efe: Boo/a College- in, this Colony? Healy Memorial Library ROBBIA HERALDRY Princeton Monographs in Art and Archaeology ROBBIA HERALDRY BY ALLAN MARQUAND » » \ PROFESSOR OF ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1919 Copyright, 1919, by Princeton University Press for the United States of America Printed by Princeton University Press Princeton, N. J., U.S. A. Published April, 1919 ~7\8 TO MY FRIEND RUFUS GRAVES MATHER TO WHOSE RESEARCHES I AM INDEBTED FOR ALL OF THE DOCUMENTS AND FOR MANY IDENTIFICATIONS OF COATS OF ARMS PUBLISHED IN THIS VOLUME CONTENTS PAGE I. Introduction ix II. Catalogue of Monuments I III. Bibliography and Index 301 I. INTRODUCTION In attempting to define the authorship and date of the very numerous products of the Delia Robbia school I have been embarrassed by the lack of documentary and historical evidence and consequently have usually been compelled to rely on the evidence of style alone. I count it most fortunate for these studies that my friend Mr. Rufus G. Mather, residing in Florence, was prepared to devote his energies to the discovery of documents, which in many cases have proved to be invaluable: These he is publishing in Italian periodicals while I am utilizing them in these Princeton monographs. A much neglected series of Robbia monuments are the coats of arms, which are found on altarpieces and other monuments, or set up as memo rials of office on the Communal Palaces of many Italian towns. These coats of arms not only throw light upon the activities, religious and po litical, of many aristocratic families of Tuscany, but with them are asso ciated dated inscriptions, which assist us in fixing the period of undated monuments. Robbia Heraldry, as a special department of a broader Italian Heraldry, is specifically Tuscan, and limited to the productions of a school of artists who worked almost entirely in glazed terra-cotta. Some of the tinctures of Robbia coats of arms may be considered as conventional sub stitutes. Thus white is the colour used for argent, and yellow for or. Gtdes was difficult to obtain in baked glazes and assumed various tints of violet or manganese. A dark violet served also for sable. But while the tinctures applied by superficial paint to coats of arms executed in stone or marble have faded away, those of the Delia Robbias remain unchanged and render bright and interesting the dull facades of the City Halls in Italian towns. This monograph was not written as a contribution to heraldry, but inas much as it represents coats of arms not recorded in such a corpus as Crol- lalanza's Bizionario storico-blasonico delle famiglie Italiane and in many instances records variations therefrom, it should have some importance for the student of heraldry. It was intended as an aid to the history of Italian art. Hence I have interested myself more in the forms of the shields, in the types of the garlands, in the stylistic qualities of the inscriptions, than in the variations from type in the heraldic emblems or their tinctures. ix x ROBBIA HERALDRY I. The Garlands. The Rectangular heraldic tablets, of which there are many examples in Robbia ware, occur also in stone and marble at an earlier date. In Robbia monuments they are found from 1474 (Fig. 15) to 1551 (Fig. 269). More distinctively Robbian are the medallions surrounded by a garland of leaves, flowers, and fruit. Luca della Robbia, in 1 431 -1438, in decorating the soffit of his marble cantoria made use of a fluted medallion surrounded by a wreath of leaves. This was imitated by Andrea della Robbia (Fig. 34), and by Giovanni della Robbia (Fig. 247). A simple form of leaf garland, fruited, was employed by Andrea not only in the vault of the Pazzi chapel, but in the frames of coats of arms (Fig. 36). Garlands consisting of flowers alone are rare, but important (Figs. 44, 45)- More frequent are the fruit garlands, composed occasionally of fruit and foliage only, but usually combined with flowers and sometimes with spikes of wheat. The method of their composition not infrequently betrays the predilections of their authors. Andrea in 1475 used a single file of fruit, separated into groups of two alternately dark and light (Fig. 18), a com positional type which occurs in the frame of the head of a Boy in the Metropolitan Museum and other similar medallions. It was possibly An drea, but more probably his uncle Luca, who designed for the Silk Mer chants a frame consisting of couplets of fruit — a series of three couples of dark fruit followed by three couples of light (Fig. 6). Possibly the effect was not considered satisfactory; at all events such a sparse combi nation was not repeated. As early as 1463 Luca della Robbia designed the frame for the arms of the Mercanzia (Fig. 9) . Here are successive bunches of fruit interspersed with flowers, the fruit sometimes three abreast, some times the central fruit being slightly in advance of those on its flanks. Luca's naturalistic tastes, however, seem to have led him to avoid con ventional composition. The very beautiful, but irregularly composed gar land about the arms of Rene d' Anjou (Fig. 13) refuses to be reduced to mathematical analysis. In the hands of an unskilled artisan an irregularly composed garland has no such charm (Fig. 240, 264). Greater regularity is exhibited in the garland which Luca made for Jacopo de' Pazzi (Fig. 20) with its eight equal sections, and its rhythmical alternation of dark and light coloured fruit, but he evidently did not like it and in designing the companion-piece of Maddalena Serristori (Fig. 21) he concealed the di viding lines of the eight sections and subdued the contrast in their hues. A different taste is found in Andrea's works. Regularity, and a rhythmical cadence is seen in the pilasters of his altarpieces (Figs. 25-27) and in his earliest garlands (Figs. 30 and 32). Here we find a succession of bunches of fruit, distinctly separated from each other, usually alternately dark and ROBBIA HERALDRY xi light, and arranged in what I have termed a triplex composition. If we follow the motion of the garland, which is usually developed in the same direction as the hands of a clock, we shall find fruits of the same kinds gathered into a succession of triangles, with always two fruits at the base and one at the apex. It is worthy of note that this compositional mode pervaded the entire output of Andrea's atelier and lived on in the works of his successors as late as 1537 (Fig. 262). When therefore we encounter a wreath like that which frames a celebrated Madonna in the Victoria and Albert Museum (Fig. 277) with one fruit at the base and two at the apex we should be as much surprised as if we should see a vehicle drawn by three horses, one wheeler and two leaders. This is one of several reasons which incline me to consider this Madonna to have been made in modern times. More than three fruits occur also in more or less regular composition. Four was an unpopular number, but Luca used five in various compositions in Jacopo de'Pazzi arms (Fig. 20). One of these which I have termed quinqueplex, consists of two, two, and one, reading from the base to the ajpex of the bunch. It was used by Giovanni della Robbia in the large Ceppo Hospital medallions (Fig. 244, 245) and in the Gianfigliazzi-Adi- tnari arms recently acquired by the Metropolitan Museum (Fig. 246). Sel dom if ever are more than five fruits of the same kind associated together in the same bunch. Occasionally, as in Maddalena Serristori's medallion, two or more groups are associated together in the same bunch, but very sel dom do we find a formation consisting of different kinds of fruit. Bene detto Buglioni and Giovanni della Robbia both reacted from Andrea's rhythmical compositions and reverted at times to continuous garlands, not markedly divided into separate bunches; but even so (see Figs. 63, 108) the influence of triplex or other formations is still to be recognized. When flowers are interspersed with fruit they are frequently introduced at random, but sometimes at set intervals so as to produce a rhythmical ef fect, and at times, but seldom (Fig. 150, 152), enlarged and used as a ter minal ornament. The medallion as a circular form has no apex and no base and the garlands are usually set in place without reference to the con tent of the medallion. But some designers, recognizing that a shield has its chief and base, its dexter and sinister sides, adapted the garland to the contents of the medallion by means of a garland holder from which the motion rises (Fig. 150) or falls (Fig. 212). The bands which tie together the separate bunches of fruit are sometimes small and unobtrusive (Fig. 9, 13), with flat' surface (Fig. 80), or orna mented by a longitudinal groove, single (Fig. 54) or double (Fig. 114), or by a series of transverse grooves (Fig. 57). These bands may resemble a long band which winds transversely or diagonally about the garland, or XI 1 ROBBIA HERALDRY a series of ribbons with fluttering ends (Fig. 20, 33, 117), or exhibit other variations. The garland itself was a first treated like a frieze framed by architect ural mouldings of simple or decorative form (Fig. 18, 33), but the frame was gradually eliminated, leaving the garland free and unsupported (Fig. 55 ) . Sometimes it was the garland that was eliminated and only the archi tectural mouldings that remained (Fig. 17, 84). Up to the end, however, the garland remained the characteristic Robbia frame for coats of arms and only occasionally was it supplanted by a Medici ring (Fig. 217)., an oak branch (Fig. 219), a dolphin and griffin (Fig. 249) or other device. II. The Backgrounds of the Shields. Occasionally, as in Figs. 11, 35, 62, a shield was set up with no other background than the wall of the building to which it was affixed. But in framed or garlanded stemmi there was always a space between frame and shield that offered an opportunity for artistic treatment. In many in stances, as in Figs. 18, 31, this background was left plain, but more fre quently it was decorated. The shield was surrounded with floral scrolls (Figs. 15, 139), or by fluttering ribbons (Figs. 79, 80), or by a bordure (Figs. 13, 244), but by far the most common device was to fill out the space with a fluted shell. Luca della Robbia set the fashion with the beauti ful blue disk which served as a background for the arms of the Mercanzia (Fig. 9), and his example was almost a law in Robbia Heraldry. Very rarely do we find heraldic or other emblems, as in Figs. 13, 22, surrounding the shield. Even crests, mantlings and mottoes are seldom found. In a few cases only is the shield given some apparent support. In Figs. 55, 56 it appears to hang from an invisible hook; in Figs. 6, 43, 129, 222, angels or putti keep it from falling ; but almost invariably the shield is set against its background and no one thinks of asking how it is kept in place. III. The Forms of Shields. In books on heraldry little attention is paid to the forms of shields. Oc casionally, as in H. Gourdon de Genouillac's L'Art heraldique, we find a few forms recognized. Quite exceptional is the treatise of George Glaze- brook on the forms of shields;* but his classification is based on British forms, with little recognition of the rich inheritance which British heraldry received from continental sources. It is obviously useless for a treatise on Robbia Heraldry. Passing in review the forms of shields as they are displayed in our il- * George Glazebrook, F. S. A., The Dates of variously shaped Shields with coincident Dates and Examples. Printed for private circulation. Liverpool, 1890. ROBBIA HERALDRY xiii lustrations we may distinguish various forms, which may be roughly classi fied as oval, French, tournament, kite shaped, Tuscan, late Tuscan, and baroque.vr. The Oval Shield (No. i). This form is not strictly oval, but in general resembles an egg with a pointed base. English heralds sometimes speak of it as kite-shaped (a term which we have reserved for our class 4), or as heater-shaped (this would require explanation outside of Great Britain) ; Venturi suggests alabastron-shaped (this is more intelligible to archaeologists than to the general public). The oval shield in Italy may be traced back through mediaeval to classic times. Luca della Robbia, who conserved many mediaeval forms, em ployed it on Or San Michele for the medallion of the Silk Merchants (Fig. 6) and in 1463 for that of the Mercanzia (Fig. 9), and for the stemma of Roberto Lioni (1463) at S. Giovanni Valdarno (Fig. 11). Andrea della Robbia used it in the predellas of altarpieces at the Osservanza, Siena, and at the monastery at La Verna. Between 1470 and 1490, when he controlled the Robbia atelier, it was almost the only form of shield which he em ployed. Giovanni della Robbia introduced other forms. The last appear ance of the oval shield in Robbia monuments seems to be the Carnesecchi stemma of 1507 at^Galluzzo (Fig. 149), inasmuch as we are not sure of the antiquity of the Sertini stemma, dated 1520, at Poppi. The oval shield remained unmodified, although occasionally (as in Fig. 34) of slenderer form. 2. The French Shield (No. 2). This type of shield is sometimes called Samnite, but Luca della Robbia used it in representing the coat of arms of Rene d' Anjou (Fig. 13). He is more likely to have derived it from French Gothic than from Samnite sources. It is the , „ form of shield universally employed in books on French heraldry. It is not to be considered as a modification of the oval shield, but an importation, which found no permanent place in Italian heraldry. It seems to have been used for the last time in the arms of the Pazzi dello Steccuto about 15 10 (Fig. 169). The somewhat triangular form of the French shield may have led Luca della Robbia to design the unique shield with waving sides used in the cupola of the Pazzi chapel (Fig. 36). xiv ROBBIA HERALDRY 3. The Tournament Shield (No. 3). The tournament shield with its dexter side cut to support the lance was a mediaeval form used occasionally in Robbia herald ry. It first occurs in somewhat severe form in the Manfredi arms by Andrea della Robbia (1477) at Faenza (Fig. 30) ; it ,s„. 3 received a curved top in the Malegonelli arms of 1485 (Fig. 48). This became peaked in the Petrucci arms of 1488 (Fig. 66, 67). By 1492 in the arms of Giovanni Trotti (Fig. 94) all the angles were bent .forward and the centre of the shield made convex. In this case and in that of Pietro Ghislieri it was used for a knight. It was used for Messer Leonardo Buonafede in 15 18 at Galatrona (Fig. 210), and in 1531 at Stia (Fig. 258). In post-Robbia days it was occasionally revived, as in the Carlini arms at Sesto (Fig. 272). 4. The Kite-shaped Shield (Nos. 4, 4a). No. 4 No. 4a If the first class be called Oval, the fourth might well be termed truncated Lozenge-shaped; but as it occurs more frequently in modified form (No. 4a), a more comprehensive even though popular term, like Kite-shaped, is more satisfactory. This form is probably of classic origin. In Robbia ware it occurs first as a truncated lozenge in the Buondelmonti arms of 1475 (Fig. 18). In the same year it occurs with curvilinear sides in the Torna- buoni arms (Fig. 22). Further modifications consisted of the multiplica tion of curvilinear sides as in the Cappelli arms of 1485 (Fig. 47). Gi- nanni designates this form of shield as Testa di Cavallo, but it is evidently a developed, not a primary type, and his term could not be used to cover the entire class. A peaked head and base appears in the Bartoli arms of 1489 (Fig. 75) ; and a unique ribbed example in the Ginori arms of 1490 (Fig. 78). A mongrel type with kite-shaped chief and pointed oval base occurs in the Nuccarelli arms in 1502 (Fig. 125), and the Salviati arms of 1520 (Fig. 223), but this is a late variant, not an historically transitional form. The latest example in Robbia ware is found in the Particini arms at Poppi in 1526 (Fig. 251). 5. The Tuscan Shield (Nos. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c). This form of shield (No. 5) occurs frequently in Robbia heraldry: in the late works of Andrea, in almost all of those of Giovanni della Robbia, ROBBIA HERALDRY xv and of the Buglioni. Perhaps the earliest example may be seen in the coat of arms of Innocent VIII (1484-1492) (Fig. 65). Another early form occurs in the arms of Bernardo Lucalberti in 1490 (Fig. 79), though both of these may be regarded as modifications of a somewhat simpler form. No. 5 No. Sa It was subjected to many modifications. In S. Maria delle Carceri at Prato Andrea della Robbia decorated its head and arms, or apices, with lilies (No. 5a). This became a popular type. At the same time he trans formed the centre of the shield from a flat plane to a convex surface. This feature was frequently copied in the shields which emanated from his atelier. Occasionally the acroterion or central apex was decorated with a pendent lily. But ordinarily the modifications consist in the form of the apices, which were simply truncated (Fig. 173), or bent forward (Fig. 150), or rolled forward into a scroll (Fig. 153), or rolled backward (Fig. 186), or peaked (Fig. 159). They differ also in the contours which some times repeat the curve of the oval type, but more frequently exhibit a curve of double curvature. A unique, decorative example of the Tuscan shield is the one made by Andrea della Robbia for Larione Martelli who was Podesta at Pistoia in 1498 (Fig. 113). Here the lateral apices are adorned with animal heads, which recall to mind the arms of Pistoia with "the lit tle brown bears" as supporters, illustrated in Sheldon and Newell's "Seven little Journeys in Tuscany," p. 124 (N. Y. C, 1904). The latest of our examples of the Tuscan shield is that of Agnolo Serragli dated 1528 (Fig. 257). A late modification of the Tuscan shield (No. 5b) consists in giving to its sides a concave rather than convex outline. This may have been the outcome of the curve of double curvature, but nevertheless presents a very different appearance, sufficient to make of it a marked variety of the Tuscan shield, rather than a distinct type. Hence it may be designated as Late Tuscan. The earliest of our examples is that of Raffaello de'Medici in 1 5 19 (Fig. 220), when the lateral curves are small but sharply defined. They are a marked feature in Giovanni della Robbia's Ceppo and Medici arms of 1525 (Fig. 244, 245). In the Casavecchia arms Of 1528 (Fig. 255) the lateral convex outlines give as much character to the shield form as do the apices. They correspond to the narrow waists of the contempo rary female attire. xvi ROBBIA HERALDRY No. 5b No. 5c The late Tuscan shield exhibits many of the modifications displayed by the earlier form, such as the bending over of the apices, or rolling them forward or backward (5b) in the form of scrolls, or giving it a peaked top. But there is one modification which is a novelty and of importance. This was the indenting of the apices. At first it was a semicircular cutting as in the Troscia arms of 1520 (Fig. 222), or triangular as in the Sestini arms (Fig. 232), applied either to all the apices or, as in Fig. 236, to the head alone. In Fra Mattia della Robbia's altarpiece of 1527 at Montecassiano (Fig. 253) the indention is so deep and the twin scrolls so marked (No. 5c) as to recall the bicapitated Imperial eagle. Our latest example of the late Tuscan shield (Fig. 269) does not differ greatly from the earlier forms. 7. Baroque Shields. These post date the Robbia school and fall outside the limits of this monograph. In many cases even the suggestion of a shield has been abandoned. In some instances, however, as in Fig. 271, the frame still preserves the outline and the indentations of the late Tuscan shield. IV. The Inscriptions. Coats of arms in Robbia ware were made for various purposes. When a nobleman decorated his hall or his courtyard with his coat of arms, everyone who entered his palazzo recognized whose arms were displayed before him; but when he presented an altarpiece to a church he often thought it advisable to record the gift not only by blazoning his arms upon it, but also by means of an inscription (Figs. 45, 125, 195). This inscrip tion was usually, but not always, on the predella of the altarpiece and con tained the donor's name and the date of his gift. The most numerous class of coats of arms in Robbia ware are those which are set up on the facades of civic buildings in towns where noble Florentines held such office as that of Podesta, Vicario, Capitano, or Com- missario. These coats of arms would be valueless as records did they not contain the names of the officials and the date when they held office. The earliest of these inscriptions (Fig. 11) is in form the simplest: +RVBERTO+LIONI+ ? MCCCCLXIII INTRODUCTION xvii The office held is here omitted, but after this civic stemmi almost invari ably record the office as well as the name and date. Two or more names of the same family may be recorded in the same inscription (Fig. 29), and sometimes the inscription is increased in length (Figs. 94, 95, 96, 116, 137). In the case of rectangular tablets the in scriptions might be closely associated with the coat of arms (Figs. 16, 19), but in the case of medallions they were usually painted and enamelled on separate tablets. The latter, following the tradition of marble and stone, were unframed (Figs. 17, 18, 75), or surrounded by a plain fillet (Fig. 96) or by architectural mouldings of simple (Fig. 234) or more elaborate (Figs. 263, 275) design. The Roman tabella ansata was of course revived and appears either independently or with angels or putti as supporters (Figs. 77, 137, 229). Even more commonly the inscription was painted on a scroll, unfolded horizontally beneath the coat of arms (Fig. 22), or curved, especially beneath a medallion (Fig. 163). A winged cherub head with outstretched arms may hold the scroll (Fig. 32), or hands alone or winged putti seated on clouds (Fig. 44), or it may be upheld by cherubs serving as consoles (Fig. 251). There is thus considerable variety in the manner in which these inscriptions are executed. The forms of the letters were seldom of the mediaeval, minuscular or semi-Gothic type (Fig. 33, 79), but usually of Roman form, delicate and slender (Fig. 11, 35), or more square and robust (Figs. 45, 185). I am inclined to think that these inscriptions were not relegated, as some sup pose, to professional scribes but were done by the master artists or their helpers. In Figs. 4 and 1 3 we can detect Luca della Robbia's independence and originality, in Fig. 27 Andrea's grace and refinement, in Fig. 229 the more commonplace ideals of Giovanni. For the most part, however, the lettering may have been done by anyone of the many assistants employed by the master artists. The punctuation points are not uninteresting. Some of these appear to be of lapidary origin and may have been taken over from the inscriptions on stone or marble tablets. Others are such as occur in manuscripts or on the inscribed majolica apothecary jars, made in Florence and elsewhere during the same period. It will suffice to enumerate the forms which are found on the monuments described in this volume. (1) ?, the lozenge. This form occurs in mediaeval manuscripts (M. Thompson, Greek and Latin Palaeography, 457), and in Robbia ware as early as 1463 (Fig. 11). It was used by Andrea della Robbia in one of his best known altarpieces, that of the Annunciation at La Verna. (2) i, a modified lozenge used in 1474 (Fig. 16) and later, but not common. xviii ROBBIA HERALDRY (3) •, a dot or period, used in 1474 (Fig. 17), and employed by all mem bers of the Robbia School. (4) ?, a modification of the lozenge, used by Luca della Robbia about 1470 in the coat of arms of Rene d'Anjou (Fig. 13, see Strange, Alphabets, p. 137), and a favorite form with Andrea della Robbia. Sometimes the centre was left vacant (Fig. 31). (5) A, ?, the triangle. This is an ancient punctuation mark (see Eg bert, Latin Inscriptions, p. 70), a favorite with Benedetto Buglioni (Fig. 51, 125) who used it in the more ornamental form with concave outlines. (6) +, + , the cross. The form with straight arms was used by Andrea della Robbia in 1477 (Fig. 30). The curved form was a favorite with Giovanni della Robbia from 1502 (Fig. 127, 133). (7) ^ the scroll. Used by Giovanni della Robbia in 1502 (Fig. 127) and many times later, as a terminal mark at the end of an inscription. (8) % a branch with leaves. This occurs as early as 1478 (Fig. 28). A fine example from Andrea's atelier is given in Fig. 3 1 . (9) 7 , 1, the flat topped comma occurs with great frequency after 1508 on the monuments of Giovanni della Robbia and the arrow head on the works of his followers. These marks are not in the modern grammatical sense punctuation marks. They do not indicate to the reader the major or minor clauses; they are rather decorative division marks ; at the beginning or at the end of an in scription, or between words, and, in the case of dates, between the millen- iums, centuries, and decades. Historically they are survivals from classic times. Many of them may be found in the Early Christian inscriptions published by De Rossi, and traced through mediaeval manuscripts to early printed books. To the historian of Italian sculpture these divisions or punctuation marks may be of assistance in making attributions, since no one master used them all, but had his individual preference for specific forms. The student who overlooks them will have no sense of the value of little things. II. CATALOGUE OF HERALDIC MONUMENTS II. CATALOGUE OF HERALDIC MONUMENTS 1 EMBLEM OF THE HOSPITAL OF S. MARIA NUOVA. 1441- 1443. Peretola, S. Maria. Photos., Alinari, 3724; Brogi, 5841, 5841a. The emblem of the Hospital of S. Maria Nuova (Fig. 1), was a crutch. This is found three times on the marble ciborio made for that hospital by Luca della Robbia in 1441-1443 : (1) and (2) in the two spandrels of the arch, in white marble on fluted disks, and (3) on the predella in glazed terra-cotta where with green staff and violet handle it is set in a white quatrefoil against a blue background. The tinctures on such emblems as this are likely to have had no heraldic fixedness, although we note at the Ceppo Hospital, Pistoia, that the crutch of S. Maria Nuova is also green with brown handle on a blue ground. By Luca della Robbia, documented. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 61-66. 2 STEMMA AND EMBLEMS OF PIERO DE'MEDICI. 1448. Flor ence, S. Miniato. Cappella del Sacramento. Photos., Alinari, 3365- 3365a; Brogi, 4993. On June 27, 1447, the Arte di Calimala granted to "a citizen of im portance" permission to erect a costly marble tabernacle in S. Miniato al Monte, but only their own stemma was to be displayed. Their emblem con sisted of an eagle clutching a bale of cloth, represented here by two bronze acroteria executed by Maso di Bartolommeo from January 28, 1448, to April 22, 1449. On June 10, 1448, the "citizen of importance," Piero di Cosimo de'Medici, was permitted to have his own arms introduced. Hence the lateral acroteria, in circular form, were carved and painted with the seven Medici balls. Medici emblems (Fig. 2), the three feathers, ring, and motto SEMPER, are also executed in the marble frieze against a dark verde di Prato background. On the rear of the tabernacle is a medallion of marble displaying Piero's individual emblem, a falcon holding a ring, as well as the motto SEMPER. 3 4 ROBBIA HERALDRY The Medici balls, or pellets, varied in number. Originally they were eight. Cosimo reduced them to seven ; Piero changed the tincture of one of the balls from gules to asure and charged it on the authority of Louis Fig. i. S. Maria Nuova Hospital. XI with three fleurs-de-lys or; Lorenzo reduced the number to six: five gules and one azure. On this monument the tinctures have now worn away. Piero di Cosimo di Giovanni de'Medici (1416-1469) was a Prior of Florence in 1448, ambassador to Francesco Sforza in 1450, to Venice in Fig. 2. Medici Emblems. 6 ROBBIA HERALDRY 1454, Gonfaloniere in 1461, and ruler of Florence 1464-1469. He was a patron of the fine arts. Tabernacle by Michelozzo. Decorations by Luca della Robbia and Maso di Bartolommeo. Bibl. : C, s.v. Medici; Litta VI, s.v. Medici, Tav. 8; M., L. D. R., 85-89; W., 153; Young, The Medici, I, ch. 6. 3 STEMMA OF BENOZZO FEDERIGHI. 1455-1456. Florence, S. Trinita. Photos., Alinari, 1 396-1 399; Brogi, 4664-4667. On the terra-cotta frame of the tomb of Benozzo Federighi, at the upper corners, set in circular disks (Fig. 3) are the arms of the Federighi fam ily: Azure, eight plates, two, three, two, and one, argent. On arranging Fig. 3. Benozzo Federighi. the plates within a circle the lowermost would be almost necessarily omit ted, hence here are only seven plates. In Italian heraldry such modifica tions in a coat of arms are not infrequent. Benozzo Federighi belonged Fig. 4. Impruneta. 8 ROBBIA HERALDRY to a family well represented in the high offices of Florence. He himself was a Florentine Canonico, a Protonario Apostolico, and Bishop of Fie sole. He died in 1450. By Luca della Robbia, documented. Bibl. : C, s.v. Federighi; M., L. D. R., 122-130; P., 406; W., 139. 4 EMBLEM OF IMPRUNETA. 1450-1460. Impruneta, Pieve di S. Maria. Photos., Alinari, 17005, 17007; Brogi, 9890. The church at Impruneta was originally known as S. Maria in Pineta or St. Mary in the Pines. The phrase In Pineta became corrupted into Impruneta. There are two beautiful tabernacles in the decoration of which Fig. 5. Impruneta. Luca della Robbia ingeniously introduced the pine cone. It occurs in re lief in the ceiling of each chapel and in enamel painting in the base of the Tabernacle of the Holy Cross (Figs. 4-5). In each case the pine cones are not obtrusively displayed, but are subordinated to the general decorative scheme. By Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 136-152. 5 STEMMA OF THE SILK MERCHANTS. 1450-1460. Florence, Or San Michele. Photos., Alinari, 3439; Brogi, 4658. The Stemma of the Arte della Seta, known also as the Arte di Por Santa Maria, was: Argent, a doorway argent surrounded by stonework gules (Fig. 6). Here possibly for the first time did Luca della Robbia evolve his formula for coats of arms, which was followed by all his successors. It consists of ROBBIA HERALDRY 9 a circular disk containing the shield with its emblems and surrounded by a fruit garland. The white shield is here nearly oval, a popular form for Robbia shields for some decades to come; the doorway is also white and is surrounded by violet framework. Very charming are the winged putti who act as supporters. The garland is composed in an unusual manner, Fig. 6. Silk Merchants. in successive bunches of two, varying at more or less regular intervals from dark to light coloured fruit. This composition broke up the wreath into too many individual units and was probably for this reason not used again. By Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 134-136; Staley, 204-235. 6 STEMMA OF THE PHYSICIANS AND APOTHECARIES. 1450-1460. Florence, Or San Michele. Photo., Alinari, 4657. Within a stone framework is set the stemma or emblem of the Arte dei Medici e Speziali : Azure, a Madonna polychrome in a tabernacle sur rounded by lilies (Fig. 7). Here Luca della Robbia for the first time was called on to produce a polychromatic figure in enamelled terra-cotta. The Madonna's hair is golden IO ROBBIA HERALDRY yellow, her face flesh colour, her eyes have gray-blue irises, dark blue brows, lashes and pupils ; her robe is violet with yellow neckband and green sleeves; her mantle blue, lined green. She is seated on a bluish-green Fig. 7. Physicians and Surgeons. bench. The immediate background shows an elaborate all-over pattern of quatrefoils and fern leaves. She is set in an arched tabernacle flanked by green lily stalks with white lilies set against an azure background. By Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 130-132; Staley, 236-273. 7 STEMMA OF THE STONE MASONS AND WOOD CARVERS. 1450-1460. Florence, Or San Michele. Photo., Alinari, 3441. v The Stemma of the Arte dei Maestri di Pietra e di Legname was : Gules, an axe argent. Here Luca has elaborated the theme, introducing besides the axe other symbols (Fig. 8). The axe blade white (for argent) with handle yellow (for or) is set on a violet (for gules) background beautifully decorated with fern scrolls. The central disk is framed by a guilloche, the strands of which are coloured in three shades of blue and set against a golden ground. At the vertical and horizontal axes of the medallion the guilloche breaks into smaller Fig. 8. Stone Masons. circles enclosing a blue trowel, hammer and chisels for the muratori e scarpellini, and compasses and T-square for the architetti. The trapezoidal spaces between the smaller circles are decorated with green plants with five-petalled flowers of three shades of blue, set on a golden ground. By Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 132-134; Staley, 320-243. 8 STEMMA OF THE MERCANZIA. Michele. Photo., Alinari, 3443. 1463. Florence, Or San The central organization of the various guilds was known as the Mer- canzia or the Universita degli Arti. It served for a Supreme Court, also as a Chamber of Commerce. Its "signum et arma" was : Argent, a fleur-de- lys seeded gules set above a corded bale argent (Fig. 9). This is here displayed on an oval shield set against a fluted, blue disk, the arrises of the flutes being grooved. The frame consists of narrow leaf and dart mould ing, beyond which is a garland of fruit interspersed with flowers. The Fig. 9. Mercanzia. garland is divided into sixteen bunches tied by narrow blue bands. The fruit is arranged in various ways, three abreast being the most frequent. By Luca della Robbia, documented. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 180-183. 9 STEMMA OF JACOPO DA PORTOGALLO. 1461-1466. Flor ence, S. Miniato al Monte. Cappella di S. Jacopo. Photos., Alinari, 3381 ; Brogi, 5392. On the ceiling of the Portogallo chapel at S. Miniato, in four medallions are represented the four cardinal virtues. Fortitude bears an oval shield ROBBIA HERALDRY 13 on which are displayed the arms of the young cardinal Jacopo da Porto gallo (Fig. 10). These are quartered: (1) and (4), Argent, a cross of five small shields azure, each shield charged with five plates argent, the Fig io. Jacopo da Portogallo. whole" with a bordure of castles or and fleurs-de-lys vert; (2) and (3) with the arms of Aragon: Or, four pallets gules. By Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 178-179. 10 STEMMA OF ROBERTO LIONI. 1463. S. Giovanni in Val darno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 9845. On the exterior of the Palazzo Pretorio at S. Giovanni in Valdarno there are twenty-one coats of arms in Robbia ware of officials known as Vicar ius or Commissarius. The earliest of these is the stemma of Roberto Lioni who held the office in 1463 (Fig. 11). His arms consist of: Or, a bend gules accompanied by two lions passant of the same. Here they are set on an oval shield without a frame. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed in tall letters and punctuated with rhombs : ? RUBERTO ? LIONI ? MCCCCLXIII ? Fig. ii. Roberto Lioni. Roberto di Francesco di Biagio Lioni of Florence was a Prior five times and Gonfaloniere three times between 1460 and 1484. By Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Lioni; M., L. D. R., 245-246; P., 414-415 (This Priorista gives the arms as Azure, a bend gules and the two' lions or) . 