YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Bought with the income
ofthe
ALFRED E. PERKINS FUND

HISTORY

CITY OF CHESTER.

HISTORY

lO

OFTHE

CITY OF CHESTER,
FROM ITS FOUNDATION TO THE PRESENT TIME;
COLLECTED FROM
3Pu6lit 3&$cott)s, ptltiate iWfaniisttiptg, ^v^r^ ot]&« autjtntic Sout««.
WITH
AN ACCOUNT OF -
PAtlOCHIAL AND OTHER CHARITIES,
MEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED;
AND
OP IMPORTANT EVENTS TO THE YEAr'i815.

ILLUSTRATED WITH FIVE ETCHINGS,
BY G. CUITT.

CHESTER :
PRINTED FOR T. FOOLE;
AND SOLD BY LONGMAN^ Hii7;RST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN,
PATERNOSTER-ROW; AND WALKER, STRAND, LONDON.

1815/ ••

T. DAVISON, Lombard-Mreel.
n 111 tefriars, London.

TO: THE mEABEE,

27*8* volume was gfatmtouslt/ written, compiled^-
and arr'angedy by a professional gentleman of the
city, for the private emolument of the respectable
publisher. The first intention was to write merely
a Stranger's Guide, but the subject becoming more
interesting in its progress, and,- what the author
thought, valuable matter presenting itseff, he dared
to hope that an extension of his plan would not dc'
feat the primary object of the undertaking. From
every publication extant relative to the city, most
of them scarce or costly, something important ha&

ii TO THE READER.
been selected. Whenever original information has
been produced, the utmost possible care has been
used to exclude error and secure truth. It can
not be, however, expected that the author has admitted
no mistakes, and be earnestly requests the learned
reader will state them to ihe pubUsher, tvho although
the present author may not be inclined to renew his
labors, will doubtless secure tlieir correction in a
future edition, should one ever be required by tlie
public. To many of the clergy, and to the public
ofiicers of the city, the author's grateful thanks are
due, for the liberality and promptitude ivith which
they have furnished any information required ; how
ever agreeable it might be to particularise the re
spectable gentlemen who liave rendered assistance,
he cannot allow himself to draw upon them any re
sponsibility for this imperfect sketch of a city which
well deserves a more voluminous and accurate de-r
scription. Same readers may be inclined to condemn
a tedious minuteness on public charities, but for
want of such minuteness many years since, not a few
parocliial legacies, and rent charges, have been lost
to the public ; others may censure the space occupied
hy a complete list of Mayors and Sheriffs, yet in no
other publication are they correctly recorded. Dis
satisfaction and an inclination to censure are too ge-

TO THE READER. iii
neral, for tits author to feel surprised should his vo
lume meet luith them. He is too well acquainted,
with, and too partial to, the city, to ftiink he has
affhrded more than a small portion of its History;
he however presumes to hope,.not to be criticised for
what he has neglected to say, but only for what he
has said wrong. Notwithstanding all the attention
given to correcting the press, many errors have
escaped detection, they are for the most part pal
pable, and fhe reader s alterations are requested. The
Etchings with which this volume is embellished,
are from the masterly hand of Mr. Cuitf, too well
known to the artist and antiquary, by his Etchings
of Old Buildings in Chester, and Castles in Wales,
to need any encomium here, where all have an op
portunify of bestowing the meed of praise so well
deserved.
Nicholas -street, March, 1815. i.m.b.p.
At p. 112, D.-. Jones's name ought to have preceeded that of Dr.
Whittell.

THE CITY OF CHESTER.

CHESTER, the Metropolis of the County Pala
tine of that name, frequently called West Chester, is situ-
.ated on the banks of the river Dee, at the extremity ofthe
Hundred of Broxton,. and adjoining the east end of the
Peninsula of Wirral. It is situated in lat. 53° 12' 0" and
•long. 3° 3' O" west; is distant from London by way of
Northampton and -Lichfield, one hundred and ninety miles ;
and hy way of Newport and Coventry, one hundred and
eighty-one ; being on the greatroad to Ireland, either by way
of, Holyhead or Parkgate. — The origin of the city is bu
ried in obscurity. In ancient times it bore the name of
, Caer-leott ar dwfyn Dwy, and of Caer-Ieongawr, orvawr,
which has hy sorae been interpreted, the City of the Le
gion on the river Dee — Water of two Streams, or Black
Water, , and by . others-, the City of Leon the Great, who
was the son of BrAt Darian LSs, the eighth King of
Britain-. .A

A BOMAN STATION.

Of this opinion was Ralph Higden, the Monk of St.
Werburgh's ; and this is expressed in verse by another Monk,
Henry Bradshaw, who says,
" The Founder of this City, os«aii/i Poly chronicon.
Was Leon Gawer, a mighty strong Gyant ;
Who builded caves and dungeons many a one.
No goodly building, ne proper, ne pleasant.
But King Leir, a Britain fine and valiant.
Was founder of Chester, hy pleasant building,
Jnd was named Guer Leir by the King.'''
We, however, know to a certainty, that it was the
principal station for the Roman twentieth Legion, or
"legio vicessima valens victkix :" and althoush it
might possibly have been anteriorly a British station, there
is,,Iitde doubt of its having been fortified by Ostorius Sd-
pula, for the protection ofthe Roman army, after the de
feat and capture of Caractacus, in A. D. 50. It- has
heen asserted by some writers, that the walls of Chestw
Were first built by MariuSj a British King, and grandson of
Cymbeline, who began his reign in the year 73, but little
credit seems due to this account. Hollingshed, whose his
tory is a compilation from various ancient Chronicles, tells
us, tliis Marius, was buried at Carlisle, that city thereforej
if any, is more likely to be inde-bted to him for its build-*,
ings. But the whole history of Marias is doubtful. Itis
certain, tbat Chester was a walled city at a very early pe
riod, and there is no reason to doubt, that the walls were
originally of Roman foundation ; the old East as well as
North Gates, were unquestionably of Roman structure, and
the vanous coins and antiquities which have been, and still

POSSESSED BY THE BHITONS.

continue to be fouud, are abundant proofs, even if precise
historic information were wanting, that the Romans, for a
long succession of years, occupied the scite of the present
city. The Roman legions evacuated Chester about the year
^ 445. The first event of any note relating to Chester,
which we find recorded in history, is the defeat of the
Britons under its walls, and the captm-e of the city by Ethel-
frid. King of Northumberland, in the year 607, when he
came to avenge the quarrel of St. Augustine, the first Arch
bishop of Canterbury, to whose Metropolitan jurisdiction
the British Monks had refused to submit. The Monks of
Bangor, who had flocked to fhe field of battle, to assist their
countrymen by their prayers, were cruelly slain, to the
number of 1200. — It appears soon after, to have been re
covered by its old' masters, for we are told by Hollingshed«
that in the year 013, the British Princes assembled at Ches
ter, and having driven out the invaders, elected Cadwan
for their King. Hardyng, in his Chronicle, says, that Cad-
wall, son and successor of Cadwan, was crowned King of
the Britons, at Chester. From this time, Chester continued
under the dominion of the Britons, till about the year 830,
vfrhen King Egbert, who united under his Government all
the Kingdoras of the Saxon Heptarchy, took Chester from
the Britons or Welshmen, and added it to his own domi
nions. It is recorded that his sucSessor " Athelwolf was
crowned Kyng at his citee of Wesf Chester in all Royal
estate.'' — In the year S92, or according to some accounts
894, the Danish army took possession of Chester. Ralph
Higden speaks of a siege endured by this city, in which
the inhabitants were reduced ta such extremity, as to be

4 DANISH GARRISON BESIEGED BY ALFRED.
obliged to eat horse-flesh ; but Mathew of Westminster,
mentions this- circumstance as happening at the siege of
Buttington, and adds, that the Danes who escaped from
thence, joined a Garrison of their own countrymen at Ches
ter, and that King Alfred pursued them, and laid siege to
the citj', but finding his attempts to gain it ineffectual, he
laid waste the surrounding country, to prevent the Danes
from procuring a supply of provisions, and thus obliged
them to quit the city, and escape into AVales. According
to the Saxon Chronicle, in the year g07, Ethelred, Earl or
Duke of Mercia, who died in 912, and his wife Ethelfleda.
daughter of King Alfred, and sister of King Edward the elder,
repaired the city of Chester, which had suffered much injury
from the Danes, and rebuilt the walls, enlarging them, as
some say, to twice their former extent, and adorning them
with turrets. We find, that after the death of this heroic
lady in 919,. who during her widowhood had governed the
Province of Mercia with, consummate and successful \a\ox
and ability, Chester again fell into the hands of the Welshj
from whom, according to William of Malmsbury, it was re
covered by King Edward the elder, a few days only before
his death, which happened in 924. — In or about the year
971, King Edgar was at Chester, and suramoned here all
the Princes of the Island to pay him homage, and the Kin"s
of Scots> Cumberland, Man, and five petty Kings of Wales
oras Higden,.the Monk,, calls them, eight sub-reguli, swore
fealty to him, and rowed hira in a barge up the river, from
his Palace on the south side of the Dee, to the Monastery
of St. John, on the opposite shore. — Giraldus Cambriensis^
mentions its being asserted here in his time, that Kin" Ha
rold, after his defeat by William the Norman, at the battle
of Hastings in IO66, having received many wounds and lost

TRADITION RESPECTING HAROLD, AND HENRY IV. 5
his left eye, by an arrow in that engagement, escaped to
Chester, and spent tbe remainder of his days as an ancho
rite, in a cell near St. John's church. The same tradition
is mentioned by John Brompton, who adds, that his tomb
was shewn in the middle of the area behind the cross, at St.
John's church ; it was also asserted by some, that he was
alive when King Henry the First, returned through Chester
from Wales, and that he had an interview with that Mo
narch. It was, however, the more generally received opi
nion, that Harold died in battle, and was buried at Wal-
tham» Henry de Knightou, and other historians, relate
that Harold's consort. Queen Algitha, after the Conqueror's
success, was for a while removed to Chester, as a place of
security, by her brothers. Earls Edwin and Morcar. Giral
dus also relates a tradition, that Henry Emperor of Ger
many, spent the latter part of his days as a, hermit, in a
desert place near Chester, and was buried in the city,
having confessed his rank when on the point of death.
Camden, in noticing this tradition, speaks of Henry the
Fourth, as the Emperor of whom it was told ; but all the
circumstances mentioned by Giraldus, who only calls him
"Imperatorem Romanum Henricum," apply to Henry
the Fifth. There is a tradition of very old standing, that
this Emperor led a retired life, under the borrowed name
of Godescallus, or Godstallus ; and a lane which was near
the Cathedral, called Godstall-lane, is said to have obtained
that appellation from him. In an ancient Chronicle, called
the " Red Book of the Abbey of Chester," was the following
passage, which seems to give some countenance to these tra
ditions : "A" I no Rex Henricus dedit filiam suam Godes-
callo Imperatori Alemannae, qui nunc Cestriae jacet." There
is also at this day a tomb shewn in the Cathedral, in which

HENRY THE FIFTH.

it is said an Emperor of Germany was buried. But not
withstanding the ahove authority, and even that the time
when Giraldus found, the tradition current at Chester was
but about sixty years after the death of Henry the Fifth
of Germany, it seems evident from the best historians, that
tbis Emperor died at Utrecht, on May 23d, A. D. 1125,
and that his body was conveyed to Spire for interment,
" Ac postquam intestina ibidem fuerint sepulta, per colo-
niam Agrippinam deportatup, in civitate Spira, juxta pa
trem, avum, proavum, imperatores, culto regio sepelitur." —
Our Monarch Henry the First, who was then in Normandy,
sent immediately for his daughter Maud the Empress, ami
brought her with him to England.
After the conquest of England, by Willi am the Norman,
in 1066, he gave the Earldom of Cliester to Gherbod', a
Nobleman of Flanders, bat who never took possession ofhis
territory and returning to the Continent, died soon after.
William then conferred the dignity upon his nephew,
HoGH DE Auranches, commonly called Hugh Lupus,
to hold as freely by the sword, as he himself held the King
dom of England by the Crown. It is alsosaid, the Con
queror accompanied his nephew on his journey as far as
Malpas, where he invested him with the sovereignty of the
county. The Earl then marched forwards to Chester, and
took the city, after having been thrice repulsed. In conse
quence of the extensive grant of William to his nephew,
Cheshire enjoyed all sovereign juirisdiction within its own
precincts. The Earl established a Parliament of his Ba
rons, appointed his own Courts of law, was not controwjed
by the English Acts of Parliament, and exercised every act
ot regal authority in his own person. His Barons, too, had

EARLDOM GIVEN TO LUPUS.

then free Courts for a!Il pleas and suits, except those belong
ing to the dignity of tfie Earl's Sword, and had the power
-oflife and death. These high and otherwise unaccounta
ble jurisdictions were necessary -upon the marches and bor
ders of the Kingdom, as investing the Govei'iiors of those
Provinces with dictatorial powers, and enabling them more
effectually to subdue the enemies of the King. Agreeably
to these high powers, when the style in all legal proceedings
in the Courts of Westrainster ran, " Contra coronam et
dignitatem regis," in our county Palatine these pleas were
constantly expressed " Contra dignitatem gladii Cestria."
This famous Sword of Dignity is still preserved in the British
Museum ; it is 3 feet H inches and 1 eighth in length, the
blade is 2 inches and 3 eighths wide at the top, and tapers
gradually to a sharp point ; the handle is gilt, and degantly
ornamented witb scrolls of foliage and flowers ; some parts
of it are inlaid with mother of pearl; the guard is wanting.
Hugh Lupus, after he had been invested with the Earl
dom of Chester, made some of his frieuds and great men
Barons, and these Barons, with the Abbots of the Cheshire
Monasteries, composed his Parliaments. The form of his
writs was "Ego Comes Hugo et met Barones." Every
Baron had four Esquires, every Esquire had one Gentle
man, and every Gentleman one Valet, for their attendants.
They took theh- titles from the chief seats of their Baronies,
and their dignities, although local, were hereditary. The
number of Hugh Lupus's Barons is generally supposed to
have been eight, viz. Nigel, Baron of Halton; Robert of
Montalt ; William of Malbedeng or Nantwich ; Richard
Veraoa, of Shipbrook; Fitzhugb, of Malpas; Hamo de
Masfiey, of Dunham Massey ; Gilbert d© Venables, of Kin-

THE BARONS OF THE EARL.

derton ; and Nicholas de Stockport. The armorial bear
ings of the above Barons were formerly to be seen in the
old Exchequer Court of Chester Castle. It is, however,
certain, there was a ninth Baron, Robert de Rothlent,
cousin to Hugh, who held large estates, and was General
of the Earl's forces, but died many years before him, being
slain in a battle with the Welsh, in the year 1088.
The enemy cut off his head, and fixed it in triumph upon
the mast of a ship ; afterwards his soldiers brought his body
to Chester, and with great lamentation buried it in the mo
nastery of St. Werburgb.
Hugh the First Earl, after tbe Conquest, was, it is
said, of most excellent parts for rule and government both
in peace, and war, and by his princely carriage obtained
great honor and dignity, as well in the affairs of the kipg-
dom in general, as in the government of his own Province
and Earldom. Of this Hugh, however, Ordericus says,
"He was not abundantly liberal, but profusely prodigal,
and carried not so much a family along with him as an
army. He took no account either of his receipts or dis
bursements : he daily wasted his estate, and delighted
more in falconers and huntsmen, than in the tillers of his
land, or Heaven's orators, the Ministers. He was much
given to his belly, whereby in time he became so fat, that
he could scarce crawl. He had many bastard children, but
they were almost all swept off by sundjy misfortunes." —
The Welsh called him Hugh vr^s, that is Hugh the Fat,
and Ordericus, Hugh Dirgane, which also signifies Hugh
the Gross. His wealth and power must have been enor
mous, for according to the Conqueror's survey, commonly
called the BooJc of Doomsday, he appears to have had land-

£A%LS OP CllfesTER.

ed property in twenty diffei'ent counties of Engltod, besides
what he gained by th'e' sWOj'd' in Wales, viz. Cheshire, Berk
shire, Buckinghamshire, DerbyMre, I>evon/, Dorset, Glou
cestershire, Hampsfiire, Huntington, Lincoln, Nottingham,
Norfolk, Northampton^ Oxford, Rutland, Shrq^shirey So
merset, Suffolk, Warwick, and Yorkshire,
He married ErW!?nl';udej daugter. of Hugb.de'ClaTinlon.t;
Earl of Beavoys, in France, by whom, Ordericus says> he
had only one child, Richard, his successor, and of this opi
nion was that very learned Antixjuarian Sir Peter Ijty^esteT,
to whose decision,, in all doubtful pQints,T am inelided ta
adhere; but according to others, be had -three-legitinaaCs
¦sons and a daughter, 'Hu^ Lupus founded the Afebey of
St. Werburgb, as- wjll be afterwards 'more .fully metvtionedy
-when treating of the religipus- foundations,,o£Ti«hich<i4i^i»
-said he was, forthe salvation ofhis soul,,pi!ofe^ed.;aMpi;ilE;i
a £eY days before his death. He died July l.;ftl|, 1102^,
and was buried in the churcb-yard» with th^foll«>wing,epi.'
staph., but his body was afterwards removed- by bis,»epl»ewf!
ilandle^ into the Chapter House of the Abbey:
aitlinugf) mg Corpjg it ttcsi (It gtase
atiBtfjat ttt8 tfe# tonguiti® be,
SgS' lactate Wi note t^at gcttt |at)«,
ao- ®art.srimetitnt.tiet&i;s. Citgei
I^ngfi JLnj}e b» namt,
©on to t|e t)ukt of 'BtiStami
g&f t'^Wafc^e fljm Seittg' fiotuett
'Co ^&^onouc of €3oa.3l oiBeoi^
i;i[)t ifounliation cf ^iiei ^aaamn'
1B:|t nittti* geat of t^i^ mg' JFouhnatton,
B

10 EARXS OF CHESTER.
3In tfie Beat; of our loro &)m Mns ia,
9L tljousano one iiunDcea ana ttoo,
31 tftangEB tliftf life, berilg
%^t piii £)aie of lulg. ¦
He was succeeded in his titles and possessions by
Richard, the Second Earl, who was only seven
years of age, when his father died ; aud whether his other
brothers were base or not, they appear to have been all
brought up together.
This Richard married Matilda, daughter of Stephen Earl
of Blois, by his wife Adela, the daughter of William the
Conqueror, and niece to King Henry the First. He was
retwning to England, with his wife and Ottewell his.bro-
ther, when he embarked at Harefleet, in Normandy, in a
vessel called Candida Navis, with two of the sons of King
Henry the Pirst, arid three hundred more, including many
of the English Nobility, composing the retinue of King
Henry, who was also on his return, but embarked in a dif
ferent ship. The King having given three hogsheads of
wine to the crew, they were all drunk; and being unable to
govern the ship, they suffered it to be wrecked ; by which
«very one on board perished, except one Berolde, a butcher,
of Rouen, in Normandy, wbo was taken up the next morning
by three fishermen, and with much difficulty recovered, af
ter which, he lived twenty years. This happened in the
year 1120. The third brother, Robert, having been made
Abbot of Edmondsbury, was on that account, "say tbose
who insist on his. legitimacy, incapable of succeeding to
the Earldom; it was, therefor^, transferred to Randal, son
of Maude, sister to Hugh Lupus. ¦

EARLS OF CHESTER. 1 I
Randal, the first of the name, and third who had borne
the Princely dignity, had the surname of Mecenis or Mes-
cheuis. He rnarried Lucy, the widow of Roger de Ro-
mara. She was the daughter of Algar the Saxon, Earl of
Mercia, and sister to the two great Earls Edwin of Mercia,
and Morcar of Northumberland, who stoutly opposed Wil
liam the Conqueror. Tbis Lucy had three husbands, and
survived them all. The first, was Ivo de "Talbois, Earl of
Aiigeau. The second; Roger de Romara, by whom she had
issue, William de Romara, Earl of Lincoln. The third
husband was Randal, tlie third Earl of Chester, and first' of
that name. ' This Randal had issue by Lucy, Randal, who
succeeded his father in the Earldom; William, who was
Earl of Cambridg'e; Agnes, the first Vife of Robert de
Grentemaisnil ; and Adeliza who marrted'Richard, son of
Gilbert de 'Clare. — He contiriued Earl about eight year^,
and died in tbe year 1 128. It is probable; he built the pre
sent Chapter House of the Cathedral, where his body was
interred. He was succeeded by his son,
Randal, the Second, the fourth Earl, called de Ger-
nouns, born at Gernois Castle, in Normandy. He resem
bled his father in 'moderation and love of justice, yet was
more magnanimous in bis dispositiori, and shewed great valor
in the affairs of war, and wisdom in their mariagement.- He
took King Stephen, prisoner at the battle near Lincoln, on
Candlemas-day, 1141, the history of which is set down at
large in Ordericus. He was a principal actor in the do
mestic wars, which then agitated every part of the King
dom. He married Maude, daughter of Robert Earl of
Gloucester, bastard son of King Henry the First, by whom
he had issue, Hugh Cyveiioc, so called from being born in

"B ..r "-^ .^1'.: , ^ . . ,' . ,.
19 fABLS OF AH^STEIC

the .country of Powis. He fflunded the Nunnery of Ches
ter^ and the JPwary of Trentham, jn Staffoffdshii'e ; also the
Priory of Men-tingis, in Linicolnshire. He gasie the tow^
flf Canoe or Kank^ to the Abbey of St^nely, in Warwickr
s^re. •¦ Hp fJQu^^ed, or very e«»nj5idei'^l4y atgrnented, the
Aiihey of Rgsing.werk, in Flintsliire. He gave .CunaJbe to
the Abbey .»f BpL-desleyj in Staffordshire ; which his Coun
tess Maude, and Hugh his son, afterwards ¦confij;B|ed.Not.>
withstanding his great liberality t,Q the Chnrcb, he died
escommnnicated by Walter Dnrdapt, Bishop of Juicbfield,
and for his.absolutiofl, OP rather.theUberatio^ ttf his soul
fi-om purga-tory, Ws widow and son ^gaye -the town of Sty-^
shall, jjear Coventn-y, to the Bishqp and his sucoessoj-s.--'
Maudehis widow, also, in 1172, founded the Pjiory ,of the
Holy Tirioity, at B.ipeBdon or Reptoti, in D,ej^yjshife.T7f
This noble and worthy Earl was sapposed to have been
poisoned by WilKaro PevereJl, Earl of Nottingham. He
died on the l6th of December, 1-1^3., after ha.vJng beei^
Earl about twenty-five years, during .a very turbulent pe
riod. He had other illegitimate offspring.
HuCH,THE ExPTH E4BL, of tbe surname of Pohun,, suc
ceeded his father, the last mentioned Randal. He was a
man of violent passions, and was in conseqngnce led into
many troubles. He was at one time taken prisoner in
Normandy, and so lemained about a year, when be was
allowed to pay a ransom, and retqrn home in the year
1174; when havjng gained wisdom in adversity, he after
wards lived in peace and prosperity. H;e married Ber-
treya or Bertrede, daughter of Simon Earl of Ev^reux, in
Normandy, By her he had one son, Randal, and four daugh
ters, Maude, MabplI, Aignes, and Avisa, who were all bono.

EARLS OF CHJISTER. JS

rably maiiried ; Maude, ito David E»rl of Huntington ; Ma
bel, to WiUiam D'Albmny, Earl of Arundel; Agn^s, to
William Ferrers, Earl of Derbye and Avisa, to Robert
Quincey, Eari of Linpoln. He continued Earl pf Chester
ahout twe.nty*-,eight. years, and -died at Leek, in Stafford
shire, but his body was carried to Cheater, and buried in
the Chapter Honse.
Randal, the Sixth Eakl, <:alled .^he Good^. of the race
ofthe BDhuns,.but surnamed Blundeville, son ofthe above
Hugh, who was the ma&t famoi]s,of .all who preceded.him.
He performed many worthy and honorable exploits, some
few only of which can he recounted. His first noble en
terprizes in bis youth, against the valiapt Llewellin, Prince
of Wales, won him great renown. But at oue time, he
had, borne himself so venturously, that he was in danger of
an overthrow, and glad to retire into the Castle of Rudd-
land, where Llewellin besieged him. Upon this, thp Earl
presently sent to his Constable Roger Lacey, surnamed
Hell, from his fierce spirit, with orders that he $hoqId come
with all speed, and bring what force he could collect for
his relief. This oj-der came to Chester upon the day of the
Eeast .of &t, John the Baptist, when an immense concourse
of. strumpets, minstrels, and vagabonds of all kinds, were
collected ; for according to a charter of Hugh Lupus, no
criminals attending the city fairs could be arrested, unless
for misdemeanors committed during their stay. Th? Con
stable La.cy, therefore, with the assistance ofhis son inlavv,
Ralph Duttgn, im^iediafely collated all the rabble of fid
dlers, singers, cobblers, players, hoth men and women, and
marched to tbe relief of the Earl. The Welsh, perceiving
so great a multitude advancing upon thein^ iinipediately

14 EARLS OP CHESTER.

raised the siege and fled. The Earl coming back with
his Constable to Chester, as a reward and in meriior'y of
this service, gave Lacy authority over all the fiddlers,
whores, and shoemakers, in the county. The Constable
only reserved to himself the authority and donation of the
latter, and transfered his power over tbe forraer to Dutton
of Dutton, whose heirs enjoy the same power, and au
thority to this day. — In II94, (5 Richard I.) this Earl
Randal, with Earl David, Tjrother to the King of Scotland,
andthe Earl Ferrers, with a great army,, besieged, the Castle
of Nottingham, which John the King's brother had caused
to be garrisoned against the King in his absence, he being
detained prisoner by the Roman Emperor. In I217j this
Earl, with many others, met about the besieging the Castle
of Mounfsorrel, in Leicestershire, at the instigation of Wil
liam Mai shall. Regent of England for tbe young King,
which they fiercely assaulted ; but Lewis King of France,
and the Barons of Englarid,'sent forces froin London to raise
the siege. The Earl of Chester hearing thereof, went witb
othei's to Nottingham^ The Barons marched ou and
besieged Lincoln. In the mean time, the Regent com
manded all the forces out ofhis several garrisons to ineet
at Newark, for raising the siege of Lincoln. The Earl of
Chester was tbe chief Commander, and in the following
week they routed the Barons at Lincoln. Ralph Higdeii
says, in the Polychronicon, that Randal slew raany of the
Erench, so that Lewis their King, seeing his party much
weakened, did for a sum of money, surrender up all his gar
risons, and return to France. In 131^,' Randal having
agreed with Llewellin Prince of Wales, took a voyage to
Jerusalem, in which year Damietta was taken by the Chris
tians. In 1220/ on hi» return from the Holy Land, he

EARLS O^ CHESTER. 15
built Chartley, and Delacreusse, in Staffordshire, and Bees-
t-on iCastle, in Cheshire ; this last, now in ruins, has a pro
phecy in favor of its resurrection, current among the vulgar
and to which Leyland alludes in his well known lines : —
AsSyrio rediens -victor Ranulphus ab orbe.
Hoc posuit Castrum terrorem gentibus olim
Vicinis, patriieq; suse memorabile vallum.
Nunc lic^t indignas patiatur fr^cta ruinas,
Tempus erit quando rursus caput exeret altum,
Vatibus antiquissi fas. mihi credere vati.
Bishop Gibson, in his Edition of Cambden, translates
these verses as follows :—
Randal returning froria the Syrian land, ^
This Castle raised, his county to defend, >
Tbe Borderer to fright and to command. J

Though ruin'd here the stately fabrick
'Yet, with new glories it again shall rise
If I, a prophet, may believe old proph^

L lies, 'J
ise; ^
ecies ! \

: In this year, Randal rnost forcibly shewed how perfect
a Monarch he was in his own dominions ; for when that
weak Prince, Henry III. issued his royal mandate for thc
collection of the Papal Tax, and the Pope sent his collec
tors throughout Christendom to gather up his tentlis ; the
Earl of Chester alone, not only forbid the collection of the
tax .within tbe hounds of his territory, jbut threatened the.
collectors with death, if they insolently dared to disobey his
royal pleasure. He suffered none in bis dominions, either
4ayraanor clerk, to yield any, tentlis to the Pope's proctors ;
:although all England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, paid

16 EiktS ot CBESTER.

therii. In I^S-fll, theEarl purchased of Roger dfelWersi^i
all the lands wbieli he liad between tbe Ribble arid Mersey^
in Lancashire.
King Henry II. so early as 1188, Knighted him, and
gave him to wife Constance, the widow of Gfeffry, his fourth
son, daughter and heiress to- Conani Dlike of Lrtt3e Britain,
and Earl of Riebmondi whett Rarid&l asSnnled those titles
and wrote hiiHself " Bklniil^hm' Daw Britwtmce et Gomes
CestriiE el JHchmoridite.
In 1200, be was divorced from Constance, having no
issue by her,, and she afterwards married Guy, ViscoUilitof
Thouars, by whom she had a daughter called AUee. Raijt-,
dal, upon his divorce from Constance, married Clemence,
sister to Gefl^iy dei Filgiers, in Norinajiidy, aind widow of
Alan de Dirioiaimi Some, have given! a, thii?d ¦tvifei to Ran
dal BluriddvafUe, natnreiy'' MEfligaiiety daughiter of- Humphrey
BohuniJ' Coii^t^le of England, bnO ibisiis an error, for it
is plain'jl:hatGlenieiaice,iCotwitess of Chester, survi»ed'herhus-
band Randal, im she' snbseiquently srued oait her dower. —
This Earl bad no issue by either of his wives, leaving bis
whole inheilitance to be shared by his four sisters. He died
at Wallingford, in Berk-Shire,;,but Uns huiriediin the Claap-
ter Hffii4se with biS' ariclestors, hiatving; riejgnedi fifity-one
¦yeats. .•, - :¦ ..--
JoHtr, THE SErvKNTir Earl, surnalfled ftie Seof, son of
David> Eail of Htiniingtoii, and Maude eldest sister of the last
Sandali succeeded to tbe Eai'ldom of Chesfer, in right of
bis mother. His fethej'Dkvid', brother to William King of
Sewtfend, was knighted 'fey Khtgllrenryn. in II 7d; and
made Eaiil of lltiritington in I184. ' SediBd'dhotitr2'igf,'
w tihat John the' Sdoti hissdtt, was* Ekrfbiotb of Chester '

fiARta Of GtlESTBS. It
and Huntington. He married- Hiden, daughter of LeWel-
lin Pi-insee erf Wales, in- 1 122', This marriage was agreetl
upon between Randal BJundeviHe and Llewellin, in confir
mation of their treaty of peace, as appears from a copy
of the original deed in Sir Peter Leycestei'^s Cheshire An
tiquities. This Earl John died at Darnhall, in 1237, but
was, buried in the Chapter House, by the side of his uncle.
He was poisoned by the contrivance of his wife Helen,
"who afterwards married Robert de Quincy, third son of
Saber de Quincy^ Earl of Winchester ; which -RobeEt died
•in 1257, at the justs or tournaments, of Blie.
John, the Seventh Earl having no issue, and' the male
¦line o-f the ancient Earls of Chester now failing, King
Henry HI. in I23.7j took the Earldom into his own hands',
and annexed it to the Crown of England. He gave other
lands to the widow and' sisters of John Scot, being unwiU
ing, as the King himself said, " that so great an inheritance
as the Earldom of Chester, should be divided among dis-
'taffs," -According to Dugdale, the foHowing lands were
¦ given in corapensation for the seizure of the Earldom hy
'the Crown : —
Helen, the widow, had Fatheringhuy amd Jartvell, M
Northamptonsfnte; Kewision, in Bedfordshire; Totnam,
in MiMlesex.; Brampton, Conington, and Limpays, hi Hun-
-tirtgtonshire ; Bada, ia Essex ; and Exton, in-Ruiiandshire.
The sisters had tbefollowing, viz.
Devergoil, daughter of Margaret, eldest sister of John,
had the manors of Luddm^n,. aad Torksey, in Linceln-
Mre, with the Fwnu (gT Kwwwwlfcp i» NaitfDik.
Isabell, had Whittell, aud Hatfield, in Essex.

18

EARLS OF CHESTER.

•Maude, tbe third sister, died without issue.
Ada, the fourth, bad Bromsgrdve, in Worcestershire';
Bolsover, in Derbysfiire, with the Manor aud Castle ; the
Manor and soke oi Mansfield, aviA Oswardbeck' Wapentake,
Warfield, Stratton, and Condover, iu Shropshire ; Wigging-
ton, and Wolverhampton, in Staffordshire.
All the ancient rights, pi'ivileges, and prerogatives, of the
county Palatine of Chester, with all the courts and immu
nities of the city, were jiieserved unimpaired by the crown.
The title of Earl of Chester has also been considered ari ho
norable distinction, fit only to be confered upon tbe Heir
Apparent to the Crown of England, by whom, ever since
1;he reign of Henry III. this title hasbeen, with few excep
tions, - assumed. When the King's eldest son is' created
Prjnce of Wales,; he is at the same time made Earl of Ches
ter ; but upon the death or coronation of every Prince,
these ancient and honorable titles are jji'eserved'in the crown
till a new creation;
I shall hereafter, in speaking of the ancient history and
present constitution of the Col-poratioii, have occasion to
explain the local government of the city, subsequent to the
death of Earl John. I vvill now, tbei-efore, baying enume
rated the Earls ofChestei-i from the,>Conquest till the ex-'
tinction of the-ancient line, and tbe Sjeizure of the title and
government of the Earldom by the crown, proceed to gives
some accountof tbe ancient Barons and their descendants.

BARONS OF Hugh lupus. 19
The Barons of Hugh Lupus,
Have been already enumerated ; but I will now proceed
to trace as exactly as possible, in so remote and obscure a
path, their priority or dignity among themselves, and the
descent of their respective Baronies. Some think the Baron
of Malpas to bave been the prirae Baron, inasmuch as Ro
bert Fitz-Hugh (who was Baron of Malpas, under Hugh
Lupus, in the Conqueror's time) has for the mostpart tbe
. priority . in the writings of those ancient times, and, also
in , tbe record of Doomsday Book, where among all the
Barons be is put down first. By, tbis book also, itap-
. pears, that. Fitz-Hugb held more land in this county,
.than any one of the others, except Williarn Malbedeng. —
Admitting him, however, to have ranked first, till certain
officers were annexed to the Baronies, the matter after
that, must be clear beyond all controversy, for William
.Eitz-Nigel of Halton, being made Constable of Cheshire in
.fee, his Barony took precedence in right of his oi^ce. For
further satisfaction in proof of tbis point. Sir Peter Ley-
cester cites a charter of Randal the Second, made in tbe
reign of King Stephen, by whicb you find the words Opti-
mates ani Baroraes, explaining and elucidating each other,
you have also pre-eminence given to . tbe , Constable of
-Chester, (wbo vvas Baron of Halton) above all the other
Barons, of the; Earl. This also appears by the form of all
the charters made by tbe Earls of Chester, in those ancient
times, where, the. stile runs thus, " Ranulphus Comes Ces-
trije, Constabulario, Dapifero, Baronibus, &c. salutem j"
here.we, find the Constable first mentioned, then the Stew-
lard, and, aftervvards- the Barons in- general ; and in this or
der they are ranked by Carabden and Spelman, viz.

20 BARONS OF mipv i,iiv.ns.

1st. Barpn- .of Hakon,. High Countable.
2d.  Montalt, High Steward.
3d. -^.  Wich-Maldebengj or Nantwich,
4th  Malpas,
5th  Shipbroke.
6th  Dunham Massey
7th  , Kinderton.
9th ¦ Stockport.
N^i-qiEs,, Ejr&t Baron of Halton, was a consin to Hiugh
Lupus,, aad was also made by hina ConstaJble of Chester,
and Marshal of his forces, on condition that he should lead
the van ©f his army, whenever he marched into Wales.-—
These- great offices of Constable and Marshal were attached
to the Barony, and enjoyed by his successors. WiUiam,
son of the above Nigel, succeeded bis fathearinbis ££u:.oi3y
and offices, which be enjoyed until die reign of King Ste
phen. This William had a daugbter inamed Maude, who
married Eustace, a Norman, by whom she liad a spn named
Richard "Fitz- Eustace, who after the decease .of William,
was in r|^t of his raother, created Baron of Halton and
Constable of Chester. He married Albreda de Lizours,
daughter and heii'ess of Robert de Lizoms, and sister xrf
Robert Lacy, Lord of Pootefract, by whom be had a son
named Roger, who first assumed tbe narae of Lacy for him
self and his posterity. Lacy, Lord Pontefract dying with
out issue, all bis possessions descended to his sister Albreda,
^nd afterwards to his nephew Roger, son of Richard Fitz-
Eustace and -the said Albreda. Tim Roger is mentioned
in ancient recoids, as having been Constable of Chester,
when King Richard 1. took tis journey to Syria ; he also
continued Constable of Chester in tbe reign of King John,
when he died; and left a son named John, who succeeded

BARfiNS OF HUGH LUPUS. 31
him in liis honors, acquired great renown, and took an
active part with the Barons against King John. He was
twice raarried, first to Alice, daughter of Gilbert Aquila,
by whom he had no issue, and afterwards to Margaret,
daughter and co-heiress to Robert Quincey Earl of Lincoln,
whose Earldom h« eventually inherited. Alice, daughter
and heiress to Henry Lacy Earl of Lincoln, who died
in 1310, married Thomas Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster,
who became in her right Constable of Chester. Blanch,
daughter and co-heiress to Henry Duke of Lancaster,
brought tbe Barony of Halton in marriage to John of
Gaunt, fourth son of King Edward III. and the Castle is
said to have been one of his favorite residences. From him
the Barony descended to his son, Henry Bolinbroke Duke
of Lancaster, who having deposed King Richard II. be
came King of England, by the name of Henry IV. ; since
which time, the Barony of Halton, has been annexed to
the Crown, and been esteemed part of the Duchy of Lan
caster. It is at present held hy a lease from the Crown,
by the Earl of Cholmondeley,
MopiTALT, or as it is now called Mold, must have been a
post of the greatest importance to the Earls of Chester, as
commanding one of the approaches to the city from Wales.
The Baron must on this account, it seems probable, have
been one of tbe greatest consideration to the citizens of
Chester, as keeping in check those restless and daring ene
mies to tbe Norman invaders, tbe neighbouring Welsh. —
The first Baron Montalt, was Hobert, who received his ho
nors and estates from tbe bands of Earl Hugh, and we find
they continued in his family, with some reverses from
the fate of war, till the first of Edward III. in 1327, when

82 BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.
¦ the last. Baron of Montalt, also of the name of Robert,.
dying without 'issue, passed his estates lo Isabel the Queen-
Mother, but on her disgrace;, they fell to the crown.
William de Maldebeng,. Wich-Malbank, or Nantwich,
was a relative to Hugh Lupus, and the £rst Baron of Nant
wich ; he fixed his seat in that town, where he built a castle.
Hugh tbe second Baron gave a fourth part of tlie whole Ba-
roriy to the Abbey of Combeimere, which he founded. Wil
liam the third Baron, died in the reign of Edward I.
without male issue, leaving three daughters, Philippa, Aud;i,
and Eleanor, between whom the Barony was divided. The
manors and portions allotted to each, are recorded, also the
transfer and descent of each, to this day ; but itis unneces
sary- in this place to enter minutely into detail. Philippa,
the eldest, married Thomas, Lord Basset, of Heddington,
by whom she had three daughters, viz. Philippa, Joan, and
Alice, who all married, and between whom the portion of
Philippa was subdivided. Auda, the second daughter of
William de Malbank, married Warin de Vernon, Baron of
Sbipbrooke; their son Warin left a son of the same name,
(who died without issue) and three daughters, Margaret,
Auda, and Rose, who all married, and among whom this por
tion ofthe Batony vvas divided.
Eleanor the youngest daughter of Earl William, died un
married, and bequeathed her estate to the Audley family.
¦a) ¦'
In the year 1597j Sir, Hugh Cholmondeley died, seized
of the greater part of the barony of Nantwich, having, it
is stated,.had thirty out of thirty six parts. All these es-
.tates, icxcept.thfi Audley-fee, and the Countess of Warwick's
,fee, which have been long, in, the Crevye family, and now

BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS. 23
the property of Lord Crewe, have continued in the Chbl-
Jnondeley family, and are now tbe property of George James,
Earl of Cholmondeley, and Baron of-Wich-Malbarik.
Robert Fitz-Hugh, Baron of Malpas, -where he had a
castle, of which thfe keep remains, near the church, left no
male issue. In tbe reign of Richard 1st, the barony pass
ed in right of his coheiresses; by moieties, to Robert Pa
trick, and' David Belward, orie Clerk. The daughter, and
eventually sole heiress of the last of the Pati'icks, brought
this moietyinto the Sutton fairiily. On the death of Wil
liam de Malpas, son of David le Clerk, without lawful issue,
his illegitimate son, David, possessed himself of his father's
moiety which was inherited by the posterity bf his two
danghters to the exclusion of the lawful heirs ; Beatrice,
one of these daughters, brought a fourth part of the
barony in marriage, to the Suttons, in whom nearly the
whole appears to bave been vested^ in the reign of Henry
VH. EdWard Sutton Lord' Dudley, having purchased
large estates of the Hortons, whose maternal ancestor, Uri-
an St. Pierre, married the other daughter of David de Mal
pas, ahove mentioned. It appears, however, that tbe Brere-
tbns, who claimed a moiety. of the baroriy by descent from
One of the daughters, and eventually sole heiress of David
de Malpas, the last male heil-, who died in 1302, had law
suits with tbe representatives of David the Bastard, and re
covered part of the barony. — In or about the year 1527,
John Sutton Lord Dudley, conveyed the manor and castle
of Malpas, and three-fourths of the barony, to George Ro
binson and others; In 1536, be alienated another por
tion 'ofthe- barony- and large estates in Malpas and else
where, to Sir Rowland Hill. In 1500, Sir Rowland^ settled
^ fourth of the barony and large estates in the parish, on his

24

BARONS OF HUOH LUPUS.

Niece, Alice Greetwood, who married Sir Reginald Corbet.
Sir Richard Corbet, his son, sold in 1587, to Sir Randal
Brereton, bf Shocklach, whose daughter, and heiress, mar
ried Sir Richard Egerton. This property is now vested iri
the Earl of Cholmondeley, whose ancestor purchased from
the Egertons, ip 1030. Tbe remainder of the barony and
estates in Malpas, became vested by descent, and partly by
purchase, in the Breretons of Brereton, from whom they
were purchased, in the reign of Charles II. by Sir WiUiam
Drake, ancestor of Thomas Drake Tyrwhitt Drake, Esq.
the present proprietoi> The Bai-ons of Malpas, in com
mon with tbe other Barons» had tbe power of life and
death, at their com-ts, and it appears that criminals convictT
•ed of felony, were punished by beheading, which in a re
cord of tbe reign of Edward II, is spoken of as the custom
of Cheshire; it appears also, that it was customary to present
the beads of all felons that had been so executed, at the
Castle of Chester This power was exercised by tbe se
veral possessors ofthe moities and fourth parts of the Baro
ny of Malpas. In the sixth year of Edward II. David
Bulkeley, seijeant of tlie peace to Richard Sutton, piesent-
ed the heads of two felons, executed for burglary; an«f
Hugh Cholmondeley, seijeant of the peace to John de St.,
Pierre, presented the head of Thonias Barnes, executed for
theft, and had his fee, called the rudynge (riding) fee.—
(Hart. MSS, Na. 2079, pp. 124 S; 131.]
Richard de Vernon, one of Hugh Lupus's, Barons,
was the first who settled at Shipbrooke. Warin Vetnoa.
the fifth Baron in; succession, and son of Warin, who had
married one of tbe coheiresses of the Baron of Nantwich,
Wt three daughters, coheinesses, mavried into the families <*

BARONS OP HUGH LUPUB. 25

Wilbraham, Stafford, and Littlebury. Ralph Vernon, rec
tor of Hanwell, younger brother of ^Varin, had a long suit
with bis nieces, concerning the Barony, and it was at last
determined by award, that Ralph should have one half of
the Baronial Estate, including Sbipbrooke, the seat ofthe
Barony, and the manor of Minshul Vernon. Thisestate
was settled by deed on bis illegitimate sori Sir Ralph, who
lived to the age of a hundred and fifty, as appears by law
proceedings respecting the Vernon estates. This Sir Ralph
had issue male, hoth by his first wife Mai-yi daughter of
Lord Dacre; and by Maude Grosvenor, (widow of John
¦Hatton.) In the-year 1325, he made a settlement upon the
marriage of his grandson, or as some pedigrees have it, his
great grandson Sir Ralph, with Agnes, daijgbter of Ri-
'chard Damory, Chief Justice of Chester. By this deed,
in tbe event of failure of male issue from Sir Ralph and
Agnes, the Vernon estates were settled on Richard, eldest
son of tbe above mentioned " Sir Ralph the Old," by Maude
Grosvenor, (passing by Thomas a younger son, by Lord
Dactes's daughter) whose descendant,- James Vernon, some
years afterwards, contested the. validity of the deed, and af
ter considerable litigation, there seems to have been a, com
promise, 'for James Vernon, and his posterity, recovered
Haslington, but Sbipbrooke witb its Barony or Moiety,
passed to, the descendant's of Richard. On -the death of
Sir Ralph, Vernon the younger, who by his wife Agnes
Damory left only a daughter, married to Hamo le Strange,
Shipbrooke was inherited by Sir Ralph Vernon, son of Ri
chard, on whom tbe estate had been entailed. This Sir
Halph leaving no male issue, Shipbrooke passed to his
younger brother. Sir Richard Vernon, slain at the battle of
¦"Shrewsbury, leaving two sons. Sir Richard, tbe eldest, who
D'

S6 BARONS OF BUGH LUPUS.
died in France, left an only daughter, married to Sir Ro-
jbert FojjlJimrst ; and Sir Ralpib, who inherited Shipbrooke.
Ralph Vernon, son of the last mentioned Sir Ralph, left
an, only daughter and heiress, Dorotljy, married to Sir John
Savage, K. G. who was slain at the siege of Boulogne, in
1(102. jln coBsequence of this marriage, the 'Savages inher
j'ited a. laofc ty of tiie Barony with tiie manor of Shipbrooke,
a-nd the jroy^Uies pf Davenhaw, Leftwieh, Moukoim, Shiui-
iach, and Wstrtou, which were sold in tbe early part of Ihe
Jast cientnry, by John Sarage the last Earl of Rivers, to
Mr. Ricljard Vernon, of Middlewich, who deyjised them to
HeiBiry Vernon, Esq. of Hiltitn, Staffordshire, one of the
Jiiieal descendaijis of Sir WilUafn Vernon, a graiidson ef
Warin the third Barpn of Shiplbrooke. Mr. Vernon pr<3r
cured an Act of Parliament to sell this estate in i76'i, since
whicb time it has passed tbiwngb several hands.
- Hamo, tbe Fi-bst Baron of Duktham Massey, in the
time of Hugh Lupus, beid hiis barony frora tlie Earl of
Chester hy military service, being bound lo attend the King
iu time of war, with a certain numfeer of horse and foot,
and immediately to call out Jais whole poss^ if an enemy's
array slnould. come into Ciiee^bi4ie, or if Chater Castle shiould
be besieged, Hamo, the fifth Baran of Dunham, died with
out iinale issue about the year J341, baving sold tbe rever
sion of DuMham and other estates %o Oliver Inghatu, Justice
of Chester, whose heiiis for a -while possessed it, but not
witliout disturbance, irom the.Fittons. John Fitton mar
ried the elder sister and colieiress ofthe last Baron of Dun
ham Ma«8ey, the heiress of Fitton married i-nto the Ve-
na<)les family, and tite co-heii'ess of William Venables,
of Bollia, having married Robert, ^fteswards Sir Robert

B.VBsows 01" BVeif eupUS. 37
B(!>Mb, the claim was by him rene-rted in the reigtt' bf Henry
VI. and it was at letigtb agreed thaf Sii* Robert shbti'Vd
Ihave one half of the manbrs bf Dunham Massey, Aftrin-
cham, add Hale. This Sir Robert Bboth «^S a yburiger
hrainiGh' of the Booths, of Barton, Laricf. and half bYbtheV bf
La.\Vrence Booth, ArGhbishop of York : having pai'tly suc
ceeded in his ckim, he settlled at Dbnhaoi Mi^ey, Which by
subsequent purchases becairie wholly vtestSd'iW his diSscen-
datots. Sir. George Bootti, Slie seventft. in descent from Sir
Robert, was created a Baronet in 1011, on thef fifst in'Stittf-
tion of tbat order ; liils gsandson' of the saBle nam^e, was
created Baron Delamere of Dufibam MasSey, at the coro
nation of King Chai'Icsi H. ; and Lord Delamei'e's son
Heary, the second Lord. Ddartlere, Was' created' Eal-l of
Warring,£o(Ht, by King Wiltiatn. Ma^y, di'ly d'sfnghfel' and
heiwess of George- BoolHiy the- 3ec:ffl«d and hif)t Earl of War
rington of thai! line, who died ill 1 758, brou-ght tbe Kafony
of Dunham Massey* amd other Iwge estate^, to Heilry Grey,
Ea-pl of Staimford, father of Geoi-ge SaWy the present EarP,
who had the title of Wavrtogtoal coafered' on him' by a new
eveatjoiB', in 17'96-
ItiNDERTON was the ancient seat and- name ofthe Barony
which was given by Hugh Lupus, to bis kinsman Gilbert
de Venables. Tliis Barony i^ stated to haV'e ifld'ud'ed Up-
wa»dS of seven; amd thwty tb*iis]Wps, whicb ate enumerated
in the Hark MSS. *.• tgS?, /. 1^4. Tlife ed'ebtaf ed' fa-
miiy of Venabltes, produced' a: I'ace'bfwai'i'iors : Sii' Rbg'ei'
Venables',, fougtot on the side of Henry III. duririgtlVe Ba
rons wars; IMS' son Sii'r William, disfing'ui'sfted himself in
the wars of King; Edwaad I.-; Sir Hugb, grandson of Sir
WilKamt,, vva-s a eommamdai urider the Btock PfiricC; Sir
lluigh-'sf graml'^on- aind naoje-sia'lis was Cbn^ta'bfeof Clitfsbii'e,

38

BARONS OF HUGH LUPUS.

and acquired great renown in the wars against the Scots j
his son Sir Richard was slain at the battle of Shrewsburv,
on the side ofMortimep; Sir Hugh Venables, great grand
son of Sir Richard,, was slain at Blore-heathj. in 1459; dye
ing without male issue, the manor and Barony of Kinder-
ton passed to his. aunts. and, co-heir-sesses, who married into
the families of Bostock. and Cotton. Sir Thomas Venables,
the heir male of this ancient family, became repossessed of
the Barony, partly, by the marj-iage of his father with a
co-heiress of the Cottons, and partly by agreement after a'
long litigation with the Bostocks. The manor and Barony
continued- witb hisdescendants, who were called Barons of
Kinderton,. till the, death of Peter- Venables> the last Baron
of Kinderton, in 1,070, when tbe Barony and Kinderton
estates passed in. marriage with his daughter, to Montague
Earl of Abington. This daughter died without issue, when
according to the entail, by will of P6ter the last Baron, the
estates reverted to his sister Mary, wbo married Thomas.
Pigot, Esq. : their daughter and heiress Anne Pigot, brought
tbe Barony by marriage to Henry Vernon, Esq. whose
grandson was in 1702, enobled by the title of Lord Ver
non, of Kinderton. The estates and ancient Barony of
Kinderton still remain vested in the present Lord Vernon,
The Barony of Stockport has given rise tomanylfearn-
ed disputes araong Antiquarians, some affirming that it was
the seat of one ofthe Barons of Hugh Lupus, which others
are disposed to doubt; among thelatter was the very learned
Sir Peter Leycester, who, although the arms of the Baron
of Stockport, were formerly to be seen in the old Exchequer
Court in Chester Castle, did not think tbis conclusive, as he
regarded tliose paintings by no means of ancient origin.
The manor and castle of Siockporb belonged soon after tlie

BA.RONS OP HUSH lUPUS. 29
Norman Conquest to the De la Spencers. In tbe reign of
Henry III. it was held by Sir Robert de Stockport, and
some have supposed that the ancestor of this Robert was
one of Hugh Lupus's Barons. Joan, daughter and heiress
of Richard de Stockport, brought the manor to Sir Nicholas
de Eton, whose daughter Cecily, having married Sir Ed
ward Warren, ancestor of tbe Warrens of Poynton, their
son John, on failure of male issue from the Etons, succeed
ed to the manors of Stockport, Poynton, &c. now the pro
perty of Lord Viscount Bulkeley, in right of his wife, only
daughter of Sir George Warren, K. B. It may be observ
ed, that there are docuraents extant, shewing the jurisdic
tion of tbe other Cheshire Baronies, hut we ffnd nothing of
this kind relating to the Barony of Stockport; and iii the re
cords in the reign of Henry III. and Edward I. it is spoken
of not as a Barony but only as a raanor. It appears also,
(temp. Henry VII.) that the proprietor of the lordship or
manor oi Stockport, in the plea to a quo warranto, claimed
onlv the privilege of punishing minor offenders, viz. by tbe
pillory, tumbrel, and cuckiug stool, whereas the Barons,
both spiritual and temporal, had tbe power of life and death.
This power of the Barons Courts also was exerted so lately
as the year 1597, when Hugh Stringer was tried for mur
der inthe Baron of Kinderton's Court, and executed, in the
39th of Queen Elizabeth.

30 ECei.ESIASTICAI, HISTORY.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.

At what particular time tbe doctrines- of Christianity
were first taught in Chester— 'Wben its teacfeefS becarae per
manent residents in the city — or a;t what perJbd religious
communities were formed, and jdaccs of public worship first
built, will at this time be difiScok to determine. Brad
shaw, Ibe Monk, says, but from wbat auifliori'ty we know
Hot, thiat " the christian faiith- and baptism came into Ches
ter in tbe time of,Kin-g Lucius, who at tbat period was
King o-f tbe Britons, which is less than 140 years from
the time of Christ, He says, that a cburch was then built
and dedicated to St. Peter amd St. Paul, and that this was-
tbe Dsiother church,, amd burial to all Chester, and seven
miles round, so contimuing for upwards of three hundred
yeai's," It is evident, little if aaity creiKt cafl be given tb-
this, account.
It is stated in tbe ancient records of Free Masonry, that
the christian faith was preached at Caerleon, byAMPHi-
BALus,' a Roman, about the year 300, and that it was he
*hb converted Albanus, or St. Alban, tbe first who suffered
martyrdom in Britain, in tbe year 303.
It seems probable, that so early as the year ^7, there
were Monks at Chester, whose refusal to acknowledge the
authority of St. Augustine, brought upon themselves and
unfortunate brethren of Bangor, tbe wrath of King Ethel-
frid. There is no atttbeHtra atceount of any Bishop of Ches
ter before the Notmaft C®n(^uest, bwi we find, that Dwina,
a Scotchman, was raadle BraWp' af Mercia, by King Oswy,
of which Cheshire was a part, and that he had his seat at

ECCI.ESIASTI£AL HISTORY. 31
Lichfield ' in the year 050 ; from this time there remained a
succession of Bishops in that see, having spiritual authority
over Cheshiire, till by decree of the canon law, all Bishops
were removed to the chief city of their diocese; thereupon
Peter Bishop of Lichfield in 10/5, removed his seat from
thence to Chester. But Robert de Linsey, successor of
Peter, leaving Chester, fixed his seat at Coventry in 1095,
which was br-pught back to Lichfield, in the reign of Henry
the First, from which time downwards, the Bishops of this
diocese wer« sometimes called of Coventry, sometiraes of
Lichfield, and -soHjetinies of Chester, according to the place
at which they chose to fix their residence, these cities being
at that tirae aU included in one Bishoprick, and this conti
nued tiU tbe year 1541, being in tbe 33d of Henry VIII. —
Tbe first religious establishment in Chester, of which we
have any authentic account, was on the site of tbe ]>resent
Cathedral, which tradition has said to have also been the
situation of a Teraple of Apollo, in the time of the Romans.
About the year 000, it is related, that Wulferus, King of
the Mercians, founded a Nunnery in favor of bis daughter's
indispo^itlou tp a married life. This was tbe celebrated St.
Werburgb, wbo took the veil, as legends would have us
believe, after having lived a virgin for three years with her
husband Ceolredu?, following tbe exaraple of her Aunt.
Etbelreda, who cohabited with, no doubt the sgrae purity,
for three years, witb her first spouse Tomberctus,' and for
twelve with ber second, the pious Pritice Egfrid. St. Wer
burgb presided over several Mercian Monasteries ; she died
at Trentham, Staff, and by her own ojderwas interred at
Hanbury, but on the approach of the Danes in 875, ber body
was removed to Chester, as a place of greater security from
^e insults of those pagansi, It is uncertain how long the

-33 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
¦tbundation of Wulferus existed, but it was probably ruined
by the barbarians in 895, and finally suppressed, for we
are told tbat from tbe reign oi King Athelstau, in 925, to
the Norman conquest, a set -of canons secular was establish
ed in the place of the nuns. This was tbe pious deed of
Ethelfleda, who restored the buildings, whicb were also sub
sequently repaired in the time of King Edward the Con
fessor, by Earl Leofiic, husband t-o the famous Godeva ;
he also richly endowed tbe establishinent, as did both
Kings Edraund and Edgar. — On the accession of Hugh
Lupus tothe Earldom of Chester, he suppressed the canons
secular, and by his charter, still preserved, established in their
place a colony of his countrymen, Benedictines from Bee,
in Noi-mandy. It is said, this act of piety was owing to a
fit of illness with which' the Earl was attacked, and aftei-
the custom of tbose Monkish times, took tbis way of sooth
ing his troubled conscience. Anselm, Abbot of Bee, and
afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury,, regulated tbe new
foundation, and ap|JOiinted bis chaplain Richard, to Ire first
Abbot. This Abbey was very richly endowed by Hu^i
the founder, and his successors; also by the Barons and
others. According to Sjieed, tbe annual refveriue at the
dissolutioMj was 10751. 17s. ^d.
RicHARb was instituted Abljot in fhe j'eaT 10,93. He
died April 20tb, 1117, and was buried in the east angle or
corner of tJie. south cloister, near the eiitrance into the
north aisle of the Cathedral, and succeeded by ,
Wii,LiAM. He died Oct. 5th, 1140, and was buried in
the game cloister, at the head of his predecessor, and suc
ceeded by , ' .:,,',
Ralph, He died'Nov. 10th, 1 1 57,' and was buried in

aeCLgatxemetit HTSTom'. 33
the same elbi»teir, on th* left side of Abfeot William, and
succeeded by
Robert FiTZ-NiGfRi,. He died Jan. Sist, 1174, and
was buried in Jhe east cloister, vi-oder a marble, on the
right hand of the entrance into the Chapter House, He
was, as is supposed, of the femily bf Fltz-Nig,el, Baron of
Halton, and was succeeded by
RoBBRT, Mie Second. He died Atrgrist27th, 1IS4. On
•lii* death, theKing seieed this Abbey into' his own haBtfy,
and kept it two years, when be gave it to
RoBB-RT DE H-ASTtSGs, July ISth, tlS®, whotrecEi^ed
his benediction from- Archbishop Baldwin, at Canterbufy^
This Abbot was deposed in II ^ when theie -Wasi a pbvtiok-
of tweaty-nine marks- acHotted tobhn forhis, lifts. ^Ke lived;
not long after his deposition, and dyiitg; in tWC^nvedrf; wag.
biiried in the south eloiat^ at the head of Abbot Willfaur^
where in the wall, on the right side, above the ruins of that
cloistelr,. tbere are thueeraamBIe stones with images- atnd cfo-
-sien eat thereou^'— Oa his dieposiHion-,
Geoffry, by the interest ofhis patron^tlie Earl bf Ches
ter, was instituted Abbot, He died May^th, 1208, and
was' buTied' in the Chapter House, on the left side, next the
door. On bis death
HuGaT GEfYXiiE->. wa» made Abbbt, Be dfed AprH 2flst, .
133fi^ aod was baiied; undrar tie sectwid afch Aoni the door
oBthe-ChiaptwiBoMse aw.lihwleft^file, attBa feet of G'eoffiry,
^Bd'wa&'suteeeeded hy
William Marmjon. He died Aug, ajtb, laaSTj. wfls
buied on tbe left hand of bispede««ssoC; and&uoee«(ted )>y
-E

34 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.
Walter Pynchbeck. ,He died June 22d, 1240, was
buried in the Chapter House, at the head of Hugh Grylle,
and succeeded by
RoGEfi EkIeSd. He died Sept. 23d, 1249, was buried
in the vestibule of the Chapter House, under the second
arch from the door on the right side, and succeeded by
Thomas Capenhurst, being then prior. He died March
28tb, 1205, was buried at the head of his predecessor Ro
ger, and succeeded by
SiMOK DE Albo MonasTe-rio, alias Whitechurch. —
He died April 24th, 1289, ^^s buried in the Chapter
House, on the south side, under a marble stone, in an arch
supported hy six marblei pillars. Some accounts tell us,
the Abbey remained for two years in tbe King's bands, viz.
from 1289 to 1291, when the King appointed
, Thomas BiRCHBLSEY, alias Lytheles, one ofhis Chap
lains, to be Abbot, though in other accounts, he is said not
tohave been made till 12g4. He died in 1324, and was
buried on tbe south side of the choir, .where is yet a grave
stone, that had his effigy on it in brass. He was suc
ceeded by
William db BebingtoN, or Buhington, Prior of
tbis Abbey. He procured to himself the mitre,»in tbe year
1345, and next year got an exemption from the Bishop of
Lichfield's visitation. He died Nov. aoth, 1 349;, was hu- :
ried in the aisle on the south side of the choir, on the right
side of his- predecessor Birdheliey, wbfere his grave stofae
and efigy were lately remaininl^,'^' ¦ ' '

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 35
' Richard Synesbury subceeded, but was,- about March
1302, deprived by the Pope for mal-administration, who
constituted in his room
TifoMAs Newport, in 1303. He died at Sutton, June
1st, 1385, and was buried in the Chapter House, within
the inner door, where his tonib was lately discovered. He
was succeeded by
William de Mershton, formerly a Monk of this Ab
bey. H-e died Jan. ISth, 1380, and was buried in tbe soiith
aisle, on the right of William de Bebington.
Henry DB SuTTjoN succeeded. He died INJay. I0,tb, (be
tween 141 1 and 1417) and was buried near the choir en
trance, on the north side the first great pillar, on the south,
¦\vhere his grave stone still remains, before a painting on
the second pillar, formerly called the Piety of the 'Firgin
Mary, oi which some outlines were lately reinaining. He
was succeeded hy ^
Thomas Yerdeley. Tbe exact time of his coming, I
have not discovered. It is plain he was Abbot in 1-418
and 1431. He died in 1434, was buried on the north
side of the choir, above St. Werburgh's shrine, and suc
ceeded by
John Salghall. He died in 1452, and was buried be
hind, the high altar, between two pillars, where is still re-
mainiog his grave stone, which had his image, on it in brass.
He was succeeded by
Richard Oldham, wbo was also Bishop of Man. He
died October 13tb, 1485, and was succeeded by
• Simon Ripley, who was a great benefactor to this
cburch, and finished the middle aisle and. tower. He died

36 ECCLE^JASTI^AX. KSIOIW.

at Warwick, August 30fb, 1402, was buried in tiie Colle
giate Church- thece, and succeeded by-
JbHN Beechenshaw, made Abbot by papal provision,
October 4th, 1493. He was, I presume, a native of Wales,.
and born near Conway, for on the great belt ,of that choFcb,
is a Latin inscriptibn with his same. He was Abbot in
1512. About twelve years after, he is «aid to bare been
displaced on account of some faction, and was succeeded by
Thomas Hyphile, or Hyphild, ahout 1524. He acted
as Abbot in 1529, wJien he was set asidej and'
Thomas Marshall substituted in his place for a short
time, but about the end of the same year, forced to givse
way to tbe rightful Abbot,
John Bekchbnshaw, who vras reinstated about the end
of 1519, or beginning of 1530, and enjoyed his dignity tiH
1535, which was- doubtless, the time of bisdeatb. His suc
cessor was
Thomas Ci-AER, about 1'537'. He occurs Abbot in 1538i
wd at tbe time of the dissolution in 1540. He was th6-
next year made the fiirst Dean, but he held not this dignity
long, for he died within less than six weeks, as Ijndge
from tlie date of his will, in September, 1541.
At this eventful period, when it was proved to King Henry
Vni. that tbe monastic establishments of the island had
become the haunts of sloth and debauchery, and instead of
promoting learning and true religion, were become the
barriers of IraprovemeBt, both to tbeminds, the morals, tbfr
agriculture, and commerce of his kingdom ; their general
4ii^5olution was carried into effect. TbcMonastery of St..

.EGCLEEIASTXCAI.. KXSllORr. 87
Werburgb, at Chester shared the fate -of others. This was,
however, at the same timie .couvcrted into a Oatbedi'rtl, and
Chester being separated from the see of Lich'field, was
erescted Into an independent Bisboprio. It was, however,
despoiled of its most valuable possessions ; foi- J-obn Bird,
the first Bishop, was obliged to part with all the demesnes
and royalties, and to accept in lieu thereof, impropriations
apd rectories, which are the sole endowments ofthe see to
this day, their being not one acre of temporalities, except
tbe Episcopal Palace of Chester. The endowment of the
Bishopric of Chester, by Henry VHI. in 1541, is as
follows :— -
The King grants to the Bishop of Chester, by him newly
erected, Chester and RichmQud Arqhdeaooniaes, wjth aU
their appurtenancies, rights, &c. the manors of Abbots Cot
ton, county of Chester, Lands in tbe parishes of St. Mary,
St. Martin, St. Michael, St. Wepburgb, and Trmity,.ia
Chester; City Lands in Maacot, Harden, Chrisleton,
Nantwich, Northwich, Middlewich, Over, WolIaStOB, Nes
ton, Heswdl, Bidston, Saadhougli, i. e. Sandbach, Tiiom-
ton, Eccleston, Rosthern, and Davenham ; PareeJ of St.-
Werburgh's late Monasteay ; tbeadvowsoa of Over rectory,
pensiions issuing out of Handley rectory, Budworth ebapel,
and Bidston rectory ; parcel of Birkeabead Abbey j advow-.
sons of Tattenhall and Waverton ; rectories of Clapham,
Esingwold, Thornton, Stuart, Bolton-in-Lonsdale, Bolton-
le-Moor, and prebend of Bolton-le-Moor, in Lichfield Cathe
dral ; tbe manor of Weston, county of Derby ; babend. to
tbe Bdsliop and his snce^sors. Teste, Aug. Sth. — Mr.
Warton remarks, that Chester Bishoprick was first founded
July 16th, 1541, bat for some mistake, a new charter was
granted on Aug. Sth.

38 Ecclesiastical HISTORY.
The. impropriations- and advowsons which Bishop Bird
was obliged to accept, in lieu of the manors and-real estates
mentioned" ill the above endowment, were specified by pat
ient, bearing date January Sth,, 1540^ 3 Sth Henry VIII.
part 5, and was as follows ;. — ¦
TheKing, in consideration of \^eston, and'other rhanors,
grants to the Bishop of Chester, the following rectories, and
advovvsons ofthe vicarages of Cottingham,, county of York,.
Kirby, Ravensworth,. Pabricli Brompton, Wirklingtpn,
Ribchester, Chipping Mottrum, Bradley, county of Staf
ford, Castleton, county of Derby, Wallasey, Weverhara,.
Backford, Boden, yielding and paying as a chief rent 15l..
19s. 9d. TheBishop of Chester wais patron of hissix Prebends
and two Archdeaconries, witb about thirty hvings, all in;
bis own diocese, except the following : Llangaden, V. coun
ty Carmarthen, Llaneblic, V. Carnarvon, Castleton, V.
county bf Derby, Essingwoldj V. county of York, in York
diocese, and Bradley-le~Moor, county of Stafford ; but tbis
last tbe Bishop bas not presented for several years. At the
time that King Henry VlII. founded the Bishopric and
erected the Monastery into a Cathedral ; he endowed the
¦ Dean and Chapter with various lands and benefices which
will be hereafter enumerated, according to the original pa
tent. It is in this place, necessary to make some mention
of the different Bishops of Cliester, from their first insti
tution :
John Bird, S. T. P. &ho had, on accouut of sorae ser
mons he preached againstthe supremacy of the Pope, re
commended himself so much to King Henry's favor, that
he was made Bishop of Bangor, and afterwards by tbae.
Prince translated to Chester, on his founding the Bishop-

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 39
•ric, August Sth, 1541, at which time it was made suffragan
to Canterbury.; but on the, 13th of April following, 1542,
it was subjected to York, and Bishop Bird made'his profes^
sion of obedience to tbat Archbishop. I have already
tioted, that in 1540. he granted avvay all the manors
and demesnes of this Bishopric, accepting impropria
tions in lieu. Notwithstanding this, for which he was no
doubt highly bribed by the courtiers, he was in 1553, on the
accession of Queen Mary, so considerably in debt, that he
owed 10871. IBs. Od. for tenths and subsidies, which was
a great sum iu those days, and it probably would not have
been remitted to him but through the interest of Bishop
Bonner, witb whom he complied ih every respect, as he had
done in all changes of government or religion, and would
doubtless bave been su-flTered to keep his Bishopric had he
not broken his vow of celibacy, which was, as records men-,
tion, the occasion of his deprivation in 1554. After this,
retiring to London, he was, hy Bishop Bonner, made rec
tor of Great Dunmow, Essex; where be died, aged about
81, and was buried iu that church, without any memo
rial. He was succeeded in bis Bishopric by
George Cotes, S. T. P, Master of Baliol College, Ox
ford, and rector ofone ofthe medieties of Cotgreave, county
ef Nottingham, wbo was consecrated to the see, April 1st,
h554, on the voluntary resignation, as it is expressed in the
patent, of John Bird. Fox, in his "Jets and Monuments,"
accuses him on account ofthe condemnation of IMarsb, who
was tried and condemned in the Spiritual Court of Chester,
and burned alive at Boughton. He appears, however, tb
¦have been a most learned divine, and a good man, only pos
sessed with an over warm zeal and bigotry for bis religion.

