cause were obliged lo leave that place and hold their meetings al private houses. In 1835, the society was formed, which will appear froja the following record : "We, the subscribers, inhabitants of the town of Middletown, in the county of Eut land and State of Vermont, do hereby volun- laril}' associate and agree to form a society by the name of the Methodist Eidscopal So ciety of Middletown, county and state afore said, for the purpose of purchasing a situatiou for, and building a meeting-house, according to the first section of au act entitled " an act for the support of the gospel," passed October 26th, 1798. In witness whereof we have hereunto sev erally set our bauds. Eli Oatman, Jambs Germond, Samuel Young, Nath'l W. Maetin, Maeous Stoddard, Justus Baekee, Samuel Hathawav, John Gray, Chaeles Lamb, Dated at Middletown, thia 2.3rd day of No vember, A. D. 1835." The meeting-house contemplated in the fcregoing was built in the year 1837. It was built with a basement for a town- room, but the towu have since surren dered their claim lo it for that purpose. The house was dedicated by Eev. John Wea ver, theu a presiding elder, in the .winter of 1838. Samuel Young was the first preacher in the charge of this society. Apr. 16, A. D. 18|.2, a Sabbath School was formed, and hy the constitution, which ap pears in the handwriting of Jamea Germond, was called the Methodist Episcopal Sabbath School, in Middletown. The officers under that constitution, for that year (1842) were Superintendent, Lucius Abbott ; Librarian, Harvey Hoadley ; Secretary and Treasurer, James Germond; Visiting Committee, John Fitch, M. Smith, Elisha Eogers, P. Germond, L. W. Winslow, J. Willard, P. H. Smith, A. J. Hoadley, A. Hyde, M. Woodworth, James Germond, E. Stoddard; Teachers, Elisha Rog ers, P. Germond, J. Darling, E. Marshall, Charles Lamb, L. Doughty, Justus Barker, L. Burnam, A. Hyde, H. Babcock. The Methodist society in Middletown, like the other religious denominations here, has had its seasons of prosperity and adversity. They gained rapidly on the start. By the time their house of worship was completed iu the winter of 1838, they had a congregation 836 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. nearly or quite as large as either of the other denominations, and they have since kept it up nearly as large, but that society has been unfortunlae in losing many ofits prominent and useful members by death. James Germond, their first class-leader and leader of their singing, until he died, October, 1855, was an unassuming man, yet to him perhaps more to than any other the Methodist Episcopal church is indebted for its rise and early progress. John Fitch was a local preacher, and re moved from Pawlet, hia native place, to Mid dletown aa early ae 1838, where he resided unlil February, 1859, when he died. Mr. Filch was never the preacher in charge, but took an active part in the affaira of the church and a conaiderable portion of the time sup plied the desk. He will be long remembered by those of that church who have survived him, as a zealous laborer in his Master's vine yard. In 1862, when the -Eev. H. D. Hitchcock was the preacher in charge, the Methodist house was thoroughly repaired, and like the Baptist and Congregational houses of wor ship, is now in good condition. Whiting Merrill was very active in procuring the re pairs on the meeting-houae, contributed largely of hia means, and did much by way of procuring subscriptions, and superintend ing the work. He succeeded in accordance with hia wishea, but died in three yeara after. Mr. Merrill commenced life a poor boy, but by his good management secured a competence. He had hardly passed the prime of life when he died, and had been for aome yeara the lea der of a class. Joseph Banister waa appoint ed to fill hia place, who lived but a few months after. The present preacher in charge (1867) is Eev. George Sutton. It is true there are some unpleasant things in connection with the history of each of the churches here, but we must expect those will occur in these and all other churches, and I cannot but feel that great good has been ac complished by the churches here. They havo sent out no less than 8 ministers, who were natives of the town, one as a missionary to foreign lands. Many others who have gone from here are holding prominent positions in different churches in the far West and other places. From 1820 to '40 the population of the I of all the milla town remained abont the aame ; there was a Httle faUing off, but no essential difference. As we look back within this period we find but few left of the first settlers of the lown, and those few have retired from active life. The active men then here consisted ofthe de scendants of the pioneers, and of mon who had more recently removed here. Amon<» the theu active men here were Jonas Clark, Hezekiah Haynes, Jonathan Morgan, Eli Oatman, Roswell Buel, David and Levi Me hurin, Stephen Keyes, Jaaz and Stephen Bar rett, Merritt and Horace Clark, Allen and ilicah Vail, Luther Buxton, Anson Eogers, Alon2)o Hyde, James Germond, Justus Bar ker, Thaddeus TerriU, Reuben Loomis, Smith Wait, John P. Taylor, Menira Caswell and Henry Gray, who were the connecting link between tbe early aettlement of the town and the present time and were in the main, as well as others then living here and not named, a substantial class of men. Janzaniah Barrett for many years a mer chant here, owned and lived iu the houso now owned by M. E. Vail, Esq., in which he and his family now reside. The house was built by Amasa Squires not long after 1800, and was for many years occupied as a hotel, by Jeremiah LeffingweU and a Mr. Monroe. The store occupied by Mr. Barrett was the one until recently, occupied by Mr. Vail, which baa been taken down and removed. Mr. Bar rett for many yeara did a large business as a merchant, a-nd in buying and selling cattlo and farm-produce. Alien and Micah Vail removed from Dan by to this town about tbe year 1810; raised up large families here, and daring their resi dence were among the leading farmers. They are both dead, and but one representative from each family now remains here ; Mrs. E. Ross, a daughter of Allen Vail, and M. E. Vail, a son of Micah Vail. Henry Gray waa perhaps as long an active business man as any other man who has ever lived in the town since the days of John Burnam. Mr. Gray was an unusually persevering man. He suffered many losses by fire and other casulaties, but was full of hope and animation — almost to the day of hia death — which occurred in June, 1865, at tho aga of 78 years. From the days of the Burn- ams and tho Miners, until a recent period, Henry Gray was almost the sole proprietor in town , and machinery pro- MIDDLETOWN. 837 pelled by water power. Mr. Gray waa long a member of the Congregational society, and contribatod liberally lo its support. Between 1820 and '40, there was a great change, going on in the industrial efforts of the people; which severed our connection with the good old timea and left them behind us— the timea when the ox-yokes, the ox bows, the whip-stocks and other necessary implements, were made in the long evenings before a blazing fireplace — the times wheu he was considered the best manager who did "everything within himself" — the times when, aa the men worked, the hum of the Uttle liaen-wheel, or the large wheel for spinning wool, or the rattle of the shuttle aud treads in the loom mingled with the crackle of the fire and the sounds of the axe aud the drawing knife. As eome one has written : " The women then picked their own wool, carded their own rolls, spun their own yarn, drove their own looms, made their own cloth, cut, made and mended their own garments, dipped their own candles, made their own soap, bottomed their own chairs, braided their own baskets, wove their own carpets, quilts and coverlids, picked their own geese, milked their own cows, fed their own calves, and went visiting or to meeting ou their owa feet, and all this with much less fass aud ado than our modern ladies make when they are simply obliged to over see the work of an ordinary household in In the financial revulsion of 1839, the " credit system " which waa theu a system for everybody, proved disastrous to many industroua aad honest farmers aud others in Middletown. Soou after 1840, the business iu the town ssemed to be ou the decline. Merritt Clark had removed to Poultney ; Horace Clark, also Janzaniah Barrett, had gone out of the mercantUe busiuess ; the building of railroads througli the SCate had come to be agitated, and it was becoming evident, that no line of railroad would pass through Middletown ; large farmers were en larging their borders, and small farmers were Belling out and going West. The consequence was that from 1840 to 1850, the population of the towu feU off about 200, and up to 1860 there was no gain in population. By the census of 1860, we had only 700 inhabi tants. Since 1860 there must have been a gain in the number^ of inhabitants, as some business interesta have recently sprung up here, and altogether the towu is improving. The town ia eaaentially an agricultural town and must continue ao to be, and there ia no better aoil for that purpoae in Rutland county. Keeping a dairy is now the main business of most of the farmers. " The Mid dletown Cheese Manufacturing Company " was organized in the Spring of 1864, and proceeded at once to erect buildings for that purpose. The manufacturing room is 26 feet square ; the curing-house is a two story building, 72 feet long aud 30 feel wide. The making of cheese commenced in the summer of 1864, and has been in successful operation ever since, and has much increased the farm ing interest aud the value of real estate iu the town. The capital stock of the company is $4,600. The number of pounds of milk received at the factory the last season (1866) waa 1,707,814. Number of pounda of cheese made from the aame when cured, waa 173, 970; and the gross receipts for the same were $30,383.19. Most of the farmers in Middletown are in comfortable circumstances, mostly out of debt, and many of them are money lenders. In respect to thrift and good management they have much improved upon the farmers of 25 .years ago. There are here now two stores, that of M. E. Vail and that of A. W. Gray & Sons, and the requisite number of me chanic shops, a, manufactory of wagons and carriages by the Mc Clures, of agricultural implements by E. W. Gray, and of horse powers by A. W. Gray & Sons. A. W. Gray & Sons have in their employ about 30 men. The springing up of thia eatablishmeut, after nearly all other manufacturing in the towu had ceaaed, or waa waning, is exceed ingly fortunate. A. W. Gray waa the inven tor of the horse-power now manufactured by A. W. Gray & Sona. He waa formerly a millwright, learned his trade of Henry Gray, but had given a good deal of time for some years, previous to 1856, to inventing. The horse-powers manufactured by the Messrs. Grays find a ready sale, and are with out doubt great labor-saving machines. They are used for sawing wood, threshing and other purposes, and are undoubtedly superior to anything of the kind uow in use. They are sent to all parta of the country, and the proprietors might, if they desired very much, extend their business. TOWN CLEEKS. Joseph Eockwell, 1784 to '99 ; Nathaniel Wood, jr., 1799 to 1302 ; Orson Brewster, 838 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 1802 to '12 ; Jabez JosUn, 1812 lo '13 ; Orson Brewster, 1813 to'15; Barker Frisbie, 1815 lo '21 ; Dyer Leffingwell, 1821 to '22 ; Cyrus Adams, 1822 to '29; Eliakim Paul, 1829 to '36; Orson Clark, 1836 to '42; Luther FU- iiioi'o, 1812 to '45; Adin II. Green, 1845 to '47; Eliakim Paul, 1847 to '49; Adin H. Groen, 1819 to '52 ; Elijah Ross, 18.52 to '56 ; Barnes Frisbie, 1856 to '60; Elijah Ross, IStiiJ to '61; Geo. W. Bullard, 1861 lo '63; Elijah Ross, 1863 to '6.5; Moses E. Vail, 18(15 to 'G6 ; Elijah Ross, 1866 to '67. Er win Haskins was elected ilarch, 1867, and is the present Town Clerk. EEPEESENTATIVES. Joseph Spaulding, 1785 to '88 ; John Bur nam, 1788. Ephraim Carr, 1788 to '92; Jonathan Brewster, 1702 ; Nathaniel Wood, 17i-'3 , Jonathan Brewster, 1794 ; John Bur nam, 171J.J ; Jonathan Brewster, 17^6; John Burnham, 1796 to 1799 ; Nathaniel AVood, jr., 1799 to 1804; John Burnam; 1804 ; Dyer Leffin.gwell, LsiJl to '07 ; John Burnam, 1807 ; Jonas Clark, jr., 1807 t-o '10 ; Jacol? Burnam, 1810; Jonas Clark, 1810 to '23; David G. McClure, 1823 to '29 ; AUen A'ail, 1829 ; Eliakim Paul, 1829 to 32 ; Merritt Clark, 1832 to '34 ; Orson Clark, 1834 to '36 ; Eliakim Paul, 1836 to '38 ; Jouathan ilor gan, 1838 ; iMerntt Clark, 1839 , Eliakim Paul, 1839 to '42 ; C. B. Harrington, 1S42 to '44 ; Horace Clark, LSil to '46 ; C, B. Har rington, 1846, Harris G. Otis, 1847; Wm. N Gray, 1847 to '50; Roswell Buel, jr., ISoU ; Eliakim Paul, 1850 to '53; Jacob Burnam, 1853; Barnes Frisbie, lSa3 to '56; Luoius Copeland, 1856 to '5S ; C. P. Gov, 1S53 to '60: Eoswell Buel, 1860, to '62: Nathaniel Cliff, 1862 to '64 ; Harley Spaulding, 1S64 to '66 : A. W. Gray, 1866 to '67. Of the part the citizens of iliddletown took in the wa, of 1812, I have been able to gather but little information. There were several who enlistod and served in that war ; only ono (John Woudworth) to my knowledge sur vives. Ho was wounde.l at Fort Erie, and I rtow draws a pension of ^'¦')i') a year. He had a largo family, but none aro now residing in Middletown, except his oldest daughter, Mai-y. He has ono son Andrew J., who now resides in Philadolplii:i, and is a man of good busi ness ca,paeity, and has, as I am informed, ac cumulated a ;;().>d deal of wealth. He gave the town of MhMletowu, a short time since, the sum of about $1000 — it being what the | They proved to be bravo and faithful soldiers; town had expended for the support of an un fortunate insane sister who has been at Brat tleboro for several years, — and also lo relieve the town from her future support, made pro vision for the same. This example is worthy of record, uot only lo preserve a generous act, but to show what a young man without means may do if he will. It is hardly 20 years since A. ,1. Wood' worth came to school to me. He was then poorly clad — a bashful unpretending boy — yet he seemed to be resolute and determined in what he undertook lo do, and,- withal; was generous and kind hearted. At the time of the battle of Plattsburgh a company of militia volunteered from Middle- town, but they only got as far as Castleton when they were informed that the battle was over ; they then returned. David Thomas is the only aurvi vor of that company now hying in .Middletown ; he went as drummer. Middletown has a record of which her citi zens may well be proud. They promptly met the emergency — raised the money and the men, from time to time, as they were required and notwithstanding the great outlay requir ed to pay the large bounties and lai'ge taxes, when the war closed, the towu had paid every dollar. The town paid in bounties $6,609 and more than they were legally bound to do. Two of her soldiers, Merritt Perham and Harvey Guilder, re-enlisted to the credit of tbe lown without any contract with the authorities ; previous to this the town had been paying a bounty of $500. A meeting was called aud the sum of $500 each wa^; voted to them and paid. In proportion to the number subject to military duty, a large number enlisted into the service from the town. In the summer of 1863 "the rol^ of men subject to be drafted from numbered 58. During the period ofthe war 51 enlisted into the service — some 10 or 12 more than was required to fill the quotas of the town — and those who went into the service, were, most of them, at least, froin- aruong the best families of the towa, and wrth hardly an exception young men of good moral character, intelligent, and with a good common education, and for the most part with good, hardy physical constitutions. No one of them ever deserted, or was court- martialed for any offence, and but one or two received even a censure for violation of rules. MIDDLETOWN. 839 a large portion of them served out the time for which they enlisted, and returned to their homes to be again useful aud respected citi zens, some never returned; 4 or 5 were kiU ed in battle, or died from wounds received ; 11 died of disease. To William SchoUar is due the credit of being the first mau who enlisted from this town iu the war of '61. He enlisted in compa ny E. of the 1st, Eeg. of Vt. vols, for 3 months and served his time out, and afterwards enlisted into Harris' light cavalry, an organ ization-gotten np in the State of New York After several mouths service in this cavalry organization, his health faUed and he received an honorable disc'uarge. He returned home, regained his health, and in '63 enlisted into the 10th, Vt. Eeg., ia which he served to the close of the war. He held the office of ser geant iu company C, 10th, Vt., aud was a, faithful soldier. The next who enlisted from iliddletown were Frank Carrigan and ilerritt Perham, in tbe 2d Vt. Eeg , which was mustered into the serviee June 20, '61. Carrigan after serv ing a while was found missing and has never been heard of since. It ia supposed that he is dead ; Perham served his time out (3 years) aud re-enlisted into the 7th, Vt, and served to the end of the war. Stephen A. Griswold, Edwin Higgins, Sara- oel Buxton, Harvey Guilder, enlisted into the 7th, Vt., which regiment was mastered into the service Feh. 12, '62. Stephen A. Griswold died at Pensacola, Florida, Nov. 3, '62, of fever. He was a very strong, muscu lar young man, but had the measles after he enlisted, and before he was mustered in, took cold, and it is thought by his friends wa^ never well afterwards, though he performed good service as a soldier until a. short time prior to his death. He was the only son u the widow of David Griswold, on wliom she doubtless relied for support in her declining years. Edwin Higgins, ofthe same regiment, died near New Orleans. We have not the date of his death, but it was after Griswold died, and while he, Higgins, was in the ser vice. He was the oldest son of Orrin Hig gins, whd aerved in the 10th, Vei-mont regi ment. Buxton aud Guilder served to ihe end ofthe war, aud were honorably discharged. Eoyal Lucien Coleman enlisted into the 9th, Vermout, Jane 9, '63, and died Oct. 3, 64, in theservice a year and some months., He was a son of Harry Coleman, who was a brother of Eoyal Coleman, Esq., of this towu. There was a large number enlisted from iliddletown into Co. C, 10th Vt. Eeg., aud mustered in Sept. 1st, 'o'Z. Prior to that time, Edwin E. Buxton, Aden N. Green, Er win Haskins, Charles H. Dayton, Henry Barce, Alonzo Atwater, William Hoadley,, Francis H. Hoadley, Curtis Howard, Henry J. Langzine, Harlan P. Leffingwell, Arunah LeffingweU, Johu H. Lewis, Warren Mc Clure, William SchoUar, William H. H. Thompson, Philander C. Wetmore, Robert A. Woodward and Edward Holton, had enlisted and were mustered ia, making 19 who were mustered in with the regiment. In Dec. '63, Jarnes N. Buel, Lorenzo Ford, AUen Hubbard, jr., Or rin Higgins and Charles W. McClure enlist ed, in Co. C, 10th Vt., making, 24 of the iMid- dletown boys in that regiment. They all en listed for 3 years, or during the war, and Buxton, Green, Barce, Atwater, William and Francis Hoadley, Howard, Langziue, Harlan P. LeffingweU, Warren and Charles \V. Mc Clure, SchoUar, Wetmore, Woodward, Hub bard^ aad Higgins, 17 of the 24 served out their time, were honorably discharged, and returned to their homes, with the exception of Henry Barce, who was taken sick after his discharge, and died near Washington on his way home. Erwin Haskins was taken, sick in the Fall after his enlistrneat, and ran down so low ho barely hal strength to get home He was discharged Dec. 19, '62. Oa his return, contrary to the expectations of all who saw him, he gradually recovered, un til uow he is comparatively well again. Ar unah Leffingwell was taken sick and dis charged about the same time, returned hoiria and has since recovered his health. John H. Lewis wa^ wounded by n- ball through the thigh at Winchester on Sept. 19 '64; went to, the hospital, and remained until discharged; was in the hard fought battles of the Wilder ness, Cold Harbor and Spottsylvania, and manfully performed his duty until disabled by the wound above named. The first death of the boys of the 10th from Middletown, was that of Charles H. Dayton, Sept. 26 '62, near Washington — less than oue month after his regiment was mustered into tkp service. 'tie was the son of ilr,5. Jay B. Norton, by her former husband, Doctor J. H. Dayton, and but 18 years old when he enlisted. Ue 840 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. was sick only about one week. His remains wero brought home and interred in Middle- town by the side of those of his father. Edward Holton was in the service nearly a year. He was a sou of Garrett Holton, an Irishman, and a very respectable man, who has aince deceaaed. Edward died of diaease Aug. 15, '63, aged 21. His comrades gave him the credit of being a good aoldier. Henry Barce as we have before mention ed, served bia time out and w.aa on his way home when he was taken sick, of fever, and died June 17, '65, at the age of 26. His health was good through his entire term of service, from the first of September, '62, un til tbe close of the war. He never failed of being able to perform his daty as a soldier, was in all of the battles iu wbich the 10th were engaged during the war, and of his sa- g.acity and bravery, bis associates all speak in the highest terms. He was a still, quiet young man, but strong, athletic, decided and prompt in acting, anl possessed more educa tion and knowledge than any other person of his age in the town, when he enlisted. He leaves a sister and distant relatives to mourn his loss. » Wm. H. H. Thompson, a cousin of Henry Barce, was taken prisoner at Falls Charch, when Culpepper was evacuated by our forCM, and diod in Libby Prison, at Richmond, in the winter of '64. James N. Bael enlisted in Dec. '63, and was killed at Cold Harbor June 1, '64. He lay at the timo, with others of his company, behind a log in front of tbe enemy watching their chances to deliver their fire upon the rebel sharp shootera, in the vicinity, when Buel, anxious to get a shot raised his head high enough to receive a ball in the head, which killed him instmtly ; and thus perish ed a brave soldier, who had been an indus trious man and » good citizen at home. Mr. Buel was 40 years old; he left a wife and 2 children. He was a son of Roswell Buel. Sen , who h,as since diod. Lorenzo Ford enlisted Dec. 10, '63, and dieil in the army hospital at Brandy Station, in Vii-ginia, of fever. Mar. 16, '64. He per formed his duty faithfully as a aoldier, for the little time he was in the service. His age was 26 ; he left a widow and one child. His widow h.is since married in Michigan, and his child lives with her aunt, Mrs. Bassett, 'n Middletown. He was a son of Joel Ford. All who know the history of the war of 1861, well know that the 10th Vt reg. had the reputation of being one of the best reg iments in the army. Officers of high rank, who were witnesses of their bravery, their endurance and skill, and their reliability in trying timea, have invariably spoken of the 10th Vt. in the highest terms. If the reg iment was made up of as good material as that part of it from Middletown, (and I do not know why it was not,) surely those en comiums of the officers were well bestowed. We have this foundatiou for saying what wa have of tbe boys from Middletown, in the 10th. We knew them all — most of them in timately and know that mentally, morally and physically, with few exceptions, they were of a material which makes lhe best of soldiers ; and we heard from tliem in the irar; not only from themselves, in speaking of the conduct of each other in the many hard fonght fields, but we heard facts from others, soldiers and offlcera, who were there and had no interest to give us anything but facts. Edwin R. Buxton, Aden H. Green and William SchoUar, rose from the ranks to ser geants of their compaBy, and they, with Barce, Lewis, Howard, Bael, Habbard, Woodward and Charlea ilc Clure, were par ticularly distinguished for their fearless dis charge of duty. Bnxton, Green and Wood ward each received woands. Buxton and Green were hit by balls several times, and Buxton, in the fight at Cold Harbor, was obliged to leave the field, and was unable to perform duty lor several days afterwards. Woodword received a wound on the foot at the same time, wbich disabled him for a short time. Warren Mc Clare wiis detailed for hospital service soon after his regiment was mastered in, where he remained on daty until he went into the 10th reg. band. He played a cornet in that band until tbe close of the war. Win. H. Hoadley was a musician (drum mer) from the time the regiment waa mus tered into aervice until the close of the war. The number of battles in which the 10th reg. was engaged, as reported by the Adju tant General are 13, commencing with Or ange Grove, in Nov. '63, and ending with Sailor's Creek, in Apr, '65. Those embrace the battles of Grant's campaign, which end ed in the fall of Richmond, and tho overthrow of the great rebellion. Besides the battles as MIDDLETOWN. 841 given by the Adjutant General in which the 10th was engaged, it was in numerous skirmishes, in which men were killed and Yfouuded. Middletown sent three good aoldiera iu the llth Vt. reg.: Jamea Granger, George and James Kilburn. Granger enlisted in July, '64, into Co. M. of the llth, and was mus tered into the aervice Oct. 7, '63. He waa the second aon of the Eev. Calvin Gran ger, who at the time of the aon'a enliatment was the pastor of the Congregational church here. This regiment was known as the 1st Vt. artillery, and enlisted for 3 years or daring the war. Young Granger was in «ost of the battles in Grant's campaign, after the battle of the Wilderness, and was a good soldier. The Kilburns, sons of Truman Kilburn, never returned. George was wounded in ac tion at Cold Harbor, and died of his wounds July 9, '64. aged 26. James died of sickness, at Washington, Aug. 22, '64, aged 22. They were good soldiers, say their officers, and their reliable comrade, James Granger. Charles H. Granger and Delet B. Haynes enlisted in the 12th reg.; mustered in Oct. 4, '62, and mustered out of the service July 14, '63. Granger and Haynes enlisted into com pany K, known as the " Eutland Light Guard." Charles H. Granger was the third son of the Eev. Calvin Granger, and Delet B. Haynes waa the oldest sou of tbe Eev. Aaron Haynes, a Baptist clergyman, then residing in Middletown. Both served out their time faithfully, and returned agaiu lo their homes. They were never in any action, but, as they said, " it was nol their fault." Their regiment was never called into any ac tion while in the service. Middletown sent 7 brave, sturdy fellows in the Uth. reg. They were, Homer H. Southwick, Eeuben Spaulding, Geo. Spauld ing, Erwin Hyde, Wm. Cairns, Eliphalet Eddy and John Louis Southwick. The two Spauldings, Hyde and Eddy served their time; Cairns was killed at the battle of Gettysburg, in which they all participated, except Louis, who was discharged Apr. 21, 53, by reason of an accidental discharge of fire arms) which so injured one of his hands as to render him incapable of doing further service. Eddy was wounded in the arm, al Getlysburg, by the bursting of a ahell, and has drawn a pension since he left the service, but has now nearly recovered tbe use of his arm. Homer H. Southwick was a sergeant of company B, and Erwin Hyde and Eeuben Spaulding were corporals. Southwick had charge of the ambulance corps at Gettys burg, and performed hia duty faithfully and well. He was a good soldier, and so were they all, aud with the exception of Eddy and Cairns they are now all in Middletown engaged on farms and in shops, as they were before tbe war — the same industrious, peace ful, useful citizens. Eddy haa removed to Michigan. Cairns sleeps on the field at Gettysburg; he was an Irishman, a young man of intelligence and character, and vol unteered, aa he said, because he felt it waa his duty so to do. May he be remembered as one of the brave boys who sacrificed hia life to save the American Eepublic. We have now spoken of all who enlisted " to the credit of the town ;" that is, those named were counted to make up, and did make up, the quota of Middletown, but they were not all who gave their aid in the great struggle. The Country bad the services of others, and to them we owe a debt of gratitude, and let us here acknowledge it. Andrew Perry, Obadiah Cole and John S. Bateman, went from Middletown, and enlist ed to the credit of the town of Poultney. Perry, after a short period of service, was sick, and received hia discharge, and return ed home ; Cole and Bateman served to tha end of the war. Seven from Middletown enlisted into reg imenta out of the Stale ; Wm. and Henry Clift, Joaeph Cary, Eobert Parks, William Grover, Martin V. B. Woodworth and Horace Green. William Clift enlisted in an Iowa regiment for 3 years, aud served his lime ; Henry iuto the llllh N. Y. reg.; both were good soldiers. Joseph Cary we have been able to learn but little about. He was nol long a resideut of the town. He, with Parks, Grover and Green enlisted into what was known as the " Harris Light Cavalry," as early as Aug.'61. They were ealisted at Fairhaven, but tha regiment was a New York regiment, or be came so afterwards. Of those four, three died, two of sickness, and one from a wound received while in an engagement. Parks went into the service a strong, healthy, reso lute young man, but after a few months look the measles which resulted in hia death. He 842 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. was a son of Eobert Parks, Esq., nf Wells, had uot lived in Middletown over 2 or 3 years prior to his enlistment, but had lived thero long enough to gam the respect of thoso who knew him. William Grover was a son of Calvin, a young man of good character ; he made a good soldier, and was a good length of time in the service, but death from disease finally terminated his service. Huraco Green was the youngest son of Aden II. Green, E-:q., deceased, and a half brother of Aden H. Green of the 10th Vt. His mother's maiden name was il.irgi-.ret Bigelow ; she was the eldest daughter of Rev. Henry Bigelow. Horace was in Kilpatrick's cavalry and was one of the most daring sol diers in the army, lie was wounded on the Danville Railroad, in Virginia, in June, '04, and died in Middletown the Dec. foUowing. Rev. M. M. Martin preached hia funeral sermon from which we make the following extract. " Horace Green enlisted into the United States service ou the 30th of Aug'. 1861. He was in nearly every battle and raid in whieh the arrny of the Potomac was engaged from that time until he received the wiAind that caused his death. June 29, 1862, Gen eral Wilson with his command was on his retusn from a raid on the Danville Eoad, when ihey met the enemy and at 12 o'clock at night a portion of the cavalry was thrown out as skirmishers. Our friend was among the number, and was shut through the head. Our forces were obliged to retreat and leave their wounded on the field. His orderly ser geant was wouaded and left on the field with ilim, and to him, Horace, was indebted for the lengthen i ig out of his life, and his return home. When the enemy were about to burj' Horace alive, tbe pleading of sergeant Nesbit saved hirn. They both remained 5 days on the tield without food or drink. He died Dec. 21, 1861, Thns another name is added to the Ust of brave mai'tyi'sto our country's cause," It is surpriaing that the wouad whieh Hor ace rei:.-ived had not killed him iii-rings a humbug. They are no hum bug bat exaggerated statements in regard to the curative properties of the waters and tha cures effected by them, which appeared for a tirne in the public prints, damaged their rep utation rat'rer than benetitted it, so that now, in public estimation, the springs have uot the 844 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. eredit they deserve. But they soou will have. There is real merit in the waters and the public in due time will come to proper ly estimate thoir intrinsic value, without an over or under estimate, without doubt. Soon after June, 1868, other mineral Springs were discovered some hundred rods from those di.scovered by A. W. Gray, near the foundry owned by E. W. Gray. Two companies were formed, each owning and sending away water from the two groups of springs. In the fall of 1869, these two com panies were consolidated under one company, called the Middletwon Springs Hotel Compa ny, and were incorporated under the laws of the State of New York. Early in the Spring of 1870, the company commenced the erec tion of a large hotel near the springs, but so large was the work that the hotel waa not completed until well on in the Summer of 1871. The building, including basement aud attic, is 5 stories high ; has a west front of 140 feet and a north front of 136 feet, mak ing in all a front of 276 feet, and is 42 feet in width. It has a dining room of 65 by 41 feet with 17 feet ceiling. The lady's parlor is 41 by 40 feet, and the house oontainail37 large and airy rooms for guests. The halls throughout are 8 feet wide. The house is well furnished and the furnishings are all new and selected from the best patterns. With tbe ample accommodations of this fine hotel, together with the spring waters and beautiful surroundings, it now seems quite probable that Middletown is destined to be a favorite resort for invalids, indeed for all Vjho desire a time in the summer season for rest, recuperation or pleasure. The expense of building and furnishing the house was large, and could not have been lesa than $ 100,000. Large expenditures have also been made in fitting up the grounds around the hotel. The affairs of the compa ny are now managed by J, J. Joslin, Wil liam II. Poor and Jonas Clark of Poultney but many of the citizens of the town contrib uted largely to the funds required for build ing the hotel and fitting the grounds; among whom are Messrs. A. W. Gray & Son, E. W. Gray, S. W. Southworth and Lucius Cope land. The old hotel in the place has been enlarged and fitted up for keeping boarders ; and Dexter Adama has also a good boarding- house sufficient to accommodate 30 or 40. WhUe we now writs the lown is enUvAed by the preaence of summer visitors from Washington, New York, Boaton and other places. All seem to enjoy themselves and lo be highly pleased with the excellent accom modations furnished here, the beautiful scen ery in and about the locality, aud the excel lent opportunities for trout-fishing, hunting aud boating in the vicinity. So it will be seen that aince my published history was completed in 1867, the town haa become a place of summer resort ; and I believe there ia no town lovelier nor more at tractive in the Green Mountain State. The material interests of the town bave been in creased thereby, and the sincere wish of the writer is that happiness and prosperity may attend the citizens from this onward. There are five in number of the springs rediacovered by A. W. Gray; all within a few feet of each other, and no two are alike in their mineral ingredients. For all erup tive diseases and kidney difficulties, ilis the opinion of the writer that these waters are unsurpa.ssed. In the spring of 1872, Jonathan and Mer- rit Atwater, in digging on their farm lyi»g in the south part of the town, diaeovered a substance very much resembling copper ore. What it will prove after further examination and thorough testing no oue can say at pres ent. A company has leased the premises, and will before long satisfy themselves and tha public as to the value of this supposed mine. Robert R. Woodward was elected town clerk iu March, 1868, aud has held the office since. Homer, H. Southwick represented the town in the years 1868 and 1869, and Eos- ¦vell Buel was elected representative in 1870, for two years. Hon. Baeses Feisbie, son of Zenas Fris bie, and a native of Middletown, is now en gaged with Dea. Joslin, of Poultney, in com pleting the extensive history of Poultney, by Henry Clark, Sec. of Vt. State Historical Society, also a native of Middletown. The whole of which is to be published in one large volume, separately, aud Mr. Clark furnishes a large digest of the same for this work. Mr. Frisbie resided at Middletown till eleven years since, when he removed to Poultney, where he at present resides. He is 59 years of age, married in 1844, aud has 4 children living. He atudied law with C. B. Harring ton, commenced practice in Brandon, Vt., was created side judge in 1853. MT. HOLLT. 845 MOUNT HOLLT BT DB. JOHN CROWLEY. Was not one of the original townships. In sur veying the towna on the east and west sides of the Green Mountains, there was left between Lud low, on the east, and Wallingford, on the jvest, a gore of land called Jackson's Gore — taking its name from Abram Jackson, one of the origi nal proprietors, and an early settler on the Gore. The flrst settlement on thia tract was begun by Abram Jackson, Stephen, Ichabod G. aud Chauncy Clark of Connecticut, in the year 1782. The following year they were joined by Jacob Wilcox and Benjamin G. Dawley, from Rhode Island, and soon after by Jonah, Amos and Eb enezer Ives, also from Connecticut ; others from year to year came in, and the population grad ually and steadily increased. In 1792 the present to'wu of Mt. Holly was incorporated by the Legislature, at the October session of that year, holden at Rutland. The town, as incorporated, was made up by adding to Jackson's Gore, on the east, all that portion of tbe town of Ludlow lying weat of the high est ridge of what ia called Ludlow Mountain, and on the west, one mile iu width, or two tiers of lots from the east side of the town of Wal- Imgford." Thia constitutes the present town of Mt. HoUy, which, in point of territory or size, ranks among the larger towns of the State. The flrst settlers iu that part of the town which waa formerly Ludlow were Joseph Green, K^athaniel Pingrey, Abram Crowley, David Bent and Silaa Proctor, who emigrated thither about the year 1786 — some three years subsequent to the flrst settlement on the Gore, by the Clarks, Jackson and others. They were soon after join ed by John and Jonas Hadley, Joseph and Jon athan Pingrey, Richard Lawrence and Samuel Cook. Theae two settlements, though only some three miles apart, were for some time ig norant of their proximity to each other — those on tfife weat side, or " the Gore,'' supposed the settlement nearest them was in the valley of Otter Creek, while those on the east side thought their nearest neighbors were on Black River, in Ludlow. They were separated by an unbroken wilderness, with not even a " blazed" foot-path between them — each having reached their settlement from opposite directions. They are said to have discovered each other in the following manner : Some of the settlera on the east side started out on Sunday morning to look for stray cattle: after traveling westward some two miles, they were about to take another direction, when they were surprised by hearing the barking of a dog still farther west. They followed the sound, and soon came to the log-cabin of Ichabod G. Clark, which stood some 40 roda north-westerly fi-om the spot where tbe Mt. Holly R. B. De pot now stands. At this cabin the people of the " Gore" were on that day assembled for re ligious worship. The surprize of each party was equalled only by their gratiflcation at flnd- ing neighbors so near. They at once set about providing means of intercommunication by marked trees, and subsequently by primitive roads ; aud the acquaintance thus begun soou ripened into friendship and constant intercourse, and resulted in the union of the two settle ments in one town, as above described. The town was organized under the aet of in corporation, at a meeting called for that pur pose Nov. 19, 1792. Abram Jackson was chos en moderator, Stephen Clark, town clerk, and Abram Jackson, Stephen Clark and Silas Proc tor, selectmen. Mt. Holly lies on the eastern border of Rutland county, bounded N. by Shrewsbury and Plymouth, E. by Ludlow, S. by Weston, andjW. by WaUingford and Mt. Tabor. It liea iu a sort of shallow basin, or depression in the Green Mountains, and in the old ,days of stage coaches and loaded teams, afforded, probably, the best place for crossing the Mountain, south of Montpelier. The old stage route from Bur lington, via RuUand, to Boston, passed through this lown. The land was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber, consisting of sugar maple, beech, birch, spruce and hemlock, mainly, with a less amount of fir, basawood, black and white ash, wild cherry and poplar. Since the building of the railroad through the town, wood and himber have been important items of traffic, and the remark ia often made by farmera, that if their farma were now in their primitive condition, with the timber all stand ing, they would be worth more than they now are, with all the buildings and other improve ments; and it is undoubtedly true. The hardy pioneer3,while felling the huge trees, aud laboring day and night to pile and bum them, little thought that the time would come when the timber, which it cost them so much toil and labor to get rid of, would, if standing, be worth more than their farms, with aU the improvements of three fourths of a century ; and yet such ia the fact. The rock is mostly Green Mountain gneiss. 846 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. In the extreme south part of the town lime stone is found, from which very good lime was formerly made in considerable quantitiea: but its manufacture is now abandoned ; as, in these daya of railroad ti'ansportation, better aud cheaper limo can be obtained elsewhere. Thc soil is mostly a strong, somewhat heavy loam — in some parts of the town, especially along the valley of .Mill River — considerably mixed with sand. Clay- beds are found in sev eral localites, suitable for making brick. Many years ago there was a brick-yard near the pres ent site of the lit. Holly R. R. Depot, where excellent brick were made in quantity sufficient to supply this and some of the neighboring towns, vVhioh 'was no small amount in those days when every house must have in its cen tre a huge chimney, requiring for its construc tion from flve to twelve thousand brick. They were never much used here for building pur poses, there being but six briok houses in town — all of them built more than n quarter of a century ago. The town is well watered by small streams, and numerous springs gush from the hill-sides. Mill River is the only conaiderable stream. It rises in the extreme southwest part of the town, and, running in a northerly direction, crosses a corner of W£|,llingford, through Shrewsbury in to Clarendon, where it empties into Otter Greek. All the smaller streams on the western slope of the town empty into Mill River: while those on the eastern slope find their way to Black River, and are discharged into the Con- Dcoticut The soil is much better adapted to grass than grain, and but little ofthe latter is raised. Mt. Holly is emphatically a grazing town. There is probably not a farmer here who attempts to produce his own breadstuffs. He flnds it more profitable to keep his land in grass, and devote his attention to the raising of stock, or the manufacture of butter and cheese — depending on tho grain-growing States of the West for hia corn and flour. A large quantity of oats is rais ed here, which aro mostly consumed by farmers tliemaolvos. The only article raiaed for exportation is po. tatoos. Since tho building of tho Railroad the fai-mers have di'\olod oonsidei'able attention to tho production of that crop, and thousands of bushels aro annually shipped by rail to Boston and other markets. Potatoes, beef, pork, but ter, cheese, lumber and live stock are the chief articlea of export. The surface of the town ia uneven aud hilly, though less so than most of the mountain towns. In fact there are probably few towns of its size in the State, which have a less am ount of actually waste land. There are uo lar^e swamps — no rugged ledges,, and no abrupt, in accessible mountains. There are plenty of hills, but they afford good pasturage for sheep and cattle, even to their very summits. The Rutland Railroad runs through a sort of gorge or ravine, and the traveler who passes through by rail sees the poorest part of the town, and often makes taunting remarks about the country, and a people who can obtain a livelihood in such a sterile region ; but let him travel a mile or two in either direction from the line of the Railroad, and the substantial farm houses, commodioua barns, and general signs of thrift will essentially modify his opinion of the character of the town, and of its inhabit ants. Professor Hagar, in his report on the Ge ology of the State, says : " The tourist who thinks Mt. HoUy is a poor town is mistaken ; for there are few towns in tbe State which pro duce more cattle, sheep, bee^ pork, butter and cheese, or have a larger number of wealthy farmers." There is no considerable village in the town, but there are several little settlements which are dignified by the title " ville," as : Mechan icsville, BowlviUe, Tarbellsville, Hortonville, Healdville, &c. Mechanicsville is the largest, containing a church, a store, a tannery, a mill for cutting chair-stock, a blacksmith and wheel wright shop, and about 25 dwelling-houses. — Here, also, is the establisment of P. E. Chase, for the manufacturing of children's carts, caba and wheelbarrows, employing about 25 hands. The machinery is run partly by steam aud part ly by water power, turning out a large amount of wares which are shipped to aU parts of the country. About one mile west of MechanicsviUe is Tarbellsville, where is located the extensive rake-fnctory of Marshall Tarbell, which 'manu factures more rakes, probably, than any other establishment in New England. Here is also a sawmill doing a large amount of business — con nected with which is machinery for cutting clapboards, laths, chair-stock — and also for .turn- lug fork, hoe and broom-handles. There is also here a store, a blacksmith shop, a daguerrian saloon, and about a dozen dweUing-houses. Within about a mile south of this place, which is on MiU River, are two other sawmills, each doing a large business — also a shop for the manufacture of butter-firkins. Below are also MT. HOLLY. 847 three sawmills on MiU River and its tributaries, two of which have machinery for cutting chair stock. BowlviUe is a small settlement in the west part of the town, and takes its name from be ing the locatiau of a factory for turning wooden bowls, and the manufacture of other articles of wooden ware^ — as wash-boards, clothes-pins, mop-sticks, &o., &c. ^ In the north part of the town, about 1 mile from the north chuich, and 1 -J milesfrom the E. B. station, are the steam-miUs of Deacon Warren Horton, embracing a sawmill, a grist- miU, a planing-miU, and machinery for cutting ciiair-stock, turning, &o. These mills turn out a vast amount of lumber annually. Until recently there was a steam-miU at EealdvUle, owned by W. B. & J. P. Hoskison, wbich did a large business in square timber and other lumber. This mill was destroyed by flre in June, 1872, and has not been rebuilt. The flrst grist-miU in town was built by Je thro Jackson, about the year 1802, aud was located at BowlviUe. A few yeai-s later anoth er was built at MechanicsviUe by Abram Jack son—and StiU later, another was built by Capt.' Joseph Green, in the east part of the town, near Healdville. None of them are now in existence. There was formerly a carding-machine and cloth-dressing establishment at the north part of the towu, aud also at MechanicsviUe — both of which have long since been abandoned. EDUCATION. The to'wn is divided into 12 school districts, in which schools are kept from 6 to 8 months during the year. The common schools in Mt. Holly have always, at least, averaged with those of other towns in the State, and of late the people seem to feel a greater interest in the promotion of popular education. Several new and commodious school-houses have been built Within^he last few years, and others are in con templation. More caro is taken to secure good teachers, and the people generally seem to be impressed with the importance of having good and efficient common schools. The highways in town are generally kept in good repair. There is probably no mountain town in the State wbich can boast of better roads than Mt. Holly ; and perhapa no town of its size has a greater number of milea of high- ¦'vay, or more expensive roads to keep in repair. The aoil ia stony, and the hiUs liable to be washed by the frequent mountain showers;, yet the enierpriao of the peoplat keeps the roada generally in good repair. Nathaniel Pingrey drove the first wheel -car riage that ever pa-ssed through " Ludlow Gap," and ho lived long enough to ride over the same ground in a railroad car. RELIGIOUS. The flrst resident clergyman in town was the Rev. Silas L. Bingham, Congregationalist. The exact date of his setUement here is not known ; but it is known that he resided here some few years previous to 1805. During that year he removed to New Haven, Tt., where it is be lieved he resided tiU his death. At that date there was a small congregation alist church in town, but it never had a settled minister after Mr. Bingham left. They, howev er, kept up their organization, with occasional preaching by clergymen from neighboring towns, until about the year 1866, when its membership had become so reduced by death and removals, that it waa disbanded. Its mem- .bera were alwaya few ; yet from time to time it included some of our best citizens. The names of Dea. Aaa White, Dea. Dan Peck and Dea. Benjamin Parker will long be remember ed as worthy men and exemplary Christians. The Baptist church was organized Sept. 6, 1804. Up to that date those of that faith and order residing in Mt. Holly had belonged to the church in Wallingford, but had petitioned to be dismissed, that they might form a separate and distinct church. The church in Wallingford voted their as sent, and a council was called to meet on the aforesaid day, for the purposes contemplated in said petition. The council met on said day, aud was organized by choosing Elder William Harrington of Clarendon, moderator, and Elder Sylvester Haynes of Middletown, clerk; and after due investigation and deliberation, decided to form the petitioners into a separate church, to be known and fellowshipped as The Baptist church in Mt. HoUy ; and the petitioners were thereupon dismissed from the church iu Wal lingford. The Mt. HoUy church on the same day organ ized by choosing Bro. Edmund Bryant, moder ator, and Bro. Simeon Dickerman, church clerk. It numbered at the start about 30 members, 12 of whom were males. On Hie same day they •' Agreed to have their church meetings the aecond Saturday of every month.' ' " At a church meeting at Capt. Kinney's house, Oct. 848 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 10, 1804 church voted to pa.y thirty dollars to Levi Claik for Bro. Cyrus Andras, as reward for gospel labors. "Nov. 12, 1805, Cli'h met. 1st, voted to give Bro. Cyrus Andrus thirty dollars for gos pel labors the aeason past. 2d, voted that if Brother C. Andrus can be obtained to preach with us half the timo for six months more, we will give bim twenty dollars." The foregoing extracts contain all that ap pears on tho records concerning atated preach ing, previous to 1811; though the names of Elders Harrington, Carpenter, Haynes, McCol- lough. Green and Kendall, from time to time, appear aa being present and administering the ordinance of baptism and the Lord's Supper. These, it seems, were the ministers of neighbor ing churches. Rev. Cyrus Andrus seems to have been the only resident minister here at that early day ; but how long he remained, and what share of the time he preached for the church, the records do not show. "Nov. 21, 1805. Church met and proceed ed — 1st. Chose Bro. Edmund Bryant Deacon- of thia church. " 2d. Ctiose Brethren Goodyear Clark and Lyman Dickerman to view the affairs of the Ch'h, and advise with the Deacon respecting any matters to be attended to." At that day the country was new, the roads bad, and the members scattered all over the town ; yet it appears by the records, that the church meetings were regularly kept up, and generally well attended. " At a Ch'h meeting Nov. ] 2, 1805— 2d. Vot ed to build an addition to Bro. Jacob White's dweUing, for the purpose of holding our meet ings there." ' Elder Daniel Packer was the first minister who had a permanent connection with the church as pastor. His name first appears on the records at a church meeting held May 16^ 1811, as follows: "2d, Voted to dismisa Bro. Edmund Bryant aa moderator. 3d. Chose Bro. Packer as moderator." At this time Mr. Pack er had been engaged to preach for tho church ono year — and tlius began his pastorate, which continued wiihout interruption till Jan 1, 1846, a period of 35 yeara. Up to this timo (1811) the churcli had enjoy ed a fair measure of prosperity. Additions had from time to time beeu made, till the original number had'heen something more than doubled, and union and harmony prevailed in a good measure. "June 6," 1812, the church met and opened the meeting by "prayer. 1st. Voted to give brother Packer a call to settle with us. 2nd. Voted that Mr. Packer be ordained aa an Evan- gelist ;" and then proceeded to make arrange ments for the ordination. In accordance with the above action of the church the Rev. Daniel Packer was ordained on the 1st day of -July, 1812, by au ecclesiast ical council, of which the Eev. Aaron Leland of Chester was moderator, and Rev. Jonathan Going of Cavendish clerk. The church was at this time enjoying a season of revival, during which some thirty-five were added lo its num bers ; and from this time forth, for many years, asuccess almost unparalleled seemed to attend the labors of Elder Packer. Hardly a regular church-meeting passed without more or less be ing added to the church. During the administration of Elder Packer the church coutinued to increase, till, from its original 30 members, it beoame one of the larg est, if not the largest church of any denomina tion in Vermont. In 1 842, aa appears by the record, the church •numbered 466 members; and this, too, after 42 membera had been dia missed, in 1830, to form a new church at E. Wallingford, and about the aame number to form churchea in the adjoining towna of Plymouth and Shrewabury, in 1833. Several powerful revivals have occurred ; the most remarkable of which were in the years 1817, 1826 and 1832. Duriug that of 1826 nearly 100 persona united with the Baptist church — mauy of them heads of families aud prominent men in town. Elder Packer closed hia labora with the church as pastor. Jan. 1, 1846, and the following June was succeeded by Bev. Joshua Clement, who remained about one year. During his admin istration difflcultlea and divisions sprung up, .which resulted in caUing an ecclesiastical couu- cil, by whose advice he waa dismissed in July, 1847, He, however, remained with the church, and preached most of the time, tiU ntar the close of the year. Bev. Ariel Kendriek supplied the pulpit from January to July, 1848, when Rev. Eichard M. Ely became pastor, and continued such till Ju ly, 1852, when he was dismissed at his own re quest, and removed to Cavendish, and beoame pastor of the church in that place. Rev. Winthrop Morse preached for the church the balance of the year. Eev. Sanford Gustin was the next minister. He began his labors in March, 1853; continued to preach tiU the MT. HOLLY. 849 close ofthe year '54. The church was without a pastor for about 7 months, but was supplied in part by Eev. David Burroughs and Rev. Na thaniel Oudworth. In October, •1855, Rev. Charles Coon became pastor, and remained till January, '59, when he left and became pastor of the church iu Lon donderry, Vt. Rev. T. H. Archibald united with and beoame pastor ofthe church April 9, 1859, and remained till March, '66, when he left to take charge of the ehurch in Bristol, Vt., where he still remains. (1871.) Bev. Stephen Pilsbury beoame pastor of the church iu May, 1866, and remained tiU August, '69, when he tendered his resignation, which was accepted, and he left for the purpose of pursuing a course of study at Newton Theo logical Seminary. During the balance of the year the pulpit was supplied by Rev. G. W. Gates and Bev. A. McLaughUn. Eev. Silas P. Deane began his labors as pastor of the church in May, 1870, aud is the present pastor. (No vember, 1871.) For the last 25 years the number of members has been gradually diminishing. Ita losses by death and removals, &o., have far exceeded its gain by additions. The present number ia less than 200. Edmund Bryant, Ichabod G. Clark, Martin Cole, Isaac Dickerman, Harvey White, John C. Eddy, Jacob Pingrey, (all deceased) Alva Hor ton, Warren Horton, Harvey Livingston and David P. Gibson have officiated as deacons. Simeon Dickerman was the first olerl^ and of ficiated tiU 1828— Daniel Packer from 1828 to '46 — Jacob Pingree from '46 to his death in '64 — Merritt H. Dickerman from '64 to '68 — David P. Gibson from '68 to the present lime. (Nov., 1871.) METHODISTS. No record can be found which gives the ex act date when Methodism waa first introduced here. It Vaa probably between 1 805 and 1 8 1 0. The flrat male members were John Chandler, Clark Haven, William Poland, Joaeph Kinne and othera. For many yeara they had circuit preaching, only on week days — generally on Thursday of each alternate week. Beligious services were, however, generally holden on the Sabbath, with occasional preaching by Jer emiah Clark, resident local preacher, and others. About 1824 the circuit preachers began to preach here on the Sabbath, and have continu ed to do so ever since, on each alternate Sab bath. The first circuit preacher of whom the writer can obtain any account was Eev. John Whilehorn : and, from time to time since, the church has been favored with the labors of many able and talented preachers, among whom may be named such men as John B. Stratton, Buel Goodsell, Tobias Spicer, Cyrus Prindle, John M. Weaver, Joshua and David Poor, John AUey, C. B. Morris, Ira Bentley, J. F. Cham berlain, Hubbard Eastman, and many others. At present this town and Cuttingsville con stitute a station with oue preacher, who preach es at the two places alternately. The society here has never been large in numbers, but it has always maintained a healthy organization, and been strong in the character of its membership. The present preacher in charge is the Rev. Jo seph Enright. QUAKERS. Many years ago there was a small society of Friends, or Quakers, in town, having a small house of worship at MeohaniosviUe, where they held meetings semi-weeklv for about 20 years. It embraced some eight or ten families, but the children generally repudiated their birth-right membership, and not receiving any additions from without, the society became extinct by the death an^ removal of its members, and in 1825 their meetinghotise was converted into a dweU- ing-house. SECOND ADVENTISTS. There was a small church of this order organ ized here about the year 1851. They have a smaU meeting-house, or chapel, at Bowlsville, in which they hold religious worship, generally, once in two weeks. Their preacher has been, for most of the time. Rev. David Boswcrth. The Rev. Messrs. Dow and Bundy have each preached for a short time. At present they have no stated preaching.MEETING-HOUSES. The flrst meeting-house was built in 1815, by the Baptist church. It was an old fashioned two-story house, without steeple — with square pews and spacious gallery — a tall pulpit, with a huge " sounding-board" suspended over it. was well flnished and painted, and altogether (for that day) a very respectable meeting house. It was occupied till 1851, when it was torn dowu and replaced by a neat and tasteful house of modern style, furnished -n'lth a steeple and bell. In 1820 a meeting-house was built at Mechan icsville, in the south part of the town. It was a union house, buUt by the Baptists, Methodists, Congregationalists and Universalists — the Bap- 850 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. tists owning about one half. It waa a large house, with tower and spire, but built in the then prevailing style, with aquare pews, and a gallery on three sides. In its day it was con sidered one of the finest churches in this vi cinity. After it waa finiahed tbe Baptiat meetinga were held alternately at this and the north church, and continue to be so held to the pres ent time. This meeting-house was torn down in 1850, and replaced with a more modern struc ture, which is also furnished wilh a beU. The Adventista, as stated, have a house at BowlviUe, buUt in 1854. The following clergymen have entered tbe ministry from this town, viz : Cyrus Andrus, William Grant, Jared Doolittle, Larkin B. Cole. Harvey Crowley, Joseph H. Crowley, Baptists : Jeremiah Clark, Homer Clark, Jerial Andrews, William Earl and WUliam A. Bryant, Meth odists ; and Royal T. Sawyer, Universalist. PHYSICIANS, The flrat physician who settled in to'wn was Dr. Oliver Gurnsey. He was bom in Wind ham county, and came to Mt. HoUy in 1798. He was a man of good judgment, quick percep lion, and, for a student of those days, well versed in the science of hia profession. He aeemed to possess, in an eminent degree, those pecuUar qualities which qualify a man to be come a successful physician. He at once en tered iuto practice, and soon secured a good ride in this and the adjoining towns. He was unu sually successful in the treatment of the epi demic of 1813, known as the "spotted fever;" and during its prevalence had patients in all the neighboring towns. He was the contempo rary of such phyaiciaua aa Dr. Ezekiel Porter of Eutland, Dr. Samuel Shaw of Castleton, Dr. Hamilton of Wallingford, and Drs. Asaph Fletcher and Isaiah Parker of Cavendish ; and aa a phyaician was conaidered second to none of them. As a surgeon he never attained to eminence, not having devoted any great atten tion to that branch of his profession. He at one time bid fair to become one of the leading physicians in the county ; but unfortunately he became addicted to habits of inlemporance, which destrnyod his usofulness, nnd no doubt shortened his life. He removed fVom this town in 1833, nnd wont to live with his son Dr. L. W. Gurnsey. in Shrewsbury ; and subsqueutly, to another son's (Dr. Oliver Gurnsey, Jr.,) in Cattaraugus county, N. T., where he died in 1838, aged about 62. Dr. Stlvestee Geinnel settled in town, in 1816, and practiced here about 20 years, doing a fair business most of the time. He did not seem, however, to be very much attached to his profession, and always devoted a portion of bis lime and attention lo farming and other pur suits. He was an honest man and a useful citizen. He left tovra in 1836, and removed to the State of Ohio, where he devoted his attenr tion to farming for several years, and afterward removed to Wiaconain, where he died in 1859. Da Alvin McAllister located at Mechan icsville in 1821. He was a briUiant scholar, and weU versed in the literature of hia profea-, sion, but seemed to faU in the practical applica tion of his knowledge, for want of sound, disr criminating judgment. He was, also, essentialr ly laekng in some of those moral traits of char acter n ecesaary to secure public confidence. He- ataid in town tiU 1824, wheu be removed to Queen^ury, N. T., from whence, in 1828, he removed to Utiea, N. T., and thence, a few years later, to parts unknown. Db. Lowell W. Guensey, son of Dr. Oliver Gurnsey, settled at MechanicsviUe in 1825, and remained a little over two yeara, having a fau" practice for a young physician. He removed to the adjoining lown of Shrewsbury in 1827, and beoame a successful practitioner. He died in Shrewsbury in June, 1861, at the age of 61. De. John Crowley flrst offered his profes sional services to the people of Mt. Holly in the fall of 1828. At first his practice was very limited, there being then two other physicians in to'wn, Afiz., Drs. 0. Gurnsey and Grinnel, — and being a native of the town, hia early ex perience afforded a practical illustration of tho proverb, "a prophet is not without honor," &c For two or three ye.ara his professional income was hardly sufficient to meet his current ex penses. The two flrst winters he taught the village school, and visited his patients, (when he had any) in the evening. In summer he oc casionally worked a day for the farmers, in haying time, to obtain the means to meet his necessities, while waiting "for something to turn up." However, having in his nature a goodly degree of hold-on-ativeness, he remained at his post, and his practice gradually increased, and iu time he secured a comfortably remuner-^ ative practice. Since the removal of Dr. Grin nel in 1836, he has beeu for most of the time, and is at preaent, (1871), the only phyaician iu tovi^. Dr. Nelson Coburn located at Mechanics viUe in 1833, aud remained some two years. MT. HOLLT. 851 when, not meetiug' with satisfactory success, he left the town and settled in Marlow, N. H., where he remained some ten years ; when he removed to Niagara counly, N. T., where he still resides. (1871.) De. Merritt C. Edmunds settled at Mechan icsviUe in December, 1858, and remained nearly four years. He was graduaUy gaining the con fldence of the people, abd, had he remained, he would doubtless have secured a fair share of practice. Thinking, however, that a more promising fleld presented itself in the neighbor ing town of Weston, he removed there in Sep tember, 1862, where he stiU resides, in success ful practice. The following are the names of those who, from time to time, have entered the medical profession from this town, viz. : Russell Clark, Miles Clark, Daniel 'White, Darius Shaw, Wm. Gilo, Winthrop Chandler, Hosea Wheeler, liOweU W. Gurnsey, Larkin B. Cole, John Crowley, Seneca Wing, Oliver Gurnsey, Jr., Jesse A. Crowley, Jesse P. Bixby, John L. Eddy, Alonzo E. Horton, Armetus B. Bixby, George J. Crowley, Samuel J. Martin, Alden V. MarshaU. LA'WYEES. The only Lawyer who ever reaided in town was Ira V. Eandall. He was a native of the town, and stayed here about three years after his admission to the bar in 1850. He is now a practicing attorney of considerable note in De kalb, lUinois. TOWN OFPICEES. Stephen Clark was town clerk in 1792, '93, '98, '99 aud 1800 : Simeon Dickerman in 1794, '95 and '96; David Bent, 1797; John Crowley in 1801 to 1811; John Shaw in 1805; Stephen Tucker iu 1811 to '14; Daniel Packer ft-om 1815 to '46; Abijah Cole from 1846 to '65; Hiram Dickerman from 1865 t» '71 ; Aaron W. Cook in 1871. -J town eepresentatives. Abram Jackson 1793, '94 and '98 ; Stephen Clark 1795, '96, '97, '99, 1801 and '07 ; John Shaw 1800 and '02 ; Jedediah Hammond 1803, '01, '05, '06, '14 and '15 ; John Crowley, Sen., 1808 to '14; Nathan T. Sprague 1816, '17, '22 to '25, and '30; Abel Bishop 1818 to '22; Isaac Dickerman 1826 to '30; Marvel Johnson 1831, '32, '33 ; David French 1834 and '35 ; Rufua Crowley 1836 and '37 ; Chauntgr Cook 1838 and '39; John Bryant 1840 and '41; Ruasel Bar ber 1842 ; Dr. John Crowley 1843, '44, '45, '48, '62 and '63; Abijah Cole 1846, '47; Johu Ackley 1849, '50 ; Daniel Packer 1851 ; Alva Pierce 1852, '53 ; John C. Eddy 1854 '55 ; Benj. BUlings 18.56, '68; Leauder Derby 1857, '59; Thomaa Dodge I860, '61 ; Alfred Crowley 1864, '65; Warren Horton 1866, '67; John P. Hos kison 1868, 69; Aaron, W. Cook 1870, '71; Philips E. Chase 1872, '73. DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. Abram Jackson 1793 ; Jedediah Hammond 1814; Abel Biahop 1822 : Nathan T. Sprague 1828; David French 1836; Dr. Johu Crowley 1843; Johu Bryant 1850; PhUip E. Chase 1870. COUNTY OPFICERS. Although always casting a large majority of votes for the dominant party. Ml. Holly has never been much favored with county offices. Dr. John Crowley was elected State senator for the years 1849, '50 and '51, and assistant judge ofthe county court, in 1867 and '68, and is the only man ever elected to any county office from this town. Jedediah Hammond, Chester Spencer and Marrilt H. Dickerman have each held the office of deputy sheriff. PROMINENT MEN, It is proper that some special allusion be made to those men who were instrumental in procur ing the organization of the town, and were prominent in its busineas affairs during its early history. The Clarks were, perhaps, the most prominent in this respect ; but their hiatory is to be' made the subject of another article, by another pen. Abraham Jackson took a leading part in the organization of the town, and in its busi ness affairs for the first few years. He was mod erator of the first town-meeting, and chairman of the first board of selectmen. He was also the firat representative, aud waa twice re-elected to that position — and waa several years a justice of the peace. He removed to western New Tork in 1810. The date of his death ia un- kno'wn. Jedediah Hammond was for many years a leading man iu town. He was for several years conatable and collector, and held varioua other town offices. He was representative 6 years, and a delegate to the constitutional con vention of 1814. He was also a justice of the peace some 16 years. He was a noted " petti fogger;'' and in his best days there were few lawyers in the county who had a larger practice 852 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. before justice courts; in fact there was for years scarcely a juatice trial in thia or the ad joining towna, in which he was not engaged as counsel, on one aido or the other. He waa alao for a time a deputy sheriff. He was holding the latter office in 1813, while James Anthony was conflned in the jail at Rutland, under sen tence of death for the murder of Joseph Green, and was left by Sheriff Barker in charge of the prisoner the night previous to the day set for tbe execution. During the night Anthony committed suicide, tearing out the lining of his coat sleeves, hispiUow-case, &c., to make a rope to hang himself with, and Hammond waa acoua- ed of being in some way accessory to the deed — either by gross negligence, or by actual com plicity with the culprit. The charge, however, was never subatantiated. He died Nov. 20, 1849, aged 83 years. John Crowley, second son of Abraham Crowley, was at an early day called to official positions iu town. He was elected town clerk iu 1801, and held the office 9 yeara — and at different times held every office in the gift of the town, except constable. He waa represent ative 6 years, and a justice of the peace 25 yeara, being first elected to that office in 1802, and holding it by consecutive appointments as long as he lived in town. He removed to St. Lawrence county, N. T., in 1827, and died there Sept. 12, 1840, aged 74 years. He was the father of Dr. John Crowley. Stephen Tucker was a prominent citizen. THE claek family OF MOUNT HOLLY. There were four Clark brothers -H'ho locat ed in tow-n about the same time, the exact date, I am unable to ascertain ; probably about 1788. They came from Connecticut. Stephen was the only one who figured in town ofiices. He wns mainly instrumental in getting the town organized and it is said gave it its name. He was the first town clerk (1792) and re elected several terms. For the number of. years he held the oflice see my paper on Mt. Holly. He was the second re]iresentative and re elected several times as m.ay be also seen by lonaulting my papers, and also ajuatice of the peace several years. Stephen Clark settled on a farm at what is now known as the North Parish, near the Baptist Church, owning all the land in the immodiate vicinity of what is now called North Mt. Holly. His farm has been divided into three farms owned severally by S. H. Ackley, L. A, Colburn and M. Dickerman. The site of the original building, with about 13 acres of land is, owned by David Horton. Ichabod G. Clark, brother of Stephen, was prominent only as a deacon and main pillar of the Baptist Church. I think, I gave a brief notice of him in my paper. The other brothers, Peter and Chauncy were not in any way distinguished. None of the descendanta of Stephen Clark now reside in lown. (dr.) JOHN OEOWiET. FEOM PAPEES OF MES. LYDIA CLAEK MEECH. Stephen Clark and brothers were among the first settlers iu the present town of Mt. Holly. Stephen who was a man of influence among the pioneers of this place and active in helping secure the charter of the town ship, had the honor of conferring upon the town its name, which he did, calling il after Mt. Holly in Connecticut, the place* from which he came when he emigrated to Ver mont. He was a son of Job. Clark of Wal lingford Vt. and married Rachel Jackson of the same town, daughter of Abraham Jack son and sister of William Jackson, the old Dorset, pastor (see history of Jackson family in Dorset vol. I. p. 192). Stephen Clark was a man of good parts and his wife from a fam ily of rare merits and talents, was' a very ca pable woman says Mrs. Meech, "who had abil ity enough to give her children." — They had sons, Lyman, Miles, Eussel, Asahel, Stephen, Orville, Homer ; daughters, Fanny, Orpha and Lorry. — Two or three of the eldest were born iu Connecticut, the others in Mt. Holly Vt. — Stephen Clark prospered at first for a number of years, but at length becoming in volved with or by a Dr. Eugg, became some what discouraged with his reversed circum stances in Mt. Holly, and atill hoping to bet ter his condition by a remove to the young and growing State of Ohio, emigrated thence in the fall of 1815, " travelling in what was then called a Holland purchase wagon, after leaving Eochester, N. Y. southwest through this §tate into Pennsylvania whero they stopped for the winter and in the Spring removed to a place in Ohio, afterwar'S called New Portage. The family at this time" "con sisted says the Eev. Homer, in a letter of 1870, of Stephen Clark and wife, Orville, Homer and two orphan children of a brother of Mr. Clark — a boy, Norman, and a girl, both younger than his children. Miles and Lyman had previously settled in Ohio and awaited the coming of their father and fami ly. Asahel was married aud settled at Glens Falls, N. Y., and Orpha married and settled in Shrewsbury Vt. Fanny — ^Asahel writes MOUNT HOLLY. to Lydia Finney, July 10, 1805, of the re cent death of a sister, probably her. Mrs. Meech says Fanuy was married and died with the spotted fever or an epidemic, one week from the day of her marriage. Mrs. Meech, also, says her husband's youngest sis ter Laura (or Lorry as spelled in all the old letters) came to live with Asahel and her after they went to housekeeping in 1808 or 1809, and was wilh them when her parents removed lo Ohio. They commenced life in this new country (says Eev. Homer) by clearing the laud, building log houses at first, which afterwards gave place lo large frame buildings, into the labor of all which, Orville entered and was constantly employed with the same energy of character that conspicuously adhered lo him through life." New Portage, Jan. 23d 1818. * * * * Father's situation and proapeols are such as to be very gratifying lo those who have known him in better daya and iu more recent trying circumstances .... I have no doubts three or four years will place him agaiu in easy circumstances. Miles is doing belter than I ever knew him. The Society in this pain of the State is made up of the best part of the Yankee emigration — far bet ter than the Holland Purchase. But the Yankee population does not so much predom inate in other parts of the State." — Lyman Claek. From an old " circular letter " of Miles, 9 J pages foolscap, to his brothers, Eussel, Orville and Lyman. April 20th, 1818. Warren, Tenth Town in the first Eange, Batavia, P. 0. " I have purchased a farm on which there have been some little improvements and I shall raise, if the last part of the season be good, probably two or three hundred buabela of grain. I have chopped about five or aix acres of lumber and heaped the bruah, which I intend to sow to wheat before I return iu October. I bought Johnaon Clark's farm. He occupies half the farm this year— from which V7e shall raise 500 or 600 bushels of grain this year. My calculation is to erect a potash this Summer as here is au excellent place to collect ashes, as there are no buyers and a fine chance to procure plenty at six cents a bushel ; and there are no stores with in 12 miles. If I can any way gel a fev,- foods this Winter, what then ; I have aome opes of negotiating some such alliance." New Poetaqe, Sept. 20th, 1818. Dear Brother .... I have been at this place a week .... I have exam ined the head waters of the Tuscarora river and those of the Cayuhaga Lake to see as to the probability of connecting the two waters together . . . $25,000 will be an ample sum lo make good navigation from the Tus carora to Lake Erie .... I have bought of Miles one of the finest farms in this country .... I give him $12, per acre — It is a beautiful farm. . . . Lyman has gone to St. Mary's to attend the Indian treaty, and 1 have uot seen him, but I am told the law business is good — I was told by respectable men at Talmage to-day, that if you had been in this cqijntry two years ago, you might now have been a member of the Senate. Miles is a pretty big man here — has made mouey. He sold my mill-seat for $200, cash in hand ; has disappointed us very much; the privilege was worth $1000, the least cal culation, but I have got another and a work man brSughl wilh me from Buffalo now waiting to begin the work. We shall have a saw-mill going this Fall. Father is well pleased with the country and gaining a little property. He lives in a miserable log-house but he is in hopes of a better." Eussel Claek. " to Asahel Claek." letter op siepheh claek. (^The only letter known to be extant of the first setilers in Mt. Holly.) • Portage Ohio, Jan'y 7th, 1820. Dear Son : We have been wanting with great anxiety for a long time to here from Glen's Falls we have not heard oue word from any one since I believe iu July, al that time Eussell wrote that he should be in New York the 10th of Sept. to receive his monny from goverment then he should be directly iu Ohio, we have nol had one word since we fear that some misfortune has taken place. We have had two letters since that from Orpha. She tells us she knows nothing of you, had aome Expecta tion in the fore part of the aeason of seeing you and Levy * iu this country, but that we must forever give up. I have nothing to write that is of much consequence at this time we enjoy a comfortable measure of health except Lyman ; he is quite unwell ; is threatened with a fever but I hope it will not prove dangerous. It is very healthy in geuneral the Doct. has been gone two or three weeks lo Columbus the seat of this goverment to try for a County seal al this place and we know not the result as yet but we think there is a good prospect — our season has been good crops cajne in well. We raised upwards of 500 bushell of corn and a comfortable supply of wheat the winter is mild and the snow has not been shoe deep. There 'is much complaint of hard times and it is truly so. There is no mouny sliring of consequence there is none lo be got — our *Col. Levi Finney, who marriecl Stephen Clark's daughter, Orpha. 854 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. clothing comes very dear by reason of few merchants and they ask what the, please and hard paying as there is no moony. Leather is also very dear and hard to be got. I was in hope that Russell would come on here and bring some cloth. Woolliug or factory cloth will fetch almost any price — We are as well sated wilh the country as ever and have done as well as can be expected aud bel ter considering our curcumstance when we got here it ia true we are some put to it for Uloathing as we have no sheep and they are hard lo be got but we hope for the beat — or- vill aud Lorry are teaching school for the winter homer and Norman goes to school so that your maum has no help al all — I want you lo write I feel very anxious lo know what your prospects are and how you are Like to git along we think hard that you have not written us since we Left the state of New york but we make greate alowance .consider ing your trouble and disapointments'* ball hope you will take time and write I want to here once more from Doct. Eugg I wrote him last summer and I wrote very plane and De- aired him to write me agane but I have Re ceived no answer had he had the feelings of a man, he could uot have used me as he did last winter could he look into our little hut and see our circumstance when he is sittin in his Room and seeing his furnture, then vew us aud conaider how much he haa been the means of much of our distress how much 1 have paid for him which has bfeeu the means of his living in stile and out of trouble and what little amends he has made me how he told me last .winter after 1 had traviled 6 or 7 hundred miles and wated mauy days in hope of a little help to tell me 1 might as well talk to a stone as to him I must confess I thought it more inhuman than a savage I think him to have lost all kind of human feeling and all obligation I must leave for the more I refiect the more inhuman it apears I am willing he should see these lines. Remember us to the Doct. family tell the children to write to Mr. Ranger and family the kiness he shew me I cannot forgit — when I look back to Shrewsbury think how I part ed with Orpha aud Lidia aud the little chil dren what little prospect of ever seeing them more il will bring leers but. Son, I must leave. Eemember your kind parent. Stephen Claek. Jan'y Sth this Morning is like a Spring Morning you must excuse my writing as it was wrote late at Night and no way to mend my pen."f LrMAN — first sou of Stephen Clark^a law yer by profession, died at New Portage Ohio, May 20, 1826, unmarried. By nature a man ¦*¦ Asahol hud his hotiso at Glen's Falls, with nearly all ita contents burned a short time before. -fThe above letter is written in very fair busineas hand for an old man. l of large talent, manly beauty and elegant manners, highly educated — his brother. Gen. Orville, said of him. " He was the most learned, man I ever knew." Milea in one of hia family lettera writes of brother Lyman's narcotic good-nature. Fatally hia very social felicity — hia profeaaion led him to associ ate but too freely with thoae who loved the circling glaas. For several years he struggled and yielded — grew morbid with himself. A letter to Asahel commences, "I do not know as you will care to hear any more from so worthless a brother " ends — " I remember Sister Lydia and my other Sisters with mel ancholy pleasure — forgive — L. Claek." Allies again writes. " Brother Lyman waa found dead yeslarday morning at a house oc cupied by Dr. Eoberts and myself, we being absent from home at the time, a considerable distance. He undoubtedly died in one of those fits to which he has been subject after extreme intemperance. ... A Better heart, a sounder head was hardly to be found in any family, nor a more unfortunate man has come within my observation." A fall that has occurred to -many of our most promising men — in oar best old families at some time — often covered in history — but has been. Miles built the old turnpike in Fair Hav en before he moved to Ohio. He coutinued to live at New Portage. — A successful, much re spected citizen, staMe, temperate and religious, engaged in many important works and useful improvements in the new settlement in addi tion to the duties of his professiou as a phy sician until his death. He was born in 1780 and died in 1827. He married his wife in .Mt. Holly. They had one son and several daughters. Mrs. Miles Clark died suddenly (leaving an infant daughter) in 1825. DE. EUSSELL OLAEK. * OBlTUARYfrom the Sandy Hill Herald. Died, at his residence near this village. May 30, 1849, Dr. Eussell Clark, aged H! years. He was born in Vermont, pursued Ilia preliminary atudiea there, completed his professional education in Philadelphia, and removed to this place some forty years ago. He was a skillful physician — among the very first in northern New York, and devoted the best energies of his life lo his profession, iu a wider range of practice than usually falls to the country physician. Always ou • By the Hon. Charles Rogers, son in law of Dr. Clark MOUNT HOLLY. 855 the alert, the poor pat. ent was visited with the same alacrity as the rich. No fervor of summer's heat, no sweeping of the savage tempest through the gorges of the mountains of Warren the serverest winter day ever ar rested his progress to the bedside of suffer ing. All hours of night and day — for nights and days in long succession, has he traversed the broad extent of Washington and the wildest of the most desolate quarters of the adjoining County of Warren. His nature was all sympathy and kindness, his heart was a stringed instrument, vibrating to the best impulses of our nature. A generous act, a noble deed swejit over it iu melting soft ness ; no act of luhuinanity or baseness was heard along its chords, lie belonged to a femily celebrated lor talent, one that has il lustrated the learned profession by ttie splen dor of tneir genius. Death has made great gaps in that lamily of brothers. Their re mains lie scattered in different states, but their lives, though divergent, have been united in tbe memories of uieir boyhood and the affections of riper years ; and we trust the grave is but the portal to a union eternal. EossELL Clark was born in Wallingsford, Ct. * 1782 ; married Aurra, daughter of Capt. Seth Wheeler of Sudbury, Vt Chil dren, a son. Dr. Erskin G. Clark, now liv ing at Sandy Hill, Wash. Co., N. Y. and a daughter, Mrs. Susan A. (Clark) Eogers, now living at the same place — widow of the late Uou. Charles Eogers. Dr. Eussell Clark used lo write popular whig songs. The following is chorus to one of Harrison's tunes, sung to the tune of " The Gimpbells are coming." Hurrah 1 for the Hero that lives at North Bend, The farmer and statesman and poor man's friend, We like him in war and we like him in peace, They like him out West and we like him down East. ASAHEL CLAEK. Born iu Ml. Holly 1784 ; graduated at Middlebury College in 1807; studied law with Mr. Shepherd of Granville N. Y., after wards of Vergennes, Vt. ; married lo Lydia Finney of Shrewsbury in 1806 ; Childrea : Nelson Napoleon, born at Shrewsbury, Vt., and De Will Clinton, born at Granville N. Y.; He practised as a lawyer at Gran viUe and Glens Falls, N. Y.; died at Glens Falls, in 1822. His widow married iu the fall of 1826, Hon. Ezra Meech, then member of Congress, who died in the fall of 1856 ; and Mrs. Meech, May, 1857, removed to Burlington where she now lives aged 88 years. •)¦ Nel * Says his daughter, Mrs. Rogera. t See biography in Shrewsbury papers. son N. graduated at West Point ; entered the United Slates Army; wounded in a duel, died, aged 24. '* (D W. C. C. (Gen.) lawyer, editor, confidential clerk of the U. S. Senate, died at Burlington, Aug. 1870. A further account of whom may be expected iu a sup plement to Burlington in the IV. volume of this work. Asahel Clark stood high in College ; dur ing his last year, desirous of comsummating his marriage wiih Miss Lydia Finney to whom he had been some years engaged, he thought, as it appears by an old letter from Gov. Israel Smith, then a member of Con gress, of a clerkship at Washington. " City of Washington, March 16, 1806. Dear Sir: Your letter dated the 27 of Feb'y is re ceived I will attend lo your request aud endeavour lo procure for you a clerkship duriug the next session of Congress, the com pensation of which will be sufficient to de- tray your expenses to and residence at Wash ington during that time. I can only prom ise you my best endeavours in this business but cannot give assurances of success. There are a great number of perscins constantly looking out for vacancies. % ' When you see your beloved Lydia you must inake my respects to her for 1 think of her as you do, that ahe ia a charming girl and will make you an excellent wife. Youra sincerely, Iseael Smith." Mra. Meech says when Mr. Clark found that a clerkship would only support himself he abandoned the idea, and made arrange ments to enter at once, after graduating, up on the study of his professiou. He deliv ered the oration at the dedication of the Gran viUe Academy in 1809 ; was a popular 4th of July orator, an able speaker at political conventions, took an early aud leading part in politics, was a republican and free mason, aud held a Major's commission in the regi ments of the Hudson in 1812-14. Plattsburgh, Aug., 14, 1812. My Dear Lydia : I wrote you from Albany, on Sunday last, giving a detailed account of my tear with the British Adjutant General and the result of our interview with Gen Dearborne, to wit a suspension of hostilities for the present, which letter I presume you have Eec'd before this. I returned in the remark able quick passage of a day & half from Albany. Nothing new has occurred since my return except I am this moment informed that another i)'lag of Truce has arrived on • See Finney Family in History of Shrewsbury. 856 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. our lines with dispatches but of what nature I aro not informed. On my return I found the shirts you have so kindly forwarded to mo, '* and the two letters you have still more kindly writ ten me. I am grateful to you. My Dear, and to heaven, the source of blessings, tor all your kindness heretofore, but especially for your kind and afl'ectionate remembrance aud attention at tho present moment — en gaged in employments, to me entirely new, and uncongenial with those sympathies which more or less govern me, I feel my hours of leisure hang heavily on my hands. The Bearer, a soldier who goes home, has this moment called for the letter and is im patient. Adieu My Love. Your unchangeable Claek. My Dear (Lydia. Plattsburgh, Oct. 30, 1812. My Dear Lydia : I take the earliest opportunity which has presented to inform you of my arrival here after a tedious aud very ill provided passage of 4 days ou the Lake. Indeed the last night we were out it was doubtful for several hours what would be the fate of the Vessel and consequently of us. Capt. Toby aid to Gen. Chandler, and myself, worked on deck most of the night, without hats lor the wind blew so h#rd we could not wear them. We yet remain here and when we shall be permitted to go to Champlain I clnuot tell. Gen'l Bloomfield refuses to let us go as yet, assigning as a reason that if Gen'l Pettit moves on, his approach will alarm the Enemy. Arrangements are evidently mak ing to have a little fighting done soon. 1 send this by Capt. Yale who goes to Al bany with the Prisoners, taken the 23d inst by Maj. Young at St. Eegis. it was a bril liant little enterprise for our Militia, and we feel a little proud that the first stand of Colors taken during the war has been taken by a Detachment of our Brigade. The whole No. of Prisoners taken was 40 including 2 Capts. 1 Lieut. One Ensign was killed, poor fellow. A considerable quantity of milita ry stores were taken. I intended to have * lie always wore the grand old ruffled shirt ruffles, aflngui-H-width from tho throat down tbo bosom-lyngth, elegantly jilultod and laid over buck, which tho care ful young wife liovor suO'erod uny othor ft.igors but her own to iron aud plato. He dressed with scrupulous care, was a man of distitiguisliod handsome manuers ; a gentloniaii who was tho warm und Intiuiato friond of Gov. Clinton, notud for his personal elogauco and pol ished conversation. Tho Governor uot uul'requondy dinod at tho table of Mr. Clark, his fair Lydia presiding an hustoHS. Mra. Mooch has an oil painting of Mr. C. which shows a flue head and couutenance, but said uot to equal the subject. An elderly gentlomnu, a couain of Madam, gazing ut it once with me, exclaimed, rais ing his hands emphatically. Ah 1 but it does not look aswoll, Ue wus tbo flnest looking man— the hand somest muQ, 1 oversaw. written you from '* W Hall and sent the flan nel you mentioned, but Wing went off with out my knowing it and carried off my Buf- faloe skin which I meant to have brought with me as I have no bedding of any kind. I cannot now calculate with certaiaty what time I shall be able lo go home. The Paymaster has nol yet returned from Albany but is daily expected. I hope my dear, you will bave somebody see a little to the divid ing that corn when harvested. I hope Mr. Hanger will not neglect to do the work lo the barn. If he should I wish you my Dear to speak lo him on thesubject. I borrowed 5 pounds of nails from Sam. Skinner which I forgot to replace. I wish they might be got of Farr and paid. Now my Love, I believe I have put tasks enough, upon you lo suffice till my return. Do my Dear write me every chance. Tell Nelson & DeWitt to be good Boys. Adieu My Love. Heaven bless you. A. Claek. Capt. Yale is waiting. My Dear Lydia. City of Washington, Monday, March 9, 18 — . My Ever Dear Wife : Yoa will undoubtedly be surprised on receiving a letter from me of this date at this place (ll you are so fortunate as to receive it) but after what has taken place since I lett home, nothing ought to surprise us now adays. The delay of the Vice Presidents arrival kept me here in suspense 10 days , without being able to do anything, expect ing him daily. But from my interviews with the Secretary of War, I had no doubt that the Statements the V. President would make on his arrival would produce an imme diate adjustment of my claim without au application to Congress. So thought tho Vice Pres't and other Gentlemen here, ac quainted with such business ; and so 1 have not the least doubt would have been the fact bad it not been for that ridiculous and at the same time infamous publication in New York, in which I am introduced to the Administration at Washington as being so important a character as to be at the head of a grand national plot to blow up the present Government and place Mr. Clinton at the ' helm. It was like the breaking out of a Volcano on Capitol Hill. I dout know that the Presi dent or Heads of departments actually kept within doors to avoid immediate distruction, when they found the Grand Conspirator was within the City ; but it was a day of dark faces ; t'was like the discovery of some pow der plot. I confess I was never so much sur prised as I was to see myself thus suddenly at tacked ou so large a scale and connected with the mau, who ol all others is the most dread ed here, as his prime Minister ia this great work of overturning the Government. I could not but foresee the result in the suspen sion of my business until the publio mind ? 'Whitehall. MOUNT HOLLY. 857 could be set right by being undeceived, which is I believe now effectually done, and instead of its having the effect, eventually, which was intended either to injure me or Mr. Clin ton, it must result in the disgrace of that infamous, base and wicked faction in N York which has some of its creatures very uear us, who I shall uot be surprised to find the Au thors of that vile fabrication, and if I do it will be a day of sad accountability to tbem. They will not find me standing alone in un equal contest with their damnable machina tions. You will pardon my Saying so much ou this subject, My Dear, and think what must be my feelings lo be kept here ao much longer than you or I expected when we parted, the suspense of my business, aud my painful anxiety about you from my pro tracted absence, waiting from day to day for something satisfactory to write and hoping tomorrow would produce it, have combined, I believe, to make me as unhappy as I ever deserved to be iu this world. Nothing but my occasional wrath and the high notice of some important Friends here has mterrupted my melancholy for a fortnight. But I'll say no more, twill all be over shortly. Iam under great obligations to the Vice President for the interest he has taken in my behalf ; il haa beeu more than I could have expected. My claim for indemnifica tion against the Hudson Eegiments is now before the Senate and the Chairman has just told nie I shall have a good report in the morning and the V. P. assures me it shall be acted on immediately. This is the first moment I have been able lo write you any thing to be depended ou such has beeu the strange state of things. I have settled my old account against the Government and got my money, about f 200.00 and were it not for my distressing delay, I should have nothing to regret on the journey. I will write to Whitley day-after to-morrow, by which I hope to inform when I return. I enclose you $ 20. and send this under cover to Alpheus Doty, uot daring to trust to G. Falls P. Office. Pa's love to DeWitt. I hope he is a good boy. Adieu, My Love, God Bless and make you more happy than, in hia absence from you, your affectionate Husband can be. Mrs. L. Clark. Asahel Claek. Compl'ts to Capt. Powers & Wife & Whit. Love to Julia. Major Clark received a land warrant for services in 1812. In July, 1820, he visited his parents aud family iu Ohio. He writes back lo his wife : " Father is actually in better circumstances than I ever knew him since my remembrance. Miles is said to be getting rich and I think it is so. Eussell's farm here, aside from all his other lands is quite a little fortune. The country is fruitful to abundance, but you are asking in your mind what are you going to do ? have you got Ohio mad ? I cannot tell you yes, my Dear * '* (His family had been trying to draw him to Ohio to seltle, as a great place for a young and talented lawyer to rise in.) Mother, Lorry and all the rest cross this letter with their love— God bless and protect you my dearest Lydia. A. Claek.'' His wedlock was oue of those olden aud most beautiful of love-marriages. Dear, aged Madam Meech always speaks of him as a husband of unalterable aud unequalled affec tions ; in very pleasant proof of it, she haa the loveliest package of love-letters before and after marriage, that we have ever turned over. Mr. Clark did not need a new country to help him to rise in. He was already too em inent al the Bar in the Stale of New York, too popular in politics in Warren County, lo render a remove even lo Ohio, prospectively more attractive. Many years after he was in his grave his son, while pursuing his law studies, writes lo his mother : " Judge Davis (in whose office I am) did not know until this evening that I was the son of Asahel Clark. In the coarse of a conversation with him this evening, I asked him if he knew father ? He said uo ; but on learning that Asahel Clark was the man, he was in an ecstaoy of astonishment. He immediately says to me : " Asahel Clark was tbe most eloquent man, I ever, in the whole coarse of^my life knew, by far. He was infinitely above competition." I have seen (said JudgeD.) Judge Dwight sit with hia mouth open for an hour, on the bench, com pletely carried away by your father's elo quence. He then told me a, number of an ecdotes of him, ending by pronouncing him in elocution the first man in the State of New York. He then said to me : Clark, have you any of your father's eloqueuce ? If you have you have got a fortune. Thus it is that law yers, who kuew my father, speak of him to me ; in a manner which a son most loves to hear, and makes me prouder of him dead than of all the honor and consideration, I have ever hoped to attain." We have au old printed address, as early aa 1816 — one large aheet, four columns. " ADDEESS To the Eleoioes oe Waeeen Countt." Closing paragraph ; " Finally, Fellow Cit izens, the Candidates are before you, their 858 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. characters are open lo your inspection. If you are captivated with the splendid luisery which follows in the train of " legitimate kings " vote for its admirers. If you wish lo see the barriers of your coun try broken down before an invading enemy, vote for their apologists and abettors. But, if you wish to reward the Veteran for his toils — the Patriot for his labors, and see the Institutions of your country perpetuated to your cliildren, vote for the Eepublican Candidates. April 27th, 1816. Asahel Claek.'' Mr. Clark, the summer or fall of his death, was promised by the leaders of his party, the nomination for Member of Congress. The caucus was warned. Mr. Eogers, anoth er noted lawyer, while pledged to Clark, 'worked secretly for himself. Mr. Clark, by his faithful wife,* who with a woman's in stinct distrusted the ally, and by others was warned. It was never in the nature of a Clark to doubt a man that proffered friend ship ; and from his popularity, talents and friends enlisted he had no reason to ex pect anything but success when he fell sick — but for a few days apparently — from overwork. Eogera seeing an opportunity rallied his supporters, secretly, (lo Mr. Clark's party) got up a caucus just twenty- four hours ahead of the caucus appointed to nominate Clark, and got out the nomination for himself. "It struck," says our authority* " like a thunderbolt" in the county — friends iu hosts, flocked to Clark. " The nomina tion was illegal." " A warning should be out at once and the whole county rallied — the Eogera nomination called and tried, and Clark yet should go ;" so his numerous friends assured him, pressing to his sick room. But tho disappointment in Eogers — in a friend and politician of his own par ty — the excitement from the cause and press of excited friends to his room was too much. " No ;" he said " it shall not bo." " Let him go.'' Typhus fever succeeded rapidly. Ho died within a week. He was first in terred at Glens Falls — lator his ashes were removed to the burial-lot of his brother. Dr. Eussell Clark, in the village of Sandy Hill, N. Y. Stephen, 5lh sou of Stephen Clark, died while in Middlebury, Vt. (where he had en tered college) iu 1804, aged about fifteen. * Mrs. Meech. GES. OEVILLE CLABK. bte. d. baser. i * Soon after his advent to Sandy Hill, Mr. Clark, by his natural suavity of manner and general gentlemanly deportment, won the respect of not only the young men of his own age, but of the public generally. That enterprise and love of the beautiful, which were characteristics of his whole life, were early developed. A neglected dwelling, or a filthy street, he could never tolerate, and all, that departed from the atrictesl rules of cleanliness and propriety were sure lo meet with unrestricted condemnation al his hands. He waa soou admitted lo practice in what was then known as the County Court, presi ded over, by those afterwards eminent jurists, Walworth, Willard, Cowen and others, whose names are identified with the jurisprudence of our Counly, and the Stale, which was honored by their legal lore. Soou after he was admitted to the County bar, Mr. Clark was engaged iu a trial which created great interest in the entire community, which to gether with the fad that it was his first ef fort, attracted a crowd to the court-room. He had proceeded but a little way in the trial when all became convinced of the wisdom of his client in selecting the young lawyer to manage his cause. The address to the jury astonished not only his friends, but drew up on him the encomiums of the older members of the bar, many of whom had few peers and few equals in the State. From this Mr. Clark rose rapidly in his profession, and was not long in placing himself side by side with the veteran practitioners of the day, and not many years elapsed before, with common consent, he look his stand at the head of the bar in the County, and his fame as a lawyer brought him clients from almost every sec tion of the State. At an early dale Mr. C. evinced a military talent which soon attracted the attention of the public and by the voice of the people he was placed in one position after another uu til the highest military honor was conferred upon him by his appointment as Maj. Gen'l. His love for the military soon diverted his attention from his profession to a certain de gree, but it was not until after many years that he abandoned that profession, which * Former Editor of tho Sandy Hill Herald— tt poUtical and personal fViend of the General. MOUNT HOLLY. 859 his talents so eminently fitted him to adorn, for renewed activity in other branches of business. It was not to be expected that, one gifted as Gen'l C. could long escape the notice of the political party wilh which he affiliated. His political addresses were plain, convinc ing, argumentative and truly eloquent. From his first advent as a public speaker until the lime of his death, Gen'l C. took au active part in every important political campaign. Ho was a great favorite with his party but if possible a greater favorite with the mass es, with whom he had a greater influence than almoat any other mau. When his popularity was approaching its zenith, by the unanimous voice of his party Gen'l C. was nominated for State Senator, al a time when the 4th Senatorial District com prised one eighth of the State. He was elect ed by the largest majority ever given to any candidate iu the district; Soon after enter ing upon his duties asSenatior, he beoame pit- te.l against the late Samuel Young, one of "the most eminent statesmen of his day. Al though Gen'l C. and Col. Young belonged to the same political party, the divisions in the party placed t'hem in antagonism, and the friends of both gentlemen looked forward. with interest to the time wheu they should meet to contend for the mastery, and when it was known that Gen'l C. was to address the senate every nook aud corner were filled to reiiletion, and it is no exaggeration lo say that a more masterly forensic effort was never listened to in the State. The New York Herald, in alluding lo the speech, said- "The statesmanship and oratory of the Senate of the United States have come down to the Senate of New York '' — Suffice it to say Gen'l C's. victory was complete, and the " Lion of the Senate " was forced to yield the peerage to his comparatively youth ful Competitor. With such a reputation, Gen'l 0. soon attracted the attention of the leading members of his party, and had his ambition been equal to his talents he might bave v/on any position iu the gift of the peo ple of the Empire State, bat his active hab its led him iuto the mors practical busiuess of life, in which he was at times eminently successful and at others unfortunate, but from the latter he would rise to renewed exer tion and. success. At the expiration of his senatorial term. Gen'l C. turned his attention to rail-road matters. It was mainly through his efforts that a bill was passed through the New York legislature aulhoriziag the New York Cen tral Eail-Eoad to take slock in the Great Western Eailway of Canada, which hastened the building of that important link in our great western thoroughfare. With the late Gov. Paine, Gen'l C survey ed a route through Texas, for a road which if completed would have beeu the main line of the Southern Pacific i Eail-Eoad. Through the apathy of northern capitalists and the unsettled stale of the money market nothing more was done than to attract attention to what must eventually be the only sure and secure route from the Mississippi to the (Pacific ocean.* From Texas Gen'l C. went to Iowa to take charge of the improvement of the Des Moines river. Good and bad fortune alternated with him until death put an end to his active life. Had he possessed an inordinate love of mon ey he might have amassed a fortune ; but he was liberal lo a fault and seemed to care nothing for money save obtaining it, and wheu obtained it was free to all who sought it. The poor never asked in vain, and so long as he had, it was freely given. ' He had but two children, a son and a daughter ; the latter dying at the age of 26. Her deatli cast a blight upon the future life of the doting father ; he mourned for her and would not be comforted. As a citizen few men ever numbered more personal friends. His refined and elegant taste beautified all with which he came in contact, and the beautitul village of Sandy- Hill still bears, and will for years to come, bear the impress of his cultivated taste. The sudden death of Gen'l Clark while on business at Fort Des Moines, Iowa, spread a gloom over the whole community. His fu neral was attended by a large concourse of citizens assembled from the towns and villages adjacent. Il was truly a day of mourning, and the memory of the lamented dead will long remain green in the hearts of those who knew and loved him. " Died — At DesMoines, the capital of Iowa, Gen. Orville OlarK, of the village of Sandy- * There is a vast deal more of information in the let- tors of D. W. C. Clark in regard to the Texas R. R. bus iness, and work don£ there than given here, which we reserve for the promised paper on Gen. D. W. 0. Clark. Ed. 860 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZIN:;. Hill, Washington County, N. Y., on the 19th of March, 1862, of congestion of the lungs, aged 61 years." The above announcement by Telegraph . . A cheerful face, a gladsome presence, an animated and useful citizen has disappeared from among us. The untiring advocate of village improvement, the beautifier of the waste places, the adorner of ne^ected locali ties. To him a tree in full verdure was a liv ing presence, a shrub or flower a thing of beauty, and he has done more than any other man to scatter through our streets their afflu ence of summer garniture. For long years he has moved among us the vitalizing and energetic principal of every active enterprise. His heart was the gushing lountain of all kindly feeling — his friendships were un changeable — his hand open as day to melt ing charity — his benevolence measured by his wishes would have embraced the world. Gen. Clark was indeed a remarkable man. With lew advantages of early education, lit tle or no classical attainmeuts, by persever ance and self culture he ripened into respect able scholarship. He entered the profession of the Law, and in a short period worked himself up to a prominent position, and stood at one time among the leading men of the profession in Northern New York. He was a good advocate and addressed juries with great power and success, and there lay his strength. He was returned to the Senate of this State in '43 and theu and there became a leader of one of the Democratic sections. He ni. untamed through his vvhole Senatorial career a reputation lor talents, skill aud adroitness which gave him great influence. lie IS the last but one of that noble band cf brothers — tho sons of Stephen Clark. He had his laults — who has them not ? Perfect purity aud entire jjerlection exist uot on this earth. Ue had his faults, but they were dwarfed by the magnitude of his vir tues, and lust sight of and forgotten iii the bioad lustre of his good deed.s. Of all the public men that old Washington has pro duced there is nuL oue whose life embraced a wider cu'ele of devoted friends, or whuse ineiiiury will be cherished longer ; and among all of tier hunored names, there will be none enshriued higher in tho all'uclions of the people than that of Orville Clark. C. EOGEK.S. "Orville Clark" (writes, the Eev Homer, in IsyOj "was born in .\lt. Holly, Vt. in June 1801. He removed in 1815, with his parents to Ohio. They stopped on the way, through the winter, at Oil Creek, Pa., where Orville taught the winter school." Thisyoungsshool- master of 14J years " finding no difficulty in governing his school with large scholars much older than himself; the only scholar* who resisted his authority being his younger brother. Homer, and Norman, an orphan nephew who lived with his parents.'' There were no advantages for education in that new country (then Portage, Ohio, where his father settled) but "he wa^ most fortunate in having a superior instructor in his brother Lyman, who was an elegant and accomjilish- ed scholar of fine literary tastes, extensive reading and a general knowledge of men aud the affairs of the country and of life." " After the death of his parents, lu 1822, he left Ohio, went to Glen Falls, N. Y., and commenced the study of law with Messrs. Bruce & Hay. I think he could not have re mained more than one year when he entered Mr. Weston's office at Sandy Hill, with whom he completed his studies of seven years, which was then the time required, and entered into a partnership with him, which continued while jlr. We-ioa remained in the practice of law. ilr. Baker knows what his reputation was as a lawv'er, politician, public speaker ; active in all business operations, a leading conser vative legislator, a far-seeing comprehensive mmd, refined, with cultivated intellect, and kind, generous nature." He married Delia, daughter of Hon. Hen ry C. Martindale of Washington Co., N. Y. They had a son (Asaliel) and daughter (Minnie, or Alinerv.!). Tue sou is now liv ing at Sandy Hill, N. Y. From a letter of D. W. C. Clark (Gen.) then at Brandon, it appears Gen. Orville had a little dip into the Canadian Eebellion. He went at least by way of Burlington into Canada to offer his sympathy and aid. "EEV HOMEE J. CLAEK, D. D., one of the ministers of the Pittsburg Con ference, now in session in this place* was born at Mt. Holly, Vt. Dec. 15, 1803. When he was 12 years old his parents removed to New Portage, then included in Medina Co., Ohio. They were members of the Congre gational church, in which faith he was care fully educated, and so decided was the influ- * Sandy mil, N. Y. MOUNT HOLLY. 