11 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI TOMMASO SASSETTI. c. 1465. Berlin, Kaiser Friedrich Museum, No. 98 (I. 147). Photo., Berlin Museum. At either end of the predella of the Varramista altarpiece in the Berlin Museum is an oval shield containing the Sassetti arms: Argent, a bend ROBBIA HERALDRY *5 azure fimbriated or (Fig. 12). The altarpiece represents SS. Francesco and Cosma standing beside the Madonna. These saints were the patrony mic saints of Francesco Sassetti and of his son Cosimo. Francesco di Tommaso Sassetti was a Prior in Florence in 1460 and Fig. 12. Francesco Sassetti. renovated the Sassetti chapel in S. Trinita in i486. His son Cosimo was probably named from Cosimo de' Medici who died in 1464. He became a Prior in 1503, 1523, 1524, and 1527. The style of the altarpiece makes it likely that it was set up by Francesco as a thank offering after the birth of his son (c. 1465). Bibl. : B., /. k. p. K., VII (1886), 206-210; Denk., 83-84, Taf. 26; C, s.v. Sassetti; P., 842-843^., D. R., 204-205; Sc. FI, III, 175-176; Schott- muller, 42-43, No. 98; V., VI, 589, Fig. 396; W., 173. i6 ROBBIA HERALDRY 12 STEMMA OF RENfi d'ANJOU. c. 1470. London, Victoria and Albert Museum, No. 6740-'6o. Photo., Museum. This fine medallion (Fig. 13), originally in the Pazzi Villa at Fiesole, came into possession of the Victoria and Albert Museum in i860. It rep resents the arms and insignia of King Rene of Anjou, pretender- to the thrones of Naples and Sicily. Rene had visited Andrea dei Pazzi in 1442, stood godfather to a son of Piero dei Pazzi who bore his name Renato, made Andrea a knight, and in 1453 received Jacopo dei Pazzi into the Order of the Crescent. As Paul Durrieu has proved that Rene's arms as here displayed were used only between the years 1466 and 1480, we may Fig. 13. Rene d'Anjou. assign this medallion to this period — or still more accurately to the period between 1466, when Rene accepted the throne of Aragon, and 1478, when Jacopo dei Pazzi was put to death. The medallion is a masterpiece by Luca della Robbia. ROBBIA HERALDRY 17 The arms and other insignia are set upon a fine green background. Be low the centre of the medallion on a French shield are displayed Rene's arms. The chief or upper portion of the shield displays Rene's royal claims, inherited after the death of his elder brother, Louis III (1434) and of Giovanna of Naples (1435), to the kingdoms of Hungary, Sicily and Jerusalem. The arms of Hungary occupy the first place : Barry argent and gules; next those of Sicily (ancien Anjou) : Azure seme with fleurs-de- lys or, with a label of five points gules; and third those of Jerusalem: Argent a cross potent accompanied by four crosslets or. The base or lower portion of the shield displays first the arms of Anjou moderne (duche) : Azure same with fleurs-de-lys or, with a bordure gules; and next the arms of Bar: Azure seme with crosslets fitched and two barbels or. The Duchy of Anjou was inherited by Rene from his father, that of Bar from his maternal grand-uncle Cardinal Louis. The inescutcheon with the arms of the house of Aragon, Or, four pallets gules, could occur only after 1466. Below the shield is a crescent inscribed Los en croissant, emblematic of the Order of the Crescent which Rene introduced into Italy in 1448. The shield is flanked by braziers emitting violet flames and supporting a scroll inscribed Dardant + Desir ^ a device and motto long borne by Rene. The crest consists of a royal helmet or, surmounted by a fleur-de-lys and two^ Aragonese dragon wings or and gules, and supporting a royal mantle lined with ermine and decorated with golden fleurs-de-lys. At the summit of the medallion are the rustic letters IR, usually interpreted Isabelle (Rene's first wife) and Rene. At this period however, Rene was married to Jeanne de Laval, so the initial is properly hers. This medallion is surrounded by a bordure gules raguly argent, probably a mere decoration. The frame consists of a beautiful garland between a leaf and dart (inner) and egg and dart (outer) moulding. The garland consists of seven kinds of fruit (no flowers), each variety being represented by four bunches variously composed, alternately light and dark in colour, tied by narrow white bands, and in motion, following that, of the hands of a clock. Both modelling and colouring are exceptionally fine. By Luca della Robbia. Bibl, : M., L. D. R., 202-205. 13 STEMMA OF AGNIOLO DI NERI VETTORI. 1470. Poppi, Palazzo Pretorio. The Vettori family, between the years 1320 and 1531, gave to Florence i8 ROBBIA HERALDRY five Gonfalonieri and forty-three Priors. Neri's branch of the family in cluded, besides Agniolo the Vicario of Poppi in 1470, Andrea, who became podesta of Padua and then of Verona, and Piero, a celebrated professor of classic literature in the University of Florence. The arms displayed on an oval shield are: Argent (base) and sable (chief), separated by a bend azure charged with four fleurs-de-lys or. Below is an inscription: ANGNIOLO DI NERI VETTORI V(ICARI)0 1470 Bibl. : C, s.v. Vettori. 14 STEMMA OF THE OSPITALIERI AND OF THE MARCHESE CAPPONI. 1472. Pescia, Palazzo Episcopale, Cappella. Photo., Private. On the predella of the altarpiece now in the chapel of the episcopal palace at Pescia are ( 1 ) the arms of the Ospitalieri of Altopascio : Azure, a Tau Fig. 14. Marchese Capponi. ROBBIA HERALDRY 19 Cross argent, and (2) those of the Marchese Capponi: Per bend argent (base) and sable (chief) (Fig. 14). This altarpiece is said to have been transferred from the church of S. Pietro in Campo, and may originally have been in S. Jacopo at Altopascio. Both of these churches were ceded by the Pope to the Marchese Capponi in 1472. Soon after this date the altarpiece was doubtless erected. Lorenzo di Gino Capponi was Vicario at Pescia in 1461. Atelier of Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : M.,L. D. R., 211-213. 15 STEMMA OF LODOVICO DI TADDEO DELL' ANTELLA. 1473. Galluzzo, Palazzo del Podesta, Photo., Private. This family, originally from Germany, became established in the village DnAODEO) DELLAT&UAJ ^MCCCCDpdlij Fig. 15. Lodovico Antella. ERNaMXH. Fig. 16. Bernardo Martellini. of Antella and later in Florence. On a rectangular tablet is set a pointed oval shield argent, displaying a chevron gules (Fig. 15). Below is a tablet inscribed : LODOVICO ? DI TADDEO ? DELL A (-N) TELL A ? PO( DESTA) ? MCCCCLXXIII Lodovico was one of the Priors of Florence in 1460. Bibl. : Carocci, Galluzzo, 39; C, s.v. Antella; P., 51-54; W., 125. 16 STEMMA OF BERNARDO d' AGNIOLO MARTELLINI. Galluzzo, Palazzo del Podesta. Photo., Private. 1474- The Martellini family came from Sprugnano in the Casentino. Esau and his son Angelo both held the office of Commissario di Guerra in the Casentino. Bernardo was Podesta at Galluzzo in 1474 and his son Antonio 20 ROBBIA HERALDRY a Prior of Florence in 1520. The arms (Fig. 16), set in a rectangular frame with a green border, display on an oval shield gules a stag rampant argent. Below is the inscription : BERNARDO ? D'AGNI OLO ? DTSAV ? MARTELI NI ? PO (DESTA) 1474 ? >S Bibl. : Carocci, Galluzzo, 39; C, s.v. Martellini della Cerva. 17 STEMMA OF MATTEO PALMIERI. 1474. Volterra, Palazzo dei Priori or Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a frame of plain, architectural mouldings, set against a blue, fluted disk is an oval shield (Fig. 17) bearing the Palmieri arms: Gules, two palms in saltire vert between two lions combatant or. Fig. 17. Matteo Palmieri. Below is a rectangular tablet inscribed : MATTHEO PALMERIO POST RECTAM LIBERE CIVITATE(M) PRETORL 11° • ET COMMISSARIO- SALVTIS ANNO ¦ MCCCCLXXIIIP ¦ ROBBIA HERALDRY 21 Matteo di Marco di Antonio Palmieri (1405-1475) apothecary, historian, poet, ambassador, was Prior of Florence in 1445, Gonfaloniere in 1453, Ambassador to Naples in 1455, to Rome in 1466 and 1473, and Prior again in 1468. After its capture in 1472, Volterra was ruled by Florentine cap tains and commissaries. A Podesta was elected by the Florentines resi dent in Volterra. The second to hold this office, as the inscription indi cates, was Matteo Palmieri in 1474. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Palmieri; P., 744-745; Repetti, s.v. Volterra; W., 161. 18 STEMMA OF ANTONIO DI LORENZO BUONDELMONTI. 1475. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 9845- Antonio di Lorenzo Buondelmonti was born August 15, 1425, and died in 1504. He had been a Prior of Florence in 1467, one of the twelve XNiomoSIOlEN ZODIMESSERALWv 1 BVONDEIMONTI-DEJIO) TFeVONl+W7t*It-7£: ¦ - ¦¦ — - - - - 1 ' ¦ ** ¦- ' Fig. 18. Antonio Buondelmonti. Buonomini in 1466, became Vicario of S. Giovanni in Valdarno in 1474 and 1475, and held various other offices later. On a pointed oval shield (Fig. 18) Per fess azure and argent is sur charged a kite shaped shield argent displaying a cross of Calvary gules on 22 ROBBIA HERALDRY a mount of six tops azure. The circular frame is noteworthy in containing a single file of fruit, pine cones and quinces, in colour alternately dark and light. A rectangular tablet below is inscribed: ANTONIO ? DI LOREN ZO ? DI MESSER A(N)DREA BUONDELMONTI ? DE MON TEBUONI ? V(ICARI)0 ? 1474 ? 1475 ? Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Bondelmonti; Litta, s.v. Buondelmonti, Tav. 10, P., 827-828. 19 STEMMA OF ANTONIO DEL NERO. 1475. Galluzzo, Palazzo del Podesta. Photo., Private. This much battered stemma may be restored by means of the records, which show that Antonio del Nero di Filippo del Nero held the office of Fig. 19. Antonio del Nero. Podesta at Galluzzo in 1475. The arms (Fig. 19) should be: Sable, a hound salient argent, collared gules. Antonio del Nero di Filippo del Nero was Prior of Florence in 1469. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Document : "Pot(est)as s(an)c(t)e Marie inprunete cum Tribus notarijs cum salario Quattuor famul. librarum Septin- uno equo gentarum ad(i)c(t)a pot (est) aria Antonius delnero filippi delnero-71-22 junij-1475" ROBBIA HERALDRY 23 [Archiv. del Stato, Registrum Extrinsecorum 1 472-1 491 segnato Trat- te No. 69 c. 71. In the index this podesteria is indexed as p Sancte M° inprunete sive Ghalluzzi.] Bibl. : C, s.v. Nero di Firenze; P., 656-657. 20 STEMMA OF JACOPO DEI PAZZI AND OF MADDALENA DEI SERRISTORI. c. 1475. Florence, Palazzo Serristori. Photos., Alinari, 17040; Brogi, 13279. These two stemmi once decorated the Palazzo Quaratesi, but in 1899 were removed to the Palazzo Serristori. They contain the Pazzi and the Serristori arms, and may have been ordered of Luca della Robbia to cele brate the marriage of Jacopo dei Pazzi and Maddalena dei Serristori which took place in 1446. However, beneath the Pazzi arms, we find a crescent, the emblem of the Order of the Crescent, established in Italy by Rene d' Anjou in 1448. As Jacopo dei Pazzi did not become a member of this order until 1453, this stemma of his was probably not made until after his initiation into the Order. These stemmi were certainly made before 1478 when Jacopo was put to death, his palace confiscated and sold, and his wife retired to a convent. 1. Stemma of Jacopo dei Pazzi. The Pazzi arms are: Azure seme of five crosslets, botonny, fitched or, two dolphins, hauriant, embowed, addorsed, or; in chief a label of Anjou Fig 20. Jacopo dei Pazzi. 24 ROBBIA HERALDRY of four points gules, enclosing three fleurs-de-lys or. These are displayed on an azure, kite shaped shield (Fig. 20), which is set against a mottled violet disk. Below the shield is a yellow crescent. The frame consists of a garland of fruit set between egg and dart mouldings. Flowers appear in one section only. It was baked in eight divisions, the joints of which are practically concealed by ribbons which cross the entire frame. The divisions are equal in size and each contains one kind of fruit. The groups of fruit are alternately dark and light in rhythmic sequence and are variously, not monotonously, composed. By Luca della Robbia. 2. Stemma of Maddelena dei Serristori. The Serristori arms are : Azure, a f ess argent accompanied by three mul lets of eight points or; in chief a label of Anjou of four points gules, en closing three fleurs-de-lys or. Here they are displayed on a kite shaped shield (Fig. 21), set against a green fluted disk. The polychromatic gar land of fruit is divided into eight sections, marked not by ribbons, but by Fig. 21. Maddalena Serristori. leaves which overlap the inner and outer egg and dart mouldings. The fruit is composed in irregular bunches bound together at unequal intervals. By Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 161-164. ROBBIA HERALDRY 25 21 STEMMA OF LIONARDO DI FRANCESCO TORNABUONI. 1475. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a rectangular tablet framed with an egg and dart moulding and set on a background quartered 1 and 4 gules, an eagle on a globe or, 2 and 3 argent and vert per pale raguly gules, is a kite shaped shield (Fig. 22) Fig. 22. Lionardo Tornabuoni. bearing the Tornabuoni stemma : Per saltire or and vert, a lion rampant counterchanged ; over all, an inescutcheon of the People of Florence {ar gent, a cross gules). Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : LIONARDO ? DI FRANCESCO TORNABUONI ? V(ICARI)0 ? 1475 ? Lionardo, son of Francesco di Simone Tornabuoni and of Selvaggia di Maso degli Alessandri, was Prior in Florence in 1469, and died in 1492. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Tornabuoni; Litta, vol. IX; P., 112-114; W., 178-179. 22 EMBLEMS OF THE STONE MASONS AND WOOD CARV ERS. 1475. Florence, Museo Nazionale, No. 74. Photos., Alinari, 2761 ; Brogi, 4448. On March 4, 1475 (o.s. 1474), the consuls of the Arte dei Maestri di Pietra e di Legname commissioned Andrea della Robbia to make a Ma donna to replace an antiquated one in their audience chamber. This Ma donna is reasonably supposed to be now in the Museo Nazionale, No. 74. On the base of the frame are four medallions containing the four emblems 26 ROBBIA HERALDRY mamm Fig. 23. Stone Masons. of the guild, the square, the axe, the hammer, and the trowel (Fig. 23). The implements are blue, their handles yellow and they are set against a violet ground. Between 1469 and 1525 Andrea della Robbia served more than thirty times on the council of this guild, three times as Syndic, and once as Treasurer. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 108, 215 no. 60; Cr., 181; Mesnil, Misc. d'Arte, 1903, 208-210 (Doc); R., D. R., 166-167; 51c. FI, III, 157; S., in, Abb. 118; Supino, 451, No. 74. ROBBIA HERALDRY 27 23 STEMMA OF THE CONVENTU DEL T (?). c. 1475. Pescia, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele, 61. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit arranged in single file and in pairs, enclosed by plain architectural moulding, set against a blue fluted disk is an oval shield, bearing a coat of arms, said by local archaeologists to be that of the Conventu del T (Fig. 24). A white Tau cross was the emblem of the order of the Ospitalieri and the Conventu del T may have been one of the Fig. 24. Conventu del T. dependencies. The Tau cross is here set on the stemma : Per bend argent (base) and sable (chief). The tinctures were reported to me first as sable and argent; by a second observer, as azure and argent. On the altarpiece of the Episcopal Palace at Pescia we find two stemmi, dexter with the Tau cross, sinister, with the sable and argent. Here they are combined in one and would seem to be either the arms of a Marchese Capponi, chief officer of the Ospitalieri, or perhaps the arms of some hospital of which the Cap poni family were the chief patrons. It is possible that the Tau cross should be interpreted as a crutch, the emblem of the parent hospital S. Maria Nuova of Florence. Bibl. : C, s.v. Capponi; Cr., 351; M., L. D. R., 211-213; P. O. B., Istoria della citta di Pescia; Repetti, s.v. Altopascio; W., 133. 28 ROBBIA HERALDRY 24 CREST OF BRACCIO II BAGLIONI. c. 1475. Assisi, S. Maria degli Angeli, Cappella di S. Giuseppe. Photo., Alinari, 4837. On the two central pilasters of the predella of the beautiful Robbia trip tych representing the Coronation of the Virgin, S. Francesco receiving the stigmata, and S. Girolamo in the Desert, are medallions (Fig. 25) blazoned Fig. 25. Braccio II Baglioni. as follows: Azure, a griffin argent with fish's tail vert and holding a sword in right hand. Through the kindness of Padre Alfonso Santarelli we are informed, on the authority of Signore Conte Ansidei, that this is Fig. 26. Magio Ugurgieri. 30 ROBBIA HERALDRY the stemma of Braccio II Baglioni of Perugia, who died on Dec. 8, 1479. According to CroUalanza this is the crest, not the stemma of the Baglioni family. By Andrea della Robbia. C, s.v. Baglioni; C-M., 225, No. 122; Cr., 182-183; Michel, IV, 124, Fig. 91; R., D. R., 163; Sc. FI, III, 154-155; S., 105, Abb. 108 25, 26 (1) STEMMA OF MAGIO UGURGIERI. (2) EMBLEM OF JESUS, c. 1475. Siena, Osservanza. Photo., Alinari, 9138. ( 1 ) At either end of the predella of the altarpiece representing the Coro nation of the Virgin with standing Saints are painted on oval shields (Fig. 26) the arms of the Ugurgieri family: Or, three lions azure supporting a wheel gules. Possibly the individual member whose arms are here given was Magio who was prominent in Siena, having been in 1482 one of the Nine, in 1490 Capitano, and four times Gonfaloniere. (2) The Monogram of Jesus with golden rays against a blue ground, with the lunette which it adorns, appears to have been added perhaps a decade later in order to give additional height to the altarpiece. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : B.,Denkm. 84, Taf. 261; C, s.v. Ugurgieri; C-M., 101, 248, No. 273; Cr., 174-176; S., 105-106, Abb. 109. 27 STEMMA OF LORENZO NICCOLINI. c. 1476. La Verna, Chi- esa Maggiore. Photo., Alinari, 9831. After the fire of 1472 we may presume that the two fine altarpieces rep resenting the Annunciation and the Adoration were soon set up in their prominent positions in the Chiesa Maggiore. The Brizi chapel containing the Adoration altarpiece is in fact dated 1479. The Annunciation altar- piece appears to have been made a few years earlier. On the predella at each end on an oval shield (Fig. 27) is blazoned the Niccolini arms : Azure, a lion rampant guardant argent debruised of a bend gules. Which member of the Niccolini family was the donor of this altarpiece is not certainly known. Possibly it was Lorenzo di Lapo Niccolini, a Prior in Florence in 1446, 1453, and 1468, and Gonfaloniere in 1465; or his son Marco, Prior in 1476; or Lapo di Lorenzo, Gonfaloniere in 1481. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Niccolini; P., 435"437; W., 158-159- mmmtraufiummr Fig. 27. Lorenzo Niccolini. 28 STEMMA OF ANDREA DI GIOVANNI DEL CAPPA. 1476. Galluzzo, Palazzo del Podesta. Photo., Private. A rectangular tablet contains a pointed oval shield (Fig. 28) emblazoned with a Florentine lily above two maces saltire. Below the shield is in scribed : ANDREA ? DI GIOVA NNI ? DEL CAPPA ? PO (DESTA) ? 1476 * * Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Carocci, Galluzzo, 39. 32 ROBBIA HERALDRY 29 STEMMA OF DOMENICO AND ZANOBI ALDIMARI. 1476. Galluzzo, Palazzo del Podesta. Photo., Private. A rectangular tablet (Fig. 29) contains an Oval shield, azure showing an eagle displayed with wings inverted argent. Below is inscribed : ANDEA-Dl NNI-DELCAPPA-] 1 MNXO-DftANOa-DI jCIECCO-FPASCATftDl/W iFILGlOLO'lt Fig. 28. Andrea Cappa. Fig. 29. Domenico and Zanobi Adimari. DOMENICO ? DI ZANOBI i DI CIECCO ? FRASCA i ALDIMA RI * PO(DESTA) ? 1439 * E ZANOBI * FILGLOLO ? 1476 i Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. SUO Bibl. : Carocci, Galluzzo, 39; C, s.v. Aldimari. 30 STEMMA OF THE ADIMARI FAMILY, c. 1476. Empoli, Pinacoteca della Collegiata. In the Cappella di S. Lorenzo near where Andrea della Robbia's tondo of God the Father was once placed stood a small Robbia tablet, 0.45m. x 0.30m., with a white border broadened at the base where was inscribed merely ADIMARI. Above, against a mottled green background an oval shield bore the Adimari arms: Per fess, or (in chief) and azure (in base). It may be noted that the spelling of the name as well as the blazoning of arms is different from that of Domenico and Zanobi Adimari who held the office of Podesta in Galluzzo in 1439 and 1476. Various members of the Adimari family held high office in Florence at the end of the XV and beginning of the XVI century. Possibly the individual here indicated was Giovanni di Donato di Matteo Adimari, Prior of Florence in 1478. Bibl. C, Adimari; P., 129-130; W., 124. ROBBIA HERALDRY 33 31 STEMMA OF BISHOP FEDERICO MANFREDI. 1477. Faenza, Duomo, S. Pietro. Photo., Private. The foundations of the Cathedral of Faenza, designed by Giuliano da Maiano, were laid on the site of an earlier church by Bishop Federico Man- fredi on May 26, 1474. On the sixteenth of November, 1477, the Bishop, who had been serving as Lieutenant General of State and incurred the odium of the people, was driven from the city and suffered severe fi nancial loss. As a testimonial of his benefactions to the Cathedral he had arranged three medallions containing his coat of arms, one to be set in the vault over the high altar, the other two in the vaults which cover the transepts. As the two latter are incomplete, one may reasonably suppose that these medallions were being executed when the Bishop met his un fortunate fate. 1. The central medallion (Fig. 30). The Manfredi arms display quarterings of argent and azure, here sur mounted by a Capo di Francia consisting of three golden fleurs-de-lys on a Fig. 30. Federico Manfredi. field of azure. The complex supporter of the shield, called a caprone, is rather a camel seated beside a violet flame, carrying a sack on his back, his head covered with a helmet. The crest consists of the head of a white goat, with yellow horns. From the top of the helmet radiate mantlings of violet, white and green. Behind the goat's head is a scroll, not inscribed. 34 ROBBIA HERALDRY Similar complicated supporters for coats of arms may be seen in the courtyard of the Museo Nazionale (Alinari, 2984, 2985). The arms are here displayed on a tournament shield, against a blue, fluted disk framed with a garland of fruit. The frame is broad and the groups of fruit modelled in rather flat masses. The composition of the garland is conventional. Each bunch, containing three pieces of fruit and arranged to form a triangle, is held together by a ribbon and is not merged in the mass, as in Luca della Rob bia's garlands. It was baked in eight sections, each containing two bunches of similar fruit. The sections are alternately dark and light in colour. They are the same fruits found in Luca's garlands. Here grapes, oranges, pine cones, apples, are succeeded by grapes, citrons, pine cones, zucche, in the direction followed by the hands of a clock. The outermost band of the frame is inscribed : FEDERICUS + DE MANFREDIS * FAVEN- TINVS * EPISCOPVS * FAVENZIE * CONDITOR * TENPLI It is in the composition and the modelling of the garland that one par ticularly recognizes the hand of Andrea della Robbia. (2) Medallion of the north transept. The central portion of this medallion is of plaster and presents in a complicated form the arms of Bishop Federico Manfredi. An eagle with a motto and a dove with a motto are added emblems. The motto issuing from the goat's mouth WAH HIC MAC is entirely incorrect. The inscription S(IGILLVM) ? D(OMI)NI ? FEDERICI ? DEMANFRE- DIS ? EPISCOPI ? FAVENTINI ? is more delicate in lettering than the inscription on the outer band of the frame. The frame is less carefully modelled than the frame of the medallion already described — an indication that Andrea della Robbia already employed assistants in his atelier. It is also composed with less skill — every alternate bunch consists of pine cones — and was stupidly set in position, two of the eight sections having ex changed places, so that the inscription is meaningless: The outer inscription is the same as in the first medallion, but punctuated with ? instead of * . (3) Medallion of the south transept. The central portion of this medallion is also of plaster on which is painted the Manfredi coat of arms. The supporter is still a camel seated beside a flame, with a sack on his back and a helmet with mantlings on his head. The crest consists of a conventional floral pattern and the scroll is inscribed WAN • ICH ? MAG + The frame of glazed terra-cotta is composed of eight sections, each with two bunches of fruit, alternating in colour from dark to light. The dark coloured fruits are grapes and pine cones ; the light ones, citrons, oranges, apples, and zucche. While the fruit appears to have been modelled by the sculptor of the first medallion, the inscription was possibly given over ROBBIA HERALDRY 35 to some one else, who used heavier letters, punctuated with a +, reversed the direction of the inscription and changed the spelling of FAVENZIE to FAVENTIE + It records the foundation of the church in the same words as in the first medallion. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Argnani, 21; C, s.v. Manfredi; Guasti, Cafaggiolo, 157; Malagola, 101-102, 464; Messeri-Calzi, 506-512; Tonduzzi, 12, 508, 511; Stroc- chi, 3. 32 STEMMA OF RIDOLFO DI PAGANOZZO RIDOLFI. 1477. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Set against a mottled green (imitation of poryphyry) background on an oval shield (Fig. 31), is the stemma of the Ridolfi family: Azure, a mount of six tops or, crossed by a bend gules. RIDOLFODIPAGNO ZZO'RIDQLFI^' Fig. 31. Ridolfo Ridolfi. Below is inscribed: RIDOLFO ? DI PAGANO ZZO ? RIDOLFI ? V(ICARI)0 s< 1477 «s Ridolfo di Paganozzo di Bartolo Ridolfi became a Prior, of Florence in 1480, and Gonfaloniere in i486 and 1490. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Ridolfi di Piazza da Firenze; P., 282. 36 ROBBIA HERALDRY 33 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI LORENZO DELLA STUFA. 1478. Volterra, Palazzo dei Priori. Photo., Alinari, 34619. The frame consists of plain architectural mouldings surrounding a wreath of fruit composed of triplex bunches, in colour alternately dark and light, well separated and bound by narrow ribbons. Set against a blue, fluted disk is an oval shield (Fig. 32) with the della Stufa arms: Argent, two lions combatant or; in chief a Latin cross couped gules. Below a winged cherub displays a curved scroll inscribed : \/!\/t ly ¦ ."a" Ih''S/:.\\m^iX Fig. 32. Francesco della Stufa. FRANCISCVS ? LAVRENTII STUFE ? PRESES ? ET ? LEGATV S ? DIGNISSIMVS ? 1464 ? ET ? 1478. Francesco di Lorenzo di Andrea di Lotteringo di Andrea della Stufa had been Prior in Florence in 1463 and held the office of Gonfaloniere in 1482. His son Lorenzo we find as Vicario at Lari in 1524. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Lotteringhi della Stufa; 403-405; W., 176-177. M., L. D. R., 244-245; P., ROBBIA HERALDRY 34 STEMMA OF THE DELLA STUFA FAMILY. ence, Palazzo Stufa. Photo., Private. c. 1478. 37 Flor- This large medallion displays on an oval shield (Fig. 33) the Della Stufa arms : Argent, two lions combatant or, in chief a cross couped gules. Above the shield a white dove holds a scroll inscribed St AB OVO RUIT % These are set against a blue fluted disk. The frame shows a garland of polychromatic fruit, in eight sections separated and bound by Fig. 33. Della Stufa. undulating ribbons, set between double mouldings, a cord and a leaf and dart on the inner and a bead and reel and an egg and dart on the outer side. During the latter half of the fifteenth century the office of Prior was held fourteen times, and that of Gonfaloniere six times, by members of the Delia Stufa family. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 244-245. 35 STEMMA OF MARRIAGE BETWEEN THE GHISLIERI AND MARTINI FAMILIES, c. i486. Florence, Museo Nazionale, No. 71. Photos., Alinari, 2760; Brogi, 9470. On the console of a relief representing the Madonna adoring the Child within a beribboned laurel wreath is a kite shaped shield (Fig. 34) bear- 38 ROBBIA HERALDRY ing a marriage stemma: Per pale, dexter bendy gules (fimbriated argent) and or; sinister argent, a demivol in pale asure. The former represents the arms of some member of the Ghislieri family, the latter those of his Fig. 34. Ghislieri and Martini. wife, a member of the Martini dell' Ala (or possibly of the Landi) family. A stemma of Pietro di Simone Ghislieri dated 1492 is in the Museo Nazio nale and one of Martino di Ser Giovanni Martini dated 1497 is on the Palazzo Pretorio at Radda. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. Brockhaus, 58, Taf. 7; C-M., 208 No. 18; C, s.v. Ghislieri, Landi, Martini dall' Ala; P., 389, Supine, 451 No. 71; W., 152. ROBBIA HERALDRY 39 36 STEMMA OF BERNARDO DI MANNO DONATI AND OF ANTONIO DE' GIROLAMI. c. 1478. Coniston, Brantwood. Mrs. Arthur Severn. On the console of a Madonna adoring the Child, similar to the preced ing, is a green, beribboned, olive or laurel wreath containing the marriage stemma of the Donati and Girolami families. Dexter are the Donati arms : Per fess, argent (base) and or (chief) the latter charged with a lion ram pant gules. The sinister arms are those of the Girolami family : Argent, a bishop's mitre above a cross saltire gules. Mr. Mather sends me the document which indicates that Bernardo di Manno di Manno di Messer Manno Donati was married in 1477 to Antonia di Sichelmo d' Antonio di Girolami. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Document : "1477. Bernardo di Manno d' altro Manno di Messer Manno Donati Antonia di Sichelmo d' Antonio de' Girolami." [Arch, di Stato, Carte Dei, sec. XVIII, Fam. Girolami] Bibl. : C, s.v. Donati, Girolami del Vescoro; Raccolta di Iscrizioni ecc. Carlo Strozzi, sec. XVII, segnato Magliab. Cl. XXVI, Cod. — , c. 164*; Ruskin, XXXIV, 666, pi. 7; W., 138, 143. 37 STEMMA OF GIANFRANCESCO TORNABUONI. 1478, 1479. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 9846. On a slender oval shield (Fig. 35) is displayed the Tornabuoni arms: Per saltire or and vert, a lion rampant counterchanged, with inescutcheon of the Croce del Popolo, a cross gules on a field argent. Below, a scroll, held by two hands of a cherub whose head is missing, bears the inscription : IOHANFRANCISVS ? TORN ABONVS ? VICARIVS ? ET COMISSARIVS ? 1478 ? 1479 Gianfrancesco di Filippo Tornabuoni in 1479 was sent to Leghorn as Capitano and Commissario and in 1493 became a Prior and Gonfaloniere of the Republic of Florence. His mother was Lena di Lorenzo della Stufa. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Tornabuoni ; Litta, s.v. Tornabuoni, Tav. 1 ; M., L. D. R., 246- 247; P.,112-113; W., 78. Fig. 35. Gianfrancesco Tornabuoni. 38 STEMMA OF THE PAZZI FAMILY, c. 1480. Florence, Cupola of Pazzi Chapel Porch. Photos., Alinari, 2177, 2182; Brogi, 9615. The cupola of the porch of the Pazzi chapel was adorned by a concentric series of medallions, the central one (Fig. 36) being the largest and con taining the Pazzi arms : Azure, seme of five crosslets, botonny, fitched, or, two dolphins hauriant, embowed, addorsed of the second. It may be noted that the crosslets are here arranged, one, three, one, instead of two, two, one, as in Jacopo dei Pazzi's stemma in the Palazzo Serristori. The ROBBIA HERALDRY 4i blue shield, in form an equilateral triangle with somewhat waving sides, is set upon a mottled violet fluted disk imitating red porphyry. The frame consists of a garland of fruit and flowers set between an in ner leaf and dart and outer egg and dart moulding. The garland is in distinctly divided into eight sections alternately light and dark, irregularly composed, and only occasionally displaying the tie bands. Atelier of Luca della Robbia. Bibl. : M., L. D. R., 207-208. 39 Fig. 36. Pazzi Arms. STEMMA OF FRESCOBALDI FAMILY, c. 1480. Roslyn, L. I. Collection of Mr. Stanley Mortimer. Photo., from Bardini Catalogue. Purchased at the Bardini sale of 1902. Within a wreath of green laurel, recalling the medallions on the cupola of the porch of the Pazzi chapel, sunken against a white background is a blue fluted disk on which is an oval shield (Fig. 37) containing the Fresco baldi arms : Gules, three chess-rooks argent, a chief or. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1902, Cat. No. 504. Plate, no number. 42 ROBBIA HERALDRY 40 STEMMA OF BERNARDO DI PIERO BORSI. 1481, 1481. Borgo San Sepolcro, Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. A rectangular frame enclosing a kite shaped shield (Fig. 38) on which Fig. 37. Frescobaldi. Fig. 38. Bernardo Borsi. are displayed the Borsi arms : A lion rampant debruised of a bend charged with three borse argent. Below is a tablet inscribed : BERNARDO ? DI PIERO ? BORSI ? C(OMMISSARI)0 ? 1480 + E ? 1481 Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. 41 STEMMA OF SIMONE DI GHAGLIARDO BONCIANI. 1481. Borgo San Sepolcro. Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath composed of pine cones and apples alternating in groups of three and divided by ribbons crossing diagonally is a fluted shell Fig. 39. Simone Bonciani. Fig. 40. Taddeo Antella. which carries an oval shield (Fig. 39), bearing the Bonciani arms: Gules, three pallets vair argent, with a chief or. Below is a rectangular tablet on which two seated winged putti display a scroll inscribed : ROBBIA HERALDRY 43 SIMONE ? DI GHA GLIARDO ? BON CIANI ? C(OMMISSARI)0 ? 1481 ? Two years later we find Simone di Ghagliardo di Bonciani one of the Priors of Florence. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Bonciani; P., 145; W., 130. 42 STEMMA OF TADDEO DI GIOVANNI DELL' ANTELLA. 1482. Borgo San Sepolcro, Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath constructed like that bearing the arms of Simone Bon ciani and similarly set on a fluted shell, an oval shield (Fig. 40) bears the dell' Antella arms : Argent, a chevron gules. Below, a single cherub displays a tablet inscribed : TADDEO + DI GIOVANNI + DELA(N)TELLA ? C(OMMISSARI)0 ? 1481 ? E ? 1482 ? Taddeo di Giovanni was Prior of Florence in 1413, 1428, 1435, I444 and 1479, and Gonfaloniere in 1435, 1444. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Antella; P., 53; W., 125. 43 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI TADDEO DELL' ANTELLA. 1482. Pistoia, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a rectangular white frame, against a green ground is set an oval shield (Fig. 41 ) bearing the Dell' Antella arms : Argent, a chevron gules. Below is a tablet inscribed : GIOVANNI ? DI TADDEO ? DE L A(N)TELLA ? PO (DESTA) ? 1482 Giovanni di Taddeo di Giovanni di Masino dell' Antella was Prior of Florence in. 1453, 1467, 1473, 1477, and in 1480, and Gonfaloniere in 1467 and 1477. He was brother to the Lodovico who was Podesta at Galluzzo 44 ROBBIA HERALDRY in 1473, and probably son of the Taddeo di Giovanni who was Commis- sionario at Borgo San Sepolcro in 1481, 1482. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Antella; P., 53; W., 125. iDEODEl MmHiu Fig. 41. Giovanni Antella. 44 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO D' ANTONIO BENCI. 1482. An ghiari, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. On a rectangular tablet framed with plain architectural mouldings set on a violet panel decorated with green vine scrolls is an oval shield (Fig. 42), bearing the Benci arms: Argent, bendy bretisse azure. Below is a rectangular tablet inscribed : FRANCESCO ? DANTONIO ? BENCI ? V(ICARI)0 1482 Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. ROBBIA HERALDRY 45 Bibl. : C, gives several Benci families with other coats of arms; P., omits the arms; W., 129 gives the arms as Bendy bretisse of six or and azure. -:,a /^%vf ¦ JWWlMlOH 4BEl€!f If 8Zj- Fig. 42. Francesco Benci. 45 STEMMA OF THE GINORI FAMILY, c. 1482. New York, Col lection of Mr. Thomas F. Ryan. Photo, from Bardac Catalogue. Formerly in the collection of Mr. Maurice Kann, then in that of Sigis- mond Bardac, this fine stemma passed into the collection of Mr. Thomas F. Ryan of New York. On an oval shield (Fig. 43) there are displayed the arms of the Ginori : Azure, a bend or charged with three eight-pointed estoiles of the first. The winged putto who supports the shield resembles the Bust of a Boy in the Museo Nazionale, No. 75. The seeded scroll ornament at the base of the shield suggests the decoration of the consoles of Luca's Cantoria. The background is mottled violet in imitation of porphyry. This stemma may have been made for Gino di Francesco Ginori, a Prior of Florence in 1471. Andrea della Robbia's atelier supplied coats of arms for Gino di Giuliano Ginori, Vicario at S. Giovanni Valdarno in 1489 and 1490, and for Alessandro di Gino, Podesta and Commissario at Casti glione Fiorentino in 1507. By Andrea della Robbia. Fig. 43. Ginori Arms. Bibl. : Cat. Maurice Kann, No. 200; Cat. Sigismond Bardac, No. 30; C, s.v. Ginori; M., A. in A., 1914, 242-246; L. D. R., 233-234; P., 460-462. 46 STEMMA OF GUERRIERI DI TEBALDO DE ROSSI AND HIS WIFE ANTONIA D' ALESSANDRO BUONDELMONTI. c. 1483. Florence, Palazzo Antinori. As the villa known as Colombali or Le Rose, purchased by Niccolo di Tommaso di Bernardo Antinori in 1487 was previously owned by the de Rossi family, it seems likely that this stemma came into the possession of the Antinori family at that time. It represents a putto supporting an oval shield on which is displayed the marriage stemma of some member of the de Rossi family with a Buondelmonti. I regret that my notes, hurriedly taken, are deficient. The arms are, however, divided Per pale, and on the dexter side is Argent (?) a tree vert. The sinister arms are Per fess Azure( ?) and argent( ?), in base a mount of six summits or. In the Sepol- ROBBIA HERALDRY 47 tuario cod. 628 and in the Codice Araldico the de Rossi arms display a tree vert set on a mount of six summits or; can it be that the golden mount, here separated from the tree vert, belongs to the de Rossi arms ? This is most unlikely. The ancient. Buondelmonti arms are Per fess, Azure and argent, to which were added later a mount of six summits azure bearing a cross gules (CroUalanza), but Giovanni della Robbia records the Buondelmonti arms with a mount or on the large altarpiece in the Walter's Collection, Baltimore. The heraldry of the de Rossi family is unusually variable, the ¦same may be said of that of the Buondelmonti family. Mr. Mather notifies me that in 1451 Guerrieri di Tebaldo de Rossi married Antonia d' Alessan dro Buondelmonti, that both were alive in 1478, but by 1489 Antonia was left a widow. There seems therefore to be good reason to consider this as a marriage stemma of this couple, made before the Villa Le Rose passed out of the possession of the Rossi family. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Document : "Guerrierius Tebaldi Guerrierij de Rossi pop. S. Felicita Ant" Aless* Tegliai Aless" de Montebuoni (Buondelmonti) nel 1451 alia gabella." [Zibaldone del Migliore, segnato Magliab. Cl. XXVI Cod. 146, c. 61 J Bibl. : Arch, di Stato, Sepoltuario, Sec. XVII, segnato Sched. Manoscritti Cod. 628, c. 212; Bib. Nazionale, codice Araldico, del Rosso arms; C, s.v. Rossi di Firenze, Bondelmonti, W., 131, 170. 