4'0 .EeCLESIASTICAli,. mCSTORY.
He died at Chestey, abo-atJaiwi'airy,. I55\5, and was obecui'ely
bullied ia the Cathedral, near the Bishop's Throne. He
was succeeded by
Cuthbert SqoSf, S. T. P. a bigated papist. Master of
Christ College, Cambridge, and. Prebend of Yorjs. He was
soon after the accession of Queen Elizabeth to the crQWD>
deprived of his Bisho.pric, and for some time imaprisoned
in the Fleet for his »elig;on,af|er which, retiring beyond
the seas to Louvain,. he tihere ended his daysj and was, bu
ried. On his deprivatioBi
William Downham,, A. M. Archdeacon of Brecknoefc,
and Prebend bf Westminster,, was consecrated Bishop, May
4tb, 1501. He died Dec. 3di 1577* and. was buried io the
Choir of the Cathedral,, with the following inscriptiom-oH
his grave-stone, in brass, long, since perished :r—
Gulielmi Downham qui, tet jiejc tlamit annoi«
Ptaifitrl, in Ijoctttinnlo ffiebife corpug ittegt.
]0iB!tra'gittte tt hia m wa, trtjcjjSBet ee Mftts'
Spultocuttt jjio^ij^nt! gsi Wlattti ^mises.
Slnsisnis pietate pater, solamen amicis,
Pattpeclbusi Mttn non fnit fife manu.
MDLXXVH, ©ecemkis- 31.
This Bishap> left two. learned "sobs!,. one of whom' was *
fenebend of this, Cathedral., Aftei the see bad been vaeaxtHi
two years, it was filled by
WiLLJAM CttADEBjr.oN'v S. f. P.„ AKhdeacoH <af, Yorfc,.
"Warden of Manchester Collegp,, Prebend, of YoEk, W&tt-
minster,, and Southwell, consecrated November gth,, tS^g.
He was,, in ISftS,, translated to tie. s,ee.of.liincolB5,jiHrWhidi

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. '41

¦he. purchased an estate at SGuthoe,'in Huntingtonshire. He
died at Southoe, April Ilth, 1.008, and was the next day,
as I discbver from the parish register, interred in that chan-
,<;el, tlwngb there is no memorial for him or'anyof his fa
mily. On his translation, he vvassucceeded by '
Hugh Bellet, S. T. P. rector of Tydde, county
'¦Cambridge, vicar of Gresford, Denbighshire, and at
length'Bishop of Bangor,- was prefered from that see to
Chester, June 25tb, 1595. He died in less than a year, at
Bei'se, near Wi'cxham, about June 13th, 1590, an*! was
buried at Wrexham, with the following iriscription on his
moHunient affixed to, the south wall in Wrexham chancel: — '
Sub cei'ta spe gloriosee resurrectionis, Jiic.in Dornino ob-
dorm'wit reverendus in Christo pater Hugo Bellet, iSacris
Theologies Doctor; ex antiqua familia Bellotoeum de
Morton in Com. Cestbi.*; oriuiidus : Quem ob singularem
in Deunt pietatem, vita; integritatem, prudentiam et doc-
irinam, Regine Elizabetha primum ad episcopatum BaNt
gorensem in quo x annos sedit, postea ad episcopatum
Cesthensem transtulit ; ex quo post paucos menses, Christus
in ctslestem patriam evocavit An., Dom. 1590, ¦3Eltatis&u<s
54. — C\n:RBE,vi.rv% Belloifrairi Optimo et Chdrissimo mces-
tissimus posuit. : ' : '
In sorae accounts be is said' to have had such strict ideas,
as never 'to'permit'a woman to inhabit or lie in his house.
His successor both at Bangor and'Chester,' was
Richard Vaughan, S. T. P. Archdeacon of Middlesex,
Canon of Wells, and Bishop of Bangor ; translated from
thence 'May l^tb, 1597. While at Chester,' being a man
of '-public spirit, he very mucb promoted' the reparation of
his Cathedral, as he had before at Bangor ; he caused the
bells to be new cast and hung in the great tower, all the
v?;est roof tojbe new leaded, -and the-timbej''Woi'k''repfili'ed,
-F •

EC,?;LESIAi^ICAJt. J9ISX0B.Y.

IjU DecemJ)e,r, 1^04, bP was translated to London, w}iei-e
^e di?d ¥,arc,h 3Q,tJ[j, J^,07, mi was buried in tbat Cathe
dral wJtho,ij]t aijiy raciijorial- Jri Holland's Flerologia is a
picf (ire of Ij^ip, ^nd so,mp acpoqut of bis writings. On his
translation, Ji,^ >va? s,ueciee,ded by
GEoRGp L|;oyD, S. T. P. rector of Tbp)'n|ton and Ban
gor, in thi$ diocese, and Bishop of the Isle of Man. He
died at Thorntop, and was buried in the Cathedral, near
Bishop Downham, with tbe following inscription on a plate
of brass, long sinpe stolen off bis grave-^tone : —
Immattira pi.^rg hoc conplfiff,p sepujcro cpr, Ge-okgit
Lloyd, cujiis memoria reverftur Cpsf^iA j natione fuit
Camb. edudatione Cantab. Theologiee Doctor, Theologorum
ductor ; SoBOKENSi prisfuit, & profui^ episcopat. quin-
genio preefectus pac(Q ,¦ mater Ah^lije repetiii prolem Ss
dignatus est smfi Episcopatus Ces-tr. ubi lind^cini Bi^fi&M*
non sine procellis dolorum elapsis quinquqgesimo quints
(Btatis sucB anno, &: primo die wlen^w AuopsTi, j^^n. Doifi.
1015. laehrymalus lachrymandu^ obiit; nee putet vit^,,
nee piget mdrtis.
He 'S^^S succeeded by
Gerard Ma§sie, S. T P- ^eptor of Wigija, who w,as
nominated by King James to this see, and going to London
to se.ttle niatters for his cpnsecr^tipp, (|jp,d there ^^nii^ry
l6th, 1015, apd vvas buried i^^ the phvirph of gt. Iijary le
Savoy, in Westminster, ,v\fithQiit ^ny mep^ovfal, lieing suc
ceeded by
'TpoMA^ MoKE-roNj S. T. P. Ejeau of Winchester, and
rector of Stockpprt, in th^$ dipcese j consecrated July 7tb,
^010. He wa^ ip }0l^, 1:r3nsil9,te4 tP Lichfield, and after-
w^r^s to Durhaifi, ^e vys^s succeeded at Chester, by
JftHN ?;r;pg,man,; S. T. p. rector of Wigan and Biingor,,
in Jjbisj dibcege,, Preb. of Lichfield and Peterborough,

Ecctlti^iA's'riCAi, histo'r'y. 43,
Elected Bishoii March l-Stb, 1018. tn PrinCt's Worthies
of Devon, is soriie account of his life and birth at Exe
ter, though that author aad other writers are mistaken as to
his destth and burial. He did riot die/ as Wood tells us, till
1052, or as I have been informed, til) 1*057 o'' l65S. When
departing this life at tbe house of bis son at Little Moreton,
near Oswestry, in Shropshire, h^ vvas buried at Kinnersley
Church, with thik irtscriptiori, bii a bluestohe in the chan
cel, without any date upon it :
Hic jacet sepultws J'oh'ants^s BRibGMAN, episcopus Ces-
TRIENSIS, Which being thought tod' obscure, caused his great grand
son to erect a handsome monument agairist the chancel
north wall, with this inscription on it :
M, S. reverefldi ddm'odum liiri Johannis Bridgman,
Episcopi CeSTriensis.;, qui iniquii'at'e t'emporum, quibus
factio et usurpatio valebant', ah episcopali sede depulsus, ad
a:desfitii ^ui a/iud Moreton, se contulit ; ubi latens pietati
precibiisque vaeabdt, & tandem sUahiler dormiebat in Chris
to; cujus reliquiee mortales sub marriiore jitxtd hUnd phri^tem
locatx in resurrectionem suptemtf Die futuram, et ornriihus
Deo per fidem inservientibus^ reconduntur. — In memoriam
prbdvisui'opiiiinemeriti line l\!tonumehtum pasuit Jo^.annes^
Bit'iDGMANi BdronettUs', 21 Die' DeckAs'rm, A D. IJIQ.
His successor was
IIeian- A^alton, S. t; P; I*reb. of St.' Paul's Cathe
dral, rector of St. Martins Oi-gar, London, and Sariden, in
Esse.K. Conseci'ated'De.a. 2d', f0b6. He died '^ov. 29th,
1001, and>was buriedin St. Paul's Cathedral, Londdri, with
tliis insci-iptiort oh bi« m-onwtil«?nfi affiScfed^agairiist tHe'sS'tith''
wall on one side the choir.
Manet hic novissimam resuscitatus Angeli iubam
BRiANUS WALTONUSi oHm CESTKlENSiS CpiSCOpUS,
Epiinphiim aUud ne quceras, viator; cui

44 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY.
Datum- est, vel ipsum nomen epitaphium ;¦
Qy,od si explicatius velis
Famam consule, non Tumulum
Interim
Hic ille est, si.neseiTe fas est, doctor' eximius ;;
Qui sub nupera tyrannide laboranti ecalesiee
Suppetias cum primis tulit .-
Clero a rebelliprafanaque plebe conculcato-
Improper-ium abstulit, . ,
Religioni apud nos reformatio ac professa
Gloriam attulit
Dum frerrie
(Fremente licet Gehenna)
Biblia PoLYGLOTTA summo prce cxteris studio excoluit,
Et excudi procuravit.
Inde
Sibi utrumque testamentum promeruit monumentum,
Et maximis impensis posuit,
Quare
Longo titulorum syrmate superbire non indiget.
Qui nomen jam scriptum habet in libro vita;.
Mtatis LXII.
Decessit, vigiliis sancti Andrece, consecrationis
Primo, Salutis 1001.
He was succeeded. by
Henry- Ferne, S. T. P. Masterof Trinity College, Cam-
Bridge, Dean of' Ely, Archdeacon of Leicester, and rector
of Medbourne,.in that county. Consecrated on Feb. 7tb;
he died March l6th, 1002, and was buried in St. Ed-
moud's Chapel, in Westminster Abbey, with- this inscription
on his grave-stone : — >
Hic jacet Henricus Ferne, S. T. P. Joliannis Ferne
militis, civitat, Eborac. a secretis, filius natus octavus ; collegii
S; S. Trinitatis, Cantabr. prisfectus, simul Cestriensis
episcopus; sedit 5 tantum septimanis. Obiit Martii 10,,
A, D. 1002. ^tatis sg.
His successor was
George Hall, S. T. P. Archdeacon of Cornw-all and
Canterbury, Canon of Exeter and Windsor, vicar of Min-

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 45
benet; in Cornwall, and of St. Buttolph's, Aldersgate, Lon
don ; consecrated Bishop May Uth, 1002. He died Aug.
23d, 1008, in consequence of a wound from a knife in his
pocket, on falling down a mount in bis garden, at Wigan,
in Lancashire, of which place he was rector ; he was there
buried, and over his body, within the communion rails, is a
black marble grave-stone, bearing this inscription : —
P. M. S. Cujus repostus pulvere in sacro cinis expectat
hic ultimm sonum tubce; mendace qui nefalleret titulo lapis,
sonum suum hoc sepulcro jussit incidi suo.
Georgius Hall, S. T. P. ecclesice Dei servus inutilis sed
cordatus, D, Josephi Hall, preesUlis pientissimi primo Ex-
oniensis, dein Norwicensis, scriptis semper victuri, filius
(imo umbra potiusj sex inter sepiemque annos sedit non me
ruit CESTRi.ffi; episcopus, denatus eetatis sua anno LV. Christi
vero 1008. Mirare lector preesulismodesliamaliude quceras
ccetera. In tbe Chester Cathedral there is also the above inscription,
verbatim, to his memory, though plainly only a Cenotaph,
for his body lies in Wigan Chancel ; where also his
wife vvas buried, who died the year after him. His suc
cessor was
John Wilkins, S. T. P.' Warden of Wadham College,
Oxford, in Oliver Cromwell's time, whose sister he married,
and after the restoration Dean of Rippon and Prebendary of
York. Consecrated Nov. 15th, 1008. He died November
igth, and was buried Dec. 2d, 1072, in the Church of St.
Lawrence, Jewry, London, of which he had been Minister,^^
without any memorial, leaving behind him the character of
having been an universal scholar. He was succeeded hy
John Pearson, S. T, P. Master of Trin. Coll.
Camb. Prebendary of Sarum and.Ely, Archdeacon of Sar-
rv, which last he held in commendam with the rectory

46 ECCLESIASTICAL, HISTORY.
of Wigan, Lancashire. Consecrated Feiv. gtb, 1072. —
This excellent Bishop, whose Hle'morjf will' live by his learned
Exposition on the Creed, died July 10tby 1080, and vVas
buried without the least inscription or grave-stone, within
tlie' communion rail* of his own Catbedr-dl, He bequeathed
twenty pounds to tbe pooB of St. Oswald's parish. Hb
vvas succeeded' by
Thomas Caktv/rigbt, S.T. P. Vicar of Walthamstow,
and Earkii-jg, Essex, Pi'eb. of London, Welte, and Dur
ham ; consecrated to tbis see, witb Ifeave to hold Wigan
reetfary, Oct. ]7th, J 080. This Bishop; wbo had nm the
length of King James IT. and Was by bim norainated to the
see of Sarum, diedAj)ril 15th,, 1089,. in ^^^ ^^^1 of Dublin,
having been-- gkd at the revoltltion tb quie tlie realm where
he had rend'ered himself obnoxious He was buried' in
the Collegiate Church of Christ, Dublin, without any me
morial. His successor was
Nicholas Stratford, S. T. P. consecrated Sept. 15th,-
1080. He vvas rector of Llansanfraid sinecure, county of
Montgomery, and otherwise beneficed, as vvill appear from
his monumental inscription, to which tbe reader is referred
for tbe cbaracter of' this worllfy prelate, whose constant re-
sidencein his diocese, andzeafiii repairing his Catbedralj ren
dered his memory dear to posterity. He was buried on tbe
north side the high altar, with th'e follovving inscription to
his memoi'y, on a copartriienfof vvh'ite raarble : — ¦
Nicholas Str.vtford, S. T. P.
Natus-apud'Htmpstead'in Coin, Hartf. An. 1033..
Fa'Cthts- est
Colt. S. S*. Trinitatis, Oxon. socius, I5S0.
Collegii Christi, apud Mangunium in Com. Lane. Guardi-
anus 1007'. '
Sf*. -MorgoreMiB Lbicesthi^, i» ecel. Li'ncoln':

ECCLIiaiASTlCAL HISTORY. 47
Pmbendarms 1070.
EscisirB AsAPHENsia Decanus, 1073,
In eccksiq de Alderma^ibuky, Lowd,. Concionator. 1083.
Eccl. de Wkjan rector, ^ Cestri-E episcopus, iGSQ,
Mortuus est 12, Die Februari 1700-7.
Ex vita per 1 8 annos hic sanctissime instituta
Memoriam sui reliquit omni mamore perenniorem
Reformatam fidem
Eruditis contra pontificios scr'iptis strenue asseruit.
Eccl^six defensor prius quam pater.
Illoriim quos adeptus est, honorum nullus ambiit,
Nonnullos sponte deposuit.
D'lvitiarum adeo erat non cupidus,
Ut post 40 annos inter dignitates emlesiasticas, exactos.
Rem sibi reUctam non solum non auxerit,
Sed intuendis ecclesice ipsi creditce juribus,
Eam libentissimr- iminuerit.
Morum simplicitate, cliaritate in omnes, pietate
In Deum, erat plane primeeva.
Episcopate munus edfide administravit,
Ut qui ordinem non agnoscerent,
Virum fraterentur esse revera apostolieum ;
Laboribus magis quam annis fracius occubuit,
A Christo cui soli serviebat,
Prornvssum dispmsalorifido prtemium laturus.
CiuLipLMUs Ste\tford, S.T V filius unicus, Archidiaconus
RlCHMONDI-ffi:.
jEdis Christi apud Oxon. canonicus, optima parenti
P.
His successor was
Sir William Dawes, Baronet, S. T. P. first Fellow of
St. John's College, Ojtford, and afterwards Master of Ka
therine Hall, Cambridge, Preb. of Worcester, Dean of
Bockirig) county of Essex ; consecrated to this see, Feb. 8tb,
1707. He was translated to York, Feb, 26tb, 17ia»and
succeeded hy
Francis Gastrel, S. T. P. preacher of Lincoln's Inn>
.and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, born at Stapton, iu

48 ECCLliSIAStlCAL HISTORY.
Norlbaniptonsbire ; and consecrated Bishop of Chester,
April igtli, 1714. lie was the industrious collector of
mucb interesting information under the title .of Notitia Ces
triensis. Pie was succeeded hy
Samuel Peploe, S. T. P. Warden of Manchester. In
stalled April 19th, 1710. He erected two galleries in the
Choir of tbe Cathedral; one on the south side in 1745,
and a corresponding one, on the north in 17^9. He died
Bishop of Chester in 1752, and was buried in the Choir of
the Cathedral, on tbe south side the altar, with the follow
ing inscription on white marble, opposite the monument of
Bishop Stratford, on tbe .north side : —
Juxta dormit
Beatam expectans resurrectionem,
Reverendus admodum iu Christo Patci-,
Samuel Peploe, S. T. P.
Olim Ecclesiae Kedlastoniae prope Derbiam rector,
Tum, vicariiis Pi-estoniensis in Agro Lancastria;,
Mox, Optimo favente Principe,
Collegii Mancuniensis Guardianus ;
Eeliquos deinde rjuos plurimos pro duxit, annos,
Episcopus Cestriensis.
Ampliora adeo non cupide expctivit, ut
Ultro oblatis careie mallet.
Qualis erat, siipremus Dies indicabit.
Obiit 21™° die Fehruarii,
Anno Salutis humana:
MDCCLII.
/Etatis suBe LXXXIV. '
He was succeeded by
Edmund Keene, S. T. P. Master of Peter House, Cam
bridge; installed by proxy, April 2d, 1752. He held thc
rectory of Stanhope, county of Durham, in commendam, 
The Episcopal Palace, of Chester was wholly rebuilt bv him
out of his jirivate property, at the, expense of 22001,' soon

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. '49

after his prbrabtion to the see. He was translatedto Ely
in 1771,. w'hei-e 'he died in i781. He was succeeded at
Chester, by
William MAiiK:HkM,L. L. D. vvho about 175O, was'fitst
Master of Westminster School; in 1759, Preb. of Dul--
hain ; in 1705, Dean of Rochester, when he resigned the
Mastership of 'Westminster ; in •1707,'vatated' tbe Deanery
of Rochester, 'and elected to thatof Christ Cburch, Oxford.
On February 23-d, 1771. be was installed Bisihup of Chester,
and in the sanje yeas-, appointed tutor- to the Prince of
Wales. Ill J-777» he -vvaS'translatedto'tbe Archbisbopi-ie
of York, and succeeded at Chester by
Beilby Porteus, S. T. -P.of Christ' Church College,
Cambridge.;. In 1705, made rector of Hunton; -in ]707j
rector of Lambeth ; on^ February 14th^ 'J'/T , installed Bi
shop of Chester, 'and in ] 787, translated to the st* of IjOm-
don. He was suceeed^d by
William Cleaver, S. T.' P. Fellow of Brazennose Coll.
Oxford, rector of Cottingharii, county of Northampton;
mstalled I2th Feb. 17S8 ; be was in 1799, translatefd
to Bangor, and afterwards to St. Asaph, where he died
in 1 815.— 'He was succeeded at Chester,'by '"
Henry William Majendie, S. T. P. Canon' resideri-
tiai-y of St. Paul's, installed ori June 27tb, isbo. He was
ill 1810, translated'to the -see' of Bangori' which he still
holds, and was sncceeded atChester, by "
•Edmund Bowyer Sparke, S. T. P. Dean of Bristol,
which be resigned, and -rector of 'Leverington, in tbe isle
of Ely, which he held in cotiimendam ; installed Feh. 7th,'
ISIO. Tbis worthy and mUch esteemed prelate remained'
a 'very short tirae at Chestel-, being in 1812 translatedto
¦^ly. He was suec'eeded by

5.0 LCCfcrf^lAS'fl^AL HISTORY.

G,^oi5.p,^ He!S(E(:^ Law, S. T. p. Pvehwtavy of Carlisle;
installed July 2,8.^h, 1812. ^Jj'bj^ learned Divine uniyenally
revered, still holds the see of Chester, and has constantly
resided at his; Episcopal Palace, i^i the city, except vvhen
called to attend hijs duty in^tlij^. House pf Lords.
When Kiug Henry VIU. dtepjivedi tha Mso^stany pf St.
Werburgb, awj^wectpd it ,in(o, a Cathedral, be foimded' a
Deanery, two Arcbdeaco,nrie3, six Prebends, &c. and grant
ed valuable -property and patronage to the Dean and Chap
ter. By patent, of -33d HeniTy VHI. 1541, from which
the following is lesstrBoted; the. King- grants to the Dean
and Chapter, the m^orsJ of Bunting-ton, and Sutton, the
last in Wirral y. Upljpp, Brpmbprou^h;, Iieby, Ince,
Saighton, Barn^haw, ^?er^ei\-(^r^,Pf);fi^^en^iis;_ Lands in
B?.c^,foi'd., Hnntingtpp, Chevieley-i Sutton, Biiomborough,
Upton, Bi^g^tpBy Newton, Wyvviffl, CTOUghtpn, Staja}f<j«d.
Christleton, Choriton, Lee, Moiitqu, Salghall, Shptwickj
"gb^ p/ fishery i,^i the IJee^ a^ custpmary appertaining to
severjil pf ih^se plaees-; reqtordes qf Sl^p^tv?i.,qk, Bi|-onni;ho-i
W«gb, llptofl,, ^fest Kirbya,PresJ^a.ry, gi;^t and lit|tlfi Nes-
top, Willastcyi, ai?f. Inqe.; pat',?,4 of Chester late J^p^ia^i-
tery ; tythes in S,t, Oswald'? parish,, iaCfae&t.er city; reqtpry
a.ij^l ^(JvO!?;spn, of (j;ai9,pd^i^„ cq, of ^piipe?^r; pep^^n
C? forty pwnds i^ui\^g o^^ oi I^ii^rd ipanop, eo. of
^jpc^^t^r 5 p.en?ioi>s, ,puli of Christleton,, and tb,e ohurobes,
of St. Mary, and St. Peter,, in Chester, fiebi^igton, E^^StlJ^|l^,,
W^st Kirkby, Thurstasjton, Dpdclle|;tpn,,CQddiDgtoix, Hand-
^^f,, Astl?Hry, and I»Ipi:*^don,j ^dyp^]lfspns of Christletp^fl,,
and St. M^iiy's and St Peter s, in,.CI;i(^,1;^yj,.B«!bi<igtpn, "^-luijrsr,,
tastoq, WestKArl^by, 59diM?S*Pn,; JP«(d.clifflgtoi9,. flandk^
Astbucy, aftd Npiftb^nd^^i} ; adw^j^r^oii? 0(f th^ vic£(j'Hges
'oi Neston, Prestbury, St. Osw^dfein ChesteJV aast Eatt-.

BeSbfiSiis'ricjitt, HtSTdil*. 31
h9m, with all lands belonging to tbose places which were
eVer liar'tisl bf Chester lafe Abbey: hahend. fo tbem ari'd
tbeir suctessors in, puram et perpetudrri ^lyniOsyha'm, 'Au'*. 6.
The value of the above, on founding, was as lollpws : —
Li S, 1>«
Iriipi'oprlafions of Huntington arid Cheveley
manors --------- --49 9 4
iSutton marior  -.Ill2'i
Upton  21 II 4
In B6ugbtori, Nevvtbn, Wyrvin, Crougbtori,
Backford, Choriton, Stamford, Christleton, 104 18 2
" In Moston, Salghall, Civ. Cest. cum Vico. ,
Maibanc - ---------- 07 IS U
Bromborough manor ---.^----34 157
Bebington-cnm-Eastham ------- 21 1S0
ireby manor ---------- 27 177
Ince-cum-Memhris -.-..--. 223 2 1
563 3 S
spiritualia.
St. Oswald's, Cbestet-, ftestbury, Ince, Camp-
d'^n, Shotwick, Upton, Neston, cum perisio-
nibus e(?clesiarura --------- 336 10 2
921 13 10
Out of, the above revenue, the Chapter had to pay ac-
cortlin^ to tbe foundation, per annum : —
'¦¦.,.',? , ¦ i ' L'. Si B.
TotheDean - r -  lOO 0 0
Six; Pjebs. twenty ponrids- f^aeb . - - - 120 O 0
Si* MiBs*- CaBOnSi tefa fjounds eaCh - - - 60 0 0
The Gospel arid Epistle reade* at tbe alta*, 01.
13s, 4A.eai\i ....------ 13 .r 8
Four &td«lent9' at Osf^W^gl. 13s, 4dl each -i 20 13 4

52, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.

' ,i. .S, , B.,
Master of the Choristers ------ 10 0 O
Eight Choristers 31, 0s. 8d. each - - - 2fi 13 4
Master of tbe Grararaar School; - - - - - 10 13 4i
Under Master  80 0
Twenty-fbur Scholars, 3l. 6s. 8d. each - - 80 0 0,
Six Alrasmen, 01 13s, 4d.each  40 0 0
In alms -.  - - - 20 0 0,
To be ex;pended in repairs ---- -20 00
Eor first fruits (and. afterwards, a tenth ann.) 100 10 5
048 3 1
The Dean and Chaptei-, at tbis tirae, present to no livings
but those in Cheshire. The following have been the Deans
of this Cathedral, from its foundation to the present time : —
Thomas' Clerk, B. D. the last Abbot, was made flrst Dean,
on the conversion of the Monastery into a Cathedral, by tbe
charte* of Henry VIII. dated August, 15'41. He died or
resigpedin, less than half a year. His successor was
Henry Mann, S, T. P. who T find possessed of the dea
nery March 28th, 1542. He was in 1540, made Bishop of
the Isle, of Man, with liberty to hold this dignity, in com
mendam ;, be soon, hovv,ever, resigned it, and was succeeds
edby W'illiam Clitf, L. L, D'. presented to, it May 30tli,.
1547, In the tirae of this Dean many important accurren-
ces took place relative to tbe chapter revenues. On Nov,
20th; 1550, -this Dean surrendered up the iHonor of Iden-
shaw; and on May 14th, 1553, bad a license granted hin>
to alienate the manors of Huntington and Ghevely, to Sir
Robert Cotton, comptroller of the -household ro King Ed
ward- VL It is s-aid, Sir Robert had procured the impri-

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. 53
- — — .^  > 
sonment of the Dean and two Prebendaries, and wrought
upon them by intimidation to convey tbeir estates to him.
The two succeeding Deans endeavoured to set aside this
transaction as being compulsatory.— At length the chap
ter having discovered that the original grant by King Henry
Vlll. was null in consequence of the accidental omission of
the , word ", Cestrice," in the description of the grantees,
made this known in a petition to the Queeu, and prayed
that, as in consequence of this flaw, the right was vested in
the crown, shewlnuld re-grant tbe estates illegally obtained
hy Sir R. Cotton, to them, in persuance of her royal fa
ther's intention. Sir Robert, doubting tbe legality of his
proceedings, had some years before,, sold the estates to se
veral Cheshire gentlemen for smalt prices. In consequence
of the petition, the matter was twice argued in the Court
of Exchequer ; when the fee- farmers in possession of the
estates, finding they were likely to lose their cause, engaged
the Earl of Leicester in tbeir interest, by giving him six
years rent of the land : the Earl in consequence procured
the law proceedings to be stopped, and a commission to be
issued for hearing the matter before himself and other Lords
of the Privy Council. The event was, tbat in 22 An, of
Elizabeth, 1580, the Queen recalled the old charter of this
Chapter, and granted the estates to the fee farmers, subject
to certain rents, with which, and impropriations no ways
improvable, as tbeir old demesnes, she re-endowed the chap
ter, still reserving the old rate for first fruits and annual
tenths.— Dean Cliff died in London, about Deo, 7th, 155a,
aij^d was succeeded by
Richard Walker, A. M, who is tnoneously called
Roger by sorae writers. This Richard had passed tbrou^'h
several preferments, viz. a Rectory in Wirral) St. Jo1id*s

54 ECCLBMASTICAL HISTORY.
College D^i-tiery in Cbesterj the Arcbdeaconiies of Staf
ford and Derby, Rectories of Gotham amd Leek, comrity of
Nottingbam. He died at or near Lichfield, as I learn fi-om
his> willy dated Sept. 4th, and proved Nov. lltby 1507, in
wbicli Itt directed his body to be btiried in LiGbfieM Gath*,'
dral; where be badbeen Canon. On bis death
John Peers, S.' T. P. was presented tb this dignity, Oct.
4ll!, 1567. He Was afterwards made Dean bf Christ
Church, Oxford; aitd at length Archbishop of York, but
kept this Deaneiy vi'^ith that of Christ Churcli, till bis get
ting Salisliury, at the end of 1571, vvlieri h6 resigned, and
vvas succeeded' by
Richard Langwokth, S. T. P. Preb. of Durbam.
He probably died at tbe Red Lion Inu, Holborn, about
April I gth, for by liis will proved July Sth, 1579, ^'^ leaves
a legacy to bis host of the Red Lion Inn. His successor was
Robert Dorset, S. T. P, Catiom of Christ Obufch, Ox
ford, presented August I7tb, 15i~g, He died May 29.tb,
l-58f>, and was bwied- at Ewelm, douitsty©;? Oxford, wbeiie-
bftiwas rector, without any memomlj aiid succeeded- l)y
Thqm*s Mo'Deisley, B, D. jwesfentetdAug'-iisB I2tl]i, 1560.
He died about • the, btgijiiniBg-, cf Juney li589i.and vtiasi s-t(c'-
ceeded by , '
JoriN Nutter; B. D. presettted July 4th, iSSg-. He
iVted' March SOtt; r0O2, and was buried at Seftoii, Wh*)*
hfe' was recfpr,'as f leat^ froiti tlVe parisfe I'fgfster, without
any memorial. He was'SCfcceeftdetl' By
William Barlow, S, T. P. installed June l2tb, I0Oi\
He was made Bishop of Rochtest«r, m 1005' j and succeed
ed in his Deanery by
Hbsrt PA'RiSy/S. T, P. i>fil<al&'d'AvUg«i8f' 1st,. 1-®©=*.- M«

ECCLESIASTICAL BISTOItY. 55
was made Bishop of Gloucester, in 1607, and succeeded by
Tkoms MallorY, B. D. ArcbdeacoW of Richmond,
Rector of Romaldkirk, Mobberley, arid Davenham ; instat
ed Jiil^^ ^Sth, 1007. He di«d April 3d, 1044, and vvas bu
ried in 'the Cathedral, without any memorisil, and succeed
ed by , - '
William Nichols, S. T. P. installed April 12th 1044.
He died Dec. l6th, 1 ©57, and was buried 'at Northenden,
where he was rector, vvith the following memorial, painted
on a board : — '
Hic subtus humatur corpus venerabilis viri Guhe,lmi
NiCHOLis, sacriE theologia; Doctoris, Ces'tri.e,, Decani et
rectoris de Cheadle ; ^ui Catherinam j5/iam Geor6ii
Leycestre, Equitis Aurati, viduam et rtlictam Gulielmi
Tatton de Withinshaw, Armigiri nu-psit ; vixil annos 66.
In Deum religiesus, in omnibus Justus, quibus potuit prof uit,^
nemini necuit, tandem viam universce carnis ihgrCssus est, 10
Decembris Stylo An glim, A. D. 1057.
His successor, after a vacancy of above two years, was
H^NR-y Bridgman, S, T. P. presented July 13th, 1000,
He was made rector of Barrow, in 1039, rector pf Monks
Bangor, in 1040, and Archdeacon of Richmond, in 1048.
He was Oct. 1st, 1071, consecrated, Bishop of Man, with.
leave to hold this Deanery in commendam. He died in
Chester, May 15 th, 108.2, and was buried in the Cathedral,
without any memorial. He was suicceedsd by
James Arderne, S. T, P. Minister of St. Botolph's, Al
dersgate, London. InstaUed July, 1082.. He died August
18th, 1091, and was buried' in the choir of the Cathedral,
with the following memorial on one of the pillars, on the
south side the altar :~" Near this jilace, lies the body pf
£)pctor James Arderne, of tbis county, awhile Dean of this

56 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOIIY.
church, who though be bore more than a common affection
to his private relations, yet .gave the subst-ance of bis be-
queathable estate to tbis Cathedral, which gift his will was,
should be mentioned, tbat clergymen may consider -(phethef
it be. not a sort of sacrilege to sweep all away from the
Cburch and Charity, into tbe possession bf tbeir lay kin»-
dred, who are not needy. Dat. October 27tb, 1088. — Tbis
plain monument, with the aboveinsofiption, upon this cheap
stone, is according to tbe express Words of Dean Arderne's
will.''— Upon a partition of the estates of tbe Donefamily,
which had descended to the Ardernes, under a decree of
Chancery in 1725, one sixth part of the manors of Tar-
poi'ley, Utlsinton, ,&d. and the right of B'?try sixth presen
tation to the valuable rectory, were apportioned to tbe Dean
and Chapter, in right of the bequest of Dean Arderne. —
To tbe above rectory the Dean and Chapter first presented
in 1808. His successor ^vas
Lawrence Fogg, S. T. P. Vicar of Plemonstall; au
thor of several theological works. Installed November 2d,
I69I. He died Feb. 27th, 1718, and was buried in tbe
Chapfcl of tbe Cathedral, under one of the south pillars,
on which is a white maiTjle monument, with the following
inscription, incorrectly executed, partly effaced, and nov*'
scarcely legible : —
* -» -x- ¦» * * * %
Sepulti Jacent Laurentius Fogg, S. T. P.
Fidei Christianae prsedicator sedulus
Scriptibusque suis •*-**« >>
ParocbiiB Sancti Oswald!
. Annos viginti septem
Vicarius
Hujus Ecclesiae Cathedralis Prebendariift
Annos undeviginti exbi-tit
Fideui

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. SI
¦ Ad Dei gloriam et Ecclesiae insigne
Decus et ornamenlum
"Annos viginti sex Decanus praesidit
' Obiit die ESbruarii vicessimo septimo
Anno Di"' MDCCXVHI.
.ffitat. «uae LXXXVIII.
Et uxor ejus Maria quae
Obiit die 'Jari»- tricessimo **'**»«
.Et-it. suas LXVIII.
Artherus Fogg, S. T. P.
In memoriam optimorum parentum.
'He was succeeded' by
Walter Offley:, A. M. Installed March 27th, lyiS.
JHe was Rector of Barthomley, in this diocese, of Mucclea-
ton, county of Stafford, and Preb. of Lichfield. He died
August 18th, 1721.; was buried at Muccleston, and suc
ceeded by
Thomas Allen, L. -L. D. Arctdeacon of Stafford. In
stalled Dec. 0th, 1721. He died in the year 1733, and
was succeeded by
Thomas Brooke, L. L. D. Installed July 18tb, 1733.
He was so remarkably athletic a man, as to be able to raise
the great hell of the' Cathedral without assistance, in which
he was very fond of exercising himself He died in 17S8,
and was buried at Nantwich, where he was rector. He
was succeeded by
William Smitei, D. -^D. InstaUed July 28th, 1758.—
This learned Divine was in 1735, presented by -James, Earl
of Deiby, to the rectory of Triuity, in Chester, He soon
-afterwards published his celebrated translation of Longinus.
In 1748, he was appointed by the Bishop of London, Mas
ter of the Grammar School of Brentwood, Essex; tb»
H

68 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOBY.
he held only one year. In 1753, he was nominated one of
tbe, Ministers of St; George's Church, in Liverpool, by the
Corporation there. In the same year be published "The.
History of the Peloponnesian War,'-; translated from the
Greek of Thucydides. In 1,-758, made Dean of Chester, on
which occasion he took the decree of D. D. In 1700, he
vvas instituted to the rectory of Handley, Cheshire, by tbe
Chapter of the -Cathedral In iT'Sf, he resigned tbe Chap-
lainsbip of jSt. George's Church. On vvhich occasion, the
Corporation bf Liverpool presented hira with one hundred
-and fifty guineas, "for his eminent and good services in the
said Church." In X'J'jQ, he published bis translation of
^' Xenophon's History of the affairs of Greece." In 1)780,
he was instituted to the valuable rectory of West Kirkby,
in the .patronage of tbe Dean aud Chapter, on which occa
sion he-resigned tbe Rectory of Trinity. In 1782, he pub
lished " Nine Discourses on the Beatitudes." He died on
Friday January 12tb, 1787j and was buried on the south
side of the Communion Table, in the CatbedraL His name
appears over his grave, but on the centre pillar in the anti-
.<;boir, b's widow placed an el^ant monument^ with the fol
lowing inscription : — ^
SACRED TO TBE MEHORY OF
WILLIAM SMITH, D. D.
SEAN OF THIS CATHEDRAL, AND
IlEC-rOR OF WEST KIRKBY AND HANDLEY IN THIS COVNTY,
WHO DIED THE Xllth. OF JANVARY M,DCC,i;XXXVH.
IN THB UCXVlth YEAR OF Hfs AOE,
AS A SCHOLAR HIS REPYTATION .LS PERPETVATED
BY HIS VALVABLE PVBMCATIONS,
PABTICVLARLY HIS COBBECT AND ELEGANT
TRANSLATIONS OF LONfilNVS, THVCYDIDES AND XENOPUOji.
AS A PREACHER, HE "WAS ADMIRED AND
-ESTEEMED BY BIB BK8PECTIVS AVDITORS,

CATHEDRAL. 59
 , — — - ¦  . — -^^  , — .J-
AND AS A MAN, BIS SI'EItlioBY ItKMAINS piacRIB^D'
ON THE HEARTS OF HJ^ FRIENDS.
THIS MONUMENT WAS EBECTED
BV HIS AFFECTIONATE WIDOW.
In tbe year 1788, a short account of his life,, to which'
was added his poetical vvoiks, was published by his friend,
the learned and Rev. Thomas Crane, of this city. Hr
was succeeded in his Deanery by
George Cotton, L. L. D. Installed February 10th,
1787, He was Rector of Doddlestori, Cheshire, and Stoke^
npon-Tern, Salop. He died at! Bath, in lSO0, and -ffiis
buried at Stoke. ' He vvas succeeded in bis Deaneiy by
Hugh Cholmondeley, B, D. Installed March 28tb,
1800. He is Rector both of Tarporley and Barrow ; be
still enjoys his high dignity and emolument, beloved by the
poor for his unostentatious charities and easy access ; re
spected by all for bis mild deportment, and great exertion in
every thing which conduces to the good of the city
THE CATHEDRAL is a large building, composed en-
tireiy of tjie common red sand-stone of the city ; the exte
rior of it is in a very decayed state ; it is forthe most part
regular and uniform, though tiuilt at several different times
many centuries asUnder. The most ancient parts of the
whole, structure seem tp be tbe north transept, the north
wall of the anti- choir, that part of the east cloister adjoin
ing the Chapter House, ' tpgether with the outer walls of
the, latter, these probably were erected before the foundation
of the Abbey, as appears from windows and Saxon arches
haying beeri closed up on building the cloisters and dormi
tory, which is now fast crumbling to dust. The greater
part of the church seems to have been erected or renewed in

60. CATHEDRAL-*CHAPTER-BOOM.
the reigns of Edward VI. and Henry VII. by Abbots Old-
bam, Ripley, and Berchensbaw. It was evidently intended
to have vaulted the whole roof in the same manner as the
chapel of St. Mary, and side aisles of tbe choir ; this is in-
fered from the foundations of arches springing from tbe
walls, andpillars being unfinished. The beams and wood
work therefore of the anti-cboir and middle aisle of the
eboir are exposed to view, as in' a common parish church>
although the choir roof having been.new planked from mo
ney raised hy a brief in 1708, appears more finished. Tha
tower of the church, whicb stands on four pillars in its cen
tre, was according to tradition designed to have, been orna-,
mented by a lofty spire. The height of the tower is only
127 feet, and is furnished with five large bells, the first and
second remain of those recast by order of Bishop Lloyd, in
1004, and have tbat date upon tbem in Latin, witb the old
English characters ;. the third hell is dated. 1000 ; the fourth
is dated. L034, but cracked.; the fifth or, great bell, has a
remarkably fine tone, and is dated 1738, on the west side is
a halfpenny united tothe substance of the hell,. but the in
scription is illegible in its present situation. — The length of
the whole fabric is 348 feet from east to west. The beight
of the roof 73 feet, and supported by elegant gothic pillars.
The south transept is occupied by the parish church of St.
Oswald!, formerly dedicated to St.. Peter and Paul, as will
be mentioned' hereafter. Tbe north transept is occupied, by
that beautiful gothic edifice,, tbe Chapter-House, the en
trance- to this is now through the east cloister. The vesti
bule is arched, supported by four columns, each surrounded
by eight slender pilasters without capitals, wbich converge
near the top of the column, and spread over tbe roof: this
vestibule is 33 feet 4 inches, by 27 feet 4 inches, and 12 feet
9 inches high. The chapter-room itself is 50 feet long by

CATBEDRAL — ST. WEBBCRGH'g SHRINE. 61'
20 broad, and 35 feet high ; at the east end is a window,
consisting of five lancet-'sbaped divisions, and on each side
is another of three; at tbe height of eight feet and a half
from the floor, a narrow gallery runs three parts round the
room, divided from the windows by a triplet of most elegant
lofty slender pilasters. Book-cases deform tbe lower parts
jof the room, as high as the bottom of the windows. Tbe
entrance both from tbe cloister and between the vestibule
and chapter room is gothic, but apparently of a later spe
cies of architecture. Tbe internal part of the chapter-house
was probably built in the time of the first Earl Randal, who
died in 1 128, after enjoying his Earldom eight years. The
great Earl Hugh, uncle to Randal, was primarily intefed in
the church-yard, but afterwards removed by Randal into
this building, as tbe most honorable place. Here bis remains
continued unmolested for above six hundred years, when in
1724, digging within the chapter-house, they were found in
a stone eoflSn. The skull and all the bones appeared very
fresh, in tbeir proper position, and the strings wbich tied
the ancles together were entire. Tbe body was inclosed in
a shroud, which bore some resemblance to muslin, but what
it was, or of what materials composed, no one has discovered
to tbis day. A small piece of this cririous shroud is now
in the possession of Mrs. Massey, of St. John's church-yard.
In the, chapter-room is also to be seen, a roughly sculptured
stone, witb a wolfs head and cypher, said to havebeen
ftiund at tbe same time as the body of Hugh Lupus. .
One of tbe chief curiosities of the Cathedral is, what is
called the shrine, but was probably only the pedestal to con
tain the shrine, of St. Werburgb, whose body was, as before
stated, removed to Chester, as a place of security from the
insults of the Danes, in 875. Henry Bradshaw, in his life

CATHEDRAL— ST. WBBBDBOH'S SHRINE.

of St. Werburgb,- gives an account of her shrine being re
ceived at Chester with gpeat soleiunity, and de|)osited in the'
old church of St. Peter and St Paid. He relates many le
gendary tales of the miraculous preservation of the eity, by-
tbe interposition of St. Werburgb, particularly inone in
stance, wherehe tells us, the army of Griffin, King of Wales,.
then besieging tl)€ city, was stricken wilh blindness; in con
sequence of her shrine being placed On tbe walls. This pe-i
destal fortaerly stood in the sanctum sanctorum at the east
end of thecBoiE, amd itwas probably there at the time of the
Reforinatiori, when the sacred body itiself was disturbed, and
the shrine destroyed. Soon after tbe Reforraation, tliepe-
destal was reraoved to its present situation, and converted
into a Throne for the Bishop It is a stone structure, and-
exhibits a rich speciraen of Gothic architecture, eight feet
nine inches in beight, seven feet six inches in length fi:om<
east to west, and four feet eightinches in breadth from north
to south; ornamented with six Gothic arches, three feet-
four inches high, tvpo towards the north, two towards the
sorith, one at tbe east,, and the ather at the west, above
each of these is an arch represenfrng a window, in the same
styleof architecture. This fabric is' decorated with a vari
ety of carving, and embellished with a number of images,
about fourteen inches Iwgb, in different habits, beautified
with! gilding: each of these held in one band a scroll or la
bel, , upon, which was inscribed in Latin, but in the old En^
glish characters, the nairaes of the Kings; and gaiiats of tbe
royal line pf Mercia. These statues are placed in the fol
lowing order, if we begin witb tbe figuj-e 3t the south west
angle, fronting the west and thence proceed over that end
along the porth front, and thence roqnd the east end, to-
wai;ds the stairs up to the Throne. The figures, were much

REMAINS OP THE ABBEY.

63

mutilated, either at the
wars, but were restoi-ed,
year 1748
I Rex Crieda
2 Rex Penda
:3 Re.x Wolpherus
4 Rex Ceolredus
5 - - - - - . -
0 "Rex Offa
7 Ilex Egfeitus
;8'- - ----- -
9 S'"»- Kenelmus
JO S"' Milburga
II Rex Beorna
12 Rex Colwljihus
IS 
14 Ste  Ida
J.5 ------ us

Reformation, or during the civil
in a bungling manner, about tbe

10 Rex ----- du

17 S'> 
18  - -
19 - - 
20 Baldredus
21 Merwaidus
22 Rex Wiylaff
23 Rex Bertwulph
24 Rex Burghredus
25 ----- .
20 So- - - - - -
27 
28 ----,- -
29 Rex Etbelbertus
30 S"- Mildrida

eda

Four more images have been quite cut away, two at the
west end and two at tbe east end. The personages, whicb
these statues were intended to represent, 'were either ances
tors of, or else most of them nearly related to St. Werburgb.
A very learned and elaborate history of the above personages
was published in the year 1 749, by Di-. Cooper, of Chester.
There are many remains ofthe old Abbey buildings, three
¦sides of the cloisters are still perfect, the dormitory, and stone
steps leading to it, are in existence, though in a very ruinous
state; part of the Monk's kitchen is stifl to be seen. A por
tion of that once noble room, the Refectory, wbich was Q8
feet in length, and 34 ia widcb, is now occupied by the
'.Grammar School, Adjoining the Bishop's Rdaopj and the

¦64 DIGNITABIES OF TBE CHURCH.
west cloister, is a building ninety feet long and thirty wide,
with a row of short cii-cula,r pillars running down the midr
die, from whicb spring diagonal vaulting of rouiid arches.
This was the great cellar of, the Abbey, under the Abbot's
Hall, which remained entire until the year 1049. The old
gateway df tlie Aljbey -court is still entire, also-St. Thomas'*
court, the porter's loijge, and Abbot's kitchen. There are
-traditions of subterranean vaults leading from the Abbey to
-various parts of Chester, and this appears very probable frora
the inspection of various arched cellars and passages in the
Eastgate-street,. leading in the direction of tbe Cathedral.
Tbe «ix Prebendaries- were formerly norainated by tlie
crown, but in the reign of Philip and Mary, tbeir appoirit-
¦ment was ceded to the Bishop, The following are the pre
sent dignitaries : — '
Rev. Hugh Cholmondeley, B. D. Dean.
piiBBENDAKrES.
Rev. Thomas Ward, A. M. Rev. Chs. Sawkins, A. M.
Kev, Thos. T. Trevor, B. CL. Rev. T. Maddock, A. M.
Rev. B.U.Clarke, A.M. Arch. I Rev. Rd. Godley, A.M.
The six Minor Canons who are appointed by tbe Deau
and Chapter, bad, in 1703, their revenues mucb improved by
tbe bequest of Mrs. Barbara Dod, who devised to them, all
her lands in Boughton,, and Childer Thornton, being alto
gether about ninety statute acres. The present Minor Ca
nons are

Rev. Thos. Mawdesley, M. A.
llev. James Ireland, M. A.
Rev. J.Eaton, M. A. F, S. A.

Rev. Thos. Armilstead, B. D.
Rev. Wm. Molineux, M. A.
Rev. Mascie D. Taylor, M. A.
The other inferior officers of the Cathedral are aleo ap
pointed hy the Dean and Chapter.

PARISn DP BT. 03WAX.D. 65

ST, OSWALD'S PA mSH CHURCH, whieh oeooples
-tbe«outb transept of'^lie^Gathedr^ly is a-vrcarag;e, with a Cha
pel at BriHeta, imprcipriate tothe Cathedral, and of Whittothe
jDean and Chapter are patrons. This ehutch was fdi*iiiierty
dedicated to St, Peter and St. Paul, and- afterXvards to St.
Oswald, King and Martyr, , At an e^rly period, the i^^bbot
and Convent wishing to attach it' to the Cathedral, built «
sraall ctiapel,' dedicatecl to St. Niciiolas, a little tp'tbe south
west, forthe'use of the pai'isbioners ; this however does npt
appear to have been -satisfactbry to thera,.:fpv iui4S8 they
.joined with the Abbpfto re-build th'e church bf St. Os'yv.ald,
--which again becarae the parish cburch ; afterwar'ds the clmpil
having been suffered to dilapidate, was in 1545, sold to th'e
¦Cloi'poratiou for, a Common Hall. It was subsequeritly used
as a Wool Hail, an<i is at this time a Theatre, and Carrier's
Warehouse. — In St. Oswald's Church are several very cu-
'rious old monuments. When Webb wrote bis description
,<)f Chester, in 1022, the Mayor and Corporation usjually, on
Sundays and Festivals, attended Divine service her,e,in the
morning, and at St. Peter's -in the evening, The manor
of St. Thomas, called St. Thomas's Court, iri. the city of
Chester, lying chiefiy within ihe parish of St. Oswald,, is
vested iri the Dean and Chapter, and to which the manors
of Great ;Bbughtori and Bridge Traffoi:d pay suit and ser
vice, and their Constables are elected 'at the Court bf the
t>ean and Chapter. This parish contairis the to'vynsbips of
1Bacb, Great Boughfori, Croughtoii, Huntington, tdinshaw,
Ne'Wton, Wervin, arid the Chapelry of Bruera, or Church-
bn-Heatli, vvhich last incliides the townships of Lea-cum-
Newbold, and Saighton.
Th« Island of Hllbrde, or HilbufV, cftntainirig abtrat ten
statute acres, viz. *!x of pasture and fbdr of rotJk, at the fe*-
I

66 PARISH OF ST. JOHN.

¦tremity of the H. of Wirral, and twenty -miles distant from
Chester, is also within the parish of St. Oswald Accgrd-
ii?g, to the general census of 1841, tbe part of this parisji
^within J the? liberties of the city, contains 1547'niales, 'I869
females.— -The RfiK. Tboj&as Mawdesley, A: M,. Vicar.
jS-r. JOHlvr''§' PARISH CHURCH stands Vvithout the
-walls, was forpiei'ly Cpllc^iate, £uid a lai-ge pile of fine
Saxon architecture, in form of a cross, In the reign of Henij
VIII. there was a Dean, eight Prebendaries, and ten Vicars
Choral. At,the.Dissolution, ,the revenues of this College were
estimated at llcil. I7s, Od. , In 15^5, Queen Eliiabetb
granted the impropriate rectory and advowson of St. John
the Baptist, in Chester, to Sir Christopher Hatton, vvho
conveyed tbem to Alexander King, from whom, in two years
time, they passed to Alex. Cotes. Ursula Cotes, the heiripp
of tbe last family, and p^xe of the maids of honor to Queen
Elizabeth, brought this estate in marriage to John Sparkes,
from whom it passed by females to the families of Wood
and Adanis, from the latter it has lately been purchased by
,the Right Hon. Robert Eai;l Grosvenor. Tlie College of
St. John is .said by some to have been fpunded by King
Ethelred, in ,the seventh century. It is also recorded .that
" King .Ethelred minding to build a church, was told, tbat
" wbeje he should see a w-bite, hind, there he should build
¦" a cburch ; -which ,white bind he. saw in the place where
" St. Jqhn's Church standeth, and in remembrance whereof
"his picture was placed in ,the wall of the said church,
"¦ which, yet standeth on, the side of the steeple towards the
" west, having a white hind in his hand."
Tbe re-huilding^the church of St, John is ascribed te
J*eofriQj Earl of Mercia, who died in 1057.

¦ - . it,J--.,M>r». ¦ - -ni [I- I-I I I I -I Mil 1 ¦-...- |_|_j|
CHARITABLE BEQUESTS, 67'
In 1075, Bishop Peter, wbo removed his residenfce to'
Chester, made this Church his Cathedral,! is 'said to have-
first established the Dean and Canon&, arid to have heen here
buried. About tbe year 147O, the greater part of thp choir
Was destroyed by the fall of the steeple, which stood , be
tween the nave and chancel, and on account of the great
expense the inhabitants incurred in rebuilding it, they were
granted certain immunities by the Dean and Canons., In,
.'.574, the west and south side of tbis steeple again fell,
and damaged a great part of the west end of the church. —
In this dilapidated state it remained till tbe year 1581, when-
the parishioners obtained a grant of the old ChurcU from the
Queen, and began to build up some part of it again, and to-
cot off the chapels above the choir. The remains of the choir
with the nave as then fitted up, have ever since been used
as-tbe parish church. By a decree inade in the reign of'
Elizabeth^ now preserved in the Excbeqiiei- court of Chester,
it: was ordered that the impropriator should bave the patro--
uagC'of tbe vicarage, subjeet to the Bishop's approbation,'
that be should repair tbe choir or new chancel and its' aislfes,
andthat the: nave and its aisles should be kept in repair hy
the parishioners. The whble of lhe steeple and cburch has
Jately, at a very considerable expense, been put into complete
repair. Six new bells were placed in the steeple in< the year
1710, to which two more were added in 1734.
This parish possesses the greater part of an estate at Wil-
laston, left hy Mr. Wilcox, in 1034.
Mr. Brereiion leftby willof 8,tb of April, 103-1, one pound
per ann. to the poor of this parish, and now paid by the-
City Treasurer, 4tb May.
Mr. Edward Bather left, Nov. I4th, 1028, ope pound to
the poor ; ten shillings to the vicar for a sermon on the'Epi--

1  Ill niW-  agggggggg^i^
66 CHARITABLE DE«5B8'»3.

pbany ;, and ten sbilBngsto tbe Mayor for a banquet, annu
ally, charged on his house.; in, Fojiegate-str^t,. latje the
brewery of IVIj.'. John.Seller,. — Dm, 6 Jan-
He furtbei^ left one pound per ann. tobe distributed in
bread on the first Sunday of tbe month, charged on his estate
in Hrinfington, called' the lower or meadovy fariji. Also
aripther sum of ten shillings a year, charged on his estate in
Huntington, called Owler Hall. — Due Lady-day.
Tbis parisb receives- a share of an estate at) Stougbtoni,
Leiieestei'sbirei commonly said- to, have been left by Henry
Smitb-x ofi Londpn. It appears, however, by an extract of a
Deed in an old ijegister at St. J>obn!si, tbat Hienry Smith did
not leave, any land at Stougbton, but that be eonveyed all
hisipersonftlprpperty to- the Governors of Christ's. Hospital,
in London, .upon Trust, for himself during his life, and after
wards fpr thepurchase of land, the profits- of wbicb, were to
bedistril^tiit^d ariiottg.30differenC pariabes in the kingdom,
which he-ienumerafes, by the aforesaid, GovevnoEs, forever.
The three parishes in.thisiCity to wbicb,he gives his charity,
ate St-. JqUh's, §t,( MicbiaelJs, and St. Mary's. This " Deed
of charitaliile,u?es»" is dated 20th. Janwuy, in the 7th of
King, Charles.
Share oi this parish, fop 1ISI5, vras^ 1 2l. 3s. Od.*
Mr. John Stockton* and Eleanor his wife, by will and
Deed, 1008, and 17 10, left and gaVe to the poor of this
parish, eleven shillings a year, fcharged" on a garden by tbe
Dee Side;- now the jH-operty oi Mrs. Keririck.^Due 18 Oct.,
^.¦¦-' ;"'¦"¦¦;•""¦'¦¦'¦.¦'¦¦''¦ . -'.^ -;::,;; i-- - -,- •.¦' i—r^'
* Common report sa>s, this Henr.y SHuUh led a vagrant life as a
comiOQn mendicant mrrpe41at; that.hevuas imiqei^elv^ichiaaijh'the
SarisbeS te whieh he distributed his charity, were tuosc in wblck
eihad met. vvitbitjici best tiieatineii.t.: .

CHARITABLE BEQCESTS. — TRADITION OF HAROLD. 69
VarJOMS small sums left to the poor, were eiuployedl in
building gaUeries, for which the church wardens pay au
annual interest to tbe poor of gl. 10s. Od.
On the south side of tbe church yard, is an ancient build
ing, called tbe " Anchorite's cell," which tradition relates
to bave been the spot whither Harold retired ; two skele
tons were found in it in 17/0, in coffin-shaped cavities,
scooped out of tbe rock : This property belongs to Edward
Vernon, Esq. — On the north side tbe church yard, a large
and commodious school has- been lately erected', and' in-
str.Botibn given to poor children;hy the munificence of the
Earl Grosvenor. In little St. John-street there are four
Alms-houses fbr pampers,, built by Mirs, Dighton; Salmon, in
1738, btit without any endowment,-— The extra-jjatechial'
to^vni^ip of Spital Bioughton, is locally sitaated within, this
parish; it- took its nairiefeoma hospitaliforlqiers; dedicated
fcoi St. Giles, fbundbd by Randal de- Blttpdeville, Earl of
Chester J this- vwas destroyed during the civil wars. King
Cbarlfcs II. in 1095' granted the site, andilands belohging'tb
tbisihOspital, to the' Corpbitation.; tbe former is now used as
a burying gi-ound;
According to the census of 1811, tbis parish contains
1958 males, and 2280 females. — The present vicar is tbe
Rev. William Richardson.
ST, PETER'S CHURCH is-situarted in the centre of tbe
city, atthe jijnction of tbefour principal' streets^ It formerly
was a. rectory, but is now » perpetual cuPacy, which bas^been
augoienteil by ©rieen Anne's boimtyj and is in tbe patronager
of the Bishop, Tbis'cburch, it is-said; was origirially built by.
the celebrated Ethelfleda; who wheri she- altered the de'dica-
tisn of the old'chapcbidf Petev and Paul, to' St. CsWftld

70! PARISH OP ST. PETERi

and St. Werbnigh, erected another to their honor in tlie
raidst of the City, as is recorded by the poetry of BradshaiW
the Monk, " And the old Church of Peter and Paut
" By a general consent of the spiritualty.,
" With the help of the Duke most principali,
" Was translated to the rjf.idst of the said City."
This-chorch was, in 1 OSl, given by Robert de Rotblcnf,.
one of Hugh Lupus's Barons, to the convent of St. Ebrulf,
at Utica, vvhich not long after resigned it to the Monks of
St. Werburgh. It is recorded, that on reparation of thesteeplr
in 1479, the parson and other itibahitantB eat a goose at
tbe top of it, and threw the bones into the four streets. Eigh
teen yards of the spire were rebuilt in- lS80i About the'
year 178O, the spire having been injured by lightning, it was:
taken down and has' not been rebuilt. In 1787^ the whole'
south side of tbe chitrcb was re-eased with stone. 'In- 1813,.
tbe steeple was also re-built, and a new clock placed in- it..
In 1814, the whole of tbe body of tbe church was new pew-.
ed. There is a peal of six bells, cast in the the year 17P9-
Tbe treble has ou it, " when you me ring, I'll sing." — ^There
is what is called " a pentice hell,'^' cast in the year 1 589, for
merly used to call the Magistrates to tbeir duty, and is
still rung at the Corporation Courts, and on uo other occa
sion, — In tbis church are vaults containing the bodies of
the Coopers, of Oveileigh ; the Masseys, of Dee-bank ; th*
Bennetts, of Mostyn ; the Doctor Tilstons, father and son,
physicians, with monuments to their, memory. By the--
west door is preserved, wbat is supposed a part of the stone-
cross, formeriy placed in the centre of the city ;. this was-

ST. PETER'S— CHARITABLE BEAUESTS. 71

ibund on re-building the 'flight of steps to the south door.*
Tihere are many ^mall bequests to the poor of this .parish,
-which. arerepordfidQu tablet^, in the church.
'William Crompton, -of Kinnerton, Flintshire, by will, da
rted 1 709, left, one half offhisLands and Messuages at Higher
:Kinnerton, ;to -ijie poor of St. Peter's parish,, under the di
rection of the Mayor and Aldermen of Chester. This land
has now no building upon it, and in tbe 1810, was .valued at
-I8l. a year, and leased for that sum, fbr twenty-one years^
to Williara Richards, Esq. ; a survey and a map of this estate
was made by J. Calveleyj in the year 177^^ and is now pre-
-served in the Church.
Alderman Henry Bennett, who died in 17|5, did by will
of 17th Feb. 17O8, and proved 30tb March, 1715, bequeath
to the poor of this parish the sum of 25l. tbe interest to
be paid by bis Executor to 12 pbor old widows, ; every
'Christmas. This bequest was, with his, other legacies,
charged on bis jeal estate, .given to his son and executor,
Henry Bennett, who died in 1741. It seems this legacy
-was never paid into the parish, but reraained charged ori bis
treal I estate at Whitby; also; that instead of the bequest of
2s. id. -to each widbw, the family were in the habit of giv
ing '2s, :^; to each ofthe 12 widows. At tbis tirae it ap
pears, tbat 32 shillings are paid, the cause unknown, to tbe
church-wardens of tbis parish, every Christinas,' from the for
mer estate of Hemy' Bennett, at Whitby, by tbe present
owner. Earl Grosvenor.

=i^ This remnant of antiquity, whicb mustcall to tbe mind ofevery
Cheshire inan, the far famed sports, plays, bull baits, &c. &c. which
¦were exhibited at tbe old Chester Cross, has beeiri, since writing
Uie above, given (jy the parish officers to J. , J, Cotgreave,
'Esq. who, witli true antiquarian veneration, has placed it in the
^ grounds pf his beautiful 'Villa, on the Eccleston-road.

73 PARISH OP ST. BBIDlCiET.

Mr. Witter, of Ff odsham, -l^ft ll, a year, c'hal'gfed'on a
shop and htjuse on the west side of Higher Bridge-street,
novv the propeil!y of Mr. Beetinsdn, -of Liverpool.
Mr. Cooper, left fifty-two iSbiMiBgs a 'year to the prior, in
biiead; and eigbt>-peftiefe a piece totlie-eJel-k arid sexton, for
ifeliiveiing «be same; Bhatged bn the (Old Talbbt Iririi aim
novv paid by Mi*. Jackson, of the Hbtel.-!' •; - > ¦
Mr. Hugh Offley, by willof May 1 4tb, j. 5^0,,;ieft a penny
loaf and three-pence to tvvelye poor people, on the first .Sun
day in every inonth, to the eight city parishes in succession,
(St. Olave's being the orie omitted) and six,pence-halfpenny
each to the clei^k and sexton of St. Peter's, for its distribu
tion. Now paid by the City Treaswer.
Mr, Brereton, left 10s. to Miepoor every St. George's day.
Still paid by the .City Tj'easurer,
According tb the census of 1811, there are 582 males,
and 551 febiales.— -The Minister isth? Rev. John Haltpa.
ST. BRIDGET, OR BRIDE'S CHURCH, is situate
in Bridge-streetj at the east ejjd of Whit^friars-lane ; it is a
rectory,;ivvi!|iich hasbeea augraemteflby Queen Anne's bounty,
in the patronage of the Bisho.p. ,The o)-igin -ofthis Chuj-ch
is buried in obscui;ity, but we may^piHibahiy date it i&'Dm
tbe reigi) of King Offa, Wcho died A. D; 797. about which
time we read, " tbat divers parish icburcbes were erected in
Chester." There was formerly a wall round this obureh,
vvhich inclosed several feet of tbe present sti'eet on the east
and north sides, then used as burying 'gi-tiund. In tbe year
1/85, groimd was purebased by the parifeh, behind the
diureb, into which the bodies were removed, andallthe
ground on tbe north and east of the cburch, thrown to tbe

ST. BRIDGET — CHARITABLE BBQUESTS. 73
-street, greatly to the public convenience. At- this time, also,
the east and north walls of-the church were re-cased with
stone, the east -passage to the vestry 'closed, arid an addi
tional door made eastwardof the old one,' on the north side ;
every other part of the church, at- the same tirae, was tho
roughly repaired, at a very great expense, which was chiefly
defrayed by money sunk for annuities, after the rate of ten
per cent, by Ann Robinson, and Susannah Joinson, This
church has four hells ; there is;a tradition in the parish tbat
it formerly bad .five, but that one was seized by a chnrch-
-wardenyfor a parish debt, and carried to Waverton ; this ap-
^pears moi-e ^probable,, from there being a defect in the peal,
^'between the third -and fourth bells. There are no ancient
¦vaults or tomb-stones worthy of notice.
This parish has a share of the' Willaston estate, with that
-of St. John. The estate now lets for lOOl. a year, and is
divided accordlngto the following rate :—

St. John's - - - _ -
Neston Parish ---- ,
St. Bride's  0 2 9 M« the pound.

X. S. D.
0 14 5"^
0 2 lor^
0 2 91"
1 0 0)

The original will of Mr. Wilcox, dated 13th April, 1034,
'leaves the estate then 20l. a year, in the following shares : —

1i /Twenty

St. John's - - - - - - 14 9 8
Nfistoa - - - - - - - 2 10 2 >Twenty Pounds,
St. Bride's - - - - - - 2 14 2^
The parish has a Close of Larid in Hoole-lane, called the
Croft, now let for 5l, a year, which was purchased withle-
gacies left by Mrs. Booth, Mrs. Bailey, Mrs. Salmon, arid
Mrs. Swarbrook,

^ *4.W8;B .OI'ST. VICBAEX.

¦ A n-pst^te^^t. Trafford, purchased for i30Gl., from thie sale
,pf ,hosyses,JeftJ^y, l\Jr, .Jlicbwd Harisison, brewer; Ibe-pfb-c
duct 5^f, tihis ^t|8f,ejisidi§toibjii;ted at tbediijcretion Of AWer*
W.f .OjSfiu.. .a.fiipng, ten poor parishioners, Hrho noiwre-s
<»i.yefrpm,it^ ll. 4s;.:0d'.^eftelj!,:h,aJf yeaifly* ¦ J;.
.'iMits. HaB.nah Griffiths, by Will dated I3tb Nov: 1760i
left -SOl.-to ths church wardens, to buy .bread for the poor,
with the intei'esfj every Cliristmas eve, for ever. It appears
that >with-; this mbney, ' 1001. stock 3 per cent. Cons, was
poj'ebased iu 1798, in the niimes of Wm. Thomas and Wra.
Massey, Esqrs, but owing to neglect in renewing the Trus
tees,; it has been lost to the parish.
Recorder Tovvnshend lefj 2l. a year charged on a house,
now the property of BellTnce; Esq. Several other trifling
sunis aiealsb distributed to 'the poor. ' '^ ' '^
The alm's-hodses. for,fr^eroerj'^ vyidows, in Commoohall-
lane, are situated in the parish, but none belonging exclu
sively to the parishijanej's. According to the census .of 181 1,
tbe parish- contaip^ .2g7 vp^dXes and 430 females. — The pre
sent rector' is the Jlpv.. Richard Massie, A. M-
ST. MICHAEL'^ CHUP-CH is situated in Bridge-street
aipd.jiartly in yepp^r-street, being aboqt thirty feet due east
-fi-om St. , Bride's ; it is a perpetual puracy, augmented by
Queen Anne's bounty, in the gift of the Bishop. The time
of its foundation igiihceiltaih'; -but-weaie informed that the
chancel iw^S, rebujlt in 14:90,it was -also iniarg«l-in 1^78.
The body (>f the oburch Was ne-w roofed in 1.011, Thepre-^.
sent staple, ,fi'om the -j^ifj^^a^jj^ nf^q^e of the steine, i^ ^Ir^a-
dy in a, ^ec^yed Sfafe, it vy^s built iq 1^10, is 23, yards bfgl^,>
^B^:C°8..t ^li^^ ; it!9,op^?!ii"^|,six iflusie^lbells, cast by R,udhall,
of Gloucester, in 1,720 ; the weight of thetis,^Qi.^v!fti th»

ST. Mn;a>A>Er,-^CHARITABI,B BEQUES-rS. 75

expeiise was 2171. Tbe families of Barriston,.Gomberbach,
Falconer, and Williams, have vaults irt<thi!s Church. Tbe
remains of Thomas Falconer, Esq. A-. M. the celebrated edi
tor ot Strabo, lie buried bei'e. All the charitable bequests to
this parish from the year 1590, are recorded ; the following
ai-e the most considerable. — Sraall legacies amounting to lOOl.
have at dift'erent times been received, for which the parish
pays interest according, to the dit'ections of the donorS.
Philip Phillips, Alderman of tbis' city, by, will dated July
5tb, 101 1, left a shop in Eastgate-street, which then let for
40 shillings ayear.. This it seems has fixira neglect of the pa
rishioners dwindled to, and now only claimed as a rent
charge ; no more than tile above sum- is paid at this day.
Henry Smith, of London, iucluded this parish among va--
rious others, to receive the profits of his charitable gift, as
mentioned; in St. John's charities. Tbe share received by
the church wardens of St. Michael's,, for tbe year 1815,
was lOl. 2s. 4d.
Jonathan Goldson, by will of Marcli lOtb, 1079, 1*^
151. once in every three years,,to put forth a freeman's son
of this parish apprentice. Tbis bequest is cbargeable,-aad-
now paid- upon four houses on ,tbe south, side, of Pepper-
street, belong.ing to Earl Grosvencn
George- Bulkley, left-Sept. 25th, 1083, tbe sum of lOOl;
vested in trustees,, who are to pay the interest to the Minis
ter,- but in case of a vacancy^ the interest then arising to be
given to tbe poor of Su. Michael and St. Bridget, by the
church wardens of those parishes.
Joseph Bassnet left,. June 4th, 1094, 2l, every three yearsj
towards putting a freeman's son apprentice, after the- same
raanner as Goldson's bequest, to which it was intended as
an augraentation. Charged on his estate jn the parish, and
now paid by tbe present landlord Mr. Owen Foulkes.