861 ence ot his early training, that, at the age of eight years, he experienced renewing grace. In his 17th year he was united to the M. E. Church, two years afterwards he was li censed to preach, and the next year entered the Ohio Conference. At the close of his first year in the itiner ancy, he took a located relation for the pur pose of attending college, and accordingly entered the Ohio University, where he pur sued bis studies with great diligence and suc cess, and was graduated in 1829. Being re admitted into the Ohio Conference, he was transferred to the Pittsburg Conference and stationed iu the city of Pittsburg, and the next year was elected Professor of Mathemat ics in Madison College, having also charge of the Methodist Society in Uniontown, the seat of the College. In 1831, he commenced ne gotiations with the trustees of Alleghany College, then under the patronage of the Presbyterian Church, which resulted in the transfer of that institution to the M. E. Church, under whose direction it has since had aflourishing and highly successful career. After preaching one year in Steubenville, Ohio, he was elected to the vice presidency of Alleghany College, and in 1836 elected, president. He continued in this office until 1847, when in consequence of ill health, he resigned and entered upon a superannuated relation for three years. In 1850, having recovered his health, he was appointed lo Alleghany City, and the next year to Pittsburgh. In 1852, he was elected editor of the " Pittsburgh Christian Advocate," and the term expiring in 1856, he was elected Presiding Elder of Pittsburgh District, which position he held until 1860, when he was appointed to his present field of labor — Steubenville District. He receiv ed the degree of D. D. from Transylvania University in 1837. In the various relations which he haa sustained to the church, as an educator, and aa an executive ofiicer and preacher, he has for many years shown him self eminently trustworthy, invariably com petent and abundantly successful. [Sandy Hill Herald.] ^ Eev. Homer Clark has been twice married; children : one son and several daughters. He is still living, (July, 1874) at Orville, Ohio, and reposes in his green old age in the fame of having beeu au eloquent Methodist preacher. D. W. C. Clark writes to his mother, after 1822, from Sandy Hill, of the death of Eli jah Clark, and iu 1826, mentions also the widow of Elijah Clark aa being or residing there. Elijah Clark (Mrs. Meech says) was an uncle of her husband (Asahel) brother of Stephen, hia father, and that he had also another uncle, Timothy Clark, residing in that section of the country, and it was his family that first drew the family of Stephen Clark that way. We would also acknowledge indebtedne.sa in these papers lo Mrs. Delia M. Clark, and Mrs. Susan A. (Clark) Eogers of Sandy Hill, N. Y., and to Mrs. W. H. Barker, of Burling ton, Vt., granddaughters of Stephen Clark. — Ed. Stephen Tuokee was a prominent citizen. He was town clerk 4 years, and held many other positions of trust and honor. He was 12 years a justice of the peace, and was holding that office at the lime of his death. He was an honest man, and an upright magiatrate. He died Dec. 26, 1828, aged 64 years. Dea. Edmukb Betant was one of the solid, substantial men of the lown in its early days. He never sought political preferment, but rath er shunned it; and yet he was often called to fill positions of responsibility in town affairs. He was most prominent in religious matters, and devoted his energies mainly to the interest of the Baptist church. He was ono of ita originators, its first presiding oflSoer and its first deacon, and, through life, one of its main sup ports. He died Dec. 19, 1839, honored and re spected by the entire community, aged 71 years. Dea. Isaac Dickeeman was many years a leading citizen of the town. Of him it may be safely said, no man ever enjoyed, iu a greater degree, the respect and confidence of the peo ple. He was for many years a deacon and one of the main pillars of the Baptiat ehurch. He was also often called to responsible positions in town affairs — as aelectman, lister, &o. He was representative 4 years, and a justice of the peace some 10 or 12 yeara. He was emphatical ly a man of peace, and hia influence was always exerted to allay strife and promote harmony. He died Nov. 9, 1845, aged 69 years. Hon. Nathan T. Speagub waa one of the prominent men of Mt. Holly, and for many years wielded a strong influence in all that concerned the town. He settled here in 1810, and enter ed into the mercantile buaineaa, which be proa- ecuted aucoessfuUy during nearly his entire res idence in to'wn. He eventuallsj- became a large landholder, and for several yeara carried on the farming buaineaa somewhat extensively. He held many ofSoea of trust and responsibility iu town. He represented the town in the legisla ture 7 years — was delegate to the constitutional convention iu 1828, and was a justice of the peace many years. He accumulated a large property, and became 862 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. the wealthiest man who ever resided in Mt. Holly. He removed to Brandon, Vt., in 1833, which town he has several years represented in the legislature, and aince hia residence there he has for several years held the ofBoe of assist ant judge' of the county court. He ia atill liv ing in Brandon, al the advanced age of 85 yeara. (1871.)— [Still living, ISIS—Ed.] Abel Bishop waa a noted schoolmaster in the early history of the town — was one of the firat who taught scliool in town, and continu ed to not in that capacity for 20 yeara. He waa repreaentative 4 yeara, and for some years a juatice of the peace. Ho left town in 1825 and removed to western N. Y., and whether now living or dead is uot known to the writer. Many othera, though leas prominent officially, deserve to have their names recorded as pioneers in the settlement of the lown, who braved the toils and hardships of the wilderness, and con quered homes for themselves and their descend ants, viz. Thomas and Asa White, Joaeph, Bixby, Abel Farwell, Job Todd, Aaron Horton Asa and Jesse Sawyer, Jonas Holden, Abel Foster, ,Edmund and James Tarbell, Enoch and Daniel Jaquith, Phinehaa Carlton, Eoyal, John, George and Walter Crowley, Samuel Hosmer, Snow Eandall, John Chandler, Wm. and Jacob Earle, William Graves, Isaac Fish, Joseph and Benjamin Frost, John Moors, Zac cheus Prescott, Jacob White, John Eandall, Je- thro Jackson, John and Samuel Eussell, Hoxey Barber, David Chatterton, Pardon Crandall, Perry and Alex'r Wella, Nathan Doolittle, Seth Livingston, Elijah Davenport, Martin Cole, Thomas Davis, Joseph Kinnee, and probably others whose names have not come to tho knowledge of the writer. Many of those above named, as well as those heretofore mentioned as flrst settlers, havo children and other direct descendants now living in town. There are eleven farma in towu which are Btill owned aud occupied by the direct descend ants of the original settlers. The present own ers are aa foUowa, viz. Alfred Crowley, grand son of Abraham Crowley; Alvin Holden and Marvel J. Holden, grandaona of Jonaa Holden ; Darius Horton, grandaon of Aaron Horton ; Merritt 0. Hammond, grandson of Jedediah Hammond ; Mordecai Dawley, grandson of Perry G. Dawloy, Son'r.; William W. Poster, grandson of Abel Foster ; Allen Ives, son of Ebenezer Ives ; Leumas Tucker, grandson of Stephen Tucker ; Stillman Tucker, son of Jo seph Tucker ; Henry Smith, grandson of Ed mund Bryant. ( LONGEVITY. The following named persons have died in this town, aged 90 years and upwards ; Hannah Crowley died Aug. 25, 1839, aged 94 years and 4 months; Eoyal Crowley d. May 8, 1856, set 90 y. 9 ma ; Ichabod G. Clark d. Sept. 10, 1847, set 93 y. ; Sarah Cook d. Aug. 25, 1861, set 95 y. ; Hannah Dodge d. Oct. 10, 1852, set 95 y. 8 ma. ; Mary Poater d. Dec. 18, 1862, aet 100 y. 3 ms.; Sarah Holden d. April 23, 1856, set 99 y. 3 ms.; Joaeph Pollard d. Feb. 21, 1871, aat 91 y. 5 ma. i Eunice Prieat ' d. Sept. 20, 1856, at 90 y. ; Silas Proctor d. Dec. 28, 1845, st 95 y. ; Alexander Wells d. Nov. 2, 1866, set 91 y. 8 ms. ; Lucina White d. Sept. 1, 1845, Kt 90 y. Samuel Lander waa the first adult person who died in this town. His death was caused by the accidental discharge of a gun set in a corn field for the destruction of bears. The first child bom in town was a daughter of Amoa Ivea. The flrst male child bom in town was Perry G. Dawley, Jr., who is stiU living (1873) at the advanced age of 90 years, and resides within 50 rods of the place where he was bom. Joseph Haskel, one of the early settlers, is stiU living, at the age of 93 years. There are at present (1873) residing in town six persons over 80 years of age. CASUALTIES. In 1825 Mr. Lyman Dickerman, one of the early settlers; and a most estimable citizen, was instantly killed by being thrown from his car riage — his horse taking fnght whUe descending a steep hill. His age waa about 60. In 18 — Silas Proctor, Jr., was killed by a falling limb, while felling a tree in the woods. The next year Judson Chilson, a young man, came to hia death in the same manner. In the month of April, 1852, SUaa B. Cole was drowned in Eandall's pond, in the north part of the town. He, in company with Misa Tamar Pratt, started out for a ride on the water in a small skiff: after rowing some 30 rods ftom the shore, by some unskilful management the boat was upset, and both were precipitated in-' to the water. The accident waa witneaaed by people on shore, and Mr. D. L. Dawley, now hotel keeper at Hydeville, Vt., hastily threw off his outer garments, and plunged into the water, and, al the imminent risk of his life, suc ceeded in saving the young lady ; but Cole nol being a swimmer, was dro'wued. He waa about 22 years of age, and universally respected. MT. HOLLY. 863 Ir. April, 1853, a little son of Leander Derby, Esq., was found drowned in the flume of hia father'a tannery. He was 5 years old, and the only child of his parents. In April, 1865, Mr. Charles Kimball, while engaged in throwing down an old building, was fatally injured by being struck on the head by a falling timber, and died in about one hour. His age was about 42. During the great freshet in October, 1869, while Mrs. Esther Bixby, wife of J. J. Bixby, was standing, in company with her little son, a few feet west ofthe bridge at the outlet of Ran dall's pond, watching her husband and A. C. Eandall, Esq., who were attempting to save some lumber, the ground suddenly gave way beneath their feet, and they were both precipit ated into the seething current below, and car ried rapidly dowTi stream. The accident was witnessed by the two men, who immediately started to the rescue, and succeeded in saving Mrs. Bixby. After being carried some 30 rods down stream, she had the presence of mind to seize hold of an overhanging bush, to which she clung till rescued by her husband. The boy was carried some 20 rods further down atream and drowned. He waa about 8 years old, and an only child. On the moming of the 8th of June, 1870, a fi-ightful railroad accident occurred in this town by which six men lost their lives. Some half mile westward ofthe Summit station is an em bankment some 12 or 15 feet high. Through this is a narrow culvert for the passage of a small rivulet which makes down from tbe hills on the north. This stream ordinarily contains bnt little water, and in time of drought scarcely any: but it is capable of being swelled to a fierce mountain torrent, by a powerful rain : such a rain occurred the day and night preced ing the accident About 6 o'clock in the moming of the day named, a train consisting of an engine, tender, and one express car, containing about thirty passengers, started from the summit station, moving toward Rutland. The little atream, during tbe night, had become a torrent — tbe culvert became choked -with flbod-wood and drift, ao as to seriously impede the passage of the water, which forced its way around the stone-work, washing out the base of the em bankment, which was compoaed of aandy, grav elly aoil, for the space of aome 20 feet, leaving a portiou of earth above, and the ties and raila in their proper position, so that the engineer saw no trouble ahead. The engine had passed over so far that the trucks nearly reated on the aolid road-bed, when the track sunk so tliat the engine was left at an angle of 45 degrees ; the tender sank to the bottom of the chasm, and the express car was thrown entirely over it, smashing the cab, and driving up to the very mouth of the flre-box — the hind truck reating on grade, while the forward eud was some 4 or 5 feet below. The passengers were in the for ward end of the car, and about midway was a light partition, in the rear of which was the express matter. As the car pitched into the chasm and struck the engine, the partition gave way, and barrels, boxes and bundles were precipitated down upon the people in the for ward end of the car — at the same time the end door in front waa buret open, and the hot ateam from the boiler came raahing into the ear, blinding and scalding the passengers, many of whom were disabled by injuries or wedged in among the debris of the express matter. Nearly every peraon in the car was more or less injured by scalding or otherwiae. The engineer, the fireman, and one other man who waa riding on the engine, were inatantly killed, and three others afterwards died from the effects of burna and other injuries, and twelve others were severely burnt, or otherwise injured, who finally recovered. BY MES. SAEAHETT PACKER BULL. EEV. DANIEL PACKEE, Now residing in Mt. Holly, has held a prom inent position in the Baptist denomination over flfty years — for 36 years pastor of the Bap tiat church in the town in which he resides. The simple facts, some of which I have gath ered from his own lips, will be pemsed with iu terest by many. Daniel Packer waa bom in Guilford, Vt., Sept. 23, 1786. Hia father was of English descent : though it may be added " that a member of the Packer family upon a late visit to Europe, found in Paris what he believed to be strong evidence of the French origin of this family." But this, to say the least, ia very doubtfid. Hia father waa a man of mark. He married' Molly Green, daughter of Joseph Green, a Bap tist minister living in Leyden, Mass., and ma ny of the principal families in Guilford claimed James Packer aa their great progenitor, while his 'wife, and mother ofthe aubject of this sketch, was a lady superior to many of her da,y, and instracted with great care her family in the du ties and responsibilities of the Christian faith. 861 .VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. And may wc not conclude, that the Christian f dplity of the p:irents %vas, under God, the occa sion of the early conversion of all their children. Thus was he early the subject of divine grace. ThouRh my father did not publicly put on Christ at so early an ago as some other members ofthe family, yet, when once enlisted, his whole soul and energies in whatever work presented itself wero for the salvation of souls. In the year J 807 he felt his duty to follow hia Lord and Master into a watery grave, and at that time united with the Baptist church in Guilford, and went on hia way rejoicing in hope. He also felt a deep intereat in the spirit ual condition of his foUovv-men, and that it was his duty to stand on Zion's walls and proclaim a redeeming Saviour. But a profound sense of his unfitness, while the conviction pressed heav ily, restrained him from making, for a time, his feelings known. " But," aays he, " as I retired to my accustomed place for secret prayer, God brought me fully into ' the liberty wherewith Christ makes free,' '' and he felt no longer doubting as to the character of his exercises, or hia duly publicly to magnify the grace which alone had wrought his deliverance from doubt. " The command was imperative; I dare not disobey. I disclosed to my wife my decision and my purposes. The burden was removed, aud God was able to direct and support me." Though his advantages for literary attainments at that time were limited, he was obliged to cultivate the talant God had given him ; con sequently bis labors were much more arduous ; but being a man of vigorous mind, resolute will and strong common sense, he was not easily foiled in his purposes. In the summer of 1810 he began to preach nol only in the towns ad joining, but in the town where he resided. Sometimes he held meetings in his father's barn in Guilford, as there was no meetinghouse in that part of the town. He felt, however, that God had a nobler and broader fleld than opened for him in that place. His great and generous heart extended its sympathies beyond Ills parental home, to miuister to them whom God had in store for him. He came northerly, through Rockingham, stopped at Elder Balser's, who had a word of cheor and kind hospitality for the wanderer ; thence through Windham and Manchester, preaching at the last named place ; thence to West Dorset, where he spent the sabbath — so on through Danby and Wal lingford to Mt. Holly. Stopping first at Deacon Isaac Dickerman's, he made known to him his mission. The good deaoon says to him, " We had a young man here last sabbath to preach to ua on trial — he waa not right ; he did not give ua goapel doctrine." He says, " I replied to him in thia wi.se : it is not best to be in haste chooaing for God's service." But the Deacon insisted he should remain over night, and they would have an evening meeting at his house. But he said to him, your people are so scattered it would be impossible to get them here : but they assured him of no failure on that ground, and he finally concluded to remain, and preach ed to a well fllled house. It being thanksgiv ing week, they insisted he must remain through tbo week, and preach upon that day After much consultation, he concluded to do so, and remaiued even two weeka longer, aud preached several times. It seems the hand of God was in the work, and he had found the part of the vineyard wherein he must labor. A com mittee was appointed lo consult with bim. They did so, assuring him S 100,00 a year, and a house for his family. March 11, 1811, he relumed with his wife tc this fleld of labor, and settled as their pastor The Baptist church at that time numbered onlj 23 members — but 12 resident members. July 2, 1811, a council was convened to ordain him The services wore held in'an orchard back of the hotel kept at that time by Dr. Clark. El der Leland preached the ordination sermon. Dr. Jonathan Going gave the right haud of fel lowship. Elders Harrington and Mucallah were present and took part in the services. There was an immense concourse of people present. Soon after this the aeed sown began to apring up. The refreshing shower of grace coutinued through the aummer, and fifty souls were added that season. The church walking in the peace of God, and in the comfort of the Holy Ghost, were edified. In 1815 they erected a meeting-house at the north part of the town. The Lord immediately filled and sanctified their new houae of worship with his presence ; and, wilh the many addi tions and removals to other towns — for, within twelve months three churches were aet off to other towns adjoining — an uncommon measure of the spirit of grace and supplication waa pour ed upon the church ; membera were greatly quickened in their spiritual affections, and the standard of piety in their body generally much elevated. Aa a result the convicting and con verting power of the Moat High waa aignally manifeated, and crowda of anxioua sinners, for days in succession, pressed their way to the mercy-seat, and each year brought forth its MT. HOLLT. 865 fiTiits mete for repentance, until the church in a few years numbered over 480 members. God blessed his labors abundantly. The pastor's work waa not wholly confined to this church. He was often called to other towns to do min isterial duties. Those that had gone out fi-om this flock were attached to their first shepherd, and he was called to minister to them in times of prosperity as well as in affiiction. His gen erous heart yearned towards them : they were like children to him : they had grown up, tem porally as well as spiritually, under his kind ministrations. The good seed sprang up and sealed his ministry, giving him souls for his hire, and he was living — the purpose of his whole sonl — to do with his might what hia hands found to do, whether his days should be many or few. Durmg the pastorate in Mt. Holly of nearly 40 yeara, he baptized over 1600 peraons, whieh we truat w ill be aa stars in the crown of his rejoicing, when God makes up hia jewels. Though very liberal to other denominations, he was firm as the rock of ages in following the commands of our Saviour. He took the Bible as his guide and stand-point — Jesus as his sup port ; all of which failed not to interest and awaken the careless and unconcerned. He gave to God the praise, to God the victory. It may be aaid of this now father in Israel, he has always taken an active interest in the great missionary operations of the day. Always — ^unless hind ered by sickness in his family, or otherwise — he has attended the Baptist Anniversaries, Associ ations, Conventions, and the several gatherings for the promulgation of trath, and has ever been ready with willing hand and heart lo aid every good word and work for the cause of Christ. We feel that God has rewarded him in hia labora of love. He haa sometimes lost, fi nancially — once, nearly all his earthly effects : but for all that his trust in God wavered not, nor were the hungry permitted to go from his door wiihout a blessing and welcome from his scanty store. Those fifty years were not, however, without their sometimes harmful teachings. The heart of thia Christian soul was tried in the furnace of affliction, but not found wanting. His fam ily consisted of a wife and four children. Death claimed firat the eldest, a daughter, and in a few short mouths the companion of his joys and sorrows was taken. She had helped to bear the burden and heat ofthe day in his ear ly life, and took none the less upon ber in later life. Her maiden name was Jemma Jewett. She waa a daughter of Capt. Jewett, then resid ing in Putney. She was a worker in her Mas ter's vineyard. Her teachings and examplary life were not in vain in the church with whom she walked, and were the means of effecting much good. She was traly the pastor's help. She came with him to his new home ; she help ed to heal the broken-hearted, nourish the sick, and rejoice 'with those that rejoiced, and weep wilh those that wept. She lived a peaceful life, and died a triumphant death. And then, again, iu lesa than two abort but periloua years, that silent, unwelcome mesaenger again knocked at the door of our hearts, and took our only brother, the pride and hope of us all. It waa a severe blow to our minister -father to give up his young son preparing for the ministry. But he was a devoted Christian who was called, over ready and willing to obey his Master's summons. God had a higher and nobler pur pose for him. I speak of these light afflictions, which are but for a season, lo show that this long tried pilgrim haa had hia path threaded wilh ahad- ows as well as with sunshine. Though now too much enfeebled for active duties, his mind is active. Though the temporal light is fading from his eye, we trast the spiritual light is growing brighter, and nol far distant the day when he will not only see face to face the loved ones gone before, but he will find rest — " rest for the weary soul ;" though never weary in his Master's cause, and reap a rich reward for his labors of love. [Since the above was received, Mrs. Bull, daughter of Elder Packer, writes :] "Peacefully he fell asleep in Jesua, June 30." (1873.) "I said to him, 'Father, you are just waiting at the door.' ' Tes, my child, Jesus is ready to receive me.' " His sickness was brief. Disease had straggled for months to rivet its hold upon his feeble body ; but it resisted, with the aid of his masterly energy and strong will, until three weeks previous lo his death. Though suffering most of the time, nothing escaped his lips but gratitude and thanks. Each day, as frienda from far and near thronged to catch one more word of cheer, with smiles brightening up that dear old face, his hand and heart went out to them. ¦'His funeral was at the north church, July 2d. Though remodeled, from the associations of many years it bad always been a sacred spot to him. The desk and orchestra were heavily draped. His slip was completely shrouded. VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. A beautiful display of flowers, the autumn leaves and ripened grain, arranged in different forma, served as a symbol of the life thus pass ed ' as a shook of corn fully ripened in its sea son.' The church was filled to its utmost, and the congregation waa compoaed moatly of aged people. As they lived in that day the preced ing sixty years, the tear, the silvered heada, bowed in aweet tribute of reaped to bis mem ory, evidenced how well they had revered and loved their old pastor. " IJeva. J. C. Farrar, Wright and Clement of ficiated at his funeral — Eev. Mr. Farrar preach ing impressively from Ps. xvii, 15. He was buried iu the church-yard uear his loved home, the dear body being lowered into the grave by his son and three sona-in-law. He had almoat attained hia 87lh year." THE INVALID'S BEQUEST. BT M. A. DICKERMAN.* Open wide the window, Blary, the blinds wide open iiing. And draw me gently tliitbor whore the genial breath of Spring May fan my throbbing temple and cool my burning brow. And Itiea away the fever on my cheek so burning now. Let me giize upon the verdure — earth's richest carpet spread For tbe thoughtless myr.iada who on her bosom tread ; 0 ! could tbey see the beauties which in that verdure lie, Twould kindle admiration in each beholder's eye. Let nA look upon the flowrets, thongh scarcely to be seen. Emblems of humility, peeping up from 'mid tbe green Telling us of purit.v, — with what eloquence they speak; As in Iheir silent language they exhort us to be meek. Let me gaze upon the forest, in vernal thits arrayed. Now varied and commingling, like tho artist's light and shade; 0 I I love to look npon thom — tho^e sturdy monarch tioos. That bid defiance to the blast, but gently greet tbe breeze. Lot my (\ves hohoM tho mouutains, tlioao buhvarka Htriing and old, Stupendously uproarlug, as if guarding some strong hold: But my menUil vision wandora, nor ceasea it to roam. Till it i-eata on that lovod oUJoct — my own Green Moiiu. talti honu>. Lot mo Ilstou to tbo ripple of tho gently murmuring 1-111, As joyously It glides along, meandering at will ; Reminding ua of llfo, — as It haatona to its goal, Tho mighty deep receives its trust — Eternity, the soul. Let me listen to the warblers as thoy pool their merry notea, — As strains of richest melody gush from their tiny throats ; So happy and so joyous they buoy my spirits up. And cauae mo for a moment to forget my bitter cup. Yea, draw- mo to the window where the balmy breath of Spring May kiss away tho teardrops, sad thoughts are wont to bring ; And earth in vernal splendor shall my thoughts from sadnoas win, As I gaze npon tho landscape, and drink its beauties in May, 1864.' • A native of Mt. Holly. Theso linos wero sent by the proprietor of the well known establishment for in- valids, at Saratoga, N. Y., eome ten years since'; the name of the gentleman has escaped us. The writer wae, we think, a young lady patient in the institution. MOUNT TABOE. BT GIDEON 8. TABOE, ESQ. The town of Mt. Tabor ia aituated in the S. E. corner of Rutland county ; bounded N. by Wal lingford and Mt. Holly, E. by 'Weston, S. by Peru and Dorset, and "W. by Danby. It was chartered Aug. 28, 1761, and waa one of Gov. "Wentworth of New Hampshire's charters, by the name of Harwick, to Jouathan Willard and 60 others, in the usual form of charters, to contain 6 miles square. This township lies principally on the Green Mountains — ^nearly two-thirds of it yet in a primeval state, with the exception of some entries for lumbering purposes ; the weat side, however, liea in the valley of Otter Creek, and furniahea some excellent intervale landa. Otter Creek runs about five miles in this town ; the Rutland and Bennington railroad about the same distance. Danby railroad station ia in Mt Ta bor. The road from Manchester to Eutland runs about 2 miles through the S. W. corner of thia town — thence into Danby, running within 80 rods of the town line between Danby and Mt. Tabor, the entire length of said line. The inhabitants living in Danby, on said road, own the lands to the mountain in this town, which materially lessens our population. We find no record of any inhabitants in this town of earlier date than 1782; but there were prob ably settlers here as early as in any towa in this vicinity. This town was organized Maroh 17, 1788. Gideon Tabor, moderator ; John Jenkins, town clerk; Johu Stafford, John Jenkins and Gide on Baker, selectmen; Jonathan Wood, treas urer; Elihu Allen, constable and collector; Giles 'Wing and John Stafford, listers. For MT. TABOE. 867 petit jury. Beloved Carpenter, Gideon Tabor, Giles Wing, Jonathan Wood, John Stafford and Gideon Baker. There was another town meeting. May 28, 1788, at which it was voted that an immediate estimation be made of the property ; also a tax of £ 5 to be made out and collected in grain, to defi^y the expenses of laying out roads, purchasing books, and paying other nec essary expenses. A liat of tbe names of the freemen was as follows: Elihu Allen, Gideon Tabor, Gideon Baker, Matthew Randall, Jr., Giles Wing, Benj- Comwell, Beloved Carpenter, Jonathan Wood, Stately Stafford, Edward Corban, John Stafford, Elijah Gary, Jacob Wheeler, Jr., Stephen Hill, Palmer Stafford, Samuel Quitman and Daniel Sherman : 17 recorded at the dale of the or ganization. I found a certificate among my father's old papers, of the election of Gideon Tabor as rep resentative of the town of Harwick, in 1788, signed by John Jenkins, to'wn clerk — tbe Leg islature to convene al Westminster. The name of thia town was changed from Harwick to Mt. Tabor, in 1803. The change waa made in consequence of there being a town by the name of Hardwick ia thia State, wliich caused miscarriage of mail matter. This town has never had any postoffice within Its limits, but dependa on Danby and Weston. A part of Bromley, (now Peru) 200 rods ' wide, east and west, and 6 miles long, was annexed to Mt. Tabor in 1805, and remained with Mt. Tabor 20 years, and then waa an nexed to Dorset. That atrip contained about 14 famUies. There is a natural pond on the "top of the Green Mountain, on the town line between Mt. Tabor and Peru ; said line running throngh the centre of said pond. Prom thia pond flows a atream called the Big Branch, which runs north about 3 i miles to a lumber mill built about 1854 by P. M. Button — ^now owned by Jenkins & Hackett; thence, weat by aouth, to Otter Creek, east of Danby Borough. The whole dis tance of the Big Branch ia about 7 miles. This stream has on it 5 lumber milla, a tannery and oheeae-box factory, a stave and a clapboard ma chine. There is another mill stream in the eaat part of thia towu, which is the head of Weat River, and has tvvo lumber-mills on it, in this town. There ia also a mill stream that empties mto the Big Branch at the Button mill, and has a lumber mill on it which was flrst built by Si las Barrett, and now owned by John B. St. Mars ; and a lumber mill on the Green Moun tain stream, in the southwest part of the town, owned by James P. GrifBth, which does a good busineaa. There waa a road laid out and built through Ml. Tabor from Danby Borough to Weston, about 1812 or '15. About thia date several families were settled in the east part of this town. The first of them was Samuel Pos ter, father of Asa B. Poster, Esq., formerly of Weston — ^now of Pittsford. The first Proprietors' Meeting was warned by William Pox of Wallingford, and holden in August, 1805 — William Pox, Esq., moderator, Gideon Tabor, Esq., proprietors' clerk; at which it was voted to allot the town, and that Jona than Parker, Da'vid Steel and Gideon Tabor should be a committee to superintend the al lotting. It was voted, moreover, to give Da'vid Steel, Esq., a strip 500 rods wide on the east side of the town for 16 original proprietors' shares that he owned. The remainder was allotted in 1807 ; the Governor's lot was chartered in the S. W. corner of the town. This town, with the ex ception of Steel's 500 roda cliff, and the Gov ernor'a 500 acre lot, was run out into 96 lots — two lots to each proprietor's share ; desig nated by ranges and numbers, and first and second division lota. One share was for the incorporated Society for the Propagation of tbe Gospel in Foreign Parts, one share for a Glebe for the Church of England, as by law estab lished ; one share for the first settled miniater of the Gospel, and one ahare for the benefit of a school in said town. About 3000 acrea of the beat part of the town, including the Governor's lot in the valley of Otter Creek, was first settled, and titles ob tained by pitches and vendue sales for taxes. It was ascertained in 1857, by running the town line between Danby and Mt. Tabor, that parties claiming under Danby had crowded in to Mt Tabor 10 rods at Danby Borough, the centre of said line, which lakes about 60 acres of land, 8 dwellings, the meeting-bouse and the old banking-house, all treated as being in Dan by, and will virtually form Mt. Tabor, and re main so by acquiescence, unless an act of the Legislature, or a judgment of Court sels it right. There was a log school-house built at an eariy date on the farm of Gideon Tabor, near where the widow Sally Griffith now lives. The first school I ever attended was in that house, taught by my father, Gideon Tabor, in the win ter of 1S08-9. It waa the last school taught iu that house, and the last school taught by my VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. father. There are four school districts in thia lown at this date. (1869.) Of the old inhabitants the first I will mention was John Sweet, who came into town about 1782, and settled upon 60 acres of land at the foot of the Green Mountains, on tbe farm Martin Foley now owns. Ho was a pioua old gentleman. An anecdote of him I have heard related from the pulpit ia too good to loae. Hia log-house stood directly at the foot of the Green Mountains. In the month of May, 1815, there was a very se vere rain storm one night, 'with heavy tfiunder and lightning, and a large rock, aome 200 rods up the mountain, undermined by the water, started and swept every thing before it. It came directly towards the house. The fam ily heard the' thundering of the elements and tumult of the rocks, but was prevented by tie darkness from seeing the real danger. They could hear, however, the fearful rumbling and clashing, and fled to a little hill juat weat qf the houae, in great consternation. Before they left, however, the old gentleman stopped to kindle the fire. The old lady urged him to hur ry and leave the house, or he would be buried alive. The old gentleman then aaid to her, " Woman, remember there is a God in heaven." Daylight revealed to them, that the huge rock, sweeping all before it thus far, had come 'within three rods of the houae, and lodged in aome newly plowed ground ; and the floodwood, rocka and earth that followed had run all around the houae, but had left the little tenement un harmed. I aaw it a few days after, and went to the atarting point. The old gentleman died about 1818, and was buried in the burying-ground on my father's farm, by the aide of five of hia children. He had a large and respectable family. They all left town soon after his decease. Hia eldest son, David, became a minister of the Goapel, and is now liviug in Hebron, N. Y., an aged man, nearly 90 years old. GiDEOfl Baker was in town at the organiza tion, and one of the flrst selectmen, and once represented the town in the Legislature. He lived wliere Hiram Griffith now livea, one mile south of Danby Borough. He and his wife and a part of their family were Methodists. Hia kitchen was the stated place for holding Metb odiat meetings, for a number of years. He had a large family ; there are none of them living in town now. The old lady died in 1823, and the old gentleman in 1824, and were buried in the Tabor burying-ground. The flrat marble in that ground was erected at their graves by the old lady's son, John Chatman of Dorset. Waltee Taboe came from Tiverton, E. L, to Danby, with hia family, about the year 1782 or '83. He lived in Danby about 10 years, and then came to thia town : his farm was on the east side of Otter Creek, and is now owned by John B. Griffith. His buildinga are all gone. He died in 1806; was a prominent man in town, and held some offices. Hia eldest son, Gideon Tabor, waa bom in 1762, and waa in the war of the Revolution 4 yeara. He came to thia town about 1784 : married Hannah Car penter, daughter of Beloved Carpenter, then living in thia town. Beloved Carpenter waa a brother of Governor Benjamin Carpenter of Guilford. Gideon Tabor served aa town clerk in thia town 28 yeara; repreaented the town in the Legialature moat of the time for about 30 yeara ; waa a juatice of the peace over 30 years, and died in February. 1824, in the 62d year of ,^,^,^^ hia age. My father, Gideon Tabor, raiaed a family of 8 children that arrived to years of majority. There are but two of them living now — myaelf and sister Sophia, who owns and occupies the old homestead where she was bom, and is now 70 years old. Caleb Burirrir moved into Mt. Tabor in 1815, ou to a farm on the east road about 1 mile from the Creek roatl He lived nearly 40 yeais in town, and raiaed a large family ; and then sold his farm, and went to Eutland to live with hia - - son Caleb Buffum, Jr. He and his wife both died in Rutland, but were brought back and huried in Mt. Tabor burying-ground. Esquire Buffum was an energetic, useful man in town, and represented Ml Tabor in the Legislature several years, and held all the town offices at different timea. Stephen Hill, mentioned in the organization of the town, remained in town until hia death, on the same farm (which waa the north-west corner of the town). His youngeat aon, Amoa, lived and died on the same farm. There are none of the family now in town, and the farm is now cwned by John Hudson. Stephen Hill, Gideon Baker and Gideon Ta bor were the only men that remained in town from its organization until tbeir death ; and there is not a legal repreaentative of those who organized the town, except the Tabor family, that remains in the lown. We have no meetinghouse in town, except upon the land that Danby has appropriated, aa before stated, upon ovir Otter Creek border, and MT. TABOE. 869 the inhabitants iu the west part of the town attend meetings there, at Danby Borough. We have Methodists and Congregationalists that hold meetings there, both in the same house. Communication from James Hathaway. EEVOLUTIONAEY SOLDIBBa. Walter Tabor, my grandfather, was a soldier of the Revolutionary army. He resided iu this town from 1792 until his death in 1806. James Hathaway was also a sergeant in the Eevolu tionary army ; waa long a reaident of this town, and died in 1826. Joseph Moulton was in the French war, and also hi the Revolutionary war. He ilied in 1815. Gideon Tabor, my father, was in the war of the Revolution 4 years. He went into the service at the age of 16 years. I IN THE WAE OP 1812. Edward C. Tabor, Arden Tabor, my father and William Colston, went into the service from this town. Edward C. Tabor was an orderly Tou ask if ever any minister except Sweet resided in this town. Benjamin Shaw, a Meth odist preacher, came into the east part of this town, and made an effort, for several years, to obtain our lands granted to the first aettled miniater: he did not succeed, and left. We never had a regular read lawyer to reside in town. John W. Tabor, my brother, was an M. D. He studied with Doctor Eli Leamed of Danby ; graduated at Castleton in 1822; practiced in West Clarendon a year or two, and settled in Plattsburg, N. T. — came home to Mt Tabor in the fall of 1829, and died in May, 1830, of con sumption, aged 34. MINEEAL BPEINGS. ' There are two mineral springs in this town. One is about a mUe and a half soulh of east from Danby Borough, on the mountain. The water ia brought to the foot of the mountain in logs, and ia in conaiderable use for medicinal purposes. The other one is at the foot of the mountain, on J. P. Griffith's land, about 2 miles Boutb of the Borough- OBiamAL OEANTEES Jonathan Willard, John Howarii, William Buck, Elijah Ferris, John Renold, Thomaa Hunter, Nathan'l Marshall, David Hunter, Eze kiel Napp, Enos Fuller, Peter Reynold, Samuel Hawley, Abraham Finch, Joseph Crouch, Ga briel Sherwood, James Palmer, Lewis Barton, Daniel Harris, Eli Parsons, Nehemiah Meaaen- ger, Sarah Lampaon, widow; John Lampaon, Daniel Hare, Wm. Hare, Anthony Woolf, James Cutler, Jacob Lomia, Johu Wentworth, John Chamberlin, Thomas Wentworth, Tho's Martin, John Walbridge, Jonathan Willard , 3d, Samuel Canfield, Bldad Vanwort, Hezekiah Lomis, Wm. Pincourt, Ebenezer Strong, John Eice, Beriah Lomis, Abraham Utler, Samuel Eose, Jr., Judah Aulger, Elisha Smith, David Aulger, Joseph Eames, Ebenezer Eames, Cyrus Aulger, John Aulger, Ebenezer Napp, Richard Fogeson, Eich ard Truesdell, John Joslyn, Hendrick, Minard Christian Ray, Samuel Willard, Asa Douglas, Richard Wibard, Esq., Daniel Warner, Esq., Jamea Neven, Esq., Charlea Foot, Johu NeU- aon. LETTBE FEOM TABOE FAMILY. " Troy, Feb. 12, 1863. " My Dear Miss Hemenway : " I duly received your letter, and al once worte my father, who resides in northern New Tork, for some facts touching my grantifather, and have hia reply ; but it is very meager. I send now such a sketch as I think would be appropriate. " My grandfather waa most distinguiahed for hia military talenta and zeal, and did much to inapire the apirit the Green Mountain Boya ex hibited in the war of 1812; in which war he he was offered a high commission in the regular service. "It was my father who was in the Legisla ture of Vermont, in 1833 and 4. He sold his farm in Shelbum Point some twenty yeara since, and has since and now resid,e3 in the valley of the St. Lawrence, Franklin Co., N. T. I was not old enough at the time to realize how unwise it was to allow this property to go out of the family — Elapse of time only serves to strengthen my regret. " I do not know whether you are fully aware of the fact, that Shelbume is one of the most delightful regions the sun shines upon, and that the ' The Point,' so called, is the most beauti- ftil part of the town. " Very truly yours, " C. F. Taboe." In the last War, '61, Mt. Tabor paid bounties to five soldiers, $300 each, and $ 7, per month while in the service. We paid Daniel Lain of Danby, a bounty, which is included in the five. We had six in the aVmy over and above our quota, when we paid those bounties. I think there is not another town in Rutland counly that has furnished as mauy men for the war, according lo her population, as Mt. Tabor. 870 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAOAZINE. Volunteers for Three Names. Reg. Co. Joseph Ayres, 10 C Henry J. Baker, 6 F Nathan F. Baker, 6 F Joseph Buffum, Cav. H Blias E. Cox, John Fortier, 7 D 10 0 John J. Howard, Iss B Geo. A. King, 6 P Exes Minett, Iss E Joseph Minett, 4 A Eli A. Moera, 10 C Geo. W. Sheldon, 11 C Isaac A. Sweat, 7 D Abel S. Tarbell, 5 E Jamea M. Tarbell, 2ss E Martin M. Tarbell, 7 D Thomaa J. Tarbell, Iss E P. W. Thompaon, do. Wm. A Thompaon, do. Lyman C. Wells, do. Calvin White, 9 B Eli A. Willard, Iss E SOLDIEES FUENISHED BY MOUNT TABOH. r, credited previous to caUfor 300,000 volunteers, of October 17, 1863. Age. Enlisted. Mustered. Aemarks. 28 July 22, '62 Sept 1, '62 Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. 18 Aug. 13, " " 15, " Pro. to Cor., kiUed at do. do. 6, " 20 Oct. 4, '61 Oct. 16, '61 Diacharged Aug. 1, '62. 30 " 24, " Nov. 19, " Killed July 3, '63. 18 Dec 17, " Feb. 12, '62 Re-enlisted, Feb. 17, '64. " Died Oct 27, '62. '61 Discharged Nov. 11, '6i. " Oct. 15, " " Oct 24, " " Nov. 9, " Wounded — in Gen. Hospital, Aug. 31, '64. " Sept. 20, " Killed at Petersburg, June 23, '64. 62 " 1, '62 Mustered out. Sept 5, '65. II 11 11 11 II Jung 24, " '61 Feb. 12, " Pro. Cor. dia. Dec. 25, '63. Sept 16, '61 Died Feb. 4, '62. _ [in Gen. Hospl. 26 July 22, '62 Sept 1, 28 Oct 16, '61 Nov. 9, 18 Sept 30, 23 Oct 31, 20 Sept 9, 29 Aug. 7, 27 " 8, 21 Dec. 6, 21 Sept 2, 19 Oct 16, 20 Dec. 12, 26 Oct 16, 24 2723 45 June 18, '62 July 9. 17 Oct 16, Nov. 9, Eliaa Cox, Hiram Greeley, Martin Tarbell, Eli A. Willard, 7 D 6 B- 7 D iss E Pro. Serg't; re-en'd Dec. 2 1, '63 ; w'd- Peb. 12, '62 Re-enliated Feb. 17, '64. Nov. 9, '61 Pro. 2d Lt Co. E, Jan. 1, '64; died Oct. 9. " Discharged June 1, '65. " " May 15, '62. " " Feb. 9, '63. 62 " Nov. 6, '62. 61 Nov. 16, '61 Re-enlisted Deo. 21, '63. Volunteera Re-enlisted. Asa L. Warner. -died of wounds received in battle of the WUderness, not in above list Pa/id Commutation. Entered Service. Wm. A. Thompson, prisoner, and died at Andersonville, Oct 20, '64. The following list were residents of Mt. Ta bor, who enlisted in the latter part of the war, some of them for other towns. I have no rec ord of their enlistment, or discharge, or age. A. Hill, L. A. Britlon, Wm. Hesieton, Antho ny Kent, E. 0. White, John C. Thomas, Wm. White, R. White, H. J. Wilder, Wm. Buffum, J. C. Griffith, S. Hill, J. W. Larken, M. White, Sewall Howard, Ed. Magee was killed iu battle ; Edgar Thomas, Barlow G. Wescott, William Goodrich, Charles Stimpson, George Water- house, E. Spear, Elias Thayer, L. A. Moore, A. W. Tarbell. H. H. Thompson, aent home sick, and died Sept 20, '65. William A. Thompaon re-enllsted, and died in Andersonville prison, Oclober 20, 'R4. A Frenchman, by the name of Zobast, enliated from this town. Thomas J. Baker served 3 yeara from thia town. PAWLET.* BT mSL nOLLISTER. This town is situated in the southwestern * Paulette, evidently of French origin. Of Lake St. Austlri, below, the samo might be inferred, aside from tho tradition of an early Jesuit missionary settle ment, on the shores of this lake. corner of Eutland county, and has Wells on the norlh, Danby on the east, Eupert on the south, and Hebron and Granville, N. Y., on tbe west. It is 6 miles square and contains 23,040 acres. It liea in lat N., 43° and 23'. It took its name, we may presume, from its principal river, which was spelled by earlf writers Paulette and Paulet It is divided from north to south, nearly through its cen tre, by a high range of mountains, is flanked on the west by an auxiliary range of less height, while on the S. E. it touches on Daa- by aud Dorest mountains. The mountains in the principal range are known as South mountain, which extends into Eupert, North mountain, extending into Wells, Middle mountain, between that and Haystack, and ita most prominent mountain. Haystack, which rises abruptly towards the north part of the town and nearly in its centre east and west. It is accessible in carriages, withia 100 rods of its summit, aud has become a favorite place of resort. From its rock- crowned summit, iu a clear day, a prospect of surpassing loveliness ia presented. Oh the east the Green mountains, seen at intervals over an intermediate range, the glory of the PAWLET. 871 State; on the north, nearly at its foot. Lake St Austin, on whose placid surface is pho tographed every leaf, tree aud feature of the overhanging cliffs ; farther north Lake Bom bazine', fronting the battle ground of Hub bardton ; northwest, in the blue of the- far distance, the snow-clad points of the Adiron- dao, at whose base repose the ashes of John Brown, whose self-sacrificing devotion to his view of right and justice was the initial step towards melting every fetter on this conti nent; on the west the mountains that encir cle Lake Georg-: and fringe the Sacandaga and the upper Hudson ; southwest the mountains that skirt the valley and plain of Saratoga, and on the soulh the green hills that environ the bloody field of Bennington. The principal river is the Pawlet or Metto- w.ee, which, rising in Dorset and crossing the corner of Rupert winds diagonally through this town. — Its chief tributaries are Flower brook and Indian river, be.«ides which it receives the wafers of Lake St Austin and Wella brook. Water-power, available for mills, abounds on all these streams. Springs of the purest water are every where met with, and brooks and rivulets water every ravine and valley. The surface of the town iu its virgin state was clothed luxuriantly. On the alluvials grew the sycamore and the elm ; iu the swamps and marshes the hemlock, tamarac and black ash, while on its hill sides and mountain slopes flonrished the pine, sugar maple, beech, birch, several species of oak, etc Ita mountain heights were crowned with spruce aud cedar. The early settlers, con signed to the log-heap many a towering pine and stately oak which if left to the present time would have been of great value. While gravelly loam preponderates, limestone, clay slate and silex in their combiualiona every where abound. Hence it is adapted to all the various fruits, grains, roots and grasses of this latitude. The leading interest in the first fifty years was the raising of grain and cattle for mar ket Then the dairy and sheep-fold aap- planted the grain-field. At present the tide sets strongly in favor of the dairy. • FIRST SETTLEMENT. The town was granted to Jonathan Willard, by Governor Benning Wentworth of New Hampshire, in a. charter bearing date Au- gnat 26, 1761. But few of the granteea ever settled in town or even visited it. Jonathan Willard came here in 1761 or 1762 and made some clearings. The proprietors in 1768 donated 50 acres to Simon Burton as first settler, and 30 acres to William Fairfield, second settler, and 20 acres to — ¦ as third settler. The earliest rec ords now known bear'date July 29, 1768, but they refer to prior recorda. At that meeting Reuben Harmon was moderator and Simon Burton, clerk. The first allotment of land was 50 acres to each proprietor, followed in a few. years by another and still another al lotment unlil all desirable land was appro priated. There seems to have been no regu lar system of surveys, hence a great many gores and parcels were left out to be after wards appropriated by him who should first locate them. The circumstances attending the settlement and proprietorship of the town gave rise to a class of land-jobbers, who buying of the orig inal grantees, many times for a nominal sum, sold out to actual settlers at a heavy advance. In fact the wild lands in this town cost the settler an immoderate price, which being bought mostly on time weighed heavily against the prosperity of the lown for many years. The average price was about |10 per acre, but in some instancea $30 were paid, aud we must bear iu mind money was worth three times as much as at the present time. A large share of the lown was settled ia 40 acre lots. The troubles in New York, were another hindrance to the settlement of the town. Aa there were double claimants to the title to the soil, timid buyers hesitated to invest In 1770, there were but 9 families in town and the progress of settlement was slow until after Burgoyne was defeated at Saratoga, and what was left of the British forces were driven south of the Hudaon. This together with the resolute stand taken by Ethan Allen in withstanding the claims of New York encour aged settlement and the lown rapidly filled up. Many soldiers of the Eevolution who in the course of their service had visited the town, were so pleased with it, that on their release from the army they came directly here. FBENOH AND INDIAN WAB. The war between England and France which was waged in this vicinity was closed 872 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. before the location of the town, but tradition persistently fixes on Indian hill in the west part of the town aa the theatre of bloody con flicts during that war or immediately preced ing it The most commonly accepted version of the tradition is that Gen. Putnam, while at Fort Edward, was ordered lo proceed to the east and dislodge a' force of French and Indians who were lurking in the vicinity of Lake St. Austin, a favorite fishing ground of tbe Indians. This party encamped on In dian hill and fortified a natural breastwork of rock and awaited the approach of the enemy whose camp fires were seen at a dis tance. The enemy commenced the assault the next day and a fierce battle ensued in which the enemy at first had the advantage. Many were killed, some on our side taken prisoners, but afterwarda retaken. The rock which constituted their breastwork is still shown and it is said several persons were buried near it. Several of our first settlers were in the French and Indian war, among whom were Daniel Branch, David Willey and James Uran. EEVOLUTIONAET WAR. Our citizens sympathized with the other towns on the Grants in the controversy with New York. The settlers banded together, constituted committees of safety and prepar ed to re-iist by force the execution of New York writs of ejectment. Wheu the New York ofiicials crossed the border to execute these legal processes, they were seized, and those who would not respect the great seal of New Hampshire were stamped wilh the beech seal, impressed with twigs of the wilderness on their naked backs. Some of our citizens were arrested and sent to Albany jail ; one of whom, after enduring a long confinement in a filthy cell, vented his spleen on his Dutch jailers in verae, the last stanza only of which is remembered : *' I bog and pray both night and day, Tho Dutch, with all their gang. Might swim like ijmetts iu buttermilk Aud land at Amsterdam." But wo have no distinct account of any or ganization of a military force until 1777, when a military station was iu existence which was for a time a frontier post When Burgoyne came up from Canada sweeping all before him, most of the settlera north of us fled to the south aud some of our citizens joined in the stampede. Most of them, how ever, soon returned and the presence of such gallant officers as Col. Warner and Col Her rick reaasured them. During this year (1777) Col. Herrick'a fa mous regiment of Eaugers, the prototype of the whole family of Eaugers which have fig ured so largely in our national history, wero organized here. They were the terror of all the country round. As Burgoyne said in one of hia despatches. They " hung like a gath ering cloud on his flank.'' They obstructed his advance by felling trees in Wood creek, and rolling large stones in his path so that he was compelled to cross Fort Anu moun tain with his heavy train of artillery on a road then and now, almost impassable ; though unable to cope with bim in battle, they cut off his supplies, and in a thousand ways obstructed his march. We fiud it re corded in history that in " September, 1777, five hundred men under Col. Brown were sent from Pawlet lo attack Ticonderoga, Mount Defiance and Mount Hope. The work waa accomplished by surprise, Sept. 18, uot losing a single man." Whether these troops were the same that constituted Col. Herrick's regiment of Eangers does not clearly appear. Capt Parmalee Allen, sou of Timothy Allen, commanded one company of the Eangers, Capt Ebenezer Allen, the firat settler in Poultney, commanded another. The troops stationed in this town seem to have been under the control of the Continen tal Congress, but were paid by the Vermout Council of Safety, the then government of the state. To show the way our fathers managed be fore the organization of the State, and the part they took in the stirring events of that period, we aunex a few extracts from the Journal of the " Council of Safety,'' which commences the day before the battle of Ben nington. In Council of Safety' Sept. 24, 1777. To Captian Nathan Smith : Sir — Y'ou are hereby required lo march with the men under your command, to Pan- letl ou horseback where you will apply to Col. Simonds for a horse load of flour to each man and horse, you will furnish bags sufSci- ent for such purpose. By order of Council. , 'Thomas Chittenden, Pres. To Capt. Ebenezer Wood : Sir — You are hereby required to take the charge of the men, horses and bags, ordered PAWLET. 873 from this town aud proceed without one min utes loss of lime to Paulett where you will apply to Col. Benjamin Simonds for a load of flour for each horse, and proceed to Gen eral Warner wilh the same, if Col. Simonds shall think proper. When you return, you are to take especial care that the horses and bags be returned to their proper owners. ¦ Joseph Fat, Sec. In Council of Safety, Sept. 24, 1777. In consequence of a letter received from Col. Benjamin Simonds, for horses to forward flour lo the relief of Gen. Warner al Tycon deroga we have granted warrants to procure them wilh all expedition. By order of Coun cil. Jos. Fat, Sec. In Council of Safety, Bennington Aug. 26, 1777. To Adjutant Elisha Clark : You are tereby required to make returns of the names and number of the officers, non commissioned officers and soldiers belonging to Col. Samuel Herrick'a Eegiment of Ran gers, already raised within this state for the defence thereof, to Ebenezer Walbridge, at Arlington, al 10 o'clock of the morning of the 28th inst Of this you are not to fail. By order of Council. Thomas Chittenden Prea. Attest, Isa Allen, Sec. In Council of Safety, 26th Sept 1777. To Mr. Wright and other Teams in Com pany you are to repair from thia to Paulett, with your teams, there to apply to the com manding ofBcer or Lt. Hyde to be loaded with plunder belonging to Col. Brown, and return with the same, and deliver it safe to this Council. By order of Council. Joseph Fat, See. In Council, Bennington, Oct 8, 1777. . ¦—, Paulett : < Sir — This Council are informed that you are found, since you passed examination before UB with arms and ammunition secreted which gives the inhabitants great uneasiness , and nothing short of your making immediate sat isfaction to this Council, will prevent your being ordered immediately to remove which muat be done forthwith. By order of Coun cil. Jos. Fat, Sec. P. S. — If you can satisfy the inhabitants and obtain their liberty you may remain un til further orders. Jos. Fat. In Council of Safety, lOth Feb 1778. This Council having been taken under con sideration the complaint of Capt. Zadoc Ev erest of Paulett, iu behalf of the United States of America, against . , for enemical conduct to the United States having examined the evidence and every at tending circumatance relative thereto and after serioualy deliberating thereon do judge and order that the said . , pay thirty pounda lawful money as a fine for the use of this slate and pay all reasonable charges of trial, aud stand committed unlil thia judgment be complied with. Costs taxed 16 pounds 8 shillings. By order of Council. Thomas Chittenden, Pres. Received Feb. 11, the cost of the above suit 16 pounds 8 shillings, and 21 pounds 14 shillings ou the above judgment. Jos. Fat, Sec. 18 pounds 6 shillings received by me. Thomas Chittenden. Quite a number of our townsmen were in the hattle of Bennington, which led in a few weeks to Burgoyne's complete overthrow at Saratoga. With the defeat of Burgoyne the war was chiefly ended on the northern frontier though scouting parties mostly in pursuit of plunder fouud employment all through the year. This plunder was brought to this towa, subject to the disposal of the Council of Safety. The property of the tories was sequestra ted, and many of them sent off to Canada. During the latter years of the war, and at its close there was a large influx of settlers in this town, many of them fresh from the bat tle-field. Over 70 Eevolutionary soldiers came to this lown, most of them remaining till their death: aa a class they were distinguished for industry, thrift and enterprise, aud though the fires of the Eevolution had consumed their substance aud " tried their souls,'' nearly all of them succeeded in establishing a home and acquiring a competence. A few of them drew pensions under the act of Congress, 1818, and of those who aur vived until 1832, nearly all drew peusioua. A few widows of those deceased alao drew pensions, but not generally. EEVOLUTIONAET SOLDIERS WHO SETTLED IH PAWLET, WIIH AGE AND DATE OF DEATH. Gideon Adams, 84 1827 Joseph Adams, John Allen, 91 1852 Nehemiah Allen, 87 1852 Timolhy Allen, jr., 74 1834 Gen. Elislia Averill, 67 1821 Lieut. Lemuel Barden, 81 1839 Aaron Bennett, 96 1849 Eoswell Bennett, Samuel Bennett, Christopher Billings, Selah Belts, 68 1826 David Blakely, 72 1821 Daniel Branch, 86 1822 Ebenezer Broughton, Elijah Brown, 77 1835 871 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Nathaniel Carver, 52 1804 Oliver Churchill, Col. Elisha Clark, Robert Cox, Silas Jones, 68 Nathan M. Lounsbury, 100 James Leach, 76 1835 Judah Mofiit, 92 1852 Capt. Josiah Monroe, 84 1846 Simeon Pepper, 68 1821 Maj. Mosos Porter, 65 1803 Capt William Potter, Capt James Pratt, 92 1854 Capt Samuel Pratt, 80 Josiah Priest, Jedediah Eeed, Simeon Eeed, 84 1840 John Eisdon George Eush, 110 1814 Capt John Stark, Peter Stevens, 80 1838 Samuel Stratton, 69 1825 Capt. Nathaniel Eobinson, 89 1841 Daniel Eisdon, Asa Dennison, 50 1810 Capt Jedediah Edgerton, 86 1848 Jacob Edgerton, 84 1849 Capt Simeon Edgerton, 77 1809 Abiather Evans, 89 1831 Col. William Fitch, 48 1785 Gideon Gifford, 50 Ehenezer Giles, 78 1838 — - Gould, Ezekiel Harmon, 80 1831 Nathaniel Hill, 77 1830 Ashbel Hollister, 81 1840 Lieut Elijah Hollister, 85 1844 Serg. Innett Hollister, 83 1844 Capt James Hopkina, 82 1830 Daniel Hulett, 90 1S38 Bulkley Hutchina, 85 1850 Abel Eobinaon, Ephraim Eobinson, 83' 1833 Eichard Eobinson, 75 1838 Col. John Sargeaut, 82 ¦ 1843 Jacob Sykes, 83 1843 Lieut Eliel Todd, Jaines Uran, Soth Viets, 85 1823 Isaac Eeed, 83 Lieut Daniel Welch, 78 1827 Nathan Williams, 68 1819 David Willey, Andrew Winchester, 66 1827 Johu Wiseman, 60 1815 David Wood, 87 1836 Henry Wooster, 80 1820 THE WAE OF 1812. In 1812 after 30 years of peace and gen eral prosperity, our citizena were again called to confront England. We have it by tradition that two companiea of uniformed militia, the Light Infantry and Light Artillery, volan- leered to take the field, but were not called out. We annex a liat of thoae who entered the aervice so far aa we can ascertain, with their rank, viz. Phineas Armstrong, Luther Arnold, Uriah Bennett, Seth Bond, Johu Brown, John Car ver, Col. Augustus Cleveland, Serg. Elisha Clark, Capt. Willard Cobb, John Conant, Lieut. Amos Galusha, Zenas Goodspeed, Capt. Noah Gifford, Serg. Lorin Hamblin, Amasa Hancock, Jarvis Hanks, Maj. Joel Harmon, Lieut Lebbeus Hascall, Safford Hascall, Nathan Hutehins, Benjamin Huteh ins, Timothy Fisher, Hugh Montgomery, Charlea Pelton, Serg. Elisha Smith, Lisemore Smith, Simon Smith, Asa Stevens, William Stevens, Lieut. Eeturn Strong, Festus Thomp son, David Wait, Waller Welch, Aaron Wil lard, Lemuel Willard, Silas Willard, Luther B. Wood, Timothy Wood. THE MEXICAN WAE OP 1846. Made but slight drafts on our sympathy or military spirit We have only to record the names of two who enlisted : Jamou Preston, and Eeturn Strong. WAE OF 1861 To the requisition of the President of the United States iu April, 1861, for 75,000 men oue regimeut assigned to this State, George S. Orr, Moses E. Orr, and Charles Barrett, were the first to respond and enlisted in the First Vermout for 3 mouths. To all subsequent calls by the government this town has promptly responded and left off in 1865, with an excess of 8 men over and above all calls. We have been represented iu nearly every regiment and battery raised in the State, and in sever al regiments of other States, and on nearly every battle field of the war. Several of our soldiers have been in over 30 pitched battles, besides innumerable akirmiahes. We give in the annexed tablea the following particulars in reference to all our soldiers ao far as at tainable, to wit ; name, age at time of enlist- PAWliET. 875 meat, company, regiment. Slate, date of en listment, rank, term of enlistment, bounties, rtSnlistments, those who paid commutations. those who furnished substitutes aud nativea of the town, with their fathera' namea who enlisted in other Statea. SOLDIfiES OE 1861- 65. Term qf Bounty Names. Age. Co. Reg. 4Btale. Enlisted. Rank. Enlist'nt. fr.Tovm. Johit Adama, 22 E 7 Vt 3ys $300 Michael Agah, IS D 7 Vt. Dec. 9, '61 Sys Thomas Agan, 20 Mass. Capt. Michael Agan, 2d enliat'nt21 D 7 Vt Feb. 19, '64 3ys 200 Isaac H. Alexander, 31 G 5 Vt. Aug. 13, '62 3 ys 100 Amos W. Babbitt, 21 K 96 NY. Noy. 26, '61 Corp. 3 ys 2d enlistment. 23 K 96 N.Y. Jan. 1, '64 Sya 425 N.Y. John H. Babbitt, 18 K 96 N.Y. Nov. 26, '61 Drum 3 ya 2d enlistment. 20 K 96 N.Y. Jan. 1, '64 Sys 425 N. Y. Charles Barrett, 25 K 1 Vt. 3 mo 2d enlistment. 26 K 12 Vt. Aug. 8, '62 Corp. 9 mo 100 Merritt C. Barrett, . 19 H 1 Vtc. Sept 18, '61 3 ys Harvey C. Beebe, 43 D 7 Vt. Dec. 15, '61 3ys John H. Black, 21 B 14 Vt Aug. 27, '62 9 mo 115 Eobert Black, 18 B 14 Vt. Aug. 27, '62 9 mo 600 A. Judson Blakely, B 14 Vt Aug. 27, '62 1 Lieut. 9 mo 100 500 N.Y. Willis W. Belts, 82 D 4h. a ,N. Y. Dec. 21, '63 Sys Wm. H. Belding, 22 G cav. Vt. Oct. 12, "61 Serj. Sys 2d enlistment. Q cav. vt. Dec. 30, '63 Sys 200 Hiram Blossom, 21 C 2 vt. Oct 8, '61 Sys 2d enlistment. 23 0 2 Vl. Dec. 21, '63 Serj. Sys 200 Andrew J. Blowers, 25 B 14 vt. Aug. 27, '62 9 mo 105 Noble C. Bostwick, 20 E 5 Vt. Aug. 15, '61 Serj. Sys 2d enlistment, 22 E 5 Vt. Dec. 15, '63 Sys 200 Eoyal E. Bostwick, 18 H 1 cav . vt. Oct. 9, '61 Sys 2d enlistment. 20 H 1 cav . vt. Deo. 24, '63 Sys 200 Charles W. Bourn, 24 C 11 vt. Aug. 12, '62 Lieut. Sys 100 Thomas Burroughs, 24 H Ioav . Vt Dec. 7, '61 Sys David M. Bnffum, 18 B 9 Vt Juhe 7, '62 Corp. Sys Leroy S. Bushee, 22 0 11 Vt July 23, '62 3 ys 100 Orlando Buahee, 27 B 14 vt. Aug. 27, '62 Corp. 9 mo. 100 John Burns, 20 I 7 vt Dec. 27, '64 Sys 300 Sylvester Burns, 19 I 7 Vt Dec. 27, '64 Sys 300 Willard Comstock, 26 D 7 Vt. Deo. 9, '61 3 ys Abram Capen, E 5 Vt James Cavanaugh, Peter Castle, 19 B I 97 vt. vt Nov. 22, '64 Sya 300 John Conlin, 22 B 7 vt. Sept 16, '64 lyr 725 John Crawford, 21 C 3 vt Dec. 29, '63 Sya 500 Michael Crowley, 26 vt. Jan. 5, '65 3 ya 825 Simeon E. Cook, 18 C 11 vt. May 12, '62 Sys 100 Henry W. Clark, H 5 cav . N.Y. Miles H. Delong, 18 0 5 vt. Aug. 18, '62 Sys 100 Edward Donnelly, F 169 N.Y. Sya Edward Durliug. E 123 N.Y. Sya Johu Fish, K 6 N.Y. Nov. 20, '62 Corp. Sys 425 N.Y 2d enliatment. K 98 N.Y. Jan. 1, '64 Serj. Sya John Fogarty, H 5 cav. N.Y. 3 ya Frederick Folger, 18 B 5 Vt. Aug. 14, '62 3 ys $100 William Duncan, SyS 825 John M. Frisbee, 20 B 9 Vt. June 2, '62 Sys Eobert Gallup, James E Gibbs, 29 D 7 Vt. Dec. 16, '61 Sys 22 A 2US33 Vt. Aug. 14, '62 Corp. 3 ya 100 James Gibson, P 9 Vt Warren Gifford, 29 B 2 VI. May 4, '61 Serj. Sys Joaeph Gravlih, H 30 N.Y. James W. Guild, 26 B 14 Vt. Aug. 27, '62 9 mo 100 876 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Reg. 14 vt. 14 Vt 5 Vt 7 - Vt 11 VtVt.Vtvt. III.Vl. vt 7 17 124 52 Aug. 27, '62 Aug. 27, '62 Aug. 22, '61 Dec. 1, '63 Nov. SO, '63 Dec. 23, '63 Feb. 11, '62 April 27, '64 Feb. 24, '62 Oct 6, '61 Dec. 21, '63 Jan. 1, '64 Corp. Aug. 27, '62 Aug. 27, '62 Corp. 5 cav.N. Y. Sept 1864 14 14 10 14 Names. Age. Co. Reg. State. Enlisted. RanTc. Peter Grant, George Green, Alonzo V. Guilder, 24 B Wallace V. Guilder, 21 B Selden A. Hall, 18 E Jamea L Hall, 18 H Daniel H. Hall, jr. 19 G Otis W, Harwood, 18 1 ba George G. Hanks, 18 I Walter S. Hanks, 18 I Frank S. Hanks, B Francis D. Hammond, 23 I Justus W. Harwood, 21 G 2il enlistment, Edmund Hicks, S5 2 ba Vt Uriel E. Hayward, Francia S. Hollister, 23 B 14 Vt Albert E. Hollister, 20 B 14 Vt 2d enlistment, 22 Willis H. Hollister, 19 B Sewell F. Howard, 33 K James Hoy, 21 C Warren E. Hulett, 36 B Chester 0. Hulett, 21 1 ba Charles B. Hyde, 22 H Johu 0. Humphrey, 18 H George Johnson, 25 M 11 John G. Johnson, G 96 Alson L. Kilchel, 31 I 7 Charles M. Kingsley, 20 D 7 2d enlistment, 23 D 7 James Lackey, E 5 Henry S. Lathe, K 96 Nicholas Lamb, A 10 Lorenzo D. Leach, F 30 Eugene Little, 21 B 14 William F. Loomis, 21 I ba Baptiste Lassor, 18 B 2 Vital Lassor, 19 A 2 Mason, George Manning, A 10 Franklin S. Mc Arthur, I 7 Michael Mc Brinn, K 169 Mark S. Moore, 25 cav. Wyman L Macomber, 40 L 11 Joel A. Mason, 21 I 17 Mason, JohuMoGrath, 19 H 2 u.s.ss. Oct 31, '61 2d enlistment, 22 ba 1 Vt. Dec. 17, '63 Patrick Mc Grath, 17 D 7 Vt Deo. 14, '61 2d enlistment, 20 D 7 Vl. Feb. 17, '64 James Mc Grath, William Kelvia, 30 I 7 Vt Thomas Mc Kenna, F 169 N. Y. Edward Mo Kenna, cav. 5 N. Y'. Sylvanus Mo Wain, 18 D 7 Vt 2d enlistment, 21 D 7 Vt Lemuel Moore, I 7 Vt Aaa L. Munroe, L 11 Vt. Atherton Munroo, 44 H 2 usss Thomas C. Mosher, 29 D 7 Vt James Murphy, 'I 123 N. Y. S. 0. A. Magitt, Samuel W. Nelaon, 20 B 14 Vt. Edward Nye, 22 B 9 Vt! Calvin S. Nichols, 26 E 5 Vt' George S. Orr, 24 E 1 Vt. Vt. Vt Vl. Vt. Vt U. S. 33. Vt 9 Vt.Vt N.Y. Vt.Vl.Vl. Vt.N.Y. Vt. N.Y. Vt Vt Vt. Vt. Vt Vt N.Y. Vt Vt Aug. 27, '62 Sept 18, '62 July 31, '62 Aug. 27, '62 Dec. 23, '63 Oct. 25, '61 Jan. 2, '64 Aug. S, '63 ILt Maroh 9, '64 Dec. 9, '61 Corp. Feb. 17, '64 Aug. 15. '62 Aug. 27, '62 Dec, 31, '63 Sept 1, '64 Sept 1, '64 Aug. 4, '64 Dec. 31. '63 May 18' '64 Dec. 25, '61 Feb. 17, '64 June 10, '63 Dec. 13, '61 Dec. 10, '61 Term of Enlist'nt. 3 ys 3 ys 9 mo 9 mo Sys3 ys 3 ys 3 ys Sys3 ys 3 ys 3 ys 3ys 3 ys Sys9 mo lyr 9 mo 9 mo 3 ys 9 mo 3 ys 3 ys Sys3 ys 3 ys Sys 3 ys 3 ys 9 mo 3 ys 1 yr lyr 3 ys 1 yr Sys Sya3ys S ys 3 ys 3 ys March 1, '64 Corp. 3 ys Sya Sys 3ya Sya fr.Town. 825 825 100 100 300 ,300 500 200 500 700 100 100 900 N. Y. 100110 100 500 500 200 '200 100 100 500 800800 300 $1000 500900 500200 300 200 Aug. 27, '62 June S, '62 Aug. 14, '62 May 2, '61 9 mo 3 ys 3y3 3 mo 300200 200 100 100 PAWLET. Navies. 2d enlistment, MoseS E. Orr, 2d enlistment, Horace J. Orr, Thomas Newton, Merrill C. Parris. Levi Paterson, Hubert Perham, 2d enlistment, Merritt Perham, John Pentony, Keyes Potter, Calvin Eeed, Chauncey H. Eobinson, 2d enlistment, Charles Eussell, Elbridge J. Eeed, John Scott, Charles H. Scott, Eichard Scott, Erastus Scovill, Oliver L. Searle, Amyll B. Searle, Francis E. Shaw, - George 0. Simonds, Martin Smith, 0. Judson Smith, James Sheridan, James H. Smith, John Smith, Nathan Spaulding, Benjamin B. Eoyals, Austin Taft, Charles P. Taylor, George W. Taylor, Cyrus P. Taylor, Ciiipman I. Toby, Charles W. Towslee, William Town, Henry Towslee, Henry H. Thompson, Chester M. Vail, 2d enlistment, George M. Warren, Ira C. Warren, 2d enlistment, Daniel D. Warren, Johu Warren, Edwin L. Waters, .William C. Weeks, Benjamin P. Wheeler, John Wheeler, James W. White, Ahira E. Wood, William H. Wood, Stephen Wood, WiUiard Wood, Martin P. Wood, Henry C. Wood, Austin E. Woodman, Augustus L. Wright, Eeuben H Williams, George Williams, John E. Wilkins, 2d enlistment, Moses E. Wheeler, John Williams, Unknown Man, Age. 20 20 16 22 21 22 1835 19 18 19 2224 21 44 18 43 20 20 1927 24 25 18 2118 33 25 21 37 18 242628 26 28 2527 27 31 19 2019 27 38 18 26 2022 21 40 Oo. A E K HA B B ba C I K K DDG E -E E E E C B B BhalC G B I B BG usss BK bal D D D usss H H H FCB B C H B B E C B B I G BEE I Reg. State. 77 N. Y. 1 Vt. 96 N. Y. 5 cav. N.Y. Term of Bounty. Irnlisted. Rank. Enlist'nt. fr.Town. 1861, Major 3 ys May 2, '61 3 mo Nov. 26, '61 Capt 3 ys 5 cav.N. Y. 14 1427 7 7 7 7 11 55 123 5 5 II 14 1414 1111 14 2 8 2 14 7 7 7 7 72 1 cav. 1 cav. 1 cav. 169 1114 25 1 cav. 1414 2 10 2 2 75 2 5 5 77 Vt. Vt. Vt. VtVt. Vt VI. Vt. VI. VtVtVt. N.Y. Vt Vt Vt. Vt. Vt vt. vtvtvt. vt. Yt Vt.Vt Ohio. Vt VtVt.Vt.vt vt. vt. VI. vt vt N. Y. Vt Vt. Vt Vt. vt. vt vt. vt Vt.vt vt VI.Vt. vt vt vt. vt Vt. Aug, Aug.Dec. Oct.May Dec. Deo Dec.Feb.Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 27, '62 27, '62 23, '63 2. '61 2, '64 14, '63 17, '63 10, '61 16, '64 27, '64 6, '64 SO, '62 14, '62 Corp. Aug. 30, '62 Aug. 14, '62 Aug. 12, '62 2 Lt Aug. 27, '62 Aug. 27, '62 Aug. 27, '62 Dec. 23, '63 Nov. 30, '63 Nov. 30, '63 June 7, '62 Mar. 10, '64 Aug. 27, '62 Serj. May, 9, '61 Nov. 15, '61 Serj. Aug. 27, '62 Serj . Dec. 30, '63 Dec. 23, '63 Aug. 27, ,64 Deo. 9, '61 Feb. 17, '64 Nov. 15, '61 Sept 18, '61 Dec. 26, '63 Nov. 19, '61 Serj. Serj. Corp. Aug II, '62 Aug 27, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Sept. 16, '61 Aug. 27, '62 Aug. 27, '62 Aug. 30, '62 Aug. 2, '62 Aug. 16, '62 May, 9, '61 Aug. 22, '61 Aug. 28, '62 Capt. Aug. 15, '61 Corp. Dec. 15, '63 Dec. 1, '63 3 ys 9 mo 9 mo Sys 3 ys •Sys 3 ya 3 ya Sys1 yr 3ys o ys Sya S ya Sys 4y39 mo 9 mo 9 mo SysSya3 ys 3 ys 3 ys 3ys 9 mo 3 ys 9 mo 3 ys Sys 1 yr 3 ys 3 ys Sys 3 ys 3 ys SysSys 9 mo 3ys3 ys 3 ys 9 mo 9 mo Sys 3 ys Sya3 ya Sya3 ys 3 ya Sys Sys SysSys 825 100 100 500 200 500 500 200 1000 700 100 100 175100 100 ^115 100 110500 300 300500 700100 100500500 725200 200 100 125150150125 150 100500 200 825800 878 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. The following named peraona who were drafted in Aug., 1863, furnished substitutes usually at the cost of $300 each : James McD. Andrus, Eeuben Dillingham, Jesse C. Gray, Jacob McFadden and Charles H. Eussell. Leonard Johnson, who was not drafted put in a substitute at an expense of $175. Tho following persons who were drafted in Aug., 1863, paid commutation each $300: Seth E. Culver, Ogden Fisher, Levi Hanks, Frederick M, Ilollister, Levi Parria, Michael Quinland, Warren Eice and Joel S. Wilcox. The following peraons, natives of the towu enlisted in this and other States. JVanw of Soldier^ , Name of Soldier's TVltere Father. Enlisted. Francis Bigart, James Bigart, N. Y. Charles D. Castle, Tracy Castle, Wells. Albert Culver, Erastus Culver, Pawlet Capt. W.Q, Edgerton, Jacob Edgerton, Eutl 'd Ll. C. M. Edgerton, George Edgerton, Wal lingford Lt E. A. Edgerton, Marson Edgerton, Ohio. Ira Foster, Gilmore Foster, N. Y. Milton H. Hanks, Isaac Hanks, Wis. Franklin Hollister, Innis Hollister, IIL Frank Jones, Ephraim Jones, Eupert Owen Loomis, Gideon A. Loomis,Minn. Michael Hoy, Jr., Michael Hoy, Luther Moffitt, Alvin MoflStt, Hiram Moflilt, Alvin Moflitt, Ashbel ,H. Pepper, Simeon Pepper, Castrn James B. Eobinson, D. F. Eobinson, III. Nath'l H. Eobinson, David Eobinson, III. Edw'd H. Eobinson,D. F. Eobinson, III. Surg;. J. F. Simonds, Joel Simonds, Iowa. David H. Smith, Ephraim Smith, IIL Samuel SneU, John Snell, John Stearns, Jr., John Stearns, Kan. James W. Strong, Martin D. Strong, Mich. Thomas J. Strong, John Strong, N. Y. Horace Taylor, Sylvester Taylor, Ohio. William Taylor, Sylvester Taylor, Ohio. Warren Wickham, Wm. Wickham, N. Y. Leroy D. Mc Wain, ElhanauMcWain,Ill. Nathani»l Mc Wain, ElhanauMc Wain, 111. DECEASED SOLDIEES. NoBLE C. BosTWiOK, SOU of Henry Bost wick, enlisted for 3 years, iu Co. E, 5th Vt. reg. Aug. 15, '61, and held the position of sergeant. Before the expiration of his term of service, he re-enlisted, Dec. 15, '63, and was killed at the bloody conflict at Cold Har bor, June 1, '64, aged 23. Charles Barrett, son of Elijah Barrett, enlisted for three months in Co. K, 1st Vt. reg.; after his term of service, re-enlisted in Co. K. 12th Vt reg. Aug. 8, '62, and died at Alexandria, Va., May 10, '63, aged 27. Meeritt C. Barrett, aon of Elijah Bar rett, enlisted Sept '61, in Co. H, 1st Vt cav. was with his regiment in all their perilous campaigns until taken prisoner Aug. '62; severely wounded before taken prisoner; died soon after at the age of 20. Simeon E. Cook, only child of Erasmus D. Cook, enlisted May 12, '62, in Co. C, llth Vt heavy artillery ; died at Arlington Heights, Va., Aug. 3, '63, aged 19. His remains were brought home for interment. Georqe G. Hanks, son of Galusha Hanks, enlisted Feb. 7, '62, in Co. I, 7th Vt reg.; died at New Orleans, Oct. 2, '62, aged 17. j Selden A. Hall, son of Daniel H. Hall, enlisted Aug. 22, '61, in Co. E, 5th Vt reg.; died Jan. 16, '62, aged 19. We well remem ber the joy and satisfaction manifested by his parents, who called at our houae on the way to the depot iu aending their soldier boy a choice box of atores prepared by hia moth er's own hand, which only reached him on the day of hia death. His remains were brought home for interment. Georqe Johnson enlisted Aug. 3, '63, in Co. M, llth Vl. reg.; died in hospital, June 16, '64, aged 26. Lieut. John G. Johnson enliated for 3 years in Co. G, 96th N. Y. reg.; was killed at Cold Harbor, June 3, '64. He was a man of uncommon ability and intelligence. Feanklin S. McAethue, step-son of Silas Sheldon, enlisted in Co. I, 7th Vt reg. He fell a victim of the climate in a few months. Michael Mo Brinn, son of Jamea Mc Brinn, enliated iu the 169th N. Y. reg.; was killed at Cold Harbor, June 1, '64 ; his moth er receives a penaion. James Mc Grath, sou of Daniel McGrath, in the naval service, died al Chelsea Hospi tal, Boston, in '65. His remains were brought home for interment Thomas C. Mosher enlisted in Co. D, 7th Vt reg., Dec. 10, '61 ; died Nov. 2, '62, aged ' 30. His widow, Clarissa, daughter of Wm . B. Eobinson, receives a pension. Asa L. Monroe, eon of Atherton Munroe, enlisted for 3 years iu Co. L. llth Vt reg.; died at Andersonville prison, June 24, '64 aged 19. Francis Murrat, a native of Canada, en listed Aug. 24, '62, for 3 years in Co. E, 5lh Vt. reg.; was instantly killed iu a skirmish at Funkstown, Md., July 10, '63. He was the first soldier killed from this town. His wid ow receives a pension. Edward Nye, son of Nathaniel Nye, en- PAWLET. 879 listed for 3 years in Co. B, 9th Vt. reg. He died in hospital. Mar. 30, '64, aged 23. Charles P. Tatlor, son of Samuel Tay lor, jr., enlisted in Co. B, 14th Vt. reg.; was sergeant ; died of measles, Apr. 10, '63, aged 26. He was energetic in recruiting his com pany, and held in the highest esteem. His remains were brought home for interment. Georoe W. Tatlor, son of Samuel Taylor, jr., enlisted for 3 years in Co. B. 2d Vt. reg.; died at Washington city. Sept 17, '61, aged 21. He was the first soldier from this lown who died in the service. Martin P. Wood, son of Luther B. Wood, enlisted for 3 years, Aug. 2, '62, in Co. B. 2d Vt reg.; instantly killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, '64, aged 27 years. Hia wid ow receives a pension. Willard Wood from Danby, enlisted in Co. C, 10th Vt reg., for 3 years ; drowned at Whilesford, Md., May 7, '63, aged 19. Augustus L. Weight, son of Wm. Wright, enlisted for 3 years, Aug. 22, '61, in Co. E, 5th Vt reg.» died Nov. 6, '61, aged 22. John Waeebn enlisted iu Co. F, I69th N. Y. reg; for 3 years. He was killed in stantly at the capture of Fort Fisher, '64. He was the youngest of four sons of a wid owed mother, all of whom were in the ser vice. His patriotic mother needs and de serves, but does not receive a pension. local mihtia. The revolutionary struggle, our critical re lations to New York, the constant apprehen sions of invasions from Canada, and the oc casional necceaaity of pulling down domeatic inaurrections, seem to have imbued our fath ers with a thorough military spirit from the first settlement of the town. Perhaps no town in the slate was more active in organiz ing uniformed military companies than thia. There were organized and maintained for a long period, four uniformed companiea he- aides the standing company, viz. The Ca valet. A company was in exis tence here before the cloae of the Eevolution, but we have no data from which to deter mine the precise time of its organization. The larger part of this company belonged lo this town, but there were men in it from Wells, Middletown and Danby. Ita captains from thia towu were Wm. Fitch, Joshua Cobb, Ozias Clark.Cyrus Wella, Joseph Clark, Daniel Welch, jr., Gideon A. Loomis, Eobert H. Smith, Lovine Bromley, Geo. W. Bromley, Isaac Crosby. The Light Aetillert. Formed in 1802, and furnished ' with a three pounder brass field-piece. Its captains were ; John Sar geant, James Pratt, Benjamin Fitch, David Cleveland, Willard Cobb, David Whedon, Ealph Sargent, Stephen Eeed, Ezekiel Beebe, Thomas Crocker, John Conant John Stearns, Benjamin Sage. The LiGflT Ineantrt. To which we have no means of fixing the date of the organiza tion but which was probably before the ar tillery. Its captains were : Elisha Averill, Joseph Adams, Seth Blossom, Josiah Munroe, Joel Harmon, jr., Abner Lumbard, James Sloane, Elisha Smith, Joshua D. Cobb. Eoy al Sargent, Walter Strong, John Fitch, Mah- lon Cook, Joaiah Toby, Hiram Wickham, George Willard, Jeremiah Bushee, Thomas J. Swallow. The Infantet. This company was in ex istence, prior to any other and was the basis of all the rest Its captains were : John Stark, Jonathau Willard, Johu Cobb, Na thaniel Smith, Jedediah Edgerton, Walden, Simeon Edgerton, jr., Seth Sheldon, Lyman B.eed, David Blakely, jr., John Cleveland, Leonard Utley, David Tryon, Sylvester Pitkin, Harvey Viets, James John son, Henry Viets, Joshua Hulett, jr. the pawlet band. , Besides the foregoing strictly military com panies, the Pawlet Band was organized about 1806. It was hansomely uniformed and re quired to muster for duly, at the same time the military companies met. It was under the command of a captain, who ranked as sergeant. Thia band was got up under the auspices of the lodge of Free-masona who furnished in part the instraments. It is said lo have been the first band organized in the State, and was greatly in request to play for masonic celebrations. Fourths of July, college commencements, and various other publio occasiona. We annex the original muster roll of the company, with such ad ditions aa were afterwarda made: Lovell Leaoh, Eobert Cox, Daniel Clark, Harvey Cook, Joshua D. Cobb, Philip Clark, Fitch Clark, John M. Clark, Eucard Stoddard, Si las Gregory, Nathan Allen, Harry Griswold, Nathan Stoddard, Eobert Wickham, Chas. F. 1 Edgerton, Elijah Weeks, David Carver, Geo. 880 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. H. Purple, James Pratt, jr., Alva Pratt, Ira Marks, John T. Barden, William Clark, Horace Penfield. The instraments of thia band, for a full company of 14, were as follows : 1 French horn, 1 bugle, 4 clarionets, 1 clarion, 5 bas- Boons, 1 violin, 1 drum. Its captains, whom we remember, wore Milton Brown and Asa S. Jones. The ordinary routine of duty for these several companies, was to meet on the first Tuesday of June in each year, for in spection of arma and drill, and ou the first Tuesday of Oct for drill and exercise, to which were sometimes added the performance of mock fights. They also attended general muster, once in 2 years, usually at Tinmouth, for review. Occasionally they met for brig ade review. The only compensation for all their services, and for keeping themselves uniformed, armed and equipped, was an ex emption from poll tax, worth to each one perhaps 75 cents per year. These companies continued in existence down to about 1840, wheu they were dis banded. Under the act of 1864, a military organ ization was effected in conjunction with Eu pert and Wells, consisting of 50 men, 30 of whom are from this town. Its present offi cers are, Adams L. Bromley, Capt, Phineas Paul, first Lieut, and Lucius M. Carpenter, aecond Lieut Thia company meets but once a year, has its uniform, arms and equipments found by the State and besides has pay fq; ita lime. The following field and general officers, be longed to this lown: Gen. Elisha Averill, Col. Stephen Pearl, Col. Wm. Fitch, Col. John Sargent, Col. Elisha Clark, Col. Ozias Clark, Col. Samuel Willard, Major Sylvanua Gregory, Major Moses Porter, Major Salmon Weeks. local government. By the laws of 1779, after the State gov ernment had gone into operation, a large share of criminal offences were punishable by whipping on the naked back, from ten to one hundred lashes, according to the nature and aggravation of the offence. For several crimes they were required lo wear in some conspicious place on their garments the initial letter of tho crime they had committed in ad dition to tho whipping. These laws inflict ing corporal punishment were continued aud modified from time to time unlil about 1816. | We ourselves remember an instance of its in fliction on a young lad who was convicted of theft, by Simon Stone, aecond constable. In the abaence of a common government each town managed its local affairs as best suited itself Each town elected a board, called at first, townsmen, and afterwards se lectmen, who exercised in their respective localities, about the same degree of abitrary power aa did the Council of Safety for tha State at large. (1867) TOWN OLEEKS. Simon Burton, 1769 ; Parmalee Allen, 1770; Gideon Adams, 1775 to 1813; Gideon A. Loomis, 1813 lo '14 ; John Edgerton„1815 to '26 ; Eliaha Allen, 1827 to '45 ; Harry Griswold, 1846 to '48, Martin D. Strong, 1849 to '54 ; Jerome B. Bromley, 1855; Fa yette Potter, 1856 to '57 ; Hiram Wickham 1858 lo the present time. SELECTMEN FEOM 1775 to 1867. David Castle, 1775, '76 ; Wm Filch, 1775 —'82 ; John Thompson, 1776 '83 ; Joel Har mon, 1776 — '96; Gideon Adams, 1777 — '80; Lemuel Clark, 1777— '88 ; Eoger Eose, 1777; John Stark, 1778— '83 ; John Stewart, 1778 ; Samuel Willard, 1773: Jedediah Eeed, 1779, Simeon Edgerton, 1781 — '98 : Zadoc Everest, n^l; John Abbott, 1781; Jonathan Wil lard, 1781— '89; Gideon Cobb, 1782; Elisha Clark, jr., 17S2 : Lemuel Chipman, 1783 '85; Seth Sheldon, 17-S4— '96; Nathaniel Smith, 1784; Benoui Smith, 17S5— '97; Elk anah Cobb, 1785; Moses Porter, 1786, '87; Elisha Fitch, 1786 : Ezekiel Harmon, 1786— '93 ; Stephen Pearl, 17S7 : Joseph Hascall, 1788— '99; James Hopkins, 1789; Joseph Fitch, 1790—96; Philip Eeed, 1793—98; Abisha Moseley, 1793— '96 ; Findley Mo Naughton, 1793— '96; John Cobb, 1793: Samuel Wright, 1797— '99 ; Johu Moseley, 1797, '98; Edmund Whedon, 1797; Daniel Fitch, 1798—1816; Asa Field 1798—1800; Samuel Eoae, 1799 : Wm. Poller, 1799 ; Jon athau Safford, 1800; John Sargent, 1800— '05; James Leach, 1800— '09; Ashbel Hol lister, 1801 ; Sylvanus Gregory, 1801 ; Ozias Clark, 1801 . Peter Stevens, 1802— '05 ; Ti tus A. Cook, 1802 ; Andrew Henry, 1803— '12 ; Josiah Toby, 1803, '04 ; James Pratt, 1805— '07; Joel Harmon, jr., 1805—07; lunett Hollister, 1806 — '12 ; Joseph Porter, 1808— '10; Benj. Filch, 1808— '13 ; John Guild, 1810, '11 ; Josiah Munroe, 1810, 'U ; PAWLET. 881 Palmer Cleveland, 1811— '13 ; Timothy Brewster, 1812, '13 ; Eeuben Smith, 1813— '15; Wm. Wallace, 1813, '14 ; Amoa Galusha, 1814, '15 ; David Cleveland, 1814— '17 ; Eeu ben Toby 1816— '18; Henry Wooster, 1816, '17; Phineas Strong, 1816 ; John Allen, 1817, '18; Joel Simonds, 1817, '18; Wm. Marsh, 1818; Ervin Hopkins, 1818; Joel Simonds, jr., 1819— 'SO ; Simeon Edgerton, jr., 1819 — 29; Joseph P. Upham, 1819— '29 ; Sam uel Wright, jr., 1825, '23 ; Paul Hulett, 1826 —29; Milton Brown, 1829— '34: Oliver Hanks, 1830— '36 ; Eeturn Strong, 1831, '32 ; James Leach, jr., 1833 — '42 ; Joshua D. Cobb, 1834 ; Joshua Potter, 1835— '42 ; Eobt H. Smith, 1837— '55 ; Nathan Allen, 1837, '38 ; Jeremiah Bushee, 1839 — '49 ; Ossian H. Simonds, 1843 ; Jonathan Staples, 1843, '44 ; David Carver, 1844 — '46; David Blakely, 1845—47; Jonathan Eandall, 1847; Hiel Hollister, 1847 ; Sheldon Edgerton, 1848, '49 ; Martin D. Strong, 1848 ; James Baldrige, 1849—55 ; Austin S. Whitcomb, 1.850—63 ; Lucius M. Carpenter, 1855 — '60 ; James M. Shaw, 1856—61 ; Henry E. Hosford, 1856 ; Hewit Blakeley, 1857— '60 ; Norman Win chester, 1861 — '67; Leonard Johnson, 1861 —'67; David G. Blossom, 1864— '67 ; Elisha B. Cook, 1864. constitutional ofpicees. Members of the council of Censoes — Jonathan Brace, 1785 ;' Nathaniel Harmon, 1834. Membees of the Constitutional Con- VEHiiON — Lemuel Chipman, 1791 ; Caleb Al len, 1793; James Leach, 1814; Benjamin Fitch, 1822 ; Joel Simonds, 1828 ; Nathaniel Harmon, 1836 ; Geo. W. Harmon, 1843 ; Eobert H. Smith, 1850. State Sehate — Elisha Allen, 1843— Eepresentatives to the General Ab SEMBLT since 1778— Zadoc Evereat, 1778 ; Gideon Adama, 1796—1802; Benjamin Filch, 1814-'22 Wm. Fitch, 1781— '84 ; Simeon Edgerton, 1780—82 ; Joel Harmon, 1783 ; Lemuel Chipman, 1785 — '93 ; Joseph Haa- cill, 1794; Nathaniel Smith, 1794— '96 ; John Sargent, 1803; Ephraim Fitch, 1803— '06 James Leach, 1807— '09 ; luuetl Holliater, 1817— '19 ; Phineas Strong, 1819—20 ; Oli ver Hanks, 1823— '26 ; Eeturn Strong, 1827 —'29; Milton Brown, 1830—32; Elisha Al len, 1833, '34 ; Sheldon Edgerton, 1846—49; Joshua Potter, 1837; David Blakely, 1838, '39 ; Horace Wilcox, 1840, '41 ; Hiel Hollis ter, 1842 ; Ira Marks, 1844—46 ; Charles F. Edgerton, 1844, '45 ; Eobert H. Smith, 1850, '51 ; Daniel H. Bromley, 1852, '53 ; Charles Allen, 1854, '65; Asa A. Monroe, 1856, '57 ; James Leach, 1859, '60; A. Sidney Hough ton, I86I, '62 ; Ervin Pratt, 1863, '64 ; Lucius M. Carpenter, 1865, '66. Countt Judges, John Stark, 1778 ; Lem uel Chipman, 1788- '93 ; Elisha Allen, 1848 —'50. Sheriff, Jacob Edgerton, 1841 — '61. Deputt Sheriffs, Eeturn Strong, Walter Strong, Jacob Edgerton, Abraham Edgerton, Moses P. Fitch, Jam^s Eice, Fayette Blakely. Postmasters, From 1808, Dorastus Fitch, 1809—27; George H. Purple, 1828—30; Horace Clark, 1836— '39 ; Eussell C. Wheeler 1833— '37 ; Elisha F. Eogers, 5 months, 1839 Daniel P. Taylor, 1840, '41 ; Thomas J. Swal low, 1842— '45; Charles W. Potter, 1851— '61 ; Martin D. Strong, 1850— '53 ; Mosea P. Fitch, 1834; J.ames Eice, 1862— '67.. At West Pawlet, from 1852, Thomas D. Sheldon, 5 months 1853 ; Leonard Johnson, 1854; Orson F. Belts, 1855; Martin V. B. Pratt, 1856— '61 ; John A. Orr, 1862— '67. From 1790 to 1820, this town was repre sented 10 years by federals and 20 years by democrats, the lown being all the time near ly evenly balanced. The war which closed in 1815, finished the federal party. For some 10 years no party lines were drawn. When Gen. Jackson was presented to the people as a candidate for president in 1824, he received but six votes in town, but his friends grew apace and soon became numerous. In 1828, the anti- masonic party organized ; then there were three parties in ,town, the antimasonic the most numeroas, never succeeded in elect ing its candidates aa the other parlies would unite against it In 4 or 5 years the antima- sons disbanded and were absorbed in other parties. About 1832, the whig party, mauy of whose original leaders were democrats, was organized aud during its whole existence had a majority in this lown, though aometimea defeated on personal grounds. In 1855, the American party waa suddenly sprung upou us ; but it elected its ticket but one year, and fell back to the old parties. In the last great battle which had to be fought at home as well as in the field, the anion party in this town had an immense majority. And let it S1«1 382 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. be here remarked that in all the mutations of party from 1766 to 1867, this town has ever been loyal to tho national government, and has paid over its cash and filled ita quota, with alacrity and promptness. LOCAL literature. Whatever the inhabitants of tbi^ lown for the laat hundred years may have been, and whatever they may have done, they are not cliargcible wilh much waste of printer's ink. After diligent inquiry, we were able lo find in print, a sermon delivered before the legis lature of Vermont, Oct 8, 1812, by Eev. Isaac Beall ; a funeral sermon delivered at the village, Jan. 12, 1813, by Eev. John Griswold, on the occasion of the death of Ephraim Fitch, who was killed instantly in his mill ; and a singing manual, by Joel Har mon, jr. Besides these, we believe a few sermons and controversial pamphlets have been printed and numerous contributions to the magazine and newspaper press have been furnished. We quote from Mr. Griswold's discourse on the character of Ephraim Fitch. "He was a man of great usefulness and ex tensive connections. Perhaps no man among us did more business of various kinds than he. As to his connections, he had a wife and large family, was himself a member of a large family of his father's, a member of the fraternity of Free-masons, of the Washington Benevolent Society, and of the Cong. Society, so that his relative and social connectioas were large. As to his usefulness : as a son he was respectful ; as a brother, he was loving ; as husband, kind ; as a parent, tender and in dulgent; he provided well for hia family; as a neighbor, he was obliging ; as a magistrate, prompt to do justice. He was a constant at tendant on public worship, a friend lo good order, and contributed freely for the support of the gospel. He had done much towards the erection of a building for the instruction of the rising generation. Now why should such a man bo taken away in the midst of hi.s uael'ulness 7 Can we pry into the counsels of God and search out his reason.s ? No ! we can only say, 'Even so, Father, for so it soemod good in thy sight.'" " To our view numbers could be spared bettor. We should not feel the loss in soci ety of twenty or more, we could name so much as the loss of him, and we can scarcely think of any but that could be as well spared." In 1809, Jool Harmon, jr., published the Columbian Minstrel, which contained only 53 tunos and anthems. Perhaps nol one of these tunes ia now in use. It would aeem from the preface that they were original composi tions. We extract briefly from the preface. " Having been frequently aolicited by those who are in the practice of music to publish my compositions for the benefit of thoss who have entered or may hereafter en ter on this delightful and sublime art, I have been induced to offer the public the follow ing work. It is hoped that none will ba disappointed that fuging music ia in gen eral omitted." an eclipse. The moon at her zenith of splendor and might. Was dispensing tho beams of her pure mellow light. Far around her cerulean throne; The earth became envious while viewing the scene. And unceremoniously roll'd in between That beautiful orb and the sun. " I will show her," she said " that her glory shall wane And the borrowed light of which she's so vain, Sliall leave ber in dusky dishonor. And 'twill humble her pride as she sits in my stiade, Uer luster departed — her beauty decayed, That a milliun of eyes are upon her.^' The clouds — she had done them somo service it seems Had fringed their dark robes with lier silvery beams. And light on their pathway had cast ; 'When they saw what was coming — incurtained her throne And a mantle drew o'er her — sweet Charity's own — Till her transient misfortune was passed. But the stars felt no sympathy — this was their day — So they burnished their spangles and twinkled away. E.xultmg it seemed, at her fall ; She was subject to changes, they new from her birth, — And should she emerge from the shadow of Earth, They feared she might outshine them all. But there was one thought — not a fanciful one, That the moon when thus darkened — shut out from the sun, 'Was au emblem thodgh f.-eble and dim ; Of the Soul, when estranged from the presence of God, It has wandered so far from its heaven-ward road. That the World gets between* and Him. 0, then, let me count all afflictions as light. Though the billows of time in their uttermost might Unceasingly over me roll ; But 0 1 uiay I never the bitterness know, The depth of despair — inexpressible wo, Of a total eclipse of the soul. Mary Edgerton. MAY-BLOOMS. BY M.4RY ROBINSON. Up the maple-shaded street. Comes the sound of children's feet. And their voices drop like rain, AVhile the hills talk back again. And they wander here and there, 'With their feet so brown and bare. Clasping bands brown as their feet, Up and down the shaded street. There is Allle with dark eyes. Deeply shaded from th© skies. And a heart as gently kind As the flowers or the wind. PAWLET. 8S3 Faunie's pink dreaa has a grace Like some beauty robed in lace; And the May-blooms 'round her head Give her feet a queenly tread. Little Willie used to come — Now he's in the Sunset Home I And we miss him at onr door Since his small feet come no more I There's Ellie, with her shining head, And her brown feet's winsome tread, Prom her wee checked bonnet looks Volumes of sweet story-books. In Kittie's hand I almost know May-blooms in the spring time grow, And I think tbey are more fair When they bud and blossom there I And Johnnie leads the little band, As they wander hand in band With their sweot and childish faces And their winsome ways and graces. So through every pleasant day, In the sweet young month of May, Comes the music of their feet Up the maple-shaded street. BONNIE JUNE. BY MAEY ROBINSON. She moves like the soft southern wind, In fragrant drapery drest ; And lingers a moment, to lift The leaves from the robin's nest. Down, down iu the beautiful vale She bears her sunshine and flowers — A blessing for little children, A balm for life'a weary hours. Sbe twineth green leaves and mosses With buds, rose-tinted and blue — She strews them along the wayside. And fills their sweet eyes with dew. She carries her delicate gifta Away o'er monntain and hill, Till clovers and white fringed daisies The sunshiny meadows fill. Oh, beautiful June, with her shining hours, Festooned with rose-tinted buds and flowers ! Under each little brown cover, All under the dead leaves dry, She scatters a wealth of blossoms As softly blue as the sky— And her email hands never weary Ofthe pleasant task begun; Through the purple and golden hours She silently worketh on. We love to think as coming years Shall quietly pass away, Her eyes will bend above our forma As beautiful aa to-day — Summer's roses will come again And swing to the river's tune, But my heart grows sad when I think That lAft has no second June I Oh, weep for Life's beautiful summer fled — For the June that lies 'neath the rosea, deadl HB IS GONE! BY MARY ROBINSON. "Hark ! through the dim woods dying With a moan; Faintly the winds are sighing, He is gone ! He sleeps I thy brother hath Iain down to rest, Hath folded Death's nmntlo close over his breast — He heeds not the storm as it stirreth around, Or the sobbing rain with its dreary sound. • Tbo belt in life'a temple has long ceased to chime; Its windowa are closed and o'er grown thick with vine — The hinges for rust can be turned nevermore; Ye can ne'er again loosed that golden door! Sweet be hia slumbers, and soft be his bed 'Neath the young maple's shade where they've pillow ed his head : E'en cherish the daisy, that tenderly creeps To bless with ita sweet eye the place where he sleeps. When gold gathers bright in the western sky, And day lieth down on her couch to die — When the little bird ftddeth her wings to rest And twilight comes slowly in grey robe drest^ Go, sit where he rests — not with tearful eye ! Why should ye be sad, his spirit is nigh I Sing sweetly and low some dear olden song ; He'll join thee then as in days long gone. Do ye not know of that beautiful land, Where with perfumed breezes the flowers are fanned! Of waving palms, and vine-shaded seats — Of sparkling fountains and golden streets ? I can see him now as he sitteth there — And his face is young and passing fair I He calls and waits on the " further shore" — Waits and watches from Heaven's door I Our fathers' leading idea was to grow wheat both for home use and with which to raise money to pay for their land. Brought up on the hrown bread of old Connecticut, they hoped by coming here, to indulge in the wheaten loaf. But their high raised expec tations were not fully realized. Most of the newly cleared fields produced wheat in lux uriance, and some fields held out for a long series of years. But to speak generally wheat growing was a failure. Many of our first settlers allured by the splendid reputation for the wheat growing of Orwell and other lake-towns, emigrated thither, among whom were several families of Clark's, Smith's, Cobb's, Perkin's, etc. Those clay-bottoms^eld out better than our soils. By degrees our people had to fall back on the brown bread of their fathers. The coarser grains yielded abundant harvests, but were of small account f$r distant markets ; hence distilleries were introduced to absorb our surplus grain which was about as valua- 8SI VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ble for feed after the alcohol was extracted as before ; but in a few years, from 1820 to 1830, these crops sensibly diminiahed and a new impetus was given to emigration. The west was now open for settlement and families em igrated as they had never done before. Heavy canvas covered wagons, many of them drawn by o.xon, could be seen en route for the West having the words " bound for the Ohio" en- blazoned on their sides. This caused a heavy drain on ojir population wbich our well- known reputation for " raising men,'' could not sustain and our population rapidly de clined. Several considerable flettlements in the more remote quarters of the town were abandoned and some highwaya discontinued. The introduction of manufactures before, and during this period, partially stayed this tide of emigration, yet it has Mowed out ever since and there has been no reflux, to the present day. When our lands were in some measure worn out by a succession of grain crops, we betook ourselves to the dairy and sheepfold to recruit our exhausted fields. Improved breeds of catttle aud sheep were introduced and improved processes of cheese- making have been constantly going ou till they have culminated in the establishment of cheese factories. The cultivation of root- crops has been extended, particularly of pota toes which have been raised in large quanti ties, at first, for starch, and since the rail road was opened, for shipment lo city mar kets. Fruit-growing has from the start received great attention. Apple orchards were every where planted in great abundance, and in virgin soil throve well wilh little care. Aa you pass through the town, some parts of which are deserted by its inhabitants, wher ever you see a clump of apple trees you may be sure that near that spot some one under took lo establish for himself a home. The smaller fruita were not neglected and plums, cherries, grapes and pears flourished luxuri antly ; strenuous but unavailing efforts were made to acclimate the peach. On newly cleared fields the blackberry and raspberry grew iu abundance, while the meadows teemed with strawberries and the mountaina with whortleberries ; but old age and the se verity of our wintoi* are fast destroying our apple-treea and other early planted fruits, and wild spontaneous fruita are growing scarce. However, improved varieties of apples, pears, plums, grapes, and cherries are being introduced, and the strawberry and other small fruits are being cultivated iu gar dens and upon the whole, the present condi tion and prospects of the town, though some of our hillsides and badly managed farms may be less productive than formerly, were never in a more flourishing condition than at the present time. The value of farms has appreciated full 25 per cent on the gold stand ard wilhin the last 5 years. MANUFAOTUEES. One of the earliest and not the least im portant manufactures of the town was the salts of ashes. Along with this, was the manufacture of maple sugar and the same kettles served to boil down the sap which were nsed to make potash. For nearly half a century moat of the cloth used in families was made at home. The price for a week's work spinning was 43.{66f cts.) and for housework 4s. 6d. A neighbor al my elbow relates this anecdote. His fath er had occasion to call ou Gov. Thomas Chit tenden on publio business, who il is well known kept a wayside tavern in Charlotte. After the Governor's wife had with her own hands prepared supper and cleared up things, she took her position by the kitchen fire and carded wool till a late hour, while the Gover nor was in the bar-room alternately transact ing official business and waiting on customera at the bar. About 1800, the first carding-machine brought on this continent was sel up at Mid dle Granville, N. Y., by James Smith. The price of carding was 10 cents per pound. Ful ling and cloth-dresaing mills were iu use at au early day, but how early we cannot say. There was one at West Pawlet, run by Wal ter Jennings, in 1812, aud we believe at the village at an earlier date. Jonathan Stevens and John Strong built a woolen-factory at Wesl Pawlet in 1812, which was the first in town. About the same lime Doct. John Sar gent built a woolen-factory near the present site of Enoch Colvin's factory. This latter was run several years by Royal Sargent and other parties until it fell into the hands of Asa S. and Joel Jones, who run it until it was burned, about 1842. Asa S. Joues soon after built the mill on the road, which he sold in PAWLET. SS") 1846, lo Robert Blakely, who run it {the lat ter part of the time in connection wilh his sou William) unlil 1865, when it was sold to Enoch Colvin. Al an early day, Capt. Abner Lumbard run a fulling and cloth-dressing-mill at the vil lage and also a woolen factory, part of the time in connection with his son Chester. About 1812, Willard Cobb built a factory on Wella brook near the bridge. Jonathan Ste vens run the factory at West Pawlet 2 or 3 years, when he went into Cobb's factory, which was soon after burnt. The war wilh England brought all these factories into ex istence ; at its termination they were all com pelled to atop. Jonathan Stevens continued the busiuess iu a small way until 1832, when he put up a large factory ou Pawlet river near the lower covered bridge, which did a good business unlil il was burned iu 1852. He then set up the busineas in Granville, N. Y„ which ia still continued by his son Robert. There have been 7 grist-mills in lown, all bat three on Pawlet river. The first was on Wella brook, built by Remember Baker about 1768 ; the next was built at the village, about the same lime, by William Bradford, on Flower brook ; the next on the site of the Ked mill, by Col Samuel Willard, in 1783, which waa soon burned and the present mill erected; the next near the lower covered bridge on Pawlet river, about the same time, by Capt. Benoni Smith ; the next, near the Frary bridge, about 1790, by William Hanks; the next near Smith Hills, by Seth Blossom, Ashbel Hollister and Safford Haeoall. There was also a mill al Weat Pawlet, built by Ed mund Whedon. Of theae ouly one, the Eed mill, is now in existence, run by Charles F. Edgerton. There have been 6 or 8 saw-mills in towu, which are now reduced to the one at the village, run by David Andrus. Several small eatablishments were set up in various parts of the lown for the manufac ture of leather ; one on Seely Brown's land, hy Wesley Perkins ; one near the Frary bridge, by Ebenezer Eollin, aud one ou our premises, by Ephraim Jones. These were short lived. There were three larger estab lishments, one at the village, run by Asahel Fitch aud others ; one south of the village, run by David Weeks and hia sona Rich and Seth B„ aud one on Indian river on the premi ses of C. S. Bardwell, by Palmer Cleveland & sons. There is now no tannery in town. There were trip-hammers on Wells brook, by William Maher ; on Flower brook, by Nathaniel Eobinson, and on Indian river, by C. S. Bardwell, for the manufacture of edge- tools and machinery. The latter is the only one iu existence. There have beeu 5 distilleries for the man ufacture of whiakey from rye and corn, and brandy from cider ; one at the village, run by Doraatua Filch ; oue at Weat Pawlet, run last by Theron Norton ; one ou Alex. Clay ton's premises, ruu by Leonard Utley, one near the centre of the town, by John Edger ton and others ; one near Curtia Week's by Mr. Savage, but were all closed 30 yeara ago. A flax-dressing mill waa built in 1820, by Ashbel Holliater, which run a few years. A mill for cleaning clover-seed waa built in 1807, by Seely Brown, which run 15 years, A linseed-oil-mill iu 1814, built by Samuel Wright, jr., and others, run some 20 years. A mill for making potato-starch, by Ira Marks on Indian river, waa built in 1843. The next year one waa setup on Pawlet river by onraelf aud Seth Stearna. Both these did a large business several yeara. A stave-mill for the manufacture of shocks for the aouth ern market waa run near tbe lower covered bridge, by Ebenezer Hayward, which cloaed in 1865. Lime was burned in the soulh part of the town, by Jame^Cook and others, quite a number of years. Provision-barrels were made several years on the premiaea of Stephen MoFaddon by Samuel Baldwin and Jonathau Monroe, and cheese-caska and boxes just above by Nathaniel G. Folger. Cheese-boxes were made at norlh Pawlet 2 or 3 years by machinery moved by sleam. The only cheese- box-factory now in existence in towu ia at the village, by David Andrus. Hats were manufactured al the village by Maj. Sylvan us Gregory and his son Silas Gregory, 40 or 50 years. A stocking-factory waa run at the village several years by Ira Marks. Palrher Cleveland & Sons, about the year 1825, put in extensive machinery for dressing hemp and flax, and constructed a pool for water- rotting them. This buainess was carried on several years. Floraee and Leonard Johnaon made cheese-boxes at West Pawlet 2 or 3 years, and Peter Goodspeed followed the same business near the Frary bridge. EMIGRATION". II haa often been made the subject of regret, that BO many of our people Aould emigrate, S83 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and so many of the old homesteads should be aliandoned. Westward between the parallels of 40 and 45 there is scarcely a county or even a town that haa not a, repreaenlation from this lown. Notwithstanding the decadence of our me chanical and manufacturing interests, and a loss of fifty per cent of our population, oar primary sohoola keep step with the spirit of the age, and never before were our religious institutions ao liberally auatained. Our peo ple are mainly self-reliant and fewer instan ces of destitution now exist than perhaps at any former period. Real estate never before sold higher on the gold standard. Though we have but one amall factory and only one mill, a saw mill — stocked mainly from an other lown, we still live and our sensibil ities are so obtuse we count ourselves a pros perous people. EDUCATION. Schools were established as soou as a suffi cient number of scholars could be gathered in any locality. The progress of the aettle ment can be better traced by the number of the school district than by any other means. Money scarce, the better qualified would fre quently take turns in teaching with little or no compensation. If nothing better could be had a deserted log cabin would be fitted up for a achool-room. Our early schools were limited to reading, writing, spelling and arithmetic. It waa rare that the latter waa extended beyond the rule of three. For girla it waa uot common to learn arithmetic. Those who first learned grammar, perhaps, as early as 1810, were considered prodigies. Our district schools now, almoat rival colleges iu the extent of their course of study. Provision was made in the charter of the lown for one share (250 acres) for the benefit of schools, to which was added by stale leg islation the share reserved for a church glebe and the share roaorved for the Society for Propagating the Gospel m foreign parts This last, was, however, taken from the towu by a decision of the U. S. supreme court. There have been 17 school districts in town. There aro now II ; in but 10, schools are now kept. Besides, there are two frac tional districta in connection wilh Eupert and Wella. Many of the firat settlera were educated men— several of them graduates of college. Measures were taken about the beginning of this century for the establishment of au academy or grammar school. A commodi ous brick edifice was erected near the village in which the higher branches were taught, usually two terms in the year, fall and win ter, until its destruction by fire in 1845. We regret we cannot insert the namea of its foun ders. Only a few of the namea of ita precep tors can be given, most of whom were grad uates of college, or members of the senior clasa, among whom were Messrs. Barber and Smith, Meeker, Ira M. Allen, Mervin Allen, John Stuart, Lamaon Miner. When the Metbodiat church on the hill was vacated in 18-54, it was fitted up for an academy under tbe auspices of Eev. Jason F. Walker, its first principal. He waa as- sisted and succeeded by Edwin I. Spink. The succession of principals haa been about aa follows : Henry H. Buxton, Samuel A. Burnham, A. J. Blakely, John L. Edgerton, John Wiseman, Collma Blakely and Mr. Fradenburgh, who have taught the school one or more terma each. In 1869, an Academy was opened in West Pawlet which was built by subscription at the cost of •$ 5.000. Our citizens have not beeu unmindful of colleges aud other literary institutions, and have contributed to endow Middlebury Col lege, Troy Conference Academy, Hamilton Theological Seminary and other institutions. The following peraons, settlers and natives, have graduated al the several institutions named : (1) *Daniel Hascall, 1806, M.; * Hip pocrates Bowe, 1808, M.; Fitch Chipman, ISOS, M.; ^John Sargent, jr., 1811, M.; Beriah Green, jr., 1819, M.; Miner Pratt, 1823, M., Elijah W. Plumb. 1824, M.; *Ferris Fitch, 1826, M.; * Rollin F. Strong, 1829, M,; Aza riah R. Graves, 1S33, M., *Jaoob E. Blakely M,; Meritt Harmon, 1S25. M.; Job H. Mar tin, 1S2'>; Azariah Hyde, 1838; Fayette Poller, U.; *Horace Allen, U.; Sheldon Blakely. U.; A. Judson Blakely, U.; Collins (1.) M. for Middlebury College, U. for Union College, W. U. for Wesleyan University, 0. M. for Castleton Medical CoUege, C. A.for Castleton Academy, N. G. for North QranTillo Ladies Seminary, T. C. A. for Troy Conference Academy, G. S. for Glenwood Seminary, D. for Dartmouth College, T. for Yale College, N.J. or New Jersey College, T. for Trinity College, A . 0. C. for Albany Commercial College, U. V. for University of A'ormont. A star * prefixed to those known to be deceased. PAWLET. SS7 day. New Jerusalem, which will be remem bered by all our older citizens, is a represen tative tune of this class. The parts falling in oae after another, each part singing differ ent words at the same time, are thought to represent the clangor anti confusion of the battle field ; the bass the deep toned artil lery, the tenor the rattling fire of musketry, the counter the crack of the rifle, and the treble the bugle blast heard over all. The fastidious did not relish this medley of sound, and the first effort on record to intro duce a difi'ereQl style was made by Joel Har mon, jr., of thia town, who published a sing ing manual in 1809. The tunes in his book were of his own composition and in express opposition to what he stylea " fuging " mu aic. But this did not take aud his book nev er got into general use. Fugue music pre vailed until about 1820, when it fell into disuse and substantially the style of musio now in uae was substituted. The oldest teacher of mu^i; here, of whom we have any tradition, waa Dea. Seth P. Sheldon, of Rupert, who taught aa early as 1782. We next hear of Dea. Benoni Ad ams, who taught in both parts of the town. Joel Harmon, jr., before referred lo, taught music classes and attempted to reform the style. Rev. John Griswold and Oliver Hanks also taught music over 60 years ago. About the beginning of thia century, Eliakim D lolittle (uncle of Hon. James R. Doolittle, senator iu congresa from Wisconsin) also pub lished a singing-book and taught singing. He was a child of song and no mean compo ser. In his later years, nervous and sensi tive, impulsive and excitable, in tattered garb, with untrimmed locks and beard, in a state bordering ou insanity, he wandered through our streets for many a year, the ter ror of timid women and children, and found real only when lodged in his grave. We will not undertake lo mention the different teach ers of music since 1820, wheu Rev. Lemon Andrus taught. A few good singers and teachers have been developed in this towu, none of whom are better known and appre ciated than James Whedon and Dr. A. Sid ney Houghton. The prejudice against instrumental church musics cherished .by our puritan ancestry, has come down almost to our own time. A bass-viol waa at 'firat barely tolerated but now melodeons and cabinet organs are in uae iu all our ohurchea. Blakely, U.; Quincy Blakely, V. D.; *Festus Hanks; N. J.; Charles Winchester, W. U.; * Lucien B. Wright, T.; * Jonathan Brace, Y,; * larael Smith, Y.; * Noah Smith, Y.; Warren B. Sargent, C. M ; Nathan Judson, C. M.; Isaac Munroe, C. M.; * Wm. U. Edgar- ton, C. M. John Cook, C. M.; Aaron Good- speed, C. M,; Socrates H. Tryon, C. M;. Nel son Munroe, C. M., R. G. Munroe, C. M.; Egbert H. Carver, A. C. C,; Sarah Allen, T. C. A.; Mary Allen, T. C, A.; Lucy B. Hurl burt, T. CA.; Lettie T, Lincoln, T. C. A.; Jane Bromley, T. C. A ; Louise Culver, N. G.; Helen M, Bromley, G. S,; Maria Conant, C. A.; Ann Smith, C. A.; Cornelia Hawkins, C. A Honorary — Ervin Hopkins, 1817, A. M. M.; Jonathan S. Green, A. M. .\I : Fayette Shipherd, 1830, A. .M M,; Elijah W. Plumb, D. D. JI.; Levi H. «tone, A. M. .