Yale University Library fsr M YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY From the Library of President and Mrs. Arthur Twining Hadiey The gift of their children Mrs. Nicholas Mosely Morris Hadiey, '16 Hamilton Hadiey, '19 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Copyright, 1904, by the Review of Reviews Company, New York Theodore Roosevelt in 1904 This portrait, taken in the year of Mr. Roosevelt's election to the Presidency of the United States, is one of his best photographs A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Illustrated by Six Hundred and Thirty Contemporary Cartoons and Many Other Pictures By Albert Shaw New York: The Review of Reviews Company Publishers Copyright, 1910, by THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY Cd3fv 0 506 Copy f PREFACE IT has long been my custom to make note of political cartoons and caricatures in the press of various countries. It requires, perhaps, some understanding of political questions and personages, and some acquaintance with the types and symbols used in caricature, to appreciate altogether the meaning and value of that kind of work. But when one has acquired a certain amount of knowledge and familiarity in this field, he is sure to find the current cartoons very enlightening as well as amusing. The cartoonists, indeed, reflect more faithfully the changing phases of the public mind than do the writers of editorial articles. The political writer must exercise a certain dignity and restraint. But the car toonist is a privileged character, who may tell the plain, homely truth as people see it and feel it, very much as the court jester in olden times was expected to take liberties with those in high places and— under the guise of quip and fling and wit ticism — tell the king a bit of direct and wholesome truth. Thus I have, not hesi tated to make constant use, in reproduced form, of American and foreign cartoons from month to month in the Review of Reviews, not merely because they are di verting, but chiefly because they frequently express so much of fact and sentiment and point of view, in such telling and convincing ways. For a long time there were mechanical difficulties in the way of the large use of illustration in daily newspapers. Pictorial matter of all kinds was chiefly confined to the weekly and monthly illustrated publications. The large and influential use of cartoons was, therefore, confined to a set of weekly periodicals, not very numer ous, that made a specialty of political subjects. Of all these, it is needless to say the most famous has been Punch, of London, In this country Harper's and Leslie's weeklies, followed by Puck and ludge, have been the most famous and influential of the weekly papers making use of cartoons in such a manner as to express and influence political opinion throughout the country. In all the European countries, political cartoons have for many years been used with great effect. In Germany the publishers of papers using cartoons have at times been subjected to a rather severe censorship; but in the main throughout Europe there is permitted an extreme freedom of expression to cartoonists that would not be tolerated in political writers. And there is a fierceness of satire, and a malignancy of attack, in many of these European cartoons that would not accord with the kindlier and more humorous tone of American cartoon work. The very rapid growth, during recent years, of the use of cartoons in the daily newspapers of the United States has been due to the improvement of photo-engrav- vii ing methods which permit the very rapid making of a zinc-etched block in repro duction of a pen drawing. Thus the cartoon as drawn this afternoon in illustration of the latest political incident, may be as readily printed in to-morrow morning's paper as the letter-press itself that reports the news. There are few people who realize the extent to which inventions of this kind are changing the methods and character of the press. It is hardly less remarkable, however, that the use of photo-engraving in news paper offices should have been followed so quickly by the development of a great number of clever American cartoonists. It had seemed at one time that John Ten- niel, afterwards knighted in recognition of the importance of his cartoon work in Punch, could have no successor worthy ofthe name. But Punch keeps its hold, and England has several very clever political cartoonists at this moment. And it had seemed at one time that the political cartoon could have no future in America, after. Nast and his two or three contemporaries. But then came the school of Keppler and Gillam, whose marvelous work, printed in colors by lithography, made Puck a power in the land, interpreting — perhaps better than any other newspaper or periodical — the aims and achievements of President Cleveland. It was cartoon ists of this same school and method who, with similar ability, represented the Re publican point of view in the weekly paper called Judge. Then came the rise to influence and power of the cartoonists of the daily press, the foremost of these being the late Charles G. Bush, for several years on the New York Herald and then for many years on the New York World. One is tempted to run over the list of remarkable men who within the past fifteen or twenty years have been drawing cartoons for the American newspapers and periodicals. But this volume — which is chiefly theirs rather than mine — shows well enough my estimate of their wit, their humor, their kindliness, and, above all, their remark able instinct for politics. Their drawing has had to be done under great pressure: and some of the most influential and effective of them all are quite defective when judged from the standpoint of draughtsmanship. But where their drawing is often greatly at fault when compared, for example, with such a piece of work as that of Bernard Partridge of Punch on page 75 of this volume, their cartoons have been redeemed by the skill with which they expressed their ideas. The artists of Punch, drawing perhaps only one finished cartoon a week, have a much better opportunity to do good technical work than the newspaper cartoonists who often draw an effective cartoon each day for weeks together. Of all the political personages who have become familiar in cartoons, no one in recent years has figured as frequently as Mr. Roosevelt. And we have no other public man whose career has been illustrated in contemporary cartoons so con tinuously, or for such a long time. Mr. Nast's cartoons were drawn on the blocks which were laboriously tooled by the wood-engravers. He did not waste much effort on minor personages. And Mr. Nast's tributes to Roosevelt give fine testi mony to the impression the young reformer in the New York Legislature was making upon public opinion in State and nation. vin As our readers will discover, we have been able to find striking cartoons that bear witness, in each successive phase of Roosevelt's career, to the recognition accorded him at the moment as a man of energy and leadership who was taking hold of essential problems rather than giving his energy to lesser things. I be lieve, therefore, that these cartoons, brought together in such a way as to bear upon successive episodes or periods in Mr. Roosevelt's public life, will be found useful as a contribution to the political history of our own time. Very much of the material assembled here is of a nature so ephemeral that its assembling has not been a very easy task. For example, although the Verdict ran its brief but brilliant career of two or three years as recently as 1899-1900, my own office file had disappeared, and it was not easy to obtain access to the copies in which Roosevelt as Governor and Vice-Presidential nominee was so strikingly presented, until Mr. Alfred Henry Lewis, who had been its editor, generously lent his own personal file. Thus thanks are also due to the Columbia College Library, the Astor Library, and to the editors and proprietors of Puck, of Judge, of Harper's Weekly, of Leslie's, of Collier's, and of several other periodicals. I am much in debted also to several members of my own office staff for toilsome search in the files of newspapers. Recognition is due in this place to Mr. William Menkel, of the editorial office of the Review of Reviews, more than to any one else, for co-operation without which the assembling and arrangement of so much pictorial matter would have been very laborious and difficult. There is such a thing as making one cartoon add to the effectiveness of another by the manner of their grouping on the same page. This is also true of the contrasts or the cumulative impressions produced in arrange ment of facing pages. To Mr. Menkel I am much indebted for help in all this, — which, if it may seem easy in the result, was more difficult than anything else in the actual doing. I have tried to make the simple text of this volume a clear and honest interpre tation of what Mr. Roosevelt has tried to do as a public man, and the spirit he has shown throughout his career. I have had some advantages of intimate knowledge of most of the period I present in these cursory pages ; and this has included ac quaintance not only with the hero of the play but with most of the other people who have been prominently associated with him upon our political stage. I hope, therefore, that the collection of cartoons and other pictures, with the thread of text that binds them together, may find some modest place with the materials that a historian like Mr. James Ford Rhodes, for example, would some day like to use as helping him to throw into true historical perspective the political period in which Mr. Roosevelt has been so notable and dominant a figure. ALBERT SHAW. NEW YORK, August 22, 1910. CONTENTS Chapter Page I. — His First Political Experiences I II. — The Crisis of 1884 7 III.— The Mayoralty Fight of 1886 14 IV. — A Brief Period of Private Life 17 V. — Battling with the Spoils System 23 VI. — Reforming New York's Police Work 31 VII. — Preparing the Navy for War 35 VIII.— The Rough Rider of 1898 39 IX. — As Candidate for Governor 43 X. — In the Gubernatorial Chair 48 XI. — Named for the Vice-Presidency 55 XII. — His First National Stumping Tour 64 XIII. — A Half- Year as Vice-President 70 XIV. — Assuming the Presidency 74 XV. — Asserting the Monroe Doctrine 83 XVI. — Panama, — A New Sister Republic 91 XVII. — The Unanimous Endorsement of His Party 95 XVIII. — The Roosevelt-Parker Campaign 103 XIX. — As Peace-Maker and World-Figure 115 XX.— The "Big Stick" at Home and Abroad 131 XXI. — Some Activities of a Versatile President 146 XXII. — Refusing a Third Term - 162 XXIII. — Helping to Choose His Successor 169 • XXIV. — Last Phases of the Administration 179 XXV.— Stepping Out of the White House 189 XXVI. — The Faunal Naturalist in Africa 194 XXVII. — Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 203 XXVIII. — His Home-Coming and Welcome 225 XXIX. — An Ex-President in His Active Retirement 239 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career CHAPTER I His First Political Experiences IT so happened that Theodore Roosevelt became a national figure at the very beginning of his public car.eer. His name was printed in newspapers from one ocean to the other, his portrait duly appeared in the illustrated press, and he was conspicuous enough to be caricatured by political cartoonists in the days when it was not customary for the wood en gravers to carve the lineaments of any except those who, for good or for ill, were among the eminent personages of the hour. There might be some difference of opinion about the quality of Mr. Roosevelt's mental endowments ; but there could never be any difference about his courage, his single-hearted ness, his concentration upon the thing in hand, and the clear, strong, stubborn will power to do his best under any given circumstances, and to see in any piece of work, whether public or private, quite sufficient opportunity to justify his best endeavor. Doubtless some conditions, not of his own choosing or making, have aided Mr. Roose velt in the successive onward steps of his public career. But when one studies the case thoroughly, one must admit that Mr. Roosevelt has made his own way by his own efforts, just as truly as did Mr. Lincoln, or any other man of distinction in our history. The city boy, brought up in affluent circumstances, who scorns ease, deliberately chooses a life of work and of usefulness, and never for a moment doubts the value of his ideals, deserves just as much credit as the country boy who pores over his few treasured books by the dim evening light in his log cabin. Thus far in our history it has not made very much difference. Most American boys have had a fairly good chance to improve their own positions, and to be of use to their fel low men, if only they were endowed with will, energy, some gift of moral power, and some little kindling touch of imagination. As a boy, Theodore Roosevelt was rather sickly than strong, and he gave few signs pointing to a very exceptional future. But he was plucky and persevering. He became strong by degrees through physical exercise, and through a gradual acquirement of the art of living in such a way as to be hardy and well. He graduated at Harvard in 1880, and was twenty-two years old October 2J of that year, having been born in 1858. His father, also named Theodore Roosevelt, was a man of business and affairs in New York City. He was prominent in all that made for the best interests of New York, at one time mayor of the city, sound in his principles, wise and devoted as a father. He died a A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career year or two before his son and namesake finished the Harvard course. The family had lived in and about New York City for more than two hundred and fifty years. During the college period, Theodore Roosevelt was a diligent student, devoting him self especially to out-door science, American history, and literary studies. He was active in almost every form of exercise and sport, and took creditable rank in everything, although he was never a champion athlete. He learned to ride well, and played polo., He learned to shoot, and made the most of his vacations. He was fond of animal life and nature, and cultivated that habit of close observation which has made him a naturalist and has added so much to his happiness in life. He took to the water, with Long Island Sound offering ready access ; and his appetite for the study of American naval history was whetted by some practical knowledge of boats and seamanship. Thus, soon after leaving college, he wrote and published his first book, on the " Naval War of 1812 " ; and the greatness of the American navy to-day is largely due to such ex periences and studies as produced that excellent volume. After leaving college, Mr. Roosevelt spent about a year in further study and foreign travel. It was characteristic of him that in that year he did some difficult mountain climbing and qualified himself for membership in the famous Alpine Club of London, his sponsors being Mr. Bryce and Mr. Buxton, whose careers have been so distinguished and useful, and who have been Mr. Roosevelt's life-long friends. His year of travel and study ended, Mr. Roosevelt settled down in his native city, determined to be a good citizen and to do with his might whatsoever his hand found to do. In his private capacity, he was read ing law, with a view to taking up a pro fession that he has never yet found an opportunity to practise. He was also studying American history and beginning to write his books. On the public side of his life, he was trying to find out how we were really governed in the city and State of New York. He proposed to take a citizen's part in the governing business, and he set out to acquaint himself with the practical as well as the theoretical mechanism of politics and government. He soon discov ered that he must join a political organi zation, attend the primaries, and do his part at the local political headquarters. He studied his own voting precinct, his municipal ward, and his assembly district. He found himself a Republican by inherit ance and tradition, and by his own study of the course of the country's political his tory. He attached himself, therefore, to the Republican organization of his dis trict, and insisted upon taking his place as an active worker. He was not taken seriously at first by the workers and heelers in the old Jake THEODORE ROOSEVELT (As a student at Harvard) His First Political Experiences "EXCELSIOR!" (the motto of New York State.) (A later cartoon emblematic of Mr. Roosevelt's career.) Prom the Inquirer (Philadelphia) Hess district; but it was not many weeks before his positive and serious qualities were apparent to everybody. There was dissatisfaction with the district's leadership, and with its member of the legislature. Young Roosevelt was ready for the fight, secured the nomi nation, and was elected a member of the law-making body of the State. This was in the fall of 1881 ; and he served in the legislature during the sessions of 1882, 1883, and 1884. There were in the United States several thousand members of State legislatures at that time, many of whom must have had ability, -and not a few of whom were laying foundations for future eminence. But among all those thousands, young Roosevelt at that time took positions which gave him an immediate recognition throughout the country. He had a way of finding what were the great issues and driving straight at them, with no thought of waiting for more experience, or of deferring to older men. It was not vanity or egotism that impelled him, but earnestness and his great, life-long talent for decision and action. He was, of course, fortunate in the stage that was set for the part he had to play. New York State was the foremost of our commonwealths, and New York City was our chief metropolis. Reforms in the administration of his State and city were sure to be noted throughout the land. He saw dawning upon the horizon of practical politics two essential reforms. One was the movement to substitute for the old spoils system in nation, State and city, a busi ness-like civil service, based upon merit and efficiency regardless of party. The other was the improvement of the methods and character of our municipal government, in view of the rapid growth of town life. He studied the civil-service question, and identified him self with the national and State civil-service reform associations. A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THEODORE ROOSEVELT (From a photograph taken while a member of the New York Legislature.) The Hon. Carl Schurz, serving as Sec retary of the Interior from 1877 to 1881, was promoting the movement at Washing ton ; George William Curtis was at its head in New York; leading Massachusetts' men were identified with it, and Theodore Roose velt at once took his place with these men. He wrote the civil-service law for the State of New York, and secured its passage. This was a great achievement, because the spoils system was firmly intrenched. He secured a legislative investigation of New York City government, and headed the committee of inquiry. . He secured the passage of a law increasing the authority of the mayor, and in various other ways im proved the city charter, while reforming abuses in many offices. Grover Cleveland, who had been a reform mayor of the city of Buffalo, was elected governor in 1882, and although he was a Democrat, while Roosevelt was a Repub lican, there was co-operation between the two men in the work of purifying politics and administration in the State and its cities and counties. The position that young Roosevelt then occupied in the public eye is admirably shown in a cartoon drawn by Nast in the spring of 1884, in which Governor Cleveland and Theodore Roosevelt are represented as working out reforms for New York that would prevent such disorder and bloodshed as had at that time occurred in the city of Cin cinnati. It is a felicitous thing that this first important cartoon in which the face of Roose velt appears should associate him with Mr. Cleveland. Each man was destined to become President of the United States. They were friends to the day of Mr. Cleveland's death. So vigorous was Mr. Roosevelt's work in the legislatures of 1882 and 1883, that he was prominently mentioned for the Speakership of the Assembly that convened in Jan uary, 1884. His work in that session was so noteworthy that it made him famous throughout the country, and he would have remained a prominent and respected leader in public affairs even if he had never held an other office. THE SEAL OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK From the World (New York, 1906) His First Political Experiences REFORM WITHOUT BLOODSHED (Governor Cleveland and Theodore Roosevelt at their good work.) From Harper's Weekly, April 19, 1884 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career OUR NEW WATCHMAN— ROOSEVELT (Our political boss and henchman must go.) From Harper's Weekly, May 10, 1884 Young men of like views and aspirations in other States all the way to the Pacific took note of this courageous young leader in New York, and felt «that they might some day bring him forward as their candidate for the Presidency. His Dakota ranch and his studies of Western history and pioneer life were already becoming a factor in his larger reputation. What proved to be the turning point in his political career lay just ahead of him, although it could not be clearly foreseen. CHAPTER II The Crisis of 1884 MR. ROOSEVELT was made one of the four delegates-at-large from New York to the national Republican convention of 1884, and was chosen as chairman of the State delegation. This was a very unusual honor for so young a man, and is an evidence of the influential rank he had already attained. James A. Garfield had been elected President in 1880, but his assassination had placed the Vice-President, Mr. Ar thur, of New York, in the White House. The idol of the Republican masses of the Mid dle West was the Speaker of the House, Mr. James G. Blaine, of Maine. President Ar thur was a candidate for renomination, and many of the anti-Blaine men rallied about him. He belonged to the " Stalwart " faction of the party in New York, of which Sena tor Conkling was the mentor, while Mr. Blaine was the inspiration of the so-called " Half- breeds " of the Empire State. Roosevelt was not in alliance with either faction ; and he strongly hoped, with many of the reformers and conservative men of the day, that it might be possible to secure the nomination as a compromise candidate of Senator Edmunds, of Vermont, then the strong est and most respected figure in the United States Senate. Popular sentiment triumphed, and Mr. Blaine was nominated. The re formers admitted Mr. Blaine's bril liancy as a party leader, but distrusted his judgment and his character. Until that time, Carl Schurz, George Wil liam Curtis, Henry Ward Beecher, and many other prominent reformers had been acknowledged leaders of the Re publican party. Curtis and Schurz had been great figures in Republican conventions. They were deeply dis affected by the nomination of Blaine and went home in silence, waiting to see what the Democrats would, do. Mr. Roosevelt, meanwhile, went out to his Dakota ranch, primarily to attend to his cattle business, but also to think over the political situation. The Democrats had the wisdom to nominate Governor Cleveland, of New- York, and the disaffected Republicans, led by Schurz and Curtis, organized the so-called "Independent" or "Mug- j j -j j +„ THE NEW VOYAGE BEGUN wumo movement, and decided to wuinp 111^ v , (An embiematic cart00n of a later period) support Cleveland against Blaine. ,,rom the North American (Pniladelphia) A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ritJttyt-. Copyright, 1884. By permission PHRYNE BEFORE THE CHICAGO Aedent Advocate : " Now, gentlemen, don't make any mistake in Mr. Whitelaw Reid, of the New York Tribune, is presenting James G. Blaine to the Republican convention of 1 figure from the reader's right. On Mr. Roosevelt's left, in their order, appear Carl Schurz, Senator Evarts next to Sherman is John A. Logan, with his black hair and heavy mustache. Other notable delegates a« The Crisis of 1884 rktTH APOfeqPIES TO J,bvfiE.RorVE. *.-:<«*«¦.¦¦¦¦¦ ;¦¦.¦-,.:¦>¦*¦&¦. ¦¦- - - ¦ [BUNAL. — From Puck, June 4, 1884. "r decision. Here's Purity and Magnetism for you. Can't be beat ! " Chicago. Mr. Roosevelt, as chairman of the powerful New York, delegation, is seen in the front row, the fourth. George William Curtis. Immediately behind Mr. Roosevelt is John Sherman, with the white hair, while tered about in the group. 