7.6 ST. MICHAEL — CHARITABLE BEQUESTS.
Doctor Robert Oldfield, by will of April 24th, 1095, de
vised two. thirds of Dunham Hall, and other Lands, and
Messuages at Dunbam-on-the-Hill, together with Lands at
Boughton, fbr the purpose of paying 20l. a year to the Mi
nister of St. Michael's, provided he held no other jirefer-
ment, and of binding poor boys- apprentices, born in the
parish, and of maintaining one or more poor boys, who
should be apt to learn, at the University. Proper ob
jects do not every year present themselves, the revenues
therefore have accumulated; and together with the be
queathed property, produce an annual sum of about 2001. —
The present Trustees are
BAGOT READ -\
ROGER BARNSTON f
JOHN DRAKE >swires,
HENRY HESKETH J
William Proby, left April 3d, 1710, twelve shills. a year,-
cbarged on a Field in Handbridge, called Cook's Croft^ now
the property of Kobert Evans, of Saltney-side.
Lettice- Whitley, left a house on tbe east side- of Bridge-
street, to the Minister and bi^successors, forever, and charged
the cellar under tbe same with lOs. a year for tbe clerk, and 5s.
for the sexton for ever. By her will, in 1 700, this bouse is left to
aMr. Brereton, paying 4l. a year to the Minister ; but in a co
dicil, dated July 3, 1 708, tbe Minister is to bave tbe house, and
the cellar orily is reserved to Mr. Brereton, paying the clert
and sexton, whicb by the will lay on tbe premises at large.
Peter Cotton, left in 1710, thirteen large prayer books
to poor widows, of the nine parishes of tbe city, in rotatibn.
Paid by the Mayor of Chester for the time being, and re
ceived hy this parish in 1811.
Timothy Dean, left March 20th, 1720, 50l in aid of Gold-
«on's legacy. This was in tbe hands of Mr. Philip Prest-

PARISH OF ST. OLAVE. 77
bury, who died insolvent about two years since, and the le
gacy entirely, lost.
Rev. Thomas Leftwieh, left May lOth, 1740, lOl. tbe
interest to be laid out by the Minister and church-wardens,
in a bible, value 4s. Od. prayer bopk 2s. duty pf man 2s. 0d.
preparation for the sacrament Is. and given every year to
one poor house-keeper of the parish — Also,
Hannah Leftwieh bequeathed 40l. the interest to be given
to eight old maids yearly.
Elizabeth Potter, left Jan. 9tb, 1782, 40l. the interest to
be paid yearly to ten poor persons in the alms-bouses. —
These three last legacies were in the year 1789 called in,
and vested in the purchase of a shop in tbe street, under tbe
the house belonging to this parish, on the north side of the
church. John Matthews, Esq. (Capt. R. N.) who died in 1798,
left 3501. of 3 per cent. Cons, the interest to put apprentice
a poor child born in tbis parish, now vested in the names of
the Rev. J. Eaton, and Mr. T. Dicas.
The alms-houses founded by Wm, Jones, Esq. in 1058,
are situated in tbis parish, but not belonging exclusively to
the parishioners, will be treated of hereafter.
According to the census of 181 1, this parish contains 250
males and 405 females. — The present Minister is the Rev.
Joseph Eaton, A, M. F. S. A, •
ST. OLAVE'S CHURCH is situated on the east side of
Lower Bridge- street, and opposite Castle-street ; it is a per
petual curacy, in the gift of the Bishop. This cburch was
augmented by Queen Anne's Bounty in 1730; some years
after, 13 acres of Land at Tbornton-le-Moors, were purchas
ed with the money, and some parochial contributions. In

78 CHARITABLE BEQUESTS.
1771> it was again augmented by 2001. for which interest
was paid to the Rev. Henry Docksey, who died in 1778,
since whicb time the payment has been withheld.
When this church was first built is uncertain, probably
in the time of Olavus, a King ofthe Norwegians, who flou
rished a few reigns before the Norman conquest, and as
sisted the English against Canute the Dane. Tn the year
1101, Richard le Boteler, or Richard Buteler, (Ricardus
Pincerna) gave the cburch of St. Olave knd two houses in
the; market place, to the Abbey of St. Werburgb.
It appears by Bishop Gastrell's Collections, that about
the close of the I7th century, this church had beeri fbr some
lime disused except for baptisms and burials, on wbich occa
sion the Minister of St.Michael''sofliciated. In this church
there is nothing worthy of note ; tbe building itself is a pal
try structure, and.the small church-yard' in a most disgust
ing and disgraceful state.— rThere are two bells.
Many small charitable bequests of five and ten pounds to
tbe poor, bave been sunk in tbe erection of a gallery ; the
parish pays interest for the money.
Robert Hervey,, Alderraan of Chester, built six alms
houses in the parish of St. Olave, for six poor persons, and
endowed tbem with a 4th and a Sth ofthe Water Tower,
in Bridge-gate, which being sold' to Messrs. Hawkins &
Headley, engineers of the water works, in 1092, for lOOl.
the sum was again vested in the concern, and now brings 01.
a year, paid to tbe above-mentioned poor.
Elizabeth Bootlj, by will dated '7th Feb, 1732, left 101.
a year to the Minister of St. Olave's for ever, charged' on
her house and premises in tbe parish, now tbe property and
residence of Mrs. Dale, widow ofthe late Jbseph Dale, Esq.

PARISH OF ST. MARV. 79
The Rev. Benjamin Cuhn, (a native of Chester, and Mi
nister of this church) by will June 1 1th, 1704, left lOOl. the
interest to be applied to put apprentices the cbildren of poor
people, who did not receive alms. This money, with some
'accumulating interest, and 20l. left by Mrs. Aubrey, has
been vested in the purchase of 1031. 13s. 5d. stock, navy 5
per cents, in the name of the Rev. Thomas Crane, at this time
Minister of the parish, and vicar of Over, in tbis county.
In 1811, St. Olaves contained 158 males, and 223 fe
males. ST. MARY'S CHURCH, super montem, and in ancient
limes, called St. Mary de Castello, is situated on tbe west
side of Bridge-street, on tbe Castle-hill. It is within the
liberties of the city, though only divided iiy the castle diteh
from the county prpperty. This church is a rectory, in the
patronage ofthe Rev. Robert Hill, A.M, of the Hough, in
right of bis wife, daughter of the Rev. John Wilbraham.
This cburch was given by Randal, the second Earl of Ches
ter, to the Monks of St. Werburgb, and it is not improba
ble tbat its original erection was about this time, for the
special use of the Earls, vvhen they bad their residence in the
Castle>, At the dissolution t^f the Monasteries by Henry
VIII.. the patronage <ff this rectory was by him granted to
the Dean and Chapter; it was, however, with the other
chapter estates as previously mentioned, got possession of by
Sir Robert Cotton,, in the time of Dean Cliffe. Sir Ro
bert sola it to the Huvlstoaes, about the year I5.72, af
terwards to the Breretons, and then to the Wilbrabams of
Dorfold, frora whom it passed in marriage to the Hills.
This? chureb, and its chapels or aisles, appear to have
beea built at difi'erent times. The south aisle, caBed Trout-
ijeek's Chapel, waa originally built in the reigp of Henry

80 MONUMENTS IN ST. MARV'S CBURCH.
VI. by William Troutbeck, and Joan his wife, here many of
that family were interred, and had splendid monuments erect
ed to tbeir memory. About the year 1000, tbis aisle being
in a dilapidated state, fell down, when the monuments wei'e
probably destroyed, wbicb Randal Homes says, " were
thought to exceed any thing ofthe kind in England."— -(Harl.
MSS. No. 2151. f. 16. h.) In 1090, the Duke «f Shrews
bury, as representative of the Troutbecks, from the only
daughter and heiress of Sir Adam Troutbeck having mar
ried Sir John Talbot, granted the aisle to the parishioners,
who rebuilt it, and there made tbe vestry. At the east end
of it is an ancient vault ofthe Brerewood's, where lies the
body of Robert Brerewood, Alderman ofthe city, and thrice
Mayor of Chester.
The north aisle, or St, Catherine's Chapel, as it is calle^l,
contains several ancient monuments worthy of attention. —
the celebrated antiquarian family of the Holmes were bere
interred, and bave handsome tablets to their memory. Tt
appears that there were four of this family in succession, all
called Randal. Tbe second and tbii-d Randal were the prin
cipal antiquarian collectors, but tbere are some collections
brought down by the last to the year 1704. The first of
that name was Sheriff" of Chester, in ifil'S, and Mayor in
1633. It appears that he was fined lOl. for contempt, in
not attending to receive the honor of Knighthood at the co
ronation of King Charles I. according to tbe statute. His
descendant was by no means rich, and after the third gene
ration very much reduced. Randal Holme the elder, died
in 1055; his son Randal iu l659; his grandson Randal,
author of " The Academic Armoury." who was gentleman-
sewer to King Charles II. and deputy to Garter principal
King of Arras, died 1099; Randal Holme the youngeiv

ST. MAATi-^CHARTTAin.B BE«UESTS. 81
who was deputy to Norroy King ot A^ttts, died itf 1707.
In the north aisJe also, is the monument of PhilSp' Oldfield,
Esq. of Brad well, whp died in 1010, with an effigy of the
-deceased, and repaired in 1788, by Dr.> Jackson, Preb. of
Chester, whose mother was daughter of William Oldfield,
Esq. tbe last beir male of that ancient fa-mily. Here is a
monument to- Edward Gaaul, Es^j. a Mayor of Chester;
who died in 1010 : also one to Thomas Gamul,, his s-bn. Re
corder of the city,, who died before his father in lr§13. A
memorial of Wm. Worsl,ey,Esq. of Worsley-^lane, Lane, who
died in 1573. On the south side of this chiurchlies bm-jed-j
an ancestor of tbe anqient family of the Birienheads,wh»
died in 151.0. In this church are also contained maipy
other ancient memorials, as ,well as severah handsome mo-
'deni monuments-;, worthy of inspection. The steeple of this
church is only seventeen yards hi g)i:, it was repaired and
the upper part renewed in 1715, when its further- elevation
was objected to by tbe Governor of tbe Castle, lest it should
comraand a vjiew of the Castle-iyard. It lias siix bells, three
of which vvere cast at Wigan in 1557, the others of mo
dern times, by Rudhall, of Glbaeester.
The following entry occurs in the registry pf burials in
this parish : — " 1030 — Three witches Hange* at Michael
mas Assizes, buried in tbe corner by the Castlcditch, in the
•church-yard^ October 8tb."
There have been- ¦vartoBS- small sums- bequeathed to the
poor oi this ,par.ish> wbic|h are recorded on tabletsjn the
chureb,. these hawe been expended ia the effectipii of g;all^
ries; and the revenue ^isiifigyfrom t^beseaits is.diati-ibute>d,to
-the poor.
Six shilling? is paid by thp City Treasurer for the pootoo
"St. Georges day* called ,Breireton's legacy.
"" ¦ ' JK ' ¦

82.

PARISH OF ST. MARTIN.

- This parish has a landed property at Llai, in the- parish
of Gfesford, which novv letsfor 221, per ann.
Henry Smith's gift aS mentioned p. 6'8, is shared by tbis
parish, and the sum received by itin I815, was 4'. lis. Od.
This parish, according to, the census of 1)811,, contains
1439 males, and 1,330 females. — The Rev. Rowland Hill*
A. M. is the present rector.
ST. MARTIN'S CHURCH is sitiiated on the west end
bf AVbitefriar's and Cupping's-Iane, in a ])Iace called St.
Martin's -ash. It is a rectbryin the gift bf the Bishop. In
1/44, it was augmented by lands purchased with 4001. of
vfliich 2061. camety Oueeri Anne's bounty. This church
having Suffered a total dilapidation, was rebuilt from its
foundation in 1721, as appears from the following lines in
a' stone, pn the west side ofthe steejile'^^^

This church being
ruinated, vvas new
Erected from the
foundation, in
the year 1721.
Charles Bingley, \ p ..,.
William Terry, ' J^' ^^ '

It is a 'small but neat structure, chiefly of brick, vvitb
stone angles and finishings ; it has two bells. The charita
ble bequests to tbe parish are recorded in tbe 'church as
follows : —
Rohert Shone, tallow-chandler forriierly Sheriff' of tbe
city, left twenty shillings to be distributed to the poor every

CHARITABLE. BEQUESTS — HOLY TRINITY.' 83
Good Fridav; also twenty shillings to the Minister; and
twenty to the Church Wardens for repairs to tbe church ;
also ten shillings to the clerk annually for ever ; all wbicb
are charged on the Middle Rake Hay, in the parish of Ha-
v\-arden. Mr. Terry left 20 shillings to the poor, and ten shillings
to the Minister, to be paid every Easter Monday for ever ;
charged on a house near Glover's-stbnc.
Mr. John Langdale left 10 pound's ; tbe interest to be given
to the poor on Christmas day for ever.
In 1811, this jiarish contained 209 males and 4 13 females.
¦ — Tbe jiresent rector is tbe Rev, John Willan.
TRINITY CHURCH is situated on the north side of
Watergate-street, adjoining tbe Custom-house.. It is a i-cct
tory in the patronage of tbe Earl of Derby. This Church
is chiefly built of tbe red sand stone ofthe city ; tbe north
wall of tbe north aisle is cased vvith brick. The church
was lately ornamented with a beautiful spire, which how
ever,, from its exposed situation, andthe perishable quality
of its stoue,. required frequent reparation, tlie upper part of_
it which vvas damaged by storms in -the years 1709 aj^ul
1770, was thrice rebuilt within eight years.. In 1811, the
whole of the sjiire was so niuch deca,yed, as to be .considered
in danger of falling, and vvas therefore taken down. The
stones vvhich formed the summit of the spire were placed by
Dr. 'I'liackeray, in flif Infirmary Garden, as a pedestal for
a basaltic column, frora the Giant's Causeway. The east
end and south side of this chureb,, with tbe pillars and arches; ,
being in a ruinous state, were rebiult from the foundation in
1079. In 1771, tbe church-yard was enlarged frora land
ceded by the rector to the parish, for which it was to pay
him and his successors 4l a year, for ever. In 1774, the

HOLY TjajNITY-!-^HARIT*BLE BEQUESTS.

,€bvircb was enla^rged out of tbe churcb-yard, 5Q ffeet in
length from St, Patrick's aisle, and 28 feet in vyitlth from
sopth to north, ?t an expense exceeding 500l.
In 173,4, it was decreed that thp fpor bells being cracked
and broken, should be recast and two new ones added to
the peal. In 17^0, the six new bells> cast by Rfldball, o£
GJpncester, were pla,Ged jn the steeple.
Tbe Burying Ground adjoining the Church, baving begn
long extremely prowded with bodies, and inadequate to the
use ofthe parish, a fresh piece of ground uoitji pf the Lipeij
Hall and east of the City Jail, was purchased in 1 8,09, con
secrated Sept. 22, 18I0;,,the total expense including Chapel,
railing, &c. was about oue thousand pounds,
There have been many charitable bequests to the poor of
this parish, as recorded on tablets in thk church. Araong
these, the following only are still applied accordirig to the
dorioi's directions : —
Peter Ince,. stationer, gave hy will, dated July l2th, in
the 20tb year of King Charles, 52 shillings yearly, fbr ever ;
to be- given, in bread to poor people attending church. —
Charged' upon tbe cellar of the bouse in vvhich he lived,
John Brereton, Alderman, gave ten shillings a year to.
the poor, paid on St. George's Day, by tbe Cily Treasurer.
Robert Fletcher, of Cork, son of William Fletcher of
tliiS' citj', draper, gave in 1074, two new houses with 41. a
year for four poor widows, and 4 shillings a year to repair
the houses for ever. Charged upon a house on the west
side of Lower Bridge-sti-eet, now inhabited by Mrs. Hunt,
The appointment of pensioners is vested in the parish offi
cers, and not as stated by a late historian,* In the pro
prietor of the house charged.

* Ljson's Cheshire, p. 633.

HOLY TRINITY — CH-ARIT,VBLE BEQUESTS. 85
Thomas Kenyon, carpenter, by vvill of July 19th, 1711j
bequeathed all his real and person&f estate, in trust for the
use of twelve poor widows of Trinity parish, the product to
be distributed every lOtb day of June, for ever. The ahove
Thomas Kenyon charged his property v«ith bis debts and
sorae small legacies, which were paid off with some parish be
quests, and tbe real estate retained, and much improved. The
property when left, consisted of two houses vvith a stable, and
yard, on the west side of Lower-lane ; also a barn, stable,
and garden, on tbe east-side of tbe said lane. These pre
mises, now composing nine tenements, let for the sum of
Sgk Is. Od.
Alderman Henry Bennett, left tbe same sum of 25l. to
this, parish, apd under tbe same negnlations as his bequest to
St. Peter's. In the records of Toinity, it is, seen that in
1715, this legacy was at a vestry meeting ordered to be
pstjd in, to discbarge a debt: due upon Kenyon's bouses ;
which order however does not appear to have beenattend-
ed to, and was indeed at variance with tbeprovtisions, of
Mr- Bennett's will. The ipterest of tbe above sum therer
fore, is legally chai;geable on, the real estate, and Js now
paid by Earl G,r.osven|Or, as mentioned in St, Peter's Cha
rities, vid^ p, 71.
JohxK GrQsvenpr, Esq. by will, dated ?7tb pf May, 1090,
left 3l. a year, to bi^ jiaid to tei? deeay.ed bouse-keepers of
tbe pavisb, charged upon his ho,use, garden, and premis^^,, ,
in 'W'^a^ei'gate-stree^ la,t?, the pypperty tind, residence of Wil
liam Currie, M. D,.
The fa,inily of M?^in waging fpu-fldfid alins-bo,uses,in Trinity-
lane, in thi^ pav'^l^ for thre^ poor widows, with an allovv-
ance ll. per ann- each. Tlij^jf-are appointed by Janjes Maift-
wij-ing. Esq,, of Brombprijug^, gliand^on of tbe founder.

8G MONUMENTAL REMAINS.
In, this- Church lie the remains of Parnell, the poet, bu
ried October 24 tb, 1718.
AVitbin the Communion rails, lies tbe body of Mathew
Henry, tiie celebrated Presbyterian Divine ; bere also -is a
latin inscription to his memoiy on a brass plate-.
At the east end of tbe chancel, is a monument to Richard!
Cliff, of Huxley, vvho died in 1573..
Also, to John Littler, Mayorof Chester, 1005.
Near the east door, is a tablet to tbe memory of Edmund-
Gee, Mayor of the city, in 1550 ;.be died while in office, on'
tbe 13th June, 1551, of the sweating sickness, whicb was-
tlien prevalent.
Above the, latter, is a record of his father. Homy Gee;
twice Mayor of Chester, viz. in 1533 and 1539. He died-
in 1545. — A late historian has erred in tbe date of tbe-
Mayoralty, as well as in stating these memorials not to be-
now in existence.
Near the east door, adjoining the monument ofthe Al
iens, was formerly an ancient tomb of the Wbitraores, with
an eiSgy in mail, of white marble, vvith the family arms on
the' shield ; itis mentioned in King's Vale Royal, p. 84, but
even at that time (1050) the monumental inscription was
" utterly. extinguished ;'' a late historian has also very widely
erred, in saying it was in memory of Jonas Wytymore,, who
died in 1474. The original inscrijition was as follows : —
" Hic jacet Johannes de Whitemore, obiit 3 Kal, Octob.
M.CCC.LXXIV." He was Mayor ofthe city, in 1372.—
This figure was removed on account of sorae alterations, and
deposited in a vault under the seat now occupied by Dr.
Thackeray.— There are many vaults in the church, contain
ing among others, the bodies of tbe Gees, Hiocks, Aliens,

CHAPELRY OF LITTLE ST, JOHN. 87
Pembertons, Hughes, Hesketbs, Bennetts, Barnes, Jack-
sons, Dysons, Fosbrbokes, Porters, &c.
Within this parish is situated tbe Roodeve, wliere the
City Races are held. Tliis fine meadow, containing about 84
statute acres bf Land, belongs to the Corporation, and is
Jet by thera as a common pasture for hbi^ses, at 5l each,
and cows at 41. from May till Michaelmas. It is tythe free,
but the parish rector is allowed the pasturage of one horse.
By the census of 1811, the parish contains 853 males,
and 1371 females.— Tbe Rev. Thomas Maddock, A.M.
rector of Northenden, and Preb. of tbe Cathedral, is rector.
THE CHAPEL OF .ST. JOHN, coraraonly called
LittleSt. John's, is situated in an extra-parochial spot on the
north west sideof, and near to, the Northgate, without tbe
city walls. It is a perpetual curacy in the patronage of the
Corporation. N^eitber burials, marriages, nor baptisms,
take place in this chapel ; neither are any registeis kept.—
The present structure vas erected in 1717) at the expense
of the Corporation, and was first augmented by 'Queen
Anne's bounty, in 1801, vvhen it came under the jurisdiction
bf the Bishop of tbe dioceSe. This chapel and the extra-
parochial ground in which it is situate, formed part of the
endowment of tbe Hospital of St. John, by Randle de Blun
deville, Eari of Chester, for a master, three chaplains, and
thirteen poor pensioners, .being citizens, who by the foun
der's ordinance were each to have daily one good loaf, one
dish of potage, one piece of . flesh or fish; and half a gallon
of ale. The mastership was granted to the Prior of Birken
head and his successors, by Edward II. — In the reign of
Edward III, only one chaplain and six poor widows were
maintained in this Hospital, In the reign of Henry VIM-

8S

HOSPITAL OC ST. JOHK.

the Corporation remonstrated with the Prior of Birken*
head, for not maintaining the full compliment of pensii
oners, but he answered that the revenues were insufficient.
Tbe Chapel and Hospital were desti-oyed during tbe civil
wars, but were rebuilt by ; Colonel Rogei- Whitley, to whom
King Charles II. grant-ed tbe Hospital Estate for bis life,
and twenty years after. Wben the city, charter was re
newed February 4itb, 1085,, in the 37th Ch, II , the rever
sion was granted to the Mayor and citizens for ever. Co
lonel Whitley died in 109,7j and the Corporation obtained
possession in 1703.
In the chapel yard are six alms-bouses, occupied by poor
widows, called " Tlie sisters ;" they are appointed by the
Corporation, and receive a pension of ll. 6s. 8d. each, and
some perquisites,
Joseph Crew, Esq. Alderman pf Chester, who died in
1801, bequeathed 301. per annum, to be divided among them
in equal portions.
In Itbe census of 181 1, the, inhabitants of tliis district,
are joined with those of the Cathedral precincts being, ia
all 83 males, and 150 females.— The Rev. 'William Fish, k
curate of the Chapel.

POPL' LATION.

89

CENSUS
Ofthe City of Chester, m 1811.

a o
w 1 s: a
w

Byhow many
la- railies , 1Building

' t3 OJ a
'cs
P

1 (B
2 =
!!•I'S S'S

Handicraitormo- nufactui-esj Not
in tbe other Classes

tn
—"3

Females Total- uumber
ol inhabitants

'¦Cathedral Church

precincts, &, Lit
,
tle St. John,.ex-
¦ tra parochial ....
44
¥1
0 10
0
15
32
83
150
333
St. John Baptist's
858 140
950 156
2 48
6 4
17
22
477 112
456 32
1958 297
2286 436
4244
St. Bridget's 
682
'^t. Martin's 
141
,76
0 3
47
108
21
269
413 733
St. MarjVon-tbe-
Hill 
528 130
575 153
4 42
0 3
40 0
382 96
153 67
1139 250
1330 405
2469
St. Michael's-...
653
St. Oswald's......
717
759
0 17
151
597
21
1547
1869
3416
St. Peter's 
174
1«8
0 8
6
176
7
382
551
933
Spittle Boughton
extra pare 
-3£
39
0 1
24
13
C
> 7
9£
) 170
44f
603
- 99
3 24
0 (
t 3S
) 5t
29-
. 3;
27
i 1
85
3 15
3 1371
8 22:
2234
-St. Olave's 
85
1 381
3298' 3745 15 161 397 2296 1052 7007 9iaa 16140
Local Militia not
inci
laea i
a ine
Total population within the liberties of the City of Chester.. 17,472
m

BIRTHS, MAItRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

BMTUkN

Mxt\^s, jWarrtagrs, anJ> SDeatljs,

WITHlN THte CITY, IBT THE YEARS 1813 AND 1814.

1813
Cathedral..' 
St. Siiciiarii's 
St. Martin's.....^.
St. Mary'si 
St. Bridget's 
iPrinily 
St. Piter's , 
St. bfewaid's 
St. Olave's 
St. John's  ;.
1813,¥otal 
1814, Total 

B. M
3 0
I
"ll '
19 10
. ,1 .
131 75
:l
"l '
91 23
28

141 9
325

670
666

124 0
73

320
294

D. 6
4
16
62 8
51 6
104 3
147

1814

407
398

B.

M.

i).

1

0

4

35

3

6

19

11

16

106

68

70

10

0

6

110

21

48

27

6

3

118

93

99

10

0

3

340

93

143

666

294

398

Total I8I4.

4 26 109 Idss than 18l3.

The detVease df MUi-riages ia 1814, 'may ptttbibly be o^ing to «»
diminished number of soldiers quartered in the city in that year..

ST. nicholaVs chapel— ^y. ck^dd's church. 91

THE DECAYED PLACES

PUBLIC WOESHIP IN CHESTEE.

St. Nicholas's Chapel was near the Cathedral, and is
now the Theatre Royal, vide p. 65.. — St. Nicholas also is
stated to have had a Church dedicated to him, whjch stood
at the north end of Nicholas-street, near the Blackrftiars.
St. Chadd's Church was situated on the west or north.
west side of tbe city ; tbe exact position is doubtful j in the
Harl. MSS. No. 2125 f. 267 it is said to haye been on
the north side of Watergate-street, " in the Croft over against
the Black-friars ;" some accounts say, a lane called Chadd's,^
¦went from Berward-street,.(now Lower-lane) to .the Church of
St. Cbadd, and from thence another called Dog-lane, led to
the city walls. It seems very probable this church was near
St. Stephen's Cross, which formerly stoQd at the bottom of
Parsons-lanCj (now called Princess-street) for ,in an old .re
cord it is stated, that in the 21,st of King Henr.y VII. a fine
was levied on account of St. Stephen's Cross, " Qd. fregit
et obstupavit viam quaj ducit ad Ecclesiam Stse Ceddse, ad
magnum pocumentumcivium civitat : ,|irsedict :" The follow
ing, docBtnentjwarly confirms tbe above, cpnj^ctu-re : — "Ro
bert de Stretton constituted his brothers William and David
Bellot, his Attorneys, to give possession to- Robert Harej ci
tizen of Chester, and Williara Troutbeck, Esq. of two Mes-
s,uages .and two 'Gardens — -jacent in p- diet, civitat: Ces-
ti'iiB super le Crofts jjtimta EQclesiasm Stce CedAe existent.
inter messuagia Rich' Coly ex paj:te australi et messnag.

92 ST. THOMAS— ST. GILES — ST. MART.
Bastrami Lyalton ex parte boreali et gardinam monarch.
Cestr. ex parte orientali, et alta strata de le Crofts ex parte
occidentali." A Chapel and a well in petit Parsons-lane,
were given to the Abbey by Richard Fitton, in the time of
Henry III. which chapel appears to have been tbe same St.
Chad's Church, the situation of wbicb has so long been con
sidered doubtful.
St. Thomas the Martyr, or Thoraas a Becket, (Arch
bishop of Canterbury) had a church dedicated to him by the
above title j this was situated at tbe extremity of further
Northgate-street, between the high roads to Upton and
Mollington. It was converted into a dwelling-bouse by
Alderman Dutton, and was afterwards called Jolly's Hall,
but was demolished in tbe year 1645. The church-yard of
this St. Thomas is mentioned in tbe Leger Book. The Ab
bot and Convent of St. Werburgb claimed frora time irame-
morial (by plaint not long before the dissolution) a Leet of
all the residents within the Northgate-street, viz. "from the
Northgate of the said city unto the church of St. Thomas,
once by the year to be holden, with all manner of things and
articles whicb to a Leet do appertain," &c. The Dean and
Chapter of the Cathedral still continue to hold St Thomas of
Canterbury's Court, (vide ji. 65.)
SX- Thomas the Apostles Chapee was situated in the
Abbey Court, on the ground which is now occupied by the
Deanery. St. Giles's Chapel, was i-n Boughton, (vide p. 69.).
St. Mary's in the Castlk, a Chapel or Chantry, the
very curious remains of it are now to be seen in the ancient
tower ofthe Castle, called Julias Cesar's. In Henry VIU.

ST. JAMES— BT. ANN— ST. UBSITLA. 93
Tax Book, the Chantry " infra castru.-n Cestriae'" jiaid 10s.
Sd. tenth, whereas St. Mary's Church supra montem, near
the Castle, paid 51. 4s. Od. whicb shews St. Mary's within
tbe Castle, to be different from St. Mary's supra montem.
— King James II. -was present at mass in this Chapel.
The Nuns had one Chapel within tbe walls, and another
called Little St. Mary's, in Kettles Croft, close by the river
side. Long after the dissolution, when a high flood had car
ried down a great part of tbe wall, two chapel bells were
found in the rubbish.
St. James's Chapel, in St. John's Church-yard, south
of the Church, was converted into a Meeting-house for the
Tanner's Company, afterwards into a Meeting-house for the
Cordwainer's Company, the latter sold it to a private gea-
tlenian, who converted it into a dwelling-house.
St. James's Chapel in Handbridge, was a very ancient
establishraent, and tbe site of it now unknown. There was
also a Chapel at Overleigh, which was destroyed daring the
siege of Chester.
St. Ann's Chapel, stood a few yards lo the north east
of St. John's Church, whe^e was a guild or fraternity ;
in some deeds it is called the Monastery of St. Ann, it was
endowed with land and houses ; it ajipears by a rental ofthe
Hospital of St. Ann, that there were no less than thirty-
eight houses and cottages in Chester, belonging to ii; sorae
of wbich now constitute the revenues of Northwich School.
The whole rental in the l6th century amounted to 17I.
Ss. 4d.
St. Ursula's Chapel and Guild, in Common Hall-lane ;
now converted into six alms-houses ; what vvas the Smitbi

94 ST. GEORGE — ST. MICHAEL— ST. MARY.
Meeting-bouse, is now private property, as tbe Company
of Smith's sold in tbe reign of George III.
St. George's Chapel, beloiiging to that Guild, was ad
joining, and is now part of the parish cburch of St. Peter.
St. Michael's Monastery in Chester, was confirmed to
the Abbey of Norton, by King Henrylll. It is conjectured to
have been situated in Bridge-street, in Rock's-court or entry,
where Dr. Williamson says, *' Before it was converted into
dwelling-houses, one might have beheld fair church-like
windows, and other demonstrations of its being part of a
religious bouse."
In 1118, the Monastery of St. Michael, is said tohave
been burnt by the great fire whicb happened on Midlent
Sunday, at eight in tbe morning, all being in church, and
consumed a great part of the city.
St. Mary's Monastery, near St. John's Church, is thus
mentioned in the Book of Doomsday — " In Monasterio Stse
Mariae qd. est juxta Ecclesiam Sti. Johannes jaoent duo
bovatae terrae quae wastae erant et modo sunt wastae.'' It is
sayposed that tbis establishment was remold by Earl Ran-
dai to tbe western part of the city near the Castle, and un
der the title of St. Mary's N-unnery, existed till the dissolu
tion, temp. Hieiii<y VHI.
Tbe three principal oudersof Friars had estabUshmenlbs in
this (city. The Monastery of White-friars >oi- Carmelites,
was i« St. Martin's parish, between Wbitefriars-Btreet aod
Commonhall-lane. The church, with its fine spire, .wiiich
had been .built only about a century^ was .taken down by .Sir
Thomas Egerton, ,in 1557. It is recorded itbat this spire

BLACKFRIARS — GREYERIARS.

95

whicb was curiously wrought, was a great ornament to the
city, and moreover the only sea-mark for direction over tbe
Chester Bar.
The Blackfriars stood on the west side of the north end
of Nicholas-street, where now is a curious ancient mansion,
chiefly composed of carved wood, and with the date 159I,
still visible ; this formerly belonged to the Stanley family,
and was their town residence, ,
Tbe Greyfriars stood at the west end of Watergate-street,
some accounts say on the present site of Stanley-place,
which was formerly, called Gr,eyfriars Croft, oihers, tbat tbe
Convent was on tbe south side; but all agree it was near
ithe Watergate.

96 DISSENTERS.
¦Some account of the rise, progress,
AND PRESENT STATE OP TBE
DISSENTING CONGREGATIONS,
IN CHESTER.

The Presbyterian Meeting House clairas our first
and most particular attention, not only as it was the first
dissenting place of worship in this city, the parent hive from
which many of the others have had tbeir origin, but also as
its history is intiraately connected with tlie rise and progress
of the Dissenters in this part of the Kingdom, and may
serve in sorae degree to illustrate the changes through wbich
they have past, both in relation to opinions and nurabers,
from tbe reign of Charles I. down to the present time. The
following sketch of the History of Crook's-lane Meeting,
and tbe other Dissenting Congregations in tbis city, bas
been communicated by Mr. James Lyons, kte Minister of
the former Society : —
The Presbyterian Meeting House is a large brick
building, with a burial ground in front, situated between
Crook's-lane anil Trinity-lane, having an entrance from each
of tbose streets, and is generally called Crook's-lane Chapel,
to distinguish it from two other places of worship which
are nearly opposite to it, in Trinity-lane. It was built in
1700, by a large flourishing and respectable Society which
had been formed in 1687, hythe celebrated Matthew Henry,
son of the learned, pious, and laborious Philip Henry, one
of the ejected Ministers, whose life written by bis jon, is
generally esteemed a raost valuable and interesting narrative,
and has lately heen reprinted with aotes, by Dr. Words-

DISSENTERS. 97

worth,: in his Ecclesiastical Biograjpby. Iu the Register
Book belonging' to tbe congregatton-of this 'place,' tbere is a
•short, account of tbe rise, progress, and transactions ofthe
Society, written by Mr. Henry, in 1710,-being the twenty-
^Airdyear ofhis ministry.
:,From this account it appears, tbat in 1 662, there wei-e
H;hree dissenting congregations in- Chester, which had been
founded byi the exertions of Mr. William Cooki Mr. Ralph
Hall, and Mr. John Harvey, Ministers of the Established
Church, who had been ejected from their respective livings^
on account of their non-compliance with the act. of uni
formity. Mr. Cook, wbo was ejected from St. "Micha«rs, in this oity,
and who is represented by bis contemporaries as a man of
strong sense, of profound and varied learning, and of great
piety, was, shortly after his being silenced, coramitted by tbe
Mayor to the common Jail, forpreaching-in'bis own house.
Tbe viofence and comraotion occasioned by tbe"Five-raile
Act, obliged bim to witbdrawfrom his public situation, and he
retired to Puddington, till the times became more tolerant-;
when he returned to his flock in Chester, and resumed bis
ministry, during the short interval of indulgence granted to
Non-conformists by Charles II. — He was greatly esteemed
in this city and neighbourhood, not' only for his eminent li-
teraiy attainments, but al'so on account of the uniform-in
tegrity, meekness, and benevolence, which be displayed in
tbe midst ofthe most painful privations, -difficulties, and suf
ferings. He died in 1684. Mr. Hall, who bad been eject
ed from Mear, in Staffordshire, was also imprisoned
upon tbe Five-mile Act, for six months, in Chester
Jail, where the manly fortitude and unrepining patience,
with which he sustained bis trials, and bis benevolent exer-
M

DISSENTERS.

tions to enlighten aftd reforra the ufiliappy criminals wbo
'wei-fi bis fellow jitisoniers, -not only gi-eatly increased the at
tachment of his friends, but ailso procured him the cordial
esteem; of many, to whom he was previously iinknown, but
vvho were thereby made acquainted with the goodness o'f
bis heart, and t-lie mainy -virtues wbiph adtorned his ebar»cter.
He died ip l684, a short 'time afiei- bis imprisonment.
After the death of Mr. Cook, and Mr. Hall, tbeir congre-
jgations were entirely broken up and dispersed hy 'the persecu-
tjons of the times, but such of them as continued Dissenters,
-either eoatented themselves with family wwrship, and occa
sional -meetings at each otliers houses, or joined Mr. Harvy's
congregation, Avbich assembled at his bouse, in a& private a
raanner as poss,iblej to avoid the penalties then in-force against
NonTConformists, until James II. under the pretence of uni-
'versal toleration, Iwt with a view to the introduction and
•estal^Iishment qf Pppery, granted tbem the liberty of jiublic
worship, of which thay bad been: deprived in tbe latter par.t
•of the reign of Charles II. It was at this time that Mr.
Henry began bis ministry jn "Chester, and was enabled,
tlirough the indutgenceof the Government, t« collect the
remains of frhe congregations of Mr. Cook and Mr. Hall,
and to open a meeting in Whitefrier's-lane.
Mr. Harvy, vvho had been ejected from Wallasey, in Che
shire, continued to labour, as. th'e Minister, of a dissenting
congregation ip Bridge-street, for thirteen years aft«r the
¦toleration was granted, apd, having well aiMtained, during a
long period of great trial anddifficujty, the cbaracter of a
Christian Minister, he died in November, 1699, and was
buried ip the great church.
Mr. Harvy, was succeeded in the ministry by his son J. Harvy,
>wl}o was hroviglit, up anflQiig the dissentei's. Ou his resignation.

Dl'SSEJiTEiHai 09'

J^O®, in coTisequenee of'fJlteWW,'lH's bongi'e^kion, \*bich
^aslai-ge' and iip'iilerrti ^vas uhi<!ed to that of Mr. Hem'y, and
in 1707> d -ferge-g-aHery WaSbiiflt outhesoutb Sideof Crook's-
lane'-MeStiiig Hoiifee, for their b'ett^- accommodation. Thus
wtre the three original Non-cOnfornfist Societies knitetl in
one, ttiider tihe 'pastoral care 6fMr. Hentj', who remained the
-only Di^stnfingMlni'Ster hi Chester. Irirh« aCcoantb^liasleft
of t-bti'ise a-hd jito^i'e^S of tbecbn^fegatibn in Crb'ok''s-la'ne,
-He has reCbrdetl- a 'fl'ansadtion Whicb is exceedingly illustra-
^tiV^ of the '[KJlitlcs o'f thts' cfty in his tirae, and'of the t'or-
to'pt and arWitra'i'y measU'res, by whicb Jarties II, and his-
GOvernrrifflt endea'voured''td subvert and destroy the Pro-
'^Afe'fatit Establisbrtient, the ci^l 'coitstltution of the country,
arid tbef 'righte land' R%i4rties'of't4ie people : "Tlie charter
"¦'o'f tl^ city (says Mf. Henryybad"been sn'ri-endcred about
" 'I-6S4, aiid' a new charter granted, by which a power was
"reserved fo fhe crowU, to put out Magistrates and put
•' in at |)lfeasui-e-i This precarious cti-artef -Was joyfull'y ac-
" cepted by -those that Were' for surrendering the did one,
^^ that Alderman Mainwaring, and some otlier Aldermen
" of rtie sklne honest principles, might be turned out, and
••*' v&ai bnt those of tbeiV owb kidney taken in. 'By this
" charter^ .Sir Tboma'^ Grosveiidr was tbe first Mayor, Al-
" d'eTtotiii'WHsoii, the second. Alderman Oulton, tbe third,
" and Alderman Starkey, tlie fourth. In the latter end of
" bis time, abdirt l69&, dneMr. Trinder carae to Chester,
-" for flie new- Sioddling of theCorporarioD, according to
-** ¦ ther power reserved to fhe Crown by tbe new charter.
-" 'He applied himself to rae, told me fhe King thought the
" go'v^twiretit of the city 'needed reformation, and if I
" would s*y «*bo shoiild lie put out, and «*ho put in their
-" places, it should be done. I tdW him I begged bis par-

too DISSENTERS,
y-don, ib^at was none of , .ray business, nor would I in tbe
f, least intermeddle in anything of |.hat nature. However,
"¦hegotinstructions-from others, the new cbsirter was can-
", celled,- and, anotber sent, of, tbe same import, only: alter-
" ing- the persons,, a^ad by it, all the dissenters of note in
" tbe city, were; brought into the government j, the seniors
'¦ ,jto be Al.dermen, and tbe.jiioiovs to,b|e,CommonvC/OBncil-
" men,, and Sir Thomas ,§taiiley. Mayor. This chartei-
", was brought , down, and ,tbp; persons called, ltogether.t«
^',haye notiqe of it,, and to have ;the time fixed for their
" , b,ejng sworn, but they, like true. Englishmen,- unanimously
"refused it, and desired jt;hat the ancient cbaKtei; might be
" restored, though, they knew that none of.tbem woukl
" come into povver by tliat„b,ut that many that were their
" b'tter enemies would be ^restored by it. This I take to-
" be a memorable instance IjotbjOf the modesty of the dis-
" senters, and a proof how far they are from an apiecfation
" of power ;, the top of their ambition being to live quiet and
" peaceable lives> in the exercise, oj^their religion according
" to tbeir conscierjces,-, as also-of their inyiqlable fidelity to
" the rights.and liberties of their couptry." The principles
aijd' dispositions-displayed by Mr. Henry in this transaction,
and which, were so hoiiorable to h^im as a- man, an Englisli-
man, and a christian Minis^ter, appear to have governed his-
conduct at every period.of bis life. H? was indeed a Calvinist,
and a zealous assertor of the opinions of the Non- confor
mists, but his spirit was never inflamed by fanatiie.rage, nor
embittered by the rancour of bigotry and, intolerance. He
could esteem as brethren those whose honest convictions
would not suffer them to embrace his opinions, and who
conscientiously worshipped the Supreme Being, under forms
' different from those which he deemed most coagenial to the-

DISSENTERS. 101

spirit of christiariity. The liberality of his sentiments, and
the candor a'nd kindness bf his mind, ai'e strikingly express
ed at tbe close of his Sermon on tbe opening of Crook'9-lane
Meeting House, in whicb he thus addresses his brethren : —
" Be at peace witb tbose from vvhom you differ in'opinidtt,
and recefive thern not'witb doubtful disputations. Carefully
wat>ch that' a diversity of communion cause not an alienation
of affection, but be ksread^ to do'everyoffice of love,'and
kifidrieSSj and''Wspk;t] to those from whom you dissent, as
t<j'thbse \Vith' whom' ydtl consent ; resolve, though you differ
fi-dm 'fhem,''y'ou-'Wiirnot differ with tbem. If ioin' sepfara-
tioii be ridt ^chlsraaticalin its own rititiirei (aS foi- rdy owii
part I am Wefll -Satisfiied it is not) letnsndt at any tiioietoak'e
it so by diir ovrri'undbaritable censures, dr unchristian he^fs
and'passi'dns.''^' ' '' • ¦
Mr. Henry removed frora Chester to Hackney, in']7'13^j
and jdied of apoplexy,'' at Nantwich, Vvbere be had 'been
ona visit to his -friends, ' in June, 1714, the 'fifty-second
year of his age, and was buried at -Trinity Churcli, in
this icity. He was esteemed an excellent Hebrew scholar,
and, for his time, a Biblical critic of no inferior: consi
deration. His Exposition of tbe Bible has gone through a
great many editions, and is still in great repute, as a practical
commentary Upon the sadred writings, witb mdderate Cal
vinists,, both in the Established :Church, and among the va
rious denominations of Dissenters. Mr. Henry published,
besides several single serraons : — 1. " A Discourse concerning
the nature of Schism," 16S9.— 2."The Life of Mr. Phillip
Henry," 1696.— 3. "A Scripture Catechism," 1702. — 4.
" Family Hymns,'' 1702, — 5. " The Communicant's Com
panion;" 1704. — 6. "Four Discourses against Vice aud
Immorality," 1705.— 7. " A Method of Prayer," 171O.-7—

,102 DISSjySTEHS.

18. f Directions for daily commuiiipn wj^l^.God," 1712; — 9-
" An Ex,posi-tion of tli^Bible,'' 5 yols. folio, the first yolumc
i,u J7G6. , ,,,, ,.,,,,,,,--
,Mn, John ()liardin,er succeeded Mr. Henry as the Minister
c|f Croqk's-^aiie Jfeetiag .'House/ 17,13, and continued to fill
tfiiat station, , with .reputatiyon, aod usefulness, for.piore than
ha'|f,a..pe.iituiy. , Hfj,^ed,pii,,tht,2i\io^.i^o}iepiiher„ 176|5i,ifu;)d
w£is ,j;ij;ewed,.iin ,Tri-J5iity Cluirciii-j Jiear to the remiainsiaf his
predecessor, ]^r,. Henry.. .Iti,is |djfSe.vi!it npvy ,10 as^certwn,-
wli^tber ^Ir, .Gardner was a^^lyjiji^t pf ijfot, as ,be,did,u<xt
-^¦.Qm,,ihg.)P!?s3 .ipake.jajiy dgcdarsf^on x)f,|that ;,Ratpre,,but
rfifOm, the ,f;bQice,fif .tJie.cougregatioii.S;? to his «^ccessqVir,ii)t
«ee#JS highly pi(obaW% tlp,a(t wb*t^f ?fili'S J^eUg'lous s-entiments-
'^ej.e wbcn be came to Chester, be;bi»i|d3tq\y!ards,tlie'fllo6e of
his life, departed in a considerable degree from the doetiMae^-
^a-iwtaiined,,by Mr. Henry,,' . ,„,:'> ' -w,,,- .- i ,'¦ ' ¦:< i
. Jflr. J.Cblidlaw'SHCcaededMr.Giaji'dner in 1765,hii,ving.been'
ico-pastor with him i)4 years, and was the sole Miuister-of
.Crook's-laneMeetingHoiise for 33 years, wben, fi-om -declin
ing beakli,, and tbe rapidly increasingiBfirmities of old age,
-be was lundei' tbe jieoessity of Irefeigningitbe ministi-y, and
(Was succeeded by Mr. Wm. Thomas, in 1798. Mr.Chidlaw
idted in 1800, .and was buried Jn- the Meeting House-yard.
-He is still weU rememhened in 'Isbis city, and ibis memory is-
^;herished with giieatr-especftby the congregation with which-
be was connected, espeoitflly by tbe aged members of if>
¦who were bis -friends and assooiates in ca'iily life. Hte was
an Uuilarian, and the Minist*!*^ of 'Crook's-lane Meeting
House, since his time, bave been of'that denomination, main
taining the religious 'opinions generally held by such writers
¦as Dr. Lardner, Dr. P'riestley, Mr. Liifldsey, -atid Mr. Bel -
¦sham. At his. death, Mr. iObidla\v betjueathed one bundretl

DISSENTEBS. 103
^lonnds to the Trastees of Crook's-lane Meeting House, and
directed that tbe interest of it should be ajiplied to the use
of the Minister for the time, beiug. He published "A serious
eail to regard Divine Providence, a sermon preached at
Chester, Novetnber Sth, 1772, on occasion, of the dreadful>
calaraity that happened tbere, on the Sth ofthe sarae month,
by an explosion of gunpowder." Of tbis raelaneboly event
he has given, in the preface to his sermon, the following
brief but striking account :• — " On tbe 5tb of November,
1772, about nine o'clock at night, the inhabitants of tbis
city were alarmed hy a sudden shock,- resembling an eartb-
tplake. It was soon known to be occasioned by the blow
ing up of a large building in Watergate-streetj in , whicb
-was assembled a great crowd of people, to attend a Puppet
;Sbow. Unhappily, under the shoW-room was ^ Grocer's
Warehouse, in wbich was lodged a large quantity of gun
powder. It is not certainly known by what accident it was
^red, but the effects were terrible beyond expression. The
whole building (the timber and walls of which were remark-
-ably strong) was in a moment levelled witb the ground^ and
-some of tbe adjoining houses greatly shattered and damaged.
But who can conceive the situation and feelings of the un
happy sufferers in that tremendous crisis ? It is distress too
great to be described j nature shudders at it, the dying
groans that were heard amidst the ruins, excited in every
breast exquisite feelings, which were still heightened by the
impossibility of procuring relief for many of thera while life
remained, or removing that vast load of timber and stones
by which, they were oppressed. The consternation and dis-,
¦tress of the relatiions of the unfortunate sufferers, completed
!that scene of horror. Tlwse of us who were witnesses,
fOi it, qan never forget the wild amazement and despair of

104 DISSENTERS.

those wbo hurried to seek tbeir husbandsj wives, or children,
that were inn'qlved in, this icalaraity, or tbeir piercing cries,
when they followed tbem, as they were carried home thro'
the streets, burnt, maimed, or dead. It ajipears -by authen
tic accounts, tbat twenty-three were killed upon the spot,
fifty-three are in fhe Infirmary, witb burns, bruises, &c.
and ahout thirty more In, private houses, in all, one hundred
and six." In tlae latter part ofthe preface, he bears a very
honoi-able testimo:ny to tbe prompt attention and assiduous
care of tbe Gentlemen ofthe Faculty, in administering, to
tbe wounded all the proper meansof relief ; and to tbe com
passion and generosity shewn by the inhabitants of tbis city
and neighbourhood, on that distressing occasion,
Mr. Thomas, though a young man, and apparently of a
Tery sound and robust constitution, when be came to Ches
ter, was, by a painful and lingering disease, whicb finally
terminated in consumption, obliged to resign his public si
tuation in 1808, and, by the advice of his medical attend
ants, he retired into South Wales, for the benefit of bis na
tive air, where he died in March, I8O9. Hc was a man of
great integrity and benevolence, and bis simple, raild, and
unassuming raanners, attracted the sincere esteem of all who.
were acquainted with his cbaracter. — He did not publisb
any thing with his name, but wrote several articles in tbe
Imperial Review, wbich evince extensive reading, and a
well cultivated mind.
Mr. James Lyons, who had been the Minister of a Dissent
ing Congregation at Hull, for eleven years, succeeded Mr.
Thomas, in 1808, and resigned his situation, as the Minis
ter of Crook's-lane Meeting House, in December, 1813.
He has published two serjnons, the first, " The right and

DISSENTERS. 105
duty of a faithful and fearless examination of the scriptures,"
a farewell discourse oo leaving his congregation af Hull, in
which he-states his reasons foi embracing fhe Unitarian Doc
trines; and the second, " Tbe disseraination of Unitarian
principles recommended and enforced,'' a discourse deliver
ed at the annual Meeting of the Unitarian Fund Society, in
London, in 1808.
After Mr. Lyons's resignation, the public services were
conducted by Mr. J. Parry, Mr. Tbeopbilus Brown, late
Fellow of Peterhouse College, Cambridge, and others, until
August, 1815, when Mr. W.J. Bakewell entered upon the
pastoral office, to which he had been unanimously chosen by
tbe Congregation while a student at the Dissenting College
at York.
The Funds belonging to this place, which bave arisen out
of the donations of tbe wealthy members of the Society
fiXira time to tirae, for the use ofthe Minister, and the sup-
'port of tbe poor, are very considerable ; and are managed by
Trustees chosen in succession out of tbe congregation. —
Tbey have eight almshouses, which are liberally endow
ed, and in which poor widows reside ; funds for the edu
cation of young men for tbe Ministry; for the instruction
of the children of the poor, and other very important cha
rities. Tbe congregation, though respectable, is not large j
the opinions of Unitarians being by no nieans popular in
this part of the Kingdom.
There are eight other Dissenting Places of Worship in
Chester, belonging to Quakers, Independents, Baptists, and
Methodists, and one Roman Catholic Chapel.
The Quakers Meeting House is a small plain building,
with a burial ground in front, and only one entrance. It
N

106 DISSENTE'Re.
is .situated on the east side of Cow-lane, and was built in
1^02. Tbe iSodety lof Friends in tbis city is very small:;
liut tbey are fisqumently visited by their Trawlling Ministers,
noil only from different parts df England and Ireland, but
¦ailso IEr!»m the 'Odin.tin'ent of America; and., on such occasions,
their qiublic meeitings are .numerously attended by people ot
other denominations.
The 'Iindbpen-dent MEETm-G House is situated on the
•West side lof Queen-street, adjoiniti'g to -whicb, on tbe south
«iite, .is a House for tbe Minister, and on theopposite side,
.^ burial gl-dund. It is a handsome brick building, with an
iron 'palisading, and 'two eiitrances in front, and was erected
in 1777. The founders of this place were originally, a part
of the Presbyterian congregation in Crook's-lane, from
wbich Aey separated themselves, on account of some differ
ence of opinion, relating to points of doctrine, and had as-
•sembled, for some years, previous to the erection of tbeir
Meeting House, in a large room, which had been fitted -ujp
Jfor public worship, in Commonhall-lane. Tbis congrega
tion .is large and respeotable, and tbey have lately erected
.galleries round three sides of their Meeting House, for the
accommodation of their increasing numbers. Tbey are
•Calvinists, and Mr. J. Reynolds is their Minister.
"The Baptist Meeting House is situated on tbe east
-side df Crook's-lane, It is a small, but neat and commo
dious brick building, and was erected in 1 S06. This con-
gi-egation is not la-rge ; their doctrinal sentiments are Cal-
'vinisiic, and Mr. Inglis is their Minister.
The Wesleyan Methodists have two places of wor-
.sliip in tbis city. The principal one is in John-street, and
was erected in 1811. It is a large, well built, handsome

DISSENTERS. I'd!
structure, with a semi-circular froB't-,- and three entrances ;
two of whicb are at the west end, near tbe city wallis, from-
which a flight of sfejis descend into the ehapel-y.ard ; the-
otlier is from John-street, It is galleried- on thi'ee sides, and
behind tbe jiulpit is a large orchestra, for the accommoda
tion of a body of singers. Tbe Ministers at tbis place are
Itinerant preachers, wbo do not continue longer than two-
years on a circuit, and are annually appointed to their re
spective statioBS by the Methodist Confereiice. There are
always two in tbis circuit, who officiate alternately at the
Chapel in John-street. Tbe Society has increased very
considerably in this city, during the last ten years.
The other Wesle.yan Methopist Chapel is situated ii*
Trinity-lane. It was built in 1 794, and is raijcb inferior,
both in dimensions and appearance, to that in JobnrSti'e.et.
The congregation at this place, wbicb is considerable, with
many others Tn different parts of the kingdom'^ separated
themselves, some years since, from tbe Old Methodist Con
nexion ; in order to effect what they deemed a reformation
in relation, to tbe power and authority of their preachers,
the raanageraent of their funds, and the general governraent
af their Societies. Their Ministers, like tbose of the Oltf
Methodist Connexion, are itinerant preachers, appointed to
their respective circuits annually, by their Conference j
wbich is composed of preachers, and delegated representa
tives, from tbeir principal congregations.
The Calvinistic Methodists have, three places o-f
w,orship in. Chester. Tbe largest is the Octagan Chapel, it
was built by tbe Wesleyan Methodists in 1766; and, upon
riieir removal to the New Chapel in John-street, it was pur-
cbasedl, and las, since thst time, been occupied by its pre
sent possessors. TWs congregaiioa was founded by the

108 dissenters.
late Mr. P. Oliver, a Clergyman of the Established Church,
who embraced the opinions of tbe celebrated Mr. Whitfield,
in eonsequenceof which be converted some outbuddingsnear
hishouse in Boughton, into a Chapel, where he officiated un
til his death, witliputany other reward than tbe pleasure of
diffusing among his poor neighbours, according .to the best
of bis judgment, the spirit and principles of the christian
religion. At bis death he bequeathed tbe chapel to his
congregation for a term of years, but upon (heir removal
to tbe Octagon, they sold their interest in it, and it has
siuce been used as a Sunday School, by the Independent So
ciety of Queen-street, and occasionally as a Calvinistic place
of worship. The congregation at the Octagan is consider
able, and is in connexion witb tbe Societies wbich were
under tbe patronage of tbe late Countess of Huntingdon.
Mr. Bridgeman is tbe present Minister.
The Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Chapel, whicb
is a small place, is situated on the west side bf Trinity-lane,
and was built in 1804. It is principally supplied by preach
ers from different parts of fhe Principality of Wales, who
perform tbe pnlilic services in the ancient British language.
Tbe congregation is not large. — Mr. J. Parry is tbeir pre
sent Minister.
The Large Room in Coramonhall-lane, wbicb was
originally occupied by the Independents, is now used as a
place of worship, by a sraall Society of Calvinistic Metho
dists, who were forraerly a part of tbe congregation of the
late Mr. Oliver. Mr. Jl Wilcoxen is tbeir present Minister. '
Most of tbe Dissenting Congregations in Chester, bave
ctablisbed Sunday Sch,pols, which are supported by public
subscription, aud by annual cpllpctions, at tbeir respective

dissenters.

109

))laces of worship. Tbey are in general zealous supporters
of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and , of mis
sions, from their several denominations, to different parts of
fhe vvorld.
The Roman Catholic Chapel is situated 0:1 the west
side of Queen-street. It is a small, but handsome brick
building, with an elegant doric portico, supported by four
light stone pillars ia front, and was built in 1 799- The
congregation is not large, though it bas increased since tbe
chapel was built. Mr. John Ashhurst is tbe present Priest.

1 10 PCBI.IC CHARITIES — HOBSE OF INDUSTRY.
PUBLIC CHARITIES.
THE POOR HOUSE, OR HOUSE OF INDUSTRY,
clairas precedence among tbe various ])ublic or geueral
charities of the city of Chester. It is situated near the^
bank of the river, on the N. W. side of the Roodeye, and:
was built by the Corporation for the city accommodation,
iu the year 1757- It is governed by the Mayor, Recorder,
Aldermen (being Justices of tbe Peace) and seventy-four
other guardians, elected by the nine parishes of the cify, ac
cording to Act of Parliament passed in the year 1762. By
this Act, tbe Poor House was vested in the above guar
dians for ninety-nine years, from tbe 1st of May, 1762, for
the sum of 90I. a year, with power in the guardians to ter
rainate tbe engagement after the first seven years, by giving.
right months notice. Tbe sick poor of the House are at
tended by the House Apothecary of the Infirmary, and if
required, by the Physicians and Surgeons. The total ex-
pen.se of the in and out-poor of the nine parishes (exclusive-
of tbe poor in tbe Cathedral precincts, and the extra paro
chial districts of LittleSt. John and Spital Boughton) with
in tbe liberties of tlie city, for tbe year ending 27tb April,
1815, Avas 6,2521. 5s. 6jd.
THE INFIRMARY is on the west side of the city, near
tbe walls, in a most delightful situation, open to the river
and sea bi'ee,zes, vrith a fine prospect of the Welsh bills. — It
is a quadrangular brick building, was erected in 176lj is ca
pable of containing ujiwards of 100 beds, with commodious-
offices of all kinds, and apartments for the House Apotbe-
C'riry, Matron, and Apprentices, cold and hot baths, Physi
cians' and Surgeons' rooras, laboratorv, waiting room for pa-

FUSI;I.C CHARITIES— INFIRMARr. Ill
tients, and board room, where the Governors meet, and the
^records of fhe Hospital are kept, large benefactions and be-
.quests recorded on tablets, together with tbe naraes and
year of election of the different medical officers who bave
given their services to tbe Establishment. All subscribers
of two guineas a year, are governors for tlie time, and bave
the privilege of recommending two in, and a-n indefinite
number of out patients annually ; a benefactor of twenty
guineas has tbe same privilege during life, larger sums en
title the donor to recommend a proportionate number of
in-patients. TJic House never contains so large a number of patients
-as it might accommodate, its funds being totally inadequate
to so large an expenditure. It is supported chiefly by
-voluntary subscriptions, and partly by the interest of funded
property vested in pei-petual trust.
The subscriptions for tbe year ending Lady-day, 1815,
-^vere 1,1571. Us. Od. Share of three per cent. cons, is
15,0001. in the naraes of Roger Barnston, Thomas Towns-
iiead, and ' .Edward Holt, Esquires ; also a further sura of
179SI. 19s. 7d. df 3 per cent. cons, in the names of the Rev.
Htigh Cholmondeley, Dean of Chester, John Feilden, Esq.
WilKam Makepeace Thackeray, Doctor of Physic, and John
Stanislans Townshend, Esq. Ten guineas a year is received
from the musical fund of 1783, and 61. per ann. fi-oro 'the
Blue Girl's Schocd for rent. The above, with 60I. per ann.
paid for .medical attendance on the county prisoners in -tlie
Castle, and S61. per ann. for tbe Poor House, forms the
-total permanertt income of the Hospitjil. The remaining
lairge balance is 'paid by casual donations, charitable ser-
-Mions,, iand assei!riblli«s, appreritioe fees, and tbe subsistence
sof fever .patienits.

113 PtlBtlC CHARITIES— GRAMMAR SCUOOI..
The number of patients admitted during the year ending
Lady-day, 1815, was IIV PATIENTS  491
OUTPATIENTS  1613
The total expense of the Establishment for that time,
was 20641. 18s. 5d.
The upper story of the north side is altogether appro
priated to cases of fever. Tbis Hospital bad tbe credit of
being tbe first in tbe kingdom, where distinct wards were
used for all casis of infectious fever, the utility of tbis admi
rable system is now universally admitted, and generally
acted upon. — I'he benefits of tbis ward are not confin
ed to tbose recommended by Governors, but are open to
all ap]>licants, sent witb a proraise from any respectable
person to pay one shilling a day during their stay in tbe
bouse, and this regulation extends to tbe Governors them
selves. Tbe following are tbe present Physicians and Sur
geons to the Establishment. —
PHYSICIANS. SDRGEONS.
W. M. THACKERAY, M.D. Camb. G. ROWLANDS. ^^1
J. M. B. PIGOT, M. D. Edinb.
C. WHITTELL, M. D. Glasg.
L. JONES, M. D. Glasg.
R. BVTHEIX, HOUSE SURGEON AND APOTHECARY
THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, was founded by King
Henry VIH. for 24 boys, to be appointed by the Deau and
Chapter; none are admitted under nine years of age, and
continue only four years, unless a year of grace be allowed
by tbe Dean. Tbe old Refectory of fhe Abbey is the pre
sent school room. By the founder's statutes, an under raas
ter was allowed, but by a regulation in 1814, tbe head mas
ter's salary was increased, on condition that he took tbe sole

S. N. BENNET T. ' ^ ^
T. BAGNALL. ^¦^'"
O. TITLE Y

public charities- blue COAT SCHOOl. 113
¦charge and instruction ofthe foundation scholars, and con
fined tbe number of bis private pujiils to six. The present
bead master is the llev. James Ireland, A. M, rector of
Thurstaston, and Minor Canon of the Cathedral.
THE BLUE COAT SCHOOL, near the Northgate,
was founded at the instigation of Bishop Stratford, in 170O,
by subscription, and the greater part of the present build
ing was erected in 17I7j at the joint expense of tbe Corpo
ration and the benefactors. Tbe ground whereon this
school is erected, was formerly occupied by tbe Hospi
tal of St. John, as mentioned in p. 87, and was with tbe
large play-yard, &c. on the west-side, conveyed to Tnistees,for
tbe especial purpose -to which it is now appropriated, by the
Mayor and "Corporation. At tbistime there are twenty-five
boys boarded, and cloatbed'in a blue uniform, wbo are aUow
ed to reraain from the age of twelve f o fourteen ; also sixty-
five day scholars, -called Green Caps, taught by tbe sarae
master, according to tbe plans of Bell and Lancaster, with
some alterations. The funds-^of this charity are derived from
several sources, as follows : — Tbe subscriptions for the year
•ending January 1, 1815, were 2351. ISs. Od. Dividend on
4001. stock, 5 per cent: Navy in the names of Roger
Barnston and Edward Holt, Esq.'s Ditto on 9501. stock, 3
per cent, cons, in the names of Roger Barnston, Ed
ward Holt, Esquires, and William Makepeace Thackeray,
Doctor of Physic. Ditto on 707I. 2s. 4d. of 3 per cent.
cons, in the naraes of Hugh Robert Hughes, Henry Hesketh,
Henry Potts, and Townshend Ince, Esquires. — Six Gui
neas a year from the Fund ofthe Musical Festival in 1783.
Interest of IpOOl. secured on the tolls of the Northop, and
3501, on the Wrexham turnpike roads. Interest of a 600I,,
O

114 PUTStlC CHAEtTlES— EI.UE GIRLS' Si^BOOI.
in tbe bands of tbe Corporation Of Chester. A rent charge
•nf 251. a year upon tbe Roodeyie, froiti the CorporatiDn, liy
tjieed of May lifet, !l7(^, in consideratibn of tlie sitra of SOOl.
then paid. Also 2li. a year from the Corporation for tfe'e
rejiairs of tbe building. A rent charge of 21. lOs. perann.
on laiids ih CHristleton, tbe prO|ierty bf 'Bell Ince, E^q. ^Iso
a retit charge of 2l. lOs. per arm. on pwrnises in Bridge^
.street and ComnJo&ball-lanej now the ^Iroperty of Mr. John
son ; thesfe two charges are by tbe will of John Witter, Esq.
of Frodsba'm, dated 22d February, 1721. A field nearly
opposite tbe first mile-stone en slilie Wreihaffl'i'oad, called
thfe Stubbs Hay, containiiig 7a. t)r. l'4p. statute itiebsure,
which lets for 4ll. per ann. Also another field, near the
Lead Woi'ks, called the-Sboulder of Mutton Fielld, contain
ing 3 a^ 3r. 8p. statute meiasore, now let for 1 71. per anil.
these two fields -were purfchased 'frotn Mr. Mather, in trust
for the school, by dteed of 28th Mai'ch, 1723. Four sifiill
pieces 6i l^nd in Boughton, ali'd as many dU'elHng bouses,
'which altogether let for 31'1. lOs.pei- ann. Arent cbapge of
I'l. pti-.anh. ton tbe 'tan-^yardof Mr. Richard Gorst. Collec
tions at the fjarish'cbuirobes in the city, which produced in
1814, tflte sum Oi 97I. 45. Ud. The expenses of this es-
tabMinient for the-year 1814, Were 6S7l. 6s, -lid. Tbfc
pVes6i»t m&ster -of tbe School ds Mr. Samuel Vienables, who
h&s a 'salaiy Of 70I. a year, a. good house, and convenient
offices, with aliberad aHowaUfcefbr eoffls> soap, and tSinldles.
THE 'BLUfe GIRL'S' SCHO0L.— This exfcellertt cTia-
rify is eatiducted infirely ufafler the direction of the ladi^
of the city. If'wa-s Wi^Yially e^tdbHsbed at the Palace, 'Oh
August '^tb, ']7l'8, by'subscri'p'tidti, "Tor teaching pti^r
gills IfO 're'ad 'Snd wr'ite,'riSf(^at'a'rid'Unaerfetand'<he'(ibui'A

poauc charities— BLUE girls' school. us
catechism, an,d to sew, knit, and spin ;'¦ at which time, it ap
pears from tbe recocds, that twenty poor girls we^e taught
and cfeathed, but not fed. On August 3d, 1719, six addi
tional girla ^vere admitted. On February 3d, 1778^. '* "'^
oidered " t^ac the number of girls be reduced to fifteen, six
of whom are to be taken into the House at bed and board,
and the other nine to be day scholars as before," In ISIOi
the present new School Hoqse was built, from benefijcfionB,
in St. Martins-iu-tbc Fields, on part of the ground belong--
ing to the Trustees of tbe lufiriuary, and granted by them
for tbat sole purpose, on a lease for ninety years, for the
sura of 61. per ann. At th-at time, the day scholars having
heen discontinued, twelve boarders were received into tftse
house, the number was afterwards incrsHsed to thirteen,
and subsequently to fourteen, in consequence of a legacy of
4001. from Mrs. Mary TAlvff by will dated Septomfcer
Utli, l?93. Ib February, 1S15, five additional giris
called probalioners, wei-e receiied as day scholars, who
are candidsites for any vacancies that occur, aoif mu?t
be -eleven year? of age. Two guineas ane given to each giul
on leaving school, and a fuptber bounty of one guinea, pro
vided she remain iu the sapie servicei for two- yuai-s.^-Tbe total
«xpepse «f tbis charity, foi- the year ending Cfcristnia?, 1814,
was 2251. 7«. id. Tbe anuual subgoriptions received in 1814,
araounted to lOgl. 2s. and from tbe collection at churches
61. 6s. This cb'^iitybas also IQOl. se<!ur«d on the bond of
tbe J^te m§, H,epgl??w; 42f^, 00 rijpi-tg3ge witji Mr,. Ai ^¦
I^i^ker; 84|q},, on dHlP ^'tfe M^. Price PithgU; 2qQ>. ifn
ditto yyhk M>'. TljL¥j|Rby:i, lOQl. on the,Wbiii!c|^(t|'qli t,p/,-
pjkP; and (.to I|?<?,v,23, m^) eoU- 8s. J,Qf ^mkiin tl«.f
,,;e.r pent, Navy, wstjed \n th^ M?j)fi,s of, Ed^vijrd HpU,

116 PUBLIC charities — benevolent institution.

THE BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION, for. the deli-
very of poor raarried lying-in women, at their own bouses,
was established in the year 1 798, by Mr. Rowlands, surgeon,
aided by tbe Ladies '0.£,Ches;ter arid its vicinity, from wbich
time to 1 8.12, he was the sole superintending accoucheur,
when Mr. Hill, Mr. J. Harrison, Mr. Bennett, Mr. G. Har
rison, Mr. Bromfield, Mr.;Bagnall, Mr-. Davies, and Mr.
Titley, Surgeons, vvere also appointed. These gentlemen
attend tbe charity in monthly rotation, superintend the mid
wifes, and give professional assistance when requisite. —
Every annual subscriber, of half a guinea has tbe privilege
of recommending one pooii woraan for the benefits of the
charity, and more jafter the same rate. The patients are
furnished with- the necessary articles', of linen, sheets, &c.
during tlifiir confinement;, with two pounds of sugar; a
quarter of a, pound of tea, and a pound of soap each, but no-
ether provision, for food, except from, the private assistance
©f the recoraraenders.. Baby cloaths are found in cases of
great poverfy, and the children are expected to be vacci
nated within the raonth. The. number of poor women de
livered- in the year 1814, was 276, and the total expense.
of tbe Listitution for that period 1741. Os. Id. The annued
subscription amounted to 1331. 14s, Od. and the charity has
,1.4381, 16s, 8d'. ^tockof 3 percent, cous. to Nov. 23, 1815,
vested in the naraes of the Rev. Chades Mytton, the Rev.
Thomas Maddoqk, MaseJeTaylor, &; Griffith Rowlands, Esq,
THE DIOCESAN SCHOOL INSTITUTION was esta
blished Jau. 2, 1812, by public subscription, under the patro
nage ofthe Bishop of Chester. Tbe object arid design of the
Institution is to promote theeducation of poor children, in tbe
principles of the Established Church, within the Diocese of
Chester, by the formation and encouragement of new schools,

public charities— diocesan institution, 117
and the remodelling. of old ones if necessary^ to be conduct
ed on the- Madras systera, and in uniou witb the National
Insfitnf ion, established in London. Itis also designed fo afford
pecuniary aid to tbose schools which most need it ; to
supply the schools under its care witb proper books ; and
when a Central School shall have been sufficiently established,
to furnish Teachers, acquainted with tbe new systera, and
capable of arranging or conducting a school ; also to receive
and instruct persons who wish to become acquainted
witb the new mode of teaching. A school was imme
diately forraed on the above plan, and a temporary room
taken for the purpose. The Institution, in pursuance of the
original Object, is now building, in George-street, near the
Blue Coat School, a large and coraraodious school-room, 80
feet long by 33 wide, whicb will be capable of containing
near 400 children ; also a house for tbe master adjoining.
Sub- committees and corresponding members, have been ap
poiuted in various distant parts of tbe Diocese, acting under
the direction of fhe Right Reverend the Bishop, and the
central Committee of Chesttr. The Rev. T. Armitstead is
tbe Secretary of tbe Institution, fo whom all inquiries and
communications are to be addressed,
THE ALMS HOUSES in Pepper-street, were founded
by William Jones, Esq. of the Middle Temple, London.
He, by deed dated ISth July, l658, assigned certain lands,
&c. in tbe parish of St. Michael, in Chester, and a croft or
field in Claverton, near Chester, fo whicb were afterwards
added some lands in Holt, county of Denbigh, " For four
poor men and six poor women, above fifty-five years of age,
unmarried,, decayed, and impotent .pers,ons, such as frequent
the public Wpr,ship of the Lord's Day and Holy Days, an,(l
are not guilty of any gross sin :" — tbe poor of St. Miehaei.s

118 ]^I!BLJ«l CWASITJE^'— ALMS HOUSES.
pavisfo are ?a be prefered oaj any vacs^ipy-^ ufltes-tUerosbould
be alfeaidy two of that pafjish in the honses. , The piifesent
revenue of tb* charity antiOiuats to tlp/e,sani of 861. IQg, Od.
The leases of tbe laads at Holt wiH expire in Feb. next,.
when some advance of their rents is. expected.. In 1782,
Mrs. Eltzabeth Potte-r left the interest of 40l. to the ten
poor persons ia these VwjuSes, as mentiojiedinSt, Michael's
chskrities, vide p. TJ. In the present ye£(r 1815, Ch^irles Good
win, Esq. died, and bequeathed, by will dated 1802, the sum
of IQOl. to tbe above charity. The Alms Honses .^nd ^be
revenues ^re by the founder's ordinance to be undej' t^e mar
Uftgeniont of seven trustees, arid vbenever the number iifiay
be, by death, reduced to fouv, the sqrvivors have ^ power to
elect othevs, so as tq fill up the number recording to the
founder's directions : one of wjiich mifst be an ancient or
thodox Minister, two Esquires, pnp Aldermf^n, one Attorney.
of tbe Exchequer. The present Trustees ace
REV. JOSEPH EATON, Minister.
BAGOT READ, j
ROGER BARNSTON, jEs<»piRES,
JOHN HALMVOOD, ^J-berman,
ROBERT B.4XTER, Attorney of the Exciie«uer,
THE ALMS HOUSES on (be south side of Common
hall-lane, in St. Bride's parish, formei'ly the Hospital of
St. Ursula, founded in 1533, by tbe Executors of Roger
Smith, for six poOr decayed persons who had been Alder
men and Common Council-men, or tbeir widows, and in-
default of any such, for other poor persons. In 1540, the-
Guild of St. Ursula gave 30d. a year to this Hospit-al :
it is now occupied by the widows ot freemeu, wbo only
receive a pension of ll. 0S. 8d. each, whicb is paid by
the Corporation.