47 STEMMA OF BERNARDO DI MARCO SALVIATI. 1484. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, No. 9847. Within a white frame containing a garland of white roses with green leaves is a blue fluted shell against which is set an oval shield (Fig. 44) bearing the Salviati arms : Argent, bendy bretisse gules. The fillets and roundels of the frame are well proportioned and the roses, arranged for the most part in bunches of three alternately single and double, follow An drea's conventions. Below, a tablet, like that of the Bonciani stemma of 1481 at Borgo San Sepolcro, exhibiting two seated winged putti holding a scroll, is inscribed : BERNARDI- MARCI FORESIS- EQVITIS DE SALVIATIS • IN SINGNIA- 1484- Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. FORESIS-eoVITTSjL '"' Fig. 44. Bernardo Salviati. Bibl. : C, s.v. Salviati; W., 172-173. 48 STEMMA OF JACOPO RISALITI AND OF HIS WIFE. c. 1484. Florence, S. Simone. Photo., Brogi, 9705. On the console of a tabernacle now employed as a frame for a Gothic tabernacle, between the outspread wings of a cherub head is a green laurel wreath (Fig. 45) enclosing a double coat of arms: Party per pale, dexter the Risaliti arms : Azure, two' lions' paws erased in saltire argent; sinister the Baldovinetti arms : Gules, a lion rampant or. This is a memorial of the marriage of Jacopo Risaliti and Bartolommea Baldovinetti in 1384. The Robbia tabernacle was erected by Jacopo's descendants for the welfare of his soul and that of his father Gieri. It is inscribed : PELL ANIMA ? DIGIERI ? RISALITI ? EDI lACOPO ? SUO FILGLVOLO ? EDEDISCIENDENTI ? DIDETTO ? lACOPO ? 1363 ? ROBBIA HERALDRY 49 The date 1363 is known to be the date of Gieri's last testament and was without doubt also the date of his death. Judging by the style of the monu- Fig. 45. Jacopo Risaliti and His Wife. ment we may assign it to the same period as the Salviati stemma at S. Giovanni in Valdarno. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. C, s.v. Risaliti, Baldovinetti; W., 126, 169. 50 ROBBIA HERALDRY 49 STEMMA OF LORENZO D'ANPHRIONE LENZI. .1484. Borgo San Sepolcro, Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. In a rectangular frame is set an oval shield (Fig. 46) on which are the Lenzi arms : Azure, a bull's head affronty or. Below is a tablet inscribed : LORENZO ? DA NPHRIONE ? LEN ZI ? C(APITAN)0 ? ET COMM ESARIO ? 1484 Lorenzo d'Anphrione di Lorenzo di Piero di Lenzo Lenzi had been Prior in Florence in 1475 and was again Prior and Gonfaloniere in 1495. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Lenzi; P., 662; W., 149. Fig. 46. Lorenzo Lenzi. Fig. 47. Filippo Cappelli. 50 STEMMA OF FILIPPO DI GIOVANNI DI FILIPPO CAP PELLI. 1485. Scarperia, Palazzo del Vicariato. Photo., Private. Within a wreath with bunches of fruit chiefly triplex, separated by fluted ribbons, is a kite shaped shield (Fig. 47) set against a flat plate and bearing the Cappelli arms : Or, a prelate's hat with tassel gules. Below, a winged cherub unfolds a slightly curved scroll on which is : FILIPPO ? DIGIOVA NNI ? DIFILIPPO ? CA PPEGLI ? V(ICARI)0 ? 1485 « Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Cappelli; W., 133. ROBBIA HERALDRY 51 STEMMA OF ANTONIO MALEGONELLE. Sepolcro, Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. I485- 5i Borgo San Within a wreath of fruit in groups of three divided by ribbons straight across, against a fluted shell, is a tournament shield now set upside down (Fig. 48) bearing the Malegonelle arms: Or, three pallets asure sur mounted by a fess argent. Below is a rectangular scroll inscribed : ANT ? MALEGONEL + IVRISCONS ? PRES ? ET COMMISS ? MCCCCLXXXV Maestro Antonio di Piero di Niccolo di Tommaso Malegonelle, juris consult, president and commissary at Borgo San Sepolcro in 1485, held the office of Prior in Florence in 1480, 1489 and 1492. Bibl. : C, s.v. Malegonelle; P., 333; W., 151. Fig. 48. Antonio Malegonelli. Fig. 49. Salviati Arms. 52 STEMMA OF THE SALVIATI FAMILY, c. 1485. Roslyn, L. I. Collection of Mr. Stanley Mortimer. Photo., from Bardini Cat alogue. Purchased at the Bardini sale of 1902. Within a wreath composed of triplex groups of fruit bound by ribbons straight across, is a blue fluted disk bearing an oval shield (Fig. 49) with the Salviati arms : Argent, two bends bretisse gules. We may note that at S. Giovanni in Valdarno the arms of Bernardo Salviati showed three bends bretisse gules. These variations are not uncommon in Italian her aldry. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1902, Cat., No. 509, Plate, no number; M., D. R. A., 100; W., 172. 52 ROBBIA HERALDRY 53 STEMMA OF THE DEI FAMILY, c. 1485. Roslyn, L. I. Col lection of Mr. Stanley Mortimer.' Formerly in the Bardini collection. Within a wreath composed of triplex bunches of fruit separated by sunk en bands straight across, is a white fluted disk on which is an oval shield (Fig. 50) with the arms of the Dei family: Azure, a bend or, with a label- of Anjou of four points gides enclosing three lilies or. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1902, Cat. No. 509, Plate, no number; C, s.v. Dei (gules, a bend or) ; M., D. R. A., 103. Fig. 50. Dei Arms. Fig. 51. Riccardo Guiducci. 54 STEMMA OF RICCARDO DI TOMMASO GUIDUCCI. 1485. Pistoia, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. In a wreath, composed of triplex bunches of fruit separated by trans verse fluted ribbons are displayed (Fig. 51) the Guiducci arms: Per pale; dexter, vairy argent and azure; sinister, chequy or and gules. Below is a tablet inscribed : RICARDO A DI TOMMASO A GHVIDVCI A P(ODEST)A A 1485 A Riccardo di Tommaso di Simone di Francesco di Simone di Guiduccio di Puccio, Podesta at Pistoia in 1485, had been already Prior in Florence in 1469. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Guiducci; P., 463. ROBBIA HERALDRY 53 55 STEMMA OF BARTOLOMMEO BUONDELMONTI AND HIS WIFE ALESSANDRA DI GUGLIELMO PAZZI. 1485. London, Collection of Lady Naylor Leyland. At either end of the predella of an altarpiece representing the Epiphany are kite shaped shields. The dexter shield contains the Buondelmonti arms : Azure, a mount of six tops or surmounted by a cross gules. The sinister shield displays the Pazzi arms : Azure, two dolphins hauriant, em bowed, addorsed or,. with five crosslets of the first (a lighter shade). Bartolommeo Buondelmonti in 1483 married Alessandra di Guglielmo Pazzi. The altarpiece may have been erected soon afterward. The tinc tures of both coats of arms are irregular. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Buondelmonti; Pazzi; P., 827, 146; W., 131, 162-163. NCHCGFDEL ttllEROV'HKflJ Fig. 52. Piero del Nero. 56 STEMMA OF PIERO DI FRANCESCO DEL NERO. i486. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a rectangular tablet framed with undecorated mouldings is set an oval shield (Fig. 52) bearing the stemma of the Del Nero famliy: 54 ROBBIA HERALDRY Sable, a hound salient argent, collared gules. Below, a horizontal scroll is inscribed : PIERO ? DI FRA NCESCO ? DEL NERO ? V(ICARI)0 ? i486 ? Piero di Francesco di Filippo del Nero was Prior in Florence in 1476 and again in 1492. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Nero (del) di Firenze (CroUalanza gives the field as gules, but Mr. R. G. Mather reports that various sepoltuarii and prioristi give it sable) ; P., 656-657 (gives it as sable) . 57 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI BETTO. i486. Borgo San Loren zo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. On a white rectangular frame is set an oval shield bearing the arms: Argent, a mount of six summits gules, crossed by a bend azure. The lower part of the frame is broadened and contains the inscription : GIOVANNI DI BETTO ? PO (DESTA) ? i486 ? ' 58 STEMMA OF FILIPPO DI GIOVANNI DELL' ANTELLA. i486. Borgo San Sepolcro, Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit in groups of three separated slightly by rib bons straight across, set against a blue fluted shell, an oval shield (Fig. 53) bears the Antella arms: Argent, a chevron gules. Fig. 53. Filippo Antella. Below it a horizontal scroll is inscribed : FILIPPO ? DI GIOVA NNI ? DEL ANTELLA ? CA(PITANO) ? i486 * Filippi di Giovanni di Taddeo di Giovanni dell' Antella, who was Prior ROBBIA HERALDRY 55 in Florence in the years 1483, 1493, 15I7, i521, T528 and Gonfaloniere in 1493 and 1517, was Capitano at Borgo San Sepolcro in i486. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Antella; P., 53"54; W., 125. 59 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI BONACCORSO PITTI. i486. Certaldo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 8534. Within a wreath of eight bunches of fruit, of triplex composition, fas tened by ribbons straight across, is an oval shield (Fig. 54), set against a Fig. 54. Giovanni Pitti. blue fluted shell surrounded by plain fillet moulding, bearing the Pitti arms : iBarry nebuly, argent and sable. A winged cherub upholds a curved scroll inscribed : GIOVANNI ? DI • BONACHORSO ? PI TTI ? VI(CARI)0 ? i486 ? Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Carocci, A. I. D. I., V(iSg6), 4-7; C, s.v. Pitti; Cr., 336; W., 165. 60 STEMMA OF COSIMO DI FRANCESCO SASSETTI. c. i486. Pistoia, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath composed of triplex bunches of fruit, alternately dark and light, separated by transverse ribbons, set against a blue disk on which 56 ROBBIA HERALDRY are yellow slings with stones (sassetti) is suspended a tournament shield (Fig. 55) with the Sassetti arms: Argent, a bendlet asure fimbriated or. No tablet is set beneath it. The wreath indicates a date, c. 1485-1495, and we naturally think of Francesco di Tommaso Sassetti who commis sioned Ghirlandaio to decorate the Sassetti Chapel in S. Trinita in 1485. Fig. SS- Cosimo Sassetti. Fig. 56. Francesco Sassetti. Tommaso di Federigo Sassetti was Podesta at Borgo San Lorenzo in 1502. Cosimo di Francesco di Tommaso, Prior of Florence in 1503, 1523, and 1527, and Gonfaloniere in 1524, was Podesta at Pistoia in 1520. As he was the only member of the Sassetti family who held this office at Pistoia, the arms, though of an earlier type, were probably set up in 1520. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Documents : 1. "1520. Cosimo di Franc0 Sassetti pa p° Ag°", [Archiv. di Stato. Cod. Carta intit. Ufizi Diversi sec. segnato sched. Manoscritti No. 496, c. 418] 2. "Potestas pistorii cum Salario lib. Duaru Miliu quadringentarum pro quodlibet Semestri sibi dado a dicta Comun (itate) pistorii 1 XVII Cu Uno Iudice doctorato uno Milite socio not0 Duobus aliis Notarijs XV famulis inter quos sit unus Conestabilis Comun (itate) pistorii 1 2400 Quatuor equis Cosimus franc1 tomasij d. sassettis-p. 6 mensibus — p° augusti 1520 [Archiv. di Stato. Registrum Extrinsecorum 1 505-1 529, Segnato Tratte Cod. 71 c. 6] Bibl. C, s.v. Sassetti; P., 842-843; Tigri, 133; W., 173. ROBBIA HERALDRY 57 61 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI TOMMASO SASSETTI. c. i486. Florence, S. Trinita, Cappella Sassetti. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of twelve bunches of alternately dark and light coloured fruit of rigidly triplex composition, separated by yellow ribbons straight across, is a tournament shield (Fig. 56) set against a flat plate on which are represented two slings made of rope and containing stones (sassetti). On the shield are displayed the Sassetti arms : Argent, a bendlet azure fimbriated or. The date i486, after the decoration of the chapel by Ghirlandaio on the order of Francesco di Tommaso Sassetti seems probable. However, this stemma appears to be modern and may have been set up when the chapel was restored by Count Luigi Sassetti and his son Francesco in 1896. Style of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, v.s. Sassetti; W., 173. Fig. 57. Wool Merchants. 62 STEMMA OF THE ARTE DELLA LANA. i486. Florence. Opera del Duomo. Photo., Alinari, 17097. The Arte della Lana took a leading part in the building of the Cathedral and of a palace for the Operai. The arms of this guild occurs twice in the Opera del Duomo: (1) in the Sala della Deputazione, and (2) on the vault of the entrance hall. Within, a wreath of triplex bunches of fruit 58 ROBBIA HERALDRY separated by fluted ribbons (Fig. 57) are set the arms: Azure, an Agnus Dei, nimbed, argent, carrying a banner argent with the Croce del Popolo les. In chief is a label of five points containing four lilies gules. By Andrea della Robbia. Documents : 1. " + MCCCCLXXXVJ Andrea di marcho della Robbia de dare adj iij di marzo 1 dodicj s x picciol. porto giovannj suo fig- luolo chontantj per parte dun chonpaso dato allopera per la vol ta sopra e minjstrj per poliza del proveditore dj no 63 — 1 12 s 10 dj — 1487 E de dare adi xxvij di marzo 1487 1 dodicj s x piccioli porto e detto chontanti per Resto del chonpasso della volta della stanza dellopera per poliza delprovedi- tore — 1 12 s 10 dj — " 3. " + MCCCCLXXXVIJ Spese dopera di Santa maria del fiore deono dare 2. " + MCCCCLXXXVJ Andrea di marcho della robbia chontroscritto de avere adi XXX di givngnjo 1 ventj cinque piccioli per luj da spese dopera posto debbjno dare in questo c 69 — 1 25 s — " E deono dare adi xxx di giungnjo 1 ventj cinque piccioli per loro a Andrea di marcho della robbia posto debbj avere in questo c 42 chonpassi f attj allopera per poliza del proveditore di n° 281 — 1 25 s-" [Archiv. dell' Opera di S. Maria del Fiore, Quaderno di Cassa di To- maso di nicholo giovan, Kamerario per 6 mesi comiciati adi primo digien- naio MCCCCLXXXVJ c. 41', 42, 69.] Bibl. : Poggi, Cat., 7-12, 23; Staley, 164, 168. ROBBIA HERALDRY 59 63 STEMMA OF THE ARTE DELLA LANA. c. i486. La Verna, Chiesa Maggiore. The Arte della Lana aided in raising funds for building the church. Hence their two marble stemmi on the fagade and the Robbia stemma on the vault of the church, similar to the stemma in the Museo dell' Opera del Duomo at Florence. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Cr., 171 ; Mencherini, 256. 64 STEMMA OF THE ANTINORI FAMILY, c. i486. New York, Collection of Mr. J. P. Morgan. In the console of a relief of the Madonna adoring the Child, similar to No. 71 in the Museo Nazionale, a green olive or laurel wreath bears the Antinori arms: Or, a chief lozengy of azure and of the field. Possibly the individual referred to was Niccolo di Tommaso Antinori, Prior of Florence in 1483, 1496, 1501, Gonfaloniere in 15 14, purchaser in 1487 of the Villa at Colombali, or Le Rose, a few miles outside of the Porta Ro mana, Florence. From this Villa came the lunette of the Resurrection now in the Museum of the Brooklyn Institute, which also< bears the Antinori arms. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Antinori: P., 516; W., 126. 65 STEMMA OF THE ANTINORI FAMILY, c. i486. Florence, Palazzo Antinori. Within a wreath of fruit an oval shield bears the Antinori arms : Or, a chief lozengy asure and of the field. Possibly referable to Niccolo di Tom maso Antinori, Prior in Florence in 1483. Bibl. : As preceding. 60 ROBBIA HERALDRY 66 STEMMA OF THE MARTINI DALL' ALA FAMILY, c. i486. Florence, Private Collection. Photo., Private. On an attractive console with two winged putti as supporters (Fig. 58) is an oval shield bearing the Martino dell' Ala arms : Argent, a demi vol Fig. 58. Martini Arms. in pale azure. A Martino di Ser Giovanni Martini was Podesta at Radda in 1497. Various members of this family held high office" in Florence. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Martino dall' Ala; P., 389; W., 152. 67 STEMMA OF MARRIAGE BETWEEN THE PAOLI AND MAZ- ZINGHI FAMILIES, c. i486. Florence, Museo Nazionale, No. 23. Photo., Brogi, 4744. On the console of a relief of the Madonna adoring the Child, within a winged disk (Fig. 59), is a marriage coat of arms: Dexter, the Paoli arms: Gules (base), a bend asure charged with five lilies gules, and or (chief); Sinister, the Mazzinghi arms: Asure, three maces in fess, heads downward, argent. Mr. Rufus G. Mather has found from Ancisa, NN8, that Maestro Giogualberto di Ser Francesco di Paolo Paoli married Sandra di Simone di Jacopo Mazzinghi in the year i486. The relief can not be earlier than that date. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Ancisa, NN, 8; C-M., 105, 219 No. 83; C, s.v. Paoli, Mazzinghi; Supino, 440, No. 23; W., 153, 162. ROBBIA HERALDRY 61 Fig. 59. Paoli and Mazzinghi. 68 STEMMA OF TOMMASO DI PIERO MALEGONELLE. 1487. Borgo San Sepolcro, Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit in groups of three divided by ribbons straight across is set against a flat plaque an oval shield (Fig. 60) bearing the Mal- agonelle arms : Or, three pallets asure, crossed by a f ess argent. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : TOMMASO ? DI PIE RO ? MALEGHO- NELLE ? CO(MMISSARIO) ? 1487. Tommaso di Piero di Nicolo di Tommaso was a brother of Antonio Malegonelle and Prior in Florence in 1485. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. 62 ROBBIA HERALDRY Bibl. : C, s.v. Malegonelle; P., 333*; W., 151. Fig. 60. Tommaso Malegonelli. 69 STEMMA OF A. BERTINI. 1 486-1 487. Volterra, Palazzo dei Priori. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of triplex bunches of fruit separated by fluted trans verse ribbons set against a fluted violet (imitation of porphyry) disk is an oval shield (Fig. 61) with the Bertini arms: Argent, two bendlets azure accompanied by two mullets of eight points or. P*<5s\ 1 '^r---.'"'^'': ^^' fe j 'J • It) PfrifWK rlS^^^&I Fig. 61. A. Bertini. ROBBIA HERALDRY 63 Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : A CHO DI BERTINI C(APITAN)0 i486 E 1487 Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Bertini. 70 STEMMA OF LORENZO DI ANGELO CARDUCCI. 1487. Pi stoia, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Unframed, and without an inscribed tablet, a tournament shield (Fig. 62) bears the arms of Lorenzo Carducci, who according to the records held the office of Podesta at Pistoia from the first of April, 1487. The Wf; 1W-. W m^wi mnSo[ Bwk '¦c^^.r \ fefffiigrl ttL~r i .- iff^NJI^ ^\. -f^ Fig. 62. Carducci Arms. Carducci arms are : Barry of six argent and azure, a bend or. Lorenzo di Angelo di Bartolo Carducci was Prior of Florence in 1474, Gonfaloniere in 1483, and Prior again in 1488. His son Angelo was Capitano at Pistoia in 1523. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Documents : "Po pistorij-cum uno judice doctorato uno Milite socio not° duobus alijs notarijs Quattuor domicellis xv famul. inter quos sit 1 con(stabilis) Quattuor equis cumsalario libr. duarum milium quadrigentarum pro quolibet semestrj sibi solvendarum ad(i)c(t)a comu- nitate pistorij 64 ROBBIA HERALDRY Laurentius angeli bart° carduccj - ex - 84 die - p° - ap(ri)lis 1487" [Archivio di Stato. Registrum Extrinsecorum 1472-1491 segnato Tratte 69 c. 27] 2. "1487. Lor° d' Agnolo Carduccj P" p° Aple" [Archiv. di Stato Cod. Carta intit. Ufizi Diversi Sec. XVII Segnato Sched. Manoscritti No. 496, a c. 417.] Bibl. : C, s.v. Carducci; P., 624-626 (gives the bend gules); W., 134. 71 EMBLEM OF JESUS. 1487. Perugia, S. Pietro dei Cassinensi, Refectory. Photo., Private. Framed in continuous wreaths of fruit and flowers, set on the vaults of the refectory of S. Pietro dei Cassinensi are three medallions, the cen tral one containing the emblem of Jesus (Fig. 63), which consists of Fig. 63. Emblem of Jesus the first three letters of the name Ljcroils, latinized as J(esus) H(ominum) S(alvator). It was frequently in Franciscan monasteries associated with S. Bernardino. Here, however, it appears to be used as a general Chris tian rather than a specifically Franciscan emblem. ' The emblem may be described heraldically as: Azure, monogram of Jesus or, surrounded by twenty-four rays alternately straight and wavy of the same. This is a documented monument, of the year 1487, by Benedetto Buglioni. ROBBIA HERALDRY 65 Bibl. : Fabriczy, Riv. d'Arte, II (1904), 140 (Doc). 72 EMBLEM OF JESUS, c. 1487. Perugia, S. Pietro dei Cassinensi, Hall before Refectory. Photo., Fotog. dell' Emilia, Bologna. On the predella or base of the lunette representing Christ and the Sa maritan Woman at the Well two flying angels support a wreath contain ing the Sacred Name or Emblem of Jesus, executed in gold on a blue ground. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Same as preceding. 73 EMBLEM OF JESUS, c. 1487. Paris, Collection of fimile Gavet. (formerly.) The letters I H S are in Gothic form, yellow against a blue ground. The frame has an inner cord moulding and is ornamented with garlands of green leaves and small blue and white flowers divided by yellow bands into eight sections. Bibl. : Gavet Sale of 1897, Cat., no. 196. 74 EMBLEM OF JESUS, c. 1487. Paris, Collection of fimile Gavet, (formerly). This medallion is slightly oval, 0.31m x 0.295m., concave in the centre, where are the letters I H S, and convex in the outer zone where are the rays of light. Letters and rays are yellow, background blue. Robbia School. Bibl. : Gavet Sale of 1897, Cat., No. 197; Molinier, Coll. Gavet, 6, No. 11, second frontispiece. 75 EMBLEM OF JESUS, c. 1487. New York, Bardini Collection, Sale of April 1918. Diam., 0.635m. Within a wreath of triplex bunches of fruit separated by fluted ribbons 66 ROBBIA HERALDRY is a blue plate (Fig. 64) containing in yellow the Sacred Name or Mono gram, I H S, from which radiate straight and wavy streaks of golden light. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. Bardini Sale of 1908, Cat., No. 364. Fig. 64. Emblem of Jesus. 76 EMBLEM OF JESUS, c. 1487. Vienna, Collection of Prince Liechtenstein. Photo., Liechtenstein Gallery. Within a polychromatic wreath of fruit, flowers and wheat irregularly composed, and an inner cord moulding, set against a blue disk is the em blem of Jesus I H S in yellow letters surmounted by straight and wavy streaks of golden light. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. 77 STEMMA OF POPE INNOCENT VIII (1484-1492). Rome, Vatican, Sala Borgia. Photo., Alinari, 11874; Brogi, 16414. Supported by two angels, in style of Antonio Rossellino and Verrocchio, is a large wreath of continuous fruit and flowers within which is a berib- boned Tuscan shield (Fig. 65) bearing the Cibo arms: Gules, a bend chequy argent and azure; in a chief argent, a cross of the Teutonic Order ROBBIA HERALDRY 67 gules. Above the shield is the Papal tiara, and keys in saltire or and argent, indicating that these are the arms of that most illustrious member of the Cibo family, Giovanni Battista, who was Pope from 1484 to 1492 under the name of Innocent VIII. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Begni, 126; Cr., 353. Fig. 65. Innocent VIII. 78 STEMMA OF OTTAVIANO DI CESARE PETRUCCI. 1488. Poppi, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, No. 9794. Within a wreath of triplex bunches of fruit set on a flat blue plate is a notched tournament shield (Fig. 66) bearing the Petrucci arms: Ar gent, a cross gules between two mullets of eight rays azure, a chief gules * -- tfEFB^fcSCO-SVOfl - j^flC Fig. 77. Lorenzo and Francesco Davanzati. Below, a tabella ansata is inscribed : LORENZO ? DI PIERO + DAVANZATI ? P(ODEST)A ? i486 + E FRA(N)CESCO ? SVO ? FI GLIOLO ? P(ODEST)A ? 1490 ? Lorenzo di Piero di Niccolaio Davanzati had been Prior in Florence in 1 46 1 and 1485, and his son Francesco in 1488. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Davanzati; P. 267-269; W., 137. 78 ROBBIA HERALDRY 88 STEMMA OF THE DAVANZATI FAMILY, c. 1490. Florence, Bardini Collection (1895). Within a fruit frame against a flat violet disk is a shield with the Davan zati arms : Asure, a lion rampant or. Probably ordered by Lorenzo or Francesco Davanzati, in whose honour a stemma and tablet were set up at Pistoia in 1490. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia; Bibl. : Same as the preceding. 89 STEMMA OF GINO DI GIULIANO GINORI. 1489, 1490. San Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers and wheat, in which the fruit is ar ranged in transverse lines of three, against a blue, fluted disk is set a kite M 1 flANG-GIi !OpJ Al Fig. 78. Gino Ginori. shaped shield (Fig. 78) containing the Ginori arms: Azure, a bend or charged with three mullets of eight points of the field. To this is added, in chief, a lily or. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : A GINO A DI GIVL IANO A GINORI A 1489 A E 1490 Gino di Giuliano di Francesco was a Prior of Florence in 1455 and Gon- ROBBIA HERALDRY 79 faloniere as well as Prior in 1495. His son Alesandro was Podesta and Commissario at Castiglione Fiorentino in 1507. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Ginori; P., 460-462. 90 STEMMA OF BERNARDO DI PAZZINO DI LUCALBERTI. 1490. Scarperia, Palazzo del Vicariato. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath irregularly composed of fruit, wheat and flowers, a Tuscan shield (Fig- 79) bears the Lucalberti arms: Azure, a vol or. Fig. 79. Bernardo Lucalberti. Below, on a horizontal scroll is inscribed : A BERNARDO A DI PAZINO A DILUC A A ALBERTI A V(ICARI)0 A 1490 Bernardo di Pazzino di Lucalberti was a Prior in Florence in 1452, 1469, and Gonfaloniere in 1480. Robbia School. Bibl. C, s.v. Lucalberti; P., 470; W., 150. 80 ROBBIA HERALDRY 91 STEMMA OF PIERO DI NICCOLO DEL BENINO. Volterra, Palazzo dei Priori. Photo., Alinari, 34619. 1489, 1490. Within a wreath of fruit in triplex bunches separated by plain, trans verse ribbons, and an inner egg and dart moulding is a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 80) bearing the del Benino arms : Argent, a unicorn rampant gules. Fig. 80. Piero del Benino. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : ? PIERO ? DI NICOLO ? DANDREA ? DEL BENINO ? CAPITANO A 1489 A 9o PIETRO ? DIGHIRIGORO ? DEL BENI(N)0 ? 1441 FRANCESCO ? DI NICOLO ? D(E)L BE(NIN)0 ? 1450 Piero di Niccolo d'Andrea del Benino here records not only his own office as captain in 1489 and 1490, but that of his relatives Pietro di Geri- goro and Francesco di Niccolo. The latter was probably his brother. Members of this family held the office of Prior in Florence thirty-one times and that of Gonfaloniere five times. Robbia School. Frame, Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Benini; P., 387. ROBBIA HERALDRY 81 92 STEMMA OF THE MANNELLI FAMILY. Frame c. 1490. New York, Bardini Sale of 1918. Within a wreath of alternating bunches of pine cones and quinces sepa rated by transverse grooved ribbons and an inner wreath of acorn branches on a blue plate, is set a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 81) bearing the Fig. 81. Mannelli Arms. Mannelli arms : Gules, three swords bendwise in pale argent, hilted or; a chief of the Teutonic Order, argent, a cross potent gules (here brown). Various members of this family held high office in Florence. Frame, Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1918, Cat, No. 363; C, s.v. Manelli; P., 453-454; W., 151. 93 EMBLEM OF THE SFORZA FAMILY, c. 1490. S. Fiora, Pieve. Photos., Alinari, 9277; Lombardi, 1370. The base of Andrea della Robbia's charming relief representing the Bap tism consists of a frieze which extends also beneath the frame. It is ornamented with a series of yellow quinces (Fig. 82) with green leaves and brown stems, the emblem of the Sforza family who had a castle in the vicinity and were patrons of the Pieve. By Andrea della Robbia. Fig. 82. Sforza Emblem. Bibl. : C-M., 254 No. 315; C, s.v. Sforza di Milano; Cr., 219; Repetti, s.v. Santa Fiora; R., D. R., 192-194; Sc. FI., Ill, 170-171; S., 109, Abb. H5- 94 MONOGRAM OF THE TRINITY, c. 1490. Arezzo, Duomo. Photo, Alinari, 9702. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Trinity is the symbol of the Compagnia della Trinita, the donors of the altarpiece (Fig. 83). It consists of the letters TRS, for TR(INITA)S. In the centre of the predella is a medallion of the Madonna worshipped by the members of the Compagnia. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : B., Denk. 84, Taf. 260; Cr., 170; R., D. R., 177; Sc. FI, III, 162; Vas., II, 179. Fig. 83. Compagnia della Trinita. 95 STEMMA OF THE BECCHI-FIBBIAI FAMILY, c. 1490. Lon don, Victoria and Albert Museum, No. 4503-'58- Photo., Private. Within a frame containing egg and dart (outer) and pearl (inner) 84 ROBBIA HERALDRY mouldings on a violet disk is a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 84) .show ing the Becchi-Fibbiai arms : Azure, a pine tree on a mount of six sum mits accompanied by two lions affronty, all proper. Between 1437 and 1527 this family gave to Florence thirteen Priors.. 1 Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Fig. 84. Becchi-Fibbiai. Bibl. : C-M., 270 No. 403; C, s.v. Becchi-Fibbiai; Cr., 346; P., 261; Robin son, 71 No. 4563. 96 EMBLEM OF S. LORENZO, c. 1490. New York, Bardini Col lection, Sale of April, 19 18. Within a wreath of fruit of triplex composition separated by plain bands is a white egg and dart moulding enclosing a blue disk (Fig. 85) on which is a gridiron violet (gules) from which spring two ears of wheat in saltire or and a cross botonny, fitched, argent. A different emblem of S. Lorenzo may be seen at S. Marco Vecchio, near Florence. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1918, Cat., No. 362. Fig. 85. Emblem of S. Lorenzo. 97 EMBLEM OF S. LORENZO. Florence (near), S. Marco Vecchio. The suburban chapel of S. Marco Vecchio was a dependency of the Florentine church of S. Lorenzo. Accordingly over the portal was placed a medallion showing a gridiron sable, from which issued two palms vert and above which is a crown or. Robbia School. 98 STEMMA OF BARTOLOMMEO BUONDELMONTI AND HIS WIFE ALESSANDRA PAZZI. c. 1490. Baltimore, Collection of Mr. Henry Walters. Photo, Private. On the base of the frame of the relief representing the Madonna ador ing the Child two winged putti serve as supporters of a medallion contain ing the joint Buondelmonti and Pazzi arms (Fig. 86). Arms in medal lions rather than shields are not uncommon in Robbia ware and do not necessarily indicate the arms of a woman. In this case, for example, the joint arms refer to a marriage, without doubt that of Bartolommeo di Rosso Buondelmonti and of Alessandra daughter of Guglielmo Pazzi and of Bianca di Piero de'Medici, sister of Lorenzo the Magnificent. This took place in 1483. The dexter arms are those of the Buondelmonti : Ar gent, a cross of Calvary gules on a mount of six tops azure; the sinister 86 ROBBIA HERALDRY arms are those of the Pazzi : Azure, two dolphins hauriant, embowed, ad dorsed or with five crosslets of the same, in chief a label of Anjou. By Andrea della Robbia. Fig. 86. Bartolommeo Buondelmonti and His Wife. Bibl. : C-M., 351 No. 291 ; C, s.v. Bondelmonti, Pazzi; Litta, VII, s.v. Pazzi, Tav.9; M., D. R. A., 67-68, Fig. 28; W., 162. ROBBIA HERALDRY 99 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI BATTISTA CORBINELLI. Volterra, Palazzo dei Priori. Photo., Alinari, 34619. 87 1490. Within a wreath of fruit and flowers in triplex bunches separated by grooved, transverse ribbons is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 87) bearing the Corbinelli arms : Azure, a stag salient argent. Fig. 87. Giovanni Corbinelli. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : G(I)OVA(N) BATISTA ? DAN TONIO ? CORBINEGLI CA(PITANO) + 1490 E BERNARDO DITOMASO + CA(PITANO) + E CO MISSARIO ? 1471 ? Bernardo di Tommaso Corbinelli, who held the office of Capitano and Commissario in 1471, evidently did not record the fact by setting up his" coat of arms. This record was accordingly made by his relative Giovanni Battista d' Antonio Corbinelli, a Capitano in 1490. Bernardo was a Prior in Florence in 1445, 1452 and 1475, and Gonfaloniere in 1458. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Corbinelli; P., 139-142. 100 STEMMA OF THE FIRODOLFI FAMILY, c. 1490. New York, Bardini Collection, Sale of April, 1918. Within a wreath of fruit and wheat set on a blue plate is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 88) beribboned yellow, bearing the arms : Argent, a bend buff. The bend could not have been or, since this would be setting a metal on metal. 88 ROBBIA HERALDRY Nor could it have been intended to be buff. Possibly the intention was to make the bend gules, in which case it would represent the Firodolfi arms. Robbia School. Fig. 88. Firodolfi Arms. Bibl. Bardini Sale of 1918, Cat, No. 361; C, s.v. Firodolfi; W., 140. 101 STEMMA OF ANTONIO DI GIOVANNI LORINI. 1491. Scarperia, Palazzo del Vicariate Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath irregularly composed of fruit and flowers, with insects, is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 89) beribboned on a flat plate bear ing the Lorini arms : Azure, a mount of six tops or, from which spring four sprigs or lilies of the same. Below, on a horizontal scroll, terminating in spirals, is inscribed : A ANTONIO A DIG(I)0 VANNI a LORINI a V(ICARI)0 A i49i Antonio di Giovanni d' Antonio di Filippo di Lorini di Bonaiuto Lorini was a Prior in Florence in 1463, Gonfaloniere in 1485, and Prior again in 1494. By Benedetto Buglioni. C, s.v. Lorini; P., 412-414. Fig. 90. Lorenzo Benvenuti. Fig. 89. Antonio Lorini. 102 STEMMA OF LORENZO DI MARIOTTO BENVENUTI. 1490, 1491. Certaldo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 8534. Within a wreath of continuous, irregular composition of fruit, wheat and flowers, is set a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 90), bearing the Ben venuti arms (unglazed) : Gules, a bend or charged with three swallows sable, flanked by two roses or. Below is a horizontal scroll, terminating in spirals, inscribed: A LORENZO a DIM ARIOTTO A BENVE NVTI A V(ICARI)0 A 1490 A 1491 By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Benvenuti del Quartiere S. Maria Novella di Firenze. 103 STEMMA OF THE DEL PUGLIESE FAMILY, c. 1491. Ros- lyn, L. I., Collection of Mr. Stanley Mortimer. Photo., Private. On the console of a round headed relief of the Madonna adoring the Child between two cornucopias is a wreath enclosing a Tuscan shield bear ing the Del Pugliese arms : Or, three bars gules, accompanied in chief by a demi-lion issuant of the same. Francesco di Filippo di Francesco di Jacopo del Pugliese, a Prior of 9o ROBBIA HERALDRY Florence in 1490 and again in 1499, may have commissioned this relief. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C. s.v. Pugliese; M., D. R. A., 77; P., 851-852. 104 STEMMA OF THE CITY OF PRATO. 1491-1492. Prato, S. Maria delle Carceri. Photos., Alinari, 10063; Brogi, 12756. In the church of S. Maria delle Carceri, of which Giuliano da San Gallo was the architect, the vault is decorated by four medallions of the Evange lists by Andrea della Robbia, for which he received payment in 1491. In 1491 and 1492 he was paid for the frieze which consists of candelabra and garlands, broken at intervals by medallions or wreaths of fruit and flow- Fig. 91. City of Prato. ers composed of triplex bunches and separated by transverse ribbons. At each side of the wreaths are fluttering ribbons. The medallions contain floriated Tuscan shields (Fig. 91), bearing the arms of Prato: Azure, seme of fleurs-de-lys or. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : B., Denk., Taf. 267; Giglioli, a Prato, 55-58 (Doc.) ; Passerini, 231; R, D. R, 186-187; Sc. FI, III, 167; S., 119, Abb. 130. ROBBIA HERALDRY 91 105 STEMMA OF THE TONDINELLI family, c. 1492. Arezzo, Via Cavour, 49, exterior. Photo., Private Within a wreath composed of fruit in groups of five interspersed with flowers and separated by fluted ribbons, set on a violet concave disk, is a floriated Tuscan shield (Fig. 92), bearing the Tondinelli arms: Per pale, or and azure, three roundels (or tondinetti) , 2 and 1, counterchanged. Sig. Ubaldo Pasqui thus writes to Mr. Rufus G. Mather "Uno degli stemmi, Fig. 92. Tondinelli. . quello piu in alto, apposto nella casa di Via Cavour (n. 49) appartemente oggi al Signor Manzoni, e della famiglia Tondinelli, la quale oggi e spenta. Proveniva nel secolo xiv da Todi e f u per un tempo assai cospicua in Arezzo. Memorabile e la strage di questa famiglia fatta nel 1502, e di cui trovasi notizia in un Diario del Canonico Pizzati publicato da Oreste Brizzi nel 1850." Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. 106 STEMMA OF A MEMBER OF THE MARSCIANO FAMILY AND HIS WIFE. c. 1492. Arezzo, Via Cavour, 49, exterior. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of triplex bunches of fruit and flowers separated by crossbands of fluted ribbon, set on a blue disk, is a floriated Tuscan shield (Fig. 93), bearing a marriage coat of arms. On the dexter side is the stemma of the Marsciano family: Gules, a fess asure between (in chief) three interlacing cords or and (in base) three lilies of the same; sinister argent, five bendlets checkered gules and or. Below it is set a curved scroll inscribed : SVB TVVM ? PRESIDIVM ? CONF(VGIMVS). 92 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 93. Marsciano and Wife. This inscription usually occurs beneath a Madonna, especially in the works of Giovanni della Robbia, and is improperly associated with this stemma. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : In the Armi di Famiglie Toscani, Cod. Cart. Sec. XVIII segnato Palatina, Serie Baldovinetti, these arms are said to be In Castro Podij Aquilonis, with the motto Qui simul ista patrijs virtutibus arma Marscianos rensuant claros in orbe Viros ; C, s.v. Marsciano. 107 STEMMA OF THE MARSCIANO FAMILY. Bardini Collection (in 1895). c. 1492. Florence, Within a fruit frame on a blue fluted disk is an oval shield with the arms : Gules, a f ess asure, in chief a cord in three loops or ; in base three lilies, 2 and 1, of the same. These arms appear on the dexter side of a stemma in the Via Cavour, Arezzo. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. ROBBIA HERALDRY 93 108 STEMMA OF FILIPPO GUIDETTI. c. 1492. Florence, Bardini Collection (in 1895). Within a fruit frame on a flat violet disk is a floriated Tuscan shield bearing the Guidetti arms : Paly of six argent and asure, in chief a label of three points gules. Possibly the arms of Filippo Guidetti, or of his son Sebastiano who was Vicario at San Giovanni in Valdarno in 1519. Bibl. : C, s.v. Guidetti; W., 147. 109 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI GALEAZZO TROTTI. 1492. Flor ence, Museo Nazionale, Cortile. Photo., Alinari, No. 2985. Within a wreath of ten bunches of fruit, of triplex composition, sepa- Fig. 94. Giovanni Trotti. 94 ROBBIA HERALDRY rated by plain transverse ribbons and with motion like that of the hands of a clock, is set a flat blue plate on which is a tournament shield (Fig. 94), displaying the Trotti arms : Per fess or and azure: Above this is a helmet with foliated mantlings vert and argent, drawn through a chaplet and held in a lion's mouth. Groups of Medici rings appear in the field above and below. In chief is the name IO(HANNES) G(ALEATU)S. Below, a winged cherub with wiry locks unfolds a tablet inscribed : INSIG(N)IA ? PREST(ANTISSIMI) • D(OMINI) • IO(HANNI) ¦ GALEATI- TROTTI- ALEXA(N)DRINI- IVR(IS)CO(N)SVLTI- EQUITIS- ET- CO MITIS)- AC M(EDIO)LANE(N)SIS- DUCALIS- PATRICII- PRETORIS- FLORE (NTINI) • ANNO VITE- ET- MORTIS- MAG(NIFICI) • LAVRE(N)TII- MEDICE(I)- 43. Gian Galeazzo Trotti, named from Gian Galeazzo Visconti, was a de scendant of Emanuele Trotti, one of the founders of Alessandria in Pied mont. The method of dating is interesting. Lorenzo de'Medici was born in 1449; hence the forty-third year from his birth would fall in 1492, the year of his death. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Trotti; Cr., 340. 110 STEMMA OF PIETRO DI SIMONE GHISLIERI. 1492. Flor ence, Museo Nazionale, Loggia. Photo., Private. In a garland of fruit and flowers in triplex groups separated by trans verse ribbons is a flat plate (Fig. 95) on which is a tournament shield with the arms of the Ghislieri family : Bendy gules and argent (instead of gules and or, as given by CroUalanza) . Above the tournament shield is a helmet with mantlings crested with a demi-dog rampant, above whose head is a scroll inscribed : + FAC ? BONUM ? The field also contains a comet, small comets and the initials, P(IETRO) S(IMONE). Below the medallion a winged cherub unfolds a scroll inscribed : MA(GNIFI)CI ? AC ? G(E)N(ER)OSI ? EQUITIS ? COMITISQ(VE) i PETRI ? SIMONIS ? DEISLERIIS * DE EXIO ? FLORENTIE 4 PRETORIS + 1492 ? Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. ROBBIA HERALDRY 95 Bibl. : C, s.v. Ghislieri; Cr., 340. Fig. 95. Pietro Ghislieri. Ill STEMMA OF NICCOLO LELLI. c. 1492. Florence, Museo Na zionale, Cortile. Photo., Giani. Within a somewhat irregularly composed garland of fruit and flowers separated by transverse fluted ribbons, is a flat disk containing a scalloped kite shaped shield (Fig. 96) bearing the Lelli arms: Quartered 1 and 4, barry indented argent and gules; 2 and 3 azure, a tree eradicated proper with motto: AVE F(LORENTIA) and AVE P(OPULVS). On the flanks are small French shields, one argent with the Croce del Popolo gules; the other argent with the lily of Florence gules. 96 ROBBIA HERALDRY II ICHLl TAMlCHOLEOS-rECLELIVSARA\A DIMISITHIC MILES ETCOMESLEGHVQE ITER [ i PRES CHVI EECSIGNIA DEDlTROfVLVS 'NOSTER QESANATVS PROMERITISPRE TOR DVM CHVNTIS^VRAMiN! STRAT ¦^nM\/IT,OVPMTRP^ATF| I.VS^J Fig. 96. Niccolo Lelli. Below is a rectangular tablet inscribed : INCHLITA- NICHOLEOS- HEC- LELIVS- ARMA- DIMISIT- HIC- MILES- ET COMES- LEGHV(M) • Q(V)E- ITER(VM) • PRES(ES)- CHVI- HEC- SIGNIA- DEDIT- POPVLVS NOSTER- QVESANATVS- PROMERITIS- PRE TOR- DUM CHVNTIS- GVRA- MINISTRAT- GENVIT • QVEM • TREVIA ¦ TELLVS ^ Robbia School. Bibl. : Cr., 340. 112 STEMMA OF THE DAVANZATI FAMILY. peria, Palazzo del Vicariato. Photo., Private. c. 1492. Scar- Within a wreath consisting of semi-detached bunches of fruit and flow ers, set against a concave disk, is an advanced type of kite shaped shield (Fig. 97) bearing the Davanzati arms : Azure, a lion rampant or. ROBBIA HERALDRY 97 On the same Palazzo there is a marble coat of arms set up by Tommaso di Piero di Niccolo Davanzati, Vicario at Scarperia in 1462. The Robbia stemma appears to date some thirty years later, and may have commemo rated the Vicariate of one of Tommaso's sons. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Davanzati; P., 267-269; W., 137. Fig. 97. Davanzati Arms. 113 STEMMA OF THE DUCCI FAMILY, c. 1492. Anghiari, S. Bartolommeo. Photo., Private. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Nativity is a kite shaped shield enclosed in a medallion. The shield displays the following arms : Per bend gules and argent, a ring with chains in saltire sable, in chief and base a mullet or. The Provost Giuseppe Conti and other local authorities define these as the arms of the Ducci family. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 223 No. 108; Cr., 327. 114 STEMMA OF JACOPO DI FRANCESCO INGHILANI. 1493. Borgo San Lorenzo. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of continuous, irregularly composed fruit and flowers, on a flat plate is a beribboned Tuscan shield, bearing the Inghilani arms : Or, a bend azure charged with an ostrich feather argent. Below is a tabella ansata inscribed : CHO(CO)MQ A DI FR ANCESCHO A IN GHILANI A P(ODEST)A A 1493 98 ROBBIA HERALDRY The name Giacomo or Jacopo was a common one in this family. The Jacopo here indicated was probably a brother of Giovanni di Francesco di Baldino Inghilani who was a Prior in Florence in 1489. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : P-. 595- 115 EMBLEM OF JESUS. Museum, No. 7720-'6i. c. 1493. London, Victoria and Albert The frieze of the tribuna of the convent of S. Chiara consists of cherub heads, Paschal lambs and wreaths containing the Emblem of Jesus. The monogram or emblem of Jesus, Y H S, is similar in the formation of the letters to Benedetto Buglioni's Sacred Name in the vault of S. Pietro in Cassinensi at Perugia (1487). The tribune of S. Chiara is attributed to Simone Pollaiuolo, 1493, but the terra-cotta frieze is manifestly by Bene detto Buglioni. Bibl. : C-M., 267, No. 385 ; Robinson, 73-76. 'mum-cm Fig. 98. Bartolommeo Bartolini. 1 16 STEMMA OF BARTOLOMMEO DI LIONARDO BARTOLINI. 1494. Castiglione Fiorentino, Municipio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of eight bunches of fruit of triplex composition, sepa rated by transverse fluted ribbons and set upon a flat blue plate, is a flori- ROBBIA HERALDRY 99 ated Tuscan shield (Fig. 98) bearing the Bartolini-Salimbeni arms: Gules, a lion per fess indented argent and sable. Below is a curved scroll unrolled, inscribed: BARTOLOME O I DI LIONARDO BARTOLINI ? P(ODESTA) * C(OMMISSARIO) ? 1494 Bartolommeo di Lionardo Bartolini-Salimbeni had already been a Prior of Florence in 1475. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Bartolini-Salimbeni; Cr., 336; P., 531-532. 117 STEMMA OF THE PEOPLE AND THE CITY OF FLOR ENCE. 1494. Bivigliano, S. Romolo. Photo., Private. Certain citizens of Bivigliano who had been guilty of a disturbance were obliged in April, 1494, to pay for the arms of the City of Florence to be set (as a reminder of Florentine authority) on the Robbia altarpiece in the church of S. Romolo at Bivigliano. The arms, set on kite shaped shields (Fig. 99) at either end of the predella, are (1) the Croce del Popolo: Argent, a cross gules; and (2) the Florentine lily gules on a field argent. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 227 No. 139; Giglioli, Riv. d'Arte, VI (1909), 45-48, 49-51; Poggi, Riv. d'Arte, VI (1909), 48-52 (Doc). 118 STEMMA OF AGNOLO (?) SERRAGLI. c. 1494. Tignano, S. Romolo. Photo., Private. ' On the console of the ciborio is set a beribboned kite shaped shield (Fig. 100) bearing the Serragli arms: Per pale, barry or and gules counter- changed. Possibly the individual donor was Agnolo di Bonaiuto di Nic colo Serragli who set up a Robbia altarpiece in memory of his wife in 1528. Robbia School. Bibl. : Cr., 356; P., 408-409. IOO ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 99. The People and City of Florence. ROBBIA HERALDRY 101 Fig. ioo. Agnolo Serragli. 119 STEMMA OF THE BARDI FAMILY, c. 1494. Florence, Palaz zo Bardi (Via dei Benci). Photo., Private. The palace at No. 3 Via dei Benci, erected by the Busini, in 1482 became the property of some member of the Bardi family, possibly of Migiotto Bardi who bought and decorated the villa known as II Pratello in 151 1. The wreath is composed of fruit and a few flowers in triplex bunches sepa rated by plain cross bands. This surrounds a blue, fluted shell, against which is set a kite shaped shield (Fig. 101) with a bordure — possibly a symbol of cadency. The arms are: Or (very light in colour), five fusils bendwise gules; a bordure chequy of the field and charge. io2 ROBBIA HERALDRY The general characters of this stemma are those of the late fifteenth century. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Bardi; Marcotti, 129; W., 127. Fig. 101. Bardi Arms. 120 STEMMA OF THE BARDI FAMILY, c. 1494. Florence (near), II Pratello. The Villa Francolini, known as II Pratello, gia Bardi, near the Certosa, contained on the vault of one of its large rooms a medallion with the Bardi coat of arms : Or, five fusils bendwise gules. Although Migiotto di Bernardo de' Bardi did not purchase this villa until 151 1, his stemma may have been a repetition of the one on the Bardi palace which appears to have been made toward the end of the preceding century. Some years ago Professor Volpi had in his gallery a Bardi stemma set in a wreath — possibly to be identified with the above mentioned. Bibl. : Carocci, II, 311; Galluzzo, 119; C, s.v. Bardi; W., 127. ROBBIA HERALDRY 103 121 STEMMA OF FILIPPO DI GIOVANNI CORBIZZI. 1495. Borgo San Sepolcro, Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit and flowers of irregular composition, is set against a flat plate a floriated Tuscan shield (Fig. 102) bearing the Cor bizzi arms : Per pale indented or and gules. ¦ Fig. 102. Filippo Corbizzi. Below is a curved scroll unrolled with the inscription : FILIPPO * DI G(I)OVANNI ? CO RBIZI * C(APITAN)0 * E ? C(OMMISSARI)0 ? 1495 Filippo di Giovanni di Filippo Corbizzi was a Prior in Florence in 1472 and Gonfaloniere in 1494. CroUalanza and the Priorista give the tinctures of the Corbizzi family as gules and argent, Wills as gules and or. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Corbizzi; P., 854; W., 136. 122 STEMMA OF TOMMASO DI PUCCIO PUCCI. 1495. Pieve San Stefano. Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a well modelled wreath (Fig. 103) of not very regular composi- Fig. 103. Tommaso Pucci. 104 ROBBIA HERALDRY tion is set the Pucci arms : Argent, a Moor's head proper wreathed of the first. No shield. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed: TOMMASO I DI P VCCIO i PVCCI ? V(ICARI)0 * 1495. Tommaso di Puccio di Antonio Pucci had been a Prior in Florence in 1483. The Pucci family held many official positions at home and abroad. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Pucci; P., 722-724; W., 166. 123 STEMMA OF THE DINI FAMILY AND OF THE COMPAG NIA DI S. ELENA, c. 1495. Empoli, Museo della Collegiata, No. 56. Photo., Alinari, 10121. On the predella of a Robbia frame for a niche, now occupied by a Ma donna and Child by another artist, are two laurel wreaths, each contain ing a tournament shield with a coat of arms, now almost entirely effaced. The dexter stemma Mr. Mather believes to be that of the Dini family, as pictured in the Raccolta di Iscrizioni from a seal of Michele Fei Dini, Pop. Burgi S. Pauli, where it is described as three spikes of grain. The Director of the Museum sees in it a bulbous plant. CroUalanza and Wills give it as a tree. The sinister arms Mr. Mather describes as a female fig ure holding up a cross in her right hand and a knight kneeling before her holding up a cross hilted sword. This Mr. Mather writes is a representa tion of S. Elena and her son Constantine and was probably the emblem of the Tuscan Compagnia di S. Elena. Atlier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Giglioli, Empoli, 55 ; Raccolta di Iscrizioni ecc. Carlo Strozzi, sec. XVII, segnato Magliab. Cl. XXVI Cod. — , c. 260. 124 STEMMA OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, c. 1495. Florence, Via della Scala. Photo., Brogi, 4729. On the base of a Madonna in a tabernacle on the corner of the Via della Scala and the Via Oricellari is a medallion (Fig. 104) containing the Me dici arms : Or, six torteaux in orle, with an inescutcheon of the Croce del Popolo (argent, a cross gules). The palazzo on which the Madonna is placed was built about 1498 for Bernardo Rucellai, who married Nannina, ROBBIA HERALDRY 105 a sister of Lorenzo de'Medici. The Platonic Academy met in the casino of the garden of this palace after the stormy days of 1494. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Medici; Litta, VI, Tav. 3, 7; W., 153; Young, I, 184-186. Fig. 104. Medici Arms. Io6 ROBBIA HERALDRY 125 STEMMA OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, c. 1495- Florence, S. Marco Vecchio. On the facade of S. Marco is a shield of Robbia ware showing the Medici arms : Or, six torteaux in orle. Probably set up during the reign of Lo renzo de'Medici (1469-1492). Fig. 105. Emblem of the Camaldolesj. ROBBIA HERALDRY 107 126 EMBLEM OF THE CAMALDOLESI. c. 1495. Camaldoli, Eremo, Cappella di S. Antonio. Photo., Alinari, 9784. On either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Madonna and Saints, are set the insignia (Fig. 105) of the Camaldolesi: Azure, a chalice or from which drink two white doves. Above the chalice is a wafer. Ginanni displays a comet instead of a wafer above the chalice. Two yellow dolphins surround the emblem as a frame. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : B., Denk., Taf. 272; Ginanni, 193, Tav. IV, 119; R., D. R., 211-212; Sc. FI., Ill, 178, 180. 127 EMBLEM OF THE CAMALDOLESI. c. 1495. Borgo San Sepolcro, Via S. Niccolo, no. 10. The monastic church of S. Niccolo was administered by the Camaldolesi from the early XVI century. Encircled with a polychromatic garland is a blue shield bearing the Camaldolese insignia, two doves drinking from a golden chalice. Above the chalice is the sacred wafer. Bibl. : Cr., 335; Repetti, s.v. San Sepolcro. 128 STEMMA OF CONTE GUERRA. c. 1495. Montevarchi, Col- legiata, Cappella della Fraternita. Photo., Alinari, 10390. The Cappella della Fraternita of the Collegiata at Montevarchi contains two rectangular stemmi which probably originally formed the lateral end of a balcony on the exterior of the church. Against a blue background, two winged putti which recall in type the Child in the Madonna relief in the Piazza dell'Unita, Florence, support an oval shield (Fig. 106) on which are the arms of the Guerra family : Gules, a mount of six tops vert, a chief asure with a label of Anjou of four points gules enclosing three fleurs-de- lys or. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. C-M., 240 No. 219; Cr., 220, 330. io8 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 106. Conte Guerra. 129 STEMMA OF THE FRESCOBALDI FAMILY, c. 1496. Sesto, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. The frame has disappeared, only the shield remaining. This is oval in form and bears the Frescobaldi arms : Gules, three chess rooks argent set 2 and 1 ; a chief or. Below is a scroll inscribed, of which a few letters only remain. It would have indicated the year in which some member of the Frescobaldi family held the office of Podesta in Sesto. Possibly it would have contained the name of Francesco di Stoldo di Lionardo Fres cobaldi who held the office of Podesta at Fiesole and Sesto in 15 10, accord ing to the annexed document, just received from Mr. Rufus G. Mather. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Document : 'Potas fesularum cii Tribus Notarijs Quatuor Famulis uno Equo cum sal(ario) Iib(rarum) 700 ad(i)c(t)a p(otestate) ROBBIA HERALDRY 109 francischus stoldi Lai defrescobaldis p(er) 6 mensibus — 11 Januarij 1510" [Archivio di Stato.. Registrum Extrinsecorum 1 565-1 529, segnato Tratte Cod. 71 c. 72] Bibl. : Carocci, I, 312; C, s.v. Frescobaldi (Per fess or and gules, with three lilies of the first set in the second) ; W., 140. 130 STEMMA OF FEDERIGO DI GIOVANNI DE RICCI. 1496. Anghiari, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Without a wreath, set on a flat lilac disk is a floriated Tuscan shield (Fig. 107) bearing the de' Ricci arms : ' Azure, 6 or 7 hedge hogs, 3, 2 (or r . if *i| FEDERI6H0 iGO\ANNI-DERR: Fig. 107. Federigo Ricci. 3) and 1 or, accompanied by 10 mullets of eight rays, 3, 3, 3, and 1, of the same. Below a horizontal scroll is inscribed : FEDERIGHO ? DI G(I)OVANNI + DE RIC CI + V(ICIARI)0 + 1496 This family held many high honours in Florence and elsewhere. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Ricci; W., 168. IIO ROBBIA HERALDRY 131 STEMMA OF THE FINI OR BENCI TADDEI FAMILY, c. 1496. Florence, Bardini Collection (in 1895). Within a fruit frame on a violet disk is a Tuscan shield bearing the arms : Azure, a lion head erased or between three stars, 2 and 1, or. Mr. Mather writes that these may be either the arms of the Fini of S. Pancrazio or of the Benci-Taddei of S. Lorenzo. CroUalanza records the field in the Benci-Taddei arms as gules. Fig. 108. Emblem of the Domenicani. 132 EMBLEM OF THE DOMENICANI. 1497. Florence, S. Maria Novella, Sacristy. Photos., Alinari, 2276, 3633; Brogi, 3481, 5639- 5641. On the archivolt of the lunette which crowns Giovanni della Robbia's celebrated lavabo (1497) is set (Fig. 108) the Dominican emblem: Per chevron, sable (chief) and argent (base), in base a star of eight points gules. The emblem suggests the black Dominican gown above the white tunic. As S. Tommaso d'Aquino wears the sun upon his breast, so to S. ROBBIA HERALDRY in Domenico is given the star set on his halo or on his breast, where .it is said to have appeared when he was baptized. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : B., Denk., 89, Taf. 276; Cahier, I, 84, 390; Cr., 216-218; R., D. R., 227-229; Sc. FI., IV, 50; S., 131, Abb. 141. 133 STEMMA OF MARTINO DI SER GIOVANNI MARTINI. 1497. Radda, Palazzo Pretorio, Cortile. Photo., Private. On a plain rectangular tablet is a Tuscan shield bearing the Martini arms : Argent, a demi-vol in pale azure. On the same tablet is inscribed : MARTINO- DI S(AN)G(I)OVAN(N)I- MAR TINT P(ODEST)A 1497 Robbia School. Bibl. : ,C, s.v. Martini dall'Ala; P., 389; W., 152. 134 STEMMA OF THE ACCIAIUOLI FAMILY, c. 1497. Florence, SS. Apostoli. Photos., Alinari, 3659; Brogi, 8593-8595. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece in the Acciaiuoli chapel are broad Tuscan shields (Fig. 109) bearing the Acciaiuoli arms: Argent, a lion rampant azure. This altarpiece was set above the tomb of Donato Acciaiuoli probably by one or more of his descendants. So many members of this family held high office in Florence as to make it difficult to guess safely the name of the donor. Alessandro di Donato Acciaiuoli was Prior in Florence in 1497, and Roberto di Donato held the office of Gonfaloniere in 1 5 18. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Acciaiuoli; M., D. R. A., 90, Fig. 39; P., 29-33; R-» D- R; 229; Sc. FI, IV, 49, 52; Richa, IV, 62; S., 133, Abb. 142; W., 123- 124. Fig. 109. Acciaiuoli Arms. 135 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI JACOPO DI DINO DI MESSER GUCCIO. 1497. Sesto, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. On a white rectangular tablet is set against a blue background a semi- floriated Tuscan shield (Fig. no) bearing the Gucci di Dino arms: Or, a bend gules accompanied by two roses by the same; a chief gules charged with the motto A LIBERTA A ROBBIA HERALDRY n3 Fig. iio. Giovanni Guccio. The lower part of the frame is broadened and inscribed : G(I)OVANNI A DI IACO PO A DI DINO A DI ME SSER GHVC(C)0 A P(ODEST)A A ? 1497 A Giovanni di Jacopo di Dino di Messer Guccio was a Prior in Florence in the years 1491, 1501 and 1509. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Carocci, I, 312; C-M., 248 No. 268; C, s.v.' Gucci di Dino; Cr., 355; P, 536. 136 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI TOMMASO LAPI. 1498. Casti glione Fiorentino, Municipio. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath irregularly composed of fruit and flowers set on a flat plate is a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. in) bearing the Lapi arms : Gules, a fess argent charged with a lion passant sable. Below, on a curved scroll is inscribed : GIOVANNI A DI TOMMASO A LAPI P(ODEST)A A E ? C(OMMISSARI)0 ? MCCCCLXXXXVIII By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Lapi ; Cr., 336. 114 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. hi. Giovanni Lapi. 137 STEMMA OF BRACCIO DI DOMENICO MARTELLI. Amsterdam, Ryks Museum. Photo., Museum. 1497. On a kite shaped shield (Fig. 112) of eight sides is displayed the Mar- telli coat of arms : Gules, a griffin segreant or, beaked azure, langued gules. Braccio di Domenico di Niccolo Martelli, a friend of Lorenzo de' Medici and husband of Costanza de' Pazzi, was Prior in Florence in 1479 and Gonfaloniere in 1489. He was Capitano at Pistoia in 1497. Lorenzo di Niccolo di Ugolino Martelli held the same office in 1507. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Document : "Capitan Pistorij Reduct cum Uno judice jniurep(er)ito Uno Milite socio Duobus Not(ar)ijs 11 ijor Domicellis xxv famulis Duobus Tubicinibus Sex equis Cum salario libr (arum) Trium Milium acomunitate pistorij p(ro) quolibet Semestrj braccio d(omi)nj domenicj nicholaj martellj p(ro) 6 mensibus et 15 diebus jnit die 18 junij 1497 ROBBIA HERALDRY U5 Fig. 112. Braccio Martelli. Laurentius Nicholaj ugholinj de martellis 6 mesi 13 Novembre 1507" , [Archivio di Stato, Reg. Exstr. 1489-1508, segnato Tratte 70 c. 3.] Bibl. : C, s.v. Martelli; M., L. D. R., 247-248; P., 451-453; W., 152. 138 STEMMA OF LARIONE DI BARTOLOMMEO (or BARTO LO) MARTELLI. 1498. Pistoia, Campanile. Photo., Private. Unframed and lacking the inscribed tablet is a shield of unusual form (Fig. 113) with decorated apices and a raised border. It bears the Mar telli arms : Gules, a griffin segreant or. According to the official records Nariono di Bartolommeo Martelli was appointed Podesta in January, 1498. The Princeton Museum Priorista ! ! 6 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 113. Larione Martelli. records a Larione di Bartolo as Prior in Florence in 1498 and 1511, whose ancestors Bartolo, Niccolo, and Ugolino had held high office. In Pistoia Sen. Domenico di Braccio Martelli was Commissario in 1544. By Andrea della Robbia. Document : 1. "1498 Nariono dj Bartolom0 Martellj Pa 9 Gen°" [Archiv. di Stato, Sched. Manoscritti No. 496, a c. 415.] 2. "Potas Pistorij Reduct pro 6 mensibus cu Uno judice doctorato cum sal(ario) libra Uno Milite socio not0 rum duarum Duobus alijs not(ar)ijs milium quad Quattuor domicellis ringentarum xv famulis inter pro quolibet quos sit unius constabilis semestrj sibi Quattuor equis dand(o) adicta comunitate pistorij Ilarion bart1 nic1 de martellis— 6 mesi et di 15 jnit die 3 januarij 1498" [Archivio di Stato, Reg. Extr. 1508-1529, segnato Tratte 71 c. 27.] Bibl. : C, s.v. Martelli; Litta, s.v. Martelli; M., L. D. R., 247-248; P., 451- 4535 W., 152. ROBBIA HERALDRY 139 STEMMA OF GIOVACHINO GUASCONI. Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 8534a. 1499. 117 Certaldo, Within a wreath of eight bunches of fruit and flowers, of triplex with tendency to quinqueplex composition, separated by transverse fluted rib bons, is a blue fluted disk against which is set a kite shaped shield (Fig. GIOVACHINOGHVASCO N I Fig. 114. Giovachino Guasconi. 1 14) bearing the Guasconi arms : Argent, three chevronels sable (the sec ond surmounted of a cross crosslet of the same). Below, a putto of great beauty unfolds a horizontal scroll inscribed : GIOVACHINOGHVASCONI V(ICARI)0 E C(OMMISSARI)0 1498 ? 1499 By Andrea della Robbia. Fig. 115. Puccio di Magio and Archbishop Pete. ROBBIA HERALDRY 119 Bibl. : C, s.v. Guasconi; W., 147. 140 STEMMA OF PUCCIO DI MAGIO AND OF MARCELLINUS PETE. c. 1499. Arezzo, Duomo. Photo., Alinari, 9703. At the dexter end of the predella of the polychromatic altarpiece of the Madonna enthroned with Saints set on a kite shaped shield (Fig. 115) are the Magio arms : Azure, two rams combatant argent. On a similar shield on the sinister end are displayed the initials M P beneath a patriarchal cross. It has been suggested by Angiolo and Ubaldo Pasqui that the dexter arms are those of the Magio family, while the sinister shield bears the private symbol of Puccio di Magio, for whose chapel in the now destroyed church of S. Francesco Vasari tells us that Andrea della Robbia made an altar- piece. However, Puccio di Magio was a merchant not an ecclesiastic, hence the sinister arms are more likely to be those of Marcellinus Pete, a distinguished Archbishop of Arezzo (1239), chief of the Guelph party. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : R., D. R., 252; Sc. FI., IV, 59, 61; Pasqui, 142; Vas., II, 179; Ughello, I, col. 422; Vita, 55, Fig. 81. 141 STEMMA OF THE OTTO DI GUARDIA E BALIA. Empoli, Museo della Collegiata. Photo., Alinari, 10120. Between the cornucopias of the console which supports a niche contain ing a standing Madonna and Child is a beribboned medallion (Fig. 116) containing, as Mr. Rufus G. Mather has discovered, the arms of the Otto di Guardia e Balia: Argent, a knight in armour proper bearing a shield with insignia of the People, riding a charger gules caparissoned argent with cross of the People. The base of the frame is inscribed : Del PREZ- ZO- DELGI (degli) EBREI- PER LORO- ERORE- FERNO- A LAVDE- DI DIO- FARE- Q VESTA- GLI OTTO- SEDE(N)TE- NEL 18 • DOMENICO- PARIGI- QVI- PRETORE- This indicates that the relief was commissioned by the Eight of the Guards and Magistrates when Domenico Parigi was Pretore and paid for irom fines levied upon certain Hebrews. Domenico di Giovanni Parigi was a Prior of Florence in 1499. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. 120 ROBBIA HERALDRY pfO^1?FOi^^^^£L«7T;NEl•l8•p0^^tf^»«lga^ Fig. 116. Guardiae Balia. Bibl. Carocci, // Valdarno, 72, 74; C-M., 232 No. 172; C, s.v. Parigi; Giglioli, Empoli, 53-54; P. 837-838; Priorista Ricci (in Bibl. Naz. Cod. Cart. Sec. XVII, segnato Banco Rari Cod. 22-23), L 65- Fig. 117. Giacomo Staiti. 122 ROBBIA HERALDRY 142 STEMMA OF THE QUARTIERE S. SPIRITO. c. 1499. Flo rence, Corner Via S. Gallo and Via Guelfa. The various divisions of the city of Florence had specific arms or emblems. That of the Quartiere S. Spirito was the Sacred Dove. Here in a fruit garland set against a blue fluted medallion is a white dove. It is no longer in the Quartiere to which it originally belonged. Bibl. : C-M., 213, No. 49; Cr., 342. 143 STEMMA OF GIACOMO STAITI. c. 1499. Trapani, S. Maria di Gesu. Photo., Brogi, 12060. On the predella of the altarpiece representing the Madonna and Child at either end is (1) an amphora inscribed with a medallion (Fig. 117) con taining a monogram, which, according to Signor Augugliaro and Mr. Ru fus G. Mather, is that of the patriarch Angelo da Rieti, in 1224 founder of the first Franciscan monastery in Trapani, and (2) a medallion enclosing an oval shield with the arms of Giacomo Staiti : Or, a lion gules on a mount of six summits. This altarpiece, formerly in the church known as La Greca (finished in 1475) on the property of the Staiti family, when that church was destroyed in 1 5 18 was transferred to the new church of S. Maria di Gesu built for the Frati Minori Osservanti. Here Giacomo Staiti had an important chapel. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Augugliaro, 114, 133-138; Benigno, 81; C, s.v., Staiti; Grassa Patti, L'Arte, VI, (1903), 37-44. 144 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI MARTINO DELLA SCARF A. 1499. Scarperia, Palazzo del Vicariato. Photo., Private. Within a continuous, irregularly composed wreath of fruit and flowers on a flat disk is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 118) beribboned and bearing the della Scarfa arms : Azure, a bend or accompanied by two leaf crowns of the same; in chief a pale argent charged with a cross and crosslets gules and flanked by two fleurs-de-lys of the same. ROBBIA HERALDRY 123 . iga >./J«gL > x^fS^pSB^v ^^^^^ WfcA --^\ k' ^fffr 5 ^|i|gsr 1^ 'M ¦ " :. -:."'.. \ Fig. 118. Francesco Scarpa. Below is a tabella ansata inscribed : FRANCESCHODI MARTINO ISCARFI A V(ICARI)0 A E CO MESARIO A 1499. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Scarfa. 145 STEMMA OF LODOVICO PUCCI. 1500. Certaldo, S. Michele e Jacopo. Photo., Alinari, 8531. The console of the ciborio contains a large cherub head beneath which is a scroll inscribed : LODOVICHO- PVCCI- V(ICARI)0- E- COM(MISSARI)0- 1499 1500 At the lower end of the console on a pointed shield (Fig. 119) is the Pucci coat of arms : Argent, a Moor's head proper wreathed of the first. In 1495 Tommaso di Puccio Pucci held a similar office at Pieve S. Stefano. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Pucci; W., 166. 146 STEMMA OF EVGENIO DI TOMMASO FIASCHI. 1499-1500. Buggiano Alto (near Pescia), Municipio. Photo., Private. Removed from the Castello. On a rectangular tablet (fig. 120), set against a violet ground, a Tuscan 124 ROBBIA HERALDRY ajcxfcwcnjs; Fig. 119. Lodovico Pucci. shield bears the Fiaschi arms : Or, two lions rampant asure supporting a fortress vert. On the broad base of the frame is inscribed : EVGENIO ? DITHOMAS O ? FIASCHI ? P(ODEST)A MCCCC LXXXXVIIII ? E MCCCCC Robbia School. ROBBIA HERALDRY 125 EVGENDITOMAS OHASCHIPACCCC DCXXXVIIIIi_MKra Fig. 120. Eugenio Fiaschi. Bibl. : Cr., 335. The Princeton Priorista gives the Fiaschi arms as: Azure, a flask argent. Possibly Eugenio Fiaschi set up the arms of the Cas tello di Buggiano Alto in place of his own. Ernesto was Podesta at Buggiano in 1 499-1 500. Bibl. : Cr., 335- 147 EMBLEM OF FRANCE, c. 1500. Prato, S. Lodovico, known also as Oratorio della Madonna del Buon Consiglio. Above the lunette of S. Lodovico, in a fruit garland, is represented "a iviolet (for red) cock, perhaps an emblem of the Compagnia which erected or worshipped in this Oratory. The Gallic Cock would have been placed here in honour of S. Lodovico of France. Robbia School. Bibl: Cr., 352; Corradini, 43. 148 STEMMA OF TORNABUONI FAMILY, c. 1500. Rifredi, S. Stefano in Pane, on facade. 126 ROBBIA HERALDRY Within a fruit frame is a shield bearing the Tornabuoni arms: Per saltire or and vert a lion rampant counterchanged. The Tornabuoni family were for a long period patrons of this church. Robbia School. Bibl. : Carocci, I, 257; C, s.v. Tornabuoni; W., 178. Fig. 121. Antonio Scali. 149 STEMMA OF THE CERBONI FAMILY, c. 1500. Citta di Cas tello, S. Francesco. Photo., Private. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece representing S. Francesco receiving the stigmata, is a beribboned Tuscan shield, with bordure, bear ing the Cerboni arms : Or, a lion rampant azure (upper) and gules (lower half), in chief azure three lilies or. Robbia School. Bibl. : Graziani, 154. 150 STEMMA OF ANTONIO FRANCESCO SCALI. San Sepolcro, Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. 1 501. Borgo Within a wreath composed of six bunches of fruit of triplex composition separated by plain transverse ribbons is set against a flat plate a lily-capped Tuscan shield (Fig. 121) bearing the Scali arms: Azure, a ladder of three rungs or. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed: ANTONIO ? FRAN CESCO ? DI BARTO LOMEO ? SCALI ? C(APITAN)0 ECON(MISSARI)0+i5oo E 1501 ? ROBBIA HERALDRY 127 Fig. 122. Fratres Minores. The Princeton Priorista gives the Scali arms as: Or, a ladder of four rungs gules. Antonio Francesco di Bartolommeo di Luigi Scali had been Prior in Florence in 1480 and 1496. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Scali; P., 597. 151 STEMMA OF THE ORDER OF THE FRATRES MINORES. c. 1 501. New York, Bardini Collection, Sale of April, 1918. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers and leaves of roughly triplex compo sition, not bound by ribbons, is a convex plate on which is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 122) containing the arms of the Fratres Minores : Asure, the hands of S. Francesco in saltire from which issues a cross botonny or. Robbia School. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 191 8, Cat., No. 366. 152 STEMMA OF THE FRATRES MINORES. c. 1501. S. Fiora, Convento di SS. Trinita. Photo., Alinari, 9281. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece representing the Trinity 128 ROBBIA HERALDRY are medallions containing insignia of the Fratres Minores. The painting of the dexter medallion is almost completely obliterated. On the sinister medallion we can make out two monk's hands in saltire. With the addition of a cross this becomes the insignia of the Frates Minores. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : S., 140, Abb. 151. 153 EMBLEMS OF MONASTIC ORDERS. Francesco, Cappella dei Innocenti. c. 1 501. Bevagna, S. The cupola of S. Francesco is divided into eight panels which are deco rated with fruit garlands, arabesques, symbols of the passion and emblems. The emblems are set at the base of each panel and exhibit alternately ( 1 ) a lamb holding a cross about which is entwined a snake, and (2) two monk's arms in saltire, between them a cross. These are apparently emblems of the Fratres Minores, perhaps the same as those on the Trinity altarpiece at S. Fiora. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Guardabassi, 36. ; • BERNARDO- DMTMLDO' BELATC_VC/&nO u Fig. 123. Francesco della Tosa. ROBBIA HERALDRY 129 154 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DELLA TOSA. 1501. Volterra, Palazzo dei Priori. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath of fruit, flowers, and wheat composed chiefly of triplex bunches set on a green disk is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 123) beribboned and having a bordure or, inscribed with a series of the letter A. The shield bears the Della Tosa arms: Azure, a pair of shears in bend argent; in chief a Croce del Popolo (argent, a cross gules). Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : M(ESSER A BALDO a DI SIMONE A DELLA A TOSA A CAP- IT AN) O A MCCCLXXXX BERNARDO a D(I) M(ESSER) BALDO A DEL(L)A A TO(S)A A CAP (IT AN) O A MCCCCXXXVI FRANC(ESC)0 a DI BERNA(R)DO A DI M(ESSER) A BAL DO a DELLA A TOSA CAP(ITAN)0 E COM (MIS- SARI) O A MDI Francesco here sets up a memorial to his father Bernardo and his grand father Messer Baldo, who also held the office of Capitano at Volterra. The Della Tosa family also held high office in Florence. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Tosa (della) ; W., 179. 155 STEMMA OF THE DELLA TOSA FAMILY, c. 1501. Borgo San Lorenzo, Municipio. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath irregularly composed of fruit and flowers set against a flat disk is a floriated Tuscan shield, with a lettered bordure, bearing the Della Tosa arms : Azure, a pair of shears in bend argent; in chief a plate with Croce del Popolo. Possibly the arms of Francesco di Bernardo di Messer Baldo della Tosa who was Capitano and Commissario at Volterra in 1501. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Della Tosa; W., 179. 156 STEMMA OF MICHELE D'ANTONIO PESCIONI. 1502. Galluzzo, Palazzo del Podesta. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers and wheat irregularly composed is set a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 124) bearing the Pescioni arms: Per pale ; dexter, azure, four fishes naiant in pale argent; sinister, argent, barry of four gules. i3o ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 124. Michele Pescioni. Below a cherub unfolds a curved scroll inscribed : MICHELE A DANT ONIO A PESCIONI ¦ P(ODESTA) • 1502 ¦ Michele's father Antonio di Giovanni Piscioni was Prior in Florence in 1430 and 1432. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Pescioni; P., 572; W., 164. 157 STEMMA OF TOMMASO DI FEDERIGO SASSETTI. 1502. Borgo San Lorenzo, Municipio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers and wheat, somewhat irregularly com posed is a flat disk from which the Sassetti arms have now disappeared. The same fate was incurred by other stemmi on this building. Below, a cherub unfolds a curved scroll inscribed : THONMASO A DI FE DERIGHO A SASSETTI A P(ODEST)A A 1502 Tommaso's brother Taddeo di Federigo di Tommaso Sassetti was a Prior in Florence in 1506. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Sassetti; P., 842-843; W., 173. tej?iSj j f^S S^Ci"?*- ';\t\\;\,\bi;\ -.r.v ¦-!?¦¦ -¦ ow\ n>]t1EThEET'Fa^HC'iS| ISETAV^SifVSB/VTlSTE-EI MffiORVML^/DfJffKrlrFaCITMDVIl p ¥ - 399-40o; Repetti, s.v. Camoggiano. ROBBIA HERALDRY 159 195 STEMMA OF ANTONIO-FRANCESCO SCALI. 1507. Scar peria, Palazzo Vicariate Photo., Private. From a white band at base a wreath of continuous, triplex composition of fruit, wheat, and flowers, proceeds in both directions to the top where is set a large white flower. The wreath encloses a flat plate on which is set 1 Fig. 150. Antonio Scali. a Tuscan shield (Fig. 150) bearing the Scali arms: Azure, a ladder of three rungs in pale or. Below, a winged cherub unfolds a curved scroll on which is inscribed : ANTONIO A FRAN CIESCHOADI BA RTOLOMEO ISCH ALI A VICH(ARI)0 A MCCCCCVII Antonio-Francesco di Bartolommeo di Luigi Scali had been Prior in Florence in 1480 and 1496, and Capitano and Commissario at Borgo San Sepolcro in 1501. ,- Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Scali; P., 597. 196 STEMMA OF GUGLIELMO D'ANTONIO ALESSANDRI. 1507. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. l6o ROBBIA HERALDRY Within a wreath of fruit, flowers, and wheat arranged in roughly triplex groups, separated by an egg and dart moulding, is a disk on which is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 151), beribboned, containing the stemma of the Ales sandri family: Azure, a double-headed lamb, passant argent: in chief a serpent gules. Fig. 151. Guglielmo Alessandri. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : GVGLELMO A DAN TONIO A DI M(ESSER) AL ESA(N)DRO ADELLI ALESA(N)DRI a VIC(ARI)0 a ET COM(MISSARI)0 1506 1507 Guglielmo d' Antonio di Messer Alessandro d'Ugo di Bartolo Alessandri became a Prior in Florence in 1 5 1 6. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Alessandri; P., 47, 455"457; W., 125. 197 STEMMA OF ANTONIO DI LIONE CASTELLAN! 1507. Pieve- San Stefano, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. The wreath is bound at the base by broad white ribbons, from which an irregular succession of fruit and flowers moves to left and right meeting at the top of the medallion, which is marked by a large white flower. Against a flat blue plate is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 152) beribboned, bear- ROBBIA HERALDRY 161 ing the Castellani arms: Argent, a castle embattled and flanked by two towers gules. Below, two hands unfold a curved scroll inscribed : ANTONIO DI LIO NE CHASTELLANI VICH(ARI)0 MCCCCCVII Many members of this family held high office in Florence. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Castellani; P., 368. Fig. 152. Antonio Castellani. 198 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI D'ANTONIO PERUZZI. 1507. S. Giovanni in Valdarno. Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, No. 9846. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers, and wheat of irregularly triplex com position, set against a concave disk which imitates red porphyry is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 153) bearing the Peruzzi arms: Azure, eight pears or. The number of pears, according to CroUalanza and Wills, should be six, but Italian heraldry exhibits much freedom of details. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed: GIOVANNI ? DAN TONIO ? DI GOV ANNI ? PERVZZI VIC (A) RIO ? LANN(O) ? MDVII Giovanni d' Antonio di Giovanni Peruzzi was a Prior of Florence in 1499 and 1527. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Peruzzi; P., 86-88; W., 164. 1 62 ROBBIA HERALDRY GOV/^NIDAN! • TONIODIGOV NNI'PERYZZI IG UMDVII Jl kd ~ ¦ Fig. 153. Giovanni Peruzzi. 199 STEMMA OF NERI DI FILIPPO RINUCCINI. 1507. Lari, Castello, Cortile. Photo., Alinari, 8708. Within a wreath composed of continuous series of bunches of fruit and flowers is set a Tuscan shield with apices bent forward and rolled back con taining the Rinuccini arms : Argent, a bend fusilly azure, in chief a label of five points gules. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : NERI DI PHILIPPO RINVCCINI VIC(ARIO) ET COM(MISSARIO) MDVII Neri's son Filippo di Neri di Filippo Rinuccini became a Prior in Flor ence in 1 510. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Rinuccini; P., 311 ; W.. 169. ROBBIA HERALDRY 163 200 STEMMA POSSIBLY OF THE SCARAPUCCI FAMILY. 1507. Florence, Castello di Vincigliata. Scott, Vincigliata, p. 40 notes a stemma in maiolica with the device "a star and a lion's jaw" signed V. B. 1507. Mr. Mather writes: "This seems to me a misprint. A star and lion's paw occurs several times i|n Florentine heraldry, as for instance, the Scarapucci arms are Azure, a star and lion's paw in a bend or." 201 EMBLEM OF S. MARIA DELLA QUERCIA. 1508. Viterbo, S. Maria della Quercia. Photos., Alinari, 11847; Moscioni, 4256. For the protection of his vineyard a pious peasant ordered an artist known as Monetto to paint for him an image of the Madonna. This he executed on a roof tile which was suspended from an oak tree by the road side. The miracles which this Madonna della Quercia performed are re lated in a series of frescoes in the Palazzo Comunale at Viterbo. This ancient image has disappeared, but for the church built on the site of the oak tree Andrea della Robbia was commissioned in 1507 and 1508 to make three lunettes. The central one shows the Madonna behind whom are rep resented branches of the celebrated oak (Fig. 154). By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 257-258 No. 340; Cr., 196-197; M., Sc. Mag., 1893, 683; Mor- tier-Ferretti, 87, 154; Pinzi, A. S. A., Ill (1890), 300-332 (Doc); R., D. R., 210; Sc. Ft., Ill, 177-179. 202 EMBLEM OF S. TOMMASO D' AQUINO. 1508. Viterbo, S. Maria della Quercia. Photos., Alinari, 11 849; Brogi, 18345. The archives of S. Maria della Quercia show that in 1 507-1 508 Andrea della Robbia was paid for the three lunettes above the entrance doors. The lunette to the right represents S. Tommaso d' Aquino between two angels. He is represented as the founder of the order (Dominican) bearing in his right hand a church or monastery, in his left a book. After his death he is said to have appeared with a sun or radiating star on his breast and is here so portrayed (Fig. 155). Fra Angelico usually dis tinguishes the sun by a central disk with or without facial characters and so represents it on the breast of S. Tommaso (see SchottmuUer, Fra Angelico, pis. 2, 98, 103, 189), but Andrea della Robbia represents it here ROBBIA HERALDRY 165 Fig. 155. Emblem of S. Tommaso d' Aquino. as a star, one of the rays of which points to the model of a church which S. Tommaso holds. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Cahier, Char. d. Saints, I, 98, 390 note 4; M., Sc. Mag. (1893), 683; Mortier-Ferretti, 155; Pinzi, A. S. A., Ill (1890), 300-332 (Doc). Fig. 156. Antonio Rucellai. 1 66 ROBBIA HERALDRY 203 STEMMA OF ANTONIO DI GIOVANNI RUCELLAI. 1508, Pistoia, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers and wheat, of triplex bunches separated by fluted ribbons set diagonally is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 156) bearing the Rucellai arms : Per bend, in a chief gules a lion passant argent; a base barry indented azure and or. Below, a cherub bears the inscription -» ANTONIO DI GIO VANNI DANTONI O RVCELLAI •» P(ODEST)A 1 M CCCCCVIII "»- Antonio di Giovanni d' Antonio di Giovanni Rucellai was a Prior in Florence in 1506. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Rucellai; P., 257-260; W., 170. 204 STEMMA OF LODOVICO DI LODOVICO GIANDONATI. 1508. Cutigliano, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within an irregularly composed wreath and an inner egg and dart mould ing, set on a flat plate, is a beribboned Tuscan shield bearing the Giandonati arms: Per fess, argent (chief) and gules (base). Below a cherub supports the inscription : LODOVICHO DI LODOVICHO GIANDONATI CAP(ITAN)0 ET COM(MISSARI)0 1508. The Giandonati family furnished six Priors to Florence. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Giandonati; P., 570. 205 STEMMA OF THE GIANDONATI FAMILY, c 1508. S. Cas ciano, S. Giovanni in Sugana. Photo., Alinari, 10089. On the predella of the altarpiece of the Madonna enthroned with Saints are two Tuscan shields bearing the Giandonati arms: Per fess, azure ROBBIA HERALDRY 167 (chief) and gules (base). It is possible that the individual here indicated was Lodovico Giandonati, who, as Capitano and Commissario at Cutigli- ano in 1508 and Vicario at Pescia in 1521, was a patron of the Della Rob bias. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Carocci, 5". Casciano, 157-158; C-M., 250 no. 285; C, s.v. Giandonati; R, 570. 206 STEMMI OF THE GIANDONATI FAMILY, c. 1508. S. Cas ciano. S. Giovanni in Sugana, Canonica. In the vaults, walls, and over the doors of the cortile of the canonica are many stemmi of the Giandonati family. Some are in stone, others in Rob bia ware. Of these the most important is over a door on the ground floor. It is in form a medallion, framed with a wreath of fruit and enclosing a Tuscan shield bearing the Giandonati arms: Per fess, azure (chief) and gules (base). The Giandonati family were patrons of this church. One at least held the office of Pievano. Many were buried here. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Carocci, 5". Casciano, 156-159; C, s.v. Giandonati; P., 570. 207 STEMMA OF GUGLIELMO d'ALOISI SPINI. 1508. Cutigli- ano, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a continuous, irregularly composed wreath of fruit and flow ers, against a flat plate, is set a lily-capped Tuscan shield bearing the arms : Barry nebuly or and gules. Below, a cherub upholds a curved scroll inscribed : CHVGLIELMO DI LV...SI (DI) ANTONIO ISPINI CH(APITAN)0 E COM(MISSARI)0 MDVIII Guglielmo d'Aloisi d'Antonio d' Angelo Spini belonged to a family which held high office in Florence. Robbia School. 1 68 ROBBIA HERALDRY Document : Chapitanj Montanee pistorij Cu Duobus Notarijj Debet facere continua. re- sid(entiam) in seo Marcello n(isi) al(ite)r deliberabitur p ( er ) d ( om- in)os p(rior)es alib vetere c 233 Duobus Domicellis xij famulis inter quos sint Tres balistarij Tribus equis Cum salario lib (rarum) 1403 s 9 d(en.) 10 de quibus sibi solvantur 1 675 Comunj pistorij et Residii p(er) Comj dietj . Capj subiecta Guglielmus aloysij ant' angeli despinis p(ro) 6 mensibus 23 Marzii 1507 [Arch, di stato. Registrum Extrinsecorum, 1 505-1 529 segnato Tratte Cod. 7i» c. 13] Bibl. : C, s.v. Spini; W., 175. •HUIVO- PlGt'OV ANt-n--,\'l- <%V2..l ,' Fig. 157. Filippo Peruzzi. 208 STEMMA OF FILIPPO DI GIOVANNI PERUZZI. 1508. Scarperia. Palazzo del Vicariato. Photo., Private. Within a wreath irregularly composed of fruit, wheat, and flowers, with an inner egg and dart moulding, on a flat plate is a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 157) bearing the Peruzzi arms: Azure, six pears, three, two and one or. Below, on a rectangular, filleted tablet, is inscribed : ROBBIA HERALDRY 169 A FILIPPO A DI GIOV ANNI A PERUZI A V(ICARI)0 A ET A 1507 A 1508 Filippo di Giovanni di Rinieri Peruzzi was a Prior in Florence in 1503. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Peruzzi; P., 86-88; W., 164. 209 STEMMA OF THE GERINI FAMILY, c. 1508. Paris, Musee de Cluny, No. 3095. In the centre of a console is a beribboned Tuscan shield bearing the.Gerini arms : Asure, a wheel between three lion heads, 2 and 1, or. Bibl. : DuSommerard, Cat., 256 No. 3095; P., 795-796 (Azure, a wheel and three increscent moons or) ; W., 141. 210 EMBLEM OF JESUS. 1508. Massa Carrara, Duomo, S. Fran cesco. Photo., Private. Beneath some fragments of a Nativity attributed to Benedetto Buglioni, but more likely to have been made by some other member of the Robbia School, is a medallion framed by a scanty olive wreath and containing, against a blue background in yellow, the letters Y H S. Both frame and lettering are quite different from Benedetto Buglioni's Emblem of Jesus in S. Pietro in Perugia. School of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Mazzini, 1-10, (Doc). 211 STEMMA OF THE STROZZI AND DEL BENINO FAMILIES. c. 1508. Florence, Palazzo Canigiani. Photo., Alinari, 17075. On the predella of the relief of the Madonna and Child and S. Giovan nino, a free copy of Raphael's La Belle Jardiniere (1507), on Tuscan shields (Fig. 158) are two coats of arms. The dexter shield bears the Strozzi arms : Or, on a fess gules three increscent moons argent. The sinister shield bears the Del Benino arms: Argent, a unicorn rampant gules. The Strozzi and Del Benino families intermarried several times. In 1460 Leonardo di Stagio Strozzi married Violante di Niccolo di Noferi Benini; in 1488 Piero di Leonardo di Piero del Benino married Alessandra di Lorenzo di Matteo Strozzi; and in 1538 Matteo di Giovanni di Matteo I7o ROBBIA HERALDRY Strozzi married Diamante di Raffaello del Benino. On account of the resemblance to Raphael's painting and because of the shape of the shield, this relief may be assigned to about 1508. Fig. 158. Strozzi and Benino Arms. Bibl. : Archivio di Stato. Carte Pucci, Sec. XVIII, Fam. Strozzi; also Carte Dei, sec. XVIII Fam. Strozzi; C, s.v. Strozzi, Benino; Cr., 233; Litta, IX, Tav. 2, 17, 18; P., 92-96; 424; R., D. R., 257; Sc. FI., IV, p. VIII, 63. 212 STEMMA OF THE STROZZI FAMILY, c 1508. Ponte a Men- sola, Villa di Querceto. Recorded by Miss Cruttwell, p. 352, as in the Villa di Querceto, owned by the Marchese Riccardo Strozzi. The Strozzi arms are : Or, on a fess gules three moons increscent argent. ROBBIA HERALDRY 171 Bibl. : C, s.v. Strozzi; P., 92-96; W., 176. 213 STEMMA OF THE GHETTINI FAMILY, c 1508. Florence, Museo Nazionale, No. 56. Photos., Alinari, 2777; Brogi, 9480. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Nativity and Saints (No. 56 in Mus. Naz.) is a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 159) bearing the Ghettini arms: Asure, three mounts of three summits or, 2 and 1, separated by a bend ondy of the same; in chief a label of Anjou, gules with three lilies or. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C-M., 160, 237 No. 199; M., D. R. A., 153, Fig. 61; Supino, 448, No. 56. 214 STEMMA OF THE BUSINI AND ANTELLA OR BERLIN GHIERI FAMILIES, c. 1508. Florence, (near), Vincigliata, Cap pella del Castello. Photo., Alinari, 3334; Brogi, 9142. On the pedestal of the vase containing lilies in the Annunciation lunette are two shields, ( 1 ) one of French type, containing the Busini arms : Bar ry indented or and azure, a bend gules charged with three roses argent; (2) a Tuscan shield with the Antella arms : Argent, a chevron gules; or possibly the Berlinghieri arms : Argent, a chevron azure. There was a union of the Busini and Antella families; and in 1508 a marriage between Francesco d' Antonio di Francesco Busini and Cammilla di Francesco di Niccolo Berlinghieri. Document ' "franco d'Anf di franco Busini Cammilla di franco di Niccolo Berlinghieri" [Arch, di Stato. Ancisa, G. G, c. 327] Bibl. : C-M., 119, 214 No. 54, 257, No. 339; C, s.v. Antella, Busini; P., 51- 54; 471-472; R., D. R., 247; Scott, 71 ; W., 132. 215 STEMMA OF THE CORTIGIANI FAMILY, c 1508. Florence (near), Castello di Vincigliata. OK?*! i^i^Wv^i'v V\'i. ', 0J8SH2SSKSHEBEJR f3^i£!^!3!82g)f5ism^ figg&w&mm itaiHafciuiLtfigia^^ Fig. 159. Ghettini Arms. ROBBIA HERALDRY 173 Scott, Vincigliata, p. 40, notes a stemma in Robbia ware beneath a large stone Madonna, with the arms : Or, a lion rampant sable bearing a pastoral staff of the same, in pretence the People of Florence. This stemma is no longer at Vincigliata. Bibl. : C, s.v. Cortigiani; W., 137. Fig. 160. Uncertain. i74 ROBBIA HERALDRY 216 STEMMA NOT DETERMINED, c 1508. Florence (near), Cas tello di Vincigliata. Scott, Vincigliata, p. 40, notes a stemma in maiolica with the device: two deer. It is no longer in the Castello at Vincigliata. 217 STEMMA UNCERTAIN, c 1509. Rome, Vatican, Borgia rooms. Photo., Brogi, 16411. In the console of the relief of the Vision of S. Bernard is a wreath en closing a Tuscan shield (Fig. 160) bearing the arms: Per fess gules (chief) and or (base). Mr. Mather writes: "This may be either the Paoli of Siena or Simonetti or Benozzi of Florence. Authority for for mer, Blasone Senese, sec. XVIII, vol. 3, p. 310; for the latter two Cod. Araldico Fiorentino, p. 85." By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Cr. 353 ; Farabulini, Atti Acad. Rom. pont. di archeologia, IX- 218 STEMMA OF NICCOLO DI GIORGIO UGOLINI. 1509. Pis toia, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of continuous, triplex bunches of fruit, flowers, and wheat, set against a violet (imitation of porphyry) disk, is displayed a Fig. 161. Niccol& Ugolini. ROBBIA HERALDRY 175 beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 161), bearing the Ugolini arms: Per bend in chief or a lion passant azure, in base azure a lion passant or. Below, a cherub displays a curved scroll inscribed : NICHOLO + DI GIORGIO + DI NIC HOLO + UGOLINI P(ODEST) A + MDVIII + E + MDVIIII Nicolo di Giorgio di Niccolo Ugolini had been a Prior in Florence in 1482, 1490 and 1506. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Ugolini; P., 502-503; W., 182. 219 STEMMA OF LIONARDO DI ZANOBI GUIDOTTI. 1509. Arezzo, Palazzo Comunale, Inside. Photo., Private. Within a broad wreath of triplex bunches of fruit and flowers, sur- Fig. 162. Leonardo Guidotti. rounded by an egg and dart moulding and set against a mottled violet (imitation of poryphyry) plate, is a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 162) bearing the Guidotti arms: Quartered in saltire; chief and base argent, 176 ROBBIA HERALDRY each with half moon increscent gules; dexter and sinister sides barry undy of six or and asure. Below is a winged cherub upholding a scroll inscribed: LIONARDO DI ZANOBI GHVIDOTTI PO(DEST)A + E + C(0)M(MISSARI)0 + M + D + IX Lionardo di Zanobi Guidotti had been a Prior in Florence in 1478 and again in 1498. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Guidotti; P., 736-738. 220 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI LAPO NICCOLINI. 1509. San Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, No. 9845. Within a wreath of continuous bunches of fruit and flowers of parti ally triplex composition, surrounded by an egg and dart moulding and set Fig. 163. Giovanni Niccolini. ROBBIA HERALDRY 177 against a flat plate is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 163) bearing the Niccolini arms : Azure, a lion rampant, guardant, argent, debruised of a bend gules; in chief, a label of four points gules enclosing two fleurs-de-lys or and in the centre a papal tiara and two keys crossed in saltire or. Below, on a curved scroll upheld by two hands is : GIOVANNI y DI LAPO y NICHO LINI y VIC(ARI)0 y MDVIII E y MD Villi Giovanni di Lapo di Giovanni Niccolini was a Prior in Florence in 1504 and 1514. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C„ s.v. Niccolini; P., 435"437; W., 58. 221 STEMMA OF LIONARDO DI GREGORIO ANTINORI. 1509. Pieve San Stefano, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit and flowers of irregular composition is an egg and dart moulding surrounding a flat plate on which is a beribboned Tus can shield (Fig. 164) bearing the Antinori arms: Or, a chief lozengy of four tracks azure and of the field. Below, on a curved scroll unfolded by two hands is : LIONARDO y DI GHIRIGORO y AN TINORI y VICHARIO E CHOM(MISSARI)OJM DIX Gregorio, or Ghirigoro, di Matteo di Francesco Antinori was a Prior in Florence in 1481. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Antinori; P., 516-517; W., 126. 178 ROBBIA HERALDRY 222 STEMMA OF CRISTOFANO D'AGNOLO RISALITI. 1509. Cutigliano, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within an irregularly composed wreath of fruit and flowers and an egg and dart moulding surrounding a flat plate is a kite shaped shield bearing the Risaliti arms : Azure, two lions paws erased per saltire argent. Below, a cherub upholds a tablet inscribed : CRISTOFANO DANGLIOLO DI PRIORE RISALITI CAP(ITAN)0 E COM(MISSARI)0 1509 Among the many officials represented by this family two of the name Priore held the office of Prior in Florence in 1421, 1428, and 1433. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Risaliti ; P., 324-325 ; W., 1 9. 223 STEMMA OF A BISHOP, c 1509. Florence, Bardini Collection (1895). Within a fruit frame with inner egg and dart moulding on a blue fluted disk, is a shield with the arms : Per fess, in chief, three wings argent, a base chequy azure and argent. A Bishop's mitre is set above the shield. 224 STEMMA OF TOMMASO DI PIERO GIACOMINI-TEBAL- DUCCI. 1509. San Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. ^Within a wreath of fruit and flowers is a Tuscan shield, bearing the Giacomini arms : Gules, a bend or, in chief a label of five points asure. Below is a tablet inscribed : TOMMASO DI PIERO • GAC HOMINI • TEBA LDVCCI • V(ICARI)0 • 1509 Tommaso di Piero di Tommaso Giacomini, whose branch of the family was allied to that of the Tebalducci, was a Prior of Florence in 1499 and again in 1509, the same year that he became Vicario at S. Giovanni in Valdarno. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Giacomini; P., 760-761. ROBBIA HERALDRY 179 225 STEMMA OF GIOVANFRANCESCO DI GUERRIERI GUER RIERI. 1510. Buggiano Alto, Municipio. Photo., Private. Removed from the Castello. On a rectangular tablet (Fig. 165), set against a blue background is a Tuscan shield bearing the Guerrieri arms -. GGVANFRATMCES ICHO-DIGHVEkRl ERJ-GHVERRIERI |PO'15°>E'I5I°' Fig. 165. Giovanfrancesco Guerrieri. Or, a griffin segreant gules debruised of a bend argent charged with three lilies gules. The lower part of this frame is broadened and inscribed : GOVANFRANCESCHO y DIGHVERRI ERI y GHVERRIERI * po(dest) a y 1509 y e y 1510 y Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Guerrieri; Cr., 335. 226 STEMMA OF BENEDETTO DI BATE BATI. 15 10. Sesto, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. On a white rectangular frame is set against a mottled green (verde antico) background a Tuscan shield (Fig. 166) bearing the Bati arms: Gules, a bend or charged, with three wild boars passant sable, girt argent. l8o ROBBIA HERALDRY On the broadened frame below is inscribed : BENEDECTO DI BATE DI BENEDE CTO BATI PO DESTA ? 1510 + * Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Carocci, I, 312; C-M., 248 No. 268; Cr., 355. BENEDECXQD BATEDiBENEDE CTO BATI PC? , •DESTA'LfiQ^ Fig. 166. Benedetto Bati. 227 STEMMA OF THE PITTI FAMILY, c 15 10. Radda, Palazzo Pretorio, Cortile. Photo., Private. On a plain rectangular tablet is set a Tuscan shield with the Pitti arms : Barry nebuly, sable and argent. No inscription or date. The records of Radda might disclose what member of the Pitti family was Podesta at Radda and at what date. It is probably later than the Martini stemma of 1497 near which it has been placed. 228 STEMMA OF BERNARDO DI CARLO GONDI. 15 10. Scar peria, Palazzo del Vicariate Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath irregularly composed of fruit and flowers, against a fluted shell is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 167) bearing the Gondi arms: Asure, two maces in saltire or, the heads in chief, Above, a winged cherub (Fig. 168) holds a curved scroll inscribed: y BERNARDO DI CHARLO GHONDI y VICHA RIO y MDX * beneath which an unglazed rectangular tablet adds : ET MDXXI ROBBIA HERALDRY 181 Below the medallion is a rectangular tablet unglazed, with balusters at either end, inscribed: ANTONFRAN(CESCO) DI LORENZO GHONDI the latter part obscured by the canopy of a coat of arms below it. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Gondi; W., 145. Fig. 167. Bernardo Gondi. Fig. 168. Gondi Tablet. 229 ARMS OF THE PAZZI DELLO STECCUTO. c 15 10. ence, Bardini Collection (formerly). Flor- Within a crude garland of continuous, triplex groups of fruit and flow ers framed on its inner side by an egg and dart moulding is a yellow fluted shell on which is a French shield (Fig. 169) bearing the Pazzi dello Stec- Fig. 169. Pazzi dello Steccato. cuto arms: Azure, two dolphins hauriant, embowed, affronty, holding a cross, argent; in chief three wreaths of sticks (stecchi). Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1902, Cat. no. 503, pi. 20.' 1 82 ROBBIA HERALDRY 230 STEMMA OF ALOISI DI BARONE CAPPELLI. 15 10. Arez zo, Palazzo Comunale, Inside. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of continuous triplex bunches of fruit, flowers and wheat (with animalculi), and an inner egg and dart moulding, set on a -A I - — *** fjf$B | IaVf^WT Fig. 170. Aloisi Cappelli. blue fluted disk, is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 170) bearing the arms of the Cappelli family : Or, a prelate's hat gules. Below a winged cherub unfolds a curved scroll inscribed : TEMPORE y ALO ISI y BARONIS y IOAN NIS y DE CHAPPELLIS P(ODEST) A y LANNO TM^D^XJ Aloisi di Barone di Giovanni Cappelli was a Prior in Florence in 1506 and became a Capitano in Volterra in 1528. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Cappelli; P., 415-416; W., 133. 231 STEMMA OF THE CAMBINI FAMILY, c. 1510. New York, Collection of Mr. J. P. Morgan. ROBBIA HERALDRY 183 Formerly in the Frescobaldi .collection. Later in the Bardini sale, 1902. Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum. Removed before sale. Within a wreath of continuous, triplex bunches of fruit and flowers is Fig. 171. Cambini Arms a blue fluted disk against which is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 171) bearing the Cambini arms : Argent, a lion rampant or, bearing a branch vert. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1902, Cat. No. 505, Plate, no number; C, s.v. Cam bini ; P., 724-725. 232 STEMMA OF THE GAETANI AND MINERBETTI FAMI LIES, c. 1 5 10. Florence, Museo Nazionale, no. 43. Photo., Brogi, 9482. From Montaione, formerly in the refectory of the suppressed monastery of S. Vivaldo. Probably indicating one of the patrons of the monastery. In a wreath, composed chiefly of triplex, continuous groups of fruit and flowers separated into quadrants by fluted yellow ribbons crossing each other, with an inner egg and dart moulding framing a blue fluted disk is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 172) bearing the combined Gaetani and Minerbetti arms. To the left are the Gaetani arms: Per pale, dexter, quarterly ar gent and gules, sinister paly or and gules. To the right the Minerbetti arms : Gules, three swords in pale fanwise argent, in chief a crosslet of the same. It may be recalled that Bartolommeo Gaetani presented a Robbia altar- piece to the church at Fabbrica di Peccioli in 1 504, and that Bartolommeo di Ruggero Minerbetti was Podesta at Montaione in 1490. By Giovanni della Robbia. ^ Bibl. : C, s.v. Gaetani, Minerbetti; C-M.. Supino, 446 No. 43; W., 155. 237 no. 200; Cr., 338; P., 72-74; 1 84 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 172. Gaetani and Minerbetti. 233 STEMMA OF THE GAETANI AND MINERBETTI, c. 1510. New York, Duveen Bros., in 1916. This stemma formerly in the Frescobaldi collection, figured in the Bar dini sale of 1902, was purchased by Mr. J. P, Morgan and exhibited in London and in the Metropolitan Museum in New York, until sold in 1916 to the Duveen Bros. It is slightly smaller than the stemma in the Museo Nazionale, No. 43, the corners of the shield are not straight but rolled back into a scroll, the quarterings of the Gaetani arms are reversed in order (beginning gules instead of argent), and the fruit frame is less character istic of Giovanni's own handiwork. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1902, Cat., No. 506, and plate, no number. 234 STEMMA OF BISHOP FRANCESCO DI TOMMASO MINER BETTI. c. 1 510. London, Victoria and Albert Museum, No. 62-'82. Photo., Private. On a mottled violet disk a Tuscan shield bears the Minerbetti arms: Gules, three swords in pile, fanwise, argent; between hilts of 1 and 2, a Papal mitre and keys. The gules may have been indicated by superficial paint — or possibly by the mottled violet disk. The individual indicated is ROBBIA HERALDRY 185 probably Francesco di Tommaso Minerbetti, Bishop of Arezzo, friend of Leo X, and later a Counsellor of State under Duke Alessandro and Cosimo I. The Papal emblem may have been granted by Leo X. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Minerbetti; Cr., 345; P., 72-74; W., 155. 235 STEMMA OF THE MACCHIAVELLI FAMILY, c 15 10. Tor re (near Montespertoli). Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath of chiefly triplex bunches of fruit, flowers, wheat, and animalculi, and an inner egg and dart moulding, set against an imitation of porphyry disk, is a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 173) bear ing the Macchiavelli arms : Argent, a cross asure angled of four nails in saltire of the same. Many members of this family held high office in Florence. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Macchiavelli; Cr., 356; Ginnani, Tav. Ill no. 51; P., 62-65; W., 150. 236 STEMMA OF VERANO D'ANTONIO PERUZZI. 15 10. Lari, Castello, Cortile. Photo., Private. Within a heavy wreath of fruit and flowers and an inner egg and dart moulding, set against a violet, fluted. disk, is a shield of Tuscan form bearing the Peruzzi arms : Asure, six pears, three, two and one, or. t86 ROBBIA HERALDRY Below, a winged cherub upholds a scroll inscribed : VERANO- DAN TONIO- DI GIO VANNI • PERUZZI • V(ICARI)0- E COM(MISSARI)0- 1510- Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Peruzzi; P., 86-88; W., 164. 237 STEMMA OF THE GHETTINI FAMILY, c 15 10. New York, Collection of Mr. J. P. Morgan. Purchased at the Bardini sale, 1902. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers, and wheat irregularly composed and an inner egg and dart moulding, is a white fluted disk containing a Tuscan Fig. 174. Ghettini Arms. shield (Fig. 174) bearing the Ghettini arms: Asure, a bend ondy be tween three mounts, 2 and 1, each of three tops or; in chief, a label of. Anjou of four points gules, three lilies or. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1902, Cat., No. 507, Plate, no number. 238 STEMMA OF GIOVANBATTISTA DI PAOLO DEGLI AL BIZZI. 1 5 10. S. Giovanni in Valdarno. Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath of triplex bunches of fruit and flowers, set on a concave blue disk is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 175) bearing the Albizzi arms : Sable, two concentric bands or. ROBBIA HERALDRY 187 ^DIPAGhH**DEJLGLAL?VVi Fig. 17s. Giovanbattista Albizzi. Below is a curved scroll, upheld by two hands, inscribed : GOVANBATI STA y DI PAGHO LOJDELGL ALBI ZI y VIC( ARI)0 JM^D^X Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Albizzi. W., 124. 239 STEMMA OF THE ALBIZZI FAMILY, c. 15 10. London, Victoria and Albert Museum, No. 4412, '58. Photo., Museum. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Adoration of the Magi is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 176) bearing the Albizzi arms: Sable, two concentric rings or; in chief argent a cross of the Teutonic Order sable. Many members of this family held high office in Florence. In 15 10 Giovanbattista di Paolo degli Albizzi held the office of Vicario at S. Gio vanni in Valdarno. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 95, 113, 267 No. 381; C, s.v. Albizzi; P., 42-47; R., D. R., 182-183; Sc. FI, III, 165; S., 140, Abb. 152; W., 124. 1 88 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 176. Albizzi Arms. ROBBIA HERALDRY 189 240 STEMMA OF NICCOLO PANDOLFINI. c 15 10. Florence, S. Paolino. Photo., Private. Above the entrance of the little church S. Paolino is a lunette, apparently transferred from some other locality. It is glazed a light blue and on it are two half figures of angels in white upholding a wreath of white roses and green leaves. Within the wreath is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 177) bear ing the Pandolfini arms : Azure, three dolphins naiant in pale or; in chief, Fig. 177. Niccolo Pandolfini. dexter, a label of Anjou, sinister, a canton argent charged with a vase con taining three roses proper. Above the wreath was once a bishop's mitre of which portions of the infulae only now remain. The arms of Leo X are set above the lunette. Hence the Pandolfini arms here represented are probably those of Niccolo Pandolfini, made Bishop of Pistoia in 1474 and a Cardinal by Leo X in 1 5 1 7. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. ' Bibl.: C, s.v. Pandolfini; Cr., 341 ; Marcotti, 220; P., 653-654; Roscoe II, 78. 241 TABLET FOR MARCO BARONCINI. 15 10. Galluzzo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. A winged cherub head supports a tabella ansata inscribed : MARCHOBARONCINI A P(ODEST)A A M-D-X- The arms have disappeared. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. 190 ROBBIA HERALDRY 242 STEMMA OF SEBASTIANO DI MICHELE MONTI. 1510. Borgo San Lorenzo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit arranged in regular groups of two is set a shield of semi-Tuscan form bearing the Monti arms : Argent, a label of three points asure; a chief azure with label of Anjou gules. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : BASTIANO- DI MICHELE- MON TI- P(ODEST)A- MDX This branch of the Monti family was known as the Albergatori. Be tween 1442 and 1528 this family furnished twenty Priors to Florence. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Monti detti Albergatori. 243 STEMMA OF UBERTO DI FRANCESCO DE NOBILI. 151 1. Arezzo, Palazzo Comunale, Inside. Photo., Private. Within a rectangular frame consisting of an egg and dart between fillet mouldings is a tournament shield (Fig. 178) bearing the arma moderna of the de Nobili family: Azure, a bend of France (seme of lilies or) fim briated argent. The shield is crowned by a helmet with torse and mantling and crested with a demi-lion rampant. Below, a charming cherub bears a curved scroll- inscribed : VBERTO ? DI FRANCESCO ? DVBERTO ? DENO BILI + P(ODEST)A + E COM(MISSARI)0 ? 1510 E 1511 Uberto di Francesco d'Uberto de Nobili had been a Prior in Florence in 1497 and 1 501. By Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Nobili; P., 481-483; W., 159. 244 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI BARTOLO MORI. 151 1. Sesto, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. On a white frame against a light green background is set a beribboned ,jga Fig. 192. Francesco Mazzinghi. 266 STEMMA OF NICCOLO DI LORENZO MARTELLINI. 15 13. Galluzzo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. On a nearly square frame, surrounded by an egg and dart moulding, is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 193) bearing the Martellini arms: Gules, a falcon argent, in the act of detaching a bell from his leg, on a mount of six tops or, debruised of a bend asure. Below, on a rectangular tablet is inscribed : NICHOLAVS M AGISTRI LAVRE(N)T II MARTELLI NIS POTESTAS- MDXIII Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Carocci, Galluzzo, 39; C, s.v. Martellini del Falcone. 267 STEMMA AND EMBLEMS OF POPE LEO X, AND OF CAR DINAL LORENZO PUCCI. 15 13. Rome, Castel S. Angelo. Cap pella Clemente VII. A. In the centre of the ceiling is a medallion framed with a "tronco" of oak, like the frames of the Medici medallions in the Museo Industriale. 208 ROBBIA HERALDRY It contains a Tuscan shield displaying the Medici arms : Or, five torteaux in orle, in chief a hurt charged with three lilies or. This medallion, like the pavement tiles, dates from the renovation of the castle by Leo X. B. In the pavement are tiles showing (i) in a kite shaped shield six NlCHOL-VSiV! (AGISTIOLAM toMAKTILUNIS::xjresTAS\f>3 Fig. 193. Niccolo Martellini. Medici palle surmounted by a tiara and cross keys; (2) the lions of Leo X; (3) the Medici yoke; and (4) the Medici diamond; and (5) the Moor's head, emblem of the Pucci family, a memorial of Lorenzo Pucci, first Cardinal created by Leo X in 15 13. Papini attributes these pavement titles to Luca di Andrea della Robbia, but they are more probably of Spanish origin. By Luca di Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Papini, Faenza, II (1914), 65-71. 268 TABLET OF GIOVANNI AND MICHELE SALVETTI. London, Victoria and Albert Museum, No. 7397a-'6o. 1513- On a rectangular tablet, 0.32m. X 0.15m., is inscribed: GIOVANNI • SALVETTI ¦ P(ODEST)A -E ¦ C(OMMISSARI)0 ¦ MCCCCLIIII E MICHELE • SVO ¦ FIGLIOLO ¦ P(0- DEST)A MDXIII Giovanni di Francesco di Salvetto Salvetti was a Prior in Florence in 1455 and 1459- His son Michele was a Florentine Prior in 1499. The tablet doubtless was once placed on a Palazzo Publico in the town where Giovanni and his son served as Podesta, and above it the family stemma : Argent, two lions affronty gules. CroUalanza gives the Salvetti arms : Or, a bull rampant gules. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Salvetti; P., 832-833. ROBBIA HERALDRY 209 269 STEMMA OF FEDERIGO DI GIOVANNI RICCI. 1513. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers, and wheat, arranged for the most part in continuous, triplex bunches surrounding an egg and dart mould ing, is a white fluted disk on which is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 194) bearing the Ricci arms : Azure, six hedgehogs, three, two and one or, and Fig. 194. Ricci Arms. six eight pointed stars of the same, two, one, two, one. The number of hedgehogs and stars is not constant. The tablet is missing but the Archives of Florence supply the information that Federigo di Giovanni Federighi de' Ricci held the office of Vicario in S. Giovanni in Valdarno in 15 13. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Document : Vicarius vallis ami S(uperioris) (S Giov. Vald.) Cii cum Salario lib. Duaru Miliu Solvedo a dicto vichariatu pro quod libet Semestri 1 2000. Uno Milite not0 uno alio Notario Ite uno alio Notario proius dicedo amoteghozi anorum XXX a matri col(ati) florentie salte(m) pro com(unitate)Quatuor domicellis. XV famulis et quinque equis ffederigus Joh(ann)is federighi de riccis — p(er)6 mensibus — 30 decembris i5J3 [Archiv. di Stato. Registrum Extrinsecorum 1 505-1 529, Segnato Tratte Cod. 71 c. 20.J Bibl. : C, s.v. Ricci di Firenze; W., 168. Fig. 195. Tronconi Arms. ROBBIA HERALDRY 211 270 STEMMA OF THE TRONCONI FAMILY. 1514. Pieve S. Stefano. S. Francesco. Photo., Private. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece representing the Assump tion and Saints is a medallion (Fig. 195) with the arms: Azure two hands breaking a rod or branch proper. Dr. Andrea de Lucca writes to Mr. Mather that these are the arms of a now extinct family, the Tronconi family of Pieve S. Stefano. The altarpiece bears the inscription : QVESTA TAVOLA + ELA CAP (P) ELLA ? AN(N)0 FATTA ? FARE ? lACOPO ? MATTEO ? SANTI * E G(I)VLIANIO ? FIG- LVOLI ? DI GIOVAN (N) I * DIACOPO ? DI CECHO ? DA LA PIEVE * 1514 ? Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 252 No. 304; Cr., 355. 271 STEMMA OF CARDINAL PIETRO DI BENEDETTO AC COLTI AND OF NICCOLO DI CIONE POLLINI. 1514. Flor ence, Museo Nazionale, No. 64. Photos., Alinari, 2752 ; Brogi, 9474. On the predella of a large altarpiece representing the Lamentation over the Dead Body of Christ are two coats of arms on Tuscan shields (Fig. 196). The dexter shield bears the Accolti arms: Barry, argent and gides, a bordure azure charged with eight stars or. Above the shield a Cardinal's hat and tassels, gules. The individual indicated was without doubt Pietro di Benedetto Accolti, made a Cardinal by Julius II on March 10, 15 10. He was a near relative of Bernardo Accolti, Prior of the monastery and hospital from which the altarpiece came. The sinister shield bears the PoUini arms : Azure, three mill wheels or, two and one, separated by a fess of the same charged with a ladder of three rungs gules. The ladder is here omitted or worn away. The indi vidual indicated was probably Niccolo di Cione di Niccolo Pollini who ruled the Arte della Lana from 151 5 to 1528, a descendant of Cione di Lapo di Gherardo Pollini, a high official in the Arte della Lana and founder of the hospital (131 3) from which the altarpiece came. A recently published document shows that Giovanni della Robbia re ceived payment for this altarpiece in the month of August, 15 14. Bibl. : B., lahrb., VIII (1887), 220-221 ; C-M., 216 No. 67; Ciacconius, III, Fig. 196. Accolti and Pollini Arms. ROBBIA HERALDRY 213 290-295, 477-478; C, s.v. Accolti, Pollini; Cr., 238-239; M., D. R. A., 119 Fig. 49; Poggi, Burl. Mag., XXVIII, 129 note 4 (Doc); R., D. R., 246-247; Sc. FI., IV, 60; Richa, III, 327-351 ; Rosselli, Ha c. 879; Supino, 450 no. 64. 272 STEMMA OF BINDACCIO DI ANDREA DA RICASOLI. 15 14. Scarperia, Palazzo del Vicariate Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath irregularly composed of fruit and flowers, and an inner egg and dart moulding, is a fluted disk bearing a Tuscan Fig. 197. Bindaccio Ricasoli. shield (Fig. 197) with the Ricasoli arms: Or, three pallets gules sur mounted of as many bars asure; in chief a plate with a Croce del Popolo. Below, a well modelled winged cherub displays an almost horizontal scroll inscribed: y BINDACCIO DI ANDREA y DA RICASOLI y VIC(ARI)0 J M y d y xiiii + *f Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. i Bibl. : C, s.v. Ricasoli; W., 167. 273 STEMMA OF GIANOZZO DI PIERO GIANFIGLIAZZL 15 14. Cutigliano, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath of fruit and flowers and an inner egg and 214 ROBBIA HERALDRY dart moulding, set on a fluted disk is a Tuscan shield bearing the Gianfig- liazzi arms : Or, a lion rampant asure armed and langued gules. Below, on a curved scroll, is inscribed : GIANNOZZO DI PIERO GIANFIGLIAZZI C(OMMISSARI)0 15 14 The name Gianozzo Gianfigliazzi occurs amongst the Priors of Florence in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Gianfigliazzi; P., 466-468; W., 142. 274 STEMMA OF DADDO CALCAGNI AND OF HIS WIFE TOM MASA RICCOBALDI. 1514. Poggibonsi (near), S. Lucchese. Photo., Lombardi 1778. On the predella of an important altarpiece representing the Immaculate Virgin and Saints are two coats of arms on Tuscan shields. At the dexter end are the Calcagni arms : Argent, a hound salient azure. At the sinis ter, the Riccobaldi arms : Vert, three stars or, two and one, divided by a fess of the same. Inasmuch as Daddo di Tommaso di Simone Calcagni was married to Tommasa di Gabriele Riccobaldi in 1503 we may conclude that this altarpiece was their joint gift. One of the four pilasters is inscribed: AN(N)0- S(ALVATORIS) • M-D-XIIII Influence of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Brogi, Inv., 420-421; C-M., 244 No. 238; Del Migliori Ms. in Bibl. Magliabec Classe XXVI, Cod. 131, c. 139; Priorista Ridolfi, s.v. Calcagni. 275 STEMMA OF RAFFAELLO DI ZANOBI GIOCONDO. 15 14. Borgo San Lorenzo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath of irregular bunches of fruit and flowers is a circular disk with shield and stemma missing. Below, on a horizontal scroll upheld by two hands is inscribed : RAFAELLO ¦ DI ZANOBI • DI DOMENICO- G(I)0 CONDI- P(ODEST)A- 1514 Robbia School. ROBBIA HERALDRY 215 276 STEMMA OF THE OSPEDALE DEL CEPPO. 1515. Pistoia, Ospedale del Ceppo. Photo., Private. On the short side of the loggia, to the right of the facade, may be seen two pilasters and a medallion (Fig. 198). The pilasters are there to com plete the decorative scheme of the loggia on this the least important of its faces. The medallion, now simply space filling, may have been designed for a frontal position, now occupied by the larger medallions of Giovanni Ospedale del Ceppo. della Robbia. This medallion may be identified as the one for which Benedetto Buglioni was paid two large golden florins on March 26, 151 5. The medallion is framed by a polychromatic wreath of fruit composed of triplex bunches bound by small ribbons. The fruit, in high relief, is arranged in alternately dark and light bunches, not invariably homo geneous. The wreath is set between an outer egg and dart and an inner cord moulding. Within this frame is a circular band chequy argent and sable, the insignia of the City of Pistoia, enclosing a flat blue disk on which is displayed in natural colours a group of olive stumps (ceppi) three of which are sprouting. It may be noted that the field against which the stumps appear has no fixed value. Here it is blue ; on the other short side of the loggia, white; at the angles on shields upheld by Sirens, yellow. By Benedetto Buglioni. 2l6 ROBBIA HERALDRY Document : "MDXIIIJ Spedale di santa maria dell ceppo di pistoia de dare. 1515. Et de dare adj XXVI detto (marzo) 1515 f. dua l(arghi) oro i(n)oro se faciano buonj p(er) luj a benedetto di giovannj ischultore avere al l(ibro) gee c 156 e sono p(er) una arme di detto ispedale di terrachotta invetriata f 2 — lire-" [Archivio di S. Maria Nuova, Libro Azzurro, segnato E, 1513-1516, c. 117; also Milanesi, Misc. 32 III P, c. 480. J Bibl. : R. g. Mather, L'Arte, XXII (1918), I93-J94; M., A. I. A., XXII (1918), 370-371. 277 STEMMA OF FILIPPO D'ANTONIO LORINI. 151 5. Pescia, Via Benedettini. Cairoli, 22. Photo., Private. Within a wreath composed of triplex bunches of fruit interspersed with a few flowers, separated by double, narrow ribbons, framed on its inner edge by a rope moulding, set against a white fluted disk, is a Tuscan shield Fig. 199. Lorini Arms. (Fig. 199) bearing the Lorini arms: Azure, a mount of six summits or, from which two branches vert with four roses argent; in chief a label of France gules with three fleurs-de-lys or. Filippo d' Antonio di Giovanni di ROBBIA HERALDRY 217 Filippo Lorini held the office of Vicario at Pescia in 1493. He was deco rated by King Louis of France and buried in S. Marco in 1520. On styl istic grounds this medallion may be assigned to the year 15 15. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Document : 1. "Vic. Vallis Nebule (Pescia) cum Uno Judice licentiato cum Salario librarum uno Milite socio not° Duaru miliii sibi uno Notario solvendarum adicto iiij" Domicellis Vic" p(ro)quolibet xv famulis Semestrj iiij" eq(ui)s filippus dantonij Io(Johannis) filippo lorinj — 84 — 6 mesi — Die 12 dicem- bre 1493." [Arch, di Stato. Registrum Extrinsecorum, 1 489-1 508, segnato Tratte Cod. 70 c. 19.] 2. "Chiesa di San Marco Fra l'Altare de Ricci e quello de Martini Cartella dj marmo nel muro con queste due arme de Lorini (one without, the other with the label of France) e con la seguente Inscrizione : Philippus Lorino Antonij F. Patritio Fior. quicum ob egregiam virtutem apud Ludovicum Gallie Regem summa cum gratia et authoritate diu floruisset ab eamque tum equestri S. Michaelis Ordine tum Normandie Prefettura ornatus est, Amplissimj Republice memeribus in Patria finito hoc sepulcro a se extructo conditus est anno 1520." [Arch, di stato, Sepoltuario Roscelli, Vol. II, c. 123 1.] Bibl. : C, s.v. Lorini Sernigi;*Cr., 351 ; P., 412-414; W., 174. 278 STEMMA OF (1) LEO X, (2) BARTOLOMMEO BUONDEL- MONTI(?) AND (3) JACOPO SALVIATI. 1515. Baltimore, Collection of Mr. Henry Walters. Photo., Private. On the predella of an altarpiece which represents the Temptation of Adam and which commemorates the triumphal entry of Leo X into Flor ence in 1 51 5, are three stemmi (Fig. 200), (1) The central one is that of the Pope, Leo X. The papal tiara and the crossed keys or and argent are set above a Tuscan shield bearing the Medici arms : Or, five torteaux in orle, in chief a hurt. (2) The dexter arms, also on a Tuscan shield are: Fig. 200. Buondelmonti, Leo X, and Salviati Arms. ROBBIA HERALDRY 219 Azure, a mount of six tops or, surmounted by a cross gules. In spite of the tinctures, which differ from those given by CroUalanza, we take this to be the stemma of Bartolommeo di Rosso Buondelmonti, who married Alessandra Pazzi, a daughter of Bianca di Piero dei Medici. Bartolommeo was the donor in 1489 of a lunette by Andrea della Robbia now in the Museo dell' Opera del Duomo, and probably with Jacopo Salviati the donor of a lunette by Giovanni della Robbia at S. Giovanni in Valdarno. (3) The sinister end of the predella exhibits a similar shield bearing the Sal viati arms : Argent, three bends bretisse gules; in chief the label of Leo X, i.e. a hurt between the letters L and X. It would seem probable that the member of the Salviati family here indicated was Jacopo Salviati, whose wife Lucretia de' Medici was the Pope's sister. Jacopo's son Gio vanni on June 26, 151 7 was made a Cardinal by Leo X. It may be recalled that in 1474 and 1475 Antonio di Lorenzo Buondel monti was Vicario at S. Giovanni in Valdarno, and that in 1484 Bernardo di Marco Salviati held that office in the same town. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Buondelmonti, Salviati; Lelong, Cat., 31; Litta, II, s.v. Buon delmonti, Tav. II; M., D. R. A., -111-116, Fig. 45; P., 827-828. 279 EMBLEM OF THE MEDICI AND BARTOLINI SALIMBENI FAMILIES, c. 151 5. Dicomano, Casa Bartolini Salimbeni Viyai. Photo., Private. The large, or courtyard, stemmi of which in the XV century several were made by Luca della Robbia, seem to have been less in fashion in the XVI century. A fine example, however, may be seen at Dicomano (Fig. 201) set into a wall where it is surrounded by a painted imitation of a wreath. The original garland fell to the lot of the Marchese Torrigiani, in whose palaz zo in Florence it still exists. The central medallion shows a combination of the emblems of the Medici and Bartolini Salimbeni families against a plain field. Here are the three Medici feathers, white, red and green, the Medici diamond ring, and motto SEMP(ER), and the Bartolini Salimbeni poppies with the motto P(ER) NON DORMIRE. It seems not unlikely that the medallion commemo rates the marriage of Bartolommeo di Andrea de'Medici and Alessandra di Leonardo Bartolini Salimbeni. Bartolommeo, known as II Mucchio, served under the Grand-duke Cosi1 mo I, became Capitano at Arezzo and later at Pisa, and died in 1555. Ales- sandra's father was Gonfaloniere at Florence in 15 16, her brother Com- 220 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 201. Bartolini Salimbeni insignia. missario at Castiglione-Fiorentino in 1494. Another intermarriage be tween these families took place when Giovenco di Giuliano de'Medici mar ried Giovanna di Stefano Bartolini. Giovenco was Vicario at Pieve San Stefano in 1506. The garland, (Fig. 202) in each of the six sections of which are found the seed pods of poppies, is unusually decorative and well modelled for a Robbia work of the later period. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Bartolini, Salimbeni, Medici; Litta, VI, s.v. Medici, Tav. V, XVII; P., 531-533- 280 EMBLEM OF A COMPAGNIA. c 1515. London, Victoria and Albert Museum, No. 45-'82. Photo., Private. On a small lunette gules are set two keys, or and argent, in saltire, above which in clouds a figure of the Precursor, pointing and holding a cross. Possibly the emblem for a Compagnia founded. by the Pope and dedi cated to S. Giovanni Battista. Bibl. : C-M., 270 No. 405. ROBBIA HERALDRY 221 Fig. 202. Garland for the preceding. 281 STEMMA OF CANAFFO D'ANTONIO ATTAVANTI. 1516. Radda, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. On a rectangular frame surrounded by an egg and dart moulding a kite shaped shield (Fig. 203) bears the Atavanti arms: Azure, a S. Andrew's cross or. i : CHANAPFC* D ANTONIO ¦{ [l&TAVy Fig. 203. Canaffo Attavanti. Below, on a rectangular tablet is inscribed : CHANAFFO ? DANTONIO ? ATAVANTI ? P(ODEST)A+ 1516 + 222 ROBBIA HERALDRY Several members of this family were Priors of Florence during the fif teenth century. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Attavanti; P., 753-754; W., 126. 282 STEMMA OF THE BONSOSTEGNI FAMILY, c 1516. Per ugia, Museo del'Universita, No. 365. Within a rectangular frame with yellow egg and dart moulding is a green garland set against a blue ground on which is a kite shaped shield bearing the Bonsostegni arms : Or, two bars, gules. Robbia School. 283 STEMMA OF ANDREA DI GIULIANO PARTICINI. 15 16. Pieve San Stefano. Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit and flowers and an inner egg and dart mould ing, against a fluted disk is set a decorated Tuscan shield (Fig. 204) bear- Fig. 204. Andrea Particini ing the Particini arms: Per pale, dexter Azure, three fleurs-de-lys or; sinister, bendy sinister of three argent and gules. Below, on a curved scroll upheld by two hands is inscribed : J ANDREA DI GI VLIANO DI PA RTICINO PATI cini y v(icari)o y m-d-xvi ? Andrea di Giuliano di Particino Particini was a Prior of Florence in 1476, and Vicario at Poppi in 1526. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : P-> 738. ROBBIA HERALDRY 284 STEMMA OF NICCOLO DI PIERO PAZZI. in Valdarno. Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. 1516. 223 S. Giovanni Within a wreath of fruit, flowers, beans (on which may be seen a frog and a lizard), and an inner egg and dart moulding, set against a white fluted disk is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 205) bearing the Pazzi arms: Azure, . •" 1 1 i 2 Vi Vniioiolo-i-jTmI- yPIFRODl/AE-S j ANQREA-DEH\Z23 IV-MEKV -1 AM)XVI; Fig. 205. Niccolo de Pazzi. two dolphins hauriant, embowed, addorsed or and four crosses botonny, fitched, of the same. Below is a horizontal scroll inscribed : * NICHOLO *DI ME S ( SER) PIERO y DIMES ( SER) ANDREA y DE PAZZ I V(ICARI)0 y MDXV E MDXVI Niccolo di Messer Piero di Messer Andrea dei Pazzi was born in 1462, imprisoned at Volterra in 1478, released in 1480, made a Commissario in the Vai di Sieve and in the Casentino, a Prior in Florence in 1509, Consul of the Mint in 15 10, Vicario in S. Giovanni in Valdarno in 15 16, Capitano at Pistoia in 15 17, and died in 15 19. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Pazzi; Litta, s.v. Pazzi, Tav. 8; P., 146-147; W., 162-164. 285 STEMMA OF NICCOLO AVERARDI DA FILICAIA. 15 17. San Giovanni in Valdarno. Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 9846. Within a wreath of fruit, flowers, and wheat of continuous, semi-regular composition and a motion from the base in both directions toward the top, 224 ROBBIA HERALDRY is an egg and dart moulding surrounding a blue fluted disk on which is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 206) bearing the Filicaia arms : Or, three chev ronels gules. xRO.MAGTXE.)CP^ J J\XV"? ;" Fig. 206. Niccolo Filicaia. Below, a winged cherub upholds a slightly curved scroll inscribed: ¦NICCOLA- AVERA RDI- DE FILICARIA- P RO- MAG(NIFI)CO- ET EX(CEL)SO- PO PVLO- FLOR(ENTI)NO- VICA(RI)0- S(ANC)TI. IO(ANNI)- PRO- SEMESTRI- INCEPTI- DIE- XXVIIII DECE(M)BRIS M-D-XV-II Niccolo d'Averardo d' Alessandro da Filicaia became a Prior of Flor ence in 1 5 19. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Filicaia; P., 116-119; W., 140. ROBBIA HERALDRY 225 286 STEMMA OF BATTISTA BARTOLOMMEO DE'BENUCCI. 15 1 7. Prague, Rudolfinum. Within a fruit garland is set a Tuscan shield bearing the Benucci arms : Quarterly, (1) and (4) argent, (2) and (3) asure, a star or. Around the shield is inscribed: •BAPTISTE- BA(R)TOLOMEI- DE BENVCCIS- ET- SVO MCCCCCXVII CroUalanza gives the Benucci arms as : Or, an increscent purpure. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Benucci; Selliere Sale of 1890, Cat. 15, no. 13. 287 STEMMA OF THE CANIGIANI FAMILY WITH TABLET OF FRANCESCO DI AGOSTINO BILIOTTI. 151 7. Pieve San Ste fano, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath of chiefly triplex bunches of fruit and flow ers, set against a flat disk is a lily-capped beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 207) bearing the Canigiani arms : Argent, a crescent asure, accompanied in chief by a label gules. Fig. 207. Canigiani Arms. Below, on a curved scroll upheld by two hands is inscribed : y FRANCESC O DAGOSTINO BILIOTTI V(ICARI)0 15 17 The Biliotti arms according to CroUalanza, are Gules, in a chief argent a wolf passant of the first, According to the Princeton Priorista the Biliotti arms are : Asure, a cross or. Apparently by some error the Canig iani arms and Biliotti tablet are here brought together. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Biliotti, Canigiani; P., 10, 422. 226 ROBBIA HERALDRY 288 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI D' ANDRE A DI BONO BONI. 15 17. Pieve San Stefano, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath, irregularly composed of fruit and flowers, and an inner egg and dart moulding, set against a fluted disk is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 208) bearing the Boni arms : Party per pale, gules and asure, a lion argent, charged with the Croce del Popolo. Fig. 208. Giovanni Boni. Below, on a curved scroll upheld by two hands, is inscribed : GIOVANNI- DAN DREA- DI BONO- BONI- V(ICARI)0- 1516 E' 1517- Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Boni, P., 829; W., 130. 289 STEMMA OF MESSER LIONARDO DI GIOVANNI BUONA FEDE. c. 1 517. Badia Tedalda, S. Michele. Photo., Private. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Madonna enthroned with Saints is a kite shaped shield bearing the stemma of Messer Lionardo di Giovanni Buonafede: Or, on a mount of six tops vert a bull salient gules. Over the shield is a Bishop's mitre. Messer Lionardo Buonafede, the Administrator of the Hospital of S. Maria Nuova, Florence, was a benefactor of the Badia at Tedalda. He also presented fonts and other objects of Robbia ware for the church at Galatrona (1518), S. Piero a Sieve, and elsewhere. By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C-M., 225, No. 123; M., A. I. A. XXII (i9i8),3io-3i4 (Doc) ; P., 369; Repetti, s.v. Badia Tedalda. ROBBIA HERALDRY 227 290 STEMMA OF MESSER LIONARDO DI GIOVANNI BUONA FEDE. c 1517. New York City, Bardini Sale of 1918. In the Bardini sale of 1918 was an empty tabernacle frame, the console of which contained a kite shaped shield (Fig. 209) from which sprang floral scrolls. The shield bore the Buonafede arms: Or, on a mount of six tops vert a bull salient gules. The Bishop's mitre above the shield indicates the ecclesiastical standing of the donor, who no doubt was Lionardo di Giovanni Buonafede, admin istrator of the Hospital of S. Maria Nuova. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1918, Cat, 378; P., 369. 291 STEMMA OF MESSER LIONARDO DI GIOVANNI BUONA FEDE. c. 1517. Rome, Sangiorgi Gallery (formerly). Photo., from Sangiorgi Catalogue. Formerly at Gagliardi's, Florence, and in 1905 in the Sangiorgi Gallery, Rome, was a round headed altarpiece of the Nativity. At either end of the predella is a Tuscan shield, bearing the arms of Messer Lionardo di Giovanni Buonafede : Or, a mount of six summits vert, surmounted by a bull salient gules. Above the shield is a Bishop's mitre. On the predella is also displayed S. Lionardo, his patronymic saint, and S. Benedetto, the saint of the order of the Fratres Cassinenses to which he belonged. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Cat. Galerie Sangiorgi; P., 369. 292 STEMMA OF MESSER LIONARDO DI GIOVANNI BUONA FEDE. 15 18. Galatrona (near Montevarchi), S. Giovanni Battista. Photo., Alinari, 9855-9857. Peleo Bacci has published documents showing that Giovanni della Rob bia and his son Marco received payments from April ioth, 15 10, to April 30th, 1521, for a font (Fig. 210) and other objects ordered by Messer Lionardo di Giovanni Buonafede. 1. The font (15 18) at each angle of its upper frieze, bears on a tourna ment shield the arms of the Buonafede family: Or, a mount six tops 228 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 209. Lionardo Buonafede. ROBBIA HERALDRY 229 vert surmounted by a bull salient gules. Above the shield is a Bishop's mitre (Alinari 9855-9856). 2. The ciborium also bears Buonafede's arms on a tournament shield (Alinari, 9858). 3. The frame which now surrounds the statue of S. Giovanni Battista, IS j'Mk WA t W tin W " \ -¦ I :-, ¦- fc2S£* i - . Fig. 210. Lionardo Buonafede. on the entablatures of the pilasters also bears his coat of arms (Alinari, 9857). The frame seems formerly to have been that of an altarpiece. 4. In the vault of the Cappella Maggiore also the stemma of Messer Buonafede is displayed in a medallion surrounded by a garland of fruit and flowers. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Bacci, ///. Fior., 1908, 144-149, (Doc); C-M., 233 No. 182; Cr., 232; M., Sc. Mag., 1893, 692-697. 230 ROBBIA HERALDRY 293 STEMMA OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, c 1518. S. Piero a Sieve, Pieve, S. Piero. Photo., Alinari, 9859. At the angles of the entablature of the font, which is a replica of that at Galatrona, are rectangles containing Tuscan shields (Fig. 211) bearing the Medici arms : Or, five torteaux, two, two, and one, accompanied in chief by apalla showing the Croce del Popolo (argent, a cross gules). The Fig. 211. Medici Arms. Medici family owned a tower in the vicinity and at one time enjoyed the exclusive patronage of the church. Possibly the individual donor here in dicated was Giovanni delle Bande Nere (1498-1526). The font may be assigned to the year 15 18. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 252 No. 302; C, s.v. Medici; Litta, VI, s.v. Medici; Repetti, V, 108; Young, II, 214-229. ROBBIA HERALDRY 231 294 STEMMA OF THE MANETTI FAMILY WITH THE TAB LET OF TOMMASO DI SCOLAIO CIACCHI. 15 18. Pieve San Stefano, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of fruit and flowers composed chiefly in triplex bunches, set against a flat plate is an ornamented beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 212) bearing the Manetti arms: Argent, a bend asure charged with three moons in crescent bendwise or. Below, on a rectangular frame is inscribed : y TOMASO DI SC HOLAIO CIAC HI VICHARIO MDXVIII + "»- Here the arms of Bernardo di Filippo Manetti, Capitano at Borgo S. Sepolcro in 1503, are placed above a tablet recording the Vicariate of Tom maso Ciacchi. The arms of the Ciacchi family are quite different. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Ciacchi, Manetti; P., 648, 442; W., 135, 151. Fig. 212. Bernardo Manetti Arms. Fig. 213. Tommaso Gualterotti. 295 STEMMA OF TOMMASO DI LORENZO GUALTEROTTI. 1 518. Pieve San Stefano, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath of chiefly triplex bunches of fruit and flow ers surrounded by an egg and dart moulding is a fluted disk containing a Tuscan shield (Fig. 213) bearing the Gualterotti arms : Per bend indented, azure and or. Below, on a curved scroll, is inscribed : TOMASO • DI LORENZO • GHALTEROTTI • V(ICARI)0- 1517 E 1518- Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Gualterotti; W., 147. 232 ROBBIA HERALDRY / 296 STEMMA OF LUIGI DI FRANCESCO PIERI. 15 18. Radda, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Frame missing. A Tuscan shield (Fig. 214) bears the Fieri arms: Argent, a bend or and bend sinister azure in saltire, in chief a label of Anjou, gules. Fig. 214. Luigi Pieri. On a rectangular tablet is inscribed : LVVIGI y DIFRA NCESCHO y PIERI PO(DEST)A TM^DJ XVIII Luigi's father, Francesco di Giovanni di Piero Pieri-Scodellari, was a Prior of Florence in 1473. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Pieri Scodellari; P., 749-750. 297 EMBLEMS OF LEO X. c. 1518. Rome, Loggia of the Vatican (formerly), Sala Borgia. Photo., Private. The pavement which Vasari describes as made by Luca di Andrea della Robbia for Leo X after the designs of Raphael has now disappeared though some fragments are preserved. A drawing made by Francesco La' Vega in 1742 (Fig. 215) shows: (1) the name Leo X M(EDICES) PO(NTIFEX) M(AXIMVS); (2) the three Medici feathers, the diamond ring, and the motto SEMPER. (3) The yoke and the motto SVAVE EST. A few tiles with Medici emblems are preserved in the Sala Borgia. Payments were made to Luca di Andrea della Robbia and to "frate de la Robbia," without doubt Fra Mattia, in August and September, 15 18. By Luca di Andrea della Robbia. ROBBIA HERALDRY 233 Bibl. Gnoli, A. S. A., IV (1891), 125, 126; M., Sc. Mag., 1893, 698; Brickbuilder, 1902; 99; Miintz, Raphael, 452, note i(Doc) : Perodi, 106-107, Tav. 50; Tesorone, 3-48; Figs. 1-4; Vas., II, 182. Fig. 215. Emblems of Leo X. 298 EMBLEMS OF LEO X. c 15 18. Rome, S. Silvestro al Quirinale, Cappella di S. Caterina. Photo., Private. The pavement before the altar is composed of Robbia tiles, which may have been transferred from the Vatican. The patterns consist almost ex clusively of Medici emblems, such as the three feathers, red, white and green (Fig. 216), diamonds separate or in intertwined rings, and disks or palle. By Luca di Andrea della Robbia. 234 ROBBIA HERALDRY Bibl. Erculei, A. I. D. I., VI (1897), 46; Gnoli, N. Antologia, 1888; A. S. A., IV (1891), 125-126; M., Brickbuilder, 1902, 98-101 ; Tesorone, 38. Fig. 216. Medici Emblems. 299 EMBLEMS OF LEO X. c. 1518. Rome, Museo Industriale. Photo., Private. Here may be seen various emblems. (1). A lion's mask proper framed by a Medici ring, ribbed or, with a diamond azure resting on foliage vert (Fig. 217). Background, light blue. Three Medallions. Another may be seen from a window of 36 Via dei Delfini, set in the wall of a house No. 2 on Piazza Campitelli, Rome. (2). The Medici feathers (Fig. 218), green, white and violet, with a scroll inscribed SEMPER. Background, light blue. Two medallions. (3). The Medici yoke (Fig. 219), gray green, with a scroll inscribed SVAVE framed by a green oak stem bound with yellow ribbons. Three medallions. ROBBIA HERALDRY 235 Fig. 217. Lion Mask. Fig. 218. Medici Feathers. 236 ROBBIA HERALDRY Vasari speaks of these insignia as having been made for Leo X by Luca di Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Ferrari, Ross. d'Arte, VIII (1908), 60; M., Sc. Mag., 1893, 698; Vas., II, 182. 300 EMBLEM OF THE MEDICI FAMILY, c 15 18. Florence, Museo Nazionale. In the Museo Nazionale may be seen twelve medallions, white rimmed, blue background, each with three interlocked diamond rings and three feathers. In three of the medallions the diamonds are white, in the rest blue. Robbia School. Fig. 219. Medici yoke. 301 STEMMA OF CASTELNUOVO-GARFAGNANA. c. 15 12. Castelnuovo di Garfagnana. S. Pietro. Photo., Private. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece representing S. Giuseppe and Angels is a Tuscan shield bearing the Castelnuovo arms : Or, a lion rampant gules. Abbot Lino Giannini writes to Mr. Mather that these are the arms of the Municipio of Castelnuovo. Mr. Mather adds that the same arms are borne ROBBIA HERALDRY 237 by the Cenani, Staitta, and Nobili families of Lucca, and by the Agli family of Florence. Robbia School. Bibl. : Artoni, In Garfagnana; Repetti, I, 570. 302 STEMMA OF RAFFAELLO DI FRANCESCO DE'MEDICI. 1 5 19. Borgo San Sepolcro. Palazzo Tribunale. Photo., Private. Within an egg and dart moulding is a Medici ring about which twines a narrow scroll inscribed Omnia cum Mensura. The ring encloses a lily- Fig. 220. Raffaello Medici. capped Tuscan shield (Fig. 220) with bordure, sides notched, bearing the Medici arms : Or, six torteaux in orle ; about the topmost is a scroll in scribed: L. X. P. M. (Leo X Pontifex Maximus). Below, a slightly curved scroll upheld by two hands is inscribed : y RAPHAELLO DI FRANCESCO DE MEDICI- CAP(ITAN)0 ET- COM(MISSARI)0- M-DXIX Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Medici; Litta, Vi, s.v. Medici; W., 153. 303 STEMMA OF SEBASTIANO DI FILIPPO GUIDETTI. 15 19. San Giovanni in Valdarno. Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. In an egg and dart frame, set against a violet, fluted disk a Tuscan shield (Fig. 221) bears the Guidetti arms: Paly. of six argent and azure; in chief a label gules. 238 ROBBIA HERALDRY Below is a slightly curved scroll inscribed : BASTIANO ? DI FILIPPO ? GHVI DETTI ? V(ICARI)0 ? 1519 + Sebastiano di Filippo di Guidetto di Jacopo d'Alessandro Guidetti was a Prior of Florence in i486, 1496 and 1500. Atelier of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Guidetti; P., 483-484; W., 147. Fig. 221. Sebastiano Guidetti. 304 STEMMA OF LORENZO DI GIOVANNI VILLANI. 1519. Cutigliano, Palazzo Pretorio. Within a continuous wreath of fruit and flowers, surrounded by an egg and dart moulding a fluted disk supported a shield with arms now effaced, but which may be restored as the Villani arms: Or, a griffin segreant sable, crossed by a label gules, within a bordure indented of the same. Below a cherub upheld a scroll inscribed : GIOVANNI DI lACOPO VILANI CAP(ITAN)0 14- • LORENZO DI GIOVANNI 1 5 19 Giovanni di Jacopo di Giovanni di Villani di Stoldo Villani was a Prior of Florence in 1458 and i486. Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Villani-Stoldi ; P., 312; W., 184. ROBBIA HERALDRY 239 305 STEMMA OF BARTOLOMMEO DI NICCOLO DEL TROSCIA. 1520. Buggiano Alto, Castello. Photo., Private. Within a medallion (Fig. 222) framed with an outer egg and dart moulding, a garland of dark pine cones alternating with light coloured pomegranates and quinces, and an inner cord moulding, set against a blue background are two lightly draped putti supporting a Tuscan shield, per haps the earliest with indented apices, bearing the del Troscia arms : Fig. 222. Bartolommeo Troscia. Gules, three circlets argent, two and one, between the upper two a shieldlet argent blazoned with a bull segreant, crowned with a crosslet gules; in a chief or a lion passant azure. Below is a cherub head supporting a tabella ansata inscribed : BARTHOLOMEVS A TR OSCIVS A NICOLAI A FIL IVS A P(OTES)TAS A MADXIX A (E)T XX By Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : Cr., 335 5 P-, 788-789. 306 STEMMA OF AVERARDO SALVIATI. 1520. Prato, S. Nic colo a Tolentino. Photo., Alinari, 10073. 240 ROBBIA HERALDRY Immediately above the vase and basin of the lavabo is a wreath of fruit and wheat flanked by fluttering yellow ribbons and enclosing a semi-Tus can shield (Fig. 223) on which are displayed the Salviati arms: Argent, bendy bretisse gules. As in the arms of Bernardo Salviati at S. Giovanni in Valdarno (1484) and on those of Jacopo Salviati in the Walters Col lection in Baltimore (151 5) there are three bends, whereas in the stemma in the Mortimer Collection at Roslyn, there are two only. The individual Fig. 223. Averardo Salviati. ROBBIA HERALDRY 241 donor of the lavabo at Prato is known from the inscriptions on the pil asters : AVERARDVS- ALAMANNI- DE SALVIATIS- FIERI- FECIT- ANNO- 1520- By Santi Buglioni. Bibl. : Carotti, A. S. A., IV (1891), 112-116; Corradini, 47; C, s.v. Salvi ati (gives arms Gules, three bends nebuly argent) ; Giglioli, a Prato, 58-59; R, D. R., 235-238; Sc. Ft., IV, 53, SS; W., 172-173- 307 STEMMA OF THE SCALI AND OF THE BENINI FAMILIES. c. 1520. Empoli, S. Maria a Ripa. Photo., Alinari, 10132. At either end of the altarpiece of the Madonna enthroned with Saints are late Tuscan shields (Fig. 224). The dexter shield is Azure, a ladder argent, probably the arms of some branch of the Scali family. The stemma of Antonio Scali was set up at Borgo San Sepolcro in 1501, and at Scar peria in 1507. The sinister shield is Argent, two chains in saltire gules. According to Giglioli these are the arms of the Benini-Formiche family, who with the Scali family were patrons of the altarpiece and of the chapel. Mr. Rufus G. Mather writes : "The only families which I can find which answer, are for the former Guidoni da Castelfiorentino (as per Rosselli's Sepoltuario) and for the latter Benini da Tignano (as per Priorista Ri dolfi). There was however no alliance between the families." By Santi Buglioni. Bibl. : Carocci, 77 Valdarno, 81-82; C-M., 354 No. 317; C, s.v. Scali; Gigli oli, Empoli, 174. 308 STEMMA OF THE TROTTI AND OF THE DAVANZATI FAMILIES, c 1520. Prague (formerly), Lanna Collection, no. 473. Photo., Catalogue. On the predella of the Pieta altarpiece, no. 473 in the von Lanna collec tion sold in 1909, are two stemmi displayed on semi Tuscan shields. The dexter arms : Per fess, or and azure, appear to be those of some member of the Trotti family. The sinister arms : Azure, a lion rampant or, are those of the Davanzati or Bellandi family. By Benedetto Buglioni. 242 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 224. Scali and Formiche Arms. Bibl. : von Lanna Sale of 1909, Cat., no. 473, Taf. 39; C, s.v. Trotti, Dav anzati, Bellandi; P., 267-269. 309 STEMMA OF MONA FRANCESCA, WIFE OF MICHELE BOTTIGLI. 1520. Florence, Gallery of the Innocenti Hospital. Photo. Brogi, 1371. On the predella of the altarpiece representing the Madonna enthroned with Saints are two medallions, the painted arms on which are now obliter ated. The dexter medallion probably contained the insignia of Mona Fran cesca and the sinister those of her quondam husband Michele Bottigli. The central tablet on the predella is inscribed : ROBBIA HERALDRY QVESTO- TABERNACHOLO ¦ A FATTO FARE- MONA FRANCESCHA- DON(N)A- FV- DI MICHELE- BOTTIGLI- LAN(N)0- 1520 By Benedetto Buglioni. 243 Bibl. : Cr., 348 (s.v. Montanino) ; M., D. R. A., 167, Fig. 68. 310 STEMMA OF AMERIGO DI MESSER LUCA PITTI. 1520. Scarperia, Palazzo del Vicariato. Photo., Private. A wreath consisting of eight triplex bunches of fruit and flowers, bound by small, almost invisible ribbons, terminated by an exterior leaf moulding and an inner egg and dart moulding, surrounds a blue fluted disk on which is set a Tuscan shield (Fig. 225) bearing the Pitti arms: Barry nebuly Fig. 225. Amerigo Pitti. sable and argent; in centre, a cross couped ; in chief, a label of four points, gules. Below, a putto unfolds a horizontal scroll inscribed : AMERIGHO ? MESSER LUCA ? PITTI + V(ICARI)0 1520 ? 244 ROBBIA HERALDRY Amerigo di Messer Luca di Buonaccorso Pitti was Prior of Florence in 1 513 and Gonfaloniere in 15 17. Atelier of Benedetto Buglioni. Bibl. : C, s.v. Pitti; P., 54-57; W., 165. 311 STEMMA OF THE OPERA OF THE CHURCH S. MARCO IN CALCESANA. 1520. Pisa, Camposanto. Photo., Alinari, 8618. On August 18, 1518, a commission was given to Giovanni della Robbia for an altarpiece to be completed by the fifteenth of March, 15 19, for the church of S. Marco in Calcesana near Pisa. On behalf of the church it was signed by the Operarius Agostino Urbani. The altarpiece is now in the Camposanto at Pisa. On the pilasters are two medallions inscribed : (1). TE(M)PORE P(RE)SBITERI FRANCISCI M-D-XX (2). AVGVSTINI VRBANI OP(ER)ARII The contract, still preserved, gives the name of the priest as Francesco di Pierantonio of Pontadera and that of the operarius as Agostino di Gher ardo Urbani of Pisa. The Opera, or Vestry, of the church, represented in the contract by Agostino Urbani, was represented on the altarpiece by the sign: OPE(RA) which is inscribed on the Tuscan shield at either end of the predella. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 130, 194-19S (Doc), 242 No. 229; Cr., 237-238, 312-313 (Doc.) ; R, D. R., 245-246; Sc. FI, IV, 57, 59- 312 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI FILIPPO MAGALOTTI AND OF CASSANDRA RINUCCINI. c 1520. Florence, Museo Nazionale, No. 77. Photos., Alinari, 2779; Brogi, 9502. On the console of a ciborio, No. 77 in the Museo Nazionale, is a wreath of fruit enclosing a Tuscan shield (Fig. 226) bearing the combined arms of the (dexter) Magalotti and (sinister) Rinuccini families. The Maga lotti arms are: Barry, sable and or, in chief gules LIBERTA(S) or. The Rinuccini arms are: Argent, a bend fusilly azure, in chief a label gules. This is evidently an index, not necessarily contemporaneous, of the mar riage of Giovanni di Filippo Magalotti and Cassandra di Giuliano Maria di Jacopo Rinuccini, which took place October 15, 1505. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. ROBBIA HERALDRY 245 ^^msm^m^^^sMM Fig. 226. Magalotti and Rinuccini Arms. Document : "1504. Gio. Filippo de SSrl Cassandra di Giuliano Ma(i.e. Maria) di Jac Rinuccini." [Arch, di Stato. Carte Pucci, sec. XVIII, Fam. Magalotti] . Bibl. : C, s.v. Magalotti, Rinuccini; Del Migliore, Ms. 570; Fondo Barberino, Cod. Lat. 2672, sec. XVII, Famigliae Florentinae alphabetico ordine dis- positae, p. 119. Copied from Gabella de Contratti. Libro B 157. 76; Pucci, Fam. Magalotti (Carte Pucci in Arch, di Stato, Florence) ; Rosselli, Sepoltuario, I. c. 586 ; Supino, 453 no. 77. 246 ROBBIA HERALDRY 313 STEMMA OF THE GINORI FAMILY, c. 1520. Florence, Museo Nazionale (not on exhibition). Photo., Private. In the magazzino of the Museum is preserved a ciborio of the same type as the Magalotti ciborio. In the console, between two cornucopias, is a wreath of fruit enclosing a Tuscan shield (head indented) bearing the Ginori arms: Asure, a bend or, charged with three stars of eight points of the first. The individual may have been Alessandro di Gino di Giuliano Ginori, who was a Prior in Florence in 1488 and 1501, and Vicario and Commis sario at Castiglione-Fiorentino in 1507. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Ginori; P., 460-461. 314 STEMMA OF THE PEPI( ?) OR VANNELLI AND RISALITI FAMILIES, c. 1520. Fontisterni, S. Lorenzo. Below the console of a ciborio is a Tuscan shield bearing the joint arms of the Pepi(?) or Vannelli and Risaliti families. The dexter arms are: Gules a pale argent, in chief azure a label of Anjou. The sinister arms : Azure, two lion's paws erased per saltire argent, are those of the Risaliti family. The dexter arms are doubtfully assigned by del Migliore to the Pepi family and by Mr. R. G. Mather to the Vannelli family, although Mr. Mather was unable to find a marriage of a member of either family with a Risaliti. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Document : "In San Lorenzo a fontisterni in Valdarno patronata de Monaci Valombrosiani Nel tabernacolo lo accanto all' altari Magg" dove stava il Santiss"10 ornato della terra invetriata della Robbia vi e q(ues)ta arme. (Illustration with tinctures as above. On the dexter sides is written Credo de Pepi; on the sinister Risaliti.) [Z. del Migliore, Cod. Cart. Sec. XVII, segnato Bibl. Magliab. Classe XXV; Cod. 408, c. 106.] Bibl. : C, s.v. Pepi, Risaliti; P., 324-326; W., 167. ROBBIA HERALDRY 247 315 STEMMA OF THE ALTOVITI FAMILY, c 1520. Olmeto (near Rignano), S. Niccolo. On the console of a ciborio within an olive wreath are the Altoviti arms : Sable, a wolf rampant argent, armed and langued gules. Many of the Altoviti family held high office in Florence during the XIV, XV and XVI centuries. Possibly the individual here indicated was Francesco di Gugli elmo di Bardo Altoviti whose arms in Robbia ware occur at Lari in 1524 and at Certaldo in 1525. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Altoviti; P., 16-22; W., 125. 316 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI GIULIANO DE'MEDICI. 1520. Radda, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. On a rectangular frame, plainly moulded, is set a Medici diamond ring ^cm.r< 'ii'h^i • NO-DiGIO'vV'; Fig. 227. Giovanni de' Medici. enclosing a Tuscan shield (Fig. 227) bearing the Medici arms: Or, six torteaux in orle. Below, on a rectangular tablet is inscribed : GIOVANNI- DI GIVLIA NO- DI GIOVENCHO DE MEDICT P(ODEST)A- 1520 Robbia School. Bibl. : C, s.v. Medici; Litta, VI, s.v. Medici; W., 153. 317 STEMMA NOT DETERMINED, c. 1520. Florence, Museo Nazionale, No. 18. Photo., Alinari, 3721. 248 ROBBIA HERALDRY On the console of a relief representing the full length Madonna seated on clouds holding a Christ blessing is a kite shaped shield (Fig. 228) bear ing the arms : Azure, a lion's paw or holding a branch vert. Robbia School. Bibl. : Supino, 439 no. 18. Fig. 228. Not determined. 318 STEMMA NOT DETERMINED, c 1520. Collina, near Calen- zano, S. Lucia. Miss Cruttwell records a polychromatic stemma without specifying de tails as in S. Lucia, Collina. Possibly to be classed with the altarpiece from Calenzano, now in the Museo di S. Marco, Florence. Robbia School. Bibl. : Cr., 336. ROBBIA HERALDRY 249 319 STEMMA OF BISHOP GUGLIELMO DEI FOLCHI. 1520. Fiesole, Seminario. Photos., Alinari, 3292; Brogi, 9862. At either end of the predella and at the summit of the lunette of the altarpiece representing the Madonna enthroned with Saints, is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 229) bearing the de Folchi arms: Chequy sable and argent, a diminished fess gules from which issues an eagle argent in a chief sable. Above the shield is a Bishop's mitre. Fig. 229. Guglielmo Folchi. Beneath the Madonna is a tablet inscribed : y GVLILEMVS ? DE ? FOL CHIS ? EP(ISCOPV)S ? FESVLA(N)VS ? FIERI ? FECIT ? AN(N)0 ? D(OMI)NI + M- D XX + 250 ROBBIA HERALDRY The altarpiece was originally in the Episcopal palace at Fiesole. The same family gave another Bishop, Roberto, to Fiesole. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Folchi. 320 STEMMA OF BISHOP GUGLIELMO DEI FOLCHI. 1521. Fiesole, Duomo, Over entrance door (interior). In a wreath of continuous, irregularly composed fruit and flowers, on a Tuscan shield set on a blue fluted disk is the stemma of Bishop Guglielmo dei Folchi : Chequy sable and argent, a diminished fess gules, from which in a chief sable issues an eagle argent. The heralds give the tinctures var iously. Thus CroUalanza gives chequy argent and asure, the Priorista Ridolfi gives the eagle issuant sable on a chief or. It was originally in the Castello or Palazzo Episcopale, but now is set above the statue of S. Romolo in the cathedral. Below that statue is a rectangular tablet, originally connected with the stemma, inscribed : y TEMPORE ? R(EVEREN)DI ? EP(ISCOP)I ? FESVLANI ? GVLIELMI ? DE ? FOLCHIS + M ? D ? XXI + By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 232 No. 173; C, s.v. Folchi; Cr., 329; Vas. II, 193. 321 STEMMA DELLA POTENZA DELLA CITTA ROSSA. c 1521. Florence, Piazza S. Ambrogio. Photo., Alinari, 3697. On the console of the niche containing a statue of S. Ambrogio is a wreath containing the insignia (Fig. 230) of the Potenza della Citta Rossa: a church with campanile argent set within walls and three towers gules. In the vicinity of the church of S. Ambrogio resided the Gran Monarcha della Citta Rossa, i.e. the chief of the Potenza della Citta Rossa. These Potenze were associations organized with a view of giving festivals. Their members dressed alike, had definite insignia and held processions, which concluded in a feast. As many as fifty-nine such organizations are known to have existed during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in Florence. Their chiefs bore such titles as L'Imperatore del Prato, II Vice-Imperatore di Camaldoli, II Gran Monarcha della Citta Rossa da S. Ambrogio &c There were ten with the title II Re, ten with that of Duca, and so on. By 11629 their extravagancies led to their abolition. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Bigazzi, 13-17; Fantozzi, Guida artistica di Firenze. ROBBIA HERALDRY 251 Fig. 230. Potenza della Citta Rossa. 322 STEMMA OF THE DELLA ROVERE FAMILY, c 1521. Cor- nocchio, S. Agata. Photo., Private. On the predella of an altarpiece of the Madonna, Child and S. Giovan nino are two late Tuscan shields with apices rolled forward. The dexter shield is charged: Azure, a tree eradicated or; the sinister shield: or, an eagle displayed sable. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 253 No. 309; C, s.v. Rovere di Urbino. 252 ROBBIA HERALDRY 323 STEMMA OF FILIPPO DI TOMMASO PANICO. 1521. Flor ence, Museo Nazionale, No. 25. Photos., Alinari, 2776; Brogi, 9500. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Nativity, No. 25, is a Tuscan shield, with a divided head, bearing the Panichi arms : Gules, a griffin segreant or debruised of a bend sable. To the left of the predella is a tabella ansata inscribed: y HOC ? OPVS ? FECIT FIERE PHILIPPVS ? THOME PHILIPPI ? DE PANICHIS^ AN(N)0 D(OMI)NI MHL>XXI ; to the right another tablet is inscribed : HOC OPVS ? FECIT ? IOA(NN)ES ANDREE ? DE ? ROBIA ? AC ? APOSVIT ? HOC ? IN TEMPORE DIE ? VLTIMA^LVLII AN(N)0 D(OMI)NI ? MM>XXI + Lest we should forget, the donor had the predella also inscribed : HOC ¦ OPVS ¦ FECIT FIERI • PHILIPPVS • DICTVS THOME PANICVS and AN(N)0 MDXXT Thus we are assured that Filippo di Tommaso di Filippo Panico ordered the altarpiece and that it was made in 1521. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C-M., 123, 132-134; C, 238; Rosselli, Sepoltuario, I, 460; Supino, 441 No. 25. 324 STEMMA OF LODOVICO GIANDONATI. 1521. Pescia, Pa lazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a wreath of continuous, triplex bunches of fruit and flowers set on a blue disk is a yellow bordered, beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 231) with indented apices, bearing the Giandonati arms : Per fess, argent and gules. Fig. 231. Lodovico Giandonati. ROBBIA HERALDRY 253 Below is a cherub head supporting a tabella ansata inscribed : y LODOVICO DI LODOVICO GIANDONATI y v(icari)o y mdxx y e mdxxi Lodovico di Lodovici Giandonati had been Capitano and Commissario at Cutigliano in 1508. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Giandonati; P., 750. 325 STEMMA OF THE SESTINI FAMILY, c 1521. Bibbiena, S. Maria del Sasso. Photo., Alinari, 9774. At either end of the predella of the Ecce Homo altarpiece is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 232), with indented head, displaying the arms: Azure, a pair of open compasses or above a mount of six tops of the same. The Prior of the church writes to Mr. Mather that these are the arms of the Sestini family of Bibbiena. Although the frame of the altarpiece resembles that of the Nuccarello altarpiece (1502) in the collection of Mr. J. S. Morgan, Paris, the grot- teschi of the predella and of the types of the shields indicate a somewhat later date. By Santi Buglioni. Bibl. : Beni, 327; C-M., 255 No. 321. 326 STEMMA OF CITTA DI CASTELLO. c 1521. Citta di Castello, S. Cecilia. Photo., Alinari, 4824. In the left corner of the lunette of the Adoration of the Magi is a French shield bearing the Citta di Castello arms : Per pale, dexter argent, a cross gules; sinister gules a tower proper : a chief vert LIBERTAS or. Above all, according to Mr. Mather, is a Leo X chief, probably to commemorate a visit of that Pope to Citta. di Castello. According to Director D. Man- cini this super chief contains the arms of the Marchesi del Monte S. Maria, who held vast possessions in this district. By Santi Buglioni. Bibl.: ¦'" '7""" Amati, Diz. Cor., II, 11 18; Graziani, 153; Guardabassi, 49. 254 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 232. Sestini da Bibbiena. 327 STEMMA OF ANDREA DI TOMMASO SERTINI. 1521. Poppi, Castello, cortile. Photo., Alinari, 9791. Within a triplex braid of oak stems flaming at the joints, intertwined with fruited ivy, and an egg and dart moulding, set on a fluted disk is an oval shield (Fig. 233) bearing the Sertini arms: Gules, a bend and bend sinister in Saltire argent, angled by four stars of the second, a chief asure with label of Anjou. Below, a winged cupid unfolds a curved scroll, which terminates in spiral cones, inscribed : ANDREAS THOMASI DESERTINIS- VIC(ARI)VS- M-DXXI ROBBIA HERALDRY 255 Andrea di Tommaso di Bartolo di Tommaso di Sertino Sertini became a Prior of Florence in 1527. Robbia School, or Modern. Bibl. : P., 601; R., D. R., 278; W., 174. 328 STEMMA OF PIERO ZANOBI MARIGNOLLI. 1521. Pistoia, Palazzo Publico. Within a rectangular frame surrounded by yellow and white egg and dart moulding, set against a blue ground is a Tuscan shield bearing the Marignolli arms : Per fess embattled, sable and grey, with bordure or. Below is a rectangular tabella ansata with dark border inscribed : PIERO DI ZAN OBI- DI PIERO MARIGNIOLLIPO(DEST)A M-D-XXI Zanobio Marignolli was Prior of Florence in 1439 when John Palaeolo gus was in Florence for the Council. Atelier of Santi Buglioni. 256 ROBBIA HERALDRY Bibl. : Both CroUalanza, s.v. Marignolli, and Wills, 152, give the Marignolli arms as Or, a fess sable. 329 STEMMA OF GUIDO MAGALOTTI. 1522. Castrocaro. In the Biblioteca Chigiana, G, V. 139 a c 11 06 of Cav. F. Cesare Maga- lotti's Notizie di varie Famiglie Italiane, under the heading "Della Robbia fiorentini" are found the following statements: "15 14. Andrea facea in firenze teste di greta. Pier fr(ances)co figl(i)o. And(re)a d(ett)o riceve danari da Guido Magalotti per far certe teste di greta 1522. d(ett)o riceve denari dal med(esi)mo p(er) far la sua arme a Castrocaro." Unfortunately this stemma, executed by Pier Francesco (Fra Ambro gio) but credited to Andrea della Robbia, is no longer to be found at Castrocaro, and its whereabouts is unknown, although a careful search was made for it by Sig. Giovanni Mini, Inspector of Monuments at Cas- tracaro. The Magalotti arms are : Barry sable and or, in a chief gules the motto LIBERTAS or. Guido di Bese di Guido Magalotti was married in 1508 to Saracina di Raffaello di Messer Agnolo di Jacopo di Messer Donato Acciaiuoli. He was Capitano di Castracaro in 1522, and later Vicario di Pescia. He was a Prior in Florence in 1520, 1523 and 1524. By Fra Ambrogio della Robbia for Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : Albori di Famiglie di Firenze e di Siena. Bib. Chigiana G. VIII. 191. Cod. Carte sec. XVII; C, s.v. Magalotti; P., 66-70; W., 151. 330 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI PIERO CANIGIANI. 1522. Radda, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a rectangular, nearly square, tablet framed by an egg and dart moulding, set on a flat plate is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 234) with a pointed head, bearing the Canigiani arms: Argent, a crescent azure, in chief a label gules. Below, on a framed rectangular tablet is inscribed : y FRANCESCO DI PIERO DIDANIE LLO CHANIGANI P(ODEST)A- M-D-XXI- E- M-D ?XXII + XXIII + ^ Below this a tabella ansata bears the following inscription : y ERO CASA ? CADVCA ? ABIECTA ? E VILEM (N)IA ACCAVO ? RVINA ? ADOGI(O)VENTC) IN ? ME NO (N) ERA ? LOGGIA ? NE CORTILE MA OG(G)I ? STANZA ? PIENA ? DI SPAV(EN)TO HOR ? SVRGHO ? COME COSA ? SIGNORILE NO(N) FV ? DAL CIEL ? FAVOR ? MAI TARDO ? OLIETO PER GRATIAM ? DEST(O) ? NOBIL(E) ? GIA(N)FIGLIAZZO DI VIL ? TEGVRIO ? DIVENTO PALAZZO Jacopo di Messer Bongianni di Bongianni di Giovanni Gianfigliazzi was a Prior of Florence in 1510, 1516 and 1529, and Gonfaloniere in 1514. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, Gianfigliazzi; P., 466-469; W., 142. 334 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI CARLO PITTI. 1523. Cer taldo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 8584. Within a continuous wreath of chiefly triplex bunches of fruit and flow ers, and an inner egg and dart moulding, set on a fluted disk is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 237) bearing the Pitti arms: Barry nebuly, sable and argent. Below, a tabella ansata, with seated cherubs (on one side missing), is inscribed : *FRA(N)C(ESC)0>DI CARLO PITTI ? VIC(ARI)0 MDXXII E ? MDXXIII ? Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C.s.v. Pitti; P., 54-57; W., 165. ROBBIA HERALDRY 261 Fig. 237. Francesco Pitti. 335 STEMMA OF THE MICHELOZZI FAMILY, c 1523. Flor ence, Bardini Collection, (formerly). Photo., Private. From the Frescobaldi collection this medallion passed to the possession of Sig. Bardini. Within an irregularly composed fruit frame on unglazed disk is a late Tuscan shield (Fig. 238) bearing the Michelozzi arms: Per bend argent and gules, mounts of six tops, each surmounted by a star counterchanged. Various members of this family held high office in Florence. Fig. 238. Michelozzi Arms. Robbia School. Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1902, Cat., No. 506, Plate, no number. C, s.v. Michelozzi; P., 666-667; W., 155, gives the arms as Per bend argent and azure etc. 336 STEMMA OF THE L'ARTE DEI MEDICI E DEGLI SPEZI- ALI. 1524. Berlin, Kaiser Friedrich Museum, No. 122. Photo., Museum. 262 ROBBIA HERALDRY This medallion was secured with the Bartholdi collection in 1828. It represents the arms of the Guild of Doctors and Apothecaries, the Ma donna enthroned in a tabernacle with lilies on each side. She is clad in a violet robe with a mantle of blue lined green, is seated on a throne whose sides are adorned with sphinxes (cf. Cornocchio), is supporting on her right knee a nude Child blessing, and is protected by a maroon coloured tabernacle, which resembles that at S. Barnaba. Outside on either side are lily plants. Below is inscribed : JA*a>MM>XXIIII ME(N)SIS MAII The frame consists of an inner egg and dart moulding and an outer con tinuous garland of triplex bunches of fruit and flowers and an occasional small animal. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : B-Tsch., 45 No. 138; C-M., 262 No. 359; Cr., 333; Franceschini, 22; SchottmuUer, 52, No. 122. 337 STEMMA OF THE DOCTORS AND APOTHECARIES, c. 1524. Florence. S. Barnaba. Photos., Alinari, 3683; Brogi, 4728. Over the entrance of the church is the stemma of the Doctors and Apothe caries: the Madonna enthroned in a tabernacle. The tabernacle is rep resented by violet twisted columns with dolphin capitals supporting a stone arch. The Madonna in a violet robe and blue mantle is seated on an acanthus decorated bench, holding the Child clothed in green, standing on a cushion. The predella, constructed like that of the Magalotti ciborio, is inscribed: SVB GVBER(N)ATIO(N)E ARTIS AROMATAR(I)- OR(VM) The Aromatarii were incorporated in the Guild of Doctors and Apothe caries to whom the church of S. Barnaba belonged. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Bigazzi, 20; Richa, VII, 57; Staley, 236-273. 338 STEMMA OF GIROLAMO D' ATT A VI ANO GERINI. 1524. Borgo San Lorenzo, Municipio. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath irregularly composed of fruit and flowers set against a fluted disk was once a shield now effaced. ROBBIA HERALDRY 263 Below, on a curved scroll, is inscribed : JAL TEMPO y DI PIERO DI GERINO* GERINI JP(ODEST) A MCCCCIJE GIROLA MO y DATTAVIANO svo y nepote y m y d y x XIII y E M * D J XXIIII «S The missing arms were : Gules, three chains bendwise or, a chief of the second with a hunting horn of the first. Piero di Gerino di Dino Gerini became a Prior of Florence in 1420 and Girolamo d'Attaviano di Piero was a Prior in 1500 and 1503. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Gerini; P., 755-756; W., 141. 339 STEMMA OF RAFFAELLO DI PANDOLFO CORBINELLI. 1524. Certaldo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 8534. Within a wreath composed of triplex bunches of fruit and flowers and an inner egg and dart moulding, set against a fluted disk is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 239) bearing the Corbinelli arms : Azure, a stag salient argent. Be tween the forelegs of the stag an escutcheon gules, bearing a cross crosslet. -L-Raphasti : Fig. 239. IRaffaello Corbinelli. Below, a winged cherub unfolds a curved scroll inscribed : y RAPHAELLO DI PANDOLFO CORBINELLI VIC ( ARI) O A MADXXIIII + *~ 264 ROBBIA HERALDRY Rafaello di Pandolfo Corbinelli was a Prior of Florence in 15 15. and 1518. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Corbinelli; P., 139-142; W., 136. 340 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI DI NERI PITTI. 1524. Galluzzo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath irregularly composed of fruit and wheat, set against a flat plate is a beribboned Tuscan shield (Fig. 240) with pendent lily at its head, displaying the Pitti arms: Barry nebuly sable and argent. Below, a cherub unfolds a scroll inscribed : y GIOVANNI- DI NERI • DI • PIERA NTONIO • PITTI P(ODEST)A: MDXXIIII + Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Carocci, Galluzzo, 39; C, s.v. Pitti; P., 54-57; W., 165. ROBBIA HERALDRY 265 341 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI GUGLIELMO ALTOVITI. 1524. Lari, Castello, cortile. Photo., Alinari, 8708. Within a wreath of heavy fruit and flowers and an egg and dart mould ing, set against a blue fluted disk is a Tuscan shield bearing the Altoviti arms: Sable, a wolf rampant, argent (armed and langued gules). Below, a cherub unfolds a curved scroll inscribed : AL TEMPO DI FR ANCESCHO * DI G HVLGLIELMO * AL TOViTi y v(icari)o y m y d y x XIII E M * D * XXIIII MS Francesco di Guglielmo di Bardo di Guglielmo Altoviti became a Prior of Florence in 1524. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Altoviti; P., 16-22; W., 125. 342 STEMMA OF LORENZO DI FRANCESCO DELLA STUFA. 1524. Lari, Castello, cortile. Photos., Alinari, 8709; Noack, 62. Within a wreath of heavy, triplex, continuous bunches of fruit and flow ers, set between an inner egg and dart and an outer leaf and dart moulding, against a mottled violet disk is a Tuscan shield bearing the Della Stufa arms: Argent, two lions combatant, or (here brown), in chief a cross couped gules. Below, a cherub unrolls a slightly curved scroll inscribed : LORENZO y DI FR ANCESCHO y DI L ORENZO y DALLA STVFA y V(ICARI)0 * M y DXXIIII Lorenzo di Francesco di Lorenzo di Andrea della Stufa had been a Prior in Florence in 1513 and in 1523. His father was ambassador to Volterra in 1464 and 1478. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Lotteringhi della Stufa; P., 403-405; W., 176. Fig. 241. Niccol6 Antinori. ROBBIA HERALDRY 267 343 STEMMA OF NICCOLO DI TOMMASO ANTINORI. c 1524. Brooklyn, Museum of the Brooklyn Institute. Photo., Private. At each end of the lunette of the Resurrection is a medallion (Fig. 241) framed with an egg and dart moulding and bearing the Antinori arms: Or, a chief lozengy Of asure and of the field. This relief came from the Antinori villa at Colombali known as Le Rose, which was purchased by Niccolo Antinori in 1487. Niccolo di Tommaso di Bernardo Antinori was a Prior in Florence in 1483, 1497, I5OI> and Gonfaloniere in 1514. He is represented as a donor with folded hands in this relief. Bibl. : C, s.v. Antinori; M., D. R. A., 106-111, Fig. 44; P., 516-517; W., 126. 344 STEMMA OF NICCOLO ANTINORI. c. 1524. Florence, Villa Antinori (Le Rose). Within a polychromatic garland of fruit and flowers and an inner egg and dart moulding set against a white fluted disk are the arms of Niccolo Antinori : Or, a chief lozengy of asure and of the field. Bibl. : Same as preceding. 345 STEMMA OF THE CEPPO HOSPITAL AND OF S. MARIA NUOVA. 1525. Pistoia, Ceppo Hospital. Photos., Alinari. 10253- 10254; Brogi, 4548-4550. The Ceppo Hospital at Pistoia was an offshoot of the hospital of S. Maria Nuova, Florence. Its loggia, decorated with medallions by Gio vanni della Robbia, was contracted for in 15 12, but one of the medallions is dated 1525. On the short side to the left, also on the facade on the/ left corner, are half medallions (Fig. 242) each having a coat of arms which indicates that the Ceppo was an offshoot of S. Maria Nuova. On a kite shaped shield is painted, not modelled, the arms : Per fess, in chief argent a mount of six olive stumps proper with sprouts vert, the central stump showing two superposed crutches; in a base asure is a crutch vert with brown handle. The shield is set against a blue fluted disk which is surrounded by an egg and dart moulding and a garland of continuous, quinqueplex bunches of fruit and flowers. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : M., A. J. A., XXII (1918), 365-367; The Brickbuilder II (1902), 222 268 ROBBIA HERALDRY 346 STEMMA OF PISTOIA. 1525. Pistoia, Ceppo Hospital. tos., Alinari, 10253-10254; Brogi, 4548-4550. Pho- On the left short side of the hospital porch at the right corner, and in a similar position on the facade, are half medallions (Fig. 243) containing the stemma of Pistoia: Chequy, argent and sable. The shield is kite Fig. 242. Ospedale del Ceppo. Fug. 243. City of Pistoia. shaped, set against a blue fluted disk and surrounded by a fruit garland composed of continuous, quinqueplex bunches of fruit and flowers. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Same as preceding. 347 STEMMA OF THE CEPPO HOSPITAL OF PISTOIA. Pistoia, Ceppo Hospital. Photo., Alinari, 10276. 1525- On the fagade of the porch of the Ceppo Hospital within a wreath of continuous, quinqueplex bunches of fruit interspersed with flowers, and an inner egg and dart moulding is a frieze of Pistoia: Chequy, argent and sable, surrounding a blue fluted disk against which is set a late Tuscan shield (Fig. 244) bearing the Ceppo Hospital arms, now fully developed: Or, a mount of eleven olive stumps with sprouts proper. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Carocci, A. I. D. I., V (1896), Taf. 21 ; C-M., 243 No. 235; Cr., 247; M., A. I. A., XXII ( 1918), 365-367; The Brickbuilder, II ( 1902), 223. 348 STEMMA OF THE MEDICI FAMILY. 1525. Pistoia, Ceppo Hospital. Photo., Alinari, 10277. On the facade of the porch of the Ceppo Hospital toward the right is a medallion with the stemma of the Medici family (Fig. 245). The gar- ROBBIA HERALDRY 269 land is composed of continuous, quinqueplex bunches of fruit and flowers, amongst which is a lizard and a frog. Within it is an egg and dart mould ing and an unglazed disk, painted red with white border, against which is a late Tuscan shield with bordure and convex centre, bearing the Medici arms : Or, five torteaux in orle, in chief a hurt charged with three lilies or. Messer Buonafede, the first Spedalingo of the hospital, who in 15 12 or dered the loggia built, was a friend of the Medici. At that time, one of the Medici, Leo X, was on the Papal throne. In 1525 another, Clement VII, was Pope. Bibl. : See preceding. Fig. 245. Ospedale del Ceppo. 349 STEMMA OF BONGIANNI DI GHERARDO GIANFIGLIAZZI AND CATERINA DI PIERO ADIMARI. c. 1525. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Diam., 1.92m. Within a polychromatic frame composed of quinqueplex groups of fruit, flowers, and animalculi, and an inner white egg and dart moulding, is a white fluted shell containing a beribboned late Tuscan shield (Fig. 246) with the arms of Bongianni Gianfigliazzi and Caterina Adimari. The dexter arms are those of the Gianfigliazzi: Or, a lion rampant asure. The sinister arms are those of the Adimari family: Per fess or, (chief) 270 ROBBIA HERALDRY and asure (base). The marriage of Bongianni and Caterina took place in 1509, but this stemma appears to be of somewhat later date. By Giovanni della Robbia. Document : "Bongianni di Gherardo di Messer Bongianni Gianfigliazzi Caterina di Piero Adimari 1509." [Arch, di Stato, Carte Pucci, Sec. XVIII. Albero della Famiglia Gian figliazzi.] Bibl. : Bardini Sale of 1918, Cat, No. 374; C, s.v. Adimari, Gianfigliazzi; P., 129; 466-468; W., 124, 142. Fig. 245. Medici Arms. 350 STEMMA OF THE SEGNI FAMILY. del Castello. Photo., Alinari, 871 1. c 1525. Lari, Cappella At the base of the frame, also within a laurel wreath on the console (Fig. 247) of a relief of the Madonna and Child, are repetitions of the Segni arms: Azure, a fess or between three roses of the same, two in chief, one in base. These are blazoned on late Tuscan shields. In the courtyard of the Castello may be seen the same arms above a tablet inscribed with the name of Alessandro di Piero di Mariotto Segni, Vicario in 1524 and 1525. The shields on the small altarpiece appear to be slightly earlier in type and may indicate that it was the gift of Piero ROBBIA HERALDRY 271 Fig. 246. Gianfigliazzi and Adimari) Arms. di Mariotto Segni. Piero was Prior in Florence in 1470 and 1484, Ales sandro in 1503. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Segni; P., 488-489. 351 STEMMA OF ALESSANDRO DI PIERO SEGNI. 1525. Lari, Castello, cortile. Photo., Private. Within a rectangular frame surrounded by an egg and dart moulding is set against violet background a late Tuscan shield with indented apices and bulging centre bearing the Segni arms : Asure, a fess or with three roses of the same, two in chief, one in base. 272 ROBBIA HERALDRY Fig. 247. Segni Arms. Below, is a rectangular, framed tablet inscribed: ALES(S)ANDRO *DI PI ERO'DI MARIOT TO y SEGNI y VI(CARIO) y M J D * XXIIII > E XXV Alessandro di Piero di Mariotto di Piero di Mariotto di Francesco di Giovanni di Ser Segna Segni was a Prior of Florence in 1503. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Same as the preceding. ROBBIA HERALDRY 273 352 STEMMA OF ANTONIO DI GUGLIELMO DEI PAZZI. 1525. S. Giovanni in Valdarno. Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Unframed, on a late Tuscan shield (Fig. 248) are the Pazzi arms: Azure, two dolphins hauriant, embowed, addorsed or, and five crosses, botonny, fitched, of the same. r \j$ffi wtMl^%. I vl Ml IMPST i /TvniIt ''""' ¦ |G\/ajEMv^A« ; PAZI%v10C« Fig. 248. Antonio Pazzh Below is a rectangular tablet, framed with plain mouldings, inscribed. T ANTONIO DI GVGLIELMO DE PAZZI ? V(I)C(ARI)0 ? M*T>XXV Antonio di Guglielmo di Antonio di Messer Andrea dei Pazzi was born in 1460, became a banker in Rome, was Prior in Florence in 15 16, Gonfa loniere in 1521, Vicario at S. Giovanni in Valdarno in 1525, and died in 1528. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Pazzi; Litta, s.v. Pazzi, Tav. 9; M., L. D. R., 161 -163; P., 146-147; W., 162-164. 2?4 ROBBIA HERALDRY 353 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI GUGLIELMO ALTOVITI. 1525. Certaldo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 8534. Within a circular frame, with outer leaf and dart and inner egg and dart moulding, enclosing a frieze adorned with pairs of dolphins facing each other, alternating with pairs of griffins, white on blue, each pair separated by a violet rosette, against a fluted shell is a late Tuscan shield (Fig. 249) with bordure bearing the Altoviti arms : Sable, a wolf rampant argent. Fig. 249. Francesco Altoviti. Below, on a curved scroll is inscribed : y FRANCIESCO ? DI • GV GLELMO ? DI • BARDO • ALTOVITI- V(ICARI)0- M-D-XXV- Francesco di Guglielmo di Bardo di Guglielmo di Bardo was a Prior of Florence in this very year 1525. By Girolamo della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Altoviti; P., 16-22; W., 125. 354 STEMMA OF THE CONGREGAZIONE OLIVETANA. c 1525. Finalpia-Savona. Chiesa. Photo., Private. On the predella and wthin the console of the altarpiece of the Madonna, Child, and Giovannino, are late Tuscan shields bearing the arms : Azure, a mount of three tops argent surmounted by a cross gules and two lateral olive trees natural. D. Pierdamiani Caci writes to Mr. R. G. Mather: "Lo stemma di cui Ella mi scrive, e della Congregazione Olivetana alia quale appartenne il Cenobio di Finalpia dal 1477 (anno di fondazione) fino al 1845." School of Giovanni della Robbia. ROBBIA HERALDRY 275 355 STEMMA OF THE TOWN PIENZA. c. 1525. Asciano, S. Francesco. Photos., Alinari, 9261; Lombardi, 1519. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Madonna enthroned with Saints are late Tuscan shields bearing the following arms: Or, a lion rampant sable holding a crescent argent. Pienza was built in the XV century by Pio II, a member of the Piccolomini family. Hence the crescent in the stemma of Pienza. Robbia School. Bibl. : Bibl. Naz., Schedario Luigi Passerini, sec. XIX No. 173; Brogi, Inv., 17; C-M., 225 no. 121 ; Rossi A. S. A. VI, (1893) 10. 356 STEMMA NOT DETERMINED, c 1525. Casole (Vai d'Elsa), CoUegiata. Photo., Brogi, 13613. At either end of the predella of the Nativity and Annunciation altarpiece is a Tuscan shield bearing the arms : Or, a bend asure charged with a leaf vert and accompanied by two crossbows sable. Bibl. : Brogi, Inv., 53. 357 STEMMA OF THE COMPAGNIA DELL' ANNUNZIATA AND OF NICCOLO SPADARI. 1526. Arezzo, SS. Annunziata. Photo., Alinari, 9713. On the predella beneath the statues of the Madonna and Saints are two kite shaped shields with coats of arms. The dexter shield bears the arms of the Compagnia, containing a monogram for A(ve) M(aria), above which is a cross set upon the letter fj. The sinister shield bears the arms of Niccolo Spadari : Gules, three swords fanwise, points in base, argent; in chief a label of Anjou. The accompanying document shows that the altarpiece was ordered by Niccolo Spadari on May 22, 1526, to be paid for one half by him and one half by the Compagnia dell' Annunziata at Arezzo. Document : +yhs adj 22 dj maggio 1526 U" Tavola Otenuto el patito vesoro buono di ter(r)a dj gj(giovannj) bonuccj bart" di franc" cabonatj nic" cotta spadarj aiq(u)ali dedero autorita dj fare fare u" tavola di ter(r)a cotta a laltare dj nic* spadarj colamj 276 ROBBIA HERALDRY dj la n(ost)ra compa amano ritta e lasva ama.no macha e q(ua)l tanto che si spedara abia apagare nic° spadarj dj svo elaltra meta lan(ost)ra compa e abiano affare p(er)lan(ost)ra meta lostaziameto qsti(qvesti) 3 sop(r)a dettj hominj" [Archivio di Stato, Confraternite e Compagnie Soppresse di Arezzo, seg nato A. CLXXXVIII No. 2, c. 47-] Bibl. : C, s.v. Spadari; Cr., 331; Milanesi, Misc. 40, III, p. a c. 377; R, D. R., 257; Sc. FI, IV, 61-62. 358 STEMMA OF HIPPOLITO DI GIOVANNI BATTISTA BUON DELMONTI. Pistoia, Palazzo Pubblico. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath of fruit and flowers arranged in triplex bunches a white egg and dart moulding surrounds a yellow fluted disk on which is a Tuscan shield (Fig. 250) with pointed head bearing the Buon- fHiFpourom jQO\#$OTlSTA,m®JELMOKX\\ Fig. 250. Hippolito Buondelmonti. delmonti arms: Per fess asure (chief) and argent (base). This is the ancient as distinguished from the modern stemma of this family. Both forms occur in combination on the shield of Antonio di Lorenzo Buon delmonti at S. Giovanni in Valdarno in 1474-1475. ROBBIA HERALDRY 277 Below, a winged cherub holds a curved scroll inscribed : * HIPPOLITO- DI- GIOVA( NNI) BATISTA BVO(N) DELMONTI P(ODEST) A ¦ M • D • XXVI *»- Hippolito di Giovanni Battista di Ghino Buondelmonti was a Prior in Florence in 1509. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Buondelmonti; P., 827-828; W., 131. 359 STEMMA OF BARTOLOMMEO CAPPONI. 1526. Lari, Cas tello, cortile. Photos., Alinari, 8710; Noack, 63. Within a broad wreath containing closely set triplex bunches of fruit and flowers and an inner egg and dart moulding is a blue fluted disk, against which is a late Tuscan shield bearing the Capponi arms : Per bend sable, (chief) and argent (base). Below, a winged putto with sharply curved wings holds a curved scroll inscribed : TEMPORIS ET MVRI SAEVAS SVBITVRA RVINAS ? TRANSTVLIT IN TVTVM SIGNA BENIGNVS AMORtK QVI STRVXIT FASTV LONGE SEMOTVS AB OMNI ? NOMINE CAPPONIVS BARTHOLO MEVS ERAT& V(ICARIV)S ? MM>XXV ? E XXVI The Capponi family held many offices in Florence and elsewhere. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Capponi; W., 133. 360 STEMMA OF PARTICINO DI GIULIANO PARTICINI AND OF ANDREA DI GIULIANO PARTICINI. 1526. Poppi. Cas tello, cortile. Photo., Alinari, 9793. Cast, Cantagalli, 425 (detail). (1) Within a continuous wreath composed of triplex and quinqueplex bunches of fruit and flowers and an inner egg and dart moulding a red winged cherub supports two kite shaped shields (Fig. 251) which rest on ;78 ROBBIA HERALDRY either side of a crude lily plant against a white concave plate. Both shields bear the Particini arms : Per pale, dexter azure, two fleurs-de-lys or : sin ister, bendy sinister or and gules. Fig. 251. Particino and Andrea Particini. Below are two inscriptions : ( 1 ) On a tabella ansata bordered gules is inscribed : y ANDREA- DI GIVLIANO PARTICINI V(ICARI)0- M-D-XXVI- In place of scrolls or leaf design at the end of the date we find here the letter G (Giovanni). Below is a winged cherub. (2) A second tabella ansata is inscribed: y PARTICINO- DI GIVLIANO PAR TICINI- V(I)CARIO CCCCLXXXVIIII Andrea di Giuliano di Particini di Gieri Particini was a Prior of Flor ence in 1476. By Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : P., 738. ROBBIA HERALDRY 279 361 STEMMA OF LORENZO DI TOMMASO LAPI. 1526. Scar peria, Palazzo del Vicariato. Photo., Private. Within a continuous wreath composed chiefly of triplex bunches of fruit and flowers, and an inner egg and dart moulding, set against a fluted disk is a late Tuscan shield (Fig. 252) bearing the Lapi arms: Gules, a fess argent charged with a lion passant sable. Fig. 252. Lorenzo Lapi. Below, a winged cherub upholds a horizontal scroll inscribed : * LORENZO- DI TOMASO LAPI- V(ICARI)0- E CHOMESARIO y M • D • XXVI + *»- Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Lapi. 362 STEMMA OF MONTECASSIANO. 