10 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career LITTLE BO-PEEP, LOST HER SHEEP, AND DIDN'T KNOW WHERE TO FIND THEM: (The " lost sheep " in this cartoon are those Republicans who vigorously opposed Mr. Blaine at the Chicago con of Vermont. After the convention had given its voice for the " Plumed Knight," however, Mr. Roosevelt, instead lican fold and gave his entire support to the party throughout the campaign. See Mr. Roosevelt's statement on I The Crisis of 1884 11 From Judge, June 21, 1884 OH! LET THEM ALONE, AND THEY'LL COME HOME, AND CARRY THEIR TAILS BEHIND THEM. 'of 1884. Prominent among these was Mr. Roosevelt, whose candidate for the nomination was Senator Edmunds, ing the party and joining in the independent movement with Schurz, Curtis, and others, remained in the Repub- ect on page 12.) 12 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THE SIZE OF THE INDEPENDENT ARMY This is the third time they have marched around. There are just about nine of them, not ninety thousand. (It was mistakenly assumed that Roosevelt would join in the movement.) — From Judge, July, 1884. It was believed by the Independents and the Democrats that Roosevelt would also support Cleveland ; and even the Blaine Republicans had little hope of holding him with in party lines. But after a brief interval, Mr. Roosevelt came out with a public state ment so characteristic of him that it ought to be quoted in this record. It was as follows : "I intend to vote the Republican Presidential ticket. A man cannot act both without and within the party; he can do either, but he cannot possibly do both. Each course has its advantages, and each has its disadvantages, and one cannot take the advantages or the disadvantages separately. I went in with my eyes open to do what I could within the party ; I did my best and got beaten, and I propose to stand by the re sult. It is impossible to combine the functions of a guerrilla chief with those of a colonel in the regular army; one has greater independence of action, the other is able to make what action he does take vastly more effective. In certain contingencies, the one can do the most good ; in certain contingencies, the other ; but there is no use in accepting a commission and then trying to play the game out on a lone hand. During the entire canvass for the nomination Mr. Blaine received but two checks. I had a hand in both, and I could have had a hand in neither had not those Republicans who elected me the head of the New York State delegation supposed that I would in good faith support the man who was fairly made the Repub lican nominee. I am, by inheritance and by education, a Republican; whatever good I have been able to accomplish in public life has been accomplished through the Republican party; I have acted with it in the past, and wish to act with it in the future." The Crisis of 1884 13 The cartoons relating to this period that are reproduced herewith indicate how gen eral was the belief that Mr. Roosevelt would abandon his party. Grover Cleveland was his personal friend ; and his views were regarded as more nearly like Roosevelt's than were those of the successful Republican candidate. But Roosevelt believed that his place was with the Republican party, and that in the long run he could be far more useful to the -country as a member of his own political organization than as a critical outsider. Bereavements in his family just at this time lessened his public activity ; but he made some speeches before the campaign was over, and indulged in no bitterness toward those who reproached him for abandoning the leadership of Curtis and Schurz. He had pre dicted, — while the fight was on in the convention and there was some chance to nominate Edmunds, — that Blaine could not be elected. The issue in November was very close ; but the Democrats won and Grover Cleveland was inaugurated as President in March, 1885. Mr. Roosevelt had maintained the party regularity that was a valuable asset in his subsequent political career, while by his position in the convention of 1884 and during the campaign he had firmly established his position as a man of independence and self-direc tion within the party councils. He followed no political boss in the New York organiza tion, and he worshipped at the shrine of no popular idol. He was never wholly forgiven by Mr. Schurz and the leaders of the revolt ; nor, on the other hand, was he ever in full favor with Mr. Blaine and those closest to the ambitions of the so-called " Plumed Knight." But he had worked out a consistent line of action for himself, and on more than one occasion in subsequent years, when there might have seemed some good reason of the moment for acting in opposition, he preferred to stay in the Republican camp, while freely criticising the party's mistakes. THE COWBOY AND THE LOCOMOTIVE (See next chapter.) A very simple little story of the political plains, plainly told. (Roosevelt, as the Republican "cow- hoy" candidate for Mayor of New York, trying to lasso the Democracy, with Abram Hewitt at its head.) From the World (New York), October 31, 1886 CHAPTER III The Mayoralty Fight of 1886 MR. ROOSEVELT had bought his ranch in the " Bad Lands " of Northwest Dakota near the Montana line on the Little Missouri River in the summer of 1883, and had invested a good deal of his patrimony in the cattle business. He had returned to his ranch after the convention of 1884, and was much absorbed in all the phases of frontier life, remaining almost continuously for the following two years. He had published a book on various hunting experiences in 1883. He founded the Boone and Crockett Club, and sought to know by experience as well as by study all those phases of pioneer life that had made the American people what they are. Yet he had by no means severed the ties that bound him to New York. Like the Roosevelts before him, he had grown up at once a townsman of Manhattan and a country man of Long Island. It would not have been like him to transplant himself altogether. He could identify himself with the Dakota pion eer experiences, but it would not have been in keeping with his nature to break the con tinuity of the Roosevelt life in and about the great town that had grown up where the original Roosevelts had settled. Even while he was writing his books on ranch life and the pursuit of large game in the Rockies, and while at work on his chie°f historical production, " The Winning of the West," he also produced a history of the City of New York which was published in 1890. 'He had spent some part of each winter in New York City; and when the municipal re formers brought him out as their candidate for mayor in 1886 he could not refuse. The Republican party promptly made him its candidate. His father had been mayor be fore him, and he himself while in the leg islature had only recently secured charter changes for the metropolis and given great attention to its affairs. Mr. Henry George ,T , K ME' R00SEVELT J " ' (In hunting costume of the early The Mayoralty Fight of 1886 15 Zn0* THE MAYORALTY CONTEST— THEY HAD THEIR LITTLE BOOMS From the New York World, October 17, 1886 who was then at the height of his fame, had come from San Francisco to live in New York; and the labor party, together with the believers in Mr. George's single-tax the ory, made him a candidate for the chief city office. Tammany Hall and the Democratic party nominated an able business man and member of Congress, Mr. Abram S. Hewitt, son-in-law of Peter Cooper. It was a stirring campaign. As election day approached, certain conservative business interests were alarmed lest Henry George should win, and to make sure of his defeat they decided to vote with the Democrats for Mr. Hewitt. The alarm about Mr. George is well expressed in a cartoon from Harper's Weekly that we reproduce. Mr. Roosevelt received more than 60,000 votes; Mr. George more than 68,000, and Mr. Hewitt more 16 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THE RIVAL GUIDES (Roosevelt, Hewitt, and Henry George as mayoralty candidates.) A Worthy Old Gentleman of Manhattan City (Father Knickerbocker), accustomed to take to the woods every other November, was accosted by two experienced guides, each bent on taking him a different path. They were so enthusiastic over their routes that while belaboring one another with arguments, an Incompetent Guide (Henry George) sprang from the brush, and seizing the old gentleman by the throat, attempted to drag him into a very dangerous by-way much frequented by lawless men, when Moral. — There can be no moral to this until the Freebooter is taken from the scene. From Harper's Weekly, October 30, 1886 than 90,000. Xew York at that time was a strong Democratic city, and Mr. Roosevelt's vote, under all the circumstances, was highly creditable. His defeat was not a disappointment. He had sprung unexpectedly into the fore front of political life within a year or two after leaving college, and he needed an interval of private life for further reading and study, the building up of his mental and physical constitution, and the ordering of his personal and private affairs. CHAPTER IV A Brief Period of Private Life THE Western life that Mr. Roosevelt led in the eighties is not likely to be overesti mated by any biographer as a formative influence in shaping his mature character, and as relating itself in many ways to his later career as leader of the nation. Its human contacts were direct, unconventional, and sincere. Mr. Roose velt became hardy by long days in the saddle and the pursuit of game in the fastnesses of the mountains. His graduating theme at Harvard had been in the field of natural history; and the Western life made him a high authority upon the animals of the North American continent. He found time in this period to read standard literature and become saturated with it; and he became firmly grounded in the habit of giving literary expression to his own observations and experiences. The years 1887 and 1888 were de voted to this Western life, to historical study and writing, and to domestic life and the found ing of a home and family. The Roosevelt kith and kin had long been identified with the Oyster Bay neighborhood of Long Island, and it was nat ural and easy for Theodore Roosevelt to settle there and to build on the THEODORE ROOSEVELT AS HE LOOKED IN RANCHING DAYS AemnQlan . " MR. ROOSEVELT'S ELKHORN RANCH BUILDINGS (From a sketch by Remington, courtesy of Century Co.) top of his Sagamore Hill the modest but ample and com fortable home that has since become so famous, and that is pictured (as it then looked) at the end of this chapter. Some years ago, at the re quest of the writer of the 18 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ME. ROOSEVELT'S RANCH ON THE LITTLE MISSOURI, IN THE BAD LANDS A SUCCESSFUL HUNTING TRIP (MR. ROOSEVELT ON THE RIGHT) A Brief Period of Private Life 19 present volume, the late Julian Ralph prepared an admirable character sketch of Theodore Roosevelt. Much of it is in the form of direct statement by Mr. Roosevelt himself. One of the paragraphs sums up, in his own words, Roosevelt's period of life in Dakota. " A man with a horse and a gun is a picture or idea that has always appealed to me," he says. " Mayne Reid's heroes and the life out VVest also al ways appealed to me. I wanted to see the rude, rough, formative life in the Far West before it vanished. I went there just in time. I was in at the killing of the buffalo, in the last big hunt, in 1883, near Pretty Buttes, when the whites and the Sioux from Standing Rock and Pine Ridge were doing the killing. I went West while I was in the Assembly, in the long vacations — went hunting — went to the Bad Lands and shot elk,v,sheep, deer, buf falo, and antelope. I made two hunting trips, and in 1884 I started my cattle ranch. After my terms in the Legislature, and until I was appointed Civil Service Commissioner, I lived most of the time out West in the summers and spent only the winters in New York. L ROOSEVELT AS A "BRONCHO BOSTER" Yor HAY HAKE THE HORSE NERVOUS, BOYS, EOT YOU CAN'T UNSEAT THE RIDER (A typical later cartoon, based upon Mr. Roosevelt's Western life, as a favorite theme. — Judge) never was happier in 1113- life. My house out there is a long low house of hewn logs, which I helped to build myself. It has a broad veranda and rocking chairs and a big fireplace and elk skins and wolf skins scattered about, — on the brink of the Little Missouri, right in a clump ni cotton woods ; and less than three years ago I shot a deer from the veranda. I kept my books there,— such as I wanted, — and did a deal of writing, being the rest of the time out all day in every kind of weather." These sentences, taken together with the pictures with which this brief chapter of our volume is embellished, enable one to understand quite clearly how it came about that the ranching period of his life entered into the very structure of Roose velt's character and mind. And they also explain why in after years his frequent hunting trips were indispensable. The later quest of great game in Africa was in response to that persistent call of outdoor life, and love of wilderness adventure, that has always belonged to Mr. Roosevelt's essential nature. 20 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career tt & O'A S s CO Hi 2 Ph" C o < S C CO O a ET* to ¦ H S O «3O — E» KOECDO A Brief Period of Private Life 21 /tfCtfmn* ONE OF MR. ROOSEVELT'S QUIET DAYS (Three cartoons in this page are from drawings by John T. McCutcheon for the Chicago Tribune. They are of a much later period, but are all illustrative of Roose velt as a hunter in the Northwestern wilderness. See also next page.) "HURRY UP, BOYS, I'VE GOT 'EM TREED! ' THE PRESIDENT HAS BEEN ON THE TRAIL OP A GRIZZLY FOR FOUR DAYS. — [News item.] THE REAL BRONCHO BUSTER Teddy Roosevelt seems to stick pretty tight to his political mount. (Another later cartoon based on a favorite theme.) Prom the Journal (Minneapolis) 22 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career I WISH THE BOYS'D GET UP. HERE I'VE HAD BREAKFAST READY AN HOUR ' COME ON, BOYS ! I'VE GOT 'EM CORNERED ' (These two cartoons belong to the series from which reproductions are made on the previous page. Mr. McCutch eon drew them for the Chicago Tribune when Mr. Roosevelt was taking a Presidential vacation in the Northwest country. Few cartoonists have understood Roosevelt in all his phases as well as Mr. McCutcheon, who has given us some of his best examples in a book called " T. R. in Cartoons," published by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co.. of Chicago.) MR. ROOSEVELT'S HOUSE AT OYSTER BAY (NEW YORK) AS ORIGINALLY BUILT BY HIM THE BRAVE LITTLE GIANT-KILLER Spoils-System: Giant: "Calm yourself, Theodore. If you go too far, you'll find yourself jerked back mighty sudden by President Harrison ! " From Puck. Copyright, 18S9. By permission CHAPTER V Battling with the Spoils System IN the campaign of 1888, the Republicans were victorious. Mr. Cleveland had been re nominated, but was defeated by the Hon. Benjamin Harrison. Mr. Roosevelt had cordially supported the Republican ticket, and his friends thought him highly fitted to be Assistant Secretary of State. In his interval of private life, Mr. Roosevelt had again traveled abroad ; he was intelligently interested in foreign affairs, and he would have been a valuable man in the Secretary of State's office at a time when a number of foreign ques- 24 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career POLITICAL FOOTBALL President Harbison : "What can I do when both parties insist on kicking? From Judge, 1889 (New York) The Mob of Hungry Office- Seekers : " Harrison holds the fort.' Cleveland : " Aha ! Now you know how it is yourself, Ben ! " From Judge, 1889 (New York) Battling With the Spoils System 25 STRAWS THAT BREAK THE CAMEL'S BACK Harbison : " I can make no progress with public business until I get rid of that load of straw." From Judge, April 0, 1889 tions of some moment were pending. But Mr. Blaine, who had been an unsuccessful candidate for the nomination, was made Secretary of State, and he had not forgotten Roosevelt's attitude in the. convention of 1884. Mr. Harrison, therefore, found something else for the energetic young man from New York and Dakota. The new civil-service act was unpopular with the politicians of both parties. Yet every one realized that the spoils system had run its course, and that the great business of public administration had to be put upon some basis of merit, efficiency, and permanence. The enforcement of the act was not popular. No man of great politi cal ambition, or high party standing, desired to be made a civil-service commissioner A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career From Puck. Copyright, 1889. By permission DRAW YOUR 0V» (When Stanley carried the first steamboat up the Congo, the natives ran along the banks, yelling with rap Battling With the Spoils System 27 ONCLUSIONS d striving to check his progress by throwing stones and other missiles. Mr. Stanley got there, just the same.) A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career BOMBARDMENT OF THE WHITE HOUSE BY THE ARMY OF OFFICE SEEKERS From Judge, April 8, 1893 Mr. Harrison, however, offered this seemingly thankless post of difficult service to Theodore Roosevelt, who promptly accepted it. It should be remembered that from the time of James Buchanan to the time of Grover Cleveland, the Demo crats had been out of office. Thus for the twenty-five years from 1861 to 1885 the Republicans had been filling the of fices from top to bottom with their own men. The Democrats were hun gry for their turn, and although Presi dent Cleveland was not in sympathy with the spoils system, he could not re sist the pressure which put scores of thousands of Republican office-holders, great and small, into private life, in order to meet the clamoring of the Democrats for at least half of the sal aried positions of the government. Fur thermore, in the latter half of his term, Mr. Cleveland was a candidate for re nomination ; and he allowed himself to be guided by his political friends and no place like home-fob office seekers supporters, and by the Democratic Na- From the Wasp (San Prancisco)i March 18_ 1893 Battling With the Spoils System 29 tional Committee, in much that had to do with appointments to office. When, therefore, Mr. Harrison was elected in November, 1888, and entered upon his adminis tration in March, 1889, it was natural enough that there should have been a furious onrush of Re publican office-seekers. A large part of these were the indignant people who had been from time to time displaced during the brief four years of Democratic rule. There were three Civil Service Commission ers, and Theodore Roosevelt was chairman of the board. The law did not prevent the dismissal of government employees, but it provided a system under which appointments were to be made upon merit, ascertained in chief part by examinations ; and this system was under the control of the Civil Service Commissioners. The system was ridiculed and assailed. At each session of Con gress there was a formidable attempt to starve out the system by refusing to appropriate the THEODORE ROOSEVELT AS HE LOOKED WHEN REAPPOINTED TO THE CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION IN 1893 ^y? UNCLE SAM'S DISMAL SWAMP (It will have to be drained to get rid of the noxious miasmas that arise from it.) From Puck, November 15, 1893 money necessary for the expenditures of the Civil Service Board. Mr. Harrison was a good President, and instinctively in favor of a business-like public service ; but he belonged to his own period and he was a candidate for a second term. The cabinet officers and the heads of bureaus, in large part, wanted to appoint their subordinates in their own way. They regarded the civil-service restrictions as irksome. Mr. Roosevelt at times stood practically alone, with the politicians and the more partisan newspapers against him. But public opinion would not permit the re peal of the civil-service law, and Roosevelt not only enforced it but secured its gradual extension, so that it applied to an ever-in creasing number of public offices. 30 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Mr. Cleveland and Mr. Harrison were again the opposing candidates in 1892, and the Democrats carried the day. Mr. Cleveland showed his appreciation of the chairman of the Civil Service Board by asking him to remain at his post, and Mr. Roosevelt con sented. Again there was the pandemonium of office-seekers at Washington. The Demo crats insisted that they were entitled to the spoils of their victory. Mr. Cleveland was in a position to stand more firmly than in his first term for the merit system, and he and Roosevelt found themselves working together for efficient and economical administration and against the evils of the spoils system, — just as thev had been working together ten years before in the State of New York. Mr. Roosevelt held this office for six continuous years, from 1889 to 1895. It was a period of patriotic service, with little promise of glory or reward. A man of different physical and nervous organization would have been worn out with the nagging and worry of a place that was involved in sharp, unceasing controversy. But the fights for the law, and against the politicians, did not worry Mr. Roosevelt in the least. He was able to keep it all within office hours, and it was a kind of work that gave him exceptional familiarity with every phase of the administrative system of the United States Government. It gave him, also, a vast acquaintance with the personalities of Congress, and the active men in all branches of the government. Within a little more than six years it was his destiny to become President of the United States ; and few experiences could have fitted him so well for the Presidency as the six years of firm, incessant battling at Wash ington for the systematizing of the government's work in all departments. Copyright by G. G. Bain, N. Y. Avery D. Andrews. Mr. Parker. Mr. Roosevelt. Gen. Fred. D. Grant. THE FOUR MEMBERS OF THE NEW YORK POLICE BOARD IN ROOSEVELT'S TIME (Sec next chapter.) CHAPTER VI Reforming New York's Police Work THERE had been fruitless endeavors for man}' years, to elect a reform mayor and bring new methods and ideas into the mu nicipal administration of New York City. Mr. Roosevelt had always be lieved, and said, that New York af forded a boundless field of useful ness for any man who chose to put his energies into its social or political service. At length, in the fall of 1894, all the anti-Tammany forces of the city had united upon a candidate and had elected as mayor Mr. William L. Strong, a merchant of public spirit and repute. Under the charter then existing, the principal function of the mayor was to select the heads of working de partments. The most difficult department on many ac counts was that of the police. This department was charged with duties far more extensive than the control of some thousands of policemen in their work of maintaining law and order, and of aiding in the prevention and punishment of crime. The Police Department was charged with the en forcement of important laws of the State of New York that had to do with the manners and morals I'uesident Roosevelt, of the New York Police Commissioners, laying down the law : " I would rather see this administration turned out because it enforced the laws than see it succeed by violating them." From the World (New York) AN AWFUL POSSIBILITY UNDER OUR BLUE LAWS AS ROOSEVELT ENFORCES THEM From the World (New York) NO SHOES SHIAIED Per o-J.r 0/ WARlAIC. NO SUAIMY DRINKS frr ord.,.»/'K00S£VELT. NO SUNDAY SODA. fn.r*r./Jl)[ICE«' Father Knickerbocker : " Gracious ! What next ? ' From the Herald (New York) 32 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career COMMISSIONER ROOSEVELT AT HIS DESK IN MULBERRY STREET (POLICE HEADQUARTERS), NEW YORK From a drawing made from life at the time for the Review of Reviews of the people. The Police Department, further, had control over the tenement house conditions, and at that time was even more important than the Health Department in its relations with the sanitary and social welfare of the people. The charter called for a board of four police commissioners, one of whom should be the president of the board. Mayor Strong asked Mr. Roosevelt to return from, Washington to become chairman of the Board of Police Com missioners of his native city. To have enforced the civil-service laws at Washington was, in the estimation of all politicians, to perform a work so unpopular as to destroy a man's chances of future preferment and TAMMAWY - „ HAUL Saj-oom. BISHOP POTTER FOHTf CLERGYMEN WFttREAlf OfJYOMINATJfiVS £ndo«sit R00S&Z.I.T " x x x « X «*ai-i*t« or « *&!