TUfBtLICXtHAlBZITIES— OlTrGN JBNlES's CH&tRITV. 119
OWEN JONES'S CHARITY .—In tbe ^ear 1658,
Owen Jones, butcher, left some lands 'at Minora,
Denbighshire, idien valued at only 17I. a yeai', to thfe
jioar of tbe several city companies in 'rotation. In 1 'J^^-,
a lead mine -was kJisodvered -on the estate, wbibh between
-that year ahd '1777j cleai'isd 12,6061. the gt-eater jparf of
nvhitib was put out to interest, and the whole income of -ihe
charity is now above 400l. St ^-ear. The Mayor and Sheriffs,
-who are (he Trustees, fourid sbme difficultly in the .applica-*
*ibn of the increased income accordlngto thre donor's direc
tions, and iri consequence applied to the Court of Chancery
for instructions ; the distribation of the ebairity israowTe-
griljitted by a dettree bf thAt-GBurt. Inthe flrst place, it-di
rected the mode' of ' diviflirtg tbe arrears 'aniong'tbe 'peibrof
-Mie several 'c6*pahies,iand ftlso'pl-ovided,'""^hat'the'ful;ui'e
annual ibcotne -bf 'the -said^dh^rity funds, "afttfr dlloWing'to
.the said Trustees the legacies given by the Willof the said
Otveri Jories, and itheir' reasteriaMe experises'of tnaWageinent
•of trusts, and also allowing such sum or suras of raoriey, not
-exceeding in any ©rie'yis&r M. \vhicb'the Tt^stees may
thTnk>pr»per tD'advanee fair an'd ffowai'dS'efialbHrig'pOttr bro
thers to 'beat and draw witb their 'Jielp'ective cOriipanies,
shall be distributed araong tbe poor brothers of the several
-companies in rotation, pointed out by the testator's will,
and in such sums and prpportions, as the Trustees shall
think proper, according to tbeir several necessities, and
having regard to the circumstances of each poor brother
and bis family; but thaf no poor brother shall receive more
than 40l. in any one year : and when there is not in the
-company first in rotation, any poor brother, or not a suffi
cient number of poor brothers to exhaust tbe said annual
ancorae, when distributed according to the regulations above

120 . PUBLIC CHAHITIES — OWEN JONES's CHAKITY.
specified, tbat then tbe poor brothers in the company suc
ceeding next in rotation, one affer another, shall be relieved
in tbe like manner, so as to exhaust the said income, and
tbat the income of. the following year shall begin where it
ended in the year preceding, and when the distribution has
gone through all the corapanies, if shall ;begin again with
tbe first company," &c. The decree also, orders, " that an
account ofthe application and distribution of tbe said cha-
dty funds shall beikept in a book at theTown Office, where
any meraber of any ofthe companies shall, for one month
after notice in one of the Chester Newspapers, have the in
spection of the Said book; and tbat within one month after
tbe distribution ofthe charity,, an advertisement, shall bein-
¦serted in one, or both of fhe Chester Newspapers; that the
charity had been disti-ibuted, and specifying tbe account of
the monies distributed, and number, but not tbe names of
objects thereby relieved."
The clear annual income distributed for the year 1814,
was 370I. .
Tbere are several other cbaritable donations to tbe citi
zens, wbich are recorded under the portraits of tbeir respecr
tive donors in, tbe Council-room of/the Exchange.

THE, CITY -WALLS. 121

CITY WALLS

The Walls of Chester completely encircle the city,
-and being the only perfect specimen in Great Britain, are
justly the greatest object of curiosity to strangers, and of
• pride- and veneration to the citizens. Their circuit is about
one*mile three quarters and one hundred and one yards.
The wall is broad enough for two people to walk abreast
commodiously; and the battlements, which.forraerly were
seven or eight feet high, bave, for the pleasure of the .views,
beenlowered to'three or four feet. -Here is the fashionable
promenade of the belles and citizens of Chester ; here the
delightfully invigorating gales from the Dee and the Mersey,
give the former the roses for which tbey are famed, and
secure longevity to tbe latter ; here is -to be found every
variety of view which can charm the eye and lead tbe
imagination .from the cares of business; here, in half a
hour after the heaviest rain, a dry and pleasant walk, with
shelter at hand, is always to be found. The walls are built
of the common red sand stone of the city; it has been as
serted they were first erected hy Marius, who reigned about
A. D. 73. ;It seems, however, to be the more general opi
nion that they vvere primarily built by the. Romans, for to
this day indubitable traces of their masonry exist, and Ro
man coins have been found among the ruins. About the
year 9O8, ptbelfleda. Countess of Mercia, is said to have re-
^built the walls and added to their extent ; hut probably no
tmore than by surrounding the castle with thera, which before
Aertime stood without the walls, or rather, perhaps, formed

1 23 TBfB CITY -WAILS.

part of tbeir circuity' ; That fhe wa.lls' before the time of
Ethelfleda, joined fhe out works of the castle, is inferred
froratlie'remaiiiis of Ro^an masonry being found very near
it, both on tbe west and the south side. Bradshaw, the
Monk, records tbe liberality of Ethelfleda in bis uncouth
lines, as follows :-^-.- . ,, -.
Tlie year of our Lord ninf; hmidred andeight,
This ETaELFL,f;I)A, Duicfiess, With miclcte Royalty
Re-edified Chestek andfort'i/ied it full right : ,
Cliurch house and wall dec^aned pittiously ,
Thus brought Into' ruin was Che,ster city.
First by E-ruEi.FKiD, Xjni- of JJorxhumBerland,
And by Danes, North Wales vexing all England.
Alsoslie inlarged this old city
With 7tew mighty walls strong all ahout :
Almost by proportion double iu quantity.
To tlie farther budding brought without doubt,
She compassed in Castle^ enemy to hold out.
Tbe Walls were formerly fortified by Strong towers at pro
per intervafe, a'nd we know that the city must have been
a very strong hold, from the long sieges it has sustained, be
fore the use' of artiUery was bi'ooght ta such perfection as it
-itss attained irt ni'odern times. Jffostr of the towers are now
in a ruinous state, and several have been tompletcly demo-
li*Bed. The ancient gateways bave all been removed, and
beautiful raodern arches thrd^vn over the streets in their
places, so- as to render the circuit ofthe Wall' uninterrupted.
Thei-fe are four principal gktes; besides posterns in tbe walls
of Cbestei-> viz. tbe Bridgegate, Eastgate, Northgate, and
Watergate. The charge of keeping these was formeriy
¦i'eckon'eda most honorable office, and' tbey were held by ser-

mv WAlILS.^IHE BKiniOEGAIlB. )S3
jJeanty .nnder jthe: Earls, of Chester, wirth'oertain tolls payable
at each, as specified in an inquisition ittifcen in tihe year
1321. The custody of the gates, and the right of tolls pay
able at each, have at different tiraes been all piircbased by
the Corporation. In order more fully to explain the pre
sent state of tbe walls and gates to tbe coraprehension of
the stranger; an ideal circuit beginning from tbe Bridge-..
gate, a,nd, prbceeding round by. tbe Eastgate, will be most
satisfaetory.' THE BRIDGEGATE was in the custody of the Raby
family, in the reign of .Edward III. froin, whom it passed by
co-beiresses" to tbe NoVris's, of Speke, in Lancashire, and the
Troutbecks. The taOiety which beloriged to 't1ie 'Norris fa-
roily was purchased by the Corporation of Sir-Wntiamt?or-
ris, in 1.62,4; the other moiety wagpurobased from the Earl
of Shrewsbury, as TdjA-oseritative.of .the TroiMtbeekfe., in I.660,
when a suite of rooms in a house near 'the Bridge, (^11
vested in the 'Shrew^ury family) was reserved foi" tbe use of
tbe Earl and his heirs, whenever they should, visit Cbe^ter,.
-whieh bouse now belongs to, jJobn Jofiijson fiotginaave,
Esquire.. The present gate is a vei'y handisome modiesin structiire,
built at tbe expense of the CbrpOI'atioii, with inscriptions on
tjie north side as follows. (^0 a small comparttnent of mar
ble on the .east: —
"The Old Gate baving been long iacbtivetfietit. Was takeii
skcm-M A. D. MDCCLX;XX^,. , -.,,
' ¦ J'ose'ph Snow, Esquire., May6R
,„ ,Tb,.05B.a?, ,
Henry Hegy

..Amery, } > Ti-easureys.

124 CITY WALLS — THE BBIDGEGATE.
' ' ?
' 'lOn the west, to correspond with the above, is- another iji-
scripfionj as: follows : —
" This Gate was began April^MDCCLXXXIL
Pattison Ellaraes, Esquire, Mayor.
And finished December the same year,
Thomas Patton, Esquire, Mayor.
Tbomas Cotgreave, Esquire, f
Henry Hesketh, Esquire, j Murengers^
Joseph Turner, Architect."
Tbe first stone of this Gate was laiil with.greaf forra hy
Mr. Ellaraes, attended by the Corporation, and the ancient
and. honorable Society of , Freemasons. In tbe stone was
sunk a brass-plate, with the following (inscription :¦ —
Pattison Ellames, Esq. Mayor of this City, Ctester;
Laid this stone in the year of the Christian jEra, 1783,
As D. Provincial Grand Master of Free and Accepted Masons.
A numerous procession of Brethren attended.
A. L.. 5782. -
Thomas Cotgreave,. and ) ,, . ».,,
Henry Hesketh, J Esquires, Aldermen and M-urengers.
Joseph Turner, Architect.
" At this time Prance, Spain, and thc States of Holland, leagued
" with the British American Colonies (now in open -and ungrate-
" ful rebellion) are endeavouring the destruction of the empire of
" Britain ! her freedom ! her religion ! her laws ! and her honor !
" in support of which blessings,, her armies and^navies are bravely
" contending in every quarter ofthe Globe.— JUay the GodofAr-
" mies go forth with ihem,;." ,
The news from Rodney arriving, and the above being
engraved, tbe following was indorsed on the plate : —
" The great and joyful news was announced this day, ofthe Brl-
tteh fleet,, under the command of Admirals Hedney,. Hood^ an4

CITY WALLS — THE BRIDGEGATE. 125
Drake, having defeated the French flqet, in the West Indies, tak
ing the Firench Admiral De Grasse, and five ships ofthe line, and
sunk, qne. — The battle continued close and bloody for eleven
hours." From the Bridge-gate proceeding eastwards,' there fs
a noble vievv of the river Dee, and the picturesque banks of
Boughton ; on the right is a fine tract of land, called tbe
Earl's ;Eye, From this part of the wall, a convenient flight
of steps leads to tbe river ; they were erected by tbe Corpo
ration for the convenience of the family of Mr. Comber-
bach, then residing in a house near the river, i!l gratitude
for bis great exertions for tbe welfare of the city, during
the time he filled the honorable office of Recorder. These
steps, are now a great public convenience, leading to the
river, and to a delightful walk by its side, called the Groves.
Soon after passing the Recorder's steps, the wall turns
northward leading up a flight of eighteen well-built steps,
erected in the year ,1785, at tbe top ot wbich stands an an
cient Watch Tower. From hence you command a delight
ful view of the country, the insulated rock and ruined Cas
tle of Beeston, the Peckforton Hills, Bolesworth Castle,
Broxton Hills, and the beautifully wood-crowned Hill,
called, , Carden Cliff. From hence, passing along the wall
northward, the ancient Chureb of St, John, is to be seen on
the right. About two hundred yards from the last mention
ed tower, is a descent by some paltry steps to the Nine
Houses. Here the wall becomes inconveniently narrow
from the encroachment of buildings, and not unfrequently
very unpleasant from clouds of smoke issuing frora fhe fur
nace of a pipe-maker. Near tbis place is a postern gate,
formeriy called tbe Wolf or Wolfades Gate ; in tbe year
l60S, the old gate-way was removed, and a new one erect-

I'aG CITY WALLS — THE E.A8TaATE. .
ed, large enouigh ito admit carriages; it has ever since been
known by the name of tbe New Gatie. Fiiom hence, the
wall turns eastward a little way, and passing «n old Tower
called Thimbleby's, tbe new Methodist Chapel, and steps
leading to St. John-street^ it shortly reaches-
THE EASTGATE.--"Steps on tbe left lead to tbe East
gate-street, awd- those OB, the right over tbe gateway. The
Seirjeanty of the Old Eastf ate, witJi the buildings and houses
above and within, togetJher'w.iih otberlandsnear Chester, were
given by Edward I. to Henry Bradford, in exchange for the
manor of Bradford ; it was afteiwards in the Triissells, frotn
whom it descended to the Veres, Earls of Oxford, andpass-
ed to Sir Obristoplier Hatton, and to the Crew«s, witb
Brewer's Hall, a-nd other estates, which badbelonged to the
Bradfords -and 'Trussdls. The Keeper <yf this Gate was
bound l>y bis scrjeanty *o find a crannock awl a bushel for
measuring the salt brought in. Thp w^eights and iweasures
of tbe city are still iiisjiected iby the Serjeant of the Eastgate.
In 11662, John Crewe, Esq. wleased bis i>igilit'in tbe toills of
the Eastgate to tbe Cofiroration, in consideration of a rent
.charge of 21. rSs. 4d. on the Roodeye { bereserv-ed the custody
bf >tbe gate ami the adjoining shops and buildings, -with the
appoi-ntraclit cf tiie 'biaUiff or seijeant of tbe gate, and stipu
lated that his own eattle, carts, horses, &c. and those of his
heirs sbould be toll free. Tive appoimtment of the -serjeairt
is BOW vested in bis descendant. Lord Crewe. Tlie East-
gale was always esteemed the principal entrance tjp. the qity,,
(being tbat which froivted tbe great Watling-streiet i-oadfrom
Dover to Chester, Tbe olil gateway consisted oi"t\r-o wide
circular arches, foiined of very large stones, and no doubt of
Roman architecture ; the east side ivas covered wit% a large
tower oflaterwoi'kmans-bip, on the face of which were ydaced

CITY WALLS^IBE EJiSTGA-fE. 112.7
fowr sbietds; wiitb tbe af Hts of Edward III. and is said to have
been erected by bim.— .^Tlie old gate- way being inctinvenient,
'Was renvovtfd, and the present beautifal arch fbrOvpVi over the
street in 17618-9, at the chaa-ge of Richard, Lotd Grosve
nor. On AugilSf Sth; 1768, thie south-west corner stone
ofthe Eafstgate. arch was laid^by Alderman John Page, pro'
vineial Gra-nd Master of the Society of Freemiasons, attend-
e<l by four regular kxlge's ; likewise on tbe same day, the
Woi-shipful the Ma-yoi", Sberiffsi and Aldermen, laid the
notftb-wcst corner stone. Gn the east skfe the gate-w^y,
are tbe awmorial bearings of the Grosvenoi- faniily, andthe
following inscrqjtion : —
" ERUCTED AT THE EXPENSE OF RICHARD LORD
GROSTENORi MDCCXXIX."
Also on the west side, the City Arms ; and in a situation
-to correspond with the memorial on the east side, is
« BEGUN A. D. MDCCLXVIII. JOHN KELSALL, ESQ.
MAYOR. FINISHED A. D. MDCCLXIX. CHA.
BOSWELL, ESQ. MAYOR.
Thesummit of the ardi gives a- fine prospect of the East-
rgate-streeton one side, and the Foregate-sfreBt on the other.
There is a descent by convenient steps to the street on ths:
north side lhe gateway. 'Hie wall leads from hence due
north ; and isi a short space, the venerable Cathedral opens"
to view on the left. Much has beea done by the very
Reverend the Dean, Hugh Cholmondeley,'* for the restora-
*Tbe Editdr of this work regrets; that as the present sheet goes
to press, he hasito. record the dieath of tliis charitable,! humatie, and
public spirited man.— Hugh Cholmondeley, B. D. of Qrazen Nose
Coll. Ox. and P. S.A, Itean of Chester, and Htector both of Tkr-
porley and Barrow, in the Co. of Chester, died at the Rectory-
hdUSe" a't Tarporley, at eight o'clock on- the evening of Saturday
the astbof Nov. 1815. He was in his£brty-tbir(*year; being borm
-on.the 17tUofDec»1772.

138 CITY WALLS — THE EASTGATE.
tion of its decayed parts, but it still exhibits a miserable ex
ample ofthe perishable quality of its stone, atid causes a
vain regret that the excellent stone of the Manley quarry was
not known at the time of its erection. Having passed the
Cathedral, for a more particular account ;of wbich, see p. 59,
the wall in a few yards reaches tbe Abbey-street, at the end
of whicb is a postern, called the Cale-yards-gate, which ia
the reign of Edward I. was granted to tbe Abbot and Con
vent of St. Werburgb, as a way to their garden ; it is a
thorough-fare, wbich however is generally closed about nine
o'clock in the evening. , A little farther is a jirojecfion on
which formerly stood a Tower, vi-bere the Company of Sad
dler's used to meet ; this was taken dowu about the yeai-
1780. East of this place, beyond the Cow-lane, and where
part of Queen -street i« builtand the canal now runs, was .for
merly a meadow, called the Justing Croft, where the tilts
and tournaments in the days of chivalry, were formerly ce
lebrated. Passing on from Saddler's Tower, the Dean's Or
chard, (lately planted with ornamental trees) tbe garden,
and back of the Deanry corae in view on the left; also a
pleasant row of bouses fronting tbe east, situated in tbe
Abbey Green. On tbe right, is a very extensive view ofthe
Delamere Forest Hills, Frodsbam Cliff, Upton, Hdole, New
ton, Littleton, and Boughton, witb the large shot manufac
tory of Messrs. Walker & Co. on the hank of the canal. —
At the north-east angle of the walls, is placed the Phoenix,
or as it was formerly called Newton Tower ; it is adorned
with the arms of tbe several companies which used to meet
there, particularly the crest of the Painters' Company, thc
Phoenix." That unfortunate Monarch, Charles I. ascended
tliis Tower, attended by the Mayor, Sir Francis Gamul, and
Alderman Cooper, on September 27 tb, 1645, during the

CITY WALLS — THE NORTHGATE. 120

Battle of Rowton, or rather Waverton-heath, and had the
mortification to be a spectator of the defeat of his array,
-under Sir Marmaduke Langdale. From this place, the
wall takes a western direction to
THE NORTHGATE..— This Gate was always in tbe
custody of the Mayor and Citizens, who bad .(as stated in
tbe inquisition of 1321) a right to the tolls payable at it,
for whicb they were bound to watch the said gate, and the
prisoners of the Earl there confined, to keep the key of the
felons' gallows, ban^ up the condemned crirainals, execute
the sentence of pillory, and proclaim the ban of the Earl
within the city. Another record, entitled " the claims of
the citizens of Chester," states, that tbere were certain cus
tomary tenants of tbe city, sixteen in number, who by their
tenure were bound fo watch and bring up felons and thieves
rondemned, as well in the Court of Justiciary of Chester,
in the county there, as before the Mayor of Chester in full
crown mote, as far as the gallows, for their safe conduct
and charge, for which the said customary tenants had cer
tain pi'ivileges and exemptions. This record is without
date, "hut from tbe names of Sir Hugh Hulse and others,
wbo then possessed the houses to whijth these services were
attached, it proba'bly was -made about the fourteenth cen
tury. Some "houses in the city held by this -tenure, still pay
a composition of five shillings each, called execution or
gabel rent, in lieu of fhe aliove service, wbich is now per
formed by the City Sheriffs. There are other explana
tions given of the very extraordinaiy custom of the city
officers being obliged to execute tbe county criminals. — One
-is, tbat the citizens, jealous ofthe county executing within
iheir liberties^ rather than subnii,t to it, voluntarily look
Q

^_iLi.'»i,riii -I'lii, -i'[r,vniguliTj.-.s::j,..-'Li-M~_"ti:^'£'i"frn- .-^MaMiawi — irnwiMi i fiiiiiiiiri ¦¦mw
130 CITY Tf ALLS— THE NORTHGATE.
-ripon themselves that ditty. Antfthef, that it Was a
puni^hllient inflicted on the citizens for the rescue of
softie malefactors when passing through the city, to the
place of execution, and that the houses charged as
above, where those which belonged to the persons concem
ed In the rescue. Which of these accounts is Itue it may
he difficult to determine, bitt tbe fortlier seems to carry the
gteater appearance of }irabability. Tbe Northgate has now
•cfeased to be the situation Of tbe city prison ; it had long
been incommodious, and by no taeans secure ; a new one,
ttefefore, was built ifj an aify situation, on the west side
of the city, uiidef the directions of that eminent Architect,
Mi*. Hki'riSon, to Wllfch the prisoners were removed in tbe
year iSOS. In the sarae year, tbe old gatfe-way and prison
<<'ef6 dertlblisbed, ,atid tbe present hartdsO«& arch, of plain
Dotit arehitectorej erected at the charge of that niunificent
patron of the city, Eari Grbsvfenor. On the torth side tbe
gate, irt distinctly legible letters, is this insrtiiption : —
¦" J?ORtAM SEt'TENtiilONALEM SVBSTRVCTAM A
ROMANIS VETVSTATE JAlVl DILAPSAM IMPENSIS
SUIS AB INTEGRO RESTITYBNDAM CVRAYIT
ROBERTUS COMES GROSVENOR
A. n. GEOHGII TERTH LI."
And on fhe south side tbe following : 
" IKCHOATA GXJLIEtMO NEWeLL, ARM. JUAI.
MDCGOVIII.
PEliFECTA THOMA GROSVEiSrOll, ARM. MAL
MDCCCX.
taoiVtA HARRISON;, ASCHltECTO." '

CIIY 'JTALLS — TUB NORTHGATE. )3I
Pn each side the Gate are commodious steps leading to
the street. Eroai the summit of the gate-way is a delightful
view of the new inclosure of the Sands, now covered with
the mostlux-urianthei'bage; beyond,. is tlie manor of Blacon,
vvith its chamiingly situated house, the property of Lord
Crewe. On a clear day, tbe venerable Castle of Flint, Ho
lywell, and even tbe Light House at tbe point of Air
may be discerned. Near to the Northgate, on the
bank of the canal, is tbe Blue Coat School, men-tioned
before, at p 113, also the chapel of Littk St. John,
and a foot-bridge still remaining, by wbicb the city pri
soners formerly passed to Divine service. The wall
continues to the west on a declivity ; the most striking
and pleasiing view of the Welsh bills continuing to open
upon the spectator, shews tbe Castle, Viflagej and Church
of Hawarden, backetl by the mountains of Flint and Den-
bjgbsjaiii-e, ariMung which the Moel-famraa, surmounted by tlie
JubUee Monument, presealsitsetf; on the right, a flight of
stejis ,l.ead« ixp to- a platform called Morgan's Mount, com
raanding a »tili more extensive prospect than the wall. —
On (the left, are steps leading down to King-street, formerly
called Barn-lane. A -little farther is an ancient Tovi-er, for-
merly called Goblins or Dills Tower, this being in a ruinous
atatie, part of it was taken down, and tlite'remaiuderrepail--
edj, and for the convenience of the public, -suiTounded -with
stone seats^ duripg Hhe Mayoralty of the Earl of Derby,
who .died in the offioej 1702. This Tower now generally
known by the name of Pembertou's Parlour, lately disjilay-
e.d on itsfrant, some cxceillent carved woA in stone, which,
however, was unfortmnately alinast destroyed by some mis
chievous vagalbonds, in tJhe year 1813. On tbe left band is
» most luxuriant grass field., belonging to tbe Dean and

132 CITY WALLS — THB NOKTHGATE.
Chapter, .formerly called our Lady's, and the Barrow Field ;
here, it is said, an iramense number of human bodies 'were
buried, when the plague raged so severely in the cify. At
tbe north west.angle of the walls standsj what was forraerly
called Bonwaldesthorne's Tower, this is a thoroughfare to
theNew. or Water Tower,, by a descent of steps, andover
an old atch which formerly gave a passage- to horses and
carriages,, from the Watergate to the Sands, and Old Ha
ven. A stone pier, embattled on both sides,, runs out about
twenty yards from the wall to the New Tower, whicb still
retains this name, although built in the year 1322, by John
Helpstone, a mason, wbo contracted to build the same 2-*
yards high, and fen and a, half in diameter, for lOOl, ; it is
circular, aud has openings for cannon ; there were formerly
irou rings fixed to the wall where ships used to moor, but
these have long since been destroyed, and the tower itstlf
is fast falling to decay. At this angle of the walls is a pos
tern gate, which affords a foot-way to the inclosed Sandsj
as well as to tbe Liverpool Canal, the Tavern, and the
various Warehouses belonging to the Ellesmere and Chester
eanal. From hence to the river Mersey is about nine
miles, and fhe , canal in that distance is not interrupted by
a single lock. A large, clean, and commodious boat leaves
-tbe Canal Tavern every day, about two hours before high
water, for Liverpool. The passage along the canal is very
pleasant, and tbe sail down tbe Mersey particularly amus
ing ; the intercourse between Liverpool and Chester by fhis
conveyance is very great, aad the payment demanded for
the whole distance amounts only to the sura of half a crown.
Frora the AVater Tower, the wall proceeds directly south.
Tbe large piece of rich land under the wall, on the right,
is the property of the Corporation. On the left, is that ex-

CITY -WALLS — THE -WATERiEiATE. 133
cellent charity, tbe County Infirmary, already mentioned at
p. 1 10. Near to this is the City Jail, and a little farther
on the left band Stanley Place, consisting of very good new
bouses, and being in a pleasant airy situation, out of the
noise of the city, they are much sought after by genteel fa
milies. At tbe upper end Of Stanley Place, is tbe New Linen
Hall, built entirely for the purpose by the Irish Merchants,
In a short distance the wall reaches the West, or as it is
generally called
THE WAl ERGATE.— Tbe custody of this Gate he-
longed for several generations to the Earls of Derby ; it
was purchased by tbe Corporation about the year 1778.
The serjeant of tbis gate was bound to execute the Mayor's
processes on the river Dee. The present beautiful arch
was erected in the room of the old gate-way, in 1788-9;
tbe expense being defrayed out of fhe Murage Duties. On
tbe west side tbe gateway, bnt now illegible from the street
without tbe aid of a glass, is the following inscription ; —
" IN THE XXIX YEAR OF THE REIGN OF GEO. IIL
IN THE MARYOLTY OF JOHN HALLWOOD,
AND JOHN LEIGH, ESQUIRES,
THIS GATE WAS ERECTED.
eSwARD BURROWS?' Jesquires, MURENGERS.'
The view from this gate-way is very pleasing : on the
right is a regularly built street, called Crane-street. Little
more than a century ago, the sea at high water, overflowed
all the ground wbich the houses now occupy, washing up
to the Watergate. The Roodeye also is represented to
^lave been so much covered by th^ tide, " tbat the cross

134 CITY WALLS — THE BOODEYB.
seemed to stand in the water," and from tbis circnmstancer
fhe name probably originated, which has ever since been
applied to tbe ground reclaimed from the water. This ex
cellent piece of land, let by the Corporation as a coramon
pasture, as mentioned p. 87, perhaps keeps more cattle tlian
any o:tber in the county of the same size. The various city
games were formerly celebrated here,, concerning 'which,
tbere are raany curious records y of these, however, the
horse races, held fhe first whole week in May, are the only
reraains. The most remarkable account ot the old city
sports states, " Tbat whei-eas the companye and corpo-
lation of shoe-makers witliin the cittie of Chester, did
yearly, time out of memory of man, upon Tewsday, com
monly called Shrove Tewsday, or ofherwise Goteddessc'-
day at afternoon, at tbe cross njion the Roode-Dee, be
fore tbe Mayor of the same cittie, offer unto the company
of Drapers of the same cittie a ball of leather, called a
foot ball, of the value of 3s'. 4d. or thereabouts and by
reason of greate strife wbich did arise among the younge-
]iei'sons of tbe same citfiej mucb harra was done ;" It
was thought gpod, and ordered 10 Jan. 31 Hen. A^Ili.
(1539) by tbe Mayor, Aldermen, and Coramon Council,
with the consent of tbe whole occupation of drapers, sad
dlers, and shoemakers, tbat tbe sM occupation of shoema-
4.ere "shall give and deliver yearly to tbe said drapers before
tbe Mayor, at the said time and place, six silver gleaves,
r,ach of tbe value of a7d. or above, to be disposed.of at tbe
jileasure of the said Mayor and drapers, to him that shall
win a foot race before thera, on tbat or any other day ; and
that the saddlers (wbo have time out of mind, given and de-
liivered y«ariy at tbe same time and plage, eyery masterof
tlieni, unto the drapers^ before the Mayor, one painted ball

CITY WALLS — THE KOODEYE. 135
¦of wood, with floivea-s and arms, upon the point of a spear,
being goodly arrayed on horseback accordingly) shall hence
forth give and deliver to tbe said drapers, before the Mayor,
at the same time and place, upon horseback, abell of silver, to
the value of 3s. 4d. to be disposed of at tbe discretion ofthe
Mayor and drapers to bim that shall get the hOrse race on
that day ; and thaf every man that hath been married in tbe
said city since Shrove Tuesday then last past, shall then and
there alsOj deliver to tbe said drapers before tbe Mayor, an
arrow of silver, to tbe value of 5s. or above, instead of such
ball of silk and velvet, whicb such raarried men ought then
•to have given and delivered by the ancient custom of
tile said city, ((used time out of mind) which silver arrow
shall be disposed of by the Mayor and drapers, for the pre
ferment ofthe feat and exercise of shooting inthe long
bow, for avoiding tbe said inconvenience, any use or pre
scription to .the contrary notwithstanding : and also the
said drapers and their successors, shall keep yeariy their re-
.cfeation and drinking, as tbey have used to do, (time out
of mind) and that the shoemakers and saddlei-s, and persons
¦Jiereafter to be married, shall observe this order, upon pain
•of lOl. for every ofiencc, toties quoties, to be forfeited to the
.drapers according to ancient custom."
Tbe Shei-iSs of the city, in ancient times, used to shoot
-for a breakfast annually, on tlie Monday in Easter w«ek,
called blmck Monday. In the records of the fifteenth cen
tury, tbe manner of the diversion is thus described, " Tlie
t^o Sheriffes of tbe cittie doe shoot fbr a breakfasCe of
•calves-heads and baiconj comonly called the Sheriffes break-
-faste; the daye befm-e, the drqra soandetb through the
-eittie with a proclaination for all gentlemen, yeomen, and

136 CITY WALLS— THE ROODEYE.
good fellows, tbat will come with their bowes and arrowes
to fake parte with one Sherriffe or tbe other, and upOii
Monday morning on the Rode-dee, fhe Mayor, Sbreevesi
Aldermen, and any other gentelmen, that wol be tbere, the
one Sherife chosing one, and the other chosing another,
and s(5e of the archers; then one Sherife shotethy and the
other Sherife be shoteth to shade him, beinge at length
some twelve score : soe all tbe archers on one side to shote,
till it be shade, and soe till three sbutes he wonne, and then
all the winners' side goe up together firste, with arrowes
in their handes, and all tbe loosers with bowes in their
handes together, to the common ball of tbe cittie, where
the Mayor, Aldermen, and gentelmen, and the rest, take
part together ofthe said breakfast in loving manner; tbis
is yearly done, it being a comendable exercise, a good re
creation, and a loving assemblage." — In the year 1540, the
Sheriffs gave a piece of Plate value 131. 6s. 8d. to be run
for instead of the cave's-head breakfast. In l874, a reso
lution was entered in the Corporation Journals, " That the
calve's-bead feast was held by ancient custom and usage,
and was not to be at the pleasure of tbe Sheriffs and Leave-
lookers." In March 1 676-7, they were fined lOl. for not
keeping tbe calve's-bead feast. The Sheriffs do not now
keep the breakfast, but of late years, have given an annual
dinner, not, however, on any fixed , day. The City Plate
is now given out of the Corporation funds. Tbe prize's
run for by horses on the Roodeye the first whole week in
May, are as follows : — On Monday, tbe Produce Stakes
of 25 Guineas. — Two railes. — A Subscription Maiden Plate,
value 50l. — the best of heats, twice round tbe course. — A
Sweepstakes of 25 Guineas, for two years old, to run half a
mile.— On T0esday, the Eari of Chester's Plate of 100

CITY WALLS— THE ROODEYE. 137

"Guineas — one heat of three times round the course. Same
day. Sixty Guineas, clear, given hy the Members for the
¦city, for the best of two mile heats. — On Wednesday, the
Dee Stakes of 50 Guineas each, half forfeit, for three years
old, once round the course and a distance, A Sweepstakes
of 20 Guineas-each, p. p. for three years old, once round the
course and a-distance. On this day the Annual Cify Plate
of 60 Guineas, clear, is given by the Corporation, for tbe
-11681 of beats, three times round the course fo a heat. It
was formerly the custom of the Mayor and Corporation to
go in state, to see tbis plate contended for, wbicb they did
¦from a building near the Watergate, now removed ; tbe
Sheriffs of the city, are -still the judges of the race, hut
they used, when the Corporation attended, to be stationed
one in each chair, with their gowns and wandS; Alderman
Rowland Jones, was tbe first Mayor wbo broke through
the Corporation's attendance. — On Thursday, a Sweep
stakes of 20 Guineas each, p. p. for all ages, two miles.
The same day, a'Cup, value 70I. given by the Right Hon.
Earl Grosvenor, for the best of heats, three times round
•the course. — On Friday, a Handicap Stakes of 10 Gui
neas each, p. p. with 20 Guineas added by the Stewards ;
two miles. The same day, the Ladies' Purse, value 501.
for tbe best of heats, twice round the course to a heat.
Few, if any situations in ihe TCingdom, can afford such
advantages to spectators, as the Chester race course, every
foot of ground traversed by the horses being commanded
from the neighbouring walls, banks, and houses.
On tbe Roodeye, a little south of the Distance Chair,
M the remnant of an ancient stone cross, mentioned in the
R

489 WISV J(fA4Jt.S— 3E,HE -aoPDEyE.
foregoing ,ejx,trac}fs, jCOTpefiHing ,t}}e sp^iejit sports. Tlic
PiT^gip ,of jthis |Cr<jiss,jViasHd9,,ubtlesg,.at a veiy remote .period,
jytfeatey^r <ci(Sil''t w,e inay,gi,ye to-the Viulgar ti:aditioin which
f-gla^eg, ;tj!aj; jn ..^ -ysftr 9A,Sj Lady Trawstj .wife to :the
¦fig}{^/^giv oi ffaw^];^efif(i^^le, Jtvas §itprayieii$,ibefor$ a large
.W^qdesi /igjire cif ^Ijieyiiig^j^feefltJngjber.AO gend tbgui
^fOftj whp^ -Ae .igi^ge J^l up?© tlie jUdy ,,9^ killed (li^' ;
in consequence of )iv]hj<jb it j-yi^as ,disgr{i|Cgdj fti5^d,Jtiii;oWijijin|tiP
tbe river^ l?utt fliOft^ing up (tp .Cb^tej-j i^i|tiifthe-)tide, -yv^s left
,pe^ tbe walls, apd l^n-ied on,\t^e^p9,,tAV,i,th ^11 due forma^
ility, .by tlie piqiis gi^.z^M of -iCbester., |,be ^tuajt^ion J^eigig
,lio,nor,ed,by the .erection ,tjf this stope .cr,o§s, .wjtMicli |is ,al^0 4-e-
poi'ted to^ve^aidtlAe iqiipvjiirfg iflipriptj^n ,upojii it :?tt-
'';'-"= WHjt i^atoeB«f'si-ti)«ira(SiD stotot,
iCaitSf tDi'^ tljeir iBsnt^s ^t'D not tsropl^,
^ijjE! lilff ,<M05r m .((09 «A9W-"
'l^he qifflanp gfld ancient r,ecQ;rds bandeid do^yp Jlu'OHoh
'^1^ ffl.?,#'?n ,of ArcbdeacQij I^vgers-s l^'Jauvscripts, in jpipp
^fjgree c.pngr.ai the 9^oive extraqrdingij-y |[.)fi€icdo|e, bujt i,t
is tbye stajt^^d to have been ,.a woqdeji cri^ss, W,hipli ,ca,uv
ing the lady's death, was thrown into the sea, and floated
ju,p to Chester; alsjo thaf die said cross was with great so
lemnity placed in St. ,/fi/iH,'^ Church. After the Refprma-
^}PJ>> i,t js said, this cros^ was ponyertftd JRj,p a:blfl,ckfof
the Master of the. Qrammfir Jjcho^l to whjp his schol^r^ on,
" to such base uses do we come at last," and after some
tiiije >va? .cftjoijiiittfd ^o.|t-J}fi |lain|6fi Tljg r^al <grigii} qf this
.^•osg .must |J;jJJ, re^^n in .q^^Jfjfy.; althewgh it «g^i^

CII.T WSI,HS^^aW- !»«««'' GiVIlDS^. tQ'Sf
quite asi probable, thac it might- have Been otiiy an ancient
land-mark', as that i« should have been' intendisd to perpe
tuate- the meraory andEraeltyof "Tlie Hawarden Jfews."
On the left hnnd^ writhin. the. walla-,, oppositerthe Distance
Chair, is. a, larg« space of ground called the Nuns' Gar
den, which was fortneyly fhe site of the Nuniaiery of St.
Mar.y, and- said, to have, been founded, or pBobably onliy re
moved to this situatioDr,, by: Randal, Earl of Gbestieir. This<
estaUisfament coodnued till tbe dissolution^ o£the smaUep
Monastei-ies,; when, acjconding tb Dugdalej, ils- revenues did
not exceed, 661., 18s. 4d., Tbe sita of it' was giiantedin
1,541, to tbe 6i;erefons. Ib was lately the property of Edi-
wardi 0-. Wrench,. Esq,, who sold it toi the County,: in ordai!
to give raom fof the impr.«!veraentK and magnificent plan?
desig;ned by Mr. Harrison. From, this, part ©f. thft walls'
attiacommodious: descent, by the ancient Sally Port Stepsj
leads- to- a. delightful, walk by the river side, on what is palli!
edi the Roodeye Copi Soonaftei- paS|Sing, these steps, there
isa footway on the left, up to the Castle.. It forras a parlj
ef the grand design of Air.. Harrison, to build abi'idge from
the, rock on the opposite side of tbe river to' near, this situa>-
tion; so that the entrance to. tihe- cif y fronif Walesi would
be rendered, in^nitely more convenient fiom. being, perfectly
level,, and at the same time, strikingly beautiful:e-fronith»
natural view- on one sidej. and, the. finest specimen of archi
tectural skill on tbe other. Under and adjoining the Castle
wall, is a serai-circular stone excrescence, lately built for,
and now occupied as a powder- magazine ; independent of
its situation, under the. mouths of cannon, whi^h perhaps
is of little consequence, since tbey are never fired from
•Elieir prese/nt position,, the gunpowder is apt to become

140

CITY, WALLS — THE SHIP GATE.

damp, and tbe space in which the ammunition is opened
and occasionally dried,, within a hundred yards of a manu
factory for pyro-ligneous acid, and the blaze of a lime-kilni
The wall at this point, leaves its southern direction, and
makes an angle due- East, surrounding tbe Castle-dirch and
Gardens of the Store Reejier and Master Gunner of the
Castle, when it joins the outer wall of tlie County Prison ;•
on the right, are skinners' houses, not unfrequently very
offensive to passengers. At this part, the wall passes over
a very' curious and ancient postern, called- Ship Gate. —
Tbis was at one time, before the building of a bridge, the
only gate whicb admitted passengers frora Handbridge7 by
means of a ferry. It is a perfect specimen of Roman ma-
soniy, and seems to bave been very carefully preserved dur
ing the repairs of the adjoining walls. Several steps lead
from tbe gate down to' the river, and fhe name of Ship Gate,.
by which it is still known, was given to it, as tradition in
form us, because it was the coramon landing place from the
ferry, and also because ships of burden formerly were able
to come and unload near it. Since the building of the
bridge and its gate, the custody of this was comraitted to
the sarae serjeant, who, according to the inquisition of
1321, was dbliged to find locks and keys for this postei'n,
and a main to open and shut tbe same. From hence to the
Bridge Gate, is a very short distance, wbicb coropleats the
circuit ofthe walls,, and has been already mentioned.

PUBLIC BIHLbimoS — BRIDGE — CASTLE. l41

PIJBIilC BUILDINGS.

. THE BRIDGE . is a very old, narrow, and incon
venient structure; some accounts ha%'e stated it to bave
'.been bttilf by the celebrated Ethelfleda ; these, hovveveiv are
untriie; This celebrated lady did begin to build a bridge
of wood over the Dee, in the present situation, but did not
live to compleat it; after her death it was finished by her
brother Edward, who succeeded to the Government of the
Province. It is recorded in tbe "Notitia" of Bishop
Gastrell,'by eXti!acts from- :"i the Chronicle of the Abbey,"
that in 1227 " Pons "Cestriae totus cecidit ;" and again in
the same place it is 'Stated, .i" 1279, Mare erupit, pontem
'Cestrise confregib et'asportav'Jt,?' after this time it was pro
bably' built of stone, but the records concerning it are bar
ren. • Tbe pitesent Bridge consists of seven irregular arches,
evidently built or repaired at different times ; the south
part of it is -recorded to have been rebuilt;iu 1500. The
aS'cient -gEite's which stood -at. each end of the bridge were
taken down in 1782 and 1784. ¦¦'¦'¦
-,, THE CASTLE js situated on a hill in tbe south part of
the! city, but the. ground whereon it stands; was exempted
from the jurisdiction of the city Magistrates^ by the char
ter of Henry VIL, and confirmed by subsequent. Acts. The
Act' for- taking down and reTbuilding the County -Jail at
Chester, passed in 17S8;. and an Act to grant farther pow
ers to enlarge. the Castle precincts,, and improve the ap
proach to it, in,1807. Lately a very large additionibasbeen
made to the 'county property frora the purchase of conti-
^guous laijds by the Magistrates, fprthe'sake of;securing sufr

142 PUBLIC »CIL»ISGS — THE CASTLE. ¦
ficient space to carry forward the splendid improvements
partly effected, and still further designed, by their eminent
architect, Mr. Harrison. ^
The Gkamd Enthatscje to the Castle is situated in the '
center of a ssmi-circular sunk fence or fosse, 13 feet deep,-
and 3gO feet in diameter, cased with heWn stone, and
whicb is intended to Be surmounted with stone pedestals, at
equal distances, and the spaces filled with handsome cast
iron rails, forming the north-west boundary, of the castle--
yard or esplanade.
The, Entkance extends iir length t03-feet, arad in depth'
35 feet ; it consists of three paitts. : a cejsrter; and two wings ¦
or paviltOB«j( connected 'by short covered paKsag,es.; the'
whole is of Grecian Dbnie,, tbe center is a peristyle ftH-med
of ten. fluted; eolumns, 18- feet in height, and 3 feet in, dia
meter, with, their anti orpilasters, the caiTiage entrance beiog*
throagh the middle jnter-coliimraation and on each sideanotber
far. foot passengers. The entablature, is ero.wned with, a low
attic,, fovmed.'intoi ipanael^, and over the center of the two
fronts large tablets are placed, one of which is intended, for
an inscription, and tbe other for a bas relief. — The wings
resemble smalt open temples, and have porticos- of few co
lumns in front, and two 'witbin-, with their anti ; tbe roofs
terniinaiting ia ped&ments at eaeb endi The ceilings of the
different parts are ©utirely constfucted of stonei and^ are di
vided into compartments by stMse beams,, some of which
weif^b from fonir to five tons, oiinaigjentedi by caissons with
simple nioaldiugte, in the manner of tbose in the portico- of
the Temple of Theseus, at Athens. The -vehole is construct
ed with stone of a good quality and agreeable colour ; the
roofs and their covering being likewise of stone, such por-

PUBLIC BU.II.DINGe — THE CASTLE. 14S
-tions as appear, barmop-ise with the other parts of tbis
ebaste building, which may be regarded as the most suc
cessful imitation of pure X3i«cian architecture in these
Kingdoms.— The columns, miouldings, and plain ashler,
are worked and set with a precision which could not be ex-
- ceeded even in jnarble. jAll the columns nsed in the gate
way and the different buildings of the Castle, amounting to
;84, are each formed of a single stone. It will appear
¦to tbose acquainted vvith Grecian architecture, that the
Propylaea at Athens, may have given the idea of tbis en^
trance, as it certainly did to the designer of the Branden-
;-burgh Gate at Berlin, which, witb this in Chester, may be
considered as the only examples of the kind now in exist
ence. Although the architect of tbis gate raay bave availed
liinvself of the remains of that to tbe Acropolis at Athens,
¦which from its situation could only be for foot passenger?,
he has, without injuring the effect, by deviating from the
• Grecian .manner in using an arch, adapted this for carriages
:also, and given it so different and pleasing a form and dis-
^position, that it ^may bs confidently quoted as an example,
to shew, that however formal this style of architecture may
be thflugbt by some, it is by a skilful master, capable both
-of variety and picturesque effect. In this instanee, it seems
to have been in a great measure produced by the different
heights of the center ai)d wings, and the upper parts of them
being so detached by tbe low connecting buildings, as to
allow the doric entablatui-es to be continued uninterrupted,
as they always should he, round their respective buildings.
TKe vrestern sjd? of tjje Castle-yard or esplanade, is oc-
(PUpied by tl^e Aripoviry, aiid js capable of containing Mp»
iwarfls of 30,000 stand of arms ; the cxqellent state in which

144 PUBLIC BUILDINGS— TBE CASTLE.
every article of military store is kept, and the very coraplete
order ofthe arms, all ready- to be sent off at a moment's no
tice, witb tbe great exactness and regularity with which
this department is conducted, reflect the highest credit upon
the superintending ofiicer. Captain W. M. Henderson, Esq.
Store Keeper, and shew tbe skill . and activity of his very
intelligent master armourer, Mr. Faulkner.
The Eastem wing is chiefly occupied by the Barracks,
which were intended for, and very commodiously accommo
date, a hundred and twenty men, with their ofiicers. Be
hind the barracks is the Prfivost, surrounded by a yard,
wbich serves as an airing ground for the prisoners. These
two wings were erected and finished at fhe joint expense of
the county of Chester and tbe Crown ; the fronts of them
are each ornamented with fen Ionic columns, 23 feet 6 in
ches high, supporting a simple hut handsome entablature,
upon which is an attic that bides tbe roofs ; tbe designs for
tbe external parts wete all furnished by Mr. Harrison.
The southern side of the esplanade, presenting a stone
front of 310 feet in extent, is occupied-. by the Coun
ty Jail, Grand and Petty Jury- Rooms, Prothonotary's
Oflice, Militia Armoury, and situated in tbe center of tbe
whole, is the magnificent Hall of Justice : before the latter is
a Portico, with twelve stupendous pillars, in double rows,
each of wbich is twenty-two feet in height, and three feet
one inch and a half in diameter/liewn out of a single stone,
from the Manley quarry. Tbe ceiling, roof, and covering,
are constructed of the sarae stone, no tiraber being used
throughout the whole. The Hall itself is of a semi-circu-
cular form, eighty feet itt diameter, forty-four high, and
including the recess for the Judges, fifty feet in width :

PUBLIC BUILDINGS — THE CASTLE. 145
round the extreme part, of the semi ^circle, is a cotonade
of twelve Ionic colurans, each of a single stone, twenty-two
feet high, supporting a semi-dome, divided into large deep
and. bold caissons or coffers, in the center of each is an or-
namentaL rose, which opening to the roof, serves tbe useful
purpose of ventilating the whole of the Court to any
degree requisite. The Bench of tbe Chief Justice is in
the center of the large recess, the- seats for the Grand and
Petty Juries on the right and left, the Counsellors' seats are
a little lower ; the Prisoner's Box is on tbe same level, from
whence tbere is a commodious passage under the Hall, to
the Jail, by which nieans there is no noise or confusion in
lhe bringing to, or removing prisoners from, the Court ; from
tbe prisoners box is a gradual and regular elevation, by cir
cular steps throngh the whole Court, to tbe base of the Ionic
pillars, which form the colonade. By this plauj upwards of
a thousand, spectators may have a perfect view, of the Court,
Prisoners, and Witnesses. From its simple form and chaste
«ty1e of architectiire, shewed to thebest advantage, by being
lighted from above, this Ha'l has an imposing effect upon
fhe spectator, and gives a proper dignity to the Seat of Jus-.-
tice. Besides the grand center-entrance to the Hallthrougb
tbe Portico, on each side is another, ailso communicating
with the Bench, the Court, and the different Juryrrooms.
The entrance to tbe County Prison is on the east side of
the Portico. It is from tbe nature of tbe ground built on
two levels. The upper line of building on tbe east side
consists of the turnkey's rooras ; the large and airy yard
of tbe male debtors, viiih their day-rooms and sleeping-
rooms ; on the west side the female debtors' roonis and
court-yard,, with the prison Hospital adjoining, BjJth
S

146 PUBLIC BUILDINGS — THE CASTLE.
these yai-ds, from their elevated situation, command a de-^
lightful view of the fine ruins of Beeston Castle, the Peck
forton, Broxton, and Carden Hills, &c. through the iron
rails, whicb prevent the debtors from overlooking tbe court
yards on tbe lower level, which are appropriated to the felons.
In the center is the Jailor's house, projecting from the line of
tbe upper level, so as to completely command a view of every
jiart of tbe prison. The Chapel of the prison is between
the upper and lower level, under the Jailor's bouse, and in tbe
¦same semi-circufer form ; it is sb skilfully contrived as to
receive fhe debtors in a gallery, a very few steps only be
low tbe line of tbeir own court,", while the criminals are
seated in the inferior part, whieh is a few steps above ihe
line .of their courts and cells ; in tbe center, near the cler
gyman, are seats for tlie family of the Jailor, and his domes
tics. — On the lower level, and immediately under the ex
treme line of the upper, are the cells for solitary confine
ment and conderaned criminals; also the very complete
cold aud warm baths, in which every'prisoner commifted,
is raade to wash himself, bis cloaths taken-away, stearaed
and stoved, in an excellent apparatus for the purpose, hira
self clad in tbe jail dress, and bis own apparel carefully
preserved, to be put on at tbe day ofhis trial. In a semi-
octagon arrangement of the lower level under the Jailor's
house, are five large air^ yards for felons, each containing a
pump and trough; and all of them having their distinct
day-rooms and sleeping cells; the whole being traversed bv
an area or passage completely round, and again inclosed by
the thick and lofty exterior stone wall, forming the boun
dary of tbe prison.— These useful and highly ornamental
buildings, not only raise our admiration of the architect,
;b.ut .must command the grateful thanks of thepublLc to

. PUBLIC BUILDINGS — THE CASILE. 147
.those Counfy Magisiti-ates who selected'the designs for them',
and have gramted the means of prosecuting and completing
-the expensive undertaking. To detail fhe points of archi
tectural skill to be met : with in this chef d'oeuvre of Mr.
Harrison, is beyond tbe design; even were it in tbe power,
of the aufbof of this little wOrk. Tbe debtors as well as
criminals confined in tbis Jail, are all under tbe charge and
authority ' of the Constable or Jailor, the County Sheriff
having' no authority over them ; the ofiice is held by patent
¦from the crown.
The ancient upper ward,, oi- Balliurft of tlie Castle, remains,
except the gateway, -wbicb sepauated tbe two wards, and a
greater part of tbe north-east side taken down about 1805i
The venerable massy Tower, called Julius Csesar's is still in
tire; if was lately bccopied as a Magazine, and is still used as
a store-house :,.in this Tower is the Chapely, previously menti
oned at p. 92;; it is an upper chamber, -and is aboiit 1 9 feet
by 16, aind about Ig feel high, with a vaulted and gi-oineil
roofof stone ; the groins springfrOra slender-pillars with capi
tals, in the sfyle of the twelfth century ; on one side is a plain
pointed- recess in tl^^ wall, the back of whicli appears; to
have been ornamented with painting ; tbe ^tone steps lead-
¦iri^ to -this eurious chamber, .having been neariy worn ^way,
..some coramodiious wooden stairs bave lately been ei'ected,
and an entrance cut throngh the solid masonry opppsi.te the
former. On the -north, side ;of tbe upper -ward i^ the de
lightful residence of the Store Keeper, and ajlj.oining are
various :woi-k-rooro6 for his. arroouiWs and labourers.
.' . ! ::i>'.} , . ,¦,,',--,/., ., ¦
The South sit^,is, occupied by Of^cei's', Barracks, and,tbe
aparfipents of.tb/ Justices,' wbo always i,id|abit,tbem_|lM^^^^

148 PUBLIC BUILDINGS — THE EXCHANGE.
the Assizes. Tbe Chief Justice is the military commander
of the garrison the moraent he enters the Castle, and the
officer of tbe day regularly waits upon him to receive the
watch iword, and take his commands.
THE EXCHANGE is situated on the west side of
Nortbgate-street, opposite the Bishop's Palace. It was be
gun iu 1695, and finished in 1698, is chiefly built of brick,
and partly on stone pillars, baving a spacious and corarao
dious thorough-fare for foot passengers frora north to.soutlt,
and openings for the use of tbe citizens and purposes of
traffic, in the center aiJd eaSt, also formerly on the west side,
but in the year 1756, to support tbe building, which was
oonsidered to be in danger, the shop were built, by which
itis still occupied. On the south front, in the center ofthe
building, is a iful! sized, well executed stone statue of
©ueen Anne, in her coronation robes 5 she is now much mu
tilated, ha'ving lost also the globe and sceptre whicb she
formeriy held ; tbis mischief has been. com mitted at theelec-
tions, hythe party hostile to the Corporation, it being a dis-
'graceful whim ofthe mob at (those times to .peltit; the in
jury to tbis statue and tbe other sculpture, was chiefly
done in the election of 1784, and partly in that of 1813.
On the west side of Queen Anne, is a tablet containing the
Royal Arms of England, as borne before the introductiMi
of tbe quarterings of tbe House of Hanover - on the east
side is a similar tablet, and on a circular shield in the cen
ter, the Arms of the Earidom; above .them, first, those of
the Principality of Wales, tb? Eari's leading title ; se
condly the Coat of his Duchy of Cornwall, each having
tbeir proper coronets over them; beneath are two dragons
as supporters, {though not placed in the usual position)

TUBLIC BUILDINGS — TBE EXCHANG-E. 149
each holding in his paw an ostrich feather, alluding to the
plume 'borne hy tbe King of Bohemia, and taken by Ed-
wai'd. Prince of Wales, and Eari of Chester, at the battle
of Ci-essy, in 1346 ; fhe dragons evidently refer to those of
ancient Britain, the cogniza'nce ofber Kings. The arrange-
ment in this tablet bears evident marks of heraldic science
and intelligenoe, and was probably furnished by Randal
Holmfe, who -was deputy to Norroy King at Arras, and died
in 1 707j being tbe last of tbe family, the meraory of which is,
as it ought to he, dear to the men of Chesbire. The arras of
the Earldom are those of Randal Blundeville, tbe sixth Earl
of Chester, and are thus blazoned :-;— Azure, a sword in
pale between three garbs, or wheat sheaves, proper ; hut
why tbe coat of this Earl was adopted to the exclusion of
that of the first Earl Hugh, is not ascertained. — The south
end of tbe building is occupied b.y tbe Banquet Room of
the Corporation; it is elegantly fitted up, has an orchestra
in its center, and is thirty-nine feet long from east fo west,
by twenty-six feet and a half. Tbe middle part of tbe
building is -occupied by the Court of Justice, where the City
Sessions are held, and the annual public Election of tha
Mayor, Sheriffs, &c. takes place, on the first Friday after
every 20th of October. The room is suflSciently large for
the purpose, arid the Court has lately been renewed and ren-"
dered more complete for tbe accoramodation of the Magis
trates, Juries, . Counsel, Witnesses, &e. Here are placed
several full length portraits of distinguished characters in
the city.. On each side the great south entrance is a Ba
ronet of the Grosvenor family, also one nearest on the east
side, all of them baving at different periods served tbe ofiice
of "Mayor of the city ¦ on the east side is also a portrait of
•Recorder Comberbad)^ and a space which ig intended ttibe

ISO-

PUBLIC BUILDINGS — THE EXCHANGE.

filled by one of the late highly respected Recorder,.Hugb
Leycester, Esq. At tbe north-east angle, is Recorder Sif
William Williams ; next Sir Harry Bunbury, who was
Member of Parliament for tbe city for upwards of two- and
twenty j'ears successively ; then John Egerton, Esq. one of
tbe Mayors ;, at the north west angle is Recorder Leving ; on
the west side Recorder Townshend ; and adjoining on the
same side; Tbomas Cholmondeley, Esq, Mayor of the city
in 1761.
Adjoining and coraraunicating with the Court of JiistTce,'
is the Council-roora, where the Mayor and Magistrates-
meet to hear coraplaints and transact public business ; the
room is ornamented by a splendid full length picture of
King George HI. in bis robes of state, presented to tbe Cor
poration by tbe present Earl Grosvenor ; also full portraits of
Richard, the first Lord Grosvenor, and of Thomas Grosve
nor, Esq. brother of the first Earl, one of the Representa
tives for the cily of Chester, in several successive Parlia
ments :' these two last portraits are in their full dress
robes as Mayors of Chester, and were paintfd by the ce
lebrated Benjamin AVest, in tbe year 17715' here also
is an accurate likeness of tbe present Right Honorable
Robert Earl Grosvenor, in bis full dress robes, as a Peer of
England, this was pai'nted by Jackson. On tbe south side
tbe room, there are portraits of several benefactor's to the
poor of the city, with tbeir difierent bequests and dona-
tious recorded underneath each, as follows verbatim : —
PORTRAIT OV WILUAM OFFLEY.

" William Offley Sheriff of this City, Anno 1517 by
two wifes had 26 Children-, of whom S' ; Thos; Ofiley y,-

public BUILDINGS — THE EXCHANGE. 151
eldest Son by y, 1 st Wife Eliz*. Dillon, was L"" "Mayor
of London Anno 1556, John Offley y 2"^, Son was Mayor
of this cify Anno 1553, Rob', Ofiley, the Eldest son hy y",
2nd Wife Eliz"', Wright, and Citizen of London by his
Will gave 500£ fo charitable uses in this City witb an
yearly'exbibition of 5=& towards tbe maintenance of a Scho
lar in the University being' y=. Son of a freeman of tbis
City and 5 towards y'', charge of his commencing M; A.
Hugh Offley a younger Son Aid. of London by his Will
gave 200o£' with an yearly rent of 5£ to cbaritable uses in
this City, Willm. Offley another -Son, Merch', of y=. Staple
and Citizen of London by Ann his Wife had 15 Children
and by his Will gave 3C0.f fo cbaritable uses in this City."

.PORTRAIT OF SIR THOMAS WHITE.

""Tbisworthy and pious Knight S'; Tho'; White Merch*,
Taylor was born in Hartfordsbire, and was Lord Mayor of
London Anno 1554 He was a great lover of Learning
founded many CoUedges and Schools, and gave great sums
of money to many Citys and Towns in England for divers
good uses and particularly 100^ to be paid once in every
24 years for ever to this City, to be lent ] 0 years Gratis,
to poor freemen especially Clothiers ; Tbe first lOOL was
paid Anno 1585."
PORTRAIT OF RICHARD HARRISOIST.

" Richard Harkison, Brewer, late one of y' Sheriffs of
this City of Chester, by his last Will and Testament, did

152^ PUBLIC BUILDINGS— THE EXCHANGE.
order and direct that his house call'd the Star and other
Buildings thereunto adjoining in the said City, should be
sold by his Ejcecutors Capt ; John Sparke, Mr. Rich''. Oul
ton, Mr. Bradford Thropp, and ' with the money thereby
raised. Lands in the Country to be purchased, and y"^ ; pro
fits thereof fo go to maintain Almsmen after tbe manner of
Mr. John "Vernon's Almsraen in the said City, & the said
Mr. Harrison's,, said Executors, have accordingly sold the
said House and Buildings, and with- the raoney thereby rais
ed have cloathed poor men witb Gowns and Badges, and
y" ; Interest of y' ; remainder of y^ ; said Money, is paid
quarterly to the said poor men till a convenient purchase
can be found out Anno Dili : 1606."

PORTRAIT OF OWEN JONES.

" Owen Jones, of Chester, Butcher, who died Anp-f,
1658, did by his last Will and Testanienf, give and be»
queathed to the poor of every Company of this City of
Chester, from year to year iu order as they are usually
ranked at Midsummer Shew the Tannefs being first and so
for the rest in their order till all fhe Companies in thei^
yearly turns shou'd bave enjoyed tbe same and then to be
gin again and so to proceed and continue for evet, the pro
fits and rents of all bis Lands and Mortgages in Cheshire
and Denbighshire, amounting to the value of 45 L. per
Ann, or tliereabouts to be employed for the use of tbe poor
ofthe said Companies yearly for ever, excepting Five pounds
yearly, wbich he thereby gave and bequeathed to the Mayor,
and Sheriffs of the City of Chester, for tbe time being to

PUBLIC BUILDINGS — THE EXCHANGE. 153
•wit 40s. to the Mayor to buy hira a Ring, and 30s. to .each
of the Shra-iffs for -theij- care in seeing this part of his WiH
performed, which is accordingly done, and to be continued
by the succeeding Mayors and Sheriffs of the said City of
Chester for ever." — Vide ji. lig.

PORTRAIT OF JOHN VERNON.

, " Mr. John "VERisiON,.Merchant ofthe Staple and Citizen
nf London, born in this City, left 8007-. to purchase Lands.-
Which bave been purchased accordingly, tbe Rents thereof
to be thus employ'd yearly for ever, viz. to ten decay'd
freeraen 60 years old Four Pounds a piece yearly, and a
Gown every three years, for an Annual Sermon 10s. to tbe
poor prisoners in the "Northgate and Castle to each place
'6s. 8d. for a Banquet in the Pentice 20s. & .then his Will
to be read, & the residue for other pious and good uses
therein mentioned. He likewise left 200L. to be employed
in Wool to set the-poor t6 work and gave this City divers
Pieces of -Plate weighing 156 Oun'."

-PORTR.4IT OF JOHN LANCASTER.

" John Lancaster of tbe City of Chester, Ironmon
ger, by bis last Will and Testament' did give and devise
all his Lands &c. in Shordley, Hope Owen or elsewhere,
iri com; Flint after the expiration of 14 yeW froifl the
time of bis death to the Mayor and Citizens of this City df
Chester for ever, for the intent that the Mayors and She
riffs for y° time being should set out y=, s*, Lands and
T

164 » PUBLIC BUILDINGS — THE EXCHANGE.
out of y° -rents and profits thereof pay unto 6 decayed'
Fi'eomen of tbjs City, ¦ to be chosen and continued by y" j '
Maypr and Sheriffs for the time being y"^; sura of 36L.!
yearly at Mi'cb'as and our Lady-day, by equal portions for'
-ever, y' charge of y'= gowns bein^ deducted; if y<= rents
wou'd so extend, or else to abate proportionahly, and upon
the death of any of y" s"* poor men, y= Mayor and Sheriffs
to chuse another so qualified as aforesaid, in his stead, and
the said 14 years being now expired Anno Dni I69O Fran
cis- Skellern y=; Mayor, Edward Parkington & Randle
BatllOe y=; Sheriffs, have set the said Lands and out ofthe
rents' and prbfits thereof have cloatb'd six poor ancient Ci
tizens with Gowns and Badges arid paid them the residue
thereof in money."" ¦ - ¦

'J»ORTRAI'r OF RICHARD Binjf.

¦•¦ ¦ • ¦^ ml , , , ¦  ,.'¦,, --.,.-
" RiCHD. Bird, of, the City of Sevil, in tlie Kingdom of
•Spain, Merch', son of Rich'' ; , Bird of this City Aldp ; and
Justice of Peace, after 23 years absence from his Native
•Country dyed at Sevil, AntfO Dni : 168I, He by his Will
bequeathed.65Q-L. Steri6;.to be disposed of in this City, the
place of his Nativity to charitable uses, wbich was accord
ingly performed ;by bis Brother Mr. Will-" j Bird .Meicb',
and Cap' Daniel Causton bis Executprs, and secured ta,
continue for ever, far the relief of , six poor Aged Citizens wh^.
are to be qualified chosen .appareil and provided for, in, all
respects according ; to .the RulesTandidiiections set do.wn;in
the last Will.and.,Testan]entof Mr. John "Vernon deeests&d
for bis Almsmenin this City.'' ., ,|

PUBLIC BUILDINGS — TUE ESCHANGE^ . 150

PORTRAIT OP RICHARD SNEYD;

" Ric{iAR,D Sneyd late of tlie City of Chester Cooper,
deceased did by his Will bearing date Nov', 15?'' 1773 he-
queRthed 120L. tbe Interest of it to be.applyed-yiea)'ly for
the relief of an, Ag?'! Citizen qualified and cbos.ed accord
ing to the Rules prescribed by Mri Jn" Vernon's AVill with,
respect to bis Almsmen which sum was paid into the Trea
sury Octob' 6"' 177'* by his Execwtors,"

PORTRAIT OF JOSEPH CREWE.

" Joseph Crewe Esa. one of the Aid", of this City by
his Will dated 19"" April 1799 ga'^efo the Mayor and Citizens.
120L,to be applied.in the maintenance of an aged Almsman,
to ,be qualified elected and chosen according to the direc-
rioa of Mr. Vernon's Will and by Codicil dated 1 8''' July
1800' gave 600L. to the said Mayor and Citizens In Trust
fo pay 30i. a year by quarterly payments equally amongst
tbe six Chapelryard Widows and directed the said Leg', to
be paid within, one month after his dpcease.— r-He d^ed 12""
January 180O." PORTRAIT OF WILLIAM LEWIS,

William Lewis, of Lyon House Stamford Hill in the
county of Mid.dlesex Psq. on the first February 1808 trans
ferred, into the names, ofthe Mayor & Citizens of his Na
tive Cify of Chester, 2q0l. 3^ p' ;, cent. Consols, in trust to
pay ; tbe Diyidends thereof on the IO"- February in, ev;ery
year, for evei'j unto, tjie^ )Vido;vv of a Freeman of the^'^id

156 PUBLIC BUILDINGS — CITY JAIL — ENGINE H-OUSE.
City having Three Children, under the Age of Twelve
years, standing in need of pecuniary assistance and never
having received relief frora any parish ; but if a Widow of
such description cannot be found, then to pay the said divi
dends to any deserving Widbw of a Freeman being 66 years
old. Or upwards, in straightened circumstances, and never
baving received sTicb relief as aforesaid."