\I. About the l;ime the academy was built a library was procured by subscription, which waa first kept by Rev. John Griswold, but as far back as we can remember, by Dea. Eze kiel Harmon. It was free only to subscri bers, and it contained many choice books aud was uaed until most of tl.e books were worn out. In 1830, a library of periodicals was established at the village, comprising the American Encyclopedia of 13 volumes, aud most of the higher class quarterly and month ly magazines publiahed in this country. This coatinued a few 3'eara wheu the library waa broken up. Soon after a neal and choice library was established at the .village on $ 5, snbaoriptiona, of which a few avail themaelves. During the earlier years of our town but few periodicala circulated, and thoae small country papers distributed weekly by post- ridera. The citizena are now receiving through the poat-office aa followa : daily pa pers, 5; semi -weekly, 29; weekly 283; bi-monthly, 73; monthly, 200, aud tri weekly, 1 ; embracing in the whole 591 copies. Till within about 100 yeara New England muaic was traditional and not set to notes, the deacon lining the hymn, and the whole congregation joining iu the song. The firat attempt to introduce note singing encount ered bitter hoatility. The peace of churchea waa destroyed and in some instancea they were broken up. The Revolution develop ed a new style, called fugue music, in sympa thy with the clash and excitement of the VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. An instrumental band was organized in 1802, which continued to play over thirty years. In 1811, a apirited brass band was got up by James Whedon iu West Pawlet, which continued several yeara. THE OLD SCHOOL HOUSE. A description of the school- houae and school in which we received our education from 1811 to 1820; a plain plank building, on one end an immense alone-chimney, through which there was a grand prospect of the sky, and whose jaws would hold a half- cord of wood — a writing table running round next the wall, a row of benches in front made of alaba inverted, aupported on pins like carpentera' horaea, a few low benches in the center, a desk iu the corner next the chimney on wliich lay the ferule. The teacher would call the school to order and invest oue of the scholars with the rule whose duty it waa to pass the rule lo the firat transgresaor of the rules of school, who relieved guard, and pasaed it to the next de linquent, and so on, with the comforting as surance whoever got tho rule twice, or had it when school cloaed should have it applied lo hia own palm. The plan served its purpose ; order and stiUneaa prevailed. These ferul- ings were no joke. We have seen ridges raised on both the hands of a delicate girl who would laugh in the face of the master while a cowardly boy would make a loud outcry and be let off ea sily. It was a matter of principle wilh the children not to cry if they could help doing so. When flagellations failed, we were some times required to extend our arm at a right angle with a heavy rule or book in our haud, the master standing near to rap our kiwicklea if our arm fell below a horizontal line. Or we would be seated on an andiron or a block of wood near the chunney-corner, which would be called a dunce-block and the achol ars be required to point the finger of scorn at us, and wheu wholly incorrigible, aa a last resort wo would be placed between two girls. Wo wilted then. But alas I auch waa the hardoning naturo of thia capital punishment ita frequent repetition reconciled ua to it, and as wo grew older, we even Jjegan lo relish it. Arithmetic was taught the boys, and need lework the girls (in Summer), all learned reading, writing and spelling. Proficiency in .spelling waa the test of scholarship. Web ster's old spelling book was at our tongues end and the English Reader learned by heart. The teacher would sel our copies and mend our goose-quill pens and pay little fur ther attention to our writing. The solution of the problems in Adam's old arithmetic waa the work of years. Grammar waa stud ied by the large boya iu winter. We remem ber all our leachera by name. Augustus Frank who was member of Congress from Genesee County, N. Y., waa our firat teacher. Daniel Dana, a veteran old teacher, known all over town, waa another. Mary Lee, who married Rev. Alleu Gravea and went mission ary lo Burmah, was another. Under these favoring circumstances we were graduated at the old "Braintree " school-house at the age of 14. The last teacher who gave the fin ishing touches, we recollect was employed at the extravagant price of $ 7., per month of 26 daya. Our school ouly numbered from 60 to 80 scholars. Fifty yeara ago there were not half a doz en carriages iu lown, and thoae, old quill- wheel concerns. The common farm-wagon was the vehicle of pleasure as well as of business. The power-loom, the spinning and sewing machines had not been heard of Instead of the clumsy irou hoe, shovel and fork, we have the same articles of steel. It may safely be aasumed that two-thirds of the la bor of iarming and nine-teutha of the labor of manufacturing are saved by the imple ments aud machinery now in common use. Fifty yeara ago water for household and farm use was obtained from a spring or brook, or perhapa from a well, while now al most every house and yard is supplied either through pipes or by the aid of pumps. The well-aweep is swept away. HARD TIMES AFD SEASONS. During the winter of 1780-81 snow fell to a great depth. It ia handed down by tradition, 50 successive days the snow did uot melt ou the south side of buildings. This severe weather fell with crushing efi'ect on our settlera, poor ly supplied with forage for their cattle and comfortable dwellings for themaelves. In 1789, there were abort crops aud great desti tution ; in 1805, no rain from seeding-time in Spring, to harvest time — au almost utler losa of Spring-aown crops. PAWLET. Bat 1816, in our remembrance, was the great year of famine ; ever since referred to as the cold summer. There was scarcely a bushel of corn raised in towu, and great des titution and distress the following winter aad spring; many cattle. perished and many people were reduced to the laat extremity. Wheu harvest time came, iu 1817, thoae who had early crops divided with thoae who had none ; aome of the grain being out so green it had lo be kiln dried before it could be ground into flour. It was not the habit of the people to lay up stores beforehand, aud we had then uo Weat to supply us with bread. The last fifty years there has beeu uo gen eral failure of crops, though in 1826, the grasshoppers consumed nearly every green thing. They were different from the ordina ry grasshopper and filled the air in such numbers as almost to cast a shadow, and the next year the caterpillar, or army worm strip ped fruit and foreat treea of their foliage, and marched from weat to east in search of fresh fielda. In the west part of the town many fruit treea and moat of the sugar maples were deatroyed. Since then the labor of the hus bandman has seldom beeu unrewarded. With many of our fathers the one absorb ing sentiment was the establishment of a homeatead and its perpetuation in the family. For this they planned and toiled ; privations sweetened by the thought, they were prepar ing a home for themaelves and thoae deareat to them and with pride aud complacency looked upon the fielda they had reacued from the domain of nature, the buildings and im provementa they had made. Not content merely with a homeatead for themaelvea, many of them made the greateat exertions to settle all their children around them aud become a patriarch in their midat. The abaorbing thought of their old age, waa how to diapose of their paternal acrea that they might remain integral aud undivided in the family. Nor waa this attachment confined to the parent. How many pleasant memories clus ter around the spot where our childhood was paaaed. With what undying intereat do our minda revert to the acenes of our early life, the streams iu which we bathed and angled, the hilla on which we gathered nuts and hunted game, the mountains where we picked the berries, the fields and the gardens through which our earliest footstepa roamed, the or chard whoae every tree had a name, the school-house where our young ideas learned to shoot, the play-ground where we followed our sports. But the children, allured by flattering pros pects elsewhere, left the paternal mansion, some never to return, and mauy times draw ing after them thoae very parenta who had fondly hoped here lo spend their declining years and lay their bones. The fever ot em igration pervaded whole families and com munities. They gathered up their house hold gooda and followed iu the wake of the setting sun. Where now are the Chipmans, the Fitches, the Hascalls, the Adamses, the Porters, the Harmons, the Strongs, and hundreds of othera that occupied these lands and filled our high places ? Our fathers, where are Ihey ? Our children, where are they ? How few of the loved homes of our fathers are retained by their children I AHTI-SLAVERT. The first instance on record of the manu mission of slaves by military authority look place in this towu in 1777. Capt. Ebenezer Allen, in command of a company of Col. Her rick'a regiment of Rangers, while on a scout ing expedition within the Britiah linea, cap- lured two slaves. In a rescript dated ''Head Quarters, PoUet, 24th Nov. 1777," he seta them free.* Among those of our native and adopted citizens who have beeu conspicuous in their advocacy of equal righta we may mention William Marah, Rev. Beriah Green, Eev. Fay ette Shipherd, Ozias Clark and Paul Hulett. William Marsh lifted hia voice, wielded his pen, and emptied his purae iu behalf of lib erty. "Beriah Green conaecraled his splendid gifts of oratory lo the promotion of the same great object, and was untiring in organizing and conoeutrating effort lo bear on the great question. Fayette Shipherd employed hia graceful and impressive powers of elocution lo educate the masses and imbue them wilh the spirit of liberty. Ozias Clark and Paul Hulett were steadfast old " wheel-horses." On one occasion when we were present the trustees of the Congregational church refused lo open their doors for an anti-slavery lecture, and when Deaoon Clark sent for the key it ' * See Vol. II. p;B80. 890 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. waa refuaed. " I can get that key aaid he, and strode off down the road — and he got it. We were not then conacioua of the malignant power of slavery, to effect the overthrow of \vhioli haa cost our country so many thou sands of lives and so many millions of treas ure. Among our earlieat and foremost advocates of teinperanoe were Rev. Fayette Shipherd, Col. Oziaa Clark, Dea. Joseph Porter, Sylves ter Pitkin aud John Fitch. GAME. An anecdote -is told of Eliaha Pratt, father of Capt. Jamea Pratt. In common with other settlers he was sometimes in a state of great destitution. One Sabbath morning, while en gaged in reading his Bible, his wife discov ered a fine buck in his wheat field near by and handed him hia rifle saying, there is a noble buck, out there, we are almost starv ing, had you not better shool him ? No ! he replied. The Lord hath sustained us and kept ua alive thus far, and if it ia hia will that we should have that deer to keep us from starv ing He will cause il to come some other day. The deer did make his appearance another day and was secured. In so high estimation were deer held that before the organization of a State government regulations were made lo protect them from destruction from December to June. Deer- rifts were among the first officera elected in town, whoae duty waa lo enforce these regu lations. The abundance of game, as well as the ne- cesaities of their situation, led our fathera to cultivate a taste for hunting, trapping, etc. On one occasion Ansel Whedon, who waa sec ond to none in relish for theso sports, went out cooning alone and having treed the coon climbed the tree to shoot hia game ; but the night being very dark he could get no sight at the animal. He came dowu, built a huge fire at the foot of the tree and watched till daylight revealed a large bear, al which he firorl, wounding her severely, when she fell into tho bod of coals. Suddenly rising from this uiicomforlablo spot she made a spring with terrific growls at her oiiuiii)-, who made good time for the top of a small tree, where he reiiiainod close. ly besieged until hia voice echoing through the wooda brought timely aid. The bear is not yet wholly extinct. Solo mon Reed, who lives in the aoutheaat corner of the town near Dorset mountain, can tell you capital atories of his encounters with them, even during the last few years. Beaver meadows, are found in various parts of the town. The last beaver seen in town was killed by Ansel Whedou about 1800, iu a corn field, with hia hoe. Otters and minka were more plentiful. The latter is found quite frequently now. Dr. Thompson quotes the price of mink akina iu 1842 al from 20 to 40 centa, according to quality. Two mink- pelts were recently sold, one for .$10 and the otheiifor .$11. Old hunters aay that formerly musk-rat pelta were worth more than mink. The former are caught quite often. Within a few years Joshua Potter killed an otter near his residence. Charlea Jonea killed an other measuring 5 feet 8 inches, but none have been recently seen. A few foxes are yet found. Oue of the most exciting sports of the age is to set a hound after a fox, who moves in a circle round his hole, giving the aports man an opportunity to bring down the game. Thia mode of hunting ia however about di.s- continued aud most of the foxes taken now are caught in traps. Once in a few yeara ~grey squirrels are plenty and occasionally a black squirrel is found. The raccoon is aome times started iu a corn-field. Skunks atill in fest our poultry-yards and woodchucks our meadows ; the skins of the latter aold a few years ago as high as a dollar and a half a piece ; they are worth leas now. In our boy hood pigeons were so numerous as almost to darken the air in tbeir annual migrations, but of late years few are seen. The eagle built his nest on the most inaccessible olifts of our mountains, but is not often seen now. The hen hawk and the crow remain and are almost the only legitimate game among birda. .¦I few part'-idges whirr paat us in the forest and occasionally wild ducks flit over our atreama. The quack of wild geese ia heard periodically from above the clouds. Indian river was the favorite and last fishing ground of the Indians iu this part of the country. To this they paid annual visits long after its occupation by the whites. The locomotive is on the trail of the Indian who hunted and fished on what is described in the old deeds as the Indian river plain. Trout are still caught here, but the sportsmen do not allow them to attain much growth. Aa game receded to the northern foresta our old hunt- PAWLET. 891 ers and trappers followed ou. Some at the present time make an occasional trip and bring home trophies of game and fish. USAGES, CUSTOMS AND OBSERVANCES. Our fathers, tried iu the firea of the Ee volution which had consumed their aubstance, were men of nerve and great phyaical power. We have heard and read of their first yeara of life in the woods ; of their rude cabins wiihout doora and floora ; how the storms heat through their bark roofs, and wild beasts howled around their dwellings by night ; how they had no cellars and nothing to put in cellars ; how scanty their wardrobe, and how a kettle or two, a tew pewter plates and wooden trenchers, two or three knives and forks, some three-legged stools and a straw bed in the corner constituted their house keeping articles ; how they would have no bread for weeks together and but a scanty supply of meal ; how the children went bare foot the year round aud often aupperleaa to bed ; how that they would go 30 or 40 miles to mill on horseback and sometimes used their own back. But amid all they kept heart and hope and bravely triumphed. They were kind and friendly, ever ready to asaiat each other, and in their recreationa would gather from all parta of the town, and no feeling of exclu- siveness would mar their enjoyments. Attached lo old Connecticut ; her lawa were reenacled, her local festivities observed and Election cake eaten with as keen a relish a.a when in tlier own loved down-country home. Cheerful toil was the rule. The work ol the day done they would meet in each other's houses and pass the evening hours. True to the traditions and supersitious of early New England, they brought with them, with many substantial virtues, a belief in ghosts, respect for dreama and hatred to In diana, which constituted the staple of their conversation. The children with mouth and ears agape drank in theae wondrous tales, till every white object waa a sheet ed ghost aud every dark one a wild beast or Indian. In their work aa well as play the settlers grouped together. To build a honse, clear a fallow, or harvest a crop, they would combine their strength and be aure to get through in season for a game. Athletic exercises, wrestling, ball-playing, etc., were their favorites. Time wears on ; their cabins are exchanged for substantial domiciles, and the homespun aga commences. The grandl old central fireplace radiant with sparkling flame;, the spacious kitchen with its oaken floor; a loom in one corner and apinning v/heela all around; its ceiled walls decorated with the producta of the apindle, while overhead hung featoo'ns of dried apples and circlets of pumpkins. The shelves of the pantry glisten with burnished pewter and the trusty rifle hangs over the mantel — "Our middle age, the happiest time in old Vermont history." The sturdy farmer in hia leather- apron, and troops of boya in roundabouts are bust ling around, while the busy housewife and hei- bevy of roay cheeked daughters clad in the garments their own hands had spun and wove and put together, completed the picture. Without, the well-filled granary, the well- stocked stable, the orchard, the su^ar-bush, the golden wheat field, the valleys standing thick with corn, the tapering well-sweep from whoae jtoint awings, "The old oaken bucket, the iron bound bucket. The moss-covered bucket that hangs in the well." Within is heard the clatter of the loom, the hum of the busy spindle, without the clangor of the flail and ax. The men and boys bave their hunting-par ties, trainings, raisings and huskings, and the women their quillings and apple- cuts. Did you ever attend an old faahionod apple-cut? We have, and even its memory warms the blood ohillod by the frosts of sixty wintera. How much of fun and frolic ! Every house and cabin gives up its juveniles who fiock to the rendezvous, aingle, in paira and in groups. The younger strata fill np the cornera and vacancies. Amid the wagging of tongues and burata of laughter the work goea merrily on. Soon the laat basketful is reached and diapoaed of, pans and peelings gathered up and the pie passed round. Then oomea a calm, but it ia only the atillneaa that precedes the storm. Some wide-awake girl attacks a fellow and bringa him up standing in the middle of the floor, the whole company circle around them, from stairway and chimney- corner they come and round and round they go- The acene changes and snap and catch-em is the play. 'How some of those girls would run I What a spring in their instep I What fox-like doubling on their track I It was all 89S VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. your neck was worth to catch them aa they scam[iered round the ring, ovei chaira and across the hearth. But when fairly imnted down they did turn al bay and with disordered hair, fiashing eye, crimsoned cheek and pant ing breath, tell into your arms ; what a glori ous surrender ! The ring breaks up and round the chimney tothe tune of " The needle's eye, you can't deny," inarch on the gleeful throng. Little fellows raiae their tiny hands that aome six- footer may pass under, Kissing and laugh ing is not done by rule, and lada and lasses run wild with unfettered sport. But apple- cuts must have an end, perhaps among the small hours of the next morning. Then comes the trying time I things are hustled on ; the boys stand hat in hand; some have loat their tongues ; the bold win and off they go. Hearts are broken, but they will heal and break again. Old time marriage obaervances also claim a notice. Vehicles being scarce, we will mount the aspirant for matrimonial position on hia trusty nag. He reins up beside some convenient stump aud with one bound the blushing bride ia on the pillion. On they speed to old Squire Adama or the minister, who receives them with a genial face and a merry twinkle of the eye. The pair are united, the silver dollar paid and home they go. Perhapa a signal horn sounds on the distant hillside, then the drums rattle, the horns blow, the pans clatter and a motley throng gathers at the matrimonial quarters. If the latch- string ia out all goes well ; a merry hour they spend and home they go. But among the sweet and pleasant gather ings of the olden times we may not forget the sugar party. Sugar-making is an unromau- tic buainess, but when through the openings of the forest you discover a party of younc men and maidens, including the girl you love beat, coming lo enjoy n sugar treat, how de licious lhe re|iaat, aa the h.'ippy group gather round the smoking kettle aud help them selves. In theae honieapun timea family visits were made in the evening. Instead of the afternoon lea-party both aexes met in the evening when a aubstantial table waa apread, perhaps a turkey or spare-rib waa roaated, al least, the best the house afforded waa abund antly furnished. With our fathera the Sabbath commenced at .sundown on Saturday and cloaed al the aame time on Sunday. Preparations for Sunday living were made on Saturday; the pudding boiled, so that by evening, business of all kinds was suspended and the Sabbath waa .^trictly observed. Sunday evening was a aea son of relaxation. Families visited ; there was a reunion of frienda and lovers and a good tirne generally. Funeral rites were attended wilh more so lemnity and ceremony than at preaent. The deceased, borne on men's shoulders, whatever the distance, and attended by pall-bearers, waa carried silently and reverently lo the last reating jilace. At the grave, which waa always closed before the assembly withdrew, it was expected that the father or husband or next friend would tender the thanks of the mourners. Ordinations aad quarterly meetings were occasiona of great interest and attended by all the country round. Baptiamal rites, when performed by immersion, were seaaona of special interest. A procession would be formed, preceded by the elder aud deacons and followed by the choir, candidates and congregation, would repair to the river aide, the choir singing hymns as it moved on. Church muaic, though perhaps devoid of the accuracy of its present development, was spirit stirring. In the ear of what old citi zen do not the notes of Father Griswold, Benoni Adams and Seth P. Sheldon, still linger? Our churchea were then unprovided with stoves or furnaces which were poorly com pensated by footstoves. At noon in winter the whole congregation would repair to their homes or some neigbbonng house to partake of refreshments aud repleniah their foot- stoves. Our old churches were large atruct- urea, cool and airy in aummer, and decidedly so in winter. Fura were greatly more in use than at preaent and aerved a good purpose. But the churches were well fllled. A few gentlemen of the old school sported the beaver hat, silk stockings and velvet small-clothes, while the maaaes were clad in homeapun. Ladies of any pretenaiona were arrayed in acarlel cloaka, gold beads and muff and tippet of large dimensions. It was required of boys to bow on enter ing a houae, or passing a peraon in the street, while the salutation of the girls was a curious PAWLET. 893 movement, involving the falling and rising inflection of the joints.* MERCHANTS. In the minds of many the name of mer chant is asaooiated with fraud, deceit and ex tortion. We have been there, and we do not endorse the charge. We propose lo enumer ate those who have been engaged in this business in this town for the laat century. At the village we begin with Col. William Fitch, who was a kind of commissary to Ool. Herrick's regiment of Rangers in 1777. Af ter him were Joel Harmon, Ephraim Filch, Dorastus Fitch and Silas Fitch, Phineas and Eeturn Strong, Hart & Judaon, Reed Edger ton, George H. Purple, Horace Clark, Rusael C. Wheeler, Harvey Baker, William Wallace, Thomaa J. Swallow, George Edgerton, Martin D. Strong, David Whedon, Jr., Hiiram Wick ham, William Sheldon, John Allen, Henry W. Leach, Daniel H. Bromley, Adama L. Bromley, Eollin C. Wickham. Charlea W. Potter, James Eice, Daniel W. Bromley and Collins Blakely are in buaineaa now. At the factory village, the agents of the Pawlet Manufacturing Company, John Guild, Milton Brown, William Sheldon and Marsou Edgerton kept store. There waa also a Union store here iu 1851, Daniel H. Brom ley, agent. In the south part of the town, Stephen Pearl, at an early day, and later, Judson & Baker ; near the centre, Elkanah Cobb and Andrew Heury ; at Weat Paw let, Joseph Ackley, Seely Brown, Jamea S. Brown, Ira Goodrich, Theron Norton. Fayette Buckley, Sylvester Norton, Elihu Orvia, Elisha Marks. Ira Marks. Union store, 1851-52, Theodore Stevens, Johu J. Woodard, William Sheldon, Thaddeus D. Sheldon and Judson R. Harlow, agents ; Jeremiah Clark, John J. Woodard, Eeuben Marks, Hiel Hollister Martin V. B. Pratt, Jamea Houghton, Frederick M. Holliater and John A. Orr. Mr. Pratt still followa the busineas. At North Pawlet a Union store. Division 230, was kept from 1851 lo 1861, Lewis Lincoln, agent. MARKETS. When the town waa generally brought uu- • Called a " Courtesy " a pretty salutation when pret. tily made ; but which only now and then a naturally born graceful girl, or cunning coquette, had the knack of making. — Ed. der cultivation, Lansingburgh at first aud afterwards Troy were our principal markets. Cattle and sheep were mostly driven to Boston. The expense of transportation to Troy for many years was only 25 cents per hundred, and coarse grains would hardly admit of transportation even al that low price. The current of trade was changed to aome extent when the northern canal waa opened about 1820, though many still continued lo haul their freight direct lo Troy. Ou the opening of the railroad iu 1852, freight buaineaa was done almoat exclusively through that chan nel. The occupation of the teamster was gone. Our preaent principal articles of ship ment are cheese, butter, wool and potatoes, lo which may be added fruit aud poultry to a limited extent. PHTSIOIAWS AND DISEASES. Our early physicians were among the most noted in the State. Dr. Lemuel Chipman being the first president of the Vermont Medical Society aud Dr. John Sargent the firat preaideut of the Rutland County Medi cal Society . The earliest M. Ds., in this town were Eliel Todd and Abishai Moseley in the north part and Lemuel and Cyrus Chipman in the aouth part of the town. Jonathan Safford succeed ed Dra. Todd and'Moaeley, and John Sargent and' Oliver L. Harmon, the Chipmans. Next aud with them were Samuel Potter, Ithamar Tilden, Warren A. Cowdry, Johu Sargent, Jr., John L. Chandler, Jamea H. Willard, Alva Paul, laaac Monroe, Aaron Goodapeed, Merrill, John Cleveland, Charlea Houghton, Phineas Strong, jr., and Rensse laer G. Monroe, who practiced medicine for longer or shorter perioda in thia town. Our present physicians are Warren B. Sargent, and A. Sidney Houghton at the village, and M. H. Streeter at West Pawlet. Annexed is a list of all who have practiced here, or who have received their medical education in whole or in part in this town, so far as re membered : Frederic W. Adams, Daty Alleu, Allen Andrus, Baker, Charles Beman, Joaeph Blossom. Charles W. Bourn, George W. Bromley, Simon Burton, John L. Chand ler, Lucius M. Carpenter, Lemuel Chipman, Cyrus Chipman, Gilbert Churchill, John Cleveland, John Cleveland, jr., John Cook, Warren A. Cowdry, Joshua Edgerton, Wil- 894 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. present counties of Bennington and Rutland induced a large number of educated men to settle on the contemplated site of the village in the south part of the town. Jonathan Brace, Israel Smith, Noah Smith aud Truman Squier settled here and commenced the prac tice of law. Disappointed in thia, Jonathan Brace returned lo Connecticut, larael Smith removed lo Rutland, Noah Smith lo Benning ton, while Squier remained some 20 years .ind fell back on Mancheater. The next attorney we bear of waa Daniel j Church, who practiced at the village, after ward al Arlington and Bennington, and died near Toronto, C. W. After him came Nath aniel Hunt and Nathaniel Hamblin; the latter remained several years, but both re moved lo Ohio. Next we find Nathaniel Harmon who followed the profession some 40 years till his death. Leonard Sargent opened an office here when first admitted to the bar, but aoon removed to Mancheater. George W. Harmon aucceeded his father, Nathaniel Har mon, remained a few years and removed to Benuington. Fayette Potter and Jerome B. Bromley are the only practicing attorneya now in town. The following other attorneys have practiced law or originated or received their education here : Horace Allen, Isaac Alleu, Merritt Allen, Royal C. Belts, A. Jud son Blakely, Sheldon Blakely, Robert S. Blakely, Daniel W. Bromley, Aaron Clark, Jamea Crocker, Joaeph K. Edgerton, Chester Edgerton, Fayette S. Fitch, Ira Harmon, Asa Hascall, Lebbeus Hascall, Ealph Hascall, Galen R. Hitt, Marvin Hollister, James Hopkins, Walter Hurlburt, B. Newbury Loomia, Charlea Meigs, John K. Porter, Ed win Potter, Henry H. Smith Rollin F. Strong, Augustus Sykes, John H. Wilcox, Cyrenus M. Willard, Charles Winchester. THE MOTHERS OE THB TOWN, stood in their lot and bore their full share of the anxieties and toils, privatioua and sacri fices incident to laying the foundations of society in a new country. In addition to their domeatic and maternal dutiea they not infrequently assisted their husbanda in the field, in clearing laud and harvesting crops. Beaides the whole labor of carding, spinning, weaving and making up their own and their families' wardrobe, bedding, etc., devolved upon them. Many of them had au intimate knowledge liam Q. Edgerton, Jonaa Fay, Byron Flowers, Alfred Gregory, Aaron Goodspeed, Abel Han nah, Ezekiel Harmon, jr., Oliver L. Harmon, David A. Hascall, John E. Hitt, Calvin Hol lister, Charlea Houghton, A. Sidney Hough ton, Campbell Johnson, Frank Jonea, Nathan Judaon, Sylveater Kent, Henry W. Leach, Joseph Loomer, J. W. Marshall, Silaa Meach am, Merrill, Isaac Monroe, Eenaelaer G. Monroe, Orville Morriaon, Abiahai Mose ley, Alva ,Paul, Elijah Porter, Moaea Porter, Sr., Mo6e.s Porter, 2d, Robert Porter, Samuel Potter, C. W. Potter, Samuel Potter, jr., Geo. Potter, Jonathan Safford, Safford, John Sargent, John Sargent jr., Warren B. Sargent, Artemaa Sheldon, Hiram Sheldon, Justin F. Simonds, Juatin Smith, James Smith, Phineaa Strong, jr., Thomae D. Strong, Ithamar Tilden, Philo Tilden, Eliel Todd, Norman Towslee, Socrate H. Tryon, James H. WiUard. At the first aettlement fever and ague pre vailed lo a considerable extent, and since, though no lown can boaat of a more health ful atmoaphere or of purer water, it haa beeu subject to a great variety of diaeases. The epidemic of 1812 to 1814, which was so de structive to life iu many parta of the State claimed a few victima here. Consumption was prevalent 40 or 50 years ago — more than of late years. In 2 years 17 young women died of that diseaae in the north part of the town, aud it has always prevailed to a greater or less extent. In 1845, the small-pox spread lo an alarming extent on the mountains in the south part of the lown, and 40 persons were attacked by the disease, all, however, with the exception of one child recovered. To the skill aud faithfulness of our physi- cian8,Doctora Warren B. Sargent and Charlea Houghton, together with the prompt sani tary meaaurea of our selectmen, Jeremiah Buahee, David Blakely aud David Carver rnay be attributed, under Providence, our singular exemption from more fatal results. During the last 6 or 6 years diptheria haa prevailed to an alarming extent aud haa proved fatal iu many instancea. Also the spotted fever thia year (1867) and the last (1866-67.) ATTORNKYS. The profeaaion of law haa been well repre sented here. The early expectation that thia town was to become the County seal of the PAWLET. 895 of herbs and roots growing iu the woods, and their services in the absence or scarcity of physicians were frequently called in requisi tion. It is hardly too much to say they toiled 16 hours each day beaides the frequent interruptions of their hours of rest. And yet many of them attained the age of 80, 90 and even 100 years. It ia believed, however, tbat a compariaon of longevity would ahow them to have fallen short of that of the fathers. Mrs. Zebadiah Andrus lived to 94 yeara ; Mrs. Isaac Beall, 81 ; Mrs. Selah Belts, 87 ; Mra. David Blakely, 85 ; Mra. Jonathan Blakely, 85 ; Mrs. Nathaniel Carver, 80; Mrs. Lemuel Chaae, 87 ; Mrs. Ozias Clark, 96 ; Mrs. Ashael Clark, 82 ; Mrs. Luther Cleve land, 86 ; Mra. Moaea Clevelend, 80 ; Mra. Josiih Crocker, 84; Mra. John Crapo, 81; Mrs. Simeon Edgerton, 85 ; Mra. Sim eon Edgerton, jr., 81 ; Mra. Abialha Ev ans, 103 ; Mrs. Benjamin Fitch, 83 ; Mrs. Gideon Gifford, 91 ; Mrs. Sylvanua Greg ory, 82; Miss Minerva Gregory, 80; Mrs. John Griswold, 92 ; Misa Polly Hall, 88 ; Mrs. Arunah Hanks, 87 ; Mrs. Joseph Hascall, 90; Mrs.Ashbel Hollister, 82 ; Mra. Daniel Hulett, 83 ; Mra. Joseph Jones, 80 ; Mrs. James Leach 87 ; Mrs. Abner Lumbard, 80 ; Mrs. Eoawell Loomia, 86 ; Mrs. Cornwall Marks, 87 ; Mrs. Jndah Moffitt, 83; Mrs. 'Timothy Nye, 84; Mra. Jacob Perkins, 89 ; Mra. Elkanah Phil lips, 85 ; Mra. E. Pratt, 90 ; Mrs. Moaea Porter, 101 ; Mrs. Simeon Eeed ; Mra. Nathaniel Eobinaon, 90 ; Mra. Jonathan Eobinson, 82 ; Mra. Joel Simmonda, 86 ; Mra. Samuel Stratton, 89 ; Mra. Eeuben Toby, 82 ; Mrs. Rosabella Tuttle, 96 ; Mrs. Seth Viets, 80 ; Mra. David Weeks, 89 ; Mrs. Margaret Wheeler, 88 ; Mrs. Isaac Wickham, 82 ; Mrs. Joseph Willard, 80. Were we lo include those who lived to 70 years the liat would be trebled. Eailroad. — The course of the Rutland and Washington railroad (opened in 1851) through thia towu ia about 2J miles. Liberal ooutribu- tiona were made by citizens on the line of the road to aid iu its construction aud no di rect return in dividends or otherwise has been received. As an effect of opening the road, real estate greatly appreciated iu value, not only iu its immediate vicinity but for consid erable distance back, and the character of farming operations was changed to aome ex tent, and heavy bulky articles, not before marketable, fouud a ready sale. GEOLOGY. A great diversity of rocks and soils ia fouud here. The exuberant fertility of the soil and its self-recuperating qualities are doubtless owing lo the peculiar character of its rocks. By the disintegration of the rocks the soil ia aupplied with aliment ao that al most any exhausted field, if left to itself, will recover its fertility. In the south part of the town are extenaive beda of the finest lime stone, which were formerly quarried and burned to a conaiderable extent. And lim8 ia one of the constituenta of the most of the rooks iu town. In the west part are ranges of slate-rock of great extent which yet await development. Experts in the slate business pronounce theae beda lo be of the fineat quality. A beautiful building stone is found in a range parallel lo the slate range which breaks into right angled pieces with a preciaioti no joiner can aurpaaa. Though there are no clay-fielda of any con aiderable extent, yet clay of the best quality for brick-making crops out iu various parts of the town. Here and there all over the town are deposits of muck, the value of which as a fertilizer we have not yet learned to estimate. And we are told by Professor Eights, one of the best peat-fieldain America is found on the premises of Consider S. Bard well, near the rail-road. It is- understood that partiea from Troy, N. Y., have recently bought of Mr. Bardwell 30 acrea of thia peat- field, paying $13,500. It ia expected that this peat will be used as fuel on the railroad. The soil of the town ia mostly susceptible of cultivation, the mountaina, all but two or three, can be tilled to their summila. And many fields that cannot be plowed make ex cellent pastures. Ou the banks of Pawlet and Indian rivers are extenaive alluvial meadows enriched by periodical overflows. A large proportion of the aoil ia a gravelly loam intermingled with alate, and ia adapted to the growth of Engliah grain, Indian corn, fruit, tobacco, potatoes, etc. It alao yields the sweetest herbage for our flocks and herds. In no part of the world doea the aap of the sugar maple yield a larger percentage of sugar. We notice in Prof Albert D. Hager'a geo logical map of the State that the western part of this lown is of the argillaceous or roofing slate formation, while the eastern part is of the marble and limestone formation.iuterstrat- VERMONT HLSTORICAL MAGAZINE. ified with silicious and magneaian alate. Prof. John L. Edgerton is our only native geologist who haa been conapicuous in thia branch of natural history. AROUiTECTyRE. — Perhaps it is not too ranch to aay that by the year 1810 the town waa better supplied with roomy and conveni ent dwellings than at the preaent day. In deed the people of the town, who had been cramped in their small houses went to the op posite extreme and built houses not only loo large for their comfort but too expensive for their means. Aa atovea were not then in use more pains were taken to make the rooms warm by fill ing in with uubarnt brick or plaster than now. In 1800 there were no brick houses in town ; the first erected soon after that time, was the hotel in the village, built by Ephraim Fitch, aud the preaent reaidence of Hiram Wickham, built by Sylvanua Gregory. Quite a number of good briok and wooden houses have been built aince, mainly to replace those that have decayed. So with churches and school- houses. The first Congregational church, built by Abiathar Evans about 1785, was an unpretending structure of oue floor, furnished with plain seats, and altogether too small for the growing congregation, and after some 15 years waa turned over to hold town meetinga in, and the old Congregational church on the bill was erected, Titus A. Cook, architect. This was a more imposing structure, with a dome, belfry and steeple, and two tiers of windows. Both the ground floor and the gallery, on the sides and one end, except the aingera' aeat, were partitioned into aquare pewa, in which one-third of the audience sat with their backa to the apeaker and another third had lo look over their shoulder. Its inside-work was elaborate and in good taate and atyle, after the fashion of the day, and altogether, it took rank among tho firat churches iu the Slate. The next year, ISOO, the church in the west part of the town, on another hill, was built, Titus A. Cook, architect, and its interior arrangements wero copied after the Congregational church, but it had no belfry or ateeple. The next church built waa the Methodist briok church, erected in 1827, a eubatantial, plain edifice, fitted up ou the ground floor wilh four tiers of slips. Its gallery, which ran round the house, also provided with alipa. This, about a dozen years ago, waa fitted up for a select- achool under the name of the Mettowee Acad emy. In 1833 the Proteatant Methodists built a church edifice in the southweat part of the town, near John Stearna'. The next church erected waa the preaent Congregational church in the village, in 1841, Dan Blakely and othera building committee, Elkanah Dan forth, architect. It is an elegant church with veatry in the baaement. The interior is plainly but chastely arranged and a model of pleaaantneaa and convenience. The onlv drawback ia the neceasity, upou entering, of ascending a flight of stairs, which ia perhaps balanced by the convenience of having ita furnace in the basement. It haa lately beeu refurniahed throughout in handaome style. In 1853, the new Metbodiat church in the village, near the Congregational, waa erected, Elkanah Danforth, architect and Jonathan Randall and othera, building committee. Ita atyle and general arrangements are similar to the Congregational church. In 1848, tbe church of the Diaciplea at West Pawlet, Henry Scoville, architect and in 1852, the Baptist church in the same place, Edmund C. Whiling, architect, were erected. These are neat, plain structures, pleasantly and well arranged in the interior after the modern style. A small but neat and hand some church waa erected iu 1853, on the site of the old Baptist church. It is used mostly for funerals. The old school-houaea, specimena of incon venience and all their surroundinga repulsive as poasible, have passed away and our present school-houaes are generally pleasant and at tractive. All but three or four are of brick, and are being overhauled from time to lime and made better to subserve the great pur poses for which they were erected. Hotels. — Probably Captain Jonathan Willard was the flrst innkeeper in lown, on the site of the preaent homeatead of Henry Allen. Here the lown and freeman's meet inga were held, and most of the public buai nesa transacted. His successor was Capt. Timothy Strong, who left in 1816 or 1817. Since theu there has been no public houae kept here, though it continued for several years to be a place of public resort for train ings, town-officer meetings, etc. At an early day an inn was kept by Col. Stephen Pearl, near the present residence of Daniel Hulett. We have no precise data from which to show who first kept tavern al the village. PAWLET. 897 ,The present establishment waa erected in 1808, by Ephraim Filch, who kept it till his death, in 1814. After him Lemuel Barden, and his son, John T., kept il about 20 years wheu it pasaed into the handa of Col. Ozias Clark, by whom it was rented to varioua parties aud kept aa a temperance house. Harry Gris wold, Eobert Clark, E. Fitch Clark, aud per haps some othera kept it till it passed from the hands of Col. Clark. Since then it has been kept by various partiea each for brief perioda. We recall the namea of Henry Bost wick, Vail, Chapiu, Andrua, William Blos som, jr., Dewilt Hulett, present proprietor, and probably there have been othera. , At West Pawlet, a tavern and atore together was built by Eleazer Lyman, in 1807, which was kept by Joaeph Ackley, James S. Brown, etc. The present residence of Captain James Johnaon has been kept as a tavern by himself, Eliaha Marka, Innis Holliater, Ira Gibbs and perhapa others. When the rail road was built Ira Gibbs built a public house on the site of the present hotel which he kept several years aud sold to David Woodard. Thia waa burned in 1858 and was replaced by the present commodious houae which is called the Indian Eiver Valley Hotel. Connected with thia establiahmeut is a spacious and beautiful hall, the beat connected with a hotel perhapa in the county. Joaeph Armstrong kept tavern 25 years in the N. E. part of the town. Reuben Smith kept tavern where B. F. Giles now lives, some 20 years, closing in 1832. At North Pawlet a public houae waa erected aome 70 yeara ago by Bethel Hurd, whoae succeasors have been Joel Simonda, William Stevens, Willard Cobb, Jeremiah Ar- , presented to its su- perinlendent, Alleu Whedon, an elegant pho tograph album intended to contain the por traits of all the acholars, together with their teachers and parents. CHURCH OF THE DISCIPLES. In 1831, thia church was formed under the guidance of Elder Worden P. Eeynolds, then recently of the Baptist church. Dea. Jere miah Arnold was the first to espouse the pe' PAWLET. ' 905 oaliar doctrines of this church. Besides him, among its firat members, were David Carver, Thomas Laing, Eufus Conant. Jas. T. Bales, Eufus P. Conant. David Hollister and Luther Arnold. Its growth, for awhile was rapid, meetings being held in the old meeting house and in school-houses alternately. In 1847, this society built a church at West Pawlet ; Elder Lowell preached on the occasion of its being opened. After Elder Eeynolds left, in 1833, il was destitute of >¦¦ pastor a share of the time, though ita meetings on " the first day of the week " were generally sustained Since 1866 Eev. A. W. Olds has supplied the pulpit of this church, and there haa been a large inereaae iu ita membership, which now numbera 80. A bible-class and Sabbath school are now in succeaaful operation. Ita only resident miniaters have been Elders Worden P. Eeynolds, E. T. Wood, and Thom as Laing. Elder Clayton, then of Rupert, served the church one-half of the time for a year or two. Besides ministers from abroad have called and held aeries of meetings. In 1836, Eev. Alex. Campbell, from Virginia, visitied this society, and preached in the old Baptist church. PROTESTANT METHODIST CHUECH. BT EET. SEORaE SUITE. " In the year 1832, a Methodist Proteatant charch was formed on Pawlet mountain, near Aaron Bennett's. Ila first principal membera were Jesse Munroe, Aaron and Leonard Ben nett, Austin Johnson, Joel Baldwin, Amoa * Wooster aud Isaac Roberta. A meeting house waa built near John Steams' in 1833. Geo. Smith, Chandler Walker, Ziba Boynton, Wm. Gone, Daniel Vaughn, Eldridge G. Drake and John Croker. supplied the church wilh preaching about 23 years. Then, as the moat prominent members moved out of the Stale, the church ran down. The meet ing-house was aold, taken dowu and convert ed into a dwelling house." An Independent religious society waa formed at the village in 1855, under the au- apicea of Rev. Jason F. Walker, then late of the Metbodiat church. For some years, while Mr. Walker was statedly with them, their meetings were largely attended, being held mostly in the academy. For some time, their meetings have been wholly diacontiu- ued. Beaides the churches and societies already named, the Universalists have been numer ous particularly in the north part of the town, and have affiliated with those of like faith in Wells. Joseph P. Upham, Ephraim Jones, Innett Hollister, Reuben Smith, Eli jah Brown and Daty Allen, 2d., were among its most prominent members. Their meet ings were generally held in Wells, though sometimes at the old Baptiat church, a con siderable part of which waa owned by them. The peaceful aud exemplary Friends, have not been wiihout their representatives. Many of our older citizens will remember the genial and hospitable Wm. Boyce, who lived on the Lyon place, and Lemuel Chase, who lived quite retired, in the west part. Other Frienda have, from time to time, lived in varioua parta of the lown. MORMONISM. Soon after the rise of Mormonism in weat ern New York, ita miasionariea found their way to thia town, and held atated meetings. for aeveral weeks. Among them came Brig ham Young, then young and unnoted, who visited thia lown and held his meetinga at the Old red achool-houae, not 10 roda from where we now write. Joaeph Smith, Sen., alao viailed the town, preached and baptized Mra. Cornwall Marka. A few adherenta were obtained, mostly from families educated in- the Congregational church, who followed the fortunes of the party to Kirtland, Ohio, thence to Nauvoo, Illinoia, and thence, some of them, to Great Salt Lake City. In 1833, Capt. Wm. Miller, the founder of the Second Advent church, viailed thia town on the invitation of the writer, and made hia first oral effort iu advocacy of his pecu liar views. His mission here waa followed by alender results. About 1850, one, Mr. Lyon promulgated the aame viewa, aubslan tially, of the Disciple's church, and baptized a few converts. FREE MASONRY. BT JONATHAN RANDALL. Hiram Lodge, No. 8, was organized Mar. 22, 1796, and met, for the first lime, at Sam uel Rose's, in the soulh pari of the town. At that meeting William Cooley waa ap pointed master, Zadock Higgins, senior war den, aud George Clark, junior warden. The 24lh of June, this year, the lodge cel ebrated the nativity of St. John the Baptist. 906 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. The Rev. Johu Griawold preached a sermon before the lodge at the meeting houae. in February, 1799, the lodge met at the hall of Ephraim Fitoh, and continued to hold the meetings there until the house was burned, in October, 1800; in that fire aome of the records were destroyed. Al that time tlm lodge numbered about 70 members. Social Royal .irch Chapter, No. 10, was chartered and met for the firat lime at the hall of Lemuel Barden, in Pawlet village, Feb. 9, 1819. The three principal officers were Titua A. Cook, Jonathan Eobinaon and Phineas Strong. A public inatallation waa held at the Congregational meetinghouse the same year, the Eev. Jonathan Nye, of Newfane, preached a sermon on the occasion, before one of the largeat a3.semblies ever con vened in Pawlet. At present, the Free maaons in Pawlet are members of lodges in the vicinity, some be long to the lodge at Poultney, others lo the Mancheater and Eupert lodges. The masonic inatitution auapended their meetings in 1834, and they have nol been reaumed. INCORPORATED MANUFAOTtJRtNG COMPANIES. BT JONATHAN RANDALL. In November, 1814, the legialature pasaed an act incorporating the Pawlet Manufactur ing Company. The corporatora were John Guild, Oziaa Clark, John Penfield, Jr., Jon athan Robinson, Nathaniel Robinaon, Jr., I William C. Robinson, Napthali Guild, David Richard.-.on, Dan. Wilmarth, Daniel Fitch, and their asaociatea, successora and assigns. Tiie first meeting of the corporation waa held at the dwjelling houae of John Guild, in Pawlet, the first Monday in January, 1815. John Guild waa chosen agent. The company, that year, erected their fac tory building of brick, 70 feet by 30, 3 .sto ries, aituated about half a mile eaat of Paw lei village. It made a good article of cotton sheetini^ and cotton warp or twist for mar ket. There wore iu the building SCO spindles and 16 looms. Thoy employed about 25 hands and tha comjiany did a very good bu.s- iness for many years, or during the time Mil ton Hrown was agent. There was a store connected with the manufacturing business and this wna about one of the first cotton factories built in the State. There waa a iniicliine shop connected with the factory. where much of the machinery was made by Nathaniel Robinaon and others. But a few years after Mr. Brown retired from the agen cy, the company failed ; the machinery was sold, building taken dowu, and nothing marks the spot where the factory stood ex cept some foundation atonea. The Flower Brook Manufacturing Compa ny waa incorporated in November, 1836, by act of the legialature ; the peraons incorpor ated, Sheldon Edgerton, Jacob Edgerton, Ir , Jonathan Eandall, John M. Clark, John T. Barden and William Wallace, for manu facturing cotton aud wool, and the first meet ing was held al the houae of John T. Bar den, in Pawlet, on the first Tuesday of Janu ary, 1837, al which Jonathan Eandall was choaen agent, and Jacob Edgerton, Jr., clerk. The factory building was at Pawlet village, 80 feet by 36 feet ; 5 stories on the west end, 3 storiea on the east end. There were 3 aets of carding-machinea, or 9 machinea, 720 epindlea and 10 broad-looms. The machinery all running worked 300 pounds of wool a day and employed 24 or 25 handa. There were two water-wheels, one above the other, in the mill, one wheel of 18 feet diameter, the other wheel was H feet; the water was used over twice. There waa about 34 feet fall of the water; the wheels were overahot. Mr. Eandall waa agent 3 years, William Wallace 2 or 3 years, when John M. Clark bought out all the atock holdera, and ran the factory a year or two, when it finally failed. The machinery waa aoil at auction, the building taken down, and the aite forma a part of the yard used in connection with R. C. Wickham'a cheese-factory. The establishment cost about $20, 000. THE WASHI-SGroN BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. was a secret political organization which apread over New England, aud to some ex tent, in other Northern states. A branch was established in thia town about the breaking ont of the war of 1812. Ita friends cUime 1 that it was merely a protective institution, to preaerve the interests of the North against the obnoxious acts of the federal administra tion. Its enemiea charged il with treasona ble procliviliea. At the concluaioii of a treaty of peace with Great Britain, in 1815, the or ganization waa disaolved, and all that has been heard of it since is an occasional fling at ita frienda by the opposing parly. PAWLET. 907 FAMILY SKETCHES. Adams, Gideon, from Canterbury, Ct., 1770, m. Jade Leach, a, sister of James Leach, Sen., who died iu 1819, aged 75, leaving three chil dren, Jude, Margaret, who married Joseph Keigwin, and Mary, who married John Kirby, Middlebury. He settled where Heury S. Lathe now lives. He at once look a leading position iu the town, which then contained only 9 families. He waa iu the legislature in 1778, and aerved in the whole, 6 yeara. He waa town clerk and justice 39 yeara. A man of ready wit and genial temper, strong sense and sound jadgmeul, won and retained through hia whole career, the confidence and esteem othis fellow citizena in au emiuent de gree and died in 1827, aged 84. Allen, Timothy, from Woodbury, Ct., 17SS, a couain of Ethan Allen, waa the first settler in the N. W. quarter of the town. He was moderator of the town-meeting in 1770 and is well remembered by many of our older citizena aa a man of aingular piety aud eminent gifts. The detachment of troops that surprised Ticonderoga iu 1775, halted for the night at his house ou their march to that place. He died iu 1810, aged 96. His son, Parmelee, was town clerk in 1770, and a captain in Col. Herrick's famous regiment of Eangers, organized in this town in 1777. An other son, Daty, was a physicia,n and au em igrant lo Mt. Clemens, Mich., in 1800. Allen, Timothy, jr., was in the battle of Bennington in 1777, al the age of 17. He waa an early aettler of Briatol, and deacon of the Baptist church iu that place. In 1814, he removed to Hartford, N. Y., where he died, 1834, aged 74. Of Dea. Allen's children, Eev. Barna Allen is Baptist minister in Hub bardton, (1866) and Hon. Alanson Allen, of Fairhaven, haa been county judge aud State senator, and is now aaaiatant aeseaaor of in ternal revenue. Allen, Caleb, came with hia father, Tim othy Allen, in 1768. He was a land jobber, a vocation which the peculiar condition of real eatate in the early yeara of the settlement ot the State demanded. Most of the land was owned by non-residents, many of whom took little interest in it. Hence busineas men looked them up, bought their olaima, many timea al a nominal price, and then sold the land in parcels to actual aettlera. The cemetery in the north part of the lown was given by him to the school district in which it liea. Its first occupanta were Revolu- tionarji soldiers. He died in 1804, aged 56. Hia son, Daty, succeeded to the homestead, which he held till 1816, being followed by David C. Bloasom. He removed to White hall, N. Y., where he died some years ago, leaving numerous descendants. Allen, John, from Danby, 1815; aettled wilh hia sons, Nathau and Eliaha, on the Jonathau Willard place ; waa a thrifty far mer, held iu high esteem and died in 1852, aged 91 ,¦ hia wife in 1851, aged 71. Allen, Nathan, m. Julia, da. of Jeremiah Leffingwell, of Middletown ; was one of the earliest and most influential members of the Methodist cl>uroh ; was one of the directors ot the Poultney bank several yeara ; died ia 1863, aged 72; children, John, m. Ellen, da. of Joel Winchester ; Charles, m. Anna, da. of Jamea Rice ; waa iu the legislature 2 years, aud lives in Dar.en, Wis. Isaac, m. Eliza Allen, has beeu attorney general of Iowa. Henry, m. Sarah Shedd, of Pittstown, N. Y., and eucceeled to the homestead. Sarah, m. Lewis F. Jonea, of California. She was a graduate of Troy Conference Academy, and its female principal 2 yeara. Lucy, m. Eioh ard H. Winter, of Whitehall, N. Y. Allen, Elisha, m. Annis, da. of Dr. Jon athan Safford ; settled on the place and built the brick houae now owned by .Albert A. Boynton ; was a leading member of the Methodist church ; in the legislature 4 years, two of them in Iheseuate, judge of the county court 3 yeara, town clerk 19 years ; director of the Poultney bank several years, died iu 1856, aged 62. His oldest son, Horace, m. Kate, dr. of Jacob Edgerton, jr., and d. in St. Paul, Minn., in 1865, aged 43. He waa a graduate of Union College, and an attorney ; represented Rutland in the legislature 2 years, and was State senator one year. His youngest son, Merritt. was an attorney, and died at St. Paul in 1855, aged 24. Andrus, Hon. John H., from Danby, 1820: settled on the present town-farm ; was a rep resentative in the .legislature 'from Danby several yeara, and a judge of the county courl ; died in 1841, aged 73 ; his wife in 1821, aged 50. Andrus, Capt. Zebadiab, sen., from Nor wich, Cl, 1784 ; settled on the present home stead of David R. Smith. He died in 1804, aged 86; his v/ife in 1789, aged 74. Andeus, Zebadiah, jr., came wilh hia 908 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. father from Norwich, Conn., and settled with him. He d. in 1830, aged 86 ; hia widow d. in Mt. Tabor in 1850, aged 94. Her death waa cauaed by her clothes taking fire. Andrus, Asa, sen., aon of Zedadiah, Sen., died in 1821, aged 79. Andrus, Asa, jr., succeeded to hia father's place ; sold out in 1821 and removed to Lockport, N. Y., where he died in 1863, aged 90. Andrus, Rev. Lemon, son of Aaa Andrus, jr., waa licensed to preach in 1821, by tbe Baptist church in Weat Pawlet ; was pastor in Low Hampton, N. Y., several years ; left about 1830, for western New York. Andrus, Allen, eon of William Andrus, m. Betaey, da. of Rev. John Griswold, and settled as a physician in Pulaski, N. Y. He died in this town. Andrds, Benjamin, aon of Zebadiah An drna, jr., married and aettled on the mounlain, near Rupert. He died iu 1864, aged 81. Andrews, Reuben, from Connecticut, at an early day; settled near tbe old Baptist church. He was an ingenious mechanic, and made the old fashioned 8-day clock, which waa in common use 50 years ago. Armstrong, Joseph, from Bennington, 1776; settled in the N. E. part of tbe town, and kept tavern some 25 years. Arnold, Jonathan, from Connecticut who settled here at an early day was an intelli gent, exemplary citizen. He died iu Gran ville, N. Y„ in 1838, aged 83. Arnold, Jeremiah, son of Jonathan, m. Mary Ellsworth. He struggled manfully against the adverae influences of chronic ill health and slender means and educated his numerous family well. For several years he was engaged in riding poat, delivering newa- papera at the door of subscribers. He waa a deacon of the Baptist church, and the first in this vicinity to embrace the peculiar views o. the Charch of the Diaciplea. He removed to Wiaconain, whero he recently died, aged about 70. Averill. Gen. Elisha, from New Milford, Ct., 1787, wa# among the moat prominent of the e.irly settlers. He waa the first captain of the li^ht infantry. He removed West in 1803 and died at Manchester. N. Y., in 1821, aged 67 and his widow in 1823, aged 63. Ada,ms, George Jones, from Maine, 1S57, occupied the pulpit of the Disciple's church al Weat Pawlet, 6 or 8 montha. He had been an extensive traveler on the Eaatern conli- j nent. He exerted a magnetic aud faaoinat- ing influence over moat peraons with whom be came in contact. In his religioua history he had " swung around the circle," having been, it is understood, a Methodist, Mormon, Freewill Baptist and Spiritualist before he joined ihe Disciples. He waa also professor of elocution and a theatrical performer. He is now the founder pf a colony of 160 persona at Jaffa in Palestine. Newspaper reports, duriug the laat winter, have repreaented this colony aa ou the point of breaking up ; but the latest accounts (April, 1867), ahow it to be in a thriving condition. They took the timber of their houses from the State of Maine, and are said to have 300 acrea under cultiva tion and plenty of provisiona. Bakes, Bemembee, whoae career makea so prominent a part of early Vermont history, was a proprietor and temporary reaident of thia town as early as 1768. He built the first griat-mill erected in town on land now owned by George Toby. Baker, Elijah, from Canterbury, Ct., 1786, settled in the south part of the town with three sons, Ebenezer, Rufua and Icha bod, who all raiaed large familiea. Few of their deacendants remain in the vicinity. He died in 1811, aged 86. Baldridge, Daniel, from Rhode Island, about 1785, settled on the present homestead of Heury Smith. He was one of the first Methodists iu town. Hia sona, Daniel jr., and Edward succeeded him and raiaed large familiea, all but one of whom, Catharine Jones, have left town. Barden, Lemuel, from Dighton, Maas.,' 1814, succeeded Ephraim Fitoh, in the brick hotel at the village, which he kept unlil about 1830. Though of a rather rough exte rior, he was a kind hearted, benevolent man, and would not serve his customera with liquor after he thought they had enough. He died in 1839, aged 81 ; hia wife in 1839, aged 79. Beall, Rev. Isaac, from Clarendon, 1800, first settled pastor of the Firat Baptiat church, a man of great shrewdness and strong intel lect, which compensated, in part, for deficien cies in his early education. He was a gentle man of the old school, courteous and affable in his deportment. The large house in which he preached was wont to be well filled. He died in Clarendon iu 1833, aged 82 ; his wife did not long aurvive him. PAWLET. 909 Bardwell, Consider S., from Shelburn, Mass., 1834. His farm buildings and sur roundinga are models of taste and convenience.' He haa an artificial pond fed by springs gush ing from its own boaom, which suppliea mo tive power for machinery and ia well stocked with trout. It ia a favorite reaort for sports- , men from the city. He carriea on the edge- tool manufacture, and, with his strong right arm, has hammered out a handsome proper ty. He built iu 1864, the first cheeae-factory in the, State, which is now run by a dairy association, incorporated in 1865. Peat, said by experts to be of tbe beat quality, ia found on his premises, contiguous to the rail-road. Beebe, Eev. Lewis, from Arlington, 1787, was t'ne first settled miniater, and obtained the lot of land reaerved for that purpoae in the charter. He was ordained June 14. 1787, and dismissed May 6, 1791. while living in Arlington, he was a member of the first council of censors, convened in 1785. Thia council was the most important ever convened iu the State, aa the task devolved on it of reviewing and recommending the re peal of much of tbe crude legislation of the 7 preceding years. He removed hence lo Lan singburgh, N. Y., and abandoned the clerical profession. Bennett, Aaron, from Canterbury, Ct. about 1784 ; raised a numerous family, many of whoae deacendants remain in town. His sona, Leonard and Ahira, were well known and reapected citizens. The former removed to the weat ; the latter was drowned in Lake Champlain. He died in 1849, aged 88 ; his wife in 1842, aged 76. Bennett, Samuel, from Canterbury, Ct., 1784. His only daughter married Benjamin Sage, and raised a family of three sons, Sam uel, Wealey, who was killed by the premature explosion ofagun on independence day, 1816, and Benjamin jr., and one daughter. Bennett, Banks, from Halifax, 1790; set tled near Capt. Pratt's. He suffered from a rheumatic affection, which drew his head dpwn 80 that il rested on his breast. He died in 1829, aged 88. Beecher, Rev. David, a native of Gran ville, entered on the ministry in the Baptiat charch over 20 years aince. He firat settled in Collins, N. Y., thence removed to western Pennsylvania, thenoe to Harmony, N. Y., and thence in 1859, to West Pawlet, where he assumed the pastorate of the Baptist church, iu which his labors have been emi nently successful. Betts, Selah, from Norfolli, Ct., 1783 ; settled on the present homestead of Johu Belts. He was in the battle of Danbury, Cl., under Gen. Wooster. During the battle the lock of his gun was shot away, when be coolly remarked, " They have ahot off the lock of my gun," aeized another musket and continued the fight. He died iu 1826, aged 68 ; hia wife, Sibel, in 1849, aged 87. Betts, John, m. Lydia, da. of Hosea Love land, and, with hia brother Selah, jr., suc ceeded lo the homestead. He has raised a family of 6 sona and 2 daughtera ; of whom Royal C, is an attorney al Granville and apecial judge of Washington county, N. Y. B1G.4.RT, James, a native of Scotland, whence he came when a lad, with his father, to this town, kepi the Vermont Hotel, at Norlh Pawlet, for several years, closing in 1852, wheu he removed to Sandy Hill, N. Y. He brought out in 1347, the celebrated horse Rattler, which is noticed in the chapter on Slock. Bidwell, Jonathan, from Glastenbury, Ct., 1810. Hia wife's name was Betaey Strong. They raiaed a familj' of 6 children. Anaon, the oldest aon was instantly killed by falling from a staging, aged about 30. Blakeley, David, from Woodbury, Ct., 1782, Settled on the late homeatead of his son, Dan Blakely. He waa noted for indus try, frugality and thrift. He died in 1821, aged 72 ; his widow, who waa au aunt of Gov. Hiland Hall, died in 1831, aged 85. Blakely, Capt. David, jr., m. Esther, da. of Jacob Edgerton, and settled in the N. E. part of the town. He waa in the legislature 2 years, and has been deacon of the Congre gational church since 18 — . Their family con- aiata of 10 children. Blakely, Rev. Jacob E., Paator of the Congregational church in Poultney, died in 1854, aged 34 ; and Rev.' Quincy Blakely, paator of the Congregational church in Hampton, N. H., were hia sona. Blakely, Jonathan, from Ct., 1785, m. Margaret, da. of Christopher Billings, and aettled al the village. He died in 1845, aged 70; his widow, who waa a woman of rare worth and devoted lo deeda of kindness, died in 1863, aged 85. Their aon, Billings Blake ly, was favorably known as hotel keeper at Troy, Saratoga aud Union Village, N. Y., at 910 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. which latter place, he died in 1864, aged 66. Anna, who married Jonathan Eandall, is the only survivor of the family. Blossom, David C, from Wella, .1816, m. Lucy, da. of Daniel Goodrich, and settled on the Timolhy Allen Farm, where he livea, re tired from buaineaa, al the age of 83. Ilia wife died in 1852, aged 65. They raised a family of 7 children. David G. Bloaaom, the only one remaining in town, m. Fidelia Good rich, and aucceeded lo the homeatead, on which he has just erected an elegant and convenient houae. Brace, Hon. Jonathan, from Glaatenbury, Ct., 1780. was probably the first attorney in town; a man of commanding talents and contributed largely to set the machinery of society in order. He settled near the preaent residence of Jamea Leach, the contemplated site at that day of the county buildinga. He was a' member of the council of censors in 1785. In a few yeara he returned to Con necticut, where he became diatinguished in his profession and in public life. Branch, Daniel, from Norwich, Ct., 1784, his numeroua deacendants have moatly left towu. He died in 1822, aged 86 ; hia wife in 1812, aged 73. Branch, Joseph, son of Daniel, waa an active buainess man and for several yeara ran a line of atagea from Burlington lo New York and alao from Albany to Buffalo. He died in 1853, aged 73. Bonney, Eev. Elijah, from Hadley, Mass., 1841, succeeded Eev. Dr. Plumb in the paa torate of the Congregational church. Ee- served and circumapect in his deportment, bia public efforta evinced careful preparation. In Ilia private and pastoral relationa he was highly eateemed. He married Jane, da. of Aaa S. Jonea. He ia now in 'V'ernon, N. Y. Brewster Rev. Timothy, from Norwich, Ct.. aettled on the Ezra Andrua homestead, in 1784; waa licenaed lo preach by the Bap tiat church in 1791, removed to Elliaburg, N. Y., in 1813, and became paator of the Baptiat church in that place, lived to a great age and frequently viaited thia towu. BiiojULEY, Henry, aon of Capt. Lovine and Betsey (llulelt) Bromley is blind and haa re ceived au education at the asylum for the blind in Boston. Bbown, Capt. Milton, from Attleboro, Maaa., 1815, m. Eunice, da. of John Guild, was agent of the cotton factory aome 30 years, in the legialature 3 years, a director of the bank of Mancheater 25 years, for aeveral yeara ita preaident, and deacon of the Congre gational church from 1844, until he left for Potadam, N. i., in 1853. Brown, Seely, from Stamford, Ct., 1780 ; m. Jemima, da. of Capt. Benoni Smith. He waa an enterpriaing and liberal, citizen, and gave to the West Pawlet meeting houae com pany the aite for the church, paraonage aud cemetery. He built at the Falla near by, a aaw-mill and clover-miU. He died in 1809, aged 50 ; hia widow, who married Capt. Ephraim Robinaou ; died in 1834, aged 66. None of the family remain in towu. Burton, Dr. Simon, alter aaaiating in the organization of Arlington, became the first aettler of this lown. Ou account of hia be ing the firat settler, the proprietora voted him 50 acres of land, though tradition haa it that 11 was given to his wife, as the firat white woman who ever aet foot in town. He was town or rather proprietor's clerk in 1769, the oldeat record in exiatence. He lived to a good old age, at North Pawlet, and died about 1810. He was interred in the village cemetery, but no alone marks the apot. Bushee, Capt. Jeremiah, from Danby, m. Dorcas, daughter of Jamea Basaford, and haa beeu village tailor some 40 yeara. He waa selectmen 10 yeara, only one man, Simeon Edgerton, jr., holding the office longer than he. Bushsell, Dea. Benajah, an early aettler held in high esteem, died in 1814, aged 71 ; his wife iu 1814, aged 73. Carpenter, Lucius M., a native of Kirby, from Rupert, 1850, m. Phebe, da. of Jonathan Staples, and succeeded him on the Daniel Fitch, jr., farm. He waa a medical graduate, but never practiced the profession ; waa in the legialature in 1865-6. Carver, Nathaniel, from Canterbury, Ct., 1780, m. Lydia, da. of Simeon Edgerton. They had 7 children. He died in 1805, aged 52 ; hia widow in 1842, aged 80. Carver, David, m. Betsey, da. of Dea. Joaiah Toby, who died in 1866, aged 69. He occupiea the Peter Stevena place. His chil drea are Charlea N., Jamea A., m. Jane Clark, and was mortally wounded by a stone thrown by an unknown party al the Stale fair at Rutland, in 1860, aged 35 years, and Helen and Maria. Hia age is 71. Caever, Chester L., m. Lucy L., da. of PAWLET. 911 Ransom litrlow, of Whitehall, who died in 1817 aged 39, leaving Joaeph H.. educated at Bethany College, West Virginia, and Anti och College, Ohio; settled in Missouri as teacher, where he died in 1859, aged 26 ; Eanaom H., a aoldier in the border war in Kansas, and died in Whitehall, in 1861, aged 27; Nancy M., tenderly reared in the family of Eobert Wickham ; coming of age, com pleted her education in Oberlin and Antioch Colleges Ohio and ia now engaged in leaching in St. Louis, Mo. ; Egbert, left au orphan, waa cared for by hia aunt, Mrs. Elou Clark, of Shaftsbury; coming of age, graduated al the Commercial College, Albany, and is now in receipt of a salary of $ 2000 per annum, aa cashier of the Otsego, N. Y. bank. Mr. Carver, in 1849, m. Emeline George, and died in the asylum for the insane al Brattleboro, in 1863, aged, 65. Chipmas, Dr. Lemuel from Connecticut, 1780, m. Sina, da. of Col. William Fitoh, and settled near the present residence of James Leach. He was one of a distinguished family who have shed lustre on the early history of the State. He was the first president of the State Medical Society, organized in 1796. He was in tiie legislature 8 years. He re moved to Eichmond, N. Y., in 1798, where he became distinguished as a judge as well as phyaician, and lived to an advanced age. Chip.man, Dr. Cyrus, brother of Lemuel, married Anna, da. of Col. William Filch. He left for the West with his brother and settled iu Rochester, Mich., about 1820, died in 1840, aged about 80. Clark, Col. Ozias, m. Rachel, da. of CoL William Fitch ; his mansion, one of the best in town, was burned in 1840. He was a man of great energy, and a liberal and influeutiai member of society ; deacon of the Congrega tional church 47 years; was one of the cor- poratpra of the Pawlet Manufacturing Co., which ran the flrst cotton mill in the County, and died in 1855, aged 91 ; his widow in 1864, aged 97. The children were Fitch, John M.,- Robert, Irene, Nancy, Alta, Betsey and Mariette. Clark, Fitoh, m. Laura Baker. They had 10 children, and celebrated their golden ' wedding m 1864, at which flve generations were present. His age is 75. Clark, Daniel, m. Sibel, da. of Col. Wil liam Fitch. Tbey had 11 children. He was a member of the Pawlet band, and widely known for his proficiency aa a bugler. He died in 1842, aged 74 ; hia widow in 1850, aged 78. ^ Clark, Asahel, m. Polly B., da. of Daniel Welch, and settled on his father'a place. He died in 1850, aged 79 ; his widow in 1864, aged 82. Clark, Hon. Aaron, sou of David Clark, was a native of thia lown, born iu 1791. The family removed to Whiting. He grad uated at Union College ; was admitted to the bar at Albany, N. Y ; was private aecretary of Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins during hia term of aervice. Afterwarda clerk of the aaaem- bly; in 1826 removed to N. Y. city where he became wealthy; waa mayor of the city in 1840-41. Clark, Horace; eon of Gen. Jonas Clark, of Middletown, married a daughter of Hiram Wail, of Tinmouth, and settled in the mer cantile busineas at the village, in 1829, which he continued with a abort interval of 5 or 6 j'eara. He waa poat- master 4 years ; he was a thorough and efficient business man, and was mainly instrumental in procuring the charier, and effecting the construction of the Rutland and Washington rail road. Juat as the road was completed, he was attacked with a malignant fever at Salem; N. Y., and was taken ou almost the first train that passed over the road to his home in Poultney lo die. Cleveland, Mosbs, from Connecticut, at an early day, m. Zuba Kendall and settled here. His children were Calvin, Luther, Augustus, Asa and Olive. He died in 1820, aged 75 ; hia'wife in 1830, aged 80. Luther m. Joanna Brewster ; he died in 1866, aged 93. He came to this town when 8 yeara of age and probably lived longer in lown than any other person haa. His wife died in 1861, aged 86. Augustus waa a colonel in the war of 1812 ; Aaa aucceeded lo the homeatead and m. Lydia, da. of Eleazur Croaby ; he died in 1864, aged 73. Hia widow removed West in 1867. Cobb, Gideon, was oue of the earlieat sel lers from Connecticut, and brought a large family wilh him. John and Joahua Cobb, were his sona. He died in 1798, aged 81. CoEB, John, was a prominent man in the early daya of the town. He settled on the hill, near the old cemetery. The old church grounds and cemetery were on his premiaea. He removed to Orwell, and died in 1815, aged 73. 912 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. CoBB, Capt. Joshua D., m. Nancy, da. of Col. Ozias Clark. He was deacon of the Con gregational church, from 1835 till hia remov al to Whitewater, Wia , in 1847. He died in this town, while on a visit, in 1866, aged 74 ; his wife in 1845, aged 50. Cobb, Elkanah, from Connecticut, 1770 ; married Mary, da. of Jonathan WiUard. He died in 1795, aged 49. Ilia son, Capt. Wil lard Cobb, waa an officer in the war of 1812, married a daughter of Caleb Allen, He built the store house at Policy a landing, in Fort Ann Thence he went West. Another aon, James, waa in the war of 1812, and, at its close, entered West Point Military Academy. He removed to the elate of Georgia. II is understood that Howell Cobb, conspicuous in the late rebellion, la hie-aon. Cook, Titus A,, son of Samuel and Chloe Cook, was the first person born in town, July 22, 1768. He settled near GranviUe, N. Y., where Mrs. Amanda Culver now lives. He was master-builder in the construction of churches and the better class of dwellings. The old Congregational church, the B-aptist church, the old Epiacopal church at Granville were erected by him. He waa juatice over 30 yeara and eateemed a pure and upright magia trate. He died in 1827, aged 60. None of hia family remain. Cook, James, from Sandisfield, Mass., was an exemplary citizen and universally beloved. For several years he manufactured lime from an excellent quarry on hia premiaea. He raiaed 3 sona : Mahlos m. Cornelia, da. of Joel Sheldon, and livea in Manchester ; John ia a physician and now resides in New Jersey ; Eraamus D. m. Charlotte, da. of Simeon Ed gerton, jr., and aucceeded to his homestead. Mr. Cook removed to Manchester in 1S35 and died in 1850, aged 75 ; hia wife in 1849, aged 76. CowDRBY, Dr. Warren A., from Wella, married Patience, da. of Joel Simonds, taught school and practiced medicine in this town in 1815. He removed to Le Roy, N. Y. He and his wife embraced Mormonism, but did not follow on to Utah. He was a brother of Oliver Cowdrey, one of Joaeph Smith's " Witnesses." Crapo, John, from Dighton, Maaa., about 1814, m. Polly, da. of Lemuel Barden, and settled on the preaent homeatead of hia son, Alden B. Crapo. He waa of quiet and indus- trioua habita, and died in 1862, agtd 87 ; hia widow in 1862, aged 81. Crocker, Josiah, from Falmouth. Mass., 1783 ; raised 6 sons and several daughters, of whom James was an attorney, and died re cently at Buffalo. Mr. Crocker took special pride in his family, and gave them unusual advantages for education. He died in 1846, aged 86; his widow in 1847, aged 84. Crouch, Ithamae, from Brimfield, Maas., 1794 ; had a numeroua family, most of whom died iu early life. He removed to Cha- tauqua county, N. Y., about 30 yeara since. We aaw him in 1856, able to walk about, bnt he had nearly loat all consciousne.sa, aud could nol remember hia old neighbora. He waa then about 90. Curtis, Eldad, from Connecticut, at a very early day was uncommonly intelligent and very fond of music. When compelled, by the improvidence of others, to leave hia home when nearly 90, he compoaed a fare well hymn, which he sung on crossing the State line. When he had finiahed the hymn, he reverently lifted his hat and bade Pawlet farewell. Curtis, Aaron, son of Eldad, succeeded to the homeatead, on which he had an exten aive rope-walk, during the war of 1812. Two of hia children were inatantly killed, by being thrown from a wagon, in 1813. He removed lo Ithaca, N. Y.. about 1818, where he established an extensive rope-walk. He was deacon of the church in that town. He died a few years aince, aged about 80. Cushman, Rowland, from Attleboro, Mass., 1811, died in 1825, aged 78; hia wid ow iu 1828, aged 70. Derby, James C, son of Benjamin, jr., is of Ine firm of Derby & Miller, book publiah- era. New York, and U. S. commiaaioner to the Paris Exposition. Dyer, Eev. Palmer, from Eutland, waa a graduate of Union College in the aame class wilh the late Hon. laaac W. Biahop, of Gran ville, N. Y. He became rector of Trinity church, Granville, and Trinity parish in this town in 1823. He was a man of refined scholarly taatea and earneat and eloquent in hia public efforts. These societies proapered greatly under hia miniatry and the old brick church was wont lo be well filled. He re moved hence to Whitehall about 1831. He was precipitated from a narrow bridge over the Au Sable river, while escorting some tim- PAWLET. 913 id ladies and was drowned. It waa iu 1844. He wa£ aged 46. Edgerton, Capt. Simeon, from Norwich, Ct., 1781, son of Capt. Joseph Edgerton, who with his sliip, juat before the Revolution, waa foundered at sea, was literally one of the fathers of the Jowu. His deacendanta numbering 95 at his death in 1809. At the death of his widow, Abiah, in 1821, aged 85, her descendanta numbered 209. They brought with them 5 sona; Jedediah, Jacob, John, Simeon and David, and 8 daugh ters: Betaey, m. Elijah Hyde; Abiah m. Joseph Adams; Lydia m Nathaniel Carver; Hannah m. Joshua Cobb ; Sally m. Joel Shel don; Philena m. Seth Sheldon; Polly m. Calvin Dutton, and Esther m. Ezra Eeed. Capt. Edgerton was a man of few words, but noted for his energy aud uprightness of char acter. He was at the capture of New Lou don and the masaacre of Fort Griawold. He was in the legislature 2 yeara and was in trusted with many reaponaible offices. Edgerton, John, m. Mary, da. of Gen. Elisha Averill, and settled on the present homestead of hia son, Charlea F. He waa town clerk from 1815 to 1826. He died iu 1827, aged 50 ; hia widow in 1846, aged 64, leaving 5 children, Charlea F., Louisa, So phia, Betsey and Frances. Louisa m. Eob ert Wickham, and died in 1867, aged 62. Sophia m. Eev. Nehemiah Nelson, of Gran ville, N. Y., who died in 18—. Next, she married George White, who is also dead. Frances m. John Woodfin, of Tennessee, who died in 18 — . She waa teacher of music in Troy Conference Academy several years, and also in Tennessee. After Mr. Woodfin's death, she waa matron of Sing Sing Prison, N. Y. Betsey m. Eev. Mr. Sprague, of Schenectady. Edgerton, Capt. Simeon, jr., m. Elizabeth aiater of Rev. Johu Griswold, and aucceeded to the homeatead. He waa deacon of the Congregational church 22 yeara. He held many responsible officea, and was beloved by all who knew him. He died in 1862, aged 88; hia wife 1861, aged 81. Children: Por ter, John G., Betsey, Charlotte, Henrietta and Elizabeth. Edgerton, Eeed, settled iu the mercantile buainesa al the viUage. Hia wife died in 1821, leaving 3 sons : Maraon, Chester and Henry. He next m. Harriet, da. of Rev. John Griawold ; he died in 1829, aged 40. Maraon m. Betaey, da. of Capt. Milton Brown, who died ih 1847, aged 28 ; next Lucy, da. of Silaa Gregory, who died in 1861,. aged 32. He was agent of the colton factory several yeara, and ia now a tea merchant in New York city. Cheater removed to Fre mont, Ohio, is an attorney aud has been mayor of that city. Edgerton, Sheldon waa in the legialature 4 yeara and aucceeded lo the homestead, which he sold in 1867. EDGBtiTON, Charles F., was in the legis lature in 1844 aud 1845. A daughter, Cor nelia M. ia a graduate of Philadelphia Med ical College. Evans, Abiathar, from Connecticut, aerved through nearly the whole of the revolution ary war. Mauy of* hia descendants to the flfth generation remain iu town. He died in 1831, aged 89; his widow in 1847, aged 103. She drew a pension from 1832. Everest Zadoc, waa ¦-.¦ patriot of the rev olution aud representative to the first legisla ture of this State in 1778. We find him a trusted aud confidential agent of the council of safety, and employed iu enforcing their edicts of sequestration. He waa representa tive of Panton in 1789, and of Addiaon iu 1785. Fairfield, William, waa t'le second set tler in town, and, as such, received a gratuity of 30 acres of land. Personally, for aught we know, he waa a worthy man, but having adhered to the royal caaae hia property was confiscated and himaelf sought a refu*e in' Canada West, where his descendants still remain. Fay, Dr. Jonas, m. the mother of Dr. Jon athan Safford, and iu his old age came to this lown to spend the evening of his day. We remember him well in our young days when hia venerable form, bent with the weight of four-score yeara, went tottering towarda the grave. He waa oue of the most efficient founders of the State ; a compeer of Ethan Allen, Chittenden, and a host of worthies. He waa clerk of the council of safety, clerk of the convention, that in 1777 declared Ver mont a free and independent stale, and was also a supreme court judge. Fitch, Col. William, from Lebanon Cl., was one of the earlieat settlers and moat prominent citizens of the lown. He was employed by the council of safety to furnish supplies to the troops raiaed lo repel the iu- 914 VERMONT HISTORICAL M.\QAZINE. vasion of Burgoyne, in 1777. When the settlers north of thia town fled, panic atruck before Burgoyne, hia wife with three amall daughters, all mounted ou one horae, started south for a place of refuge, but being re assured they aoon returned. He owned the firat saw and griat-mill built at the village, by William Bradford, and kept the firat store in town. The village wae known on our early mapa aa Fitch'a Mills. He died in 1798, aged 48. Hia children were; John, Sina, Anna, Rachel, Sibel, Abial and Margaret. Fitch, Daniel, Jr.. m. Candace, da. of Judge Armstrong, of Dorset and aettled on the preaent homestead of Luciua M. Carpen ter. Their children — -Hiram entered college but did not graduate, becoming partially in sane ; Cyrua married and moved west ; Dan iel H. waa a classmate of Hon. John K. Por ter in Union College in 1837, who furnishes the following account of him; "He was a young man of brilliant talents and high promise. He removed to Texas and became the editor of the Houston Star, which he con ducted with marked abil.ty. He is said lo have fallen soon after in a duel which he did not feel at liberty lo decline, though he re fused lo fire at the party by whom he was challenged and slain." Cynthia m. Adolphus F. Hitchcock, of Kingsbury, N. Y., vfho ia now member of the assembly for Washington county; Jane m. Alpheus Baldwin, of West- field, N Y. Mr. Fitch removed to Westfield N. Y.f some 30 yeara aince, where he aud his wife have recently died at a very advanced age. Fitch, Joseph, from Norwich Ct., 1776, waa among the men of the lown who con tributed largely lo the general welfare. His children: Ephraim, Benjamin, Asahel, Steph en, Silaa, Mary aud Sally, mostly aettled in town though but one deacendant, Mrs. Adama L. Bromley, now livea here. Hia wife died in 1822, aged 76 when he married widow Hannah Wood, who aurvived him. He died in 1830, aged 84. Fitch, Ephraim, m. Sally, da. of Deacon Moaes Porter, who died jn 1790, aged 21, leaving ono aon, Dorastus; next Rhoda Sears. He waa one of the most enterpriaing citizena, waa in the legialature 3 years ; built the briok tavern at the village, which he kept aud con ducted the mercantile and milling-business. He was instantly killed while cutting ice from the water-wheel, in 1813, aged 45. Fitch, Capt. Benjamin, lived on the farm with his father. He waa an influential leader of the democratic party during the early yeara of this century, and probably no more popular man ever lived in lown. He was kind and charitable to a fault, and iu hia pri vate relations greatly beloved. He was in the legialature 8 years. Plia son Bramau m. Dor cas, da of Capt. Jamea Pratt, and moved Weat. John, clergyman, m. Sophia, da. of Maj. Sylvanus Gregory, and succeeded to the homestead of hia father, which he held but a few years. He was one of the -pioneers of the temperance reform. He was a preacher of the Methodist church, mostly local. He died in Middletown in 1859, aged 59, after a protracted and most painful illnesa. Apple- ton m. Mary, da. of Gen. Thomaa Davia, of Montpelier, where he resides. Capt. Fitch died in I82J, aged 58 ; hia widow in 1846, aged 83. Fitch, Dorastus, m. first, Julia Bright by whom he had 5 children ; 2d, Anna Hub bard, by whom he had 4 children. He was long an active buaineaa man at the village, and mainly inatrumental in erecting the Pawlet Academy. He waa poat-maater 19 years, and deacon of the Congregational bhurch several years. He died in 1860, aged 78. Fitch, Rev. Ferris, was a graduate of Middlebury in 1S26. He married Sally, youngeat daughter of Rev. John Griswold, and was firat settled over a Congregational church in Elliott, Me. Thence, in 1830, he removed lo Ohio, where he died. Gibbs, Zebulon, from Ct., settled near Weal Pawlet. Children Clemona, Spencer and Ira. Clemona'a second wife ia aunt to CoL Ellaworth, who was aasaasinated at Alex andria the firat year of the war. Spencer kept tavern near Troy, N. Y., where be died recently. Ira m. Betsey, da. of James Roach, of Hebron ; kept the tavern at Wesl Pawlet aeveral years. Mr. Gibba died in 1855, aged 78; hia wife in 1842, aged 76. Gifford, Gideon, from Ponaganset, Mass., 1792 ; waa by trade a blaokamith, and served through the war of the Eevolution. He married Euth Bulls, of Ehode Island, who died in 1796, leaving 8 children. Nfext, he m. Betaey, da. of Aaa Willey, and raised an other family of 10 children. The only sur vivors are Noah aud Mrs. Kelley. PAWLET. 915 Gifford, Capt. Noah, ia one of the few surviving veterana of tbe war of 1812. He deserves special mention for his zeal, fldelity and efficiency in collecting aud reporting much of the material of thia chapter. He has attained the age of 74. His son, Warren, at the battle of Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 12, 1864, while desperately engaged in close contact wilh the enemy, took a stand of colors belonging to the second North Carolina regiment, which were planted directly in front of his position. He des patched the color bearer with his bayonet, seized the colors and bore them off in tri umph, amid the cheers of his comrades. He haa the colora now in his posseaaion. Giles, Ebenezek, from Townsend, Maas., 1807, settled near West Pawlet. At tbe breaki(^ out of the war of the Eevolution he was among the first to volunteer for his •country. While in the service, near New York city, he was severely wounded and taken priaoner. He waa confined in the Sugar Houae, a specimen, on a small scale, of Andersonville. He died in 1838, aged 78. His children mostly moved lo the Wesl. His youngest daughter, Lucy, who aent the above particulara, died in 1865, aged 49. Graves, Amos, from Eupert, 1815. His son, Eev. Azariah E. Gravea, graduated al Middlebury in 1833, and aettled aa a Con gregational miniater in the State of Florida. The family removed hence lo Northumber land, N. Y., in 1842, where Mr. Graves soon after died. Green, Eev. Beeiah, jr., was a graduate of Middlebury, 1820. In 1822, he became the pastor of the Congregational church al Brandon. We next find him at Whitesboro, N. Y., principal of the Oneida Institute and an able and zealous champion of tbe anti- slavery cause. He was the first secretary of the American Anti-Slavery Society, formed in Philadelphia in 1831. That society, hunted from city to city, and unable at times lo find a place in which lo hold its anniversaries, steadfastly maintained ita existence till the accomplishment of the purposes for which it was formed. The abolition of slavery, was not accomplished directly in the waj' con templated by this society, who hoped lo effect it by moral appeals. But, doubtleas, the flood of light poured on the American mind at its anniversaries, where were wont to convene tne strongest men of the country, aided by the preaa, haatened ita accomplishment. When the history of American emancipation is written the name of Beriah Green wiU atand high on its roll of fame. Green, Eev. Jonathan S., enlisted in the miaaionary service aome 40 yeara since. His field of labor waa the Sandwich lalanda, which by missionary effort baa been Irana- formed from heathenism into Christian com munities. He haa alao held high office in the civil service of those islands. Gregory, Maj. Sylvanus, from Suffield, Ct., 1790, settled at the viUage in the hat- making buaineaa. He took a lively interest iu public concerns, and about 1806 took acensus of the inhabitauts of the lown, which exceeded 3000, a larger number by 700 than were ever reported by the U. S. marshals. He raised a family of 8 children : Silas, Alfred, Simeon, Minerva, Clarissa, Polly, Sophia and Elmira. Alfred became a physician and set tled in Fort Ann, N. Y. ; Simeon removed to the weat ; Minerva died single in 1865, aged 80 ; Clariaaa also died single in 1849 ; Polly m. Allen Vail, of Middletown, and died in 1866, aged 74 ; Elmira m. David Savage, of Champlain, N. Y. Maj. Gregory and his wife both died in 1848, each at the age of 82. Gregory, Silas, the oldest inhabitant of the village, first m. Lucy, da. of Nathaniel Carver, who died in 1824, aged 32 ; next Ly dia, aiater of the firat, who died iu 1857, aged 57, leaving two children ; third, Betsey, da. of Simeon Edgerton, Jr. He haa long been known aa an active citizen, he is 77. Geiswold, Rev. John, from Lebanon, N. H. Hia reputation as a peace-maker waa great and he waa frequently called on lo aid in council, over which he frequently presided. He was a graduate of Dartmouth, N. H. He m. Betsey Lay, who died in 1808 : children, Harry, Harriet, Betsey, Fanny, Sophia and Sally ; next he m, Sarah, widow of Dr. Meiga, of Bethlehem. Ct. He died in 1852, aged 87 ; hia widow at New York city in 1857, aged 92. (see history of the Congregational church). Geiswold, Harry, m. Alta, da. of Col. Oziaa Clark. He was deservedly held in es teem ; was deacon of the Congregational church several yeara, town clerk from 1846 to his death in 1848, aged 52. Guild, John, from Attleboro, Maaa., 1802, waa agent of the colton factory aeveral years, and aafely conducted the buaineaa through the trying timea that suceeded the war of 1812. 916 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. His children were; Chauncy, Plina, Milton, Eunice, Lucy and Abigail. He died in 1850, aged 87; bia wife in 1830, aged 63. Hia ais ter, Lucy, married Nathaniel Wilmarth, of Ira, and was killed by falling out of a wag on in Ira, at which apot a stone is erected, marked L. W. Chauncy Guild m. Celinda, da. of Nehemiah Bourn, who died in 1839. Hanks, William, from Suffield, Ct., was au enterprising though eccentric man. He planted a vineyard north of hia house, which, for a while, waa promising, but the boya would ateal hia grapes, which so vexed hirn that he let it run down. On many places in Weat Pawlet a vine derived from this vine yard still flourishes. He built a grist-mill on Pawlet river just below-the Frary bridge. He died in 1807, aged 79 ; his widow was burned lo death in 1809, aged 73. His sons who set tled in this town, were Oliver, Joseph and Arunah. Hanks, Oliver, from Ct., aettled al Weat Pawlet. He held the position of magiatrate .51 yeara. His decisions, seldom appealed from, were never reversed. His knowledge of legal forms enabled him lo perform much of the law-businesa required by the people. He was in the legislature 4 yeara and solemn ized 93 marriages. He married firat Deida- mia Porter, who died in 1840, aged 63, leav ing 8 children ; aecond Rebecca Roaa, and died in 1859, aged 82. Hanks, Joseph, ran the griat-mill his father built. He raiaed a numeroua family, and with most of fhSm removed lo Weat Vir ginia, in 1816. His eldest son, Jarvis, was a drummer boy, at the age of 11, in the war of 1812. He afterwarda beoame noted aa a landacape and portrait painter, at Cleveland, Ohio. Hie next aon, Featua, became a Presby terian minister in New Jersey, where he died in early life. Hanks, Arunah, m. Lucy, da. of Jacob Perkins. Of their 17 children, few survived, and only one, Arunah; jr., remains in town, who married a daughter of Abel Robinson. Mr. Hanka died in 1830, aged 60 ; his wife in I860, aged 88. Harmon, Ezekiel, from Suffield, Ct , 1774 ; married Lydia Harmon Jan. 10, 1775, they being the firat couple married in town. He waa a man of integrity, and commanded the confidence of hia townamen. He waa a mag istrate a groat number of yeara, and waa deacon of the roiig.'-eg:itional church over 40 yeara. He had a numeroua family, but scarce one of hia descendants remains in town. He had three sons who were professional men: Nathaniel ; Ira, who suffered from chronic poor health, and died in middle life, at Ben aon, and Ezekiel, who waa a phyaician and died young. Deacon Harmon d. in 1831, aged 80. Harmon, Nathaniel, m. Alice, da. of Dea. Joseph Hascall, and settled as attorney at the village. He practiced law over 40 yeara, being moat of the time the only practitioner in town. He waa held in high esteem by his professional brethren, and deemed one of the ablest jurists in the State. Though a man of decided political viewa, hia taatea did not lead him into the arena of public and political life, and he aeldom attended the polla. He waa a member of the Council of cenaora in 1834, and of the Conatitutional Convention in 1836. His mind was a rich store-house, eapecially of biatoric lore, which (when off duty) he took great pleaaure in communicat ing to others. He died in 1845, aged 65 ; his widow in 1853, aged 73, The children ; Proaerpine married and died in 1832, and Clara married in 1830 ; George W. removed to Bennington, where he ia an attorney and caahier of the Stark bank. He waa a mem- bfer of the Conatitutional Convention from this lown, in 1843. Harmon, Capt. Nathaniel, from New Lebanon, Ct, 1768, married a daughter of Col. William Fitch, and settled on the pres ent homestead of William Monroe. He was one of the first members of the Baptist church in West Pawlet. He removed West in 1797, since which we know nothing of him. Harmon, Dr. Oliver L., from Suffield, Ct., commenced the practice of medicine in this town in 1798, and continued in it till hia death in 1852, aged 82; his widow died in 1853 aged 78. He settled at the village. He was an extremely modest and amiable man, aud waa held iu high repute aa a family physician. Only one daughter, Berintha Hulett, of a large family, remaiiis in town. Harmon, Joel, m. Abial, da. of Col. Wil liam Fitch. The town records show him to have been a leading man. He was deacoa of tbe Congregational church several yeara. Harmon, Maj. Joel, jr. m. Clara, da. of Deacon Joseph Hascall, who died in 1795, aged 22. He waa a teacher of music, and PAWLET. 917 1781, m. Mary Pepper, from New Braintree, .Maaa. He waa in the Revolutionary aervice under the immediate command of Gen. Kos ciusko. He raiaed 7 sous and oue daughter ; Ashbel W., Orange, David, A. Sidney, Hor ace, Harvey, Hiel and Mary, who married Eleazer Lyman, of Oswayo, Pa. Ashbel W. m. George, who died in 18 ; he died 1864, aged 74 ; Orange m. Penelope, da. of Josiah Smith, and died in 1862, aged 70, in Starkey, N. Y. ; David m. Zilpha Brooks and died iu Truxlon, N. Y., in 1854, aged 60 ; Horace m. Julia, da. of Josiah Smith, who died iu 1838 ; next he m. Caroline da. of Sam uel Mc Wborter, and settled last at Warsaw, N. Y.; Harvey died in 1820, aged 21. Our father waa an early settler and knew nearly all the old familtSa in town. Ou the stock of anecdotal lore, acquired from him, our most liberal drafts are duly honored. We may be indulged in a brief hiatory and genealogy of our family. Our earliest known ancestor was John Holliater, horn in Glas tonbury, England. Here ia the genealogical tree: 1. John Holliater, born 1612, m. Joan Treat, iu Glastenbury, Couu. He died 1665, aged 53 ; she died 1694. 2. John Hollister, jr., horn 1642, m. Sarah Goodrich, 1667, died 1711, aged 69. 3. Thomas Hollister, boru 1672, m. Dorothy Hill, 1696, died 1742, aged 70. 4. Josiah Holliater, born 1696, m. Mar tha Miller, 1718, died 1766, aged 70. 5. Amos Hollister, born 1724, m. 1750, died 1779. 6. Ashbel Holliater, born 1759, m. Mary Pepper, 1790, died 1840, aged 81. 7. Hiel Holliater, born 1806, in this town. Hollister, Eev. A. Sidney, received a. collegiate eduoation at Fairfield, N. Y.; m. Anna, da. of Joaeph Teall, and entered ou the Episcopal ministry in I82I. He served as a home missionary in Oneida aud Onon daga counties, N. Y., uulU 1840, when he re moved to Michigan, and acted iu the same capacity. He was chaplain of the Michigan State prison 1 or 2 yeara. He died in 1856, aged 60. HoLLiSTEE, Hiel. It may posaibly be in- tereating to aome to have our autobiography. This town haa alwaya been our home, aud we feel proud of her record, and a deep interest in her prosperity and well being. Our main occupation through life has been farming, though we kept district-school 7 winters, aud were engaged. in mercantile busineaa, at West Pawlet 7 years, from 1854. We were published a manual of muaic which was a j)eeuniary loss. He, was one oi, the earlieat merchants and an officer in the war of 1812. He removed to Eichland, N. Y., in 1804, where he followed the profeasion of music , teacher many yeara. Hascall, Joseph, from Bennington, 1787, m. Alice Filch ; was deacon of the first Bap tist church 24 years ; a mau of great energy, he contributed more than most men in the building up of society ; raiaed a family of 10 children, to whom be gave all the educa tional advantages compatible with his limited means; of whom Ealph was au attorney and settled in Eaaex, N. Y.; represented his counly in the senate and assembly ; Asa was an at torney, settled in Malone, N. Y. ; was iu the senate and assembly and in congress ; Dr. David A, settled in Kentucky ; Rev. Daniel Hascall in Hamilton, N. Y.; Safford succeeded to the homestead, but removed to Kentucky about 1818 ; Lebbeus was an attorney and settled at Ticonderoga, N; Y. Clara married Joel Harmon, jr. ; Alice, Nathaniel Harmon; Nancy, Dr. Stearns, of Pompey, N. Y., aud Philene,Mr. Baker of the same place. It is a somewhat singular fact that all these brothers loat their wives and married a second time. Three of the siatersdied before their huabanda. All of them are now dead. Deacon Hascall died in 1814, aged 73 ; his widow died at Pompey, N. Y., about 1845, over 90. Their deacendauts are widely scattered in the Northern and Weatern States. Hascall, Rev. Daniel, graduated at Mid dlebury in 1806, and was soon after licenaed to preach hy the Baptiat church in this town. He was a mau of great industry and ability and waa mainly instrumental iu establishing the theological seminary al Hamilton, N. Y., where he waa aettled as pastor. He was the first principal of that inatitution and con tinued ia that poaition for aeveral yeara. He spent a few of the last years of his life in West Rutland, where he had married the widow Mosea. Heney Andrew, from Ireland, married ft daughter of Abiathar Evans, and settled on the present premises of Albert A. Boynton in the mercantile buainesa. He was a man of note and influence in his day. He removed to Hector, N. Y., about 1820 ^ud lived to a great age. He left one memento, the " IJen- ry " apple, of most exquisite flavor, Hollister Ashbel, from Glastenbury, Ct. 918 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. married in 1830, to Sarah M. Sage, of Sand- ishfield, Maaa., who died in 1832, aged 24. Next m. Caroline C. Harlow of Whitehall, N. Y. Our family consists of 6 children, Fred erick M., Francia S., Albert E., WiUia H., Orange S., and Augustus C. Frederick M. m. Eatelle Wells of Glastenbury, Ct.; Francis S. m. Julia, da. of Mark Warner, Jr., and Willia H. m. Emeroy, da. of Daniel D. Nelaon, of GranvUle N. Y. Hollister, Innett, from Glaatenbury, Ct., 1780; look part in the revolution, and waa pre-ent al the execution of Major Andre, whom we have frequently heard him say, waa the handsomest man he ever saw. He was a man of singular mildneaa and gentle- neaa of dispoaition. He waa intrusted wilh several reaponaible towu offices, and waa in the legislature 3 yeare from 1816. He mar ried Mary Kendall, who died in 1831, aged 72 ; he diel in 1844, aged 83. Their chUdren : Amoa, Hartly, Laura, Mary, Innis and Calviu. Hollister, Elijah, from Glastenbury, Ct. 1782, waa a lieutenant in the Revolution aud at Bunker Hill ; removed to Allegany coun ty, N. Y., where he died about 1840, over 80 yeara of age. Hopkins James, from Rhode Island at a very early day, aettled on the Governor's right. He commanded a company in Gen. Ethan Allen's expedition to Canada in 1776; m. Miriam Kent, a couain of Chancellor Kent, removed to Hebron, N. Y. ; kept a tavern on the turnpike several years ; died in 1830, aged 82 PloPKiNS, Ervin, only son of James Hop kina, succeeded to the homestead; was educa ted at Middlebury, but on account of a per sonal disagreement with oue of the profeaaoi-s, did not graduate ; he had the reputation of being the best scholar in his class, and in 1818 received the honorary degree of A. M. He raised a large family, of whom James is an attorney ; Ervin was member of the New York aasembly in 1863, and Frank waa sec retary of Wiaconain and ia now member of congresa ; all of whom, with their father, are in Wisconsin. HouQHTON, Dr. Charles, from Marlboro, 183.'"., m. Eliza Woodman, of Wesl Brattle boro and aettled in the practice of medicine at the village, and waa au active member of society. He removed hence to Bennington in 1847, and thence to Philadelphia, Pa. Houghton, Db. A. Sydney, from Ellis- J burg, N. Y. 1844, m. Fanny M. Woodman, of Wesl Brattleboro, and settled al the village iu the practice of his profession ; was in the legialature in 1861and '62, and during the war a member of the State Medical Board. Hulett, Daniel, from Killingly, Ct., 1780 ; was at the battle of Saratoga aud ae- verely woun led, but refused to leave the field while he could " load and tire." He was noted for great energy, aud amassed a large property. He had 3 sons : Paul, Daniel and Joshua, and 7 daughters. Theae chil dren, all in turn, raiaed large familiea many of whom reside in this and neighboring towna. He and hia wife both died in 1838, the former 90, and the latter 83. Hulett, Paul, m. Olive Wooden, and first settled in Danby, but moved here iu 1820. He became a large owner of land, having several farms iu this towu. Wells aud Danby ; was one of the earlieat anti-slavery men in lown and maintained a decided stand; chil dren 7, of whom John S. was in the legisla ture from Wella in 1846 aud '47. Mr. Hu lett died in 1845, aged 69 ; his widow in 1854, aged 74. Hulett, Dyer, son of Daniel Hulett, Jr., married Anna Forbes of Wallingford. They have raised a family of 8 children, 4 of whom were deaf mutes and were educated at the deaf and dumb asylum at Hartford, Ct., two of these latter only survive. Hulett, Joshua, m. Harmony Wood- worth. He accumulated a handsome prop erty ; built a beautiful family cemetery near hia reaidence, inclosed with an iron fence; died iu 1S5S, aged 73 ; hia wife in 1861, aged 76 ; had 10 children. Hutchins, Bulkley, from Putney, 1795 ; m. Elizabeth Johnaon, and raised 11 chil dren ; only 2 survive : Irene, who followed the busineaa of teaching 37 years, mostly in Troy, N. Y., and m. deacon Samuel Gilbert, of Shushan, in 1860 ; Loia, who taught achool 16 yeara. Mr. Hutehins died in 1850, aged 85 ; hia wife in 1846, aged 77. Hyde, Eev. Azariah, from Eandolph, aucceeded Samuel M. Wood in the pastorate of the Congregational church, 1859. Digni- nified, yet conciliatory, of pure diction and claaaic tastes, faithful and untiring in his pastoral duties, he commanded the respect and confidence of his people. He waa a prompt worker in the national cauae during the re bellion. His reports, as town auperintendent PAWLET. 919 of schools, which office he held during most of his residence in towu, were searching and sometimes caustic, but were listened to with great deference, aud were productive of ben eficial results. He removed in 1865, lo Po lo, III. (See Vol. II. for biographical sketch of Mr. Hyde, iu his native town. — Ed.) Hurlbut, Ashbel, from Wethersfield, Ct., 1810, m. 1st. Lucy Bliu, who died ih 181 1, aged 29. 2d Betsey, da. of Peter Stevens, aud aettled at West Pawlet. Three children. Lucy B. was a graduate of Troy Female Semiuary, aad one of the first principals of the Troy Conference Academy, at Poultney ; m. Gen. Isaac Mc Daniels, of Eutland. (See Danby papers). Lucius B. followed the professiou of teaching at Fredonia, N. Y. Waller be came an atloraey, settled at Buffalo, but died in Granville, N. Y., in 1819, aged 30. Mr. Hurlbut waa an arabilioua, stirring man, de voted to education, and an ingenious me chanic. He died iu 1828, aged 46. Johnson, Capt. James, from Granville N. Y., m. Ruth Williams, he was oue of the old est inhabitants of Weat Pawlet, had 2 sons. Leonard, station-agent al West Pawlet depot, since 1853 ; Floraee deputy post-maater. Jones Ephraim, from Plainfield, Ct., 1.790; settled on our preaent homestead. He waa popularly known as deacon Jones. He re tained a strong attachment for his native State, to whieh for mauy years, he made an annual pilgrimage. Though outwardly rough aad rather forbidding, he waa a man of great hospitality and friendlineas. He m. Rachel, da. of Capt. John Stark, one of a " nest of twelve aistera, with a brother in il." They raised a family of 11 children: Joel, Harry, Asa S., Ahira, Ephraim, John, Harriaon, Ja red, Rosanna, Mariette and Rachel. These childrea are mostly living, but none of them in town. Ephraim was almost instantly killed by the falling timbers of a, barn, in whieh he had taken refuge duriug a tornado, ia 1858. Dr. Fraak H. Jones was a aon of Ephraim, jr., and died in Doraet, in 1865. Deacon Jonea died in 1839, aged 69 ; his wid ow survived him but a few yeara. Jones, Joseph, from Greenwich, Mass., 1781; died in 1816, aged 84; his wife in 1810, aged 80. Kiernan, P.ev. John, a native of Ireland, waa aasigned to the Metbodiat church at the vUlage, in 1866. Knights, Geokgb W., from Rupert, 1863 ; m. Louisa M., da. of Samuel Coburn, whose father was killed while in the army in Ten- eaaee, July 5, 1864. Her mother who reaides in lown, was wilh her huaband in the army, aa nurse and laundress, 21 months, and drew soldier's pay and rations. Lay, Amos, from New Hampahire ; one of the earliest map-publishera of the country, waa for several years a resideut of thia town. He published a townahip-map of this Slate, ou a large scale, from surveys by Gen. Jaines Whitelaw. He was a brother of the first wife of Eev. John Griswold. Leaoh, James, from Canterbury, Ct., about 1780 ; settled ou the preaent homestead of his aon, Lovell. He exerted a, great in fluence in controlling the political fortunes of the towu ; was in the legislature 3 yeara ; died in 1835, aged 76 ; his widow in 1842, aged 87. He left 3 sona, Lovell, James and Ebenezer. Leach, Lovell, m. Amy Barsley, succeed ed to the homeatead, aud raiaed 9 children : much respected, acquired a handsome prop erty, aud now lives retired from business, at the age of 81. Leaoh, Ebenezer, has accumulated one of the largest properties in town, and ia still active in acquiring more. His wife died in 1864, aged 78. His sou Heury W , a medi cal graduate ; kept a drug store at the vil lage several years, but removed to Norwich, Ct., in 1860. Loomis, Oliver, from Eaat Windsor, Ct., 1785; m. Jude, da. of Gideon Adams, who died iu 1814, aged 50 ; children : Jerusha, Gideon A. and Mary. He was a man of staunch political principles of the Jeffersouian school ; died in 1837, aged 73. Loomis, Gideon, A., m. Amanda, da. of Elijah Brown, and settled on the present homestead of his only surviving son, Orla. Hia wife died iu 1835, aged 42, -leaving 6 children, of whom Owen was in the army from Minueaota; wae with Sherman in hia march through the soulh, and died in South Carolina. Loomis Elijah M., son of Abner Loomia, who came from Connecticut iu 1801 ; his mother dying in his infancy, he was brought up by his uncle, Eoswell Loomis, whose wid ow Mercy stUl livea, at the age of 86, and is the oldest peraon in town. LoUNSBEERY, Nathan M., from Connecti- 920 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. cut, 1781; was 7 yeara in the war of the Eevolution, serving under Gen. Knox, and most of the time attached to the immediate command of Gen Washington. He attained the age of 100 years, and at that age held plow for a abort time, at a county fair al Eutland. He died iu Clarendon. LuMBAED, Capt. Abner, from Brimfield, Masa., 1784 ; m. Sarah, da. of Asa Andrus, and settled al the viUage in the cloth-dreas- ing-business. Modest, unobtrusive, honora ble in hie dealings, he won the reaped of all and died in 1861, aged 88; his wife in 1858, aged 80; children 7. Mahee, Jameb, from Ireland, about 1783, settled on the preaent homeatead of Samuel Culver. He died in 1824, aged 78 ; his wife in 1814, aged 68 ; of their children, William was an ingenious mechanic, and among the first in the country to manafacture cut-naUs. Marks, Cornwell, from Glastenbury, Ct., 1785 ; m. Sarah Goodrich. He was an ex emplary man ; died in 1857, aged 88 ; his wife a skilful nurae, and devoted mach of her time to attendance on the sick ; died iu 1857, aged 87. They bad 5 chUdren of whom William m. Eoaanna, da. of Ephraim Robin son ; settled at Nunda, N. Y.; becoming at tached to the Mormons, foUowed them in their wanderings to Naavoo, III.; was acting mayor of the city, when the Mormon proph et, Joaeph Smith, was arrested by the civil authoritiea of Illinoia, and iasued a writ of habeas corpus, through which he waa releaaed from custody. The infuriateil mob took after Smith, followed hi:ii to Carthage, aud killed him. Ira kept a store, run a starch- factory, and also a stocking-factory. Pru dence m. John C. Prescott, between whom a separation took place leaving with her one son, Guatavua A. She then married WiUiam Miles, and became attached to the Mormona and followed them to Utah, where she re cently died. M.\Rsii, William, from Woodstock, 1816, settled first in thia town, whence he soon re moved to Granville, N. Y., thence, about 30 years aince, relumed. He died in 1861, aged 91, leaving no children; hia wife died in 184(1, aged 68. He was a pioneer in the anti-slavery cause, meeting its opponents" in seaaon and out of aeivson," with great ability: wrote numeroua articloa in its advooa'-y and donated during his lifetime $25,000 to the furtherance of the cause and lived to aee hia principles triumph in the councila of the na tion. He was alao noted for his liberality in private charity. He was an uncle of Hon. George P. Marsh. Mo Wain, Elhanan, from Manchester, blacksmith, married Lucy Tooley, who died in 1851 ; Children : Eliza, married Pal mer Clapp, who died in prison at the south; Leroy D., Nathaniel and Sylvanus; all of whom were in the service. Meacham, Capt. Asa, settled in thia town in 1781, and removed to Richland, N. Y., in 1804. His son. Col. Thomas Meacham, made the large cheese (1,800 pounds) presented to President Jackaon in 1830. Meigs, Eev. Benjamin C, atep-son of Eev. John Griswold, received hb theological educa tion with him and was one of the first mission- riea of the American Board to Ceylon, about 1820. After laboring there 40 years he re turned to this country and died in New York city a few years aince. Meigs, Charles, brother of Benjamin C., came when a lad to this town ; was tied to the profession of law, removed to the north part of the State, thence to Michigan. Menona, Paul, the Indian preacher, spoken of in Goodhue's History of Shoreham* sojourned a few years in this town, near the lower covered-bridge, on Pawlet river. His wife was tbe daughter of the renowned In dian preacher, Sampaon Occum, who be queathed to him his extensive and valuable library. Thia library waa carleaaly packed in boxea and when il reached its destination w£is nearly spoiled. He is represented as having been, in his prime, an interesting and effective speaker; we remember him only in hia old age. He removed hence to Lake George. Moffitt, Judah. married Nancy Hancock, niece of Governor John Hancock, and settled in a aecluded nook on the mountain near RuperU He was from Brimfield, Masa. He was with the detachment of soldiers under Ethan Allen, who aurprised Ticonderoga in 1775. He waa in the battle of Saratoga ia 1777, and at the siege of Yorktown in 1781. lie was long a respected citizen in his se cluded home ; died in 1852, aged 92 ; his wife died in 1818, aged 83. Of his children we know only Hiram and Nanov, who have lately removed to Wells. • See Tol. 1. this work— Ed. PAWLET. 