«<< CIVILIZATION AND BARBARISM " Whenwe get^ in again we'll keep wide open, and -see!" — From Harper's Weekly. SHUT UP THE CHURCHES- Reforming New York's Police Work 33 public honor. Now he was asked to take upon himself the work of Police Commissioner in New York City, with the intention of enforcing unpopu lar laws of the State, and of breaking up the blackmailing and grafting practices which had for so long a time prevailed in the Police Department — in partnership with the criminal elements on the one hand, and the mercenary politicians and large corporation interests on the other hand. To attack these evils was to attempt a task of Augean stable-cleaning that was more unwelcome and far more contentious and difficult than to be embroiled with the national politicians in attempts to enforce the civil-service law. Mr. Roosevelt did not hesi tate to accept this difficult of fice. The eyes of the country were upon him in his work, just as they had been when at Albany he was dealing with similar questions and problems. All the growing cities of Amer ica were wrestling with the dif ficulties of municipal reform. The police department in most cities seemed to be at the very center of civic misrule and corruption. Mr. Roosevelt's sympathies were with every po liceman who tried to do his duty, and he recognized the fact that the corruption of the police force was due njuch more to the conditions outside than to those inside of the body of policemen. His discipline was severe, but he became popular with the rank and file of the city's uniformed guardians. He had always been an optimist about our city populations. He explored the tene ment houses, and in his brief two years as Police Commissioner he accomplished a great work in the destruction of unsanitary tenements and the improvement of housing con ditions. He knew that most of the plain people were industrious and honest, and that the hordes of immigrants speaking many languages would rapidly become Americanized and make good citizens. He was striving in every way possible to improve their envir onment in order that these people might contribute the more effectively toward the wel fare and progress of the community. A source of great evil and much blackmail had been the old laws of the State re- c A R. R X g5& " THE LAW AND DUTY "— Harper's Weekly, July 17, 1895 (Roosevelt, as the Police Commissioner in New York, enforcing the Sunday closing law against strong opposition.) 34 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career quiring the closing of business places, and particularly of licensed liquor saloons, on Sun day. The Sunday closing law was violated almost universally, but its existence gave opportunity for blackmail that at once corrupted the police force and intensified many other evils. Mr. Roosevelt took the ground that laws must be enforced or changed,. He pressed his point so aggressively that Mayor Strong was alarmed and many good people opposed him. He worked under the further difficulty of a divided police board. But he made a great record that will live in the municipal life of New York. His work, and, that of Colonel Waring as Street Cleaning Commissioner, have re sulted in a stupendous advancement in the comfort, health, and safety of the great popu lation on Manhattan, Island that lives more densely than any other city population in the world. Fortunate progress in many directions has been made in the metropolis since Mayor Strong's administration. But in several of the departments, — notably those having to do with the daily life and comfort of the people, — the advance movement seems to have de rived its great impulse from efforts made at that time with such ardor and intensity by department heads of whom Roosevelt and Waring were conspicuous types. All day at his desk Mr. Roosevelt was the decisive, untiring Commissioner of Police. It is the sort of office that no hesitant, indecisive man should ever try to fill. He was transferring good policemen to difficult precincts, disciplining bad ones, and sequestering indifferent ones to suburban beats. At night, Mr. Roosevelt was shaking up sleeping or loitering patrolmen ; unexpectedly appearing in police stations ; but more especially he was examining the con ditions of the over-crowded tenement houses, in companionship with newspaper-men and reformers like Jacob A. Riis, — in consequence of which reforms of a sweeping nature have followed. MR. ROOSEVELT'S IDEA OF HIS WORK AS A COMMISSIONER I know also the most incredible difficulties with which you have become surrounded. We have greatly im proved the standard of discipline. We have pre served complete order. We have warred against crime and vice more effectively than ever before. (Based on T. R.'s letter of resignation to Mayor Strong.) From the Herald (New York) We have striven to make the police force the terror of the bur glar. CHAPTER VII Preparing the Navy for War MR. ROOSEVELT'S duties as Police Commissioner did not prevent his taking an active part in the Presidential campaign of 1896 between Mr. McKinley and Mr. Bryan. The great issue was that of the monetary standards, and Mr. Roosevelt opposed the Bryan doctrine of the free coinage of silver with an energy that came near leading him to a misunderstanding of the honest mo tives of many Western people whose virtues in a general way he understood so well. Though not a technical po litical economist, or an authority in matters of monetary science and fi nance, Mr. Roosevelt's clear and well- trained mind led him to the firm grasp of sound principles. There was still work for him to do in the fight for municipal reform in New York ; but the national conditions . 'H ' '-^1 Ui l^p li JC mm : HBFc-' •"* ¦ 6/Km-ff^- '& I ¦ ¦¦¦¦ .j- m&UU^B&j^fii i -:-i - - ^^^^Pi^jBBHIWlB ..::!:& MR. ROOSEVELT IN THE NAVY DEPARTMENT A HARD RACE AGAINST TIME From the Herald (New York) drew him again to Washington. Even before Mr. Cleveland went out of office in March, 1897, there was a high and ever-rising tide of American public opinion that demanded our interven tion in Cuba for the sake of ending an intolerable situation. Our commercial relations with Cuba were intimate and important. Spanish administration had been selfish, corrupt, and detrimental to Cuba's welfare. From the time when most of Spanish America had established its indepen dence early in the Nineteenth Century, Cuban revolutions had occurred one after another, only to be suppressed. But in 1895 a Cuban revolt occurred 36 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career 'TEDDY EOOSBTCLT^flNJUty m WAR £m PEMEV that was managed with skill and was prepared for a long strug gle. With Cuba lying so near our coasts, and with a good many American adventurers helping the insurgents, while arms and ammunition were constantly smuggled into Cuba from this country as a base of supplies, the situation between our government and that of Spain had grown very critical, when Mr. McKinley was inaugurated in March, 1897. The Hon. John D. Long, of Massachusetts, was made Sec retary of the Navy, and Mr. Roosevelt, who had felt strongly the necessity of Spanish withdrawal from Cuba, and the im portance of naval preparation on our part, was willing enough to take the post of assistant secretary. The New York politi cal machine stood in the way at first, but Senator Piatt's re- _ luctant consent was given at length, and on April 6 Mr. Roose- . velt was duly appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy. It was understood that in that post he was to be the active executive officer of the department. It must not be forgotten that our navy at that time was low in rank and that European naval authorities considered the Spanish navy stronger in ships, equipment and men than ours. There was real fear lest, if trouble came, Spain's European fleet might attack the Atlantic seaboard, while her Asiatic fleet, with headquarters at Manila, might occupy Honolulu as a re-coaling base and attack San Francisco. W0& Preparing the Navy for War 37 HE HOOLQ ao OUT ALOHS. A,Tei/Gii WITH A> SEARCHLIGHT, MR. ROOSEVELT AS ASSISTANT SECRETARY From the World (New York) OF THE NAVY Mr. Roosevelt's early- studies were of use to him in his new post. His preparation of the volume on our naval war of 1812 had led him into a broad reading of naval history. He had been recognized in Europe as a naval writer, and had been asso ciated with Captain Ma- han in certain contribu tions to a history of naval warfare. His remarkable energy had found precisely the work that was most congenial at the moment. He cultivated the society of the ablest naval officers in Washington, and found AMERICA AND SPAIN PREPARING FOR A NAVAL WAR From El Ahuizote (Mexico) 38 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career out what was most necessary to be done. He had to fight against apathy and red-tape everywhere. It has been characteristic of Mr. Roosevelt at all times that he has known whom to consult, and where and how to find out what things should be done. And, having found out, he has had the force and energy to do those things without hesitation and with sur prising promptness. We have on record a little statement of his own which pictures the things he found to do while Assistant Secretary of the Navy : " Commodore Dewey, Captain Evans, Captain Brownson, Captain Davis, — with these and the various other naval officers on duty at Washington, I used to hold long consultations, during which we went over and over not only every question of naval administration but specifically everything necessary to do in order to put the navy in trim to strike quick and hard if, as we believed to be the case, we went to war with Spain. Sending an ample quantity of ammunition to the Asiatic squadron and providing it with coal; getting . the battleships and the armored cruisers on the Atlantic into one squadron, both to train them in maneuvering together, and to have them ready to sail against either the Cuban or the Spanish coasts; gath ering the torpedo boats into a flotilla for practice; securing ample target exercise, so conducted as to raise the standard of our marksmanship ; gathering in the small ships from European and South American waters; settling on the number and kind of craft needed as auxiliary cruisers, — every one of these points was threshed over in conversations with officers who were present in Washington, or in correspondence with officens who, like Captain Mahan, were absent." If, at the moment, in some of this work Mr. Roosevelt's energy was not appreciated by his superiors in the McKinley administration, or by older naval officers who had fallen into easy-going habits, it was approved by the country as a whole ; and its wisdom was destined to be admitted by everybody before the mid-summer of 1898. The late Sena tor Cushman K. Davis, who was at that time chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, declared that " If it had not been for Roosevelt, Dewey would not have been able to strike the blow that he dealt at Manila. Roosevelt's sagacity, energy, and promptness saved us." %/" THE NAVY IS READY From the Criterion (New York), May, 1898. CHAPTER VIII The Rough Rider of 1898 IN the opening sentences of his volume, "The Rough Riders," Mr. Roosevelt says that, while his party was still out of power, he had preached with all the fervor and zeal he possessed " our duty to intervene in Cuba and to take this opportunity of driving the Spaniard from the Western world." And he goes on as follows : " Now that my party had come to power, I felt it incumbent on me, by word and deed, to do all I could to secure the carrying out of the policy in which I so heartily believed ; and from the beginning I had deter mined that, if a war came, somehow or other, I was going to the front. Meanwhile, there was any amount of work at hand in getting ready the navy, and to this I devoted myself." War was declared in April, 1898. The navy was as nearly ready as it could be made. Armies can be somehow improvised, but navies require planning in advance. When wars break out, naval direction must pass over practically to the strategists and to the high naval officers. Thus Mr. Roosevelt felt that his period of especial usefulness at the naval office would have an end. The army of the United States consisted of scattered companies and fragments of regiments, located at posts and garrisons extending across a continent and comprising al together only about 25,000 men. It is within bounds to say that for a great many years previous to the Spanish war, no officer had commanded, — even for the drills, maneuvers and marching of peaceful days, — as many United States troops as would be comprised in three full regiments. The Spaniards in their struggle against the Cuban insurrection had massed in that island about 100,000 troops, transported from Spain. It was evident that THE ROUGH RIDERS BRINGING THEIR DYNAMITE GUN INTO ACTION 40 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THE ROUGH RIDERS ON A PRACTICE CHARGE we should have to do something more than gather together the scattered fragments of our regular army. It was necessary to issue a call for volunteer troops, and this Presi dent McKinley did very promptly. At first, Mr. Roosevelt thought of going to the front as a member of the staff of one of the generals ; but some obstacle intervened, and when it was proposed to form a vol unteer cavalry regiment or two from the cowboys and horsemen of the Western plains, Mr. Roosevelt had an opportunity to form such an organization and to become its colo nel. He had, however, been much in company with an army surgeon, Dr. Leonard Wood, then residing in Washington, and he and Dr. Wood had found themselves in entire har mony regarding the Cuban question and the military situation. Dr. Wood had served in campaigns against the Apache Indians, where he had won credit and honor. It was arranged that Dr. Wood should be colonel and Mr. Roosevelt lieutenant-colonel of the First United States Volunteer Cavalry. Dr. Wood was slated for early promotion to a brigadier-generalship, and the regiment from the beginning was known as " Colonel Roose velt's Rough Riders." It was a very picturesque organization, and remarkable in the individual efficiency of its members. It was made up of cowboys from Montana to New Mexico and Arizona, Texas rangers, young Southern horsemen and young college men of the East who were accustomed to riding and shooting and fond of adventure. The regiment arrived in Cuba in time to participate in the brief but very real campaign near Sanitago, and Mr. Roosevelt The Rough-Rider of 1898 41 •. :-.: -.^# ^•' ¦'' . Copyright by Underwood &. Underwood COL. THEODORE ROOSEVELT, OF THE ROUGH RIDERS acquitted himself in a soldierly way that was quite in keeping with qualities that had been developed by the accumulated experiences of his life. In his earlier New York ex perience he had been a member of a militia company, and he had been accustomed to horses and firearms from school boy days. The expansion of the army was sudden, and we were quite unprepared at Washing- 42 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ROUGH RIDERS OF THE FALL OF From Judge (New York) 1898 ton to manage it well on the business side. Many volunteers died in unsanitary camps who had no chance to go near the seat of war. Commissary supplies were misman aged, our soldiers in Cuba were badly fed and supplied, and we were obliged to face serious scandals. Mr. Roosevelt's experi ence in Cuba gave him intimate knowledge of these conditions, and his protests helped to bring about some drastic reforms. Soon after the war was over Mr. Elihu Root became Secretary of War, and there followed a thoroughgoing reform in army administration. Meanwhile it was a re markable coincidence that a man who was destined so soon to become President of the United States, and therefore commander-in- chief of the army and navy, should have served at a critical time in the Navy De partment and should have taken part con spicuously as a soldier at the front in the work of the army. The story of the Rough Copyright by Puck, 1898. By Permission THE ROUGH RIDERS They are rough on the Spaniards, whether they ride or walk. Riders is a fascinating book, and Roosevelt's name, more than that of any other partici pant, will remain associated with the war for the liberation of Cuba. "WE' HAVE DISCOVERED IN MR. ROOSEVELT THE MISSING LINK" (Acceptable to Piatt and the machine on one hand and to Choate, Low, and the reform wing on the other.) From the World (New York) CHAPTER IX As Candidate for Governor IT was in the month of August, 1898, that the troops came back from Cuba in bad condition from improper food and supplies, and were encamped for res toration in the bracing air of Montauk Point at the eastern end of Long Island. There the Rough Riders remained until they were mustered out and disbanded on September 15. The people of New York were about to enter upon a gubernatorial campaign. The Republicans were charged with hav ing made dishonest use of money appro priated for the enlargement of the State canals. The so-called " Raines Law " had provided for turning the saloons of ^^ INFORMATION FOR THE COLONEL Ross Platt to Col. Roosevelt : " It's a cinch. From the Herald (New York) Teddy." 43 44 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ¦> >-.. PLATT AS CYRANO DE BERGERAC From the World (New York) New York into sham hotels to evade the Sunday closing law, and great abuse and scandal had resulted. There was just criti- ROOSEVELT'S CONDITION— AN UNCONDITIONAL BY THE REPUBLICAN MACHINE From Puck. Copyright 1898. By permission. cism of the management of the State insur ance department, as well as that of public works. Mr. Piatt was at the height of his sway as Republican boss, and his followers had in so far abused their privileges of office EDITING THE COLONEL (No. 49 Broadway was Mr. Piatt's business address, from which he was supposed to direct the campaign.) From the World (New York) SIGNOR TEDDI'S DARING ATTEMPT (This double load can't be carried to Albany.) From the Journal (New York) As Candidate for Governor 45 BEWARE OF THE GREEK BEARING GIFTS" (Boss Piatt as leading the Trojan horse.) From the World (New York) and power that they were fac ing an almost inevitable defeat at the polls. It looked like an opportunity for the Democratic machine ; and the Independents, together with many Republicans and Democrats of high personal standing, were thinking it nec essary to nominate a third can didate against the machine tickets of the two parties. Mr. Roosevelt had every qualifica tion by his previous experiences to lead such a movement ; be sides which his fresh popularity as colonel of the Rough Riders, and the hero of San Juan, was sure to add to his strength as a vote getter. Colonel Roosevelt, however, could not forget the politi cal crisis of 1884, and he was reluctant to take any position that could put him outside the ranks' of the Republican party. He agreed under certain cir cumstances to accept an independent nomination, but he proposed not to be a candidate until after he had had a fair chance to see what his own party was going to do. Mr. Piatt and his chief lieu tenants were thoroughly opposed to Roosevelt, but they were facing certain defeat if they put any man known to be identified with themselves at the head of the ticket. The alternative was bitter for them, but they accepted Roosevelt. He ran as a straight Re- "NO TIME FOR SLUMBER" (The Colonel arouses his apathetic party.) From the Herald (New York) 46 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career 1 HYPNOTIZED BY PLATT AS SVENGALI " He wept with delight when Piatt gave him a smile, And trembled with fear at his frown." From the Journal (New York) BAGGED HIS GAME From the Tribune (Minneapolis) THE ROUGH RIDER'S LATEST CHARGE From the World (New York) publican and gave his cordial support to the other names on the Republican ticket. The cartoonists were much concerned through the campaign with his relations to Senator Piatt as the acknowledged leader of the party in the State. Mr. Roosevelt's own point of view was clear on all such points. He would accept no man's dictation in any thing that concerned his freedom of opinion or utterance, or his responsible actions as governor in case of his election. But in all things where custom and propriety allowed him to act as a member of his party he was prepared to consult cordially and fully with those who were the official heads and lead ers of the party organization. Pie was will ing to listen to suggestions from such lead ers as to appointments to office, but would appoint no man to any position unless he was convinced of the man's honesty and faithfulness, and of his entire fitness to per form the duties of the place in question. In his campaign Mr. Roosevelt was en tirely frank as respects administrative scan dals. He promised to unearth the canal frauds if any were to be found, and to deal As Candidate for Governor 47 as unsparingly with wrong-doers of the Re publican party as if they were members of the op posing organization. Up to this time he had not had much experience as a public speaker, and the leaders were strongly op posed to his taking the stump in his own behalf. But the campaign began apathetically, and Mr. Roosevelt, with his un failing instinct for the dramatic, took a few of his cowboys with him, al lowed them to tell the public what they thought of their Colonel, and the Rough Riders drew the crowds, to whom the Colonel appealed with his direct promises to intro- From the Evening Post (Denver) duce reform wherever needed He was elected by a plurality of about i7,ooo in a year when a less striking candidate must have been defeated by a large Democratic plurality. The Champion Rough Rider Of The World "AND TEDDY (ROOSEVELT) COMES MARCHING HOME" From Judge (New York) CHAPTER X In the Gubernatorial Chair M1 "R. ROOSEVELT began his term as governor with a message to the legis lature that was ringing and states manlike. The. people had elected a Republi can governor charged with the duty of re forming conditions that the Republicans themselves had brought about. Governor Roosevelt appointed Democratic lawyers, to gether with engineering and financial ex perts, to examine into the expenditures of the canal millions. The Department of Public Works was reorganized on a practical busi ness basis with proper men in charge. In the other departments of the State gov ernment, the process of shifting things from a political to a business basis was quietly but firmly carried out. Great improvements were made in managing charitable and penal institutions. The insurance department and the bank department, under control of the governor of New York, have to supervise the insurance companies, and the banks and trust companies, that are the most essential and important of any in the nation. The work of these departments was reorganized by Governor Roosevelt, though the task cost him a stubborn fight. A board of revision was appointed to give New York an improved charter in view of Copyright 1898 by Rockwood. HON. THEODORE ROOSEVELT (As Governor of New York) . llnmef ~ THE WILD EASTERN TERROR IN THE MILD WEST From the Chronicle (Chicago) APPROACHING NEBRASKA Bryan : " That looks like a bad storm coming.' From tho Journal (Minneapolis) 66 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career His First National Stumping Tour 67 THE "ROUGH" IDEA IN POLITICS Teddy : " Ah ! just what was needed to carry out the effect." (Mr. Roosevelt's speech at Cripple Creek was interrupted by a mob that threw missiles of all sorts) From the Evening Ncics (Detroit) ;%/&&- THE POLITICAL LOCHINVAR'S SUCCESSFUL RIDE From the Journal (Minneapolis) Mr. Roosevelt had improved, however, in this regard, not so much through prac tice or through taking thought as to his platform manner or diction, as through the maturing of his convictions and knowledge and the corresponding in crease in the value and range of the things he had to say. It is usually the case that the man who is on the one hand a student and on the other hand a man of action, will succeed well enough in public debate or on the stump when real occasions present themselves. Thus Governor Roosevelt in his capac ity as " running mate " with President McKinley made a great speaking cam paign throughout the United States in the summer and autumn of 1900. He was aided by his splendid physical vitality; and his speaking grew more effective day after day. He was never lacking in that mysterious attribute of magnetic per- GO o fa » c+ OOX ?