THE CITY JAIL & HOUSE OF CORRECTION,
Built in 1807-8, are situated on the west side of tbe
city, near the Infirmary; tbey both compose oue uniform
brick building. Tbe Jail is the western part of the build
ing, and the enfrance in the center is of stone ; it is of Doric
architecture, and bas four handsome fluted columns in front.
The enfrance to the House of Correction from tbe East is
also stone : over it is tbe Drop where the county and city
criminals are executed ; it is of a very simple construc
tion, less liable to be deranged than others, equally easy to
be worked, and tbe possibility of any delay in the descent
of either side of tbe platforra, totally precluded. Each pri
son consists of four courts with the cells and day-rooms
adjoining ; in the center is a Chapel which serves for both
establishments, each having an entrance from their proper
sides. There are two distinct Keepers of the Prisons, and
the whole is under the super-intendance of fhe Cify Ma
gistrates. THE ENGINE HOUSE is situated on the' east side
of Northgate-street, adjoining tbe Bishop's Palace, and
nearly opposite the Exchange. Il was built at tbe charge
of fhe Duke of Ormond, when Lord Lieutenant of Irelandi
about the year l680 ; it is a very regular aud elegant strnc-

PUBLIC BUILDINGS — CUSTOM nOUSK— THEATKE. 157
tare composed chiefly of brick, but ornamented by highly
finished fluted Corinthian pilasters. It was inthe year 1812
inclosed from ' the street by handsome iron rails, and fhe
building itself covered witb the Roraan cement, very cor
rectly finished, and affording a perfect imitation of stone
work. This elegant building contains the large and ex
cellent Fire Engines belonging to the cify, they are exer
cised at proper tiraes, and kept in the raost efiicient state
by a person appointed by fhe Comniissioneis of the Police
who grant a liberal salary for tbe purpose.
THE CUSTOM HOUSE is situated on fhe north side
of Watergate-street, adjoining Trinity Church ; it is an an
cient structure, chiefly of brick, but partly of stone, having
several entrances, and evidently built or repaired at various
distant periods ; over one of tbe doors is an arraorial coat,
in a stone tablet, with three garbs (without tbe sword) and
the Earl's coronet above. The edifice, although more
than sufficient for the decayed Port of Chester, is a paltry
and unsightly building, intruding into tbe proper line of
tbe street several feet, and it is to be hoped tbe Commis
sioners of his Majesty's Customs will shew themselves
friendly to the improvement of tbe street, by taking fhe first
opportunity of throwing it back,
THE THEATRE is situated on the east side of North
gate-street; it was built upon the ruins ofthe old Chapel
of St. Nicholas, in the years 1772-3. It afterwards be
came a Royal 'Theatre by patent, dated l6th May, 1777,
granted to John Townshend, Esq. whose son John Sta
nislaus Townshend, Esq. of Trevallyn House, is the present
patentee. The Theatre itself is a small one, and the ea-

158 PUBLIC BUILDINGS — COMMERCIAL NE-«fS-IlOOM.
trance to; if narrovy and inconvenient;; the -price of admis
sion is 3s. 6d. fo the boxes, 2s. the pit, and Is. the. gallery,
at tbe above rate the house has contained upwards of 12C^.
Mr. , Crisp is the present tenant of the Theatre, and Mana
ger of the Company, but the popularity of theatrical amuse
ment seems very, much, on the decline in this city.
THE COMMERCIAL NEWS ROdM &' BUILD
INGS are situated in Northgate-street, adjoining St. Pe
ter's Cburch. Tbe beautiful and highly finished stone
front is of tbe Ionic order, affer the designs of Mr. Har
rison;' on a line with tbe street, are two very excellent
shops, above is the News Room, forty-five feet long, by
twenty-six wide, with a fire place at each end ; it is a re
markably liglit and pleasant room-; all the best London,
and many of the ProvincialNeWspapers, are taken, also the
various Magazines, Reviews, Journals, Lists, and Public
Records. Of this establishraent there are one hundred Pro-
])rietors ; no annual subscribers are adiriitted, but the ut
most facility is given to the introduction of strangers by
proprietors. According to tbe original rules, tbe Right
Hon. Robert Earl Grosvenor, and the Mayor bf tbe City,
ai-e honorary hiembers, and have the privilege of introduc
ing as many strangers as they think proper. Also the
Merabers of Parliament for the. Cify -and County; the Ge
neral commanding the district, and his Staff, have full li
berty to frequent the room. Tbe entrance to it is from
the west, with the Comrnittee Room on one side,. and on tbe
other the apartment where the papers are filed, and tbe-
Keeper of the room attends. Above these two and the en-
trance, is a very excellent room, let to th* proprietors of

PUBLIC BUUDINGS— LIBliAK^ — LINENBALL^-'-UNION HALL. J59
the'Public, or City Library. On the opposite side the Sourt
is the Comraercial Tavern, also belonging to the Proprietors'
of the News Room, i&c. ' \
THE CITY LIBRARY consists of a very large' and
choice selection of books, and is now, as above staited, con
tained in an excellent room of tbe Commercial Buildings,
having been removed there from its former situation in
White Friar's-street, in the spring of 1815. , The numhfer
of proprietors is at present a hundred and twenty, many of
them are also proprietors of the News Roora, &c. under-.
Death, but the two establishments are kept perfectly dis
tinct, and are each managed by different committees.
THE IRISH LINEN HALL is situated^on the north;
side of Watergate-street, and between Stanley-place and
Lower-lane; it .is an extensive brick: building, of a qua
drangular form, inclosing a spacious area. The Irish Li
nens vvere formerly exposed for sale in a building on the
east side of Northgate-street, neaj the Cathedral, and which
is still known by the narae of " 'The Old Linei) Hall." ,.Tbe
present Hall w.as built for the purpose by some of the prin
cipal of.the linen iBercha.nts,_ in 1778; it contains tliirty-
,^ix ^oulple, and, twenty-four single shops.
THE UNION HALL is on the south sside of Foregate-
¦sEreet; -it is a convenient, and regvilar quadrangular brick
building, a hundred ,and sixty-eight fe.etIong, ^nd ninety-,
two v^idej with an area, in its'center ; it was built in 1800,;
at the expense of ,tbe Manchester tradesmen and others, at-,
tending the" fairs, and contains sixty single, and ten double'

160 PUBLIC BUILDINGS— COMMEKCIAL HALL.
shops, besides tbe upper story, which is not divided into
shops, but chiefly occupied by the stalls of the Ycukshire
clothiers ; at tbe four angles are convenient flights of steps,,
communicating with every part of tbe building, and round
flie upper row of shops a covered gallery, supported by
wooden pillars, and affording a shelter from rain to fhe vi
sitors of fhe shops below.

THE COMMERCIAL HALL is situated on the north
side of Foregate-street, immediately opposite the Union
Hall. It has two entrances, one from Foregate-street, for
the accommodation of foot people; the other from CoW-
lane, whicb is extremely spacious andeonvenient for tbe
purpose of carts and carriages. The above Hall was erect
ed the beginning of 1815, and was first openied for tbe sale
of goods on the 5tb of July; in the same year. — It is a qua
drangular brick building, witb a large area in its center,
and occupies a space of ground of 52 yards by 21 ; if con
tains 56 single and 20 double shops' ; has a commodious
flight of steps at each angle leading to the upper and' double
tier of shops, which are traversed by two covered galleries,
supported by strong handsome cast iron pillars. Tbis Halt -
is frequented during the two fairs in July and October, by
tradespeople from London, Manchester, Nottingham, Der
by, BiVmingham, and Sheffield, when goods of every de
scription are exposed to sale by tbe wholesale and retail
manufacturers. This Hall was erected at tbe expense ^of
two individuals as a matter of speculation, built by Mr.
Lunt, of St. John' s-street, in this city, and was reared in the
short space of five weeks. The two roads to this Hall giye
it a decided superiority to the Union Hall, 'Which having

PUBLIC BUILDINGS — COUMEItCIAL HALL.

161

only one entrance, the people frequenting it are much
incommoded by carts and carriages. — The puhlic conveni
ence has heen materially improved hy the erection of this, as
well as the Union Hall, the merchandise of the different
tradesmen frequenting the fairs being formeriy dispersed
.through various jiarts of the city.

33

162 LOCAL GOVE«NMENT OF THE CITT.
9i\xdmt anD iHoDern
LOCAIi GOVEHNMENT OF THE CITY,
WITH THE ,
HISTOIIY OF THE CORPORATION.

If appears from the record of Domesday, tbat in tbe ele
venth century tbe immediate government of tbe city was
vested in twelve persons, selected from tbe vassals of theKing,
the Earl, and the Bishoji. Tbe several tines for each offence
and to whom tbe penalties were. paid, is also stated in the
record. The fine for bloodshed on certain holidays tbere
-specified, was 20s. and on other days 10s.;; for murder in a
house, tbe forfeiture of lands and goods, and tbe party to
be deemed an outlaw ; for manslaughter on tbose days,
41. ou other days 40s ; fof unchastity in a widow 20s. ; iu
an unmarried woraan 10s, ; for a rape, if comraitted in a
house, for robbery, or insurrection,- 46s. ; the making
false measure 4s. ; making bad ale tbe punishment of tbe
tumbrel, or a fine of 4s. ; tbe person in whose house a fire
broke out was subject to a fine, besides tbe payment of 5s.
to his next door neighbour.
Tbe Constable of Cheshire, who was Baron of Halton,
jeems to have had paramount authority, under the Earls,
of tbe city itself as well as tbe Earldom in general, but his
seems to have been more properiy a military command., and
the particular administration of justice appears to have
been committed to subordinate officers, as above stated.

LOCAL ^pyEB,NMEM7.o^ ^^E p.^^f^ iiOii
The regnlatioD of tlie trade ai^l merchandise of the city
was committed to 'a " Guild Mercatorie," by a cbar.tej-
from tbe first Eari Randal; and tJje liberties and privileges
were coi^firmed " sicut hactenus usifueriut,'" by tbe second
and third Earls of tbat name ; which three, charters are dis
tinctly mentioned, and said ,to have had, the seal ofthe
Earldom affixed.
Eahe John, the Sept, granted the same pow.e,rs,(;o the
Guild Mercatorie, " as freely as iu the time of bis Uncle
Rapdal.'-' Tbere was likewise a charter from King John,
in confiifination of other charters granted Iby KifiG Henky
11. which seems to .have related to the .Customs bef wteu.
Chester and Ireland.
KiKG Hjenry eh. granted three cbarters under the great
seal as King of Erogland .; , by bim the first Mayor was crer
ated after he took the Earldom of Chester into his own
hands, in the twenty-second year of his reign. .One of tbe
said charters shews that he had seen the former charters of
Randal, Earl .of Chester and Lincoln, and doth grant and
confirm, tbat none should buy and sell merchandise in the
city but citizens, except at tbe fairs mentioned in the char
ters of Randal, am^ he willeth that the ssiid citizens shall
liave tbe sarae frecdoras to them and their heirs for ever.—
An". 32". Hen. 111.
King Ed-ward T. appointed, the Mayor and Citizens
of Chester to furnish two ships to serve in his wars in Scdt-
"liiiid.^Ano 4o. Ed. I. '
The sarae King Edwakd I. confii-raed the former char
ters of his fi-thor Henky 311 andalsotbe charters of Ps

164 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OP THB CITY,

dal Earl of Chester, &c. and tbe sanje King, by tbe sarae
charter, gave the city of Chester, with the appurtenances',
liberties, and freedoms, to the citizens of Chester, and their
heirs, to he holden of liim and his heirs for ever, pay
ing yearly lOOl. ; he granted also the office of coroner,
and that the citizens should hare Socke, Sacke, Tole;
Theam, Infang-theof, Outfang-theof, and to be free through
out all his lands and domfnions of Tole, Passage, &c.
this charter was dated at York. — ^An", 28°. Ed. I.
Edwakd III. after reciting tbe said charter of King Ed
ward I. his grandfather, confirmed as well tbe former char
ters of the Earls, as also the said charter of Edward' I. —
This is dated Worcester, An". 1°. Ed. HI.
The same King again confirmed tbe former charters,
and further granted to the citizens the vacant grounds
within the city, with liberty to build upon the same. Da
ted, An°. 1""°. Ed. I.
The same King did by anotber charter confirra his for
mer, in fuller words and stronger language. An 25°. Ed. III.
Edwakd Prince oe Waxes, and Earl of Chester, son
of Edward III. and commonly called the Black Prince, did
by his charter, directed to the Mayor and citizens, grant
tbe fee farm of Chester, being a hundred pounds a year, to
the Earl of Arundell, for the term ofhis life.
The same Prince and Eari., also confirmed the for
mer liberties and charters, and particularly and distinctly
specified the boundaries of tbe city, viz. from a spot called
tbe lion Bridge, on tbe Bccleston-road across the Wrex-

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITV. 165
ham-road, to the Leach, then crossing Saltney Marsh,
near tbe second mile stone, and the river up to Blacon
Point, along the old course of the river turning up to Stone
Bridge, by the brook side, cross the Parkgate-road, up to
Bachepool, along the side of tbe brook to Flookersbrook,
then crossing the canal and tbe two turnpike roads to
London, down to tbe river side and up to Iron Bridge,
making a circuit of about eight miles. This charter also
gave to the Mayor and citizens the jurisdiction of the river
Dee, from Iron Bridge to ArnoId's-eye,nOw called the Red
Stones, near Hoylake, to whicb place the duty of the City
Coroner extends. Dated Ana. 28a. Ed. IH.
King Richard II. by his letters patent, shews the ruinous
state ofthe city and of the haven, and therefore released to
the citizens seventy-three pounds ten shillings and eight-
pence, parcel of the hundred pounds for tbe fee- farm reserv
ed by the charter of Edward I. for whicb the city was in
arrears, Ano. 1"°°. Rich. II.
The same King granted to tbe city, the profits of the
passage, towards the building and repairing the bridge of
the Dee. An". 2°. Rich. II.
The same King confirmed all former rights and privi
leges. An". 3°.
Also he granted to the citizens the murage for foui' years.
An". IS.
The same King granted to the citizens the profifs of
the murage duties, towards the reparation of the walls of
the city, for five years. An", ai""". Rich. H,

166 local GOVERNMENT OP THE CITY,
The same King Rj chard II. by the narae of King of
Engiland. and France, Lord of Ireland, Prince of Wales,
and Earl of, Chester, confirmed tlje former charters and li
berties in sbi'onger words ;- and under the seal of the Earl-
dora, erected it into a Principality, wbich title however
was annulled inthe following reign. An". 2?. Rich. II.
The same Kins, using tbe above sfyle, to remedy such
demunities as bad bapjiencd to the city, and for the furthe
rance of justice in the same city, did grant to his subjects.
Mayors, Sheriffs, and commonality of tbe said city, leave to
hold tbeir courts, and liraitted what processes tliey might
award in actions personal, felonies, appeals, processes of
outlawry, as at the comraon law. This charter carried great
authorify, was ui;der the seal of the Earldom, and dated
at Chester, the 4fh of Aug. An°. 22. Rich. II.
King Hknry IV. granted a pardon to the Mayor an^
citizens for tbe service and aid they bad given to Henry
Percy. An°. 5. Hen. IV.
Henry Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, eld
est son of King Henry IV. confirmed all former charters',
and gave the Mayor and citizens power to hold and enjoy
their ancient freedoms.
The same Henry, Prince and Earl, granted tbe
Mayor and Citizens, tbe profits of the Murage and Bridge
Tower, durante bene placito. An". 10. Hen. IV.
And in the third year of tbis King, a reservation of the
tythe of the Roodeye was by him confirmed, "itliaf the
Parson of Trinity sbould not have it."

¦ LOCAIl GOVERNMENT OP THE CITV. 167
King Henry VI. confirmed all former chavters. An. 4°.
The same King, by bis charter, stating the great con-r
eourse of strangers and others, with merchandise to Ches--
tfer, by reason of tlie goodness of the port, and the great
trade for victuals and other things, in and out of Wales, to
the great profit of the city, until the late rebellion, (whicb
seems to been tbat of Owen Glendower ; ) shewed bow the
-same port of Chester was lamentably decayed, by reason of
the abundance of sand, which had choaked the cre'ek, did
for these reasons release to the city lOl. ofthe fee farm,
reserved by Edward I. ; also be released parcel of tbe fee
farm for wbicb the -Sheriffs of tbe city were iij arrears be-
ifore the Auditor. An". 2iS°,
The same King Henry VI. did in tbe year 1450, by
his Parliaraent, holden at Leicester, oj-der a subsidy to be
levied upon tbe county of Chester. Thereupon the Abbots,
Priors, Clergy, Barons, Knights, Esquires, and Commona-
•lity of the county, petitioned against tbe same ; alleging
that it never had been customary to levy any subsidy by any
Parliament holden ^out of their own counfy. To wibich 'pe
tition tlie said King answered by letter dated at Westmlns*
ter, the Sth of March, in the 29th year of bisreign, direclted
to the Abbot of Chester, Sir Thomas Stanley, and Sir John
Mainwaring, saying that having learned die same besee«;hers
had not been charged before time by atttbority of any Parli
ament, holden out of the said county, with any fifteetith ©r
subsidy granted to 'hiin or any of his Progenitors in any
Parliaraent ; tbat they and each of tbem be diech-arg-
^ed from payraent of the said subsidy; and further wiU-
led, thatt the 'sa'id 'besefe'cbers, their 'successors and heirs

168 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OP TBE CITY.
have and enjey all their Jiiberties, Freedoms, and Franchises,
in as ample and large form as ever they had in his, or any of
his Progenitors days.
Edward IV. released 50l. of the said fee farm, which
must be either the former or some other arrears An°, 1,.
Ed. IV,
King H«nry VII. did in the first year of bisreign, re
mit for ever to the citizens of Chester, the sum of 80l. per
ann. being part ofthe fee farm rent; the remaining 20l. is
still paid. Also
The same Henry VII. did in the 21st year ofhis reign,
grant a very full, favorable, and important charter, which
has however by one of its provisons, caused mucb party
animosity in the city ; this charter instituted the office of
Recorder, erected the city into a county by itself, and grant
ed it to tbe citizens and comraonality, (excepting the castle)
to be governed by a corporation, whicb he empowered thera
to elect in the following terms : —
* " We will also, and give and grant for us, our heirs, and
" successors, to the above named citizens and comraona-
" lity, their heirs and successors, that they and their suc-
" cessors for ever, have power to elect, make, and create
" every successive year, twenty-four fellow citizens, of

* Volumus etu^m, damns et coneedimus pro noMs et heredihus vos-
tnsprefatts Czvibus ei CommumtaH, heredibus et successoHbus suU,
quod ipsi et succeosores sm imperpeiumn, singulis annis succesiivLi
viginti quatuor coneives civ:tclis%redicta; iijlderZaZ neTmn
tatisillms, ekgere, facere, et creare, possint .¦ qui quidem vijnii-
TeftZm 7 ''""Yf'^'«''' '"•men AlderJannZuZSti,
t'estna babeani et gerani imperpeiuum.''

r^vAf. ^VEiVJjJiiENT IM? thi: ciry, 169
" the said -city ;«foiffiaaid, for AUevmen ; as also forty other
'" citizens of tihe said oityj for the common Coi^nptl of the
" said , city, Wldcb. twenty-four citizens so chosen and
" created, shall for evei- -henceforth "have and hear the
¦" name of Aldeimen of Ae city ofCJiestert; outcif which
" twenty-four AJdernjein, one, by the unanimous-consent
" and asseiJt pf tbe Mayor, Aldefmen, Sherife, and the
'" pthej citizens ,Gf the common Council aforesaid, shall
'" he sbosen emd appointed Reccu-der of the qity afoaesaid.
" We will also, and grant for us and our be^rs, that the
'' aforesaid citizens and commonality, their iheirs and suc-
'' cessors, shall have, make, -and have power to .ohuse
'" iyom among ' ithemaelv;es every successive year for .ever,
¦'' a Mayor of thesakl city; and tliat -every Mayor ofthe
" said city for the'time being, so soon as he shall be cho-
'" sen and appoinitled Mayor of the city, be our escbeator,
'" and clerk of the market, &c. AU fellow citizens of the
" said city, subuphs, and hamlets, dwelling -within the gatd
¦" city, suburbs and haralets of the said city, wbo chuse to
'f be present at 'itbe election of' the Mayor, every year,
?' upon Friday next, after the Feast of St. Denni.s, -may
-" meet together' freely and without bindr-anoe, at the -Com-
" mon-ball- of tbe -said city, who there being >met, or tbe
" greater part-ef them,shall name two citizens, dwelling
" in the said "city, 'that are most sufficient, discreet, and
" best able (6f llie nuraber of the 24 Aldermen) in the
" said city, sijburhs, and villages, to be .chosen in form fol-
" lovying :-T-Eitber of tbem may or may not, heretofore,
'" ihave been Mayor or Shea-iffs of that jcity, and s^aill in no
¦" wise hav;e occupied tiie office of Sheriff, for the space of
" fthree yieaii'?, next preceding the Friday after tbe Eeast of
-"^ St. Dennis afocesaid j of which two so named, tlie greater
V

170 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY.
"¦'part^of the aforesaid Aldermen and Sheriffs then and tbere
'' present, by scrutiny^ shall name, chuse, and appoint one
" Mayor; and-if it so fall out, that in tbe election or norai-
'• nation of tbis one person for Mayor, the discordant voices
" be in inuraber -equal, then we will tbat the voice of the
" Mayor for thetime beiug, shatlbe taken and accounted
" for :two: but in chusing the Sheriffs of the city, tbis
" form shall be observed,, viz. : — Tbat tbe Mayor, Sheriffs,
" Aldermen, and other citizens of tbe said city and county,
-" dweUing ihere, ii they chuse to be present at'the elec-
" tion of such Sheriffs, may without contradiction, upon
-" Fridayinext; after the Feast-of St. Dennis, yearly assem-
" ble and raeet together ; when the Mayor, Sheriffs, and
" Aldermeti for theitime being, or tbe greater part di them
";tben and there personally being, shall the same day freely
" chuse an able and sufficient pel'soh for one Sheriff of the
"city.; and the other said -'fellow citizens, then and there
" present, or the greater part of them, one other able and
" sufficient person for the other Sheriff of the said city ;
" whicb two, so chosen Sheriffs of tbe said county and
" city, shall from the aforesaid Friday next, after the
" Feast of St, Dennis, for one whole year, be and re^
" main, &c.
This charter provides, that the Sheriffs shall hold weekly
-Courts to determine all pleas and assizes, by plaint, (with
out writ) coming before tbem, concerning all contracts
and cases arising within the city aforesaid, -If empowers
'the Mayor of this city and bis successors,! to bave their
sword carried before tbem with tbe point upwardsj(in the
absence of the King and his heirs) in the presence of all
4he Nobles and Lords of tbe realm of England. And tbit

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. 171
the Serjeants at raace of the Mayon and Sheriffs of the city,
and theiii' successors, for the time being, may.bear tJieir
maces gilt, or silver, or silvered,, and adorned, with the es
cutcheon and royal arms,, as well in the presence ofthe
King and bis heirs, as in tbe presence of bis consort, his
mother, and heirs and successors aforesaid, within tbe said
city. — The Mayor and bis' successors may chuse two citi
zens, to act as coroner for the King within the libertiesi.
Also the Mayor and citizens and their successors may
every year elect two citizens to be overseers- of the walls of
tbe city, called Murengers, and; that' tbey, thus chosen, may
every year collect and receive a- certain custom or subsidy,
called murage; towards the maintenance and building of
the walls, as of old it hath been levied in the said city. No
King's officers to- intei'meddle in thei-affairs of the city^ The
aforesaid Mayor, Aldermen,- and Sheriffs, raay in case ot
need and for the good of the citizens.; make bye laws, witb
the assent of the forty other fellow citizens-yearly chosen*,
in the manner before directed, as to them may seem expe-t
dient, so. that, however, these ordinances be profitable to
tbe King and- bis people, and agreeable to good, fai^b and
reason as aforesaid-i
It grants the Northgate Tow:er tothe Mayor and Sher
rift's for a prison, as in tirae past it bad been used- Also
grants the Fishery of the Dee to tlie citizens, and its cus
tody, from the use of unlawful nets and other devices fpr
the destruction of young fish, or in case ofany violation of
any statute already or hereafter to be enactedj to the-Mayor-
or Sheriffs of the city. Also that the Mayor and Recorder
of the city, and their successors for ever, and thpse Alder
men who hsve been Mayors of tlie city, as, also chose who

173 E6cAt GbVElllitoENT <*F -iPBE CI-f-Y.

bWeafefei- shall iSus'tBiin that burden. Shall SO long as thty
Shall be Aldeirina-n the're,* joilifly and sevefa;lly be fcieperS
cf the ipieaffce, wit-h'in and l?h*6ti|lif the libei-tite of the dfy^
WytB'but Sny 6ther commiissidn tb be given- ttieBi-, tiSfii,
t'llese letters fikeiit. Hit. Sc
Also tbat the citizens be norf in any. way restrained of
any privileges or ancien't custom"^ of the sarae city, but that
they audi their heri*. and successors keep all their liberties-
and free cbstoms perfect, dnd invio^late as at any time hercr
tofore tbey have doiie. That tbe afoi^talid Mayor and
citizens -&c. bave and hold the city hamlets and -Bubui-fes of
the same;, Vpit-h all. lands, tenements, profifs, commodtres,
escTieats; forfeits, deo^da'nds-, amferciaihents, flnesj and a cer-
taiiii custom called- miirage, ^ith all other rights and things
aforesaid, howsoever belohging or appertaining to the city.
&c. due to the King- and bis heirs, tbe Earls of Chester, as
fee farm bf him, his heirs and-snccessors, tbe Earls- of Ches
ter, -paying the aforesaid EaHs yearly^ ¦at the Exchequer of
Ghe'sfer, for the tenure of the premises,, twenty pounds of
isilver, and no more, at tbe Feast of Easter, 'artd St. Michael
the Archangel, by equal portions;. Also the Mayor, and ci
tizens may build upon all. the void places, and make the
iiibst, ifad reap the benefit thereof. "In Witness Whereof,-
'^e bave ctlhikd these dui'lefte'rs to be'ftiad'e -patent, witness
b'uryf at 'Cli'estler,.'the Siithtfaydf April, th'e tWfenty^first
yfe'ai- df dur i-'eign,"
This- bhatter of Henry VII, hafe the seal only of the-
Cbunty Palatine affixed.

» " 'gUimdiu Aidir'McfvM 'ibidem simeriiit.'

LO«Ai,^#VEHKHe«iV ef nn ettt, I'T^
K1S6 HfcNkY VIII* dinected his Iettef9 in parchment,
untei' his privy seal, **¦ the Mayor of the city, tjhai'glttg
tbat the ilihabilants should remain within the same for the
defence thereof; and not suffer any person by virtue of any
©f" his letters, to take away any men in the city, witbont
Ibey naehtioiied tba-i^voeatiou 6£ the said lettei-s so directed
¦80. t4re Msjaif.. •
The same King Henry VHI, by an Act passed in the
S7th yeat of his reign, the preamble to which states, that
justice had not been eq'ssllly dealt in the county of Chester,
^trr in Ibe several counties of Wales) as in other parts of
tbe I'eahn, enacted tbat for the fature. Justices tffthe Peace
sbould be appointed, in Chesbire and Wales, as in other
parts of the kingdora.
The Gounty Palatine of Chester having in foraier times
had a I^rliatnent of its own, sent no J-epresentati-ves to the
Pa^Maiaeot ofthe realm, but baving been abridged of some
aneient pi'ivileges, the inhabitants petitioned that tbey
might lite allowed to send theii- Knights and Burgesses td
f jitHaBaeril, in consequetiee of which petition it was enact--
*d, yn tbe 3.2d ysav. of the said King, that iin future two
Knights should be vetuined fo Parliament for the County
Pdlatitte, and two Borgisses for the city of Chester.
T-KE SAM« Kins, by an Act in the 33d year of his teign,
removed thfe Sanctoary from Mandliester to Chester. ^J'he
lAet Tesfei'ved a power to the Kingj that if it should appear
that ^Chester Was iBoit & fit place for a Sanctuary, be might
by bis pitHJlataatlon, appoint some other town of jilace in
its stelad. On tbepasBing of tbis Act, Hngh Alderscy, the

]ff4 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY.
Mayor, in 1541-2, accompanied by Mr. Foulk DuttOn,
went up with a petition to the King, and represented to
his Majesty thaf Chester being a port-town and situated on
the borders of Wales, was a- very unfit place for a Sanctu
ary for Malefactors, and that it would-be attended with
great inconvenience to the merchants and inhabitants ; the
King acceded to their petition, and by proclamation remove
ed the Sanctuary from Chester to Stafford.
Queen Elizabeth did by her letters patent, dated at
Westrainster, April the Sth, in the 6fh year of her reign,
confirra the charter of ber grandfather King Henry VIL—
Tbe Mayor and citizens baving in due form surrendered ab-
lolutely the above letters, patent, confirmatory of thq char
ter of Henry VIL.
The same Queen Elizabeth did on the I4tb of Junej.
in the iStli year of her reign, grant other letters patent
under the great seal of England, and did confirm and reca-
]»itulate verbatim the above mentioned charter of King
Henry VH. her grandfather, and did ordain that the sarae
be taken and accepted for tbe city chartei-, and moreover
did add to the same "tbat so oft as it shall fall out that
the Mayor or Sheriffs of the city aforesaid, or any of them
do die within tbe year pf tbeir offices, that the Aldermen,
citizens, and comraonality, who wish to be present at the
new election, may assemble and gather themselves together
in the Comraon Hall of the city, on, the Friday next, after
the death of the Mayor or Sheriffs, deceased, and then and
there tbey raay, and must chuse and appoint some one of
the most discreet and fit person in tbe nuraber of the 24
Aldermen, in Such manner and form as in fhe yearly elecs.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THB CITY. 175
'tion of tbe Mayor of the city aforesaid they are accustom
ed fo do; which Mayor, so chosen and made, shall, before
all the Aldermen present, take that oath wbich the Mayors
=of the city before were wont to take. And if the Mayor so
chosen and made be not present at the election, then on the
-Priday next after his coraing home, he shall take bis oath
hefore the aforesaid Aldermen, or at least four ot them in
tbe Comraon Hall aforesaid ; and after the death of every
Sheriff, deceasing as aforesaid, they shall elect and name
one, out of the forty who are the Coraraon Council of the
city aforesaid, for Sheriff, in such manner and form as in
the yearly election of 'Sheriffs in the year aforesaid, they
accustom to do; which Sheriff so chosen, shall take his
oath before the Mayor rhen being, and the Sheriffs so cho-
'»en shall continue in their offices from tbe day and tirae of
'the election aforesaid, until the Friday next, after the Feast
of St, Dennis, when they are wont to chuse new offi
cers." — Tbis -same charter goes on to give power to
the Mayor and citizens to hold lands, &c. to a certain
araount ; also it provides for the safe custody of the goods
of orphans (as in the city of London) by the Mayor and
citizens ; it grants a pardon to the Mayorand citizens, with
acquittance from all fines and forfeits for any improper ex
ercise of their liberties, franchises, jurisdiction, &c, — This
charter has the gi-eat seal of England, is dated I4fh June,
'•in the l6fh year of Elizabeth, and signed by tbe Queen her
self with the authority of Parliament,
King James I. in 1604, gave a confirmation of tbe char-
'Ster, wbich seeras to have been raerely complimentary. The
^ear following bis Majesty wished to nominate a Recorder,
iand .by bis letter to the Mayor, Aldermen and burgesses

17(6 LOCAL BOVEB-NMBNT OP IBB Cjry.
•dated Nov. Q/iA, in the 3d year of bis reigti, required tbem
-to elect Hugh Mainwaring, " givinge us therebie a testi-
monie of yo,ur conformitie to any thing yt is recommended
from us to you." This unoonstitn tional demand of James
was respeotfdiy btft firmly protested against by the Corpo^
ration of Chester, in a spiirited lettei', which for tbe honor
ofthe oify deserves to be tran-siiiiited to posterity-'."^
" To the Kinge'* -moste excellent M.^*Estie,
Most dreade and most gracious Sov'igne, Jn obedi^iee
of yo'r Ma'ties Jettej-s to us addressed dated xxijth of Nor
vember laste but delivered firs,te the tenntlj of this instanjt
-JaBJisry for the ejectinge of H^Jgbe Mainwairinge unto the
office of Recordier, wit-bin thi« citie w'.cb now is become
voied by tlie death of «ur late Recorder the vjth of tbi$
jnoufh. Wee the Maior Aldermen and CovfRsell of fhe said
citie unto whom the election belongeth assembled ourseltes
together upon receipte of yonr Highness said letters. But
forasBjueb as by flie said charter graated unto us by your
noble progMlitor Henrie vijth of blessed Memorie, and late-
lie coi]£rined by your Ma'tie noe person is eligible to that
office excepte be be one of the xxiiij Aldermen and none
tsiui be chosen an Alderman excepte ,be be first infranehised
and made a free citizen amongeste us, Sach the «aid Hnglie
Mainwaringe is -not nov ever came hither in person to, dcr
syre the same but is a meere stranger to as and the state xi
tbis incorporation for tbe observarion of w'ch Cb'.irter and
all other liberties granted to fhis Citie we bave taken our
corporate oathes. Wee tberefoii-e your Ma'ties most hum
ble and loyall subjectes cannot wilhout expresse breach of
our fikathes and infringinge of our liberties elect flie said
Hu^ie Mainwairinge tobe our Recorder; of wh'cb ow

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CIIY. 177
iuste excuse wee do most humbly beseeche your Ma'ties
gracious acceptacon. And that your Highness will be
pleased of your accustomed grace and clemencie to vouch
safe unto us our free election and fo give us leave to make
choise of a man' to that office who is capable thereof by our
Charter, whereof at tbis tyme tbere are div'se amongest us
whoe are akeadie' Aldermen of this Citie and such as bave
heretofore donne -good service to this Corporation, and
evrie waie fift for the place bofb for their learninge in tbe
lawes, their knovvledge and experience of our orders and li
berties, and their sinceritie in the frue religion. And wee
your Mai'ties moste loyall subjectes accordinge to our most
bounden duifies doe and will always upon tbe Knees of
-ourbartes praie to the almighfie God for the raost. happie
and prosperous state of your most excellente Ma'tie longe
raigne over us."
King, Charles I. had substantial proof of the loyalty of
tbe citizens ,of Chester, and the devotion of the Corporation
to his cause; he bad frequent correspondence with the
Mayor, but he does not appear. to have made any altera
tion in the local government, or to have passed any act par
ticularly affecting the city. From the unshaken fidelity and
couragious loyalty which the Corporation had evinced for
King Charles, the. Parliament on September 17th, iSsg,
passed a vote to dissolve it and take away its charter.
This, however, was in the February following, declared null
and void.
Oliver Crom-well,' as Lord Protector of the Common
wealth, did by bis letters patent, dated at Westrainster, on
the 23d of June, 1658, grant to the Mayor, Aldermen,
«nd Citizens of Chester, and tbeir suscessors, the Ho^pit-ai
W

178 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY.
of St. John the Baptist, and all lands &c. thereunto belong-^
ing, and ordered that Richard Minshull, then Mayor, and
his successors in office, should be the Masters and Keepers
of the said Hospital for the time being. This charter is
in English, highly ornamented, has a half length portrait
of the Protector, and is sealed with the great seal of the
Coramonwealth, on one side the arraorial quarterings, sup
porters, motto, &.C, and on the other an equestrian figure
of Cromwell; -the impression is remarkably well executed,
and in the most perfect preservation.
King Charles II. in the l6tb year of his reign, did
confirm tbe charter of Henry VII. aud renewed all the an*
'cient rights of the city.
The same King Charles II. did towards the latter end
of his reign, cause an information to be filed against tbe
Corporation of Chester, in tbenature of a quo warranto, with
a view to procure by sorae means or other, either the abso
lute destruction of the Corporation, or get the power of it
info tbe hands ofthe Crown ; this design it appears succeed
ed, for the Corporation suffered judgment to go by default,
not appearing to defend themselves, their franchises were
then seized into the King's hands, and in tbe term follow
ing there was a final judgment entered up against them by
¦which they were ousted Of the franchise of being the Cor-
potation of Chester, It appears tbey remained in tbis
state for a considerable time ; the final judgement having
been filed in Trinity term, the 36fh of Charles II.; on the
4th February following, two days only before the death of
the King, the new charter was granted. This deed of the
37th of Charles II. contained raany innovations, and secured

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. 179
the compleat command of the Corporation by the King, in-
asniucb as it reserved a right and jxiwer in the crown to
remove any of the corporate officers at ]>leasure, also it ex
cluded from the Corporation certain citizjens, who had ren
dered themselves obnoxious to tbp Court, Tbe important
provisions run in the following wflrds •,'—" Know ye, that
" for our great affection H;hicb we have and bear for our
" city of Chester, and the citizens of the sarae city, and io
" consideration of the good behaviour, great charges, aod
" expenses of tbe same city, and ofthe very grateful ser-
" vices by tbem many ways rendered to us, and our most
" dear beloved father of blessed memory, &c. — We 'will,
,&c. " that the said city (except our eastle and our Uberty
within tbe bounds -called Glaver's-stone) — " shall be naraed
and called for ever the connty of the city of Chester j
and that the citizens and inhabitants of tbe said city,
(Roger Whitley, Esq. Tbomas Whitley, son of the said
Roger, John Mainwari-ng, Esq William Williams, late Re
corder of tbe said city, George Booth, Eiq. William Street,
George Mainvvaring, and Michael Johnson,'* only excepted)
shall be one community and body corporate and politic,
in deed, name, and faict by tliemselves, and shall be called
* The followiBg passages out of Graj's PiMiliaineBtary Debates,
sufBcieotl^ e.Kplaili the reason of these exceptions .- —
P. 107.— February 22, 1688-9.— Colonel "Whitley.— " I know
not what rewards oihers have had but I have paid above 23,0001.
because I was tpld I voted ag-ainst the Ring in this house. I
was one of the Commissioners to disband the army. I would not
deliver up Chester Charier. I ata a aeigbbour and Alderman of
the city. These were my crimes."
P. 515.— Siu William Williams.—" In some Corporations of
600, who had a right to give consent lo a surrender, not above 34
were for it, and they pr-evaiiled. And bow came tbis abput ? Thi.s
was a packed common council by Lord Jeflries. There are 500
»tiH in being at Chester against the surrender."

180 LOCAL gotebnment of tbe city.

by the name ofthe Mayor, and citizens of the city of Ches--
ter." — " We will, raoreover, and by these presents for our
self, our heirs, and successors, do constitute, ordain, and de
clare, that upon Friday next, after the Feast ofSt. Dennis,
in every year, the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council
of tbe city aforesaid, or the greater part of them, may,
without any contradiction, asserable and meet together in
the common-hall of the city aforesaid, and tbat tbey so- as
sembled, or the greater part of them, may by scrutiny, no
minate and elect one Alderman of the city aforesaid, who
shall by no means bave served the office of Sheriff for three
years before the said Friday next, after the Feast of St.
Dennis immediately preceding, to be Mayor of tbe city
aforesaid, to continue in tbat office until another person
shall be nominated, elected, and raade in due form, in and
to the office of Mayor of the city aforesaid. And also two
of the comraon council of fhe cify aforesaid, who shall by
no means have served the office of Sheriff for three years —
to be Sheriffs — and to continue in office till two other per-^
sons shall — be chosen — also' two of fhe most discreet and
honest citizens — to be Coroners of the city^ — and further two
of the Aldermen — to be Surveyoiis of the walls — called Mu
rengers — also two otbei-s of tbe citizens to be Treasurers —
two others — of tbe citizens to be Leavelookers. — And if
the Mayor of tbe city die, or be amoved from office — in
any year — then and so often immediately after the death or
amoval — the Aldermen and Common-council of the city
may imraediately assemble — in the common-hall aforesaid
— and chuse one of the Aldermen to be Mayor — until Fri
day next after the Feast of St. Dennis ensuing— and further
if it shall happen at any such election as aforesaid — tbat
tbe votes shall be equal — then it is our will that fhe Mayor

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OP THE CITY. 181
— or his deputy— be taken and held for two votes. Pro
vided always, and we do by these presents reserve to our
selves, our heirs, and successors, full power and authority
frora tirae fo time, and at all tiraes hereafter — and as often
as we by any -such order in privy council made, shall de
clare any such Mayor, Recorder, Coraraon Clerk, or any
one or raore of the Aldermen, Comraon Council-men, She
riffs, Coi'oners, and Justices of fhe Peace, and any one or
more of them for the time being, fo be and become amoved
from his or their respective offices, tbat then and from
thenceforth the Mayor, Recorder, &c. and any one or more
of them for tbe time being so amoved, declared or to be de
clared amoved from tbeir respective offices, be and shall be,
in deed and, in fact, and without any further process, really
and to all intents and purposes whatsoever, amoved accord
ingly, and so from time to time as often as the case shall bap-
pen, any thing to tbe contrary thereof notwithstanding. ^a-
And further it shall and raay be lawful for tbe Mayor of
tbe city — being absent from the said city through sickness
or for reasonable cause, at his pleasure to make and con
stitute from time to time, one ofthe Aldermen ofthe city
wbo shall be a Justice of tbe Peace in tbe said city, to be
and become the Deputy of the said Mayor for the time be
ing, &c. if the Recorder be afflicted witb sickness, or be ab
sent from the city — it raay be lawful for the Recorder to
make and constitute one honest and discreet man skilled in
the laws of England, and wbo shall have been a Barrister
for tbe space of three years, to be the deputy during tbe
time of bis sickness or absence as aforesaid." — We have
also granted, and by these presents, &c. (besides the fairs in
tbis city heretofore held) a fair or market for fhe Buying
and selling of all manner of cattle and horses, in and upon

182 LOCAL GOVEBNMENT OF THE CITY.
the last TlMirsday in the month of February in every year.
— And further we will — tbat fhe Mayor — Recorder — Al
derraen — and common Counoil-men, or the greater part of
them— shall have full [lowcr — 'to constitute, ordain, makej
and establish — such laws, statutes, and .ordinances as to
them shall appear — necessary, for the well governing— the
city. — Mayor of tbe city and his successors for the time be
ing and tbeir deputies— -have — the sword with the point
upwards — The Mayor and citizens — to have power — to pur
chase lands, &c. — notwithstanding the statute — in mort
main ; or any other statute — to the contrary heretofore made
— *and moreover — do give and grant fo tbe Mayor and ci
tizens — tbe office of Master or Keeper of tbe Hospital of
St. John — together with all and every its— lands, tenements,
&c. — fo tbe same in any wise apjiertaining — for ever, imme
diately after fhe death of Roger Whitley, Esq. — all whicb
premises — we have by our letters patent — tbe ]4tb day of
June, in tbe 12th year of our reign, granted the aforesaid
Roger Whitley now living — and moreover — grant fo the
Mayor and citizens — tbe lands, tenements, &c. or late hos
pital of Boughton, alias Spital Boughton — saving always
and in all things, tbe rights, liberties, franchises, privileges,
and iraraunities heretofore granted by our predecessors, the
Kings of England, to the Cathedral Church of CJhrist and
tbe blessed Virgin Mary, of Chester, within the said city,
to the Lord Bishop of tbe sarae cburch and his successors ;
to the Dean aud Chapter and their successors ; and to them
or any of tbem, now in matter or custom, of tight belong
ing. — Witness ourself at Westminster, the 4th of Feb. in
tbe 37lh year of our reign.
King James II, in pursuance of the power of removing

LOCAL, GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. 183
corporate officers according fo the above charter of bis bro
ther, did by an order of Council made at tbe Court of
Windsor, on August 12th, 1688, amove all> or neariy all, the
Members of the Corporation.
The SAME KiNGdidalsoby warrant, dated Windsor 28th
of August, 1688, direct his Attorney General to prepare a
bill for incorporating fhe inhabitants of the city of Chester.
And tbe same King did by his letters patent, bearing date
35th Sept. in the same year, incorporate tbe citizjens and
inhabitants, and appointed Sir Tbomas Stanley, Bart.
Mayor, with aU the other officers of the city ; which last
charter, however, contained the same power of araoval by
the Crown, as that granted in tbe 37tb of Charles II. —
James was soon after, though too late, convinced ofthe ne
cessify of ingratiating himself with the people, in order to
retain bis falling throne, and be accordingly did on fhe
17th of Oct. in the said fourth year of his reign, issue
" A proclamation for restoring Corporations to their anci
ent charters, liberties, rights, and franchises,'' and the said
King did accordingly grant his letters patent, under the
great seal of England, commonly called the Charter of Res
titution, bearing date the 26th day of Oct. in the 4th year
•of his reign, as follows : —
Know ye, tbat we— 4iave pardoned, remitted, released>
and quitted claira, and by these presents — do wholly pardon,
remit, release, and quit claim, to tbe Mayor and citizens of
our city of Chester, the judgraents given against — the afore
said citizens — in Hilary terra, in fhe 35th and 36th years
of fhe, reign of our most dear brother Charles II. upon an
•information in the nature of a quo warranto, theretofore

184 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY.
exhibited by Sir Robert Sawyer, Knight; Attorney Gene
ral— before the King hiraself — at Westminster— ^and also
all seizures and process thereupon had ; and all and singu
lar forfeitures, pains, and penalties, by tbe said citizens — by
reason of the said judgraents — also all and singular claims
and demands of us, our heirs and successors, against any
liberties, privileges, or franchises, by the said citizens — be
fore the time — of rendering the said judgmenf-s, lawfully
held or enjoyed — andfartber — do restore and grant to them,
the Mayor and citizens ofthe city of Chester aforesaid, all
and singular hberties, franchises, lands; tenements, rents,
jurisdictions, bereditaraents, &c. — whatever — -^hich to them
inany wise appertained at, or before the time — of rendering
tbe said judgments — and further, we do, for us, our heirs
and successors, by these presents, constitute and restore to
William Streete, Esq. (iS^ho was Mayor of the city of Ches
ter aforesaid, at the time of rendering tlie aforesaid judg
ments) the office of Mayor of the city — also we constitute
and restore Sir William Williams, Knight and Baronet —
the office and place of Recorder and Alderman of the same
city. And' we constitute and restore fo William, Earl of
Derby, Thomas, Eari Rivers, Sir Thomas Grosvenor, Bart.
Sir Peter Pindar, Barf. Roger Whitley, Esq the said Wil-'
liam Streete, Thomas Wilcox, Richard Wright, Thomas
Sympson, Henry Lloyd, William Ince, John Anderson,
George Mainwaring, Peter Edwards, Nathaniel William
son, William Wilson, Edward Oulton, and Hugh Starkey,
gentlemen, (who were Alderraen of the said ci?y at the like
time of rendering the said judgment) tbe several and respec
tive offices of Aldermen. And we constitute and restore
to Robert Warren— the office of Sheriff of the said city,
to hold and exercise the same several respective offices and

LOCAL GOVEHNMENT OP THE CITY. 185
iilfSces, in such and as ample manner and forra as — before
rendering the said, judgment. And that the said Mayor,
Recorder, Aldermen and Sheriffs; and the Common Coun
cil of the city aforesaid, shall chuse and~caiise to he chosen
others in the, places of Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Citizens of
the Coramon Council aforesaid, now vacant within tbe said
city, in snch and the like manner and form as the Aldermen,
Sheriffs, and citizens of the said cify df Chester, in the Cora
mon Council of tbe said city, at or before the tirae of ren
dering the said judgment, were elected. — ^^And also that they
cause the ^tizens of the said city, to be assembled in the
-common ball of the said city, to make election, and do all
things requisite and accustomed, and to be done in the usual
manner, &c. s&c. Given at Westminster, the 26fh of Oe-
tdber. By the King himself.
King William III. by an Act of Parliament,' made' in
the Ilth and 12th years ofhis reign, entitled" An Act
to enable the Mayor and Citizens of Chester to recover and
preserve the Navigation of the river Dee;"' reciting that
tbe channel of the river was become so various and uncer
tain, that by sands and otherwise, tbe navigation to the said
city was almost lost and destroyed ; ihe Mayor and Citizens
of Chester, and their successors, were empowered to inake
the said river navigable from the sea to Chester, for ships
of one hundred tons or upwards, and to enable thera so to
do, certain duties in the said Act mentioned, were laid up
on coals, lirae, and lirae-stone, brought to, and unloaded
within the liberties of fhe city, for the term of twenty-one
years, and the properfy of the sands, soil, and ground there
in mentioned, was, immediately on the river and channel "be-
ing made. navigable for vessels as above, to be vested in the
X

188 LOCAL GOTEBNMENT OP THE CITY.

Mayor and citizens, and their successors for evfer, and theJr
were at liberty to defend, inclose, and improve the same;
and receive tbe reats and pl'oSts thereof, preserving the na
vigable state of tbe river.
King George ll. in the sixth year of his reign, passed
" an Act to recover and preserve the navigation of the river
Dee, in the county palatine of Chester;" fhe preamble, which
recites the Act of the eleventh and twelfth of Williani III.
and states that considerable sums of money have been ex
pended pursuant to tbe said Act, but tbat the river is not
navigable, the provision of the' Act being insufficient; also
that tbe time for making the same navigable is expired : and
-whereas the sands, soil, and ground not bearing grass, com
monly called the White Sands, are of .great breadth, and
the unnavigable state of tbe river, chiefly owing to tbe shift
ing , of the cj^ai^nel from one side to anothev, as the winds
vary.; it. is tfiecefore enacted, that Nathaniel Kinderley,
Gent, his heirs, assigns, &c. shall haye full power to make
and keep navigable. -the river Dee from the sea to Wilcox-
Point, within the liberties of the cify of Chester, in such
manner that there shall he sixteen foot water in every part
of tbe said .river at a moderate spring tide. Certain duties
to be paid by shipping as soon as the river shall become
nayigabje, and all the sand,, soil, ground, marsh, ,&c. between
the new tower, Bla,con marsb, and Kncl^et's gutter, with
all other the sands, soil, §cc., between the comraon salt
marshes, on the south side tbe river, and the, hundred of
Wirral on the north side, to be vested in the said Nathaniel
Kinderley, bis heirs, assigns, &c.
The SAME King Geo.rce H. in the ]4tb year of -his
(jseign, passed " aiQ Aot for iaeoi-porating the undertakers -af

I,OCAL GOVUBNMEN-i; OF THE OWY. 187
the navigation of the river' Dee;" the preamble to tTldeh
recited the Act in, the sixth GeoVge II. and enumerated the
subscribers and proprietors, and erected tbem and their re-
presentativesi from tbe 2i5th of March, 1741, into one com-
-pany, to be one body politic' afnd coi-porate, by tbe name
-and title of tbe Company of Proprietors ofthe Undertaking
for reeevering and preserving the Narigation of the river
Dee; to have by that name perpetual succession, a coraraon
seal, to sue and be sued, and have power to purchase lands
for the uses of the said navigation, to govern theraselves ac
cording to tbeir own bye laws, and have power to do all
things which Nathaniel Kinderley, his heirs, &c. might do
by tbe sixth George II.
' The same King George If. inthe 17th year of his
reign, passed " An Actfor explaining and amenditlg an Act
¦passed in the sixth year of his present Majesty*s reign, in
tituled, an Act to recover and preserve the navigation of
tbe river Dee, in the county palatine of Chester; and ano
ther Act passed in the fourteenth year of bis present Ma
jesty's reign, intituled, an Act for incorporating tbe under
takers of the- navigation' of the river Dee ; and for repeali'ng
tbe tonn'age' rates, payable to the said undertakers ; and for
granting to them other- tonnage or keel'a'ge rates, in lien
thereof;; and for other pirrposes therein mentioned." By
tbis Act, the depth ofthe navigation of the river was altered
from- 16 feet water to 15 feet wafer at a moderate spring
tide, between the sea and Wilcox Point, and aUo supervi
sors appointed to take soundings; also two ferries to be
kept at certain parts ofthe new channel, by the compan.y
at their own costs and charges, witb proper and sufficient
attendants, and all good, substantial, and effectual ropes, &c.

188 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY.
for public use, to ferry over all passengers at all tiraes when
required, without being piaid any thing for the same..
The .same King. Geokge II. in- the 26th year of bis.
reign, passed " An Act for confirming an agreement enter
ed info hetween tbe Company of Proprietors of the under
taking for recovering and preserving the navigation of tbe
riyer Dee, and Sir John Glynne, Bart. Lord. of the Manor
of Hawarden, and several freeholders and occupiers of
land within the said manor; and for explaining and amend-
ing three several Acts of Parliament of the 6tb,. I4tb, and
17th, years of bis present Majesty's reign, for recovering
and preserving tbe navigation of the said river Dee."
Other Acts. bave at different times passed, chiefly with a
view of determining the- various claims of landlords, entitled
to right of common upon the wastes and salt marshes ad
joining tbe White Sands, granted by the above Acts fo tbe
Dee Corapany. The last Act on tbis, subject was passed in
1791, and related to the rights of landlords to tbe salt
raarshes " below and to the north west of Greenfield-gate
in the counfy of Flint, and an award made in consequence
thereof," These lafe Acts very remotely affect the city of
Chester, and fhe rights of the citizens to the preservation of
tlie Dee Navigation, and therefore do not here require more
particular notice. ,
King Geokge II. did by an Act in tbe 26tb year ofhis
reign, " For tbe stopping of a distemper among horned cat
tle," alter tbe annual day of election of Mayor, Sheriffs,
Treasurers, Coroners, and Leave-lookers of fhe city of
Chester, from the Friday next, affer the Feast of St. Dennis,
to the Friday next after every 20th of October, in order t»

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. 189
avoid tbe inconvenience whicb would arise to the citizen?,
from the alteration of tbe style, bringing the ancient day
of election info fhe fair week. — An°. 26°. George II. cap.
34. set. 4,
King George III. by an Act passed in the, second year
of his reign, entitled "An Act for better regulating the
jioor, maintaining a nightly watch, lighting, paving, and
cleansing tbe streets, rows, and passages, and providing fine
engines and fire men, and regulating the hackney coach men,
chairmen, carmen, and porters, within the city of Chester ;"
directed the incorjjoration of certain persons, to be elected
by the parishes within tbe city, as Guardians of tbe poor,
who, witb the Mayor, Recorder, and Alderraen, being Jus
tices of fhe Peace, were fo be in name and fact, one body,
politic and corporate in law, and to have a perpetual suc
cession and common seal, and be called the Guardians of
the poor within tbe city and county of Chester, &c. This
act vested tbe Poor House in the above Guardians, from
tbe first of May, 1762, forthe term of ninety-nine years,
subject to the payment of 90I. per ann. to the Mayor and
citizens, lhe Guardians are erapowered to levy tines upon
persons refusing to act as Guardians after being duly elect
ed ; but no person liable to serve again as Guardian within
three years of his first election. They bave power to bold
a special court on giving two days notice, to be left at tbe
usual place of abode of each Guardian. Penalty for refus
ing to attend, or members departing without leave. Power
to examine witnesses on oath. May purchase ground for
building upon. Power to search for poor within the city,
and compel thera to go into the House of Industry. Pro
perty vested in the Guardians, who may prosecute persons

190 LOCAL GOVaONMENT OF THE CITY.
.steating or embezzIiBg it, and levy a penalty on persons buy
ing any of the goods; &c. Treasurers to give security.
Officers to account on oatli, in case of refusal to be cam-
niitted. Rates to be collected by tbe church wardens and
overseers. Rates fo be published in tbe churches, entered
in books, and allowed hy Justices. Payment of rates refus
ed, to be raised by distress and sale, for want of wlrich the
jiarfy to be committed. Penalty on church-wardens and
©verseers neglecting tbeir dfrty. In case of insolvency of
collectors, the rates to be made good by their respective
parishes. On- a refusal to pay over money when collected,
the same may be levied by disfress, for want of it tbe party
to be committed. The books, papers. Sic. may be inspect
ed by any rated inhabitant. Guardians may contract for
tbe care of tbe poor of other places. Persons emptoyeii
by Guardians not to gain settlements ; nor bastards born
of any woman under their eare. A minister to be pro
vided. Commissioners to be elected for the regulation of
paving, and lighting, &e. Penalties to be levied on persons-
not removing nuisances or obstructions in tbe streets, rows,
and passages, when ordered. Pavements and pijies may he
broken to get water in cases of fire. Twenty-one Commis
sioners raay, as tbey find necessary, order any jiavement,.
steps, &c. belonging fo any iudividual or body corporate,,
to be repaired, amended, or wheHy renewed at their own,
P'oper charge, in such manner and at such time as the said-
Commissioners shall appoint In case of non-payment, any
one Justice may, upon proof of demand, by warrant, cause
all such chai'ges and sums of money to be levied by disti-ess
and sale, and for want of it commit such party to the com-

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. )9l
mon jail, - tliere to remain vvithout bail, until payment.
Commissioners to cause copies of ail oi-der and regulation
for watchmen, to be delivered to the constables. Watch
men have po WW- to apprehend all disorderly persons, nigtit-
wal'kers, or other persons found idling or wandering about
in tbe night time, awd detain them in safe custody fill tirey
can be brought before tbe Mayor aiiid Magistrates, who
have power to canfine, whip, and keep to hard labor in tbe
House of Correction, for thirty days, any reputed wbore,
or common night-walken' ; or to piiblicly whip at the
high cross in Gbester. Any seven 'Oommissioners have
-full power from time to time to set down and ascertain the
fares and prices to be paid by hackney coachmen, chail--
rnen, carters, carmen, and porters, plying within the liber
ties of the city ; and for enforcing such regulations, tbey
have the power to fix penalties aad levy by distress. The
Mayor to preside at all meetings, in his absence the Re-
. carder, and if neither be present, the senior Justice of the
Peace, or in want of such Justice, such one of the Commis
sioners present as tbe major part of tbem shall appoint.
Tbose not attending to be sumraoned, and in case df refu
sal, or departing vvithout leave, to be fined. They may
contract foi- lamps, and also for any person to keep in re
pair the fire engines and other necessaTies. Persons damag
ing lamps, &c. to forfeit for the first offence Si. for the se
cond lOl. for the third 15l. to be levied by distress. Any
person who shall throw or set fire to any squibs, ci-ackers,
rfipewoi'ks, &c. or fire any gunpowder, &c. &c. or make, or
assist to make any open fire or bon- fire (except by cnfder of
the Mayor and four Justices) oi- shall carry about any open
•fire in any street, -lane, row, &c. &c. and shall be convicted
<on the oath ctf one or more witnesses, shall forfeit and paf

192 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY,
for every such separate offence tbe sum of lOl, C(>mmissi-
oners fo raise money, and premises taxed by virtue of this
act, to be rated according to tbe-Iand-tax valuation, and the
money to be raised in each ward, to be collected by tbe col
lectors of the land-tax, and siich; preceding rate or assess
ment fo be upon tbe tenants and occupiers of all property
within the liberties -of the city, so far as the Commissioners
or any seven of them shall direct. Collectors to be allowed
two-pence in the pound for their trouble. Rates refused
may be levied by distress, &c. Penalty on misconduct of
Collectors. Money lost to be made goodby a fresh rate.
Fer5,ons liable to a rate, and removing before it is collected,
to be still liable. Commissioners may appoint officers,- and
allow tbem salaries. I5ye laws may be revoked or alteredj
Tbis act to be taken as a public act.
King Geokge HI. did by an A'Ct passed in the 43d year
of his reign, amend, alter, and enlarge fhe last mentioned
Police Act, passed in the second year ofhis reign; the pro-
¦vision contained in it, relating to tbe election of Commis
sioners, the nightly watch, lighting, and cleansing the
streets, &c. and preventing nuisances and encroachments
within the same, and the making and collecting the rates
having heen found inadequate fo tbe purposes of the Act,
Any seven ot the Commissioners enumerated may act, un
less a larger number is specified as necessary. Tbe Mayor,
Recorder, and Justices of the Peace, also the Dean and
Prebendaries for the time being, are qualified to act as Com
missioners ; aod no other person shall be qualified to act
as Commissioner, unless at, the tirae of his acting be be
seized or possessed, either in fee or for life, or for a term of
not less than fourteen years, and be in actual possession of

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. 198
buildings, preraises, &c. rated and assessed under this act,
at the yearly value of-60l. or upwards, unless such person
shall be the actual occupier of sorae house, shop, &c. within
the city or liberties, rated and assessed under this act at the
yearly value of 20l. or-wpwards. Any person acting as Com
missioner not qualified as above, shall for every such offence
forfeit and pajr the sura of 501. to any person who shall
inform or sue for the same. Commissioners to take an
oath to act with impartiality. Not to act iri any case in
which they are personally interested. A general meeting
of Commissioners to he held the second Tuesday in April,
in each year, which shall be called the General Annual
Meeting of the Coraraissioners ; when an account of all
monies received or paid by virtue of tbis act shall be pro
duced, examined, and settled, being verified by oath, which
any Commissioner is : quali fied to administer, Coramissi
oners may order a rate or assessment to be made, by sur
veyors as often as they think requisite, which shall be sign
ed by seven or more of the said Coramissioners, and shall
not be d^^emed valid, unless so signed. Preraises occupied
by several persons, any one. or more of tbem may he deem
ed liable to pay rates. John Fletcher, and John Bedward,
appointed Surveyors, with such salaries as the Commissi
oners shall at some gcneralmeeting order and direct ; if in
any case sucbr surveyors differin opi-iiion, then Thomas Pen-
son, of Wrexham, Architect, is appointed to settle the dif
ference between the said Surveyors, who are to take an
oath to act impartially. Houses under the yearly value, of
3l. not to be rated, and no messuage, &c. to berated higher
than 70I. except the Dee Mills, which shall not be rated at
any. greater value than lOOl. No empty and unoccupied
bouse, shop, &c. to berated. Persons quitting. premises
Y

]|94l LQ04L aOVJfRJtil^NT O* TI»E CEI'Sn. '
b/efoiie tbe assesSimei};t.s, be jhatd.: sball; ISe U^abtei. A^eeinefflits^
bietween any^, landJoiid afld te-uant cans«t;ning paynient at
i;at^ not to he- affected- Ity tbift ast. The CotoBjissiwnieBsi may
caup^ .the Diaflisfs, of, fiiti-eets, 4iQ, to be pointed; In- any ex»i-
S.p,i,CMOi}S; plaiQe, ^pdj if any petsoni shall wiliuUy oblikeraitie or
d,<ifaoe, tbie, same>, het ShaU on. co-aVrictiicw-, by tjje oatbi of.'o)j«
vwitnessi forfeiiE aijy sum not extMediBge4©s, non less^thafl. lOsi
" Tl^e owners, aiJdiOCfiupiers.crf. bouses and atberbuildingSi
¦Syithiw- the lib^rljieg 0^, iJbe eity,,, rtall ait tbeir owmi costss.
and charges,, within sucb time andi i» swcb manner as tbei
said- Coffunifesioxifi'S a,t. theiij gene«al amniaal maelaiagi shall
:^omi irinie toi dira*; Ifcyj nsfisae in; writingj/ signed lay tiieir
qleik, tp. be- delivered; to sucliiowneB or'occuipiersi.orlelt
at t,Wm resjfeQt-ii>ie dwe}JJHigt-b0(U9eB, dii-ect and appoint;, eaase
aU stepst, »fa«s,. post^, pillftfs., aradi pitetei'S;: paJHiisadiifiSii
pales,, aBd";rails4, pqlfes,. pr(igecJlii»g;vHiBd0wa„poKchie6^ spouts,
sb^vF-hO?*'dSj. sta|ls>, cfil:lftfr.v»«nd.ows,. dfioiis andi grates, steps
h\to, cellate andi yaiul-tSj, aai sdli ejthrat eBrajoaehments.aBdanK
noyianjse& ^ksispmm,. beliwgiisgrtQ; tb-eiir-resjjectiTejbouBes,
buildiijgs o!! ppiemises, and e^fiaoding- aver oar iipoiii the
s^yepjs,, 5q^i>esi. \me»^ ^Jteys-, passagiea amd- pablic- pbeesy
PH any. paflt tjiwsf, ti® be i-e»o*ed,. akeiedt or re&iimedv
and. alsoi tO) cause tbe: water lo? bs conveyed-, fiiom the noof^
eornic^Sj, and penthouses; of theif re^peotinee- houses, amd
ofbcj- biijldiilga tty piiopeii amd- sufficiant- pipesior-tmntes to.
be »ffix«J. ta the; sides of their liespBCtiweihousas or otbep
bAiUings^^j and in case any. atichi owner or etoupier-shatt
nsgteftt-.' QU refuse, so toi dei i* shaUilwi.faiwful for bhesaid
Coisraissioneiis to cause the- same to be done- at the costs
and) chains of any such. ow,Ber or occupifepj 'and the. costs
dad' charges, afetesnding the removal, alterataiw, or reforma-
tiiimi of tifeeisaraie, to- be ascart*imed! and settled by the said

LecxL GsveRSinciNC vf the city. 10.3
- lifflinTOissloners, shall, in case ttie same be wot paid on i«le-
matid tnatle by any |Jc«"son anthsiMiieed by the saisd Cornmfe-
-si^nets ijii that belsalf, be ile^jed by distrre^ and sale df Hie
¦/^fHijiods and ctettels of euefe t^^vllel< ar occnpiiter, by waivant
tinVleir the bands and seals cff tfeie said Oomwissiwnfei^, or
any two or K»oi« Justices. oftJbe Peaioe of Mie Sa'id city fef
ChiBsteT, (whieh wsa^ant >sach CoramiSHionws or J'09t4fees
are heirfeby anttioa-izwd to- gi-ant) rendering ttoe overplus (if
any) lipoo deriiand, to the person km- persons whose go&tfls
and clmttels shall have been .sd disi rained and said; and if
the tertamt or oOeupier of any such Jioase <or isttiei' feuiMiifig
sbail remove, falter, iw I'ieftM-ni, Buy smph ^enwrbacbmifefttj Bfe-
struotinn, wr ^mooyance as aforesafili to tlie Siatisif^ctioiii'of
the said Commissidnfers, it silmll be lawftd for Uimi or bfer
-to denHiikiet and retain tli<e reasonaUe charge krid etipeftse
tkereiaf, amd afeo any money wliiich sJiall or may have been
levied raipoii bte ot her -goods and dlsattiils as aforesai'd, ®1U
of bis or ker next paynient of rent ; mid the o-wiwr, .propri-
¦etorj OT lamiiittiard of eviel-y such hmise «r ©tteeir building. Is
"bejeby feTOil^l It© aWwv the same aeeoi'dingly as u pa'y-
ment or part ef payment of rent, as the cftse may lie^ ami
the same &baK ^te good as such paytnerit to ajl purposes
whatever." Comtnissioners may raise' mou'ey on mmtgagc
-of the rates, but it shajl not exceed in the whole iti* sum
of one tbous'MJid poun-ds.' They may -with consent nf tbe
Mayer and citizens, make, impair, or cause to be openal
in ail or any of the streets* such tkaiiis, soughs, common
,«ewei5Sj andi-eservoirs as they slwU think piijpei-. " If anyper-
son «ib.aW trail or di'aw, or cause to be trailed of drawn upon,
or along any of tlSesaid squires. Streets, lamesjor public roads,
wijthiu the said eityj or tbe libertieel thereof, any tree or
piece of tiwifeer, ol- any stoi1e> otlierwise than upon wheel-

198

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF TBE CITY.

carriages, or shall suffer any tree, &c. which shall be convey
ed upon s'uch wheel carriages to drag upon any part of the
said squares, streets, lanes, or public roads', within the said
city; or shall bring any stoned horse or stallion into any
- of the squares, streets, lanes, roads, or public passages .afore
said, or in the market-place, or places of fhe same city,
otherwise than for tbe purpose of passing through or along
the same, or shall exhibit the- same in any of the places
aforesaid; or shall suffer any butcher's blocks, buxter's
standings, coacb, chaise, waggon; cart, or other carriage,
wheel barrow, trucks, timber, bricks, lime; stones, slates, hay,
straw, wood, faggots, coal, tubs, casks, cratesi hampers, goods,
' wares, or merchandise, or any other materials or things
whatsoever, to be laid or placed, and left to remain in any
of tbe said squares, streets, lanes, roads, rows, public pas
sages, or places, for any longer time than shall be necessary
for removing or housing tbe sarae, or for tbe taking up or
setting, down passengers, or persons going into or coming
outof any stage coach, or for fhe loading or unloading of any
waggon, cart, or other carriage ; or shall cast or throw, ear
cause to be cast or thrown any broken glass or earthenware,
ashes, rubbish,, dust, dirt, dung, filtb, soap-lees, or any other
nuisance, annoyance, or obstruction whatsoever/into, or laid
in any of the said squares, sfreets, rows, lanes, roads, pub
lic passages or places, or shall leave any.cellar-doors open
therein, or shall drive, draw, carry, or place in any of the
rows; or on any of tbe footways of any tof tbe said squares,
streets, city walls, lanes, ways, puhlic passages or places',
any cart, wheel-barrow, hand-barrow, wheel-sledge, truck,
or carriage, or wilfully ride, lead, or drive any horse or
other beast or cattle therein or thereon ; or shall cause any
bull, bear, badger, or other beast, to be baited or worried

LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE CITV. 197
in any of the streets, rows, or squares, within the said city,
every person so offending shall for every such offence for
feit and pay any sum not exceeding five pounds, nor less
than five shillings, to be recovered as after mentioned ; and
it shall also be lawful for any person or persons to seize
and detain any such cart, carriage, wheelbarrow; or other
matters, ¦ and also to impound any such horse, mare, mule,
ass, swine, beast; or other cattle, in the comraon pound of
the said city, or in such other place as shall be appointed
by the said Commissioners, and the sarae to detain in tbe
said pound or places, until the penalty and the expenses of
impounding, seizing, ¦ and dstaining the same, shall be fully
paid and satisfied ; and in case such penalty, and all ex
penses attending tbe levying thereof, shall not be paid with
in four : day* nest after such seieure, or after such horse,
raare, mule, ass, swine, beast, or other cattle, shall be so
impounded, it shall be. lawful for fhe person or persons,
who shall be appointed by the said Commissioners for that
purpose, to sell, .or cause, to be sold, such horse, raare, raule,
ass, swine, .beast, cattle, or other things so distrained or
seized, retui-uing the overplus, (if any be) to tbe ovvner
thereof, after such penalty, and tbe reasonable charges oc
casioned by such impounding, seizure, and distress, shall be
deducted and paid." No person to be subject to any pe-
: nalty on account of any building materials, &c. so tbat
there be convenient room left for carriages to pass and re
pass, and the owner or occupier shall effectually inclose
tbe sarae with posts and rails, and set Up, and maintain a
light during the night time, to prevent accidents, or mis
chief happening to passengers or cattle. Commissioners to
appoint a time for the reraoval of night soil, &c. Persons
suramoned to give evidence before the Commissioners, liable

188 XtVCAL SOVEttNMENT OF T«E CITY.
to a penalty' fm- "refusal Inhabitants declared dorap«st«»t
witnesses aiid jinini's, in all actiions concerning tfee execa-
tion -of this Act. Penalties to he recovered -with costs of
convicfJ<Mi by dislt«-ess and sale of tbe offemders g-oods, atid
in case of deficiency the party may be comaiitfed to flhe
•common jail wifhlcrat bail, fbr any tS-naie mot exceeding sis
calendar anpaths, or until snch penalty, together with the
costs, shall fea've been fully ;paid. Of pewalties »>eeeivel«ed,
one moietjf to go to the ihfomicr or infoTimers, in sudh
sbai-fes as the Justice^ slball direct, and the othei- to tbe
Treasurer ©f tire Coramissiiorers for the uses amd purposes
in this Act meutidnedi. Charges ofpr^seeution to be pe-
iuabursed. Any person thinking himself aggrieved atat ap
peal to the Justices dif the Peace, at the General Quarter
Session for fhe city, within tbe ispaoe of seven catendir
moutlis next, after Sach cawse of appeal shall baw arisen.
Proceedings not i-enaovable, nor to be iquashed for want of
forra. Comraissionei's awl t'heir officers allowed to plead
fhe general issue, and ^iwe this Aet in evidence. No pro
cess to issue against themi unless previous notice sba^l haVe
been given to such Commtssionei^, Clerk, &c. Tender of
'sufficiemt amends may be pleaded in bar to such actio*.
Plaintiffs mot to recorej' without proof of notice. Commis
sioners neglecting to gi-ve notice fo be at liberty to pay
raoney into court. No eviidenfie to be given but -what Is
mentioned in the notice. Notfliiiig in this Act to afifeffe
tbe powers of the (Jerteral Ttunpike Act, &c. Powers <i)f
the foiimer Act to ext-end to this. Declared to be a Pub
lic Act.
The royal assent was given to this Act on the 27tb of
May, 1803.