921 Monroe, Capt. Josiah, from Canterbury, Ot., 1784, married Susan, a daughter of Asa Andrus, and settled ou the present homestead of hia aon, Asa A. Monroe. He was held in great esteem ; died in 1846, aged 84 ; hia wife the aame year, aged 79. Monroe, Asa, A., waa in the legislature in 1856 and '57. Monroe, Jesse from Canterbury, Ct., a brother of Joaiah, settled on the present home stead of Edward S. SouUard. He removed to Poultney several years since, aud died there in 1858, aged 87. His family, whom we know, are Calif, who married a daughter of John C. Hopson, of Wells and was in the legialature from Wells 2 years ; now lives in Poultney ; Giles, a Methodist preacher, Na than, who livea in Poultney and Lu cinda who married Welcome Wood, now deceased. Norton, Theron, from GranviUe, N. Y.; about 1820, settled in the mercantile buainesa at Weat Pawlet. He accumulated a large property and employed as clerks, aucceaaive- ly. Col. William Woodward, Henry Bulkley and Arch Bishop. The latter has been wide ly known as secretary of the Washington County (N. Y.) Insurance Company, au in atitution which did an immense buaineaa. Mr. Norton removed to Chicago, III., about 1834, where he soou after died, aged about 40. Nye, Timothy, from Falmouth, Mass., about 1783, died in 1847, aged 85 ; hia wid ow in 1857, aged 84. Their two children, Nathaniel aud Louisa, widow of David Good- all, own the homeatead. Olds, Eev. Abel W., from . Bradford, Pa., 1866, called to the pastorate bf the Church of the Diaciplea at Weat Pawlet has. during the past year called together the scattered elements of hia charge and obtained a large inereaae iu the memberahip of his charch. He was in the 76th regiment Pennsylvania volunteera for 3 years. OiiE,Maj. George S., m. Henrietta da. of Ervin Pratt; entered as private in the first Vt. reg., was at the battle of Great Bethel. Soon after hia diacharae he re-enlisted aa pri vate in the 77th N. Y. regiment ; roae step by step to the rank of major was'.n the disaatrous canipaign of Gen. Mc Clellau ; engaged with the enemy at Yorktown from April 6th lo May 4, 1862; at WiUiamsburg, May 5; at Chickahominy from May 20 to 26 ; at Han over C. H. May 27; Fair Oaks, June 1; Golden's Farm, June 20; Savage Station, June 27; While Oak Swamp, June 28; Charlea City orosa roada, June 30 ; Malvern Hill July 1 ; the second Bull Run ; at Frede ricksburg, Deo. 13 ; and May 3, '63 ; and at Franklin's Crosaing, June 5 : at Gettysburg, July 2 and 3 ; at Fairfield, July 5 ; Eappaha- nock Station, Nov. 7; and al Mine Run, Nov. 24 ; in '64, under Gen. Grant, in tha terrible battles of the Wilderness, May 5 and 6 ; at Spottsylvania, May 8 and 10 and 12; at Anderson's House, May 20; al Cold Harbor, June 1 to 13 ; at Petersburg, June 16 to July 10; at Fort Stevens, July 12 ; at Winchester, Sept. 15; at Fisher's Hill, Sept. 22; and at Cedar Creek, Oct. 19. Hera Major Orr being on the Staff of General Bid- well had his left arm shattered by the explo sion of a shell which instantly killed Gen. Bidwell. Thia was the first wound he had received in all the battles we have here enumerated which ended his campaigns. The brigade continued in the field and was in most of the hard fought battles around Eichmond until it was taken April 3, 1865. We have been more particular iu giving iu brief detail the military career of Maj. Orr, inasmuch aa he waa in the aame diviaion wilh the " Old Vermont brigade " composed of the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, Oth, and part of the time tbe llth regimenta of Vermont volun teers. Hence his record ia their record ! This brigade, in which there were 43 representa tivea from thia town, though the army with which it was connected met with many and terrible reversea, never dodged the poat of danger, aud never flinched_ in the face of tha enemy, only retreating when ordered by the commanding general. Their bannera never trailed in the dust, nor were captured by the enemy. They were the balance-wheel of the army of the Potomac, and nobly they ful filled their miaaion. Obr, Capt. Moses E., enliated with his brother George S. in the firat Vt., and next in the 96th N. Y. He served longer iu the war than any other man from this lown, aud though engaged in but comparatively few battlea waa ever prompt to fill the poaition aasigned him. He was never wounded in the service. Orvis, Elihu, from Granville, m. Sina, a daughter of Joseph P. Upham, succeeded Theron Norton of West Pawlet, thenoe re- 922 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. moved to Troy, N. Y., where he died. His oldest son, Joseph U. Orvia, has become noted in mercantile and financial circles in New York city, and ia now president of the Ninth National Bank. I'EAKL, Col. Stephen, waa an early set tler in the south part of the town, where he kept a store and tavern. He wae in com mand to auppreas the " Eebellion " al Eut land in 1786. The court there had been overawed by the mob and prevented from sitting for several days. It made a requisi tion on the aeveral towna in the county to send an armed force the following day at 9 o'clock in the morning. To this requiaition Pawlet, though fartbeat off, was the firat lo reapond, her quota of troopa being firat at the rendezvoua. In 1794, Col Pearl removed lo Burlington and waa among the foremoat in building up that city. Penfield, John, born in Fairfield, Ct., married Patience Penfield, of Vergennea, and came to thia town in 1803, from Pittsford. He was deacon of the Congregational church several yeara until 1810, when he re moved to WhitehaU, N. Y., where he died in 1848, aged 74 ; hia wife died in 1846, aged 64. They had 12 children who lived lo adult age. Pepper, Simeon, from New Braintree, Mass., 1783, m. Esther, da. of Joseph Jones. He aerved through moat of the war and was al the battle of White Plains; children : Sim eon, Aaahel, John, Chauncy P., Philene and Narcissa. He died in 1822, aged 68 ; hia wife in 1821, aged 61. Perkins, Jacob, from Canterbury, Ct., 1779; was the firat settler on the west road. He married Mary Fitch and raised a large family, all of whom, with most of their de scendants, have left town. He died iu ISOl, aged 51 1, and was the first person interred iu the West Pawlet oenietery; his widow in 18:;5, aged 89. pEiiKiss, Rufus, aon of Jacob, m. Olive Wilcox, who died in 18III, aged 85, leaving 4 cliildren who died of consumpliou at 21, 23, l!l, 21). Mr. Perkina was a devoted nienilier of the Baptiat church, to which he Ijeqneatlied $200 and $300 to the Hamilton Tlieologii'.il Seminary, " the intereat to be aiiplied for the education of some colored brother." He died in 1857, aged 80; his 2d wife, .Salinda Smith, in 1857, aged 67. Phillips, Elkan.vh, from Massachuaetts, 1820 ; died in 1861, aged 77 ; hia widow aur- vivea al the age of 85. His son Samuel, suc ceeded to the homestead. Plumb, Eev. Elijah W., D. D., from Hal ifax, Vt.; married Sarah Woodman, of West Brattleboro, and succeeded Eev. Johu Gris wold and Eev. Fayette Shepherd in the pas torate of the Congregational church. May 18, 1831. He continued pastor unlil 1843. During his pastorate, and greatly by hia ex ertions, the present church edifice was erected, which, al the time, was acarcely equalled in the Slate. He graduated at Middlehury in 1824. His intellectual reaourcea were im mense and profound, and, for deep and com prehensive thought, he had few superiors. His wife dying in 1846, aged 43, he married Alta Griswold, widow of Harry Griswold. He removed lo Potsdam, N. Y., in 18i3, where, besides services in the ministry, he had charge of an academy. Porter, Dea. Moses (by Hon. John K. Por ter). He waa a native of Connecticut, son of Experience Porter, and a descendant of Thomas Porter, of Farmington, Ct. He came to Vermont in 1780, where many of hia near relatives resided, among whom were Col. Seth Warner, and Nathaniel Chipman. In 1765, he married Sarah, the daughter of Phineas and Thankful Killam, and widow of Eev. Paul Park, of Preston, Ct., a lineal de acendant of Capt. Miles Standish and a woman of much culture and intelligence. She retained to an unuaually advanced pe riod the remains of ber early a.tractions, and lived to 101 years, with her mind still clear and her eyes scarcely dimmed. At the time of her death, in 1843, she bad more than one hundred living descendanta. Dea. Porter entered the Eevolutionary service as one of Putnam's (Conn.) volunteers and took an honorable pait in aeveral of the leading en- .!;ageiiients of the war. He exhibited con- spicuoua gallantry at the battle of Bemis'a Heights, Oct. 7, 1777, where he won hia com miasion as major by hia active and efficient part in the charge led by Gen. Arnold, which drove the British forcea to their intrench ments. He was compelled by failing health to retire from the service, and he afterwards laid aside hia military title as inappropriate to a civilian who had religious acrnplea as to the- lawfulneaa of any but defensive war. He was a man of reaolute purpose, of sterling worth and strong practical sense, lie died PAWLET. 923 in 1803, aged 64. His oldest" aon, Dr. Elijah Porter, was a learned and eminent physician of Saratogo counly, reaiding al Waterford. He died in 1841. Hia surviving son, John K. Porter, ia now one of the judges of the courl of appeals, residing al Albany. Dr. Mosea E. Porter, of Ohio, and Hervey Por ter, of Oswego, two of the sons of Deacon Porter, died many years aince, each leaving a large number of descendants. One of his daughtera was the wife of Timothy Hatch and the mother of Moses Porter Hatch, who was formerly a member of the N. Y. State senate. Another daughter, Sally, waa the wife of Ephraim Fitch. Dea. Joseph, youngest son of Mosea, m. Sarah, da. of Dea. Benajah Busbnell, and succeeded to his father's estate, aud to the office of deacon of the Congregational church, made vacant by his death. He was a man of uncommon excellence of character aud his in fluence always beneficially exerted. He died in 1840, aged 65. 6 children; Dorothy, Sophia, Caroline, Sarah, Benjamin aud Moses. Mosea ia a physician at the West and m. Helen, da. of Phineas Strong, who died re cently. His widow removed Weat and died Borne years ago. Potter, Capt. William, from New Lon don, Ct., settled on the late homestead of his Bon, Joshua Potter at an early day. He raised a large family of children. Two of his sons Samuel and Joshua, settled in this lo^u, tbe others mostly in Wells. He had been a captain of a vessel trading to the West In dies. His mother's house in New London, Conn., was bnrned by the infamous Arnold during his raid on that city. Potter, Dr. Samuel, practiced medicine in this town and Wella aeveral years. His in tuitive perception, judgment and skill were remarkable. He died in 18 — . Samuel is a physician al Buffalo ; Fayette, an attorney; Collins, a noted millwright; Charlea W. has been a druggial aud poatmaster at the village, and is now about to lake charge of the Lake Hou.se in Wells. George is a physician near Buffalo ; Edwin au attorney in Michigan ; Phebe married Eev. Mr. Sprague and is dead. Helen L. married Abbot Robinaon. Potter, Joshua, succeeded the homestead of his father, and raised 6 chUdren. Joshua occupies the homestead. Mr. Potter was a man of uncommon shrewdnesa and intelli gence aud retained his faculties remarkably lo the time of his death in 1863, aged 81. His widow died the same year. He was in the legislature in 1837 and held many re sponsible lown offices. Pratt, Capt. James, a native of Ware, Mass., from Halifax in 1792, settled on the mountain, on the premises now owned by hia sou Ervin Pratt. Hia wife'a name was Lucy Giles. He waa an officer in the Revo lution, and a fine specimen of the hardy, thrifty and intelligent farmers who laid the foundationa of society in thia town. His home was ever the seat of hospitality and good cheer. His conversational and story telling powers were unrivaled. He died iu 1854, aged 92, the last survivor of tbe Rev olution in town. His wife died in 1834, aged 68 ; 9 children; Elisha, Miner, Jamea, Alva, Ervin, Dorcas, Sally, Lucy and Es ther. Eev. Miner is a graduate of Middle bury and Congregational minister, agent of the American Colonization Society at An dover Ma.s3. Pratt, Ervin, succeeded to his father's es tate ; was in the legislature in 1863 and '64 and will be long remembered by our volun teer soldiera for the liberal supplies he aent them in the field. He has 7 children. Pratt, Capt. Elisha, from Ware, Mass., in 1792 ; died in 1807, aged 78 ; his widow in 1827, aged 90. Pratt, Capt. Samuel, was a captain in the Eevolution and commanded a company in which James Pratt son of Capt. Elisha, waa a sergeant. Though living to a great age, he was for many yeara bowed together wilh rheumatic disease. He was a recipient of public charily for aeveral yeara in this lown and died at Daniel Clark'a, aged about 80 Pratt, M. V. B,, from White Creek, N. Y., settled in the mercantile bu-iness at Wesl Pawlet ; has been post-master alnd ia now the oldest merchant in lown. Prescott, Gustavus. A., is the inventor and patentee of several useful inventions connected with the business of machinist and edge-tool manufacture. He is a noted vege tarian and horticulturist. We believe in his horticulture, but are afraid by the lime he gets thoroughly schooled in hia vegetarain habits there will be nothing left of him. Purple, George H., m. Sophia, da. of Eev. John Griawold ; kept store at the vil lage in connection wilh Eeed Elgertou, 924 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. cloaing in 1830; waa poat-maater 3 years; re moved to Ohio in 1831. Eandall, Jonathan, a native of Concord, N. H., came to thia town in 1817, wheu 15 yeara of age; haa held the office of juatice 27 years. Eeed, Simeon, from Dutcbese county, N. Y., 1776, m. Abial Rice and settled in the northeast part of the town. He waa serving ae minute man at Ticonderoga in 1777, at the time of the invaaion of Burgoyne. Upon the diaperaion of the militia at Hubbardton, he hurried home and started with hia family for hie old home on the Hudaon. Afterwards he served several turna in the army and when the war closed in the north returned with his family to hia farm; children; Simeon, Jamea, Colby, Enoch, Eliakim, Stephen, Si las, Ezra, Rath, Abigail, Esther and Abial. He was greatly beloved by hia fellow citizena and hia memory ia fondly cherished. He died in 1840, aged 84. Reed, Stephen, m. Phebe Hill, of Danby. By hia will, he beque ithed an annuity, of fifty dollars to the Congregational society, to be continued while preaching shall be sustained. Hia wife died in 1851, aged 55, when he married Sophia Smith ; he died in 1862, aged 75. Reed, Jedediah. from New Lebanon, Ct., 1770 ; settled on a farm which still bears hia name. He waa a prominent actor in the stirring acenea of the Revolution, and waa frequently intrusted with important business by the Council of Safety. He removed to Orwell, in 1820; children, Jedediah, Lyman, Elijah and a daughter ; Elijah wae a physi cian and removed to Williston. Reed, Isaac, aettled in the S. E. corner of the town, near Dorset mountain. He was a soldier of the Revolntion; died abont 18-50. aged 83. His son, Solomon, succeeded to his place, and has become famous for his encoun ter with beara, which appear to have lingered longer in that vicinity than elsewhere. Eeymolds, Eev. Worden P., from Man cheater, 1831; Settled at the Wost Pawlet parsonage. He was a fluent and impressive speaker, and was instrumental iu organizing and building up a large church of the Diaci plea. He now livea in Worceater, Mass. Eice, James, from GranviUe, N. Y., 1840, has aerved aa deputy sheriff 18 yeara and waa county commiaaioner 2 yeara. Since 1861, has been post-master and kept store at the village. Eobinson, Capt. Nathaniel, from Attle boro, Mass., 1812; was an officer of the Eev olution a.nd held commissions (now in posses sion of the grand-daughter, Mrs. Amos W. Bromley,) of lieutenant and captain which were signed respectively by John Hancock and Samuel Adams. Capt. Eobinson waa a man of great humor aud wit and highly ea teemed. He, in connection with hia aona, was the firat to establish the spinning of cotton by machinery in the County. Four Bona and several daughters came with him Jouathan, Nathaniel, William, David, Mary and Hannah. He died in 1811, aged 89 ; his widow in 1845, aged 90; Hannah in 1863, aged 76 ; Mary in 1841. aged 63 ; William in 1863, aged 76. Robinson, Jonathan, m. Laura Sykea,.and aettled near the village. He wae a great reader aud of uncommon intelligence, aad stood high in tbe masonic fraternity. He died in 1862, aged 85 ; his widow survives at the age of 82. Eobinson, N.iTHANiEL, Jr., waa a man of mechanical akill, and m-achiniat for the cot ton-factory, over 30 years, constructing near ly all its complicated machinery with hia own hands He was three limes married and had 9 children, and died in 1864, aged 81. Eobinson, Capt. Ephraim, from Windham, Ct., 178», was among our most valuable citi zens. His wife died in 1820, aged 62, leav ing 5 children ; Ephraim, Samuel, George, Eosanna and Sophia. Capt. Eobinaon next married Jemima, widow of Seely Brown and daughter of Capt. Benoni Smith. He died in 1843, aged 83 ; hia wife iu 1834, aged 66. Ephraim, Jr., succeeded to the homestead and died in 1847, aged 47. Robinson, Richard, brother of Ephraim, raised a large family. We remember as his sona : Ezra, Willia, Erastua and Otis, who . was an anti-masonic politician in 1830. Mr. Robinaon died in 1838, aged 75. RoBi.^isoN, Abel, ¦ another brother, aettled in the same neighborhood. One of hia daughters, Rhoda, married Maj. Salmon Weeka, and another married Arunah Hanks, Jr., aud is the only one of the family re maining in lown. Rollin, Ebenezer, aettled opposite Dea. Samuel Cole's about 1800, in the tanning bus- inese, where he raised a large family. He PAWLET. 925 was a leading member of Elder Beale'a church and chorister in the lime of fugue tunes. He removed to Johusburg, N. Y., about 1820, and wheu last heard from was near one hun dred years old. Rose, Major Roger, settled before 1770. He waa one of the delegates from thia town to the convention that sat in Dorset in 1776, which adjourned to Weatmina'.er in January, 1777 and declared the present territory of Vermont a free and independent Slate, under the name of New Connecticut, alias Vermont. He died about 1800, aged 75. Rush, George, from Schoharie, N. Y., 1775, settled in the east part of the town near Dan by. He died in 1820, aged 110 years, having attained a greater age than any other peraon who ever lived in towu. He had two sons : Jacob and Abollus. Safford, Dr. Jonathan, from Bennington, 1793, succeeded Dr. Eliel Todd. He was a successful practitioner until his death in 1821, aged 56 ; children : Horace, Jonathan W., Edwin B., Annis, Eliza, Delia and Caroline. Sargent, Dr. John, from Mansfield, Ct., 1761, first moved to Norwich with his fath er's family, where he married Delight Bell, of Welsh origin. He entered the Revolution ary service at the age of 18, was severely wounded and taken prisoner lo Quebec ; iu the Spring paroled ; returned lo Norwich aud studied medicine under Dr. Lewis ; 1780, re moved to Dorset where he commenced a suc cessful practice, often going his rounds on foot; waa diatinguished in the practice of both medicine and surgery and his reputa tion extended to a wide circuit. He removed to thia lown in 1798, aa the aueceaaor of Dr. Lemuel Chipman and was the firat preaident of the Rutland Counly Medical Society. He built the handsome mansion, uow the home stead of James Leach; He waa the first cap taia of the light artillery, organized in 1802, and promoted to the rank of colonel ; was in the legislature in 1803 and of the Washing tonian school of politics ; died in 1843, aged 82 ; his wife in 183- aged 74 ; children ; Italph, John, Leonard, Daniel, Eoyal, Epeu- etuB A., Warren B., Martha, Nancy and De light. Sargent, Dr. John, Jr., m., Miranda Mor riaon; graduated at Middlebury in 1811; practiced medicine in this and adjoining towns several years, but was more at home m the school room ; removed to Fort Ann ; was county superintendent of schools ; died at Rochealer, N. Y. Sargent, Hos. Leonard, commenced the practice of law in thia town, but removed to Mancheater soon after. He haa held the of fice of lieut. governor 2 yeara, judge of pro bate 7, states' attorney 3, state senator 2 years, council of censors one year, constitu tional convention 2 yeara, and town repre aentative 4 yeare. He atill livea at 75 in a green old age. Sargent, De. Warren B., haa been in the practice of medicine 40 yeara. Saegeni, Delight, went as a missionary teacher to the Cherokeea in 1826. After aev eral yeara' service ahe married Rev. Elias Boudinot, an educated native Cherokee. When the Cherokeea were partly coaxed and partly driven out of Georgia, Mr. Boudinot, who was one of their chiefs, favored their em igration. For this offense he was led into an ambush and foully murdered by men of his own tribe who were opposed to emigration. Mrs. Boudinot returned to this State after the death of her huaband, where she haa since resided. Sheldon, Capt. Seth, from Suffield, Ct., 1782; married Mary Henchitt ; waa a prom inent citizen and raised a large family, none of whom remain in town ; died in 1810, aged 72 ; hia widow in 1820, aged 73. Sheldon, Capt. Seth, Jr., succeeded to the homestead ; wae an active buaineaa man ; removed lo Chautauque county, N. Y., about 1831, and died recently ; children 9. Sheldon, Joel, Jr., m. Sally, da. of Capt. Simeon Edgerton ; raised 9 children ; remov ed to N. Y., aome 30 years since, and died in 1853, aged 81 ; his wife in 1851, aged 71. Shepherd, Moses from Connecticut, 1790; aettled ou a road now discontinued, in the west part of the town. He was an industri ous and peaceable citizen. Several of his sons were among the first coloniata to the re public of Liberia. Shipherd, Rev. Fayette, son of Hon. Zebulon R. Shipherd, of Granville, N. Y. He beoame asaiatant paator of the Congre gational church about 1825, and continued until 1831. During his miniatry, thia church received a large accession to ita membership. He was active and untiring in the discharge of hia paetoral dutiea. Hia atyle of public speaking was graceful and impressive, and seldom failed to fix the attention of hia au- 926 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. dience. During his paatorate, he was greatly beloved by hia people ; but when he after warda became identified wilh the anti-slavery movement, he waa denied the uae of the church, in whic!i to deliver hia lectures. He removed hence to Troy, N. Y., and thence to Oberlin, Ohio, where he was one of the pro jectors of the Oberlin College. In 1825, we think he waa the agent of the Vermont Sab bath School Union. — Ed. Simonds, Joel, from Masaachuaetta, about 1780; IU. Patience Hall. They raiaed 12 children, two sons aud two daughters in al ternation until the quota waa filled: Joseph, John, Bethiah, Lucy, Joel, Justin F., Mary, Sarah, Jonah, Ira, Patience and Hannah. Mr. Simonda died in 1821, aged 77 ; his wid ow in 1832, aged 86. Simonds. Joel, Jr., m. Mary, da , of Bethel Hurd, and succeeded to the homeatead. He waa a prominent member of the Metbodiet church, and gave his children unusual edu cational advantages. He raised 9 children of whom Dr. Juatin F. removed lo Iowa, and waa a aurgeon in the late war. Mr. Simonds died iu 1850, aged 78 ; hia wife in 1849, aged 65. Simonds, Justin F., settled on the present homeatead of Artemus Wilcox. He waa a quiet domestic man and wheu entrusted with public busineaa alwaya did il well. He was thrown from his wagon and hurt so that he aoon died in 1839, aged 69. His widow died the aame year, aged 70. SiMoNDa, Col. Besjamin, a brother of Joel Simonds, Sen., was m command of the military post in this town in 1777, which Was the head-quarters of Col. Herrick's regi ment of rangers and vvaa used aa a recruiting station and a depot for atorea for our troopa and for plunder taken from the enemy. The day before the battle of Bennington au or der waa iaaued by Col. Simonda lo Jedediah Keed, directed to hia wife in Laneaboro, Mass., and endorsed by the council of safety for 6 or 7 pounda of lead " aa it is expected every minute that an action will commence betwoon our troops aud the enemies wilhin four or five miles of Bennington and the lead will postively be wanted." Col. Simonda was grandfather of Hon. John B. Skinner, of Genesee Co., N. Y. Smith, Capt. Nathaniel, from Ct., al au early day came to thia lown with several brothers among whom was Judge Pliny Smith, of Orwell. All the brothers but him self left town in a few yeare. He waa in the legislature in 1795-96. We have often heard the old inhabitants speak of him in the high est terms of reaped. He died in 1807, aged 57. His widow in 1820, aged 69. Smith, Capt. Benoni, from Glaatenbury, Ct., 1781, aettled on the preaent premiaea of hia aon Robert H.Smith. He brought with him and encouraged to come from time to time large numbera of settlers who looked upon him almost as a father. He was a mau ^ of energy, and contributed greatly to pro mote the settlement of the neighborhood. He built a saw and grist-mill on hia premiaes soon alter he came to lown. His wife died in 1788, aged 47, leaving 7 children ; Josiah, Arthur, Eeuben, Hoel, Ira, Jemima and Anna. Next he m. Elizabeth Smith, who died in 1832, aged 77, leaving 2 children, Eobert H. and Eliza. Eobert H. has been in the legislature 2 years. Capt. Smith died in 1799, aged 59. Smith, Joaiah, m. Euth Goodrich and set tled on the present premiaea of Horatio Hol lister. He waa a leading Epiacopalian and aenior warden of Trinity church, Gran ville, from ita organization lo hia death iu 1823 , aged 56. His widow died in 1846, aged 77. Hia death was cauaed by a kick from a horae. In hia domeatic and church relationa he waa greatly beloved and eateemed ; chil dren : Ephraim, Noah, Hoel, Josiah, Betsey, Penelope, Julia, Euth, Mima and Laura. S.MITH, Eeuben, m. Sarah, da. of Col. Sam uel Willard, and raised 5 children. He kept tavern some 20 yeara before 1832, when he removed to Burke, N. Y. He died in 1862, aged 96. Smith, Gov. Israel. We have been often told by the old reaidenta that Gov. Smith waa for some years a resident of this lown. History ae_emed to contradict thia, aa he waa the representative of Eupert at the same time he was claimed to bo a resident here. Our aolution of the quealion ia that he lived on diaputed land between Eupert and Pawlet, which on a final settlement was adjudged to this town. He waa from Suffield, Ct., 1783, a graduate of Yale, an Attorney, in the leg islature four years, a member of congress from 1791 lo 1797. In 1797, he was chief juatice of thia State. In 1800, he waa again in con greas and aerved one terra when he waa elect ed U. S. senator, which office he held until PAWLET. 927 1807, wheu he waa chosen governor. He died in Eutland, in 1810, aged 51. Smith, Hon. Noah, a brother of Gov. Smith, and who graduated at Yale with him, came here during the early years of the Eev olution ; he too was an attorney. At that day it was confidently expected that this town would become the county seat of the pre.sent counties of Bennington and Eutland ; hence the inflax of distinguiahed men lo this place. Being disappointed, Noah Smith returned to Bennington, and delivered the firat anniver sary oration in commemoration of the battle of Bennington in 1778. He waa State's attor ney from 1781 several years, and judge of the Bupreme court of the State ; in the whole five yeara. He removed to Chittenden County about 1800, and aoon after died. SoULLARD, Edward S., from Saratoga, N. Y., 1828, m Fanny, da. of John Crapo, who died in 1852, aged 49 ; 2d, Julianna, da. of Shubel Barden, of Eupert, and settled here. He waa several years a preacher of the Meth odist church, which connection, he left in 1831. He afterwards became a Baptist min ister, and was pastor of the church in Middle- dletown. He retired from the clerical pro fession some 20 years since. Spencbe, Hon. Chestee, is the son of Stephen Spencer, one of the early and respect ed citizena of this town. He was brought up to the trade of clothier under Capt. Abner Lumbard. He has long been a resident of Caatleton, where he haa filled many lesponai- ble officea. Squier, Truman, a native of Woodbury, Ct„ aettled aa au attorney on the present premiaea of Daniel F. Cushman. He was here al au early day, and removed about 1800, to Manchester, where he held tbe office of statea' attorney 2 years, judge of probate 3 yeare, and waa aecretary lo the governor and council aeveral years. He died in 1845, aged 81. Stark, Capt. John, we believe from New Hampshire, prior to 1770, was a leading cit izen and large landholder. He settled on the farm, aud built the houae now owned hy Mr. Hammond, which ia one of the oldeat houaea ia town. He wae cousin of Gen. John Stark, and commanded a company at Bennington battle. He raiaed a family of 12 daughtera and one eon, Samuel, who removed to Oswe go Co., N. Y. He was one of the first judgea appointed in the State (in 1788). The rec ords of the town ahow him to have been a man of standing and influence. He removed to Grand Isle about 1800, ainl waa soon after instantly killed by the kick of a horse. Hia aon Samuel raised a family before he left town, of 10 daughtera and 4 sona. Stevens, Peter, from Glaatenbury, Cl., 1783, married Mercy Houae. Hia father's name wasJoseph.whoiAis theson ofRev. Tim othy Stevens, who for 30 years was the Con gregational minister of Glastenbury, and died in 1726. Peter Stevena waa one of a family of 14 children ; he raised a family of 6 ; Jared, Jonathan, Sector, Hoel, Joel and Betsey ; and died in 1838, aged 80 ; his wife in 1833, aged 70. Stevens, Jonathan, m. Margaret, da. of Robert Riley. He may be considered the father of the woolen-manufacturing-businesa in this town. In 1812, in connection with John Strong, he erected the firat woolen-mill in town at West Pawiet. In 1832, he built a large mill on Pawlet river, which was burnt about 1850. He then removed to Granville, N. Y., where he run a mill several yeara, and waa succeeded by hia son, Eobert R. He die I in 1865, aged 76 ; his wife in 1860, aged 72. He had 6 children : Annis, Malona, long a teacher of the higher and ornamental branch es ; Lora, who died in 1S53, aged 38 ; Mary, who married Hon. Oacar F. Thompaon, of Granville, N. Y,; Joel and Robert R., who married a daughter of Luther Cathcart. Stevens, Joel, twin brother of Hoel, mar ried Rachel S. Phelpa, and aucceeded to his father'a estate. He removed to Granville, N. Y., about 1852, where he erected a paper- mill at a coat of $7,000, which waa burned, uninaured, soon after he commenced busine.'a. He ia the inventor of the cheese-pan and atove combined, a great improvement in the manufacture of cheeae. Stewart. Philo P., 'nephew of Deacon John Penfield, aerved an apprenlicealiip to the harneaa-businesa under him. About 1825, he went aa lay missionary to the west ern Indiana, where he continued a few yeara. He next turna up iu Troy, N. Y., where' he haa achieved a wide reputation aa the inven tor of the Stewart atove. Stoddard, Capt. Nathan A., from Connec ticut about 1810 ; m. Ruth Judaon, a zealous member of the Congregational church, and prominent in the temperance reform. He re moved Wesl some thirty years since. His 928 VERMONT HISTORICAL M.\GAZINE. youngest eon. Rev. Judson B. Stoddard, is a Congregational minigter in Connecticut. Stone, Rev. Levi II., from Northfield, auc ceeded Rev. Azariah Hyde in the pastorate of the Congregational church in 1866. Chaste and elegant in diction and elocution, he fixes impressions on hia hearera with uncommon force and brillianc}'. He commanda in ad vance the reaped and confidence of all claaa- es of community. He was chaplain to the firat Vt. regiment in 1861. Streeter, Dr. M. H., from Hebron, N. Y., settled at Weat Pawlet in the practice of medicine in 1866 as successor to Dr. R. G. Monroe. Strong, Phineas, m. Anna, da. of Asa Field, and settled al the village in the mer cantile buainesa. . He waa in the legislature 2 yeara ; died in 1839, aged 5} ; hia widow in 1861, aged 67 ; he had 10 children ; of whom Justin was burnt to death at Fort Plain, when about 25 years old ; Rollin F. was a graduate of Middlebury, 1827, settled as at torney at Middleburgh, N. Y. ; Martin D. succeeded to his father's busineaa ; waa poat maater i years, town clerk 6 yeara ; removed to Michigan in 1854, and is now judge of pirobate. Guatavua was a printer; John a teacher; Phineas ia a physician at Buffalo, N. Y. ; Return waa a volunteer in the Mexi can war, and died in New Orleans; Guy C. ia a graduate of Middlebury, and a Congre gational miniater in Michigan; Ann F. m William F. Basoomb, late principal of the Burr and Burton Seminary, and now clerk in a department of government at Washing ton; Helen m. Dr. Mosea Porter, 2d, and re cently died. Strong, Return, Jr., m. Laura, da. of Gen. Thomas Davis, of Montpelier and set tled at the village in the mercantile business; was in the legislature 3 yeara ; deputy sheriff several years and dieiiin 18.'i3, aged 42, leav ing ohildien. Thomas D. and Laura D. The former a physician at Weatfield, N. Y. ; the latter late female principal of Burr and Burton Seminary. Strong, Capt. Walter, removed to Chaut auque county in 1827, raiaed a family of 6 daughtera. Capt. Strong ia a man of stand ing and influence ; he removed lately to Cleveland 0. Strong, Capt. Timothy, from Connedicut about ]810; waa noted for hia exertions to improve the breed of aheep. He was, we un- ' derstand a relative, of Col. Huiuphrevs, of Connecticut, who brought to this countrj' the first Spanish merino aheep. Some of these aheep were brought here, and distributed about the country. He removed to Wash ington county, Vt., in 1816, where he died in 1842. Strong, John, m. Nancy a daughter of Findlay Mc Naughton, and settled at Weat Pawlet in the woolen-mannfactnre. He was from Glaatenbury, Ct. He removed some years aince to Sandy Hill, N. Y. where he died in 1857, aged 68. They had 8 children; Marcellua ia a printer and editor al Madison, Wis. ; Thomas J. lost a foot at " Dutch Gap " canal, and isa Brig. General; Gustavus A. waa in the service. Sykes, Ja. ob, from Connecticut, settled ia 1782. 'Several brothers came with him who aettled in Doraet, where their deacendants are numeroua. He was a thrifty fanner. He died in 1843, aged 83. Taylor, Samuel, from Springfield, Masa., ] 780 ; settled at the village where he wrought at blackamithing 50 yeara. He had 5 aons brought up at the same business. He died in 1844, aged 76. Toby, Josiah, from Falmouth, Mivss., 1783; m. Lydia Baker ; succeeded Joaeph Haacall aa deacon of the Baptiat church in 1815; rai.sed 7 children, and died in 1843, aged 81. ToBT, Col. Josiah, Jr., m. Lorette, da, of Jo.seph P. Upham and succeeded to his home stead. He was held in high estimation as a citizen, and magistrate, having held the of fice of justice 28 years. He had 3 sons, Azro, Chipman J. and George, who succeeded to the homeatead. Toby, Reuben, from Falmouth, Maas., 1783, m. Rebecca Weeks. He acquired a handsome property; was one of the first dea cons of the Second Baptiat church ; removed to Pittsford, N. Y., 1850, and died in 1852, aged 83. His wife a few daya after aged 82; had 6 children ; Arthur, Zenas, Reuben, Sal ly, Eebecca and Emily. Todd, Dr. Eliel, settled on the preaent homeatead of Joaeph B. Safford, aud waa the first physician in the north part ofthe town. lie was a akillful and talented physician and tradition invests him with rare endowments. He was a lieutenant in the Eevoluiion. He died in 1793, from poison accidently taken. His son, Jonathan, first settled near George W. Burt's. He removed to Granville, where PAWLET. 929 he waa known as an intelligent and influen tial politician. About 1850, he kept the brick- tavern at North Granville, whence he went Weat, but did not long f urvive. tJpHAM, Joseph P., from Sturbridge, Ct., 1810, waa a prominent citizen. He bad 8 children of whom Huldah m. Eev. Nehemiah Nelson. Ann m. Arch Bishop, long a mer chant at GranvUle. They removed some years since lo Wiaconain, where their daugh ter, Maria, married Hon. Charlea A. Eldridge, member of congress. Joseph has been a merchant in Brooklvn N. Y. Mr. Upham died in 1857, aged 93 ; Mrs. Eosabella Tuttle in 18 — , aged 93. Utley, Capt. Leonard, m. Fidelia, da. of Arunah Hanks, and succeeded to his home stead. His wife dying, he married a widow Eastman, and removed to Otto, N. Y., where he died in 1864, aged 70. He was considered the best military officer the town ever pro duced. He raised a family of 7 sons and one daughter, Jane, who married Jonathan Good rich and is the mother of 18 children, all living. Viets, Seth, from Granby, Cl,, 1780, a couain of the Et. Eev. Alexander Viets Gris wold, biahop of the Eastern diocese, which, until 1833, included Vermont. He died 1823, aged 85 ; his wife in 1817, aged 68. Viets, Seth, Jr , succeeded to the home stead and raiaed a large family, and died in 13-17, aged 75; his wife in 1859, aged 80. Viets, Capt Heney, married Harriet Shaw and ia one of the oldest residents of We4 Pawlet. They have 4 children. Wade, Alpheus, from Ehode Island, 1785; raised a large family who enjoyed good edu cational advantages. Alpheus is a Metbo diat preacher, Araaterdam, N. Y. ; John a phyaician in Ohio, died in 1866; Mr. Wade died in 1841, aged 70. Walker, Eev. Jason F., from having been principal of the Troy Conference Academy at Poultney, aasumed charge of the Metbodiat charch at the viUage in 1853. About his first aervice waa the preaching of the dedica tion sermon. He soon became of the " Pro gressive" school and under hia auapioee an independent religioua aoeiety waa aoon after organized. Whatever the defecta or excel- lencea of hia viewa and theories, he exerted a magnetic and fascinating influence over the adherents lo hie peculiar viewe. . He re moved to Wiaconain. Warner, Mark, from Northampton, Maa.s., 1799, was a worthy citizen ; he had 4 sons: Eliaha, Spencer, William and Mark. Mark ia a Hberal and wealthy capitalist of Chica go. WUliam resides in Franklin Counly, where he has been a merchant. Mr. Warn er died in 1839, aged 78 ; his wife in 1857, aged 70. Welch, Daniel, from Norwich, Ct., 1768, waa one of the earliest aettlers iu town. Ha settled on the present towu farm. He waa a wide-awake thorough-going man, and waa familiarly called " Governor" Welch. He waa m. four times ; first to Polly Bryant ; next lo Catharine Risden, iu 1788 ; next to Return Strong's widow in 1813 ; next to wid ow Kent, of Dorset. His numerous family of children are all dead or have left town, and he has few descendants left here. In 1822, he removed to Mendon, N. Y., where he died in 1827, aged 81. Whedon, Edmund, from Cl., 1787, settled on the preaent homestead of Allen Whedon. He was one of the first membera of the Bap tiat Charch which waa organized at his houae iu 1791. He waa a aubetantial, enter prising man, and contributed largely to build up Weat Pawlet, where he erected some of the first mills in town. He removed to Cay uga Co., N. Y., 1815, and lived lo an ad vanced age. Whedon, Ansel, from Ct., 1787, settled a few roda south of hia brother Edmund. He ac cumulated o, large eatate all in one body, sufficient to give each one of hia 7 children an excellent farm. He died in 1826, aged 62 ; hia widow Rachel iu 1837, aged 71 ; chil dren were David, Ansel, John, Samuel, Eachel, Lorene and Agnes. Lorene m. Eev. Archibald Wait, who removed to Chicago where she died in 1865, aged 60. Whedon, David, m. Lucy, da. of Nehe miah Alleu, and settled -on Edmund Whe- dou'a homeatead. He waa an exemplary citi zen and waa highly esteemed. He died in 1858, aged 70. His widow survivea, al the- age of 71. They raiaed 7 children: Jamea,. David, Ansel, Allen, Oscar, John M. and Lu cinda. Ansel rn. Mary Hatch and settled im Fairfax Co., Va., whence he was driven off by the confederates in 1861. Whedon, Jambs, married Eoxana Howe, and raised 4 children ; Mehala, Lucy, Anna and Charles. He has been muaic teacher and choriater over thirty yeara. He removed to Poultney, in 1867. 930 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Whedon, David, Jr., kept atore at the viUage from 1813 lo 1854, the latter part of the time in connection with Hiram Wick ham. He was a director of the Bank of Mancheater several years. He removed lo Albion, N. Y., in 1854. Wilcox, Jared, had a family of 10 chil dren, 8 of whom and hia wife died of con sumption ; one aon and one daughter remov ed. Electa, the daughter married Jonathan T. Evarta, a brother of Jeremiah Evarts, late secretary of the American Board of Foreign Missions. Mr. Wilcox removed to Georgia, Vt., and died al an advanced age. Wickham, Isaac, from Glastenbury, Ct., 1799, was a man of great circumspection, and deacon of the second Baptist church from 1825 to his death in 1835, aged 64. His widow, whose name was Euth Bidwell, died in 1857, aged 82. They had 5 children : Eobert, Hiram, William, Willis and Maria. Hiram has been town clerk since 1858 and one of the directors of the Battenkill Bank several yeara. WiUiam is a melhodist preach er and resides in Chester, N. Y. Wheeler, Eussell C, kept store and the post office several years al the village from 1831. Wheeler, Margaret. We find it record ed on the tomb-atone iu the village cemetery, that Margaret Wheeler wae the firat person interred in that yard. She died iu 1776, aged 88. From the beat information we can obtain we believe ahe was the mother of the vvife of Col. Eliaha Clark. Willard, Capt. Jonathan (by Henry Willard). Capt. Willard, the principal gran tee and settler of thia town, was born in Eoxbury, Mass., about 1720. He m. S.irah Childa, who died, leaving 3 children : Sam uel, Mary and Joseph. Next, he married in auccessiou Hough and a widow Stark, neither of whom had issue by him ; he diod in Ki'Mland 1804, aged 81. In early life, he waa for many years au inhalntant of Col- cliostor, Cl. Hie jirincipal busine.ss appears lo have been that of a trader. Ue owned and commanded a vessel trailing from ports in New England lo New York. A abort lime Bub.soquenl to 1750, he removed to Al bany, N. Y., where be kept a public houae, the only English tavern then in the city. About this time, by contract with govern ment, he furnished stores for the army then at lake George, in which busineas he em ployed 40 yoke of oxen. Tradition tells ua that he made a large amount of money, and it is related that at one lime, when bia feara were excited by an expected invasion, he filled a strong cask wilh silver, rolled it be side fhe chimney and sealed it up, making it appear aa though there wae no space there. After reaiding in Albany 8 years, he removed lo old Saratoga and engaged in the, lumber business. In 1760, he paid a visit to the Hampshire Granta, in company with two others. They selected three townships of land, each of 6 miles aquare, and then drew lots for choice. Pawlet fell to our grantee, and at the aame time he had large righta in the other two which were Danby and Mt. Tabor. He then entered the names of hia old neighbors in Connecticut, and obtained a charter Aug., 1861. Immediately after the location of the township, he repaired to Col chester and informed his friends of what he had done. For a mug of flip or a new hat he purchased many of their rights untU he be came possessed of just two-tbirda of the town. The other third, he waa extremely anxious to have immediately settled. Accordingly this same year Simon Burton and Wm. Fair field came into town. Mr. Burton settled and made the first clearing on the farm now owned by Daniel Cushman, and here the firat 50 acres of land were given to the wife of Mr Burton for being the firat woman set tled in town. On this ground tbe first cele bration of the fourth of July waa held in 17G1, when an ox was roasted whole. The next year, 1762, Capt. Willard came into town with 9 hired men and several horaes. He pitched his tent near Henry Allen's and by Fall had cleared several acres and sowed it with wheal. He then returned to his home on the Hudson, where he remained uvo or three years. Meeting with heavy losses in the lumber business about this time, in 17(34 or 1765, he returned with his family to hia clearing in thia lown. Al thia lime he iial lost half his capital, which waa the sole cause of hia settling in the township which he bought for the purpoae of speculation. As a man, Capt. Willard was strong, elastic, wiiy aud enduring ; mentally he was a quick discerner of the intentione of men, shrewd and sound in judgment. He sprung from a noble stock being descended in the fourth generation from the ninth sou of Major Si mon WiUard, who camo from the county of PAWLET. 931 Kent, England, to Boston, 1634. He waa a thorough business man, and in testimony of hia uprightneas, it ia said he was univer sally respected by thoae with whom he did business. His name is held in great venera tion by his numerous descendants. His last wife died ih 1804, aged 74. Willard, Col. Samuel (By Henry Wil lard), m. Sarah Stank, da, of his father's third wife and raised 7 children ; Jonathan, Samuel, Benjamin, Archibald, Eobert, Sarah and Maria. Jonathan m. Abigail, da. of Major Eoger Eose; Samuel m. a da. of John Burnham, and Eobert m. Gardner, both of Middletown ; Saraji m. Eeuben Smith and Maria, Ira Smith. This family of Willards all left town many years since, and aettled mostly in northern New York, where in some places the name is quite common. From one of these sprung Daniel Willard Fisk, of the Astor Library, N. Y., who is a distinguiahed linguist. Col. Willard wae a leading man during hie short life. Our tra dition is that he waa a colonel of militia in the latter end of the French war. He waa also at the battle of Saratoga. He built the old red grist-mill; he died in 1788, aged 43. Mary, only da. of Capt. Jonathau Willard, m. Elkanah Cobb, and raised 7 children ; Elkanah, Willard, John, Joshua, Jamea B., Mary and Sophia (aee " Elkanah Cobb)," James B. was educated at Burlington, an.l afterwarda a graduate of West Point. He recruited a company for the war of 1812, but not being allowed by government to com mand it, he broke his sword and resigned his commiasioa of lieutenant. He waa a man of uncommonly prepossessing appearance and decided abilitiea ; soon after this he went south, and settled in the State of Georgia. From him sprung the Hon. Howell Cobb. Sophia, youngest da. of Elkanah Cobb, m. Zadoc Remingtou, of Castleton. Willard, Joseph (by Henry Willard), youngest son of Capt. Jonathani Willard, waa born ia Colchester, Ct., 1750. He m. Sarah Hare, and raised five children ; Margaret, Betsey, John, Andrew and George. The singularity of the marriage of Joseph may be considered worthy of record. Her father :Was an Engliah officer in command at Fort ¦Staawix, aud fell in a haud to hand con flict with the American officer, in which both •Were killed. Capt. Hare's widow with three or four chUdren and a black servant, sought refuge in Canada, and by a roundabout way to avoid our forces, journeyed tlirough this town, aud put up at Capt. WUlard'a tavern, expecting to proceed in the morning. Dar ing the night a sudden thaw ensued and they were compelled to remain. Soon an attach ment sprung up between Joseph and Sarah, and her parent was induced to stay to see how it would end : which waa by m.arriage in her 17th year. It may be of interest to some lo state that her father waa a captain in Butler's Rangers under Col. Butler the noted tory. When Butler held Fort Stanwix (Rome N. Y.,) he sent Capt. Hare with hia company, aud three hundred Indians out up on a scouting expedition. A mau named Davia who had married Capt. Ha^e'a sister, was a captain in the American service. Ac cidentally they met upon thia occasion. Each demanded of the other a surrender, which each- denied. Each fired upon the other, when both fell at the aame instant, .mortally wounded at each other's feet. (Col. Hare's family history, Canada Weat). This .waa in deed a melancholy fate for the two brothera- in-law, eapecially when it ia remembered tbat Ihey had alwaya been warm fi-iends aside from political animosities. She was left behind while the family proceeded on their way. She was a woman of great judg ment, memory and physical endurance. To her the writer of this sketch ia indebted for many facta in relation lo the family. Joaeph Willard passed hie days at the preeent resi dence of Daniel Mc Grath, and died in 1829, aged 80. His widow in .1846, aged 80. Willard, Andrew, owna aud occupies land which haa beeu in the family from the firat settlement of the lown. He has been confined mostly lo hia houae and bed for the last 12 years with a spinal complaint, which he haa borne wilh cheerful fortitude. Hia only son Henry livea with hia father. Willard, Silas, m. a da. of Ebenezer Baker, and aettled at the village. He atrug- gled through life against the adverse, influ ences of poor health and slender meana, and maintained a highly respectable character. He died in GranviUe, N. Y., in 1859, aged 66, leaving 4 children ; Cyrenius M., is au attorney, and judge of probate, and waa cash ier ofthe Caatleton Bank, from 1853 to 1865. Willard, Dr. James H., a brother of Silaa Willard, m. Nancy, a da. of Ephraim Fitch, and practiced hia professiou here, a few years. 932 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. He removed lo Brownhelm, Ohio, in 1830, and died in 1858 ; his wife in 1863. Willey, Asa, from Colchester, Ct., 1778, died in 1825, aged 80; his widow in 1827, aged 79. They left 11 children; Asa lives iu UuadiUa, N. Y., at the age of 88. Zecha riah died in 1866, aged 85 ; Betsey m. Isl, Gid eon Gifford, who died in 1810, aged 50. 2d, Nathan Brown, and died in Castile, N. Y., in 1855, aged 91. SaUy is the widow of Capt. Buahnell, and with her aiater, Lucy, 81 yeara of a.ge, livea on the homeatead. Willis, Allen, from Shelburn, Maes., m. Nancy Barden. He died in 1858, aged 80. Hia widow survives at the age of 78. Winchester, Andrew, from New Leba non, Cl., 1786 ; settled on the present home stead of hia grandaon, Norman. Hia wife, whose name was Lydia Carver, was a direct descendant of Gov. John Carver, the first governor of Plymouth colony in 1620. He died in 1827, aged 66. Winchester, Joel, m. Sophia Armstrong, of Caatleton, and succeeded to the homeatead of hia father, Andrew. He died in 1846, aged 56 ; his widow in 1862, aged 70. They had 8 children, of whom Charles graduated at Wesleyan Univeraity, became an attorney, and is county judge at Springfield, Mass. Wiseman, John, born iu .England, 1765 ; came to this country diiring the Eevolution, a soldier in the Britiah aervice. He deserted while the army lay on the Hudson, and be ing hotly pursued, swam the river. When hia pursuers came up, they fired upon him, but to .no purpose. He waved hia hat in triumph and exclaimed, " Boys you are loo late." He joined our army and continued in it lo the end of the war. He settled in the southweat part of the town, tbe only guide to his place then being marked trees. He died in 1815, aged 60, leaving 10 children. Wood, David, from Plymouth, Maaa., 1792, settled on tbe late homeateadof hia son, Luther B. Wood. He had aeveral children and died in 1836, aged 87. His wife iu 1825, aged 77. Wood, Luther B., aucceeded lo the moun tain home of hia father. He was m. four limea, and raised a very numeroua family. Hie two laat wivea were daughtera of Wil liam Stoddard. His son Martin P. wae killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 12, 1864. An other aon, Henry C. waa among the first to enter the service for 3 yeara. Mr. Wood died in 1865, aged 80. Wood, Eev. Samuel, M., aucceeded Eev. Mr. Bonney in the pastorate of the Congre gational church in 1854, and continued un til 1859, when he removed to Brunswick, N. Y. The church is repreaented as having been at a low ebb, at the time he assumed the paatorate. Diffident and unassuming in hia deportment, he was faithful and diUigent in the discharge of hia ministerial dutiea. Wooster, Henry, from Connecticat, about 1780; settled on the preaent premiaea of Daniel Folger. In 1793, the Episcopal con vention of Vermont met at his bouse, and elected the first Bishop of Vermont, Dr. Ed ward Base, who, however, did not enter on its duties. He died about 1820, aged 80. He left two sons, Henry and Amos. Wooster, Henry, Jr., m. Dorothy Bald win, who died in 1817, leaving two children : Asa and Amanda. The latter m. Rev. Mr. Stannard, and was a missionary to the In dians. Next he m. Deborah Loomia, and died in 1836, aged 43, leaving one daughter, Deborah, who m. Luther P. Lincoln. Weight, Samuel, was noted as a hunter and trapper, and spent a portion of each ^ear, until over 70 yeara of age, in the north ern foresta in pursuit of his favorite game. He died in 1828, aged 81. Wright, Samuel, Jr., m. Eebecca, da. of Tracy Cleveland ; settled near hie father's. and built a linseed oil mill in 1814. He had two sons: Hoel m. -\urelia, da. of Calvin Cleveland, and removed lo Green Bay, Mich. He waa one of the first settlers in that region, and is a prominent and wealthy citizen. Eev. Lucien B. Wright became an Episcopal minister and settled in Alabama, where be died at an early age. Mr. Wright removed to Green Bay about 1830, aud recently died. town census, JANUARY 1, 1867. Whole number of inhabitants, 1,363; Males, 674 ; Females, 689 ; Aggregate age, 40.233 years. Average age 29.562. Of these 362 are voters. Of men over 21, there are farmers, 283 ; carpentere, 11 ; manufacturers, 7 ; blackemitha, 6 ; shoemakers, 6 : masons, 6 ; wagon-makers, 3; painters, 3; weavers, 2; millwrights, 2 : harneaa makera, 2; tinners 3; tailors, 2 ; gunsmith, 1 ; photographer, 1 ; merchants, 8 ; produce dealers, 5 ; grocer, 1 ; PAWLET. 933 hotel keepers, 2: station agent, 1; railroad employees, 5; mail carriers, 2; clergymen, 3; physicians, 3; attorneys, 2. There are 12 persons in town from 80 years of age to 91. cheese-factories. The first cheese factory in the State was established on the premieee of C. S. Bardwell, in West Pawlet, in March 1864. It is ruu by a joint atock company incorporated by tha legislature in 1865, and has a capital of about $ 5,000 invested in buildings aud nec essary fixtures. The milk of about 475 cowa, ou an average, haa been delivered here for the Ust 3 years. The whole amount of milk for three seasons is 4,849,759 Iba. making 486,267 lbs. of cheese, market weight, being a fraction more than one pound of cheeae to 10 pounda of milk. Net proceeda of the cheese, all expenaea paid, $ 90,000, being a fraction over 18|- cents per pound. The cost . of maauiacturing cheese at this establishment, inclading every expense until delivered at the depot haa been two cents per pound. The whole management is under the supervision of a board of three directors, and so well are its patrons satisfied with this method of cheese making that the association will in the present year very much enlarge its man- nfacturing capacity. Another factory was establiehed at the vil lage in 1865, by Eollin C. Wickham, on a rather larger scale, which haa been equaUy successful. "We have no returns from it. Still another factory just over the line in Wella was established in 1865 by James Nor ton. More than half its milk comes from this town. We are assured that the cheese from all these establishments tarings the highest price in market. Pawlet, Oct 19 1872. Miss Hemenway, f I am in receipt of your favor of Oct, 7th. In reply to your question as to the au thor of the lines in my history of Pawlet " I beg aad pray both night and" day " dtc. I can only say that I often heard my father re peat them (there were a dozen stanzas) and name the author who waa known lo him, but I fail to remember 'his name or any other en tire stanza. I have never seen or heard the " song " composed by Eldad Curtis on leaving town and have the story only from tradition. In regard lo the Clergyman who beoame a Ro man Catholic it was the Eev. Daniel Barber who wae an early Missionary of the Epiaco pal Church in thia town and vicinity but whose reaidence I believe waa in Mancheater, Vt. Hia son VirgU H. Barber who was an ao- compliabed claasical scholar aud who at one lime was Principal of Fairfield Academy (Herkimer County N.Y.) firat became attached to the Catholic Church and it waa aaid that through his influence hia Father became a convert. I remember seeing in a religious print just fifty yeare ago a notice of this Vir gU H. Barber at Eome. He waa ordained in that city by the name of " Virgilliua Barber- ini." His subaequent hiatory ie unknown to ue. I am well pleased that you have reached Rutland County. Yours truly, H. Hollister. The history of the Barber family, (father aud son of which were among the early Protestant Episcopal missionaries at Pawlet, Mancheater, Burlington, this State, Clare mont, N. H. &c.,) links with the religious hiatory of Fanny Allen, daughter of Gen. Ethan Allen and tbat of the Rt. Rev. Wm. Tyler, D. D. Firat Biahop^of Hart ford, Ct., aud his father's family, and forma a unique chain in the early Catholic hiatory of our State. We have considerable mate rial in haud for these parties , but hopeful lo obtain more, will reserve to combine it in one chapter, under the biography of Bishop Tyler, a native of Derby, — the history of which town is to be completed for the next volume we hope. Ed.] About eix years since perhaps a little over. Dr. J. H. Guild, a native of thia town, now a resident of Eupert while treating a hard caae of aathma of near thirty years atanding, on which he had expended all the usual modes of treatment, happily undertook to prepare a new medicine from a combination of aeveral sure plants of peculiar properties for the bronchia and nervous system. Hia medi cine curing even to hia surprise, to which ha scarce looked to more than alleviate this dia- tresaing case," he tried it with othera and invariably iti seems with the same success. The Doctor put an advertisement into the leading New York papers, offeriug a bottle free to every sufferer. It was nol long be fore Guild's Oreen Mountain Asthma Cure was called for in many quarters and soon recoin- 934 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. inendations were flowing in from every quar ter of the United States. The Doctor atarted hia aalea aix years since, "investing only $16,20 capital," haa never put in an additional dollar. On ita own merits it haa worked its way until at present it yields him an income of over i{; 12,000 per annum. Dr. J. H. Guild is sou of Chauncey and grandaon of John Guild, all of Pawlet. Ed.HON. AARON CLARK. BT WHITFIELD W.tLKEB, OF WHITING. I propose to give a brief sketch of the Hon. Aaron Claret, one of Vermont's diatin guished sona, who wae born in Pawlet, Vt., about the year 1789. He waa the aecond son of David Clark, and the first born of his mother, Lydia Clark, she being tbe aecond wife of hia father. When he waa quite a small boy, his father aettled in Whiting, — commencing on a new farm, and eharing, in common with othera, the privations and hardabipa incident to a new aettlement. He had the misfortune, early iu life, to become an orphan. June 9, 1799, his father waa drowned in Otter Creek, leaving a wife and 4 aons ( one by his first marriage ) and 3 daughters, to struggle wilh life's realities, in the great battle of life. Fortunately, hia mother was a woman of sterling qualities, both in bead and heart, and hesitated not to meet the iasue wilh heroic fortitude and dia- criminating firmnesa. Most naturally would ahe have looked to this son to aid her in life's coming battle, surrounded aa she was by little ones. But no ; she embraced the first opportunity to placo him under the care and guardianship of a gentleman, then a resident of Saratoga Co., N. Y., till he should reiuh Ins majorily ; doing this with perfect confideneo although this gentleman was an entire stranger to her. So eagle-eyed were her perceptions of human character, that ahe never had cause to regret what mi'st mothera would have deemed madness, or at least the height of imprudence. That gentleman, (I regret that I have lost his name,) in the great generosity of hia na turo, gave the .subject of thia notice a claasical education at Union College, where he gradu ated with distinguished honors. Subse quently, he studied the profession of law, and was admitted lo the bar iu Albany Co., N. Y. Hia great intellectual calibre, aterling | integrity, and affable and urbane manner, were such no long time was required to bring him into notice. About this time Daniel D. Tompkins was elected governor of the State of New York, and made Mr. Clark hia pri vate secretary, retaining him until the close of his gubernatorial career, when Mr. Clark waa elected clerk of the Houae of Aasembly for a aeriea of years, during which he pub liahed a legielalive manual, I am told is still in uae. About 1825, or '26, he, with hia family, removed from Albany to the City of New York, having accumulated a fortune of $ 12 0(X), eince which, aa he told the writer in 1834 or '35, il had accumulated to ? 90,000. In 1840, he was elected mayor of the City of New York, which office he held 2 years, in which he acquitted himself so as to com mand tbe respect, not only of the City of New York, but of the entire State. While his mother lived he frequently vis ited her, and also the house of tbe writer, with his accompdished wife and family. That mother he never forgot, nor did he forget to honor the father, whose life was prematurely cloaed al the age of 43 yeara. He erected a plain marble slab at the head of hia grave, about the year 1812, on which is inscribed the following aentiment : ' " The world's a loser when a good man dies." CHRISTMAS. BT HARRIET A. CHAPIUf. A merry Christmas, for yon, cousiD Ann With a happy New Year in view, 1 And believe that iu heart, easily 1 can i Find many kind wishes for you. Tlie storm king is without and ronnd about liis bugle I hear iu the wind blast ; A snow white sheet, he has strewn wilhont And with heavy clouds, the sky overcast. Time as on wings of wind is quickly fleeting by. And nmny precious years are past And a heavy burden, on conscience liea; But, lot tbe future be improved at laat. MOTHER AND BABE— Extract. Heaven claims the warm young heart As stars are claimed by even ; And soft afl twilight rays depart. She soars from earth to heaven. As Bummer breeze at even — M'lth smile so calm and mild. Soft let her bear to heaven Her fair — her precious child. Mart Bobinsok. PITTSFIELD, 935 PITTSFIELD. BY EEV. W. B. BLOSSOM. The township of Pittsfield is a gore of land lying between Stockbridge, on the east, Roch ester on the north, aud Chittenden on the west. and, in a triangular form, the most southern point cornering on tbe town of Sherburne. It was represented to contain land equal in amount to a township and a hal^ and was chartered July 29, 1781, by Thomas Chittenden, the then Governor of Vermont, to Samuel Wilcox, Dan iel Kinne and Josiah Wright aud their associ ates, being about 130 in number ; mostly or all in the States of Massachusetts and Con necticut. The first proprietors' meeting was holden at Danby in December, 1781, and Daniel Kinne was their first moderator, and Solomon Stod dard proprietors' clerk; at which time, also, a committee was appointed to lay out and allot the township : who accordingly laid out 52 i acres to each proprietor, and a like number of acres to each of the public reservations, agree ably to the charter, which they called the first division. In 1787 they made another .allotment of 40 acres lo each proprietor, whereupon they dis covered that by reason of the towns of Stock- bridge aud Chittenden overreaching their char ter bounds, their gore did not exceed a half township, and that they were suffering great loas as to territory. At a meeting holden Sept. 25, 1787, they appointed Asa Whitcomb, Esq. and Charles Goodrich, Esq as their agents to obtain redreiss from the Legislature for tbe loss of their lands by the encroachments of the towns of Stockbridge and Chittenden : but all the satisfaction they obtained was, that tbe land was there, and they must look it up — whereupon suits were commenced, and much litigation ensued for yeara ; and they were fin ally defeated and lost their land. The first eettlments were commenced about the year 1786, by Daniel and Jacob Bow, in the southern part of the town. Daniel Bow commenced on the ferm where now (1869) Da vid Avery lives, and Jacob where Isaac Tag- gart now lives. They both emigrated from Middletown or Chatham, Ct Thomas Hodgkins commenced settlements in the northeast part of the town the same year, on the farm now owned by Royal Tapper, known as the Tupper farm ; and George Mar tin on the ferm now owned by Granville Fare well : which farms have been set off to Roch ester. The flrst mills in town wero built by Charles Goodrich of Pittsfield, Mass., who received of the proproietors a right of land for building them. They also gave him the privilege of naming the town, which he did after the towu in which he lived. He therefore built a saw and gristmill on the same location where the mills now stand, owned by Joseph Seg.nr and E. Atwood. He also put up a convenient fram ed house, (the first in town) for the accorarao^ dition of his miller, and a part of which was nsed for several years for holding town and religious meetings ; also for schools in the win ter season. Among the flrst settlers were Lucius Kibbe, where Mr. Bishop now lives, John Gains, where Roswell Ranney. — Dr. Tucker, where Mrs. French, and Ira Holt and Woodward Tucker, where Widow Pjiteh now lives. David Waller commenced the farm now own- ed by Alden Pinney; Alba Durkee commenc ed the farm where Douglas Long now lives, and Timothy Durkee that part of Joel Ellis' farm known as the Gibbs farm, — and Amos Jonea ! where Joseph Durkee lives— Zacheusf Blossom I on Arlow Lamb's placo. David Daly commeno- I ed farming and shoemaking near the end of I the bridge, below the mill where Guilford Par- I menter now lives. Nathaniel Eddy eommenc- ] ed the farm now owned by H. 0. Gibbs. The first inhabitant in what is now the vil lage was Uzziah Green, in a poor log-house, : between the school house and Congregational parsonage. Jonas Stone first began where An drew EUis lives, and Ebb Durkee where Jona than and Joel Ranney now are, and David i Durkee where R. Guernsey now lives. Those j above mentioned were tbe first settlers in town. In the year 1796, on the 4th of March, Ben jamin Blossom came into town. He tended Goodrich's mills 10 years, and occupied the house built for that purpose. He then moved on to the place now owned by Gad Segar, where he lived until he died. A branch of White River, called the Tweed, runs through the east part of the town, a part of which comes from the south — the other psirt, the one that the mill stands on, comes from the west, and is called the West Branch. It takes its rise iu Chittenden. The two branches form a junction a few rods below the mills. These streams were weU stocked with fish, principal ly trout, which was a benefit to the early set tlers. To supply their tables it waa an easy 936 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. matter to go out, and in a half hour catch enough for a family an abundant meal. Many ¦were caught that would weigh from 1 to 3 lbs. each. They have now become scarce and small; although fishermen come from other towns — from Rutland, Woodstock, Royalton, Bethel, &o,, and spend much time in fishing, and take and carry off a few diminutive ones. Doer were also caught in abundance, by go ing but a short distance on the hills. Bears aud wolves made frequent depredations upon the eheep and young cattle. The face of the land is mountainous and broken, except on the streams, where there are many good farms, which are fertile and easily cultivated and productive : yet there are some good farms among and ou the hilla. The most elevated and noted hill in the town is Wilcox's Peak — a name given it by Samuel Wilcox, one of the original proprietors, who at tempted to ascend its summit, but failed on ac count of weariness, and christened it after him self. The first town-meeting was held at the house of Daniel Atkina, (he then living in the house at the mills, and tending the same for Charles Goodrich) on the 26th day of •, 1793, and George Martin was chosen moderator, Thomas Hodgkins town clerk, George Martin, Stephen Holt and Joseph Adams, selectmen, Daniel Bow, treasurer; Anthony Whitcomb, first constable, Daniel Atkins, sealer of leather ; Stephen Holt and William Davis, grand jurymen ; Daniel .At kins pound-keeper ; Jonas Stone and Asa Call, tythingmen ; David Daly, Jacob Jefferson and Ebb Durkee, haywards ; Daniel Bow, fence- viewer ; Ebb Durkee, Jacob Jeffersou and Ja cob Bow, highway surveyors ; Daniel .Bow, sealer of weights and measures. At a meeting held at the house of Thomas Hodgkins, March 3, 1 794, it was voted to hold tho town-meetings, for the future, at the milla two-thirds of the timo, and nt the house of Thomaa Hodgkins tlie other third. In March, 1797, it was voted to hold the towii-meoting "nt the house of David Durkee, whore ho now lives'' — it being where Reuben Guernsey now (1869) lives. Until the year 1800 there was but one school- district in town, and tho lown built a large school-house near where Joel Ranney now lives, which was used for schools, town-house and meeting-house for a number of years. A CONOBEQATIONAL OHUROH Was formed Sept. 17, 1803, by the Rev. Mar tin Fuller of Royalton, consisting of 16 mem bers, viz. Nath'l Stone, Nathan Stone, Levi Par tridge, Asa Gilbert, Isaac Eddy, Betsey Eddy, John Gaius, Ruth Gaius,DanT Bow,Rlioda Stone, Molly Blossom, Hannah Gilbert, Molly Bow, Eliz abeth Durkee, Rebecca Stone and Lydia Hay den, being inhabitants of Stockbridge and Pitts field. and chose Nathan'l Stone for tbeir moder ator, and Isaac Eddy, scribe : which church was supplied with preaching by various ministera from abroad ; some by voluntary service, others being hired fur longer or shorter periods, aa they could provide means — among whom were, Archibald Campbell, Elder Rich, a very corpu lent man, who would walk with his staff from Pittsford, a distance of 12 miles across the Green Mountain, through tbe wood.i. when the road was barely ent ont, and not much worked. The church was composed of members both iu Stockbridge and Pittsfield, and was for many years called "the church of Stockbridge and Pittsfield." In July, 1810, a powerful revival of religion commenced under the preaching of tbe Rev. Pbinehas Randall, aud continued until 56 new members were added to the church — 53 in one day — others soon after. The church was anp- plied with different ministers, among whom was tbe noted Lemuel Haynes of West Rutland, un til 1813, when Eev. Justin Parsons moved into Pittsfield, and waa installed pastor over said church, and remained their minister nnti) abont the year 1831, when his relationship with the church was dissolved. .¦\fter Rev. Mr. Parsons was dismissed, Rev. John Suddard was hired to preach 20 weeks. Rev. Daniel O. Morton preached, also, occasion ally about this time. Rev. Daniel Rockwell ¦n-.ns their next minister for one year; aftor which Rev. Joel Davis of Barnard was employ ed for n short term, who was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Fisk. In 1 838 Rev. Asa Putney became the minister for one year. On the 7th of Mareh, 1838, a protracted meeting was commenced and holden one week, conducted by Rev. Calvin Noble of Rochester, the fruit of which was about 30 new members first added to the church, and aome 20 more a short time after. The Rev. Samuel Sparhawk waa ordained and commenced his labors aa pastor here on the 3d Sabbjvth of May, 1838. On the 30th day of September, 1841, the pastoral relation between Mr. Sparhawk and his church was dissolved, and he was dismissed as the result of a council called for that purpose. Rev. John Beckwith PITTSFIELD. 937 was the next minister for one year, and tlaen left. Rev. Benjamin Abbot commenced his miniaterial labora with thia people the first Sab bath in January, 1843. Feb. I, 1844, a pro tracted meeting was commenced, assisted by Rev. Brothers Scales, Hubbard and Sparhawk, which continued one week, and some sinners were converted. Jan. 18, 1846, Mr. Abbot closed his labors with the church, and left the place. In March, 1847, the Rev. J. B. Clark became their min ister, and labored wilh them 4 years : after which the Rev. Mr. Duncan labored wiih tbem one year. In Oct. 26, 1851, the Rev. Mr. Duncan was hired and preached one year. In 1853 the Rev. Abel Patten waa hired to preach for one year, and continued as actini? pastor two yeara. March, 1862, Rov. A. W. Weld became their minister for one year. .About thia time deacon S. S. Knowlton, a worthy and efficient officer in the church, com mitted suicide by hanging himself with a rope in his barn, and brother Joseph Segar was chos en deacon in his stead. Afer the Rev. Mr. Weld's time expired, Rov. A S. Swift preached one year. Mr. Sparhawk, after an absence of some yeara, returned and became the acting pastor for a year or two. Walking in the atreet, near his residence, he fell and died before any one could reach him. After Mr. Sparhawk'a death, Rev. J. B. Clark, onr former minister, came inlo» town and pur chased a farm which he cultivates, and is the present acting pastor of the church. In 1820 the church and society built a nice and convenient little meetinghouae al a coat of $l,<-0(i, which they occupied until the year 1859, when, through the influence and exer tions of the Rev. Mr. Scott, their then minister, they repaired the house — raised il up, put a vestry under it ; built a beltry, in which they put a nice bell, and newly arranged the inside, by converting the pews into modern slips, which renders it a convenient houae of worship. The chu'ch had pievioualy procured a convenient house and lot for a paraonage — the church is small and poor, aud have to receive aid from the Domestic Missionary Society to support preaching. The Sabbath School is small — about 40 schol ars — but well attended, under the superintend ence of H. 0. Gibbs, Esq. Four young men* * Pour young men, members of the Congregational cliir-rli liave become Congregational ministers, viz: Levi Parsons, missionary to Palestine, died while a raised here are ministers of the Gospel in differ ent parts of the country, and two teachers in aeminariea. METHODISTS AND CHRISTIANS. For want of acceas to records of the Metho dist church, the following facts are stated from the recollection of the writer : About the year 1805 or 6, one Joseph Craw ford came iuto town and preached the first Methodist sermon ever preached in town. He was a very smart, eloquent speaker, and soon drew together a large audience, for ao small a town, and soon after organized a Methodist church, which increaaed and flourished for a time, and was supplied with preachere (whoae names are not recollected) holding their meet inga in private houses, until one Edward Rol lins, a Chriatian preacher, came into town, and drew almost the whole Methodist church after him. He formed a Christian church, and a large part of the Methodist ehurch joined with them ; insomuch that it was supposed that the Meth odist was broken up, and would not again or ganize : but in a few years the Christian ex citement abated, aud the Methodista returned to their former church, aud built them a meet inghouae, which they occupied until the year 1859, when the old house was sold and moved to another location — ^bought by the town and converted into a town-hall, and ia now so occu pied. The Methodist church and society then erected a nice house on the site of the old one, furnished with a bell and chandelier, and which is, perhaps, as fine a house of ita size, as any of the denomination in the State. They are supplied from year to year with preachers sent to them by the Methodist conference. Their houae was built mostly through the patronage and agency of the Rev. Ira Beard, who was then a reaident of the town. TOWN CLERKS. Thomaa Hodgkins, town clerk from 1793 to 1806 ; Nathan Eddy, from Maroh, 1806 to '09 ; Aaa Gaius, from 1809 to 1817; Wilham R. Blossom, from 1817 to '33 ; Levi Rix, from 1833 to '41 ; Asa Gains, 2d, from^l841 lo '42 ; P. T. Matthews, from 1842 to '45; Amos Holt, from 1845 to '50 ; Ortan Hatch, from 1850 to '52; Ira Beard, from 1852 to '53 ; B. P. Upham, from 1853 to '59 ; Loren Read, from 1859 to '62; C. W. Brigham, from 1862 lo the preaent time. (1873.) young man ; S. "W. J. C. McCollome. Segar, Stephen Knowlton, and 9r;8 VERMOr.T HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. soldiers' RECORD. Tho town furniahed 32 as tlieir quota of sol diers in the late war. Lester Bard was killed at Gettysburg; Freeman Browu at Fredericks burg; Frank Swan and John Shannon missing since SiiC'iiduirH Uglit in the Shenandoah val ley ; Blaiichaid died iu hospiPal near Washington ; Francis A. Gibbs died in a rebel prison, at Florence, S. C. Tho town hare paid their e-^peiiKus of the war, and are clear of debt * Tliero are now no soldiers of the Revolution, nor of the war of 1812, living, except the writer of this, who is iu bis 84th year. The records and material for furniahing this articlef bu-iiig very imperfect and obscure, it is the best that I, an old man, could hastily collect aud note down. W. R. B. LEVI PARSONS. BT REV. P. M. WHITE. Levi Parsons, son of Rev. Justin and Electa Parsons, was born in Goshen, Mass., July 18, 1792. Kis father suliseqiiently became the first pastor of the Congregational church in PilLs- field. At the age of sixteen he united with his father's clmrch. He was graduated : t Ando ver Theological Seminaiy in 1817 — was licenc ed by tbe Salem (JIass.) Association in April of that year, and having decided to become a foreign niis>ionai'y, was ordained hI Boston Sept. 3, 1817. Rev Lj'man Beecher prf ached the sermon. He spent a year in the service of the Vermont Domestic Missionary Society, preach ing in towns where there waa no stated minis try. In some instances he secured very valua ble results. This was especially the case in Troy and Westfield, in neither of which towns lie found more than one or two religious per sons : but after a few montlis prencliing a thor ough leforin took phice, and a church was or- gniiizeii in oaoli town. He acted as ngeni for the .American Board in the Simc of New York for 8 months, making dei'ii impressions on his audiences, and awaken ing HI. .at interest in tho cause of missions. — One of his hearers gives the following aocount of tlio circuinslanocs unending one of his ser mons : * riUKfli-bl paid li\rge war bcnintiea; soiiii' of our In^t voIiinli.(M-M u.coiviiiy * 1,111111 ; yi.l at llu' olo.se of tlie war llio h.wii was out of lielit, and had $ GOn iu the trcHKury. t[ Being (llHuppnliited in obtiviniiiK the history from tlio piirty wlio tiiul lli-st. and for a hing tiim-. promised 1! e "anu-, this very jrooil paper lias been kindly furnisli- 0(1 b) our veiK'iubk' lrii'Tid,at avery sh Tt not'ice... Ed.] '.' He was the firat missionary to the Old World we had ever seen. Jerusalem, the place of his destination, was among our dreams, save when we read of it in the Bible ; and then alone it aaaumed reality. After a modest look over his audience, as if to rally from the ex citement of the moment, he opentd ond read from the Acts of the Apostles the following words : ' And now, behold, I go bound in the spirit unto Jerusalem, not knowing the things that shall befall me there .' which he announced as hia text. At thia moment many who had not been accuatomed to weep gave utterance to. their emotion by the falling tear. Another look upon the almost breathless audience, and the young missionary, with a tremulous voice, broke the silence in the following words, or nearly : ' 0 Jenisalcm I Jerusalem I what evil betidea thee, that we are this day to sever the tenderest tieawh'ch bind us to our country and our kindred, and go to thy relief?' " At this opening of the sermon, old and young began to bend towarda Jeiuaalem, and all saw and felt that the city over which the Saviour wept, aud the people who inhabited the old Desolations, were needing the help which the young mis!.oion.Try was set apart to render them. Speaking of the uncertainty of his mission,^referred to by St. Paul, and con tained in the last clause of the text: 'not know ing the things that .shall befall me there.' — he s.aid, pointing to the tavern across the .way : ' In front of yonder house hangs a sign inviting the weary traveler to its hospitalities and .safe repose ; but Jerusalem is without promise of hospitality or protection.' " He sailed for Smyrna Nov. 3, 1819, and ar rived there J.an. 15, 18-20. On the island of Smyrna and Scio he labored as a mi.osionary nearly a year, and then sailed for Jeruaalem, whoro he arrived Feh. 12, 1821. Here he re mained about 3 months, occupied mainly in miikiii.a' nrraiigemenis for a permanent mission ary establisment. He then returned to Smyr na, encountering on the way many perils by son nnd land. It now appeared thut disense had taken such stroll,!;; hold of his constitution, as to ren der it necessary to give immediate attention to lii.o health. By advice of a physician he look a voy.age to Egypt, but without benefit ; and, after fingering some months, he died of con sumption at Alexandria, Feb. 11. 1822. Mr. Parson's mind was not one of great pow er or brilliancy, but his judgment was sound, and his faculties well balanced; and he was PITTSFORD. 939 nol only an acceptable preacher, but a great favorite in the churches which he viailed. This resulted not from the intellectual ability, origin ality of thought, or cultivated taste displayed in hia aermons, but rather from a plain, simple, judicious presentation of the truth, with ten derness, gentleness and love. His only publication was " The Dereliction and Restoration ofthe Jews : a sermon preach ed in Pearl Street Church, Boston, October 31, 1819, just before the departure ofthe Palestine Mission.'' pp. 39. His memoirs, by his broth er-in-law, Daniel 0. Morton, (M. G, 1812,) were published iu 1824, by Smith & Shute of Poult ney, Vt., in a duodecimo volume of 431 pages. The poet Brainard wrote a tribute to his mem ory, commencing — . Green as Machpelah's honoured field. Where Jacob and -where Leah lie, Where Sharon's shrubs their rosea yield, And Carmel*B branches wave on high ; So honored, so adorned, so green, Toung martyr I shall thy grave be seen. PITTSFORD.* BT A. M. CATEELT. Pittsford occupies a position a little north of the centre of Rutland county, and is bounded N. by Brandon, E. by Chittenden, S. by Rut land, aud W. by Hubbardton and Ira. The principal river is Otter Creek, which passes through the centre of the township, receiving in its course several tributaries, the most im portant of which are Furnace Brook on the east, and Stevens' Brook on the west. The valley of the Otter Creek — probably av eraging about a mile in -width, is comparatively level and exceedingly productive ; while the easterly and westerly portions of the town are hilly, less fertile but profitable grazing lands. The earliest exploration by the while raco of any part of the territory now included in Pittsford, so Iar as can be ascertained, was in the year 1730, an account of which is contain ed in a diary of a journey from Fort Dummer to Lake Champlain, performed by a certain James Cross : but no important discoveries ap pear to have been made. Again in 1748 Capt. Eleazer Melven of Concord, Mass., with 18 men under his command, passed through this terri tory on a tour of observation, and the journal of his march was afterwards published. But * The materials for this sketch have been taken from the " History of Pittsford," now in manuscript, but Boon to be published. this section of country did nol begin lo be gen erally known, till the commencement of the French war, when began a series of operations which were destined to change its whole phys ical aspect, and to bring in a race of men upon whom were stamped the marks of civilization. At that time the colonies of New England were separated fi'om the French by the belt of wil derness, now the State of Vermont, and during the enauing struggle thia waa frequently pass ed through by military expeditiona to the lakes and Canada, and consquently became pretty well known. In 1759 General Amherst projected the con struction of a military road from No. IT., (now Charlestown), on the Connecticut River, to Crown Point. Thia waa for the purpose of transporting troopa and baggage from Charlea- town, it being lhe rendezvous for men enlisted in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Ths road, commenced in this, and completed the following year, passed through what ia now the township of Pittsford. During this war the New England soldiers engaged in it had a favorable opportunity to become acquainted wilh the country in the vicinity of this and other mili tary routes. Among these soldiers were many young men so charmed with the valley of the Otter Creek, that they resolved to make it their future abode. These lands were claimed by New Hamp shire, and had been promised to the aoldiera as a reward for their meritorious services in con quering the country from the French. But no sooner was peace restored by the conquest of Canada in 1760, than a great crowd of advent urers and speculators made application for them. Benning Wentworth, then governor of New Hampshire, thinking this a favorable op portunity for filling hia coffers with the fees,' continued to make granta of these lands ; and so rapidly were the surveys extended, that in 1761 no leaa than 60 townshipa were granted ou the west, and 18 on the east side of the Connecticut River. Pittsford was granted Oct. 12, 1761, to Eph raim Doolittle and 63 others, and the charter was in the usual form of charters granted by New Hampshire. A branch of the old Crown Point or military road, in ita passage through the town, crossed Otter Creek near the mouth of Stevens' Brook: and this being considered the best fording-place in the Creek, was called Pitt's Ford, in honor of William Pitt, then prime minister of England, and .so popular in the American colonies ; and when the town 940 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. waa chartered it waa called Pittsford, from this ita principal ford. Of the grantees but little is known. The moat of them were residents of Massachusetts, though a few from New Hampshire joined them to make tho requisite number (64) to ob tain a charter of a township ; but none of them ever had a permanent residence within ita bounds. The most active and influential was Col. Ephraim Doolittle, who probably did more than any other person to effect the settlement of the town. He was a resident of Worcester, Masa. , and on the breaking out of the French war received a captain's commiasion, and enter ed tbe service of the colonies — waa with Gen. Amherst at the taking of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, in 1759; and it is said that he assisted Gen. Stark in opening and completing the military road from down Point to Otter Creek. After the Revolutionary war ho settled in Shoreham, Vt., and died there in 1807. The granteea, by the payment of a amaU sum, had secured to them, as they supposed, the title to a, tract of land which, they doubted not, ¦would be eagerly sought by a class of men who wished to make for themselves permanent homes in a new country. But unforeseen events prevented the immediate realization of their cherished hopes. It was soon found that another claim hung over this territory, and that the validity of their title depended upon con tingencies too uncertain to eommand the confi dence of thoughtful men. A controversy had commenced between New Tork and New Hampshire respecting their division line, and, until this waa settled, elairaauts under grants from the latter could not be certain that their claims would be respected. And it was nol till the promulgation of the king's order in council of April 11, 1767, which was construed to favor the claims of New Hampshire, that men were found willing to invest their proper ty in this newly granted township. Aa the recorda of the proprietora for the flrat ten yoars are lost, we have no means of know ing when thoy organized, or who wero the first officers ; but it ia known that at a very early period they proceeded to carry out tho provis ions of the charter. Tho township wna survey ed, and the public lota located, and wo are told that Gov. Wentworth, in the location of his BOO acre lot, was made the dupe of a little sharp practice. Col. Doolittle drew a plan of the town, and in the S. E. part placed the rep resentation of a stream of water, and the ouly one on the plan. This he carried to Portsmouth and laid before the Governor ; and being asked what stream was there represented, replied. East Creek. His E.\cellency aupposing it to be Otter Creek, and knowing that the landa upon this atream were of the best quahly, aaid that be would have hia lot in the S. E. part of the township — and here it was aurveyed off to him and marked " B W" on the plan. Some time after this he had the exquisite pleasure of find ing that Eaat Creek was not Otter Creek, but a small stream running through the poorest part of the town. The first condition of the charter, requiring " every grantee to plant aud cultivate five acres of land within the term of five yeara, for every fifty acres contained in his or their share," &c., was not fulfilled ; and how thia was got along with we are not informed; but we may snp pose that iu consideration of the conflicting claims to this territory, aud the generally un settled condition of public affairs. His Excel lency exercised unbounded compassion towards his " loving subjects." Tbe town being divided into 70 shares, the proponion of land for each grantee was a little more than 300 acres. The lota when laid out in divisions as they usually were consisted of 110 acres — the 10 acres being allowed for roads — and each grantee or propri etor had the privilege of pitching his lot where he chose, provided he did not interfere with any other claim. It would appear from the records, that for a time the granteea carried on quite a traffic in the town rights or sharea, and at one period Col. Doolittle owned nearly one third of the town; but it was not till 1765 that a right was sold to an actual settler, and he (Samuel Wa ters) did not become a resideut here till 7 years later. In 1769 Gideon Cooley bought of Eph raim Doolittle one right in the township, with the intention of making his future home here. He was the son of Benjamin Cooley, who was born in 1702 — married Betsey , and locat ed in Greenwich, Mass., where were born to him by this marriage three daughters and one son. Ilis wife Betsey died about the year 1745, and the following year he married Mary, who was born iu 1725. The children by this marriage were, 1, Benjamin, horn April 30, 174T ; 2, Reuben, born April 25, 1762: 3 and 4, Azariah and Naomi, (twina) born July 26, 1755; B, Margaret, born Nov. 13, 1757; 6, Caleb. GIDEON COOLEY Waa the son of Benjamin, by his flrst wife, and was born about the year 1737, and at the com- PITTSFORD. 941 mencement of tbe French war enlisted as a soldier in the service of his country, and was assigned to the company commanded by Capt Ephraim Doolittle, and several timea during that conteat pasaed through this region of coun try on military-expeditions, and every time he came iu sight of the valley of the Otter Creek, we are told, be expreaaed his highest admira tion of it. At the expiration of 3 years' ser vice he received hia discharge, aud on returning from the Lakes, when he had arrived near the Creek, be followed the old path up the weat side of it, tiU he reached the high bluff a few rods west of the preaent Gorham bridge, and stand ing there he remarked to a comrade, " That" — pointing to the broad expanse below — " is the place for me." But he returned to Green wich, married Elizabeth Osborn of that town, in October, 1758, and resided there till the fall of 1768, when he came to Pittaford to make a more thorough exploration of the country which had so long flittered before his mental viaion. By a more critical examination of the land in tbe vicinity of the Falls, he discovered aome 75 acres on the east side ofthe Creek, and jut ting towards the Falla on the weat, and the highlands on the eaat, covered with ahallow water retained there by a dam which had been conatructed by beavera, and waa convinced that by cutting this dam and draining the land, he might soon have a fruitful field. Thia to him was a coveted spot, and he applied to.his friend. Captain Doolittle, for a deed of this land. The Captain having a large interest in the township, and being anxious to eflFect its settlemeut, prom ised him one right of land aa a gift, on the con dition that he would occupy and improve it, and gave him the privilege of making his own pitch. Being encouraged by such assurances, in the spring of 1769, with a package of provisions, an axe, shovel, hoe, and a few seeds, and ac companied by his younger brother Benjamin, he set out on horseback, to make for himself and family a future home in the wi Iderness. Arriving here, after making for themselves a rude shelter, tbey commenced a clearing, and in a short time had their seed in the ground, and then they began the construction of a log- house. In thia they paid but little attention to the rules of architecture, but gave to it such shape and proportions as appeared to them the best adapted to their more urgent necessities. This house stood about 15 rods northeast of the house now owned by Bassett Loveland, and on the east side of the present highway ; but the only vestige of it now remaining, ia a small ex cavation iu the ground, which once constituted the cellar. With the exception of aeveral short trips to Bennington lo procure the necessaries of life, and one or two visits to Greenwich, they apent the aummer here, enlarging their clearing, com pleting the house, and making such general ar rangements as would enable them to spend the winter here comfortably. Having gathered the moat important part of their cropa early in Oc tober, Gideon went to Greenwich fbr his family. After the delay of a few days there, procuring an extra horse for the occasion, with his wife and 5 children, he aet out for hia new home. Their scanty furniture and domestic utensils were packed in sacks which were carried upon the backa of their horaea. Thus encumbered their progress was necessarily slow ; but after a toilsome journey, attended with many vexa tious delays, they reached the humble log-cab in, far removed from the haunts of civilization. Here, then, we date the beginning ofthe settle ment of Pittsford by the European race. Of the exact day we are nol informed ; but that it was sometime in the month of October, there can be littlo doubt. Either just before, or immediately after he located here with hia family, Capt. Doolittle, in fulfilment of his promise, presented him with a deed of hia land. Thia was a warranty deed of one ahare, or a little more than 300 acrea, and dated Oct. 20, 1769 : and at the aame time he delivered to his brother Benjamin a deed of 100 acres, to be by him located. The former deed included the farm now owned by Bassett Loveland, and the beaver-dam, to which allusion has been made, waa about 100 roda west of the site of Mr. L'a house ; but it haa been so disturbed by the im plements of huabandry, that scarcely a vestige of it remains. It appears that they passed the winter com fortably, subsisting in part upon the few veget ables raised the previous season, and in part upon venison,* an abundance of which was found in the woods. The most of the cooking that winter was done in a small iron kettle brought with them from Greenwich, and this is still preserved in the Cooley family as a relic of that olden lime. Benjamin Coolet pitched his 100 acres of land on the east side of Otter Creek, and it included what haa aince been known as the * The tradition In the family is, that they killed 17 bears that winter. 942 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Cooley farm, a very amall part of which is now owned by Peter Fredett. In 1770 he com menced a clearing, but coutinued to board with his brother till the following year, when he built a log-houae wliich stood one or two rods west of the houso now atanding on the farm, and in this ho resided alone till Feb. 18, 1773, when bo married Ruth Beech, who waa bom in Morristown, N J,, Jan. 11, 1756; but who, at the timo of her marriage, was residing in Rutland, Vt. After occupying the log-house a few years Mr. Cooley built a frame house, which. unfortunately, in the year 1802, was burned. The present house was built by hira on the same site. From thia time to the commencement of the Revolutionary war the settlement of the town gradually progresaed ; and during this period the following persons with their famihes located here, and in the years to which they are here assigned : 1770. Roger Stevens, Ebenezer and James Hopkina, Samuel Crippen, Pelix Powell, Isaac Rood and Isaac Buck. 1771. Moses Olmstead. 1772. Thomas Tuttle, Noah Waite and Sam uol Watera. 1773. William Cox, Samuel Ellaworth and Stephen Mead. 1774. Stephen Jenner, Jonathan Fassett, Ebenezer Lymau, Caleb Hendee, David Crip- pon, William Ward, Edward Owen, Jonathan Rowley, Joshua Woodward, Benjamin Stevens, Aaron Parsons, Samuel Daniela, Peter Whalin, Silaa Mosher, John Hall, Gideon Sheldon, Isaac Matson, and Samuel Montague. 1775. Amos Fassett. EEVOLUTIONART WAE. The disturbancea growing out of the conflict ing claima to the New Hampshire Grants, in which the inhabitanta of Pittsford had been comprllt'd to take purl, aubsided somewhat for tho timo being, for the reason that public at tention was directed to thc more exciting sub ject of n war with England. However much of personal intorcal the enrly settlors of these Grnnts had in nn equitable adjustment of the long standing land-title oontrover.sy, they were willing to postpone further procoedings in rela tion to it, in order that they might the better cociperate with their countrymen in their resist ance to the unjust claims ofthe Britiah govern ment. And when, on the 19th of April, 1775, the im|icnding war waa opened by the conflict at Lo.vington ; when the last ray of hope of a pciccful solution of tho difflcultlea with Eng land was extinguished, and when the colonies were hastily preparing for the struggle, and every nerve was being strained to its utmost capacity, the people of these Grants being in full sympathy with the New England colonies from which they had emigrated, espoused most heartily the common cause, and made the need ful preparations for aiding in its defence. It had long been foreseen by the colonies, that in the event of a war with the mother country, it would be very essential for them to possess the important fortreaaes of Ticonderoga and Crown Point; and as Alleu was about to set out from Castleton on an expedition for this purpo-e, he dispatched Maj. Beach aa a messen ger to collect men to meet his party at a place since known aa Hand's Point, in the town of Shoreham. Beacb*in his circuit pasaed through Pittsford, and called at the residence of Capt. Beiijimin Cooley, to whom he delivered the message of CoL Allen. Capt. Cooley at once left his field, seized his gun, and taking with him Isaac Buck, Jr., J. Demming, Hopkins Rowley and Ephraim Stevens, proceeded to the appointed place of rendezvoua. In the capture of that fortress, which took place on the 10th of May, the citizens of Pitts ford took a deep interest, and in the honora of which they are entitled to an humble share, inasmuch as Capt. Cooley and hia recraita were among the first to cross the lake — to enter the covered passage, and to parade upon the square within the fort. At the time of this first call upon Pittsford for troops, in the war of the Revolution, there were within the limits ofthe town 38 families,! and, including the children, about 195 inhabit ants ; and all, with few exceptions, were loyal to the cause of their country. But they shar ed in the ill feeling subsisting belween the people of the Xew Hampshire Grants and the governing authorities of New York, to which colony they nominally belonged, and were un willing to enter the military service, unless they could do so independently of the government they so much detested. But the Green Moun tain Boya having calablished a reputation for patriotism nnd bravery, were urged to enter tbe fleld ; and arrangements were made by which they could do this as an independent corps, and under officers of their own selection. A few * Beach was a brother-in-law of Capt. Cooley. t In this enumeration are included not ouly the fam ilies already mentioned, but a few other families form ed by the marriage of children of thoae families. PITTSFORD. 943 of the inhabitants of Pittsford entered the reg ular service of the United States, and nearly all the men of a suitable age were enrolled with the militia, and held themselves in readi neaa to turn out whenever called upon by tbe eonatituted authorities lo repel invaaion, or to chastise offenders. The following names are found upon the roll of the Pittsford company : Capt Benjamin Cooley, Lieut. Moses Olms tead, Ensign Jamea Hopkina, Jabez Olmstead, Ahdon Owen. Ashbel Hopkins, Darius Crippen, Gideon Coo'ey, Ebenezer Drury, Caleb Coo ler, Si'as Jifosher, Edward Owen, Nehemiah Hopkins Ebenezer Lyman, Samuel Ellaworth, Isnel Ellaworth. Hopkina Rowley, Ephraim Stevens, Aaron Par.=ons, William Cox, Abra ham Owen, Benjamin Stevens, Jr., Daniel Stevens. James Stevens, Abel Stevena, Luther Drury, Stephen Mead. Samuel Sheldon, Benja min Stevena, John Barnes, John Woodward, Joshua Woodward, Ebenezer Hopkina, Jona- thnn Rowley, Jr. Thia company was frequently called nut on occasions of alarm, and some members of it were in the service of the State or of the Unit ed States most of the time during the war. — Pittsford being a frontier town, was particular ly exposed to the ravages of the enemy who improved every opportunity to carry on their work of destruction and plunder. Some part ofthe time the inhabitanta did not feel safe to remain in their houses ; and in aome instances families were attacked by wandering parlies of Indiana and toriea, and some mem bera either killed or carried into captivity. The exposures were ao great, that the inhabitants found it Tiecessarj' to take some moasures for protection; and aceordingly, in 1777. a fort waa constructed on the eaat bank of Otter Creek, which was named Fort Mott, in honor of John Mott, who frequently acted as com mander of thoae collected within it. But the strength and capacity of this fort were not suf ficient to meet the demands of the people, and in 1779 the Board of War determined to build a fort in Pittaford which could be relied on to accommodate a garrison suitable for the defence of the frontier aettlementa. The aite selected was on the upland, about a mile N. E. of Port Mott, and on the spot then occupied by the ', dwelling-house of Caleb Hendee, Sen. This 'fort was completed in June, lT80. and waa kept earrisoned till the cloae of the war. Soon after lhe fort waa completed one of the garriaon, Daleb Haughton, on returning from a neigbor- BDg house whither he had been on an errand, was attacked by an Indian and killed. When this became known to the garrison. Major Eb enezer Allen, then in command, asaembled his men within the fort, and publicly vowed ven geance agaipat all and every Indian that should come within his power ; aud as a memorial of his vow he dashed a bottle of liquor againat the gate, and christened the fort " Fort Vengeance /" — a name by which it waa ever after known. IN THE WAR OF 1812, Pittsford entered with alacrity into the con test, and her sons marched boldly forth to meet the common foe. The following liat of soldiers from this town, who served for a, longer or shorter term in this war, has been compiled in part from the records, and in part from the recollection of men now living who participated in the exciting acenea of that period : John H. Lincoln, Reuben Jackson, Graton Jackson, Gideon Sheldon, Enos Bailey, Jr., Amherst Lee, R. M. Powers, R. M. Powers, Jr. Zebulon Pond, William Spencer, Sam'l "Wheel er, Leonard Fargo. John Barnes, Jr., Nathaniel Rand, Lucas Thomas, Israel Burdett, Arden Weller, John Dean, Gardner Powers, W. D. Hitchcock. Asa Durkee, Ezra Day, Edward Wheeler, John Betts, Bildad Orcott, Samuel Miller, Joab Powers, Rufus Burr, Justin Dar ling, David L. Beebee, Lemuel P. Howes, John Axtell, John Lampaon, Samuel Cook, Robert Wright. On the invasion of Plattsburgh, N. T., in September, 1814, an alarm was sounded through Vermont, and her sons at once left their work, and hastened to the scene of conflict. Almost every town in the weatern part ofthe State waa there represented; aome by full companies, oth era by a smaller number, who were organized into companiea afu-r their arrival there Intelligence of thia invaaion reached Pittsford in the afternoon of tlie 9ih, and the next d;iy at 9 o'clock, a company of voluuteers assem bled at John Barnes' tavern,* where they organ ized and immediately departed for Plattsburgh. The following is a copy of the muater-roU of the Pittaford company : Caleb Hendee, Jr. captain ; Isaac Wheaton, flrst lieutenant; Harris Bo,gue, second do.; Jonathan Pike, ensign ; K Winslow, surgeon ; George N. Gilbert, surgeon's mate; Jonathan Kendall, wagon-maater"; John Uarnes. Jr., Joel Burroughs, William Cnahman, Anthony Rico and John H. Lincoln, aergeanta; Amoa Drury, Jason Harwood Reuben Jackson, Thomaa Bar * Now the house owned by E. B. Rand. 944 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. low, Japhet L. Warner and Azer Dickerman, corporals; Enoa Daily, Jr., Samuel Holcomb, drummera; Arden Weller, William Beel, Jr., and Zebedee Cooper, Jr., fifers ; Nathaniel K. Andrews, Bradford Andrews, Jaflery Barnes, Oliver Brown, Jonathan P. Barron for Allen Penfield, David L. Beebe, George Burditt, Gershnm Beech, Wm. W. Barlow, Jr., Daniel Barton, Edward Clifford, Zebedee Cooper, Jr., Caleb Carpenter, Luke Dean, John Downey, Horace Downey, Washington Davia for John Kingsley, Roger Egleston, Cameron McGregor, Francis C. Goodale, John A. Gillet, Eli Hud son, William Hay diacharged on the llth, on account of old age, Alvin Hewett, Nathaniel Hunter for Martin Leach, Daniel Hendee, Da vid Jackson, David .'\. Jackson, Hezekiah June, Lot Keeler, Amherst Lee, Roger Ladd, Robert L. Loveland, John Lampson, Jr., Ebenezer Mitchell for D. H. Hammond, Jesse Moon, Hi ram Millington, Eli Mauley, Jr., John Miller dis charged on the llth on account of old age. Jcseph A, Montague, Abraham Owen, Justus Powers, Richard M. Powera, Joab Powera, privates ; Milton Potter, Andrew Leach. Sam. Wheeler, Isaac Clark. Isaac Segar, James Buck, WUliam Spencer wagoners; Lewia Barlow one horae wagoner. The above wagoners car ried loada both waya, from Pittaford to Burling ton, and vice versa ; Adgate Lothrop, Joseph Lattingham. Tilly Walker, William Morgan, Abner Hendee, German Hammond, Justus Powers and Joaiah Parsona, wagoners, carried loads only one way. ECCLESIASTICAL. True to the apirit of the New England fath era, the framera of the chartera of these Ver mont towuahipa made provision in every new Bettlement for the preaching of the divine word, by setting apart one right or ahare of land in each for the firat settled minister. And aa aoon ns the inhabitants became .sufficiently numer OU.S, they took care to procure "a gospel minister" and a place for public worship. But for somo year.s after the first two seniors locat ed in Pittsford, the inhabitanta wore ao few and .scattered, that we flnd no evidence tbat any effort was mado to settle a miniater. But pnblic worship was not neglected, for aome part of tho inhabitants united with the people of Rutland in tho support T)f a minister and sanc tuary privilegea, and two of Pittaford men, viz. Ebenezer Hopkina and Samuel Crippen beoame members of the flrat church there, at the time of its organization, Oct. 20, 1773. THE COJfOREGATIONAL CHURCH Of Pittsford waa organized in 1784, and was the flrat church organization in the town — being formed on the 14th of April, and oonaisted of 15 members, as follows, viz. ; "Eleazer Harwood, Ebenezer Drury, Eben ezer Hopkina, Nehemiah Hopkins, Simeon Tupper, Elias Hall, Jonathan Warner, Elisha Adams, Joshua Morse, Jonathan Fassett, Sarah Adams, Molly Faaaett, Abigail Morse, Tryphe- na Hopkins and Thankful Drury." Eleazer Harwood was afterwards chosen pas tor, and Nehemiah Hopkins deacon. Aa a part of the early church recorda are lost, we have no means of knowing when Mr. H. was ordained and installed; but from the fact that both rehg- ious organizations claimed the miniaterial right or share of land, in consideration of having the flrst settled minister, we infer that Polder Eich and Mr. Harwood were settled about the same time, and perhaps the same day. We believe, however, that it was finally admitted that Elder Rich was the first settled minister in the town; but whether his priority consisted in a day or a few hours, only, we are not informed. But as both denominations claimed the benefit of the ministerial right, and were nol likely to come to an amicable adjustment of the contro versy, the two ministers, in the exercise of a truly Christian spirit, took the matter into their own hands, and settled it by dividing the right between themselves. Accordingly Eleazer Har wood quitclaimed his right to the 1st division lot of the miniaterial right to Elisha Rich, Dec 29, 1 786 ; and at the same time the said Elisha Rich quitclaimed his intereat in the 2d division lot of the ministerial right to the said Eleazer Harwood. Mr. Harwood continued hia pastoral labors till his death. May 19, 1S07. He waa succeed ed in the pastorate of the church and society by tbe Rev. Holland Weeks, who waa instaUed Deo 30, ISO". In ISOS a manual containing the articlea of faith and church covenant was published, and from thia we extract the following: " April 14, 17S4. Fourteen* persons in the town of Pittsford agreed to the foregoing arti cles and covenant, and joined the church; since then from this and the adjoining towna, two hundred ond four have joined said church, be- , fore the date of tliis copy, April 15, 1808, ofi which, at thia lime, twenty-nine have removed) relation — been excommunicated and died. Soj • From tho list of uarnes on record we flnd then; were 15. PITTSFORD. 94.5 at this time there remain in fellowship, one hundred and ninetyf and nine members." Mr. Weeks' pastorate of the church termin ated in February, 1815, in accordance with the advice of an ecclesiastical council called for that purpose. The church and society after warda extended a call to Mr. Asa Messer to become their pastor. The call was accepted, and he was ordained and installed Jan. 29, 1818. Mr. Messer continued bia labora with the church till 1822, when he was released, and a call waa then extended to Mr John IngeraoU to become the pastor. This call was al&o ac cepted, and Mr. Ingersoll was ordained and installed Dea 18, 1823, and continued hia min- i'stry here till the fall of 1826, and was succeed ed by M|r. Willard Child, who was ordained and installed March 25, 1827, and at once entered upon his ministerial labors, which were contin ued till Sept. 8, 1841, at which time the pastor al relation between him and the church and society was dissolved. April 25. 1842, a call was extended to Rev. A. G. Pease, which he accepted, and continued his ministry with the church and society till Oct. 7, 1845. Rev. Charlea Walker became pastor Dec. 2, 1846, and continued in the pastoral office till Dec. 6, 1 864, when he was releaaed by an eccleaiasti- cal council in compliance with his request, which waa in consideration of his advanced age. Dr. Walker, however, continued to sup ply the f»ilpit for more than a year after the pastoral relation was dissolved. Myron A. Munson became pastor, May 31, 18C6, and continued his labors till July 1, '69, when he retired in consequence of impaired health. Mr. R. T. Hall, at the time of thia writing, (Aug. 15, 1870) ia about to assume tbe pastoral care of the church. The number of church members at the present time is about 204. Present deacons of tbe church : S. H. Kellogg, Abel Penfield and Asa Nurae. Clerk, Aaa Nurae. The early meetings were held in private houaes till about the year 1790, when they were moatly held in a achool-house which atood a few rods south of Abe! Penfield's. After the completion ofthe present town-house, however, in 1795, they were held in that building. The preaent meeting-house was commenced in 1835, and finished so that it was dedicated July 18, '37. Since that time it has been extensively repaired, so that it is now a fine specimen of church architecture. t Thi-i should have been eighty. THE BAPTIST OHUROH Was organized Dec. 2, 1784 — compoaed of the following membera, viz.: Elisha Rich, Caleb Hendee, Abel Stevena, Mosea Olmstead, Maiy Stevena and Esther Rowley. The church, after ita organization, "Voted to have Elder Rich serve them for the time be ing, as a preacher." It ia evident Elder Rich commenced hia miniaterial labora here about thia time, though he waa not inatalled tUl March 17, 1785. We copy the following from the recorda of the installation : "Elder Skeel ' preached the sermon on the occasion. Elder Eastman prayed at the laying on of hands ; Elder Steel gave him the charge, and Caleb Hendee gave him the right hand of fellowship, and delivered to him the Bible for hia guide and rule of practice in behalf of the church." Elder Rich continued hia pastoral labors with the church till 1803, when he was dia missed. Immediately after Elder Rich was dismissed, a committee of the church was chosen to pro cure a minisier ; but they were not successful in obtaining more than a temporary supply till 1808 — on the 23d of January of which year the church " Toted to request Elder William Harrington to come aud improve his ministerial gifts in this place." Also the church '' Voted to give Elder Harrington one hundred dollars for his services the ensuing, year." This call waa accepted, and Elder Harrington at osee entered upon hia ministerial labors here. We conclude that he was only hired from year to year, but never installed, as we can find no record of hia installation. He continued to act aa pastor of the church till the first of May, 1817. when the church " Voted to dismiss El der Harrington, upon his request, from the pastoral charge of this church." On the 7th of September following, however, the church committee reported that they had " agreed with Elder Harringten to preach with us one half of the time for the year ensuing, for the com pensation of 75 dollars " This agreement appears to have been carried out ; but Elder Harrington soon after left the town. After the removal of Elder HarrinL'ton the church organization was kept up for a short time and then disbanded. In 1841 tho clmrch waa reorganized with 14 membc-s. Samuel Hendee was choaen deacon, and Nahum Mills clerk. The firat minister waa Rev. V. Church, who continued his labora but one year. Rev. 946 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Charlea Berry commenced hia miniatry here Nov. 7, 1841, and continued it one year. Rev. Levi Smith became paator in February, 1843, and remained 4 yeara Rev. Washington Kings- ley became pastor in June, 1847, and remained two years. Rev. H. B. Wright came in Decem ber, 1849, and labored one year. Rev. V. Church returned in July,'51, and remained two j-cars. Rev. C. R. Nichols supplied one year. Rev. W. Kingsley returned in '54, and remain- two years. Rev. I. H. Wood commenced his labora here in 1856, and closed in '59, when Rev. J. C. Carpenter, the present pastor, com menced his labors. The deacons of the church havo been Samuel Hendee, Roswell Woodcock, Ezra Spencer and James R. Smith : the clerks have been, Nahum Mills and Roswell Woodcock. The number added to the church since its reorganization haa been, by baptism or profeasion, 120 — by letter, 76. Total, 196. At the time ofthe organization ofthe church in 1784, there being no meetinghouse in the town, the meetings were held in private houses; but the following year, '85, a meetinghouae was built near where the present Baptist meeting house now atauda. This waa built of loga, and waa the first houae for public worship in lhe town, and waa occupied till 1795 when the preaent town-house was built. Thia was thc result of the combined enterprise of individuals in the different denominations who felt the importance of cslabhahing and maintaining sanctuary privilegea. After the completion of this hou.se, there be ing but two religioua organizations in the town, — the Baptist and Congregational. — it waa oc cupied by these together ; Elder Ricli preach ing one part of the dav, and Elder Harwurd the other part. In 1802 the Baptist denomin- withdrew. from this house and built theii present house, whieh they continued to occupy till somo lime after the e!ose of Elder Harring ton's ministry, when the church disbanded, and their house of worship was neglected. About the time of tho reorganization of the churcli in 1841, the meoting-honse wns reraod, pled nnd greatly improved, nnd is still a com fortable nnd pleasant placo of worship. THE METHODISTS. The orgnnizalion of tho Methodi.st Episcopal church of this town was of a later dnte ; but as the early church records are noi lo be found, wo have no means of knowing the precise time. There do not nppe.Tr tn hnvo been many Meth odists among the early settlers, and consequent ly no efforts were made to obtain a preacher of this order until the inhabitanta had become considerably more numerous. The first Meih- dist sermon iu Pittsford was preached by Rev. Mr. Milchill, and probably about tbe year 1792. A short time before this Mr. Mitchill had been announced to preach in Brandon, and Colonel Benjamin Cooley, who had just been somewhat interested in reading the doctrinal viewa of iho Methodista, with his brother, Capt. Caleb Coo ley, went to hear the new preacher, and both were very much pleased with the man, and Ihe doctrines he advocated. At the close of the services the preacher made an appointment to preach at tbe same place in four weeka from that day. When the day arrived, Col. Cooley .invited Mrs. Cooley to accompany him to the meeting. The invitation waa accepted, and eaeh mount ing a steed hurried away throngh the woods to Brandon, and reached th^ place of meeting just aa the preacher was about to commence the ser vice. Tying their horsea to the nearest tree, they aoon became attentive hearers, and were so mnch interested in the man and his senti ments, tbat at the close of the services, they sought and obtained an interview with him; and aa they were about to take their departure they invited him to viait them at their home m Pittsford. A fi-w weeks laler, in response to this inviiation, he came to Pittsford. aud at an appointed time, of which notice bad been given, he preaclied the sermon tn which allusion has been made, at Col. Cooley'a house. The foUowing year Elder McLain, aiiot' er Metbodiat preacher, visited Pittsford, and. after preaching several sermons, formed a class at Col Cooley's house. Israel Like was the lead er of this class, which *at first consisted of only four members — Col. Cooley's daughter Marv be ing one of the number. This class was sustain ed for some years, and had a succession of clasa leaders; among whom were the following in the order of thoir appointment, viz. . Israel Lake, Sila,s Mealier, James Wicker, David Wadaworth, John Downey, Chapman Hitch cock and Capen Leonard. Elder Ryon preached in Pittsford one year, (supposed in 1 799)and boarded al Col. Cooley's ; nnd the next local preacher waa Elder Samuel Draper, who came here in T802. He was suc ceeded by Elders Crawford. Washburn and others in the early period ; but the dates nf their ministry here we have not been able to obtain. During a session of the quarterly meeting PITTSFORD. 