*•certO i-l << JOo oce*r THE NEWS REACHES BOGOTA— From the Herald (New York) accepted by the new Republic of Panama. The treaty was promptly signed that estab lished our rights in the canal zone, and put the new republic virtually under our protec tion. The President of the United States was authorized by Congress to appoint a board of canal commissioners and to proceed with the work of construction. And all this con stituted a notable episode in our history. * ySj^ 94 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Uncle Sam : " He's good enough for me." (This striking cartoon by Homer Davenport was widely circulated in newspapers and on billboards and became the most prominent campaign document of the Republican party in 1904.) From the Evening Mail (New York) CHAPTER XVII The Unanimous Endorsement of His Party £ 11. ^/ire.'L.V^/ IB Hi»fflfiftf/.| "DELIGHTED! " (Senator Hanna, himself an aspirant for Presidential honors, reluctantly handing to President Roose velt the endorsement of the Ohio convention.) — From the Herald (New York) M R. ROOSEVELT had been having the sort of strenuous experiences as President that were in every way congenial to him, and the American public had undoubt edly approved of his policies and ac tions in most essential respects. It was not to be expected, however, that his renomina tion could come without opposition. Senator Hanna, of Ohio, chairman of the National Republican Committee, and close. friend of the late President McKinley, had become the most masterful personage in the Senate, not excepting Mr. Aldrich. Sena tor Hanna had broadened his interests. He espoused the cause of organized labor. He accounted himself responsible more than any one else for the practical steps that were making the Panama Canal a realized fact. In short, he was a candidate for the Presidency, and was effecting a powerful 'POSSUM OR CHICKEN? (Capturing the colored vote!) From the Herald (Baltimore) 96 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career TAKING THE BULL BY THE HORNS (This cartoon refers to the action of the President in bringing suit against the Northern Securities Com pany.) From the Journal (Minneapolis) SOME TROUBLE WITH THE TARIFF TEAM From the Eagle (Brooklyn, New York) (Ohio, led by Hanna, had adopted a "stand-pat" high tariff platform, and Iowa had accepted Cummins' planks on reciprocity and revision.) BLOCKING THE WAY (Senator Aldrich's financial reforms in that session of 1902-3 were blocked by the mass of business in the House of Representatives.) From the Times (Minneapolis) UNCLE SAM'S NEED OF AN ELASTIC CURRENCY Pkesioent Roosevelt : " You see, those galluses ought to have rubber in them, so that when Uncle Sam stoops to move the sheaf there won't be much strain on the buttons." From the Pioneer Press (St. Paul) The Unanimous Endorsement of His Party 97 organization of politicians throughout the country in his own behalf. A good many States as early as 1902 had en dorsed Roosevelt. The question arose whether the Ohio convention of 1903 would speak favor ably of his administra tion. Mr. Roosevelt, who was hunting in the West, sent a famous message that resulted in Ohio's recognition of him in its platform. There was tar iff agitation in the air, with Senator Hanna as the champion of the high- tariff " stand-pat " pol icy, — to use his own Uncle Sam : " Now let's see you punch the bag." phrase, while the West- From the Herald (New York) ern leaders like Governor Cummins, of Iowa, were demanding revision. A great financial discussion was pending, moreover, having to do with the need of a different banking and currency system. Mr. Roosevelt's tone was progressive, but his attitude was expectant rather than posi tive touching such questions. Those were matters for Congress rather than for the execu tive. But when serious scandals were cur rent regarding the administration of the business of the postal system, Mr. Roose velt was in no doubt as to his responsibility. HE LAUGHS BEST WHO LAUGHS LAST The Demockatic Donkey : " Ha, ha ! the cat is out of the bag." The Strenuous Republican Boy : " Yes, but it will soon be a dead cat." From the Journal (Minneapolis) THE FOREMAN GIVES ORDERS FOR RUSH WORK From the Times (Minneapolis) DRIVE THE KNIFE IN UP TO THE HILT! From Judge, December 12, 1903 (President Roosevelt vigorously prosecuting corrupt corporations, as well as grafters and others, as a result of the thorough investigation of the Postal frauds made by Fourth Assistant Postmaster-General Bristow, who later became a United States Senator from Kansas.) The Unanimous Endorsement of His Party 99 He took hold of the work of postal inves tigation with such vigor that he left no op portunity for the Democrats to make capital in the approaching campaign out of abuses which otherwise?, -might have led to Repub lican defeat. As the time for the choosing of delegates for the 1904 convention approached, the movement for Mr. Hanna's nomination dis integrated, partly because of the great strength of President Roosevelt with the people, and also partly because of the se rious breakdown of Mr. Hanna's health. One after another of the great States, in their local conventions, instructed their dele gates to support President Roosevelt. Ohio itself fell in with the general movement and sent a delegation instructed for the Presi dent. The convention at Chicago turned out to be a great spontaneous demonstration in favor of the man who had acceptably served out three and a half years of Mr. McKinley's unexpired second term. If President Mc Kinley had lived Vice-President Roosevelt would have been a candidate for the nomina tion in 1904. But he would not have been personally identified with the many stirring ONLY COMPETENT NAVIGATORS NEED APPLY From the Post (Cincinnati) Ufe | ^^^^^^ •A BIRD IN THE HAND IS WORTH TWO IN THE BUSH" From the Press (Cleveland) *ssrf~ THE SNOW MAN AND THE HOT SUN From the Press (Cleveland) 100 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THE VALUE OF THE BINDER IN HARVEST-TIME (Apropos of the pledging or ''binding" of various State delegations to support Mr. Roosevelt in the nom inating convention.) From the Brooklyn Eagle (New York) matters both foreign and domestic, that had been crowded into the busy period from iqoi to, 1904; and no one can make even a sagacious guess as to what would have hap pened. Senator Fairbanks, of Indiana, was nominated for Vice-President. Under other •circumstances,- Mr. Fairbanks would have been a formidable candidate for the Presidency. His friends had declared that he was the natural successor of Mr. McKinley, and that it had been Mr. McKinley's hope and wish, if he had lived, that Mr. Fairbanks should suc ceed him. But the bluff, powerful Hanna had intervened, and with the disintegration of the Roosevelt opposition which had centered around the chairman of the National Com- The Unanimous Endorsement of His Party 101 SOME PROMINENT FEATURES OF THE CHICAGO CONVENTION By Cartoonist Briggs, of the American (New York) Frank S. Black : " I come not to bury Caesar, but to praise him." (Gov. Black, who had been refused a second-term nomi nation for Governor in 1898, when Roosevelt took his place, made the nominating speech at Chicago in 1904.) From the World (New York) THE CHORUS OF ROOSEVELT HARMONY AT CHICAGO From the Post. (Cincinnati) 102 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's. Career Roosevelt's Last Insteuctions to the Republican. Elephant: "Whoop 'er up!' \ F*oto- the World (New York)' • mittee, it was quite impossible;. to rally around any other man's standard 'the va- ' rious leaders and groups who did-'not like ^.Roosevelt. " *;¦ Mr. Root, Mr. Beveridge,,exl-Governor Black, of New York, and others, made * eloquent Roosevelt speeches jin the con- \ vention, and there was incomparably more enthusiasm over Roosevelt's nomi- , nation in 1904 than there had been at Philadelphia over Mr. McKinley's re nomination, or the placing of Roosevelt on the ticket as candidate for Vice-Presi dent. For years Roosevelt's friends had hoped to nominate him for the Presi dency in the year 1904, and now they had actually accomplished their purpose. THE coxve*™">n has arrived Prom the Herald (New York) CHAPTER XVIII The Roosevelt-Parker Campaign ll ",7:-r.-r*.^*.l-il '-- ''* S^ffKSsss* ¦Be - ' a ._vA ¦ (ft L t * V ? 1 '.¦;.* .SisS ^^" a ^v'1 .;- ¦ ffH^r |^QHIPI Rapspiiir^""' .-?4t^^>,'. . \jf£jp^ ^j IP •r ? ?.-il 4- 3iy£ ^BK- ^ KJhfc^^L ' >^ . / — ..,„¦.. .»> l :¦ i ^^^WM ™..3b| ^^^B^f^IHi K .. ¦ ; IS 111 1 PI ¦ ' ¦'» i wf? '¦&¦ ¦ Stereograph copyright, 1904, by Underwood A Underwood New York THE NOTIFICATION OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AT OYSTER BAY IN 1904. CANNON STANDS ON THE PRESIDENT'S RIGHT.) (SPEAKER THERE was no well-defined issue in the campaign of 1904, as in the two previous ones. In 1896 the question of sound money was threshed, out and permanently settled. In 1900 the people ratified the expansion policy, and the momentous na tional and international developments that followed our war with Spain. In 1904 the real question was whether the people were well enough pleased with the man who had suc ceeded McKinley by a fateful accident to -cgive him another four years' lease of power. Wall Street interests were bitterly opposed to Mr. Roosevelt, because his investiga tion and prosecution of various trusts and corporations, and his attacks upon railroad re bates and like abuses had for the time being not only checked the prosperous schemes of many promoters, but had also confused and disturbed legitimate business, — the whole fabric of corporation finance and control being so closely interwoven. Thus Wall Street, largely under Democratic leadership, had undertaken a more positive part in politics than ever before. If only the Republicans could be prevented from nominating a man as bold 104 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career A VERY STOUT " STRING " TO IT (Apropos of the struggle over the Cuban reciprocity treaty.) From the Record (Philadelphia) i! i1' l ' ¦-''', ON COMMON GROUND (President Roosevelt congratulates ex-President Cleveland on the birth of a boy.) From the Ohio State Journal (Columbus) "Bkummel" Roosevelt: "Ah! who is your fat friend?" (Mr. Cleveland had made a speech at the Louisiana Purchase celebration at St. Louis, in 1903, and it was thought at the time that he might possibly become a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President and run against Roosevelt, who also attended the celebration.) From the Herald (New York) The Roosevelt-Parker Campaign 105 Mr. Roosevelt : " This is so sudden." From the Tribune (Chicago) NOT A CLOUD IN SIGHT (Except that made by the factory chimneys.) From the Inquirer (Philadelphia) and aloof as Roosevelt, and the Democrats could be persuaded to nominate a repre sentative of their conservative wing rather than a radical like Bryan; Wall Street would have nothing to fear from the result of the election. So the " magnates " reasoned. Uncle Sam: "Never swap pilots while crossing a stream." — From the North American (Philadelphia) 106 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Thus in 1903 and early in 1904 Wall Street had done its best to aid in the move ment to secure the nomination of Senator Hanna in place of Mr. Roosevelt; and as ¦early as 1903 certain eminent legal advisers of Wall Street had selected Judge Alton B. Parker (then chief justice of the highest court of the State of New York) as an ex cellent representative of the so-called " safe and sane " type of Democratic candidates. All this was in no way to Judge Parker's discredit; for he was an upright judge and a public man of sound views_and a well- poised mind. Mr. Bryan had been twice defeated ; and Judge Parker, though of a different school of political thought and training, had maintained his party regu larity at all times, just as Roosevelt on his G. O. P.: "There's my man; where's yours?" Democracy : " Oh, I'm waiting for an inspiration. From the Globe (New York) SPIKED (Judge Parker spiking the Republican campaign gun by his gold issue telegram to the St. Louis convention.) From the World (New York) side had been a Republican under all con ditions. Judge Parker was nof widely known to the country, and his candidacy could not be otherwise than the merely negative one of opposition to Roosevelt. It was not pos sible for the Democrats to frame any suc cessful issues. They could not ask boldly for tariff reform, because the South had be come protectionist. They talked of scan dals in administration, but the country knew that" Roosevelt had cleaned out the Post Office frauds with as much vigor as anv Democratic President could have STRENUOUS VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE DAVIS AND WHAT A FRIEND CALLS "A FEW OF HIS STUNTS." From the American (New York) The Roosevelt-Parker Campaign 107 shown. They could not denounce Roose velt as a foe of trusts and corporations, be cause the major part of the Democratic party had always professed to be far more deeply opposed to monopoly and corporate aggrandizement than the Republicans. In short, the logic of the situation was with Roosevelt. The people of the country, ffiffi regardless of party, liked both the man and his policies. As the campaign progressed the Democratic managers denounced the Republicans as collecting^ large campaign funds from the very trusts and corporations that Mr. Roosevelt was supposed to be fighting,. Moreover, Wall Street quickly lost confidence in itself as a political War wick, and was inclined to disavow Judge Parker's candidacy as of its choosing.. Doubtless variot}S corporation interests con tributed to both campaign funds ; and it is unquestionably true that the greater part of the responsible business men of the country thought it better to keep Roosevelt and the Republicans in power than to bring in the Democrats on a dubious platform, with no knowledge of the make-up of a prospective Democratic cabinet. Associated with Mr. Roosevelt was Sec retary Hay, in charge of our foreign affairs ; Mr. Root (who had just been succeeded by Mr. Taft), in charge of the War Depart- " WHAT IS ONE MAN'S MEAT IS ANOTHER MAN'S POISON" (The cartoonist wishes to convey the idea that Roosevelt wants to talk and that Parker is quite happy to be silent.) From the News (Baltimore) PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AS A PHRENOLOGIST " It is difficult to find out from our opponents what are the real issues upon which they propose to wage this campaign." — Roosevelt's letter of accept ance. — From the News (Nashville) INDORSED BY THE MAINE FARMERS (Referring to the large Republican majority in the Maine election of 1904, which came before the general elections of November.) From the Evening Telegraph (Philadelphia) 108 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ment and our island depen dencies ; Mr. Knox, brilliant ly heading the judiciary de partment; and that remark able campaigner, the Hon. Leslie M. Shaw, who had succeeded Mr. Gage as Sec retary of the Treasury. The President's Secretary, Mr. Cortelyou, had been sec retary to President Cleve land, then to President Mc Kinley ; and three successive Presidents testified to his ability and faithfulness. He had political tact, adminis trative skill, and absolute honesty. He it was whom Mr. Roosevelt selected to conduct the campaign, and to serve as chairman of the National Republican Com mittee. One of the notable achievements of Mr. Roose velt's first administration had been the creation of the new Department of Com merce and Labor, and Mr. Cortelyou had been pro moted to the cabinet as Sec- HOW TO MILK THE BEEF TRUST (The Democrats regarded the Garfield report on the Beef Trust as very inoffensive, and found political reasons.) From the World (New York) PRESIDENT S OFFICE The issue. — From the World (New York) Two views of the President. — From the Eagle (Brooklyn) TWO DEMOCRATIC CARTOONS ON THE " MILITARY " ROOSEVELT The Roosevelt-Parker Campaign 109 THE TWO ROOSEVELTS (The Roosevelt as real history will picture him — and — the Roosevelt as the demagogues now paint him.) From Judge retary of this new department. Mr. Roosevelt had advanced his assistant secretary, Mr. William Loeb, Jr., to succeed Mr. Cortelyou as Secretary to the President. Of the bureaus grouped together under the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, the THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL HAS A NEW JOB Knox : " Mr. Roosevelt, you'll have to get some body else to tend to this pig, because Mr. Penn wants me to go to work for him." From the Journal (Kansas City) The President (to Mr. Paul Morton, the new Secretary of the Navy) : " You have done so well with the cars, now let's see what you can do with the ships." From the Leader (Cleveland I 110 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career POPULIST CANDIDATE WATSON CHALLENGING THE OTHER PRESI DENTIAL CANDIDATES TO TALK From the Post (Washington) DEMOCRAtlC BULLETIN PARKER WILL SUREIV CARRY NEW YO"" WE. SI VIRGINIA- INDIANA REPORTS TROM COAST 5TATE1. I AVIMlABLt most important was a new one called the Bureau of Corporations,,;' Mr. Roose velt placed' at,,' trfe head of this bureau the Hon. James R. Garfield, transferring him from the post of. Civil Serv ice Commissioner. These are the names of a very few of the strong and able men with ,'whom Mr. Roosevelt was surrounded. Mr. Hitch cock, of St. Louis, Secretary of the Interior, was exposing ¦and prosecuting land frauds in the West, while the new Bureau of Corporations was investigating the Beef Trust, ' the Standard Oil ¦ Trust, and other corpora tions accused of violating the Sherman anti-trust law. Under the circumstances, , Mr. Roosevelt's overwhelm ing triumph at the polls was to have been expected. All sections of the country seemed to be con tented with the outcome, and Judge Parker, . CONGRATULATIONS IN ORDER Roosevelt : " De-e-lighted to hear that you have a cinch." Pakkeb : " Allow me to congratulate you. I un derstand there is no longer any doubt but that you will be elected to the high office to which you aspire." From the Journal (Minneapolis) THE CALLING OF THE SECOND HAGUE PEACE CONFERENCE Roosevelt : " 'Twill help to make the pot boil." From the Eagle (Brooklyn, New York) The Roosevelt-Parker Campaign 111 AS THE CAMPAIGN WAS ENDING (Parker sits dejected at the foot of the Roosevelt pedestal. ) Caesar Platt (to Brutus Odell) : " Et tu, _Brute?' This was the most unkindest cut of all : For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, Quite vanquish'd him : then burst his mighty heart ; And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Even at the base of Pompey's statue, Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell." From the World (New York) HE'D SINK EITHER OF THEM (Neither party, this year, wishes to !:iin the risk of associating itself with the trusts.) From the North American (Philadelphia) 112 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THE GREAT TRIUMPH OF 1904 From the Evening Star (Washington) though badly defeated, was regarded as having lost no important States which Roosevelt might not have carried against any possible Democratic nominee. Mr. Roosevelt felt that his victory was not of a strictly partisan nature, and that the country was entitled to know in just what spirit he accepted it. On the night of his election, therefore, he issued a statement declaring that under no circumstances would he be a candidate or accept a nomi nation in 1908. There was already much political talk to the effect that Mr. Roosevelt had merely been serving out Mr. McKinley's term, and that his acceptance of another nomination in 1908 would not be in violation of the tra dition that limits an American President to two consecutive terms. His friends and his AFTER THE AVALANCHE OF NOVEMBER 8 41904).— From the Post (Washington)1 The Roosevelt-Parker Campaign 113 ROPING. THE PRESIDENTIAL STEER From Caras y Carelas (Buenos Aires) " HERE WE ARE AGAIN ! " (Apropos of Mr. Roosevelt's triumphant election and subsequent visit to the world's fair at St. Louis.) From the World (New York) opponents alike had been thus looking forward to the next contest. Mr. Roosevelt won the approval and renewed confidence of the country in the decisive announcement he made. It was believed that with no ambition to secure another nomination, he could give the more devoted and patriotic attention to the service of the whole people in his high office. ROOSEVELT'S VICTORY i A cartoon of the day after election) Uncle Sam : " Now we can get up steam again." From the North American (Philadelphia) AFTER THE BATTLE Uncle Sam : " I'm glad the election is over. I'll sweep out and get to work." From the Times (Washington) 114 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ALWAYS INCISIVE, DECISIVE, AND PRECISE! (Referring to Roosevelt's election night statement of 1904 renouncing a third term.) From Judge There was nothing more remarkable than the contented acquiescence of the Demo cratic press in the result. The people of the South showed their approval in many ways that could not be mistaken, and flooded Mr. Roosevelt with invitations to visit their re spective States and cities. It had been the good fortune of Mr. McKinley, in a period of declining partisanship, to be regarded as the President of the whole country without re gard to section or party ; and this general good-will was transferred to Roosevelt even as the mantle of Elijah had in ancient time fallen upon the shoulders of his successor. Copyright by Underwood & Underwood TAKING THE OATH OF OFFICE AT WASHINGTON ON MARCH 4, 1905 CHAPTER XIX As Peace-Maker and World Figure IT was in the summer of 1904, — his renomination secured and his election certain, — that Mr. Roosevelt began clearly to emerge in the mature sense as one of the great world figures of his day. The completion of the second McKinley (Roosevelt) term had secured the full establishment of the policy of expansion. Our navy had become strong and efficient under Mr. Roosevelt's guidance. The army had been thoroughly re organized through Mr. Root's constructive statesmanship and his ability to win the ap proval of Congress for his policies. We were gaining renown through extirpation of yellow fever in Cuba and our success in sanitary measures at Panama. The international prestige of the United States was enormously increased, and in the eyes of the world President Roosevelt was the man who typified the Twentieth Century America. He had, of course, followed in McKinley's footsteps in so far as he saw the path of duty leading in that direction. But it had been easy to work with Mr. McKin ley's appointees, and Mr. Roosevelt had found no difficulty in holding to his pledge of September, 1901, that he would do his best to carry out Mr. McKinley's plans. Now, however, the country had deliberately chosen him for its helmsman, and there could be no doubt of its mandate to go forward according to his own judgment. It was not necessary to wait for inauguration clay in March. The new mandate took effect on 116 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career From Puck. Copyright, 1905. By permission. AVE THEODORE! election day in November, and his message to Congress in December came with a strength and force that had perhaps been equalled in none of his previous state papers. It was then that he laid down that guiding principle of the " square deal," — the determination to secure justice to all men to the best of his ability, to capitalist as well as to workman ; to humble immigrant or Asiatic coolie as well as to the descendants of the Pilgrims or the Patroons. And recognizing the commanding prestige that the United States had secured abroad as a result of its new policies and recent growth, the Roosevelt administration gladly accepted the responsibilities and the opportunities that go with prestige and power. From Puck. Copyright, 1905. By permission. ALL HIS OWN (Mr. Roosevelt, after completing President Mc Kinley's second term, entered, upon his own elective term of four years.) CONGRESS OPENS (The President hastening to the Capitol with voluminous proposals for new legislation.) From the Evening Herald (Duluth) As Peace-Maker and World Figure 117 ^Ssd^^S THE NOBLEST ROMAN OF THEM ALL.