MiCAL SOIVBBIilttBlWeB TBE OKtY. 19ft
'i'^E, SA.MB KiN,a G.E,o?.«E, III. did rn the 44tb yeai; of
l>is: reipi, gqant hjs letters pateat, dated at Wiestminster,
On the 2tbi day of I^^oveinber^ to the Mayof and, Citizens of
C.b«stet, in consequeuice of theii- petition, shewing, that hjf
the con4it«tion, of tbjei Magistracy of the said city " the
TVIiay«w; amd, Recoa'der only being Justices of the Quorum,
gpeat delays and ineQaveniienceBbave arisen, and it isapjire-
hended ijiay 'hereaftei: arise,, iji tiie administratian of jiUstiee, ,
and partic,iiiiaj,-Iy ii> the executiao! of th£^ laws relating fo.
the revenue a^l the poor, .froni the Mayor aod Rfecordeir
o£ the said ,Gity fps, tbe tuujS being,, oc either of them, being.
puevented by abs^^CQ from- the, said, city oa accotmt of ill-
n.ess, or any otbeK reasonable Cause, or by sickaess, infiEmi'-
ty,. or inteKesti in, any, mattev in (^stioo, &OIB attending oa
or acting, in the execution o£ tbe sa^ offices- of Mayor and,
J[ustices pf tibe PeACe : and tbat it Would be of g.rea-t public
oirilit.y to, tJie aaid, city, if tbe.Mayor for fhe.trme being were
authorized ti> appoint a d^pnty^ w-ith, pc^wes to. exequte; the>
office of Mayor in all things, in the absence of the said
Mayor.; foii sueh cause as afpnesaid, ;- and that sueh ds'
puty sho-uld. be during, his eontinuanee in, tbat office a Jus.-
tice. of the Pea-ce e£ the. Quoiiim, ,in> like, manner as. the
Mayor and R^cosdei.- now are." JIb the samb Kino.
t^EOKGE III. did gjuve and grankto-theiMayon and Citizens,
of ChesiteXi and tteir successors foe the time being,, " tbat
it shall, and may he lawful to. and. for the Mayor of the
spid cijty.for; the time being,, to- nominate- and appoint from
tin^e to timei,, by any instrument or writing, under his hand-
and seal, executed by him in the presence of, and attested.
b.y two w more credible- witnesses, vsith the consent, aod
appr-obation of any three of the Aldermen of the, said
'«jtya fe» the time being^ testified by their signing the

200 LOCAL GOYEKNM ENT OF THE CITY.
same, one bf the" Aldermen of the said city, who shall
have served the office of Mayor, to be deputy of him
the said Mayor, and to execute and act in tbe said office of
Mayor in the place and stead of the said Mayor for fhe
tirae being, and also in any other office or offices which is,
or are to be executed by the Mayor for the time being, iu
the place and stead of such Mayor in and over tbe said city
of Chester and county of the sarae city, at such tim^ only
as the said Mayor for the time being shall be absent from
the said cify, ou account of sickness or other reasonable
cause, or be prevented by sickness, infirmity, interest, or
otherlegal cause from attending on and executing tbe same
office, vpbicb said person so to be nominated and appointed,
shall bave and exercise by himself and together with any
other or others, as fhe case may require, all and every the
powers and authorities, jurisdictions, offices, and functions, -
wbich by the Constitution of the said Corporation are vest
ed in, or ought to be exercised by tbe said Mayor for tbe
time being, by himself or together with any other or others,
or as are vested in, or ought to be exercised by such Mayor
as exercising any other office within tbe said city, and coun
ty of the sarae. Provided always tbat such instrument of
appointment shall be registered araongst the proceedings of
the Crownmote and Portmote Courts ofthe said city, within
fourteen days after tbe execution of the same. And that it
shall not be lawful for any such deputy to act under such
appointment until such registration as aforesaid, and until
he shall have taken an oath duly and impartially to execute
the sarae according to the best of his skill and knowledge,
which oath shall and may be administered by the Mayor or
two of the Aldermen of the said cify for the tirae being.
And all acts, matters, and things, done and executed by the

'a.. - - ¦ , , , ,, ,„..^
LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF.THE CITY. 201
.person so to be nominated and appointed as aforesaid, by
himself or, together with any other or others as , tbe case
may, require, shall be as valid, and effectual in.tbelavv, to, all
intents and purposes whatsoever, as if the, sarae ;had been
.done and executed by "the -JVflayor of tbe said city for thc
time being, named, -chosen, and appointed as beretoforc ac
customed. And that every such deputy ^o to be nominated
and appointed as aforesaid, shall during bis continuance of
tlie Said o^ce of deputy, be and be held, deeraed, -and ta
ken tobe a -Justice of the Peace of us,, our heirs and, feuc-
eessors, of tbe Quorum.witbin the said, city qnd county ofthe
same, with such and the like powers, jurisdictjons, and autho
rities, in all respects and, of -what, nature soever, and whether
the same are to be executed together with any other person
or persons or otherwise, as are vestediintbe said Mayor
¦and Recorder, as Justices of the Peace of the Quorura, and
which they, or either of them can or may. exercise by them
selves or himself, or together with any other person or per
sons by virtue thereof. And our will and pleasure is, that
every such appointment shall continue in force during such
time as the peJ;son who shall bave made ^^^ executed the
same as aforesaid, shall continue in tbe said office of Mayor,
or untilthe same shall be revoked by , inslriitnent in ¦writing
•as herein aftefmentioned. Provided always, ' and our will
anS ''pleagrire is, that these our letters patent shall extend
and be cbnstriiedto extend to authorize and empower such
person so to be norainated and appointed by the Mayor of
"the said city for the tirae being as aforesaid, to exercise or
execute all or any of tbe said offices, powers, authorities,
jurisdictions, and functions hereby granted to, or vested in
him, or which be is hereby authorized and empovvered to
¦exercise and execute either in the place and stead of the
' Z' '

lOCAt GOVERNMENT OF tttE CttV.

«aid Mayor for tbe time being, or as aJilstice of tbe Pfeatb
of TUS, out- heirs and sncfcessdi-s, of ttie Qutiinltn, 'Avithin the
said city, and'county'df the same, ih^ch bases and at such
tittiefe only -as the said Miayor for thfe iime liehig, shall be
afesfent fi«Al *lbe ^aid-^ciiy. On 'account of 'sickness Br bthfer
reasonable *aaSB, or'b'e ¦preventcd'by sickness, infirmity, in-
tei^est, <>r ' other tegal cause, ffottiiattewding'Oii add execut
ing tbe saine. Provided also, that it 'shall and 'may be law
ful for the !said'5ttayor, for the time being, to revoke any
such appointraent by instrument Or writing, iinder bis
¦liand 'ot seal, extecated by him in l^e presence of, atid at-
' tested by t-wo credible witnesses as be shall see occasion,
such instrument of revocation being tegistered amongst the
'proceedings cff the Crowntnote and Portmote Courts of tbe
^id -city, ^within fourteen days iafter the execution tbereof?'
This fs'the fest 'Charter ot- Actof t'arliainent 5n arty way
alDering or •affecting the local government of the. city of
"Chester, or interfering with the "ancient rights and customs
"O'f the citizens, tt is, however, at tbis time in contempla
tion to apply to t'afliamenf for another Act to strengthen
and amend the former Police Acts, of tbe 2d and 43d of
¦<ieorge rn. and at the same time to insert a clause empow-
¦ ering the Comraissioners to apply' a pDrtion-bf the police
"rates to repair iand preserve the city walls. The funds wliich
were formei'ly at the disposal of the ]itnrengers for .this
purpose, proceeding frdm a diity upon.'lrish-linens coming
into the port df Chester, liave altogether-failed in conse
quence of this branch of coramerce being now carried on
through tbe port of Liverpool, and the linens sent by canal
to the fairs of tbester, in wbicb case the murage duty pay
able at the Custom House, is evaded. If some other modte

L9C/U>. OgiVEVNIttCmT l>» TBE CITY. 203

ef piipviding fOi- the e^P^nses of the city walls be not spee-
<iily adoipled,, thqse monwneiii,ts of aplliqiiiiy, so interesting'
tp ^U'SogerBi so much venemted by the cidaens, and now
W-,gtse44ly, coridttCiwe, to tHieir, health; and pleas urei by tbe
<k!ig-h;tful pi-o,nienade they afibi-d, must in a few years ine-
Viitahly djlapidnte fm waut ofthe usual, repsrtrs.
THE COIlPQRAflON is at^lvs.tiifle cpnstijisiited ac
cording to tbe charter pf Henry YH except that a^\ vacan
cies occurring in, the body aj'e i)ot; filled- up by the cpmmo-
nality at larg.ej. bu^ by the 24 Aldermen and 40 Comnion
Council-men, iii, common-bsll assembled, and if it,eve^¦ were
otberwisCj ,th& noinii^tion to corpoiute v,^,pappies must,
v,erY soQn aftef grai},tiB(g the chaiiter, haye dev(i»ked upoi^
the select body fi-QiQ, tbeijeglect pf the com.HionaUty, and
thus by the. custora of a long series of years has b^eeome e,ST .
tablisb.ed a.5, a right, The Cihartei,- qf Henry 'VII. also gives,
ai' power to the cifigens aftd coromonality to make E»n annual
election, of the. ooirpo,vate bpdy, (facere H creq.repo^sifttj
this, privilege also se.em? to. have been abandoned, or af least
ijot claimed by tb^ CQjpjpjpnaUty, ait a very eaiily period; no,
d'oubt ip consequence o.f the great inconvenience and party
divisions,. §i}«h, election,^. WCfuld ueces?aEi,l;y, produce and- per
petuate in tb^ city, Even at the tiji>e when t-^ii^ charter
was granted, it dpe| ^ot (Jjecidedly appear there were apnual
electipo.s pf the CprporatipPi w: even that; the (M^ber pi,:oivi^,
sio.ns pf.the q!!aj;tei- yeere, apcepted smd adhered to;, on thei
cqntra.vy; it appears, tbat although tke cbartci: directs the
Body to, co?)-§i?,t f»f 4Q Commofl Couflcil-men, yet eveff far
JJWPy jrea.r^.ijfiteji'VKaijds, it -wai^, in fiefi,^nqe pf.the charteif of
Henry, cpi-ijg^f^^, of fo;r^-ei,ght CpuMjl-lwq, The qnes-
t^Qji as tp. electio.^ has, frequently been agi|ated and litiT.

204 LOCAL GOVEBNMENT OF THE CITY.
gated ,in- various, shapes. So eariy as 1572 tbere was a
controversy on. thiej subject, and an attempt to establish the
anunal elections,', tbbugh unsuccessfully, as continual usage
had even then be^nMii, favor of the other mode, under a bye'
law made in tbe year 1518. In I693, tbe right of election
by the citizens at large was. again contended for,.and Roger
"Whitley then, Mayor, in vvhich office he continued three
years, being friendly to it, tbat mode of election was con
sented to by the , Corporation, and continued till I698,
when at a general assembly the old raode of election was
confirmed. In tbe year 1732," a quo warranto was brought
by certain of the citizens to try tbis long contested ques
tion ; tbe cause was heard in 1735, before Mr. Justice Vei-
ney, when tbe Corporation pleading ancient custora and
their bye laws, proVed successful. In 17S4 another ardu
ous contest on this point was instituted, when the Corpo
ration grounded tbeir right on the second Charter of King
Charles II. and gained their cause ac Shrewsburj' Assizes ;
it was finally removed to the House of Lords, where very
long arguments, replete witb forensic learning and elo
quence, vvere heard from Counsel, when the House reversed
all tbe proceedings of the inferior Courts, rejected' the
Charter of Charles II. and affirmed that of Henr.x VII.
The Corporation, however, in pursuance of their ancient
custora, continued to elect their own members, aud tbe
matter was not again called in question till the year 1813.
In order to explain this litigation some previous and col
lateral history and elucidation seem necessary. It may be-
remarked, that Whenever a contested election for the repre
sentation of tbe city in Parliaraent has taken place, tb«'
party opposed to the interest of the Corporation, know
ing tbe greatf influence possessed by that Body, have set

LOCAI. GOVERNMENT OF THE CITV. 205
about devising means to defeat or lessen that impediment to
tbeir views, and the establishment of the jirovisions as to
Corporate elections in tbe Charter of 1506, has always been
thought the most probable mode of effecting tbe purpose.
In fhis way the various' litigations wbich bave occurred
may be accounted for, and among oihers, the late contest
3t Shi-ewsbury Assizes, in 1814.
' In FebruarylSlS, an application was made to fhe Court
©f King's -Bench for a Mandamus to compel tbe Mayorof
Chester to elect the Aldermen and Coraraon Council-men
according to the directions in the Charter of Henry VH,
which application was, bowever> refused. — Lord EUenbo
rough said, thaf tbe words of the Charter " eligere, facere,
et creare possint," were not imperative, and thathe could
not issue a Mandamus for the Mayor fo do wbat was by fbfc,
Charter left optional to the -citizens, " tbey might elect, tb^y
had a remedy, and therefore tbe Court could not interfere."
Several successive Mayors bad been served with requisi-,
tions to elect the Aldermen and Common Council-men by
the citizens in general, in conformity fo the Charter of King
Henry \IL A compliance with these requisitions was
however always refused, till Oct. 1813, when fhe Mayor,
Mr. S. Bennefti- beipg offended with tbe Corporation, de.!
termined to comply with the requisition which had been
»erved upon him, and tbe night before the election was to
take jilace, he published his intentions in a hand-bill to that
effect. On the appointed day, both parties met in the com
mon-ball, Tbe Recorder and the greater part of the Al
dermen vvere determined to elect in the usual form, and did
elect a MaVor and Officers accordingly. The Ma5'or aud

306 LopA»..GOVE«N;HENT.qE THB c^TX-,
citizens aI«o ]>roceeded to elect the Members- of the Corpor
poralion according tp.tbe ancient provisions pf their Chars
ter. Both partie*. claimed a (ight t,ob? the CqrpQvaUon of
Cliester, both walked the Marl^ets, and attei»)ed IHviiie
lerviee at tlie Gathgdral, in th? isual form. The conse^
quence of this was, f,baf quo warratito i,xiimiff'4.tXons were
filed in tbe Court of Kings Bench, on one side against S\r
W. W. Wynn and his Sheriffs, fo shew by what authorify
they exereised their offipt;s;, andon the Other side-agaipst
Mr. Wm. Seller and his Slierifi^,.two Alderra.en, and twa
Common Ceuncitnmen, to sh.ew by wliat antharity they
claimed' the right to exercise tbei)< ojiices, The causes wer^t
both sent down for triijl at SbiSeiittsUuryj, in 1S)4, N^ii
ther party, perhaps, was very sanguine inj the e!S6peo(atioiv
of being able to maintain their elections, but by thg sdiU'e^
of the legul men employed in London by the. Old Cprpora-i
tion, tlie Infomiatipiis filed against tfce XewCprporatioii w«r^
entered for trial first ; tbis the opposite party were in hopes
tbe Judge would haye over-i'uled. in consideration of their's
beiug the first application to the Court. In tbis ejspecta-
tion the leaders of tbe New Corporation cause were di«i
appointed, and tbe claim of Edward Mainwaring, Esq, to-
the office of an Alderman af tbe New Conporation of the
eity of Cbosler, was first brought forward to be argued be-,
fore Judge Pallas and a Sjieeial Jury, on tbe 2Stb.day of
March, 1814.
On the p*rt pf Mr. Mainwaring, the Charter of King
Henry VIJ. was proved, ?ind it was shewn that a requisir
tion having been sent to, the jMayur, to elect tlie Aldenosn,,
^c. in compliance tq that chiiner, be published on the.
evening befpre the .election, by bai\cl^bills. generally cirt'u-

lOCAIi 60VeiilNHENT OF **£ CitV. SO"?
Iftted thrt(ugli thfe eity, that it was hii, Intention so to elect
Oh the following day j it was al«6 ihewn that this election
ihail takes places a»d the manner in which it was eonduet*
ed was, by a paper being produced containing the names
of 24 jsersons, (ahipfigst Whicb was that of fedward Main-
'waring) these wfeie ^rPpOSed as Aldermen for the ensuing
year, and the pi-OptJsltitJn being seconded, their nahies were
'j-ead tover twice, when the citiiens making rto objection to
tbem, they were declared by'the Mayor duly elected, artd
-were ull sworn ifl the usuai form.
On the otTier hand it 'was contended, that it bad been
'the custom for upwards of 200 years (witb very few instan-
¦ces to the contrary) for the select body alone to fill up the
vacancies .occurring in. the Corporation,- and fhat the pla
ces so filled were always considered, to be held fpr life^ But
that allowing the Charter of Henry VII. to be the existing
Charter of the city, still it was necessary for the Mayor to
•have given a .Zong-€r. notice, of his intention to deviate frpm
-.so old a custom ; and moreover, tbat the mode of electing
the Aldermen, &c. had. been illegal, it baving been decided
'-by Lord Mansfield, in the case of the King versus Mon
day, ;(Cowp. 530) that in such cases tbey sbould be sepa-
rately proposed and elected.
Roth these points Were decided by tbe Judge, and the
former by the Jury, against Mr. Mainwaring, who was of
course declared unduly dected. It was late on Saturday
evening before the termin«tioa of this cause ; the iissizes
then closed, and tbe nine other iirformations were left to be
tried at the next assizes. Tfre parties, hovWVer, on their
return horae. Wisely resolved upon a raore speedy conclu-
'slon of their disputes. Upwards of 5,0001. had been al-

208 LOCAL GOVEBNMENT, OF THE CITY.
ready expended, and from wbat had corae out at the first
trial, both sides might be pretty w-ell satisfied thaf all theii'
elections where bad, and the consequence of -persisting in
fhe litigation would have been an alraost endless scene of
confusion and -expense. Tbey agreed, therefore, to put a
stop to all further proceedings, each party paying their own
costs, all the raerabers of the New Corporation abandoning
their claims, Witb a proraise or understanding, that tbe title
of Sir W. W. 'Wynn and his Sheriffs, shoiijd not be dispu
ted, and tbat no opposition should be raade to the next en
suing election of Mayor. Since whicb time, these unhappy
disputes have hot beeA Revived, and it is to be hoped they
will be for ever buried In Oblivion ; they may serve to agi
tate the multitude, and effect tbe political purpose of tbe
hour; but their inevitable tendenfcy raust be, to impoverish
the city, foment dissentions among the citizens, and de
grade tbe Magistracy, in fhe eyes of those wbo, being
taught to doubt the' title of tbe individual, will soon learn
to despise tbe Office, which tbe more it is respected, must
be tbe more readily obeyed, and tbe civil goviernment of
the city more happily accoraplished.

MAYOnS ABD SHERIFFS. 209
i^apots antr BUti^s
OF
THE CITY OF CHESTER.

Daniel King, in his Vale Royal of Chesbire, says thafr
tbe city was- governed by an officer with tbe title of Mayor,
so early as the 26lb of King Henry TII. when Sir Walter
JLynnet was Mayor, and tbat lie, Ricbai-d Clark, and Sir
John Aneway, or Arnway, governed fhe city all the time
of Henry III. and until the seventh year of Edward t—
These dates are by no means confirmed according to the
most authentic records of the present day. Many decideil
errors are to be fouud in the arrangement given by King.
The following list has been corrected from fixe most au-^
thenfic source, and will he found as perfect as the public
or private records of the city can afford : —
Spagors. @l)eriff;S,
ritoEERT Fitz James,
1257, Sir Walter Lynnet ¦•¦-^ (_Adam Venator.
1358, The Same  • . ? Tbe Same-.
Stephen Sarazin.
1259, Thj; Same ' Robert Mercer.

X Richard Clark.

1260, The Same  < t, Gilbert Marshall.

4261, Richard Clark • • ¦  <

( Richard Apothecary.
Robert Mexc^b.

Aa

310

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.

1262, The Same -..;  } The Same.
1263, The Same  f The Same.
-I Stephen SARA-zlNi
1264, The Same ••*-  ^ t Robert Mercer.
r Oliver be Trafford.
T265, Th« Same  ^ [.Robert de Tervin.

f Oliver de Cotton.
'( Robert de Tebvin.
J William de Hawarden.
ER DE Trafford.
1268, Sir John Arnway  <J The Same.
.VTHEW DE DERESBVS-ei
1269, The Same ICHARD LE ESPIZER

1266, The Same

1367, The Same  J
f Olive

1270, The Same ..«.  -.j The Same.
1271, Thb Same  3 The Same.
IS72, The Same .,..  • . .|the Same.

("Mai
Iric
'{^ •) Ti
.|t„b

1273, The Same  f Kobert Mercer.
(.Richard Apothecary.
liyyA rr: a ' T-^"*" GODWICHE.
1374, The Same  J (.Richard le Espier.
4*3, The Same  J Randal Deresbvry.
I. Christopher Clark.

* I I - J.
mayors and sheriffs. 21-1
SpagotiS. <i)|)jt;iff£ii
f Adam, Godwicue.
1276, The Same  / (.Richard Apothecary,
rHuon Moles.
1277, Randal Dehesbuhy- • . .< (.Robert Tervin.
f Nathaniel dis Deresbdry.
1278, The Same  i
, (. Randal Doble y.
fHUGH SloLES.
J279, The Same;  •  J (.Robert Tervin.
fHuGH MOLIBS.
1280, Robert le Mercer ....< I Robert Ernes,
(Alexander Hurell.
1281, The Same  i(Robert Ernes.
- , THoGH DB Moles.
J382, Alexander H.urell ....J (^Robert DE Hole.
r Alexander Hurell
J283, Robert le Mercer  i
, i David de Molinecx,
f Alexander Hurell
1284, The Same  ..<J (^Robert Itheix,
1285, Robert DE Tervin ....J The Same.
TNioholas Payne.
1286, The Same  •'••*¦< (^Robert Ernes.
1287, The Same  «  ^ The Same.
( Hugh de Birchilj,
1288, Hcea de Moles  < (.Nicholas Payn^.

21-2 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.
1289, Robert DE Tervin ,,.-.<
1290, Robert Mercer  } f Robert Earnes.
1291, The Same  J (^Robert Caudry,
r Nicholas Payne.
1292, Hugh de Birchill •...J (.Roger DuNFouLD.
r John de Mollindiners^
1293, Robert Mercer  < (.Roger Dunfould.
TAlezander Hurell.
1294, Hugh de Birchill . . . . J| CROEBRT Ithell.
TEDtTARD Molineux.
1295, The Same  J (.Roger Dunfould.
f John de Warwick.
1296, The Same  J
(Robert de Macclesfield.
("Andrew Stanlow.
1.497, Alexander Hurell. ¦ ...^ (.Robert Ithell.
lono r« ., ("Richard Candelan.
1298, The Same  J (_ Robert de Macclesfield.
, (Andrew Stanlow.
1499, The Same .•-..-  J (, Robert Iticell.
iQ/ifv IT r Richard Candelan.
liJUO, Hugh de Birchill ....-< C Robert Tthell.
,„„, . r Richard Candelan.
idui, Alexander Hurell •••i (.Mag. John be Tsbvin.

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.

213

("Robert Macclesfield.
1302, Hugh de Birchill - .^J |_ Roger Dunfould.
('Henry de Blackerode.
1303, The Same  • . • <^ William 'Son ot? ¥eter de
(_ Birchill.
ln/^J T> V -(Benedict Stanton.
1304, Richard Xew-genoub,. I
OR ReGEN ATOR ....: I j^jj^ -WiKWICK.
:, it Richard Candelan.
1305, Hugh de Birchill....^ ^.^^^^^ Son, «f .Peter j,^
; V. BirceIll.
.r" Gilbert Dunfould.
1306, The'Same  • < RoKER le Spajiks.
-- V. Hugh de Wheatley.
r William Son op Peter de
1307, The Same  r.rl Birchill.
(.Roger de Macclesfield,
THenry-Blackbrode.
1308, Ben-ejjict SiAsioN ..../ (.Richard de Hugh Moles.
f Gilbert de Dunfould,
1309, Hugh BiBCiHiLL  i
t Richard de Wheatley.
f John de Blund.
1310, The Same  -J ^ Richard de Wheatley.
r Robert Macclesfield.
1311, The Same ••  "• ^ William Fitz Peter de Bib-
( chill.
. . -T William de Doscaseeb, Jun.
1312, The Same  <
(.'RlGBAUD E-USSEIX.

214

MAYORS AND- SHERIFFS.

S^m^i- €)^et;iff(.
("Gilbert Dunfould.
William le Peak.

1313, Benedict Stanton. •••.<'

( Richard le Wood.
1314, John Blund  ' .
(. Richard de Whe,vtley.
,,  „ f Richard Russell.
1315, The Same  ) (.Richard de WHEATEEr.
ioi<! T^ ^ fRicHARD LE Wood.
liilb, William Domcaster. ..J (.William le Blund.
1317, John Blund, .Ojerf .... r William Clark.
Wm. Doncasteb, Succeeded i Wilham Mclvecon.
loio Tmr T. (Richard de Wheatley.
1318, William Doncaster .. >(Richard le Brine.
To,^ r., „ ("Gilbert de Dunfould.
1319, The Same  J (.Robert de STRANGBTtiYS.
1320, William Son of Peter r-^""" Deresbury.
DE Birchill  ^_ „
I JioGEB LE Blund..
laoi T T. C Gilbert Dunfould.
1821, John Birchill  ^
t Richard Whea-tley.
1322, The Same  S ""=°ard Russell.
i Richard Wheatley.
1323, William Clark  ("Ro^^^ ^^ Q""e or White.
(.John de Deresbury.
1334, William Son^f Peter , William Bassingwerk.
DE Birchill, Died ..1 Richard le Brine, Died.
EicH. Russell, S«cw<?.d( Richard WftEATLBv, Succeeded.

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 215
©Setia^i.
(Richard Ernes.
1325, Richard le Bruin • • . ¦ -^ ( Roger Norleigh.
{Richard Ernes,
Roger Spark.
f Richard Wheatley.
1327, Richard Ernes  -< (Thomas de Strangewaye*.
(Roger Macclesfield.
1328, The Same  ^( Maddock de Capenhurst.
f Henry Hurrell.
1329, William de Birchill •? |_ Maddock de Capenhurst.
f Roger de Broug&ton.
1330, The Same  K
( Henry Wade.
,„„ _ _. \ William Basin wark.
133t, Roger le Blond or j
Bi-^ND  y Roger LE Harpur.
(Roger de Norlegh.
^332, The Same  -? / Maddock Capenhurst.
jf John Barnes.
1333, Richard I>e Wheatley ? / Maddock Capenhurst.
If Daniel Russell.
1334, Roger le Blond  J
) Robert Ledsham.
( Henry Toeband.
1335, John Blond  J (_ William Kelsall.
/Daniel Russell.
a336, Roger le Blo^d  ¦ i '\_ Roger Capenhurst.

216 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.
jfHENRY HCKBELL.
1337, John Blond  ...i » .
1^ Maddock Capenhurst.
fJoHN DE Hawarden.
1338, The Same  i (_Edmund de Watlrfall.
1339, The Same  -j The Same.
rJoHN DE Ha-WARDITN.
1340, Robert de Ledsham • . i
[ IJohn de Stoke.

TMaddock Capenhurst.
1341, Richard Capenhurst.. i (.Thomas de Hargrave.
TMaddock Capenhurst.
1342, The Same  J (.Richard de Wenepleet.
- jJ-WiLLiAM DE Doncaster.
1343, John Blond  J
'^ JLKichard Bruin.
TMaddock Capenhurst.
1344, Richard Capenhubst- • i (.Bartholomew Norworthek,
,„,„ „ fJoHN Barres.
1345, The Same 

¦1

William Hadlegh.

JtAa TI r^ fHuGH DE MuLVESTON.
1346, Henry Toebaed  J LRichabd de Ridlegh.
1347, John Blond  T^illiam de Capenhurst,
(.Richard de Ditton,

mayors and sheriffs. 217
Sga^orsi,- ©ijnifis.
TAdam de Wheatley.
1348, The Same  ..J ' .(.William Darnoldshaw.
=1349, Bertram Nomhen o* C
NoRWORTHEN, was sloin ) m c
' < The Same.
Richard Bruin, succeeded (_
("WlIXIAM DE HuxL^y,
1350, JoHS Blond  J (.Stephen de Kelsall,
("Robert de Castle,
'1351, Tbe Same  .....J ^ e a r>
' ^ John Son of Adam le Quite
(, OR White,
C Thomas Wyse,
1352, The -Same  ? (. Adam del Hope.
("William Brassie,
J353, Richard Bruin  J (.Adam Ingram.
< William Brassie.
1354, The Same  < (. Roger Ledsham.
C Benedick de Ridlegh.
5355, John Bloni> ..........? (. Hamon de Didsbuby.
("Alexander Belleteb.
1356, The Same ....^..  J (_JoHN C0JJ.IE.
rWlLtlAM 1)E BEAUMARIS.
1357, TSE Same ....... ..-.•^. J (,TaouA<8 DE Appleton.
("John Collie,
43e&, Thb Sa«« .,,... .....'J {.William db MbcKtifSTd**,
Bb

^18 mayors and sheriffs.
fJoHN DE GaRNOLD.
1339, Alan de WiIE atLe y • • • . i( Henry Walsh.
C Henry Done.
1360, The Same  .,? t. Hugh de S-tretton.
fWiLLiAM DE Huxley.
1361, The Same  ^ (.Thomas Peacock.
f Richard Manley.
1362, The Same  J (^Jeffrey Flint.
.,, f JdHS Collie.
1'3G3, Roger Ledsham  i( William Bebe croft.
. ' f David de Eulow.
1364, The Same  .J (.John de Cotton.
r Robert Fox.
1365, John Dalby-  J L Henry Stapie.
,  „ fJoHN Chamberlain.
1366, The Samb  ) (.William del Hope.
-. (Nicholas de Troughford.
Jd67, Richard Bruin  J (Richard de Hawarden.
-,„-„ „ , ' ("John le Armerer.
1368, The Sai4e ......:. ....J (.William DansSn, .'Skinner.
.^1an T ,„ (Thomas DOun or Da^n.
iob9, John Whitmore, Jun. -c(. John le Armerer.
¦inin n, „ ( Thos. de Fesse or Frere.
'¦370, The Same  ?
V Richard Dunfould,

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 219
apagocs. ©llJrtffs.
¦ f Ralph Thropp,
1371, The Same  ••r<

¦\

Robert Collie.
Robert del Broughton.

^372, The Same ' Richard de Berkenhead.
f Robert le Marshall,
1373, Alexander Belleter -.< (.Hugh de Dutton.

1374, Richard Bbuin, Jun.

r William Bradburn,
[ William Savage.
Robert Collie.

1375, Richard Dunfould ugh Dutton,

'John Barber.
1376, The Same ' "UHN BeBINDON.

r Rob
Ihug fJoE
(Job

C Thomas de Apulton.
1377, Thomas de Bradford < C John lb Amerer.
("Roger Potter.
1[378, The Same  J
(.Stephen Carley.
C Roger Potter.
1379, John le Chamberiain ¦• i ,
t Ralph Hatton.

1380, The Same  <
1381, David de Eulowe -..
}?82, The Same  •

fJoHN Hatton.
Gilbert de Billiteb.
r John Coixie.
(; William de Barton.
( Roger de Ditton.
(.Richard le Hewsteb^

220 MAYORS AND SHEBIFrS.
gpajors. €)|)erlffB.
( Robert de Ditton,
1383, The Same  ? (. Robert Lancelin.
{Thomas Wood.
John Pbeston.
, f John Delwych,
1385, The Same, Died  J (; Richard Strangewayes.
("John de Modesley.
1386, John Armerer  ^ (.William. Blackrode>
(Henry Yeate.
1387, The Same  J (John del Hall,
{Thomas Hurrell.
John de Arrow.
("Ralph de Polton.
1389, Ralph Marshall . ...>.. ^ I John de Madeley..
{Ralph de Hatton.
John, de Bebington..
("Robert Davers.
1391, Gilbert Trusseli. ..^^J (.Roger le Potter..
,„  „ „ ("Robert Lancelin.
1392, The Same  J LJohn de Preston.
(Richard le Hewstoiu
139.5, John Armeber  ..( (.Thomas Pigott,
,„„, ^ „ (Hugh de Ditton,
1394, The Same  J (.Roger de Ditton,.

mayors &nd sheriffs. 221
("Roger Ditton.
1395, J«H« Capenhurst  •¦< (.AViLLiAM Preston.
f John Madeley.
1396, The Same  •  i ( William Heath.
t Richard Straugeways.
1397, The Same •  •  I ( John Hawarden.
r J. Fitz David de Haw ard ek
1398, The Same  A LRichabd Stalmon.
C John Hardyn or Hawarden,
1399, The Same  < (, Robert Bradley.
(William Heath.
1400, John Bebington  < (Richard Stalmon.
r John Harden.
1401, The Same, Died  \
J Thomas Acton, Died,
John Marshall, Succeeded i
^.JoHN Abrow, Succeeded.
rlnNocENT Chesterfield.
1402, Roger Porter  < t. William Kempe.
("John Hall.
1403, Ralph Hatton  ^
' (.John Arrow.
("William Ratchdale.
1404, John Pbeston  -< (.Thomas Allen.
("Robert le Chamberlaim.
1405, John Ewlowe  < (_JoHN Hatton.

222 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS..
Majors. ©Iiert©*.
("John HA-noN,
1406, The Same  ..J (; Thomas Cottingham.
(John Walsh.
1407, The Same  ,  J (.Ellis Trevor,
f John Walsh.
1408, The Same  J (.Hugh Mutton.
1409, The Same, removed,  r^ „
I John Tabpubleigh.
SjR Wm. BreeetoNj 1 „
made Goi'ernor of the city. j^H^GH Mutton.
("John Bbown,
1410, Roger Potter  -/ (^ Ellis Trevor.
f William del Hope.
1411, John Walsh ..-.  <{ (.Richard de Hatton.
r John del Hope.
1412, John Whitmore  J (Hugh de Mutton.
f John del Hope.
1413, The Same  ) L Richard le Spicer.
, ., . _, „ ("John del Hope.
1414, The SA.-BE  1, (.JcEN Overton.
,.,. T w fJoHN DE Hatton,
1415, John Walsh  J (.Robert del Hope.
i/iifi T TT ("John DE Hatton.
1416, John DE Hawarden-..,/ (.Richard le Spicer.
1417 T « « ^ Bobert Hall.
1417, John Overton or Oulton \
I Thomas Cliffe.

MAYORS AN-D SHERIFFS.
Spasotsi, ©IjeriKsi.
r Alexander Henbury.
1418, William Hawarden .... i
(John Bbadeley.
r RoBEBT Hall.
1419, John ttoPE  '•¦ i (. Stephen BeLleter.
f William Malpas
1420, The Same  i (. Nicholas Wirvin.
I Richard Massey.
1421, The Same  ....J ^ William Malpas.
( Robert Hewster.
1422, John Walsh  jfi^„„^,g Russsell
V. OR Trussell.
( Hugh Woodcock,
1423, John Hatton  -? l Richard Weston.
f Richard Massey,
1424, JoHh Hope  J i Adam DE Wotton,
C Richard Massey.
1425, The Same ¦  J I William Stanneer.
rRoGER DE WaLSHALL.
1426, The Sam6 ............ -i [.Thomas de W6ttoS.
("Thomas Madeley.
1427, Thomas Mad eley  <
"(.John Flint.
f Thomas Bradford,
'1428, John de Bradley ••••¦{ (.William Holme.

223

K ' ' ' ---"¦
234 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.
Spagow. ^ittifcii.
^ 'TEdward Skinned.
1429, John \Valsh  ...J -(.Hugh Green or Greys.
rJoHN Freeman, , , .
1430, Robert Hope  ¦! J^RicHARD Hankey.
TJahn Filrinton.
1431, Richard Massey  '>• 1 (.Richard Tinkers.
j^Thomas WaileY,
1432, The &AMfe  *. i LDavid Skinner.
{William Rogerson, Barheih '
Hugh Hickling, Mercer.
.rBARTHOL ByAIi^ON.
1434, Adam WoTYom  i (.Thomas Hamon.
fJoHN Cottingham, Afercen
1435, JoH« Walsh - • • •*  i (.Robert Eaton.
{John Mino*.
John Layett.
("John Flint.
1437, RicBARD Massey ...... J LThomas Wood.
1438, Richard Wester, or ) ^""^ ^°^^^^^' Merchant,
Weston  .J™ # Thomas Clark.
r Robert Gill, -/Wfrcer.
1439, Nicholas Daniel ....I.J LPeter Savagit.

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 225
<St)ttiS0.
(Will. Williamson, Barber.
1440, John Pilkington  i( Will. Massey de Coddinqton.
f Thomas Lilue.
1441, Hugh Woodcock  i L Hugh Neile.
C Philip Hewster,
1443, John Flint  ^ (. Robert Walley.
TJenkin Lowtheb.
1443, Nicholas Daniel  >-< (.John Rochlby.
1444, The Same •  ^The Same.
{Bichabd Barrow, Barber.
William Barker,
C Rowland Hunt, Mercer.
'1446, Edward Skinner  <
> .cRicHABD Eccles.
1447 The Same, Died  IJenkin Williamson.
Will. RoaEliS, Succeeded I Rogeb Ledsham.
1448, William Rogebson, or V'^" ^'^*"'¦^^•
^""^^^  ^Robert Bruin.
{John Southworth.
Henry Hernes.
("Richard Hawarden.
•J450, William Whitmore ••••J (.James Hubdleston.
Cc

226 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.
Spajot^, €)l)frtfi£i..
("Richard Massey, Merchant.
1451, John Dutton de Hatton ¦< (, Richard Rayhford, Walker.
' ¦•¦ ¦ • ("Robert Rogebson, V inter.
1452, William Stanner, Vintexl (.Tho. Gahbat or Gebbard.
("Hawlin Mab^vall,
1453, Nicholas Daniei,, Es«. i (^Jenkin Trafford.
("John BABRaw,
1454, The Sairie ..  "..••¦,< (.John Gosvenor.
TThomas Kent, Mercer.
1455, Jenkin Cottingham •....< (.William Hankey, Skinner.
f Jenkin Ronckhorn, Butcher..
145G, The Same  -J(Richard Bower.
.. ,(" Richard Buckley.
1457, Nicholas Daniel  i \j\\ii:Lii.M Tricett.
f Thomas- Macclesfield.
1158, The Sa-me- ..-......:.-.. ^ (^Robert Acton.
rWii4,iAMi LiLLEY, Mercer.
1459, John Southwqrth . . . . -f (.Nicholas Macclesfield.
..:,. ("Roger Warminshaw.
1460, The Same  <* (.Henry Day.
f Tuo. Cottingham, Mercer.
1-461, David Ferrer  -P ¦ ;
(John Chamberlain, ('Inter.

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.

227

Spagorfi. "Sluriffs.
r John Goldsmith, Bptcher,
1462, Robert Bro-wn, Zh-aper J Hugh Frere, Died.
(. William Gough, Succeeded..

1463, Robert Rogerson

1464, .Roger Ledsha

1463, Richard Rainford ..

1466, William Lilley, AIer,crr

1467, John Southworth, Esq.

1468, John Dedwood,. Genl,,.«

("John(^Alex.
f RlCHAHI
M, Draper < i WlLLIAJ
f Jai
I Jo

John Spencer, Draper.
.INDER StANNEY.

1469, Thojhas Kent-

ARD Green.
AM Runcorn.
James Norris, Olmiei:
HN Fenton, Butcher,.
t William Rawson.
( William Thomason.,
f William Sharman.
(, Richard Sharp.
(¦ Richard Gerrard.
t Robert Nottebvili.
f Joi
(.He

1470, Thomas Cottingham

1471, RoBEBT Rogerson

1472, John Spencer, Draper i.

'John Smith, Mercer.
Ienky Ball, Draper,.
("Thomas Fernes.
L William Richmond.
("Henry Port, Mercer.
(.Richard Harpur, Butcher..
C John Evans, Glover,

Nicholas Hopkinson.

228 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS,
gpagotJS. €)6eriffs.
f John Barrow, Ironmonger.
1473, John Whitmore, Esa. . ¦ i (William Sneyd, Draper..

1474, John SouthwObth, Esq. -J

f Rogeb Hurleston, Mercer..
Robert Walley, Butcher.

f Richard Smith, Saddler.
1475, The Same  J (.Thomas Eccles, Huckster...
f Henry Warmincham.
1476, Hugh Massey  J (.Roger Lightfoot^

1477, John Southworth, Es(t.-<

f George Bulkley,
Thomas Hurleston,

(Robert Elswick, Fletcher..
1478, Robert N ottervill ....J , (John Mansfield, /ipotheeart/...
,_„ ,„ „ „ ("Robert Walker, Vuher.
1479, William Sneyd, Draper <^ (.Mathew Johnson, Hewster,
f Ralph Davenpoht.
1480, J OHN SOUTHWOBTH  -J (j William Heywood, Cook:

1481, RogerHurleston, yi/jrce?-
1482, The Same 

{

John. Dedwood, Goldsmith,.
Henry Francis, Butcher.
Roger Taylour, Founder^
Roger Burgess,

,.„„ _ _^ f Peter Smith, yifercer.
1483, John DeD-vtood -.,,,, ti (.John Runcorn, Butcher;..

mayors and sheriffs. 239
("John Nobbis.
1484, Sir John Savage  J (^HuGH Hurleston,
r Thomas Barrow, Mercer..
1485, The Same  .••'} i Richard Gardner.
^Randal Sparrow,
I486, Henry Port  -< Henry Harpur, Died.
^ 'Richard Spencer, Succeeded.
("Randal Sparrow.
1487, Hugh Hurleston  < (.Nicholas Lowker.
f Thomas Bunbury.
1488, George Bulkley  i i Robert Barrow.
i John Cliffe, Mercer.
1489, Ralph Davenport  2(. Thomas Manning.
f Richard Wright.
1490, John Barrow-  i (, Richard Wibball.
(Edmund Farrington.
1491, Randal Sparrow  -<(Richard Hockenhall.
("Richard Goodman, Merchant.
1492, Roger Hurleston ¦ , , . J (.RicHABD Barker.
("Ralph Manley.
1493, Ralph Davenport  J (^Richabd Grosvenor.
("Henry Bellfront.
1494, George Buikley,  < (.John Walley.

230 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.
^agors. ©Ijtti®.
f Nicholas Newhouse, Glover..
1495, Richard Wirrall.- ••'• -c t Randal Smith, Sherman.
t Thomas Smith, Mercer.
1496, Thomas Barrow, Mercer'. l_ TuooR AP Thomas, Mercer.,
(¦John Grimsditch.
1497, Thomas Farrar  / (.Rowlin Eaion.-
f Richard Fletcher.
1498, Richard Goodman- .••.-? (. Thomas Thornton.
("Roger Smith.
1499, John Cliffe  J (.John Walley.
(¦James Manley.
1500, Thomas Farrar  < (.Richard Walton.
(William Rogerson.
1501, Ralph Davenport  i( RicHABD Lowe,. Pewterer..
("William Ball, Draper.
1502, Richard Weight  J I Thomas Gill, Butcher.
'(".loHN Tatton.
Ii03, Richard Goodman, Es4.<( (^JoHN Rathborn.
('Tho.mas Harden.
1504, Thomas Smith, Sen. . . J (^William SnbydI
( IIamnet Goodman, Shoreman.
1505, Tbomas Thornton ...-•( (. John Bradfield, Baker.
("Robert Barrow, Mercer.
1;j06, Thomas Barrow, Merceri (. IIamnet Johnson, Draper,

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 231
Spagotji. ©Iietilfe.
(John Harpur, Mercer.
3507, Richard Wirrall, Glover }
(Robert Goulburn.

CEdmund Smith.
»1508, Thomas Hawarden ...^i (_ William Davison.

c

J"Thomas Crook, Merchant.
il509. Rich. Wright, Draper '.Richard Brewster, Barker..

1510, WujtiAH Rogerson

(¦Thomas Houghton, Bowyer.
(.Henry Radford, Barker.

1511, Thomas Smith

;1512, Pierce Dutton ¦

Hugh Clark.
Charles Eaton.
(Thomas Middleton.
David Middleton.

'I

1513, Sib Piebce Dutton- •¦

( John Bbickdale.
/ RoBEBT AlDEBSEY.

/^William HurdlsstoIj.
.1514, The Same, declared «b-v ^ John Looker, both superseded
duly elected, and superseded -i^ J by William Goodman and
by Sows Rathbone. r
\^ Richard Grimsditch.

.1515, Sir Thos. Smi^h, Sen, .1 l

["Thomas Smith, Ironmonger.
Robert Wright, Draper.

fHuGH Aldersey, Draper.
1516, William Sneyd, Draper < LRanoal Done, Skinner.

232 MAYOKS AND SHERIFFS.
Spagoicis. ©Ijtrtffis.
fWiLLiAM Offley.
1517, William Davison  i (.Nicholas Johnson.
("Pierce Smith.
1518, Thomas Babbow  i L Robert Middleton.
("John ap Griffith.
1519, John Rathbone  ¦..< LRichard Anyon, Barker^
TThomas Goulbourn.
1520, Thomas Smith, Sen. . . J LChristopheb Warminsham.
("Ralph Rogebson.
1521, The Same  J (.Thomas Bamvill.
TRoGER Barlow.
1-522, William Davison  i LJohn Woodward, Hewster,
,,„ .^ fRoGER Pike.
1523, David Middleton .... J LStephen Cross,
TRicHARD Evans,
1524, R. Goulbourn, Draper i LJohN Dimmock.
(John Walley.
1525, Rob. Aldersey, jt)raper < LHenry Eaton,
rHuGH Davenport.
1526, Robert Barrow, Gent. < L Foulk Dutton.

MAYORS AND SHERI^-FS. 233

I-..) „:¦•.•..¦.. , (Thomas Hall.
1527, Thomas Smith, Sen,-. V I
¦¦'*'' (J Henry Gee, Draper.
rS^D^ABD Davenport.
1538, Hugh Aldersey, X)»-(7)er<. (.Robert Barton.
{THohas Rogebson, ob Ro-
GERS, Merchant.
Ralph Goodman, Skinner.
'•'-'¦¦ •-'-¦¦- r Lawrence Dutton, Mercer.
1530, Thomas Smith, Sen. .•<
• ,; ¦¦'.-. (.William Massey, Draper.

1531, William Sneyd, Draper-f

("Robebt BrerewOoD, Glover,
Thomas Barrow, Glover.

(William Beswick, 'Goldimlth,
'1532, William Goodman ....-? (Richard Hunter, Tailor,
• :; , r Randal Mainwaring.
1533, Henry Gee, Merchant^- i I Hugh Hanckey,
¦».<,j T. T. , r ' fjoHN ThoBNTON.
4o34, Ralph Rogerson, Iron-)
««»tser  •"¦•• I^Thomas Martin.
("Robert "Walle'y.
1535, Sir Thomas Smith ...•-< .(^-tkCHARD WitEWCH.

li=o<! ^r r, nr CGEORGE"LBECHE,/»-0W»M0njer.
¦1536, Will, Goodman, Mer-, , J
'¦'"'«'  0 George Lightfoot, ButtsKer,
Do

234

M*}?^Bp. 4JID SVEJUJE-^S.

^ajocf. €)l)erifi*.
,. , ,,,...¦ ("William Glaseor.
•1537, Foulk Dutton, Drapeii. <. , , ;
.,i (.Roger Whitehead,
C Thomas Aldersey, Draper.
1538, DAvPd MrasLiiirow ¦ > • - -< t^RicHABD DixoN, Fishmonger.
("William Aldebsey, Merchant.
iS&9, ME.SRY ©*«, ISrmfl^''' •'¦ S
. , , ' (.W^LL. Whitiheg, /»•«¥» W-S'*"^'
( ' '' '' -> '
"" ' (John Smith, Draper.
-1540, Laubence Smith, Ssj. i
,^ (Thomas Langley, iKej-e/tani.
I, '-. ,. iopa!-' in---;!: r Richard Sneyd, Draper,
' „!,„„, ' ' < Ralph Aldebsey, Merchi. died.
c^ftni Ct? •;"'¦¦"¦¦•?!¦• ) Ra«dal BAMVII.B, Succeeded,

ii

t Adam Goodman, Merclianl.
-1(542, Wif L. Beswipk, Golds)iiMil''¦'-''' " ' (^Edmund Gee, Mercl^ntf

1543, William Sneyd, Esq. • . J
-,' .1 ..-,¦ (

(Ralph Radfobd.
John Rosengreave.

("William Leech, Draper.
Offley, Merchant.
1545, Will. Holcroft, 5^-/. /"__ „ „.r ,
rf.»J- V / .. - - I Richard Poolj Merehani.
John Wall^x, 5«rf«i;a^(. ^"" Grimsditch, il/«-c/,a«(,
1546, Hu<iH46RWS«y,^>!¥?i.,. r William Bird, tanrter.
John Smith, Succeeded.. (.Thomas Smith, Draper.
', '-¦ '. i-iIl-,-.jr^J •.-,-1,, ,,,.'• -.-("Richard RathbonEj Draper,
1647, 'lU^ilKK OoOiSMAN ¦ ¦ • J » if.-^¦-' (.Thomas Bavand, Ironmonger,

1544, Robert Barton, Merch,^ (.John
. HOLCROFT, Est/. /"_
•/ . '- --'- I RlCHA
 J, ............ J
Wall?^, Suecee^i. ^""

J J

MAYOlri» jfStf »ftlifRl»W.' ^i

'John Websteji, yWej-cer. ,
^Robert Jones, Ironmonger.

1548,. Foulk Duttoh

'I

1549, Thomas Ald-ebsey

' (Rich. Massey, Upholsterer.
'• L MoBBicE WiLLLVMS, MercAan*.

1350,- EwMuND- GEfe,: DietJ.J.. f Ralph Goodman, ^e»-cAaB/.,
;->, , ..' II :„-- ; ..- . !.-
WMiri,G«MiBi*!^, .S*l'«t*/erf(. Peers Street, Bntcker.

S Ralph Roger^,..
.„„,,  _„  ^ , "' ¦' '¦' '¦''' '''-'¦ ' ¦'¦ -- ' '
'¦'¦: >< ¦- ' (Thomas Green, Canrf/ewiflier.

1.552,. Thoma,s Smi.'fPy Draper • {¦)

( CTb,o., SAUNDE^s,^.ij'oi>^Kfier,;
Will. Broun kbhank. Glover.

C HENB.Y Haeswab,?, 4^cA«?«;«^
1553, JoHiN Offley, Merchant, C William Ball, Glover.

1554, Foulk Dutton  < . . , ,j v v,
(.John Cooper, Ironm

f Roburt Amary, MereJifiif.
John Cooper, Ironminger.

C Tho. VVoodwall, Ironmonger.
1555, John SmithJ Draper' .-'J . ,^- i,^j,,i7, ., ; ., ,
, (, John' Reece, Mercer.
(John Hankey, Innkeeper.
t-556, John 'VtEBSTER, Tlfe-cer \ .^i -"-- iii.ij;''!'i ¦ -• -
('Thomas Bellin, i&ercer.
fJoHN Newell, Gent, Clerk of-
looi, WiLLiA--tt Bird, 7«»«e»- -i . ,.. , e ¦
(Tho Burges, Beer Brewer,

1338, Sir Lawrence- Smith - • <

("John Yarotorth, Ce^i.
William Jewet, Merchant,

236. mayors and sheriffs..
Spasors. "Slieriffs.
Christopher Morvill, -SfereA..

("Christopi (.Simon Mo

1559, Henry Hardware, J)iere7t.._ Mountford, Pewterer.

C'Robeb.tOrysvs.st, Merchant.,
1660, Will.. Aldersey, -S/ej-e/i.. •< .. '. -i
{.Richard Boydill, Joiner.

{:

^'"Richard Dutton, Gent.
1561, Jo. Cqwpeb, Ironmonger ¦ '.Thomas Pillen, Shoenmker..

1362, Randal Bamvile, Draper^

("William Hamnet, Draper..
John Harvey, Glover.
("Hugh Rogerson, Draper.

1563, Sir Lawrence Smith , (.Gilbert Knowles, Pewterer,^
(Henry Leech, Draper.
1-564; Richard Pool, Merchant ) (Evan de Neston, Hewster.

i' V

1565, Thomas Green, TallowA B'"'"'^K» Thompson, Draper..
^  I William Dod, Shoreman.

("William Bird, Tannei:
1566, Sir William Sneyd. .<•< (.Robert Brerewood, Glover„
("Edwaed Martin, Draper...
1567, Richard Dutton  •¦-< '
(.Oliver Smith, Draper.

..("Edward Hanner, Draper,^
1368, William Ball^ Glauer . ..i , , ,
(.Roger Lea, Ironmonger.

{¦ Richard Massey, Gent.
t369. Sir John Savage  < (.Peter Lithekland, Tanner..

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 337
(¦John Middle-ton, Merchant.
William Styles, Mercer.

1570, Sir Lawrence Smith ••<

("Richard Bavand, Ironmonger.
1571, John Hankey, Innkeeperi
I ' ¦ ,, (.William Ball, Same.

(.Ro

Richard Wright, Draper.
1573, Roger Lea, Ironmongerf '.Robert Hill, Tailor,

1573, Richard Dutton  < i

f William Massey, Merchant.
Paul Chantrell, Mercer.

' ¦ ' if John Allen, ffrapjer. ,;
1574, Sib John Savage  -jv ; (. Will. Goodman, Merchant.

1573, Henry Hardware, Mer-

{William Goulborn, Gent,
David Dimmock, Tanner.
(Thomas Lyneall, Hatpiaker,
1576, John Harvey, Skinner i
' ^Jows Barnes, Tanner.
r Valentine Bboug-hton, Mercer.
1577, Thomas Bellin, Merceri i John Tilston, Mercer.

1578, Will. J Ey^ETpMerchant <

("David Montfobd, Pewterer.
Randal Leech, Menhani.

1579, Wii,LiA.-H Goodman, Mer- ^
chant. Died  \Robeet Brooke, Gent.
Hugh Rogerson, Z)rn;)«-,yDAviD Lloyd, Draper.
Succeeded ...-»»« i. J . ^ ^ ("Richard Bird, Tanner^
1580, William Bird, Tanner I (.Will. Cotgreave, Ihnholder.

238 MAYOR» AND, SHEBIFFS.,

.".,'.¦ '; C R'obert Wall, Ironmonger^
1581, Rich. Bavand, /ron?»o?<^CT--^ /
(.John Fitton, Same..
, CThomas Cooper, Drapen
1582, William Styles,. Mercei-l ' ¦ 7
(^RicHABD Rathbone, Merch..

^Thomas Fletcheb, Draper.
Will. Mutton, Goldsmith, died'.

 s
1583, Rob. Beerewood, Gbwer-i JRichabd Massey, Draper,.
V Succeeded,.
1584, Valentine Bboughto*, J"^^"" Aldebsey, Merchant-.
Mercer ....'  I ij V ^
,.1 , » > , ¦;' , I Henry Anion, Tanner.
-.-.:. ' ', ("Thomas Tatlow, Merchant, .
1585, Edmund Gamul, ^n<cr'.^ . . <. ,
, ! (Thomas LynAkSb, Cooper.

1586, Will. Wall, Ironmonger
1587, Rmi. firtEitBwooU, Gloi

r Robebt Amery, Ironmonger,.
; Richard Kt^^h, Mereha?tt.
I Thomas Habbottle, Mercer.
f John Williams, Same.

1-588, Rob. Brooke, Qent, Dietf r„ „ „
\RicHABD Spencee, Gent.
WiLLjiM Hamnet, Drn-),,, t. -r.
per. Succeeded  ^VVilliam Maio, Tanner,
1589, WiLLivM Cotgeeave,, .Cthubstan Holinshead, Cent,.
Innkolder .-,,,...,','..%

1590, William Massey, Merch OHN Waeden, Same.

'("Jo
•(.To

GoDFEEY 'WynnE, Butcher,
Ratchiffe, Beer Brewer,

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 239
SpaK0«,i1; ^'^txittg. ^ ,.
{Ralph Allen, Shoemaker,
¦ "- ¦ ,- ' , ¦ ,j I
Richard Broster, Tanner.
. '. , . r Peter Newell, Merchant.
•1593, JPHW, Fitton, Ironmonger) -,^^^ g^^^_ ^^.^^ Ta:^!^, '
1. Innliolder.
' rJoBW Lhtleb, Driver.
-^83, Dayjd ltu>vs>. Draper •• i (.John Francis, Tanner.
/"William Knigslt, Gent, Clerk
,lSi94, FouKK-ALSElcsev, Mer- } of' the Pentice,
chant  'S V^Henry Hamnet, Draper.
f Philip Philip's, Halter.
-1595, Will. Aldersey, Mereli.K ( William Leicester, Mercer,
(" John Aldersey, Merchant.
1596, Thomas Smith, Esq-----< (^Rowland Barnes, Same.
1597, Sib John Savage, Died f 'William Thkop, Farrier,
Tho. Fletcher, Succeeded ^.Robert Fletcher, Hatter.
("John Brerewood, Glover.
Lewis Roberts, Ironmonger.
John Owen, Mercer,

3598, Rich. Rathbone, Mereh.-l

{Joh Joe

^509, Henby Hardware, »HN Moyle, Draper.
!l600, Rob. QsEBEwooD, Glover, /'Edward Butwn, Innholder,
^'^  ,1ed. Bennett, Shoemaker, died.
Rich. Bavand, /.oKmo;,- ix*.. Wbimt, Hattir, Sue
g(r, Sv£ee0iedf-i m'f \ ceeded.

240 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.

^aKoj;?. ! ; ©5l«i®.
i C Jo. Ratcliffe, Jun. Brewer,
1601, John Aatcliffe, BrewerJ '• -' ' - >
(. Owen Harris, Ironmonger.
¦• ' ' ¦'• : ("William Gamul, Merchant.
1602, Hugh Glaseor, Esg....J "¦ ^ (^William JohnsoD, Same.

{;

_' William Aldebsey, Same.
1603, John Abd EBSE^, Merch. ".William Manning, Inn/iolden

("Thomas Rivington, Brewer.
1604. Edward Dutton, £.!y.... .^ (. Kendrick ap Evans, Innholdtr.

'Robert Blease, Apothecary,
1605, John Littler, Draper,.^ .THjbMAs Harvey, -/fcTejcAcw*/.

(Thomas Throp, Vinter.
1606, Philip Phillips, Haiter I(Richard Fljstcher, - ^/av rr>
("Robert Whitby, Gent.
1607, Sir John Savage ...... -< {.George Brooke, Gent,

."Edward Kitchens, Merch.
1608, William Gamul, Meich, . Robert Amery, Ironmonger.

{
¦{I

, Jhables Fitton, Merchant.
1609, Will. Leycester Merch.i George Harper, Ironmonger.
(Hugh Williamson, -/Ifercej*.
1610, Thomas HABVEYj.jWere/j.-^ . {.John Thbop, Tailor.
("Nicholas Ince, Maister.
Itill, John Ratcliffe, Breweri {.-Robert Fletcbbb, Hatter^

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 341
Spagorsf. ©iiniffjs.
f Tho. Whitby, son of the Mayor
961% Robert Whitby, Gcnt..J„ _. -
^ Peter Drinkwater, Iron-
\_ monger,
1613, Will. Aldersey, Jun. fEB^AKD Bathoe, Clothier,
j Thomas Peecival, Saddler.
1614, Will. Aldersey, Sen, Jr^'^i'-^kd Aldebsey, Aterch.
Merchant  in t. r.
I Robert Bennett, Draper,
("Randal Holme, Painter.
1615, Thomas Thbop, yinter i {.Thomas Weston, Glover,

' Tho, Sutton, Innholder, Died.
1,616, Ed. Button, Innholder ..< Tho. Bird, Tannei; Succeeded,
. John Cook, Glover,

C Foulk Salisbury, Ironmonger.
1617, Charles Futon, Merch.l (. Gilbert Eaton, Brewer.

1618, Sir Randal Manwaring

rjoEN Brebeton, Innholder,
[Robert Bebey, Merchant.

("Chaeles Walley, Innliolder.
1619, Hugh WiLLiAMS0N,./l!fe»"cer< {.Thomas Ince, Shoemaker.
{Humphrey Lloyd, Merch,
William Spabe, Ironmonger.
("William Allen, Draper.
1€31, Rob. Wuitbhead, Gerlt.} {.RiCHAKD Bbibge, Dkr,
E E

342 mayors and sheriffs.
Spajow, ¦ €)l)jriffsi,
. . ' (John Williams, Innholder,
1622, Sir Thomas Smith •¦•• < . ,
( Hugh Wicksted, Glover.'
("Christopher Blease, Merch.
1623, Jo. Brereton, Innkeeper I ( William Fisher, Innholder.
1624, Peter Drinkwater, f'^^''- Knowles, Ironmonger.

1'

°  I William Gi.EGe, Merchant.

("Rob. Sfboson, Haberdasher,
1625, Sir Randal Manwaring-^ (^Robert Habvey, Mercli^ht,-
("Richard Bennett, Draper,
1626, Nich. Ince, Maister •.••) {_ Thomas Humpheeys, Maister.
C William Edwaeds, Merchant.
1627, Richard Dutton, Esq.-i (.Thomas Aldersey, Same.

C Richard Leic:
1638, John Ratcliffe, Brewer^ (.James Leech,

ESTER, Mercer.
Same.

C John Aldersey, Ironmonger.
1G29, Christ. Blease, yi/o-c/i. <^ W. Higginson, 7«niee/;e)-,rf!e(/.
(. Rob, Ince, Draper, Succeeded.
("Thomas Theop, Merchant.
1630, Ch. Waxxey, Innkeeper. -J^ (.Thomas Cooper, Irpnpiongen.
1631, William Allen, Draper, r„ „ „
jaed  ;_ , ; I KicHAED Broster, Tanner.
Thomas Bird, Succeeded i,^"^^^^- Joshes, Linen Draper.

MAY09IS AND SHERXFJPS.

243

SpagoM-.
1632, Will. Spark, Iionmmiger

¦SljJClffB.-
l William Paenell, Merchant.
t Robebt Weight, Baker.

TRandal Holme, Painter, iSejs
1633, Randal Hoxble, /Vi«e J ' of Ihi Mayor.
.(^Rlchaed Bird, Merchant.
/^William Ince,, Marsluani.
1634, Francis Gawdll, Genl- - -^Tho. Eaton, Brewer, Died.
^^Edw. Evans, Mercer, Succeeded.
1635, Thomas Kkowles, 7,on- /'^"'""^^ ^^o^^-^' ^"""""'S^''-

monger

Calvin Brujn, Same

("Edward Brads
1636, Will. Edwards, Merch. { (.Owen Hughes,

Edward Bradshaw, Mercer.
Merchartt.

1637, Thomas Throp

1638, Robert Sfrbston

("Thomas Wes*on.
(^William Wilcock.
C Philip Sproson.

•I

William Drinkwater.

1639, Robebt n.uiv-EY

1640, Thomas Aldersey

1641, Thomas Coopee-.

C Richard Bradshaw.
C Raiph Hclton.
(John Wuij-tle.
^Edward Hulton.
("Thomas Mottersheao.
{.Hugh Leigh.

244 M,lYOBS AND SHERIFFS.
Spajow. "©Jjeciffft.
(¦John Johnson.
1642, William Ince  < (.William Crompton.
("William Whittell.
K43, Randal Holme, Jun. ••< {.William Bennett..
/"Humphrey Philips.
1644, Charles Walley  .< Ralph Davis, Died.
V. Randal THchardson, Succeeded^
1645, The Same  ^ IVo Sheriff's this year.
C John Wynne.
1646, William Edwards ,.,.? (. Richard Speoson.
1^7, Robebt Weight, Died ¦• r„, -,_
' I William Weight.
Edw. Bradshaw se»-we<?o«,<\ _ »»
the year  (^Richard Minshull.
("Jonathan Ridge..
1648, Richard Bradshaw ••.. -^ (.Gerrard Jones.
{Thomas Parnell.
RoRERT Capper.
("John Anderson.
1650, Richard Leicester- ¦"• •; (.Thomas Heath.
1651, Owen Hughes, Died ¦• f Thomas Harris,
John Johnson, served ouf ( Hugh Mason.
„,„ ^ (William Wilson.
1602, William Bennett  <; LRicbard ToWNSHENlr,

— - -ij^  MAYOES AND SHEEIFFS.
Spasors. ©Ijjrtffe!.
("Daniel Gretback.
1653, Edward Bradshaw  } {^Chaeles Faebington.
( Aethue Walley.
1654, Richard Bird  -? (. John Griffith.
("John Witter.
1655, William Wright  < (.John Pool.
("Thomas Robinson.
1656j Peter Leigh • . - -.  < {.Ralph Burroughs.
(William Street.
1657, Richard Minshull .... -J (William Bristowe.
1658, Thomas Hand, Died-., ("William Heywood.
Gerrabd Jones, Succeeded (_1RaJ!ii>ai. Oulton.
« ( Thomas Wilcock.
1659, John Johnson  •-< (.John Knowles.
C RicHABD Taylor.
1660, Arthur Walley  ^ (^ Randal Bennett.
("RlCBAED HaeEISON.
1661, Thomas Thbop ...-,... -^ {.John Hulton.
("John Maddocks.
1662, Richard Brostek  < ( William King.
(Charles Leinsly.
1663, John Pool  } ( Edward Kingssy.

245

246 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.
Spajotfi. ©fieciffii.
("Robert Muebay,
1664, Ric HAED Tayloe  ^J (.Richard Key.
{Gawen Hudson.
RiCUAED Annion.
C Henry Lloyd.
1666, William Street  J {^William Warrington.
("William Harvey.
1667, Richard Habbison ....J (.Robebt Caddock.

1668, Charles, Eael of ....} l^^''""'" Wright.
Derby. \ I John Young.

("Thomas Simpson.
lob9, Robert Mubbay  J {.Owen. Ellis.

-,„„ .T, ("William Wilme.
lb(0, Thomas Wilcock  J {.Thomas Billin

GTON.

/"Robert Townsend, Died.
1671, William Wilson  ? William Wilson, Succeeded.
^ Thomas Ashton.

Tr-,n ^ T. ("George Manwaring.
1072, tiAWEN Hudson ....

(.Benjamin Chitchley.
LLiAM Ince.

1673, Thomas Simpson 3TER Edwards.

rWiL
Ipet:

mayors and shebiffs. <Sl)etlfisi.
("Edward Oulton.
1674, Richard Wright-  J {^IsAAc Swift.
("Nathaniel Williamson.
1 675, Henry Lloyd  < (.Thomas Wright.
1676, John Young, Died  (Thomas Baker,
John Mao-dock, Succeeded (^Robert Shone,
( Thomas Hand.
1677, William Ince  / (.John Mottebshead,
{Hugh Starkey.
Robert Ftetcheb.
("Ralph Bub bows
1 679, William Wilme . . . . . »..J (^Feancis Skelleene.
("John Taylor.
1680, John Anderson  J {^William Starkey.
(William Allen.
1681, George Manwaring... • i (Henry Bennett.
("Robebt Hewitt,
1682, Peter Edwards  J (.William Bennett.
("John Wilme.
1683, William Street, ?(J time< {.Robert Murray.
("Richard Harrison.
1684, Sir Thomas Grosvenor< (.John .Tohnson.

247

248 mayors and sheriffs.
(Randal Turnef-

16p5, William Wilson

1686, Edward Oulton

^Richard Oulton.
'PuLESTON Partington.
' Nathaniel Anderton.

("Edward Staekey.
1687, Hugh Staekey  J (.Jonathan Whitby.
("Robebt Muehav.
1688, William Street, 3d time^ (.John Gouldborn.
(Edward Partington.
1689, Francis Skellerne .... J cRandal Bathoe,

, _ t areington.
1690, Nathaniel Williamson

("John War
(.Robert D

ESTITE.

1691, Henry, Earl op War- J Thomas Maddocks.
bington 

MAS
Michael Johnson.

f Joseph Maddocks.
1692, Col. Roger Whitley .-<' {^JoHN Burrows.
,cn„ ^ „ ( Thomas Hand.
1693, The Same  >
(. John Kinaston.
,„. . _, „ fABTHUR BoLL-lXD.
1694, The Same  J ^Thomas Bolland.
iKfi- -r, c (Timothy Dean.
169o, The Same  J (.John Holland.

mayobs ano shebiffs. 'CJames Manwabing.
1696, Peter Bennett  <
} {.Owen Ellis.
("Peter Edwarp.s.
1697, William Allen  i
'' {.William Francis.
("Thomas Farnel.
1698, Henry Bennett  <. {.Thomas Wright.
.rEDWABD PuiESTON.
1699, William Bennett  <
C.JoHN Bradshaw.
1700, Richard Oulton, Died (Humphrey PagB.
Hugh Starkey, Succeeded ( Thomas Bowker.
(William Allen.
1701, Thomas Hand ........ -J ([William Cokeb.
1703, William, Earl OP Derby ft „vt -ivi..,».t.,.t
Died November 5/A . . . . j ^°^^ Minshull,
Mich. Johnson, 5«.ff«rf.rfV='"'*« PARTiNiSTON.
f George Bennion.
¦1703, Nathaniel Anderton ••< (.John Thomason.
("Daniel Peck.
1704, Edward Partington ..•• < (_Thomas Houghton.
(¦John Springes.
1705, Edward Puleston ....? (.Randal Holme.
€ Thomas Davis.
1706, PuLEsxoN Partington ••< C Francis Sayeb.
F-F

249

250 MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.
Spa^otji. %^ttitts.
(Thomas Williams.
1707, Humphrey Page i
,( Joseph Hodgson.'"
,rjAMES CoMBERBACK.
1708, James Mainwaring ••••J (.Alexander Denton.
("Henry Bennett.
1709, William Allen  J (.Randal Bingle-ic
ifHuGH Colley.
1710, Thomas Partington. ¦.¦< ;{. Edward Burroughs.
{Thomas Edwards.
Thomas Wilson.
,_,„ _ ^ (Robert Crosby.
1713, John Thomason  J (.La-wrence Gotheb.
-i%io -r „ (John Parker.
1713, John Stringer  -? {.TaoMAs Bolland.
,_,. „ „ -rJoBN Parker.
1714, Francis Sayer ..«..,, J
iCPeter Leadbeateb.
1^1/: c T. .- (William Hughes.
illo, SIR Richard Grosvenor-^ {.Thomas Brooke.
j-iifl TI -r. ¦* ;f John Pemberton.
-1716, Henby Bennett  -? (.James Johnson.
171.7, Joseph Hodgson  /Tkaffobd Massie.
L George Johnson.

MAYOBS AND SHEBIFFS. 251
Spa^orsr. ©IjetiffS.
(^Thomas Williams.
1718, Alexander Dentos . . . . < { Peter Ellames.
r Will. JoiiNSON, Chandler, died.
1719, Randal Bingley  J Thomas Chalton, Succeeded.
(.Thomas Bridge, Hatter.
{Roger Massey, Linen Draper.
John Cotgreave, Same.
CNathatSIel Wright, Grocer.
1731, Thomas Wilson  ¦••< (.Thomas Hiccock, Tanner.
("John Maesden, Sugar Baker.
1722, Lawbence Gotheb ....¦< (.Thomas Duke, Wet Glover.
(¦ Peter Parry, Halter.
1723, Robert Pigot--. '•••..¦•-< (^Charles Bingley, J7/>/w7i!<erer.
("Edward Twambrook.
1724, John Parker, Apolhecaryi «
(. Sam. Jabvis, Ribbon tVeaver.
. ("Edmund Fabreb, Mercer.
1725j Thomas Bolland  -f (.Arthur Mercer.
, ("James BvRRouGna,
1736, John Paeker, Mercer .-X { Thomas Davis, Clothier.
,f Thomas 'Maddock, Goldsmith.
1737, James Combebbacb •••¦< (. Thomas Gotheb, Linen-draper.
r Joseph Parkeb. ,'''"'
1728, William HoeajES •¦.••¦< (.Randal Bingley, Chandler.