947 held in Col. Cooley's barn, in the year 1802, hia tiouse took fire from an over-heated oven, and was burned. He forthwith built another house on the same ground — in the second story of which he finished a large hall for meetings. These meeting's were held here till the meeting- hou e waa built in 1814. Thia houae was built on the flat a little south of Capt. Charlea Hitchcock's: it waa boarded and nearly finished outside, but was never finished inside, though it was occupied as a place of worship till the present meeting house was buUt in 1833. Present members of the church, 87; proba tioners, 13. Present class-leaders, T. A. Hitch- cook and John Ward. Stewards, Charlea A. Hitchcock, Charles Hitchcock, J. C. Howe, RusseU N. Wood, Samuel Eckley, Daniel Ray, Mra. J. H. Peabody, Mrs. Royal HaU. Record ing steward, C, A. Hitchcock. THE EOIIAN CATHOLICS Have also a neat church edifice in the town, built in I8"i8; and (heir meetings are quite well attended, though held only about once in two weeks. MILLS. The proprietors of the township, at a meeting held Sept. 3, 1771, " Voted lo give Samuel Crippen fifty acres of land npon his getting a good gristmill fit to grind, by the first of December next — aaid land lymg, thirty acres on the brook, taking a con venient place for the aaid land, not encroaching upon the sawmill apot, he ahall choose, with an allowance for roads to gaid aawmill. twenty sicres of aaid land lying on the north side of said Crippen'a lot he now lives on.'' April 14, 1 772, the proprietora "Voted to give Mr. Crippen to the first of September next to build the gristmill upon the said condition that he builda a good miU." Mr, Crippen evidently commenced the con- strnction of the gristmill in 1772, and quite likely it was completed that year, as we find that the proprietors, at a meeting held on the first day of December, that year, " Voted that Samuel Crippen should have Ihe land which was formerly given him by the proprietors of this place for the building of a gristmill upon condition aaid Crippen keeps aaid gristmill in good repair ten yeara from this time, fit for grinding.'' ¦ But it would appear that the mill, in a little more than a year, was out of repair ; as the proprietors, at a meeting held March 8, 1774, " Voted that Samuel Crippen should have un til the first day of May next to get his griat- inill in gond repair." Thia mill stood on " MiU Brook," (now Suck er Brook,) and very near where William C. Cotting's chair shop now stands. Thia was the first mill built in the townahip, and most of the grinding was done here for several yeara. The second gristmill in this town was built at the mouth of the Stevens' brook, in 1774, or early in '75, by Roger Stevens, Jr. Fifteen acres of land was laid out here by the proprie tors, in the fall of 1772, "for the uae of the towu for the building of a mill" It is not probable tbat grinding was done at thia mill moro than 2 years, as early, in the war Stevens, the owner of the mill, constructed a raft upon which he put his mUl stones, aud floated them down the Creek to Middlebury, and then joined the British army. He never returned to Pitta ford to reaide, but after the war he located in Canada, where he waa afterwarda drowned. The mill waa never afterwarda used, though the structure remained there for years, and the bed- sills are stiU to be seen in their original po aition. The third griatmill waa built in 1783, on Furnace brook, by Elder Elisha Rich. It stood a few rods below tbe bridge, on the road lead ing from Furnace Flat to Chittenden. This mill was purchased the following year by Elisha Adams, and was long kept in operation by the Adams family. The fourth gristmill waa buUt in 1785,. on what was then called Eaat Branch, by Nehe miah Hopkina. It stood near where Mr. John Stevena' mill now atauda. Thia mill was kept in operation by Mr. Hopkina, or some one of his sona, for some years, and then it pasaed into the hands of John Penfield, who ran it quite as many years. This mUl did more busineas than any other in the early day, and the uew mill on the same site, now owned by Mr. Johu Stevena, ia the only gristmUl in tlie lown. About'khe year 1790 a gristmdl waa built in Whipple Hollow by Gideon Sheldon. It stood on a small stream about 100 rods S. W. of the present residence of Byron Morgan. The proprietors, at a meeting held April 14, 177-2, "Voted to give Felix Powell fifty acres of land lying upon the brook, upon conditions he get a good aawmill agoing by the first of De cember next, and keep it in repair five years." Mr. Powell, leaving the town aoon after, did not accomplish the work. Accordingly we ^nd the proprietors, at a meeting held April 20, 1773, " Voted to give Jonathan Fassett fifty acrea , of land, upon conditiona said Faaaett shall build 948 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. a good aawmill by the firat of December next. Said Jonathan Fassett's flfty acres of land is to be laid out where it was formerly given to Felix Powell for the building of the same aawmill." Mr. Fassett commenced building the mUl, but did not complete it that year ; and the proprie tors, at a meeting March 8, 1774, "Voted that Jonathan Fasaett should have tiU the the first of May next to get his sawmill completed."And it is believed that it waa finished that year, and perhaps at the lime specified. Thia mill stood on Sucker brook, and about 50 rods north of the griatmill built by Mr. Crippen. A sawmill haa been kept on the same site to the present time — the one now (1870) there being owned by Mr. Barber.* The second sawmill in the town was built by Col. Cooley, about the year 1780; though from the fact that his brother Gideon, at a later period, owned a part of this mill, it would aeem probable that the two brothers built it together. This mill stood on Sucker Brook, and about 100 rods aouth of Mr. Crippen's gristmill. It con tinued to be used till about the year 1800, when it was abandoned. The third sawmill waa built by Elisha Adams in 1784, and it stood near the gristmUl built by Elisha Rich. This was also kept in operation many years. The fourth sawmill waa bnilt by Nehemiah Hopkins, aoon after he built bia griatmill, and it atood about where Hiram Leonard'a sawmill now atands. The fifth aawmill was built by Col. Benjamin and Capt. Caleb Cooley, about the year 1792; and it stood on East branch or Furnace brook, about 50 rods below Hopkins' mill, on tbe south side of the atream. Thia mill waa carried away by the freahet of 1811. Stephen Jenner alao built a aawmill about the year 1800, a few roda below the (^air-shop now owned by William C. Colling ; and not far from this time Elisha Woodruff buUt a aawmill where Samuel Nurse's mill now atands. SCHOOLS. There ia nothing upon the records to ahow when tho firat achool in the town was opened, nor by whom it was taught. By the charter one share of land wna reserved " for the benefit of schools in said town." Thia waa laid out as followa : 1784, Nov. 27, 7-4 acres; 1785, Oct 5, 100 • Tills mill has roconlly been purchased by Mr. Bar ber of Edward Cotting, and ia situated Just north of the Colburn bridge. acres; 1788, May 3, 110 acres; 1799, May 10, 210 acres; 1804, Dec. 5, 21 J acres. Total, 515 j- acres. Thia was considerably more than the charter required, aud shows a commendable liberality on the part of the proprietors. But no income could have been derived from these lota for some years after they were laid out, conaequeutly the early achoola must have been supported by the payment of tuition — by vol untary contributiona, or by a tax upon the pro prietors ; but aa we find no evidence of the latter, we conclude that they were auatained by one or both of the former measures. The first school-teacher in the town, of whom we have any knowledge, waa Caleb Hendee, Jr. He waa the eldest aon of Dea. Caleb Hen dee, and waa bom in Simabury, Ct., Oct. 21, 1768, and, at the age of 5 years, brought to Pittsford to reaide a short time with an uncle; and, in about a year from that time, (1774,) his father purchaaed land ani^ located in Pittsford. Toung Hendee had a vigoroua mind, and a great thirst for knowledge ; but his school ad vantages were very limited. In the month of December, 1784, he was sent to a boarding-school in Danby, where he remained 4 months, and studied arithmetic, geometry and surveying. This, he says, was the moat e.saential part of the achool instruction he received of his father. After his return from Danby, hia father purchaaed him a set of sur veying instruments, and he commenced the busineas of land surveying, which he occasion ally followed for nearly 40 years. In 1786 he taught his first school in Pittsford, and continu ed to teach in the winter season, for eight years, including three years that he taught school con tinually. March 14, 1791, the town chose Amasa Ladd, Thomas Hammond, Amos Kellogg, David Git- chell, John Barnes, John Hitchcock and James E wings, a committee to divide the town into school districts. Thia committee divided the town into aix districts, and made their report accordingly, which waa accepted by the town. In thia division, No. 1 extended from Col. Coo ley's dwelling-house so far north aa to include what is now the viUage. No. 2 included the territory from Col. Cooley's to the aouth line of the town. No. 3 included what is now the Mills, and considerable territory to the east ward. No. 4 included what ia uow Hitohcock- ville, and extended eastwardly to the town line. No 5 included the territory fiom the north line of No. 1 to the north line of the town. No. 6 included the S. E. part of the town. PITTSFORD. 949 This division did not include all the territory in the town, but that part of it, only, which had the most of the inhabitants ; and the boun daries of theae were very indefinite. Some of the early schools were kept in private houses ; though district No. 1 built a school-house soon after the division, and this stood about 30 rods south of the present residence of Dr. Caverly. No. 3 built a school-house about 20 rods north of the present residence of S. H. Kellogg, Eaq. No. 5 built a school-house a few rods south of the present residence of Mr. Junia Sargent. As the population of the towu haa increased the school-districts have been multiplied from time to time, till now there are 19 districts, and the most of these districts have convenient school-houses, and support schools from 3 to 9 months in a year. PHYSICIANS. The first man living in Pittsford who had the title of doctor, was Amos Fassett — though we are informed by one of his sons that he was not a phyaician ; but we are at a loss lo account for the title whieh is given him upon the records, unless he had made some pretensions to a knowledge of medicine. He was born in Hard- wiek, Mass., in June, 1752 — moved to Benning ton with his fether's famUy in 1761 — married Anna Lawrence of Norwich, Ct., in 1773 — came to Pittsford in 1775, and located in a log house which he had built about 30 rods west of the present village, and on what was then the old Grown Point road. He left Pittsford about the time of Bargoyne's invasion. It is evident that Abithae Millard (as he spelled his name) waa the flrst regulariy edu cated physician in Pittsford. He was of Welah descent, and some membera of the family resid ed for a time in Warwick, R. I. Doctor Millard was born June 22, 1744, at Rehoboth, Mass. He was educated for a physician ; but we are not able to learn where, or who were his early inatruetora. He married Tabitha Hopkina, who was born Oct. 16, 1745, daughter of Ebenezer Hopkins of Harwinton, Conn., afterwarda of Pittsford, Vt. Soon after their marriage they went lo reside in Ducthess county, New Tork, where their first child waa born May 6, 1763. Doct. MiUard located in Pittaford in the spring of 1788. His first purchase of real estate in this town was "one certain acre lot of land in the town plat, viz. lot No. 56 drawn in favor of Abraham Morton, original proprietor." The deed bears date April 11, 1788, and waa in consideration of 20s. He soon after purchas ed lot No. 9 of the town plat, or what is now tbe S. W. corner of the lot owned by C. A. Hitchcock, being neariy identical with the gar den weat of the preaent house. He cleared this lot, and built upon it a house which was probably the fourth dwelling-house then stand ing on " Blackberry Hill."* The houae was a small one, hastily conatructed, and waa occupied as aoon aa it was completed ; and their young est child, Solomon Eddy, waa born here, Feb. 17, 1789. Doct. Millard left Pittsford about the year 1804. DoOT. Alexander Ewinos located in thia town iu 1792. He was the son of Rev. Alex ander Ewings, a Scotchman by birth, and a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, and was early connected with the British army, holding the commission of adjutant. He came to America under the noted General Braddoek, and waa wilh him in the disastrous expedition against Fort du Quesne. Soon after this he obtained his discharge from the army, and set tled in Massachusetts aa a Baptist clergyman. One of his sons, Alexander, Jr., the subject of thia notice, was in early life the pupil of his father — afterwards studied medicine, married and settled in this town at the time above men tioned. He is remembered by a few of our older inhabitants as a skillful physician, and as an honorable and reapectable man. In 1805 he sold all his real estate in Pittsford, and not long after removed to Canada. Doct. William Frisbee, from Middletown, located here in 1802. He waa regarded as a man of sound judgment, and waa well read in his profession, and during hia reaidence here, he did an extensive business. He left town in 1821. Doct. Kenelm Winslow commenced prac tice in Pittaford in 1810. He waa born in Pomfret, Vt, Oct. 10, 1784 — married Beulah Dana May 1, 1809. His profeasional labora in thia town extended over a period of nearly half a century. He died Jan. 4, 1861. Doct. Pbebman H. Mott, from Brandon, located here in 1819. He was a aon of Dea. John Mott, who waa a soldier in the French war, and afterwards aettled in the south part of Brandon, and became identified with the moat important events in the early history of that town. Doctor Molt remained in Pittaford only one or two yeara. Doct. Aaron Baker commenced practice here in 1822, but died after a reaidence here of one or two years. * The site of the present village was once called Blackberry Hill. 950 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Doct. Pelbu Barlow loeated here, also, in 1822. He was the son of William Barlow of this town, who formerly resided in Greenwich, Maaa. Doct. Barlow studied medicine with Doct. Baker, and graduated at the Castleton Medical College in 1821, and the following year he commenced the practice of his profession in thia lown, and remained here till 1838, when he removed to Illinois, where he afterwarda died. DoOT. George B. Armington located in thia town in 1828. He was a son of William Arm ington of Chester, and was born Oct. 14, 1801 — studied medicine with doctor Abraham Low ell of Ilia native town, and graduated at the Castleton Medical College. He commenced practice in Wilmington ; but removed to thia town at the time above mentioned. He con tinued an active practitioner here up to within a few months of his death, which occurred May 4, 1863. DoOT. A. G. Dana commenced the practice of medicine in thia town about the time, or perhaps a little before Doctor Armington. He was born Sept. 17, 1791, in that part of Cam bridge whieh now constitutes the town of Newton, Mass. When 18 years of age, he commenced the study of medicine with hia brother-in law, Doct. H. Winalow, with whom he remained a short time. He continued 2 yeara with Doct. Selah Gridley of Caatleton, and fin iahed with Doct. Joel Green of Brandon. He remiiined in Pittaford till 1843, when he re moved to Brandon, where he died, Aug. 20, 1861. DooT. James ?>. Ewings was a son of James Ewings, Ir., and grandaon of James Ewings, Esq., one of the early settlers of the town. He was born in Heldeinand, New Castle District, Canada, April 13, 1.'>I2, and received hia lit erary, and the most of hia medical education in Canada ; but graduated at the Castleton Medical College in 1S35, and coinmeuced the jiriictice of his profession in Bridport, .-Vddiaon county; but soon after came to Pittaford, and formed a copartnership with hia brother-in-hiw, Doct. Peleg 0. Barlow. He remained in Pilts- ford till lan. wlien he removed to the State of AViseonsin, where he now reaidea. liDcr EuKNpjzKR H. Drury commenced the praciiee of medicine hero in 1843. He ia the son of Calvin Drury, and was born in Pittaford Aug. 1, l.S 13 — studied medicine wilh Doctor A. G. Dona, and graduated at the Caatleton Wodicnl Colleije in June, 1842. In the fall of this year ho located in Bethel, Vt., but remain ed there only tUl the following AprU, when he came to Pittsford. He coutinued in active practice here till 1863, when he aought to retire from profeasional buainess, but was induced to attend upon a few families that were not willing to give him up. Doct. Thomas J. Ketcham of Sndbnry lo cated here in 1856. He studied medicine with Doctor Horton of his native town, and after completing hia medical course he entered into copartnership with his teacher, with whom he remained aome montha. Soon after he came to Pittsford he retired from the practice of medi cine, and devoted his attention to farming; but in ] 867 abandoned farming, and resumed the practice of medicine. Desides tbe foregoing several other physicians have resided here for longer or sboiler periods, and among these may be mentioned Doctors Leonard, Sheldon, Crandall, Willard, Child, Warren and Gibbs. attoenets. The legal profession baa had but few repre sentativea in Pittaford. Gordon Newell, Esq., lo cated here in 1801, and for some years did quite a brisk bnsiness, and during some part of his Ufe be had associated with him his two sons, John G. and James R. ; but neither of them have done any professional business for some years. The father died July 3, 1865. aged 86 years and 8 months. The son James R. died August 20, 1864, aged 55 years : John G. now (1870) re sides in Boston. burying grounds. There are four Burying Grounds in town. The first waa laid out in 1785 ; thongh it is evident that the proprietors intended thia for burial purposes long before itwas regularly laid out, as it was used for such almost from the first instances of mortality in the township. It contains two acrea of ground, and is located on the west side of the road, in a souih-westerly direction from the Baptist meetinghouse The aecond Burying Ground was laid out in 1793. On the 4th of Mareh, thai year, the town " Voted to lay out a Buiying Place north- eaat of the Meeting Houae Plat, on the Town Plat. " Choae Benjamin Cooley. Thomas Hammond, Noah Hopkins, William Cox and Samuel Cop ley a committee to lay out a Burying Place." At the annual meeting in March, 1794. the town instructed the selectmen to fence the burying ground. Small appropriations have occasionally been made for repairing the fences, PITTSFORD. 951 but no great amount haa ever been expended in improvements upon the grounds. The first interment in this .yard was in 1793, very soon after it was laid out ; but it is not certainly known who the peraon waa. The first grave-stone put up here bears the following inscription : " IK MEMOET OP SALLY HAMMOND, Daughter of Capt Thomas Hammond and Mrs. Hannah his Wife, Who died Sept. 22, 1793, in the 9th year of her age." ^ , At the grave of the next person interred here ia a stone with this inscription : "IN MEMORY OP WILLIAM COX, Jr., SON OP MR. WILLIAM COX AND MRS. BEULAH COX, Who died Nov. 29, 1793, AGED 13 YBARS, 6 MONl'HS AND 26 DATS. Death must be paid when God doth call ; As I have paid it, so must all ; And when you this memorial see, Pi-epare lor Death, and follow me." March 20, 1857, an association composed of a large number of the citizens of the town was formed, aud took the name of the " Cemetery Association," and organized by the choice of David Hall, president; T. F. Bogue and C. T. Colburn, vice presideuts; S. Dunklee, treasur er; Jeremiah Powera, H. F. Lothrop, Charles Hitchcock, Cyrus Dike, Wm B. Sliaw, George B. Armington and S. H. Kellogg, trustees. This association, by its trustees, purchased the " Hill lot,''' consisting of 6 acres, a little distance east of the village, for a cemetery. lo the following fall the association applied to the General Assembly for au aet of incorpo ration, whieh Tvas granted Nov. 24th to the following named persons, viz : David Hall, George B. Armington, Jeremiah Powers, Cyrus Dike, Cliarles Hitchcock, Henry F. Lothrop, Wilham B. Shaw, Thomas F. Bogue, Samuel 11. Kellogg, Charles T. Colburn, Benjamin F. Winslow. WilUam P. Manley, Roswell Wood cock, Royal Hall and Thomas A. Hitchcock, their associates and successora. On the 15th of December the aasociation "Voted to accept fhe act of incorporation as the constitution, &e., of the association,'' and chose the following officers : David Hall, prea ident; William F. Manley, eeoretary; J. W. Duncklee, treasurer; H. F. Lothrop, Cyrus Dike, Charlea Hitchcock, Jeremiah Powers and Ba8.sett Loveland. trn~t?es. This association, acting in their incorporated capacity, has tastefully laid out and improved the grouuda oi the cemetery, ao that it is now one of the most beautiful spots for the purpose to which it haa been conaecraled. The first person buried in this cemetery was Richard M. Powers, who died Feb. 25, 18-18, and was firat interred on hia home lot, and re moved to the new cemetery July 4, 1857. Thf Catholics have a cemetery which was laid out in 1867, the site of which is beautiful, but the grounds have been but little improved. LIBRARIAN SOCIETY OP PITTSPORD. In promoting tbe intellectual, moral and re ligioua improvement of the people of the towu this as.sociation must be ranked in its influence second only to that of the pulpit or the school room. This society was formed as early Sa 179G, and its constitution commences as fol lowa: " We, the aubscribers, deairoua of collecting a Library for common uae among ourselvea, with a %'iew to our improvement in Knowledge, Virtue and Piety, consisting of Books of a Mor al, Historical, Philosophical and Theological kind, and othera calculated to promote useful Literature : For the better execution of our purpose and Government of ourselvea in such a Social Combination, do of our own free will mutually obligate ouraelves according to the fol lowing Articles.'' There were 20 articl'-'S in the constitution, all framed for the promotion of the objects of the society, aa set forth in the preamble ; and this was signed by ajiout 80 persons, the most of whom took one ahare each, (a share being $2,00) but several lock two shares each. The funds thus raised were expended in purchasing books, which, with a large number donated to the society, soon formed quite a library, which was opened alike to all the members of the society. Additions, by purchase and donations, were made from time to time, up to about the year 1838, when William Maclure, formerly a mer chant of Philadelphia, but then residing in the city of Mexico, made the society a donation of $400, which was augmented by aubscriptiona from the inhabitanta of Pittaford to $1000.00. This sum wae expended in purchasing new bocka, which, with the books already on hand, constituted a library of over 2000 volumes. After the very liberal donation of Mr. Maclure, the library, in honor of that gentleman, was named the "Maclure Library." It ia opened to all the citizens of the town by the payment of 50 cents, annually, by each person using it.* * See Auto-Biography of Thomas Palmer, in pages following. — Ed. 952 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. FRAGMENTARY ITEMS. June 20, 1784, a daughter was born to Eb enezer and Elizabeth Lyman, who has been long remembered for hor rapid growth and enor mous size, in proportion to her age. She died Jan. 23, 1794 In September previous to her death, being but little more than 9 years old, she weighed 114 pounds, and at the time'of her death probably weighed 200 pounds. She was a healthy child, with common intelligence, aud her strength was equal to her size. She caught a slight cold, and was somewhat unwell for about 2 weeks before she died, but ate a hearty breakfast on the morning preceding her death. The flrat white child born in Pittsford was a daughter of Felix Powell. The exact date of its birth is not now known ; but there can be but little doubt that it was in 1770 — very so'on after Mr. Powell located in Pittsford. The child lived but a few weeks. The first male child was Alfred, son of Isaac and Elizabeth Buck, March 28, 177 1. He grew to manhood, became a u.seful citizen, and died May 23, 1842, leav ing several children, one of whom, Addison, still resides in town. Who was the first peraon that died in this town ? is a question which we fear cannot now be answered. Quite likely the infant daughter of Felix Powell was the first instance of death ; but it would be interesting to know who was the flrst adult that died. Two persons are known to have died at a very early period — one of them was William Cox, Jr.,* and the other Isaac Rood; but we are not able lo state the exact time of their death. * William Cox had two sons named William : the first was born before the War. aud died yonng; the second William was born in 1780, and is the one men tioned as having l>eeD buried in tbe second burj-iug ground. THE GREAT EEBELLION. The foUowing is a list of men who enlisted under fhe caU for 75,000 men. Willard A. Child, Eugene A. Cooley, George H Lincoln, Edmund R. Stiles, Henry Trumbull, Amos F. Wallace, C.i. Ri'gt. Ace. EnlM. G lat 32 1861 " " 18 " " " 18 " " " 43 " " " 19 " " " 19 " Must'd. May 2 M'd ont. Aug. 16 Remarks. Aaaistant Surgeon. List of men who enlisted under subsequent calls. Thomas Alchin, H. H. Alexander, James W. Blair, Peter JI. Bowlin, Eli.sha 0. Blodgett, John Brisbuy. Willinm H. Breed, Willard (!. Brown, George Brown, Hi'nry A. Burr, William Cennell, Willard A Child, iMjiiham Clark, Sandy Cook, P.eiijnmin S. Cooley, Eugene A. Cooley, Petor Deforge, Ed, Dm , Jamea P. KInier, Jero'iiiali Fallow, David (Iruonough, Clia's lloiiioiiwiiy, Daniel I). I leiinos.sy, Willard S. Iluniphroy, (leoi^;e M Join SOU, William Jolinsou, JI ilton Kemp, Willis F. Koolor, Cui'tia Kiiiiboily, Francis Ijadnbijuel Miuliuol Ahiloney, Homy A .Milcliull Edwiiid Pelkov, Jureuiiah L'ulkey, Co. Regt. Age. G 5th 33 C 7th 21 B 2d 18 G 5th 18 n !> 23 » " 23 " " 20 E 2d»s 19 G Sth 18 II Istcav 22 B 7 th 21 G 4th 32 11 5th 18 C 4th 21 B Tth 33 Enlisted. Sept 4 Nov. G Sept. 11 Aug. 24 " 22 " 24 " Ol Oct. 22 Aug. 22 Oct. 1 7 Dec. 17 Aui::. 29 Sept. 19 " " LS " " 18 " " 21 H 5th 23 B 7 th 26 H Istcav 28 G 5th '.Vi " 7th 4,-. 2d 25 " 29 5th 18 2d ss 20 Aug. Dee,Nov. Deo. Aug.Doc. Sopl Aug. Nov.May If Aug. Oct. !S 14 25 3 u28 n 23 6 23 15 16 21 IG 2il buttery 21 B 7th" 18 G 5th 22 " " 41 " " 32 Dec. 16 " 11 Aug. 26 j> Sept. 2 Mustered io. Remarks. Sept. 20 1st Lieut, com'd Sept. 10; resigned Feb. 12. '62 Died Feb. .5, 1863. [Nov. 22, '61. June 20 Discharged. Sept. 16, '62 Died June 29, '62. [Fair Oaks. " " Discharged Nov. 4, '62 : wounded at " '61 [Feb'y 1, '64. " Promoted to corporal, then to serg'l, Feb. 12 Sept. 16 Scved full time, and re-enlisted. Nov. 19 Disc'd '62 ; re-enlis'd in Vt. reserved Feb. 12 Died Aug. 10, '62. [corps. Ass't surgeon, com. Auguat 16, '61. Sept. 16 Died April 24, '62. " 20 Discharged July 9. '62. Feb. 12 Re-enlisled February 28, '64. " Re-onlisted February 28, '64. )) Died of wounds, Dec. 14, '62. Traiisf 'd to invalid corps, wounded. Died in the service. Nov. 19 Discharged in the .spring of '62. Wept. 16 Transferred to invalid corps, corp'l, Feb. 12 Died August 2, '62. [Sept. 1, '63. June 20 Discharged, Oct. 14, '62. Sept. 16 Discharged, October 30. '62. Discharged, June 26, '62. Deaerted February 6, '63. Died February 11, '64. Sept. 16 Killed at the battle Pair Oaka. June Diacharged, Deo 14, '61. [29, '62. " Discharged, '63. PITTSFORD. 953 William Pelky, Edward Phateu, B Amoa Potter, " " Eollin 0. Phillips, R 2d WiUiam H. Rowe, G 5tb Jerome Smith, 2d Vt. battery William D Smith, E 2d ss Charlea H. Spencer, K lat cav 23 Daniel W. Taft, G " 18 Henry Trumbull, H 5th 19 Arnold P. Wallace, 2d Vt. bat. 19 William S. Walker, B Tth Co. Reg't. Age. A 3d 34 Tth 18 " 2119 38 18 18 Enlisted. Mustered in. Remarks. Sept. 2 Sept. 16, '61 Discharged, [ry, '64— exch'd, '65. Dec 3 Feb. 12 Taken prisoner in Florida, Februa- Nov. 25 " Re-enlisted. Seneca E. Wheeler, I V 20 Dan K. Hall, G 12lh 19 Rufus E. Jonea, 1) 22 Stephen 0. Allen, l» 29 Alexander Bean, II 24 George W. Barnard, n 33 Cornelius Bradley, JI 23 Thomas Clark, P 24 Henry S. DUce, » 22 Kobert Elliott, )i 26 George Granger, i> 33 Charles Hudson, i» 21 Caleb R. Hendee, i» 20 Johu Keough, j> 20 Milton V. Kemp, n 20 Alven S. Kemp, u 36 WiUiam H. Morseman, 1 22 George H. Morsemat 1, » 24 Felix Poro, 11 21 Jock Poro, » 24 Chig Poro, » 21 William H. Palmer, n 24 Amos J. Powers, II 20 Dennia Smith, )i 35 Ithiel B. Worden, II 23 Hannibal L. Gould, K 12th 22 Daniel L. Gould, 11 24 John Fredet, n 18 'Albert W. Fletcher, H^ *14:th 31 Albert Baaaett, V 31 Isaac GatSa, H II 23 Edward L. Farmer, » 21 George N. Badger, C lOth 23 Charlea Bowers, I Tth 18 Thomas 0. Brien, B 9th oav 26 James D. Butler, Jr., " 18 James Blair, C lOth 18 Loomis C. Fay, B Sth 18 Jesse Gerard, 11 38 Harvey Green, C 10th 42 Samuel H. Green, C 2d«« 36 E. V. N. Hitchcock, " Tth 20 Edwin S. Hudson, " 10th 20 Frank King, 6 Sth 23 Charles Leonard, C 10th 22 Willard H. MitchiU, I Tth 19 WUliam Peabody, 0 10th 21 William Pelky, G 5th 18 Charles Prevost, 19 Peter Prevost, C Tth 18 Francis A. Prevost, I Tth 23 Nathan N. Wescott, C 10th 36 Marcus Atwood, 11 20 William H. Brackett, II 22 Charles H. Burr, «( 19 Aug. 22 Oct. 14 Oct. 16 Sept. 17 Oct. 2 Aug. 24 Oct. 15 Dec. 9 Deo. 28 Aug. 18 Aug 25 " 20 " 18 " 19 » Aug. 18 " 20 " 18 " 22 " 18 " 20 " 19 " 18 M " 21 " 23 " 18 " 20 " 20 " 18 " 25 " 25 " 25 Sept. 10 Sept. 16 1862. July 28 Feb. 11 June 11 June 9 July 21 June 2 May 29 Dec. 2 Deo. 18 Aug. 2 Dec. T July 31 Feb. 8 July 21 Aug. 14 (( Deo. 16 Jan. 1 5 July 28 Aug. 4 " 2 " 4 Sept. 16 Diacharged January 6, '64. Dec. 1 6 Discharged August 24, '63. Feb. 12 Died October 1, '63. Nov. 19 Promoted sergeant. " ' Discharged about June. '62. Sept. 16 Discharged Nov. 15, '62, wounded. Deo. 16 Pro. cor., & Oct. 15, '63, pro. sergt. Discharged October 8, '62. Feb. 12 Died August 8, '62. Oct. 4, '64 Promoted second Lieutenant. " Sergeant. Mustered out, July 14. Aug. Aug. Aug. 25 20 18 1918 20 18 22 22 Oct. 21 Oct. 21 Sept. 1 July 9 July 9 Sept. 1 July 9 July 9 Dec. 26 (( Feb. 4 Sept. 1 Dee. 12 Sept. 1 Feb. 12 Sept. I Feb. 12 tl Sept. 11 1 Died May 26, 1863. Mustered out July 14, '63. " 30 Left — arma ahot off, in battle of Get- Muatered out July 30. [tysburgh. C aptured and taken to Richmond. Promoted corporal. Discharged January 16, 1863. Discharged AprU 2, '63. Deaerted October 2, '62. Discharged September 2, '63. " Aug. 23, '63. [Aug. 28, 62. Com'd 1st Lient; promoted captain Pro. hospital stew'd : died Aug. 22, [1863. Mustered out, Auguat 30, 1864. 2d Serg't; pro. 1st Serg't Oct. 6, '63. Re-enlisted — drummer. Killed in battle, November 27, '63. Promoted hoapital steward. Fifer. • Ihe 12th, 13th, 14th, 16th and 16th Regiments were 9 months men. boi VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Co. Rgt. Age. "William A. DhiM, C Sur'n 32 Thomas Cunningham, C surg'n 18 Enlisted. Mustered in. u c G 1st ss 10th 19 5th 18 18 Aug. Aug. 2 Sept. RemarkR. Elected and commissioned Auenst [6, 1862. Died November 18, 1862. llth9th llth 5 th llth 5th llth 3dss 10th llth17th 18 27 26 42 34 23 18 222122 44 21 July Dec. 1863. 21 18 Dec. July 21 Dec. T May 27 July 3 26 12 Dec. 12 Discharged January 15, 1864. Dec. July 5th 37 17lh 21 10th 19 17th 18 April 12 Mar 15 Mar 31 Feb. 13 Mar 15 8 Dee. 26 21 1864. April 12 Ool. 14 April 12 Deserted March 9, '64. 4th 5th 5th K lat cav B 7th F GG Re-enlisted Veterans, Deo. 16 '63 '64 Mar Fel 2528 John C. Hart, Byron D. Morgan, Charles Myatt, William Pelky, ElUot Bean, Augustus L. Breed, Charles P. Church, Nathan B. Dutton, Darwin .Johnson, Frank King, Juhua J. Prevoat, Edward Pelky, Joseph N. Perry, Hyihan C. Rickard, George H. Swift Edmund R. Stiles, Peter Trudeau, Martin Duffy, Daniel Haley, Morris Murphy Orville H Prouty, Samuel Senioal, John R. Wightman, Henry C. Wood, James R. Manafield, John Bushey, George Brown, Charlea K. Spencer, Eugene Cooley, Benjamin S. Cooley, Francis A. Prevoat, Joseph Soulie, Peter Prevost, Nelaon Vever. WiUard C. Brown, Willis F. Keeler, Henry A. Burr, Charles A. Nichola, James Hammersly, John Fredet, Peter Thomas, Isaac Root, Albert Fredet, Scott Maynard, Michael Higgins, James D. Butler, Jr. TOWN eephesentatives. Pittaford has been represented iu the Gen- ' 1814 aud '16 — Gordon Newell, 1818 and '19 eral Assembly of the State since 1778 by 33 , — .loiiatban Warner '23, '24 and '25— Lymau different peraons, na followa: Granger, '26 and '27 — German Hammond, '28 By Jonathan Faasott, in 1778, '83 and '84— | Josiah Barlow, '29 and 30— German P. Hen by Bbenozor Drury in '79, '80 '81 and '82— Elea- ' dee, '35 aud '52— Samuel H. Kellogg, '36, '37, zer Harwood, in 1785— by Gideon Cooley, in j '38, '39, '42, '43 and '44 — Henry Simonds, '40 1787— by Noah Hopkins, in 1788 and '89— by and '41 — Thomas F. Bogue, '45 — Jaffi'ey Benjamin Cooley, in 1790, '91, 92, '93, and '97 Barnes, '46 and '47— David Hall, '48 and '49— — byTiiomaa Hammond, iu 1794, '99, 1800, ' Simeon GUbert, '50 and '51— Charles Hitch- '01, '02, '05, '08, '10, '11 and '12— by Amoa cock, '53 and '64— H. W. Merrill, '55— Jona. Kellogg, in 1795, '96 and '98— by Caleb Hen i than Warner, '56 and '5T— Jaflfrey A. Randall, dee, Jr., in 1803, '04, '06, '07 '09, '13, '15, '17, j '58 and '59— Chester Granger, '60 and '61— '20, '21 and '22 —by William Harrington, in ' Henry F. Lothrop, '62 and '63— laaac C. Whea- C 7th I 7th E 2d reg. ss H Veteran reaerve corps B Tth 32 2021 Tth C 10thTth Feb. 28 June 6 Aug. 15 Feb., 1865. Firat enliatment. Second enlistment for one year. First enlistment. Hancock's Veterans. PITTSFORD. 955 ton, '64 and '65— Asa Nurse, '66 and '67— Daniel P. Peabody, '68 and '69 — Carlos A. Hitchcock, '70 and '71— A.AI. Caverly, '72 and '73. In 1785, 1831, '32, '33 and '34, no rep- reaentatives were chosen. REV. ELEAZER HARWOOD. Of the ancestry of Rev. Eleazer Harwood very httle is known. According to tradition he waa born in Hardwick, Mass., about the year 1737- His early advantages for mental improvement were exceedingly limited, but by diligence and perseverance he acquired a very good English education ; and possesaing a vig orous and well balanced mind, he soon became a man of influence, and was noted for sound judgment and ardent piety. While a young man he became a weaver by trade — a business which he was intending to follow for a liveli hood through life, — and married Elizabeth, a daughter of Samuel Montague, May 28, 1761 ; and either then, or very aoon after, located in Bennington, Vt. ; he and Mr.s. Harwood became membera ofthe Bennington church at the time of ita organization in 1762. June 9, 1768, Mr. Harwood and .Joaeph Safford were elected dea cons, and the first of which there is any record. As early aa 1776 he bought a lot of land in Pittsford, with the intention of removing here with his famUy ; but the disturbancea growing out of the war caused a poatponement of bis removal till 1780, when he took up his perma- Bent residence in Pittsford. For the first five yeara of his residence here his time was divided between his trade and the cultivation and im provement of hia land. He was one of the moat active and influential in organizing the Congre gational church of Pittaford, April 14, 1784, and wae chosen one of the firat two deacons. Being a ready and easy speaker, gifted in prayer, well read in the Scriptures, and a very devoted Christian, the church extended to bim a call to become their firat pastor. Here a new field was opened to his mind, and one he had never thought of entering ; but after careful consid eration and earneat prayer for divine guidance, he felt it hia duty to accept the caU, and waa accordingly ordained and inatalled about the 17-th of March, 1785. Asa pastor he was very successful, and bleaaed with extenaive revivala ; one, iu 1803, ia still remembered by a few of onr older inhabitants. He died May 19, 1807, "much beloved by all who knew him." REV. ELISHA RICH Was the son of Elisha, who waa bo^n in Oxford, Mass., — married Mary Davia, and located in Sutton, where he had the following children : Thomaa, Elisha, Nathaniel, Charles, Mary, Ja cob, Elizabeth, Caleb. Ebenezer, Hannah, Sa rah, Judith and Joseph. Eliaha, the second aon, was born April 7, 1740, and at the age of 14 years, apprenticed to a gunsmith, a trade which he learned aud practised some years. He was pioua from his youth, and at a very early age commenced preaching the Baptist doctrines. He married Phebe, "daughter of Nathaniel Bachelder and Experience his wife," of Brimtield, Mass., and loeated iu Eoyalston, of which town he was one of the early settlers, and the proprietors thereof gave him, in 1771, the title to " set tler's lot," containing 200 acres, " he having aettled two families thereon, and in all respects done and performed the duty of two settlers on said lot."* From Royalston he removed toFramingham, where he preached a short time, and from thence to Chelmsford, where he preached about two years, and was there ordained October 4, 1774. About the year 1777 he removed to Saltash (now Plymouth) Vt., where he remain ed about one year, and then moved to Claren don, where he resided 5 yeara. He located in Pittsford in the apring of 1783, and on the forma tion of the Baptiat church the foUowing year, waa employed as their preacher ; though he was not instaUed till March 17, '85. He continued his pastoral labors with the church till April 23, 1803, when tbe church "voted to dismisa Elder Elfsha Eich from the paatoral charge of thia^ church, by agreement with the Elder and the church." Soon after the termination of his paatorate here, he removed to Pennaylvania, and located near Sugar River, a branch of the Suaquebanab, where he and his wife soon af ter died. 6EN. CALEB HENDEE. Aa already stated General Hendee was bom in Connecticut, and came to Pittsford in the early settlement of the town. His early achool advantages were very limited; but he poasess- ed a strong mind, aud, by close application to study, soon become proficient in almost every branch pertaining to a thorough English eduoa tion. But his principal forte waa mathematics, to which he devoted a large share of his atten tion, and in this department of learning beoame quite celebrated as a teacher, and younr-''-^--' from different sectiona of the country ^"^ ^''^^ ly resorted to bim for instruction. -*y^ °' *"® used all their * RojalBton KecordE. '« its patronage, 956 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. His talents, promplneas and energy soou be gan to command the respect of hia fellow-cit izens. He was appointed land-aurveyor when 19 yeara of age, being aworn into that office May 30,.1788, and appointed counly surveyor for Rutland county in March, 1798, and survey or-general in October, 1817. He was chosen one of the listers of the town in 17!)0, when but 21 years of age, which oflice he held more than 30 yeara ; twice or three timea he aerved as assessor under Ihe General Government. In 1821 and '24 he waa choaen a delegate lo tbe county conventioua for those years, for equalizing tho appraiaala in the county. In March, 1793, he waa appointed firat constable and collector of taxes, and in Oclober, '97, by the Legislature a justice of tho peace — to which office he was re-elected from year lo year till 1826, when he resigned. He was appointed first side or assistant judge of the county court in October, 1806, and judge of probate in '09 and '10. He waa elected towu clerk and town treaaurer in March, 1800, and re-elected every year, with one exception, till '26, when he declined a re-election. He waa appointed ensign in the 3d company of the 3d regiment of the 2d brigade, and 2d division of the mili tia of the State, in 1794, and captain of the same company, Oct. 29, '95 ; major of the said regiment, Feb. 25, 1801 ; brigade major and inspector soou after; colonel, August 28, '07, and brigadier general, October 21, 1807, wbich , office he held till October, 1810, when he re signed, aud was honorably discharged. He was elected a representative from thia town to the General Aasembly of the State in 1803, and waa re elected in the years '04, 'C6, '07, '09 '13, '15, '17, '20, '21 and''22. In 1814 he commanded a company of volun teera on an expedition to Plattsburgh, and joined General McComb in the defence of that placo; but did not arrive there till the dav af ter the battle waa fought. He waa frequently appointed on committees by the Legialature, auperior and county court.", to lay out roads, &o. It will thua be seen that he was ono of the foremost men of the town, and his public aervicea, extending from 1788, up lo the time when tho infirmities of age and failing health compelled him to retire to pri- — "i ¦'-life, aro interwoven with a large propor- '01, '02, lie town's history. He died Deo, 4, Kellogg, in .«« yoara. dee, Jr., in 180., Thomas hammond '20, '21 and '22- .^^ jjass., Feb. 20, 1762, and at the age of four years waa carried to Leices ter, where he waa bound to a farmer by the name of Denny, in whoae aervice he remained 16 years. In 1778 he enlisted in the Contin ental army, and waa stationed aeveral months at West Point, where he served aa 5th oorpor- al — a position of which, aa he uaed to aay, he felt prouder than of any other he ever after wards held. He aerved but 9 montha in the army, and then returned to Leicester. In 1782 be came to Shaftsbury, Bennington county, Vt, where he married Hannah, daughter of Icha bod Cross, March 25, 1784. The following year his father-in-law gave bim 110 acres of land in Pittsford, upon which ho built a log-bouse, and commenced to reaide here the aame year. Hia indomitable energy, aound judgment and atrict integrity soon placed him in the front rank of his fellow- townamen, and he was entit led to and received their confidence and es teem. The long pending land-title controversy between the Torkers and Green Mountain Boys having been finally adjusted by an agreement on the part of the State to pay to New Tork the sum of S 30,000, in full satisiaction of their claim to the title of landa, or the right of juris diction in this State, Colonel Hammond was charged with the duty of transporting the hard money to Albany, on which occasion he was accompanied by the then treasurer of the State, HoiL Samuel Mattocks, on horseback, armed with a sword, and attended by hia aon, after wards Governor Mattocks, to guard the precious metals. Colonel Hammond held, at difi'erent timea, almoat every office in the gift of his feUow- townsmen. He represented the town in the General Aasembly of the State ten years; was repeatedly chosen by the freemen of the State as one of the executive Council, aud for seven years was one of the judges of the county court. In all the public stations which he was caUed to fill, he waa diatinguiahed for unwavering in tegrity and profound aagacity. He waa a man of piety, and did much to support the religious institutions of the town — was a warm friend of the Bible, miaaionary, tract and other kindred cnuaes, to five of which, including the Coloniz ation Society, he left legacies by his last will. He died April 4, 1847. CATHOLIC CHURCH IK PITTSFORD. FEOM THE BISHOP OF BURLINGTON. The Catholic congregation of Pittsford is made up chiefly of Irish farmers. They num ber about 100 familiea and are regularly at- PITTSFORD. 957 tended from Brandon. The Catholic church of Pittsford, which is a subalantial brick building, was erected through the care of Rev. Ch. Boylau of Rutland in the year 1859. The congregation haa alao a grave-yard which haa not yet been consecrated. The title of the church ia St. Alphonsm Maria, in mem ory of St. Alphonsus Liguori lately pro claimed Doctor of the Church. MIOAIAH FAIRFIELD was' born in 1786, and went to college from Pittsford. He was the valedictorian of his cldfes. He waa graduated at Andover Theological Seminary in 1811, in that little immortal claaa which orginated the miaaion ary enterprise. Judaon, Newell and Bice were among his claaamates, and Milla waa his room-mate. He waa of the same spirit wilh them, and waa only prevented by protracted diseaae of the eyea from entering on the same work. He apent several years in the service of the American Bible Society, and afterward was agent of the Baptist Missionary Society. For more than fifty yeara, he labored in the ministry, evading neither toil nor sacrifice. He became a reaident of Virginia, and a alaveholder by marriage, but as early as 1825, he repudiated the system of slavery, liberated his own slaves, and took such de cided anti- slavery action that he was driven from the State. He then v/ent to Ohio, and cast the. first anti-slavery vole in Miami County. He died 19th of February, 1858. He had two daughters and two sons, one of whom is Rev. Edmund B. Fairfield, D. D., LL.D, President of Hinsdale College, Michigan. p. H. W. ASHLET SAUPSON was bom in Cornwall in 1789 or '90. He was preceptor of an academy in Saratoga County, N. Y., and at the same time studied law with Samuel Young, Esq., of Ballaton, 1812-17. In 1817, he commenced practice in Pittsford, and in 1819, removed to Rochester, where he resided till hia death. He was first jndge of Munroe County Court, 1823-25 and 1838-43. In 1844, he was a member of the legislature of New York. He died 12th November, 1857. In person, he bore a marked resemblance to Jackaon and Calhoun, being tall, slender, and having his head surmounted with short iron-grey hair. He also resembled them in character, and waa of the same political faith. He waa a learned and acute lawyer, a mau of rare wit and of severe critical judgment. He was a bold and uncomprom ising friend of religion and good motals, and for many yeara an elder in the Presbyterian church. He was an ardent advocate of tem perance in the early movementa of 1827-29, and formed the first county temperance soci ety in Western NewYork. He was twice mar ried; first to a Miss Gregory; aud secondly, about a fortnight before his death, to a Mrs. Bryan. He had no children. P. H. w. AUIOBIOQRAPHIO PAPER OP THOMAS H. PALMER. A friend of yours called on me a few montha ago, while I lay on a bed of sickness from which there were but slight hopes of my ever riaing, with a requeat from you that I would furniah aome incidents of my life for your Magazine, which I promised lo send you in case of my recovery. This promise I now proceed lo perform, thoug'n I think it extreme ly doubtful whether the aimple eventa I bave to record will poaaeaa aufficient intereat to au thorize the publication of this ; however, you are the proper j udge ; and you are at perfect liberty, eilher to omit the whole article or lo prune or abridge it aa you may see fit. I waa born in Scotland iu 1782, in the towu of Kelao, in the claasic region of the Tweed and the Twist. Till the age of eighteen, I reaided within a stone's throw of tbe fine re mains of one of the largeat of the Scottish abbeys built by David 1. iu 1128, and in full view of the Eildon Hills, the caatle of Rox burgh, the palace of Fleurs, and mauy other residences, all of which from the Eil don Hilla downward, stand on the immediate banks of the Tweed. The Cheviot range, which divided England from, Scotland, waa also a conapicuoua object in the landacape. A taate for tho beautiea of Nature waa thua early formed, which had its influence in de termining my choice of Vermont over States more higfily favored by climate, eighteen of which I had previously visited. My father was a bookseller, and published a newspaper, of large circulation for those times. But, as he took a decided aland with the republicans iu the stirring daya of the French revolution, the gentry used all their powerful influence lo reduce ita patronage, 958 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and otherwise injure his busineaa. Aa it waa difficult, nol lo say impoaaible to overcome auch a combination without a sacrifice of principle, my father began arrangementa to abandon the strife, and reaort lo free Amer ica, but waa prevented by a sudden illness, which cut him otf at the ago of fifty-one, in the year 1709 ; leaving me to conduct the busineaa when only sixteen, with two older sisters and two younger brolhera dependent ou me for a livelihood. At fir--t it was aup poaed that sympathy for the bereaved young family would lead to a cessation of persecu tion, but, diaappointed in that, I deter mined lo carry out my father'a plan of emi gration, and the whole family removed to Philadelphia in 1801. Here my elder brother and I eatabliahed a book-printing office, which in a few years became quite extensive, being noted for the more difficult kinda of work, auch aa the mathematics, foreign lan guages, &c. which no oilier printers at that time were sufficiently acquainted with. This business .suited my taate and I ahould prob ably have continued it for life, but for one circumatance. At the cloae of the war of 1812, the mercantile body waa aeized with a apirit of speculation, in which the booksellers (our chief employers) were by no means be hind hand. The panic of 1817, followed, with heavy failures, causing the loss of our whole property and somewhat more. For tunately our credit stood well, and our friends urged commencing anew, offering us every nece.asary facility. Accordingly I com menced successfully, but I determined, as soon as I could realize a, competency, lo retire to a farm in the country, and aban don a busineaa in which safety depended, not on my own prudence, but on that of othera. Accordingly, in 1826, I sold out my eatabliabment, removed to Vermont, my brother having died in 1817 — resided for 2 years in Eutland, and in 1828, bought a farm in Pittaford, where I have ever since remained. Having been choaen one of the three town superintendents of schools, I was mortified to find how iuelHoient these inalitutiona were in laying a aound foundation for self- culture, the chief aim appearing lo be the mere enunciation of "dead vocables as Car- lyle stylea words, without ideas, mechanically taught, the whole little better than a mere gabble of sounds, both teacher and pareni* seemingly, being satisfied if the words were pronounced right, with a alight attention lo the stopa. Here is employment for me thought I, for many yeara to come! But how to set to work ? The firat step, evidently, was to bring the community to aee affaira in their true light. With this view, I propoaed the eatabliabment of town and county lyceums which ahould combine diacussions of scienti6o subjects with that of education. In the autumn of 1829, therefore, with the assistance of Mr. Joaeph Hitchcoijk, and of two or three other gentlemen, I canvassed the town, and procured upwards of 200 sub scribers of half a dollar each, lo procure sci entific apparalua, I lo pay for lights, and my two colleaguea in the superin tendency, Bev. W. (now Dr. ) Child » and Dr. A. G. Dana.f engaged lo assist in the lectures, which were delivered once a week. In the introductory lecture, to which the people of the county generally were invited, the advantages of a lyceum on education were strongly urged, and shortly after similar inalitutiona to ours were formed iu Rutland, Castlelon, antl other places. Soon after the opening of our lyceum, a meeting was held at Montpelier to inquire into the beat meana of eatabliahing such in- stitulioua throughout the State, at which committees were appointed for each county lo endeavour to carry thia matter into effect. The committee for Rutland Counly were Sol omon Foot.t then principal of Castleton Sem inary, now Senator of the United States, Amoa Blisall of Poultney, and myself; and a meeting was soon after held at Pittsford, where a counly lyceum was organized, of which Judge Williams of Rutland, was elect ed president, and myself the year following — public busiuess preventing the Jndge from at tending the meetings. The chief good effect ed by thia institution lay iu encouraging discuaaiona as to the slale of the schools, by which much attention was elicited in the community to this important object. In the aummer of I83S, while on a visit to Philadelphia, I viaited the Hall of the Socie ty for the cultivation of the Natural Scienoea, when I waa shown a number of valuable hooka and specimens, which I learned were ? Of Castleton then— f 01 Brandon. t j] Since deceased. PITTSFORD. 959 the gift of Wm. Maclure, fromerly a mer chant of Philadelphia, but now retired with an ample fortune, and living iu the city of Mexico. From what I then heard of him. I suppoaed that W. Maclure would probably be Well inclined to aaaist our efforts for the improvement of education in Vermont. I accordingly wrote him an account of our doings for the preceding 9 yeara, and after Baying that the youth, on leaving achool, were beginning to enquire after books, which their lesa educated parents saw no necessity of providing for them, I asked whether he felt willing to asaiat us in the formation of a town library which should be open alike to all classes and agea, and suggested the sum of $100, ou his part, on condition that we should add to it a like sum. In reply to this not very modeat request, I received word that he had sent orders to his Philadelphia ban ker to honor my draft for $ 400 on receiving proof, authenticated by the lown authoritiea, that alike aum had been raised for the library by the inhabitants. A subscription was ac cordingly raised by Mr. B. F. Winalow and myaelf, and upwarda of ^600, raiaed, amount ing with my draft for $400, to $1000, a hand aome aum, for the foundation of a library for au exclusively agricultural lown. The li brary haa since been largely increaaed by the annual payments, by frequent paymenta from individuala, and by valuable worka from Congresa, procured by the kind attention of W. Henry, of Bellowa Falla, and Senator Fo'ote, of Rutland. Thia library ia not owned in shares, but ia open to every inhab itant of the towu ou equal terms, whether subscribers or not, namely, on payment of fifty cents a year, or oue cent a week. The books may be changed aa often as the readera deaire, the library being open the whole of every working day. Aa aoon as the Philadelphia draft waa ,paid, and the aubscriptiona collected in town, a meeting of the subscribers was held, a con stitution adopted, securing the right of every inhabitant of the town to the use of the li brary, and the Rev. W. Child and myself appointed a committee lo proceed to Boston, purchase the hooka, and have a catalogue priuted, all of which was aucoessfuUy accom plished ; the auperiuteudence of the printing being kindly undertaken by the Rev. Mr. Jeaka of that city. Meanwhile a vote of thanka waa forwarded to Mr. Maclure, at Mexico, with a copy of the conatitution, to which he replied in anawer, that so well waa he pleased with the reault of his gift, that he authorized me to make a somewhat similar offer to a few of the adjoining towna, viz. that he would advance $200, one hundred in cash, and the other in such booka aa he ahould select in New York, specifying aa the books of his choice, the publications of the London " Society lor the Diffusion of uaeful Knowledge," republiahed iu New York, lo each town that ahould raiae $200 for a li brary on a similar plan to ours. I ahould in atantly have made public this very liberal offer but for the fact, that, on the receipt of his letter my whole mind was engaged with a scheme for a free Normal School, which I had long been convinced waa the great de sideratum in our system of education, and without which no improvement of much im portance would be effected. For how can there be better schools without better teach ers ? and how find belter teachera till they themaelvea were better taught ? Without de lay ; therefore, I forwarded to Mr. Maclure a full outline of my plan of the School for Teachera, combining moral with intellectual training, the development of the conscience wilh the culture of the judgment and of the reaaoning powera. As I had successfully designated a aum in the caae of the library affair, I concluded to do the aame in that of the achool ; and, $ 50,000 would be wanted in all. I aaked Maclure whether he would be disposed to advance $ 25,000 in case the remainder could be raiaed in the State. Bijt, alaa I for the uncertainty of even the beat and most promising of human expectations. Be fore there waa time for me to receive an anawer, I aaw an announcement of Mr. Mac- lure'a death in tbe pa.pers, while he waa pre paring to return to the United Statea. A few weeka afterward, I learned, through a gen tleman of Philadelphia, then juat returned from Mexico, that for weeka previous to Mr. Maclure'a death, he would talk about noth ing but a great Educational Scheme in New England, which he intended to visit aa soon aa he reached the United Statea. So near did we arrive at what doubtleaa would have pro duced a moat happy revolution in our schools. For, from Mr. M'a ability which was un doubted, and hia patriotic generosity, which was fully equal, it would aeem pretty cer tain I think, that hia share in the work 960 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. would have been performed. Nor can there remain a doubt reapecting the funda lo be provided by the people of Vermont. I have seen too much of thehr liberality towarda sound educational projects to doubt their coming readily up to the occasion, especially when such a golden nest egg was in view. In the autumn of 1814, Wm. Slade, one of the aons of Vermont who never lost an op portunity of forwarding the cause of freedom and of educaiion, waa choaen Governor of the State, and I, aoon after, entered into a correapondenoe with him reapecting the alate of the achoola. He invited me to Middlebury lo conault and to make known my viewa lo the heads of the college, the miniaters of the town, and auch other literary gentlemen aa he ahould invite. Here it was deiermined that a great effort should be made lo have the echool-law remodeled, and I offered my services to canvaaa the State, make known the deficiences of the schools and place me morials to the legislature in the hands of ef ficient men in every county. A public meet ing was accordingly called at Middlebury, to pave the way for thia extenaive operation, at which a committee waa appointed lo correa- pond with influential men iu every town, I waa to viait, who were requeated to call meetinga at the time I should specify, and take meaaurea to have them well attended. Thia tour occupied me from June to September. Everywhere I met with a warm reception; and had no difficulty in procuring volunteera to act for me in thoae towns I could not my self viait. The result of thia canvaaa waa auspicious. On the meeting of the legisla ture, the tablea of both houaes were literally loaded with memoriala for a more efficient school-law, and a statute was paased in 1845, that provided both auitable examination for the teachers and superintendence for the Bcboola. Thia law haa aince been altered. It now resembles that of M.aaaaohuaetta. A Board of Educatiou is eatabliahed, with a secretary who devotea his whole lime to the care and superintendence ofthe achoola, holding insti- tutea, &c. In 1815, I was invited to Baltimore, where a new university was about to be organized, with a Normal School attached, which il waa proposed that I should superintend. Ths object was to supercede the old university which was in tbe hands of the Catholics, which enjoyed a sufficient endowment under the control of the legislature, but was aaid to have become wholly inefficient aud behind the times. The regenta of the new university were chiefly if not wholly composed of the Proteatint miniaters of the city. After ex plaining my viewa to the board, I was placed at the head of the Normal School, but the whole plan failed, owing to the refusal of the legialature to change the deatination of the funds. In the year 1852, my mmd waa much en gaged on the subject of peaee, and I deter mined to make an effort to procure a unani- moua expression bf the voters of the town of Pittaford in ita favor, by a memorial to the President, requesting him " to propoae to all nations with whom we have intercourse, a proviaion in our treatiea with them for refer ring to the deciaion of umpirea all miaunder- atandinga that cannot be aatiafactorily adjust ed by amicable negotiation." Thia effort waa eminently aucceasful, not only in receiv ing the signatures of all I saw, but frequent ly iu producing a change of sentiment in the minds of the signers, many of whom expressed surprise that so aimple an expedient for the preservation of peace had never before oc curred lo them. " Why, this is what has to be done at laat," was the general remark, " War does not, cannot settle any thing, ex cept that one nation is stronger than the other." Much encouraged by. such senti ments, I deiermined to extend the circulation of the memorial to the whole congressional district, and two of my frienda proffering their aid, a very large number of signers was procured, and the roll forwarded to President Fillmore, who replied, in a very polite, though rather indefinite letter. Shortly after this, on consultation with the Rev. Mr. Merrill, * one of the moat ardent advocatea of peace, and other gentlemen, a general meeting of the friends of peace was held at Pittsford, at which the practicability of procuring a ¦' Slate Memorial" was fully diacuased, and it waa determined to invoke the aid of the ministry in bringing about this desirable end. I offered to make a tour through the State, to place a sufficient num ber of memorials iu the hands of the clergy of all denominations, and to requeat their signatures to a pledge, that they would, " by • Key. Thomas A. Merill, Middlebury PITTSFORD. 961 Bermons, by prayers, and by all reasonable efforts, contribute their influence to give ef fect to the great enterprise,'' alluding lo a aimultaneoua effort in several European coun tries. This movement waa as successful aa the other. Every miniater that I saw, to the . number of 91, attached his name to the pledge, and promised to. place the memorials to the President in the hands of efficient men. These memorials, wheu completed, were for warded lo me through the post-office, and after uniting them into one great roll, sent lo President Pierce through the mail. He was not so polite as president Fillmore, however. He took no notice whatever of the tranaac- tioa. I havo now related tne principal public eventa of my career. Mauy othera might be meationed, eapecially those connected with the cause of educational reform. But I for bear ; and close with a list of my public liter ary efiorts : 1. T'ne Historical Register, 4 vola. 8 vo. This waa a aemi-anuual History of the United States, published at Washington during the war of 1812, embracing a full history of that transaction, and of the proceedinga of Con gress during the period, with all the docu- meata, both Britiah and American. 2. A Chart of the Constitat'ion of the United Slates, and of thoae of the several slater, ex hibiting a comparative view of these inatru- ments in a amall compasa, hung on rollers, and varnished. 1817. 3. The Teacher's Mmual; being on expo sition of a Complete Syatem of Education physical, intellectual, and moral, suited for the Yoath of a Free Nation, 12 mo. Publiahed at Boston, 1840, by the American Inatitute of Instruction, at coat price, their prize of $ 500 having been awarded to it. 4. The Moral Instructor; or culture of the Heart, Affections, and Intellect, while learn ing to read. In four parts, 18 mo. and 12 mo. Theae books differ in esaential particu lars, from all other School-hooka.- — 1. The pupil is not merely required to repeat the tuhstariee of what he reada, but his conscience and hia reasoning powers are developed and exercised in every lesson, by the use of these and similar questions ; Did John do right or wrong? Why? What ought he to have done then? 2. False or unsound mo tives of action are n^ver presented lo the child, by holding out sensual gratiflcationa as the reward of good actions, nor depriva tions, pains, nor accidents dragged in aa the chaatisements of bad conduct ; but he ia uni formly referred to the inward delighla of vir tue. — Publiahed by Ticknor and Fielda, Boa- ton, 0. Arithmetic, Oral and IFriMen, practically applied by means of suggestive queations. The object of thia work is to introduce shorter and more rapid proceaaea, diminishing the number of figures by .more than a half ; and to develope and invigorate the reaaoning pow ers of the pupil, leading him, in all cases, by meana of suggestive queationa, to form all hia rules for himaelf. Boaton, Crocker and Brew ater, 1854. Dictionary of Proper Names; compriaing Univeraal Biography ; Ancient, Biblical, Medieval, and Modern Geography ; — Mythol ogy of Greece and Rome ; of Scandinavia and Germany; of Gaul and ancient Britain; of Central aud Southern Asia ; of the two Americas; of the lal^s of the Pacific, &e.; em bracing every important word not to be found in the Engliah Dictionary, nearly finiahed.* THOMAS PALMEE waa married to Joanna Fenton, then of Rutland, in 1822. They had 5 aona aud 3 daughtera, all of whom were living at the death of the parents. In Pittaford Mr. Palmer peacefully cloaed hia days al the age of 78 yeara, July 20, 1861. Mra. Palmer died in Boston, March 14, 1872 or 3. The funeral was from the Pittaford residence. She waa buried be side her huaband. We (Ed.) Visited Mr. and Mrs. Palmer once at Pittaford and Mrs. Palmer once again after tke death of her husband. Mr. Palmer waa pleased with the Gazetteer and ita plan, and Mra. Palmer until her death continued her kindness for and aubacription lo it ; ahe was an aSable, pleaaing and intelligent woman — a woman it seemed lo ua, juat suited to her worthy huaband. In stature, Mr. Palmer waa a little lesa than medium, of even feat- urea, sprightly in motion, quick and clear in perception, earnest, courteous and dignified iu mannera, thorough in his work and of per- * Tne Mas. nearly ready for press, a failure in his eyes from which he never recovered, compelled him to relinquish it. lie regarded it as bis great work. It was hid favorite one. Ed. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. severing energy and industry in accomplish ing it. [From notice of Mr. Palmer in Ver mont read by Mr. Wm. Cotting.] " In habits, frugal, simple, neat, orderly ; conserv ative rather than otherwise, viewing innova tions with cautiousness from fear that he might impair that which time and experience had rendered useful — yet no such attach ment to popular customs and dogmas as to cause him to shut his eyes to principle or ideas in advance of what had already become popular." Firm in his own convictions, lib eral, tolerant, ready to listen to views and opinions in conflict with his own. Retiring rather than forward, yet could enter into the hilarity of the juvenile circle and conduct to profit the sports and recreations of the social gatherings of his neighborhood. His meth od of improving the whole of society was to begin at the foundation, remove the obstacles, correct the errors and improve the condition of the lower stratum, and so cause the whole to amend. It scarce need be told he was in tensely anti-slavery. Several ineffectual ef forts were made by a few individuals who thought they saw in him the requisite quali fications to elect him a member of the State legislature. Had there been less desire in seeking for offices for men, and more regard paid to selecting men for office, he might have honored the bench or graced the legis lative halls of his adopted State." Some few years before his death, he built upon an erainence on his farm that over looked almost the entire town, a, two-story brick house, fashioned after the solid English style, which is covered with a durable ce ment giving it the appearance of marble — a monument of his taste combining elegance with plainness and utility." We supposed it to be marble, so much it had the appearance at the time of our first visit, and admired it very much, surrounded as it was by the dis tant grandeur of mountains and intermediate beauty of a wide and pleasantlv diversified landscape. — Ed. CEMETERY DEDICATION HYMN. DY REV. OIIAnLEB LEON WALKER. O Thou to whoso eternal yciirs No Krlof, 01- loflH, or change is known, Wo hiillow hoi'o our place of tears For death thut dwells with us alone. Hero hearts fhat bleed will sadly turn,— Ilero I'itv flu the drooping oye, And stricken Hope with love will yeara O'er us who fade away and die. Tet we who weep, and tbey who rest, Alike are known and near to Thee ; And they are dearer to Thy breast Than to our hearts they e'er can be. Bless then this spot, where years shall bring Thy loved ones, Lord, to their repose; Spread o'er them here Thy sheltering wing, And in Thy peace their dust enclose. So shall this place of tears be made The Hill of Hope, the Field of Peace : Here calnily then can we be laid To wait the hour when Time shall cease. And when theee bending skies have flown, And all who sleep shall rise again, B© thia the garner of Thine own, The harvest of the Precious Grain. CHRISTINA. BT EEV. GEORGE L. WALKER. I hardly dared to push the door, I shrank to cross the threshold o'er, For her, I should find here no more. Stilly my heart I thy beating low. Breaks on the sacred backward flow Of silent thou-ht to her we know. Oh ! very lonely is the place. And yet, a nameless, airy grace, Caught from her gentle, loving face. Faint like the dim perfume Breiithed from dying violet's bloom, Lingers within tbe hallowed room. Just here she sat, her hand in mine, The while I traced each jetty line That fringed her downcast eyes divine; And felt each lightest quiver thrill My very soul, which trembles still To memory's throb, despite my will : And watched the thoughtful shadows play About her mouth ; faint, pure it lay, Ci\3t by her spirit's inner ray ; And reveled in ringlet fair Eddying curls of tameless hair. Flowing down her shouldera bare ; And lingered on her throbbing tone. Its every cadence hors alone, And shrank, so harshly jarred my own ; And felt— but this is weak, I fear ; One momeut more I'll linger here ; Uuah ! evening shadows gather near. VERMONT.* BY MRB. OLIVE E. PAINE THOMAS. Home of the green, enduring pine I Land of the wintry wind and storm 1 A race of noble men is thine, With purpose firm and spirit warm. * Written by request; for the Gazetteer. PITTSFORD. 963 Apart from fashion's god, who dwells In crowded cities by the sea, They ring from hill and vale, the bells Of Love, Religion, Liberty. Mid all the fertile States that lie From southern gulf to northern bound, None pile their harvest gifts so high, Or with such cheer home-fires surround. No prouder luster e'er hath stood Upon the wrecks of parted yeais, Than that whose laurels twined in blood Give glory to our mountaineerB. When over yon old fort was heard Brave Ethan Allen's loud huzzah,' When Marye's Heights and Gettysburg Rolled back the fearful tide of war. ' We boast no flelds of classic tame, But look each day within some eye That for New England's spotless fame Quailed not when death waa marching by. Just dyed in blood, we press some handa Tender and true, nor blush to own Their aid to save the' noblest laud On which the sunlight ever shone. They lift the marble from ita bed For halls of art in other climes, They mould the hillside ore to breast The ocean storm and wave sublime. They build fair altars unto God, And Learning's light in beauty glows, While Labor bida the forest clod To bud and blossom as the rose. Tbe South ia rich with cotton plains. And gay with orange grovea and bowers, But Slavery left there withering stai'ns That ne'er have touched these homes of ours. Champlain's blue wave, that upward bore Of old the red man's frail canoe Kow smiles in light from shore to shore, Aa sweepajhe mighty steamboat through. And Mansfield's grand, eternal head Unto the aky an echo rolls. When yonder car with kingly tread The might of time and space controls. We claim a Collamer, a Foote, A Douglas, mid the strong of mind, A Saxe to bind the glowing verso In wreaths of poeay refined. A Powers, whoae earnest hand hath given The marble living linea of grace; A Hope, who hath for canvas riven The glory from Creation's lace. A Perkins, who unceasing weaves The quivering chorda of deathless sonjr, And in each heart and valley leaves Harmonious chords that linger long. The green hilla keep a sacred shrine Where Christian laborers go forth, To sound the call of Love Divine To all the nations of the earth. Tho native home of active mind. Of honest brow, of willing hand. Firm as thy cliff's, green as thy pine Thy fame in future daya muat atand. Tho' favor dwells on every sea, And clasps the earth from zone to zone, Thia goodly land our pride shall be— Termont, our beautiful, our own I LITTLE KATIE. BY OUVE K. PAINE THOMAS. Whert) the grass in waving beauty, Sighs above a moesy mound. Where the Summer rosea blossom' In the quiet burial ground. Sleeps our little darling Katie, Neath the Summer flowera to-day. Dim the light within our homestead, Since the hour she went away. Tripping feet, and childish laughtor Come not through the open door, And we know that face of beauty Sunshine brings to us no more. Closed the blue eyes in death's slumber, Listening to the angel's hymn, Little Katie left us weeping. And our home-light very dim. Brief the years of mirth and gladness. Sprinkling sunlight in her hair, And we dreamed not of auch aadness Mourning for our young and fair. WHEN I WOULD DIB BT OLIVE £. PAINE THOMAS. Oh, not when the harp of the budding Spring Is flushed with a weight of song. When the flashing rills of the mountain aing Where the blue-eyed violets throng 1 Oh, not when the world in its waking dream Is sweet as a banquet's breath. Would I bathe my soul in the silent stream That flows through the aisles of death ! Oh, not when the grace of the Summer sleeps ' In the wealth of the emerald plain. When the roses shine, and tbe awallow keeps Her nest in the moldering fane I Not then would I watch for the solemn glow That over the pathway lies, Where the myriad souls of the weary, go To the shrine of the upper skies ? Oh, not when the caves of the forest roar With the burst of a stormy pride. When a whitened hand glides coldly o'or The seals of the crystal tide I How lonely the depths of the grave must be In the gloom of a wintry sky 1 Kind angel, bring not the pall for me When the drifts in the church-yard lie I 964 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. But oh, when the hannts of tlie amber wooda Are thrilled with the huntsman's horn, When the yellow light of the fielda, aud floods Lies over the tas&ollod corn. When the vesper song haa a grateful chime And the rilla have a [jensive breath. In the holy calm of the harvest time I would look oo the Reaper, Death 1 And then should the waiting wane be rife With the sheaves I'd gladly fold. And the homeward way to the Lord of Life Be the moonlight's track of gold 1 To a glorious land where the garner wide Hath a boundless atore of good, Where the bloom of the soul shall immortal bide And never decay intrude. GOLDEN SAND3.— ^n extract. BT LIZZIE PARMALEE, * They are the momenta when the son] Fired with a love beyond control, For the Infinite, / Risea o'er all the world's hard strife. And sees before him endless life With tbat bleat Spirit, Who ia God of all, Being Sublime, Our high Creator, Maker of Time, Ruler above. Blessing us throngh endless ages. Scattering thickly o'er life'a pages Hia bright love. Moments when o'er tbe soul Blessed emotions roll, And we adore Nature, the work of God, Even the chast'ning rod. And Qod evermore. POULTNEY. ST EUAS ASBLET.f The first settlement of Poultney was com menced April 15, 1771, by Ebenezer Allen and Thomas Ashley. They were men of bold, fearless spirits, athletic and firm con stitutions. They commenced near where tbe Turnpike bridge now is in West Poultney. Allen a little West and Ashley a little East (the river running some twenty rods North of where it now does). They ciectod a shan ty for Allen (who brought his family with him.) Ashley remained one month, erected a shanty for his family, which was done by setting four crotches in the ground, placing poles on the top, covering roof and body • Now Mrs. New, of Now York-a ntttlTO of Plttefcrd. t Publiahetl in tho Rutland Herald over thirty yoars ago. — Ed. with bark. He cleared some land and raised corn snflScient to bread his family (consisting of seven), fat his pork and buy an under jacket; this the writer of thia sketch has often heard him relate. He then returned and brought on his family. Allen had a son born the same year, the first white child born in Poultney. Allen remained a few years, sold out and removed to Grand Isle. Ashley remained in town and on the same farm until his death, which occurred iu 1810. He was a man of strong mind, retentive memory and strict integrity, had but a very ordinary common school education, yet he was much improved as a public man. For many years held the office of Justice of the Peace and also represented the town in the General Assembly for a long time and was entrusted with much other pnblic business. He assisted in the formation of " Poultney Library," was among its warmest friends and advocates, became a great reader and after enjoying its advantages for a few years, was often heard to say that he knew the eituatioa of the old world as well as he did his own farm. Probably he exerted as great an in fluence as any man in town while he lived. He was the next man to Allen that entered in taking tbe Fort at old " Ti," stood at the head of the stairs as sentinel, while Allen entered the room of the commander. His farm lay upon both sides of the highway run ning through the village of West Poultney, bis dwelling was a large gambrel-roofed house standing where the Hon. R. C. Mallary built bis, now occupied by Dr. McLeod. Mr. Mallary bought the lot consisting of abont one acre for $600. Sold the buildings for ^12, said be was determined to have it, cost what it would, for there he received 25 cents for helping make brooms one evening, the first money he ever earned. Ashley died there in » good old age leaving a handsome property for his children. One short anec dote will give the reader some idea of the ' character of the man, while in the Legisla ture. There was quite an exciting question up, upon wbich the yeas and nays were de manded, as the clerk commenced calling the names, the member from Bennington took his hat and was about leaving. Ashley rose and said Mr, Speaker, I move that no mem ber be permitted to .leave the room until this question is decided — this occasioned quite a shout and the gentleman took his seat. POULTNEY. There were several families followed the same season. Elijah and John Owen, Isaac Ashley, and Nehemiah Howe, and soon the following persons and somewhat in the following order ; Ichabod and Joseph Mar shall, Silas Howe, Heber Allen, brother to Ethan, John Grant, Thomas Goodwin, Rob ert Green, Zebediah Dewey, Gotten Fletcher, John Elkana, Elisha, Enoch and William Ashley all brothers of Thomas and Isaac Ashley, Joha Tilden, Zebediah, Dan and John Richards, Wm. Ward, Timothy, Eben ezer, James aud Lemuel Hyde, Samuel Church, Joel Grannis, Isaac Craw, Ngijhaniel and James Smith, Mordecai and GilbertSo^ per, James and Nathaniel Brookins, Josiah Lewis and periaps a few others were here in June 1777, when the inhabitauts were all driven from their homes by Burgoyne's army and the Indians. Up to this time the town was settled slowly, owing in a great measure to the troubles witb New York about the title of the land, so that none located them selves here but the most bold and fearless spirits to be found and they were all without eiception extremely poor. At the time above mentioned, {June 1777) the men were all under arms to give battle to the invaders' of our country, and at the time of the battle at Gastleton, an express was sent on that the inhabitants must leave or be killed, the wom en without a, moment's delay gathered up their children and commenced their line of march through an almost unbroken wilder ness to the south, and were able to keep in advance of the pursuing enemy, expecting however every hour to be overtaken and indiscriminately massacred, mothers carrying very young children, and leading others that were scarce able to walk alone, without scarcely stopping for rest or refreshments were enabled to get out of the reach of the army, some to Mass., and some to Conn., their native places. The battle at Benning ton soon after checked the march of Bur goyne's army, and the battle at Stillwater . when he and his army were made prisoners, relieved the inhabitants of this section of country and they soon began to return, thongh many did not return until the winter and spring following. These were times that tried the courage of women as well as men. For two or three years after this the inhabi tants would often secrete some of their choic est articles before retiring to bed, fearing tbey might be obliged to flee before the merciless savage before morning, or be murdered dur ing the defenceless hours of sleep, this the writer of this sketch well remembers. After this the town was settled much more rapidly and the inhabitants made early efi'orts to .pro cure orchards. Isaac Ashley brought seeds with him, planted a nursery aud the trees were transplanted more than seventy years ago and are now the orchard on what is called the Bann farm. Nehemiah Howe built the first grist-mill in town on the falls in Bast Poultney and died April 1777. Isaac Ashley* died the same month. Ichabod Marshall was a good, peaceable citizen. After a few years he said he thought he must sell out and go into some new country. When he flrst came into the town, the inhabitants were as a band of brothers, but now were much changed. He was killed on his return from Troy, fell from his wagon and the wheels passed over him. Funeral sermon by Mr. Hibbard, Text — " Set thine house in order for thou shalt die and not live." Silas Howe was the first Deacon of tbe Congregational church, which office he held till his de'ath in 1810. Heber Allen brother to Ethan died ot con sumption in 1782. Thomas Goodwin lost bis life by being thrown from his cart. While riding, his oxen took fright. Joel Grannis be came lost in the woods, froze to death, and was the first man buried in the centre grave yard. Zebediah Dewey was the first captain of the Militia in town which office he held for a long time. John Richards has often said be was corporal under him thirteen years. During the revolntion there were but two Tories in town, Gilbert Soper was one of them, and during the absence of the inhabi tants from their homes, at the time they were driven off, he remained and made a pretty free use of such things as were left, for which and his hostility to American Independence the Whigs determined to chastise him. Lien- tenenant James Smith having a scouting party under him, while passing through the town, came across Soper, while stopping for refreshments. Smith being in the house some of the men saying "now is our time," swore they would hang him, accordingly seized him, put a rope around his neck, tied * Father of the writer. 96S VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. it to the well sweep and began to draw him up. Smith being informed what was going on, sprang out and ordered him let down just in time to save his life. They both re mained in town many years, Soper a thiev ish troublesome fellow. Smith an unfortu nate and very poor man, often said he be lieved tbe curse of God had followed him for saving Soper's life. William Ward located in the eastern part of the town, was a good and useful man, was Justice of the Peace more than forty years. Judge of Probate about twenty, delegate to form the Constitution of Vermont, more than twenty years member of the General Assem bly, Judge of the County Court &c. He was the first Deacon of the Baptist church wbich office be held until his death in 1819. He came to his death like a shock of corn fully ripe, fit to be gathered in its season. John Tilden a somewhat eccentric and cunning sort of a man, made application to the town at the March meeting for an abatement of his taxes on account of poverty — Judge Ward was immediately up to oppose him, said Til den was as able to pay taxes as he was. Til den turned to him and said " Judge Ward you don't know anything about poverty, you never was poor," his answer " ves I was," Tilden says, " was you ever so poor that you have lived months together without pork in your house aud at times without bread, and for years, hard work to get provisions enough to keep your family from starving, have you ever been so poor that you was obliged to send your children to bed crying for supper, and you had none to give them?" Ward answered again, " yes I have been." Well says Tilden, " I must confess I never was so poor as that," sat down satisfied, and pur sued his petition no further. Very few of the inhabitants could in truth have answered the same questions in a difi'erent way. Sam uel Church and family lived one season al most entirely on ground-nuts. The writer of this lived two seasons when a boy almost as bad off, the first ; no cow aud provisions very short, the second year one cow, a single grist of grain purchased in Danby early in the spring anti brought through the woods upon a horse, was all the breadstuft' we had until harvest, no meat and eight in tbe fam ily. Our breakfasts, milk with a little bread — dinners, boiled herbs — suppers, a large bowl (about three quarts) of milk sweetened with maple sugar, carried around by the mistress of the bouse, each one taking a sip. The early settlers had not only to contend with poverty, and the common enemy dur ing the revolution, but with the Yorkers, wh'o would often send out tbeir sherifis with their posse to drive them off their farms, and take possession themselves, but they were as often sternly met by the Green Mountain Boys, and their leaders not unfrequently made to feel a smart application of tbe " Beach Seal." Tbe early settlers were truly democratic in their feelings, and acted upon a liberal policy in the establishment of schools in dif ferent parts of the town, and other institu tions calculated to improve and elevate tha man. They were also a church-people, strict ly regarding the Sabbath as a. day of rest, set apart for the worship of Almig'ity God. Their meetings in the winter were held in private bouses, in the summer in barns. About tbe year 1780 the Rev. Ithamer Hib bard,* a Congregational minister, came among us to look after tbe spiritual welfare of the pe;B- ple. He was a bold, athletic man, full of the spirit of '76, quite limited in his education, had served as chaplain in the army, and was settled as the minister of the town. The inhabitants were mostly if not entirely Baptist and Con gregationalists, but were all united in settling ilr. Hibbard as their pustor. Under his care the religious afl'airs went on harmoniously until 1786, when a part of the Congregation al church withdrew, formed themselves into a separate Church, and built a small house ; but soon broke down and disbanded ; most returned to the former church, aud again tbeir reUgious interests prospered under Mr.. Hibbard's administration, until about the year 1796, when some began to think he was not sufficiently refined lor Poultney ; aud finally succeeded in getting a vote to dismiss bim. This almost broke the poor old man's heart — having labored with his people so long, and with very litcle support — ^for ha could almost say, with Paul : " These hands have ministered to my necessities. I hav^ not been chargeable to any of you." — Poor and disconsolate, be preached a few years to destitute churches in the vicinity, and was gathered to his fathers. "Peace io his ashes." In 1783, tbey erected a bouse of worship, * Born in Canaan, Ct. — Henry Claris. POULTNEY. 967 on the north side of the road near the bury ing ground, 45 feet in width, and 55 in length, covered it, laid the lower floor, and built » desk. So far it was done by sub scription, and in this situation it was occu pied for several years. The town finally raised a tax and finished the house. After the dismission of Mr. Hibbard, they had no settled minister for several years. In 1801, Mr. Clark Kendriek, a candidate for the ministry, of the Baptist persuasion, was in vited to preach to them a year, which he did. The Baptist church then gave him a call to become their pastor, which be accept ed, aad was ordained in May, 1802. This movement caused the Congregational Church to withdraw from tbe Union. They obtained Mr. Samuel Leonard for their minister ; and in 1803, built the meeting-house which they now occupy. And the old meeting-house, generally styled " Hibbard's Sanctuary," was demolished in 1812. For many years after the settlement of the town, such a thing as a wagon was not known. The first one tbe writer remembers seeing came from the west part of the town, with a load of worshippers, drawn by two horses ; and, as tbey started for home, at the close of the serviee, the wagon made consid erable noise. One man very gravely re marked that he wished it was thirty shillings fine for any man to drive a wagon througli the street on the Sabbath. .The first inhabitants were generally from Massachusetts and Connecticut, and professed views and feelings pecuUar to their ancestors. They took vigilant measures to prevent trav elling on the Sabbath. One morning, as the people were assembling for worship, a little Scotchman was walking to the east, and as he appeared to be going past the meeting-house, the tithing man stepped up to him, and demanded the reason of his travelling upon the Sabbath. He re plied that he was a minister, and was on his way to preach in Middletown. By this time a number had gathered around him, be ing rather suspicious that it was a false pre tense, and questioned him closely. Finally, as they were destitute of a minister that day, they proposed to hira to remain and preach to them. He consented, and took for his text; " As cold water to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.'' They were all well pleased with the sermon, and per mitted him to go on and preach in Middle- town in the afternoon. The first settlers were very much attached to each other, united in their efforts to pro mote regularity and good order, and, for many years, moved on like a baud of broth ers. Poultney Library, to which allusion has been made, was established about 1790. It became a large and flourishing institutiou, and contributed largely to enlighten the minds and improve the morals of its numer ous patrons. It flourished until the country became flooded with those light and trashy publications, usually styled modern litera ture ; and for this cause it was neglected, and finally broken up in 1836. No observing mind can doubt for a moment that the cliange that has come over the inhabitants, especially the rising generation, has not beea for the better. POULTNEY celebrated her hundreth birthday — the fol lowing is a copy of her circular of invitation. sons and daughters op poultney. Your Mother Sendeth Greeting. The present residents of Poultney, Vt. , wishing to do honor to our common mother, have resolved to celebrate her hundreth birth day with befitting ceremonies. On September, 21, 1861, she will be a cen tury old. And on that day we wish to welcome all the wandering Sons and Daughters of Poult ney " at the old Homestead, to recount the joys and sorrows of" Auld Lanq Syne, and make a record for the future. JOSEPH JOSLIN.' President of Centennial Association. L, D. ROSS. Corresponding Secretary. CENTENNIAL ADDRESS, DeUvered at Poultney, Vermont, September 21, 1861, BT HENRY CLARK. Sons and Daughters, and former Residents of Poultney : — It is my first and most pleasing duty- to bid you welcome to this spot and fasti- val. In the name of our ancient town. Natives and former Residents of Poultney, welcome to the old Homestead 1 — to the scenea of your childhood — to these mountains, valleys aud streams, and skies — to the hallowed resting- place of the dear departed — to the joyous 968 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. scenes of this day, the memory of which will never be obliterated by the lapse of time, or the distance tbat may separate you from them. We rejoice to see suoh a noble company of the sona and daughters of this town to-day, coming from the city and the village — from the liill-side and the valley — from the mountain- tops — " from the far West" — from every place whore the spirit of enterprise and adventure bears men. The farmer has left his fleld, the meolianic his workshop, the merchant his counting-room, the lawyer his brief, and the minister his people, and you have come to re vive old and cherished associations, and to re new former friendships — to lengthen the cords and strengthen time-hallowed affections. Tpur presence to day not only honors your native town, but also honors yourselves. It is a pledge lo us that tbe bustle and business of life — ils distracting cares and anxieties, and the various experiences which you have passed through have not alienated yonr affections from the scenes of your early days. Tou can adopt the language of the poet : " Where'er I roam, whatsoerer realms I see. My HEART, nntraveled, fondly turns to theo :" The past welcomes you as you eome hither with reverential feeling for your own birth- place, or tbe burial fields of your ancestors — those humble but honest and enterprising pio neers of civilization in this community. It is a source of pleasure to us to greet here at this hour, so many who bave long mingled in the active scenes of the bustling world — who have won for themselves honor and respect, but who cherish a warm affection for the mother who nurtured them in their youth — and now, in the meridian or evening of life, have returned to veRerate her memory and do her honor. Ton have come together now — gathered from that world in which you have been runuing your race — from communities widely separated and divorsiflcd — from every pursuit, and having endured every form of human discipline and trial — men of different generations, showing different touches of time ; hoary ngo, ripened miinhood, and youth merging into manhood, we stand together "on this mount of ob.servation." Around ua the aliadow.s of the paat are gather ing, and upon us shines the light of the future. Here are tho evening and the morning. Many meet wlio never mot before, and are filled with wonder and surprise. Some meet who have mot before — whose merry feet trod together the well beaten paths — who reclined together ou^tbeso green banks, sauntered over these hills, and rested uuder these shades — bosom friends ! How changed from what yoa were I Tou bear the marks of tbe toil — ^you are covered with the dust ofthe conflict of life. Tou look upon each others' faces, and beneath theso marks of years, and these sears of dnty,. there brighten up features of your early youth. '• Long slumbering feelings awaken — Ihe seal of time is melted, and the soul speaks in voieea that you have heard before." Many of you have long been known to as as prominent actors in the political, literary and religious world. We bave respected you ; but to-day we meet yoa with warmer feelings of friendsliip and affection -, and although your faces appear to us as the features of strangers, still we remember that there is a common interest, alike dear to you and us. These rec ollections awaken in ns the feelings of family affection, ai«l we celebrate a mutual thanks giving. Ton have come; bat onr number is not all here, ilany, whose hearts are with us, are detained by business, or prevented by the nn- happy condition of our country : bnt many, too, are where no call of ours could reach them. Some rest beneath the sod of our own State — some beneath the prairies of theWest — some are in their ocean-bed — some have lett their bones on foreign shores — quietly slumber " on India's coral strand." Some have fallen in early prime; in deeds of patriotism, humanity and holy benevolence, and to be gathered in as shocks fully ripe. My friends, it is fitting that we should turn from daily cares and labor, aud devote one day in a century to reflections on the past ; to the gladsome enjoyment of the present, and tothe indulgence in hopeful anticipations of the fii- ture. This is no idle, ceremonious observance,. It is connected with a wide association of sentiment. It has regard to ancestral feeling. This sentiment has its place in the bosom_of every true hearted man, however humble, or however exalted. The voices of the past lead him with their fond memories, as tbe little child leads the loving parent; and he comes, and you now come, with the tribute of his affec tion, to hang his votive offering in these tem ples of his early love. Again I welcome you to this chosen spot, at this season when all nature clothes this beauti ful valley in ber richest attire, and amid genial scenes. Fellow-Citizens : the time for this commem oration is aptly chosen ; for, though sumewhat POULTNEY. 969 more than a century has elapsed since tho ear ly settlers first traced the furrow, and sowed the seed in these broad acres, still a century this day expires since Benning Wentworth, governor of New Hampsliire, affixed the seal of that State, and hia own bold signature, to vender Charter, which guarantees full privi leges of a town ; and, in accordance with the usual custom in these celebrations, is, in fact, the only definite point of time from wbich to take our survey. Tliis assembly has come together to-day with memories and sacred associations filling our minds, tbat are calculated to take deep hold on the feelings. We have arrived at tbe close of the first century of the existence of the char ter of our town. Standing now at the point of such a deeply interesting anniversary, our feelings cannot but be in harmony with the sentiment of the Psalmist: " We have heard with our ea/rs, 0 God I our fathers have told us, what work Thou didst in their days, in times of old." " We will not hide them from their child ren : showing to the generation to come the praises of the Lord, a/nd his strength, and his wonderful works that He hath done." How could we properly employ our thoughts on this day, except by looking backward to the titue of the fathers — to their noble struggles, their high and worthy views and purposes, and the things wrought in their day ; by looking, also, upward to the all-controling and good providence of God by which events have been guided, and this people bleaaed; and looking forward to the future opening upon us, with its privileges, dutieSj hopes and fears. If we go back one hundred and twenty-flve years, we find our State almost unoccupied by civilized man. Throughout the more moun tainous portions of our commonwealth every thing remained in a state of nature. Within these profound shades dwelt unmolested the wild beasts, and the wilderness blossomed in beauty unaided by the hand of man. Even the native tribes of Indians had very few per manent homes within tbe region ; they ranged over this part of the State for hunting and fishing, but built their wigwams in more favor- able placea — by the seaside and In the rich valleys, and along the shores of Lake Cham plain. In this township it is not known that there were any cultivated grounds or permanent habitations of the red man. Very few traces of so much as their wandering presence here have ever beeu found. An arrow head or two have heen picked up. The oldest traditions of the town indicate no signs of any aboriginal dwelling-place. It is believed no traces of their graves bave ever been aeen here. A little more than a century ago there were but few towna in this part of the State ; and the wilderness was unsettled till the fertile grounds along the Connecticut River were reached. Eut enterprising men had passed over the coun try and marked'its advantages. The history ot that of Massachusetts, from which our settlers came, that there were many who were disposed to avail themselves of the new lands for settle ment. There were sturdy hearts among the young men of Massachusetts and Connecticut, glad to think of planting for themselves a home where they might bring the ones they loved. and where they could cultivate land to call their own. The grant of charters in this State by Gov ernor Wentworth commences with Bennington, Jan. 3, 1749 — extends to Aug. 4, 1764. Only sixteen charters, and moat of them located on the eaat side ofthe Mountain, were made until 1761. In that year 60 chartera were granted. In the month of September 11 were granted, and 5 of them were within the present limits of Rutland county, namely : Eutland, September 7, 1761 ; Tinmouth, Sep tember 15, 1761 ; Wella, September 15, 1761 ; Poultney, September 21, 1761, Castleton, Sep tember 22, 1761. On the 17th of March, 1773, at a meeting of the Proprietora, it was "Voted, to lay out a post road from the Governor's farm, between Thomas Ashley's and Ebenezer Allen's farm, north as far as it is needful ; said road to be 4 rods wide — and to pay 3 shillings a day for clearing roads." On the 29th of April, 1773, " Voted, that Thomas Ashley and Ebenezer Allen may lay out 100 acres of land on their own right, or on any of the undivided lands in said Poultney. This liberty is on account of theae men first coming to town." On the 24th. of May, 1775, they appointed Nehemiah Howe, John Grant and Isaac Ashley a committee to look out a burying-place. "Voted, Ethan Allen may pitch 100 acres for Capt. Warner of Bennington, any where on the undivided land in aaid town — for tbe vallor of cutting the timber of Esq. Munroe, the Torkite, out of his own land, ou the sec ond division." On tbe first day of June the committee on selection of a burial-place reported " that Nehe miah Howe and John Grant shall have 4 acres 970 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. a-piece for allowing the proprietors a burying- place on their home lots, Nos. 34 and 30 — be ginning on the east aide of 34 aud on the weat side of No. 30, running 24 rods north from tbe river, running 20 rods south, 10 degrees west, and 8 rods e.icli way on 34 and 30. John Grant for to take for hia 4 acres on the undi vided land joining No. 33 west of the town plats. Nehoiuiah Howe his 4 acres is at the northeast corner of the lot 34, on the undivid ed land." This is the burial-ground located on yonder hill Joel Grannis, one of tho early settlers who came here in the fall of 1771, was lost in the woods, and was frozen to death, was the flrst person buried in the yard. Thus early our fathers took pains to secure a place for tbe burial of tbo loved and loat. There are sever al burial placfes scattered through the town ; but here on the banks of the stream that flows in our midst will be found the earliest and latest gravea of Poultney. Who that have fol lowed the mournful hearae, laden with the last remains of friends beloved, have not had their minds filled with hallowed associations and memories of the departed, and will not invol untarily exclaim : " From every Grave a thousand virtues rise In shapes of mercy, charity and love. To walic the world and bless it. Of every tear That sorrowing mortals shed on these green graves Some good is boru — some gentler nature comes." Before proceeding to sketch the early settle ment of the town, I beg your indulgence to a brief review of the life of a gentleman who, although he never settled here, took a deep interest in ita affairs, and was one of the first who ever visited the town previous to its set tlement. He was the treasurer of tlie proprie- ters for many yeara, and visited the town in ] 7G4 — also, after the settlement: I refer to Cnpt. Isaac Lawrence of Canaan, Ct. He wns a native of Groton, Masa.. and removed with his parents to Canaan in I74S. He is represented as being largo — in stature 6 feet — erect — pleasant coun tenance, sociable, intelligent — exeellent cliar- acler — of active and correct bn.siness habits — by occupation a farmer. IIo accumulated a valuable property, owned several larj:;o farms, wliieli he kept under cultivation; was the owner of 20 slaves at one time, to whom he gave their freedom before his death, with tlio exception of one, who wns made so by hia heira — making proviaion for the aged and in firm, and contributing lo the comfort of others who were needy. The record of his life is of a man of great industry and perseverance — that he made life worth something to himself ' and others. He held many public offices — was a representative and a senator in the Gen eral Assembly. His extensive business trans- actions necessarily bringing him in contact with a great number of persons, his excellent reputation, and the veneration in which he was held by the early settlers of this town, afford us the best evidence that his habits and manner of life were correct — such as to secure almost universal esteem and confidence. Mr. Solomon Whitney, who was associated wiih him in the meetings and affairs of the proprietors, said of him, that "nobody ever disliked old captain Isaac. If all the world were like him it would do very well." He died Dec 2, 1793. The first aettlement of this town was com menced by Ebenezer Allen and Thomas Ashley, about 1771. They commenced near where the covered turnpike bridge is, in the west village — Allen a little west, and Ashley a little east. The river then ran some 20 rods north of where it now does. Allen brought his family, con sisting of 7, with him, and he erected a shanty for them ; which was done by setting crutches in the ground, placing poles on the top, and covering the roof and sides with bark. Tbey cleared some land near where Daniel Sprague formerly lived, and raised com. sufficient to make bread for the familv, fat hia pork, and buy an under jaeket. Ashley remained one month, and returned and brought on his fimily. His farm lay upon the sides of the highway running through the village of west Poultney. Hia firat dwelling was on the spot where tho Hon. Rollin C. Mallary lived, now occupied by Dr. McLeod. Here the first framed house and framed bam were built. This dwelling was a large gambrel roofed bouse, built according to the architecture of that day. Mr Mallary bad a reverence for the associations of the location with the early hiatory of this community, and determined, after the death of Mr. Ashley, that he would purchase it, let it cost what it would. He removed the buildings, and built the present' residence of Dr. McLeod. He had so much of the historic spirit iu reference to the place, that he plaeed some of the timbers in hia neW' bouse as relics of the past. In the fall of this year several other families came to town, namely : Elijah and John Owen, Isaac Aahley, Nehemiah Howe, Ichabod and Joaeph Marshall, Silas Howe, Heber Allen, John Grant, Thomas Goodwin, Robert Green, Zebediah Dewey, Cotton Fletcher, John, Elka na, Elisha, Enoch and William Ashley, all POULTNEY. 971 brothers of Thomas and Isaac Ashley ; John Tilden, Zebediah, Dan and John Richards, WiUiam Ward, Timothy, Ebenezer, Jamea and Daniel Hyde; Samuel Church, Joel Grannis, Isaac Craw, Nathaniel and James Smith, Mor decai and Gilbert Soper. James and Nathaniel Brookins, Josiah Lewis. A few others came here previous to 1777. The deprivations of the early inhabitants of this towu the time allotted me would not suf fice to relate, if the power of description were mine to fitly portray them. None but those who saw and suffered could ever form an ade quate idea of what they were. They all inhab ited log houses. In some instances familiea moved into their houses before the roof was on, even in the winter. Many of them furnished themselves with tables, bedsteads and chairs, with no other implements than an axe and an auger. For a fire-place a stone back waa built up in one end of the house, and stones, such aa they could get, were laid down for a hearth. After the first year they raiaed a little corn, wheat, potatoes, beana, &c. — they fared much better. Some of tbem had a cow which ran in the woods. The firat few years they had to go to Manches ter, some thurty miles, to procure com and get it ground. Soon afterward a mill waa built by a Mr. Fitch, at Pawlet, which they considered a great convenience. A gristmill was built on the falls in this village, in 1776. To many of the conveniences and comforts of life that hardy generation of men were stran gers. Their dwellings were log-houses, illy fitted to exclude the cold. Had it not been for the rousing fires kept up in winter in the large fireplaces, fed continually by great logs, the inmates must have severely suffered. Their farming utensils were clumsy ; their clothing homespun and coarse, but durable. The inhabitants, at this period, bad not established social institutions among them, of any importance. They had erected a log schoolhouse, as they called it, on the pent road leading north from the west village, a few rods southeast of where Daniel Andrus now lives. Whether a school was kept there previoua to 1778, I have not been able to as certain. On the Sabbath the inhabitants met in this building, and held publio social wor ship, and frequently a sermon was read. Thus things were in June, 1777. In July, 1777, on the approach of Burgoyne's array and the Indians, the men of this town were under arms, to resist their progress ; and at the time of the battles of Hubbardton and Caatleton, a meaaenger was sent to warn the inhabitants of the approach of the enemy, and that they must flee for their lives. The women, without a moment's delay, gathered together tbeir children, and commenced their line of march through an almost unbroken wilderness, to the south, expecting every hour to be over taken and murdered ; but were fortunate in keeping in advance of the enemy, and were enabled to reach a place of safety at Benning ton — afterwards proceeding to Connecticut aud Massachusetts". It was on the Sabbath, and many of the inhabitanta were asaembled in the log school- house, engaged in social worship. When the news reached them they fled, without even visiting their homes. The mother of Joseph Joslin, Esq., the honored President of the day, lived nearest to tbe schoolhouse, passed direct ly by her own home — and, with one child a few months old in her arma, and leading another, went on foot to Bennington, not stopping nor procuring any thing to eat. These were times that tried the courage of women as well as of men. The Battle of Bennington, on the 16th of August following, checked the march of Bur goyne's forces, and the battle at Stillwater, where his army was taken prisonera, relieved the inhabitants of this section of the country, and they began to return to their homes : but few, however, returned until the winter and spring of 1778. For several years following they would secrete some of their choicest arti cles before retiring for the night. The settlement ofthe town after these events commenced more rapidly ; and they began to pay attention to the erection of dwelling-hous es and barns — the planting of orchards, &e. The flrst orchard was planted on the Eann farm 77 years ago. The first town meeting on record was held March 8, 1775, over which Zebulon Richards presided as moderator. Heber Allen was elect ed as town clerk ; Nehemiah Howe, Zebulon Richards and Cotton Fletcher were chosen selectmen ; , Isaac Ashley, constable ; John Ash ley, tythingman. It was voted — "six days' work for each man on the highways." Josiah Lewis, Thomas Ashley, John Owen and Ne hemiah Howe, were appointed surveyors of highways — and the selectmen were constituted a committee for laying out highways ; and they closed their proceedinga by voting " that hogs should run at large." 