— From Judge (New Tork) The influence of the United States was henceforth to be exerted on behalf of inter national peace and good will. Our govern ment promptly took the lead in proposing to the powers of Europe the holding of a second peace conference at The Hague, with a view to completing several steps that had been left for a future gathering by the original conference of 1899. The proposal met with general European favor, and Mr. Roosevelt was everywhere accorded the credit for initiating the gathering, — al though our government very gracefully con sented that Russia should issue the formal invitations, as for the original conference. The breaking out of the fierce and regret table war in Manchuria between Russia and Japan led to the postponement of the peace gathering until after that conflict had been ™»'5t(>«TlVE REFORM in GOVERNMENTAL DEPOTS. RailRORO RATE. R.ECrULAT»0!H. tCOMOMY IH GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES DiPLonnTic wo consular service: Rb^MtMHimei Enlarging the navy. a AOOPOOH OF BETTER TARIFF RELATIONS MITtl|h|(LlWrt£S _, Legislation to expedite Panama churl construction. THE SQUARE DEAL Prom the Spokesman-Review (Spokane) THEY HAVE TURNED THEIR MUD BATTERIES AGAINST HIM (President Roosevelt's vigorous fight against wrongdoing of various kinds brought upon him all sorts of abuse and calumny from these sources.) From the Spokesman-Review (Spokane) railroads of granting rebates to the large corporations, and other favored shippers. The principle of national regulation of rail roads had become firmly established, and it was considered that the one point above all others most necessary to be secured was the equal and impartial treatment of all whose business required them to use the means of interstate transportation. It was a hard fight, but the legislation was secured, its results were accepted by the railroads, and a great reform was put into effect that the railroads have since regarded as even more val- X m J > Mm*'"-' - ¦- v Wmmk w A NEW TASK FOR THE ROUGH RIDER (In the spring of 1906 a threatened coal strike en gaged the attention of the President.) Prom the Leader (Cleveland) " CAUGHT IN THE ACT " (President Roosevelt turning the flashlight of the Garfield report on the Standard Oil monopoly.) From the Press (Philadelphia) The "Big Stick" at Home and Abroad 141 THE PARTIES AND THE PRESIDENT'S RAIL ROAD POLICY From the Post (Washington, D. C.) TRYING TO BLOCK HIS WAY From the Tribune (Minneapolis) uable to them than to those who had so strenuously fought against the rebate system. Along with the granting of freight rebates, there disappeared the granting of free passes to politicians and their henchmen, which had been an abuse of almost incred- U.ncle Sam (to the railroad trusts and obstruc tionists) : " Give the President a chance." From the Evening Mail (New York) UNCLE SAM IS ON Senate : " Hey, Uncle, come quick. Look, see what the terrible Teddy has done now — Panama — silver coinage — Santo Domingan treaty — awful — wow ! ! ! " Uncle Sam : " Say, I'm not half so much interest ed in what Teddy has done as in what you are not doing." From the Journal (Minneapolis) 142 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career The Rough Rideb : •¦ San Juan Hill is not in it with this brute." Prom Collier's Weekly THE THREE R'S (President Roosevelt will impress them upon the pupils of the Congress School.) From the Journal (Minneapolis) ible dimensions, and which had played no small part in the corruption of legislatures and the obstruction of honest government. Mr. Roosevelt's messages to Congress for that period are elaborate discussions of the economic and social conditions of the country. Their value as presentments of fact, and as contemporary discussion of evils and remedies, will have great appreciation at the hands of the future historian. Thus in the message of December, 1906, statements are made regarding the working of the recent Railway Rate bill ; and it is shown that this and other recent legislative steps toward the better regulation of inter state commerce had already been justi fied in experience. In view of conditions that led, in 1910, to the enactment of the new Railroad Rate bill, with its enlarge ment of the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission, it is worth while to quote a little from Mr. Roosevelt's message of 1906. Let us take, for ex ample, the following paragraphs : It must not be supposed, however, that with the passage of these laws it will be possible to stop progress along the line of increasing the power of the national government over the use of capital in interstate commerce. For example, there will ultimately be need of enlarging the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission along several different lines, so as to give it a " JIU-JITSUED " larger and more efficient control over the rail- From the Post (Cincinnati) roads. ushnett- The "Big Stick" at Home and Abroad 143 HIS FAVORITE AUTHOR.— From the Chronicle (Chicago) THE LEGISLATIVE SIDEWALK SNOWBOUND The President's Message: "Get busy .'"-From the Journal (Minneapolis) 144 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career It cannot too often be repeated that experience has conclusively shown the impossibility of securing by the actions of nearly half a hundred different State legislatures anything but ineffective chaos in the way of dealing with the great corporations which do not operate exclusively within the limits of any one State. In some method, whether by a national license law or in other fashion, we must exercise, and that at an early date, a far more complete con trol than at present over these great corporations, — a control that will, among other things, prevent the evils of excessive overcapitalization, — and that will compel the disclosure by each big corporation of its stockholders and of its properties and business, whether owned directly or through subsidiary or affiliated corporations. These paragraphs set forth a program that Mr. Roosevelt well understood could not be carried out at once. It is precisely the program that President Taft took up in 1909, and that was included in (1) the Rail road Rate bill, which became a law in June, 1910; (2) the work outlined by President Taft for a commission to report upon the best way to regulate the issue of railroad stocks and bonds, and (3) the bill of Attor ney-General Wickersham, providing for the federal incorporation of railroads and large industrial companies. Many of the progressive ideas advocated by Mr. Roosevelt in 1905, and the two fol- THE SPIRIT OP 1906 (With President Roosevelt, Speaker Cannon, and Senator Tillman marching in harmony, the national spirit of 1776 is recalled.) From the Herald (New York) THE LATEST RECRUIT From the Press (Philadelphia) " YOU'RE ANOTHER ! " Prom the Journal (Minneapolis) The "Big Stick" at Home and Abroad 145 " NEXT ! " , From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) lowing years, which brought upon him the enmity and violent criticism of the exponents of great corporate wealth, had already, by the time Congress adjourned in the summer of 19 10, found acceptance as self-evident and commonplace doctrine in the platforms of both wings of both great parties. A NAUSEATING JOB, BUT IT MUST BE DONE (President Roosevelt takes hold of the investigating muck-rake himself in the packing-house scandal.) From the Saturday Globe (Utica) CHAPTER XXI Some Activities of a Versatile President FOLLOW l'OUR LEADER, THE NEW REPUBLICAN GAME From the Herald (Salt Lake) THE CANDIDATE From the Leader (Cleveland) " DEE-LIGHTED " From the Inquirer (Philadelphia1! Some Activities of a Versatile President 147 Stereograph, Copyrighted, 1906, by Underwood & Underwood N. Y. PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AT PANAMA RESPONDING TO THE WELCOME OF PRESIDENT AMADOR PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S hold upon the confidence of the country was again put to the test in the Congressional elections of 1906. It was recognized that the President and his policies formed the issue, and a clever cartoonist at the time de picted Mr. Roosevelt as the candidate in front of the polling booths of every State. The campaign was also notable as one in which the Republican party tried to obtain its funds by small popular subscriptions rather than in large sums from business interests. Ever since the Civil War, the Republican party had made the protective tariff its shibboleth, and had relied upon the manufacturing interests to provide its election funds. This practise of collecting from wealthy business interests had been continued ; but it be came embarrassing when the government was attempting to enforce the Sherman anti trust law to break up illegal railroad practices and dissolve industrial combinations. ¦ The election having resulted in an emphatic endorsement of the administration, Mr. Roosevelt broke the traditions which had held our President strictly upon American soil by making a trip to Panama to inspect personally the sanitary and engineering work of our new Canal Zone, and to pay his respects to the young Republic of Panama, which he had been accused of creating. He came back prepared to refute the attacks that had been made upon our beginnings with the canal, and besides his regular message to Congress, at its assembling in December, he prepared a special message on conditions at Panama, 148 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career INSPECTING THE DITCH Peace hath her trenches no less than- From the Inquirer (Philadelphia) NOW WATCH THE DIRT FLY ! From the Globe (New York) " DEE-LIGHTED " (President Roosevelt has illustrated his message to Congress. The American cartoonist welcomes him to the craft. No trouhle finding something " to do with ex-president Roosevelt.") From the Journal (Miflneapolis) Some Activities of a Versatile President 149 A FEW SHOTS AT THE KING'S ENGLIS " What Mr. Roosevelt means is to scrap the English language. He is a patriot not a pottering Philologist," according to the London Saturday Review. From Collier's Weekly (New York) providing each Con gressman with a copy elaborately supplied with photographic il lustrations. Incidentally it may be said that these mes sages to Congress were much commented upon by reason of their use of the simplified spell ing that had been rec ommended by a group of learned gentlemen who had banded them selves together to re form the spelling of the English language. They had appealed to- Mr. Roosevelt during his summer vacation at Oyster Bay by tell ing him they had hit upon a method of arousing an apathetic nation to the adoption of phonetic spelling not by gradual process but by a sudden stroke. If Mr. Roose velt would but use the simplified form him self, and instruct the Government Printing Office at Washington to put all public docu ments in this new phonetic dress, the re formed system would be virtually estab lished, and the newspapers and public schools would have to follow. /Jill iJHii £9Bk TWISTING THE LION'S TONGUE Fathek Time (closely examining small incision in tree- trunk) : " Who's been trying to cut this tree down? " " Tedht " Roosevelt (in manner of young George Washington) : "Father! I kannot tel a li. I did it with my litl ax." Father Time : " Ah, well .' Boys will be boys ! " Prom Punch ( London I KIKT OUT! From the Spokesman-Review (Spokane.) isa A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THE NEW SCHOOL From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) The outcome proved, however, that there were some things that even the dauntless President could not accomplish. The English language resisted the attack. Mr. Roose velt accepted his defeat with entire cheerfulness. There was little if any reformed spell ing in his Romanes lecture at Oxford three or four years later. About spelling reform. ry-~~— TEACHING THE YOUNG IDEA HOW' TO SPELL From the World (New York) THIS DOES SETTLE IT (President Roosevelt positively cannot accept the nomination for a third term ; he has undertaken the introduction of spelling reform, and that is trouble enough for one man.) From the Tribune (Minneapolis) Some Activities of a Versatile President 151 THE PRESIDENT CROWNED AGAIN From the World (New York) as about the revision of the tariff, Mr. Roosevelt was, in fact, at heart an oppor tunist. At one time or another he urged both reforms at the request of his earnest THE ANGEL OF PEACE (The Germans think he looks uncommonly like the American President. But they don't quite like his looks for all that.) From Kladderadatsch (Berlin) Mb. Roosevelt to Nobwai- : " Delighted ! award of the Nobel peace prize.) From the Press (Philadelphia) (The " WAIT JUST A MOMENT, MR. PRESIDENT ' From the Leader (Cleveland) 152 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career and convinced friends; but he himself could afford to abide the general verdict and await the slower processes of time. Through all this period there was constant and relentless ef fort in the Department of Com merce and Labor, the Depart ment of the Interior, and the Department of Justice to prove and to punish violations of law by great corporations. Mr. Hitchcock had retired from the Interior Department, to be suc ceeded by Mr. James R. Gar field. Mr. Cortelyou, after the successful campaign of 1904, had become Postmaster-Gen eral, and in the middle of Mr. Roosevelt's second term he had been transferred to the head of the Treasury Depart ment upon the retirement of the Hon. Les lie M. Shaw. Mr. Moody, who had suc ceeded Mr. Knox as Attorney-General (Mr. Knox having entered the Senate) was as energetic as Knox' himself in the prosecu tion of offending corporations. Meanwhile, a vacancy having occurred on the Supreme Bench, Mr. Moody was appointed to that high tribunal, and Mr. Charles J. Bonaparte became Attorney-General. " TEDDY THE GOOD " IN A NEW ROLE " It is a very laudable purpose, but would anybody but Theodore Roosevelt ever think of dedicating a Christmas windfall of $40,000 for such a purpose?" From the Times (Brooklyn) Uncle Sam (to the President) : " Here, Theodore, drop that and get back to- your old job." From the Blade (Toledo) John Bull : " Thank you, Mr. Roosevelt, for the prompt kindness of your navy and your people in this terrible disaster at Jamaica i From the Westminster Gazette (London) A BUSY DAY IN THE CABINET From the Tribune (Chicago) Some Activities of a Versatile President 153 " I TAKE MY PEN IN HAND '' From the Evening Mail (New York) Mr. Oscar S. Straus had succeeded Mr. Cortelyou as head of the Department of Commerce, and Herbert Knox Smith had become head of the Bureau of Corporations succeeding Mr. Garfield. Mr. Pinchot, who had for a long time been Chief Forester under the veteran head of the Department of Agriculture (Mr. Wilson), had by this time become an official of great influence and power. ALL READY FOR THE FIREWORKS From the Tribune (Chicago) THE PRESIDENT AND THE UNITED STATES SENATE (The hen vociferously protests, but Farmer Roosevelt selects the eggs just the same.) From the Saturday Globe (Utical 154 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT SEES AS SENATOR HIM RAYNER From the Globe (New York) the law was enforced against oppressive combinations. A delicate situation, moreover, had arisen on account of anti-Japanese riots in Pacific Coast States. Japanese laborers were not excluded under the law that prevented Chi nese immigration. A good many Japanese laborers were finding employment. Cali fornia demanded the extension of the Ex clusion act to Japanese and Korean labor ers. Japan's victory in the great war against Russia had naturally enhanced the con sciousness of power and importance among the Japanese people, and they resented the idea of exclusion from America. The sit uation was met with tact and good-will by both governments. The great financial panic that spread from the banks and trust companies of New York City throughout the country in the last weeks of 1907 created situations that called His strength was due to the greatness of the situations he had to deal with, and the breadth of his view and the strength of his grasp. When Mr. Pinchot had taken office years before, we were practically without forest reserves. No one had supposed that our timber supply could be exhausted. But by degrees it came to be understood that great lumber companies were managing to mo nopolize the forest areas that remained as part of the Western public domain, and that for reasons of large public policy the re maining timber areas must be kept as na tional forests. President Cleveland had made an impor tant beginning in this direction ; President McKinley had gone still further, and it re mained for President Roosevelt, with his exceptional knowledge of the physical con ditions of the country, to make forest pres ervation, and the protection of other great natural resources, one of the leading con cerns of his administration. There was ear nest co-operation among all the executive departments to protect the public domain, to enforce the Interstate Commerce law in the interest of the people, and to see that THE TRUTH ABOUT THE PANIC " Teddy, in the heat of his eloquence, beating the table, caused to fall a number of banks, which were already worm-eaten. Seizing the advantage of this accident, be began to thunder against business cor ruption. Yet, during nearly eight years of his ' reign ' he did nothing to suppress these corrupt practices. He escaped at the end of his term by stir ring up a great scandal. " Teddy, you fool nobody. We all know that your anger is put on to assure you a fine wind-up." From Figaro (Vienna) Some Activities of a Versatile President 155 NO MOLLY-CODDLING HERE (This is the prevailing Wall Street notion of President Roosevelt's attitude toward corporate in terests.) From the Globe (New York) for government relief. Mr. Roosevelt, through his Secretary of the Treasury, Mr. Cortelyou, acted with his accustomed promptness. The money stringency was re lieved by the government's proposal to is sue and place on the market many millions in Panama Canal bonds, and many more millions in short-term notes under a law that had been enacted in the period of the Span ish War. The panic illustrated the need of a reform in our money and banking system ; and Mr. Roosevelt did everything in his power to promote the view of those who were work ing for banking reform and an elastic cur rency. There were many financiers embar rassed by the panic who imagined at the time that President Roosevelt's efforts to enforce the law as respects interstate com merce and industrial monopolies had created distrust and brought about the crisis that was so disastrous to the stock market. Most of those men, two years later, in looking back upon the course of events, would have acknowledged their entire mistake as to the facts and causes. The panic had been brought about by con- WALL STREET PAINTS A PICTURE OF THE PRESIDENT From Collier's Weekly (New York) ditions of over-speculation and bad business methods that were brought clearly to light when thevstrain came. The panic, in other words, was but a symptom of those very THE RAILROADS AND ROOSEVELT (Before and after the long struggle for anti- rebate legislation.) From the Evening Star (Washington 1 156 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career " WHOA ! " (Apropos of the President's order reserving the public- timber and coal lands.) From the Record Herald (Chicago) evils in the industrial and commercial world that Mr. Roosevelt had been pointing out and trying to remedy. THE THUNDERER Cffium ipsum petimus stultitia neque, Per nostrum patimur scleus, Iracunda Jovem ponere fulmina. — Horace, Ode III, 38-40. From Collier's Weekly (New York) NO OCCASION FOR GENERAL ALARM President Roosevelt: "Don't be afraid, gentlemen; he- will hurt only the crooks." From the Saturday Globe (Utica, N. Y.) Some Activities of a Versatile President 157 THE USUAL VICTIM From the Herald (New York) Out of the intense discussion of that period, several plans of financial reform were evolved ; and these had much debate during the ensuing Presidential campaign. Thus Mr. VACATION TIME ON SAGAMORE HILL From the Tribune (Minneapolis) Pbesipext Roosevelt : " Uncle Sam, it seems to me that this tool ought to be used." From the Tribune (Minneapolis) A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career UNFORTUNATELY, PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT'S ARMS ARE NOT LONG ENOUGH From Puck (Tokio) DISCUSSION IS BETTER THAN CONCUSSION President Roosevelt : " Don't butt ; let's talk it over." From the Eagle (Brooklyn, New York) Bryan made himself an advocate of the plan of guaranteeing bank deposits; and he se cured the endorsement of this plan in the Democratic platform. Mr. Roosevelt and his administration agreed with most of the bankers that the guaranteeing of deposits would not be wise. They advocated, on their part, the establishment of a general system of postal savings-banks, so that if THAT INTERVIEW AS IT WASN'T ' Good morning, Mr. Presi- Admiral Yamamoto : " We are going to have a Admiral Yamamoto dent. We are going to have a war " President Roosevelt: "What's that? we are." From the Tribune (Minneapolis) warm day to-day. President Roosevelt: "Oh, yes, yes! I think Some Activities of a Versatile President 159 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT FINDS THE DENIZENS OF THE CANEBRAKE PREPARED From the Herald (New York) the people were afraid to deposit their savings in ordinary banks they could commit them to the care of the government under reasonable conditions. It was believed that this might be an especially effective thing in times of business panic or distrust. In the last two years of the administra tion, the place of Postmaster-General was RECIPROCITY (One good lift deserves another.) From the Journal (Minneapolis) ' WHEREAT I WAS MUCH CAST DOWN."- dore Roosevelt, " Hunting Big Game " From the Herald (New York) -Theo- 160 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Now, Mr. Railroadman, stock watering must stop- Rates are too high — They must come down- Safety must be guaranteed — I hope I impress my meaning on you — Good day ! ' RAILROAD LEGISLATION From Collier's Weekly Some Activities of a Versatile President 161 AN IMPREGNABLE SHIELD From the Gazette-Times (Pittsburg) THE VERY SIMPLE MESSAGE OF THE BIG STICK. HE WHO RUNS MAY READ From the Tribune (Minneapolis) filled by Mr. George von L. Meyer, who had served as ambassador at more than one lead ing European capital. Mr. Meyer bent all his energies toward securing the adoption by Congress of the postal savings-bank scheme; and although its success was de ferred, there was every assurance that postal savings-banks would be established in the very near future. The plan was endorsed by the Republican national convention, and Congress accordingly passed the bill, with Mr. Taft and the Postmaster-General (Frank Hitchcock) also favoring it, early in 1910. Mr. Roosevelt had managed through these years of high pressure and varied activity to avoid those effects of strain and over-work that few men have been able to escape whose responsibilities are great and whose duties are incessant. His, through the Presidential years, was always the clear, strong mind of the man who sleeps well, takes his exercise, and wards off the disease called worry. Thus, as the panic came on Mr. Roosevelt was on his way back to Washington from a bear hunt in the Louisiana canebrakes. These absences were always well-planned, never interfered with public business, associated themselves with helpful visits to different parts of the country, and kept the President physically able to meet the tasks that only a strong man could survive. That period of Mr. Roosevelt's Presidency was one in which his dominant note of jus tice and public duty was of more value to the country than any other tone or quality could have been. Whether the civil service, the national forests, tariff reciprocity with European countries, naval growth, insular questions, canal problems at Panama, an army and race theme like the Brownsville affair, or any other of a hundred topics was under consideration, Mr. Roosevelt brought to bear in every case the power of a vigorous mind and conscience. He saw in a clear, broad manner the thing that was right to be done, and demanded of Congress and the country the ethical solution and no other. CHAPTER XXII Refusing a Third Term NOTHING like the Roosevelt third-term movement had ever before been known in American history. The struggle to give President Grant a third term was en tered upon by his friends and political beneficiaries, in the very face of a disap proving national and party sentiment. But the movement to give Roosevelt a third term PRESIDENTIAL TRANSPORTATION.