253 MAYOBS AND SHERIFFS.
Spa^ocit. ("John Francis.
J?39, Thomas Brooke  J {.Thomas Rayenscboft, Tanner.
("Andrew Duke, Wet Glover.
1730, John Pemberton  < (.George Febnall.
{Henby Ridley, Mercer.-
Edward Yeabsley, Same.
' ("Edwabd Nichols, Apothecary..
1733, George Johnson  J (.William Edwards.
-.-«« .. -_ (Ch. Mytton, l^ine Merchant.
1733j Peter Ellames...  J {.Robert Holland,
,„. „  f Edward Gbiffith, Grocer,
1734, Roger Massey,  J {.Fban CIS Bassano.
-,„„. ,, „ (William Speed,. Grocer..
1.735, John Cotgreave  J
(.Petpr Potteb, Stationer.
1736, Sir Watkin Williams f Thomas Bingley, Grocer,
Wynn.  ......s I John Hallwood,, Same.
n37,. Sir Robert Grosv£nob<| '
(.Thomas Broster, Cutler.
ras,. Nathaniel Wwght ....j'^"'"' ^''^'' '""""''''¦•
{.John Snow, ff^eaver. '
1739^ John Marsden  f Henry Pemberton, Eoper.
(.William Vizeb, MdUster.

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS. 253'
Spagors. ^tKiSs.
(William Smith, Innholder.
1740, Thomas Duke  ft. ) (Edmund Boixand, Mercer.
("Edward Partington, Attm-ney,
1741, Charles Bingley  < (Benjamin Perryn, Gent,
f Rob. Cawley, Watchmaker, died,
1 743, Samuel Jarvis •......-< Will. Cowper, Esq, Succeeded,
V.JoHN Page, Stationer.
(¦Benjamin Maddock, Maltster,
1743, Thomas Da-vis  i {.John Egerton, Brewer.
("Peter Dewsbury, Tailor,
Viii, Thomas Maddock  -c -
{.Rich. Richardson, Silversmith.
t Geo. Griffiths, Plumber.
1745, Henry Ridley  ?. ( Thomas Massey, Linen-draper.
1746 Edward Yexrsj^ey, Died C Rob. Maddock, Linen-draper.
Edw. Nichols, Suceeededt_ Thomas Bridge, Hatter,
CTao.CoTSREXyE, Linen-draper
1747, William Edwards ....-J t Edward Walley, Hatter.
(John Lawton, Innholder.
1748, Edward Griffith  <(Peter Ellames, Druggist.
(Charles Pabey, Hatter.
1749, Thomas Bingley <  ^' (Henry Hesketh, ff%ne Merch.
("John Dicas, Barber.
1750, John HALLwooD<..>.t ..-^ (.Holmes Burrows, Culler.

Tl -I II - ---11-1 i^—^— ... -  -1  II
2S4 MAYORS AND' SHEBIFFS.
SpaKorSi ©Sertffs-- -
/"John Hickcock, Tanner.
1751, Ralph Pbobebt-:  —< James Briscoe, Died,
^ (.John Bbidge, Succeeded.
(Edward B'ubrows, Haller,
1752, Thomas Broster  i (Thomas Hart, Innholder.
("Rich. OiiLEVLV.EkT>, Apothecary,
1753, Edmund Bolland ....-.,.' (.Richard Ledsham, Same.
("Thomas Astle, Cabinel-maken
1754, Dr. William Cowper...^
^ (.John K'elsal, Attorney,
(Charles Boswell, Brewer.,
1755, John Page,. Esq  i (Joseph Wilkinson, Baker,
(John Johnson, Plumber,.
1756, Peter Dewsbury  i( George French, Toyman,^
(Thomas Craven, Grocer.
1757, Richard Richardson •. i(Robebt Llotd;
T.,.o rr, „ '' r Thomas Randles, Grocer.
1758, Thomas CoTGBEAVE ....-.{- ' 'i {.John Lawton, Stationer.
i7';o a D r, (Thomas Slaughteb, Esq.
1759, Sib Richard Grosvenor-' {.Pe-ter Morgan, Esq.
,7fin rr r, „ ( Tho, Marsden, Sugar-baker,
1760, Thomas Grosvenor, .Bjy. -^ . . r;
(Samuel Dob, Gent.
,7R, rr T^ „ f"^"^- Dyson, Wine Merchant..
I'oj, 1, Cholmondeley, Esq.'f {.Joseph Crewe, Apothecary,

mayors and , SHERIFFS. 255

»( William Dicas, Barber.
1762, Henry Hesketh ......./ *
(.John Drake, Mercer.
(Thomas Griffith, Grocer.
1763, Holmes Burrows  <
'(.John Thomas, Brazier^

176-4, Eo-ff. BuBBOws, Hatter.. , -^

'( Ja. Bboadhubst, Apothecary.
Francis Walley, Hatter,

I Daniel Smith, Innholder.
1765, RiCHABD Oixebhead ..-? (.John Habt, Same.
f Tho. Bowers, Linen-draper.
'1766, Thomas Astle •  < (.William Seller, Brewer.
("Robert Williams, Skinner.
1767, John Kelsall  J (.Gabr. Smith, Watch-maker.
("Joseph Snow, Wine Merch.
1768, Charles Boswell-.-* ..-^ ^Pattison Ellames, Druggist.
(Thomas Powell, Upholsterer.
1769, George French  .J (.Thomas Ameby, Linen-draper.
(Henry iHEGG, Druggist.
1770, John Lawton .......... .^ (.John Bennett, Wine Merch.

XiTl, Henry Vigars  -^

>1772, JosEFB Cbewb ...»....-' I

(John Dimmock Griffiths.
.(.Thomas Edwards, Grocer.
("John Hallwood, Grocer.
Thomas Lea, Tobacconists

256

MAYORS AND SHERIFFS.

^Edward Orme, Organist,
1773, Sir^Wajkin Wilhams \^^ r^^y^n. Tanner, Died.
\T- Roberts, Grocer, Succeeded.
("Richard Ledsham, Carpenter,
1774, JOSEPH Dyson  v^ (, William Corles, Skinner,
("Thomas Patton, Merc/iant,
1775, Thomas Griffith ...... -^ (.John Chamberlain, Same.
("John Monk, Printer,
1776, James Broadhurst .-.••< {.Peter Bbosteb, Stationer.
C John Wright, Tanner.
1777^ John Hart  .....,..? (. George Johnson, Apothecary.
("Thomas Richabds,
1778, William Seller  J (.Charles Francis, Clothier.
C William Bibch, Clothier,
1779, Gabbiel Smith  .< (. Geobge Bingley, Glazier,
("William Harrison, Grocer,
1780, Joseph Snow • • .'  J (_ Thomas Barnes, Plumber,
(RowL^tiD Jones, Saddler.
1781, Pattison Ellames. •....-< ' ' " ' - -
' {.John Bramwell, Cent,
.. _ _ f Joseph Turner, Areldtect,
1782, Thomas Patton  ? ( Samuel Bromfield, Cutler,
,^r.„ _ f Cotton Fbobebt, Hatter.
1783, Thomas Amery  ] t Daniel Smith, Merchant,

MAYOBS AND SHEEIFFS. 257
Spajors. ©tieriffjs.
rjoHN Meacock, Linen-draper,
1784, Henby Hegg  J (.Rich. Richaedson, Silversmith.
rjoHN Laeden, Woollen-draper,
1785, John Bennett ... ,...-i : :,
(.Thomas Jones, Grocer,
TCharles Panton, Banker,
1786, Thomas Edwards  < (.Edmund Bushell, Mercer,
;, TNath. Dewsbuey, Hatter,
1787, John Hallwood •.....>• -{ L Willi AM Edwaeds, Grocer,
(Andb. Davtsoth, r-fine Merch.
1788, John Leigh, Esq. • 'J^-' • -i
'», (.Thomas Bennion, C7taM(Z/er,
^Robert Whittell, Roper.
1-789, R. H. Vaughan, Esq. .•<^ Joseph Weight, Died.
V, John Tboughton, Succeeded.
{Tho, Rathbone, Timber Mercfi,
John Hassall, Wine Merch,
r Roger Dutton, Grocer,
1791, I'eter Brostek  -< {.Thomas Jenkins, Tanner.
(¦John Johnson, Cabinet-maker.
1792, John Wright  ^ . . . . .^ (. Peter Wilkinson, Apothecary,
i William Seller, Brewer.
17^3, Thomas Richards ....? (. John Thomas, Chandler.
("Samuel Barnes, Plumber.
179-4, George Bingley •  •< {.Will. Newell, Brewer. ,,
Ge

258 mayors and sheriffs.
Spasotjs. ©limffsi.
("Thomas Evans, Druggist.
1795, William Harrison .-.--; ¦-
(_ Robebt Bbittain, Clothier.
("Fean. Woods, Tinplate-worker..
1796, Thomas Barnes •-•. --r"-\ {.John Bakewell, Druggist,
("Thomas Griffith, Mercer.,
1797, Rowland Jones  -i^ -
{.John Webster, Grocer.
("Robert Bowers, Silversmllli.
3798, John Bramwell  . — J ' .:
1 • {_Sam. Bennett, Wine Merch,
("John Bedward, Carpenter.
1799, Daniel Smith  ) {.John Harrison, Grocer.
("John Cotgreave, Esq.
1800, John Meac.ock .....i..i (.-Robert WiIliaMs, 'Grocer.
("Joseph Bage, Paper-maker.
1801, John Laeden-. .¦•.-. ---f 1 (.THO.MAS Francis, Clothier.
("Henry Bowers, Druggist.
1802, Robert Hodgson Esq. J J_Tho. Bradford, Linai-dvflj^er.
("John Tomlinson, Apotliecary.
1803, Edmund- Bushell •--!•-< ' {.TbomasiRichards, T'aJiBW,
(John Powell, Upholsterer.
1 804, "WlLLIAil E bWARDS ••'•••-{ . "{.John Williamson, ' C«»j>e?ite.
'  ("Thomas Poole, Bookseller.
1805, Thomas Bennion t,.,..i ..
I, J. Swarbbick Rogers, 5AmMer.

MAYOBS AND SHERIFFS. 259
Spa^ors. ©Jimffs,
{Timothy Whitby, Gent,
James Pensett, Dri/ggist.
1807, Robert, Eael Gbosve- j^"^' Jo^^son, Wine Merch.
 / Jo. Stewaet Hughes, Merch.
( Jos. Hornby, Lpieri-draper.
1808, William Newell. -.--•¦ ^ ,
' ' ' ( Will. 'CoHtNE-Y, -SHp-dwiWer.
, . , . C-jWlLHAM, Massey, Druggist.
1809, Thomas Evans' -..'-.-¦¦--? ', '
' ( Joseph Grace, Grocer.
C William Mq.ss, Merchafit.
ISlO, Gen^. Tho. Grosvenor { ,.,!.-,
¦ ¦'¦¦ i- (Robert MoEBis, '/¦'atnto-.
( Geo. Harbison, Iron founder.
1811, Robert Bo-wers-'  '3 ' '
(James Snape, Brewer.
C Josii.3 TjLOiiXSf'DlVggist.
1812, Samuel BEJiisETi .-.-.-"J ¦: i , .
( S. Nevett Bennett, Surgeon.
TOTO c-  XX7 -iTr' ' - ^ t John Fletche'r',' Printer.
1813, .S5IR Watkin Williams I ^ . '
Wynn ,,.....'...-... S _ ..^ r. -
. -,; I J! 1 I Geoege Hastings, Brazier,
("Thomas D-IXON, Banker.
1814, John Bedward  < {^TiTus CiiAtoNiiiE, Cum^r.
/ Rich. Buckley, Wine M^rch.
1815, John Cotgreave ••••'•x ' ' ' '' '
( GEoBGEi Harrison, Surgeon,

260 BECORDERS OF CHESTER.

RECORDERS OF CHESTER.

In 1506, RauFe Birkenhead vras appointed the first Recorder
of Chester, by virtue of the Charter granted bj King.
Henry VII. as .cited p. 168. ' la 1510, John Farrar,'
Esq. was made Deputy Recorder by tbe said Raufe Bir
kenhead. In IBIS, Richard Birkenhead was appointed
Deputy to his father the Recorder.
In 1516, Richard Sne-tde, Esq, succeeded Mr. Birkenhead,
and in 151'9, appointed Thomas Hawarden, and after
wards in 1.535 Raufe Wryne, his deputies. It appears
from a document dated the 18th Feb. in the 21st of
Henry VIII. preserved in the Corporation Records,.
tbat Mr. Sneydc was the Prince's Attorney in tbe county
of Chester, as well as Recorder (or the city.
In 1540, Raufe Wbyne, (son of Mr. William Wryne, glover, of"
Chester) was Recorder, as appears by an order of A'S"-
sembly in the Mayoralty of Henry Gee, 31 Henry VIII.
when the Mayor, Aldermen, Shei-iffs, and Common-
council' elected Raufe Wiiue, Recorder, of' the City, lo
bo also the Sheriff's Clerk ofthe Pentice Court.
In 1548) John Bibkenhead', Esq. was Recorder,, and continii.;
ed so until 1351. This Recorder purchased the Manors
of Crowton and Backford, in the Hundred of Wirral.
He was made free ofthe city iu the year 1546, and cho
sen one of the City Counsel j it being then usual, to re
tain two barristers as Couilsel for the city, besides the
Recorder, to take care of its privileges itt the county
Palatine Courts,,

RECORDERS OF CHESTER. 261
In 1551, Richard Sneyde, Esq. was Recorder, and so conti
nued until 1556.
In 1556, William Gereaed, Esq. was elected and continued
Recorder until May 1575, when he was promoted to the
Chancellorship of Ireland, and .Knighted. This Recor
der was, with- William Glazeor, Esq. returned Burgess.
for the pity in Parliament, 1371, and sq continued lo his
death, which happened in 1381,
In 1375, RicHAED Bibkenhead, Esq. of the city of Chester,
was at an Assembly ofthe Corporation, voted the free
dom ofthe city, and " elected Alderman, and afterwards
" Recorder of the city aforesaid, in such manner and
" form as others have heretofore been chosen, received,
" and sworn." — This is the first electiou of Recorder
entered^ in the books of Orders of Assembly. - This Ri
chard Birkenhead was base son of John Birkenhead,
the fourth Recorder of Chester. In 1581, he was re
turned Burgess to Parliament forthe city, in the room
of Sir WiUiam Gerrard, and continued to represent the
city until 1 1600, when from age and infirmities be de
clined the honor. In 1601, he resigned the ofiice of Re
corder, which he had filled for twenty-six years..
In ,1601, Thomas Lawton, Esq. of Chester.— He also succeeded
Mr. Birkentead, as Member ofthe House of Commons
for the city.
In 1605, Thomas Gamull, Esq. an Alderman of Chester.— This
Recorder was elected by the Corporation in opposition
to the order from King James, in favor of Hugh Main
waring, Esq. (vid. p. 176.) Mr. Gamull bad before
represented the city in Parliament, and continued to do
it to his death.
In 1&13, Edwaed Whitby, Esq. whose father had been Town
Clerk, and was at this time Mayor, and one ofhis bro
thers was -Sheriff", and the other Town Clerk. — This
Becorderwas elected Member forithe city in 1614.

263 recorders of Chester.
In!;1639, Robert Brerewood,, Esq; of Chester, one of the
Judges ofthe North Wales Circuit. This Recorder
wfis in 1643, appointed a Judge of the Common Pleas,^
but remained Recorder until he was removed by ordi-'
nance of Parliament in 1646.
In 164T3, John Ratcliffe, Esq. son of Mr Alderman Ratcliffe^
a brewer. He represented the eity iu P-arliament, but
becoming obnoxious to the ruling power, the city was
compelled, in 1651, to elect Richard Howard,,Esj. a
Lancashire genlLemao.
In 1631, Richard Howaed, Esq, who fi'riding Kis situation un
comfortable, resigned in 1656.
In 1656, John Ratcliffe, Esq, afores.aj^l, who remained an--
Alderman, was again elected Recorder,, and it appears
thathe represented the city in Parliament in 1660. In-
1662, Mr. Ratcliffe was again removed by the Commis
sioners for regulating Corporations, because he would
not take the oath required, and they appointed Thomas
Pennington, Esq. to succeed him, ; but he refusing to
take the oaths,
'• In 1662, Richard Levikg, Esq. was appointed Recorder by
' the' Commissioners, and afterwards confirmed by the
Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council-men.
In 1667, William Williams, Esq. of Grey's Inn, elected Recor
der in the usual wa.v. — His appointment approved by
the King, bpin'g the first Recorder presented for appro-
, val by the Crown, in consequence of the Charter of
the 16th Iof Charles II. He represented the city seve
ral Sessions in the House of Commons, aud continu
ed Recorder until he was removed by Charles thc Se-
Cfsnd'g Charter io 1684.
In 168't, Sir Edward Lutwych, King's Serjeant, was appoint
ed by the said Charter Recorder.— He appointed Ri
chard Leving, Esq. ofthe Inner Temple, his Deputy.

BECORDERS OF CHESTER. 263

In 1.^86i„Ri(;H^RD -Levin6, Esq. aforesaid, was, on the resigna
tion of Sergeant Lutwici, clfected Recorder, and ap
proved by the Crown ; he was Knighted, represented
the city in two Parliaments, and continued Recforder
until King Jkmes ttie Second's Proclamation to restore
the Old Corporation.
2n lp87, Sir .William Williams, his Majesty's Solicitor Gene
ral was restored. During, bis Heeordership he -was
Spe.a^er.pfj^he House of Oopimons; he appointed the
following Deputies:—
First, jG,rifi3th Wynne, of Chester,-*Esq.
Sepond, Griffith Williams, Esq. 1
mu- j 't i -fir-n- • t^ ? SonS to the Recorder.
Third, Johnj Williams,. E^q ¦-•¦ f
This Recorc|er was ra,i^^4 to tjie dignity of a Baronet,
and was the paternal ancestor and first Baronet of the
^present family of Wynnstay.
In 1700, Rogeb Comberbach, EsQ^who had been Town Clerk.
In 1-7 15j Colonel Fane imprisoned this Recorder inthe
.Guard-house at the Castle, because he had advised the
Mayor to request the Colonel's'attendance at the Pen
tice, to answer a complaint against bim, for which out
rage the Colonel was afterwards cashiered.
In 1719, Thomas Mather, Esq. of Chester„neph.?w of the late
Recorder. This was the last Recorder presented for
approval by the Crown,
Is 1745, William Falconer, Esq, of Chester, elected by the
Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council, in the an
cient way, oo,aj),pkcation was made to the Crown at
this time nor since, in consequence of the determina
tion in thb case of " the King against Johnson."
In 1754, Robebt Townshend, Esq. of Chester, elected on the
resignation of Mr. Falconer, on account of ill health.
Jn 1787, Thomas Cowpeb, Esq. of Overlegb, one of his Ma-
jesty's Counsel, elected on the surrender of Mr, Towns-
bend, who retired on accountof old age.

264 RECORDERS OF CHESTER.
In 1788, Foster Bower, Esq. of Lincoln's Inn, one of his Ma-.
jesty's Counsel, elected oh the death of Mr. Cowper.
, In 1795, I-IuGH Leycester,. Esq. of Lincoln's Inn, one of his
Majesty's Counsel, elected on the') death of Mr. Bower.
— This Gentleman, whilst Recorder of Chester, was re
spectively appointed Chief Justice of the North Wales
Circuit, and Vice Chamberlain ofthe county palatine of
Chester. In September, 1814, he sent his resignation
/of the oflice of Recorder to the Corporation, and ata
very full raeeting ofthe Body on the t2th of 'that month,
it was with great regret accepted, when for his very able,
impartial, and beneficial services for nearly twenty
years, and the very upright and conciliatory manner in
which he had promoted the welfare of the city on all oc
casions, the Mayor and citizens unanimously voted him
a Piece of Plate ofthe value of tme hundred guineas, as
a small token ofthe esteem ;tbey entertained for; hini,
and requested that he would allow his portrait to be ta
ken, and placed in thc Town Hall, at the expense ofthe
Corporation.
In 1814, David Francis Jones, Esq. pf thp Inner Temple,
London, elected Recorder, on the resignation of Mr.
Leycester,

town clerks. 265

TOWN CLERKS.
The Town Clerk of Chester is a very ancient offlcer, bejqg
dialled generally ttie Clerk- of thePentice, aud ofthe several Courts
df Pentice, Crownmote, and Portmote. This officer is su.pp.psed
to have existed as long as those Courts; ttiough atpreseut the fol
lowing are the only persons known to have held the offlce:
In 1404,. a WritT-a Certiorari, was idelivered to the Mayor and
Sheriffs to remove a cause out ofthe Mayor and Sheriffs
Courts, because William de Hawarden, Clerk of tiro
Pentice -and of those Courts, was cousin to one of tbe
I i - ¦ -- --  "
parties, — Thomas de -Hawarden held the, offlce af
terwards.-, ¦ ,- . . - - -
1510, John Farrar, Esq. — He wasalsp-Deputy.Recorder,
1540, Raufe Wryne,— He was alio Recorder.
1543, William Newhall, Gent,
1551, Thomas Glaseor, Gent.
John YEARwaRTH, Esq. executed-the offlce by Deputy.
Anthony Harper, Esq. did tbe same.
1590, William Knicht, Gent, (who had been seven years Mr.
Harper's Deputy) was succeeded by
1600, Ellis Williams, Gent, who was succeeded by
1602, Robert Whitby, Gent.
~1609, Thomas Whitby, Gent., joine)! with the said Robert his
father.-j-They were succeeded by
'1619, Robert Brerewood, Esq. learned in the law ; who was
afterwards a Welsh Judge, and Recorder, and was suc-
•eeded by
Hh

296 TOWif eiEEfeS.

1627, R.ICHABD LiTTLEB, JuN. Gent. who was succeeded by
1639, David Lloyd, wh6 was sticceeded by _
1648, John Jonesj Gent. wh,o was _sjicceeded by
1649, Richard Goulborn, Gent, who was succeeded by
1661, Ralph Davenport, Gent. — He executed the office ,bj
George Bulkeley, Gent, his Deputy, and was succeeded by
1653, Daniel Bavand, Gent, who employed the same Deputy,
and was succeeded by
1653, George Bulkeley aforesaid, who was succeeded by
1688;- RoclER CoMBEftBicli, GfeN-r; \*ho w^s appbihtod RfeCBl'dfe^
in i76Q; and ^Si siicceedcd by
17ClO, SiicHABO AtiAMs, GiiN-t. who was siicceeded by
1712; TnoJiAS Lloyd' atid Rogeb Comberbach, Gents, appoint
ed jointly.
1736, Thomas Brock, Gent, joined with th'e said Itbger Com-
berb&eh whom he survived, aud warf su'cceeded by
1786, William HaJx, GeN'I'. i^h'b \Vas Succecdc'd by
1795, George Whitley, Gent, who was suoceedeci JBy
1799, William Richards, Gen-*, who in ttife y'e'Sr i'siS, appb'iht-
ed JbaN FjilcttisTT, Gent, as his flbpttty.

BfEJIfJ^EJlg pF J?A|lLIf3IE¥,T. 267

Represenfhfives in Parliamenf
for the city op CHESTER,,
FRDM THE REST.QIJLATJPN PF KING CHARLES M..

(John Ra-tgliffe, Mecoriler,
1660.^ (.WiLUAM INjCE.
("Sir. Thomas SuisH.
1661 .J {.John, Satcuffe.
("William Wiluahs.
I679-J (.Thomas iG]uisTEN.oit.
("William WiLLiAMe.
1680-? {.Thomas £tiU)S.VENOBi:
("William lYixuAMg.
1681 .{ (.Rogeb Whitley.
("Sir Tbomas Giu>s.v£Na(E.
1685<5 (.JftoBEm ffERDES.^
(SjOeEB W-aiTLE-Y.
1688^ 1 ^iB Tooai-AS G!a,asVEKi>it.
rSix Thomas 6Bas,v£Hoa.
1689? i, S;b Richabb Xjzvinjg.
C Richarsd likKwm,
1695] (. Sib TooaiAE jGbostenod;
(Sir Thomas GRasvENojb
1698] (Pexer, ShACKEBiLEX.

268 MEMBERS OF PAELIAMENT.

("Sir Henry Bunbury.
1700 -J I Peter Shapkerley-.
(Sir HENE.Y Bunbuey.
1701 1 .
(Peteb Shackeeley.
( Sir Henry Bunbury;
1702,' (.Peter Shackeeley.
f Sib Henby Bunbury,
1-705.J (.Peter Shackeeley.,
(Sir Henry Bunbury.
1708<' {.Peter Shackerley.
(Sir Henry Bunbury;
1710<| (.Peter Shackerley.
(Sir Henby Bunbuey.
1713.J (^ Peter Shackeeley.
(Sib Henry Bunbury.,
1715.J {.Peteb Shackerley.
1722

fSiB Heney Bunbuey.

s

(.Sir RicHABD Gbosvenob.
Sir Richard Gbosvenob, , Died,
Smi. Robert Gbosvenob, Succeeded;
1727 -< iTHOM-Ais. Gbosvenob, Died,
VSiB. Chables Bunbury, Succeeded,^
("Sir Robert Grosvenoiu
1734 <j (.Sir Charles Bunbuey,
f Sir Robert Gbosvenob.
1741 '
t Sib Charles Bunbury.

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, 269

("Sir Robert Grosvenor,
I747<j {.Philip Henry Warburton,
r Sir Richard Grosvenor, created a Peer,.
1754] I. Thomas Grosvenor,
("Thomas, Gbosvenob.
1761.' (.RicHABD Wilbraham Bootle.
("Thomas Grosvenor.
1768.J (.Richard Wilbraham Bootle.
(Thomas Grosvenor.
1774-^ {.Richard Wilbraham Bootle,
("Thomas Grosvenor.
1780-? {.Richard Wilbraham Bootle.
C Thomas Grosvenor,
1784' i. Richard Wilbraham Bootle,
( RoBEET Gbosvenob, commonly called Lord
1790 discount Belgrave,
V. Thomas.. Gbosvenob.
j Genebal Thomas Gbosvenob, elected in
^'^^-1 place of his father Tho, Grosvenor, deceased,
("Lobd Belgbave.
1796 <^ (.Genebal Thomas Grosvenor.
'Lord Belgbave.
lGenebal Thomas Gbosvenob.
1803 -C H-icHAK" Eael Deax Gbosvenob, in place
of Ij)rd Belgrave, elevated to the Earldom
on the death of his J other.

m

MEW5ERS OF PA^f,I4HfEI(T-

1806

C G^NEjiAf, Thomar GHpsvENon-,
C Rl^^Afip Ea^ P»A? GpOSVENOR.

("Genebal Thomas Gbosvenoe;.^
1807^ (.John Egeeton,.

1812.

'Genebal Thomas Geosveriui,
|JoHN Egeeton, became a Baronet on tfie
death of Earl Wilton, by titgnnme of Sip-
John Grey Egerton..

cHftSSOisttfelcilt ktibiStSS. S7t

Cfironoloaital MtsMtv
OF IMPORTANT EVENTS
IJV THE CITT OF CHESTMJk.

¦It-" —

1 103> Hugh Lupus, First Earl of Chester, died 1 7th July:
1150, ICing Henry It. was at Chestef,- artd encamped his
army on Saltney, previous to his expedition into Wales : tds
follovving year he reeeived at Chester the homage of Mal-
ebku. King of Scotland,
ll64j The King came by sea to Cbestet with a large
afiHy-j ineditating another invasion of North Wales, bllt af-»
ter raaking some stay he relinquished his expedition, and dis
banded his army.

1180, Great part of the city was destroyed by nr^.

1212, King John had matched its fdras Ghestei- t6 punis-b
tli^ iiif dads of the Welshj^ wbeti he heard of thfe revolt of
llis Barons, whereupon he returned to London,
1237, Kiiig Heflfy III. tobk pBSS^sibtl of tM EafWom
of Chester, a«d aiitft*rid It tt> thfe Gl't)*^fi tff Eaglatld j he
*etit Iltlglit Ife Dispfeiiefer, Stephen de SegraVfe> *nd BBni^
Je Audley; td t&Se <iHarg^ of tile CaStk.

272

CHONOLOGICAL EEGISTER.

1256, Prince Edward, wbo had two years before been
created Earl of Chester, came to tbe city on the Feast of
St. Kenelm, and was -met on tbe road by theicJergy and ci
tizens in grand procession ; be staid three days and -received
the homage of tbe Cheshire and Welsh Nobles ; he then vi
sited his Castles and Lands in Wales, returned through
¦Chester, and went to Darnball.
1257, The King determined himself to undertake an ex
pedition against tbe Welsh, and summoned all who held ot
him by Knight's service to attend him at Chester, on St,
Mary Magdalen's day this year; he accordingly marched
with a great army, but was obliged to make an inglorious
retreat. 1256, Tbe King determined on another expedition, and
summoned all wbo held by Knight's service to attend with
horse and arms at Chester, the Monday before tbe day of
St, John the Baptist, and accompany him into Wales ; but
the Welsh saeing for peace, the expedition was laid aside.
1276, King Edward I. was at Chester, for the purpose
of summoning Llewellin Prince of Wales to do Lim ho
mage, who refused to comply,
1277, The King returned with an army, and marching
from Chester took Rhuddlan Castle, and forced Llewellin
to make his submission, but -be soon recommenced bis de
predations. ;
1283, The King after his successful campaign against
the Welsh came to Chester, witb his Queen, and heard Mass
at St, Werburgh's Church, on St, Augustin's day, when he
presented the Convept with a cloth of great value.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 273
,1.284, The King at Chester; for -four days,
1294, The King passed through fhe city on the Feast oT
St, Nicholas,- on his -anarch to quell the rebellion- of Madoc
in North Wales,
1300, The Welsh finally submitted to the Sovereignty of
-England, and did homage at Chester to Edward of'Carnar-
Ton, Prince of Wales,
1312, King Edward TI, at Chester to meet'his favorite
Piers Gaveston, on bis return from Ireland,
1345, Tbis summer was called tbe dry summer, as from
March until the latter end of July, there fell little rain car
none, by reason 'whereof-Corn was very scant the year fol
lowing. 1349, The Mayor was slain this year by Richard 'Dit
ton, who was pardoned, paying 150 marks.
1353, Edward the Black Prince, with the Earls War
wick and Stafford, at the head of. an armed force, came tp
Chester, to protect the Justices in the execution of their
duty.
' . J3,79j a busliel of wheat sold for 6d, ; a gallon- of -white
-wine for fid. ; a gallon of claret' for 4d. ; a fat goose for
2d..; a fat pig for id. A Mayor's Feast, containing all
the dainties of the season, cost exactly eleven sjiillings and,
ten-pence !
1394, King Hichardll. came to 'Chester with the Earls
of March, Salisbury, Arundel, Nottingham, Rutland, &c,
on'bis way to Ireland.
. 1.397, Richard II. when he scarcely knew who to trust
about Lis person, testified great partiality to the men of
Ij

CBRONOXaOICAL HEGISTER.

Cheshire, and in this- year apiiointed two, thausand Cliesbire
.^rcber^ for his Bfldy Guard,
1399, Henry^ Duke of Lancaster, afterwards King Heiii-y
IV. came to Chester, and made a muster ofhis troops be-
far? the walls. 'During his stay he caused. Piers Lagbj of
Lyme, to be exejcuted for bisi faithful aslberenee to King
Richard II. and his head placed on- tbe bigbest Tower of
tjj? city. Ofl. tH? igtb qf August tfee Puke roarob?d| to
Flint, and drew inj^i. ^s arjp^- b^fqr^ tfeej (;astl,e in which tb?
King was, who having no otlier alternative, was obliged to
suaaender htmself, and the foHoWiing night they both slept
at Ghestei-j previous to their departure for Londbn.
1401, About this time an award was made "that no
tjitfee abaold Ipe paid ta the Person of Trinity pajisb in
Chester for the Re©da's-eye."
1405, A pardon was granted to the citizens of Chester,
iiit aiding tbe rebellion of Henry Percy.
1412, " By the appointment of tbe Mayor, wheat was
praised by- two, bakers and two citizens at 3s. 0d. the- quar
ter, so that ff four bushefevvent tb the quarter, as at that
tm^ it is thought tbey had', that was but lOd. oJ. our old
busbel,. that is abbtit 3d. our new bushel.""
1437»,''^l^E9t ?flJ4 % 7s. 9 bjishel, being a ve^:y- dear
Tat% ^ccosding to, that tirae, ^ so that the poor iij CheSfter
and elsewhere made bread of peas, vetches^ aftd fera roots,
1441, Tbe Jailors of the Castle and Northgate, RoeMey
aad Rootey, fought together on the Roodeye,

jl< . - fluw**-*.— I I jwMi— ¦MMiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiraniiBini»-i r.niinTin[T-m'rii"iii iiflii-irti tliFV •'•-
CHRONOLOGICAL ItEGIStE-It. 27 -'l
i: 1447ji' Filfeanol-, DuclWSs of GteuWslEr, was eoiidchlttttl
to perpetual impiisoniiienti fol' pl'actisilig- thfe King's death,
and for a vvhile confined in tbe Castle, of Chester.
1453, Queen Margaret, Consort uf Henry VI. " came to
Chester upon progresse with manye greate iordes and ladyes
Witb her and Was gV-jcioiisly received by tbe Maybr aiid Ci
tizens." The summer beibrfc tb^ft battl'e bf BItii'fe-heatb, irt
1459, so disastrous to the men of Chesbire, Queen Margaret
carae again to Chester, and is said to have kept ** open and
royal house," and by ber liberality to have gained the lieerts
,of tbe gentry,
140s,. Many fcitize'ns of Chester we<«e %Iaiti at Moltt
fair by Reginald Griffiths, A WfelsUhiatlj ahd biS I'tttiflUe.
1474, EdWai-d Prinee ef Wales, 6(ii! of King Elhvkrd
IV. being then only fi^"* ^eai-s old, ca'nife tb Chestel- about
Christmas, and was conveyed to the Castle with much porap.
14S4, This year Sir Jehb Savage, jun; aiid fej^ht bf biS
brethren, were made free of the city.
1489, At the request of tlie Sail bf D^rby, tirid fie&i'ge,
Lord Strange, there was gi-atiE-eti to' Hugh DUtton, sWonU
bearer, bis meat, drink, and gown, and 13s. 4d,.to be paid
hiih yearly otit of the Treasury.
1494, A great fire in Northgate-street, on Midsummer-
dHy.-"^Jdhrt PlilesfoH, E^(J. bf Wtey^bahi, did strike
one Pati'ic'k F&Iynys, at the high altar, Witbiri the Abbey of
Chester, and the Abbey was reconciled on St. WerbUfgh's
day, and the parish Church on St. Oswald's day.
 On the IStbof July, King Hemy VII; witb bi9
mother and Queen,, came to Chester, with a great retinae ;.

276 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTED.
thay proceeded to Hawarden, " tbe Earl of Derby, and a
number o£ gallants of Chester, attending,"
1496, The Steeple of Whitefriars new built, and the
chancel of St. Michael in- Chester;
1498, Prince Arthur resided at Chester from tbe 4th of
August till the gth of September,
1500, The fui-tber.end of Dee-bridge made new.
1507, The sweating sickness and plague appear to have.
made dreadful havoc in tbe city. In this year ninety-one
bousbolders are recorded to have died of the former disease
in three days, of which only four were widows.
ISOS-, Aplentiful year of corn, an old bushel of wheat at
lOd. — A new Mace was boughtthe same year-.
1517, The plague raged with great violence in the city,
so that, the grass grew a foot high at the Cross, and in the
streets. 1522, The city furnished sixty men well armed, to serve
under the Earl- of Surry,, in Scotland.
11529, The play of " Robert Cecill" was played at the-
High Cross, and the same was new gilt.
1535j Sir WiUiam- Brereton, Chamberlain of Chester^,
was put to death the 17th of May, for matters concerning
Queen Anne..
1540, The following are extracts from " the orders and
acts of assembly," preserved in the Corporation Records :
" 12 May, 32- Henry VIII. Henry Gee, Mayor. Whereas

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 377
all the taverns and ale-bouses of this city he used to be kept
by young women otherwise than is used in' any other place
of the realme, whereat all strangers greatly marvel and
think it inconvenient, whereby great slander and dishonest
report of tbis city hath and doth run abroad : in avoiding
whereof, as also to eschew such great occasions of wanton
ness, brawh, frays, and other inconveniences, as thereby
doth and may arise among young and light disposed per
sons, as also damages to their masters, owners of the ta
verns and ale-houses, ordered,, that after the gth of June
next, there shall be no tavern or ale-house kept in tbe said
city, by any woraan between fourteen and forty years of
age, under pain of 401. forfeiture for bim or her that keep
eth any such servant.''
« May 12, 32 Henry VIII. Henry Gee, Mayor.—
Whereas great expense and superfluous charge hath beeu
and doth grow by reason of costly dish-meals and drinks,
brought unto women lying in child-bed and by them like
wise to the other recompenced as their churcbings, whereby
such as are of mean substance strain theraselves to more
charge than tbey can well sustain ; ordered that henceforth
no such disb-meals nor wines be brought to women in child
bed or at churcbings; and that no woman (except the mid--
wife, mother, sisters, and sister-in-law of the woman
churched) shall go into tbe house ofber that is churched,
but bring her to the door and so depart, on pain of 6s. 8d.
upon the owner of the house, and 3s. 4d. upon every person
offending, toties quoties."
" 32 Henry VIII. Henry Gee, Mayor. — To distinguish
the head-dresses of married women from unmarried : no

37* CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.
unnlarried Woman to wear wliite or other coloured caps ;
¦and no woman to wear aiiy hat unless when she rides ol'
goes abroad into the country -(except sick or aged perfeons)'
on pain of 3s. ^d."
1550, This year died many of tbe sweating .sickp.essiB'
Chester, and in. other parts of the, kingdom. Corn and all
victuals very dear; a bushel of wheat at l6s.
1551, On the 10th of Jan. in the night, there arose a
miglity great wind, and the flood came to such a height,
that it drowned many cattle upon Saltney ;. and one Foult-
Duckworck with six children, were drowned at bis house
in Hope's-place.
1554, Tbis year George Marsh was burnt alive at Spital
Boughton, for tbe profession pf the gospel, " wbo did con
stantly indure his martyrdom with such patience as was
wonderful." — He was tried and condemned ia tlie Spiritual
Court at the Cathedral, by the Bishop
1556, John Webster, Ma-ybr; ordered that the breakfaStfe
used On Christmas-day be laid aside, " that men may apply
themselves to religious duties." — Ordered, " Ale to be no
more than a penny a quart, and it to be full." — " All mum-
mings and disguises to be left otf at Chrishnas tiriie.""
—  A bushel of Whe*t at l6s. rye at 146. barley at 12&k-
1558, This year Di'. Cole came to Chester on bis way to*
Ireland, with a commission from the Queen for prosecuting
the Protestants iu tbat kingdom. Tbe comuiissioner lay at
an inu then called the Blue-posts, in Bridge-street, where
he was visited by the Mayor,, to whom, in the course of cori-

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 379
versation, Dr, -Cole comrmvnioated bis errand, by taking a
leather-box gut of bis cloak-bag, aod saying in a tone of
-exultation, " Here j^ wbat will lasb tbe heretics of Ireland !"
This declaration accidentally struck the ear of tbe mistress
of the bouse, who bad a brother in DubUn : and, whilst the
commissioner was cotnplimenting bis worship down stairs,
the good wofflM, prompted by an affeotioaate fear for the
safety of bev buothe-r, opened tbe box,, took out the com-
missioo, and placed in lieu, of it a pack of cards, with the
k,«ave gf qlubs qppermost. — This t;be DSQctoi; carefully p^ck.-,
^dvpj unab^ei'Ved ?ind unsuspecting ; nor was the deception
discovered till liis arrival ii), tbe presence of the Lord De-.
puty and pi'ivy council at tbe Castle- of Dublin, The Dr.
¦vifas iramediately seat hack for a second coinmi,s.§ioB, but»
before he eould return to Ireland, the Queen providentially
-died. — Elizabeth, ber successor, rewarded the woman
(whose name was Elizabeth Edmunds) witb a pension of
forty pounds a yeai- doriqg ber life.
1563', A dear year, a bushel of wheat at 17s- rye ai 15s.
15,64. A great frost, the Dee was frozen over, so that
jieople played football thereon.
A great fire without Northgate on the 29th of August,
.and thirty- three dwelling-bouses were burned beside other
back-houses and barns.
15.67, Richard Dutton, Mayor, is, said " to have kepte
•a very worthy howse for all comers duringe aJJl the tyme of
-Chifistmas, witb a lord of mis-rule aind other pasitymes,"
1574j This year some deaths happened by the plague,
3i5y7, Country butchers fiirst admitted to seH' in tbe. city.

280 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER,
1578, Country bakers had this year the same privilege.
1580, On the 3d September, tbe city had a grant of ar
morial bearings from William Noney, Garter King at arms,
1581, An order, ,'f that no wife, widow, or maid, shouM
keep any tavern, ale or beer cellar in Chester."
3583, Robert, Earl of Leicester, Chamberlain of tbe
county palatine, came to Chester tbe 3d of June, accompa
nied by the Earls of Derby and Essex, and Lord North ;
they were met and attended by most of the gentlemen ofthe
Shire, with their whole train ; it was thought there were
1500 horse; tbey were received at the High Cross by the'
Mayor and tbe whole Cotincil of the city;'' tbey lodged at
tbe Bishop's Palace, dined with the Mayor tbe 4th June,
and tbe Earl was presented with a gold cnp and forty anr
gels therein, '
— Nicholas Massey was chosen Sheriff in place of Will.
Mutton, who died 18th of Feb. being a godly zealous man,
and not long before his death pulled down certain crosses,
by commission from the Archbishop's visitors, one at tbe
Bars, another at tbe Northgate, and anotber on this side
Spittle Boughton, which, so offended the Papists, that they
ascribed to it the cause of his death,
1584, " The 24tb of July, being St. James's day, there
was such store of thunder, lightning, hail, and rain, from
noon till midnight, tbat the waters did rise of a sudden aud
overflow the streets into the cellars, so that hogsheads of
wine did swim and mucb wares were hurt, besides great
harm to the mills ; much bay and corn destroyed, and many
glass ^ windows broken with the hail, being five inches in

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER, 381
-compass; many men and cattle were slain 'by the light-bolt
in diyers places, so tbat the like was never heard of in the
memory of njan."
1580, The 25tb of February, being Saturday, the sun be
ing totally eclipsed-, it was so dark for thetime that tbe like
was never seen in tbe memory of man.
 The steeple at White Eriars was taken down the
-2 1st of July,
1585, Upon St. Andrew's day the Castle-bridge fell
"down, and killed two horses and other cattle, going over the
same with a load of coals.
Sixteen pirates were committed to the Castle and North-
gate, for taking a ship out of Wirral; they killed one man
in the same ship, but tbe wind crossing them brought them
back, so tbat tbey were forced to leave the -ship, and in fly
ing were taken.
The 6th of May, wheat sold for 24s. the old bushel, rye
for 18s, and. barley for 14s,
The 2d of September, an old bushel of-wbeat was-8s.
rye 6s. and barley 4s.
Ferdinando, Lord Strange, was made an Alderman, wbo
received the same very honorably, and made a rich banquet
in tbe Pentice.
A man was hanged, drawn, and quartered, for clipping
bf money, and his quarters were set on the four' Gates.
1588, A woraan was burned at Boiighton, on the 8th
«f Sept, for poisoning her husband. -J J

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.

1590, An ordeii of Assembly that when aliy man corae
to ba made' a; fi-eeman of the city, he sbould bring with him
furniture for his body, and sbould swear that they were his
own.-* 1595, Ordered tbat ale and- beer should be retailed fo-r a
penny the London qU|^i;t.,
i5g6,. The order continued feu: selling ale and beer, and
many were punished for breach of size.
Corn was very dear; an old bushel of wheat at 40s. rye
at 30s. and barley 3fls,
1599, Henry Hardware, Mayor, " -eau^ed the giants, in
tbe Midsummer-show not to go, tbe devil in his feathers not
tpi ^'ide fojf the but,?bBi[s, but a boy as the. others, and the
<?u-pipeia, ap4 canB,<!5, aiod- dii-agon, and nakediboy toi be put
asjf355;, but cauiSed a, man in compleat- armour to gobe&ie
tha sbowe ia thcii; stead."
 The Mayor altered many ancient customs, as the

sbooJing fan the Sheriff's breakfast, the going of the giants
at Midsummer, &c. and would not suflfer any Plays, Biear-
baits, or Bull-baits ; also be endeayored to ma^e appren
tices fi-ee- aecbnling ro thfe Statiite.
Tbe next Mayor restored all the ancient pageants.

*' Tttadj' wftttcisms have ia modern days been passed upon this
Order. It probably meant, that as every man made free bad^ and'
stilt bas, warlike instruments put io bis hands, aiidmade to swear
he would keep such, foj" the defence of the eityf— so by tigis; otder
it' was required he should produce them at the ti^ie of his beings
made fri^ asidiWoaa! tiia* *S(^ were hiso-wH,; whieli-conBtlTictio'n
the wording ofthe order suiEcienlly shews; and the writers ofthe
15th century freq^upntly.use the v/ord.furniture instead of armour 1
not fe Jt \i& be seriaii*! y considered to mean raiinent in tlie above
Order. ' i > :

CIIRONOLOGICAI. RiEQISTER. 28B
tfiOl, At Michaielntias fair, one Ai'Aet, servant to Ml-.
Manly, of Saltney-side, 'Cmelly murdered o'ne of bis felldWs
near unto- his master's bouse, first by cutting his tbroat with
a knife, and afterwards, missfaag bis windpipfe, be ripped tip
bis belly witb the same knife, so tbat his bowels fell out,
and leaving him' for dead went home Without taking any
money from hini, as be fijst intended ; the dying man not
withstanding came home, wrapping his bowels together iu
his shirt, and lived untfl he had ma^e known who killed
him. The raoicderer was banged ia chains the year folio-w
ing, near to the place where the d-eed -wasidone. tj
——¦Olie Cataiey'o wife conspired witb one BtTCtnto
poison ber husband, fol' wfeich ttiey Were both arraiWed ;
Boon was pressed to death, and stle WaS hanged, after ber
debvejy, being great witH tSMld at the timti'tsf tier trial',
1602, The 22d of August in tbe nigbt-tiaaej a Wonder
ful exhalation of fiery colour, likewise a canopy vvas seen
ovei- the city ; and in September foJlowing, the gr'ea^ .P^^S'^f
began in Chester, in one Glover's house, in St. Jobn's-lane.
 From .Se-pteiBbcr this year the' piagMB cootiiiiued
in Chester, till February l605; it wa« very^ fatal during tb«
years l603 ,and, l604; si.t bopJ^'ed and fiifty personi died
in fhe former year, nine hundtted and eighty-six in the lat
ter; at one periodiabout fifty-five died wetkly: duriflg this
dreadful vjsiitation theifiii*-? were not held; tlite count of ex-
cheiijtier was' kept at Tarirn, and the assises at Nantwicb.
Most, ofthe principal inhabitants fled infcf- the couutry, but
Edwa«'d DuWon Esq. tbe Mayor, to bis' e'tertial bo'nbr, re
mained at bis post; aUboiigb bis own house wa,s jnft^cted,-
and some of bis. children md servants died, he coneimied

384 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.

his exertions-, by removing the sick from those who were
not infected, to endeavour to- lessen the dreadful calamity,
and check its progress: cabins were made foB the poor ia
the quarries without the walls,.
1603, The Plague increased, and many infected persons
were taken out of their bouses, and conveyed into houses and
cabins, built at the water-side^ear the New Tower, and
were there relieved at the city cost,
1 ' ' '
1606, Mr. Robert Brerewood, Mayor, caused the bakers
to bake farthing cakes, wheat being at 12s. tbe old bushel.
 The Mayor going into the Cathedral with tbe city
sword carried before him, the point upwards, one of tbe
Pfebendaries put, it down, which caused a great controversy ;
tbe matter^ however, was decided for tbe Mayor,' in conse
quence of the charter of King Henry VII. having granted
that privilege.
1610, In this year it appears that Mr. Robert Ameiy had
tbe ordering and direction of the pageants, plays, and ora
tions, exhibited ou St. George's day, and tbe following bill
ef fare apparently written by himself, is preserved among
the Harleian MSS. (No. 2150, £. 356.>
" Item. Two meo in green liveries, set with worke upon their
other habet, with blacke heare, and black beards, very ougly ta
behoulde, and garlands'upon their heads, with iir-works to scatter
abroad,, to maintaine way for the rest ofthe showe.
It. One on horsebacke with ttie buckler and head-peece of St.
George, and three men to guide him, with a drnm<before him for
the honor of England.
It. One on horsebacke, calld Fame, with a trumpet in his hand,
and three men to guide him, and he to make an oration, with his
habit in pompe.
It. One call'd Mercury, to descend from above in a cloude j
bis wiogs, and all other matters, io pompe, and heavenly musick»

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER, 386
with him ; and after his oration spoken, to ryde on borsebacko
with his musicke before hym.,
it. One called Chester, with an oration, and drums before him,
his habit in pompe. *
It. One on horsebacke, with the Kynge's armes upon a shield,.
in pompe.
It. One on horsebacke, conteeuing the.King's crowne and dig
nity, with an oration, in pompe.
It. One on horseback, with a bell, dedicated to the Kynge, be.'
iiig double gilt, with the Kynge's armes upon it, carried upon a
septer, in pompe, and before him a noyse of trumpets, in pompe.
It. One on horseback with an oration for the Prynce, in pompe.
Jt. One on horseback, ypith the bell dedicated to the Pryuce,
his arms upon it, in pompe, and to be carried on a septer, and
before the bell a noyse of trumpets.
It. One on horseback with the eup for St. George, carried up
on a septer io pompe.
It. One on horseback with -dD oration for St. George, in
pompe. It. St, George himselfe on horseback, io complete armor, with
bis flag and buckler, in pompe, and before him a noyse of drums.
It. One on horseback, called Peace, with an oration, in pompe.
Tt. One on horseback, called Pfentyc, with an oration in
pompe. It. One on horseback, called Envy, with an oration, whom
liove will comfort, in pompe.
It. One on horseback, called Love, with an oration to main
taine all, in pompe."
" It. The Maior, and his brethren, at the pontes of this citye
with ther best appareil, and in scarlet j and all the orations to be
made before him, and sene at the high-crosse, as they pass to the
Roodye, wher by Gent, shall lie runne for by their horses; for
the two bells on a double staffe, and the cup to be runne for at
the rynge in the same place by Gent, and with a greater mater of
the sbowe by armes,- and shott, and with more than I can reoyte,
with a banket after in the Pentisto make welcome the Gent. ; and
when all is done, then judge what you have seen, and so speak on
jour myndji as you fynd."
1612, Notwithstanding all the endeavors of Mr, Amery
to give satisfaction by his " pomp and antique pageantry,"
he does not appear to have succeeded, for there is an order
in -the Corjioration records of this year, " that the sports

386 CHRONQi.QGIpAf REGISTER.
3P-d recreations used on St. George's diay should in fut ure
be done by the direction of the Mayor and citizens, and not
by any private person."
1613, Tbe Mayor fiijding tbe brazen measure wbicb bad
been long used in the city, to be too little, he caused tbe
same to be new east according to a just measure, and all
tbe new bushels were enlarged by the same measure.
1617, On Thursday the 21st of August, King James I.
came to Chester attended by many Nobles, Bishops, and
and Knights, besides all the gentry of the Sbire, being met
by the Sheriffs and Comraon Council of the city on horse
back, "All the train soldiers of tbe city standing in oi'der
withput the eastgate, and every company with tlieir ensigns
in seeraly sort did lieep their several stations on each side
the Eastgate-street. Tbe Mayor and all tho Alderraen
took their places on a scaffold, railed and hung about witb
green : and there in a most grave and seendy manner they
attended tbe coming of bis M-djestie. At whieh time, after
a learned speech delivered by the Recorder, the Mayor pre
sented to the King a fair standing cup, with a cover, dou
ble gilt, and therein an hundred jacobins of gold ; and like
wise the Mayor delivered the city sword to the King, wbo
gave it to the Mayor again, and the same was borne before
the King by tbe Mayor, being on horseback," The sword
of state vvas borne by JVilliam, Earl of Derby, chief Cham
berlain of the county palatine of Chester. The Kins; rode
first to tbe Minster, where he alighted from his horse, and
in tile west aisle he heard an oratjon delivered in Latin by a
scholar of the free spbool ; after he went iuto the choir, and
theje in a seat made for the King at the higher end he .heard

CHRONOLOGICAL BEG-ISTER. 387
an anthem, and aftei- prayers went from thence to the Pen
tice,, where a sumptuous banquet was prepared at the city
cost, wbicb being ended, tbe King departed to Vale Royal :
at his departure the order of Knighthood was offered to Mr.
Edward Mutton, the Mayor, bat he refused the same,
lSl8„ The Mayor of C'besteir was this year reqwi-ied
by a letter from' the Privy Coilneit to tratisiBit an ac
count of all tbe ships and bai'ges belonging to the Chief
Port of Chester andJts depeiid^nt po*ts,-^The foHbwingis
a sumiwary of the report m'atlte in consequence : —
JVo. of Tenaga. Men be-
vessels.

CibesteP and its creeks — — ¦ ]15 - - - -^ 383 - - - 63
IKEBENSANT BORTS.
Liverpool and its creeks - - - 24 - - - - 462 - — - 70'
BeaumajdiB and its creeks '- 3-- — 34-..- g
Carnarvon and its creeks - - - "2 - - - - 26 - - - - &
Tbe Chester vessels aippear to have been considerably lar
ger thaa those of Liverpool at the a-boive period, for the
average of the Liverpool does not amount to 20 ton»„
while that of Chester is above 25 tons to each vessel.
The Mayor of LivespioDi at finst declined tO) aicknowtedge
that pout to be dispendant on' Cbes-tei, but alterwa-i'ds was
obliged' to submit.
1630, On the 18th of Sept. the Duchess of Tremoulle,
mother-in-law of Lord Strange, was receired' at Cliester
even with greater state than Kibg James ; she was met at
HboWseatb by at Ifeast si's; hundred" horsemen, the Cor-
pottatieny genfferaen, &c, i$ Banquet was prepared for ber

288 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.
at the Pentice, and it is said there never were so many
Knights, Esquires, -and -Gentlemen assembled -together in
Chester before.
1631, There was no fair held at Chester by reason of
the infection of the plague in the adjacent country.
l642<This year the,unbappy dispiftes between King Charles
I. and the Parliament, which deluged tbe kingdom with
blood, and lost the Monarch bis head as well as his crown,
roused the citizens of Chester to arms, and, called forth a
noble display of loyalty and courage, for wbich they have
ever been conspicuous.
 ; On August 18fh, tbe drum of civil discord was
first sounded in Chester for the Parliattient by order of Sir
William Brereton, (afterwards the Parliamentary Comman
der in Chief of Chesbire.) This caused a great commotion
in tbe city, which was, -however, soon qitelled by tbe active
loyalty and courage of -William Cowper, Esq; tbe Mayor,
who seized one of the Parliamentarians by the collar, and
wresting a broad sword from another, instantly cut the
drum to pieces, and committed several of tbe party to
prison. This year King Charles having determined to visit Ches-^
t-er, in order to secure his interest in tbe city, which at tbat
time was thought of great importance, as securing the com
munication with Ireland, before he left Stafford for Shrews
bury, dispatched a courier with the following letter :
CHARLES R.
" Trusty and well beloved.
We greete you well; Whereas We have resolved to make
irepayre to our Citie of Chester, on Friday next; These are

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. ' 269

to iWi^ll^flfl^ require you to .warne all t,he Tra,yne-bands cf
. .that fffir Ciifw,,fp,p,e in readiness, .an.d give .their a.ttend.ance
to Us, in our entrance into the same ; and to take.care that
necessary vrqvision be .mad,e for ^etit^ertainment of ,JJs,and
fiur r.etpnue : so not dg:iib,ting of ,y ovr diligerice, therein, we
•bj,d you heartily fareviell.
Given at our Court at Stafford, I8th September, 1=642.
, To ,aur linustig^nd, iveiiibeldv^d TJu^iiassCewper,' Mqi/or of
'OUT Citie lOf Chester."
On Friday, ^epteniber'the 23'd, theKing -c.fime:to:Cbester,
att,e.ndpd„hy a l.arge suite of nobility an.d gentry, . T^ie tj-.^in-
bands of the city were sta^ipped on each side the Forega1;e-
stree't,, the incoi-p.orated coinpanic.s vyitb t^^eir respeetive co
lours^ and banners were ranged along the Eastgate-street:
the Sheriffs and Sheriffs Peers with the Common Council in
their gowns, being well mounted and theb horses capari
soned,^ received his Majesty at Spittal ^Boughton. Th.e
IVIayor, Recorder, and Aldermen .in, their robes, wej;e unon
a scaffold^ railed and bung i-oupd with t^p^stry. Onthe
King's ,ai-riv£\l at the place where the Magistrates stood, the
Recorder addressed him. in an appropriate speech, aftef
wbich tlie Mayor immediately came down from the stand,
9jod upioB liis J'kpees :desliyered fbe city sw-ord -to the King,
who gilaciat^y r^urned it,, when heibare.'-headed c^i-jtied it
before ^b^ j^geaty ^-tp-lhe Jientice, w-here .he.and bis suite
^|ej^e;,eip|jf^t^^pipd^ jagd, the JVlaytir in ^he name.ojf the (Cor
poration presented «be King witb 2001. in g.Q'Id, and lOOl.
^ .the J^rLupp .<rf W4.l!eSj -WthMh were tlwnkfuUy received.
Thg;:^ing j;em.ained in the city frotn the ?.3d .t.o.the 27th <>f
September, ,'diui: log -whidb time , be -resided at the 'Bisbojrd
Kk

M

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.

Pakcel Wbii'e staying here. Sir Richard Ciaile came tb him
iVom Prince Kiipeit, with tidiWgS of some successes Wbtaiiied
by hTs forces before \V6i-cestei-, and presented t'6 him the
colours taketi oh that occasibii. I'lie King havirig givien
ordei's for' th'e forttficat'torianddfefence of the city, t'e't'urnc.fl
through North Wales to Shrewsbiiiy ; the Coi-poration at
tending bim on his i''?ad;towai'ds .Wrexharn-.
On the 21st of October, the new "Mayo*-, WilKamlnce,
Esq. called a council to take measure's for tbe better forti-
. fying the city, arming and organising the loyal citizens, and
.establishing r^ulai centinfete.
The beginning of next summer, by advice of Col. Ellis,
Majbr Sydney, and, other skilful engineers, a. trench was
cut, and mud walls made from Dee-side, without. tlje Bars, to
Dee-side at the New Tower ; the walls repaired and lined
with earth ; the Newgate and New-tower-gate mured upj
divers pieces of, cannon placed in cpnvepient. places, both
for offence and defence, draw-bridges made at the Nortb-
gate, Eastgate, and ^Wdge ; turnpikes were placed in dif- ¦*
ferent parts of Ae oiit-wpiks, "besi()es several mounts, pit
falls', and other dfevices to secure tl^e qutwoj-ks and anno^y
the enemy's- approach to '.the city,"
1043-, * By the bi^innij^ Of the summer, the mud'-walls,
mounts, bastions, and defences w%re all coriipileited'. The
*¥he'fciHoWing arrcoiittt cff the Siege ofCbesfCif' has befell chiefly
taken from a yif)r%,v(yw sparc,e,,an4i«?hicU'bears a higirprjce— the
gvo. edition of the Vale ^oyal anfl Histo'ry. of qheshirej published
at'OhesK^r, 'in 1778, Iby 'JMiniPdolfe, father of TlidmSs ¦Poole', the
publisher of this -volume. Those whp wish for a more niinnte ac-
<!ount of that interesirug event, Vill do well to consult the " His
tory ofthe slege^of Chester," published by Broster aad-Soli, Ches-
. tar, in the year 1790.

CflI^O.NQLOGI(;^L RifGj^STE^^., 391-
oi^t-woiJ;iS; began, al)(p,ut^^|jat Pyavt qf the city-wall \vbich
Iji^s .bef.ijpejei^ ^}^e, tpwp;i' Joplyng t.p,w|^rd,S iS-Iavvai,'<len, and the
Npi'tbeate, and, pi'opeeded tovvar^ls,tbe Slol;le-:b,r^dgc, leading
to Blacon J tl^en iiicli^ii.ng t^ the nprtl|i-east, tqpl^ iu the,
utraost limits of Fu^-tber, Npithgate-st^'pef ; 3.vnl tuvnUig
eastward near Flookersbrook, encompassed Horn-lane, the
Jus,t\ng, Ci-pft, a,nd .a.\\ that paftof .tiie,\pvf-p, to l^o.vig-hton ;
tjron\,,w)l;^(e-(i.ee the works, \Yepe c^iy^-ie^ down liO the brink ot
the- ripir^-j^Sji- .>jj,Qlif)ja^, liyron .w^f^^^n.t ,by the il^i^^g t-p
cqiniiiand jn Cheshiire ,9,n,d,lpe p^y.^^-tjnr -fift]^? city, ip wbic^
sitU£(tio^ h,e appears %p |iave j;pJ5itiun^d ^ill t^e was taken
prispfl(;r by the pai-liaii^eDtai"y farces, b,etw^e\i Chester 2\pd
^autwich, in Jai;u^ry, },6^.— ^S^'- -AjJ^vahaiu t*bipman actecl
a? Goyei'iiqr in .>fo\ffuiilifr an^ Decvi^ber, 1 643;,; ^pd wi^s
afterwards succep<(?-^ by ^jr ^Villi^m Lfgge, afld.Co^. Mai-
i'o.w> but duriug, the, fatter part ofthe siege, Sjr John, tl^^fj-
l3,tfjy, c^-eatpd l^ord Byron, sp,n of Sir Nicl^olas, had tlie
gpvei'anient o,f tlie garri.^pii-,
July 18tb, Sir William Brereton, the Pailiameiitary Ge
neral, pame wifh bis foi'cf.s before Chester, and on the 20th'
Be made ^ viplent assault on the works, which were so re
solutely deiended, that he vvas beaten off, and forced to re
tire soon after, Syittal Bougbtpn chapel was pulled down,
and all the houses thereabout; maiiy' other bouses and
Barns in that neighbourhood' were also destroyed, to prevent
the enemy from making lodgments in tlieui, to the anuoy-
pnce of the city.
iNovember 1 Itb, fiir Willia-m Biereton caflie with a party
to Hawarden Castle (six miles from Chester) Thomas Ra-
vensei'oft. Esq, ,of Bretton, ^n4 Mr. John Aldersey, being
tben in- that garrison,- opened the Castle-gates, aud received

ciiid'soJ,66iiil liiEifeiB-rtitf.

Sir WilJiatoi and hii jl^rt!^ verj/ jb'yfVilfy; v^hto bieiriViri ptJS-
sfesSibri' of tbaf'sti-oi^fbtti-ess; arid'likeWik of th'e td-iv'n i6^
HaWai'den, ]!)i-^verite(t all tliat' rieigbboiiTiibcyd'fi-biii h'l'irigibg
cb'als, coi-ti, ' 01- pi'bVis^oriS ' oT aliy ' kind tb Cb^sfer, Wticb
proved 'a gl'eat nfiTcbriveiiieric'e'to'tbe'ciiy.
The ¦ aTttrttbiyiY' off fb^^iiria day thai Sir Willfarii Bi^tffe-
tbti erilf^rfetl' HaWaf-'dferi';' Mi-.' R'a'veii's'ct-bft; preteriil'Aij^" tb'
be cf the Kiilg"s party; v6riVifrried' to Chest^i-, and apl[)li'6t{
to thfe Govferhb'^fb'fkbai'feT'of-^iiri'fi'o'iitdfe'l-, and' 'a quaBtity
bf mafffi; ^hldb, aS hfe i(vafe dri§ilsi5yct^tf, wete d'eliU'red'to
hirii by thb sttii-fe-kefe'per of ihfegartis'bri. Oh the Thiilsday*
frillo'wiHg; Sir Wilir^liv'Bl-eretori wrotfe' a sUHim'bri's fr6&-
HawaVdfcn to' Sir'Ab'r'aikrii' Shipinah,: theti' Gdi-ferh'b'r dP
Chestel-; exfjtiessly -rfeijuitflrigblm to sdi-re'tia^-'tWEft cityi add-'
ing soriie severe ' tHftatfeffigk'iri ca^e* bf r^ftiial.'' th'fe G'b-
¦vfei-nor seht biitt -fo'i''aireWer,'"-Tbat he'was not tfcl'b^ te'r-
rified by words, but bade him'cbmfe and Win it, and hdve-
it;'' however, upon this warning, tbe Governor thought
proper tb order aill Handbridge suburbs arid Overlegb-halE
to be burnt dowri^. to pi-eveht the enemy from sheltering
themselves there, if they shoiild coriie to attack the city.
The day following, Bache Hall and Flookersbrook HaO'
were burnt down, lest tbey might afford lodgments to ene
mies from another quarter. A party of the King's forces,
which had been lately erajiloyed" against the rebels in-
Ireland, landed ahout that time at Mostyn, in Flintshire,
and adva!Bced to HawardBn' Castle', to' which they sSnfe
a Vferbal siittimons by'a trutnpeter, Wheh those witbiri the
gari-isbn letutned aUorig paper; in the puritdnicali style
«f tbose tiraes, concludii1g,> thus:— -—"We fear ' the los*'

CHROKOLOGicAL R'EG'il'rER'.' 2915
" of biit rfe'ligibri riibre than th^toss bf biii- dearest blood,
*' atfd Wh'^ t'eVolvfeff 'to Isialife gbddbui- ti-riSt, we jitlfbur
" li''^e4'i'iW"«^'h'arids'of tliat God; who cii'n, a'nd'wfe'hope
" n*ill, 's'^eilVe' thferii'tridrfe" than our Walls'br vveapoiis." '
Colonil MarroW,(ivvhlo,had'slimn!i'oriBd tbem by thetrbnt-
|>eter,iijatnedia£ely sent them thfe fallowing! reply :-—
November 2\st, l643t.
-Gfe'NtL'EM'iWi''' -'' ¦ ¦¦ -¦'¦ • ' ' '
" It is not to hear ¦you preach that I ain sent hftber;
" but' it is, in his Majesty's name, to deraand, the Castle
'' for his Majesty's use; as your allegiance binds you to be
" true to him, anrf no't to inveigle those jnnocent souls that
" are within vvitb yob r so I desire your resolution^ whether
" you will deliver the Castle or not ?"
A rejeJinder waS sbbn sfeivt'ffbiii thfe Castle,-iri'riiiit!b hie
same style witb tbfeii- former ariswfer,' ilil!friiati-rig-, tha'tl'tBcy'
were satisfied of CblbhelMarrbw's disaffection to preaching;
that God would requirfe blood from those wbo shed it; that
they reli'ed upon the Lord of Hosts, .&c.
Noveraber 22d. — More forces being, arrived from It'eland,
came up, and anotber summons was sent inform by Sir
Michael Ernley, and Major-General Gibson, and such an
aiisWer received' as thfe foi-hiei-. They' bad a lettfeV Ifk^wise
frbiii one' Captain Sandford, newly comfe fi-briil;be'sel-'vicfe'
in rrelakid, which, as'if is feoth^wbat sifigUl'ar, sballbfe here'
itisBrtfed' : — November 28th, l643. ,
Gentlemen,
" I' pifesuriie yod very wellknow, or have Keai-di of my
"¦ cbiiditibn arid dispositidri, arid that' I neitlier give or take.

294 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.
'f^^.quar|er; } am now^^|Witb my firelqcl^s., , w.hp i^^yei,- yat
" iiqglected ,ppi:jp!-tunities to cprj-ect, rebels^ i-'cji^flj; to, use
" ypu as ,1 have dpne,the liishi but lotb I^m to spjU Jiiy
" couiitrymeii's bipod.; wherefove. ,by,tbcse, 1 a,dyi^e ypu to
" your fealty and obedience towards his Majesty, and to
" shew ypu'rsetf faithful- subjects, by delivering the Cas'tle
" into nty hands for his Majesty's use; in so doing yoii
" shall be received into mercy, &c. Otherwise, if ypu put
" me tp the least trouble, or loss of blppd, to to.rce you,
" expect no (uiarter for raan, woman, or child. I bear you-
¦ ' . ' , ' ' , ¦ ¦ ' O' :i
" bave some of our late Irish army in your cpmjJiiiny ; tbey
" very well knpw me, aiid that my firelocks u§e(J,npt parly.
" Be npt ui:advis.ed, but ' think of your liberty, for 1 vow
" all hopes pf relief are takfn from ypu, and our contenis
are not to starve you, but to batter ana s.^orm you, aud
" then hang you all, and follow tbe rest of that rebel-crew^^-'
" I fiai no bi',ej^d ajid cheCiSe r-pgue, but was ever a loyalist;-
•' apd will be whilst I., can 'ivrite 0|V naiiip
— '' 'TuoBii.-is Sandford.,
t (ii<-;. " Captain of Fireloclss. ,\t
" I exjiect your speedy ans\\er,^this Tuesday nifibt at
" Bioad-laue Hall, where I now ara your near neighbour."'
" To tbe officer commanding in chief at Hawarden Cas--
" tie, and bis consorts there;" "
However, the parrispn nqt surrendering, the bcsiei^ers-
thought proper to ai)])ly to Chester to obtain a reiaforce-
iiipiit ; whereupon Sir Abrabam Shipman, the Goyerno(-,.
called a council of the Commissioners to consider of this.
matter, who, after some debate, resolved as follows :
" At a council holden at the council-chambev vrithin
",his Majesty's Castle at Cbestej-, this ^rst daj pf ^egcra-

tfilftbirdtocrcAL ufe'eis'tifcfe.' 2^5
¦"¦'bfe¥, r64'^3,' Vve, Wbbs'fe riahieS are berellritb sub'scribed,
'¦'¦ iiaVirig'dtliy'\<'fe'r^itd arid consideVed the amplication arid
''' re(\Meii of Sir iVfiehael EVnley, Knight, Arid Majbr'Ge-
*' ii'ei-al Rich'a'rd'Glbsbri, fii'i aid and assTstanfie', wlifereby to
^'"fenabletllferii to i'ed lice' the /eliel gai-i'is'on at'HkWa'tden, it
" is hereby oider'^il^ that oii the'rilbi'ioW, by bfedk of day,
" 300. of the . citizens £ind train-bandsj with their proper
" officers, together with the cprilpaniesbf Captains Thropp
" and Mprgeli, do march tb the assistance of tbfe king's
''"¦ foi'ces now at Hawarden, and that this detachment shall
•" be commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel John Robinson."
¦ : (S-lgped-).