972 VEBMOTvT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. At the town meeting held March 11, 1777, Willinm Ward was appointed moderator. At this meeting it was deemed best for the inter est of the proprietors, to appoint a committee of safety ; and tliey accordingly elected Nehe miah Howe, William Ward, John Grant, Heber Allen and Zebediah Dewey, and instructed them lo join the General Committtee of Safety of the New Hampshire Grants. They also allowed William AVard 20s 6d for attending the convention of that year; and voted £ 15 for the town tax. At an adjourned meeting held on the 27th April following, Thomas Ashley was also elect ed one of the committee of safety. At a meeting held on the 16th of April 1778, the following vote waa paased : " Whereas, by a union of the inhabitants of this district of land called the State of Vermont. by their delegatea, did frame a Constitution, and by the same did enact a General Assembly with the same — Agrtieable to their orders we have warned the inhabitants of this town, and have met in consequence thereof of said orders by reason of the orders not coming to band be fore our annual March meeting — wo hereby organize ourselves, nnder said Constitution, into a town for legal purpoaea. ' They then proceeded to choose town officers, according to the laws of the State. At the meeting in 1780, Nathaniel Smith, Elisha Ashley and Josiah Grant were appointed a committee to flnd the centre of the town. They also voted to locate the meetinghouse on the north side ofthe road, near the burying- ground, and that it be built by aubscription, 45 feet in length, and 35 feet wide, and to be a frame building. In 1783 they covered it, laid the lower floor, and built a desk. In this situ ation it was occupied for several years. The town finally raised a tax and finished the bouse. Thia year the Rev. Ithamer Hibbard came to town. He waa the flrat settled minister in tho town, and remained with the people until his disraiaaion, which occurred in 1796 or '97. Tlic primary cause of Mr. Hibbard's dismission was, that ho connoclod himself with tho masonic fraternity ; and he strenuously defended him self against the assaults that wero made upon him — openly advocntod tlio principles upon which the institution was based. He had pre vioualy been a chaplain in the American army. He was a man of deep piety, and the cause of religion proapered under his miniatry. I leave the proper delineation of this good man's char acter to abler hands.* * See ftccnnnt of Rev. Mr. Hibbard in the preceding history of Ilubbardton, pago 758. — Ed. In 1784 the town "voted to raise a tax of two pence on the pound, to be paid in money or grain: wheat at 4s 6d, corn at 3s, or other grain equivalent — payable by the flrst of De cember next." They also made tbe first provision, as a town, for schools, by choosing a committee consisting of Noah Smith, James Brookins, Titus Watson, Abisha Mosely and Reuben Stevens, to divide the town into achool districts: and elected Xathaniel Smith, Eh?ha Allen, Oliver Strong and William Hooker, trustees of schools. This may be considered the flrst permanent establishment of schools in our midst. It would be interesting to consider at some length the efforta of our predecessors in the great cause of education ; but as this department of the history of the town will be enlarged upon by him who is to follow me, I must confine myself to a "very few remarks. The records of the town show tliat great pains was taken, fiom year to year, in the early part of its history, to cherish the schools, and in the training of children ; though in a lesa degree, perhaps, tban at the present day — less actually, I mean — not less in proportion to their humble means. It is a source of satisfac tion to thee who claim Poultney as t'le home of their childhood, but whose lot in manhood has made them wanderers on the sea, or so journers by the granite hiUs of the north, or the sunny climes of the Sonth — that so much lias already been done for public education. It would be interesting and instructive, Sir, if you could have brought up from the oblivion of the paat, the school and the schoolmaster of the olden time, to pass examination before us. Not one before me has forgotten the one-story schoolhouse of his early youth — the little box cast-iron stove standing in the centre of the room — the seats around bearing evident marks of that trait of Yankee character — industry. Tou have not forgotten the morning hour de voted to tho reading of the Sible— each one reading a verse, alternately. Some are atten tive to the lesson, while others, with Bible at hand, are playing pins, " heads to points," or spinning the top: but, alas I the penalty for the lad who has not the right verse in suc cession to read I The heavy whip rings over the back of the unfortunate one, and the general whispering inquiry from one to the other — " Where's the place?" None' have forgotten the original, ingenious aud impressive modes of punishment for school offences. Among them that of standing on POULTNEY. 973 the platform, witb a piece of wood partially split, placed across the nose of the offender; the effect of which was something like placing the nose in a vise — or the holding of a, heavy stick of wood in the hand, with the arm ex tended horizontally. The schoolmaster of the present applies the screw to develop the boy's bi;ains ; he of the past applied the cowhide to develop marks on our backs. The teacher of to-day ia inquisi tive — ^he requires a why, or a wherefore. The fbrmer never gave offence to his pupils in this way. But I have detained you longer on this point than I intended. A distinguiahed writer has said ; " To in terpret the present thoroughly, we must un derstand and unfold the past." The historian and the antiquarian are searching the world over among musty parchments and fragmentary documents, for records of deeds of the past. Should not the school and teachers of other days be brought up to the light, that onr youth may the more highly estimate the advantages of the present? Great men are giving the work of their heada and the work of their handa "to popular education. The most pure institution in our midst, the public school ; the foundation of our fiiture prosperity — the one outward institution, upon which all others must depend, free from party or sectarian rule. Kept sacredly fi'ee from all such poison — and the best trait in our New England character ia, that we, however else we differ and quarrel, unite in guarding our schools against these evils of publio and social life. To the public school syatem we look, as the last and best hope for our country and our race. There lies the heart of all republicanism — of all true equality and free religion. And the more you do for that, the more you do for God, and man, and trae duty. It is a growing power — one whose calm, and yet tremendous sway has nev er before been tried on earth ; the great new feature of American civilization. With all its present errors — for it is just dawning upon us now — its spirit is right. And if I were to sum up in a sentence, the word we would speak to the coming generation, I would say. Be true to conscience, to your country, and your public schools. The schools of our town have produced rich and mellow fruit to bless the world. Many have gone forth from the publio schools of this town, to honor themaelves, and reflect credit npon their early home: and I need mention but a few: Chas. D. Mallary, D. D., of Geor gia, Hon. Alex. W. Buel, of Michigan, Horace Greeley, Hon. Francis H. Ruggles, Hon. Elisha Ward, George Jones of New York, Rev. J. R. Kendriek of South Carolina, Prof A. C. Ken driek of Rochester, Rev. Herman Hooker, D. D., Philadelphia, Bev. Isaac N. Sprague, D. D., of Geneseo, N. Y. In 1788, the inhabitants met in a special meeting, to see whether tbe town would build a gristmill. William Hooker, Capt. William Watson, Thomas Ashley aud Capt. Jamea Hooker, were appointed a committee to report on the expediency of such n measure. The report and vote of the meeting were against building a mill. At the meeting of tbe town held Sept. 2, 1794, it was " Voted, That the soldiera that have turned out to supply the quota of men required by congress from the town of Poultney, shall be entitled to 40 shillings for each month's service, exclusive of the $ 1.60 allowed for clothing, to be made up to them by the treasury of this town, if neither the United States nor thia State should see fit to make their wages equal to that aum per month." It would be intereating, did time permit, to depict in full, as well as at thia distant period we could, the individual life of all those who aerved in the Revolutionary war, and give the entire record of the town upon all matters of Revolutionary hiatory: but this must be left to the person who shall write a complete and full history of the town. The votes of the town meeting — the resolu tions passed — were not mere words, expiring with the breath that uttered them, or fading away with the ink that recorded them. In all the early struggles of our own commonweplth, as well as those of the Revolution, the men of Poultney were there — they were at Ticondero ga, A Hibbard — the Ashleys, Aliens, Mar- shalls, Richards, a Grant — with their guns ready for battle, under the command of Ethan Allen: and they heard that bold reply of the noble and intrepid defender of our rights — " In the name of tbe Great Jehovah aud the Continental Congress." All these men were soldiers — none of them too good for service. Their country's rights, not their own aggrandizement, was the object for which they watched without ceasing. — Many of them stood sbouldf^^s', shoulder on every battle-field — ha^'m^ ^^^ ftheiT motto: "Give us Liberty, or g' ni^"y Death 1" Ko compromise was adm' C*' ^^'mi tbat day. No 974 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. traitor spirit found here. The sons of this town have every reason to be proud of the patriotic spirit and determined purpose of their sires. The names of many a brave soldier are conspicuous in her annals. Let their sons, to the latest generation, aee to it that a reputa tion nobly earned ahall never be tarnished. Upon the Revolutionary rolls are inscribed the names of Thomas Ashley, Seth Ruggles, Ebenezer Allen, .Toseph Manning, John Grant, William Lewia, Capt. William Watson, James Smith, Zebediah Dewey, James Hooker, Daniel Mallary, William llooker, Oliver AA'right, Thomas Hooker, Abel Hubbard, William Lewis, Samuel Prindle, Jeremiah Armstrong, Jesse' Soper ; and of many others, whose names I have been unable to recover. Indeed, it would seem from a cursory examination, that almost all the men capable of bearing arms were out during some portion of the protracted contest. They were no mercenary men, but tbe real brave yeomanry, exchanging at the call of their country the field of the husbandman for tbe field of battle. And I would not forget, ou this occasion, tbe brave women of those times, who encoun tered almost every thing bnt death — who were driven from their homes and left to the tender mercies of those who opposed the cause tbey had espoused. I have related one incident connected with the sufferings and hardships of the women who left, on the approach of the enemy. Permit me to relate another. Most of the women and children came together before the night of the first day. They reached Pownal, where a pub lic house was kept ; but they were not aware of the position taken upon public affairs by the innkeeper. They approached the house, and a Mrs. .Dewey asked of the landlord if he was a tory or a whig. He made reply, that he did rot think that any of ber business. She again said to him, " Sir, I am captain of this compa ny, and I wish a reply to my inquiry; and if you are a tory we shall go on ; if not, we will remain." He said he was not. Tho honse waa full already; aa the women and children were hourly arriving from every direction. They wero put together in a log meetinghouse that atood nearby. They had no men to de fend thom, .^tieaihey barred the doora, and laid down t5L,j^g_ During the night Mrs. Marshall was li ^ by footstepa, aa she thought. It wi«^'-Mr.. moonlight, and she V page 7 ° ' observed several men she supposed to be a scouting party from the enemy — a detachment who were but a few roda distant. She recol lected that she saw a gun stand in one corner, as she entered the building. She got the gun, and found, on examination, that it had no lock, but bad a ramrod. She took it and went to work as though she was loading the gun — and every few moments ahe would cease op erations to give those on the outside the im pression that several guns were being loaded ; and as they approached sbe put the muzzle out of a broken window, and took aim as if to fire : and they were so impressed from tbe movements, of the numbers in the building, that they very quietly left, and nothing further occurred to disturb their rest, and in the morning they resumed their journey. Our attention has been called to the men of this Grant It is well to advert to the part the women have had in founding, preserving and advancing this community: especially should we recount their privations at this time, when, more probably than at others, heart meets heart, and sympathies of human ity flow spontaneously, generously, equitably. We behold tbem, in vision, coming to this locali ty — living in log houses until lumber could be procured^-entering upon their domicils with strong aud consoling faith that whatever might be tbeir experience of weal or woe, it would be divinely overroled for their highest welfare. We cannot but revere and bless their memory as important pioneers in the great work of employing means for contributuig to the pro motion of tbe high character of this com monwealth. But for tbe presence, approval and affection of such fair friends, few of the men who cleared away tbe long standing woods of this soil — braved the perils of fam ine and pestilence, would have had a heart to begin the World anew, in these wilds. But for those of them who had sufficient strength, even when the sufferings incident to new settlements were experienced, there would have been few, if any, who, like ministering angels, would have comforted the distressed, given medicine for the diseased — whispered truths of Christian hope beyond the grave, prayed with the dying, and commended their souls to the welcome of the Puritan's God. They met with a spirit of fortitude ; and what was more needed, of human aid in these homes of trial, than the home influences of virtuous woman, which calm the diaquieted temper, cool angry resentment, cherish feelings POULTNEY. 975 of forbearance ; but when necessity calls, nerve the arm for noble deeds in defence of equal rights. Such was the part of tnatrons who were numbered among the primitive members of this community. Thus actuated by the high est motives received from the wonderful code of the moral universe to our fallen race, to employ the best means for accomplishing the greatest good, they bad the most suitable prep aration for every other concern of their domes tic and social duties, In these, though coming far short of perfection, they endeavored to discharge their relative duties, at home and abroad, so that all with whom they were as sociated might be happier and better for sucb an association. In this manner they stamped upon the minds and hearts of the young — soon to take on themselves tbe public responsibili ties of their seniors — principles which contrib uted more than the strongest fortifications to the permanency of the town, in their spirit, life, purpose and salutary influences. The Poultney Library "was established in 1790. It beoame large and flourishing. Ita influence, ao far as its works of sterling char acter were, was untold, and many a aon of" Poultney dates tbe influences for good or evil exerted upon his character and life, to hia connection with this Library. The men who eatablished it were, many of them, deists ; and they made the inculcation of their peculiar views a main object in the selection of books : 81 much so, that after the settlement of Elder Kendriek and Mr. Leonard, they both joined the Association, and were much grieved at the irreligious tendency of some of the works on its shelves. It waa proposed that old books be sold at public auction, and the money be appropriated to the purchase of new ones. — Mr. Leonard and Mr. Kendriek were present, and purchased every book that they deemed pernicious in its influence, either upon the mind or morals. They bad a hard struggle to procure some of tbem, tbe price was carried 60 high by the bidders ; and their heavy pur chases made a large draft upon their limited salaries. Tme to their purpose, they removed the books to Mr. Leonard's house the same even ing, and committed every volume to the flames. The Library was flnally sold at public auc tion, in 1841. much to the disgrace of the citizens of this town, who should have «ver cherished the institution of a publio library in their midst, as a means of great mental and social improvement. Let us now turn our attention to the customs of this heroic people, in the last century. They were a people of simple, unobtrusive habits — of little artificial refinement, but of sterling intel ligence—high spirited— of great plainne.^a of speech — generous in their feelings — lovers of wit and repartee. Constant in their friend ships, courageous and independent in their bearing — their hospitality was unbounded ; be ing freely tendered to friend and stranger, and as readily accepted. Great frankness in avow ing their religions principles was a trait of character always prominent. Drinking together, in those daya, was a pledge of friendship ; and it was thought to be rather venial to drink among a certain class, provided they did not get down. There was one trait of . I love little cliildren, — ho iirtless thoir ways, So courtlesB of favor, so careless of pmiBo, — So pure tho delight wliich their ploasuro imparts, As freely it gushes from innocent hearts. I lovo tlicin when chocrfnl, I love them when snd, Oh I would thoy might over be happy and glad, I lovo their wild laugliter, their free gushing tears, Thoir joys and their sorrows, their hopes and thoir fears. I love little children, — so Bweot>ly they trust, In tho arm that supports thom,— though be It of dust, Thoy lie down at uvoning, rise up in the morn, Mistrusting no evil, and fearlesa of harm. I love little cliildren, — so pure in their love, — So like to that cherished by angels above, — To me they're like angels, — sent down here to dwell •- Oh I I lovo Mttie children, — I love them right well. EARTHLY FRIENDS IN HEAVEN. Is it wrong to wish to see tbem Who were so dear to us on earth ; Who havo gone to heavenly mansions,— Who surround a brighter hearth ? Is it wrong to hope to meet them Yet, upon that blissful shore, And with songs of joy to meet them Whew this toil of life is o'er? Is it wrong to tliink them nearer Than the many of the blest Who to us on earth were strangers — Must we love them like the rest? , I'vi3 a mother np in Heaven, ' And 0! tell me if ye will, Will the njother know her children, — Will she recollect them still ? Can she look down from those windowa To this dark and distant shore ? Will she know when I ain coming, — Will she meet me at the d«or ? Will she clasp me to her bosom In her ecstacy of joy?" Will she ever be my mother, — Shall I always be her boy ? And, thou loved one, who didst leave ns In the morning of thy bloom, Dearest sister, shall I meet thee When I go beyond the tomb ? ShaU I see thy lovely features, — Shall I hear thy pleasant words, Sounding o'er my spirit's harp-strings Like the melody of birds ? And I think me of another. Of a darling little oae, Who went up among the angels, Ere his life had scarce begun ; 0 I I long onco more to see him, And to fold him in my arms As I did when he wus with us, With his thousand budding charms. And will jjeath alone unfold us AH about the Christian's home? Must we pass the narrow valley E're we reach the glory-dome ? Aye, 'tis true the soul must sufifer And be bowed with anguish down, E're 'tis fitted for its dwelling, B're 'tis ready for its crown. And ten thousand the emotions Crowding round the anxious heSrt When its weary strings are breaking, When it fuels it must depart. Bnt 0 Jesus I Blessed Jesus I Thou art love without alloy, Thou wilt moot and thou wilt bless us, Thou wilt give us perfect joy. POUiTNEY. 1005 AMOS P. BLISS, Brother of Dwight S., died at Poultney, Dec. 27, 1853, in Jhe 25th year of hia age. fie was a -quiet, unpretending young man of delicate health for several years be fore his death. Deep and beautiful were his admirations of his brother's poetical talent, amounting almost to reverence. Side by side sleep these two young brothers. I THINK OF THEM OFTEN. BT A. f. BUSS. I think of them often in pleasant spring time, When the green old hills echo the sabbath bells chime, When the flowers their beauties begin to unfold, With their green shaded borders and petals of gold; When the birds are returning once more to their bowers. To warble sweet tones all the bright sunny hours ; When the warm breath of spring cometh soft o'er the plain And all nature ie budding in beauty again. And then when sweet summer comes tripping along. With her bright sunny glances and voices of song ; When the fields are all clad in a mantle of green. And nought bnt the freshness of beauty is seen ; Obi then doT! think of the dear ones that rest, 'From the world and its cares, in the home of the bleat, Wholeft these bright scones thafto mortals are given For Ikr brighter ones in the mansions of heaven I Aud I think of them often when Autumn is nigh, When the shrilly winds whistle, and mournfully sigh ; When the leaves ofthe forest in crimson and gold, Are passing away like a " tale that is told ;" When all nature is wearing the marks of decay, I think of the loved ones that faded away ; Ofthe bright hectic flush and the ever brilliant eye Alas I 'twas the beauty juat budding to die. ISIDORE. BT WM. MC LEOD. * We often walked at even tide Our hands did neve^ieet, We often sat — she by my side Yet distant and discreet — For we were friends and nothing more Lochiel and Isidore. Alone we were, moat strangely cold And nought could either say, We would not be imagined bold, So each would look the other way : Since we were friends and nothing more, Lochiel and Isidore. Bnt *mid the gay and careless crowd, Her glance my soul would thrill : Half vexed I blushed, though I was proud My heart would not be still, Th(*jgh we were friends and nothing more, Lochiel and Isidore. * See also Poets and Poetry of Tt., EvA Fat, page 259, sent by him when we were gathering material for that work. He has since died. Ed, One eve we sat our usual way, But sat not far apart, Our eyes were moist, we were not gay. Next morn We were to jmrt : StiU we were friends and nothing more, Lochiel and Isidore. I gently took her snowy hand, Our lips approached quite near, 1 clasped her waist's encircling band And whispered low yet clear, Then are we friends and nothing more, Lochiel and Isidore ? Our souls united in a glance, The bond our lips did seal. We woke as from a dreamy trance To know, for woe or weal. That we vr ere friends and something more, Lochiel and Isidore. SADNESS AND JOT, BY BEV. JOHN GOADBT. Alone, reclined on verdant bank, I thought of when my spirit drank Of pleasures stream. Those by-gone scenes I then reviewed. And thought perhaps they'll be renewed. But 'twas a dream. A sickly dream of feverish youth, For should tbey now return, in truth, They would be vain. Unlike and vain they ali wonld be, No pleasure in them would I see, Nothing but pain. My head was light, — my hope was young, I thought not, felt not that they sting. Will she recollect them still ? My vagrant breast. But now I call to mind each scene, Each foolish wish, utopinn scheme, That promised rest. Bnt youth's light heart haa power to fling A mystic halo round each sting That seeks the heart. How foolishly did I believe How wantonly did hope deceive,^ And mock my smart. Deceitful world, but thou hast taught, Me upward to direct my thought And heavenward climb. To spurn thy shadowy vanities, Alone to expect realities In yonder clime. MARION HOOKER BOE. Maeioit Peooella, eldest daughter of Sam uel P. Hooker was born in Poultney, Jan. 28, 1827. Her mother died before she had attained her fourth year— Mary Martin Hooker, It has been said the daughter did not inherit the mother's personal beauty. Be 1006 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. this as it may, she did inherit that beauty of soul which tinged with glorious hues the im mortal gem. After her mother's death she lived for four years with her maternal grand parents, in the town of Underhill, that liea literally among the hills in tbo shadow of Mansfield, highest of the Green Mountain range ; and the tender imaginative child amid the wild and mystic scenery that sur rounded the mountain home of Peter Martin, £rew with a love for nature in all its varied forms, imprinted upou her mind so as to be come a part of her very being. At seven the second marriage of her fath er, brought Marion and her brother Lucius about 2 years younger, agaiu under the pa ternal roof, and in 1837, the erection of Troy Conference Academy in Poultney village opened another important leaf in this fair life. The school was early opened in '36, a year before the erection ofthe present spacious buildings. Marion, nine years of age, was among the first and youngest it is presumed, to avail herself of its benefits, and for nearly 12 years, its palmiest days, was indentified with the school either as scholar or teacher. In the summer of 1844, she received the first diploma awarded at T. C. A. She next en tered Troy Female Semiuary, whore she graduated in 1845 with the highest honors of her class, her essay being one of three ac corded the honor of publication. The T. C. A. Casket, a monthly periodical published while she was a teacher in the school, preserves in most of its numbers the impress of her pen. In May, 1848, Miss Hooker entered as a teacher the Burlington Female Seminary She writes to her future husband, May 18, " Mr. Converse introduced me together with Mr. Mott, a new music teacher, to the school. After dining at the Seminary, Mr. C. escor ted me to my boarding place, where I have the supervision of several young ladies for whom there was no room in the building. Since that time, I havo heard recitations in half the studies in school. I suspect they are trying me. If the French te:ichLT who is ab sent and sick, does not return, I am to take his place, otherwise I take Botany, Rhetoric and Philosophy in addition to my painting class. Tlie hrst day Mr. 0. told me lie had a very good account of my decision in govern ment. High, ho! would'nt one take me to be an elderly lady in cap and specs?'' "I have a charming home here # , ^^ my room commands a magnificent prospect of the lake and village, and the far off bills and is furnished with taste and elegance. The fam ily is that of the late Dr. M. and tbey are very agreeable and kind. Mrs. M. is pas sionately fond of flowers and cultivates a beautiful and large garden " "June 21. I received a letter from Mrs. Willard last week, offering me a situation in Virginia. I communicated the contents to Mr. Converse, and be decl.ared he could not spare me, but he would furniah a substitute. * * * Burlington is a very gay pkce and I am of necessity much in company, but I never forget the future and have no fears that my present society will unfit me for the quiet pleasures and holy duties which will be mine.' * * * " I now have charge of the French department, four large classes. My class in oil painting ia quite large, and I am commencing with a class in water colors so tbat, with my share of the mathematics, I have my hands full. But I am happy." * * • " I have beentalking upon the one great subject this evening — I trust hum bly. * * * I am becoming a child of God and I wish very mnch to manifest my attachment to Him by uniting with some branch of His earthly church. But, ever since I began to feel this desire, I have hoped that we might together dedicate ourselves to God, and I have almost resolved to wait until it can be so. And yet, I think I should be better and happier if I bad shaped my creed and promised to abide by it. Tea, wherever your life-path may lie, my place is by your side, and ob I how lightly shall I tread the roughest and darkest passes with your arm around me and God above>me I" Miss Hooker was married to Alva Dunning Roe. Sept. 6, 1S49, and New Year's morning, 1855, both united witb the Congregational church. I think Mr. Roe was afterv/ards ordained as a clergyman, and bears the title of Reverend. But, during the life of his wife, he chiefly devoted bis life to teaching, being almost always assisted by his wife, who really had an extraordinary gift for this vo cation. Marion's first birdling appeared in her happy nest oa thirst anniversary of her bridal morn, and she made almost as inimi table a mother as teacher. She still con tinued to teach with her husband, and seemed equally successful as mother, housekeeper, or teacher, at one and the same time. How she could so manage was only a very agreeable wonder. We beoame acquainted while they were teaching in Bellows Falls. She had three lovely children at this time. Her home was a cheery spot into which to drop for a little visit. Later they removed to Salisbury, Ct., where her huaband and she conducted tbe Salisbury Seminary. It was while there, we learned, with deep regret, of her sudden death. She died, Aug. 18, 1863, from appar ently but au ordinary attack of neuralgia, POULTNEY. 1007 apoplexy setting in, the night of the l7th, and, alone with ber two little sons and the servant girl, the husband being absent for a few days on a visit with tbeir little daughter, at his brother's, in Brookfield, Ct. Followed by her very deeply bereft, family, and a throng of pupils and frienda gathered from the adjacent fields of ber latest labors, she was buried first in the Salisbury cemetery, but, in the following Spring, her husband removed her remains to her- native place, at which time memorial services were held. Eev. Dr. ITewnaan, her former teacher and appreciating friend, delivered a chaste and grateful tribute to ber memory, followed by a graphic sketch of her life from her fellow townsman, Henry Clark, Esq. " She seemed," he said, " to have a natural gift for imparting knowledge. Much of it she may have inherited from her mother, who was a successful and accomplished teacher." Some years ago, at a meeting of tbe State Teachers' Association, at Bellows Falls, while she was connected with . tbe Union School at that place, there was on the evening of the first day a social gathering of the teachers and friends of education. Among the gentlemen called upon for brief addresses was the Rev. C. C. Parker, of tbe Congregational church, and his subject was "'The Model jTeacher." "I have," said he, "in my min(^ a model teacher. Sbe was a lady of dignified man ners, graceful mien, and cultivated taste. She was earnest, faithful and kind — winning the love and confidence of all her pupils ; fAd eii^ possessed the rare power of impressing hei own spirit upon all with whom sbe came in contact. To ber instructions do I owe, HIK ler God, the turning-point in my early hfe , and others can pay the same tribute of afii :ction and gratitude to her memory. I caD not refrain from giving her name, for I sha 11 never forget the labors, the love and fait lifulness of my model teacher — Mary Ma rtin." At the moment, Mrs. Roe was etai iding by my side, and, as he announced the name, she exclaimed, " That was my mot her's name I" and truly it was her mother that r had been so eloquently described ; and the! speaker continued ; — "I have this nigbt met , among the teachers assembled in this 100! n, the daughter of my model teacher ; and , when I saw her,' I knew not whether to enf aim, 0 mater pulchra, filia pulcherior, or, OjSl lia pulchra, mater pulcherior I but I fi- Ballifc' said to myself, U mater et filia pul- i^ierMinuE!" Mis. Roe left three children : Harvey Hoo' mer, of 12 years; Minnie, aged 10, and AlTifjji Lucius, aged 8 years. In this connec tion,^ we cannot refrain from giving yet one tmttSf little characteristic note. " July 7, 1S56. My dear sister Augusta: * * * We intend to go to Pittsford the 28th, and, after spending a few days with Minnie W , come down to PouUney. I do not know what you will do with my troop (row ) of little Roes. Very affectionately, Marion." Mrs. Roe contributed to both volumes of our " Poets and Poetry of Vermont." Frotn a memorial volume published by her hus band, we make the following selection from her writings. " Home Scenes and Heart Tints : A Memorial of Mrs. Marion H. Roe: 12 mo., 208 pp.. New York ,- John F. Trow & Co., Printers, 40 Green Street, 1865." — A pleasant vol ume to the many friends of Mrs Roo. Ed. THE TWO HOMES. BT MARION H. ROE. I had a home, a pleasant home, ADd in that dear old hall, I was the merriest, gladdest thing, Tlie petted one of all. Now ill my own familiar room A stranger's face is seen, And other forms are at the board, Where I so oft have heen. And other hands attend my ilowera And feed my singing birds ; And other lingers sweep the lyre And others chant the words That ever at the twilight hoar My father loved to hear ; They had o'er rae a holy power They were to him so dear. He told me why he loved that lay ) It was my mother's hymn And she now joins the full-voiced choir With fiaming seraphim. I have a home — a lowly home, Where love stays all day lonj, And I no longer care to gain The pleasure-seeing throng. Nor would I, ifl could retrace My childhood's sunny track. Nor even for one moment call My haughty girlhood back. For I am very happy now Despite my orplianed lot, And tho' my heart still yearns for thoae Who cannot be forgot I glory in the noble one Beside whose steps I tread, And look with rapturous delight TJpon tho little head Ihat nestles in my bosom, and I thank my God above For His best earthly gift to me— This blessed human love. 1008 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. SKWINii ClKCLli] SONG. BY MAi;iCiN n. ROE. Sisterri tliero is work to do Si!W, 8i«ti'rfi, .Hcw ! Pi'osH the shilling neodln through, ?0W, HIStUlB, MHW I Wintry wind-, uph howling round ; Siiow-wriiiit lies the fmzen ground) Hunger liiin its victims found; Spw, eiHti'iH, 8ewl 'Tie no timo for idling now Sew, siHters, sew 1 Wo must brigliteu many a brow; Sew, Bi.stora, sewl Pain and care impioring stand; Siurving chiidren fttretcti the hand To our friendly »idter-baud; Sew, biaters, sl-w. Not in vain, we labor thua; Sew, flistere, sew I There's a rich rewiird for us ; Sew, sisters, sewl Garret high and dungeon dread, Baaement dim ahd dy-ing bed Pour their blessings on our bead; Sew, sisters, eew I SONG OF PEACE. BY MARION H. ROE. Thon art beautiful, 0, Peace; Thou comest like summer beams, Like the gluJ, golden hour Of plenty in her dreams, Lilt up thy holy voice. It may not be in vain ; The earth's bright page— the golden e May glad our world again ; Let us love — love on. Thou art beautiful, 0 Peace : Earth spreads a teeming store With blighter hopes of heaven A'ain man 1 what would ye more: Away with wiisting war, Away with ruffian might; A brother's hand without a brand Can guard a brother's right: Let U8 love — love on. Thou art beautiful, 0, Peace 1 The hour is coming fast When tho earth no more shall atart At the war-trumpet's blast When every man sliall sit Peneath his own flg-ti'eo. Content in mind that all mankind Are brothers— let it bo: Let us love on — love on. MAY DAY SONG. BT MARION U. ROB. May-day morning, bright and clear, May -.lay morn at last is here; ILiHto US to the woods aNvay, For 'tin nature's festal day. Choose our fairest and our boat, Crown her queen of all the rest, Kneel before her rural throne And her gentle sceptre own. Deck her with a crown more rare Than the tyrant's brow doth wear; Amarinth and myrtle vine Round her fair young brow entwine. 'Mid their emerald leaves weave in Diamonds of jessamine ; Sliame the turquois azure hue Witli the aweet wild violet's blue; Let the changeful opal be Zephyr's child, anemone; Rahy'e gleam and sapphire's light Dazzle not our May-queen's eight", Richer gems around her fall Pincked from nature's coronal; Fairer hues to her we bring, Firstlings ofthe blushing Spring; Strew with fragrant flowers her way, Crown her, hail her, Queen of May. BEAR BACK THE DEAD. BT REV. ALVA H. ROE, Bear back the dead to her childhood's hornet To her own — her dear Green Mountain land; Let the wild flower bloom on her hallowed tomb By Northern breezes gently fanned. Bear back the dead ! where her merry voice Rang clear and sweet as the spring bird's note; No more those tones will onr heart rejoice, Their music no more on the glad air float. Bear back the deadl where the shadows fall Of learning's loved and honored ahrine, Where long she bent her earnest soul To gather gems from wisdom's mine. Bt-ar back the dead I to that sacred fane Where faith's first spark to Lite waa fanned; Where her young heart caught, 0, not in vain ! " Glad tidings" of "the better land." Bear back the dead I where her troth was plight Mliere she gave in trust her band, With love that grew each day more bright, Till perfect mid the heavenly laud. Bear back the dead! in peace to reat , Her work is well aud nobly done ; Now free in mansions of the bleat, She weai-s the crown the cross hath won. Bear back the dead ! where the loved and true Will gather round her cherished grave. Where memory's tear will its turf bedew, Aud bid sweet flowerets o'er it wave. Bear back the dead I where the scattered band, Who lived in the light of hor earnest love. Pilgrims may come fVom a weary land. Hoping reunion iu the realms above. * Written upon the occasion of the removaLof remains to Poultney. Once when visiting her, Roe showed us a cantata written by herself and band together for their school. It appeared as the duction of one pen. She said that she and her band frequently wrote an article in verse togethei that sometimes afterwards thoy themaelves could "^^ not toll which part each had written, so like each to c eiach, their style, both in thought and rythm, two h ^jirpa with but one chord. her hQ8- hni- te"- RUTLAND. 1009 EUTLAND. CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 1770. EUTLAND 1870. Centennial Celebration of the Settlement of Rutland, Vt, October 2d, 3d, ith and bth, 1870, including the Addresses, Historical Papers^ Poems. Responses at the Dinner Table, etc. Compiled by Chauncy K. Wil liams. Rutland: Tuttle & Co., Printers, 1870. OFFICEES OF THE CELEBEATION. William Y. Eipley, President ; Vice-Presi dents, John B. Page, Francis Slason, John Cain, Luther Daniels, James Mc Connell, H. Hen-y Baxter, John Prout, Edwin Edgerton, Thomaa T. Ormsbee, Lorenzo Sheldon, James Barrett, Charles Clement, Azor Capron, Wil liam Y. W. Eipley; Chauncy K. Williams, Recording Secretary ; Henry Hall, Corres ponding Secretary ; Henry F. Field, Treas urer ; Edward H. Eipley, Chief Marshal ; Levi Q. Kingsley, John A. Salsbury, E. M. Cross, Assistant Marshals. In the month of July, 1870, by notice, signed by several citizena and published in the Eutland Daily Herald, a meeting was called, which was largely attended and re sulted in the determination to celebrate the Centennial Anniversary of the settlement of Entland and in the choice of a Committee of arrangements. This Committee organized by the election of William Y. Eipley, Chairman, Chauncy K. Williams, Eecording Secretary, and Henry Hall, Corresponding Secretary, and appointed from their own number au Executive Com mittee of thirteen, to whom they committed all the details of the celebration. Tbe Executive Committee consisted of Wil liam Y. Eipley, President ; Chauncy K. Wil liams, Eecording Secretary ; Henry Hall, Corresponding Secretary ; John Cain, Lorenzo Sheldon, Ben K. Chase, Horace H. Dyer, John M. Hall, Levi G Kingsley, George C. Hathaway, Henry E. Dyer, William Gil more, and' William Y. W. Eipley. The following circular was issued by tbe General Committee, and by the Sub-Com mittee of Eeception and Invitation. EUTLAITD CENTENIflAL CELEBRATION. To the former Residents of Rutland, Vt, and their descendants : You are hereby cordially invited to attend and participate in the celebration of tbe cen tennial anniversary of the first settlement of Eutland, to be held the 2d, 8d, 4th aud 5th days of October next. The order of exer cises will be substantially aa follows, viz. Sunday Evening, Oct. 2d. — Sermon by the Rev. John Todd, D. D,, of Pittsfield Mass., with appropriate music. Monday Oct. Sd. — Reception of Guests. In the evening. Old Folks' Concert, at the Opera Hall, in ancient costume, witb ancient music, vocal and instrumental. Tuesday Oct. ith — Visit to the Quarries and other places of interest. In the evening. Address by Henry Hall. Subject: "The Early History of Eutland." Address by Chauncy K. Williams. Subject : " The Ecclesiastical History of Eutland." Wednesday Oct. 5th. — Forenoon. Proces sion. Oration by Rev. James Davie Butler, LL. D., of Madison, Wisconsin. Poem by Mrs. Julia C. R. Dorr. Dinner in the pavil ion. Afternoon— Toasts, responses, addresses, anecdotes, biographies, etc. Evening — Fireworks, Promenade, Concert. It is desirable to know if your attendance is probable. Ancient documents and relics gladly received. WILLIAM Y. RIPLEY, President CHAUNCY K. WILLIAMS, Rec. Sec. HENRY HALL, Cor. Sec. The opening services connected with the Centennial Celebration of the settlement of Rutland took place at the Congregational Church, Sunday evening, Oct. 2, 1870. At an early hour the people began to assemble from all sections of the town, and from the neighboring towns, until the Church was filled long before the services commenced. At least 1500 persons were seated in the au dience room. In the arch, in the rear of the pulpit, were the figures 1770 — 1870, wrought in evergreens. The former, trimmed with stars of white, emblematic of the past, and the latter with stars of red, emblematic of the active present. On the table, in front, were beautiful bouquets ; others were distri buted about the desk, and rare plants deco rated the pulpit, giving an agreeable and! cheerful appearance. Among these was par ticularly noticeable a " Century Plant," »¦ beautiful reminder of the Century the com pletion of which was to be commemorated. At 7} o'clock the services commenced with the rendering of a voluntary by the choir, accompanied by the childrea occupying the balcony, near to the orchestra. Rev. James Davie Butler, LL. D., of Mad ison, Wisconsin, a native of the town, read Psalm cxxii. 1010 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. " I was glad when they eaid unto me. Let us go into the house of the Lord. Our feet shall stand within thy gates, 0 Jerusalfem." The hymn was sung : " Lift up your heads eternal gates I " &c. Prayer was offered by ReV. Aldace Walker, D. D., of Wallingford, formerly for many years the honored pastor of the Congregation al Church in the West parish, and the hymn sung " Come sound his praise abroad," &o. The venerable Rev. John Todd., D. D., of Pittsfield, Mass., native of Eutland, then delivered an eloquent discourse. EXTEAOTS FKOM DE. TODd's SEHMOK. You are aware, my friends, that your beautiful town, lying under the shadows of the Green Mountains, far above the tide waters — now just one hundred years old — famed far its beautiful scenery — ^the quiet home of intelligence, refinement, and all that makes life pleasant, is destined very fast to lose its old appearance and change its charac ter. Enterprise has pushed husiness itito it ; wealth has been sleeping under your fields, waiting only for skill and labor to come with the mallet and the chisel and awaken it into beautiful forms, and it is fast becoming a new thing. The clTrysalis state between a quiet town and a city is fast developing into a city — in name as well as in reality. I want to take this occasion, of the birth day of the town, to recall to your minds what the gospel has, through this and similar towns, done for the world, and lead your thoughts to look on the fact that her« is a, Christian mountain town, which, for one century, has been throwing out its in fluence — one town among the hundreds of similar ones in New England. I invite your thoughts to tbe sacred words, " Tbe moun taina shall bring peace to the people.'' * * Men have always loved mountains. Per haps the reason is to be found in our natural love for what is grand, mysterious, solitary and unknown, We all know that there is no rank vegetation on their sides to decay, and, therefore, the air that plays around tlisir tops is pure ; that the streams that come from their heights, tinkling like the sound of golden balls in a silver cup, are so clear tbat they remind us of the river of life ; that the little lakes and reservoirs hid in the recesses of the mountains are the head-waters of fertility and beauty, as they grow into rivers ; that every particle of the hard rock which' the lichen gnaws out, rolls down to fertilize the land ; that the mountains are the physical sources of peace, the barriers of invasion frois hostile armies, and thus bring "peace to the people ;" and we know they are sources of peace in a moral nense, in that the human mind cannot but feel the effects of their Idfty grandeur, — the -passions bushed in their soli tudes and silence. The last people Wilh whom yon would want to measure physical strength, or meet in battle, would be men who. from infancy, have breathed the moun tain air. And in the intellectual and moral battles of li.fe, they fall behind none. * * Bnt our text looks to something higher yet. The mouat^ns where the Prophet saw, were gilded by tbe light oif the latter day, and they became ennobled as does everything which the light toacbes. ¦«¦ « * The tendency of the Gospel is to raise and dignify small things, so that the little chest, called the ark, shall be held in everlasting remembrance — so that the soiled and weary feet coming over the mountains to bring peace, shall " be teautifol" — so tbat a cross of wood shall be more honored than all tho carvings of art — se that the volume contain ing God's words shall be the book of the hu man race. You will not then deem me per verting that text, if I lead your minds at ibis time to consider tbe blessings which the Gospel conveys to the world by and through a sin:;le mountain town. Many of our New England towns are one hundred years old at least. Many of our western towns are fifty years old^-others not half of that ; but the time will come, when all this will be called the early history of our country, and all these cities and villages will seem to have been built at the same time, and the whole country settled together. What are a few centuries in a nation's life? Go back a century — when the white man plunged tremblingly into the forest, and came to the spot where the beautiful town now stands. His first object is to find a spring of water — near which he is to erect his little log cabin. There are no roads but the trail >of the Indian. There are no neighbors — no for ests yet cut down, no flelds sown, no mills to grind his food or aaw his lumber ; no trading post where he may relieve aVfant; no phy sician when he is sick ; no school for his child; no property Ijy which he can supply hia -ne- RUTLAND. 10 VI cessities. . . . When he buries his dead, he himself must make the-coffin, dig his grave, and withottt a bell to toll or u, minister to offer a prayer, he must -ha-ff the dead under the tall tree. The pioneer must struggle with poverty, take nature in the rough, let sun- Shine into his house and heart by his own in dustry and struggles. His food is tbe plain est, his dress is the simplest, his home the most humble, and the only thing that cheers him is hope that his children will reap the benefit of all ihis self-denial. But the poor man brought his Bible with him, his educa tion with him, his shrewdness with him, and his brawny arm and cheerful courage. He must live and die poor. But the light of the Gospel shines upon the first dwelling that is reared, and that becomes a controling power in all the future histoiy of the town. Go there a century after this. That beginning has become a mighty power. The same old mountains lift themselves up there, but the forests afe gone, the pleasant roads and bridges are all built, and a town, growing, thriving, prosperous, is there. The fields are under high culture, the meadows glow with beauty, and the town sits like a queen crown ed with a wreath of beauty, . . . The Christian home now stands where the bear lay down a century ago. Property is power, and property is the daughter ot in dustry. The people own the land ^in fee- simple, and till it with free labor. . . - By this time, the town is surrounded by a cor don of similar towns. . . . One town acts npon another ; make an improvement in one, . . . and you electrify all that surround you. . . Each town is a little Eepublic by itself, and the most perfect Re public in the world. Public sentiment set tles everything, and these sister-towns slot afld re-act upon each other as diamonds are ,polished by diamonds. . . . Rear a beautiful church, or any other per fect edifice here and you will have men come irom all parts of the land to view the model. Eaise np a skillful surgeon here, and his .fame will be known over half the continent. .Educate an :eloq.uent preacher here, and hun dreds of churches will be turning their eyes .towards hijn. Manufacture any one perfect article here, and it will go over the world, i ¦• . . Jilake a model school, or strike out[ .in any ..direction in .that which is valuable to| .the world, and yoar town becopies .a power, . Scores of towns feel the la-flu&noe, and w,h,ile they may envy you, are very sure to imi tate you. . . . It is in these mountain towns that we loojc for strength, for defenders, when it is neces sary to^appeal to arms, and for defenders of education, morals, religion, and all that.beau- tifies humanity. These are the :begt speei- mana of republicanism we have, a,nd these are the true models of republics ; and on these the great Republic of the world rests. *¦»*¦**¦ -x- Another way by which " the mountaina bring peace to the people," is by the men who are educated in these towns, .and then emigrate all over the land and the world. . ,. We may dig out the marble and the iron with which ,our hills are stored; we may send the products of our machinery .and spin dles even into the deserts of Afdqa ; we may lay the ends of the earth under'.contribution for w,hat we make, but tbis is not .the peace that " the mountains bring to the people." Our glory is the men that ,we raise, the. char acter we send forth, the influence .that w.e diffuse, the power that we impress .upon oth er little communities a,ll over ,our country, and, indeed, all over the world. * * * They come dowu upon the .people as rain upon themown grass, in the form of educa tors and teachers, physixiians, merchants, and lawyers and judges, and legislators,, and Sab bath School teachers, and preachers ,of the gospel. •* « * My dear friends, — ^^just seventy years ago, wanting one week, there was a male child born ;in your village. He ,was. carried .away in the arms of his father, while ,an infant ; he was, at a very early day, left an orphan — he has battled with poverty and diflicul ties ; he early laid himself on he altar of God, to live for the good of humanity ; he has seen many sorrows, but more joys; he has labored in his poor way, and with such talents as God .gave hira with his might ; but. Oh ! the sheaves he has been per;m.itt8d..tp lay at the feet of the Master have been too few ; the good he has accomplished has beeu too small ; the zeal with which he has toiled. has bee.ji too cold; but though he can bring you but a few withered leaves to-night, he is grateful for the privilege of greeting you in your bigli prosperity, rejoicing with you in what your town has done for humanity, and though on ly claiming to be one of the humblest sons 1012 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. whom you have sent out, gives thanks to God for the honor which no other man can ever have — that of preaching the first Cen tennial sermon that can ever be preached in Rutland. The concluding prayer was oS'ered by Rev. James Davie Butler, the hymn, " From all that dwell below the skies, Ac.,'' read by Bev. James Gibson Johnson, pastor of the Congre gational church, sung by choir and con gregation, and the congregation dismissed with benediction by Rev. Dr. Todd. SECOND DAT. Long before the appointed hour of 8 o'clock, p. M., the Opera House was filled to hear the addresses of Henry Hall, Esq., on the " Early History of Rutland," and of Chauncy K. Williams, Esq., on the " Ecclesiastical History of Eutland." The band played ; and the president of the occasion, Wm. Y. Eipley, Esq., introduced Eev. B. M. Hall, who ofi'er ed a prayer. The president said that, as his voice would be inaudible to most of the hearers, he had prepared a few words of welcome, and would have them read. Gen. W. Y. W. Eipley took the paper and read the address of welcome. Ladies and Gentlemen : It has been thought fit on this the hundredth anniversary of tbe settlement of our good old to-sfn of Eutland, to celebrate the event by inviting all the na tives and former residents who have gone out from among us, with their descendants and our other friends, to meet us on this occasion. We thank you for your presence. We wel come you most cordially to our hearths and to our homes. We welcome you to the scenes of your former joys and your former trials. We welcome you to the banks of the Otter, to the shadows of Killington and Pico. We welcome you to the green hills of Vermont, and though you wul witness many sad changes, and miss many ofthe old landmarks and the familiar faces of loved and dear friends, we trust you will find many changes for the better, and hope that on the recurrence of tho second centennial anniversary of the settlement of our town your great-grandchil dren's children may, with the bles.sing of a good Providence, meet our great-grandchil- aren's children under the folds of our na tional banner, spangled with an hundred stars, with our constitution unimpaired, with just and equal laws honestly administered, citizens of the freest, the happiest and the beat country on the globe. We again greet you with a hearty and a cordial welcome. Henry Hall being introduced to the audi ence, addressed them as' follows : THE EAELT HISTOET OF BUTLAND. On the 2d day of July, 1776, the old Contin ental Congress voted unanimously In favor of National Iiidepeudflnce. John Adams, attrib uting to this vote the importance wliich the world has since appropriated to the renowned Declaration of Independence, adopted, two days later, wrote to bis wife, on the 3d day of July as follows : "The 2d day of July, 1776, will be tbe most memorable epooh in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival It ought to be eommemorated by sol emn acts of devotion to Almighty God. It ought to be solemnized witb pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illuminations, from one end of this contin ent to the other, from this time forward forev ermore." This notable prophecy expresses the Anglo- Saxton idea of patriotic celebrations: first, gratitude lo Heaven ; next, jubilant j'oyous- ness. Our national character adds another fea ture, viz. speechifying — sometimes spread-eagle bombast, sometimes commanding eloquence. Town anniversaries add two other features, viz. social family visiting and local historic sketches. Eutland rejoices in a name illustrious with the ducal coronet — the highest rank of a sub ject — a name that has for ages flashed along tho page of history, in the drama, on the bat- tle-flold, and In tbe councils of a great nation — a name that was time-honored before William the Conqueror crossed the English Channel. Different governments, at different times, claimed the riglit to rale orer our hills and val leys. Once, ere Rutland was, the lilies of Prance floated supreme on Lake Champlain, asserting and exercising sovereignty over tfce soil watered by the tributaries of that Lake. For several years the early settlers of Rutland looked fondly to the Lion and the Uinioorn as the banner of their pride : for several years these early settlers shared with England the honor of calling Sliakspeare and Milton fellow- countrymen. For 1 3 years Rutland owned and rendered fealty and alleglanoe only to the ban nered pine of Termont. And when the Stars and Stripes, Hall Columbia and Yankee Doo dle properly beoame a part of our inheritance, Rutland was 21 years old, and her population 3450. During the old colonial wars, no white man dwelt within our borders. During our four great national wars, Eutland bore the banner RUTLAND. 1013 of freedom fiill high uplifted against foreign foe and domestic traitor, on many a fierce fleld, firom the walls of Quebec to the/ halls of Mon ¦ tezuma. Once Rutland was famoua for its pipe-clay and linseed oil — to-day Eutland sends her mar ble westward and southward beyond the grave of De Soto, and eastward to the land of Colum bus and Galileo, of Raphael and Michael An gelo. Rutland seems a young town ; yet she has a newspaper tbat rivals the London Times in age. Rutland is the grave of tha grandfa ther of one of the nation's greatest' thinkers, Ealph Waldo Emerson. Rutland has been the bome of eminent men : Nathaniel Chipman, one of the ablest lawyers and statesmen of New England ; his brother Daniel eminent as a lawyer, pre-eminent for con versational power ; John A. Graham, tho first lawyer loeated in Rutland — ^half dandy, half humbug, yet with talent enough to attain no toriety In England and eminence in New Tork — Jesse Buel, the founder of the Albany Cul- tirator; Tliomas Green Fessenden, the bearer to England of Rutland's great philosophical blunder. From a London prison he sent forth his Hudlbrastie poem; he founded the New . England Farmer, and was the friend of Haw thorne. John Mattocks, the unlearned but ca pable and eccentric judge ; Samuel Williams, the studious philosopher and dignified histori an ; Gov. Israel Smith, so successful in life, so sad near death ; Charles El Williams, so able, so learned, so uncorruptrble, so charming in conversation, so kind and wise a friend in council ; James Davie Butler, the mechanic, the Kerehant, the scholar, the wit; 'the great land holder, the energetic, the enterprising Moses Strong, who, it is claimed, married a descend ant of Cotton Mather-, the shrewd and capable Robert Pierpoint, descended from a favorite of ficer of William the Conqueror ; the very able Eobert Teinple, of the same family as Lord Palmerston-i-like Gen. Mc Clellan, a descendant rf Gov. Bradford of tbe Mayflower — also a de scendant of the good Godlva, wife of the Mer cian Earl Leofric, the Saxon king-maker, one ¦ thousand years ago; George T. Hodges, the cautious, successful merchant, polished in his manners and prudent in his habits; William Page, the diligent attorney, the safe and up right cashier; Walter Colton, the popular au thor, the Herald to Christendom of the discov ery of California gold; Jamea Meacham, the lovable man, the eloquent preacher ; Edgar L, Ormsbee, brilliant with thought, the pioneer of marble and railroad enterprise ; Solomon Foot, the prosperous politician, the president of con ventions and senates ; James Porter, the good physician ; Jesse Gove, the gentlemanly and genial clerk ; Rodney C. Eoyce, the popular young lawyer ; Gershom Cheney, John Bug gies, Edward Dyer, Avery BiUings, Samuel Griggs, Benjamin Blanchard, tbe Meads, Chal- tertons, Reynolds, Purdys, Sheldons, Smiths, Reeds, Mc Connells, Barnes, Greens, Kelleys, Thralls, William Fay, Charies Burt, Benjamin Lord, Nichols Goddard, Nathan Osgood, Os- goods, Greenes, Farmers, and hosts of other noble citizens. Nearly a century and a half ago, Rutland was the focus of Indian travel. Otter Creek to the north. Otter Creek to the south, Castle ton River to tbe west, Cold River to the east, indicate the most convenient routes for travel or freight from Lake Champlain to Fort Dum mer. Massachusetts sold her goods at Fort Dummer cheaper than the French sold in Can - ada ; hence a brisk trade across our State. In 1730 James Coss and 12 Caughnawaga Indians arrived here in 7 days from Fort Dummer, com ing by way of Black River, Plymouth Ponds and Cold River. They reach Otter Creek Sun day evening. May 3, 1730. Monday they made canoes. They were thus employed, when a squaw, left behind the- day before, rejoined them with a newly bom papoose ou her back. Tuesday it r^ned. Wednesday they rowed 35 miles down Otter Creelc Coss' journal men tions the two falls iu this town, without com ment. He calls Otter Creek black and deep, and praises the soil Probably this was not the first visit of a white man to Rutland; for, in King Williams' wars soldiers passed from Mas sachusetts to the Lake ; but it is the first where we are able to identify the man and the time. The French and Indian wars sweep the In dian trade of Massachusetts out of existence. And now, instead of canoes laden with furs, tallow and goods, the war paint, tomahawks, scalplng-knives, muskets, swords, British and French uniforms gleam through the foliage, all along our borders, from the roaring Winooski to the swift rushing, arrowy Wantastlquet. In dian raid and English scout pass and repass the mountain gorges. In 1748 sixty scouts came over from Black River — forty go down Otter Creek on the east side, and soon repass the mountains; twenty go north on the west side of Otter Creek, im prudently expose themselves to the enemy at 1014 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Crown Point, are swiftly pursued up Otter Creek, and down West River, and when thrown ofl" their guard by being near home, they are ter ribly defeated in Windham county. Many a poor captive passes through our town to sufi'er for years ia Canada. How ab sorbing is our interest in the trials and hard ships endured by the captives, Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Ilowe I The grandfather of President Labaree was a fellow-captive with Mrs. John son. This party dined in Rutland, at the junc tion of East and Otter Creeks— the principal diet being sausages made of bear's meat. In the year 1759 Rutland saw bravo sights: 800' New Hampshire troops, with axe, shovel and hoe, cntting down trees and leveling hum mocks, making a road from Charlestown, X.H., along Black River and Otter Creek, to Crown Point, N. Y., — crossing Otter Creek at Centre Rutland — soon after 400 fat cattle, in five droves, going over this new road to diminish the scurvy at CroWn Point. Toward the last of November came Major Rogers and his sur- viving heroes, nearly 100 in number. They had been absent from Crown Point 2 months ; they had destroyed that great pest to New England, the Indian village of St. Francis, ob the St. Lawrence, near Three Rivers; they had been pursued by superior numbers, sbot at and starved ; they had recruited at Charles town, and now were returning along' the new military road to Crown Point, the headquarters of Gen. Amherst. The ancestors of Chatrles Burt, Joel Beaman and Rev. Drs. Charles and Aldace Walker and others, went over this road, or Its predecessor, the old Indian path, during the Colonial wars. When, at lengtli, the Englisli fiag fioats in triumph from Florida to the St, Lawrence, the New England soldiers remember tbe fertile soil,. the valuable trees and the convenient water- privileges that so abounded in the Green Monn tain territory. And although New York bad, in 1760, put forward a claim to this Slate, yet, in 1761, New Hampshire issued 60 charters for towns In Vermont. The charter of Rutland was dated the 7lh day of September, 1761 ; it Is now extant in fifteen pieces; It cost about $ 100; it was pro cured by Col. Josiah Willard of Winchester, N. H. The flrst named grantee is John Mur ray, an Irishman, the principal citizen of Rut land, Mass., and the man, probably, that named this town. The grantees are chiefly of New Hampshire — none of thom ever lived here ; among them wore the captives, Mrs. Johnson and Mrs. Howe ; and the familfef names Of Bardwell, Hawks; Willard, Stone, Arms stiA Field. The grantees claimed that- the Charter was granted to them "as a reward f ing the cows, far in the rear of the others, lost their way. Before wandering far they found the house of Simeon. Jenny, a noted Yorker and Tory, He showed them where to go. The third evening they cainped on the presr ent farm of Robert Chapman, in Clarendon ; but a warm supper, the browsing of the horses, tha moonlight glittering on frosty foliage and snow draped earth, cheer them on to finish their jour ney before sleeping. Late in the evening, oa foot, on horseback and In tbe sleigh, they reach their log house. But this building has no roof, and it ia too near the Creek : snow, water, ice, and cold make it unavailable. Near by, on a more elevated site, is a, wig-; warn, with perhaps nine, or ten Caughnawaga Indians around a cosy fire. Mead applies to, share the wigwam. The Indiana shake their heads, talk Indian, then rising and throwing their hands apart, they cry, "Welcome! Wel come!" gather up their traps, abandon their hut to the pale faces, and quickly build another for themselves. So on the 16th of March, lt>21, Samoset enters the village of Plymouth and cries, "Welcome, Englishman! Welcome, Eng lishman ! " In tliat wigwam the Mead family lived until late in the Pall , when they built a substantial log house, iu which they wintered. As early as May, 1770, Thomas Rowley waa In Rutland, surveying lots. In the year 1770 three children were bom in Rutland. The first of the Anglo Saxton race, whose mani fest destiny it was to be born in Rutland, waa William Powers, son of Simeon Powers, a cooper from Springfield, Vt. This birih occur red Sept. 23, 1770'.' The second child born in town was Capt. William Mead, who died a few years since in Granville, Ohia He was tha son of James Mead, and was born one dfiy lat er than Powers, The third child was Chloe Johnson, daughter of Asa Johnaon, from Wil. liamstown, Mass. She was born Oct. 3, 1770 ^these flrst three births oociirring within ten. days of each other. .Simeon Poweis, hia wife Lydia, and their first-born child had settled, in the spring of 1770, west of Otter Creek, on the preaent Kel- lev farm. In the •¦ )l William Dwinell and wife 1016 VEEMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. came and lived with his relative Powers. — These four families, Meads, Powers, Dwinells and Johnsons, are the only white persons pos itively known to have lived in Rutland in 1770, although the surveyor Rowley's record shows a clearing " by one Brockway." Thus the population of the town in the FaU was about two dozen. It is said that a few days before the birth of William Powers, his mother and others were upset iu a boat on Otter Creek, a short distance above Centre Rutland Palls. She fioated down near the brink of the Falls, where she caught hold of a slippery log, and held on tiU she was rescued. In 1870 Rutland has 2000 families and 10, 000 inhabitants. The cash value of the town is several millions of dollars. In 1770 the best land sold for a few cents an acre : there was not a wagon or bridge in the town : Mead kept a boat each side of Otter Creek, at Centre Rutland : there was scarcely any land fitted for plowing. Trent and venison were plenty, grain scarce — no gristmill nearer than Skenesborough (now Whitehall) and Ben nington : Mead had an iron hand-mill that ground corn coarse. Wild ducks, butternuts, wild ber ries, shad plums, maple sugar and fowl abound ed. Nor may we disdain to mention two social companions, parting presents to the Meads from their Manchester friends, viz. -. a cat, and a lap-dog rejoicing in the name of "Fancy." Thus far we have condensed or omitted his tory. Now we can only index our materials. In 1771 New York granted a charter of So cialborough, in direct violation of the King's order. Again, Cockburn, tho Scotch surveyor, is here ; he surveys the road, now Main Street ; Mead and Johnson stop him — men, dre.ssed as Indians, threaten liim, and he leaves. In 1772 Rutland sends a delegate lo the Manchester convention, aud the convention sends delegjites to England. In 1773 Rutland had 35 families, a clergyman conies, a log meetinghouse Is built, » church is formed with 14 members — 4 out of town, 2 from the wost side of the towu, nnd 8 from the east. In 1774 the will of Danlol Harris is mado — a will that, cre ating an estate tall roused Vermont with law doolrinos that havo so often shaken Westmin ster Hall. In that year New York condemned two Riitlanders to death without trial, and Rhode Island sent two men to encourage em igration from Rutland lo Slierburne. In 1775 Rutland sent soldiers to capture Ticonderoga, and the selge of Quebec. During the Revolu tionary war Rutland furnished Bowker, the president of the State conventions — had two forts and two militia companies, over eighty taxable inhabitant3( and two representativea to each session of the Legislature ; the land of three Tories was confiscated, and the town was honored by a visit from the illustrious Kosciusco, the Washington of Poland. In 1786 an anti-court mob, a miniature Shay's rebellion, reeled throngh our streets, and the courts of jusiice were paralyzed. In October, 1804, tbe seventh and last Legislature met in Rutland, in the midst of a violent snow-storm. And now abruptly we close our theme. To some, all study of the past is useless antiqua- rianism. To the servant of the great Hebrew prophet It seemed that be and his master stood alone, begirt with a vast host of beleaguering foes. The Lord opened his eyes, and now the mountain sides are flashing and burning with horses of fire and chariots of fire round about Elisha. So the patriot, musing o'er his coun try's history, bears the rustling wings and sees the angelic forms hovering and stooping to bless the people who remember and honor tho ECCLESIASnCAI, HISTOBT OP BUTLAKD. There are certain times, seasons, perioda and events which always, to a thinking mind, present peculiar claims to our thoughtful atten tion. Such, for instance, is the termination of the old year, and tbecomencementof the new. If so with years, much more so with centuries and half centuries. The Mosaic law required that they should "hallow the fiftieth year, and pioclaim liberty throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof; it shall be a jubilee unto you" (Lev. xxv: 10.) In compli- ,\nce with this command during that dispensa tion, and ever since down to the present time^ centuries have formed divisions for man, and the lapse of their principal and ordinary divisions or parts has been marked with peculiar emphasis. From this naturally come our Centennial and senii-Centennial celebra tions. It is not, as many profess to think, an idle and unmeaning custom and ceremony. It has its seat and birthplace in the heart of each and all of us, and is a part of our very human nature. We and our children delight to celebrate with appropriate ceremonies our birthdays — as we now propose to celebrate the birthday of our town and community. Such customs and celebrations form landmarks to connect those of us who, by the blessing of RUTLAND. 1017 God are permitted to be now here present, both with those who reduced the wilderness to fertile plains and flourishing villages, and to those who wil! succeed, us in the responsi bilities which devolve npon every citizen who is worthy of the name of citizen, to sustain those municipal and religious institu tions, without which all would be confusion and anarchy. It would be appropriate, pleasant and instructive, if upon this occasion, standing ia a room dedicated to music, and occupied as a.place of religious worship by oue of, if not the youngest, of the churches and religious societies in the town, I could spend the few moments allotted me in speaking of the dif- erence and changes from and belween 1770 and 1870, and of tie lessons taught aud du ties devolved upon us by the changed situation of affairs. When we contrast these two distant periods of time, and remember that what was then, to use a threadbare expression, a " howl ing wilderness," now cultivated fields, then a barren waste, now large and thriving villages then a pathless forest, now cut up and gridironed by railways, then the hut and wig wam of the Indian, now magnificent public and private buildings, then the only religious worship was that of t-he simple Indian, and his only church or temple was the vast and uncovered forest, now in costly churches, built with the best architectural skill, with spire pointing heavenward — and in the inte rior, furnished with seats splendidly uphol stered, chandeliers and all that wealth, art and ' skill can contribute to render it rich and at tractive to the eye, luxurious to the mind, and pleasing in every respect. But I must forbear, and leave these pleasing and instructive topics to other, abler and worthier hands. The few minutes allotted to me this evening will not more than suffice to give in the briefest possible manner the historical and biographical data andfacts connected with some fourteen different churches or religious societies and organiza tions, and of their numerous pastors, so far as it may be proper and my limited time and the material at hand may present. It may be proper here to remark that in the minds of the first settlers of this country, and more par ticularly those of New England, although they abhorred the idea of any connection between Church and State, yet, after all, in some'respeots, the matters of civil and religious polity were intimately connected. They emigrated mainly from religious motives, or, as they themselves expressed it, to "carry forward the reforma tion." It was manifest to them that religioua freedom could not exist without civil liberty, and itwas equally manifest to them that civil liberty, or any government short of anarchy could not exist unless it was founded and formed upon the corner-stone of religion and religious worship. Hence the first thing done was to lay the foundation and establish a form of civil government. This done, then they commenced to make provision for the support of public Worship and for the enjoyment of Christian institutions and ordinances. This was also true of Vermont In Bennington which is the oldest of our chartered towns, in the records of their first proprietors' meeting, the first act after the election of officers was the appointment of a "committee to look out a place to set the meeting house." The same is true of the early settlers of Eutland. All through the early records of the town will ba found votes in reference to the employment of preachers, providing places of public wor ship, and kindred aubjects. To show the na ture of these votes, we give the record of tha town meeting of January 4th, 1781 : Voted, That Mr. Gideon Miner, John John son and Joseph Bowker, Esq., act as a com mittee to endeavor to provide a preacher of the Gospel for this town. "Voted, That the above committee apply to Mr. Mitchell of Woodbury as preacher aforesaid. "A motion being put, to know whether it was t-he minds of the town to settle a minister as soon as they can find one that they can be agreed ou, it was voted in tbe affirmative." It is to be regretted that the records of the transactions of our fathers for the first years of the settlement of the town are not extant, so that we could, on this occasion, give tha first votes and action in relation to this sub ject, for we doubt not that we should find here, as elsewhere, that this was among the earliest things acted upon. THE OOHOBEOATIONAMST OHtlRCH. The proper ecclesiastical history of Eutland may be said to have begun in 1773, when, on the 20th day of October, the first Congrega tional church and society, waa formed in Eutland, with fourteen members, namely • Joseph Bowker, Sarah Bowker, William Eoberts, Eben Hopkins, Samuel Crippen, 1018 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Daniel Hawley, Charles Brewster, Abraham Jackson, John Moses, Enos Ives, Jehiel An drews, Sarah Andrews, Annah Ives and Me hitable Andrews. Over this church was settled the Eev. Ben ajah Boots. This was the tenth church in the State, the second west of the Green Mountains, and tho first in the county of Eutland. [Wo here omit a generous sketch of Eev. Mr. Roots, having a more complete biography prepared for our work by the Eev. Aldace Walker, so loug Congregationalist pastor at West Rutland.] Eev. Lemuel Haynes, successor of Mr. Boots, in his day and generation, v/as one of the most remarkable men in Vermont. Fifty years hence it may be, and probably will be, difficult to apprehend the difficult position in which not ouly he, but also the people of that parish were placed iu employing such a clergyman to miuister unto them. Mr. Haynes was a partially colored man, his fa ther being of unmingled African axtraction, and his mother a white woman. * * -* [See biographical department that follows the general histo*y for sketch of Mr. Haynes. — Ed.] He was succeeded by Eev. Amos Drury, who was born at Pittsford in 1792. and studied theology with Rev. Josiah Hopkins of New Haven, aud also at the Auburn Theological Seminary. He was ordained at West Eutland June 3, 1819, and dismissed in April, 1829. On the Oth of May following (1S29) he was installed pastor of the Congregational church jit Fairhaven, where he remained until the 26th of April, 1837, when he was dismissed, and, June 29, 1837, he was instaUed over the jongregational church at We.slhampton, Mass. He was succeeded by tha Eev. Lucius Lin.«6y Tilden, who was born in Cornwall in 1802 and graduated at Middlebury College in 1823 and, after ejiending some time in teaching, he comnienced the study of tlieology at Andover Theologic.^l Seminary, whoro he graduated and was settled over this church in March, 1830, and dismissed in March, IS,!!). He was succeeded by the Eov. Aldace Walk er, D. D., who was ordained and installed, Dec. 30, 1,810, and was dismissed in 1862. He re mains with us to the present day, miuistering in holy things to the people of our neighbor ing town of Wallingford, where he was set tled or commenced to labor in 1862. Next to Eev. Dr. Aldace Walker, came the I Rev. Henry M. Grout,, a graduate of Williamj College, iu the class of 1854, who waa ordained. Sept. 1, 1858, and installed on the 26th of Aug., 1862., He removed to Massachusetts in 1867, and was followed by the Eev. George L. Gleason, who was ordained, Feb. 1, 1866, and installed at West Eutland, Oct. 17, 1867, and dismissed on the 22d of March, 1869. Tli» present pastor of the church ia the Eev. James E, Bourne, who was ordained pastor of tha church, Jan 12, 1870. On the 22d of October, 1787, the towa, was divided into two parishes, by the follow ing bounds or division line: 'Beginning at tha center of the north line of said town, thence parallel with the east and west lines of the town till it strikes the Otter Creek, thence up the Creek, as the stream runs, to the south line." The church in the east parish was estab lished Oct. 5, 1788, with 37 members. Eev. Mr. Ball makes a minute, in what is now the first volume of their church records, found by him when he came here (in 1797) was a short note on tha back of a confess ion of faith, signed by Augustine Hilbted, moderator, giving an account of the estab lishing of the church, in which Pittsford, West Eutland and Poultnay wilh their mem bers assisted — aud that the church was estab lished "upon the plan of the Convention of the West District of Vermont, which was supposed to ba agreeable to the Gospel." They did not however adopt all of the arti cles of said convention, but made one or two exceptions. During the preacliing of Dr. WilUams "the half way corenaui," as it was oaUed, was adopted, bui discontinued in 1767, as Dr. Ball says, because "it was sup posed to be unwarrantable and defective." The pulpit Wiis supplied by different candi dates till near the close of Lheyear 1788, whea Piev. Samuel WUliams, LL. D.,was emjiloyed. He continued to supply the pulpit untU Oc tober, 1793, when he relinquished preaching, and was succeeded by Rev. Heman BaU, D.D. Since tbe death of Dr. BaU there have been five pastors — Eev. Charles Walker, Ear. Wil liam Mitchell, Eev. Silas Aiken, D. D., Eev. Norman Seaver, D. D., aad Eev. James Gib son Johnson. Rev. Heman Ball, D.D., son of Charles, BaU, was boru in Springfield, Mass., July 5, 1764, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1791, He studied theology with the Eev. Joseph EUTLAND. 1019 Lathrop, D. D., of West . Springfield, Mass., and was ordained pastor of the Congregation al church here, Feb. 1,, 1797, tlie. sermon be ing preached by Eev. Dr. Lathrop,, and re- maitied pastor until his, death. In 1791, he leceived tha honorary degree of A. M. from Yale Collage, and that of D. D. from Union College ia 1816, and was one of the Trustees of Middlebury College from its erganizatiou until his death. Several of hi» sermons were published, amoag which was one on the death of Wash ington, and an Election Sermon in 1801. Kev. Dr. Sprague says: "He was highly re spected for his talents and virtues, and exert ed an extensive influence ia the churcK He died here Dec. 17, 1821, and was buried in the West street cemetery, and is the only cler gyman who has died daring his pastorate of this church. Eev. Charles Walker, D D., was born in Woodstock, Connecticut, in 1791. He studied theology at Andover (Mass.)Theological Sem inary, graduating ia 1821. He was ordained pastor of the Congregational church here, Jan. 1, 1823, and was dismissed, March 1-1, 1833. He was installed over the Congregational church in (the east village of) Brattleboro Jan. 1, 1835, and was dismissed Feb. 11, 1846, and on the 27th of December of the same year was installed over the Congregational church in Pittsford, aud was dismissed, Dec. 6, 1864, since which time he has resided in Pittsford, " without charge." He received the honorary degree of A. M. from the University of Vermont in 1823, and from Middlebury aud Dartmouth Colleges in 1325, and that of D. D. from tke University of Vermont in 1847, and has beea a trastee of Middlebury College since 1S37. He delivered the annual Election Sermon before the Legislature of Vermont in 1829, which was published, as were also some of his occasional sermoms. Rev. William Mitchell, son of Joha aad Abigail (Waterhoase) Mitchell, was born at Chester, Conn., Dec. 19, 1793, aad graduated at Yale College ia 1818. He studied at the Andover Theological Seminary, graduating there in 1821, ia the same class with his im mediate predecessor, Eev Dr. Walker, and was lioeased, June 5th, of the same year, by the Middlesex (Coaa.) Association, aadea- gaged as a Home Missioaary ia Northwestern New York. He was ordained October 20th, 1824, aad was settled over tha Congregational church in Newton, Conn., from June, 1823, to May, 1831. He was installed pastor of the Congrega tional church here, March 14, 1833, and was dismissed June 2d, 1846, He was acting pastor in WaUingford from August Sth, 1847, to March 28th, 1852. , In the Fall of 1852, he became agent of the Vermout Coloniza tion Society, and served in, that capacity three years ; after this he served some two years as agent of the New York, and then of the New Jersey Colonization Society. In 1858, he removed to the residence of his son, Joha B. Mitchell, at Corpus Christi, Tex as. Duiing his residence there he organized a church at Casa Blanca, about forty miles from his residence,, to whom he preached two Sundays monthly till the war scattered them. About a year before his death he organized a Presbyterian church at Corpus Christi, aud by his own exertions secured the funds for a church. buUding, which was partly erected at the time of his death. He died Aug 1, 1867, of the yellow fever, which also carried oft' two others of his household. AprU 21, 1847, Eev. Henry Hurlburt was unaaimously given a call to become pastor of the church. In pursuance of this call Mr. Hurlburt came to Eutland and preached some time, but, on the second of October, 1848, he informed them that owing to tha condition of his health he must decline the calL He, however, remained here and occu pied the pulpit some weeks longer. Eev. SUas Aiken, D. D., son of Phineas and Elizabeth (Paterson) Aiken, was born at Bed ford, N. H., May 14, 1799, and graduated at Dartmouth CoUege in 1825, with the high est honors of his class, being veledictorian. .He studied theology with Rev. Bennett Ty ler, D. D., and Prof. Howe, and was ordained pastor of the Congregational church in Am herst, N. H., March 4, 1829, and was dismiss ed, March 5, 1837, having accepted a call to Park Street charch, Boston. He was install ed over that church March 22, 1837, and re signed his pastorate and was dismissed in July, 1848. March 28, 1849, he was instaUed over tbe Congregational church here. Rev. Benjamia Labaree, D. D., President of Mid dlebury College, preaching the sermon, and was dismissed at his owa request, July 1, 1863, from which time uutil his death he remained 1020 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. zed themselves into a parish, builta meeting house and employed the Eev. Abraham Car- penter as their pastor, who remained with them until his death. He was what w^8 called " a strict Congregationalist," and, in 1773 or 1774, was settled according to the rules of that denomination in Plainfield, N.H. without any action on the part of the town. In March, 1779, the town voted to accept him as the minister of the town, and by this action he received the right of land belong ing to the first settled minister, consisting of ¦ 360 acres, a-nd worth probably about the same number of dollars. He continued to preach there eight or tan years longer, preaching in his own kitchen, ia private houses or in tha open air, until he was dismissed and came to this town. He remained connected with tha "Orange Parish" untU his death, which Oc curred in September, 1797. PEOTESTAST EPISCOPAL CHUECH. The first notice that we have of the Protes- tfcnt Episcopal Cliurch in Eutland, is a notice that appeared in Marcli, 1784, that Eev. Mr. Chittenden would deliver a sermon to the Episcopal society, in the State House, Eut land, and on the 30th of September of the same year it was announced that " A Prot estant Episcopal Charch is formed in EuUand and vicinity under the pastoral care of Mr. Ogden.* Ko results appear to have followed from this organization, although the annual conventions of the Church were held in Rut land, and the parish was represented by lay delegates in 1795, 1802 and 1807. In 1817 another attempt was made, and February 19tb of that year " The Protestant Episcopal Society ol Trinity Church, Rutland," was organized by the Rev. George T. Chapman, then of Greenfield, Mass. On the 13th of September, 1818, Bishop Griswold, of fhe Eastern Diocese, visited Rutland, and in his annual address says that this Cbnrch " have been very desirous to obtain the permanent services of a settled minister, and have man ifested a very laudable liberality in offering to subscribe for his maintenance. They have been disappointed and disheartened." In 1826, " St. John's Church, Centreville, Rutland," was received into connection with the Convention, and Rev. Louis Mc Donald, * Tliero must evidently be some mistake here as to dutea as Deitber Mr. Chitteuden nor Mr. Ogden were inordersut the dates specified. Ud. in Eutland without a charge. He had been at different times Chaplain of the Massachu setts Senate, Trustee of Da-rtmouth College, Member of the Prudential Committee of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Director of the Prison Discipline Society, etc. He received the honorary de gree of Doctor of Divinity from the Univer sity of Vermont, in 1852. He died here, April 14, 1869. Rev. Norman Seaver, D. D., son of Nor man and Anna Maria (Bigelow) Seaver was born in Boston, Mass., April 2.1d, 1834, and graduated at WiUiams College in 1854. He studied theology at the Andover Theological Seminary, graduating there in 1860. He was ordained here ae colleague pastor with Rev, Dr. Aiken, Aug, 29, 1860, On the resignation of Dr. Aiken, July 1st, 1863, he became sole pastor, aud was dismissed ia September, 1868, at his own request, December 30, 1868, he was installed pastor of the First Presbyterian church (Heury street), Brooklyn, N. Y., where he now is. He received the honorary degree of D. D., from Middlebury College, in 1866. Rev, James Gibson Johnson, the present and sixth pastor, is a native of Providence, Rhode Island. He prepared for college at Washington, D. C, (where his mother now resides ), and, entering Union College, at Schenectady, N. Y., graduated there ia the class of 1863. He studied theology at the Priaceton (New Jersey) Thelogical Semiaary, and graduated in 1866. He was ordained at Newburyport, Ma.is., Dec 27, 1866, and was settled over the second Presbyterian church in that city, where he re mained untU Oct, 1, 1868, when he resigned. Immediately after his resignation he em barked on a tour through Europe and the East, and was absent about a year. Return ing, Oct, 7, 1869, he took up his residence in New York City, where he continued to reside until his acceptance of the call, April 1, 1870, to the pastorate of the Congregational church here and was installed April 21st. In 1788, a petition was presented to the Legislaiuie of Vermont from a part of the in habitants of Rutland and Pittsford, being in what is known as "Whipple Hollow," asking for the establishing of a parish by the name of "Orange Parish." The petition was refer- redto a committee, and on their report the request was refused. They however organi- EUTLAND. 1021 as Minister, in June, 1826, reports that " serv ices have been kept up between thirs a-nd the East Parish alternately since February last." In 1831, Eev. Moore Bingham officiated for Bomo time, but for how long I have been un able to ascertain, as " Visiting Minister " of St John's Church, and from this time that Church seems to have ceased to exist. In Jaauary, 1832, Eev. Joha A. Hicks ac cepted the Eectorship of Triaity Church, — and from that time the real existeace of the church may be dated, — a church building was soon erected, which was consecrated by Bishop Hopkins in May, 1833. The Eev. Mr. Hicks married, September, 1828, Lucy, daughter of George Cleveland of Middlebury, Vt. Mrs. Hicks died at Eutland, August 10th, 1860. Dr. Hicks left a family of nine childrea. On the resigaatioa of Eev. Dr. Hicks, the Et. Eev. Joha Heary Hopkias, D. D., LL.D., D. C. L., OxoB., officiated until the first of October, 1860, when he was elected and accepted the office of Eector for two years. Bishop Hopkias was born in Dublin, Ire land, Jaauary 30, 1792, aud came to America vrith his pareats in 1800, aad was educated chiefly by his mother. He was origiaally a maker of iron, thea studied law aad was ad mitted to the bar aad practiced his professioa at Pittsburg, Pa., aad was rapidly rising to eminence, when, ia 1823, he left the bar for the ministry, and was ordained a Deacon by Bishop White, December 14th, 1823 and a Priest in May, 1824, and immediately became Eector of Trinity Church, Pittsburg. Ia 1831 he resigned, aad became Assistaat Minister of Trinity Church, Boston, whera he re mained until he was elected the first Bishop of the separate Diocese of Vermont, in May, 1832, and was coasecrated ia New York, Oct. 31 of the same year, by Bishop White. He immediately came to Vermoat, accepting, at the same time, the Rectorship of St. Paul's Church, Burliagton. He resigned the Rector ship of that Church in 1856, ia order that he might devote himself more uareservedly to Diocesan works and the building up of the " Vermont Episcopal Institute." He died at Burlington, Jan. 9, 1868. Eev. Eoger S. Howard, D. D., succeeded Bishop Hopkins, aad became Rector Dec. 1, 1861, and remained until. June, 1867, when be resigned. Eev. D;-. Howard was a native of Vermont,* and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1829. He represented the town of Thetford in the Legislature of Vermont in 1849. He subsequently studied for the min istry. Before coming to Rutland, he was tha Rector of St. Stephen's Church, Portland, Me. From here he went to Woodotock, and on the first Sunday of July, 1867, became Rector of St. James' Church. He remained there some over a year, and then resigned to accept the Presidency of Norwich University and the Rectorship of St. Mary's Church, Northfield. Dr. Howard resigned his offices at Northfield in 1872 and is now (1875) Rec tor of the Church of the Reconciliation, Web ster, Mass. Rev. Dr. Howard, was succeeded by Rev. John Milton Peck, who assumed the Rectorship of the Church, August 1, 1867, and remained three years. In 1859, an Episcopal Church and Society was organized at West Rutland, by the name of Grace Church, and was admitted into union with the Convention of the Diocese, June 6, 1860. This church never had a resi dent Rector, but Eev. D. Willis of Granville, N. Y., had pastoral charge during a portiou of the years 1859 and 1860. After him. Rev. Albert H. Bailey took charge of the pari.-'h as its Rector, commencing June 17, 1860, offi ciating one half of the time. Since the close of his labors the parish has become practically extinct. [We here omit Mr. Williams' account of the Baptist Church, as also of the Methodist Church, haviag fuller histories prepared par ticularly for tbe Gazetteer by their Rever- ened pastors, Mr. MUls and Mr. Hall, And the history of the Roman Catholic Church, haviag ia haad a paper for the same prepar ed by the Bishop of the Diocese. — Ed.] DUIVERSALIST CHUECH . The Uaiversalists organized a society here about the year 1853, Eev. Charles Woodhouse supplying the pulpit. He remained here some two years, aad was succeeded by Eev. H. P. Cutting, who only remained a short time. Their place of meeting was in the hall of the building on the corner of Merchants' Eow nnd West Street. After Mr. Cutting left, the society became practically extinct. Ia February, 1858, a religious society call ing themselves "Christians," founded by El der MUes Grant of Boston, was organized by • Thetford, Orange Co.— Ed. 1022 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. the name of " Christ Shuroh." They, in 1860, built a charch or chapel on West Street, which is now known as the " Free Christian Chapel." The first regular preach er was Elder Matthew Batchelder, who re mained about three years, and was succeeded by Elder H. F. Carpenter, who was followed by Elder George W. Stetson. The church is now, and has been for some time vacant." LIBERAL OHRISTIAW CHUECH. A Liberal Christian Society was organized ia Eutland, July 20th, 1867. Since the soci ety was organized it has been supplied from oue to five Sabbaths each by Rev. Dr. Steb bins and Eev. William Tilden of Boston, Rev. J. F. Moors of Greenfield, Mass., Eev. Mr. Eeynolds of Concord, Mass. In addition to these temporary supplies, Eev. C. A. Hay den of Boston supplied the pulpit one half of the tisne for six months. Rev. F. W. Holland was employed by the society from the second Sunday of February to the second day of August, 1869. He was succeeded by the Rev. L. W. Brigham, who commenced his labors on the third Sunday of September, 1869, and remained until tbe secoad Snaday of September, 1870." We have thus imperfectly passed in review the different religious societies iu Eutland and their several pastors, and trust that we have succeeded in rescuing some facts and dates from oblivion, and placing others, which would soon be forgotten, in a form in which they may be preserved. THIRD DAT. OLD folks' OONOERT AT RIPLEY OPERA HALL. From the Rutland Herald. It was a happy conception, most admirably carried out. Not a little of the'praise is due to the Wales Cornet Band, North Beuninu- ton may well be proud of it, as we are of our Eutland Choral Society. To say there was a full house does not at all e.xpress the idea. It was packed, jammed, and long before the curtain rose hundreds had gone away, unable to gain a foot place on the floor. The orches tra consisted of the above named baud, Mrs, W. N, Oliver of our town, soprano soloist, Mr, S. U. Moore of Burlington, piani»t, our townsman, Mr, J. N. Baxter, solo flutist. with our Rutland Choral Society, under the direilion of U, J, Humphrey, for the choruM. Of the band wo havo only good words. They have most agreeably disappointed our com munity. Last not least, we desire to say a few words in honest praise of what has beea ac complished by our Eutland choral Society. ilr. E. J. Humphrey, their indefatigable con ductor, identifled with the society from its beginning, and without promise of reward has labored incessantly for its welfare. From feeble beginnings he has seen the sooist^y come to be one of the established institutions of our county. Their performance 1-ast night was truly gratifying to all who listened. We noticed that many tearful eyes bore testi mony to their effective singing, among the older portion of the audience, wliUe the old fugue tunes were being sung, their memory doubtless quickened by tbe quaint tableau of the spinning wheel and yarn-swifts in the corner. But the grandest, noblest feature of the entertainment was when, in instant recog nition of the first notes of the closing piece of the evening, the entire audience, without a word or hint, voluntarily rose and joined in our sublime natipnal anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner." A rich display of the occasion, which we had almost omitted to mention, was the dis play of the "Flood-wood Militia," dressed and undressed, between the first and second parts of the concert. Their drill, perhaps though not according to Hardee's tactics, was for the occasion much more pleasing, eliciting Eoukes ef applause, and thoufih they beat a hasty retreat, there was none able to Chase 'em. FOURTH ASB LAS-T BAT. At ten o'sleck on Wednesday a large an- dienoe assembled at the Opera House, to hear the Eev. James Davie Butler, LL.D., a native of Rutland, but now a resident of Madison, Wis. EXTRACTS TROM THE ADDEESS OF REV. ME. BUTLER. Eighteen hundred and eighty-seven yeare ago, and perhaps on this selfsame day, im perial Eome was celebrating one of ber cen tennials. The cry of the heralds was, con- venite ad ludos spcclandos quos nee spectavit quisquam iiec spectatitrus est, "Assemble yourselves and behold a spectacle which no one has ever beheld, or will behold again." Tbe festival lasted three days. Every nightwas elivened by dances, every night and every day was solemnized by sacrifices. The choral ode had been composed by the poet Horace, then at the height of his fame. Its intrica- ces made Byron, and still make classical tyros hate its author, but its .patriotic and exultant strains were equally perspicuous and welcome to thrice nine youths and as many maidens, no one of them bereaved of either father or mother, -who formed the choir whidh rung them out in the £Jirous Maximus. It RUILAND. 1023 was a happy era Legenis regarding tha Trojan origin of Rome had just been crystal- ized, as in a mammoth Kohinoor, in the .^neid of Virgil. The city which Augustus had found brick he was fast transforming to marble. The temple of the war-god, Janus, was shut, for there remained no foes to con quer worthy of the Romaa steel. Rome waa the oaly universal empire the sun ever shone upon, and hence was greater than all wbich had ^one before, or that were to come after her. She only wore without co-rival all its dignities. Such was a centennial in the most high and palmy state of the CiEsars. What is oui-3 to-day ? We celebrate the arrival of tbe first pilgrim train which here settled. One ceatury ago a dozen people entered this valley with a view to make it their home. They brought with them aoth- ing save what they could carry, either on their owa backs or oa pack horses. No farmer's ox-team had as yet been driven over the mountain. They had not much of educa tion or property. Their houses were of logs, low, narrow, and destitute of furniture. For 20 years the title to their lands hung ia doubt before them. They ' were far from markets where they could sell what they did not want, and buy what they did. War to the scalping-knife soon raged around them, and that for 7 years. For 49 years there was no church really in this village. The recruits who joined the first comers, some of them outlawed by New York, — others desert ers from more than one army, — others leav ing their country for their country's good, or having lost caste there, remind one of David's partisans whea " if any man was in distress, or if any man was in debt, or if aay maa was di.icoatented," they betook themselves to bis cave ia the cliff. Moreover, during 40 years of the nineteenth century Eutland was notorious as a case of arrested development, like the legendary monkeys who were ia- tended for men, but whose creation being be gan on Saturday afternoon, was stopped in accordance with the Connecticut Blue Laws, by the coming oa of the Sabbath, while they were still " scarce half made up." Hence a satirist would say that Eutland was fitly named after the smallest county in England, and one chiefly famous for producing the smallest specimen of a British dwarf. It is blear, therefore, that the pompous ceremonial of this week, in honor of the birth of a town so insignificant long after its cradle years, may appear the comedy of " Much ado about Nothing," — like the sacrifice of an ox oa an altar dedicated to a fly. To what purpose is this waste ? Imperial Eome and Infantile Rutland ! That was to this, Hyperion to a Satyr. Nevertheless, townsmen, you, like me, have beheld with equal wonder and delight the primitive pettiness of Rutland after long burial come forth in a better resurrection and swelled to fair proportion. In my western home striving to vie with .Mr. Hall in reference to those local details by which he has made the past re-live and look us in the face, I should be dropping buckets into empty wells, and growing old with drawing nothing up, while my chroni cles of Rutland, through lack of local coloring, would resemble that picture of the Israelites crossing the Eed Sea which was all one dead wall or barn door of Spanish brown. When the artist was asked, " Where are the Child ren of Israel ? " the answer was, " They have all passed over " — and when the question re curred, " Where are the hosts of Pharaoh?" ",Why they," said he, " they are all drowned," After all, as a child of Rutland, as the son of a man who settled in this town in the second decade of its existence, and made it his home during more than half a century,— yes, as myself a Eutland"r who, while travel ing more than half .rouiil tlie world, has still retained an untraveled heart, I would fain speak to you as I can, — though I cannot, as I would. *•*¦*, The Eutland pioneers brought with them not a little that no sharp eye could detect in their scanty outfit. Those of them who were most eager to escape fiom the paist, those who had deserted their native lands lacking both inheritance and occupation there, as it were instinctively, established institutions analo gous to those ou which they had turned their backs. In reference to law, their spirit was that of the forefathers of Connecticut, who voted to be bound by the laws of Moses till they had time to make others better. As ito the execution of law, they appointed the needful officers and backed them up by the whole force of the community. A convicted crim inal could not get reprieved. for a secondtrial unless some reliable man would volunteer to be hanged as his substitute if legal trickery 1021 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. should clear him, as Ethan AUen once vol unteered in Bennington. Some of them were ignorant, but you have heard how early they established a school and built a school- hou^e Too many of tbem were personally irrelig ious, but they soon called a minister and reared a sanctuary, though rather far off, — and out of the way. Moreover, the Eutland- ers brought with them to their new abode the township system in which they had been nurtured. That style of local government for maintaining the neighborhood poor, as well as for providing roads, bridges, police, schools and churches, in the way which seems best to a majority of the citizens convened in a town or church meeting, was long deemed an expedient too simple and natural to de serve any fame, but since the eulogies of the philosophic De TocqueviUe it has become famous as the best illustration extant of pure democracy States made up of such elements aro immortal, and *' Vital in every part, Cannot but by annihilating die " The word "Town,'' which Texans to this day define "a place where whiskey is sold," to a Rutlander meant protection, education, sociability, religion. The event which we have gathered to hold in remembrance has come to seem to me more memorable than I at first thought it, as a representative specimen of colonization. One of the great means by which maa has improved his condition. Such has been its tendency among Jews downward from when Abraham heard the voice of God, sayinc, " Get thee out of thy country, and I will make of thee a great nation." Just one century ago England essayed by paper proclamations and surveyors' chains to dam up the migrational wave which then first began to roll inward from the Atlantic States. " She might as well go stand upon the beach. And bid tho main flood bate its usual height.'* No sooner are farmers esl.-iblished in any region than all varieties of artisan.^, trader.-^ and professional men flock thither — to build their houses, furnish them clothing, furniture, foreign gewgaws, buy their produce, as well as dose them with pills and preaching, pumps aad politics, lectures and liquors. Iu new communities wages, measured by the price of wheat, are enormous. They are also high in money. With a view to keep ' them down, one of the earliest laws ia Mas sachusetts forbade aay oae to give or take more than two shillings for a day's work. Mauger all this, prices went up. When the carpenter had flnished the town stocks, his charge seemed so exhorbitant that the indig nant magistrates forced him to sit as the first culprit, wilh his owa feet fast in his own handiwork. In States new bora ao tall trees keep down the underbrush, — every man's energies find ample room. * * A boy who had grown up ia Ticonderoga as a pauper migrated to St. Louis and there became worth more than all the inhabitants of his native town. * * The first steps of the movement for coloni zation intra-continental and trans-continent al, I date just one century ago, and simulta neous witb the planting of Eutland. Two years before, in 1768, Carver returned to New England from exploring the upper Mississippi, and fir.st proposed opening a passage across the continent, as the best route for communication with China and the Ea";t Indies. In 1769, Pontiac, the evil genius so long repressive of western advent urers, perished. In the same year, Daniel Boone first saw tbe Kentucky. In 1770, forty Virginians reached the Cumberland, Carolinians penetrated to Natchez, Connecti cut men were at Wyoming, — were seeking land grants on the lower Mississippi, — were claiming 800 miles west of the Alleghanies. Hear the prophecy of these last knights errant. * * " In fifty years our people will be more than half over this tract, extensive as it is ; in less than one century the whole may be come even well cultivated, * * Besides all this, I have chanced to dis cover an event that took place on the self same year and .month aad day which we now commemorate, — one hundred years ago this day, — and which emphatically marks that era as the day-spring of colonization break ing over the limits of the Atlantic colonies. In the very hours* when the first comers to Eutland were here arriving, George Wash ington, on horseback, was making his first day's march in a nine weeks' expedition be yond the Virginia mountains in search of western lands, farms which had been grant ed his soldiers by the Legislature. • October 6th, 1770, Washington's Journal, EUTLAND. 1025 This coincidence in the movfemeats of Washingtoa and of the Eutlanders should seem to us as remarkable as a cat's eyes com ing just where there are holes in her skin then seemed to tbe liege lord of both of them, George III. Neither Eutlander nor Wash ington was content to vegetate like the rhu barb pie-plant under a barrel and see the world only through its bung-hole. The hamlet here a hundred years ago was Lilliputian, almost contemptible in itself Yet it was the baby figure of a giant mass, henceforth to come at large. It was among tlie first outbreaks, or rather inbreaks, of the irrepressible Yankee. That Yankee spirit, — colonizing in order to cultivation and cul ture, — my eyes have seen ita miracles beyond the Missouri, beyond the Sierra Nevada, in Hawaiian Honolulu, ia Egyptian Thebes, in Syrian Beyroot. Thus the spring which here gushed forth, a century .ago, was one head of a river that was to flow on and on making glad the cities of the world. To what shall I compare this fottntaij ? It seems to me like a picture of the signing of the Declaration of our Inde pendence, — small to the eye, great to the mind. To the eye it ia fifty men in plain clothes, in a room plainly furnished, writing their names. To the mind it is nothing less than the laying of the corner-stone of the empire of hope, She that lifts up the manhood of the poor. She of the open heart, and open hand. With room enough about her hearth for all mankind. Mr. Hall's pictures of Eutland ia its swad dling-clothes seem to me the best that caa be painted by oue shut up to his sources of knowledge. ,^But he was not aa eye-witaess how Entland begaa to be, aad I doubt if he ever had aa historical talk with more than one ante-revolutionary settler, or if he ever entered a town not yet five years old. Nevertheless, the truth is that history re peats itself. What Vermont was in 1770, Nebraska is ia 1870, or rather all social eras are co-existent and cotemporaneous. Ac- ¦-'cordingly whatever Mr. Hall has described from tradition my eyes have seen beyond the Missouri. Voyaging up that river I have sailed up the stream of time. Let Mr. Hall go out West, and there, names and dates being changed, he shaU behold as waking realities what, after all antiquarian researches aere, must remain the baseless fabric of a vision. The Eutland "of the dark back ward " he shall there survey cut out of the distant past and brought safe into the present. How shall I pardon him that he has not long ago pilgrimed where such ravishing views of settlements in babyhood are aa familiar as babies themselves? Why seeks he the liviu" among the dead ? Mr. Hall's mosaic has shown you a fac simUe of an incipient commonwealth. In the great vaUey of the West such beau ideals are daily realized, so that your bodily eyea may gaze iu broad day upon whatever he has contemplated only through the moonlight of memory, aud has shown only to your mind's eye. ' It were, perhaps, natural to expect that a speaker in the position aow assigned me, would contrast Eutland of to-day with its aspect in 1770. But the Eutland of to-day is known to you and unknown to me. If, therefore, I should expatiate on that theme, I must fare as I did two years ago in the University of Athens, when showing the students how to pronounce their vernacular Greek. Again, how shall one contrast some thing with nothing? aad in 1770, Eatla'nd was still aothiag in respect to the works of maa, while, as to the works of God, — aside from the destruction of forests, — all things remain as at the first. The mountain forfus aad their sky liaes, here as round about Jerusalem, — thaak Heaven, — can never be much changed. I see them to-dfty just as I saw them when my eyes first learned to de light in them as the heaven- kissing wall of a valley embosoming all the sweets of nature, while excluding the cares and sorrows of the world. 1 see them as my father saw them in 1786, and as the first comers saw them sixteen years before. Well has some one as serted that no man is ever homesick for his natal soil, unless its scenery is suoh that he can find his way home without a guide- board. The reason is that only in such places are the features of Mother Nature unmistakable. Wheu a man born on a prairie, or in Chicago, returns to it after long absence, the places that had known him knew him no more. Nor yet does he know the places. He cannot rec ognize tbe face of his own mother. It is on this account that the Highlanders have a contempt for lowland regions. Ac cordingly, when a. Dutchman was quoting the grandiloquent hexameter of a patriotic 1026 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAG.AZINE. Holland poet, Tellurem fecere Dii, sua litora Belgae, the Engli-ih of which is that, " while the Gods made all the rest of the world, the Dutch created Holland," he provoked my Green Mountain pride so that I could not help retorting, " The Dutch made Holland, did they? I should really think they did; it looks as if a Dutchman had made it." But the characteristic features of Eutland, even to the utmost bounds of its everlasting hills, the trinity of goodly mountains, Kil lington, Pico and Shrewsbury, were not made by hands, or only by His hands "which by His strength setteth fast the mountains being girded with power." But while _the earth abideth forever, one generation passeth away and another genera tion cometh. Our fathers, where are they ? " Each in his narrow cell forever laid. The rude forefathers ofthe hamlet sleep." Meeting lately in Iowa a Eutlander who forty years ago w.as living here with me, we sat down and talked over the occupants of every house at that time' in this village. Only two or three could we remember as dweUing where they then dwelt, — " a glean ing of grapes when the vintage is done.'' The pioneer Madam WUliams, mother of the Governor, the lady ancient and honorable, of whom my earliest feeling was, — " Nor spring nor summer beauty hath sucli grace as I have seen in her autumnal face," had already passed away. We recaUed Temple, the excellency of dignity ; WiUiams, the genial judge, whom I have seen weep as he sentenced a culprit ; Walker, the minister, who was to me more awe-inspiring than the whole papal conclave in after years ; Hodges our merchant prince ; Strong, riglitly named. for he was strong indeed ; Eoyce, the most popular of men, and Ormsbee, tho most acute ; Alvord, from whose cabinet shop Congress man Meacham had just gone to college, and who was just about to send General Benja-- min Alvord to West Point. Senator Foot we first s.iw when, the Castle ton Seminary proving bankrupt, lie was ad mitted to the Eutland bar. Who then could prophesy that he would live to preside over the national Senate? As littlo did Page, in the bank, foresee that he was training up a Governor. Green, Porter, Fay, Lord, Burt, Gove, Hall, with more others than I can mention, crowded upon our memories and tongues, " And eVery lovely feature of their life Did come appareled in more precious habit. Than when they lived indeed." I see here a centennarian city, but my eyes seek in vain a centennarian citizen. I saw one ten years ago in the capital of Wisconsin. I was there making a Fourth of July oralion, and there sat before me the only revolution ary pensioner surviving in the State, — a hundred years old, — his youth passed in New England, his middle life in New York, his age on the Mississippi. I called hira a three fold man, — who had fought his country's foes nn the land and on the sea, "Look," I cried, " with all your eyes on what you never saw before, and never will see hereafter !" The people took the horses out of theold man's carriage, and drew bim themselves in triumph round tbe paik. Thus wonld we delight to honor a RuUand centennarian, did Heaven vouchsafe us one at this ceutennary. On this day of commemorating onr ances tors who stood here a century ago, it is im possible not to contrast the world as they saw it wilh what our eye-; to-day behold. 