-Both cartoons on this page are from the Journal, Minneapolis The G. O. P. Elephant: "Come, Mr. President, I'll furnish you another free ride if you'll just get aboard." /^zr THE HOUSE-HUNTERS (BRYAN, TAFT, AND FAIRBANKS) Betan : " That house looks good to me, if the present occupant really expects to give it up." Refusing a Third Term 163 JUST A LITTLE BIT NERVOUS The Elephant : " I don't like the looks of that fellow, Theodore. You'd better stay with me till I get past 1908." — From1 the Saturday Globe (Utica) was national and »al most irresistible, and its successful resistence was due to his own firm will and the use of his' prestige and power to secure a different result. Naturally the Republican pajjty desired success, and it was sure to win under his leader ship. But he hafd made his announcement on election night in 1904, and he saw no good reason for changing his mind. He was, of course, plainly, bound not to seek in any way a renomination, or to abet the movement. There was, however, no reason of honor or good faith that could have prevented his taking ,. the oath of office and serving again, if h,e*' had been nominated and elected. ALTHOUGH . PRESIDENT5 ROOSEVELT HAS " IRREVOCABLY "'REFUSED THE THIRD TERM NOMINATION, IT MAY COM#«0 THIS* IN 1908. From the Spokesman-Review (Spokane) THE HUNTER.BUNTED From the Journal (Minneapolis) POoo13*— • r+O i-l oo05 oo opo •-I i-S "MARTIN LUTHER" ROOSEVELT From Puck. Copyright, 1907. By permission Refusing a Third Term 165 CAESAR'S NO! From Pmc7c. Copyright 190S. By permission. The President of the United States exercises in reality a greater power than do the hereditary rulers of monarchical countries. A masterful and positive President like Mr. Roosevelt, though loyal in all intent to the Constitution-, drives swiftly to the ends he deems wise and right, and builds up for the executive an authority and an influence that tend to permeate the whole government. So popular a President as Roosevelt influences political situations in the States, and without any such precise purpose may bringunder his moral sway many men in the Congresses he has helped to elect. He fills vacancies in the federal judiciary —from the Supreme Bench to the district judgeships in all the States; and without a thought of undue influence over the judiciary, he may name a o-ood many judges of his own way of thinking. & Thus the power of a strong President is cumulative ; and there is wisdom and safety in the tradition that limits the President to a consecutive period of eight years. Mr. Roosevelt had not read American history amiss. If we had been in the thick of a great foreign war, and the country regardless of party had insisted upon his taking another term he might have seen a sufficient reason for remaining at his post. But the country had an abundance of trained and capable men, and there was some reason to think that 166 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career RELIEVING THEIR ANXIETY (The aspirants for the Presidential nomination pressing Mr. Roosevelt to repeat his declaration that he would not run again.) From the Evening Star (Washington) the time had come for a President of a different temperament. Few people will ever understand how great a pres sure Mr. Roosevelt resisted. Even those politicians who were thought to be opposing him were constantly pressing the idea upon his attention. After it had become certain that Taft would win as against any of the other candidates, there was a renewed effort to nomi nate Roosevelt, both to make the election easier and also to clear the field for 1912. TEDDY AND HIS PRESIDENTIAL SLATE From the American (Nashville) THE COUNTRY IS BACK OF HIM Go ahead, Teddy ; whichever path you choose you have U. S. back of you. From the Journal (Minneapolis) Refusing a Third Term 167 L.tli3 H/MiiSri-l1 f/&i,C&-*4*& From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) THE PRESIDENT AND THE GOVERNORS— ALSO MR. BRYAN (Mr. Roosevelt had called the Governors of the States and others into a great conference at the White House in May, 1908, to consider the pres ervation of natural resources.) From the Herald (Washington) WE MUST PRESERVE OUR NATURAL RESOURCES." A NATURAL RESOURCE (Speaking of conserving our natural resources, Gov ernor, do you think he could be induced to accept a third term ?) From the Press (New York) FIRST OF ALL From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) 168 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career GOVERNORS THE GOVERNORS! (Were there moving pictures for the Governors?) . From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) PRESERVE THE FORESTS From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) CHAPTER XXIII Helping to Choose His Successor MR. TAFT'S candidacy was not of his own seeking, neither was it arbitrarily forced upon the party by Mr. Roosevelt. It was the result of much consultation ; and Mr. Taft, who would have preferred to return to the federal bench, became a candidate only because it was the prevailing view of the administration and the party that he was the most available man. Until the very last moment, there were great num bers of Republicans who clung to the hope that the convention would be stampeded for Mr. Roosevelt. " HE'S ALL RIGHT " From the Evening Mail (New York) NOT A WEAKLING From the Evening World (New York) There were those who said that while Roosevelt himself would be acceptable to them, they did not approve of his dictating the choice of his successor. Governor Hughes had entered upon a brilliant record in New York, and it was decided by a majority of the New York delegation that his name should be presented at the Chicago convention as a candidate for Presidential honors. Senator Knox was the favorite son of Pennsylvania, and his name also was offered to the convention. Vice-President Fairbanks had the endorsement of his own State of In diana, and some strength in other parts of the country. Speaker Cannon had the great State of Illinois behind him, although he himself re garded his Presidential boom in the light of a mere personal compliment, and was ready to support Taft. The delegation from Wisconsin was instructed to present the name of Senator La Follette by way of reminding the convention of the turn in that gentleman's fortunes since the refusal of the convention of 1904 to seat him and his friends. -IrfO OPX ce i-t O o ogo« 00 oSB THE COURTSHIP OF BILL TAFT Pbiscilla (the Republican party) : "Why don't you speak for yourself, Theodore?" From Puck. Copyright, 1907. By permission Helping to Choose His Successor 171 THE SHADOW ON THE WHITE HOUSE GROUNDS From Judge (New York) But Mr. Roosevelt fully realized that if the convention were deadlocked by reason of the conflicting claims of too many favorite sons, the outcome would inevitably be his own re-nomination. He bent all his energies, therefore, toward the securing of enough pledged Secketaey Taft (to the President) : "What's that blamed racket ahead, Theodore?" (Secretary Taft does not find the trip to the White House devoid of adventure and opposition) From the Saturday Globe (Utica) 172 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career t$*>*1 LOADING THE BAND WAGON From the Spokesman-Review (Spokane) PRETTY GOOD AT " WINNING THE WEST ' HIMSELF From the Blade (Toledo) A LIVELY CONVENTION (The President interested in the New York State Convention.) From the World (New Y'ork) Helping to Choose His Successor 173 "THE THIN RED LINE OF HEROES" IN THE CONVENTION OF 1908 (The Taft delegates standing firm in the face of the tremendous enthusiasm for Roosevelt.) From Collier's Weekly THE " BIG STICK " WAS THERE From the Eagle (Brooklyn, New York) DEE-LIGHTED; OR, THE RINGMASTER From the Eagle (Brooklyn, New York) 174 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career %als TAFT'S WRITING MASTER From the World (New York) MR. ROOSEVELT GETS THE CHICAGO NEWS WITH EVIDENT DELIGHT From the Philadelphia Inquirer, June 10 delegates to nominate Mr. Taft; and so the thing was accomplished.- It was regarded by the country as an endorsement of the Roosevelt administration, and a determination to continue the Roosevelt policies. For Mr. Taft had been a very conspicuous and highly trusted member of the admin istration, and at all times one of Mr. Roosevelt's two or three closest advisers. Mr. Roosevelt had a very high opinion of all his cabinet officers, but for the statesmanship of THE GREATEST LEADER OF THEM ALL From the Herald (New York) Helping to Choose His Successor 175 The President (to Bryan) . "You'll call me papa, will you?" From the Journal (Detroit) Mr. Root and Mr. Taft he had an especial regard. He ranked them with the great men of the early period of the Republic in respect of attainments, experience and con structive statesmanship. ' WE'VE BOTH HAD A PERFECTLY CORKING GOOD TIME ! " From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) "HE BEGAN IT, TEACHER" — (Messrs. Hearst, Roosevelt, Bryan, and Kern in the campaign) (The National Schoolmaster is somewhat indignant at the prevalence of mudslinging.) From the Saturday Globe (Utica) 176 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ROPED ! From the Spokesman-Review (Spokane) Governor Hughes, who might have had the Vice-Presidency, was unwilling to accept it, and the New York delegation secured the convention's approval of the Hon. James S. Sherman. The ticket of Taft and Sherman was regarded as a little more conservative than Roosevelt himself, and the Democrats were ready to try their chances again under Mr. Bryan's leadership. The old opposition to Bryan within the Democratic party had largely disappeared. There was a strong feeling that the ticket of Bryan and Kern might win against that of Taft and Sherman. Mr. Roosevelt as President could not, of course, go on the stump, but he took an intense and active interest in the work of the campaign, and did his best to refute the claims of Mr. Bryan that he, rather than Taft, was the true exponent of Roosevelt's progressive policies. The election of Mr. Taft was universally hailed as an other Roosevelt victory. It was a notable thing that both Taft and Bryan were presented to the country by their chief exponents as true and fit successors of Roosevelt, in respect of their doctrines and policies and of their personal attitude toward their fellow-citizens at large. The whole campaign as conducted on both sides, — even though it developed the usual asperi ties and heated accusations, — was in reality a tribute to the character of Roosevelt as a national figure who summed up the general aim and common belief of all honest and right-minded men, regardless of party. The controversies of the campaign were not about fundamental things. The Repub licans were accused of receiving campaign contributions from Wall Street, — with con siderable truth, no doubt,— and the opponents of Mr. Taft were annoyed by disclosures connecting some of them with a certain Trust then under government prosecution. But Helping to Choose His Successor 177 THE PRESIDENTIAL HANDICAP !— From the Constitution (Atlanta) (Mr. Bryan is in doubt whether he is running against Mr. Taft or Mr. Roosevelt.) these things were mere incidents, inevitable always in national campaigns. The Roose velt administration was again before the country for endorsement. Taft was part and parcel of that administration, was the choice of Mr. Roosevelt, and was fully ratified by the party. And the country in the election once more gave a vote of its confidence in government of the Rooseveltian stamp. ALONE I DIDN'T DO IT Mr. Taft (breathless but triumphant) you, Teddy!" — From Punch (London) ' Thank ROOSEVELT'S BIGGEST BUBBLE From Pasquino (Turin) 178 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career From Puck. Copyright, 1908. By permission. THE DISPUTED TITLE— WHO OWNS IT? (A cartoon expressing the idea that the great issue of Roosevelt's administration had to do with the attempt of privileged and corporate wealth to control the country's re sources and policies.) CHAPTER XXIV Last Phases of the Administration MR. ROOSEVELT had by no means secured ready acquiescence by Congress in all of his policies, and his last year was full of storm and controversy. Thus in the session before the election of Mr. Taft he had laid down a program of rapid bat tleship construction, less than half of which had been endorsed. Nevertheless he had seen our navy grow to formidable dimensions. Early in 1908, he had sent a great battleship fleet, under Admiral Evans, to make a tour of both South American coasts, then to cross the Pacific to Honolulu, Japan, the Philippines, and China, and to return by way of Australia, the Suez Canal, and the Medi terranean. This project was bitterly criticised, but it was most fortunate in its outcome. Anti-Japanese riots in California had stirred up some feeling of antagonism to the United States among the more ignorant masses in Japan. It was predicted that if our ships entered Asiatic waters, they would encounter those of Japan in hostile action. As it turned out, the fleet was received with enthusiasm wherever it went, and nowhere more than in Japanese waters. Its visits of courtesy at the South American ports, and in the Far East, were felicitous in their strengthening of friendly ties with all the coun tries whose seaports were entered upon the route. For a full year before the end of his term Mr. Roosevelt was using leisure moments ' CONGRESS REFUSES TO APPROPRIATE WH4T THE PRESIDENT RECOMMENDS FOR NEW SHIPS, AND THE .CARTOONIST ATTRIB UTES A SMILE TO JAPAN From the Evening Telegram (New York) JBk w0^^^mMSF" ' 'HIS /M" T. " VESUVIUS " ROOSEVELT (Referring to Mr. Roosevelt's tremendous activity. 1 From Collier's Weekly 180 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career to plan his trip to Africa and to make thor ough preparations for his expedition. His eager looking forward to a year of adven tures in a new field strengthened his cour age for the public business that was press ing upon his attention. The prosecution of the Central and Southern Pacific railroads had been entered upon with a view to break ing up the combination they had formed. A great action was pending for the dis solution of the Standard Oil Company as an illegal trust. Meanwhile one of Mr. Roose velt's judicial appointees, Judge Landis, had imposed an enormous fine upon the Stand ard Oil Company for violation of the law against rebates ; and Judge Grosscup, of the Circuit Court, had reversed Judge Landis' decision. During the campaign the rela tions of the Standard Oil Company to the press and to politics were a topic of violent controversy. The decision of Judge Landis was regarded by the business world as too drastic altogether, and there had grown up a feeling that Mr. Roosevelt was pressing with undue relentlessness a crusade against large business interests. Whether or not there was good reason for this feeling, it involved the last year of Mr. Roosevelt's incumbency in heated argument and more show of temper and feeling than had been aroused at any previous stage in his career. At one time it had been thought that Mr. Roosevelt, in declining a third term ROOSEVELT TO VISIT AFRICA (And the Jungle Folk won't ratify.) From the Press (Philadelphia) SIMPLIFIED SPELLING (Apropos of the New lrork Senatorial situation and the report that Mr. Root may succeed Senator Platt in 1909, and that Mr. Roosevelt may succeed Senator Depew in 1911.) From the Herald (Rochester) \ V A LITTLE- LEGAL ARGUMENT WITH GROSSCUP (Referring to the Standard Oil case) From Judge Last Phases of the Administration 181 as President, might accept a seat in the United States Senate. The term of Senator Platt was to expire on March 4, at the same time as that of the President. But Mr. Roosevelt, although at one time this idea appealed to him, had definitely rejected it, and Secretary Root was the unopposed choice of his party in New York for the Senatorial toga. The last annual message sent to Congress by Mr. Roosevelt in December, 1908, was a document of great length, devoted in the main to a recapitulation of the views and policies which had so strongly characterized his administration. His State papers had been much more extensive, and his formal utterances to Congress and the public more frequent, than those of any of his predeces sors in the Executive office. The message did not serve to abate controversy or to soothe the worn and inflamed nerves of railway presidents or Wall Street bank ers. Business was in the dumps, and some one must be blamed. Congress in the previous session had undertaken to limit the President in the use of secret service funds placed at his disposal for the detection of crime; and the scathing comment made by the President in his message was ill-received in both legislative cham bers. Attempts were made to expunge sections of the message before receiving it and en tering it upon the record of Congress. How ever absurd such proposals might have been, they pointed to a certain bitterness and strain that was to affect the relations of the THE STATIONARY CRUSADER President Roosevelt: "FOLLOW ME!" (or 35,000 words to that effect). See the President's message to Congress. From Punch (London) THE UNITED STATES OF CENTRAL AMERICA,— A GERMAN VIEW President Roosevelt : " Yes, yes, in union there is HANDg ACE0SS THK gEA , Ag CONGREgs gBBS IT , strength.'" From Kladderadatsch (Berlin) From the Constitution (Atlanta) 182 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ^*** "WILL YOU PLEASE HUSH?' From the Herald (New York) Chief Magistrate and the law-making body through the remaining three months of Mr. Roosevelt's term. The attempt of Congress to punish Roosevelt for his message was not successful and produced in the public mind a reaction in his favor. ROUGH ON CATS (The House and the Senate, before and after the Presidential message current is turned on.) From Puck. Copyright 1908. By permission THE WATER'S FULL OF 'EM From the Globe (New York) Last Phases of the Administration 183 "ONE WORD MORE."— AN ENGLISH VIEW President Roosevelt (to Central African fauna) : " Half a moment, while I just throw this off, and then I'm with you." From Punch (London) One of the controversies of that session had to do with the President's old subject, the civil service. In passing a law provid ing for the taking of the Census of 1910, Congress had disregarded the President's advice that the thousands of extra census ^Sy-Wfe^. i 0F LABOR. WI0N»%i; j INTERSTATE bus%e% Shifting of Burden f ROM POOR TO fflCH ' . FROM EMPLOYE TO, I EMPLO/E Ft. - S3™ j+J J$^ ROOSEVELT'S FAREWELL MESSAGE POINTS THE WAY (President Roosevelt, in his last annual message to Congress, makes many recommendations pointing toward the betterment of social and industrial condi tions in the United States.) From the Evening Herald (Duluth) employees should be appointed under civil service rules. In this controversy Mr. Roosevelt finally triumphed. WHO WILL BELL THE CAT? From the North American (Philadelphia) " AFTER YOU ! " Senate and House (tremulously) : "You go first, my dear sir." (Congress took offense at some passages in the President's annual message, and resolved to " re buke" him.) From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) 184 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career (This idea of the result of the controversy between the President and Congress seems to prevail in the minds of a great many people.) Prom the Ohio State Journal (Columbus) He had also succeeded in extending the principle of the merit system to the retention of postmasters appointed to the smaller or fourth-class offices. During all his seven and a half years in the Presidency he had been able, in one way after another, to extend the SPANKED ! (The spanking has evidently hurt " Pa Congress ' more than it has the husky lad.) From the North American (Philadelphia) CONGRESS ASSUMES A FIRM ATTITUDE From the Daily News (Chicago) Last Phases of the Administration 185 NOT SO EASY! (Trying to hit the head, — a new Congressional game.) From the Inquirer (Philadelphia) sphere and improve the working of the civil-service rules, and thus to reduce the evils of the spoils system to comparatively few and small areas. * Several months before his retirement from office it had been announced that his lit erary activities would be resumed, and that his African experiences would be productive of a series of articles to be published in Scrib- ner's Magazine. It was further made known that he would have a regular connection, as a frequent writer and contributing editor, PROTECTING THE CIVIL SERVICE From the Pioneer Press (St. Paul) Lnclk Sam (on the side bench) : "If there's any thing I like, it's an old-fashioned game of ' shinny ' ! " From the Pioneer Press (St. Paul) 186 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career 1 ©W?E§efi the mmumm w.iii."'- -tun'.'iwwnw'ffwwii'iiiini '"«"¦» wuuiiJiitiuiijjuijiiinii JM* 7 TROUBLES BEGIN (There will be the dickens to pay in the Fourth Estate before long.) — From the Sun (Baltimore) with the Outlook, of New York, a widely read weekly periodical edited by Dr. Lyman Ab bott. These announcements are reflected in two or three of the cartoons reproduced in the present chapter of our narration. What may be regarded as the final controversy of his administration had to do with certain newspaper attacks upon the honesty of men connected with the purchase of the French Panama company's assets and the beginnings of our work on the canal. Mr. Roosevelt had made great progress with the work at Panama. He had aban doned the original plan of constructing the canal under the direction of a board of engi neers chosen from civil life and railroad WHEN TEDDY BECOMES AN EDITOR From the Times-Star (Cincinnati) "ISN'T IT A DAISY?" (Apropos of the review of the American battleship fleet by President Roosevelt on its return from the round-the-world trip, February 22, 1909.) From the Record (Philadelphia) Last Phases of the Administration 187 WHY GO TO AFRICA FOR BIG GAME? From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) work, and had turned it over to engineer officers of the regular army, with the most for tunate results. He looked upon the Panama enterprise as in some respects the crowning work of his administration ; and he could not allow libels upon the honesty and good faith of the government and its agents, as respects the Panama Canal, to pass unnoticed. The charges had involved, by express mention, well-known men closely related to the President and to the President-elect; and the charges had thus reflected upon the honor both of Mr. Roosevelt and of Mr. Taft, who, as Secretary of War, was in immediate charge of Panama affairs. Libel suits were entered by direction of President Roosevelt, and while STEADY, TEDDY ! (This also refers to attacks mentioned above.) From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) CHRISTMAS CARDS— From the Eagle(.Brooklyn, N.Y. ) (President Roosevelt's compliments to certain news papers which printed the Panama Canal charges.) 188 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ROOSEVELT WARNS THE CANOEIST (CALIFORNIA) THAT RAPIDS AND ROCKS ARE AHEAD From the Leader (Cleveland) their prosecution was eventually abandoned, they were successful in their essential pur pose. The prompt action taken by Mr. Roosevelt had secured complete retractions; and no stain had been left upon a page of our history that must always be memorable, and should, therefore, be without spot or tarnish. Copyrighted by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. [PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AND THE PRESIDENT-ELECT ENTERING THEIR CARRIAGE AT THE WHITE HOUSE IN A SNOWSTDRM ON MARCH 4, TO GO TO THE CAriTOL CHAPTER XXV Stepping Out of the White House From Puck. Copyrighted 1908. By Permission I'VE HAD A PERFECTLY CORKING TIME! IF any man had ever seen Mr. Roosevelt in a mood of dejection or disheartenment, the fact had never been revealed. He was always the man of confidence and strong heart. It was not that he took his responsibilities recklessly, but he never allowed them to burden or weigh him down. There was never a day, however difficult, when he was not prepared to say of the Presidency, " I like my job," or to declare to friends and foes alike, " I am having a perfectly corking time." 190 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career IN THE WHITE HOUSE ATTIC, AS MOVING TIME APPROACHES Me. Roosevjslt : " I wonder how much of this stuff Bill wants me to leave behind ? " From the Saturday Globe (Utica) Doubtless this was due in large part to his great physical vitality, to the evenness and regularity of his habits of life and work, and to the firmness of a nervous system that was not, like those of most other men, subject to reaction after excitement. In the lan guage of a White House usher, who had served through several administrations, " there LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE From the Daily Tribune (Chicago) Stepping Out of the White House 191 was never any man like him for hard work ; yet no matter how late he was at it every night, he came downstairs each morning as fresh as the dew upon the roses." If Mr. Roosevelt ever had any days or hours of illness, the secret never leaked out. All his work was planned well in advance and finished easily on time. If he had a speech-making tour ahead of him, his dates were well arranged, and the speech to be made at each place had been carefully drafted and put on paper. Some Presidents had never found time while in office to read a book. 