ABRAHAM SHIPMAN
ROB. CHOLMONDELEY
WILLIAM MANWARING
ROBERT BREREWOOD
THOMAS COWPER

FRANCIS GAMULL
R. GROSVENOR
THOMAS 'THROPP
CHARLES WALLEY

• Deteeniber 2d.';-^Accordingly tbis reinforceiiient came td
HaWaWle'n next' day; and a bri^k attack- bfeing made upon
tbe Cafetlfe the day following-, tlie- besieged b\iBg out a white
flagi, arid Dec. 4tb, 1643> capitulated ; and early tbe' rieit
Morrirn^ tbe Gastle Was sun-eiidered tb Michael Ernley^ on
conditi'b-n to liiarbh ont with half arras, and two paiiis-'of co-
Jours, one flying and the other furled, and to be safely cori-:
yoyed either to Werii oi- Nantwich.
- After thisr success, the party .from Chester, m-^rclied h^fik
to-.i that :city, witliout the ic^s,pf one man ; apd the royal
ists, being further reinforced by some regiments froBH Ire
land, marched into Cheshire, under the cqramand of Sir
John, lately created Lord Byron, arid took !^'eestori Castle;
for ^hicfa the Farliariient Governor there,' Was sobri aft^r
-executed for coWardice.

cpjaji^OLo^picAJL ^f^G^ST^H.

N,e;st |f|iey, engaged ..Sir }yill'i^,^fer^tfin And Cp^j^nd
f^jshton, at Middl^vvjch, ?nd <?u.t Qffijea.r,t.vvo,h.ufld^e.d pf
tbe;r ^n^en, wljich opcasio^e^d North wiph to be .quitted tp
.t^iefi], and Ul^ewj;se..C)'.ejive,-bouse, ^after .a, stout resistance,
jij-as fqrpijd fo ,su)-reoder ; as als,o ,po(Jdi;ngt,9;a ,H,all, |^n4
.^qfpfl^ Cl^.urqb, withOjUt ^u9:b ppppsitipn.
On, the 18th of Januar-^', Lord Byron made a suddeo and
\:iqjeat stpr-jn upon Nantw.ich, bqt was b^ate;i;i off wjth great
'Jps^, and juBong theslain \;^as tbe,famoqs Firelock Captain,
before mentioned.
January 25th, 1 6-4-4-.-^That town was i'elieved,.and,'Loi'd
Byron routed by General Fairfax.
Febnaaiiy IStli. — A-detachinent of tbe Garrison ofC-hes-
ter sallied -forth to attack a party of the Parliament soldiers,
who had made a lodgment at Christleton.' The skirmish
b£gan near Great tBoughton, arid .after-aiy-firy^bloody en
gagement,, the ;P.ai;liament farces retired; 'I'Bh^re iwersdaio
of the King.!8 jpaifcy, ,officer.s ,^, soldiery, .near 140, jnost
of them \Gbester .njen. .Ilpqn the. j Weil riesday^ following,
Gre^tjBougbtonjWas.bujjneddoiKn .by,theigan3san QfiGbesr
ter, Jto prevent /the P^stliajrientarians rfromJiarbQurLmg -there.
June 19tb.— A party of the Kine's fprqes, cpns'isting of
six companies of foot, and three troops of horse, marched
out of Chester to reconnoitre the enemy in the neighbouring
quaiters, and took Captain -Glegg, and bis .whble troop
prisoners. ' ' ¦
- ' ' - ' . '.-.Mini
j-^ugust 18tJ^.-:-Cqlpnel Mar,i;o^, Qovcrnqr of Ctbesber^
jfell upon a ^arty of Sir William Brpre^on's, foijces, near
Crowton-house, where they had a garrison^ and took four-

•"i"i "' "'- " ¦ -I ¦- I - I  , II  in,.
CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. < 287^
teen of them prisoners; but the Governor himself received
a shot tbere, of which be soon after died at Chester,
August 21st.— Sir William Brereton sending out a party
from Northwich, tbey advanced as far as Tarvin, and there
engaged a party of the King's forces ; hut tbe alarm being
given to Chester, tbey sallied out of that garrison aiid rout
ed the Parliamentarisms, who fled over Delamere forest with
' . _. _ ¦;¦¦-¦•'•¦ -. '¦¦••¦ ' ¦ if' ,'
great precipitation.
Prince Maurice coming to Chester' during tbe'sle^e' ih
1644, thought proper to issue out ia precept to the coramis
sioners there, to tender a protestation- or test, to the inhabi
tants of the city; the precept and testwere as fbllows :
" To the Mayor of the city of Chester, Sir Frandis (3a-
" mull. Sir William Manwaring, . Lieut.-Col. Robinson,
"¦ Alderman Thomas Cowper, Lieut.-Col, Grosveriory-Co-
¦^'j lonel Mostyn, Captain Thomas Thropp, Captain Mor-
"¦ gell, or to any 'two of them: — These- are to will,-autho-
'f rize, and require -you, or- any two of you, to administer
" the protestation hereunto annexed, -lately made forthe
"¦security of tbi^ city,.to all the nobility, gentry, diviries,
'" citizens, and all other the inhabitants of this city; and
"¦'to all and 'every the officers; soldiers, and others, that
V shall corae into, or -have any commerce within the said
"" city, - And in case any person or persons''fefuse> deny,
" and will not take tbe same, you are hereby required to
'" give iri a list of the names of all and every person so re-
" fusing,'unto me. Herein you are not to fail. Given at
''"Chester, under my hand and seal at arms,'tbis 4th "day of
*' March, 1644," Ll

298 CSilONOLO^ilCAL REGISTER.
Ci)r ]^r0testatiott.
" I, A. B. do vow and protest, in tbe presence of Al-
" mighty God, that I belieye in my heart, that tbe Earl of
" Essex, Sir William Brereton, Sir Thomas Middleton, ana
"" Mr. Thomas iru-tton, and all their parly and adherents,
" are in actual rebellion aga!irist the King, and that I wirf
'' vvith myself, life, arid fortune, arid|to the utmost of iriy
" power, maintain and defend his Majesty's cause against
" the- saidrrebifls,, find aU others who, are notw in arms with-
'/ out his. Majesty's express consent and comraan,d ; and
'/¦ that I wfill not,gi-ye,, nor by any privity and consent suf-
" fei; tb be given, apy aid, assistance, or intelligence ta the
" aforesaid rebels, or any of their parties, to the preju-
"(Jiee of the safety of this eity of Chester, to the be-
" -traying qf it, or ainy forces-^ castles, gar»-jsons, or forts,
" under bis Majesty's express command abd government,
'.< or any of his diilriicuaiis^ into tbe said rebels hands or
'" power. -And I do- likewise from my soul aihhoir this tak-
"'ing; of - tl-ie damnable andr, late, iavented Covenant, com-
"rmomly cajled- the National Covenant, expressed by tbe
" rebjels upon riiany of bis! Majesty's subjects : And tq^ all
¦*' that 1 have piiotestedi I call God t{), witness, believing
'", that I cannot W absolved by any .power. Mental reserva-
" tion, or eqiyvooatioa, frora tbis'myivowahd protestation.
['^ So help me God„a«d by %he contents of this booki"
-¦),-^^P^™'^^^' lat^'*^ 1645'.— Colonel Jones, who commandea
lhe horse, and Adjutant-Geneial Lquthiaa^ who command-
t^ the foot, whicb were then besieging Beeston Castle,
^drew cff 1300 horse and foot from that place, about eight
'©'¦elftgkJn, the evening, and in a very private manner before

-CHRONDLOGICAL hegisi-er. 399
.day-break, tbey divided tlneir fojioes into four squadron^,. ,
and stormed the out--w!orks io so many different places, and
got upon tbe works in some ]iarts even before the guards
¦ discovered -them, and so mth lititle loss made tberiiselves
, masters not only of Boiigliton, but of St. John's Ghoreih,
with tbe adjoiiiimg lanes, . tbe iFdriigisn.ff^l*% arid all the
eastWai-d subui-bs in tbe Foregate-street ; they possess«/d
-tbe'msejlvcs of die Mayor'* boBse, -with Xhe sword and raacfe,
.&c. and made a brisk attempt upori Che city 4tself, to tbe no
small terror and consteiiaabion of all within.
The King bavirigbeen at Hereford, left that city the very
day that this attack, was qaade upon CTliester, intending to
pass t'ht-ougb Lancashire and' Curiiberland into. Scotland ;
and taking his route through. Wales came tq Chirk Castle.
As he advanced near Chester, be received iijtfelllgence of Cql,
Jones's late success; but bis Majesty's coraing greatly en
couraged tbe garrison, as it equally disraayed the besiegers,
"Whom the King's trobps already looked upon as in theiir
power. Sir Marmaduke Langdale was detached with most qf the-
hoise over Holt-bridge, that he might be on the (2heshiiie
side of the river Dee, whilst tbe King with his guards, and
'the Lord Gerrard, wJtb tbe rest of the hqrse, marched tl^t
night iuto Chester. His Majesty lodged, Sept. 34, l645.,
at Sir "Francis GamuU's hovise, near the Bridge, Nejtt
morning Alderman Cowper went to pay his duty to thc
King, and was most graciously received,, and bad the honor
to kiss his Majesty's hand ; the King was pleased in a very
Vind manner to exjiress his approbation ofhis service, and
oi-de4-ed bim to attend him that day.
Sir Marmatluke Langdale, having passed the ri,ver at
Holt, was drawn up upon Rowton-heatb, thi:ee miles east of

3G0 CHRONOLOGICAL BEGIBTER.

Chester, that. veiy. evening, when he intercepted, a letter
from Major-Gen.i Poyntz, who was advanced as far as Whit
church, to the Parliament Commander before Chester, tell
ing him that- be was come to bis rescue, and desiring himi to
have some foot sent to bim to assist him against tbeiKing's
horse. The next morning Poyntz being advanced towards
Chester, Sir Marmaduke Langdale charged him with such
resolution,. that he fol>ced him to retire. However, he drew
up bis. men again,- but kept at a. distance, expecting tbe
forces from before ; Chester, to whom he had dispatched a
second courier. In the mean time tbey in the city not con
sidering, till it was too late, in what posture Sir Marma
duke Langdale was, and there being no good inteljigenqe
between him and the Lord Gerrard, sent him orders to
march towards Chester, where some foot, drawn up under
the command of Lord Astley, and Sir Thomas Glemman,
should be ready to support him ; but Sir Marmaduke could
not possibly obey thege orders, because had be proceeded
towards Chester, Poyntz would have fallen upon his rear.
About noon Colonel Jones, and Adjutant-General Lou-
thian, having drawn out 500 horse, and 300 foot, from be
fore Chester, began a hasty march, whicb caused tbose
in the city to imagine that they were upon their flight;,
whereupon a great party of the forces in town were ordered
out of the Northgate-street, and so by Flookersbrook, for
the direct way was blocked up by the enemy, to pursue the
besiegers;, but it seems their supposed flight was an eager
haste to get up to General Poyntz, who now perceived
Col, Jones's men coming towards bim, and baving rallied
bis troops, immediately advanced upon Sir Marmadnlefe
Langdale, and then there began a most furious fresh en-
tounter. General Langdale having to deal M'ith Poynt'i

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 301
,m- the front, - and Jones's reinforcement baving fallen upon
his rear, after baving fought, bravely, was at length over
powered and routed, and forced to retire towards Chester.
: Poyntz pursued his victory, aud followed close till he came
to Hool-heath, where tbe Lord Gerrard and the Earl Lind
sey were drawn out with their troops, who charged and re
pulsed him ; but those disordered horse, wbich fled first,
had crowded : up: all the little passes and narrow lanes be
tween that and tbe city, situations quite unfit for horse to
fight upon, so that when a fresh body of tbe enemy's mus-
queteers charged briskly upon them, they forced the King's
horse to turn, and to rout one another, and to overbear their
own officers who would have restrained them. In this fatal
, crisis fell many gentlemen of high rank, and officers of dis
tinction. Ainong the slain, and covered over with wounds,
was Berman Stuart, the young gallant Earl of Lichfield.
A noble historian tells us that he was the third of that illus
trious family that sacrificed their lives in this cause; a very
faultless young man, of a most gentle, courteous, and affa
ble nature, and of a spirit and courage invincible, whose
loss all men exceedingly lamented, and the King bore it
with extraqrd.inary grief.
By computation not less than 600 were killed on both
.§ides, and many persons of quality, of the King's party,
were taken prisoners, araongst whora was Sir Philip Mus
grave, of tbe North. His Majesty, attended by the Mayor,
Sir Francis Gamull, and Alderman Cowper, stood first up
on , the leads ofthe Phoenix Tower; he afterwards ascended
the great Tower of the Cathedral, where an officer was shot
dead by his side, and was all the time a sad spectator of
jnost of this tragedy. The King's routed horse were scat-

302 CURONOLOGICAIL REGISTER.
tered about the- country, several made for, Holt-bfidge,
others ventujied to cross the river at Bougbton-ford, for
Pnyntz baving had enough that day, pursued them no ftir-
tber> His Majesty staid that night and the next morning
iu Chester, and at bis departure gave orders to Lord Byron,
then Governor, and to bis Comraissioners, "if after eight
days they saw no possibility of fai-ther assistance, to treat
iat tbeir own pi-eservation ;" believing that the city must
of necessity have surrendered even before he co'uld well se
cure bis own persouj though the place held out against a
close and severe siege twenty weeks afterwards ; and bad
those whora bis Majesty employed to relieve it, done tbeit
parts, or had not the intended assistance from Ireland been
stopped, tbe city had not then fallen into the enemy's bands,
but might possibly have been the basis "of a new fortune to.
his Majesty.
'Sejit. 25.-^The King marched over Dee-bridge witb SOO
horse, and not without some danger passed into Wales; Sir
Francis Gamull, Captain Thropp, and Alderman CoWpfer,
attended bis Majesty to Denbigh Castle, where he arrived
tbat night. They staid with the King till Saturday, when
those loyal citizens took a sad and final leave o'f theii- Sor
vereign, and returned to Chester, which, if possible, they
found more distressed than when they left it tbe Thursday
before ; for tbat very morning, about four ofthe clock, thfe
enemy had again forced the works at Boughton, and re-pos-
,scssed themselves of all tbat part of tbe town vvithout the
Eastgate; the citizens though now confined Within the nar
row citcuit of their own walls, earnestly applied themselves
to the defence of the cily,
Sept. 29. — The besiegers made a breach in the walls near
tbe Newgate, by the battery bf ISO cannon shot, amU't

Hill'iMl. III. ' -' . - - , , ,  ^
caSONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 30%
niight maide a sharp assault , upon the breaob in the wall,
hear tbe Newgate. They likewise atteiDipted to mount tbe
walls with scaling ladders, but some . officers and several
soldiers were hauled: over the walls, some of the ladders
too were dragged over, and maniV: of tbe assistants thrown
down and killed, and the restforced to give over the attack,
October 1st — The enemy rempved their battery, and
planted thirteen pieces of cannon against tbe Eastgate, and
played them furiously all that day, but with little or no da-
liiiage to the city, Early the next morning the citizens made
a b^isk sally, dismounted nioi a of these camnons, killed se
ven or eight men, and brought in a Lieutenant and an Ea-i
gineer prisoners.
October -4-tb.' — Tbe besiegers removed theii- great oi-d^
nance, aud planted four large pieces against the walls be
tween tbe Northgate and tbe New Tower, where the be
sieged had some cannon planted upon Morgan's-mount.
All Sunday the enemy played their artillery so violently,
¦that they, beat down some battlements, and forced the King's
soldiers to retire frpm the walls ;* they likewise, by a shot
scattered the' carriage of one of tbe largest cannons, whicb
in the fall batf two feet of the muzzle broke off. That night
the besieged rejiaired tbe damages, and made entrenchments
in the Lady Borougb-hey, which they found to be, very ser-
viceablein the defence of that pai-t of the city.

*,It -was in the attempt made by the besiegers to storiR tbi$ part
of the wall, that the gallant Sir William Manwaring fell; be
was buried close to the north part of the Gommumon-rails, in
tlie Choir ofthe Cathedral, where a handsome marble mounumcnt
(lately removed to near the great west entrance ofthe auti-choir)
vras erected to fais utsmory by his widow.

804

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.

October; €tb. — ^The enemy) removed their ordnance about
six roods downwards nearest to the .New, Tower, but tbey
had no, great, effect. The day following they raised a bat
tery upon! Brewer's Hall-bill; endeavouring with those can
non to clear the line within the 'city,
October Sth, — There was a parley between the city and
fhe, besiegers, and an answer was to be returned tb6 riext
morning; but terms could not be agreed-upon, so the siege
was continued witb all -possillle vigor, and the same day
they placed two pieces of cannon upon an eminence in St.'
Johri's-lane, and played them with rauch violence against
the walls. The next day tbe besiegers discharged 352 large
'shot against the walls ; two breaches were made, but they
were effectually repaired. That afteriioon the eneiny's
horse; dre'W up round about the tqwiij.and about five o'clock
a violent assault was made in several places .; the battle
ments were resolutely attacked, and as bravely de^eiided';'
the assailants having with great difficulty gained the top
of the walls, were beat o^, tl^rovyri down, aqd killed. The
King s party got ,a gpod many arms, and dragged lip seve
ral scaling-ladders over the walls iiito the city, .^fter this
day's actiop the besiegers did not think .fit to ipa'ke any fur
ther attempt to storm the city, hut changed tlje siege into
a close blopkade, in order to subdue thpse by fanzine, whom
they tould not overcome by forcp.
The Parliainent forces having made a fioating bridge ovei-
tbie river, just above Chester, the besieged finding them
selves much annoyed by it,'liadi-ecoiirse to this contrivance
tP burn it : upon a certain day, when there was a spring
tide, they filled two boats vrith eombiistibi^ materials, and
so turned them adl-ift to be carried' up the river by the tide.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 303
The boats floated up tbe river accoi'dingly,'and the trains
took fire When tbey carae to the enemy's bridge, but by the
diligeiice of the giiards no great damage was done. The
-Same day 500 horse and 200 foot, raade a brisk sally out of
the city, and fell upon the besiegers, but being over-powered,
il was thought adviseable to retire back to Chester, and^but
few were killed-on- either side.
November 27th.— ^Sir William Brereton sent some pro
posals to tbe besieged, but the Lord Byron and the Com
missioners insisted upon such terms as would not by any
means be complied with, so that treaty was soon over,
¦December iOfb. — ^Colonel Booth, vrith the Lancashire
forces, wbo bad just before reduced Latham-house, received
orders to march to Chester, and reinforce Sir William Brere
ton; they arj-ived accordingly, and such!dis;|>ositions were
made, that the city was quite encompassed, nor was any
place more straitly beleagured —This spon occasipned a
scarcity of prpvisions, and tbe jioor citizens kept a Lenten
Christmas. -In the beginning of January hunger and want
began to occasinn discontents, and murmurings increased
almost tp a mutiny. The disaffected insinuated to the people
that notwithstanding this misery, the Governor and Com
missioners -lived well tbeniselves. The Lord Byron and
-some of the Coramissioners topk opportunity, severally,
to invite the chiefs ofthe malcontents to dine with them,
and entertained them with boiled wheat, and gave them
«pring water to drink it -down, solemnly assuring them, that
-this, and such like, bad been tbeir only fare for some time
past. When this was made known to the citizens, they all
seemed inspired with the same resolution to hold it out to
the last extremity, M-M

30(5, CUAQJ<OL0GI,CAL RSRISTIiai.
Januairy, l645. — SirW. Breiieton sent a sprl of aithreatr
ening, summons, tp, the Comnipnidci's, to wbiichi they j-eturued
n.Q ansvv.eil in five days, \\!h.?reqipoiji, Si;r William, sent ano-
thej'i kt-tei! tp tbem, peremptorily requiting tliem tp aP^W,er
it that day, whJp.b they accordingly did, pfferiflg tp, cpi;^
tp a lireaty if. tbe King didinst relieve thera in, twelve, days,
and desiring a pass tp send an. expi;ess,tq the King, Ryt
this was npt complied with.
Tbe- Governor aijd the GojjiiJiiJssi,onei-s hadji by their jii-
dicioas maoagemeu.t^ kept tbis, town antfc-giai'risoij conteiit-
-ed to feed on, bovse^, dpgs,. and icgte, whilst there, was the
least probability of relief. Tbey refused nine several sum-
mprises, and dSd not answer the. tenth. t-iJl they bad recsi-ied
rindnubteil assurance that therewere no hopes ofariy- suc
cours; then, and not till then, tbey consented- to a treaty,
previous to which the &lk>jivi]Qgi letters pasSedi between, the
¦CommandieKS : — . . - i
M|y Lord,
" I canr-ot send you such projiosifions as have fofmerly
"been rejected, every day producing loss of blood and ex-
" pense of trefisure; neither will I trouble myself with an-
" swering tbe particulars of your unparalleled deraands ; to
" which if I suit mine, I' sbould require no less than youl--
" self and all the officers and coriimanders to he my pri-
" souerS, aiid the rest to submit to mercy. "Yet to Witness
" my desires for the preservation ofthe city, Ihave upon
" serious 'considei-ation and debate, tbnught fit to tender
" these inclosed conditions, conceived conducible to the
""welfare of the city and countries adjaceiit; for the pel -
'" fecting whereof, I am content coramissioners meet, an3'
" have, given commission to these gentlemen to receive your

«ii"i", ..-¦' i-nx  n-— ir  l.«llll I ¦- ¦ - -^- - ¦-.-.  .. ---->----.
CBROMm'OXilCAL REGISTER. 307
" atiswer in wi-iting to 'these.piroposrtlons of ttiiwe herewith
"sent, itoQching whioh I shall ndtbe'io scrupulous as to
" deimand their 'return, not valningto What view tihe^'Wia^
" he exposed ;- therefore they are left with you if yon if/lease ;
'•' and, I rema-iri, " Your Servant, "'^M. B'R'EKE¥6-k."
Chkstm- 'ISicb'urbs, Jan. "26-, f64S.
To this my Lprd that day returned, that lie could 'riot at
pi-BSeht give -a frfll ia'nsU'er, in regard 'that be 'ttitist' consult
t'he ^^iitleriren joiri'^d in the com-nii'ssibn With him; however,
the ribxt day be'seii't bis allSWer thufe :-i-
SlR,
"¦ Those demands of ijjine, whicb yon term unparalleled,
" have been heretpfoi'e granted by far greater Commandej-s
" than yotri'self, no disparagement to you, to places in a far
" worse condition than, God be thanked, tbis is yet. Wit-
" ness the Bosse, Breda, and Maestricht, and as many o^her
" tbwhs as bave been beleagured either by the Spaniards or
" the tlblland'ers; or to colne near, Ycrk and Carlisle, aiid
" nearest pf all, Bfees'tpti Castle ; a.iid-lherefore you must ex-
" cuse riie. If, upon the authcrity pf sp trianyexarapjes, I
" have not only proppuuded, but think fit tp insist u-ppii
''' tbem, as the sense of all manner of people in the city. — As
" idic your concei't in deraanding of niylelf, and the rest ofthe
" commanders and officers, tu be your prisoners, I would
' " have you knovv,, that we esteem our honor so far above
" our lives, that no extremity whatsoever can put so mean
" tbouabts into the meanest of us all. — That to submit to
^'ifdik 'ftl^rtJy Is by OS r^A'otie^'arii'brigSt those ^things that
^¦' ¦W'e intend We-ver 'to 'mBlfe tee 'of.'— 'I am itevel'tbeless st3l
" coiaft^il^t t'hA the cotrin/is^ioriei's whose names I fprtnerly

308

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER,

" tendered untoyou, meet witb such as you shall appoint, in
" any indifferent place, to. treat uppn honprable conditions ;
" and desire you to- assure yourself, that no other will he
' ' assented unlo, by. , " Your Servant,
" John Bvron.''
Chester Castle,. Jem. 27, 1645,
To which Sir William Brereton: sent the reply as under^.— •
My Lokd,
" I cannot believe that you conceive the war betwix't
" the Hollanders and the Spaniards is to be made a prece-
" dent for us ; neither can I believe that such conditions as
" you demand were granted to the Bosse, Breda, or Maes-
" tricht. Sure I am, none such were given to York, Car--
" lisle, or Beeston, though some of them were maintained
" by as great commanders as youi-self, and no disparagement
" to you. I shall therefore oft'er to your consideration the
" exaraple of Liverpool, Basing, and Latham, who, by
" their refusal of honorable terms when they were propound-
" ed, were not long after subjected to captivity and the
" sword. You may, therefore,, in pity to all those inno-
" cents under your coramand, tender tbeir safety and tbe
" preservation of the city; for wbich end I have sent you
" fair and honorable conditions, such as are tbe sense
" of all the qfficers and soldiers with rae ; whicb being re-
" jected, you may expect worse from
"¦ Yom- Servant, «
" Wm, BjRERETON,"
Chester Suburbs, Jan. If, 1 645,
It now being thought adviseable to come to a treaty, the
Lord Byron fixed upon eighteen Commissioners, and a
greater number were appointed on behalf of the besiegers-.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 30!)
 prf  ^ —
whichis taken notice bf by Sir William) Brereton in a letter
to tbe Parliament, wherein he says, " I was tbe mpre de-
sirpus tp have a number pf Commissioners, tbat the soldiers
might ' be better satisfied with that wbich was agreed unto
by their own officers ; and the officers would be more care
ful to keep tbe soldiers to an observance of tbose conditions,
which they themselves had signed and ratified,"
The Treaty continued six days, during which there were
frequent debates among tbe city Commissioners, when they
withdrew from the others to consider of certain points. At
length conditions, consisting, of eighteen articles, were
agreed to, and subscribed by twelve of the city Commis
sioners, but as some of tbose articles were dissented to by
others, tbe ti-eaty was refused to be signed byithe Commis
sioners following : — Francis Gamull, Thoraas Cowper, Rob.
Brerewood, Charles Walley, Richard Morgell, and Rohert
Harvey ; but a great majority agreeing to, and subscribing
the following .terms, they were likewise confirmed by Lord
Byron, " Aeticle' I, They, the Lord Byron, and all Noblemen,
Coramanders, Officers, Gentleraen, and Soldiers, and all
other persons whatsoever, now residing in tbe city of Ches
ter, and tbe castle and fort thereof, shall have liberty to
taarch out of the said city, castle, and fort, with all their
apparel whatsoever, and no other, or more goods, horses', or
arras, than are hereafter-mentioned, viz. The Lord Byron
with his horse and arms, and ten men witb their horses and
arms, to attend him ; also his lady and servants, two coaches,
aRtJfpm" horses in each of them, for the accommodation of

SilO CHROtfOEOGICAX REGISTER.

th«m and such othier ladies amd -gentlemen as the said Ldrd
Syron shall, -think meet; witb eighty of the said Lord's
books, and. all diis deeds and evidences, TOannscripts, and
fwi'iitiwgs in, his possession. And the said Lord and Lady,
¦nor any of bis attendants, shall carry amongst thera ¦all
Above forty pounds in money, and twenfy pounds in plated
The rest ofthe Noblera'en with theirladiesand sei-vanits,
to march with their horses, each of the said Lords, attend-,
, ed with four men, their horses and arras ; and eveiy such
Nobleman cai-rying With hiHi not above tMrty pounds in
money. Every Kl'iiglit and Colonel to raarch with foirt-
riiert, theii- horses and arms ; no such "Knight ot- Colonel to
carry wilh biln above ten pourtds i'n iribney. Eveiy Lieute
nant-Colonel, Major, and Captain of horse, with oiife mail
Ibeil- horses and arms ; and Such Lieutenant-Colonel, Maj-oi-,
and Captain, not to cart'y with him above five pounds iri
mOriey. ]E*ety Cap'tairi of foot. Esquire, Graduate, Preach
ing Minister, Gentlelrian of quality, tbe Advoc'atearid Se
cretary bf tbe arm^, every of theiri With bis own horse and
sword, tbe Ministers without swords ; none of them cari-y-
ing with bim above fifty shillings ; and the Ministers to
ihave all their xiwa man-ustripts, notes, and evidences. Lieu
tenants, Cornets, Ensigns; and other infe-rior Officers in
pommissiqn, on foot, with every man bis own swprd, and
not above twenty shilliiigs in money All troopers, soldiers,
gun ))0W(ler-raakei-s, cannoniers, and all others not befoi'.ej
mentioned, to march without horse or arms ; and tbat noug
qf the said persons before mentioned shall, in their march,
after they are out of the city and libefties thereof^ be plun
dered, searched, or inolested,"
" 11. That all wometi of what degree soever, that pleasfe
to march out of the city, shall ha^e all tbeit apparfel with

CHoaNoLoeicAL. aegist-iiRi , 9\l

thetU;; and-such pfitcers'wivea whose husbands are prispners,,
or absent,' mtiy carry such suras ofi money with then) as are
allowed by these articles to commanders, officers, or gentle-
¦men, of t'heir hitsbands qualities, and no more."* '
¦ " III. That none of the commanders; offica-s^ or soldiery
or any ot-berj at or befo-re tbeir marching outof the cityj
castfei Of'fort, i-mjnne or plunder tbe jierson orgoods ofany;
nor cai-iyan-y thing away out of the city, castle, orfort, but
what is th«ii"'own, and hereby a-llojved.''
""»- " - '- ^-—¦— --«-._. 
-.,-¦- -^— -^
"IV. That all, citizens and others row residijif witliiBif^
tJie, c|ty, shall be s^ve.d and secursdi in tbej;- persons; ai<d
¦¦their goods and estates within the. city an.d. liberties, thereof-
be preserved and kept from the plunder and violence of tbe
^o)diei:s ;; aijd have the Ijke, freedom pf trade as otheE towns
Uflder the Parliaii>en,t protection h^,ve, and such, iraij^upj^ies,
,as tbey of right ought to have. A.nd, tbat every siich- mer
chant and tradesman of Chester as shall desire to go into
Nqijtb WaJ^^ ,tq, Iqpl? aftej- bis goods, shall have a pass >to
go- thither and return; back again;, he fiijst giving security,'
that- du,i;ing ihi? ahsepce bp will do np act.to the piiejudice
of the Parliament ; and that no such person shall at any
time, without license, carry more witb him than sufficient
to defray the charges of his journey. And that all citizens,
and other inhabitants, who shall now or hereafter desire to
march out of the city of Chester, and not to act any thing
against the Parliament, their wives and famiUes to bave the
benefits and privileges- of inhabitants."'
" V, That such officers or soldiers as shall be left sick oi-
wounded within the city of Chester, or the castle, or forts
sthereof, shall ,haye liberty to stay tiU thfiirreepvra'y', a»d

312 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.
have passes or convoy to any of the King's garrisons not
blocked up; in tbe mean time to be provided for."
" VI. Tb-at ihe ,said Lord Byron, Noblemen, coraman
ders, gentlemen, officers, and soldiers, and all others that
shall march out of the tovvn, «ball have liberty to maj-cbto.
Conway, and five days are allowed them to march thither,
with a , convoy, of twp hundred horse j the Welsh officers
and soldiers shall have liberty to go to tbeir own homes, all
of tbem to have free quarters on their raarch, and twelve
carriages if they shall have occasion td"use so many, whicb
carriages are to be returned On the sixtliday, and that passes
be given them for their safe return to Chester, and that
tbey be secured until tbey' return thither."
" VII. Tbat no soldier on bis mai-Cb shall be inveigled
or enticed from his colours or command, with any promise
or inducement whatsoever."
" VIII. That all such petsons, cifizeiiS, or others, who
have families in Chester, and -are now in places reraote,
shall have the like benefit of these articles, as those'who
are now resident in the city."
" IX. That tbe friends of the Earl of.Derby, and Lich-,
field, or any of those whose dead bodies are not yet interred
in Chester, shall bave two months tirae to fetch theai;
thence whither tbey please, provided that none of; them
come attended with above twenty lioises."
" X. Tbat no church within the city, or evidence, or
writings belonging to the same, shall be defis(ced."
"¦ XI. That such Irish as were born of Irish pai-erits, and

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 3t8
have taken part wi^btl^eirebels. in Ireland, now in the city,
sliallbe prisoners,"
'* XII. Tbat all tbose boi-ses and arras belonging to
those that march out, and not by these articles allowed 'to
he takeq and -(can-Jed, outof -the city, except such horses a«,
are the proper goods of t^he citizeiis and .inhabitants, that
shall remain in tbe city before the delivery ofthe sarae, be
brought, the horses irtto the castle-cqurt, and the arms'in
tlie shire-hall, -where, officers shall he appointed to receive
them." " .XIII. That in consideration of this, the said city arid
eastle without any sligbtjng or defacing thereof, with- all the
-ordnance, arms, ammunition, and all other farniture and
provision of war therein whatsoever, except what is allow
ed to be carried away, and all tbe records in the castle with
out diminution,' erilbezzling, or defacing, be delivered to
the sai'd Sir WiUiam Breretori, or such, as, he shall appoint,
for the use of the King and Parliament^ upon Tuesday .pext,
being the ttiird of this instant 'Febriiai-y, l645, by ten of
the clock in the forenoon."
'f ,XIV. Th^t the -fort, with 'all ordnance, arms, ammu
nition, and provisions therein, of what sort whatsoever, not
firmly granted or aUowed of upon the signing these articles
be- delivered to Sir William Breretori, or such as he shall
appoint." " XV. That upon signing these articles, aU. prisoners in
the city, castle, or fort, that have been in arras for the Par-
I'lament, or imprisoned for adhering thereunto, shaU imme*
diately-be at liberty,"
N«

 11 I I ^^— — — — w^— — — MgSBJggW- ¦
314 CHROSO-LOGICAL RSnHlSTEn.
" XVI. That the eonvOys shall not receive an injury ou
their journey, going or coming back, and shall have, thi'ee
days allowed foi- their return."
" xvii. That if any persofns toncerned iu any of these
articles; shall violate ariy part of them, such persons "shair
lose tbe benefit of the Said articles," ! ''
" XVIII. That upon signing of th® articles, siiffieient'
hostages (soeh as shall be apprioved of) be given-ferfthe^pet*-
forinance of the said articles," '
, ^;?; Signed, by us the Gommissioners Appointed on *be be
half pf the Right Hon. Lord Bjiowi, ¦- ; '¦ '¦"

EDMUND VERNEy
JOHN itOBINSON
TJSftr CHOLMONDELEY
PETER GRIfFnCH
HENRY LEXGU
THOMAS tHROPP

CH'RlSlPiOPHEU fi!LEA«E
¦WIIiLM-M-INCE JOHN- WERDEN -
JOHN JOHNSON
EDMUND MORETON
THOMAS BRIDGE

What is done by tbe Cotpmissjqners, is confirmed! by
J, BYRON.v
Pursuant to this, tbe brave and loyal city of Chester,
-wbicjhi bad heldmrt twenty wieefes beyond expectation, beirig
nov.' swbdued by famioe oinly;- was upon the third day of
February, 164 6, sumendered up te *be Pai'liament foax;es,
wbo iiriraedifatdy took possession oif it, 'ari<l soon aftei- two
thousand arms, and five hundred and twenty head pieces
-were brought into the castle, agreeably to the 14th article
o'f '"thi^ treaty. ' , . . ¦
February 6tb,- l646.^-*Three days- afterwards, orders
<:aine down from the Parliament to regulate the garrison.

6BBON«LaGlCAL REGISTEIt. StS
a'nd :tia; ap'ptfiat Alderwian William EdWards to be Colonel
©ftllie reg;! meat of that cityi ' i
,, », '\.'- ,>¦¦ '¦>' J ' ' ¦ .'¦¦ '¦¦'¦¦' ¦
October 1st, j6-46. — Tbe Pai^liament displaced tbe per
sons hereafter named,' from being Justices of tbe P^ace, Al
dermen, Sheriffs' Peers, and Common Couiicil-meii, by a
"public ordinance \vhicb recited, that these delinquents had
been in arrias, ^ir had otherwise been violent fomenters of
"tho^e unnatural wars against the Parliament, viz. Charles
Walley, Mayor, Nicholas Ince, fesiodte Holme, Francis
Gamull, Sir Robert Brerewood, Thonias Cowjier, Thomas
Thropp, Sir Thomas Smith, Richard Dutton, Robert SpTos-
ton; Alderraeft, and,-Justices of the Peace.-— James Eai'l of
Derby, ^phn- Earl Rivers, Thomas Savage, Rii>bard Bros^.
,ter; A^der)nen,—rHnm)ilirey PhiUips, EdArard Hulton, Tho*
majs Weston, MiGh^fdVVrigbt, Humphrey LlQyd>Ilrchaid
Tayloi", aud Arthus Walley, Sh^ffs' Peei-s, and Commoii
Couacil-niei), Tbe Parliament likewise, by an otdinaric^ of the saine
date, appointed Alderman WiU. Edwards, to be the Mayor
of tbe city of Cbiister, nntil the time of electing a new
Mayor, which should be in the year 1 647. '-The sword
and ntace were restored again to the city ; arid this year the
High Cfoss was' pulled down, and the font taken aWay out
of tlie parish church in Chester,
l64S. In this year a further distress befeU thcjioor city,
in which Aid. Cowjier and some of the , principal citizens
were exceedingly serviceable to the miserable inhabitants ;
for about Midsnnimer the plague br6ke out iti Chester, which
i-aged so violently, that upwards of two thousand persons
died -of it, and the city becatne so deserted, tbat grass greW
ill the streets at the High Crosj^,

316 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.
In August, 1648, a design, was set on foot for seizing tbe
garrison and city for tbe use of the-King, but the scheme
was discovered,, and Captaiu OldUara and Lieutenant A sh-
¦ ,' I' ' ¦} ' ';.il , - ; ' -' ;
ton, were shot to deatb^in the. corn-market. Oldham con
fessed tbat a disappointriient of some military preferment
first drew bim into the thing, and cleared the principal citi
zens, who had been suspected,, from being any ways coil-
cerned in the matter ; Mouldsworth, Baker, and other prin
cipal coritrivers of this busiuess, as they were prisoners of
war, referred to the General.
The city of Chester suffered grfeatly by the siege in 1643,
and many considerable buildings in and near the suburbs
were burnt' or demolished ; some few hy the enemy, but
most hythe garrison, to prevent tbem being a shelter to the
besiegers ; a short account of these demolitions, is as fol
lows : — The- chapel in Spital -Boughton, with all the house*
and out-housings thereabouts, all tbe mansion-houses and
other edifices near the Bars; many dweUing-houses in the
Foregate-street, Cow-lane, and abqut St. Joha!s church
and the lanes adjacent. .The Further Northgate-street,
^itb aU its lanes and the Chapel of Little St. John were
burnt down to the ground,;, from Dee-bridge, tbe sub
urbs qf Handbridge, with the lanes, barns, and. buildings
thereunto adjoining, were all pulled. down. The wet glo-
¦ver's work-houses under the waUs, near the bridge, were all
dfenaolished ; as were likewise tbe following HaUs and Man
sion Houses in and near the city : —
Brewers Hall, over the water, facing the Watergate ;¦
Bach HaU, belonging, to Mi-. Whitby; Blacon Hall, witb
tbe dairy-bouse, Sir Randle Crewe's ; Overleigh HaU, near
Handbridge, belonging to Mi-. Ellis; Nun's Hall, Sii- Wil-

cHRONOLOGICil, REGISTER. 317
liam Brerijton's } Dutton Hall, Northgate-street, Mr, Jol
ly's; Flookersbrook Hall,- Mr. Thoraas Smith's; Hoole
Hall, belonging to Mr. Buribury';' Bretton Hall, Mr. Ra-
venscrpft's; the HaU in St, John's Church-yard, Lord
Chplmpnd^ley's ; Mr. WiUiam GamuU's house at the New
gate ; Ml', John Werden's bouse neaf- the same ; St, .Tohn's
Church suffered much ; the Cathedral, Chapter -house, and
Glpistei's were greatly damaged, most of the leail being
stripped av^ay from the roofsi ,
The city laiids were all mortgaged, the funds quite ex
hausted, and the plate melted down; so that 'the 'damage
sustained by demolition is adjudged to the full sum of two
hundred thousand pounds. '- -' ':¦
1657, During the government of tbe Puritans, aU shows
aind pageants were suspended, and the -giants and hobby
horses of Chester all fell a prey to the worms and moths,
Jn this year it was determined to revive'" the ancient.and
laudable custom of the Midsummer Show, by the late ob-
structivBr times much injured ;" an estimate was accordingly
made of the expense, qf which a copy is ' here subjoined;,
from the Harl. MSS. in tbe British Museum : —
" Estimate of new-making the city mount, called tbe Mayor's
Mount, as ancieutly it -was, and for hiring of bayes for the same
and meo to c^r,r-y it  •  ¦  '  3/. 6j. Srf..
For making a-new thc marchanl mouut; as auntiently it was,
with a ship to turiie, hyriug of bayes, and five mea to car
ry it  •   it, — —
" For finding all the materials, with the Workmanship of the
four great giants, all to be -made new, as neer as may be, like as
as they were before, at 5/, a giant, tlie least that can be,
inall   201. — —
For fqur men tn carry them .•••••  -20i, —
For making a-iiew the elephant and castell, and Cupitt to look
out of it, and two men to carry it  ¦ • • - 56j, Sd.

318 CHBONOMJGICAl REGISTER.
For making a-uew tlie four, beasts fdr tbe leave-lookers, called
the^ iinicam, the antclol), the flower de luce,- atid the camell, at
33*, .4rf, a-piep«:  ,„.^,...,.  6/. 13*. 4x1.
S'oreight men taearry them--.,--'-«---r-----' — 16j, —
For four hobby-horses, at 6s. Sd. a-piece, and
ifour boys to carry them  26*. 8rf.
-For two hance-staves, (band-staves probably) for the hoys tbat
ride forthe Sherififs  .6*. 8d,
For six garlands for Mr. Maiors lialberts,. ^s. and id! a-peece,.
-aod for Mr, Sheritf's at aOrf. a-peece.. i' ¦ '
For balls, far the Maior and Sheriffs harches- v f— 10«. —
For the making new the dragon 5s., and for six
naked boys to beat at it  — 6$. —
For the morris dances, and tabrett, and pipe- • • • 20s. — "
The whole expence amounted lo 43/. 9s. 8rf., part of which
was paid by the mayor, part by the sheriffij,. and part by the leave--
lookers. l66l. There was no Michaelmas Fail in consequence of
the plague.
16S6, It was ordered, that all who were of tbe Common-
council, of what company soever they i were, should accom
pany the Leave-lookers frora the Bars, all the time of the^
show, according to an ancient custom-, upon pain of forfeit
ing lOs. a piece, and tbat all others who were members of
any company should attend their company decently, upori;
pain of forfeiting Ss. a piece.
1670, It was ordered, tbat thesbow usually held at Mid
summer, should be observed on Whit Tuesday, (as the most
conveiiient time) and that any person making default, with
out a reasonable exciise to. be aUowed by the Mayor, should
pay 5s. and that every company failing to put forth, tbeir
boy and horse, should pay 5l. to the city.
167&. The ancient shows were finally abolished by an,
order of the Corpoa-atisn.

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 319
1682, September gth.— The Duke of Monmouth, with a
•tl'afn of a hundred horse, arrived iti Chester; the citizens
¦Went out to meet and wblcome hini, salilting him witb lotid
acdamatiofns of "Grid save the Protestant Duke."' On
entering thfe city hi alighted at the Maybr's house, where
Ire Was received by bis Worship, and the Recorder, l^r, Wil
liams, tlie Speaker of the' HouSe of* Coraraons. At night
his Grace supped at the Feathers Inn -, tbe streets were
¦iUurainated . with flambeaux, bonfires, &c, 'The; next day
being Sunday, the Mayor and Corporation attended the
Duke to Church, tbe Mayor and Sword-bearer walking im-
mediaftely befwfe him. The Rev.: Dr. Fogg preached the
seroion, Wbiebniucb galled, the Duke's enemies,. tbe Papists,
non-jurors, &c. and they repotted-he did not pray for tha
Queen. His Grace was escorted back to the Feathers by
th'e Corp'oration arid again conducted to the Cathedral in
the evening. He theii went to the Mayor's housfe, attended
by so great a cro'wd as almost to rentier the, strpe^ts iippa^a-
ble. Th.e Mayoress having, been lat^^ly.hroughjt to bed, the,
chU(^ was that^ evening ,chrjste.i?ed Henrietta, his Grace be
ing the Godfather^ On the Monday, the Duke, followed by
a -numerous suite of gentry, went to Wallasey Races, where
he was received with every testimo'riy of joy"; he t'beiie rode
his own horse, won tbe plate, and presented it to his new
God-daughter the same evening: Next day his Grace went'
to Rock Savage, on tbe I4th to Dunham Massey, and from
thence, by Trentham and Newcastle, to Stafford, where he
Was taken into custody by a special warrant from the King.
1691, June 8tb, Whit Monday being a general day of re-
¦ creation, eleven young women were in a boat rowed by two
.watermen, upon the river just under St, John's Chur-dh ;

320 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.
one of tbe watermen threw an apple -among them, which
they meaning to scramble for, and jusbing to one side, of
the boat, overset -it, by which accident ten of thenij were
drowned. The two >vatermen swam.to shore, vf hen Phoebe
Jones catching hold of the leg qf one of them, held so fast
that he drew -her after him to the bank side, jbut in the ac
tion of swimming, hehad with the heel of his, shoe beat out
all ber front teeth. ,, : , i i- -
3720, Part of the Roodeye Cop being washed down was
'rebuilt and faced witb stone.
I' '. ' ¦ ¦ 1 ' i, , ,
1 737/ 'A ])rivate soldier -received gOO lashes, and was
druriimed out of his regiment witb a rope about his neckj
having been found guilty of being aPapist. '
1733, The first sqd of tjbe );ie}v ,c;l^atin|el o^.the.^-iver Dee,;
was taken up by R^. MaBlej|, Esq. April 20th, - , ih
1739, The Mayor Was this year refused admittaftce into
the Abbey-court, by Bishop Peploe, wheri proclaiiriing war
agairist Spain' ; whereupon he ordered -the Abbey-gates tb be
bi'oke dowri, ' , - -
1747/ On Tuesday Feb. 2, the House of Commons de
termined, by a majority of 14 1 tq 92 votes, " Th^t the right
of election qf citizens to serve in Parliaraent for the city o-f-
Chester, is in the Mayor,, Aldermen, and Coromon-cOuncil
ofthe said city, and in such freemen of the said city, not re
ceiving alms, as shall have -been commorant wi^in the said
city, or tbe liberties thereof, for tbe space of one whole
year next before the election (rf the citizens to serve .in
Parliament," , 3.754, The Mayor, Dr. Cowper, this year suppressed the

CHSONOLOGUAIl REOISTEB.

liTetiisoa' Feast's of tlie Corporation. At one of these feasts
-not less than foi?ty-tw«) liauocbcis of venisoii woi-e served' up.
1763, Mary Heald 'burned at Boughton, for poisoning
•lier husband'.
,J7'68, Three men wjere hanged .this yeav for.house-br?ak-
ipg. After being turn.ed, oflf, on? of tbe unhappy men fel),
¦when pulling up his cap and loqkiiig sit hi.s feUows, he ex-
¦elaimed " My God, what am I io suffer ?"
 The Race Ground enlarged, and tvrp stone chaii-f
erected, 1771, This city was iUuminated jn consequence of the
parsing of an Act for makiijg a canal to Nantwich, The
first sod was put on the 4th of May,
1772, A horrid explosion on tbe anniversary of 'Gimpow-
der Plot, by which a puppet sbewmaa and L40 people.werc
blpwp up,— (Vid p, 103 .)
1^75, Chester Chronicle established, Tuesday May 3d,
'by Ppole, Rarker & Co.
— -— A gang of coiners discovered in Further Noi-tfe-
.gate-stceet.  July 3 1, Benjamin Catherall, and Moses Dod, fouHitl
dead on the river-bank, and supposed to have been mur
dered. 17.76, Last year, at tbe several churches in the city, tbere
-were married l65. Christened 453, Died 444 ; decrease of
burials fnom last year 106.
-r— ^ Day of pubUshing the " Chronicle'; altered from
Tuesday to Thursday.
Oo

SaZ. CHBOliOLOGICAX REGISTER. >
 The coramunication.hetwmitbe canal andthe fiver,
near the Water Tower, -.opened' on Sept. 4tb, and theifirst
barge passed Dec. 11.
¦ - I ¦,-'. ] '¦,' ;.-; .'; i" .'Vl.!-' ¦ - :<:l- , ' -' » •
 Christopher Lawless, Isaac Hutcbinsori, .Alexsinder
Solomon, and Joseph Isaac, (the three last Jews.) were ex
ecuted for a'biirglary in the shop of Mr. Pembertoii, ori the
^Ist Sept. — Tbey were afterwards buried behind, the Eood-
eye-cop, opposite Overlegb,
1777> Last year, in the city there were Married 136,
Christened 448, Buried 324,
 Samuel Thornley, a butcher, fron) Congletqn, was
banged and gib'beted this year, for the murder of a young
wo'man, a ballad singer. The .niotiye tbat influenced thi*
wretch was simply avarice, as it appeared in evidence he
had cut up the body after the mariner of jpork, and had ac-
iuaUy made use of some part of it for food ! ' .. , ,
1778, Last year there were Married 155, Christened 469,
Buried 437.
 The Huntsman of the Chester Harriers, for a wa-
^er, rode his horse round the walls in,nine<minutes and a
balf, leaping two turn-stiles in tbe circuit. ,-1
J 779, Two Roman Hypocausts discovered in the Linen
Hall-field, about three feet under ground;; also a coin of
Dioclesian at tbe same time. This year a gold coin ofNero
was found in digging a foundation in Foregate^treet.
1730, Last year there ; were M^ried 147, ^Christened
-424, Buried 438. .i, ¦
' — — — The city iUiiminated Febi 13tb, in cdfiseqnence of

.R-odney's victory.

CBRONOLOGICAL- BEOISTER, 323
1782, Last year there were Married Iff*, Christened 4'26,
jBuried.348. 1783, Last year there were IMarried l60. Christened 406,
Buried 355. ' ' , :- ; : i ; - - - -
 A Festival of Music, in September.
• 1794, May 13th, John Oakes- executed at Boiigbton, for
coining.  Mr. Cooke first appeared at the Chester Theatre in

the character of Hamlet, Nov. 8Xh.r-He was described as
*' A young gentlemen, bis second appearance on the stage."
1785, Mr. French ascended in Lunardi's Balloon frpm
tbe Castle-yard, Sept. 1st, about 4 p. m, and descended at
Macclesfield at 6 p. m.
Mr. Baldwin ascended in his Balloon from the Castle-
yard, Sept. 7th,, and descended near Warrington,
1786, Last year there were Married 178, Christened 427,
buried 4S5.
 Peter Steers executed for poisoning his wife,
 A Festival of Music in tbe Cathedral, and the or
chestra, for tbe first time, was erected over the great west
dopr, 1788, Last year were Married 201, Christened 411',
Buried 396,
 - The Old Watergate began to be taken down
July 3d.
. 1789, Last year were Married 279, Christened 458„
Buried 424.

334 CKRONOL-OGICAL RESISTEB..
— fr- A fire at the Pied Bull stables, when the hostler
was burnt to death, from having gone into the loft witha^
lighted candle, it is supposed when drunk. . ,
 City iUummated Marcb 16, for the King's re
covery.

 A mare belonging to Mr. Bodson, harnessed to a-
ti'uck, taking fright, ran away with great fury down Wall's-
lane, and breaking down the railing, leaped over the city
Wall to the Roodeye, witboirc the least injury.
— The Dee Mills destroyed by fire.
1790, Last yeais were Married 224, Christened 443,.
Buried 453;
 John Dean, of Stockport, executed for the murder
of his wife, with a heavy band-brush. It appeared that af
ter completing the work of death, when the body convul-
s-ively moved, he exclaimed " What ! damn thy soul, ar'nt
thou -dead yet." He was afterwards bung in chains at
Stockport. 1791, Last year were Married- 180, Christened 428,
Buried 410.
¦^— A Festival of Music in September;
— >— Three men executed for a burglary, the gaUows be
ing for the fir&t time reraoved to the North-side of the road,
in Boughton.
I7g2, Last year were Married 17 1, Christened 447^.
Buried 411.
— — The cohchmari of Mrs. Cowper, of Overiegb, hav
ing taken the carriage with a pair of horses, to waSb, dowi»

CH1tOI»0I.»GICAL KSetSTBR. 335
to the river, by the toH-ihouse, drove thera out of tlieir
depth, and the tide flowing, the footman and horses Were
drowned, tbe coachman saved himself hy holding fast to the
carriage, i7Q3, The lead coffin of Lord Chancellor iGerrard, who
held the li-ish seals,, and was Recorder and Representative
in Parliament for the city of Chester in othe reign of Eliza
beth, was found near the altar in St. Oswald's Church ; the
body was in perfect pi-eservation, after being interred 213
years. The monument is still entire,
1794, Sir W, W. Wynn's regiment of ancient British
Fencible Cavalry was raised.
— — Mr. Ralph Eddowes embarked for America.
 Oct, 28tb, Lieut, (now Major-General) Glegg ai--
rived at his father's house at Neston, the fam ily being in
mourning for Siis supposed death.
.1795, Not a siingle- prisoner for triail at the Spring As
sizes, 1796, The mail robbed near Dunham on the Hill, Jan.
igth. T. Brown and J. Price executed for the above rob
bery on May 1st.
1797, The colours ofthe Volunteers oosnnianded iy Col.
Bonner, presented by his Lady, June 4tb.
— ¦— The city iUuminated in honor of Duncan's victory.
 The Mayor's Feast, formerly held on the first Sun
day after his election, was abolished by Rowland Jones,
Mayor. 1798, The citylUuminatedOct. 4th, in eonsequenceof
Nelson's Victory of tbe Nile.

326 CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER.
1'799. The ancient British- Fencibles arriyed in Chester
from Irelandi November 7thi
J 800, Wheat at 25s. the bushel, August lst,
1801, May gth. — The execution of Thompson, Morgan;-
and Clare, at Boughton, for tiurglai-ies. When at'the gal
lows, Clare made a spring out of the cart and leaping down
the hill, precipitated himself into the river beneath, whe're
be was drowned. The execution of the other miserable
men was delayed till the body of Clare was found; when it
was hung up with the others.
 Oct. 11, The city iUuminated in consequence of '
the Peace.
1802, Five prisoners broke out of the Castle, March 31..
 April 25th, The Militia disembodied,-
 May 10th, The Volunteers disbanded,
1803, The Militia caUed up, and assembled at the Castle
April 4th,
 — Meeting of the citizens to raise a Volunteer coips,.
July 27th(.
— — Prince WiUiam of Gloucester arrived in Chester
Sept, 1st, — ^The freedom of the city was on the following
day presented to the Prince, On Sunday Sept. 4th, his
Highness inspected the Volunteers on the Roodeye, and ac
companied them to the Cathedral, where the Bishop
preached*.  The officers gazetted Sept. 21st, for the Chester i-e-«-
giment of Volunteers were as foUows : —
LiEUT.-CoLONUL CoMMAKDJiNT. — Koger Barnsfo»t

CHRONOLOGICAL REGISTER. 327
XfiEUT.-CoLONELS.— E. O. Wrench, E. Holt.
- Ma-jors, — J. Wilmot, R, Sweteriham,
Captains, — C. HamUton, J, Fluit,: S, Leeke, H. R.
Hughes, Hon. E, Massey, C, Morrall, P. Humberston, H,
Han'ison, G,, French, W, Massey, R. F. Currie.
Lieutenants. — H. Bowers, J. Cotgreave, T. Cotton,
H. Grey, P. W, Waid, E. Vernon, G, Archer, J. Ward,
¦P. Flenagan, W. SeUer, T. Jenkins, R, Brittain, D. Alder
sey, T, Rathbone, J. Parry, E. Roberts, S. Humphreys, T.
Evans, J. tJooper, T. Poole, T. Smith, T. Francis, W.
Howard, W. Cole, J. Monk.
Ensigns. — S. Davies, J.Finchett, J. Moulson, G.Bailey,
to. F. Jones, W, Bage, P. Stanford, Wi Shaw, T. Crane.
Chaplain,— Rev. P. Ward, D. D.
Pay Mastek. — T, Edwards. i
Surgeon, — ^W. Wynne.
.Adjutant. — W. M. Henderson.
'"Quarter Master. — R. Bowers.
' ' AKTILLERY COMPANY.
Captain.-^T. Dixon. Lieutenants— J. Lloyd, W.
-Cm-tney, T. Atkinson.
— ^ Dec 6th, The Volunteers received their cloatbing.
1804, The Volunteers inspected by Colonel Cuyler, Feb:
7th. They niustered 1.266 rank and file.
 March igtb. The colours were presented tothe
Vohmteers by Col, Barn&ton's Lady, in the area before his

328 CSIIONOL»«IO.*Jb RK«»»T«B.
house in.FQregate>-jsti!eet';.iiaif tfer the ceremonyi the -raiment
marched to the Cathedral, where tl''^ colours, jvere conse
crated. From church, the corps proceeded about a mile on
the W)-exham-ro8id> to escort into the city two new beau
tiful brass field-pieces, (shoft sixes) cast at Bersliam, The
effect of tbe whole was highly gratilyiDg to »n i|»ii)ens«
concourse of spectators.
— — June 20th, TheW^rr^igiton Valanteers-eame to
Chester on permanent dtrty,
1805, May 15, The Cbfisto.- .Volunteers raarcheii to War
rington for 21 days.
•¦ Nov, 20th, The city Uluminated for Nelson's vic
tory off Trafalgar.
1806, Sept, 14, The King George, Irish packet, lost orf
Hoylake, with 1 70 passengers on board ; only four sailors
and the steward were saved.
— — A Festival of Music in September,
1 807, Five convicts made their escape out of the Castle.
1808, Sept. 27ti, The picture of King Gem-ge III. placed
in the Council-room of the Exchange ; the likeness painted
by Gainsborough, the drapery by Sir Joshua Reynolds,
Given hy Earl Grosvenor.
1809, Jan. 13, The Sugar-house, iri Cuppin's-Iane, com
pletely destroyed by fire!
 Jan. 27, A fire in the Hop-pole-yard, when part of
Mr. Flfetcher's: PiaatM)g-.office was destroyied, and raany
goods consumed.

-ir-r-iin[irin"

CHRONOS-oelc-AI. REGSETER.

February .Oj The Lady WaVbutton of -SgO tons.

launched, from Mr. Goftney's sbfp-building-yard.
' "' 3ipril b, Joseph Lancaster gave a lecture St the
¦Jixc'ha'nge/'it^bti his system of edaeation.
 May 6, G.'Gloverand W. Proudlove w«ere executed
at the }<Jew Drop, for shooting at an excise officer in the
execution of his duty. When the platfoi-m feU, both ropes
Hbroke, and 'thfe mise'rable men, in a state of strangulation,
were precipitated to tbe leads. It was upwai'ds of ahour
^eifore fresh ropes could be procured, and the sfenfence of
"the law completed.
-^  Dot. 2'4, The tearl of Chester launthed fiotn Mr.
Cprtney's y^rd,
leiO, August 22d, The Princte of Orange lii'Chester,
— — Oct. 10, Smith and Clark executed for a bifrglary
iii the shop of Mr, .Fletcher, watch-maker.
<¦ •"" ¦ "Nov. gth. The officers of the Local Militia pre
sented to *Colonel Barnston, a beautiful Silver Vase, valiie
1-50 guineas, and capable of containing about two gallons,
iSll, Last year there were Married'256,-Christened 437,
Juried 507.
1812, Last year -were iMarried 289, Christened 550,
IBuried 424,
 Blay 6fb, A strong detachment of the Chester re-
gitnent of Local Militia, ¦with their Rifle and Artillery com^
panies. With field pieces, and a large supply of ammunition,
-marched to quell the riots in and about Stockport.
 May 16, Part of the Local Militia assembled on
permanent ddty in the city, during the trials of the rioter^
^ly special commission.
Pp

333; CHRONOLOalCAL REGISTER.
—  August 14th, John Lomas and Edith Morrey, from
Hankelow, tried and found guilty of the murder ofber husi-
band, under circumstances of pecuUar barbarity ; isbe plead
ing pregnancy, hei- sentence was respited .; he was hanged
ou the 21st.
1813, The anniversary -of Lord Belgrave's -birthvday
wbicb was on Jan, a7,tb, was -celebrated on the 15th of
that month, by a ball and supper at tbe Exchange, at which
250 people attended.
 Jan. 30, The " Chester Herald" Newspaper, in
stituted in 1810, discontinued.
. February, The Bank of Messrs. Roscoe,' Clark & Dixon,
¦was opened iu Chester,
At the Races .this year, -the Palatine and Dee St-akes were
for -the first time ran for.
At the Spring, Assizes this year, the Judges made their
entrance to the Castle through the, great gateway, for the
first time.

 April 23, Execution of Edith Morrey, for -the mur
der of ber husband : tbe jireceding night she slept soundly,
and in tbe morning took ber breakfast. Her heart is now
in the possession of Mr. Titley, surgeon, by whom she was
dissected accordlngto her sentence,
 June, Mr, Webb, the philanthropist, in Chester.
 June 26, Wilkinson, Yarwood, and Burgess, flat-^
men, executed, for a rape on the body of Mary Porter, near
Weston Point, in Jan. last. — A great numberof flatraen at
tended tbem to the Drop, when Wilkinson called out to
tbem, " Never mind my lads ! keep up your spirits — weare
dl of us murdered men. I'm just as happy as if I was go-

CHRONOLOelCAL REGISTER,! 33t
irig' to a play. — 'My handkerchief (the halter) fits me nice
and tigbtl'"'' i . ; i , .
¦ ¦ ' Augiist 26, The Cyi-us,'sfoopof war, launched from
Mr. Cortney's yard. — She measured 107'- feet in the keel,
and is capable of mounting from 28 to 30 guns.,
,  'This year the new. clock was put up in St. Peter's*
steeple; and a new face and movement were adtled to St;
Michael's. 1;-
' — — Aug^ 27", The Clarendon, for tbe West India trade,
about 800 tdns burthen, launched from Mr. Cortiiey's yard.
 In digging a foundation, at the seat of John Cot
greave, Esq. called Netherlegb House, several Roman urns
and lamps were found, as' also a demi- figure, in a sacerdotal
costurae.  Oct. 1. Simeon and WUUam Beston, and Jaraes
Renshaw, executed, for a burglary, af Henbury. They'de-
denie'd their giiilt to the" last moment.
 Nov. 5, Sir W. W. Wynn, being Mayor this year,
gave a splendid feast at the Exchange, to about 200 jier-
sons : amongst the dishes, was a Baron of Beef Weighing
SOOlbs. I '
 Dec. 8, The Levant stoop of war latinched from
Mr. Cortney's-yard.
,  December, Mrs. Jordan performing at the Theatre.
. 1814, March 23, Launch ,Qf. the Mersey, sloop of war,
from Mr. Cortney's yard. •....¦.- ,-;,
 May ig, -The' Ed^n, sloop of war, launched from
Mr.^Cortney's.yard. ¦' ¦
¦•- — •-May'2^, Execution ofWilliam W'ilson, for setting
fire' to a barn, at Tiverton." His conduct was niost 'exti'dbr-

332 caRONOLOGIOAL R&eiSTEK..
dihaEy--^hB entectiaLnis^ loot tfifiilieaJt fear-ej&d'eath, afidjin
his way from the Castle to the City JaU, tbrfe^, piecesof
l^readi ^,t the Beatjle,, phservJng, he, was, very, like Peeping
Tom of Coventry I
 June^ 1 7, Tlie- city itWininated' in commemoration-

of-! the; Beace. In- arranging the: lamps at the Nfe'\v--Ba-Hk,
a coi'uice^pnft fell frora tbe. tbpiof the bijilding,;and falling
on a young woman beneath, caused her death.— On this
opcasion, the principal- tradesmen , ga.ve dipn^r?,. to their
workmen,, and a Regatta tools place on the. Dee^ which, .h-id^
a beautiful effect.— The great bells of the Cathedral were
HUNG for the firsttime the last sixty years,
— ,A horse and cart fell into, the quarry iij. Further
Northgate-street, a depth of sixty-six feet, and sus;taine.(l
no injniry.
, '¦ July. 7. -A grand profession of th,e, CoiporatigBj
Trade- companies. Free ]Nil^5pns,,iFrien.c)ly Societies, &o. to
the Cathedral, being the Day of Thanksgiving for the Peace;
— — — Aqg> 15,Thecitizenspf Chester, anxious- to shew their
admiration Of the: heroic. Gienerals,, Lords Cpmbermere, and
HiUjfor tbeir noble exploits- under the immortal Wellington;
in Portugal, Spain, and, France,, invited them to a grand
dinner this day purposely on their account, They were met
at Overlegh by a procession from the city,^of a committee
bf gentlemen; alltbe incorjiorate companies, clubs, &c. and
an- immense concourse of <dpe(3tatroi--s. "Lord Combeimere
was escorted from Hawardien (coming- out of Wales)' by Sir
8,, R; Glynne's troop of;ligbt horse.under the, eomnwnd- of
Lieut.S. Boydell. At Overlegh the Geneialsascended a triumr.
pbalc^r, ,e]eg.antly de,c,orat^, and .(^tavyn by four. vyblte horses,
with .driversJn scarlet liyerigftj they were theii. ad<lress^;.bj

CHRONIOUOQIICAL ROCeiSTBR. '333
Coi Ba)iiriston,,lni aiHiostd'egiaBti enei'^rti-e; atod appropriate
cp-njipljijJfBitary speeabv tb whichi eacli of the, noble iGene-
rallairetu^ruedi sJiDi't and modest answers ; at the Bridge-gate
they wei-e- received by the Corporation in tlieiii robes, with
the sword and. mace of the citv, the Mayor congratulating
the; Generals- on. tbeir safe return aftei- their glorious career of
victory iq the Peninsula ; ^they were conducted through files
of Uie ^3d reginjent tp the ^Exchange, wheue the freedom of
the city was confeiried ip the u.sua! mannjer, and afterwards
escorted to the Royal Hotel, where a sumptuous dinner had
been prepared^ and tbe liall-room splendidly decorated for
the occasion. A very large and niost respectable comjiaoy
attended, eivery thing was couducted with the iitmost regu-
tai-Tty, and the noble Lords several times'addressed the meet
ing in appropriate speeches, on the healths of themselves and
of 'other members of their family being drank, ' " '
¦ Sept. 21, A respite arrived for George Post, who
¦was convicted on false evidence of a highway robbery. — He
was to have heen hunsr on tbe 24th. — He was indebted for
his life to the indefatigable exertions' of the humane Con
stable of the Castle, Mr. Hudson,
 Sept. 27, Grand Festival of Miisic. Madanie Ca,-
talani and Braham tbe prfncipal singers. — Lords Comber-
mere and HUl amongst the visiters.
 Nov. St. Mary's^C huTch-yard inclosed Titith' iron rails.
1815, The Chester ' Had-rier& re-established this year, by
subscription. , '
 March Sth, The body of'Frances Buller, a respect
able woman, between 6"0 and 70 years of age, from Newton
in the WiUows, was discoveredlying on the river bank, near
theSluice-hQuse,,in.,this city; the, skull was completely frac-

-334 CHRONOIIOGICAL- REGISTER.
tured in severaldirections, the bpries of the nose aiid forehead
beat in, with some incisions, as'if given by a sbaip- instru
ment, skin was also: off her hands-y: and there were other
bruises as if received vin struggling with some one; or ward
ing off, blows. A- very fuU investigation beforetheGoroneir
took place, when tbe jury returned a verdict of " WiLFUi.
MuRDEK, against some person on persons unlmowini"
 Sept.' 23, Mr. Keah first appeared at the Ches
ter Theatre, in the chaiacter'of Richard III. '
,  t)ctol)'pr.33,.The Pi-ine,e1flegent's regiment of Che
shire Yeomanry Cavalry, about 420 strong, and a remarka
ble fine body of 'men, most excellently mounted, under tbe
command, of their Colonel, Sir J. F. Leicester, mar'ched iiitp-
the city on permanent duty..
1816, Last year, at the parish; chnrpbes in the city, there.
were married 362, christened 6o6, hurried 473.
<  March gth. The Very Rev. Robert Hodgson, D.D.:
the new Dean of Chester,, preached for tbe first tirpe at the-
Cathedral tp a. very crpwded congregation, tbe text of his
sermon was trom Galatians ch. v. 22d. and' 23d. v. "But
the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, long suffering,
'GENTLENESS, GOODNESS, FAITH, MEEKNESS,.TBMFEKANCE L"'

-eliisTER, 'PRIMTED BY ' JOHir FLETcnElC

INDEX.
*AOB.
Abbey, remains of  63
Abbots, list of    ,  ..  32to 36
^-J^jns-houses •••••••  •  •>¦.  117 to 120
^ncient GovernmeiJt- • • ¦  ,., . 16-3
Barons of Hugh Lupus- •••¦•-• -7 •-•••  ••• 19 to 29
iBpnevolent Institution • ¦  ,.r... 116
-i^jsliops, list of  .••  31 to 38
^isliopric, when founded  ., 37
3irths in the city  90
Blue Coat Scbool ••••  ]]3
— — Girls Ditto  1.4
Bridge • • • • . .'  141
Bridge-gate  123
Bridget's, or Bride's Church  72
Castle  .".  141 to 148
r. )  . '
Cathedral, endowment of  HO
 , description of  «  59
Census ofthe year 1811  89
Charters, Grants, and Acts of Parliament affecting
thecity ...'.  163to208
<C)hester, origin of  3
Churches decayed • • •  ¦ ¦ • 91
Commercial HaU  160
Custom House  -  •  157
Deans of Chester •"•-  •  52 to 59
Deathsin tiie city  ' ¦•  •  90
Diocesan Schbol  -•••• 116
Dissenters, history of-  -  • 96 to 109
Earls of Chester .¦.'.....  8 to 18
Slastgate  •••  126
Engine House  156
Exchange ¦•"  148
^Harold, tradition of •  • — •  *

ii INDEX. PAGE.
Hugh Lupus takes thocity."" v- •.^.••.••r' ¦¦••¦;•• ¦¦ ®
-«  ^~,  History of  ' 8
Important Events  •  271 to 334
Inlirmary  •  110
Irish Linen Hall  159
JallCity  156
Jdhn's St. Church-'.'  ;..•• 66
'• '• ' ' — Cbajiel  '.'....,  ,.  . 8?
teng's Grammar School  ire
Lilirary City  159
Marti'nV St.' CHiircTi  ......'.  gi
Marriages.in Chester  •  90
Mary'sSt. Church..'  '.'..  ...,..',..,, H
Mayors and Sheriffs  209 to 23$
Michael's St. Church  74
Minor Canons of Catbeclral  64
if ews-room • . • ¦   . 158
Northgate '•  ¦  • 129
*Flave's St. Church ¦ • . •'  ."  77
¦Oswald's St. Church  6$
IPeler's St. Church..--..-..  69
Poor-house  "•  UO
Prebendaries of the Cathedrd  64
Races City  ¦  135
Recor4er5, list ef  ¦ .... 260 to 264
Representatives in Pariiament  267
SoodeyeCross ..'-  137
-Ship-gate  -.  149
Shrine of St. Werburgh -  61
Theatre Royal  • -  - 157
Trinity Church  83
¦Town Clerks  265
Union Hall  159
WallsCity  '..-• 121
Watergate - - • • ¦  •  IZi