1770 ! In that year George the Third, who; according to English wits, reigned as long as he could, and then mizzled and misted, and who, even when crazy and clapped intoa strait jacketrefused to believe himself a limited mon arch, chose Lord North for his prime minister, who for a three penny tax on tea bartered away the brightest jewel of the crown, and, on the next morning after the time we are hallowing as the birthday of Entland, the British mon arch, seeing a cannon fired twenty times in a minute, pronounced it an argument no Bos- tonian could resist. Yes, a hundred years ago all England hugged the delusion that five thousand of her soldiers could subjugate America. •* « -» Capt. Cook was circum navigating the globe, though as yet only a lieutenant. The first Napoleon and Welling ton, — both children of the same year, — were , , , still unweaned in their cradles. The two first settlers in one Vermont township had been in it almost a year before either knew that the other was there. Their non-inter course was of a piece with that in the great w-orld. Countries separated by a hundred miles of geographical distance were put asunder a thousand miles by mutual con tempt, and then touched one aaother at only a few poiats, while aow ao king caa turn EUTLAND. 1027 over in his bed without disturbing the slum bers of a dozen neighboring poteutates. * The death of Whitefield befel on the fifth day before that which we keep as the birth day of Eutland, aad the death of Beaaing Wentworth, the New Hampshire Governor who chartered it, was on the sixteenth day after. * * * When we look around us here, where can we turn that our eyes do not rest on monu- meats of the last century ? In Pvutland we see such monuments not only ia every human work, everythiag whatever gravea by art and man's device, but in most of the inven tions of which these works are specimens. I mean agricultural machinery, which has made farming a sedentary pursuit ; postal facilities " which waft a sigh from Indus to the pole ; " drawing-room cars like the Queen City, ¦* * photography, which makes the sun stand still and paint our portraits ; loco motives, megatheria mightier by far than all the mammoths of Siberia ; and the telegraph, which, though it hath no tongue, doth speak with most miraculous organ. It is ao more than sixty-five years since the first whites crossed the continent in our latitude. Last year an iron river had flowed across it from ocean to ocean. Already its banks swarm with settlers, even as an un broken oasis skirts the Suez canal all through the desert. Rutland had seen twenty- one years when the first new State was added to the original thirteen. Tweaty-four have tow been added. Vermonters are in them all, and everywhere at home. Long after Eutland began to be, a Vermont judge was in a minority of oue when he refused to recog nize any title to a slave except a bill of sale in the handwriting of the Lord Almighty, but we behold all Americans concurring in his opinion, aad by the fifteenth Ameadmeat filling up the " great gulf fixed " which so long severed the North aad the South. * * Time fails me to descant on the increase within a huadred years. * * * " The eye affecteth the heart." No maa who saw 1770 also sees 1870. * * * What has beea will be, as surely as the Missouri, which has flowed two thousand miles to Nebraska, has thus gained more strength to fiow further. * * * Fellow Townsmen :•*¦** There is a greater as well as a lesser Rutland. Its men have goae further than its marble. New wine will burst old bottles. As the Atheni- aas bounded their valley, — one not unlike this, — north by rye, south by vines, east by wheat and west by olives, so the Green Mountain Boy, who has his birth here, will have his being wherever he can best make his own boons best worth having. In 1360, three-fourths as many Vermonters were re siding elsewhere as withia their own State. One year ago last September, ou the cone of a Hawaiian volcano, I encountered one long resident there, a nephew of Luther Daniels, and whose sister had beea among my earliest sweethearts. One among our early members of Congress used to say that the yellow butter aad white girls of Vermont were better than the yel low girls and white butter at Washington. No doubt they always will be ; and yet Green Mountain Boys will wander to Washingtoa, — yes, to all golden gates. Nevertheless, they will hold fast their individuality, as te naciously as that Englishman did who, wheu afraid of chills in Indiana, was assured by his landlady that he was out of danger, be cause he carried with him so many British airs, such a John Bull atmosphere, that he would be safe while all Hoosiers were shak ing. Rutland will grow beyond the dreams of all its founders. Its honors with increase of ages grow. As streams roll down, enlarging while they flow. But those born here, becoming continentals, will build up other Butlands in Nebraska. New wine will burst the old bottles. A Rut- lander, once a schoolboy here with me, Mosea M. Strong, thirty-three years ago staked out a town twelve days' journey west of Lake Michigan, now my home and the capital of Wisconsin, which has three times the popu- latioa of Vermont. Farmers in this half bushel have hoed among rough stones till they have beaten them all smooth ; they will be off for prairies where there are not stoaes eaough to give stoue bruises to their barefooted boys, or to free homesteajls (which yield even the sloven ly farmer from each acra thirty bushels of wheat, forty of barley, fifty of oats or seventy- five of corn, aad where at harvest time the farmers first fill up all out doors with their crops, aad thea gather tha remaant iato barns,) or to grazing grounds where steers gain three pounds a day. Thus their plows, 1028 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. as was well remarked by the earliest aud best historian of Vermont, " will enlarge the boundaries ofthe habitable creation.'' Some outside pressure is indeed needful to push one nurtured here out of this amphi theatre into that Mediterranean valley where he will never see a mountain until he gets faith enough to move one, but when he has once possessed a prairie it is harder to draw him east again than to move a mountain, or even a meeting-house. Hence, he is like one of his own contrary calves. You must pull his ears off before he will begin sucking, — and then you must pull his tail off before he will stop. Again, according to the census of 1860, the males in Iowa out-numbered the females by more tban 39,000. No wonder when you tell an lowan he ought to take a wife, he answers : " Whose wife shall I take ? " and that railroad conductors, at refreshment sta tions, cry out: " Twenty minutes for dinner and Chicago divorces." On the other hand. New England had nearly 37,000 more females than males. In this heyday of woman's rights will the fair, like Jepthah's daughter going up and down the mountains, bewail their virginity in Vermont, where they can no more find husbaads than hair on a bald head, or than Spain caa fiad a kiag ? — or will they huat husbands in the West ? Neither. Nevertheless, where the carcass is the eagles will be gathered. Green Mount- aia girls will cross the Missouri in order to visit some cousin, or to teach, or even to do plain sewing. But school-houses are Cnpid's mouse-traps. Their needles may be war- raated not to cut in the eye, but it will tura out that that is more than can be said con cerning the users of them. * * • In the future, more and more Eutlanders beco-ming not only continentals but cosmo- pslitana, leaving those who will, to sluggar- dizo at home, will see abroad t^lO wonders of the world, — earth's kingdoms and their glory. Notwithstanding thoy will return, as I did, from all continents of memory to our own, as tho continent of hope. * * « Townsmen I sweet is this rermion, like the evening gathering together those whom morn ing had scattered. Worthy is it to be called a jubilee and proclaimed in the old Hebrew fashion with silver trumpets. It is a scene, take it for all in aH, we ne'er shall look upon its like again, — the hospitable home-keepers bidding us, outsiders, coma and see them every week and stay a fortnight everytime. It reminds rae of a way-side settee along the highways in Germany, beneath shade or fruit-trees, — a shelf behind its back on which way-farers may rest their burdens, a fount ain and flowers before it, the road trodden and to be trod in full view, castle, cathedral, city, in the dist.ince. .Coming up to this convocation of old friends who ni.ike the world warmer and of new friends wUo make it wider, we seem like those climbing different sides of the same mountain, rising to broader views, and draw ing nearer ai once to each other and to heaven. It is next to the recognition of friends in t-i-te skies. Speaking in a lighter vein, — no ingredient is wanting for concoct ing a bowl of soul full punch — - Where strong, insipid, sharp and sweet. Each otiier duly tempering, meet. Of course I mean teetotaler's punch, — the bright, champaigny " old particular " brandy punch of genial and congenial feeling. It is good to be here, and we would fain clip the wings of so good a time, — ar like Joshua bid the sun stand stUl. Should we be taking leave as long a term as we have yet to live, the lothness to depart would grow. " Forever, and forever farewell f Townsmen I If we shall meet again we do not know. Therefore our everlasting farewell take. If we do meet again, then we shall smile, If not, why then thia parting was well made." After the address of the Rev. Dr. Butler, a Poem, " The Dead Century," written for the occasion by Mrs Julia C. (Ripley) Dorr, was read by her son, Russel R. Dorr. Immediately after the close of the exercises at Opera Hall, a procession, one of the largest and most orderly ever seen in Rutland, moved in the following order, under the direc tion of Chief Marshal, Gen. W.T.W.Eipley and Assistant Marshals Col. L. G. Kingsley, Major John A. Salsbury, E. M. Cross and Capt. Harley Sheldon. 1. Wales Cornet Band, followed by a com pany of Continental militia, and, in compar ison, a company of the mUitia of to-day. 2. Nickwackett Engine Company, No. 1, 61 men, Capt. S. G. Staley with engine and hose cart, drawn by a double team of horsea. 3. Washington Engine Company, No. 2, E. F. Sadler foreman, 50 men, engine drawn by two horses, and hose cart by two. RUTLAND. 1029 4. Killington Steamer, No. 3, drawn by tour horses, and its hose cart drawa by two. C. Kingsley foreman, aad the full company turned out. 5. Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, George W. Hilliard foreman, 45 mea, with their truck decked with avergreeas and flow ers, aad preceded by a band of Martial mu- eic. 6. St. Peter's Cornet Band of Eutlaad. 7. Hibernian Literary Society of Eutlaad, Dennis Kingsley and Edward Lystoa, mar shals. 8. St. Patrick's Benevolent Literary Soci ety of West Eutland, Eobert Moaaghan, M. Duffy and M. Meagher, marshals. After these came iadividuals represeatiag the costumes ete. of " ancient " days, among which was a representatioa of a surgeon ofthe Eevolutioaary Army, a commissary of the same period, and other characters, both male and female, representing the same period. Next in order came a representation of the wares of some of our principal merchants, pCTSonified in the manner in whieh the wag ons wiiich bore them were laden. First was a wagon drawn by six horses, a, la tandem, alternate white and black, representing the grocery busiaess of Chester Kingsley at the 'Old Eed Store." A machine, drawn by two pairs of faacy matched horses. G» F. White had a wagoa drawn by four oxen, and on it was recliaing a moaumeat representing the withered trunk of a tree, or "the flower is faded aad the limbs are broken." This mon ument was very large, weighing several teas. B. W. Marshall represented his grocery bus iness ia a heavy laden wagon. H. E. Dyer followed with a team representing steam and gas fitting. Howe's caady maaufactory was represented by two double teams, with aa assortment af the proprietor's goods, Paine, Bowman &, Co. had ia display a fine as sortment of manufactnred goods and cloths, aad with the goods were their operators, both male and female, seemingly as busily at work as wheu in the store. Levi G. Kings- ley had two wagons of upholstery goods, with fine exhibitions of shelf hardware and mechanics' tools. Dr. Verder bad a portioa ofthe goods from his bakery out ia a wagon drawn by the black horse. George W. Chap lin, jr., had a fine display of furniture and upholstery goods, and Newman Weeks, in the same Uae, had, beside two chairs made oae hundred years ago, a display of furni ture and upholstery work which was credi table. W. B. Mussey's grocery wagoa was decked with goods of his line, and the three teams of G. H. & H. W. Cheney bore evidence that they kept a good variety, and were not to be counted as minors i-n the grocery line. Dunn, Sawyer & Co. had frhree teams in the procession, laden with peddler's goods hardware and house furnishing goods, in cluding stoves, etc. Speac*, Sawyer & Co. had their large candy wagon in tha process ion. The Eutlaad Maaufacturing Company had a large wagon, piled mountaia high, al- niost, with chairs. Abbott & Whitmaa had a display in the shape of a light express wag on. C. W. Nichols, photographer, had hia camera out. When the procession, after marchiag th rough several of the priacipal streets, arrived at the pavilion it broke ranks, and some five or six hundred sat down to partake of the dinner. After the dinner, Gen. William Y. W. Eip ley, acting as president, made a few brief re marks appropriate to the occasion, and called upoa Mr. John Strong, the toastmaster for tha first toast. Toast first. Rutland — Like a good mother, she welcomes her soas who have sustaiaed aad exalted the family name abroad, aad who, returning from distaat places, testify by their preseaee to-day that they hold ia affectioaate remembraace the town that gave them birth. Eespoase by James Barrett, who related some amasiag aaecdotes of the early history of Eutland, among which.was that in a for mer period when the people from the couatry arouad cama to trade they tasted the liquors in every store, and after arriving at the place where they considered the best liquors wera kept, there they bought their goods. But these times were past, and aow we have a town and a community of which every one can feel proud. In respoase to the same toast, Eev. Stephea 0. Thrall said : I sincerely regret that this welcome Vermoat, aad particulaly Eutland, has exteaded to her childrea has takea my voice away so that I cannot, as Iwould like to, respond appropriately oa this occasioa. Look- iag about the continent, and standing on the Sterra Nevadas, on the borders of the Miss- 1030 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. issippi, or wherever my lot has been cast, I have ever with pride remembered Vermont, nat populous at home, but extensive abroad, and it has ever been my pride that wherever I met a Vermonter he was true to the manor born. Douglas said Vermont was a good State to go from, and it is not less true, I find, that it is a good State to come back to. On no place on earth have we seen suoh beauty, and we say to our noble mother. We thank you, aud will bear your mem»ry to our homes aad to our graves. Mr. Frederick A. Fuller made a happy speech chiefly of anecdotes referring to tha elderly citizens of Rutland, mauy of whom, though now non-residents, were present, especially alluding to tha humorous traits of the character of Rev. James Davie Butler, when doing business with his father iu Rutland thirty years ago. Second toast. Vermont — Her place among the States, established by the bravery of her "Green Mountain Boys," has been gloriously maintained by a people already distinguished for industry and virtue; by her statesmen, eminent in the councils of the nation ; by her Judges, learned in the law and fearless in its administration ; by her soldiers, first on every battle-field ofthe republic, from Ticonderoga and Plattsburgh to Gettysburgb and the Wilderness ; and above all by her women ; who, true to their duties as wives and moth ers, with all the sacred precincts of home, have, by the influence of their virtues and the careful training of their children, exalted us as a people. Gen. Ripley expressed the regrets of Gov. Stewart and Messrs. Eedfield, Phelps, Po land and others who had expressed their desire to be present, but were unavoidably absent, and in a happy manner introduced Col. W. G. Veazey to respond. Mb. President, Ladies amd Gt:NTLE.\iEN .- If I were to point you to the greatest glory of Vermont, I think I should direct your view to the wonderful autumnal beauty that now clothes our mountain slopes, so far surpassing anything that art has ever been able to attain. I might properly refer, also, to tho healthfulnoss of our climate, which, with the beauty of her scenery, makes Ver mont the resort of the invalid and the tourist. But there is another aspect in which to speak of our State. Although Vermoat had a settlement many years prior to the date which the charter of the town of Rutlaad bears, yet it is scarcely a violation of fact to say that our State is a product of the century just closed, wbich, historically considered, has beea more fruitful of great men and great events than any which history chronicles. But, though a product of this wonderful era, her worth, her honor, her importance as a State is nieasured rather as a producer. In this respect, as in beauty of scenery and bealthfulness of climate, she stands preeminant. In art her sons are rapidly taking rank with the most distin guished artists that the western world has produced ; in laws and institutions, eminent jurists and statesmen have said, that she pre sents, on the whole, the best model of any people on earth'. This, perhaps, is the best criterion of the purity and ability of the pub lic men who have, under a general guidance of the people, shaped and moulded her laws and institution!. But, independent of this, tha character of her executives throughout the entire saccessioa has been the pride of Vermonters. Good government, protection of person and property, freedom of thought and action, liberty without license, have been the fruits of tbeir faithful administra tions. Among the best products of Vermont, we may safely name ber judiciary. Tha names of Phelps, Royce, Williams, Collamer, Red- field, and many othera that have adorned the Beach of Vermont, are among the highest of modern judges. Could we be assured that the century to come will have a judiciary iu Vermont equal to that of the century pa^t, it would be the strongest assurance of the proservation of our liberties, and the pros perity of our Commonwealth. Equal in character and ability witb her executives and judiciary, stand her statesmen. Indeed, in many instances, the same men have aided to establish and maintain the proud position of Vermont, as governors, judges and legisla tors. Iu tho civil service, Vermont has never been excelled by any State in tbe em inence of her public men. There remains to speak of Vermont on the battle fields of the Republic. Aad yet the sentiment to which I am called upon to re spond, comprehensively covers the whole ground; "Foremost, from Ticdnderoga and Plattsburgh to Gettysburg and the Wilder- RUTLAND. 1031 Bess." Vermout has been called " the legiti mate child of war." It is a curious fact of history that the territory aow coastituting Vermont, was more a battle-grouad of fierce aborigiaal tribes upoa the north, west and south, thaa a home or possessioa that any tribe claimed. So, through the Colonial period, it lay ia the pathway of British aad French armies contending for supremacy in Hhe uew world. After this came the conten tion arising out of the double system of grants from New Hampshire and New York. Eesistence to the unwarranted and unjust jarisdiclion of New York was the occasion of that military orgaaizatioa kaown as the Greea Mountaia Boys, afterwards famed ia the great struggle that resulted ia severing this nation from aa empire, and lifting it to the dignity of iadepeudent national existence. The grand figure of Ethan AUea oa the heights of Ticonderoga, ia the gray of the morning of May 10th, 1775, proclatmiag the authority of the Coatiaental Congress, and compelling the first surrender of the British flag " to the coming Eepublic," has been the inspil-ation of Vermonters through the suc ceeding generations. The preservation of the honor and integrity of the Eepublic has ever been to them the most glorious cause, the most exalted duty, in the performance of vhich they have held life as but aa idle breath. Wkea they planted our starry flag oa the rampai^ of the Hessian, at Benning ton, the Americaa heart was filled with joy and hope, aad the success of the American cause passed from the possible to the proba ble. Whea, ia 1812, the pestilence of war again breathed upoa as, the lines of Vermoat flamed along our Northera border, at Platts burgh, at Niagara, at Crowa Point, achieving glory worthy of Ticonderoga aad Beaning- ton. In the war with Mexico, though oar people were not in full political sympathy with its object, yet when declared, aad the national fame became imperiled, parti^aaship was buried in patriotism, aad Vermout fur nished her full quota, and contribuied the brave aad bnlliaafc Eaasora to the country's cause. Next came resistance to the assaults of treasoa, in whieh 34,000 Vermonters partici pated with distinguished honor. They struck the first blow ia Virginia. They were the first to eater Eichmond. They set an ex ample of gallantry at Lee's Mills that was never surpassed, and Rutland there lost the brave and noble Reynolds. They were firm amid confusion at Bull Run, and their firm ness contributed largely to the salvation of Washington. They were patient and persis tent amid the disasters of the Peninsula, and through the seven days humUiatiag conflict, never declined a battle, nor failed to punish the enemy in every instance of his attack upon them. History will one day record what is now not generally known, that a *soa of Rutland, here present, as effectually and surely contributed, by his personal exer tions, to save our' array from defeat at the desperate battle of Malvern Hill, as Warner contributed to the victory of Bennington. At Fredericksburg, South Mountain and An tietam they bravely bore our banners to victory. At Gettysburg, they stood in the pivotal point of our lines, in that pivotal battle of the war, as firm as the hills of their Greea Mouataia State, and after three days of stubborn fighting of 200,000 men, they dealt the blow that ended the battle of Get tysburg, whieh in brilliancy, is not eclipsed by the resplendent glory that for half a cen tury has steadily rested upon the field of Waterloo. In the Shenandoah Valley, their unyieldiag presence convinced the gallan t Sheridan that he could turn defeat to victory. They were also ou that outstretched battle field, from the Eapidan to the Appomattox, running through from May to April, where the scythe of death swept as it never swept before, every day garnering up laurels that would have adorned the chaplets of Eomaa Emperors, ia their triumphal returus from the coaquest of Empires. They were at Ba- toa Eouge, *here another son of Rutland, the gallant Colonel Roberts, fell. They were everywhere, indeed, throughout the vast arena of conflict, making up a record which the most brilliant achievements of war never eclipsed ; and, thank God, they never, throughout the four years of fighting, lost a flag. May we not reasonably expect that ia aU the accomplishmeats of Vermont in tha century to come, she will scarcely, at its end, be able to point to a nobler record than that of her brave sons in the gigantic struggle which resulted in lifting the cruel yoke of slavery from the necks of a race of human beings? Mr, President, I am mindful that I must v« Lieutenant Colonel Wm. Y. W. Ripley. 1032 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. close. I have said that the century we are to-day, in a certain sense, reviewing, pro duced Vermont. Vermont in turn has pro duced, tbat which, it is said, in the highest sense, constitutes a State, " Men, high-minded men, who know their rights, and knowing, dare maintain ! " Gen, W. Y. W.Ripley followed in a tribute to the brave men of Vermont, and ieelingly implored their descendants to preserve the relics of their memory in their hands at pres ent, that the future might revere those who so nobly lived and died. Gen. Ripley said, to the subject of "The Ladies, " embraced in the concluding senti ment of the toast, he would call his friend, Hon. D. E. Nicholson, whose anticipated re sponse would fully justify tbe fitness of the call. Mr. Nicholson responded that he duly ap preciated thedistinguislied honorof being thus commended to this particular sentiment. As a Ru tland county man by birth, whose mother, now in her sainted grave, and whose wife' and daughter all had a Rutland county origin, he should justly be condemned if he was wanting in appreciation of the value of such companionship. What has been said here and elsewhere of the distinguished Christians, philanthropists, patriots and sages could never have been true if woman the mother of them all, had beeu less than an exal ted being,and the perpetual homage of man's heart has been to the Great Creator of all, that when beholding the solitary, pitiful and help less condition of the father ofthe race. He be nevolently created for him companionship, with such social. Intellectual, moral and mate rial adaptations, as had served not only to perpetuate, but to exalt the race. Third Toast- The Early Settlers of Rutland — True descendants of the Puritan stock, the}'' buUded better than they knew. Gen. Benj. Alvord of the U. S. army re sponded. When I first received the invitation to share in this celebration it seemed impracti cable to accept, but every d.ay which elapsed convinced me that my heart would gravitate in this direction, and that it was a duty to make an effort to attend. During all my wanderings to the remotest corners of tliis Union, throughout the last thirty-seven years, I have never failod to recur with pride and pleasure to Vermont and to Rutland. The attachment of those born in mountain regions to their homes is proverbial. The discharge of my oflicial duties has carried me to the most celebrated mountain regions of this continent; those of Central America,' the snow white peaks which border on the north west Lake Nicaragua, ¦* ¦* those of the valley of Mexico, * * those! of the Sierra Nevada range in California, and of the Cascade range in Oregon and WiMhing-' ton, and those of the Rocky Mountain itanges of Colorado and Utah Territories. Hovyever deep the enjoyment received from such scenes of grandeur, they always only served to carry my memory and imagination back to these lovely green mountains, wh»=e qniet beanty is unsurpassed. I know that it will bo said tbat such sentiments have their origin in the charms and fascinations of youth. But it is fitting that here, on ourretarn to tha land of our birth, such feelings should be indulged. Let tbem not be despised ! If Heaven, ia showering upon yea other blessings, has also imparted a love of nature, an appreciation of your beautiful sceuery, and a keen relish for the wonders and splendors lavished oa this material world, let them be highly es teemed. Contrast tbe ideas of the native of a level prairie in the West with the sensa tions awakened here ! By cultivation he may acquire such tastes, but his birthright has comparatively a limitation, a lameness and a monotony which excite the pity of ex ultant mountaiaeers 1 It should certainly be to-day a cause for holding in grateful re membrance our hardy ancestors, who one century ago chose their bome^in such pleas ant pdaces, that they bequeathed to their posterity such influences, and saeh sublime inspirations. There are some not open to such magnetism. There are those who, under the shadow of Killington Peak, tan, without emotion witness the lovely clouds move to and fro, and the cultivated valleys smiling between mountain slopes, and the meander ing river gliding through grassy meadows. I say there are those who can gaze at such scenes and turn upon them only a vacant and uninterested eye, buried in the cares aad clogged by tiie surroundings of the busy world. But their effect upon the genius of, your population, upon tbe chai-acter of the most enterprising and susceptible, is un doubted ; above aU upon the scholars of your State. From one end of this Union to the other, Vermonters can be found remark able for their clear heads, their hardihood, and if scholars, for their acute, robust intel lects and poetic sensibilities. It is customary in Massachnestts to boast RUTLAND. 1033 of Berkshire county, and the array of dis tinguished characters who have originated there. Berkshire is the mere offshoot, tbe last descending ridge of the Green mountains, which Vermont condescends to give Massa chusetts. If the scenery of Berkshire aad the lovely estates at Lenox and Stockbridge of the Sedgwicks, Fields, Rockwells aad Bryaats caa awakea admiratioa, — for still stronger reasons should Vermoat indulge a little pardonable exultation, rioting as she does in the Greea Mountains (par excellence,) in the very backbone and lofty summit of those mountains. Why do aot the Aspia- walls, and Carys, and other men of wealth, who went to Berkshire in search of a mount ain home, come up here aad get the Simoa- pure article ? I feel certaia that the Rev. Dr. Todd, aow a resideat of Pittsfield, ia that county, however attached to his Pitts field home, will admit tbe force of my recom- meadatioa. Why ! from the seat of Aspia- waU and other of those millionaires they point to what they call moaataias ! A few years since I was delighted to make' a visit to that couaty, filled with such charming society, such refined and hospitable residents, — bnt I aver I could not find in all Berkshire county au elevation as high as your " Piae HiU." The Puritans settled Vermoat. From Connecticut and Massachusetts they came here to seek their fortunes. All my military life I have been on our extensive frontiers in contact with pioneers. I know well their ' virtues, their hardihood, their enterprise. I have delighted to watch the growth and ex pansion of infant communities. Our ancestors came to the New Hampshire Grants deeply imbued with all the best traits of the Puritan race * •» * The question occurs, Has this Puritau character borne generous'' fruit ? In pure and applied science, in oratory and meta physics and literature, in poetry and art, the educated men living in the State or sent forth by Vermout, have made their mark throughout the world. The names of James Marsh, George P. Marsh, S. S. Phelps, Charles K Williams, Collamer, Foot, Horace Greely , Saxe, Powers and Mead are a sufiicient re sponse, known, some of them, to the whole civilized world. Aad it was fittiag that the State whieh produced the best living Ameri can sculptor should also flnd in its exhaust- less quarries the best marble for purposes of art on this continent, and thus spread tha name of Rutland to all lands. The student residing here. fafJrom the dis tractions of more populous haunts, has had time and opportuaity to dive deeper into the recesses of scieaoe. Vermoaters are noted for their liberal culture, and in public life for their national sentiments. They, have not been eaten up with sectionalism or pro vincialism. Their State pride, however in tense, has not diminished their love and devotion to the Union and t-he national government. In time of deliberation and counsel, they have beea for peace a-ad averse to war. But tbeir hearts have embraced the whole country, and have instantly rejected every proposition looking to a dissolution of the Union. This brings us to say that the descendants of the Puritans have stood the test of the great civil war, ia which their best qualities have been conspiciously mani fested. Look at their promptitude, their manly spirit, their martial enthusiasm, their noble deeds, their devotion to the flag aud to the cause of liberty. Let Grant, Sheridan and Meade be consulted as to the%earing of the Green Mountain Boya !•»¦»* In the war it is but simple justice to say that Rutland sent forth her full quota, heroes who returned with honorable records, show ing that they are worthy soas of a State whose expressive motto is " Freedom aad Unity." * * * A birthplace is a fouutaia-head, whence should a fountain of rejuvenatioa flow pure, sjiarkliag waters to gladdea, vivify aad fertilize the vale of life. A return to it takes tbe memory back to youth and all its gilded hopes, joys and eajoymeats. To carry youth forward iato age, and let tbe mind remain equally susceptible of vivid. impressions and generous impulses, should be the aim of every Chris tiaa. Here I watched the clouds, aadcommeaced with the cheeriag smiles of a mother's love to leara my first lessoas of scieace aad re ligion. Caa influences thus plauted iu tha midst of these lovely moaataias ever die oat ? Like Wordsworth, who was bora aad speat his days under the shadow of Skiddaw, iu tbe Cumberland Mountains, and among the lovely lakes of Windermere. " My heart leaps up when I behold A rainbow in the sky I 1034 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. So was it when my life began ; So is it now I am a man ! Su be it when I shall grow old. Or let nio die! The child is father ofthe man I — And I could wish my days to be. Bound each to each by natural piety." Gen, Alvord was followed by Rev. Aldace Walker, D, D,, of WalUngford, formerly pas tor of the Congregational church at West Eutland. He gave a brief sketch of the Congregational church in this town, with notices of Rev. Benajah Roots and Rev, Lemuel Haynes. Fourth toast: Rutland — Rapid in growth, wonderful in development, her past honorable and dis tinguished, her present happy and prosper ous, — her future is in her own hands. To which Warren H, Smith, Esq,, respond ed: Prominent among the subjects presented in this toast is the " rapid growth " of Eut land. * * My personal acquaintance with this town began in 1848. Prior to that time, as I learn, the towa had remaiaed aearly or quite stationary, celebrated, and very justly, for its age, its distinguished citizens, including several Governors of the State, eminent and incorruptible judges, a long list of able lawyers, distinguished diviaes and staid aad substantial business men ia all departments of industry. Taking 1848, as my starting point, I feel justified in saying that the "rapid growth" of the town since that date has justly been the pride and boast of its citizens. It was about that date that new life, enterprise and energy seemed infused into the whole busi ness and diffused among the mass of the peo ple of the town, and hence its progress, rapid and resistless, ia all that constitutes material growth. Statistics, always tedious ia detail, best demonstrate this. In 184S the popula tion of this town was about 3,900 — now about 11,000. Then there were about 600 voters — now near 2,000. Then the appraised value of her taxable property was f 1,120,000 now fl,960,000. But Ihe material growth has been still more apparent in tlie village of Eutland. At the date named it consisted only of Main street and the road towards Castleton, with no dwellings below the brow of the hill ; now hundreds of acres all around us are covered with comfortable houses and pleasant homes and many stately mansions. Then her business center consisted of some half dozen old wooden oae-story stores and shops, scattered around Court House square; now we have our Merchant's Eow and Center street, lined for long distances on both sides ¦ with massive blocks of three and four stories, filled with elegant stores, affording us a busi ness center unequaled in the country. Then we had but a single newspaper, the Herald, worked upon tbe hand press ; now three weekly and one daily papers, all four power presses. Then but one school-house and 130 scholars ; now 14 large and substantial school-rooms and 1700 scholars. Theu but 3 churches, and poorly filled ; now 7, and more being built. Since that date, railroads connecting us with all parts of the country and from all directions center here. Marble interests were then just beginning to be de veloped, which since have produced supplies for the whole countr}'. In view of these facts, who can gainsay the "rapid growth" of this town? We claim that it is unequaled ia Vermoat, and unsurpassed in New England. It is also noticeable that the prominent business mea of the towa at the date named were in the decline of Ufe, and most of them have gone to their honored graves, and that the very large proportion of the business mea of to day are in tbeir prime, in the full vigor of life, — men who have contributed largely to make the town what she to-day shows hersalf. That she is "happy and prosperous," this occasion and as you see ber speaks more elo quently thaa aay words I caa utter. What shall be har future? Wilh such ele ments of success, such master minds, such energy, such enterprise and industry as has produced what you see, there is abundant promise for her future rapid growth in all that 13 good and great. Fifth toast ; The Orator of the Day— Emi nent alike as a scholar and divine, his emi nence, honorable to him, has honored us. In response the orator. Prof. James D. But ler, spoke : Ml. President and Townsmen : " Emi nent alike .as a scholar and divine !" What a non-committal toast ! Its language is as ambiguous as the utterances of the political candidate, Mr, Facing-both-ways." A maa may be " eminent alike " who is not eminent at all. The sentiment reminds me of a horse- dealer who flourished of old not far from Eutland, and who, wishing to get rid of a RUTLAND. 1035 vicious animal, advertised him as " equally Icind in saddle and harness,' aud warranted him to be up to the recommendation. Nor did he long lack a purchaser. No sooaer, however, did the buyer haruess his horse thaa he was rua away with aad his wag oa brokea to pieces. Thereupoa he called oa the horse-dealer and demanded damages. But the dealer said to him, ".Have you tried your horse in the saddle ? " " No ; " said the buyer. " Why," returned the other, if you had mounted him he would certainly have thrown you off, aad so I hold that the beast is everything I warranted him, — that is, 'equally kind in saddle and harness.' " "In calling oae " eminent alike as a scholar and divine,'' your toastmaster seems to have shirked responsibility aoless dexterously than the horse-jockey did. On the whole, however, I am inclined to think the words " eminent alike as a scholar and divine " were intended for a compliment. But viewed in that light they force me into a difficult dilemma now that I am called up for a speech. For how shall I speak? Suppose •! try to prove the toast a truthful assertion, and that I am an "eminent scholar and divine," thea you, aad everybody, will say, " Thou bearest witness of thyself, thy witaess is not true," and you will charge me with forgettiag Solomon's in junction, " Let aaother mau praise thee, aad aot thiae owa lips." But, ou the other haad, suppose I prove by all manaer of logic that I am ao scholar, and ao diviae. Thea, while you would admit that I made out my case conclusively, you would compare rae to the most beautiful belle ia Rutlaad, who, when she would rouse her admirers to double raptures in her praise, glances in a mirror and exclaims, " How like a fright I look ! was ever any being so hor rid?" My words of self depreciation, one and all, would be set down as prompted by " hopes of contradiction." Accordingly, whether I speak for or against, the toast proposed, I should myself be tossed higher than any bull fighter I ever saw in Madrid, on one or the other horu of a dilemma. But in my despair how to meet the de mands of my toast a hope rises upoa me, for I have beea invited to say a word as a substi tute for CoL G. A. Merrill, whom his duties) in the State Senate prevent from meeting with us at this table. Aad yet the idea of serviag as a substitute is aot altogether flat tering. Only a substitute, only a substitute, — substitute for George A. MerrUl ! Yet who'n my claims to thanks dispute As an unflinching substituto I For of all heroes now and old. Where can be found a chief more bold Than he who on this speaker's block, As gazing-stock aud laughing-stuck. The gauntlet for his brother runs And braves tbe blows that brother shnns ? Who'll then my claim to thanks dispnte As G. A, iVIerrili's substitute ? [Here runs at length in rhyme and humor the olden story of Ethan Allen's offering to be hung for a man if ha should not be hung. Centennial paraphlet page 90-92. — Ed.] Townsmen, in Allen's shoes I stand, ForjG. A. Merriirs fled the land, Tet shall not you, as critics, lack A victim now to hew and hack. While IVIerrill then at large may roam. To execution, Lo I I come ! Who'll then my claim to thanks dispute As Cl. A. Merrill's substitute? Col. MerrUl as a railroad superintendent was expected to speak in the line of his pro fession, although those of us who have ever heard the car whistle are ready to think that the locomotive may be left to speak for itself. Regarding railroads, few men have had more experience as travellers than has fallen to my lot. My first oar ride was 32 years ago, and I have beea riding ever since. My journeyings have been as a preacher, a lect urer, and a tourist in search of knowledge. In 1843, I traversed most of tbe European -roads then in operation, and a quarter of a century afterward was not only on the new European lines, but on others in Asia and Africa. Last year I swept the whole length of our traas-coatinental line to the Pacific. If one should praise the bridge that carriea him well over, then I ought to praise raUroads for they have never harmed a hair of my head. In my Oriental travels I became con vinced that in the material force of steam there lurks a tremendous moral power. * My conviction is firm that steam will carry Christendom,— and that as a Christianizing conquerer, — through aud through the Moslem world. If I were the only speaker, I would de light to expatiate on railroads in their diversi fied influences, — and especially as just now, and notably in Nebraska, preceding settle ment and quickening its pace a hundred fold, , —but I can only allude to a few facts m this 1036 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. our home fleld. The earnings of all the roads centering in Rutland have been tripled during the last six years. Forty -eight trains now enter or leave Eutland every twenty-four hours, and some one of them is passing over its line during every minute of every secular day. Arrangements have been perfected for buUding a new railroad west of Lake Cham plain, which will within two years insure Eutland an additional line of steam commu nication with Montreal. Believing that this progress in railroads and theee prosjiects are due as largely to my friend Col. Merrill as to any other man, I beg leave to close my speech with a senti ment in his honor : George Alfred Merrill — May he continue to rub the Aladdin's lamp of railroads until all the miracles they have wrought shall be forgotten among the greater miracles which they shall hereafter work. Sixth toast : The Poetess of the Day ,- " And long aa poetry shall charm mankind. Her flijwing numbers will admirers find." Eesponded to 'with music by the Wales Cor net Band. Seventh toast: Tlie Elderly Citizens of Rutland. Eesponded to briefly and humorously by Jessie L. Billings. Eighth toast ; The Adopted Sons of Rut land. — We recognize their worth and the ad vantages of their accession, and gladly ex tend to them equal rights aad privileges with those " to the manor bora.'' To which Hon. Walter C. Dunton respond ed as follows : It was not ray fault that I was aot born in Eutlaad, althoagli I dearly love the little town so closely aestled uader the Green Mountains, in an adjoining county, where I wae born, yet, if I had had anything to say as to the location of my birth place, I am quite sure that I should have been born in Eutland. However, I did the next best thing that I could, I married a, Eutland girl " to Uie manor born " for my wife, and our only child was born hare ; and if no uufor- seen event changes my purpose, I shall spend the remainder of my life in Eutland, and, al though an adopted son, will eadeavor to be true and faithful to the town, which, when commencing the practice of my profession, extended so cordial a welcome to me, aot only to me, but to all of her adopted childrea. It was my fortune to spend a few years in the West, and become somewhat acquainted with Western men, their enterprise, activity and treatraent of strangers ; and I have often remarked that I could coatent mystelf to live ia no other Eastern town than Rutland, which more closely resembles, in the charac ter and enterprise of her inhabitants, the thriving and prosperous towns of the West than any other town in all New England. And in no respect is this resemblance greater than in the cordial welcome extended by her inhabitants to all worthy persons coming here to reside. Rutland most emphatically, in the language of the sentiment to which you have called me to respond, " extends to her adopted sons equal rights and privileges with those accorded to heroldest inhabitants." The people of Rutland have ever been ready to bestow honors upon those to whom honors are due, alike upon all, irrespective of the place of their birth or former residence, as the honorable positions assigned by them to many of her adopted sons will attest, of whom time on this occasion forbids me par ticularly to speak Allow me, native citizens of Eutland, at this time in behalf of the other residents of the towa, who form no inconsiderable part of your inhabitants, to thank you for your generous treatment of us. Be assured that it is duly appreciated and will never be for gotten by us, and that it will continue to ba in the future, as it has been in the past, our utmost endeavor and greatest pleasure to co operate with you in promoting the future prosperity of the town, and in making Eut land what her location and great natural resources have designed her to be — one of the most prosperous, thrifty and enterprising in land towns in New England. We will ex tend the same cordial welcome to others who shall hereafter come here to reside, which you so kindly extended to us ; and we are happy to unite with you to-day in welaoming to our homes and our firesides, the former resideats of the town, many of whom went forth to mould and form the institutions of the new states of the great West, and there occupy positions of honor and trust, and of whom you have just cause to be proud. Let us, fellow citizens, not only continue to de velop the resources of our town, and increase its prosperity, but also continue to "build school houses and raise men," so that those EUTLAND. 1037 whom we shall hereafter send forth will honor both themselves and the town by their intelligence, and ba as highly esteemed and useful citizens as those whom we are to-day 80 happy to welcome. As it is getting late, allow me, Mr. Presi dent, to close by offeriug the following senti ment: The Native Citizens of Rutland — Generous, hospitable and enterprising ; the to ,\ n is alike indebted to them for her prosperity, and her adopted sons for their success. Ninth toast: The Centenarian — :Tha coa- nectiag liak betweea the past and the future. To which A. A. Nicholsoa. Esq., respoadedi [Coacludiag paragraph to a speech by Mr. J. Graftoa Briggs, if there had beea time.] Mr. Presideat : Do the spirits of departed oaes ever visit earth ? Do they sometimes come to view the sceaes of their sojourn while here ? Thea, I doubt not, but the souls of Timothy Boardman, James Mead, Zebulon Mead, Wait Chatterton, Maj. Cheney and their associates are hovering within the folds of this pavilion. All ;honor to their sacred memory ! They caused the wilderness to bud and blossom as the rose ! They plowed the first furrows in this soil. They sowed in those furrows the seed of that prosperity which we reap to-day. THE PEOMBNADE COtSTCEET. From the Herald. The Promenade Concert held in the mam moth pavilion, was a fitting " flnale." Whatever may be said of Vermoat baads, the masic furaisbed was of a high order. The pavilioa was handsomely decorated and tastily lighted. When we entered the pavil ion, there mast have beea over a thousaad preseat, still, all had plenty of room, aad but for the aumber of differeat faces oae would meet ia a promenade, we would say that there were few preseat. Daaciag commeaced at 10 o'clock, aad was entered iato with a zest that was refreshiag. Everybody daaced, old aad youag, rich and poor, high and low. Dancing was indeed the order of the night ! We saw many that had not tried the " mazy measures " before in maay a loag year. Quite a number figured ia the costume of "ye olden time." THE ANTICIUAEIAN MUSEUM, In the building adjoining the Bardwell House Block, was open every day during the celebration. Our attention was first called to the gun, aow the property of Dr. C. L. AUen, which was formerly owned by Gen. Ethan Allen, the leader of the Green Mountain Boys. The gun was owned and used by Ethan Allen about 1760. Ethan Allen and Eobert Tor- rence were intimate friends when they wera young men, and exchanged guns for keep sakes. Eobert Torrence gave the gun to his grandson, Orleans P. Torrence, from whom it was obtained by its present owner. Beside this gun, is one taken from Long John, aa Indian, at the Battle of Bennington, by Cap taia William Jeakias, whom many of -our citizens remember as one of the Wealthiest mea and largest land owners in this,section. The Indian afterwards resided here, and is undoubtedly remembered by our oldest citi zens. It is the contribution of Misa Isabella M. Brown, which lady made many valuable contributions to the display. Next, came a gun, the barrel of which was carried by Lieutenant Zebulon Mead in the French and Indian war — was used on Lake Champlain, when Old Put was taken, and was taken into Ticonderoga ou tbe 10th of May, 1775, when Ethan Alleu was there, and was carried in tbe Eevolution by Henry Mead, — the contribution of their descendant, Joel M. Mead. Be.sides these guns, were a Continental $4 bill; a musket flintlock, old Continental, by C. Carpenter; the same by several others; a Continental sword by S. Hinckley ; the same by L. Long ; a sword found on the farm of William Lincoln, in Shrewsbury, about 1800, supposed to have belonged to some one of Burgoyne's officers, it being found where it is supposed his army crossed the mountain, by Parkhurst; a sword captured from the Hess ians by Gen, Stark, at the Battle of Benning ton, and now owned by his sister's daughter, also, a captain's hat, 80 years old, used by Captain Baohot, by .L C. JJunn; a sword cap tured from the Hessians, at the Battle of Ben nington, by Jonathan Warren ; a powder- horn, used by Captain Jenkins in the war of 1812; a pair of horse pistols, which belonged to Captain Jenkins, 100 years old or more ; a Hessian coat and hat, by H. E. Dyer ; an Indian frock, captured from the Indians at the time ofthe massacre in Iowa, Beverly; a pocket-book and papers, 101 years old; a bible 109 years old, used by Mrs. H. H. Al- bee's great grandfather; vols. 10, 11 and 12 of Spooner's Vermont Journal, printed iu Windsor in 1792-3-4, presented by M. Cook; copies of the Eutland Herald of 1808, 1820, and 1827, and Burlington Centinel of 1812, by Horace Kingsley ; a shinplaster issued by ¦Vermont Glass Factory, of Salisbury, of the denomination of $1.75, dated 1814, by Wil liam Y. Eipley ; a copy of Spooner's Vermont Journal, of 1799, by G, C. Hathaway, and a Vermont Gazette, of 1799, by the same; a Psalm book, 105 years old, by Dr. J, D. Greea; a book entitled "Christ, the King 1038 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. Witness of Truth,' H. H, dated 1714, bv Paine ; a singing book of 1708, by the same ; treatises, of 1750, by H, W. Porter; Five Books of Moses, 1737, and a cream-pitcher 130 yoars old, by Miss Pierpont; a work of John Knox's Writings, owned by James Ferguson, of Barnet — the owner being now past 99 years of age, and the book over 300 years old, presented by J. C. Dunn, of Rut land ; a mirror, known to be over 215 ye, is old, in tbe bands of the 9th gener.itinn, a chair 107 years old, and table, ch^ir and trunk that was his great grandmother's, hv the same; a pitcher 113 years old, owned by Addison Buck ; a gravy dish, over lUO yHAl^ old, by Mrs. Buckhain ; a turtle-.'>liell imita tion crockery plate, by Mrs. (;, .\. R, Bis-eU, which was her father's grandfather's, and h now over 200 years old ; a tea-cup. 140 yea s old, by Dr. Cyrus Poiter; a slop-bowl and plate, by Mrs. Sarah T. French wlii^'h her grandmother had at the tirne of her marriage, 108 years ago; a China tea-cup and saucer, 150 years old — came I'rora Holland, and a punch tumbler, very handsome and old, by Miss Mary Baxter; a pewter porringer, 110 years old, by Mrs, Cyrus Porter ; an ink stand, 108 years old, bj' A. B. Jones; a tin der-box used by Capt. Ebenezer Markham. going through the woods from Maine to Nova Scotia in 1796, a pair of silk stockings worn by Capt. Markham, Feb, 7, 1775, on tbe oc casion of his marriage, a vest worn by him two years earlier, a frisk worn by Mrs. Markham before her marriage, a waist worn by the same lady, and a set of coin balances used by Capt, Markham in the West Indies in 1768, — all presented by J. B. Spaulding, who likewise shows a baby's shirt worn by the late Hon. Isaac Kellogg, in 1776; a wooden sugar-bowl, 125 years old, by Mrs. H. Glynn : a cocoa-nut tunnel, 97 years old, by D, Hall ; three spectacles and cases, 100, 107 and 115 years old; a cane by S. Hinck ley, which was the property of the great grandfather of GUbert Breed, and now known to be over 200 years old ; a mirror, which was brought over in the Mayflower, by D. K. Hall ; a birch bark basket, made by au In dian named " Long John," and aa 18-incb pewter platter, belonging to Miss I. M. Brown's father's great aunt, very old; a pod- auger, 105 years old, by Oliver Tinnej' ; a pewter plate and tea-salver, over 100 years old, by R, E. Pattisoa ; a pewter plate, one of a set buried at the time of Burgoyne's sur render, remaining buried .''12 years on the farm in Addison, Vt,, known as the late Hon. John Story's farm, by J. B. Spaulding; a piwler mug, !),") years old, by Miner HiUiard ; a wooden skimmer, 105 years old, bj' F. Weeks ; ll foot stove, 100 years or more old, by J. llask'-U; a brass kettle, 137 years old, by T, L, Fisk ; an eartheru arm-fla^k, 97 years old, by A, Itred ; a wooden salt-mortar, 150 years old, by Mrs. Caswell; an ax used by the groat grandfather of John C, Thomp son, which has passed down three generations, an iron pot, tf9 years old, taken by tha In dians at the burning of Eoyalton, a double linen-wheel, 127 years old and several sto,ii« arrow-heads, by A. H. Post; a stone arro-y- head, picked up by Jarae.i Buckliam 60 years ago. the eye and tongue ofthe old court-house bell, taken from the ruins, by C, Carpenter; two chairs, of a set used in the first State Hoii-^e in the State of Vermont, located ia liuiland, on West street, in the dwelling more recently known as the Jenkins farm house, it being Sii years since it w: s used for the sittings ot" the Legislature; a large arm- fhiiir, 110 years old, hy Joseph Tuwer; a small round dining table, used by Captain Ji-nliiiis, 90 years old; an iron pot, 90 years oil. taken by the Indians at the burning of Eovaltnn ; an arm chair, 100 years old, by JniiK-s Holden ; i « beel- head, over 100 years old, by Mrs, B. Parker; a pair of wooden shoes, by B Tilley; a warming-pan. 150 vears old, by Mrs. Carswell ; a pair of shoe- buckles and two wor-ted combs, 100 years "Id, a warming-pan, 125 years old, by D. S. Squires; two worsted combs, over 100 years old, two loom-reeds. 92 years old, a tape- loom, 160 years ,old. a hetcbell, 100 years old, Jarnes Mc Connell; a pair of cards, 80 years old, Mrs. Sarah Tower ; one hand-faUf 100 years old, D. H. Squires; a wooden plow, made by Stephen Holt, of Pittsfield, tlie first settler of that town, and one wooden plow, 100 years old ; a wooden box, made by the Indians, and found in an old building at Coinstock's Landing 25 years ago, McDuie; part of a wedding-dress of Mrs. Noah Thompson, formerly of Bridgewater, mads with her own hands from flax, in the year 1766, by Stillman Atwood; one christening blanket for ckildren, 175 years old, — it was once lined with pink silk and bound with braid; one blanket, 115 years old, brought from Holland by Miss Brown's great grand mother, a tray made in England 150 yeara ago, by Miss I. M. Brown ; oae coverlid, sup posed to be 125 years old, aad was the prop erty of Mrs. J. C. Thompson's great grand mother, J. C. Thompson ; a genuine autograph of Sir John Franklin, by A. A. Nicholson; a frame containing a New-Hampshire $4.00, 17S0 , and also a striped worsted vest, made by Jennette Ricbe, in Scotland, in 1740. for ber intended husband, Andrew Lackey. She also made a wedding-dress at tbe same time, and her husband's vest was patched with ber dress. It was brought from Glasgow lo this country in the year 17S3, by James Ferguson, and his wife and three children, in the ship Laura Campden, Capt. Gildrist ia command. They were bound for PhUa delphia, 300 Irish and 40 Scotch aboard the vessel, and were nine weeks crossing the ocean, and the vessel run aground near New castle, Delaware ; the 40 Scotch landed, and walked 40 miles to Philadelphia. It is now owned by James Ferguson, of Barnet, Vt,, the grandson of Andrew Lackey aud Jenaette Eiche. A Commission to Lieut. William Dyer in the Vermont Militia, in 1812, signed by RUTLAND. 1039 Jonas Galusha, Governor ; also a portrait of Samuel Dyer, a soldier of the Revolution, painted in 1845. and his account book, com menced at Cranston, R I., in 1784, and closed at Chester, in this State, iu 1814, exhibited by James H. Dyer, grandson of William, and great-grandsoh of Samuel Dyer. A twenty dollar Dill on the bank of Plattsburgh, con tributed by Rodney Pierce, of Brandon, who has had it in his possessioa 50 years ; he re ceived it at par just before the bank failed. A Bible, owned by James Mead, first settler of the town, contributed by R. R. Mead, printed in 1791 ; a copy of Virgil, printed in 1515, edited by Sebastian Brant, and con taining 204 very "curious' wood-cuts, and an English version of Homer's Iliad, by George Chapman, printed in 1610 — both contributed hy Judah Dana; " The History of the Low Countrey Warres," printed in 1650 ; Travel in Germany and Elsewhere, printed in 1454; a letter written by Nichols Goddard, of this place, in 1797; a bottle, presented at the hattle of Bennington to Jonathan Haynes, grandfather of B. H. Haynes, by a Hessian ; a picture of Gen. Israel Putnam, very old aad diagy ; a picture of Mrs. Rebekah Free- maa of this towa, who died ia 1862, aged 97, taken when she was 91 years old ; a chair formerly owned by John Adams, of Killing- by, Ct., great-grandfather of Amasa Pooler, by whom presented ; the wedding apron of AbigaU Leonard, wife of Rev, Warbam Wil liams, married in 1728, and 5 silver table spoons, a part of ber marriage portion. (Rev. Warbam Williams was son of Rev. John Williams, taken captive at Deerfield, Mass., 1704, and brother of Eunice WiUiams, grandmother of Rev. Eleazer Williams, cele brated as the Dauphin or " Lost Prince," and supposed by many to be really the son of the unfortunate Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette of France.) Also table and tea-spoons belonging to Eev. Samuel WiUiams and his wife, Jane Kilborn Williams, married in 1768. All these articles were brought to Rutland in 1792, by Rev. Samuel "Williams, an4 now owned and contributed by Mrs. John Strong of this town. ( Rev. Samuel Williams was the historian of Vermont, and founder and first editor of the Herald.) Here also was a " letter written by our blessed Saviour, Jesus Christ, fouud under a great stone, 65 years after His crucifixion," and reprinted ia Loadon ia 1791 ; a smoking tongs, brought from Englaad before the Itevo- lutionary war, by Rev. Mr. Carpenter, owaed by J. B. Kilburn; a powder-horn, 112 years old, by H. Batemaa ; a deatist's turnkey, 1720; a tijbacco-box, 1760, coataining kaee- biickles,,«leeve-buckles, and an ancient coin once worn about tbe neck of au ancestor, . plaoeythere by a "seventh son" as a charm agaurst " Kings' evU," by Dr, Cochran, West Rufend ; a blanket, 125 years old, owaed by Mri J. C, 'I'bompsoa ; a plate brought from fna 150 years ago, aad used by the great aadfather of Mrs. J. N. Baxter ; a batter's oooliag-iroa — the one with which Anthony kUled Green in a hat shop on Main street, Rutland, 1814, owned by Dr, Orel ikiok ; a pan brought to this country by Roger Wil liams ; a clock made in 1580, presepted by Dr. Abell, the astronomer, to Ben K. Chase, Rutland ; Gen. Stark's dram-cup, presented to him bv Hannah Dalton; a pair of knee- buckles, worn bv Prince Robinson, of Wash ington's Black Regiment; knee-buckles worn by Major Post 105 years ago ; a slipper worn by Sally Cluff, a sun-glass, a pair of spoons, all 100 years old, the property of Mary Young ; spoons made by Lord & Goddard of Eutland, its first jewelers ; a spoon presented by Gen. Israel Putnam to his oldest daughter on her marriage, about 106 years old ; but tons worn in 1759 b)' Mehitable Sperry; sleeve-buttons worn 68 years, by A. Chase, and 109 years old; a shirt-brooch made in 1773 ; shell cased watch worn by John Han cock, made in 1676; a gold Macedonian coin — a double drachma, whose value when coined was $3.33. It is 2,200 years old, and as Lysimachus, tutor of Alexander and one of his great generals, caused gold coin to be stricken with tbe portrait ot his great master on them, and from the near resemblance of the head on this coin to the bust of Alexan der fouad at Tivoli, tha ancient Tiber, in the year 1779, it rnay, with certainty, be re garded as a genuine portrait of Alexander the Great, and hence possesses a value to the lover of antiquity impossible to compute. A solid silver flagon, 102 ye.irs old, the property of Mrs. Jane Kilborn WiUiams; a table- ,spoon, 146 yf ars old, owned by Mrs. Leonard ; a sugar-tongs, a pin, ear-rings and sleeve- buttons, all 102 years old, a plate belonging to Mrs, Sikes, great aunt to Queen Emma of the Sandwich Islands, 120 years old, two pairs of shoe-buckles, 125 years old, con tributed by Mrs. Gov. Williams; a pair of ear-rings worn by Phineas Pratt of New Ipswich, N. H., about 1780, contributed by Mary E. Eipley ; a shirt and sleeve-buttons worn by Surgeon Hodges when on Washing ton's staff, contributed by Hugh H. Baxter; a bull's eye watch, made in 1720; a belt- plate, worn by Gen. Elias Buell of Albany, in 1779 ; an hour-glass 100 years old, an arm chair 120 years old, the contributions of Eli Farmer ; the Ulster Co. Gazette of Janu iry 4, 1800; the Northern Spectator, printed in Poultney in 1826; a pair of vases, known to be 1000 years old — history lost,— presented by a Mandarin (Chinaman) to W. Y. Riplry some years since ; a pistol carried by Gen. Washington as late as 1776, a piece of gun and balls found after the battle of White Plains, and a looking-glass owned by Mary Chilson, the fist white woman in America north of tbe old Mason and Dixon line, con tributed by Ezra Edson, of Manchester ; a worsted comb, used by the grandmother of 0, H. Eounds in Scituate, R, 1., 125 years ago. The contribution of John Cain, ma.de for his son, Captain Avery B, Cain of the U, S. Army, who for years has beea in anny life 1010 VEEMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. on the frontier, was noticeable, and attracted more handling by visitors than it would were it oui-s,_ It consisted of a pipe of peace, jire- Beiited Tjy Red Cloud, two arrows captured from the Cheyennes in battle, needle- cases miule by Sioux squaws, pantaloon stripes worn by a Sioux cliief, match-safe, tobacco- box, poueh and heals, by the same tribe, a blanket and ear-rings presented Capt. Cain by the Navajoea. A quilt. 125 years old, furnished by 0. II Rounds; a breastplate picked up by Christopher Rice of this town on a Rebel battle field, and worn by bim, after the derision of his comrades, at tlie battle of Locust Grove, where it was struck by ,1 ball, which would undoubtedly bave penetrated tbe wearer's vitals but for it. The ball flattened is shown wilh the plate. An oU painling of Major Eaton, and his wile, made 85 years ago; an oil painting of Na thaniel Gove, and Jesse Gove and his wife; an embroidered yiicture made by Mrs. J. C. K. Dorr's grandmother in France, over 100 years ago; a bunch of arrows, with their quiver, taken fr'oin t. Sioux chief in battle bv Capt. Wm, J. Cain, another son of our neigh bor of the Courier, and by him presented to Master Hugh Baxter; a copy of tbe New Eng'anil Courant, published Feb, 11. 172,j; copies of the tirst volumes of the Rutland Herald, by a gentlein.in from Saratoga ; a charter signed by Cadwallader Colden, Lieut - Governor of New York, to Nathan Stone and others, of a township i]f land in lieu of Rut land, which had been granted to them by the Governor of New Hampsliire, and afterward chartered by the Government of New York to other parties, dated July 15, 1771, bflong- iug to Chauncy K. Williams; etc., etc. The Pavilion, or tent in which the dinner was served, and in v/hich was held the Promenade Concert, was situate on the lot purchased by the town, ou wbich to erect a town hall, on the south side, and at the foot of Washington street. It was 210 by 66 feet, and fully capable of seating 3,000 persons. The walls were 9 feet high, and the roof some 2."i feet high at the ridge, the whole supported by 6 stout masts. From the ridge of the roof to the top of the wall on the sides, were hung streamers of alternate red and white bunting, at close intervals while on the ends were numerous streamers, embleraalic of the national ensign, carried out from the centre at the top down to either corner. Around the tent, at the top of the wall, wore interwoven stripes of red and white bunting. About tbe middle of the tent, and in front of the stage, from tbe roof depended the stai-s and stripes, on either aide of which, and extending to both ends, were hung numerous flags and banners of various nations. The platform was ia the center, on the west side, in full view and easy hearing of all parts of the house. To the gas works were attached 138 burners, some of which vvere arranged in the form of stars. One of the most beautifully decorated buildings in the place was the Opera House whose inner appearance, with flags, streamers mottoes, coats of arms, shields, evergreens flowers and other ornaments decking the walls, ceilings, stage, galleries, and everv available place, made it resplendent with beauty. Externally, also, flags and banners were displayed from every window and hung on the walls and over tbe door. Extendinir across the street from the Opera House was a line of flags, in the center of which was a tab let in the shape of a shield, with the inscrip tion on the side, " Washingtoa promulgated our principles, Warren died in their defence— we intend to perpetuate them." On there- verse of the tablet was, " The Memories of the Fathers are the Inspiration of her Sons," the whole bordered with the stars and stripes. In the tent was a painting of a globe rest ing on a shield, surmounted by the American eagle, " E Pluribus Unum" in his beak, the whole surrounded by wreaths of the olive, and on the opposite side of the hall an alle gorical painting of " .\merica — as it was and is," on each of the six masts, pictures of some of our elderly and deceased prominent citizens, trophies of flags, and the coat of arms of one of the six New-England states. At the Central House a line of flags extended across to Kingsley 4 Sprague's block, in the center of which was a banner bearing on one side the motto, " Our Fathers left us the glo rious legacy of Liberty — may we transmit it to posterity — have virtue to merit and courage lo preserve it," and on the other side, "8tain not the glory of your worthy ances tors, but like them resolve never to part with your birthright." Other street decorations were made at the foot of Center street, where there was a line extended from the top of Morse's block to the Bates House, on which was a banner girded with evergreens and inscribed, " Welcome to Rutland," and oa eiUior side of it an American flag. Outside of the flag, on the left, was another of blue and white blocks arranged diagonally, under neath which were the figures " 1770," .^mJ on the right one of red and white block, ar ranged in the same way, with the fig.jres underneath of " 1870." RUTLAND. 1041 Other street decorations were admired which led from Landou's block to Clark's block oa Merchaat's Row, from the Steveas House diagonally to Verder's block on Cen ter and Wales streets and from the residence ot H. R. Dyer to the Strong maasiou on Main street, and one at the bead of the same street. An arch erected ou West street, op posite the old State House, by the members of Nickwacket Eagiae Company, elicited the commendation of all who passed under it. It was trimmed with evergreens and flowers, and ornamented with American, Turkish, Irish and State flags. Colonel Veazey had his owa house decorated finely. The arch was inscribed, " Nickwacket No. 1, ia houor of the old State House." The old State House, the present residence of Martin Spauldiug, was oraameated with flags and labeled with a brief history of it from its building to the present time, and nearly every house and business place along the line of march of the procession showed some em blem of decorafioa. The Herald building was decorated finely outside, and centered with a shield bearing the iascription, " The Rutland Herald, the oldest paper ia Vermont, — established, De cember, 1794." Ia the buUding, the stores of Tuttle & Co. and Fenn & Co. had flags dis played in profusion. Morse's block and the building of the National Bank of Rutland had numerous flags displayed, as had also Dr. Pond at his drug-store, the same at the Bates, Central and Bardwell Houses, the Independ ent office. Courier office, Paine, Bowman & Co,, George H. Palmer, Newmaa Weeks, Bea K. Chase, George W. ChapHa, H. W. Kings- ley, 0. W. Currier, Lewis & Fox, Clark Bros. & Marshall, J. W. Stearns, aud others. R. M Cross & Co., B. H. Burt, George W. HUliard, AUea & Higgins, aad the Rutland Boot and Shoe Company, were the richest looking ou Merchants' Bow. The private residence^ which looked the best were tho=e of Gen. Wm. Y. W. Eipley, Thomas Mc Laughlin, J. N. Baxter, B. H. Burt, Martin G, Everts, Mrs Gov Williams, Dr. Hayaes, George H. Palmer, George C. Eoyce, Albert H, Tuttle, Rev. E. Mills, Geo. A. Tuttle, H. C. Tuttle, F. C. Sherwia, Charles J. Powers, aud James Barrett. At the resideaces of Henry HaU, Gov. Page and many others, were displays of flowers, wreaths and the national bunting. BUTLAND BAPTIST CHURCH. BY EEV. E. MILLS. The first beginnings, early struggles, trials and triumphs of any branch of the Christian church is to the devoted Christian a subject of grateful aad profitable contemplation; and,- did time and space permit, it would be deeply Interesting, from resources at command, to lay before the living membership the evidences of the piety, loyalty to truth, zeal and unwonted self-sacrificing devotion to the cause of Christ, that characterized the constituent and early members of our beloved church ; but circum stances demand the simple statement of a few leading facts. • As far back as 1801 we find a small but vig orous Baptist church ia Centre Eutland; but when it was formed, or what was its previous history, we have no means of knowing. Al the time above mentioned, they were destitute of a house of worship, and, like the primitive Christians, met and worshiped in private dwell ings — for the most of tbe lime at the house of Bro. Alljn Pooler. Rev. Mr. Hurlburt was their minister at the time, laboring for them ia word and doctrine, until 1809, when he resign ed, and for an iitdefinite period they were with out pastoral care. They enjoyed, however, the occasional ministrations of the Rev. Sylvanns Haynes of Middletown ; Rev. Mr. Kendriek of Poultney ; Revs. McCuUer, Sawyer, Har rington, and other itinerant ministers. Prominent among this little band of Baptist communicants we find Deacon Griffith, Deacon Weller, Allan Poolei; Nehemiah Angell, Jede diah Walker, Benjamin Farmer, Esq., Joseph Rodgers, Caleb Whipple, Eri Kendall, Daniel Ford, Samuel Griggs, Ebenezer Rawlins, Phi lander Griffith, and a, few noble, devoted women, among whom were Mrs. Dea. Griffith, Mrs. Dea. Weller, Mrs. Angell, Mrs. Allan Pooler, Mrs. Mary Pooler, Mrs. D. Ford, Polly Ford, Susan Ford, Mrs. Jesse Thrall, Mrs. Beta Rodgers. Mrs. G Dyer, Mrs. Capt. Jenkins, Mrs- Woods, Phebe Briggs, PoUy and Fanny Daniels, and Leapy Maxy. These devoted men and women were, for the most part, poor in the things of this worid, but rich in faith and good works, with bright hopes of better things to come', and all of them have been transferred from the church on earth to the church triumph ant iu heaven. In the years 1813-14, becoming reduced by death and removals, the me'>tings of the above named church vvere discontinued, and their or' 1042 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ganlzation broken up — the members uniting witb neighboring churches. In 1818, several families of Baptists moved from Centre Rutland to Mill Village, now known as " Pooler District," and immediately cora- menced to hold meetings at the house of Daniel Ford, and at the school house. These were mostly meetings for prayer, praise and confer ence, with an occasional sermon by some neigh boring or itinerant minister. For 5 years these pious men and women maintained the means of grace under adverse ciroum.stances, and through all kinds of weather; and there are a few still living who date their first religious impressions from the instructions and admoni tions they then and there received. In 1823 the above named little band of disci ples organized themselves into a Baptist church of 16 members, viz.: Amos Weller, Joseph Barney, Benjamin Farmer, Daniel Ford, Adonijah Ford, Allan Pooler, Campbell Simpson, Dinnis Weller, Experience Barney, Salome Ford, Susanna Ford, Polly Ford, Elizabeth Pooler, Anna Gre- no, Martha Fuller. The church thus constituted completed their organization by the adoption of " Articles of Faith" and " covenant," and the choice of Dan iel Ford as moderator, and Adonijah Ford as clerk. Nov 25, 1823, in accordance witb a previous vote of the church, and in response to letters missive sent by them to neighboring churches, a "Council of Recognition" convened in the house of brother Daniel Ford, consisting of ministers and delegates from the following eburches : Poultney, Hubbardton, Brandon, Whiting, Pittsford, Ira, East Clarendon and Middletown. Elder Isaac Fuller was duly ap pointed moderator, and Elder J. W. Sawyer, clerk. After a careful consideration of the reasons for the organization of said church, ond the presentation to the Council of thoir " .'Vrticles and Covenant,'' it was voted to proceed to the service of recognition in the following manner: That Elder Lsaao Sawyer offer the consecrating prayer; Elder Isaac Fuller give the band of fellowship, and Elder Abel Woods give the charge to the church: all of which was done in due form, and with becoming solemnity. May 6, 1821, the church voted to extend a caU to Elder I. Puller to preach for them half the timo, which service he accepted, and con tinued to discharge until Deo. 2, 1826, wheu the church called Rev. Hadley Proctor, of Chi na, Me., to the pastorate. His labors commenc ed with the opening ofthe year 1827. and con tinued until 1834 — ^years of earnest labor and gracious ingathering of souls. He was a good man, and faithfully fed the flock of Christ. In '34-5 Rev. Samuel Eastman supplied the pulpit: then Rev. Hadley Proctor returned to the pas torate ; but after one brief year waa recalled to China, Maine, where he remained until his death. After the second removal of Elder Proctor, the Rev. Daniel Haskell, a venerated father In Israel, served the church during the year 1837, after which Rev. Arus Haynes, graduate of Brown University, was called to the pastorate, and was ordained to his work Jan. 30, '38, and enjoyed an unusually successful pastorate of 2 years: 90 persons being added by baptism, and 27 by letter and experience: being the greatest addition in any like period, in the his tory of the church. He resigned in 1840, from wbich time the church was without pastor until February 8, 1842, wheu Rev. Joseph M. Rockwood was ordained and settled, continuing his labors till September, '49, when be was dismissed. Eev. Leland Howard, of blessed memory, was next called to the pastorate, who was settled in 1852, and 'resigned in 1860. This pastorate was fruitful of much good in the in gathering of many precious souls; the year 1S5S being signally blessed in this respec. — Some dark, threatening clouds of dissension appeared, also, during this pastorate, and a few drops of trouble fell: but in the providence of God, and by wise counsel, the impending storm was averted. After bis resignation Elder Howard continued to reside among the people to whom he had ministered so falthfitlly and long, until his death, which occurred on the 5th of May, 1870 » The next pastor was the Rev. Francis Smith, fiom Providence, R. I., who commenced his labors on the first Sabbath in May, 1860, and preached his farewell sermon July 27, 1862. Pastor Smith wos a good man, a blameless Christian, and a faithful minister of Jesus Christ. He was succeeded by Rov. J. C. Fernald of Cambridge, Mass., who was ordained pastor of the church, Maroh 23, '64. He remained with the church 17 months — resigning Sept. 2, '65. * Miss Mary L. Howard, dauRhtir of Rev. Mr. How ard, died April 4, 1874, from the ofTects of drinkius ox alic acid for Congress water, two or theo weeks before., Rutland Herald. EUTLAND. 1013 Rev. 0, Cunningham supplied the pulpit from November, '65, to Aug 5, '68. Nov. 1, '68, the present pastor, Rev. Edward Mills, commenced his labors with the ehurch, and up to this date, the relation has been unus ually pleasant, and, we hope, mutually prof itable. Feb. 27, 1827, tbe church and society held a special meeting, which was duly organized by the appointment of Doa. Ezekiel Green, moderator, aud Bro. Amasa Pooler, clerk. Said meeting, after adoptimg a constitution and rules of order, voted to build a new meeting house, and appoint a building committee to superin tend the^work. The following named persons were then duly chosen ; Ezekiel Green, William Green, Daniel Ford, Ira Seward, Cyrus Edson, Joha Smith, Asa Howard, Comfort Barnes, Jr., Lewis Sawyer, Chrispin Tafft, Amasa Pooler, James W. Pooler, Aaron Perkins. This committee subsequently appointed a sub-committee, viz. : Ezekiel Green, William Green, Dan'l Ford and Joha Smith, to purchase a lot of land on which to build said meeting house, which duty they accepted and promptly discharged, procuring the land upon which the meeting house now stands. The building cem- niittee entered into a contract with George W. Daniels to build the house, which contract was fulfilled, and the work pushed to completion. In the Society's meeting of August 17, 1829, the following resolution was passed : "Resolved, That we assess six dollars on each slip (except those already sold) for the purpose of purchasing the land on which the 'Meeting House' stands, and the yard arouad it." Ia society meeting, May 12, '•44, John Smith moderator, it was voted to sell two rods of the Parsonage Garden, and slips belonging to the society, to raise fifty doUars to pay for ' Meeting House' ground. When first built, the internal arrangements of the house were strictly in harmony with the prevailing New England style, viz : pulpit plac ed high gainst the wall between the entrance doors, and the choir extending along both side gaUeries, and across the eastern end of the house. In 1 852 it was voted to remodel and renovate the entire interior: which was done, the house being made much more convenient and attract ive : aud being at tbat time in the centre of the village, it was hoped tbat its foundationa were permanently established ; but in conse quence ofthe rapid growth of our vUlage north aud west of our present location, a more central position for our house of worship has been se riously thought of for some yeai-s; and as the result of prolonged and serious consideration of the whole matter, the society held a, special meeting on the evening of Nov. 28, 1870, when it was voted to " arise and build," and the fol lowing committees were duly appointed, viz: s.ubscription committee. Rev. E. Mills, Melzer Edson, Samuel H. Kelley ; building committee, George A. Tuttle, E. W. Horner, Dea. John Murray; location committee, R R. Kinsman, B. W. Marshall, H. C. Tuttle. These committees have exercised commend- "able interest and energy In tbe responsible du ties assigned them, and the work is in rapid progress. The "corner stone" was laid with becoming ceremony, on the 18th of July, 1S71, beaeath which was deposited the " Church Manual," list of members, and a copy of this sketch. On tbe evening of Feb. 1, 1872, tho spacious and beautiful vestries of our new house of worship were opened with appropriate services; Rev. D. Spencer, of Fairhaven, preaching a very able and scholarly sermon from Psalm cxlv. 11. Officers op the Chuecii: — Pastor, Rev. Edward Mills ; Deacons, John Murray, Luther Angier; Clerk, Benjamin W. Marsha'fi ; Treas- urer, John Murray; Committee on baptisms, Dea. J. Murray, Luther Angier, E, W. Horner, Mrs. G. A. Tuttle, Mrs. E. J. Kinsman, Misa M, Howard. Offioees of the Society : — Moderator, Geo. A. Tuttle, Clerk and Treasurer, Albert H. Tuttle ; Trustees, R. R. Kinsman, Harley C. Tuttle, Benjamin W. Marsball Total list of members in the historical sketch 169 — and 16 additional up to date, (1874) mak ing a present membership of 185. Sunday school membership about 170. First reception, Mrs. Cynthia Tuttle by baptism, Dec. 19, 1824. SKETCH OF THE HISTOBT OF METHODISM IN EUTLAND. BT REV. E. M. HALL, A. M. Much obscurity rests upon the early history ofthe Methodist Episcopal church in this town, in consequence of the loss of the earliest records. In primitive times the circuits embraced many towns, and such records as were kept included only the most general subjects. Indeed there was but one book of records for the whole cir cuit. Hence, as the several societies kept no 1044 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. separate accounts, we can find no data to aid in writing the separate histories. It is certain that there was Methodist preach ing in Rutland long before there was any circuit bearing this name. As early as 1799, Joseph Mitchel and Joseph Sawyer were on the Ver gennes circuit, and extended their travels through all the towns, far and near. In those days their travels often Included territories which required journeys of 400 miles to reach all their appointments; and these journeys were performed every 4 weeks. As there were two preachers on each circuit, they visited each place once in two weeks. This was the rule for many years after circuits were formed in 'this region. Preachers were aent out to form circuits in vast regions, before there were any societies organized, or a solitary member ofthe church to bid them welcome, or to invite them to their hospitality. So did the Apostles of old. At this date, (1799) Shadrick Bostwick was the presiding Elder, and his district extended from Canibrldge, Washington county, N. Y., to Plattsburgh, including all the country between those points, and. employing only 11 preachers. One of these was Joseph Mitchell , a man of rare gifts and abundant grace. He it was who baptized and received into the church the youthful Elijah Hedding, who, for many long years was' the able and beloved bishop of our church; and who died in 1852, in such tri umph as can never be described I Mr. Mitchell traveled but a few years, having located in 1 804. Another of those veterans was Henry Ryan, by birth an Irishman, and by a second birth a Methodist. He was blessed with a powerful frame and indomitable courage; so that the " lewd fellows of tbe baser sort," who thought it an honor to maltreat inoffensive Methodist preachers, always gave him a wide berth, if he showed them his fists. On one occasion he called at a tavern to feed his horse, and as ho was seated before the fire, one of the young fellows said to his associates: " That is a Meth odist preacher." The other replied: "Then wo must keep our hands on our pockets." Ry an aaid : " I should think you had better keep them on your mouths." Another then spoke np -with great spirit : " We cant swallow that." " Then, (aaid Ryan) chew it till you can." Some of thom were thon ready for a flght; but Ryan put up hia sleeve, and showed them his wrist and hand, and said: "Take care; for, if I should strike you, the Lord have mercy on your soul." Tbey were quite willing to keep " hands off." In 1801 Brandon circuit was formed from portions of the great Vergennes circuit, and included several of the adjacent towns, and re ported at the end ofthe year 290 members. Ezekiel Canfield and Ebenezer Washbum were the preachers. Mr. Washburn was converted while a young maa and a school teacher in Petersburgh, U. T., and was a member of the first class ever formed in that place. While traveling in Chittenden coanty, and on the Vergennes circuit, a singoilar and interesting case occurred. In the town of Hnntington there lived a German by the name of Snyder, who had a large family, and bis little daughter four or five years old, sickened and died. They called a minister of the vicinity to preach the funeral sermon. He being an old fashioned Calvinist, told the parents there were nine chances for their child to be lost, for one fbr it to be saved. The German could bear no more, and he gavo a heavy stamp with bis foot and said : " Hold your tongue ; I will have no such talk in my house. I dont believe my child has gone to hell. I believe it has gone to heaven ; and I just mean to go there too." Ha turned to brother Norlon and said: "Neighbor Norton, worn you bring a Methodist preacher to see me ?" Brother Norton said, " I will If you desire it" "When will yon bring one?" said be. Brother Norton said : " I expect one at ray bouse to-night : I think I can come here with him to-morrow." "Do," said he. The child was buried without farther ceremony. The next moming Mr. Washbum went with his friend. The whole family was collected, and he conversed with each one — gave a gen eral exhortation, prayed witb tbem, left an appointment for preaohing-, and went on bis way rejoicing. Soon the parents and some of the children were converted, and a flourishing class was formed, of which Mr. Snyder was the lender. The writer of this sketch is well acquainted with n large number of the descendants of Mr. Snyder, who ai-e Methodists of the true stock. In 1802 tbe preachers were Ebenezer Steph ens and James Crowell, both of them long since passed away. In 1804 Seth Crowell was the preacher in charge. He was born in Tolland, Ct, in 1781 — "born again" in 1797, and began to preach in 1801 — was on Brandon circuit la 1804. He was a missionary in Upper Canada two years — was in New York city two years — filled many prominent positions, and died ia poace in 1826. The next in order was Samuel Draper. Ee RUTLAND. 1045 was bora in Dover, N. Y., in 1776 — converted at 15 years of age, among the first fruits of Methodism in that place. He became a travel ing-preacher in 1801, and was on Brandon cir cuit in 1805, and again in '20. He was of a very cheerful spirit — ^by some considered too much so; but hig obituary says, "Hundreds will rejoice in heaven that they ever heard tbe Gospel from him." He was presiding elder on Cambridge district 4 years, and died in Arme nia, N. T., in tbe 46th year of his age, and the 2id year of his ministry. His colleague, Mr. Harris, was born in 1776^— converted in 1800, joined the conference is 1803, pre^hed as a missionajy in Upper Canada 2 years — was in tilts circuit in 1805. He labored until 1834, whea Ql health caused him to retire; and in '44 he died in full assurance of faith. He was a diligent reader of the Bible, sound ia doctrine, and very asefal in the ministry. In 1806 tbe preachers were George Powers and Samnel Howe. Of the first I flnd no spe cial account in the conference minutes. But of Mr. Howe mueb may be said. He was agaia oa the eircait in 181L He was a man fully devoted to liig one work — very conseiea- llous and prudent. During many of his later years be was- a superannuate, but preached whenever there wag need of bis services. He was an admirer of " Old fashioned Methodism," and rigidly opposed to choirs and instrumental music in tbe churclies. He professed perfect love, and lived in accordance with it. He died a few years since, in the city of Troy, N. T. He had attended the faneral of an aged member of the church, though not officiating ; and after the services he retire From 1844 to the present time the following preachers have been stationed in Rutland: M. Ludlum, C. H. Richmond, C. R. Ford, William Ford, John Parker, A. Campbell, J. Kieraan, A. Carroll, E. H. Hynson, George S. Chadbourne, J. B. Metcalf; W. W. Atwater, J. W, Carhart, D. W. Dayton, A. F. Bailey and B. M. Hall, H. War ner: perhaps a few names have beeu lost, as 1048 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the records have not always been kept in ac cessible placea. Some of theae miniaters serv ed a year and some two years ; aud the society has maintained its position and met ils liabili ties from year to year. About 1853 it was desired to have Methodist preaching in tho East village — this place having increased rapidly in population and business since the railroad was built, and ita offices and shops were located here. Aa the Centre was still tho headquarters of Methodism In town, it was intended to have but one service each Sab bath in the East village — taking no service away from the (Jcntre. William A. Burnett, Esq., made application for the use of the court house for an afternoon service, when there would be no other public service in the village, and therefore it wonld not interfere with any eatablished arrangement. He applied, at first, to the Sheriff of the .county, aupposing he bad charge of the house. By the sheriff he was referred lo the chief judge of the court, who resided here ; and by bim, in turn, was directed to the side judges of the county court. These resided in other towns in the county, and Mr. Burnett addressed them by mail. Not obtain ing answers from them, and a term ofthe court occurring soon after, he waited on those judges, in person. Now came the an.'swer — ^which was a refiasal I They were not willing to have the honse used for any but connty purposes: although Mr. Burnett had, in his letters, offered to give secu rity against destruction or damage, and also to pay rent. — Tlie Episcopalians and Baptists had both occupied the court honse while making repairs on their churches; and the Romanists were using it at this very time — at such hours as would uot have been interfered with by the Methodists, had their request beeu granted: — and the Romanists also used it after tlie Meth odists were repulsed This is written, rot for the purpose of awak ening ill feeling in any heart; but as a historic FACT, which, being a fact, ought to havo a place in the history of that time. If any ol the denomination to which those judges belong ed, are noio (for tbey wero not tlion) sorry for tlieir action in the case, it is an evidence of progress in the direction of candor and Chris tian courtesy. That act was manifestly design ed 10 keep Methodism out of this village : but usnally thero Is more than ono way to accom plish an object — and Metliodism came in by the railroad I Mr. Burnett held a poaition in the offioe of the railroad company, and made arrangements to hold services in the spacious depot. It was awept, and to some extent seated; the gates were closed, and notices were printed and scat tered throngh tbe village and beyond, and on the afternoon ofthe Sabbath Rev. John Parker preached the Gospel of " Free Grace" in that improvised sanctuary. Tbe people attended- In large numbers, and services were continued there during the warm season. Tlie place secured for meetings after summer was over was a hall in Landon's block, which was occupied until the present house of wor ship was erected. This was finished and dedi cated July 21, 1854. The lot was donated by Wm. Y. Eipley, Esq., who, together witb others, contributed liberally to the object. The names of Ripley, Barnes and Kelley will long be re membered as prominent among tbe friends of the cause in this time of need. But there is no name more deserving of grate ful remembrance than tbat of William A. BcKKETT. Tbe Apostle enlt^izes the saints of Macedonia, because of llieir great liberality ia contributing to the relief of the poor saints at Jerusalem — saying : " Th their power I bear record, yea, and beyond their power, they toert wiUmg of themselves.'" So may it be said of this true friend of the church. To his power — yea, and beyond his power — he contributed to this object. To his devotion, self-sacrifice and energy, the cause of Methodism is more largely indebted for a place of worship, than tbe pres ent membership are aware, long wUl he be appreciated by those who know tbe facts in the case. The condition of the church in this village during the years of its history has not been uniform. Like all churches it has had its sen- sona of prosperity and decline. In 1357-8, there were large accessions, as there were to nearly all the churches of the land ; and in 18G0 there was considerable prosperity and in crease. In Rutland, moro tban in any other place known to the writer, Is Methodism subject to continual depletion. It is not the popular church in the place, and so it often happens thut some who have preferred its services in other places, on arriving here seek other com munions: and from Methodist altars have other churches been recruited to considerable extent. This, it is true, saves us the trouble of look ing after some who are too fond of woridly honor or pleasure ; but it Is difficult to avoid the conviction, that if these had remained in the place of their second birth, they would bave RUTLAND. 1049 been just aa useful, just as nappy and just as safe. Wqile the denomination has had to contend with the adverse influencea whioh are, to some extent, peculiar to New Eugland, it has yet held on its way with more or less of success. "Persecuted, but not forsaken ; cast down, but mt destroyed : as poor, yet making many rich ; as having nothing, yet possessing atl things." Tl.e membership is now (1871,) about 150 — none of whom are called rich — yet able to meet their liabilities, and sustain their institutions. They are now finishing a good chapel joined to the rear of the church. It is 31 by 48 feet, and will be of very essential service for Sunday School and social meetings. The building is nearly finished, at a cost of about S 1500. It is i-n contemplation to enlarge the seating eapacity of tbe church, the coming season, and render it sufficiently large, as well as comfort able and inviting. When this shall be done, and its benefits added to those already achiev ed by hard labor and spiritual conflict, il is be lieved ti>e way will be opened for still greater prosperity and usefulnesa. Tbe time for doc trinal controversy with other Evangelical churches having passed by, it is hoped that " Ephraim wiU no longer envy Judah, nor Ju dah vex Ephraim." mSTOBT OP THE CATHOLIC CHUECH Uf RUTLAND BY RT. REV. LOUIS DB GOESBRI.iND. East Rutland — St. Peter's congregation — in this village, as in nearly all the towns in the south part of the State, prior to the erection of Burlington into a Diocese, the Catholics receiv ed from time to time the visits of Rev. J. Daly of the diocese of Boston. When he retired in Oc tober, 1854, Rev. Z. Druon was sent to reside in East Rutland, from which place he visited the missions attended formerly by Father Daly, in Vermont. In 1855 Rev. Z. Druon erected the brick edifice on Meadow St., whieh till lately was used as u church. He also purchased a honse aud lot for a parochial residence ou the same street, and another house on West street, which was used under him, and for some years under his sueceaaor, aa a school. bouse. Rev. Z. Druon, who waa for a few months assisted by Eev. Francis Picart, acted as pastor of East Rutland until November, 1856. He was succeeded in January, 'hi, by the Rev. Charles Boylan, who ever since has had charge of this flourishing congregation. To the perse- verant energy and wise management of Rev. Chs. Boylan is due the erection of the large brick house adjoining the new church — the pur chase of suitable lots for parochial residence, north of the church — but chiefiy the construc tion of the remarkable edifice known as St. Peter's Catholic cliurch. This noble edifice was built by day's work, under the superintend ence of the pastor, from plans furnished by P. C. Keely of Brooklyn ; the stone having been quarried out of the very lot now occupied by the church. This edifice, oue of tho largeat churchea in Vermont, is also one of tlie flnest. It cannot but be remarked and admired on ac count of ils elegant proportions, and of the conspicuous spot on which it stands. Its inte rior finish Is very rich ; and apart from its colored windows, may be admired for its paint ings of the last Judgment, the Annunciation, the Birth of Ghrial, hia Resurrection, and a scene of the holy house of Nazareth. I-n September, 1 873, flve sisters of the order of St Joseph, from the house of Flushing, L. I., came to East Rutland to take charge of the parochial schools. Since the opening of new St. Peter's the schools are kept in the old ehurch on Meadow St. The Sisters of St. Joseph teach about 450 children. When it is remembered that all that has been done in this parls'a was accomplished without exterior aid — ^by the parishionera alone ; who, besides all this have been for twenty years paying towards separate adiools for their children, too much praise can not be given to tbeir devotion and generosity. As a point of history it is well to record, that St. Peter's chureh was blest by Very Rev. Tb. Lynch, on June 29, 1813 — tho Ma,ss being cel ebrated by the Bishop of Burlington, and the sermon delivered by Rt. Rev. F. Loughlin, Bish op of Brooklyn. N. Y. East Rutland — French Canadian congrega- tioti : this congregation, named the " Congrega tion of the Sacred Heart of Mary," waa united to that of St. Peter's, until the month of April, 1869. Under the direction of Rev. G. Gagnier, after worshipping for a few months in a hired hall, they ereotied the present cliurch edifice on Lincoln street. The number of families which worship in this church may vary from 60 to 100. The present pastor (June, 1875), is Rev. L. N. St. Ongo ; Rev. M. J. Cloarece and H. Cardi nal having had charge ofthe congregation after the retiring of Rev. G. Gagnier in 1870. In 1870 the Sisters of Montreal, named the Sisters of the Most Holy Names of Jesus and Ma ry, who keep the well known Academy at Hoo- helaga, founded a house of their congregation 1050 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. \ at East Rutland, chiefly for the benefit of young girls of ('anadiau origin. Their school and boariiing-house are well patronized. It being built on Weat street, it occupies a very central position. They have named it " the Academy of our Lady of Vermont." Rutland Weat Village — St. Bridget's eocgre- gation — Rev. Z. Druon attended to the spiritual wants of the Catholics of West Rutland from the autumn of 18,j4, till November, '56. He built lor them a low but spacious frame house. which was used temporarily as a church and a school-house. Rev. F. Picart succeeded Rev. Z Druon, and was the fir-vt priest resident in the west village. He purchased the house and lot which haa been since used as a parochial residence. The present handsome marble church of St. Bridget, wbich stands conspicu ous on the hill above the quarries, with its walls of white marble and elegant spire, was erected through the care of Very Rev. Th. Lynch. It waa commenced in June, 1860, and dedicated iu November, 1861. The interior proportions of this edifice are very fine, and irije freseoe decorations in excellent taste, Tbe aitar Is of Caen stone, and is a fine piece of •irved work. The congregation is large, al tliough yery liable to increase or decrease i» numbers, according to the demand for work in the marble quarries. Ti is con,^ro£ation haa a large burial-ground on Main street, which waa consecrated by tho Bi.-ihop of Buriington on Oct. 7, 1867. Freaoh Canadian congregation. — The large building BOW occupied as a church by tho Can adians who work in the quarries was erected under the direction of Rev. G. Gagnier of East Rutland, in tbe yoar 1870. Its dlmen.-iiotis are much too large fivr the present, as thero are but few Canadian familibs attac!ied to the place. — The Catholics of this congregation are attended regularly on Sundays, 'oy the clergyman who resides near tho Frent-li church at the east vil lage. Their church la known by the name of "The church of the Sacred lloart ot Je.sus." ELBO'I'ION SIMMONS PRKACHEn BY IIDTLA.VD TOVVN AND COUNTY (^LEKOY. 1779, Bonajah Roots, Rutland— Grad. N. J. C, 1 1 iVt. 1790, Matthias Cazier, Castleton — Grad. do., l7Hr,. 1794, Samuel Williams, Rutland,— Grad. H.U., I7ur,. 1804, Heman Ball, Rnlland— Grad. D.C., 1791. 1809, Sylvanns Haynes, Middletown, (not grad.) 1812, Isaac Beal, Pawlet. 1818, Clark Kendriek, Poultney. 1829, Charles Walker, Rutland. 1835, Leland Howard, Rutland j 1856, Willard Child, Castleton— Y. C, 1817. 1858, C. A. Thomas, Brandon. Tho sermons by Revs. Matthias Cazier, in 1790, and Leland Howard, in 1835, were not published — all tho others were published. - Rev. P. W. White. HEV. LEMUEL HATNES. BY L. L. DDTCHER, OF ST. ALBANS. It happens not unfrequently in this country, that men rise from tho very lowest condition in life, to calebrity and honor. Many instances of this will readily occur to every reader of this artlele. By far the most remarkable e.vample of this kind is fhat of the late Rev. Lemuel Hajm^s, whose degraded and all but hopeless Infancy developed into a uoble manhood, and a most successful life. An excellent biography, prepared by the Rev. Dr. Cooley, with an introduction by the Rev. Dr. Sprague of Albany, was published by the Harpers in 1 8.37. From that work the follow ing sketch has been mainly compiled: Lemuel Haynes was born July 18, 17 53, .at We,>t Hartford, Ct. He was a partially colored man — hla father being of unmingled Aft-icau extraction, and hla mother a white woman of respectable anoeatry in Xew England. He bore up tbe name of neither father nor moth er, but probably of the man in whose house he was born Nothing is said of the marriage of these parents . therefore we must infer that their offspring was tbe child of gnllt and shame. Certain it l.s that he waa abandoned iu his earliest iiifancy, by both father and mother, and was never, to the end of his life, favored vvith a single expression of a mother's kindness. She refused to visit or see him. When he was five months old he was taken to Granville, Mass., and bound out as a servant to Deacon David Rose. Who tliat considered the extroine prejudice against the colored race, at that time, could h,->ve predicted for this aban doned llti-le waif any future, save one of hard- sliip, misery and sorrow. Who could have dreamed tbat this forlorn, illegitimate nigger- baby was destined to become one of the ablest and widest known of N. England divines; that some of Ilia writings, at least, would be pub lished by millions of copies, and read and highly appreciated wherever the English language was .spoken ; that his reputation as a profound the ologian would attract numerous students — RUTLAND. 10,51 among them graduates of colleges — to study for the ministry under his tuition. Deacon Rose and his wife, to their eternal honor let it be mentioned, received and treated him as they would their own child. He grew up healthy and robust, and by his fidelity to his master's interest, well repaid the kindness which had been shown him. In common wilh other children he attended the district school duiing a portion ofthe winter ; but bis educa tion was obtained mainly in the chimney cor ner, by the light of the kitchen fire. While his mates were sporting in the streets, and even around the door, he was seen seated on his block, with his book in hand. Here he atudied the spelling-book and psalter, till he had liter ally devoured them. Hia memory waa ao re tentive that he could repeat large portiona of the Bible, Young's Night Thoughta and Watts' Psalms and Hymns. He united with the Con gregational church at East Granville — but in what year is not stated In 1774 he enlisted as a " minute-man." and thus became connect ed with the American army of the Revolution. He joined the ai-my at Roxbury, Masa , shortly after the battle of Lexington, in 1775. The next year he was a volunteer in the expedition to Ticonderoga to expel the enemy. After this he returned to his former home, where he was fully occupied in work upon the farm. His judgment on all agricultural matters waa auch, that his opinion was always solicited in every movement of importance. Not a trade was consummated, not a horse or yoke of oxen pur chased, but upon the approval and advice of "Lemuel." It was the custom in the family, on Saturday evenings, to have a sermon read in connection with religious worship. Mr. Haynes, although buaily engaged in the employments of rural life, and largely enjoying the respect of those by whom he was surrounded, had, by rising ear ly in the moming, made considerable profi ciency in the study of Theology. Ono evening, being called upon to read as usual, he slipped into the book a sermon of his own which he had written, and read it to the family. The Deaoon was greatly delighted and edified by the sermon, as it was doubtless read with unu sual vivacity and feeling. His eyes were dim, and he had no suspicion tbat any thing out of the ordinary courae had happened ; and at the close of the reading he inquired very earnestly, "Lemuel, whose work is that which you have been reading ?" It was the Deacon's impres sion that the sermon was Whitefleld's — Haynea blushed and hesitated ; but was at last obliged to coafesa the truth — " It 's Lemuel's sermon." This incident brought him at once very favor ably into public notice. It was now discovered by a diaoeraing Christian community, that in this young man were the germs of usefulness. He was advised by his pastor, the Rev. Mr. Smith and others, to obtain a collegiate education ; and a door was opened for it at Dartmouth Col lege : but he shrunk from it. In 1779, however, he accepted an invitation from the Rev. Daniel Farrand of Canaan, Ct., to study with him. Hore he resided aome time, studying the Latin language — devoting part of hia time to belles lettrea and the writing of ser mona. He eomposed a poem whUe here, which was surreptitiously taken from his desk ; and he afterward heard of its being delivered at a certain college on the day of commencement. He next was engaged in teaching a school in Wintonbury, and in studying the Greek lan guage with the Rev. Wm. Bradford, the minister of the parish. By intense study, by night, while the school engaged his attention during tha day, he in a few months became a thorough Greek scholar. As a critic on the Septuagint and Greek Testament, be possessed great skill. Nov. 29, 1780, he received licence to preach, ai"id.ec;rannenced his ministry with a sermon at Wintonbury, being then 27years of age. A Con gregational church .having been recently organ ized in Middle Granville, ana :-• new houae of worship erected.be was cordially and unanimous ly invited to supply the pulpit. It is seldom that a person is invited to become a spiritual teach "V in a respectable and enlightened congrega" °\ in New England, where he has been kiservj from infancy only as a servant-boy, and '^^^ 4 all the difficulties of his early extraction. 'ff- Hs the revereace which it was the custom idded 't age to accord to ministers of the Gosp-'ne, ant^ cheerfully rendered to Mr. Haynes. ' Bor," was ed in Granville five years, and v/hi'icft better Sept 22, 1783, was married to Misa Babbitt, a refined and educated lady others, on qualified to become a minister's wife.iulred of a ten years younger, and survived as supplied three. The ordination of Mr. Hayithat it was, emnlzed Nov. 9, 1 785. > next inqui-,. He next preached in Torringtorl have son?;; Tbe church and society were „ what ij.ud strengthened by bis labors, and bu"is h^seu- sibifity of a few individuals, he'aa./*fld have been settled as a permanent paswtK In July, 1785, he seo out on a visit to Vermont, preach ing in many places with great aojoeptanca. 1052 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. This Stale was at that time just attracting a considerable immigration. The genial influence of science and religion were scarcely felt. A good deal of infidelity prevailed, and boasted of genius, wealth and station. Not a few of the leading men wore open infidels, and exert ed, in many instances, a fatal influence on tho rising generation. Suoh was the state of reli gion in Vermont, when, March 28, 1788, he went to Rutland — having received a call to the West parish. The people were harmonious in t-beir invitation ; and, as they were intelligent and industrious, this was a desirable field in which to labor. Being now in the meridian of his days, he brought forth to his congregation the fruits of a, mind enriched with Divine science, and im bued with the spirit of his .Master. The church, when he became its pastor, consisted of 42 members, most of whom were advanced in life. Revivals were enjoyed in 1803 aud 1808, when large numbers were converted. In 1805 his celebrated sermon, from the text, " Ye shall not surely die," was pnbllshed, in answer to Hosea Ballou, a celebrated Universalist preach er. This discourse has been printed, both in America and in Great Britain, until no one pretends lo give any account of the number of editions. It has been also publishe-i rs u tract form by the American T'-c-.'Societ?, and dis- tributed by mlUiops of copies. This brought him prominently before the public, and the blaok preacher began to be regarded as one of the sharped and ablest controversial writers of the ^ V. He took rank at once among the most c^""i|te divines of New England, and from this jnder {.utlan brward was widely esteemed and honored. 1809 he was appointed to labor in the ^uch t,.|.Q gections of Vermont, and in the course ^w Caijoyp gjj^g fg gj_ A](jjjj,g_ jji^ lecture fhe i^at.[)gg,j properly notified, and some ofthe regularly o,(j ^^-^ y^^y 1^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ resides m „ (.^^^^^ g^j ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ raeeling ?" ^,ige. Tlit-[g,y„gg_ ., Y)o people ever die here In "The chur,^ j wonder how they can find time ELECTION '^^iastical councils he was sought by 1779, Bonajis of Vermont, near by and remote. 1751. about 50 ordinations of ministers ; „\.90, Mattliiijy instances, was the appointed 1785 preu ^ ' ¦ 'e was frequently sent as delegate from ti..,^ leral Couventlon of Vermont, to represent \,' ,n in meetings of religious associ ations elsevvuere. On these occasions he was received and treated with the highest respect, and was geutjrally invited to preach. Political excitement at length interrupted the harmony which for 30 years had subsisted between pastor and people in West Rutland. It is possible that his sarcastic way of dealing with opponents may have had some influeiico in this ; but nothing would seem to justify a severance of the pastoral relation. He, how ever, requested a dismission, and on April 29, 1818, this was granted by a council called for the purpose. The parting scene was deeply painful to the pastor, and to mostof the people. He had gathered more than 300 into the church, and the parish had been greatly enlarged and elevated, under hia miniatry. After preaching his farewell sermon in Rutland, he waa invited to the beautiful village of Manchester. Here he preached about 3 years, and, receiving a call to Granville, N. Y.,he removed thither, and there pas.sed the remaining- 11 yeara of hia life. He continued to preach and attend all tha religious meetings : but it began to be appar ent that age was telling upon hira, both men tally and physically. During a revival, howev er, in 1831, whea he had arrived at the great age of 78, he was punctual at aU the morning prayer-meetings through the summer. Early iu March, ] 833, a species of gangrene appeared in one of hia feet, vrbich threatened apeedy dissolution. Recovering aomewhat, he again commenced preaching in April; but the last of the month he preached his last aermon, bade farewell to the pulpit, and retired in the bosom of his family to die — which event took place September 28. One more was added to that "great multitude which no man could number, who stand before tbe Lamb, clothed in white robe-i, and palms in their handa!'" Dr, Sprague, in hia introduction to the me moir prepared by Dr. Cooley, speaks thus: "Who that beheld him iu the deep degradation of bis earliest years could have dreamed that he was destined to occupy an extensive sphere of usefulness in the church ; to stand for more than half a century a skilful and valiant de fender of the filth, and to leave behind h-lm a name that multitudes would delight to honor.'' ANECDOTES OP PAHSON HATNES, FROM REV. p. H. WHITE, No man in Vermont surpassed the mulatto minister, Rev. Lemuel Haynes of West Rut land, in roadinesa of wii and sharpness of re partee. He was often put to the trial, but it nev er failed. Two reckless young men once made the experiment— having agreed together for RUTLAND. 