'Mr. Roosevelt always kept up with current literature, and was always digging into more or less recondite fields of history and science. He read whole libraries while in the White House, although no one knows how he found the time. He was conversant with early Celtic literature and with the sagas of the Teutonic North. He was more thoroughly familiar than any other American with all books relating in a general way to sportsmanship, travel, and natural history. His constant devotion to the interests and concerns of his family had kept him acquainted also with the books that interest young people and children. At the moment of his leaving the White House and starting on his adventurous jour- .ney to Africa he was, without doubt, more completely and freshly informed about Afri- THE NEWSPAPER MEN AND CARTOONISTS LA MENTING MR. ROOSEVELT'S LEAVING THE WHITE HOUSE. From the yews-Tribune (Duluth) PASSING ON THE TORCH ("Let at least the satisfaction be ours that we have carried onward the lighted torch in our own day and generation If we do this, then, as our eyes close, and we go into the darkness, and other hands grasp the torch, at least we can say that our part has been borne well and valiantly."— From Roosevelt's Lecture at Oxford.) From the Herald (Syracuse) 192 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT, AT THE LINCOLN FARM IN KENTUCKY, FEBRUARY 12, 1909 can hunting, — in so far as knowledge could come from the reading of books and conver sation with sportsmen and travelers, — than any other man in the world. He left the White House with no regrets, and with a sense of having served the country to the best of his ability. And somehow the world did not think of him as a man passing into retirement, or as one who had run his race and finished his course. Everybody was asking what Roosevelt would do next. On February 12, less than a month before ¦* 1 Mr. Roosevelt retired from the Presidency, he went to Hodgenville, Kentucky, to speak ROOSEVELT AT A LINCOLN DINNER IN NEW YORK From the Evening Mail (New York) Stepping Out of the White House 193 WELL BEGUN AND WELL DONE From the Evening Mail (New York) at the farm where Abraham Lincoln was born, a hundred years before. His tribute to Lincoln on that occasion was, in rhetorical form, the most perfect speech he had ever pre pared. Its portrayal of Lincoln's devotion to duty and high qualities as a great President was in some sense a revelation of Mr. Roosevelt's own ideals. It seemed to reflect some thing of the spirit in which, from his entrance into the political life of New York in 1882 through all his successive experiences, to the end of his term in the White House he had' given his own best courage and best effort for what he believed to be right causes ' 194 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career WW: CHAPTER XXVI The Faunal Naturalist in Africa V ,VEN in Africa Mr. Roosevelt was in a certain sense an official of the United States Government. He was the head of a scien tific expedition, author ized by the Smithsonian Institution, to obtain faunal specimens for the National Museum. His expenses were otherwise provided for, but his mis sion was public and offi cial. His preliminary re port, made to Dr. Walcott as head of the Smithson ian, was forwarded from Khartum when the expe dition disbanded. MEETING OF SOVEREIGNS IN THE CENTER OF AFRICA His Majesty, the King of the Deseut : " In the name of that Nobel whose prize covers you with glory, O Teddy, I implore you to spare other thousands of my subjects." From Pasquino (Turin) THEODORUS AFRICANUS From the World (New York) TEDDY AT HOME IN AFRICA (This is a specimen of a great number ot drawings by American cartoonists in the summer and fall of 1909, humorously associating Mr. Roosevelt with the fauna of Africa. ) From the Press (Pittsburg) 195 196 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career BWANA TUMBO ("Bwana Tumbo," the name given to Mr. Roose velt by the African natives, means " Big Chief." and the cartoonist here gives us his idea of Mr. Roose velt arrayed in that character.) From the World (New York) Roosevelt : " Oh, this is bully ! Just think of poor Taft back home wrestling with Congress." From the Neivs-Tribune (Duluth) Mr. Roosevelt has fortunately given us, first in magazine articles in Scribncr's and then in permanent form as a notable volume, under the title " African Game Trails," an account of his experiences and achievements from the time of his leaving New York, March 23, 1909, to his arrival at Cairo in March, 1910. No quest of wild creatures was ever more carefully planned or better justified by its purposes, its methods, and its results. Its success was beyond Mr. Roosevelt's ardent expectations. The first of two results that will best serve to give this expedition a place of its own, memorable and influential, must be the vast collection of African animals and birds that will be the chief treasure of the National Museum at Washington and that will be familiar to young Americans for generations to come. The second result must be the book itself, — written by Mr. Roosevelt while on the ground, — constituting one of the best volumes in the long series of his writings, and also one of the most valuable contribu tions to the literature of animal life and nat ural conditions in Africa. Most of Mr. Roosevelt's experiences were in British East Africa and Uganda, where he came in contact also with British officials, missionaries, and ranchmen, whose fondness for the African wilderness recalled to him his own experiences as a ranchman on the borders of Dakota and Montana. He was MR. ROOSEVELT'S REAL HEROISM From the Inter-Ocean (CK"ago) The Faunal Naturalist in Africa 197 THE AGE OF ACHIEVEMENT From the World (New York) MISSING THE FUN From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) (The announcement of Di. Cook's discovery of the Pole was brought to Roosevelt in Africa, and he received the news with mental reservation and in silence. A few days later the Peary announcement came, and he in stantly cabled his enthusiastic congratulations. Commander Peary made his polar expedition in a ship named the Roosevelt.) intensely interested in race questions, and in all phases of life and nature in the portions of Africa where he sojourned, hunted, and camped. All of his experiences are set down in vivid form upon the fascinating pages of his book, just as other volumes of his tell us with swift and firm narration — but with the discursiveness of a nat uralist who sees the whole environment — all about the hunting of game in our own Western wilds. The habit, to which we have already made reference, of giving immediate, vivid, and REMINISCENT.— From the Herald (Washington) 198 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career charming literary form to all of his active ex periences out of doors, is one of the very best things attributable to his early life in his frontier ranch-house, where he had good books and not too many of them, and the power to see a narra tive worth telling in each well-considered expedition after bear, mountain lion, or other creatures of highland and plain. Accompanying Mr. Roosevelt, as his fellow- members of the scien tific Smithsonian Afri can Expedition en trusted to his charge, were Messrs. Mearns, Heller, and Loring, American naturalists ; and Messrs. Cunninghanie and Tarlton, who were British experts on African hunting and travel. More than 11,000 specimens were secured for the National Museum, including nearly 5000 mammals, — most of them large, about 4000 birds, and a large number of reptiles and smaller creatures. HUNTING A CANDIDATE (Previous to the New York municipal campaign in 1909 there was some talk of tendering the nomination for Mayor to Colonel Roosevelt.) From Coler's Bulletin (Brooklyn. N. Y. ) IN DANGER OF BEING KIDNAPPED \\fy (Apropos of a statement by C. D. O'Brien, a prominent St. Paul Democrat, that the Democratic party will nomi nate and elect Roosevelt President in 1912.) From the News-Tribune. (Duluth) ' BWANA TUMBO " FOR MAYOR From the Press (New York) The Faunal Naturalist in Africa 199 UNANIMOUS (Colonel Roosevelt laying a cornerstone at Kijabe, Africa.) From the Inter-Ocean (Chicago) IN AFRICA AND — IN THE UNITED STATES From the Journal (Minneapolis) The expedition would have been followed through Africa by an army of press rep resentatives but for Mr. Roosevelt's stern insistence. So great, however, was the demand for news that there was some yielding to the tendency to manufacture it on the coast, or else to send to the European and Ameri can papers exaggerated tales based upon half-accurate rumors. ' There was no indis- VALENTINE'S DAY IN AFRICA From the News (Detroit) THE FAUNAL NATURALIST AT WORK From the Traveler (Boston) 200 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Copyright by Charles Scribner'S Sons MR. ROOSEVELT AND ONE OF HIS BIG LIONS (From a photograph by Kermit Roosevelt in Theodore Roosevelt's " African Game Trails,' Charles Scribner's Sons.) published by criminate slaughter of animals, and no departure from the excellent plans originally made. Such plans, obviously enough, took into account all questions of climate, risk of illness, and sanitary precautions. Mr. Roosevelt was accompanied by his son, Mr. Kermit Roose velt, whose skill and prowess as a hunter form a part of the true story of the expedition. Mr. Roosevelt's habit of applying all proper means to the ends that he wished to se cure was perfectly illustrated in the African expedition throughout. Every detail of the itinerary had been planned and every item of equipment had been considered to a nicety. Even the books that he meant to read were carefully selected in advance, and all bound in pigskin, forming a compact little library for entertainment, diversion, and intellectual The Faunal Naturalist in Africa. 201 stimulus in hours of leisure during the African twelvemonth. Thus the results to which we have al luded, — namely, the great Smithsonian col lection of African fauna and the admirable volume on " African Game Trails," together with the building up of physical vigor and the ripening of knowledge concerning colo nial, imperial, and racial problems, as well as knowledge of natural history, — all these' results, and many others, were not in the least matters of " Roosevelt luck " so-called, but were all of them matters of Roosevelt industry, perseverance, and faithful applica tion of the right means to the desired ends. The human family has grown very rap idly during the past century, in spite of that tendency to apply Malthusian checks which, — in highly civilized countries like France and the United States, — has led Mr. Roose velt to utter warnings against what he has called " race suicide." And with the mul tiplication of the members of the human species there has naturally been growth in Copyright by Charles Scribner's Sons MR. ROOSEVELT, RHINO AND BUSTARD From a photograph by Kermit Roosevelt In Theodore Roosevelt's "African Came Trails" published by Charles Scribnerls Sons THE END OF A REMARKABLE EXPEDITION From Hojas Selcctas (Barcelona) the numbers of domesti cated animals. But the wild creatures which had shared with man the vicis situdes of mundane exis tence have perforce be come fewer in numbers and subject to conditions ever more precarious. A knowledge of these fellow creatures, — t heir ways and struggles, — con stitutes a very noble and interesting department of science. Mr. Roosevelt has taught the boys of America, and now also those of Europe as well, not merely to slaughter birds and beasts, but to know about them and to 202 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Copyright, 1910, by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y, MR. ROOSEVELT AS HE APPEARED IN EGYPT have the true attitude of mind towards them. His relation towards these fellow crea tures has always been humane, never cruel. There is always struggle among the animals themselves, whether in the ' American wilderness or in the African jungle. And if mankind had not struggled against power ful beasts of prey, the human race must long ago have perished from the earth. Mr. Roosevelt's teachings and example in all these things, — from the time of his col lege essays and studies as a naturalist, and his early Western hunting trips, down to his last great quest of animals in Africa, — have been of immeasurable value in leading young Americans to the love of enjoyment of out-of-door things, and away from pleasures and occupations that would enervate mind and body. CHAPTER XXVII Strenuously Visiting Old Europe TALK ABOUT BEING PRESIDENT! From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) THE expedition of our hunter and nat uralist came to an end with its ar rival and disbanding at Khartum, on March 14, 191O. Here his wife and daugh ter were awaiting Mr. Roosevelt, as were the representatives of many newspapers, ~i^l THE BIG STICK IN USE AGAIN From tbe Press (Grand Rapids) AS EGYPT SEES HIM From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) 204 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THE AFRICAN COMET (Due to hit New York June 18.) From the American (New York) BACK IN THE OLD PLACE From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) both European and American. The remaining days of March were spent in Egypt; and April, May, and the early part of June were taken up with a memorable tour of Europe. It is the object of this chapter chiefly to bring together some of the amusing carica tures and cartoons that were produced in consequence of a journey that caused more comment than any other of recent times. Our former chapters show how large a fig ure Mr. Roosevelt as President had become -•r^ A SITTER ; OR, BIG GAME TO THE LAST THE SLEEPING CONSERVATIVE, DREAMING OP Mr. Roosevelt :" Steady, Kermit ! We must have one ROOSEVELT, SEES A "BACK FROM ELBA" NIGHTMARE ! From Punch (Londonl . From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) of these." Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 205 ^¦, ^Vpi' Si/ ' :i!iw -•l«,-^. ^^¦''i in the estimation of the world. It was not strange, therefore, that Europe should have manifested a keen in terest in his visit, and that there should have been a general desire to extend a hearty welcome to the best-known and most typical ROOSEVELT AS " CHANTECLER ' From the World (New York) MR. PINCHOT'S COHERENCE WITH COLONEL ROOSEVELT IN EUROPE From the News (Cleveland) MAYBE MR. TAFT'S EARS DIDN'T TINGLE ' From the Sun (Baltimore) 206 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Copyright by the American Press Association, N. Y, KING HAAKON AND COLONEL ROOSEVELT IN ROYAL CARRIAGE LEAVING THE STATION AT CHRISTIANIA Copyright, 1910, by Paul Thompson. N. Y. MR. AND MRS. ROOSEVELT AND THEIR DAUGHTER AT NAPLES Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 207 ROOSEVELT'S WORD TO EUROPE. — From Pasquino (Turin) Roosevelt: "In the name of America I call upon you to disarm!" European Sovereigns (in chorus) : "Why don't you begin yourself?" of Americans as the opportunity offered. In an address at the University of Egypt he told the Nationalists what preparation for self-government meant ; and was naturally criti- A STRENUOUS VISITATION OF OLD EUROPE From the Herald (Boston) 208 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career CONQUERING CONTINENTS From the Times (New York) cised by hot-headed patriots for giving some excellent counsel. For the Egyptians to seek independence at the present time would mean chaos and ruin; and Mr. Roosevelt's words of praise for England's usefulness in Egypt were wisely spoken, and at the time and place where they could serve the best use. LIKE TO SEE ANYBODY BEAT THAT FOR TEN MINUTES' WORK (Apropos of some expressions by Colonel Watterson on the subject of Roosevelt.) From the Pioneer Press (St. Paul) ALL THINGS TO ALL MEN From the American (New York) Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 209 THE BARNUM OF HIMSELF.— Fisehietto (Ex-President Roosevelt, on his return from Africa, has traveled through Europe to show off his menagerie of stuffed animals. Why not capture him at Hamburg? The professional trainers could make the bunglers pay dear by taking him on a tour through the United States to make the Yankees open their eyes in amazement.) WILL THIS BE THE CROWNING TRIUMPH? (The cartoonist of Fisehietto, an illustrated weekly published in Turin, is of opinion that an appropriate and up-to-date way for Colonel Roosevelt to return to the United States would be by means of an aeroplane.) Mr. Roosevelt was received with honor and cordiality by rulers and by people throughout Italy. His visits in Naples and Rome were notable, and he found ovations awaiting him at Milan, Genoa, and Venice. He was received with the highest honors at Vienna; and at Budapest and elsewhere in Hun gary there was boundless enthusiasm among a people who remembered well the story of • HERE'S THE LION-HUNTER " -And the stone lions are fleeing for their lives ! From Kakas Marion (Budapest) HE WAS NOT BORN A RULER, BUT, STILL, HE IS A BORN RULER" From Bolond Islok (Budapest) BETTER 210 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career WELCOME, MR. ROOSEVELT What is Roosevelt's daughter, say? Lady, lady, lady ! What is Kermit, smooth and gay? Pretty, pretty, pretty ! Who's our darling of to-day? Teddy, Teddy, Teddy ! What are we for Roosevelt play? Ready, ready, ready ! From Klods-IIans (Copenhagen) (The Floh, Vienna's best known cartoon weekly, in its "Roosevelt edition " pictures Uncle Sam announcing that our " most glorious Presidents " have been Washington, Monroe, Lincoln, McKinley, and Roosevelt.) ¦^0^^J , J i cm J K? fcisft gKjl" fw 1 ,^==^-xt WM '"W~tm^ ~h?Jpp /flK ^H iM (hBRI^ 41 hk''^ ii |HE ¦Km/- BP^*M .iff. il we :M/MJ IP 6 P^j «i«~ -.:'... .¦' .'-."' .... "•^ PEACE AT ANY COST MR. ROOSEVELT'S ADMIRATION FOR VIENNA , ,, . (According to FZo7i, Mr. Roosevelt was so charmed with (Apropos of Colonel Roosevelt's address on peace at y.enna that he ^ ^.^ {o £orego £uture American Copenhagen) honors and accept the position of Mayor of the Austrian From the American (New York) capital.) Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 211 HOLLAND'S CORDIAL RECEPTION \ Roosevelt : " All this seems very familiar to me.'' The Dutch Nation : " It is the home of your ancestors. You are thrice welcome." From Der Amsterdammer (Amsterdam) 212 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career THE FRENCHMAN GETS A STRENUOUS SHAKE Roosevelt (shaking hands vigorously with M. Briand, to the latter's discomfort) : " In democracies, my dear Briand, it is necessary to be energetic." From Le Rire (Paris) SO UNUSUAL! " How is this, my dear Teddy, you are going without borrowing three or four hundred millions? Is it possible that you were not satisfied with your reception?" From Le Rire (Paris) THE SCHOOLMASTER ABROAD Examinee Roosevelt : " Kindergarten class In science of government is now dismissed." From the World (Toronto) "EMPHASIZING THE OBVIOUS" IN PARIS Mr. Roosevelt (addressing the Sorbonne) : " Educated folk know more than ignoramuses ; peace is less bloody than war ; rich men are not poor ; race suicide is one of the causes of decline in population," etc. From Le Rire (Paris) v V Sj s> -o O o > « -o -o O "0 o * **2S* WAR AND PEACE IN HIS HANDS,— A POLISH VIEW From Mucha (Warsaw) THE COMING GUEST The Kaiser : " You boys will have to eat in the kitchim to-day ; I expect company." From the Herald (Syracuse) Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 213 GETTING NERVOUS AS TEDDY APPROACHES The Kaiseb (to his Chief of Police) : "You're sure the fire alarms are all O.K.?" From the Journal (Detroit) Kossuth's reception in the United States. The sympathy of Hungary was to be expected. The many European cartoons that are reproduced in this chapter indicate at once the amusement, liking, and aroused curiosity of the intelligent public all the way from Italy to ALL READY TO RECEIVE ROOSEVELT From the American (New York) THE COMPLIMENT SUPREME From the Eagle (Brooklyn) 214 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career ROOSEVELT IN BERLIN Roosevelt : " You are aware, my dear William, that I have already had an opportunity of speaking my mind to the other notions. In the interest of our work for peace I would recommend to you this exclusive use for tho spiked helmet, especially in Alsace ! " From Nebelspalter (Zurich) DIRDS OF A FEATHER,— TEDDY AND THE KAISER From the Inquirer (Philadelphia) SONS OF THE WAR GOD Mars : " Bless you, my children." From the Spokesman-Review (Spokane) SPEAKING THROUGH EUROPE' From Kladderadatsch (Berlin) Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 215 EMPEROR WILLIAM AND COLONEL ROOSEVELT AT DOBERITZ ON MAY 11 (It was on this occasion that the Emperor, addressing Colonel Roosevelt, said : " My friend, it is my great delight to welcome you in the presence of my guards and my army. I want you to realize that you are the first private citizen to review German troops." Then turning to the assembled officers, he said : " Gentleman, it is a great honor for us to have among us the distinguished Colonel of the American Rough Riders.") Copyright by the American Press Association, N. Y. JIR ROOSEVELT WITH AMBASSADORS BACON AND JUSSERAND AND OTHER DISTINGUISHED MEN AT THE TOMB OP NAPOLEON 216 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Ein Uebef Besiich. 