1527. Montecassiano, Col- legiata, S. Maria. Photo., Private. At either end of the predella of the altarpiece of the Madonna enthroned with Saints is a beribboned late Tuscan shield (Fig. 253) with biparted head and apices rolled forward, bearing the arms of Montecassiano : Ar gent, a mount of five tops sable, in chief two stars (colour?) The work was commissioned by the Commune of Montecassiano from Fra Mattia di Andrea della Robbia for the church of S. Maria in 1527. By Fra Mattia della Robbia. Fig. 253. Montecassiano. ROBBIA HERALDRY 281 Bibl. : Anselmi, A. e S., X (1891), 50; XIII (1894), 177-178 (Doc); N. Riv. Misfena, IV (1891) no. 10; VII (1894), no. 9-10; Gnoli, A. S. A., II (1889), 82-85. 363 STEMMA OF SEBASTIANO DI AMICO RICCI. 1527. Mace- rata, S. Francesco (formerly). At either end of the predella of the altarpiece representing the Corona tion of the Virgin with Saints were putti (spiritelli) "with the arms of the patron, Sebastiano di Amico di Galasso Ricci. The altarpiece was ordered on the seventh of November, 1527 of Fra Ambrogio and Fra Mattia della Robbia and completed in 1529, after the death of Fra Ambrogio. The church was demolished in 1810 at which time the altarpiece seems to have been destroyed. The Ricci arms are Asure, hedge hogs (number varies) and mullets (number varies) or. Other examples in Robbia ware are the arms of Federigo di Giovanni Ricci, dated 1496 and 1513. In the former there are ten mullets, in the latter only six. Bibl. : Anselmi, Ross. bibl. Arte ital., VII (1904), 192-196 (Doc); C, s.v. Ricci; Fabriczj, Rep. f. K., XXVIII (1905), 98; W., 168. 364 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI CARLO RUCELLAI. 1528. Borgo San Lorenzo, Municipio. Photo., Private. Within a damaged wreath of fruit and flowers is a portion of a kite shaped shield bearing the Rucellai arms : Per bend, gules in chief a lion passant or; in base, barry indented or and asure. Below, a cherub upholds a curved scroll inscribed : JFRANCESCH(O) DI CHARLO- DI FILIPPO- RVCE LARI- P(ODEST)A- M-D- XXVIII Francesco's father, Carlo di Bernardo di Piero Rucellai was a Prior of Florence in 1491, and his brother Bernardo a Prior in. 153 1. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Rucellai; P., 257-260; W., 170. 282 ROBBIA HERALDRY 365 STEMMA OF GIOVANNI D'ANTONIO GIUGNI. go San Lorenzo, Municipio. Photo., Private. 1528. Bor- Within a continuous wreath composed of chiefly triplex bunches of fruit and flowers, and an inner egg and dart moulding, set against a blue fluted disk is a late Tuscan shield bearing the Giugni arms : Gules, three wolfs paws couped argent, a chief or. Below, on a curved scroll upheld by a winged cherub is inscribed: 7 GIOVANNI- DA NTONIO- GIV GNI- P(ODEST)A- M-D- XXVII •E- MDXXVIII + Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : C, s.v. Giugni; W., 144. 366 EMBLEM OF JESUS, c. 1527. Pescia, Via Benedettini Cairoli, 23. Photo., Private. Within a square frame (Fig. 254) is a white circular band inscribed: A PESTE A EPIDEMIE A ET A INPROVIXA A MORTE A LIBERA NOS A DOMINE A Maroon spandrels at each angle. In the centre is the monogram YHS in a form not unlike that by Benedetto Buglioni, in Fig. 254. Emblem of Jesus. ROBBIA HERALDRY 283 the vault of S. Pietro dei Cassinensi, Perugia. It is surrounded by yellow rays, straight and wavy, against a blue ground. The plague referred to in the inscription may have been that of 1527, which carried away the three sons of Giovanni della Robbia. Below, a tablet with three shields contains ( 1 ) a cryptic Christian sym bol, (2) a golden lion head on blue ground, (3) the Hebrew letter fl it would seem likely that this tablet was set up by some philanthropic or ganization, like the Misericordia. Robbia School. Bibl. : Cr., 351. 367 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO DI PELLEGRINO DA CASAVEC CHIA. 1528. Scarperia, Palazzo del Vicariato. Photo., Private. Within a rectangular, nearly square, frame surrounded by a white and yellow egg and dart moulding, set on a concave plate is a late Tuscan shield (Fig. 255) with bordure and convex centre, bearing the Casavec chia arms : Asure, three fleurs-de-lys, two and one, or. Fig. 255. Francesco Casavecchia. Below, a rectangular tablet with filleted border supported by an Ionic scroll is inscribed : 7FRANC(ESC)0 DI PELLEGRINO DA CHASAVECHIA y y V(icari)0 y m y d j xxviii j 284 ROBBIA HERALDRY Pellegrino di Francesco di Banco da Casavecchia was a Prior of Flor ence in 1487 and 151 1. Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : P., 645. 368 STEMMA OF SIMONE DI MICHELE GAZETTI. 1529. Sesto, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Within a white fluted disk surrounded by a white egg and dart moulding is a mutilated Tuscan shield (Fig. 258) bearing the Gazetti arms: Or, a MDKXVmV Fig. 256. Simone Gazetti. bend asure, charged with an eight pointed star or and a crescent argent, and accompanied by two lions passant asure. Below is a scroll held open by two hands inscribed : y SIMONE DI ? MI CHELE ? GAZETTI PO(DEST)A ? M ? D ? XXVIII ? E ? M ? D ? XXVIIII + Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. : Carocci, I, 312; C-M., 248 No. 268; Cr., 355. ROBBIA HERALDRY 285 369 STEMMA OF AGNOLO DI BONAIUTO SERRAGLI. 1528. Florence, Museo Nazionale No. 35. Photo., Alinari, 2758. At either end of the altarpiece of the Madonna della Misericordia are Tuscan shields (Fig. 257) bearing the Serragli arms: Per pale barry of Fig. 257. Agnolo Serragli. six or and gules counterchanged. The predella also indicates the donor's name and the date, being inscribed : QVESTA y FECE FARE y AGNIOLO y DI BON AIVTO-» DINIC(COL)0-r S(ERR)AGLI P(ER) RIMEDIO -» DEL ANIMA SVA •» E -? DEL(L)A SVA ¦» DON(N)A -» AN(N)0 -» MDXXVIII Robbia School. Bibl. : C-M., 217 no. 71 ; C, s.v., Serragli; P., 408-409; Supino, 444 no. 35. 286 ROBBIA HERALDRY 370 STEMMA OF MESSER LIONARDO BUONAFEDE. c. 1531. Stia, Chiesa Plebana, L'Assunta. Photo., Alinari, 9806. On the console of the ciborio two winged putti serve as supporters for a beribboned late Tuscan shield (Fig. 258) on which are displayed the arms of Messer Lionardo di Giovanni Buonafede: Or, a bull salient gules on a mount of six tops vert. Above the shield is a Bishop's mitre. These '¦<¦'¦':: V- , v- k - w "M , v,~ . ¦ , \ -v\ •¦¦ -_^V ifm\.^' -.^\W 'fc^ *wjfMTm*^*isH*Mt,mXM^-in**'MW P- " •**- - W ¦»••!• «V«»»W»lN««V.I,.n.^«M«,M.>,.n. ,,.«.„. Fig. 258. Lionardo Buonafede. ROBBIA HERALDRY 28? arms have already been noted at Badia Tedalda (1517), Galatrona (15x8) S. Piero a Sieve, and at Rome. ' The frieze of this ciborio is similar in design to that of an altarpiece in the Oratorio della Madonna del Ponta at Stia which bears the date 1531 By Santi Buglioni. Bibl. : Beni, 148; Cr., 356; P., 369. 371 STEMMA OF FRANCESCO MONTEDOGLIO. 1532. La Verna, Cappella Montedoglio. Photos., Alinari, 9825a; Agostini, 576. On the predella of the altarpiece representing the Lamentation over the Dead Body of Christ, on late Tuscan shields (Fig. 259) with apices in dented, are displayed the arms of Count Francesco Montedoglio : Argent, an eagle displayed azure. Fig. 259. Francesco Montedoglio. 288 ROBBIA HERALDRY Count Francesco Montedoglio founded the Cappella Montedoglio in 1532. His wife Alessandra completed it after her husband's death* Atelier of Giovanni della Robbia. Bibl. Beni, 360; C-M., 256 No. 326; Mencherini, 70, 134-136; R., D. R., 247; Sc. FI., IV, 60. 372 STEMMA OF ANTONIO DI SIMONE NICCOLINI. 1534. Lari, Castello, cortile. Photo., Private. Within a heavy wreath of fruit and flowers divided into quadrants by white ribbons is a concave, unfluted, violet disk against which is set a late Tuscan shield, with apices bent forward, bearing the Niccolini arms : Azure, a lion rampant, guardant argent debruised of a bend gules. Here is lacking the label found in chief at S. Giovanni in Valdarno (1509). A curved scroll bears the inscription : ANTONIO DI SIMONE NICHOLINI • V(ICARI)0- M-D- XXXIV Robbia School. Bibl. C, s.v. Niccolini; P., 435-437; W., 158. 373 STEMMA OF GIROLAMO DI BERNARDO GUIDOTTI. 1535. Certaldo, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Alinari, 8534. Within a continuous wreath composed of triplex bunches of fruit and flowers, set against a flat disk is a beribboned, late Tuscan shield (Fig. Fig. 260. Girolamo Guidotti. ROBBIA HERALDRY 289 260) bearing the Guidotti arms: Quartered per saltire; chief and base argent an increscent moon gules; flanks, barry nebuly of six or and azure. Below, on a filleted rectangular tablet, is inscribed : GIROLAMO y DI BE RNARDO y DIZANOBI GVIDOTTI y VIC (ARI) o y 1534 'ETT 1535* Girolamo's father Bernardo di Zanobi Guidotti was a Prior of Florence in 1517. Robbia School. Bibl. C, s.v. Guidotti; P., 736-738. 374 STEMMA OF PIERO DI REN ATO DEI PAZZI. 1537. S.Gio vanni in Valdarno, Palazzo Pretorio. Photo., Private. Unframed. Within a late Tuscan shield (Fig. 261) bordered or, are Fig. 261. Piero Pazzi. the Pazzi arms: Azure, two dolphins, hauriant, embowed, addorsed or, and five crosses bottony, fitched, of the same. Below is a modified rectangu lar tablet, framed with plain fillet moulding and inscribed : 290 ROBBIA HERALDRY N PIERO 1 DI •» RI NATO f DE PAZI -» V(ICARI)0 -» M -» D -» XXXV f Piero di Renato di Piero di Andrea dei Pazzi was born in 1465, was Vicario at S. Giovanni in Valdarno in 1535, Podesta at Colle in 1537, and Vicario at S. Miniato al Tedesco and the lower Valdarno in 1539. Robbia School. Bibl. C, s.v. Pazzi; Litta, s.v. Pazzi, Tav. 8; M., L. D. R., 161-163; W., 162-164. 375 STEMMA OF GIANFRANCESCO DI NICCOLO BARONCEL- LI. 1537. Scarperia, Palazzo del Vicariate Photo., Private. From a complicated band at the top proceeds in both directions to base, a continuous wreath of triplex bunches of fruit and flowers. At base a transverse ribbon. Against a flat plate is set a beribboned late Tuscan shield (Fig. 262) bearing the Baroncelli arms : Bendy gules and argent. ! '! 1 < 1 *W Fig. 262. Gianfrancesco Baroncelli. On a rectangular, filleted tablet, supported by cherub head (now de stroyed), is inscribed: ROBBIA HERALDRY 291 GIOVANFRANC(ESC)0 DI NICCOLO DI BART(OLOME)0 BARONCELLI -» V(ICARI)0 1 1537 Robbia School. Bibl. C, s.v. Baroncelli; W., 27. 376 STEMMA OF NICCOLO DI BATTISTA DINI. 1538. Anghi ari, Palazzo Comunale. Photo., Private. Within a wreath almost entirely destroyed, set on a lilac disk is a be ribboned late Tuscan shield (Fig. 263) bearing the Dini arms: Per fess NlCHOLODJ^BAi VTHSTTA'DINI' 1 7 VM nSp» " V*-" |wl V;a§j|ssff ™9P_/^; yKySS, kP j5^ ^sst^. - — - ™WV/V v. ¦ ' ¦ V j £ JOT.Di LK ¦>6>£ Fig. 272. Cesare Carlini. Fig. 273. Antonio Billi. 1694 the frame has lost all character and form (Fig. 273). How remote from the mind of the designer was the semblance to a shield may be seen in Cavaliere Cosimo della Sera's decorative stemma set up at Radda in 1708 (Fig. 274). And how completely Italian traditions were abandoned by I757 may be seen in the baroque stemma set up in that year at Sesto by Joseph Antonio Biliotti (Fig. 275). In all these later coats of arms Robbia garlands have been abandoned, Robbia types of shields have disappeared, and even in the inscribed tablets ROBBIA HERALDRY 299 new types of lettering and new forms of tablets have replaced those which for so many years were employed in the Robbia school. Fig. 274. Cosimo della Sera. 391 STEMMA OF THE ARTE DE' BECCAI (Butchers). Florence, Or San Michele. Photo., Alinari, 3440. c. i860. In the early part of the year 1858 the stemmi painted on the exterior of Or San Michele of ten of the Florentine Guilds were refrescoed. As this method of representing coats of arms on the exterior of a building lacked durability, the Marchese Lorenzo Ginori offered to substitute at cost glazed terra-cotta sculptured medallions. Only one of these was exe- Fig. 275. Joseph Biliotti. 300 ROBBIA HERALDRY cuted (Fig. 276), although at Doccia may still be seen other experiments of the same kind. The garland consists of sixteen bunches of fruit and flowers, the com position of which is derived from, perhaps cast from, the stemma of the Mercanzia on the same building. The credit for this design belongs to Fig. 276. Guild of the Butchers. Luca della Robbia rather than to Professor Aristodemo Costoli, who di rected, or to Leone Innocenti, who modelled, the modern medallion. The egg and dart moulding resembles in type that of Luca's stemma of the Silk Merchants. Within is a disk asure against which is set an oval shield or charged with a goat salient sable. Two winged putti act as supporters of the shield and stand upon a cloud platform, as in the stemma of the Silk Merchants. Although the modelling of the putti is inferior to Luca's and the glaze has crackled, this medallion is a credit to the modern potter, and is much more permanent than the fresco painting which it replaced. Bibl. : Cr., 106 note; Franceschini, 107-108; Staley, 296-305. 392 STEMMA OF GABRIELE DI CAMBIO MEDICI AND OF LUCREZIA DI ALESSANDRO RONDINELLI. Modern ( ?) Lon don, Victoria and Albert Museum, No. 763Q-'6i. Photo., Museum. ROBBIA HERALDRY 301 On the console of a remarkable Madonna, generally accepted as one of the chef d'oeuvres of Andrea della Robbia but which I am inclined to con sider as modern, is an olive or laurel wreath enclosing a Tuscan shield (Fig. 277) of unusually narrow head and arms on which are, dexter, the Medici arms, and sinister, the Rondinelli arms. The Medici arms are here, Or, seven torteaux two, two, two, and one, enclosing a Croce del Popolo. This appears to be an earlier form of the Medici stemma than we should expect to find on a monument which must be assigned to a period later i^j-mt^ r~'* Fig. 277. Medici and Rondinelli. 3o2 ROBBIA HERALDRY than that of Piero de' Medici (ruled 1464-1469). He introduced the "hurt" charged with three fleurs-de-lys and reduced the torteaux to six. In Lorenzo's time (ruled 1469-1492) the number of balls consisted of one "hurt" and five torteaux. The Rondinelli arms : Or, six swallows, three two and one, proper, ap pear to be correctly blazoned. The combination of the Medici and the Rondinelli arms would not be unhistorical since a Gabriele di Cambio de'Medici in 1487 or 1488 married Lucrezia di Alessandro Rondinelli, and somewhat later a Rosso di Filippo de'Medici married Nanna di Simone Rondinelli. Not only do the forms of the shield and the blazoning of the Medici arms arouse our suspicions, but the very cornucopias which frame. the console are modelled in a way not elsewhere found in Robbia monuments. The type of the Madonna and of the Child as well as the construction of the garland are not strictly in accord with the works of Andrea della Robbia. Bibl. : B., Denkm., 83, Taf. 255; C-M., 101, 266 no. 379; C, s.v., Medici, Rondinelli; Litta, VI, Tav. 4, 7; Robinson, 63 no. 7630; S., 112, Abb. 124; Young, I, 184-185 ; Venturi, VI, 584 Fig. 390; W., 153, 169. III. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX Ill BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX i. Bibliographical Abbreviations A. e S. = Arte e Storia, Florence, 1881- A. I. D. I. = Arte italiana decorativa ed industriale, Rome- Venice- Milan, 1890- A. in A. = Art in America. New York, 1913- A. J. A. = American Journal of Archaeol ogy. Baltimore, etc., 1885- A. S. A. = Archivio storico dell' Arte. Rome, 1888-1897. Amati, Dizionario corografico-illustrato dell' Italia. 10 vols. n. d. Angelelli = Cav. Antonio Angelelli, Memo- rie storiche di Montaione in Valdelsa. Florence- Rome, 1875. Angugliaro = Marco Angugliaro, Guida di Trapani. Trapani, 1914. Anselmi, N. Riv. Misena, IV(i89i) = An- selmo Anselmi, Fra Mattia della Robbia autore dell'altare in maiolica di Monte cassiano presso Macerata, in Nuova Ri vista Misena, IV(i89i), 149-151. Anselmi, Rass. bibl. arte ital. VII (1904) = Anselmo Anselmi, Nuovi Documenti per la dimora dei Delia Robbia nelle Marche, in Rassegna bibliografica dell' arte ital iana, VII (1904), 192-196. Argnani = Federigo Argnani, Le ceramiche e maioliche faentine dalla loro origine fino al principio del secolo XVI. Faenza, 1889- L'Arte = L'Arte, gia Archivio storico dell' Arte. Rome, 1898- Bacci, 111. Fior. = Peleo Bacci, II fonte bat- testimale di Galatrona (1518), in LTllus- tratore Fiorentino V(i9o8) 144-149. Bardini, Sale of 1902 : Catalogue des Ob- jets d'art . . . provenant de la collection Bardini de Florence. Vente a Londres chez Mr. Christie le Mai 1902. Paris, 1902. Bardini, Sale of 1918 = The Stefano Bar dini Collection. Sale at New York, Apr. 23-27, 1918. Begni = Ernesto Begni, The Vatican. New York, 1914. Beni = C. Beni, Guida illustrata del Casen tino. Florence, 1889. Benigno = P. Benigno, Trapani Sacra. Bigazzi = M. Francesco Bigazzi, Inscrizioni e memorie della Citta di Firenze. Flor ence, 1886. B., Denk. = Wilhelm Bode, Denkmaler der Renaissance-Sculptur Toscanas. Text and 557 Plates. Munich, 1892-1905. B., Jahrb., VIII (1887) = Gruppe der Be- weinung Christi von Giovanni della Rob bia, in Jahrbuch der koniglich preussis- chen Kunstsammlungen, VIII (1887), 217- 226. B-Tsch. = Wilhelm Bode und Hugo von Tschudi, Beschreibung der Bildwerke der christlichen Epoche. Berlin, 1888. Boll. d'Arte = Bolletino d'Arte del Minis- tero della publica istruzione. Rome, 1907. Brockhaus = Heinrich Brockhaus, Ricer- che sopra alcuni capolavori d'arte fioren tina. Milan, 1902. Brogi, Invent. = Francesco Brogi, Inven tario generale degli oggetti d'arte della provincia di Siena. Siena. 1897. Burl. Mag. = The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. London, 1903- C. =: G. B. di CroUalanza, Dizionario stori- co-blasonico delle famiglie nobili e nota- bile italiane. 3 vols. Pisa 1886. Cahier = Charles Cahier, Characteristiques des Saints dans I'art populaire. 2 vols. Paris, 1867. Carocci = Guido Carocci, / Dintomi di Firenze. 2 vols. Florence, 1906-1907. Carocci, A. I. D. I., V(i896) = Guido Car occi, / tondi Robbiani in Toscana, in Arte italiana decorativa ed industriale, V (1896), 29-30. Tav. 21. Carocci, Boll, d'arte = Guido Carocci, II Museo di S. Marco di Firenze, in Bol letino d'arte, V(i9ii), 381, 384. Carocci, Galluzzo = Guido Carocci, II co- mune di Galluzzo, Florence, 1892. Carocci, San Casciano = Guido Carocci, // comune di San Casciano in Vai di Pesa. Florence, 1892. Carocci, Valdarno = Guido Carocci, // Val darno (Italia artistica no. 20). Bergamo 1906. Carotti, A. S. A., IV(i89i) = Giulio Carot ti, II tabernacolo con nichia per le ablu- zioni nella sagristia della chiesa di S. Niccolo da Tolentino in Prato, in Arch ivio storico dell'Arte, IV(i89i), 112-116. Ciacconius. = Alonso Chacon (or Ciaccon ius), Vitae et Res gestae Pontificum Ro- manorum et S. R. E. Cardinalium etc. 4 vols. Rome, 1630, also 1677. C-M. := Camillo Jacopo Cavallucci et Smile Molinier, Les Della Robbia. Paris, 1884. Connoisseur — The Connoisseur, London, l893-. . Corradini = Enrico Corradini, Prato e suoi dintomi. (Italia artistica, no. 12). Ber gamo, 1905. Cr. = Maude Cruttwell, Luca and Andrea della Robbia and their Successors. Lon don and New York, 1902. Deneken, Z. f. ch. K., VI (1893) = Friedrich Deneken, Thonaltar des Giovanni della Robbia, in Zeitschrift fur christliche Kunst, VI (1893), 554 Taf. 10. Erculei = Raffaele Erculei, Pavimenti di mattonelli maiolicate, in Arte italiana 306 ROBBIA HERALDRY decorativa ed industriale, VI (1897), 46. Eve = G. W. Eve, Heraldry as Art. Lon don and New York, 1907. Fabriczy, Rep. f. K, XXVIII (1905, = Cornel von Fabriczy, Ein neues Werk Fra Ambrogios und Fra Mattia della Robbia, in Repertorium fiir Kunstwis- senschaft, XXVIII (1905), 98-99. Fabriczy, Riv. d'Arte, 11(1904), 139 = Cornel de Fabriczy, Benedetto Buglioni, in Rivista d'Arte, 11(1904), 139-142. Faenza = Faenza, Bolletino del Museo In- ternazionale delle Ceramiche in Faenza. Faenza, 1913- Ferrari, Rass. d'Arte, VIII (1908) = Giulio Ferrari, Di alcuni oggetti d'arte antica nel museo artistico industriale di Rome, in Rassegna d'Arte, VIII (1908), 60. Franceschini = Pietro Franceschini, L'Ora- torio di San Michele in Orto. Florence, 1892. Galerie Sangiorgi = Catalogue des Objets d'Art Ancien pour I'Annee 1913. Venice, 1913- Gavet Sale of 1897, Cat. = Catalogue des Objets d'Art, etc., composant la collec tion de M. Smile Gavet. Vente 31 Mai au 9 Juin, 1897. Paris, 1897. Giglioli, Empoli = Odoardo H. Giglioli, Empoli artistica. Florence, 1906. Giglioli, Prato = Odoardo H. Giglioli, a Prato. Florence, 1902. Giglioli, Riv. d'Arte, VI (1909) =Odoardo H. Giglioli, Un dossale d'altare della bot- tega di Andrea della Robbia nella chiesa di S. Romolo a Bivigliano, in Rivista d'Arte, VI (1909), 45-48. Ginanni = Marc'Antonio Ginanni, L'Arie del blasone dichiarata per alfabeto. Ven ice, 1756. Gnoli, A. S. A., II(l889) = Domenico Gnoli, Fra Mattia della Robbia, in Archi vio storico dell'Arte, 11(1889), 82-85. Gnoli, A. S. A., IV (1891)= Domenico Gnoli, La Cappella di Fra Mariano del Piombo in Roma, in Archivio storico dell'Arte, IV (1891), 125-126. Gnoli, N. Antologi = Domenico Gnoli, Raf faello alia Corte di Leone X, in Nuova Antologia, 1888. Grassa-Patti = Francesco La Grassa-Patti, Opere dei Della Robbia in Sicilia, in L'Arte, VI (1903), 37-47. Graziani = Giovanni Graziani, L'Arte a Citta di Castello. Citta di Castello, 1897. Gregory, Connoisseur = Edward W. Greg ory, Earl Brownloii/s collection of Pic tures at Ashridge Park, in the Connois seur, XIII (1906), 4, 7. Guardabassi = Mariano Guardabassi, In- dice-Guida dei monumenti pagani e cristi- ani riguardanti I'istoria e I'arte esistente nella provincia dell' Umbria. Perugia, 1872. Guasti, Cafaggiolo = Gaetano Guasti, Di Cafaggiolo e d'altre fabbriche di cera miche in Toscana. Florence, 1902. 111. Fior. = L'lllustratore Fiorentino. Florence, 1880- Jahrb. = Jahrbuch der Koniglich preussis- chen Kunstsammlungen. Vols. I- Ber lin, 1880- M. Kann Cat. = Catalogue des Objets d'Art etc., provenant de la Collection Maurice Kann. Vente a Paris, Galerie Petit 5-8 Dec. 1910. Paris, 1910. von Lanna Sale of 1909, Cat. = Sammlung des freiherrn Adalbert von Lanna (Prag.), Versteigerung, Nov. 9-16, 1909. 2 vols. Berlin, 1909. Lelong, Cat. = Collections de Madame C. Lelong. 2 vols. Paris, 1903. Litta = Conte Pompeo Litta, Famiglie cele- bri d'ltalia. Milan 1819- M., A. J. A., XXII (1919), 361 = Allan Marquand, Unpublished Documents relat ing to the Ceppo Hospital at Pistoia, in American Journal of Archaeology, XXII (1919), 36i-377. M., A. J. A, XXII(i9i8), 310 = Allan Marquand, Unpublished Documents re lating to the Work of Benedetto and Santi Buglioni for Badia Tedalda, in American Journal of Archaeology, XXII (1919). 310-318. M., Brickbuilder, 11(1902), 223 = Allan Marquand, The Decoration of the Ceppo Hospital at Pistoia, in The Brickbuilder, 11(1902), 222-224. M., Brickbuilder = Allan Marquand, Rob bia Pavements, in The Brickbuilder, 1902, PP- 55-57, 98-101. M., D. R. A. = Allan Marquand, Della Robbias in America. Princeton and Ox ford, 1912. M., L. D. R. — Allan Marquand, Luca della Robbia. Princeton and Oxford, 1914. M., Sc. Mag. = Allan Marquand, A Search for Della Robbia Monuments in Italy, in Scribner's Magazine, Dec. 1893. Malagola = Carlo Malagola, Memorie storiche sulle maioliche di Faenza. Bo logna, 1880. Marcotti = J. Marcotti, Guide-Souvenir de Florence. Florence, 1892. Mazzini = Ubaldo Mazzini, Alcune opere di Benedetto Buglioni in Lunigiana. Extr. from Giornale storico e Letterario della Liguria, Vol. VI. Genoa, 1905. Mencherini = P. Saturnino Mencherini, Guida illustrata della Verna. Quaracchi, 1907. Mesnil, Misc. d'Arte = Jacques Mesnil, La Madone des Constructeurs, in Miscellanea d'Arte (being vol. I of Rivista d'Arte), 208-210. Florence, 1913. Messeri-Calzi = A. Messeri e A. Calzi, Faenza nella storia e nell' arte. Faenza, 1909. Michel = Andre Michel, Histoire de I' Art depuis les premiers temps Chretiens jus qu'a nos iours. 5 vols, published. Paris, 1905- Milanesi Misc. = Gaetano Milanesi, Mis cellanea, Notes, of great value, preserved in the Bibl. Com. di Siena. Misc. d'Arte = Miscellanea d'Arte (being Vol. I of Rivista d'Arte). Florence, 1913. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX 307 Molinier, Coll. Gavet = fimile Molinier, Collection Smile Gavet. Catalogue rai sonne, etc. Paris, 1889. Mortier-Ferretti = D. A. Mortier, Santa Maria della Quercia. Traduzione del P. L. Ferretti. Florence, 1904. Muntz, Raphael — Eugene Miintz, Raphael, 452, note 1 (Doc). Paris, 1881. N. Riv. Misena = Nuova Rivista Misena, 1888- Riv. d'Arte = Rivista d'Arte, Florence, 1913- P., = Priorista, Princeton Museum Copy. Ms. n. d. Papini, Faenza = Roberto Papini, Gli an- tiche pavimenti di Castel Sant' Angelo, in Faenza, 11(1914), 65-71. Pasqui = Angiolo e Ubaldo Pasqui, La Cattedrale Aretina e suoi monumenti. Arezzo, 1880. Passerini = Luigi Passerini, Le armi dei municipi Toscani. Florence, 1864. Perodi = Emma Perodi, / Pavimenti Rob- biani del Vaticano, in Arte italiana deco rative ed industriale, 1(1890-1891), 106- 107, Tav. 50. Pinzi, A. S. A. 111(1899) — Cesare Pinzi, Memorie e Documenti inediti sulla Basil ica di S. Maria della Quercia in Viterbo, in Archivio storico dell'arte. 111(1890), 300-332 (Doc). Poggi, Burl. Mag. = Giovanni Poggi, The Annunciation of Botticelli, in Burlington Magazine, XXVIII (1915-1916), 129, note 4- Poggi, Cat. = Giovanni Poggi, Catalogo del Museo dell'Opera del Duomo. Flor ence, 1904. Poggi, Riv. d'Arte, VI (1909) = Giovanni Poggi, Un dossale d'altare della bottega di Andrea della Robbia nella chiesa di S. Romolo a Bivigliano, in Rivista d'Arte VI (1909), 48-52. Priorista Ridolfi = A Ms. List of the Priors of Florence, in the Public Library, Florence. R., D. R. = Marcel Reymond, Les Della Robbia. Florence, 1897. R., Sc. FI. = Marcel Reymond, La Sculp ture Florentine. 4 vols. Florence, 1897- 1900. Repetti = Emanuele Repetti, Dizionario geografico, fisico, storico della Toscana. 6 vols. Florence, 1833-1846. Ricci = Corrado Ricci, Volterra (Italia artistica, no. 18). Bergamo, 1905. Richa = Giuseppe Richa, Notizie istorische delle chiese fiorentine. 10 vols. Flor ence, 1754-1762. Riv. d'Arte = Rivista d'Arte, Florence, 1903- Robinson = J. C. Robinson, Italian Sculp ture of the Middle Ages and Period of the Revival of Art in the South Kensing ton Museum. London, 1862. Roscoe = William Roscoe, The Life and Pontificate of Leo the Tenth. 2 vols. Rev. ed. London, 1888. Rosselli, Sepoltuario fiorentino; Vol. I. Quartiere di S. Croce e S. Spirito; Vol. II, Quartiere di S. Giovanni e S. Maria Novella. Cart. sec. XVIII fol. in Bibl. Maglibecchiana, Florence. Rossi, A. S. A. VI (1893) = Umberto Rossi, // museo nazionale di Firenze nel triennio 1889-1891, in Archivio storico dell'Arte, VI (1893), 1-24. Ruskin = John Ruskin, The Works of lohn Ruskin, Library Edition Edited by E. T. Cook and Alexander Wedderburn. London and New York, 1903-1912. S. = Paul Schubring, Luca della Robbia und seine Familie. Bielefeld und Leip zig, 1905. Schottmiiller = Frida Schottmiiller, Be- schreibung der Bildwerke der Christlichen Epochen. Bd. V. Die Italienischen und Spanischen Bildwerke der Renaissance und des Barocks 2d ed. Berlin, 1913. Scott = Leader Scott, Vincigliata and Mai- ano. Florence. 1891. Selliere Sale of 1890 = Catalogue des Ob jets d'art, etc. Vente a Galerie Petit, 5- 10 Mai, 1890. Paris, 1890. du Sommerard = Alexandre du Sommer- ard, Musee des Thermes et de I'Hotel de Cluny. Catalogue et description des ob jets d'art, etc. Paris, 1883. Staley = Edgcombe Staley, The Guilds of Florence. London, 1906. Strange = Edward Fairbrother Strange, Alphabets, a Handbook of Lettering, etc. London, 1895. Strocchi = Canonico A. Strocchi, Memorie istoriche del Duomo di Faenza. Faenza, 1838. Supino = Igino Benvenuto Supino, Catalo go del R. Museo Nazionale di Firenze. Rome, 1898. Tesorone = Giovanni Tesorone, L'antico pavimento delle logge di Raffaello in Vati cano. Naples, 1891. Tigri = Giuseppe Tigri, Intorno al Palaz zo Pretorio del Podesta di Pistoia, Me moria storica. Pistoia, 1848. Tonduzzi = Giulio Cesare Tonduzzi, His toria di Faenza. Faenza, 1675. Ughello = D. Ferdinando Ughello, Italia Sacra sive de Episcopis Italiae. 10 vols. Venice, 1717. V. = Adolfo Venturi, Storia dell'arte ital iana. 7 vols. Rome, 1901- Vas. = Giorgio Vasari, Le vite de piu ec cellenti pittori, scultori, ed architettori. ed. Gaetano Milanesi. 9 vols. Florence, 1 878- 1906. Vaughan = Herbent M. Vaughan, The Medici Popes. New York and London, 1908. Vita = Alessandro del Vita, II Duomo d' Arezzo. Milan, n. d. W. = Howel Wills, Florentine Heraldry. London, 1900. Young = Colonel G. F. Young, The Medici. 2 vols. New York, 1909. Zampi = Paolo Zampi, Di un altare invetri- ato dei della Robbia esistente in Bolsena, in Nuovo Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Maggio 1889. Volsini- ensia, No. VIII. Milan, 1890. Z. f. ch K. = Zeitschrift fiir christliche Kunst. Dusseldorf, 1888- 3o8 ROBBIA HERALDRY 2. Index of Names ^Acciaiuoli, 109. Accolti, 211. Adimari, 32, 269. Alamanni, 294. ^Albizzi, 186, 187. ^, Aldimari, 32. ^Alessandri, 72, 159. Altoviti, 249, 265, 274. Annunziata, 275. Antella, 19, 43, 54, 171. Antinori, 59, 177, 267. Aquino, 163. ^ Arena, 195. Ardinghelli, 151. Arte dei Beccai, 299. " dei Maestri, di Pietra e di Legnami, 10. " dei Medici, 9, 261. " della Seta, 8. Attavanti, 221. ^JBaglioni, 28. J3ardi, 101, 102. /Baroncelli, 290. Baroncini, 189. ^Bartoli, 69, 74. Bartolini, 98. Bati, 179. Becchi-Fibbiai, 84. _^ Benci, 44. Benci-Taddei, no. Benino, 80, 169, 241. ^Benivieni, 292. Benucci, 225. Benvenuti, 89. Berlinghieri, 171. Bertini, 62. Betto, 54. Biada, 198. Biliotti, 225, 298. Billi, 298. Bolsena, 142, 143. Bonacorsi, 296. Bonciani, 42. Boni, 226. Bonsi, 200. Bonsostegni, 222. Borsi, 42. Bottigli, 242. Buonafede, 226, 227, 229, 288. Buondelmonte, 21, 46, 53, 86, 195, 217, 276. Busini, 171. Calcagni, 214. Calderini, 293. Camaldolesi, 107. Cambini, 182. Canigiani, 225, 256. Capitolo del Duomo, 131, 134. Cappelli, 50, 182. Capponi, 18, 277. Carbonati, 75. Carducci, 63. Carlini, 297. Camesecchi, 157. Casavecchia, 144, 283. Castellani, 160. Castello di Vinci, 258. Castelnuovo-Gafagnana, 236. Cattani, 158. Ceppo, 215, 267, 268. Cerboni, 126. Cerchi, 135. Cheli, 155. Ciacchi, 231. Citta di Castello, 253. Citta. Rossa, 250. Compagnia, S.S. Annunziata, 275. Compagnia, S. Elena, 104. Compagnia, S. Giovanni, 220. Conventu del T., 27. Corbinelli, 87, 263. Corbizzi, 103, 296. Corsi, 297. Cortigiani, 171. Cosimo, 15, 294, 299. Davanzati, 76, 77, 96, 206, 241. Dei, 52. Della Rovere, 251. Diaceto, 139. Dini, 104, 291. Dino, 156. Domenicani, no. Donati, 39. Dovizi, 203. Ducci, 97. Eleonora of Toledo, 294. Federighi, 6. Felicaia, 223. Fiaschi, 123. Fini, no. Firodolfi, 87. Florence, City of, 99. Florence, People of, 99. Folchi, 249, 250. France, 125. Frates Minores, 127, 128. Frescobaldi, 41, 108, 140. Gaetani, 143, 183, 184. Gazetti, 284. Gerini, 169, 262. Ghettini, 171, 186. Ghiacceto, 139. Ghislieri, 37, 38, 94. Giacomini-Tebalducci, 178. Giandonati, 166, 167, 252. Gianfigliazzi, 213, 259, 269. Ginore, 45, 78, 152, 246. Giocondo, 214. Girolami, 39. Giugni, 282. Glasini, 151. Gondi, 180. Gualterotti, 231. Guardia e Balia, 119. Guasconi, 117. Guccio, 112, 199. Guerra, 107. Guerrieri, 179. Guidetti, 93, 237. Guidotti, 174, 288. Guiducci, 52. Inghilani, 97. Innocent VIII, 66. Jacopi, 148. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX Jesus Emblem, 64, 65, 66, 98, 169, 282 Lapi, 113, 139, 279. Lelli, 95. Lenzi, 50. Leo X, 203, 207, 232, 233, 234. Lioni, 13, 193. Lorini, 88, 216. Luca, 137. Lucalberti, 79. Macchiavelli, 185. Macinghi, 258. Magalotti, 244, 256. Magio, 119. Malegonelli, 51, 61. Manetti, 136, 231. Manfredi, 33. Mannelli, 81. Marignolli, 255. Marsciano, 91, 92. Martelli, 114, 115, 116. Martellini, 19, 207. Martini, 37, 38, 60, 109. Mazzinghi, 60, 206. Medici, 3, 104, 106, 142, 150, 219, 230, 236, 247, 268, 300. Mercanzia, 11. Michelozzi, 261. Minerbetti, 183, 184. Mini, 195. Montecassiano, 279. Montedoglio, 287. Montepulciano, 153. Monti, 190. Montolevetani, 146. Mori, 190. Muta, 156. Nasi, 149. Neri, 297. Nero, 22, 53, 140. Niccolini, 30, 176, 288. Nobili, 190. Nuccarello, 131, 132. Olivetani, 274. Opera, 147, 192, 244. Palmieri, 20. Pandolfini, 189. Panico, 252. Paoli, 60. Particini, 222, 277. Pazzi, 23, 40, 53, 181, 206, 223, 273, 289. Pepi, 246. Peruzzi, 161, 168, 185. Pescioni, 129. Pete, 119. Petrini, 295. Petrucci, 67, 68. Physicians and Apothecaries, 9. Pienza, 275. Pieri, 232. Pistoia, 268. Pitti, 55, 180, 243, 260, 264. Pollini, 211. Portogallo, Jacopo da, 12. Posi, 155- Potenza della Citta Rossa, 250. Prato, 90. Pucci, 103, 123, 207. 309 Pugliese, 89. Pulci, 197. Rena, 199. Rene d' Anjou, 16. Ricasoli, 201, 213. Ricci, 109, 209, 281. Riccobaldi, 214. Ridolfi, 35. Rinuccini, 162, 244. Risaliti, 48, 178, 194, 246. Rondinelli, 300. Rossi, 46, 141. Rovere, 251. Rucellai, 70, 166, 192, 281. Salimbeni, 219. Salvetti, 208. Salviati, 47, 51, 195, 217, 239. S. Antonio, 74, 202, 203. S. Lorenzo, 84, 85. S. Maria Nuova, 3, 268. S. Spirito, 122. Santorini, 138. Sapiti, 198. Sassetti, 12, 55, 57, 130. Scali, 126, 159, 241. Scarapucci, 163. Scarfa, 122. Segni, 270, 271. Sera, 298. Serfranceschi, 148. Sernigi,Serragli, 99, 285. Serristori, 24, 69. Sertini, 254. Sestini, 253. Sforza, 81, 134. Silk Merchants, 8. Spadari, 275. Spigliati, 257. Spini, 168. Staiti, 122. Stone Masons, 10, 25. Strozzi, 169. Struffi, 293. Stufa, 36, 37, 265. Taddei, no. Tebalducci, 178. Toledo, Eleonora of, 294. Tondinelli, 91. Tori, 197. Tornabuoni, 25, 39, 125. Tosa, 129. Trinity Monogram, 82. Tronconi, 211. Troscia, 239. Trotti, 93, 241. Ugolini, 158, 174. Ugurgieri, 30. Undetermined, 134, 174, 178, 247, 248, 275. Vannelli, 246. Vettori, Agniolo, 17. Villani, 238. Vinci, 258. Volpini, 145. Volterra, 205. Wool Merchants, 57, 59. 3io ROBBIA HERALDRY Index of Places Amsterdam, 114. Anghiari, 44, 97, 109, 201, 291. Antona, 147. Arezzo, 75, 82, 91, 119, 182, 190, 275. Asciano, 275. Ashridge, 197. Assisi, 28. Badia Tedalda, 226. Baltimore, 85, 217. Berlin, 14, 261. Bevagna, 128. Bibbiena, 203, 253. Bivigliano, 99. Bolsena, 142, 143. Borgo San Lorenzo, 54, 97, 129, 130, 190, 195, 214, 262, 281, 282. Borgo San Sepolcro 42, 43, 50, 51, 54, 61, 68, 74, 103, 107, 126, 136, 151, 193, 194, 237- Brooklyn, 267. Buggiano Alto, 123, 137, 151, 179, 239. Calenzano, 248. Camaldoli, 107. Campoli, 138. Casole, 275. Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, 236. Castiglione Fiorentino, 98, 113, 152. Castrocaro, 256. Cerreto-Guidi, 192. Certaldo, 55, 89, 117, 123, 139, 260, 263, 274, 288 Citta di Castello, 126, 253. Collins, 248. Coniston, 39. Cornocchi, 251. Cutigliano, 158, 166, 168, 178, 213, 238. Dicomano, 145, 219. Empoli, 32, 104, 119, 134, 241. Faenza, 33-35. Fabbrica di Peccioli, 143, I44- Fiesole, 249, 250. Finalpia-Savona, 274. Florence, Bardini Coll., 77, 92, 93, no, 178, 181, 261. Innocenti, 242 Museo Nazionale, 25, 37, 60, 93, 94, 95, 171, 183, 211, 236, 244, 246, 247, 252, 257, 285. Museo di S. Marco, 158. Opera del Duomo, 57- S. Ambrogio, 250. SS. Apostoli, 112. S. Barnaba, 262. S. Croce, Cappella Pazzi, 40. S. Marco Vecchio, 85, 106. S. Maria Novella, no. S. Miniato, 3, 12. Or San Michele, 8, 9, i°, n- 2Q9- S. Paolino, 189. S. Simone, 48. S. Trinita, 6, 57- Palazzo Antinori, 46, 59- " Bardi, 101. Canigiani, 169. Serristori, 23. Stufa, 37- Private Collection, 60. Via della Scala, 104. " S. Gallo e Via Guelfa, 122. Villa Antinori, 267. Fontisterni, 246. Galatrona, 227. Gallicano, 155. Galluzzo, 19, 22, 31, 32, 129, 134, 140, 157, 189, 206, 207, 264, 292, 293, 296. Impruneta, 8. Lari, 162, 185, 259, 265, 270, 271, 277, 288, 296. London, 16, 53, 83, 98, 184, 187, 195, 199, 208, 220, 300. Macerata, 281. Massa Carrara, 169. Mensole, 170. Montalcino, 155. Momtecassiano, 279. Montepulciano, 153. Montespertoli, 185. Montevarchi, 107, 227. New York, 45, 59, 65, 81, 84, 87, 127, 182, 184, 186, 202, 227, 269. Oliveto, 247. Paris, 65, 132, 169, 203, 258. Peccioli, 143, 144. Peretola, 3. Perugia, 64, 65, 222. Pescia, 18, 27, 216, 252, 282. Pescina, 206. Petrignano, 146. Piazzanese, 192. Pieve San Stefano, 103, 150, 159, 177, 211, 222, 225, 226, 231. Pisa, 244. Pistoia, 43, 52, 55, 63, 99, 76, 115, 166, 174, 215, 255, 267, 268, 276. Poggibonsi, 214. Ponte a Mensola, 170. Poppi, 17, 67, 135, 254, 277. Prague, 225, 241. (II) Pratello, 102. Prato, 90, 125, 192, 205, 239. Radda, in, 148, 180, 198, 221, 232, 247, 256, 294 Radicofani, 156. Rifredi 125. Rignano, 247. Rome, 76, 174, 207, 227, 232, 233, 234. Roslyn, 41, 51, 52. S. Casciano, 144, 167. S Fiora, 81, 127, 134. S. Giovanni in Valdarno, 13, 21, 25, 35, 39, 47, 53, 78, 148, 159, 161, 178, 186, 195, 200, 209, 223, 237, 273, 189. S. Lucchese, 214. S. Piero a Sieve, 230. Scarperia, 50, 79, 88, 96, 122, 159, 168, 180, 213, 243, 279, 283, 290. Sesto, 108, 112, 179, !90, 198, 284, 295. Siena, 30. Signa, 132, 141- Stia, 286. Tignano, 99. Tizzano, 145- Torre, 185. Trapani, 122. (La) Verna, 30, 59, 69-74, 287, 294. Vienna, 66. Vincigliata, 139, I&3, *7i, 174- Viterbo, 163. Volterra, 20, 36, 62, 80, 87, 129, 140, 149, 197, 199- YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 9002 01358 6327 *3