1053 that purpose: " Father Haynea," aaid one of them, " have you heard the good news?" "No," said Haynes — '' what is it ?'' " It ia great news indeed," said the other, " and if it is true, your business la at an end.'' " What is it ?" repeat ed Mr. Haynes. "Why," said the first, "the devil ia dead I" Lifting up his hands, and plac ing one upou the head of each young man, he repeated, in a tone of deep concern, — "Oh I poor, fatherless children I what will become of you I" He went one evening into a store where liquor was drank, as well as sold. In hia pleas ant manner he addressed the company — " How d' ye do ? how do you all do here ?" The merchant, willing to juke a little, replied — "0, not more than half drunk." — "Well, weU,'' said Mr. Haynea, " I 'm glad there ia a reform ation begun." Mr. Haynes was an earnest advocate of a thoroughly educated ministry ; and often ex pressed his regret that he had not gone through a regular course of study. A young clergy man conversing with him on the subject, re marked with apparent sincerity, that he thought ignorant ministers were more likely to succeed than learned ones. " Wont you tell me, then, sir," said Mr. Haynes, " how inuch ignorance is necessary to make an eminent preacher ?" A neighboring minister, whose house had been burned with all it? contents, was statisg the circumstance 'to Mr. Haynas, and expressed special regret that all his manuscript sermona were consumed. " Dont you think, brother ," replied Mr. Haynes, " that they gave more light from the fire than they ever did from the pulpit ?" He once met a minister who had been oa a tour through the aorthern part of the State, preaching false aad pernicious seatiraents, and said to him, "You have been oa a preaching tour, I uaderstand ; what success do you have ?" " Good success,'' was the reply — " very good success — great success ; the devil himaelf can never destroy such a cause." " You need n't be concerned about that," replied Mr. Hayaes, " he never will try." Rev. Heman Ball of East Rutland, persisted in remaining unmarried, very much against the wishea of his people, some of. whom requested Mr. Haynes to exert his influence witb Mr. Ball to change his manner of life. This he was very -willing to do, being, indeed, already in tbe habit of rallyi'ng his friend severely upon his bachelor life. He was put on the defensive sooner thaa he expected, by Mr. Ball's saying that he had been thinking seriously on the subject, aud had about concluded to change his condition, by taking one of brother Hayne'a daughters to wife. But the rejoinder was in stantaneous: "I greatly respect my brother Ball ; but I also love my daughters, and I can not think of throwing one of them away by such an arrangement." The thought that a Doctor of Divinity was not a good match for the daughter of a colored man, must have operated on Mr. Ball's nerves like an electric shock. At a certain election, both the candidates for an important offlce were open and avowed infi dels, and rather notorioua for their infidelity; aa a consequence of which a great many per sons would not vote at all. On the day of elec tion Mr. Haynes went to a neighboring town to aee a friend, who greeted hira with the ques tion — "Well, Pather Haynes, did you put ia your vote for, , before you left home?" "No,'' waa the prompt reply, " no, when there are two candidates up, and one is Satan and the other tbe Old Boy; I don't think it is much object to vote." A physician of immoral habits in an adjacent town was removing to the West, and stopped at the hotel in West Rutland. 'Mr. Haynea went to the houae, and after exchanging salu tations said : "I am owing yon a small account whioh ought to bave been aettled before. I have not the money, but will go and borrow it immediately." As he waa starting for the money, the Doctor called him back, and handed him a receipt in full, which he had prepared, saying : " Here, Mn Haynes, is a discharge of your account. You have been a faithful serv ant here, for a long time, and received but a small support : I give you the debt." Mr. H. thanked him heartily, and the Doctor added : " But, Mr. Haynes, you must pray for me, and make me a good man. " Why, Doctor," was the quick reply, " I think / had much better pay the debt. " In a large circle of clergymen and others, on a public occasion, Mr. Haynea enquired of a stranger whether the town of waa aupplied with a miniater, and was answered that it was, "Do you know the man 7" waa the next inqui ry. " Yes," replied the stranger, " I bave some acquaintance with hira." " Well, what is he as a preacher?" aaid Mr. Haynea, "ia he a raan of talenta?" "I cannot aay,'' waa the reply, "that he is a man of superior talents. He ia ordinary aa a preacher." "Why, is a large town, comprising an intelligent congre gation. Aa ordinary maa, I think, will aot 1054 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. answer for that place," By this lime the amile which prevailed throughout the room revealed to Mr. Haynes, that the atranger waa the very minister in question. " Well, well" said he, "I think their minister has one excellent qual ification." " What is that ?" continued the clergyman. " Why, sir, I believe that he is a man of truth." THE ItEV. JOHN AUQUSTUS HICKS, D. D. BT THOS. u. CANFIELD, £SQ. In the removal from our midst of one so wide ly known and universally esteemed, as the late Rov. John Augustus Hicks, D. D.,a more ex tended notice is due, than a mere announce ment of his death, to bis high character, his rare virtues, and his official position as a cler gyman of the Episcopal Church. To thoroughly understand his character it is necessary to raake sorae reference to the stock from which he sprang. Of the three brothers, William, Stephen and Elias Hicka, who were of English origin, the flrst and last were Quak ers, and Elias was the one whose independence and energy of character enabled hira to produce the moveraent which gave name to the " Hicks- ite Quakers.'' Stephen and all his descendants were Cbnrch people — his son Oliver H. being well known for many years among the first commercial circles of New York city. At the time of hia death Oliver was president of the North Amerioaji Insurance company — one of lhe pioneer Insur ance corapanies in this country; and his wife is still llvin.g, at the advanced age of eighty- eight, in Hartford. Ct. Their son, John Au gustus, the subject of tills sketch, was born in New York city, Febniary 21, 1802. When fit ted for college, at the early ago of 14 years, his literary career was interrupted, and he entered his father's counting house, where he remained for 3 years, acquiring businoss habits and y:' knowledge of mankind and the worid, which proved ofthe greatest advantage to him during all his subsequent life. At 17 bo entered Co lumbia College, where he graduated in 1823, and then pursued his studios for tne Holy Min istry, in tho General Theological Seminary in New York ; where he received his testimonial in 1826, and was ordained to the Diaconato by the Rt, Rev. Bishop Hobart, in the aame year, on tho 2'.>d of August, in Grace Church, Jamai-' ca, Long Island. ' j He began his ministerial life as the assistant to Eev. Evan M. Johnson, both in Jaraaica land Brooklya' On the lat of April, 1827, h^', ac cepted a call to the rectorship of Trinity Church, Easton, Pa., and in the following monih was a member of the Convention of the diocese of Pennsylvania, voting for the Rev. Dr. Hen ry U. Onderdonk, who was taken up aa the high church candidate, after lhe refusal of tha Rev. John H. Hopkina. (afterwarda first Bishop of Vermont) to vote for himself^ and who by bis vote, gave the election to Dr. Onderdonk; there being but one clerical majority for the high church candidate. On the 28th of May, 1828, he was ordained to the Priesthood by the Rt. Rev. Bishop White in Christ Church, Philadelphia ; and on the llth of September, in the same year, he married Miss Lucy Cleveland, the youngest daughter of George Cleveland, Esq., of Middlebury, Vt. His ministry in Easton was highly blessed, and he succeeded in paying off an old debt that had long hampered the energies of the parish. In .-ipril, 1831, he accepted a call to St. John's church, Troy, N. Y., and resigned it in the fol lowing January, on being invited to Rutland. In Rutland he organized and founded the parish of Trinity Church — Porter Howe, Esq., and the late Governor Williams, being two of bis leading supporters among the laity. The former of theae two atill survives, and attended the Rev. Dr. Hicks as lay deputy to the firat diocesan Convention in Vermont, at which Bishop Hopkins was chosen l;o the Episcopate. This (.'onvention was held in St. Stephen's church, Middlebury, on the 30th and 31st of May, 1832, and of the 13 clergy who wero the asaociatea of Dr. Hicks, and took part in the election of Biahop Hopkina. only six men aiir- vive ; the Rt. Rev. Bishop Chase of New Hamp shire, the ReT. r)r. Chapman, the first rector of St. Paul's church iu this city, and nowof New- 'buryp'ort, M.-i-ss., the Rev. Anson B. Hard, Ches- to-r. Pa., the Rev. Wm. S. Perkina, Bristol, Pa., the Rev. Dr. Crane, East Greenwich, R. Island,^ and the Rev. Louis McDonald of Middlebury, (Vt. Of the 40 laity voting at that convention, tmlj four are known to the writer ai^ still sur viving. Dr. Hicka, of course, as in Pennsyl- v'ania, voted for the nominee ofthe high church Iparty, the Rev. Mr. Hopkins ; the Rev. Dr. John S. Stone (author of " Mysteries opened,") being the low church candidate, and receiving J aix clerical votea. It was a singular coinci dence that Dr. Hicks should have thus voted in two Episcopal conventions in two different dio-' ceses, and in two successive years, and each timo the high church candidate was chosen by one majority of the clerical order. The major- RUTLAND. 1055 ity of the laity, in each case, (especially in Vermont,) was decidedly larger. At Rutland Dr. Hicks remained aa rector for 28 yeara, during which period the parish which he founded beoame, under bis loving care, one of the largest and strongest in the diocese of Vermont. As a preacher hia style was clear, logical, terse, aad always clothed in classical English. He considered thoroughly every subject which he touched, and was content to handle only one subject at a time : hence his ministry vvas more instructive and more fruitful than in the case of many whose pulpit style ia more demonatra- tive. But the fidelity of hia pastoral miniatra- Hona in private was of even more importance than his pulpit style ; and in this branch of his work, his keen and quiet appreciation of character, bis delicate observation, and his qui et sympathies were unfailing. Though u»- flinohing at all timea in his adherence, both to the letter and spirit of the canons and rubrics of the Church, he won many friends among Christians of other names, who knew how to respect a cocsoientious devotion to duty, even when their own views of duty did not happen to coincide. His long reaidence in Rutland en deared him throughout the community there, and widely, alao, throughout the State. When, in 1854, Bishop Hopkins laid before the Convention of the Diocese hia plan for the revival of the Vermont Episcopal Institute, Dr. Hicks waa one of the committee to whom it was referred, and by whom it was recommend ed to the Convention for its approval. In 1856 he was elected as one of tbe Trustees of the newly organized corporation of that institution. In 1860, his voice having so far lost its power, that ita public use was almost impracticable, he resigned his rectorship in Rutland to accept the Willoughby Profe-ssorship in the Vermo»t F.piscopal Institute, with the general charge of the Theological department. He resided at the Instituie in this capacity until 1865, when he resigned both his Irusteeahip and his professor ship. Henceforward he lived in this city, de voting himself to such missionary work in Geor gia, Milton, FairGix and other places, as oppor tunity afforded, and his bodily strength permit ted; and in this employment he continued until the commencement of his last illness, about , two weeka ago. He preached last on Sunday, October 17, in Milton, and was taken ill immediately on his return horae the Monday following, and died Wednesday, Nov. 4, (1869.) On account of his bealth he had accepted a parish in tbe southern part of Georgia, for the winter, intending to resume his labora in this State in the spring, if his health permitted, and would havo left home last week. During his long connection with the diocess of Vermont, the high esteem In which his char acter and aervice were held by tbe clergy and laity, is clearly ahown by the frequency vvith wbich they elected him to the highest offices In their gift. He was chosen a member of tha Standing Committee every year (wiih but flve exceptions) from 1833 till the close of his life ; and most of that time he was chosen its presi dent. To the General Convention of the Church in the United States he vvas sent to repreaent the diocese of Vermont, from 1833 to 1861. For a long aeries of years he was a member, from this diocese, of tbe Board of Trus tees of the General Theological Seminary, and attended the meetinga of the Board with a regularity equalled by but few of those who resided at auch a distance. On iio.mination of the Convention of the diocese, he was appoint ed by the venerable " Society for the Propaga tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts,'' June 15, 1847, one of its board of Land Agents for tho management of its landa in the State of Ver mont; the Rev. Joel Clap, D. D., the Hon. .George T. Hodgea aud the Hon. Charies Lins- ley being appointed with him in the same in strument. On the 15th of July, 1857, he was appointed secretary and treasurer of tbat board ; and these offlces he held until the day of his death. At the conventions ofthe Diocese he was al ways appointed on important committees, and his acquaintance with tbe canons ofthe Church rendered him a valuable legislator. His degree of D. D. waa received, both from the University of Vermont and Middlebury Col lege, in the year 1S47, and also ad eundem from Trinity College two years later. In August, 1860, his wife died, leaving him nine children, five sons and four daughters, all of whom are still living; and what is rather remarkable, none of them have ever been serioi^lxiJW All have been well eduoatedrand~are now ocKipying highly respectable poaitions in society, in the'v?'., rious communities where tbey are residing. The leading quality in the character of Dr. Hicks was a conscientioua fidelity. He held firmly and clearly the diatiiictive principles of the Church to which he had pledged hia allegi ance, and every duty involved in thai obligation was discharged with the most punctilious and 1056 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAG.AZINE. self-sacrificing care. It was owing to thi.s — which is the quintessence of the pastoral office — that he retained for ao many years hia charge over tho growing parish at Rutland ; and hence, too, the lateat atrenglh of his old age was giv en to a mi.'-sionary labor which found him ever ready, ever patient, ever constant, in season and out of season. His reading was extensive and hia scholarahip accurate and thorough ; and he waa ever ready, with uiiiiretendlng courtesy, to place his intel lectual stores at the service of others. He vvas not only a gentleman of the old school, but was a buainess man also, abounding in cool, quiet and practical common sense ; and his services on comraittee aud iu the management of church funds were, therefore, all the raore iraporlant. Even in the delirium of his last sickness, his mind constantly wandered among these, the dearest responsibilities of his daily life, thus proving how wholly they absorbed his best af fections. As a frieud he never affected a degree of feeling which he did not experience, and he preferred to seem leas cordial than he was, rath er than run the least risk of awakening false ex- pectationa or unreal impressions. Modesty and truthfulne.s3 pervaded all his ways and all hia work. Not naturally of a sanguine or hopeful temperament, the mainspring of his life waa found In ailent and tenacious devotion to duty. It ia uo wonder that the unostentatious beauty of a life like hla should have gained friends whose number steadily increased, and whose regard ripened with each passing year, resting like a benediction upon the silvery head which is now laid to rest In its long sleep. TUB LATE KEV. JOHN TODD, D. D., Died at Pittsfield, Sunday morning, August 23, 1873, in the 73d year of his age. His iiealth bad been (ailing for somo time. Mr. Todd was born In Rutland, Vt., Oct. 9, 1800; graduated at Yale College in his 22dyear; spent four years at the Andover Theological Seminary, and was ordained to the ministry In the Congregational church lu Groton, Mass., in 1827. In 1833 he was settled over tho Ed wards church at Nctbampton; iu 1836 he waa called to tho pastorale of the Firat Congrega tional chfiroh in Philadelphia, and in '42 be be came pastor of the First Congregational church in Pittsfield, a position he held for over 30 yeara. Few Congregational ministers were more widely known than Mr. Todd. It waa as an author, however, that he achieved his great reputation, aijd next to Mra. Stowe, it is claim ed tbat hia books have had the largeat circula tion of any American author. Hia "Lectures to Children,'' in two volumes, written in 1834, were circulated in England, translated into French, German and Greek, and printed in raiaed lettera for the blind, and sold enormously — while his " Student's Manual," pubhshed in the following year, had a aale of over 150,000 copies in England, alone. In America 33 edi- tioua of the work were published, while two translations were made of the work for France. His " Index Rerum" has always had a steady sale. As a Sabbath School writer he atood in the foremoat rank ; while, as an author of works fur adults, he enjoyed a high reputation — bis sermons, orations and occasional pamph lets being much sought after. Mr. Todd receiv ed the honorary degree of D. D. from Williams- College, in 1845. HON. JOSEPH BO'WKES. [Read by HeDry Hall before the A'erniont Historical Society at Windsor, July 1st iind 2nd, 186-3.] If we consult our published histories for a knowledge of the leading actors in the draraa of Verraont's colonial and revolutionary struggles, we shall find none whose appearance is so weird and spectre-like as that of the Hon. Jo seph Bowker of Rutland, He glides before our vision, the incumbent ofthe most important of ficial atationa; lie vanishes — and we seek in vain for the faintest vestige of his antecedents or subsequent destiny. It seems aa if he were like the mystic Mel- cliisedec, without father, without mother, with out genealogy, and like the divinely buried Mo aes, no mortal could tell the place of his burial. Appletona' new American Cyclopedia con- taina ample columns descriptive of obacure In dian agents, worthless military officers and insig nificant politicians, but it does not even name hlra, who wa.s, in a modified sense, the Joha Hancock of Vermont. As Bowker died 79 years ago ; as hia only sur viving heira were two married daughters, whose descendants are said to be in the far west; as his official filea in the county clerk's office were probably burnt half a century since, with a mass of other papers, as useless lumber, there remains only brief documentary and oral evi dence, from which to gather a few scanty facts, that, woven into far too beggarly a wreath, are brought as a votive offering on the altar of that American historic muse, who has, in our sister States, swept through fame'a marble halls, with her garments all trailed ia light ; albeit, in our RUTLAND. 1057 humble State, she has worn rather the lowly guise of crusading pilgrim, with palmer's staff, cockle shell, and sandal shoon. Aa iatelligeat lady cotemporary told me that Bowker was early left aa orphan — brought up in the family of a Mr. Taintor, a prosperous farmer, — privately betrothed to his daughter Sarah, drafted into the army during the French war, in the garrison at Ticonderoga oue or two years, — he returns with so good a reputation that he soon becomes the sou-in law of his qua si guardian. The time and place of his birth are as yet unknown. According to one who came to Rut land three years after Bowker's death — the late Hon. J. D. Butler — no mean authority ou any subject of which he ever spoke — Bowker came from Sudbury, Mass., or near there : a section of country that has abounded iu Bowkers and Taintors for aearly two ceaturies. In October, 1773, we find Bowker in Rut land, with the title of Captaia (military titles then were not prejudicial to one's reputation for capacity or iutegrity) Moderator of a Proprie tors' Meeting ; one of the committee to fiad the centre of the towa ; chairmaa of the commit tee to inspect proprietors' titles, &c., and with hia wife, becoming a member of the Congrega tional church, then and there established. He saon appears a general office-holder for town, county and State; one of the Committee of Safety ; a magistrate very generally sought for the execution of conveyances, for the adju dication of legal rights, and for the trial of to ries ; town treasurer, selectman, town repre sentative, member of the Governor'a Council ; on all committees, financial, political, ecclesias tical or legislative ; member of the Board of War, commissioner for the sequestration of to riea' estates ; Judge of the Probate aud coun ty courts, and Chief Judge of a special co«rt, appointed by the first Legislature. About 1780, Bowker, Cragborn, Henry Strong and John Smith built a saw mill about eighty rods from the main north and south road, on Handpole, Moon's or Tuttle's brook. A portion of his farm abounds in clay, and an inventory of his estate shows a note of $13 against John Forbes for three thousand brick. Thus he seems ubiquitous, everywhere present, in all the political, legal, refigious and business ope rations of society, sympathizing with and parti cipating in all the efforta ofthe Infant colony, for defence, organization and improvement. The nature of some of his miscellaneous ser vices for the public will appear by extracting a few items from his account, viz. " State of Vermont, to Joaeph Bowker, Dr. Nov. 1777, to attending vendue one day, 6s July, 1778, to attending vendue one day, 43 To writing three leases, 3a To one day in leasing Rockwell's lot, 23 To cash paid Gideon Cooley for boarding and transporting the families of Perry and Shorey to the lake, £ 2 6g Sept., 1778, to cash paid to Daniel Wash burn for boardingthefamily of Robert Per ry five weeks, £2 To journey of myself and horse to Tin- month and attending tha trial of John Mc- Neal, 9s Jan., 1780, to journey to Manchester of myself and horse, 38 miles, 13a4d To eight days service iu drawing a lot tery, at 7 s per day, ¦ £ 2 9s ¦To two dollars paid to widow Weller, for house room and firewood, 123 To six bushels Indian corn for use of the State, 18a To journey to Sunderland to attend the council, 42 miles, ]3a To one day's services, 73 To one day of myself and horse to Cas tleton, 9s To one day weighing bread and forward ing provisiona, 43 To one day of mau and horse to traus- port provisions to Pittsford, ' 9a To cash paid Nathau Pratt for transport ing tory women to the Lake, £ 2 23 2d April, 1780, to paper to Captaia Parm- lee Allen, £ 5 3s 2d On the 20th of October, 1779, he received from the State treasurer, £ 8 8s "for examining accounts of a committee to build a fort at Pitts ford," and on the 22nd of February, 1781, 63 " for examining a muster roll." The following are significant : '¦ Clarendon, Jan. 21, 1778. Received of Joseph Smith, commissioner of Sequestration, four pounds one shilling aud five pence, L, M., for my lime setting with the com mittee to try tories. Joseph Bowkeb." "In Council, 25th Nov., 1777. Captain Bowker, Sir: The confusion and multiplicity of business occasioned by tbe un happy war, in the northern department, since tbe appointment of thia council, has prevented their being able to get the constilutlon printed ; which obliges us, this council, to desire you to call together the old convention ; to meet at Windsor, on Wednesday, the 24th of December next, which you will not fail to do. I am air, by order of Council, Your most obedient servant, Tho.\ias Chittenden, Preaident," "In Council, Bennington, Feb. 17, 1778. To Captain Joseph Bowker, Sir : I Whereas, complaint is made to this council. 1058 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. by deaoon John Burnap, that Moses Olmstead and Owen, of Pittsfield, did, in Decem ber last, take from him about twelve hundred weight of iron, which is detained from him; he therefore desires this council that they would direct him in what manner he may obtain his property again. Therefore this council recom mend to call together the members of the sev eral committees In Rutland and the neighbor ing towna, to the number of five, to judge and determine the case pending between the above parties according to juatice and equity. By order of council Thomas Chittenden, Preaident." If the remuneration, for the above named servicea seem paltry, we must remember the y^enury of the people, the exhaustive effects of the war, the scarcity of money, there being then only one bank in the nation, and but little spe cie ; State orders and individual notea being the chief circulating medium ; also a custom, prev alent among the public men of those days, as among the early invalid visitors to Clarendon Springs, namely, that of carrying their provis iona in their portmanteaua and trunks, and therewith boarding theraselvea. [Perhaps alao the patriots of the revolution hungered and thirated after the public treasure with less greed than the army contractors, et id omme genus, do now.] But the positions in which Bowker is tbe best, or only known to the general public, are, that of president of those conventions that as serted the State's independence and framed tke first conatitution, and that of apeaker of the houae of representatives. Was it any honor to preside over auch asaemblagea ? What vvaa the character of their merabers ? We need not be told that the early settlers of Verra out were not Chevalier Bayards or Sir Phillip Sidneys in scholarly and courtier-like accomplishments. Chiefly tillers of the soil, only a very few of them possessed either wealth or profeasional culture. The supreme court had dispensed law to the State almost a decade of years before the election of Nathaniel Ohipm.an aa judge, tho first lawyer ever on that bench. Yet. wore not the people, generally, thoroughly educated ua to their legal and political righta? Gage, the laat Britiah governor of Masaaohusetts, wrote to the home government, that every subject iu his province waa a lawyer oraamattereratlaw. Edmund Burke, on the 22nd of Maroh, 1775, told the Britiah Houae of Ooramons that the fierce apirit of liberty vvaa stronger, and the supply of lajv more general ia America thaa in any other country in the world ; tbat he was informed by the bookseller that after tracts of popular devotion, lawbooks were moat eagerly sought ."or by the Americans, and that about as many copies of Blackstone's Commentaries on the Engliah laws were sold, in these colonies, with a population of two and a half millions, as in all England with seven and a half mil- llona of people. If the four colonies of New England were settled by some of the beat blood of Old Eng land, was not Vermont settled by some of the keenest intellects and strongest reasoners. as well as by the bravest soldiers, the best shots, and the best farmers ofthe seaboard colonies? Summon before you in dense array from mem ory's archives, the soldiers, statesmen, politi cians, legislators, governors, judgea and exec utive officers generally, that adorned Vermont's early hiatory, and say, was it a slight compli ment to be always called upon to preside over the solemn councils of such heroes? Why did not someof his talented and ambitious com peers, at least once, achieve that honor? Does not his invariable election as presiding officer, bespeak him pre-eminently familiar with parlia mentary usages, self possessed, courteous, im partial and quick of apprehension ? Let us turn our attention to his pursuits and tastes. In 1774 he bought 150 acres of land, and sold 50 acres. This was his only trading in Rutland lands, and thus during the last ten years of hia life, he owned and occupied 100 acrea of land. In hte deed be modeatly styles himaelf a yeoman, while aome of bis brother farmers, in their deeda, call themselves gentle men ; yet at his death ouly 30 acres of his laud were improved. His official duties perhaps oc- CHpied more of his time than his farming. When we see that the treasurer of tbe State, on tho 12th of February, 1779, paid him £ 24 bounty, for killing three wolves, we might infer him to have heen somewhat of a Nimrod; but this is, at least, partially negatived by turning to the inventory of his estate, where we fiud neither gun, pistol nor sword. ' He vvas sucb a general business man we should naturally conclude that he must have bad libra ry enough to post himself in all political, legal, financial and ecclesiastical affairs ; yet we have no evidence that he died tbe possessor of a ijingle volume. There is oral, but no recorded, evidence, that he was an officer of the church, and he died as a Christian might wish to die, in the midst of a religious revival. RUTLAND. 10.19 He built his house of plank, when about all the other houses in town were of logs, and added thereto a lean-to, or semi-veranda ; yet his residence could scarcely have been palatial, for it was appraised at only £ 40, just the ap praisal of the sawmill, of which he owned one quarter, while his barn was valued at £ 28. His style of housekeeping could not have been very aristocratic, for all his household fiimiture waa worth only about £ 50. Admire the selection of his home in this wil demess. His farm, lying on the east side of Main Street road, extended 100 rods south, from about Green Street, to and including a part of Handpole Brook, and a half mile eaat of said road, he locates hia dwelling, fronting towards the south, abo-at half way down thi% noble slope of a pleasant hill (although now undervalued and desecrated by unfit tene ments) and Ibere, during'the last ten years of his life — ^ten years of highly usefill and honor able exertion — with the mountain majesty of Killington on the east. Otter Creek on the west and the deep forests everywhere, he saw a State rise out of political chaos, peace between the United States and Great Britain, courts and churches duly organized, and the founda tiona laid fbr a framed courthouse and church, in the towu whieh had moat honored hira, and been most honored by hira. Prominent as Bowker was, why was he not, like hia townsmen, Sylvanus Browa, John Smith and Peleg Sunderland, denounced, outlawed, and "¦ price offered for his head, by the gov ernment of New York 7 As he was a mod est, anaaauming man, of few words, probably his tastes did not incline him to engage in those acts of forcible resistance to the belligereBt and official Yorkers, then deemed auch efficacious and medicinal remedies against oppreaaion. We know also that he was no land apeeula- tor ; bought no land in Rutland until 1774, and died seized of no real estate but bis home farm, if we omit oae right of land in Starksboro, and another in Medway or Mendon. Bowker died between the 10th of April and the 2d of Sept., 1784. There waa no burial ground in Rutland then, except the one at Rut land Centre, and somewhere in that public acre his remains were buried. The Rev. Jacob Wood, a revivalist, attended hia funeral. The funeral procession had nearly completed its walk of two miles whea Mr. Wood suddenly leaped upoa a stump, aad turning towards the moarnera aad their frienda, cried, " Hark I at the day of judgment it will be an honor to be a Christian :" then jumped down and silently walked with the rest towards the graveyard. We regret tbat the grave of Vermont's great Jurist, Nathaniel Chipman, is unhonored by any monument, obelisk, tablet or slab ; yet that disgrace can be removed ; but our regret ia sad der, because unavailing, wheu we conaider that the grave ofthe president of thoae conventions that gave Vermont her political existence and form, is not only unhonored, but literally un known. Notwithstanding the numeroua and responsi ble officea held by Bowker, he died almost as honorably poor as Aristides : his whole eatate being appraised at about % 1750, a very mode rate competence, even in those frugal days. — ¦ But whatever elae he left or failed to leave, the fragrance of a good name embalms his memo ry : tradition breathes not the slightest mist upon hia fair fame. Mrs. Mercy Smith, a mem ber of tbe first family aettled in town, declared him to be "one of the fineat of men, and reli gioua." Wm. MoConnell, a neighbor, asserted that " he waa the only man around here that knew anything — justice, judge, repreaentative, deacon, &o." The late H, Strong, another neigh bor, said, " Joseph Bowker was one of the com mittee of safety ; he was greatly looked up to for counsel, much esteemed for his great and ex cellent qualities, for many years the moat con siderable public man ia town, and, during tho troubles of the war and the negotiations with Canada, be was alwaya resorted to, solely for counsel and advice." The Rev. Dr. Hemaa Ball, who came to Rutland about twelve years after Bowker's death, leaves on record this ca-s- iial testimony: " Judge Bowker, who was often mentioned to me in language of much respect." Who does not wish that photography had been invented by Adam, and never since a lost art, that we degenerate moderna might gaze upon the featurea of the mighty dead of all ages ? If we imagine Bowker standing before ua, about five feet and seven inches in height, aloutly built, dressed in his favorite suit of blue, — blue coat, blue overcoat, blue vest, blue breeches, sometimes varied with cotton and linen breech es, and pometimea, again, with leather breeches, long stockings, ailver buttons, silver stock buckle, silver bosom brooch, silver knee buck les and silver shoe buckles, we shall, per haps, have the best likeness now attainable, of "this fine old New England gentleman, all of the olden achool." 1060 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. EEV. BENAJAH ROOTS. CT REV. ALDAOEWALEEB, D. D. Rev. Benajah Roots, one of the first settled pastors in Vermont, was born in 1726, In Woodbury, Ct. Of his early life I can ascertain nothing. He was graduated in 1754 at Prince ton College, N. J., with 19 classmates, 12 of whom became ministera. He studied divinity with Dr. Belamy of Bethlehem, Ct. In 1756 he waa employed to preach in Simsbury, Ct., and was ordained there, Aug. 10. 1757, and remained 16 years. During his laat few years there, there was much difficulty. February, 1770, a council was called by mutual desire, to hear and give their sentiments upon sundry exceptions said merabers had to make to some of Mr. Roots' doctrines, and also to some in stances of his conduct relative to church disci pline. No formal charges were made against their pastor ; but thera were some supposed matters of difference, and grounds of complaint. The "result" of the council, and =i "A few brief Remarks" in reply, by Mr. Roots, were published that year. On reviewing the points of difference in doc trine, as presented by the " Result of Council," and the " Brief Remarks," the conclusion is forced upon ua, that according to the principles of Orthodoxy as how understood in New Eng land, he stands high above his judges — as he certainly does in comprehensivenesa and elear- uesa of thought, and command of language. .\nd one can hardly read the pamphlets referred to without the reflection that, however it may be with the vaunted Ecumenical Council, Con gregational councils may err. Tha council does not intimate that there is any occasion for the dissolution of the pastoral relation. A hope is expressed that " One and all will study the things that make for peace and mutual edifi cation." Ho was dismissed the next summer after this Consociation, and soon after came to Vermont. Tho oarly settlors in Rutland were most of them from Simsbury and neighboring towns. Tlie way waa open to emigrate with some of his floek, and onco more become their pastor. Here he gathered tho West Rutland church, though it was organized near the Centre, October 26, 1773, — the flrat Congregational church organ ized in thc county, and the second on tbe west side of tho mountains In the State. Tho sermon which Mr. Roots preached was printed, In the preface he says he knows of but one settled Congregational miniater, in tbo whole region of sountry between Massachusetts and Canada, and the Hudson and Connecticut riv ers. There were at tbat time about 30 families in the town. As near as can be ascertained, he engaged to preach for 5 years, and take the lot of laud reserved for the first settled minister for bis compensation, though the land according to the original designation became his of right at the time of his installation. He fulfiled the contract on his part, though the latter part of the time his bealth was poor. It is erroneously Slated in tbe history of congregational minis tera and churches, of Rutlaifd county, published in the Quarterly Register, that " the settlement right, coming into his hands in consequence of his installment, became property of very con siderable value to his family." This statement was made, it is presumed, under the apprehen sion that thia "settlement right" was the lot of land upon which Mr. Roots and family lived ; which is one of the most valuable farms in the town. But an examination of the true record shows that this lot, with another of 100 acres on tbe opposite side of Otter Creek, and 400 icres of uncultivated land, in tbe township were pur chased by bim, and deeded to him, before he moved to Rutland, for £ 195, paid in hand. — The " minister's lot" was located near tbe N. E. corner of the town, among lands whioh, until within 20 years, have been regarded aa haviag little more than a nominal value. After 5 years, some feeling ia said to have arisen among the people, because their pastor was unwilling to preach longer without further compensation, and other ministers were em ployed, to some extent; but ba is supposed to have officiated most of the timo, when he was able, till his death, in abont 14 years. The church first coasisted of 14 merabers; for 12 years there were but six added. This embraces the Revolutionary war period ; aot a time of prosperity to any of our churches. In 1784-5 there was a revival which brotight In 49 new members. Abont 4 years before the colony bad left to establish the charch and society in tbe East Parish, the pastors resi dence was 2 or 3 miles distant from the church : and frequently, on account of poor health, he was unable to attend. One Sabbath when thus known to be ill, and not expected, he rode up. When some of the brethren expressed surprise at seeing him out, he replied, that he dare not stay at liome, for it was sfrongly impressed upon h is mind ihat the Lord would be there. His people thought they never heard their pastor preach aa he did that Sabbath ; thus commenced that refreahing from the nresence of the Lord RU'lLAND. 1063 which changed the whole aspect of the commu nity, and gave atrength and stability to the church. Mr. Roots labored with all his heart, assisted, part of the time, by Rev. Asa Burton of Thetford, and Rev. Joel Swift, soon after set tled in Bennington : but he was doing his last work. Consumption had marked him ; slowly he sank down into his rest, to sleep with the generation to which he had preached. Hia grave-stone informs us that he died March 15, 1J87, in his 62d year. Prom the little left of Mr. Roots' writings, it may be gathered that he was a man of strong mind, comprehensive views and sound scholar ship. He received the degree of A. ,M. from liis Alma Mater, and also from Yale and Dart mouth. In Rutland he acquired the reputation of a strict disciplinarian, in church matters, of- fenoe having been given to some by the ex- communication of a promioent member. As a pteaeber he is said not to have been eloquent in manner, but he gave plain utterance to im portant and well arranged truth ; and he spake in earnest The aged man in Simsbury, before referred to, says, " After he had been settled some years in Rutland, he came back on a viait and preached, from Luke, iv. 1 6-20. This dis- ooiirse was very appropriate, and excited much interest." The sermon preached at the organ ization of the ehurch, in Rutland, may be taken as a specimen of hia style. He speaks of it as having been prepared iu the wilderness, without the ordinary helps which ministers have; and he consents to its publication be- •ause he expects many of them will be scat tered in the wilderness, where books are scarce ; and, he continues, " if they may be of service to form, ia the mind of any, just sentiments of the true church of Christ, and awaken in them an earnest solicitude to belong to this churoh, my end, in some measure, will be ac complished." The sermon is certianly not such an one as we are sometimes given to under - stand are needed to " interest" the people in our new settlements, at the West. But I h-ave no doubt those strong sinewed, strong minded men, who have turned aside, for a day, from the ragged labors of the field, to establish gospel institutions for themselves, and tbeir descendants, eould follow out its reasonings, and appreciate its truths, and thus doing were' both interested aad profited. ISRAEL SMITH, The fourth Governor of Vermoat, was bom iu Suffield, Ct., the 4th day oP-'-^^i practised in graduated at Yalo College in f'.ecame cashier of He first came to Vermont in 'I' |Carmi, whera mediately commenced the practice , i^ereantile Rupert, in the county of Bennington. was the representative from that town to*''?."*^' Legislature of Vermont duriug the yeara 1785^*- '88, '89 aud '90, and was, in 1786, elected one of the justices of the peace for that county ; this being tbe first election of that officer under the State government. In 1789 he, together with Isaac Tichenor, Stephen R. Bradley, Na thaniel Chipman, Elijah Paine, Ira Allen and Stephen Jacob were appointed commisaionera "to ascertain, agree to, ratify and confirm, a jurisdictional or boundary line between the State of New York and the State of Vermont, and to adjust and flnally determine all and ev ery matter and thing, wbich, in any wiae, ob- atruct a unioB of this State with the United States.'' Having accomplished the object of their appointment, he was chosen a delegate to the Convention whicii assembled at Benning ton January, 1791, to consummate the measure, by ratifying the constitution of the United Statea. Soon after the cloae of the Coaveation, and during the same year, he removed to Rutland, deeming it a better field for the practice of his profession; but in the fall of 1791, Vermont being now one of the United States, and enti tled to two representatives in Congress, he waa elected with great unanimity to repreaent the diatrict composed of the towns west of the Mountains, an^ waa re-elected in 1793, and again in '95. In the spring of '97 he waa again a candidate for re-election ; but having iden tifled himself with the anti-Federal party, then beginning to be known as Republicans, he W33 defeated. In the fall of the same year, howev er, he was elected to represent the town of Rutland in the State Legialature ; and on the assembling of that body it was found that there had been a change in the political atmosphere of the State, and tbat the Republicans were in the majority, and he was elected chief justice of »the Supreme Court. It was, saya one of the historians of Ver mont, during the session of the Legislature of 1798, " that proscription on account of political opinion was first practised in the distribution of civil offices in Vermont. Israel Smith, who held the office of chief justice of the State, and who was a man of uncorrupted integrity and virtue, was dropped on account of his attach ment to the Republican party, and another per son chosen in hia stead." 1060 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Smith was the candidate of ' party for Governor, and was . Jiat office ; but during the same Bev. Ber^^gjjjjj elected to represent the west- pastors ^Yrlct of Vermont iu Congress : at the '^oo'i'of that torm, March 4, 1803, he took his "Seat in the Senate of the United Stales, having been elected to that position the October pre- vlona. In October, 1 807, having been by the people elected governor of the State, he realgned his seat In the United States Senate. In his mes sage he called the attention of the Legislature to the penal code of the State, and recommend ed the abolition of corporal punTshment for minor offences, and the substitution of impris onment in lieu thereof The Legislature acted upou his recommendation, and passed the laws necessary to that eud. He held the office of Governor but a single year. In the act pasaed Nov. 1, 1800, incorporat ing Middlebury College, he vvas named one of the Fellows or Trustees, and continued as saeh till his death, whieh occurred at his residence in Rutland, the 2d of December, 1810, at the age of 51. His son, William Douglas Smith, an attorney of Rutland, graduated at Middlebury College in 1801, and was clerk of the House of Rep resentatives of Vermont, from 1809 till his death, Feb, 22, 1822, in the 37th year of his age, — Published in Rutland Daily Herald, 1857. mortality of the rutland county bar, from March 10, 1861, to March 2S, 1866. Williams, practlsed--in Brandon -died at Rulland March 10, 1861, Charles L and Rutland- aged 40. Edgar L. Ormsbee, Rutland, died Nov. 24. 1861, aged 513. Benjamin F. Langdon, Castleton, died May 31, 1862, aged 64. • Almoii Warner, Poultney and Caatleton, died at Castlelon, July 14, l.'. Samuel D. Wing, Brandon, died (.Ictober 30, 18113, iigod 40. Charles Linsloy, Rutland, died at Middlebu ry, Nov, ;!, 186;i, aged 6S. Obadiah Noble, Tinmouth, died March 6, '61, agod 87. James R. Newell, Pittsfoi-d, died Aug. 20, '64, agod 55 Robert Pierpoint, Rutland, died Sept 23, '64 aged 73. Spencer Green, Danby, died in the hoapital, at Point of Rocka, Maryland, Dec. 27, 1864. Horace Allen, Poultney and Rulland, died at St. Paul, Minnesota, May 3, 1865, aged 42. Gordon Newell, Pittaford, died July 3, 1865, aged 67. Ambroae L. Brown, Rutland, died Sept. 22, 1865, aged 69 yeara and 11 months. Jamea L. Harris, Poultney, died March 11, 1866, aged 78. Solomon Foot, Rutland, died at Washington, D. C. March 28, 1866, aged 64. COL, JESSE GOVE, Son of Nathaniel aad Esther (Tyler) Gove, was bora in Bennington, Feb. 20, 1783, and fitted witb Samuel Wataon, Esq., cf Rutland. He read law with Cephas Smith, Jr., Esq., of Rut land — was admitted to the Rutland county Bai at tbe March term of 1818, and thereafter re sided in Rutland. He married, Jan, 4, 1809, Sophia Ingersoll In 1809 be was appointed Clerk of tbe United States District and Circuit Courts for the District of Vermont, aud held the office till bis death. He was appointed Postmaster at Rutland, April 9, 1841. Heal so attained the rank of colonel in the militia. RUTLAND GRADUATES AT lIlDDLEBtTRT COL LEGE. Class of 1 804. — Thomas E. Hale ; went tr Portland, Me., to reside witb an uncle — ^becamr a lawyer, and settled in Castine, Me., where he died subsequent to tbe war of 1812. Class of 1807. — Mills Purdt, bom In Wesl Rutland, Sept. 19, 1788. and fitted at Addison county Grammar School. He was preceptoi of .St. Albans Academy a few months in 1867- 8 ; read law in Granville and Champlain, N. Y, and, in 1818, commenced practice in Malone, N. Y. While suffering from great mental de pression and miserable health, he went to visit friends in Plattsburgh, N. A'., and there shot himself Nov. 6. 1813. 1808. — Gustavus D. Chipman, once a mer chant in West Bloomfield, and went thence to Middlebury, N. Y. 1813. — .\BIEL Pettibonb Mead, born in Rut- laud, April 1 2, 1789 ; read medicine wilh Edw'd Tudor, M. D., of Middlebury; attended lectures in Philadelphia, Pa. ; practised in Middlebury a few months — read law wiih Hon. Chauncey Langdon of Castleton, and practised there till his deaih, July 28, 1839. Ho was Register of Probate for the district of Fairhaven from 1814 to '23, and '29 to '37 ; representative from Cas tleton from 1831 to '33 ; States attorney foi Rutland county from 1829 to '35. 1816. — Ambrose Lincoln Beown, born in Cheshire, Mass., Oct. 25, 1795, and fitted at Castleton Academy. He read law with Hon, C. K. Wilharas, LL, D., of Rutland; practised BUTLAND. 1063 in Rutland, 1819-'37 ; v.'as engaged in paper- making and bookselling, 1837-41, part of which time he was editor of the Rutland Herald : — since 1844 haa been a civil engineer. He was judge of Probate for the district of Rutlaad, in 1832-35, and '38-'39 ; repiesented the town of Rutland 1834-'35 ; assistant clerk of the House of Representatives, 1841 ; engrossing clerk, '42. '43 and '44 ; jadge of Rutland coun ty court, '44-47. He reaides in RutLand (1853.) 1819. — Putnam Taeeant Williams was born ia Rutland, February, 1799, and fitted with Samuel Walker, Esq., of Rulland, and at Castlelon Academy. He was a teacher in Rut land a short time — in Edenton, Ga., 2 years ; read law while teaching ; practised in Mobile, Ala, one year — In Jefferson county, Mias., till his death in 1835. He was State's attorney for Jefferson county 4 years, and at the time of his death was a member of the Legislature. 1821. — Heney Brown Hooeer was born in Rutland, August, 1802. He was a teacher in Alabama la 1821-22 ; studied at Andover The- dogieai Seminary, '22-'25 ; was a missionary iuSouth Carolina io '25-'26 ; pastor of the Con gregational church, Lanesborough, Mass., '27— '37— in Falmouth, Mass, since '37. (1853) He haa written several works for publication by the Sabbath school and tract societies. 1823. — John Bliss Shaw was born in Rut land, May 23, 1798 ; fitted at Castleton Acad emy; read theology with Eev. Charles Walker, D. D, («ien) of Rutland, (afterward of Pittaford) and Rev. Lemuel Haynes, (then) of Granville, N. Y.,- preaebedin Hartford, N. Y., 6 years — in Romeo, Mieli., 2 years, and ia Norwalk, Ct., 2 years; was ageut for the Tract Society and Bethel cause nearly 2 years; preached iu Fair haven nearly 5 years — in Hoosic, N. Y., from 1850 to '53. 1826. — Lwthek Shaw, born in Rutland July 4, 1800; fitted at Castleton Academy; waa preceptor of an academy at North Granville, N. Y., lS26-'27 ; studied in Auburn Theo. Sem. 3 years; aince then has been a Presbyte rian elergymaa in Michigan. He has preached in Romeo, Belletabor, Algonac, and is now ('53) in Ray, Michigan. 1827.— Lucius Maeo Pubdy, from West Rutland, became an Episcopal clergyman; has officiated ia Poultney ; was for a time tutor in Trinity College ; is now (1853) a rector in St. Martinsville, La. 1829.— William Todd Page, born in Rut land, Nov. 17, 1809; fitted at Castleton and Chester Academies ; read law with William H. Ormsbee of Rutland, 1829-31; practised iu Carmi, 111, 1832-'36 ; then became cashier of the Branch of the State Bank at Carmi, where he still resides, and is engaged ia mercaatile pursuits. * 1832. — James Meach.am, born in Rutland, Aug. 16, 1810; teacher in Castleton and St. Albans Academies, 1832-'34; studied at An dover Theological Seminary, 1834-'36; tutor in Middlebury College, 1836-'38; Congrega tional pastor in New Haven, 1838-46 ; profes sor of rhetoric and English literature in Middle bury College ; member of Congress since 1849, (1853.) [See extract of speech of Hon. Jas. Meacham, Vol. I., p. 63.] Henry Hall, born iu Ruiland 1814; waa a teacher in Reisterstowa, Md., 1835-'36 ; read law in Rutlaad with E. L. Ormsbee, Esq., 1836 —'39, since which he has practised in Rutland ; register of probate for the district of Rutlaad since '40 — resides ia Rutland. 1835, — Samuel Rowley Thrall, born in Rutland, Jan. 1, 1808; fltted at West Rutland Academy — was a teacher in Potsdam Academy, N. Y., 1835-'36 ; studied at Andover Theolog ical Sem., '36— '38, and part of the next year; preached in Perkinsville aud Wells River, Vt., 1839-'42; was pastor of the Congregational church at Wells River, '42-47 ; preached in Hnbbardton some years ; is now (1853) in Cut- tingsvUle. He haa published oue sermon. James Davie Butler was born in Rutland, March 15, 1815, and fitted at Wilbraham Acad emy, Mass. He studied at New Haven Theo. Sem., 1836-37 ; waa, tutor in Middlebury Col lege 5 years ; graduated at Andover Theo. Sem. 1840; was Abbot resident at Andover some time; made the tour of Europe, June, '42 to December, '43 ; preached in various places — waa professor of languages and English litera ture in Norwich University till '47, then pastor of the Congregational church at Wells River till '51; in Danvers, Mass., '51-'52; in 1853, pastor in Ciacinnati. 0. — has published two or three addresses. [See Autobiographic Sketch, with poems, page 1105 ] 1837. — Henry Page, born in Rutland June 27,1817; became a merchant in '47 ; resided in Woodbury, 111. Henry Aaron Sheldon, born in Rutland, 1816 ; fitted at West Rutland and Castletoa Academies; was a teacher In Virginia two or three years — in North Carolina about 7 years; was a lumber raercnant iu New York till '49, when he removed to California. 1838. — Geoege Fitch Ruggles, from Rut- 1064 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. land not long since (1853) — engaged iu mercan tile pursuits in Boaton, Maaa. 1840. — George Page, born in Rutland May 29, 1820 ; received the degree of M. D. at Yale College, '43 ; haa praotiaed in Rutland, in Cov ington, Ky., and in Crown Point, N. Y. 1 S42. — Eber Douglas Monger, bom in West Rutland, Aug. 24, 1818; waa a teacher in Shoreham and Castleton, '42-46 ; then tutor in Middlebury College til! his death in West Rut- laud, Aug 18, '47. He had commenced read ing medicine. 1 842. — Henry Watkins, bom in West Rut land ; fitted at the Academy in that place; was teacher in St. Lawrence Academy, Pols- dam, N. Y., ]842-'45; read law with H. L. Knowles, Esq. ; is engaged ('53) in the furnace business and in trade, in Potsdam, N. Y. 1847 — Daniel Dakks Gorham, born in West Rutland, 1819 ; fitted at Castleton Sem inary ; was preceptor of Champlain Academy, N. Y., '47-50 ; since then ('53) of Malone, N.Y. NEWSPAPJERS AKD PUBUCATldNS OF RUTLAND COUNTY. BY KlRAM M. MOTT. It is my province to deal with the local press, or that portion which tbe people of Rutland county support and have supported within their history. Tbe newspapers and publications of Rutland county are as numerous as could be foundanywhere.supported by an equal popula tion, and their quality is seldom surpassed in Now England, even in more populous and wealthy sections. Some of her older editors and authors have been men of uncommon abil ity, ranking high among their fellows, and have occupied positions of importance in the State, Most of bor publications have been self-sustain ing, — to the credit of the county be it said, — and all of them at present are iu a flourishing condition. Newspapers have been issued from 5 towns : Rulland, Brandon, Poultney, Castleton and Fairhaven. In Castleton and Fairhaven there are none at present In Brandon and Poultney there is ono, each — both weekly. In Rutland there are two, both of which are daily and weekly. RUTLAND NEWSPAPERS. " The 1 lorald of Vermont ; or, Eutland Cour ier," was first issued Juno 18, 1792, and was the first paper In Rutland. Anthony Haswell was editor and proprietor. It lived but three months, when its office was burned. " The Farmer's Library" was commenced in 1773, and continued nearly two years, during which time Matthew Lyon of Fairhaven, was proprietor. The " Rutland Herald'' was started Dec. 8, 1794 — being but a continuation of ' The Farm- era' Library, Judge Samuel Williams and Bev. Samuel Williams, LL. D., having purchased the establishment — and this paper still exists. The Williamses published the paper for several years, after which the publishers were : William Fay, Pay i Davison, Fay, Davison & B-jrt. Eph raim Maxham, and Fay, Brown & Co., until '39, when Maj. Fay died. After that the publishers were Horace T. White, While & Guernsey, Gea H. , Beaman, L. Barney, and Chauncey H. Hay den, till it became tbe property of the family of the present proprietor. The proprietors have since been, G. A. Tuttle & Co., Tuttle & Gay, Tut tle, Gay & Co., Tuttle & Co, Tattle & Redington, Albert H. Tuttle; and at present (1875) the Herald Association, (composed of Albert H. Tuttle and Rev, S. B. Petlengi}},) the laiier having been proprietors since '74. The Daily Herald was first iasued April 29, 1861, and is yet publiahed. The Weekly Her ald is now the oldest paper* in Vermont, as well as one of the largest and best, and claims an extensive circulation. The Rutland Daily and Weekly Globe was started in tbe spring of 1873, by a corporation known as tbe ' ' Globe Paper Company." Hen ry Clark, Esq., has been managing Editor from the beginning, and Chauncey K. Williams Ed- itorin-cbicf, nearly sine© its comroencemeEt. Though young in years, it has met with encour aging success, having a large monied backing, and earnest friends in different parts of tho county. It is cf about the aame size as tha Herald, reaching a good circulation. George A. Tuttle, in his address at the Rut land Centennial celebration, October 5, 1870, from which some of my facts regarding Rulland nevvspapers are taken, says that " Tha other papers have been, the 'Union Whig.'first issued in 1849, and published for about two years; the ' Rutland Courier,'! firs' is.saed Aug. 14, '57, hy Joha Cain, and continued to to-day; the ' Rutland Independent,'^ commenced July, '66, and still continued. There have also been pub lished at various times, and for abort periods, the ' Rural Magazine,' a literary publication ; • Except, perhaps, the BenniDgton Oazette. t Merged into the Rntlanil Globe, with the Independ ent, in the spring of 1873. t Merged inio tlie Ruthind Globe, with tbe Courier, in the spring of 1873. the ' Vermont Courier,' tbe ' Vermont Farmer,' the ' Guard of American Liberty,' ' What's the News?' and several other papers of minor im portance." EUTLAND marble INTERESTS. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP MARBLE — WHAT IT IS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS — THE GREAT BELT OP METAMORPHIC ROCKS THROUGH VER MONT; A SKETCH OP THE VARIOUS MARBLE COMPANIES OP RUTLAND ; A STATEMENT OF THEIR PRODUCTIVENESS. ORIGINALLY PRE PARED FOR AND PUBLISHED IN THE RUTLAND HERALD ; REVISED AJID CONTRIBUTED TO THE " GAZETTEER," BT L. Vf. REDINQTON ESQ. Fortunate it is for Rutland tbat within her limits are situated so many extensive marble works, mills and quarries. The marble interest haa accomplished a great deal towards the growth and prosperity of Rutland and Rutland county ; the marble intereat has extended the reputation of this section of Vermont through out the country : the marble interest has brought capital, labor, and increased productiveness, into the county : hence the citizens of Rutland cannot too highly appreciate, nor too superla tively value the importance of the marble worka, mills, and quarries that are aituated in their midst, and are performing such an important part in developing and increasing the reaources and wealth of Rutland. A few years ago, comparatively speaking, there waa no material difference in the popula tion and proapects, reapectively, of Rutland and Burlington. Rutland was more centrally, aad therefore, advantageously located ; yet Burling ton had sorae enterprising men in her midst, and most important of all. Lake Champlain at her doors. Fortunate circumstances, natural capabilities for certain specialties, and some enterprise on the part of the inhabitants, has made Burlingtoa what ahe is to-day, aud enabled her to outstrip Rutlaad in tbe race for priority. And yet Rutland is aot so far behind as might be snpposed from a comparison of the statistics and records of both towns, for Burlington has, to a great extent, a floating populatlon-^espe- cialfy connected with her lurabering intereats. Her public buildings and private residences are not auperior to those of Rutland, and a com parison as to the wealth of the two towns wovUd not result unfavorably for Rutland. And now, this being ao, it but requires an increased interest, on the part of our citizens, in the development of our resources, in the inauguration of inanufacturing enterprises, es peoially in the extension of our railroad facilities, RUTLAND. i06f and in the prosperity of our marble interests, to make Rutland the first town in the State. A great deal haa been written aud said about marble. We do uot propoae in thia article to enter into a lengthy, elaborate and scientific description of marble, and the manner in which it is fouud in its various geological formations ; but simply to make a few explanatory remarks about the diflferent kinds of marble, Ils charac teristics, &c., before we enter upon a description of the marble pertaining to Rutland, and what is being done here in the matter of annual producliveness. Marble. — " Generally, any limestone tbat aan be obtained in large, sound blocks, and is susceptible of a good polish, is marble ; and tbe oaly marble that is not limestone ia tha aer- pcntine and the verd antique." Marble is composed of carbonate of lime ; its specific gravity is something more than 2.7, and a cubic foot will weigh about 180 pounds. It is not a bard substance, and therefore fur nishes an easy surface for the chisel aud mallet. The variability of marble is great, as regards its color and contexture, though its composi tion is essentially the same. When it is found in tbe palaeozoic formations, " it resembles a sedimentary rock ; its colors are also variegated, aud it is sometimes of breeeiated structure. "- When found in the azoic group it is to a great degree a pure white kind of limestone, having a cbrystaline granular texture, with the appear ance of loaf sugar when broken, and when of fine texture is moatly uaed for statuary. Marble is generally classified as follows : 1 . The simple or single colored marble. 2. The variegated. 3. The breeeiated. 4, The Inma- chella, or fosaillferoua. The aimple or white marble and the variegated are what especially pertain to Rulland and vicinity, and the great belt of metamGrphIc rocks through this State, furnishes numeroua placea for the working of white marbles. " The quarries of Rutland fur nish marble of exceedingly delicate texture aud purity of whiteness, and the blocks are large and sound, and quite aa beautiful as the statuary marble of Carrara." The variegated marble is also very popular. It is characterized by its veins, spots, etc. This and the breeeiated frequently commingle or run together, so that no distinction can be made. Beautiful specimens of the variegated or bree eiated marble are now found in Vermont; and our State and town furnish the moat beautiful marble of this class of any locality in America. The flrst opening ia the liae of the Rutland 1066 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. quarries was made iu 1840, by Wm. F.Barnes. Previous to thia Jackman and Sherman had opened what waa called the Blanchard quarry, south of the Rutland quarries, whioh was soou after abandoned. The discovery of marble in Rutland dates back to the early settlement of the surrounding country, but it was ouly taken off from the surface in small pieces when first worked. The quarrying of marble dates forward from the openiug made by Barnes. The follow ing is a list of the principal fii ms, most of whom are at present working extensive QUARRIES IN RUTLAND COUNTY. Brandon Statuary Marble Company, Brandon ; George E. Hall, Pittsford; Pittsford Quarry Marble Company ; Flint, Johnson & Co., (Eure ka Marble Company,) Rutland ; Sutherland Falls Marble Company, S. Falls; John Adair, and Montague & Adair, Wallingford ; Gilson, Clement & Woodfin, Rulland Marble Coompany, Sheldons k Slason, Sherman, Adams & Williams, Pierce k Co., (Manhattan,) W. Rutland ; Clem ent k Son, Centre ; Ripley Sons, (supplied by Rutland Marble Company) ; Columbian Marble (!orapany, Rutland. The following Quarries were once worked, but have been ab.andoned : American Marble Company, Green Mountaia do., and Old Hyde Quarry do , W. Rutland. These Quarries are situated south-west of tbe Rutland (Juarrles. Tbey were abandoned on account of the unsoundness of the marble. A description of all the above mentioned quarries cannot now be given, but only of those which are situated in the town of Rutland. We will first mention and describe the works of the OOLD.VtBIAN MARBLE COMPANY, which are situated just wost of East Creek, a short distance past the West Street railroad crossing. The marble that is produced and sold by this company is classified as the variegated, or clouded marble. It is beautifully veined and striated, and is annually increasing in publio fa vor and popularity. The OFFICERS of this company are : president. Dr. Cordon, Plymouth, Mass. ; superintendent, L. Young; treasuror, R. Ban-ett, both of Rutland. The Quarry. — The quarry belonging to this company » as opi nod about five years ago. It was originally opened by the North Rutland Marble Company, and was .sold by tbe latter to the Columbian Marblo Company, about twenty months ago. It is situated at Humphrey's Cove, ono mile this side of Sutherland Falla. The dip of tho quarry is at au angle of 40 degrees. but wUl probably vary after further boring. As far as this company have bored, they have found a total of 98 feet in one vein of marble, the classification of lhe latter being as follows : 36 feet of light clouded monumental marble; 24 feet of light clouded building marble; 38 feet of dark variegated marble. Fourteen feet of the dark variegated, and 23 feet of the light clouded monumental marbia has not yet been worked. In the quarry two diamond channeling machines and one gadding machine are used. Some beautiful specimens of marble are produced from this quarry — es pecially pertaining lo the colored or variegated marble — which is exquisitely veined, shaded and spotted. The dark marble frora this quar ry is used largely for inside finish, for pedestals, statuary, mantles and wainscoting. It can be classified, generally, as " fancy marble." The cost of carting the marble from the quar ry to the miU is 50 cents per ton. The Mill is a substantial looking structure, and contains nine gangs of saws — Merriman'a patent — which are kept running night and day. The marble is sawed by feeding smooth iron saws wilh sand and water. The water, which, with the sand, feeds tbe saws, is pumped up from the creek in the vicinity. The mill is driven by one of Brown's 80 horse power en gines, from Fitchburg. Ma.ss. Men employed — This company employs about 70 men around their quarry and mill. Production. — The production per annum i.i something over 25.000 cubic feet, or 1.50,01/0 feet, superficial measure. 2 inches in thickneas. The marble woiksof Ripley Sons are araoag the oldest in Rutland. It was 29 yeara ago that the firat firm of Wm. Y. Ripley and Wm. F. Barnes was started. Thia vvaa changed to Wra. Y. Ripley, and this was followed by Ripley and Son ; and then, at the close of the war, the aenior partner retii-ed and was succeeded by the present firm of Willuira Y. W. Riphy and Ed ward H. Ripley, under the firm of Ripley Sons. Thkib MARBLE is supplied to them from the property of the " Rutland Marble Company," uuder contract originally made with Wm. F. Barnes, in 1850. Tue MILLS. — Connected with this company are two mills propelled by water — one known aa the -'north mill," built in 1844, aud one of tho oldest mills in Rutland — aud the other the " soulh mill," built in 1852. The firat mill has aix gangs, and is run by a 34 inch Tyler wheel. The south mill has eight gangs, and is run by tvvo over-shot wheels. RUTLAND. 1067 of the men are "old stagers," having been vvith Mr. Clement for 22 years. Production. — Clement and Sons produce about 42,000 cubic feet per annum, or 250 000, superficial mea.sure, 2 inches in thickness. Sheldons & Slason,— This firm ranks next to Ripley Sons on the scale of age. The firm con sists of Chariea Sheldon of Rutland, Charies H. Slason of Weat Rutland. John A. Sheldon of Rutland, and Charles H. Sheldon of West Rut land. The senior partner, Charlea Sheldon, has been engaged in the buainess here for the past 25 years. Tbe firm waa originally Sheldon, Morgan & Co., and then Sheldon, Morgan & Slaaon ; and, since 1857, Sheldons & Slason. The quarries are under the supervision of Hi ram A. Smith, who has been vvith the company for the past 19 years. The mill is under the superintendence of George Washington Free man, who has retained his present position for 20 yeara. The quarries that are worked by this firm are 4 in number. The last quarry was opened several years ago. The layers in ibis quarry dip to the east, at an angle of 45 degrees at the surface. The marble ia. mostly cut by hand, by the use of the ball drill. The marble taken from this quarry is particularly devoted to mouumental atock, and 2, 3, and 4 inch head stone. In the month of May 1873, thia firm shipped 110 cars of marble, which is a remarkable shipment, regarding the time in which this quantity was shipped. This marble of courso comes under the classification of "Rutland marble." The mill is substantially bnilt, aud is situated at the quarries. Its dimensions are 240 feet by 80. It contains 24 gangs of saws, Merriman'a patent, and ia run night and day. It ia propelled by a double engine, of 200 horse power, manufactured by C. H. Brown & Co., of Fitchburg, and engineered by E. Shepard and C. J. Lee. Since writing the above, Shel- dons & Slason have erected a new mill, adjoin ing the other, which contains 8 gangs of saws. Thia firm eraploy 225 men in onnection with their milla, quarries, work-shops and mar ble yards. Several of tho men have worked for this establiahment for the last 23 yeara. The production of this company varies from 360, 000 to 400,000 feet per annum, superficial meas ure, 2 inchea In thieknesa. Connected vvith tho establishment, and situated near the mill, is the store of H. H. Brown &, Co. Mr. Brown has been located in the same place for the past 18 years. The sales last year amounted to $80,000. Adjoining Sheldons & Slasoa are the works The latter mill is aow beiug rebuilt. The mills rua night and day. The water for the supply of the mills is brought from the head of the rapids by a canal half a mile ia length, with a fall of 11 feet. Employees. — There are 23 mea employed about the mills aad yard. Five mea have been here uninterruptedly for 25 years. Mr. Wm. Kimball, who has charge of the Mendon prop erty, has been iu the employ of Mr. Ripley for the past 37 years, and for 25 yeara without los ing a day. Production. — The production of this compa ny amounts to about 25,000 cubic feet, or 150, 000 feet superficial measure, 2 inches In thick ness, per annum. Particular attention is giveu to monumental stock. A short distance from Ripley & Sons is the mill of Clemhnt & Sons. This flrm stands amongst the oldest. The mills and offices are situated in Centre Rulland, in the vicinity of the lofty railroad bridge. The partners are, C. Clement, of Centre Rutland, and W. C. Clem ent and Percival W. Clement, of Rulland. The senior partner haa been engaged in the business at this place for the past 22 years. The firm was, originally, Barnes, Clement & Gilmore ; was then changed tO Clement & Gilmore ; and, for the past 10 or 12 years has consisted of Clem ent & Sona. The quarry is situated at W. Rut land, adjoining one of the Rutland Marble Com pany's quarries, and it is leased from tho latter company by Clement & Sons. This quarry has been opened and producing marble for the last 5 yeara. The depoait that the company are now working is 35 feet in thickness, and con- sisisof 12 strata or layers. The angle at which they are quarrying is about 40 degrees. The marble obtained from this quarry can be simply classified as the " Rutland marble," which is well known throughout the country. The Diamond Channeling Machine is used in the quarry. The cost of transporting marble from tbe quarry to the mill, in Centre Rutland, is 60 cents per ton. The sales of this company are mostly in thin stuff to wholesale dealers in New York. The mill, iu Centre Rutland, is a . sohd structure, and contains 16 gangs of saws — pan of them Merriman's patent. The old mill contained 12 gangs; but an addition was made 5 yeara ago, of 4 new gangs. The mill runa night and day, and ia propelled by water power — the latter having a fall of 23 feet. Employees. — There are employed about the quarry aad mill from 75 to 100 men. Several 1068 VERMONT HISTORICAL MA&AZINE. of Gilson, Clement & Woodfin, This firm con sists of W. Clement, E. P. Gilson, of Centre Rutland, and John Woodfin. This property was formerly owned by Adams k Allen, of Fairha ven. The quarry adjoins that of the Rutland Marble Co. It waa opened 15 years ago by Adams & .\llen, of Fairhaven. The dip ofthe quarry varies: it has been perpendicular, but has, at present, an angle of 45 degrees. This company do not themselves work the quarry, but have a contract wilh the " Sullivan Machine Co.," of Claremont, N. H., to cut for them for a number of yeara. One Wardwell machine and two gadding machinea, manufactured by aaid Company, are uaed in the quarry. The mill ia substantially built, and contains 8 gangs of saws — Merriman's patent — which are propelled by steam, by one of Brown's en gines, of Fitchburg, having a capacity of 8U horse power, and running night and day. There are in all 80 men employed about the mills, quarry, sales room and marble yard. The aales of this firm are more particularly of monumental marble, and apecial attention is given to the sama The production, per annum, amounts to about 40,000 cubic feet, or 210,000 feet super ficial measure, 2 inches in thickness. The Rutland Marble Co. — This company has existed for about 10 years. The superin tendent is John N. Baxter, Esq., of Rutland. Thia company is very extensive In all its ap- pointmeula and resources, and possesses a large area of marble territory. There are 4 quarries worked by the company. Their quality of mar ble, of course, falls under the general head of " Rutland Marble." Eight diamond channeling machines are used in their quarries, aad 3 of Wardwell's machines. The marble is mostly worked into slabs, and the principal sales of the company are in thin slufl'. Several other firms are supplied with marblo by this company, un der contract. The mill is a solid structure, and coutaliia 24 gangs of saws (Merriman's patent), running night and day. Its angina was made by the well-known firm of C. H. Brown & Co., of Fitchburg. It has a capacity of 200 horse power. In connection with tbeir extensive works in West Rutland, this company have also a branch mill, of 8 ganga, at Salem, New York, known aa the Baxter Manufacturing Company. There are employed in connection with the mill and quarries, 250 men. The products of this company amount to about 60,000 cubic feet, or 360,000 feet, superficial measure, 2 inches in thickness, per annum. A short distance above the mill of the Rutland Marble Co., ia situated the quarry of Sherman, Adams & Williams. The firm conaists of Carloa Sherman, B. F, Adams, and S. Williams, all of Caatleton. Their office is aituated at Castleton villige; their quarry at W. Rutland, and their mills at Castleton and Hydeville. The senior partner of this firm, Mr. Sherman, has been engaged in the marble buai neaa here for the paat 32 yeara. It was in 1833 that Moses Jackman and Smith Sherman made the first opening, for marble, that was ever made, to any great extent, in Rutland. This, their crucial experiment, was undertaken in the vioinity of the quarries which are now known as lying on the "south side of the main road." Afterwards, Mr. Carlos Sherman entered into the business, and, in 1857, the flrm of "Sher man, Holly k Adams," sprung iulo existence, which was changed, in 1862, to " Sherman, Ad ams & Langdon," and, in 1S7,j, the present firm of "Sherman, Adama & Williams," commenced. The quarry ia situated in W. Rutland, and is under the supervision of Mr. L. B. Smith. It was opened in 1855. Five diamond chauLellng machines, 1 gadding machine, and 2 cutting machines are used in this quarry. The mills iu Castlelon and Hydeville contain 24 gangs of sawa, Merriman'a patenti From 100 to 125, men are employed about the mills. Then- an nual production amounts to 50,000 cubic feet, or 300,000 feet, superficial measure. 2 inchea in thieknesa. North of Sherman, Adams & WU liams' quarry are the mill and quarries of Nathan Pierce, of Rutland. This estab lishment w£ia formerly owned by the Manhat tan Marble Co., and waa purchaaed about a year ago from the lattar by Mr, Pierce, who owned considerable of the original Manhattan stock. Thia quarry and mill is just getting iuto run ning order, hence it is impossible to give a full report of its present capabilities, etc. Two quar ries have been opened, though but 1 is at pres ent worked. The Wardwell cutting machine is used, and considerable is cut by hand, by the ball drill. The mill contains 8 gangs of saws, propelled by a 60 horse power engine, made by the Coriiss Engine Co., of Providence, R. L It runs night and day. THE SUTHERLAND PALLS MARBLE 00. The quarries and mills that are being worked by this company are among the oldest in Rut land. The marble from their quarry falls under the general head of clouded marble, and varies ftoma very light color to their dark mourning vein. Their light and dark mourning veins are RUTLAND. 1069 very popular, and hence their salea are very ex tensive, iu this quality of marble. They em ploy about 130 men. The officers of the com pany are: President, John B. Page ; Secretary E. M. Sayre ; Treasurer and Manager, R. Proctor. Several quarries are being worked by the company. The oldest quarry was opened 37 yeara ago. In the quarries, 1 diamond channeling machine, 6 Wardwells, and 2 gad ding machines ara used. There are 2 mills, the upper and the lower. They contain 24 . gangs of sawa, all but 4 of them Merriman's patent. The mills are propelled by water, and run night and day. Their annual production amounts to about 60,000 cubic foet, or 360,000, 2 inch, auperficial measure. Thia company also saw about 15,000 cubic feet per annum of "Rutland Marble," for Parker, Gilson & Dewey. The Eureka Marble Co.'i worka are situated at what is known as the " double road crossing," 2 miles north of Centre Rutland. This compa ny has existed for about 3 years. Ita officera are : President and Manager, Wyman Flint of Bellowa Falls : Treasurer, G. H Babbitt. Tbe marble produced here is classified as the light clouded marble, very fine and beautiful. Some specimens are exquisitely veined and shaded, and marked with mauy graceful lines of light and dark blue. The company is, comparatively speaking, a new one. They employ about 20 men. The quarry is near the mill; it was opened 7 years ago. Two diamond drilling ma chines and 1 gadding machine are used. The mill contains 8 gangs of sawa, Merriman'a pa tent, and is run by day, but not at night, by a Ryder engine of 100 horae power. The pro duction amounts to 15,000 or 20,000 cubic feet per annum, or 90,000 to 120,000 feet,superfi- clal measure, 2 inches in thieknesa. "The Columbian," "The Sutheriand Falla," and "TheEnreka" marble companies, produce what is known as the variegated or colored marble. Their quarries, however, are probably not on tbe same vein : consequently the color, veins, striation and variegation of their marble differs considerably. The rest of the compa nies, mentioned in thia article, work and pro duce, from the same vein, the " Rutland marble." We have thus given a list ofthe marble com panies of the county, and a description of those of the town of Rutland. From the amount of the respective annual productions of the latter, _ a rough computation can be made of the amount of their annual sales, which probably exceeds $1,000,000, by a considerable amouat. The importaace of the marble intereat to the town of Rutland will at once be recognized. Suoh and similar intereats as these are what build up a town and increase the wealth ofits inhabitauts. historical incidents. . account of THE MURDER OF JOSEPH GREEN, a young merchant of Rutland, by James Anthony, a ha'tter, and of attendant circumstancea, aa remember ed (after the lapse of about 62 years) by Simeon Ide, As nearly as I can fix the date, I will state, that it waa eariy in February, 1814, that Mr. Green had made hia usual preparations for a trip to Bostoa to purchase more goods. The stage, by which he was to. take passage, at that day left Rutland very early — say at three or four o'clock — ia the morning ; and he, as was customary with buainess men of that village, at about 9 o'clock of the evening, took leave of his family, with his valise iu hand, and, for those times, a large sum of money in his pock et-book, — left his house to take lodgings at the hotel from which the atage started, so that he could sleep undisturbed till near the hour of starting in the morning. From what afterward appeared in evidence at the trial of Anthony, it was supposed that on his way to the stage- house Green called upon him at his hat-shop, and was there killed, stripped of his clothing and money, and his body concealed under a wood pile in the back part of the shop. I have the impression that it was late in the following morning that the friends of Mr. Green ascertained that he had not taken the stage for Boston ; and later, before they had reason to suspect that he had met with " foul play." It was stated that Mrs. Green met Anthony on the street between 8 and 9 o'clock the next morn ing, and that he pleasantly saluted her with — " Good morning, Mrs. Green," and inquired as to the health of her husband and the little ones. Aa soon aa it was ascertained that Mr. Green had not left in the early morniug'.s stage, the excitement among the villagers became very great. I cannot diatinotly call to mind the particular circumataneea which led tbem to sus pect Anthony. A contemporary and compan ion of thoso early days, whom 1 have con'ault- ed — then and still a resident of Rutland — writes mo that he thinks " it was aeveral days after tbe murder, before the body [of Mr. G.] waa discovered." He says further : " I can state from my oivn recollection, that Anthony'a face showed evidence of his having had a severe conteat with some one ; and Mr. James D. But ler inquired of him how his face became so bruised? Anthony replied, that he slept up stairs in his shop- was thirsty ia the night, and 1070 VERMONT HL'TORICAL MAGAZINE. in coming down stairs fell and bruised his face. Mr. Butler waa not satisfied with this explana tion. Elder McCuUer was In Anthony'a ahop while Mr. Butler vvas making theae inquiries of Anthony, and ran his cane into a pile of wood under the stairs, and feeling something unusual there, requested to have the wood re moved. It waa removed — there the body of Green was fouiid,'and Anthony waa immedi ately taken into the custody of keepers." * « » " Soon after the body was discnvered, his pock et-book, and all his money, vvere fiund in his own house, which led to the suspicion that An thony had on accomplice in the deed. Anthony made a particular statement of the matter, which be delivered to Maj. Osgood: which statement was never made public — it waa con jectured by many — on account of the charges it contained ofthe complicity of two other per sons in the murder — one of whom, by the name of "Warner, a shoemsiker, waa arrested ; but no evidence waa found against him, and he waa discharged." In my diary, kept while I was an operative in the office of the Rutland Herald, I find the following entry, under date of March 4 1814: " This day witnessed tho trial of Jamea Anthony for the murder of Joseph Green, both inhabitants of thia village. The number of spectators who attended was immense. Tho accused having heard the indictment read, plead not guilty. The Jury, after hearing the evi dence againat him, and Judge Chipman's charge — having left the Court but a few minutes — re turned with a verdict of Guilty." And further on in my aaid diary, I find written as followa: "April 14, 1814. This day attended the execution of a dead man ! — The assemblage to witness the execution of James Anthony waa unprecedented in this part ofthe country. The village waa literally filled. 1 waa called out to do military Unty on the oc casion. About noon we were marched from the Greon [now called the " Common, '] to tbo place of execution, [in the meadow, one or tvvo hundred roda N. W. of the old original framed meetinghouse — In whioh, on a very cold winter- day, that year, I once heard Parson Haynos, in his high-coilar'd over-coat and striped wool len mittens, preach one of his evangelical ser- moHS, to a large congregation, warmed only by the preacher's eloquence, and here and there a lady's foot stove] — where the gallows was erect ed and the same exercises were performed that would have been, had not Anthony hung him self" On the morning of the day fixed for his exe cution, Anthony hung himself in jail ; and the opinion prevailing at that day waa, that the deputy Sheriff, who had charge of him, was guilty of groaa neglect of duty — if not of com plicity with the felon, iu the act of self-homi cide. One of my companiona of those early days, R. R. Thrall, Esq , from whoae note, in reply lo my inqulriea the foregoing extracta are made, thinka I waa mistaken in my memorandum of April 14, 1814. quoted above, relative to the ' hanging of a dead man.' He thinks it was a live dog they bung. He says : " The town was full of persons [men, women and children] who had assembled to view the execution. They were disappointed : but some persons were de termined to gratify their desire to see an exe cution, and they hung a dog upon the gallows." I did not note in my diary, that I had seen a dead maa hung: but merely "attended,'' with the mass of humanity, near the place where such an absurd and unseemly act, as I then, (and those around me,) supposed, was to have been officially performed. I did not actu ally see a " dead man" or a live or dead " dog" hung on that occasion. 1 had been legally warned lo attend, and was in the performance of my duty as a member of the " floodwood" militia, and was kept, as I desired to be kept, at a respectful distance from tho main point of attraction ; — and, from that day to this I have taken greater pains to keep away from, than to "witness" the execution of malefactors. November, 1875. HISTORICAL INCIDENTS OF THIS VI CINITY.* BT BENRT BALL. CAPTURE OF A SCOUTING PARTY. In May 1779, a scouting party in the aer vice of the State, consisting of Ephraim Ste vens commander, Benj. Stevens Jr., Ebenezer Hopkins, Jona. Rowley, Jr., all of Pittsford started on a reconnoitering expedition, down Lake Champlaia. Having procured a skiff tbey rowed down the western shore, discov ering no indication of the enemy the first day, e.xoept hearing one Indian whoop. On their return the next day, as they were approach ing a point of land ou the western shore, some 18 or 20 Indians, Tories and British rose up, and their leader called oa tbe scout ing party to surrender. Though withia ' gua shot, Stevens thundered out to his men • Published in tho Sntland Herald in 1848. RUTLAND. 1071 to turn their boat and row for their lives for the eastern shore. The hostile party imme diately jumped into a large crazy boat and began the chase with a running fire of mus ketry. Tbe fire of the enemy proving harm less for awhile, our party hoped by their al most frenzied efforts to escape to t'ne Ver mont side, — but at length, an Indian with a long rifle was seen to lay down on the boat and take deliberate aim. The flash of the rifle was seea and young Rowley dropped his oar, and fell, shot through the head, while the skiff, now propelled by but one oar quickly whirled around and our little parly lay at the mercy of their pursuers. 'fe.owley was scalped and thrown iato tbe lake, and the other three carried as prisoaers to Montreal. Ebenezer Stevens, a young man of extra ordinary strength and activity fell, in the division of the captives, to the share of the Indians. Having reached the St. Lawrence, Stevens and his captors entered a boat — .is they approached the shore near Montreal, Stevens saw a party of savages drawn up in two lines facing each other with a, narrow ^passage between tbem extending to a large stone house 40 or 50 rods distant — whea he stepped on shore he was attacked by them with clubs and soon knocked down — holding his arms over his head to defead himself by his gre-af strength and activity he soon rose, when a young squaw pointed, to the house and cried "Run ! Run !" He rushed forward on this iiint and sooa reached the house with little more injury. The Indians threw away their clubs and greeted him with applause, and kindness. The Indians of the village, male an.l female, were soon gathered together and prepared for the carousal usual on sucb occasions. Sorae of the females first took from the warriors and others all their guns, tomahawks, knives and other weapons and secreted them. Next they passed round the rum in abundance, evea in opea kettles — all drank freely aud Stevens was urged to partake with them. He, however, drank as little as possible, being determined to re main sober and ready as far as possible, for any emergency, using mach art to deceive them as to the quantity, he drank. The ca rousal beiag ended, most of the party retired, while some of them were so deeply steeped in the debaiich that they had fallea fast asleep. Steveas slept but little. Sooa as morning caihe he was up, the Indians still asleep. Suddealy the door opeaed and an Indian who had not been there tbe night be fore, entered and fixed his eyes long and keenly oa Steveas. Steveas immediately recognized this Inlian as oae of a party that visited Pittsford before the war, oa a hun ting expeditioa and one with whom he had there had some quarrel or difficulty. This Indian soon disappeared and imme diately two large stout Indians came and stood in the door, apparently as sentry. In a short time the young squaw who had befrfended Stevens the day before came and stood behind these two with looks of intense sorrow and even weeping — Stevens says, "By this time I made up my mind that my old acquaintance, on Otter Creek, was determined to wreak his vengeance on me by a cruel sacrifice of my life in the barbarous manner the Indians are sometimes wont to do. I determined to place myself in the hands of a less dangerous enemy or lose my life in the at tempt. I looked around for some weapon but saw none sufficient to use. I then thought I would try to pass the two Indians in a quiet and peaceable manner as if I wanted carelessly to view tbe premises. Slowly and awkwardly I approached the door but one of tbe Indians sprang forward, placed bis hand on my breast, and shoved me back into the room. I quietly yielded to his push and made as though I was about to resume my seat, but as he was returning to the door I sprang with all my might and threw both prostrate on the ground, I flew like lightaiag through tbe door and the youag squaw again cried "Run ! Pvun ! " but I need no urging this time. In the midst of my speed I met a small British guard, who had in custody my tvvo companions, B. Stevens and E. Hopkins. I pa-sed them swiftly, their officer hailed me, told me to stop and I should not be hurt. I first intended to leave them all, but taking into view all the circumstances of my situatiou, I concluded It would be impossible to escape, aud being promised that I should receive no harm, I returned and surrendered to them." He and his companions were soon takea to the British garrisoa. Here he vvas visited by his brother Roger Stevend who had turned Tory and was then a Captain in the British Ar my. Roger reproved Ephraim for joining the rebels, aud disloyalty to the King. 1072 VERMONT HISTORICAL M.AGAZINE. Epiiraim retorted, accusing Roger of desert ing his country and cursing the King. Roger promised Ephraim the liberty ofthe City if he would give his word not to Iqave it, Epliriiim spurned the offer wilh indigna tion, and tho three captives Were sent to pri.fon. Here Epiiraim for his p.-aise of the Americans and contemptuous speaking of tbe King and his cause, was haud-cuS'ed and fet tered. His great strength enabled him to break the ordinary iron fetters, and he was soon loaded down with heavy irons and with his corapaniona put on board a ve-^sel, sent to Quebec, and there thrown into a dungeon. Their keepers suppoil, Or mun was doonicil to toil, To got Ilia bread. Iloro little sninion glide So uoiit and tino, Whero you nniy be supplied Witb book und twino; Tlioy aro tbo Rnc«t fii^b To cook a dainty disli As good u8 ono conid wish Xo food iipoii. Tbe pigeon, gooso and duck, Thoy fill our beda; Tbe benvor, coon and fox, Tbt-y crown our Iteadti; Tbo luirinless inooso and deor Are food and riotbos to wear; Niitnro could do uo more For any land. Tbere's mauy a jdeasant towo Lies in tbis valo, "Wliero yon may settle down; You ncihl uot fail, If you are not too late, To make a .flne estate; Yon need not fear tbe Tate, But come along. Wo value not New York, ¦ With all tbeir powers. For hero we'll stay and work — Tbo bind is uurs; And as for great Duane W itii all UU wicked train, Tbey nniy eject again, We'll uot resign. Tbis is that noble land By coni^uest won, Took from a savagu band Witb sword ami gnu ; Wo drove Ibeni to the west, Tbey could not sttuul (be tost. And from Iho Gallic pest This bind is fri'o. Iloro cburche.s we'll erect Bulb neat and Ruo; |rbe gospel we'll protect, Puro and divine ; Tbo |M>po's supremacy Wo uttoi-ly tlony, And Louis wo defy — Wo'ro Gooi':^o's men. In Ooorgo wo will rejoice, IIo la our king; Wo will obey bis voice In every thing; Iloro we bin borvauts staud Upou bis couipioiod laud-*- Good Lord ; uniy wo dofeud Our property. CIIIIISTMAS KVE.* BY TIIOMAS ROWJiET. Rowley's vernos woro principally contrfb Kurnl Magn/.liio and tho Bounington Gazette. uted to tbo P. II. AY. Hark! wticncc tbat sound! bark! bark! tbe joyful shouting! See, see ! what splendour spreads its beams ai'oiiud us! Turning dark njjduigbt into noontide glory, As it approaches. Witb ])oinp majestic see tbe heavenly visiou Slowly de^ceuding; while attending angels Pour acubuuatious; aud celestial cbautiugs Wake our attention. Fear not ye sbepberds 'tis tbe Prince of Peace comes. Full of cumiKissiun, full of love and pity; Bringijig salvation for all »orts of luiuikiud. For all Uis jt>eop]e. Go pajf your bomnge to yonr iufiiut Saviour ; Laid in u manger, view the Lord of glory Meanly attcnil4nl, yet tbe Messias, You star sliall guide yon. Give God tbo glory, join tbe itost celestial ; — Peace upon earth now and gootl will toward meu; From terror raised to bope of life eternal, Tbrougb a Redeems. 0 may impressions of bis boundless mercy, Ever remind «no of my grateful dnty; Sweel»tbe employment to proclaim bis goodness^ Aud siiig bis praises. " Like Ira Allen, he waa ready with tho pen, and during liis many terms of service in the legi.slalnre; if a subject was referred to a commiUee, " witli instructions to report by a bill," he was, almost invariably, named as it.s ctiairnian, and the "bills" drafted and reporle-i by him would always ""hold water.*^ For biographical sketches, see Vol. I. pages 9S, 99 in history of Shoreham, and history of Danby in this volume — Ed. Rowley once went into Apollos Austin's store wearing a shabby old hat. Austin jok- • ing hmi, oS'ered to give him a new one if hp would make an impromptu verse. Rowley, taking oti' his hat and looking upon it earn estly, perhaps a single moment, replied: Here's uiy old bat, no matter for tbat, 'Tis gootl as tbe rest of my raiinent. If I buy me a bettor, You'll sot uiD down debtor, And send oio to jail for tbo i^utymeut. From Esq. Rowley's list, as made out and given to the listers. My poor old mare, bor Iwnos aro bare Tho crows begin to sing : Old brute, if sbo does uot recruit. They'll feed on ber next Spring. • Contributed to tbe Rural Magazine, Vol. II. p. G4t. A skilful imitation of tho Rovulutiunary war oilo, by Nathaniel Niles, for which seo Vol. II. History (tf West Fairlee.— Ed. EUTLAND. ¦1095 As for her age, I do engage She's eighteen yt-ars, or more. And is just as free from the list As man is at three score. EEV. SAMUEL WILLIAMS, LL. D., was bora in Waltham, Mass., about 1740 j graduated at Harvard in 1761 ; was ordained minister of Bradford, Mass., Nov. 20, 1765, where he remained uatil he 'became professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, in Harvard, which office he held until 1788, when he resigned and moved to Rutland, Vt. The last date is givea from Blake's biograph ical Dictioriary, not without a strong suspi cion that it shoald be an earlier date. Dr. Williams was elected to the' General Assem bly, far Rutlaad, iu 1783-5, 1787-95, and 1798-9, ia all 14 years. He was a member of th« governor's council, in 1795 to '98, four years, in two of which he had been elected to the House also. He was Judge of the Rut land county court 1790-97, 8 years, and ia 1794 he preached the election sermon. Por a time he served as editor of the Rutland Herald, established in 1792 ; ia 1794 he pub lished the Natural and Civil History of Ver mont, in one volame, of 416 pages, octavo, which was extended in 1808, to two volumes of 1003 pages ; and in 1795-6 he published the Rural Magazine, consisting of two octavo volumes. He is entitled to honor as one of the fsanders of the University Of Vermont, for, said preaident John Wheeler, in his his.- torieal discourse, Aug. 1, 18-54, " The creative liiindof Dr. Samuel Williams, and the reflec tive and profound mind of Judge [Samuel] Hitchcock, {two graduates of Harvard,] liad worked for the University of Vermont, and in it." He was, unquestionably, the most learned man in Vermont, in his day, and for his labors and iafluenee in behalf of education and piety, he was also one of the most useful. " Dr. Williams' History of Vermont," said Zadoc Thompson, "though diffuse in style, and embracing much foreign matter, will long continue our standard work." Dr. Williams' greatest fault, as historian, ifras, that he did not duly appreciate the high privilege of writ ing for posterity ; hence, he omitted many interesting facts, known generally in his day, which are now unknown. He could have given us the details of the Conventions, a clearer explanation of the Haldimand corres pondence, and pen-portraits, at least, of ev- fery actor in the Counoil of Safety, and of our first Governor, whose features, now, if he could but know them, would be stamped up on the Edemory of every Vermonter, as in delibly as -are those of George Washington, who was Chittenden's friend and correspond ent, in the period of his severest trials. Of the History, Rev. Dr. Blake said : " It was esteemed the best historical wOrk which had appeared in the couatry at the time of its publication, and received higli encomiums from soine of the philosciphers of Europe.'' Dr. John A. Gbaham was a resident of Rut land for awhile preceding 1797, and person ally afequainted with Dr. Williams, of whom h6 Said, in his Descriptive Sketch ofthe Pres ent State of Vermont, London, 1777 p. 66 : " Of Samuel Williams, LL. D. Member of the Meteorological [Society in Germany, of the Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, and of the Adademy of Arts and'Sciences in Massachusetts, it may with propriety be said, that he is the most enlightened man in the State, ih every branch of philosophy and po lite learning . and it is doing hiin no more tlian justice to say, there are very few in the United States possessed of greater abilities, or more extensive information; added to Which he is a most excellent orator and speaks in a manner best adapted to the un derstanding and capacity of those whom he addresses. In the .year 1794 the Dr. wrote and published the Natural History of Ver mont, exlecuted much to his honor,' and to the great satisfaction of all Naturalists. In politeness, ease and elegance of ihanners. Dr. Williams is not inferior to the most polished English gentleman." Grahain''s volume is cHiefly interesting for its personal gossip aiid sketches, of which the above is one of the best. It is to be regretted that he did not live in Vermont some years earlier, and give more details of th'e-personal historj' and characteristics of the actors'in the tragic and comic scenes which abounded in Vermont's eairliest days. Dr. Williams died in January, 1817. State of Vebmost, in Codnoil of Safe ty, Sept. 22, 1777 : Samuel Williams is per mitted to pass and re-pass unmolested, as he has been examined before this Council. Thomas Chittenden President. The writer is not sure thait the vote of the Council refers to the Doctor, though it is very probable that he visited Vermont at (hat time, perhaps to examine the field of his in tended labors. — From Walton's Governor and Council, Vol. 1, p. 177. / 1096 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. at Bridport and Orwell," By TlisnjasTolman, Esq. " An Execrable law of the Colony of New York, passed the 9th day of March, 1794." " Address of the Proscribed Persons to the people of Albany and Charlotte Coun- ti|s, contiguous to tbe New Hampshire Grants." "District of Maine Separation." Proceedings of the Convention held at Port land, October 27, 1791. Attempt to improve the System of Criminal Jurisprudence. "Sin gular Power of Serpents, "By T. " Observa tions made on the Falls of Onion River, Wa terbury, commonly called Button's Falls, May 18, ]7y.i ; By the Hon. S. Hitchcock and Col. Davis.'' " Proceedings of the People of the County of Cumberland, and Province of New York, By Reuben Jones." Exports from the United States, 1791 to '95. " Articles of Ecclesiastical Order and Discipline, adopted by the Association of Miniaters in the West ern District of Vermont," by Thomas Tolman, Scribe of the Convention, " The First Peti tion of the People of Vermont to Congress." " Report of Committee on the Letter of Jo seph Woodward, of the New Hampshire Grants, and the Petition of the inhabitanta of said grants, read May 30th, 1776" (in con gress). Resolution in Congress, June 4th, '76. " Constitution of the Amicable Association of Christiana Hundred." " Late Ecclesiasti cal Transactions at Westminster,' (Vt.) " Proceedings of a Convention at Dorset, in 1776." "Written Dissertation, read be fore the first Medical Society in Vermont Ju ly, A. D. 1771, by Timothy Todd, now (1775) President of the First Medical Society in Ver mont." " A Case of Hydrophobia (in Ar lington), communicated by Dr. T. Todd." — " History of the American Revolution." " Massacre at Fort William Henry, in 1757," in vol. 1. " Letter of Thomas Yoong to tha inhabitants of Vermont." " Resolution of Congress referred to in the above letter." — " Letter from Pierre Van Cortlandt." " Cap tain Remember Baker, by T." " Literary Societies,'' "Ecclesiastical Letter of Trumpet er." Answers by " A Customer." " Histo ry of the American Revolution." " Memoirs of General Montgomery." " Address of the Council of Safety of Vermont to the Councils of Safety of Massachusetts and New Hamp shire, Manchester, July 15, 1777." " Letter of Meshech Weare, President of the State of New Hampshire, to Ira Allen, Secretary of the State of Vermont, July 19, 1777." — THE EUKAL MAGAZINE,0E VEKUONT EEPOSITOEY Devoted to Literary, Moral, Historical and Political Improvement, for January, 1795, Hoc undique jura congruuntur. Rutland; Printed by J. Kirkaldie, for S. Williams & Co., a few rods north ofthe State-House. In compiling the Rural Magazine, the de sign of llie Editor is to prepare such literary, moral and historical colluctions, as maj' prove instructive and entertaining to the reader ; In this Collection, what we nave most of all in view, ia such original papers, historical and politica) documents, literary, civil, and ecclesiastical transactions, as relate more im mediately to the affairs and citizens of Ver mont. By collecting and preserving sucb pa pers and proceedings we nope to exhibit to the public a general account and view of the stale and progress of society in this part of the Federal Union. Il would not be decent or safe for the Editor to make high declara tions or promises, with regard to the manner in which the work will be executed ; all that he will venture to engage is, to make a seri ous attempt to compile as useful a Magazine as shall be in his power. Every compo.'-ition, designed for the people, will, eventually, take its character from its utility ; and its utility will be ascertained by the reception which it meets from the people. By this standard the merits of the work will be examined, and its continuance or di.-contiuuance will be deter mined. That which the people do not esteem cannot be very useful to tbem and' in any writings which meet their approbation, an author vvill always find, in the public esteem ana encouragement, the proper and adequate reward for his labors. The Editob. Rutland. Feb, 1, 1795." The historical papers in the Rural Maga zine are : " Letters from tbe Governors of New Hampshire and New York, relative to the first grants of land in Vermont." " Min utes of tbe Council of New York." " Let ters from Governors Wentworth and Clinton." " Memoirs of Colonel Soth Warner." " Esti mates and Statements relative to Appropria tions for the service of the year 1795." "Mrs, Jemima Howe, (Indian Captive)." " List of Townships granted westward of Connecticut river — date of grants.'' "Letters of William Tryon, to Rev, Mr. Dewey, and the inhabit ants of Bennington and the adjacent country, on the east of Hudson's river, Albany." "Moses Robinson's and Samuol Safford's letter to Governor Tryon," " Resignation of Coun cillor (Thomas) Porter," October, 1795. " Dis interested Bravery," By Matthew Lyon ; Or his graphic account of Bobert Armstrong's rescue of a drowning man " Salt Springs, RUTLAND. 1897 '" Letter of Weare to the New Hampshire Delegates at Congress.'' " Weare to Gov, Chittenden." " Tbe connection between Pol itics and Divinity." from the Rev. Dr. Bur ton's Election Sermon, at Windsor, Oct. 3, 1795." " A Report of Col. Ethan Allen, to his Excellency the Governor, the Honora ble Council and to the Representatives of the Freemen of the State of Vermont, in Gener al Assembly met." " An Account of the un ion of 16 towns, on the east side of Connect icut river, with the State of Vermont." — " Letters of the Trumpeter." Letters on Snake Charming, frora Watkins, of Braudon, Samuel Beach, of Whiting, Elias Willard of Tinmouth and U. Baker, of Eutland." "An Account of the Proceedings of New Hamp shire, by Iea Allen Esq., to the Inhabit ants of the State of Vermont." " Claim of New Hampshire to the whole territory of Vermont, in the Honse of Representatives, April 2d, 1779." " An Account of the West Eiver Mountain, and the appearance of there having been a volcano in it." " Petition of the Committees of Cumberland County to Gov. Clinton, May 4th, 1779 ; To His Ex cellency George Clinton, Esq., Governor of the State of New York, General and Com mander of all the militia and Admiral of the Navy of the same : The Petition of the Com mittees of the Towns of Hinsdale, Guilfoid. 'Brattlehorough, Fulham, Putney. Westmin ster, Rockingham, Springfield and Weathers field, iu Cumberland County, chosen for the purpose of opposing the pretended State of Vermoat, aud convened at Brattlehorough, May 4th, 1779."— Ed.] CHRIS'nAN FELLOWSHIP. BT RET WM B. MITCHELL, Congregationalist pastor in Rutland from I6S3 to 1836, page 1019. Behold the countless hosts above, The glory of the night, In silent fellowship they move Through fields of living light. Sun darts to sun the vital ray, And star enlightens star. Their borrowed beams the orbs repa} And spread their glory far. No gift have they of settled speech But singing as they run, Attraction binds us each to each, And to our planet sun. Emblems of holy lore to man Are ye, melodious spheres, Bis pathway dark, his life a span, His fate dust, darkness, tears. But grace a brighter arch has spanned And suns more glorious given, A canopy more richly spanned, A more enduring heaven. WALTER COLTON, born in Rutland in 1797, graduated from Yale College in 1822, and after a three year? course at Andover was ordained a Congrega tional clergyman. In 1828, he became edit or of the " American Spectator ;'' in 1830, received a chaplaincy in the navy ; in 1846 was married and soon ordered to the squad ron for the Pacific. He was afterward Alcade of Monterey, and established the first newspaper, and was the builder of the first school-house in California, and was the first to make known the discovery of California gold to the States. He returned to Philadel phia in the Summer of 1850, and on a visit to Washington took a violent cold whioh terminated in dropsy. He died June 22, 1851. His principal literary works are a "Prize Essay on, Dueling," " Ship and Shore," " Visit to Constantinople," "Deck and Port,'' " Three Years in California," " Land and Sea," " The Sea and Sailor," " Notes on France and Italy," and " Italy and other Literary Remains," the last accompanied' by a memoir of the author, by Eev. Henry F. Cheever. The style of Mr. Colton's volumes is lively and entertaining. He, also, occasion ally wrote in poetry.A LEAP FOR LIFE. ET WALTER COLTON. Old Ironsides at anchor lay In the harbor of Mahon ; A^ dead calm rested on the bay — The waves to sleep had gone ; 'When little Hal, the Captain's son, A lad both brave and good. In sport, up shroud and rigging ran And on the main truck stood I A shudder shot through every vein, — AU eyes were turned on high I There stood the boy with dizzy brain. Between the sea and sky ; No hold hud he above, below ; Alone he stood in air : To that far height none dared to go, — No aid could reach him there. We gazed, but not a man could speak 1 ¦With horror all aghast. In groups with pallid brow and cheek, We watched the quivering mast. The atmosphere grow thick and hot. And of a lurid hue ; — As riveted unto the spot Stood officers and crew. 1098 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. The father carne on d^ick ; — ho gasped, "OQodl Thy will be done I" Then suddenly a rifle grasped And aimed it at liis son. ¦'Jump, far out boy, into the wavel Jump, or I flre," he said ; " That only chance your life can save ; Jump, Jump boy I " He obeyed. He sunk, — he rose, — ^he lived,— he moved,- And for the ship struck out. On board we hailed the lad beloved. With iiiHuy a manly sliout. His father drew in silent joy, Those wet arms round his neck. And folded to his heart his boy, — Then fainted on the deck. MY FIRST LOVE AND MY LAST. BT WALTER COLTON. Cathara, when the many silent tears Of beauty, bending o'er thy dying bed. Bespoke the change familiar to our fears, I could not think thy spirit yet had fled, 'So like to life the slnmber death had cast ,0q thy sweet face, my first love and my last. X watclied to see thoso lids their light unfold. For still thy forehead rose sereoe and lair As when those raven ringlets rifrhly rolled O'er lile which dwelt in tliouglit and beauty there; Thy cheek the while waa rosy with the theme That flashed along the spirit's mystic dream. Thy lips were circled with that silent smile Which oft around their dewy freshness woke. When some more happy thought or h.armleas wile Upon thy warm and wandering fancy broke. For thou wert nature's child, and took the tone Of every pulse as if it were thine own. I watched, and still believed that thou wouldst wake When others came to place thee iu theehroud; I thought to see this seeming slumber break. As I have seen a light, transparent cloud Disperse, which o'er a star's sweet face had thrown A shadow, like to that which veiled thine own. But no ; there was uo token, look or breath ; The teara of those around, ttie tolling bell And hearse, told us at last that this was death I I know uot if I breathed a last farowell; But since that day my sweetest hours have past In thought of thee, my flrst love aud my lost. WM. D0U0LA3 SMtTH. In the Rutland Graduates at Middlebury College, page 1063, should have been added, class of 1804, Wm. Douglas Smith, Post Master at Rutland, appointed Deo. 19, 1810, in which year he died. He was also reg ister of Probate in 1811, 12, 13. He married Fanny Chipman. FEEDEBIO WILLIAM HOPKIKS,* Son of Hiram and Rachel Spotten Hopkins, was boni in Pittsford, Vt., Sept. 15, 1806: di ed Jan. 21, 1874, at his home in Rutland. Gen eral Hopkins was graduated at Middlebury Col- lege in the class of 1828. After gi'aduatian bo commenced the study of law With the Hon. Ambrose L. Brown, his brother-in-law, at Eilt- laud, and was admitted to the bar at the April term, 1831, of the Rutland county court. From that time, until 1839, he pracli.sed law in Rut land, -with more or lesa success; beiug in the mean while, from 1833 to 1S36, Register of Probate for the District of Rutland. The prac^ tice of law was not, however, eoiigeuial to his tastes, and upon his appointment as Clerk of the .Supreme and County Courts for Eutland county, in April, 1839, he relinquished it forever. The same year he was again appointed register of probate, but held tbe office only a single term. As a county clerk he was a model officer, and it can be said, without disparagement to others, living or dead, he was the best county clerk that was ever appointed to, or held the office in Yermont. His rules of conduct, in this important offioe, were arrangement, order, system, accuracy, neatness and despatch. His forms, his arrangements, his blanks, his system, were adopted in all the counties of the State, and probably will continue as long as tie prea ent rules of practice continue. He coutinued as county clerk until 1S68, when his age and infirmitifs compelled him to retire. He had a natural taste for military life ; and did the State some servico in that capacity. He was, for years, the life and soul of the mi litia, when tliere was a company in every town, aud a regiment in every county. He was ap pointed adjutant inspector general in 1S3S, and held tliat office until 1S52 He established an uniformed militia; aud, although adjutant and inspector general became captain of the " Rut land Citizens' Cor[w." At the 'oroaking out of the Rebellion he tendered his services to the Governor, in any eap.