9ioofe»dts Oorfrag in Serlin: .Die Utlldjlen bes Surgery cincr fcoitflKuHoneUen JHonardjIr THE EX-PRESIDENT'S MODESTY ' Do not forget, gentlemen, that I am only a plain American citizen." From Vlk (Berlin) ..fflinlorbs unb (gentlemen! Gijtens tiat biejer iRiitget bas [tolje Se(b[tbemunt[etn 3« seigen, bas tf|m [ein ouf Me aioKsoertictunj geitiitjtes per[onlid)es !Red)t oetteibt, bann aber aud) jene fiingabe ju berceijen, bercn nur etn ed)t tbmgstreues (Semiit fdt)ig tft! SJlonnba jt mufj et ielbjt bent I i) t o n e gegeniiber mit Dcmn e r = morten fetne inbtoibuelle iDtetnung oertreten — anbeieifeits mug itm abet aud) jenes mattne (5efubl fiir bas angeitammte 5ieuIdKtbaus be-. [eelen.basetneSolQeeiidjetnung bet X>emut nor ben goth getoollten Mbljangigletten batttellt. • 9IIs 33iirgcr eines foriititutiiv. nellen 6tdates [oil et both er. baben iibet bent Iletnlicben !8et= langen nad) bobetet Sin. ettennung [teljn — bod) foil er trofebem ein $Ia&djen auj [einem, 3"™ anbeten let! monardjt[d) gejlnntert Sj«jen frei^olten. too ein Rtan} oegtiirlenber Chcenjeidjen unb Betorationen jebeijeit Maura finbet! m.br. ROOSEVELT AS THE ' " WILD HUNTER " IN THE ROYAL GERMAN PALACE— From Vlk (Berlin) ROOSEVELT'S BERLIN ADDRESS (A German humorous view of Colonel Roosevelt making his address at the University of Berlin, on May 12.) v From Kladderadatsch (Berlin) Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 217 teS^VKlT^^S THE COLONEL'S DASH THROUGH EUROPE " Have you seen him passing by?" From the Eagle (Brooklyn) TELLING HUNTER'S TALES IN THE WIGWAM ON THE SPREE Roosevelt (to Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg)': "Pic ture my predicament, my dear Bethmann-Hollweg ; on my right an alligator was preparing to rush at me ; on my left crouched a lion ; over me a vulture hovered, and un der me crawled a rattlesnake, — how do you think I saved myself? By good luck I had with me a newspaper con taining your election franchise proposal. I read it aloud, and the' wild beasts promptly turned tail and fled in a panic. I was saved ! "— From Jugend (Munich) NOT WORRYING OVER THE VATICAN INCIDENT Roosevelt : " I have been to Rome, and have not seen the Pope." From Der Floh (Vienna) (This, of course, is in no way expressive of Mr. Roose velt's feeling, for he had hoped to pay his respects at the Vatican.) BACK TO EUROPE WITH HIS AFRICAN SPOIL (The view of Kladderadatsch, Berlin) 218 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career Norway, and from Hungary to the British Isles. It was in Paris, on the 23d of April, that Mr.' Roosevelt de livered his. address on, " Citizenship in a Republic," as had b,een planned long in advance. From Paris the journey was continued, by way of Belgium and Holland, to the Scan dinavian countries. His reception in Holland was especially heart)- be cause of his own Dutch ancestry. At Christiania, following visits and royal receptions in Copenhagen and Stockholm, he made an. address TEDDY'S LAST RESORT (Mr. Roosevelt had a temporary hoarseness in Germany) (In order not to run the risk of again being without a voice through strain of speech-making, poor Roosevelt will have to rely for the moment upon the invention of another great American — illustrious Edison For a premier such as he would like to be, this hoarseness is a great bore.) From Fisehietto (Turin) LONGED-FOR LAURELS The Kaisee : " Ah, Teddy, if I only could talk as you did before you got hoarse." From Kladderadatsch (Berlin) TEDDY IN EUROPE " The critic of monarchs." From Kladderadatsch (Berlin) Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 219 FROM A SNAPSHOT IN EUROPE upon world peace, in recognition of his hav ing received the Nobel Prize. The death of King Edward of England Mr.. Roosevelt : " Mornin', Brer Terrapin ! " changed his plans somewhat, but he pro- City tubtle : "Mornin', Colonel! Guess you ain't ceeded to Berlin, where he was privately re ceived and entertained by the Kaiser, in com pany with whom he reviewed a body of THE " FREEDOM " OF THE CITY goin' to lie low and say nuffin Ma. Roosevelt: "Well, what do you think? From Punch (London) 1:1,4 NOT TAKING ANY CHANCES (In advance of the great hunter's arrival in England, the public statuary has been surrounded by guards and duly labeled " Not to be Shot ! ") From Punch (London) 220 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career German troops, and where on May 12 (the Emperor attending) he addressed the University of Ber lin on " The World Movement." In the meanwhile, President Taft had notified him by cable of his appointment as a special am- THE CAMEL AND THE EYE OF A NEEDLE— From the Daily Dispatch (London) Teddy (to John Bull) : "You'll never coax him with that soft stuff. Take a stick to him." bassador to England to represent the United States at the funeral of King Edward. He arrived in London on May 16, and his ambassadorial rank, together with his own pres tige, made him one of the most conspicuous of the personages who were in official attend ance at the royal funeral. A few days later he received a degree at the University of Cambridge, and on May 31 he was granted the freedom of the city of London, making an address in the Guildhall, in which he discussed especially England's status in Egypt. The Bishop Brno : " Won't you come and have a shot at us? " From the Westminster Gazette (London) JOHN BULL AND HIS TEDDY BEAR From the Westminster Gazette (London) Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 221 THE WISDOM OF THE WEST From Punch (London) 222 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career " ENGLAND, AWAKE ! " From the World (New York) MOSES IN THE (JOHN) BULL RUSHES (A new law-giver appears in the land of Egypt.) From Le Rire (Paris) THE ENTOMOLOGIST From the Sun (Baltimore) JOHN BULL FROM MR. ROOSEVELT'S POINT OF VIEW From the Morning Leader (London) MULTUM EX PARVO Filipino (reading Mr. Roosevelt on the proper manage ment of Egypt) : "Splendid! There's nothing he don't know about empire ! And to think that he picked it all up from me!" ("J. odylse you only in accordance with the principles on which I have myself acted in dealing with the Philip pines. — Mr. Roosevelt at the Guildhall ) From Punch (London) Strenuously Visiting Old Europe 223 JOHN BULL'S PARTING HANDSHAKE From the Inquirer (Philadelphia) His endorsement of a firm policy on the part of the British Government in the land of the Nile became a matter of world-wide comment and argument. The British Prime Minister, some time after Mr. Roosevelt's BOTH HANDS FULL (After the much-discussed Guildhall speech, for which Colonel Roose.yel,t received both praise and blame.) From th'e Eagle (Brooklyn), departure for America, commended the speech on the floor of Parliament; and it produced a visible effect upon public opinion as regards England's mission in Egypt and bur own in the Philippines. On June 7, at the University of Oxford, he delivered the Romanes lecture, which was the primary occasion of his visit to England, his subject being " Bio logical Analogies in History." A day or two later he set sail for New York. ' SAYING GOOD-BYE TO EUROPE " For he's a jolly good fellow ! " From the Post-Intelligencer (Seattle) 224 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career EX-PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AND MAYOR GAYNOR OF NEW. YORK CITY (As they appeared on the occasion of the Mayor's greeting to the returning traveler at the official reception, Saturday, June 18, at the Battery.) CHAPTER XXVIII His Home-Coming and Welcome HOMEWARD BOUND " This is my own, my native land " From the Times-Star (Cincinnati) IN Europe the plain people had received Roosevelt gladly everywhere. The Eu ropean enemies of America -have al ways been among the rulers and privileged classes. The United States has meant to the workman and the peasant of Europe the land of opportunity and of promise, and Roose velt's name had become familiar as that of the man typifying the best things in the life of the American people. The European press had received Roosevelt with interest, curiosity, and expressions of amusement more or less P-olite. His address at the Guildhall, which was admirable in form and spirit, quite shocked the British newspapers because it was the con ventional British thing to^ appear shocked. In reality, nobody was in the srnallest degree per turbed or offended. OLD EUROPE RESTING AT LAST! From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) ' I CAN'T SEE HIM, BUT I THINK I CAN HEAR HIM ! " From the Inquirer (Philadelphia) 226 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career IN PASSING (Colonel Roosevelt, on the homeward voyage, takes ad vantage of the opportunity to deliver a lecture to old Neptune on "How to Run the Ocean.") From the American (New York) SIGHTED ! From the Evening World (New York) RELIEF IN SIGHT From the Herald (Washington) AWAITING THE TRAVELER'S RETURN From the Post (Pittsburg) His Home- Coming and Welcome 227 ^ ^L. r^->- V '' <"*> o 0 ( y ¦IftR'Mff fS- /^u^.'^ New YoBK to Me. Roosevelt: "Good-morning, Colonel!" — From the Eagle (Brooklyn, N. Y.) RELIEF ! From the Daily News (Chicago) WONDER WHAT THEY ARE LOOKING FOR? From the Inquirer (Philadelphia) 228 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career DELIGHTED ! From tbe Journal (Minneapolis) BACK FROM ELBA From the News-Scimitar (Memphis) But much more important than Europe's casual impressions, and the comments of the European press, was the sort of effect upon the state of mind of his own countrymen that Mr. Roosevelt's return was destined to produce. His last year in the White House had been difficult, and many of the newspapers had been harsh in their criticisms. The President is a man of great power by virtue of the bearings his office has upon the for tunes of hundreds of thousands of men who are of some consequence in their own com munities. When Mr. Roosevelt refused another term and his successor was duly elected people began to think of the man who was coming into power and who was already choos ing his official associates, rather than of the man who was not only laying down the THE UNITED STATES WILL PLEASE COME TO ORDER ! From the Herald (Washington) Insurgent and Regular, Both : " You wait till Roose velt gets here ; he'll fix you ! " From the Oregonian (Portland) His Home-Coming and Welcome 229 UNCLE SAM'S "WELCOME HOME" TO ROOSEVELT (Homer Davenport in New York Evening Mail) 230 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career From the Eagle ( Brooklyn 1 sceptre of rule, but who was also going into a voluntary exile, banishing himself to the heart of Africa, in order that there might be no man able to say that Roosevelt out of office was still trying to order the affairs of the country. There was widespread interest in his African movements, but only scanty news. Not one word of authorized interview, or of comment upon American affairs or his own intentions, did Mr. Roosevelt utter during his entire absence. Many business men through out the country, led by Wall Street, had ex- pressed themselves, with rather brutal frankness, as happy to have Mr. Roosevelt go to Africa. They were eager to enter upon the expected years of calm ness and unruffled busi- ness prosperity that were sure to come with the wise and steady ad ministration of Taft, succeeding the head strong and turbulent years of the Rough Rider in leadership of the nation. It is not the Presi dent alone, however, who makes our polit- i c a 1 and financial weather. Mr. Taft's first year was stormier than any one of Mr. Roosevelt's seven and a half 3'ears. This was for many reasons ; some of which were subject to Mr. Taft's control. Many of them, how ever, were beyond his power. It happened, never theless, that just as Wall Street and the people whose state of MUTUAL GREETING From the Times-Star (Cincinnati) His Home- Coming and Welcome 231 Copyright, 1910, by P. 1-'. Collier & Son " HURRAH FOR TEDDY ! " (The welcome awaiting him at the hands of the people.) From Collier's Weekly mind is determined by the business barometers had formed the habit of abusing Mr. Roosevelt with extreme exaggeration, even so had they in one short year begun to abuse Mr. Taft quite as unsparingly. And since Mr. Taft was the man at the helm, it was easy enough to forget the other man's faults and to wish that he were steering the ship again. And so a good many of the men who had been willing to have Roosevelt exile him self, but who had not been willing in March, 1909, to go down the harbor to bid him God- TIIE NON-PARTISAN RECEPTION (In accordance with Colonel Roosevelt's wishes, his re ception was entirely non-partisan.) From the Record (Philadelphia) HOME AGAIN! From the World (New York) 232 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career HIS PROGRESS HOMEWARD SWAMPING THE COLONEL! From the Press (New York) speed, were quite elated to find themselves appointed to serve on the large reception committee of June, 1910; and down the har bor they cheerfully went, to welcome Mr. Roosevelt back home with effusion, if not with life-long affection. The country as a whole, however, wel comed him home with an enthusiasm and a devotion that were sincere beyond any doubt. He was greeted with an applause that rang true in every State and Territory. Nothing of its kind so impressive had ever been seen in New York as the crowds that lined the route of his drive from the Battery up Broadway to Central Park at high noon of June 18, 1910. It would be easy to make up a volume of the clever and amusing cartoons drawn for the American newspapers in the few days just before and just after Mr. Roosevelt's TAKING ON THE PILOT From Collier's Weekly His Home-Coming and Welcome 233 From Collier's Weekly arrival. We have selected a few of these, in order to give some impression of the spirit and character of the country's greeting. It was deeply gratifying to Mr. Roosevelt to be welcomed home with such heartiness; and the little speech he made, in response to Mayor Gaynor's formal but kindly words of welcome, must be recorded in these pages as belonging to our condensed chronicle of Roosevelt's career. The speech in full was as follows : I thank you, Mayor Gaynor. Through you I thank your committee, and through them I wish to thank the American people for their greeting. I need hardly say I am most deeply moved by the reception given me. No man could receive such a greeting Copyright, 1910, by Harper & Brothers " MY BOY ! " (Uncle Sam's welcome to ex-President Roosevelt.) From Harper's Weekly Crawn », f & Coopl THE RETURN FROM ELBA From Collier's Weekly Uncle Sam : " How's the boy? " From the Inquirer (Philadelphia) 234 Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career without being Father Knickerbocker From " Come to my arms, my beamish boy ! the World (New York) made to feel both very proud and very humble. I have been away a year and a quarter from America, and I have seen strange and interesting things alike in the heart of the frowning wilderness and in the capitals of the mightiest and most highly polished of civilized nations. I have thor oughly enjoyed myself, and now I am more glad than I can say to get home, to be back in my own country, back among the people I love. And I am ready and eager to do my part, so far as I am able, in help ing solve problems which must be solved if we of this the greatest democratic Republic upon which the sun has ever shone are to see its destinies rise to the high level of our hopes and its opportunities. This is the duty of every citizen, but it is peculiarly my duty; for any man who has ever been honored by being made President of the United States is thereby forever after ren dered the debtor of the American people, and is bound throughout his life to remember this as his prime ob ligation, and in private life as much as in public life, so to carry himself that the American people may never have cause to feel regret that once they placed him at their head. On the following page is a picture of Mr. Roosevelt in the act of uttering these ap propriate words. The meaning of the statement was clear beyond a doubt. Mr. Roose velt meant as ex-President to serve his country as best he could, doing everything in his power to promote progress and justice, without seeking anything for himself. Uncle Sam : " Just ns I expected, Teddy ! Associating with Emperors and Kings hasn't changed you one par ticle ! " — From the Press (New York) EN ROUTE AGAIN From the World (New York) His Home- Coming and Welcome 235 Photograph by the American Pi ess Assn MR. ROOSEVELT SPEAKING IN RESPONSE TO MAYOR GAYNOR'S ADDRESS OF WELCOME Photograph by Brown Bros. THE WELCOMING CROWDS ON BROADWAY, JUNE 18 236 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career WHEN TEDDY COMES MARCHING HOME From the Journal (Detroit) NEW YORK AT LAST ! From the Jersey Journal (Jersey City) Uncle Sam : " We were wondering what to do with you.' T. R. : " Leave that to me ! " — Philadelphia Press. His Home-Coming and Welcome 237 Fjj BZZ v 7aK~ 1 rwfe£; ' 4ISj Ik ... : '¦¦ f -: i V v"': Sj Ij ^k ig ''"• :'«f • ' • rl ¦ i Wi i » '" ". ¥d I ** J< — ~ ¦* *¦ . t '.¦•,'¦ k1 Ii A 1 ^ Ta. ; *F ¦¦' ~"m[' ¦¦ V^L * 1 U^E fe|; mT Photograph by Brown Bros. THE ROUGH RIDERS GREETING THEIR COLONEL HIS GREATEST HONOR (Roosevelt's enthusiastic reception on landing at New York.) From the Herald (Boston) Photograph by the American Press Assn. RECOGNIZING FRIENDS EN ROUTE 238 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career HOME AGAIN ! From the Evening News (Newark) Copyright by the American Press Association, N. V. SAGAMORE HILL, MR. ROOSEVELT'S HOME, AS IT WAS IN THE SUMMER OF 1910 CHAPTER XXIX An Ex-President in His Active Retirement UJO' THE FAITH OF THE COMMON PEOPLE " Now that Roosevelt is home again, every thing will be all right." From the North American (Philadelphia) FOR ex-Presidents there is no es tablished code of duty or of eti quette. It has come to be well understood that a Vice-President should be dignified, without seeming to be as piring or expectant, and without allow ing himself to be influential. What ex- Presidents, however, ought to do, be sides remembering that they are to set an example of dignity and of unselfish devotion to country, is a question that has always been debated but never conclusively answered. There are those who would make our ex-Presidents Senators for life. There GOODNESS! CAN THIS BE THE ORIGINAL BIG STICK? From the Oregonian (Portland) 240 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career 0i\ £\^ Jmm mm&Wi WUmJWJW^ m ¦H t~s£S^r • ^ ^JWMi^i^r^^^ , 1^157 €f ^m iL 'Ye gods— what a change!" " You're not the little chap 1 knew a year ago ¦- :?^ fclta^^^ 3 ^c'''1 '!wl ¦ WmWT1V ^T& ^>-./' ^r^H ^H ^PwL ^ ^e; if ' '"'•¦fi , r "" mHw?' *' f] » i ^Sfbife ^^ m3m£^ -^ 'My old puddin* chummy" "Suffering snakes — is that my old home?" ' Why, Uncle Joe, how you have shrunk ! " "And I left it a flourishing Institution THEODORE IN WONDERLAND (A YEAR'S CHANGES) Prom Collier's Weekly (New York) An Ex-President in His Active Retirement 241 I WILL KEEP SILENT FOR HIS FORMER MASTER'S VOICE Prom the Pioneer Press (St. Paul) IS IT POSSIBLE? (In response to numerous questions, Mr. Roosevelt an nounced on returning from abroad that he would have nothing to say on political subjects for two months.) From the Press (Philadelphia) are others who would not permit them to hold any kind of public office. John Quincy Adams, after leaving the White House, in 1829, was elected to the House of Represen- JDST A CASE OF NERVES From the Herald (Washington) J-immtf BACK ON THE JOB AGAIN From the Traveler (Boston) Roosevelt (to Uncle Sam) : " Come, little boy, and take your medicine." From Judge 242 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career President Tafi to Colonel Roosevelt : " I, too, have not been idle." (Mr. Taft presents his little bills. — Railroad, Statehood, Postal-Savings Banks and Conserva tion. ) From the Record-Herald (Chicago) than two years after his retirement in 1885. President Hayes retired to his country home in Ohio, in 1881, after four years in the White House, and died in 1893. He was highly useful, for twelve years, in many causes of philanthropy and edu cation. General Grant was an ex-President for eight years, and most of that period was actively spent in a blaze of publicity. His tour around the world occupied more than two years, from May 17, 1877, to November 12, 1879. He was received with the highest honors in all the coun tries he visited. In the years immediate ly following he visited Mexico and Cuba, and was a United States commissioner to make a commercial treaty with Mexico. In 1880 he was again a candidate for the Presidency, his name holding together a large body of delegates through thirty-six tatives, where he served for eighteen years, — until his death, — as a conten tious and eloquent mem ber of Congress. President Cleveland was sixty years old when he left the White House in 1897, and he died at the age of seventy-one. His quiet and consistent life at Princeton was not without its relation to public opinion and the country's affairs; but his health was not vigorous, and his life as an ex-Presi dent was private rather than public. President Harrison practiced law and wrote an excellent book on con stitutional government in the short period of life re maining to him after leav ing office in 1893. Presi dent Arthur lived less I WANT 70 J -fTr was just KNOW flU I ntfe-rmS RB0OT «T J TrfeopoRe wish Vou could MEET HY FRIE.NO, vvrt HELM HE^T BULLY FELLOW 10 LIKE To INTRODUCE »U To Trfg MtKflDO.TED, HE'S MO MotlVCODrM ORTUt PROWESS Of THE« C0U£CiE5 T. R. HAD A PRIVATE INTERVIEW WITH PRESIDENT TAFT. WAS THE SUBJECT OF CONVERSATION? WHAT From the Spokesman-Revieic (Spokane) An Ex-President in His Active Retirement 243 l iV THE ACCOUNTING T. R. to Taft: "Well, how did this happen? What! From the Sun (Baltimore) IF FEET HAD EARS (Mr. Roosevelt visits President Taft at Beverly) From the Ohio State Journal (Columbus) ballots. In the period of illness before his death, he wrote his memoirs, without dreaming of the importance of this contribution to our knowledge of the Civil War and of his own career. Of the earlier ex-Presidents, Jefferson was by far the most influential. He retired from the Presidency in March, 1809, and died July 4, 1826. His seventeen years of re tirement were spent, for the most part, at his Virginia home, Monticello; but he was during all that time the real head of the great political party to which he belonged, and his relation to public affairs was constant and important. In this period of retirement, also he founded and created the University of Virginia, and produced much that appears in his collected writings. Roosevelt -Billt.I've SnEoTbuTiRsr"" ¦^s^liiiT-IWta.Twr; THBRE'S ONLY A LITTLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM From the Meddler (Cincinnati) 244 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career " I'VE GOT TO SEE HIM ! " From the Evening News (Newark) Tohn AH Tu COmcidenc^ ex-President The SICK REPDELICArELEPHANT ¦ " Dollars t d h dl>d U T" ( ^ °f ^^ ^^ Ad*™) la^rdi°/T Bay! Wond" « ™ ""' weTto ^ °n the same ^y as Jefferson. He had id? Id like to get a few words of mmfm( ,„_ „t0 been an tt-Pr«;^^ *__ . . ~ U d^o," " 'Ike t0 Set a few words °f «•»*>* froTthe0 been an ex-President for twenty-five years Fr '¦""'"-"-¦' ' and hls almost complete withdrawal from nnhlic off-*,.-.- From Collier's Weekly (New York) nnhi.v a • K vviumrawai trom public affairs was in marked contrast HURRY, DOCTOR! From the Eagle (Brooklyn) " THINGS HAVEN'T BEEN THE SAME. THEODORE - From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) An Ex- President in His Active Retirement 245 THE PEACEMAKER " Gitche Manito, the mighty, Calls the tribes of men together, Calls the warriors to his council By the signal of the peace-pipe." (Apropos of Colonel Roosevelt's numerous visitors, from all factions of the Republican party.) From the Eagle (Brooklyn) THE COLONEL AND HIS BOOKS (Theodore Roosevelt held conferences to-day with State Senator Cobb, Congressman Parsons, and other politicians. After his visitors left Colonel Roosevelt said : " We have had some very interesting talks on literature." — Dispatch from New York.) From the Sun (Baltimore) with Jefferson's varied' and vital activities. President Jackson, after his eight years in the White House, imitated Washington ALL ROADS LEAD TO OYSTER BAT From the Journal (Minneapolis) 246 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Career in the issuing of a farewell address to the nation, and retired to his home called the Hermitage, near Nashville, Tenn. Like Mr. Roosevelt, he had influence enough to select, nominate, and help elect his successor; and he remained an influential public personage during the remaining eight years of his life. An exceedingly active and untiring ex- THE ANNOUNCEMENT AND ITS EFFECT Colonel Roosevelt is to make a speech in the Indiana campaign. — News item from the Tribune (South Bend) WELL, WHAT ARE YOU BOYS HANGING AROUND FOR: From the Leader (Cleveland) ^^a "WE'VE BEEN TO OYSTER BAY! O.K. ! O.K. ! O.K. ! " From the Plain Dealer (Cleveland) President was Jackson's successor, Martin Van Buren. He was Presi dent from 1837 to 1841 — running for a second term in 1840 but beaten by William Henry Harrison, of the opposing party. Four years later, in 1844, Van Buren was again a candidate before the Democratic convention, where he had a clear ma jority of the delegates but was unable, on account of the " two-thirds rule," to win the nomination. He had opposed the annexa tion of Texas, and the Southern Democrats An Ex- President in His Active Retirement 247 ANOTHER DARING FLIGHT? From the Leader (Cleveland) THE JUDGMENT OF A SOLOMON From the -World-Herald (Omaha) nominated and elected James K. Polk against Henry Clay. By 1848, ex-President Van Buren had gone over to the Free Soil movement, and was the Presidential nominee of the new party. His candidacy won no electoral votes, but it defeated the Democrats and put the Whigs into power. He was an active supporter of Pierce in 1852, of Buchanan in 1856, and stood with his party against Lincoln in i860. But he became a War Demo crat, supporting Lincoln's policies until his own death in 1862, at his country home near Kinderhook, New York. However men may differ as to the public uses to make of an ex-President, most KEEPING THE OLD ELEPHANT WORRIED From the Picayune (New Orleans) WHICH WAY? From the Record (Fort Worth) 248 A Cartoon History of Roosevelt's Carreer men of thought and experience would agree that there ought to be some salary or pension granted him, — as to a retired judge, — u n t i 1 his death. Mr. Monroe and General Grant were not the only ex- Presidents whose last days were more or less clouded by financial difficulties. Mr. Roose velt, returning to the plaudits and greetings of a friendly nation, was subject to extraor dinary expenditures by reason of those numer ous demands of hos pitality, correspondence, travel, and the like, that a public man cannot evade. Mr. Roosevelt had agreed, before going abroad, to make use of a room in the edi torial, offices of the Outlook, a weekly family paper published in New York, and to con tribute to the paper as he might be able. He had also to put his new book through the press, and to prepare the speeches which he had agreed to make at the John Brown cele bration in Kansas, the Conservation Congress at St. Paul, and on other occasions, at the end of August and in the months of September and October. AS IT WAS AS IT MAY BE From the Spokesman Review (Spokane) RESTING From the Traveler (Boston) THE STRENUOUS CONTRIBUTOR From the Inter-Ocean (Chicago) An Ex-President in His Active Retirement 249 rfON-AWW* « SW»MT CAMfBOWN 1HB HILL VESTBRDAV. HE WAS ALL &MILE& 'I CAIMOT 3/W »1HATPAM«I BETWetd ME ANDTHECOL. BUT i Art WILLING To AOMIT. IF HARD Pfttft»CO.THflT^I>ie OOL. HA» PHOMOEt ME HIS SUPPORT,* SAIB Tr« HON /MANIAS. 6EN- W105S&ACK.OF THE OLD GUARD, CAME OOWM SAGAMORE HILL YWIAOT' SMILINS.BFiCAOLY. HE REFVSE&TO TA« POR PUBLICATION Affll TOU1) A Reporter that thi col,, had promised him ms support. RlPmSENTATTVE 36A», M BOSSES' LAST HOPE, CAME DOWN THE HILL KESTJ-AJAY ME U>05BSEJI OP Hl» SROad SMlkE u>46 E^°0